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2economy
| ubukungu | economy | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/NAEB-na-SOPYRWA-bafashe-ingamba-zo-guteza-imbere-Ibireti | NAEB na SOPYRWA bafashe ingamba zo guteza imbere Ibireti | Umuyobozi wa NAEB, Ntakirutimana Corneille, avuga ko ibireti birimo gucika kubera imbuto itari nziza yakoreshwaga n’abahinzi. Avuga ko bagiye gushakira abaturage imbuto nziza y’ibireti izajya itanga umusaruro kurusha iyari isanzwe kandi idasaza vuba. Uretse gushaka imbuto year cyane, NAEB na SOPYRWA bafite gahunda yo guteza imbere iki gihingwa ku buso gihingwaho. Ikindi biyemeje ni ugushishikariza abaturage basanzwe bahinga iki gihingwa kurushaho gushyira ingufu mu buhinzi bwacyo. Nk’uko Ntakirutimana akomeza abisobanura, imbuto yakoreshwaga ni ibitsinsi by’ibireti kandi ntibitanga umusaruro ushimishije. Ibi bituma umusaruro ugenda urushaho kugabanuka kubera ko abahinzi bacika integer zo gukomeza guhinga ibitera. Ubuhinzi bw’ibireti buzajya bukorwa mu buryo bushya. Mu gihe mu bihe abahinzi bateraga ibitsinsi by’ibireti, ubu noneho uburyo bushya ni uguhumbika umurama hanyuma abahinzi bagatera ingemwe z’ibireti zivuye muri buhumbikiro. Ibireti bihinzwe muri ubu buryo bitanga umusaruro ukubye inshuro eshatu uw’ibiterwa ari ibitsinzi bitanga kandi bikaba bitanasaza vuba. NAEB yateguye gahunda yo gushakira abahinzi umurama w’ibireti ugera kuri toni 3 by’imbuto nziza. Si NAEB gusa yateguye uyu murama kuko na sosiyete nyarwanda itunganya umusaruro w’ibireti SOPYRWA yateguye umurama ungana n’ibiro 2000 ugomba guhumbikwa ugaterwa n’abahinzi mu rwego rwo kuzamura iki gihingwa. Kugeza ubu ubuso bw’ubutaka bugomba guterwaho ibireti bugera kuri hegitali 3000 mu Rwanda. Mu ntangiro z’ukwezi kwa 10 habaye umunsi w’abahinzi b’ibireti mu Rwanda. kuva muri uko kwezi, abaturage batangiye gufashwa guhumbika ingemwe nshya mu gihe bitegura guhinga. Ibireti ni kimwe mu bihingwa ngengabukungu bihingwa mu Rwanda. Gikunze kuboneka mu turere tw’imisozi miremire yo mu burengerazuba bw’u Rwanda ndetse no mu duce tw’imisozi y’amajyaruguru y’uburengerazuba. SAFARI Viateur |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/huye-abaturage-ntibarumva-akamaro-ko-guhuza-ubutaka | Huye: abaturage ntibarumva akamaro ko guhuza ubutaka | Iyo ugeze mu murenge wa Huye, ubona imirima itari mike ihinzemo ibihingwa bivanze. Hari aho usanga ibishyimbo, ibigori ndetse n’urutoki bihinze mu murima umwe. Kimwe n’abandi batuye muri uwo murenge umukecuru witwa Jeanne Kankindi yahinze igihingwa cy’imyumbati gusa muri iki gihembwe cy’ihinga. Avuga ko ubuyobozi bwababwiye ko iki gikorwa kizabafasha mu kongera umusaruro wabo ukomoka ku buhinzi ariko magingo ngo ntarumva aho umusaruro utubutse uzava bahinga igihingwa kimwe. Ubwo yaganiraga n’umunyamakuru wa kigali today Kankindi yagize ati : “Mbere nihingiraga ibijumba mu masaka ngashyiramo n’amateke ubwo habaga harimo n’urutoki. Nashoboraga gusarura imyaka y’ubwoko butandukanye mu gihe kimwe kandi mu murima umwe, sinzi rero niba imyumbati gusa izabasha kuntungira umuryango“. Nubwo Kankindi avuga ko yasaruraga imyaka itandukanye yemera ko umusaruro wabaga ari muke ntabashe kwihaza no gusagurira isoko. Akeka ko kutabona umusaruro uhagije biterwa no kudafumbira umurima we kkuko nta tungo afite. Umuyobozi ushinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage mu murenge wa Huye, Séraphine Kayitesi, avuga ko impamvu abaturage batabasha kubona umusaruro utubutse bituruka ahanini no kutumva akamaro ko guhinga igihingwa kimwe.
Avuga ko umuturage bamwereka inzira nziza zo kugirango umusaruro we wiyongere ariko kubyumva bikagorana. Kayitesi yizeye ko bazabona amasoko y’imyaka abaturage bazeza. Avuga ko umuturage wahinze igihingwa kimwe abasha kugurisha ibyo yejeje akaba yabasha guhaha ibindi akeneye. Ati : “Nk’ubu umuturage wahinze ibigori akeza imifuka itanu ashobora kugurishamo itatu, akabasha kugura ibyo urugo rukeneye, akaba yanakwizigamira. Ashobora no kugurana na mugenzi we wahinze ibishyimbo cyangwa ikindi”. Abaturage bo mu murenge wa Huye bashishikarizwa guhinga igihingwa kimwe kugirango bungere umusaruro. Muri iki gihembwe cy’ihinga abaturage bahawe imbuto z’igihingwa cyatoranijwe bakanabahagarikira kugirango batazitera nabi cyangwa ngo bazivange n’indi myaka. Gerard GITOLI Mbabazi |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/inzoga-ikoze-mu-myumbati-yashyizwe-ku-isoko | Inzoga ikoze mu myumbati yashyizwe ku isoko | Inkuru dukesha BBC ivuga ko ubusanzwe hari abantu bari basanzwe bakora ibinyobwa bitandukanye bikoze mu myumati cyangwa mu bindi binyabijumba ariko ikibazo kikaba aruko ibyo binyobwa bishobora kugira ingaruka zirimo n’urupfu. Abahagarariye SABMiller batangaza ko inzoga bakoze nta kibazo izatera ku buzima bwa muntu. Iyo nzoga yakorewe mu gihugu cya Mozambique. Uru ruganda ruvuga ko buri mwaka bizajya bisaba toni ibihumbi mirongo ine z’imyumbati zo gukora iyo nzoga. Ibi byatumye bamwe mu bahinzi bavuga ko bizatuma inzara yiyongera muri Afurika kuko imyumbati ari kimwe mu bihingwa bifitiye akamaro kanini abanyafurika mu bijyanye n’imirire. Uruganda rwa SABMiller rukomoka mu Bwongereza; rwakoze umushinga wo guha akazi abahinzi barenga 1500 bahinga imirima myinshi y’imyumbati. Norbert NIYIZURUGERO |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/inzara-iragenda-igabanuka-mu-rwanda | Inzara iragenda igabanuka mu Rwanda | U Rwanda ruri mu bihugu 26 (Demokarasi ya Kongo, Burundi, Afrika y’epfo, Zambia, India, Sierra Leone, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Liberia, Tanzania, Guatemala, Nepal, Pakistan, Mozambique, Cambodia, Resotho, Vietnam, Kenya, Malawi, China, Brazil, Nigeria, Uganda, Gambia, Senegal na Ghana) byibasiwe n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere ariko ruza ku mwanya wa kane mu bihugu byafashe ingamba zihamye zo guhangana n’icyo bibazo no kugikemura. Nkuko Umuyobozi wa Action Aid mu Rwanda, Josephine Uwamariya, abitangaza mu rwego rwo gufasha abanyarwanda kurwanya inzara,umuryango Action Aid International wahisemo gufasha abagore bakora umwuga w’ubuhinzi mu Rwanda. Ubu ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko abagore bagize 77% by’abantu bitabira ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi mu Rwanda. Ibi nibyo byatumye imbaraga nyinshi zishyirwa ku bagore mu rwego rwo kubafasha kuzamura umusaruro w’ubuhinzi kuko byagaragaye ko ari bo babwitabira kurusha abagabo mu Rwanda. Uwamariya yatangaje ko imbaraga z’abagore zitewe inkunga zagira icyo zitanga bityo umusaruro w’ubuhinzi ukiyongera; akaba ari imwe mu mpamvu zatuma inzara icika burundu mu Rwanda ndetse n’abaturage bakihaza mu biribwa. SAFARI Viateur |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/bugesera-nyuma-y-inzara-yaharanzwe-ubu-karahahira-utundi-turere | Bugesera: Nyuma y’inzara yaharanzwe ubu karahahira utundi turere | Mu myaka yashize cyane cyane umwaka w’2000, Akarere ka Bugesera kagaragayemo ikibazo cy’amapfa akabije, hari abantu bicwaga n’inzara abandi bagasuhuka.
Muri iki gihe uhatembereye ushobora kugira ngo ni amateka cyangwa se ni amakabyankuru y’abantu, abenshi mu baturage hari bahatuye nibo bivugira ko nta kibazo cy’inzara kihaherutse.
Niyonzima Joseph w’imyaka 45 utuye mu Murenge wa Nyamata, Akagari ka Maranyundo, amaze imyaka 16 muri aka Karere avuga ko inzara yatangiye kugaragara muri Bugesera mu mpera y’1999 ariko ikaza gukaza umurego mu mwaka w’2000. Avuga ko muri icyo gihe ibintu byose byari byarabuze kuva ku biryo mvaruganda kugeza ku bijumba bihingiraga.
Agira ati “Umva ibijumba ari ibijumba, icyo gihe inaha byaribwaga n’umuntu ufite imodoka, ndakubwiza ukuri ko nta mukene wapfaga kubyigondera”. Niyonzima yongeraho ko impamvu yateraga ibyo byose ari uko izuba ryari ryaracanye ku buryo batirirwaga bahinga n’uwahinganga ntiyeze. Avuga ko icyo igihe ahantu hapfaga kwera ibijumba hari mu bishanga kandi byajyaga kubageraho byahenze. Yongeraho ko mu mwaka w’2000 abantu bishwe n’inzara ku buryo bukabije mu duce twa Gashora, Ngenda, Gahembe na Maranyundo aho abandi barasuhuka.
Ati “icyo gihe abagabo benshi barahungaga kubera kubura icyo bagaburira imiryango yabo, naho abagore bakishyira mu migozi kubera kubura icyo bagaburira abana babo”. Mukanzaramba Feresita ni umugore w’imyaka 62 y’amavuko atuye mu Murenge wa Mayange, avuga ko ikintu cyaje kubarokora ari uko mu Bugesera haje imishinga imwe n’imwe igatangira kubaha imfashanyo z’ibiribwa.
Agira ati : “Muri icyo gihe tutarabona imfashanyo uwo amahirwe yasekeraga yabonaga rukacarara. Icyo gihe twayitaga shira umuteto kuko mbere wasangaga hari abantu batarya umutsima w’amasaka”. Gusa abatuye muri aka gace bavuga ko ibintu bisa n’ibyasubiye mu buryo kuko ubu imyaka irera abantu bakabona ibiryo. Bavuga ko iyo ufite inoti y’igihumbi urya amanywa n’ijoro. Nyirabitanga Jolie nawe utuye mu Bugesera avuga ko ubu nta nzara ikiharangwa, ko ubu aka karere gahagaze neza, ku isoko ibintu biraboneka. Ibiboneka kurusha ibindi harimo imboga, ibishyimbo, imyumbati, inanasi, ibigori n’ibindi. Ugeze mu isoko rya Nyamata mu gice gicururizwamo imboga, abacuruzi bazo nabo bemeza ko imboga ziboneka ku bwinshi. Mukarwema Annonciata, umucuruzi muri iri soko rya Nyamata umaze imyaka igera kuri 7 acuruza, avuga ko ibicuruzwa byabonetse nyuma y’aho mbere gucuruza byasaga n’ibigoranye kubera ko baburaga aho barangurira. Agira ati : “Ibintu biriho. Ikibigaragaza ni uko inyanya, intoryi n’izindi kandi urabona ko na hano mu isoko abacuruza imboga babaye benshi kandi n’abo mu tundi Turere basigaye baza kurangura hano”. Aganira na kigalitoday.com Rwagaju Louis uyobora Akarere ka Bugesera avuga ko icyatumye inzara igabanuka muri aka karere ngo ni uko leta yafashe ingamba zo gutera ibiti n’amashyamba hirya no hino muri kariya gace. Avuga ko iterwa ry’ibiti ryatumye imvura itangira kugwa n’imyaka ikaboneraho gutangira kwera. Ati “Ubu hari ibicuruzwa abacuruzi b’ i Kigali baza kurangura inaha ndetse n‘ubu dufitanye ubuhahirane n’Intara ya Kirundo yo mu gihugu cy’u Burundi”. Yongeraho ko ibi byose babigezeho bakangurira abaturage gukora cyane guhinga, kuzigama no gukora imirimo itegamiye ku buhinzi gusa. Muri ako Karere hari igihe cyageze bitoroshye kubona n’igiti kubera izuba ryari ryarahibasiye, Umuntu yashoboraga no gusanga amatungo yapfiriye ku nzira kubera kubura ubwatsi n’amazi kuko hendaga kuba ubutayu. Egide Kayiranga |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/ikawa-n-icyayi-ibihingwa-bifitiye-runini-u-rwanda | Ikawa n’icyayi: ibihingwa bifitiye runini u Rwanda | Nk’uko Ntakirutimana Corneille, umuyobozi mukuru wungurije ushinzwe kuzamura umusaruro w’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu Rwanda mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe kwita ku byoherezwa mu mahanga( NAEB) abitangaza, ibi bihingwa nibyo byinjiza amadevize menshi ugereranije n’ibindi byoherezwa mu mahanga bivuye mu Rwanda. Ibi bihingwa kandi bigirira akamaro kanini umuhinzi wabyo kuko bimuzanira amafaranga. Kugeza ubu umuhinzi w’icyayi ahabwa amafaranga ijana ku kiro cy’amababi y’icyayi ari ku kigero cy’ubwiza kiri hagati ya 65% na 69%. Naho ku cyayi kiri ku bwiza bwa 70% kugeza ku 100% umuhinzi ahabwa amafaranga 105 ku kiro ariko hari n’inganda zimwe zishobora kuyarenza. Muri uyu mwaka igiciro cy’ikawa cyavuye ku mafaranga 200 ku kiro cy’ibitumbwe kigera ku mafaranga 350. Ibi bikaba biterwa n’uko igiciro cy’ikawa cyagiye kizamuka ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Amafaranga avuye muri ibi bihingwa afasha abahinzi kongera umusaruro ndetse no kwikenura kuko iyo umuhinzi aguriwe ku giciro cyiza nawe agira umwete wo kongera umusaruro kugira ngo yeze byinshi.
Bimwe mu bihugu kawa ikunze kugurishwamo harimo leta zunze ubumwe z’Amarika,Ubuyapani ndetse na bimwe mu bihugu by’Iburayi. icyayi gikunze kubona amasoko mu bihugu by’Abayisiramu, iby’Abarabu ndetse na bimwe mu bihugu by’Iburayi. Nk’uko Corneille aritangaza, Abanyarwanda ntibitabira cyane kunywa icyayi n’ikawa. Avuga ko Abanyanyarwanda bakwiriye kuba isoko ry’ibyo beza ntibatege amasoko ku banyamahanga gusa. Umwaka ushize umusaruro w’icyayi woherejwe hanze urenga toni 21.000 zinjije akayabo kagera kuri miliyoni 56 z’amadorari y’Amerika. Umusaruro wa Kawa woherejwe hanze ugera kuri toni 17.000 zinjije miliyoni 55 z’amadorari y’Amerika. Corneille avuga ko ibi bihingwa bifasha cyane igihugu kuko bituma ubukungu bw’igihugu kuzamuka ndetse bigatuma u Rwanda rugira ijambo ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Aya madevize kandi afasha u Rwanda kugura ibicuruzwa rukura hanze rudahenzwe. Avuga ko u Rwanda rweza umusaruro muke ugereranyije n’ibihugu duturanye ariko ko icyari n’ikawa by’u Rwanda bifite uburyohe kurusha ibyo muri ibyo bihugu. Nk’uko Ntakirutimana Corneille yabidutangarije, ikawa zihingwa hafi mu gihugu hose ariko zibanze cyane mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo ndetse n’iy’Iburengerazuba kuko ariho hari ubuso bunini bw’iki gihingwa. Icyayi cyo kibanze ahanini mu Ntara y’Uburengerazuba mu misozi miremire y’isunzu rya Congo Nil ndetse n’iy’Amajyepfo y’u Rwanda cyane mu turere twa Nyaruguru na Nyamagabe. Mu ntara y’Iburengerazuba hari inganda esheshatu hakaba hanateganywa kubakwa izindi nganda eshatu mu rwego rwo kuzamura ubwiza bw’umusaruro w’icyayi. Mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru hari inganda z’icyayi nka Mulindi muri Gicumbi na Sorwathe mu karere ka Rulindo. Mu rwego rwo kongera umusaruro uturuka kuri ibyo bihingwa ndetse n’ibindi byoherezwa mu mahanga (imboga, imbuto n’ibireti), harateganywa kongerwa ubuso bihingwaho mu gihugu hose. Urugero: mu ntara y’Amajyepfo n’iy’Iburengerazuba hegitali 2545 ziziyongera kuri hegitali 19000 zisanzwe ku cyayi; hari ubutaka bwo muri Gishwati bugera kuri hegitali 12000 bugahingwaho icyayi. Ikawa yo hakazongerwaho hegitali 7100 ku zahingwaga. Iyi gahunda ikazakorwa muri uyu mwaka wa 2011-2012. Abaturage bakaba basabwa kuzitabira guhinga ibi bihingwa mu rwego rwo kurushaho kwizamura no kuzamura umusaruro w’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga muri rusange. Imboga, imbuto ndetse n’ibireti nabyo bizongererwa ubuso ndetse cyane mu Ntara y’amajyaruguru ndetse no mu Ntara y’uburengerazuba bw’amajyaruguru. SAFARI Viateur |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/Igihembwe-cy-ihinga-cya-2012-A-kizagira-imvura-ihagije-muri-rusange-Twahirwa | Igihembwe cy’ihinga cya 2012 (A) kizagira imvura ihagije muri rusange: Twahirwa Antoine | Iyi mvura izagwa mu buryo buhagije mu gihe cy’amezi 3 nk’uko isesengura ry’ibipimo byakozwe na Service y’ubumenyi bw’ikirere ryabyerekanye. Gusa ngo mu turere tumwe na tumwe imvura izagwa ariko igende igabanuka uko ibihe bizagenda bishira. Tumwe mu turere tuzabonekamo imvura nyinshi kurusha utundi cyane mu turere tw’imisozi miremire cyane mu majyaruguru n’igice kimwe cy’intara y’Iburengerazuba. Ibi bikaba byaratangajwe n’umuyobozi wa Service y’iteganyagihe muri Service y’ubumenyi bw’ikirere Twahirwa Antoine. Muri turere tuzabonekamo imvura nyinshi harimo Gicumbi, Burera, Musanze, Ngororero, Nyabihu, Nyaruguru, Nyanza, Muhanga, Kamonyi, Nyamagabe, Huye, Ruhango, Rubavu, Gakenke na Rulindo. Icyakora mu Ntara y’iburasirazuba ,kubera uko hateye,kuba hatagira imisozi ifata imiyaga ifite ubuhehere bw’umwuka bityo bigatuma ihuhwa n’umuyaga ikigira ahandi, ngo ni nayo mpamvu hadakunze kuboneka imvura nyinshi nk’ahandi mu Rwanda. Gusa ngo imvura ubu izagwayo ihagije, ariko izagenda igabanuka uko izagenda igwa, ibi bikaba bidakwiye gutera impungenge abazakora imirimo itandukanye .
Tumwe mu turere tuzagwamo imvura ihagije ariko ikazagenda igabanuka uko izagenda igwa,harimo Rusizi, Nyamasheke, Karongi, Rutsiro, Rubavu, Nyagatare, Ngoma, Kirehe, Rwamagana, Gatsibo, Kayonza, Bugesera, Gasabo, Kicukiro, Nyarugenge ndetse na Gisagara. Twinshi muri utu turere tukaba ari utw’intara y’iburasirazuba kubera imiterere yayo. Gusa ngo iteganyagihe risesengura ibipimo by’imvura bafite hanyuma bakabigeza kuri Minisiteri ifite ubuhinzi n’ubworozi mu nshingano zayo, ari nayo igira abahinzi inama y’ibyo bahinga bitewe n’ibihe by’imvura biriho. Kugeza ubu mu Ntara zitandukanye ubuhinzi bukaba bwaritabiriwe ku buryo bushimishije, ndetse iki gihembwe cy’ihinga cya 2012 (A) kikaba kirimo kugenda neza nk’uko Musabyimana Innocent, umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe iby’ubuhinzi mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi (RAB) abitangaza. Yongeraho ko ugereranije n’uko intara zagiye zitabira ubuhinzi mu ntara y’iburengerazuba bageze hafi kuri 80% batera , mu Majyaruguru bageze kuri 90% y’ubutaka bugomba guhingwa no guterwa ,mu Burasirazuba ho bageze kuri 60% naho mu majyepfo bakaba bageze kuri 50%. Impamvu mu majyepfo bari bakiri hasi Musabyimana avuga ko imvura yaguye itinze ku buryo ubutaka bwari butarasoma. Ikindi usanga abafite ubutaka bunini bagenda baba hirya no hino mu migi kuburyo baba batabwegereye ngo bahite babuhinga. Iyi mibare y’aho abaturage bageze bahinga ikaba ishobora guhinduka nk’uko Musabyimana abivuga kuko bashyize ingufu nyinshi mu kubakangurira guhinga hakiri kare imvura ikiriho. Uturere twa Nyanza,Kamonyi na Muhanga mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo tukaba ari two twari turi inyuma ugereranije n’utundi mu kwitabira gahunda y’ubuhinzi. Abahinzi b’Intara y’Iburasirazuba bakaba bakangurirwa n’ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi guhinga vuba kuko agace k’uburasirazuba imvura ikunze gucika mbere muri ako gace nk’uko Musabyimana yabitangaje. SAFARI Viateur |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/Ibura-ry-amasoko-y-ibihingwa-nka-Macadamia-Moringa-na-Jatrofa-biteje-igihombo | Ibura ry’amasoko y’ibihingwa nka Macadamia,Moringa na Jatrofa biteje igihombo abahinzi. | Mutibagirana okomeza avuga ko batangiye kubihinga babishishikarijwe na Leta ndetse bizezwa ko bazabona n’amasoko. Mu mwaka wa 2006 batangiye kubona umusaruro wabyo ariko kugeza ubu nta masoko barabona ku buryo bamwe bakiwubitse abandi bacitse intege kuko bari barashoyemo amafaranga bakaba babifata nk’igihombo. Bamwe muri abo bahinzi batangiye gutema ibiti by’ubu bwoko bw’ibihingwa kuko nubwo bitanga umusaruro nta masoko bifite. Mutibagirana Evariste,avuga ko urugemwe rumwe gusa rwa Macadamia baruguraga amafaranga agera ku gihumbi. Mutibagirana:umwe mu bahombejwe n’ibi bihingwa umuhinzi mworozi w’intangarugero mu Rwanda no mu Karere ka Rwamagana, akaba atuye mu murenge wa Karenge. Azwiho kuba ari umuhinzi wa mbere mu Rwanda ku buhinzi bw’ibitoki biribwa bizwi ku izina ry’injagi ndetse n’ubuhinzi bw’imyumbati. Ubu ageze ku gitoki kimwe gipima ibiro 156 n’umwumbati umwe upima ibiro 150. Yegukanye igikombe cy’umuhinzi witwaye neza mu Rwanda mu buhinzi bw’imyumbati n’urutoki mu mwaka wa 2009 agihawe na Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda Paul Kagame. Nubwo ariko Mutibagirana afite ubuhinzi buteye imbere atyo,avuga ko nawe yahinze Moringa ndetse na Macadamia mu bahinzi ba mbere babihinze.Ubu buhinzi avuga ko babukoze babushishikarijwe na Leta babwirwa ko bazabona amasoko. Bikaba byaratumye nawe arushaho gushishikariza abandi baturanye guhinga Macadamia na Moringa ku buryo we ubwe yahise anitabira gutubura imbuto za Macadamia kugirango zigere ku baturage baturanye ari nyinshi kuko zabonekaga gusa ahitwa muri Rugende kwa Paki. Mu mwaka wa 2006, nibwo ibihingwa nka Moringa na Macadamia byatangiye gutanga umusaruro. Icyakora ngo nta masoko bigeze babona yabyo. Ibyo byatumye bacika intege kuburyo hari n’abahise babitema kuko benshi babihingaga ahari indi myaka nk’urutoki bakayirandura nk’uko Ufitinema Ferdinand umwe mu bahinzi ba Macadamia unatubura imbuto mu gishanga cya Rugende yabitangaje. Mutibagirana Evariste,kugeza ubu avuga ko abitse ibiro 300 bya Moringa yaburiye isoko kuva mumyaka itanu ishize, hakaba hari nabagenzi be azi bafite ibiro birenga 1000. Umuyobozi w’ikigo cy’igihugu cyita ku bihingwa bijyanwa mu mahanga (NAEB) arahumuriza abahinzi b’ibi bihingwa Kuri iki kibazo cy’amasoko y’ibihingwa nka Macadamia,Jatrofa na Moringa, umuyobozi w’ikigo cy’igihugu cyita ku bihingwa bijyanwa mu mahanga NAEB, Kanyankore Alexis avuga ko gushakisha amasoko y’ibi bihingwa bikiri mu nyigo. Yongeraho ko harimo gushakwa Rwiyemezamirimo washyiraho uruganda rwajya rutunganya umusaruro wa Macadamia,bityo nyuma yaho hakaba hakusanywa umusaruro wazo ugatunganywa. Ibyo bizatuma umusaruro wazo utunganije uhabwa agaciro kurusha uko waba umeze udatunganije. Kanyankore,yanavuze ko mu gihe cy’umwaka 1 bateganya ko Rwiyemezamirimo washyiraho uruganda rutunganya umusaruro wa Macadamia yaba yabonetse. Umuyobozi wa NAEB Kanyankore Alexis, yongeraho ko igihe umusaruro wa Macadamia uzaba watunganijwe uzabona amasoko,hirya no hino haba mu mahoteri, mu ma resitora no mu ma supermarché.Gusa ngo abafite umusaruro w’ibyo bihingwa bakaba bakwegera ikigo cy’igihugu kita ku bihingwa bijyanwa mu mahanga (NAEB) kikaba cyabibafashamo igihe bazaba berekana umusaruro bafite. SAFARI Viateur |
2economy
| ubukungu | economy | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/gira-inka-munyarwanda-umwe-mu-mihigo-cy-icyerekezo-2020 | GIRA INKA MUNYARWANDA: UMWE MU MIHIGO CY’ICYEREKEZO 2020 | Zimwe mu ntego z’iyi gahunda zijyanye n’icyerekezo 2020 urwanda rwihaye, harimo gufasha imiryango itishoboye kubasha kugira icyororo muri gahunda yo kurwanya ubukene n’indwara zituruka kumirire mibi; kwongera umusaruro uturuka kumatungo nk’amata n’ibiyakomokaho, nk’inyama…; gufasha abanyarwanda kubona ifumbire ndetse no kwagura umubano mu muco mwiza wo kugabirana inka mubanyarwanda… Gahunda ya gira inka munyarwanda igizwe n’ibyiciro bibiri ari byo:gira inka ngabirano na gira inka nguzanyo. Muri gahunda ya gira inka ngabirano imiryago icyennye izajya ihabwa inka kubuntu hanyuma uko izagenda yororoka nayo izagende yoroza abaturanyi bityo bityo… naho muri gahunda ya gira inka nguzanyo hazafashwa umuryango wujuje ibisabwa kuzahabwa inguzanyo kugirango ubashe kugura inka yo kworora. muri ibyo bisabwa harimo kuba harateguye ibiraro bijyanye n’ubworozi bwa kijyambere ,kubauyihabwa afite imirima y’ubwatsi buzatunga iyo inka … Kugeza ubu aho iyi gahunda yageze batangiye kuragizanya, kworoza abandi no kuziturirana ,abana baranywa amata… aha twavuga nko mukarere ka kamonyi mu ntara y’amajyepfo no muri rwamagana mu ntara y’uburasira zuba aho kuwa 2 ukwakira imiryango igera kuri 40 yahawe inka igabiwe n’abandi banyarwanda.
Ubusanzwe hateganijwe kworozwa imiryango igera kuri 257 000 ikennye kurusha indi mu gihugu hose kugeza ubu hakaba hamaze kworozwa imiryango 92 000. Marie Josée IKIBASUMBA |
6technology
| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mobayilo/BPR-yatangije-uburyo-bushya-bwo-kohereza-no-kwakira-amafaranga | BPR yatangije uburyo bushya bwo kohereza no kwakira amafaranga | Ubu buryo bushya, bwitwa “IZI Cash” butuma umufatabuguzi wa BPR ukoresha telefone yohereza amafaranga muri serivisi ya mobile money abasha kohereza amafaranga ku wundi muntu wese ufite telefone kabone n’ubwo yaba atari umufatabuguzi w’iyo banki. Richard Ndahiro, ushinzwe kwamamaza no guteza imbere serivisi nshya muri BPR, avuga ko ibijyanye no kohererezanya amafaranga byorohejwe ku buryo igisabwa ari ukuba mwese mufite telefone zigendanwa, ariko uwohereza akaba akoresha BPR mobile money. Yagize ati: “ukoresheje telefone yawe ushobora kohereza amafaranga ku nshuti n’abavandimwe ubundi bagafatira amafaranga yabo kuri ATM ibegereye nta karita bakoresheje”. Uwohererejwe amafaranga abona umubare w’ibanga ndetse n’ingano y’amafaranga yohererejwe, ubundi akajya kuri ATM agafata amafaranga ye.
Ndahiro yagize ati: “uwohererejwe amafaranga yandika umubare w’ibanga ndetse n’ingano y’amafaranga kuri ATM yose imwegereye maze agahabwa amafaranga ye ako kanya”. BPR ifite abakiriya bagera kuri miliyoni 1 n’ibihumbi 400. Ifite amashami agera ku 190 mu gihugu cyose; muri yo akoresha ikoranabuhanga rya interineti ni 144. Ubuyobozi bw’iyi banki buvuga ko bitarenze Kamena 2012, amashami yose azaba akoresha iryo koranabuhanga. Jean Noel Mugabo |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ibindi-bikoresho/Nzeyimana-Isidore-yahimbye-ishyiga-rya-kijyambere-Tekutangije | Nzeyimana Isidore yahimbye ishyiga rya kijyambere: “Tekutangije” | Iyo mbabura rero, ngo ishobora guteka ibintu byinshi inshuro imwe: ibiryo ku mashyiga, inyotse ziba zashyizwe mu ifuru ndetse n’amazi umuntu ashobora gushyushya mu gasiterine. Uretse kuba tekutangije ishobora guteka ibintu bitandukanye icyarimwe, ifite akarusho ko kurondereza inkwi. Tekutangije ifite amashyiga abiri kandi buri shyiga rifite aho bashyira inkwi. Hagati y’amashyiga hari ifuru, naho inyuma y’ibyo byose hakaba agasiterine gashyushya amazi. Nyezimana sobanura buri shyiga rijyamo ingeri 3 za sentimetero 15. Yemeza ko ingeri esheshatu zigahisha inkono enye (ebyiri ku mashyiga, ku ifuru no muri siterine). Ikindi cyiza cya Tekutangije ni uko umutetsi aticwa n’imyotsi kuko ifite uruhombo rurerure rujyana umwotsi kure. Akandi karusho ni uko iri shyiga riba riri kumwe n’ubwogerezo bumwe cyangwa bubiri (2 lavabos) bitewe n’icyifuzo cy’uyishaka hamwe n’ameza yo guteguriraho ibyo guteka. Ibyo byose (imbabura n’ibiyiherekeje) bikoze muri aluminium. Nzeyimana asobanura ko amashyiga akora arimo ibyiciro bitatu bitewe n’ingano y’amazi ashobora gushyushya. Irinini rishobora gushyushya litiro 20 rikaba rigura hagati ya 400000 na 300000. Irikurikiyeho rishobora gushyushya litiro 15 rikagura hagati y’amafaranga 300000 na 250000. Iritoya rishobora gushyushya litiro 10 rikaba rigura hagati y’amafaranga 250000 na 150000. Uretse Tekutangije, Nzeyimana Isidore akora na muvero zifashishwa mu gutekera abanyeshuri, shodiyeri (chaudière) zikora za vaperi (vapeurs), n’ibindi. Intego ye ni ukurengera ibidukikije. Nzayimana ni umwe mu bitabiriye ibiganiro ku bushakashatsi mpuzamahanga mu gukoresha ingufu tubungabunga ibidukikije yateguwe na kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda iherereye mu karere ka Huye. Ibi biganiro byatangiye tariki 16 bikazarangira tariki 18 ugushyingo 2011. Kakunze Alfred |
6technology
| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ubumenyi/article/thomas-suarez-w-imyaka-10-aragera-ikirenge-mu-cya-steve-jobs | Thomas Suarez w’imyaka 10 aragera ikirenge mu cya Steve Jobs | Ubwo bari mu nama yateguwe na TED (Technology Entertainment and Design) muri Manhattan ho muri Amerika, uyu mwana yatunguye benshi ubwo yasobanuriraga imbaga y’abari aho ibijyanye nibyo amaze gukora mu bigendanye n’ikoranabuhanga. Nubwo akiri muto, Thomas Suarez yumva afite inyota yo kuzagera ku bintu bikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga kuko ariho indoto ze ziri. Kugeza ubu amaze gukora applications ebyiri za telephone yo mu bwoko bwa iPhone zitwa Earth Fortune na Bustin Jieber. Izi applications ziraboneka ku rubuga rwa sosiyete Apple ikora amatelefone na mudasobwa. Mu ijambo rye uyu mwana yavuzeko abana benshi bagira ibikinisho cyangwa bakinira kuri interineti ariko bikarangirira aho. We rero ngo kuko akunda ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga yasabye iwabo kumwishyurira ama euro 73 kugirango ajye abasha kohereza ibyo yakoze muri sosiyete ya Apple, bikaba byaranamufashije kwiyigisha wenyine porogarame ya mudasobwa yitwa (Software Development Kit) kandi izo yakoze 2 za iPhone zikaba zimaze kwemerwa. Thomas Suarez, ukunda cyane Steve Jobs washinze sosiyete ya Apple. Ubu nawe amaze gushinga uruganda rucirirtse rwitwa CarrotCorp, ari narwo ateganya gushyiramo club ya Apple aho urubyiruko ruzajya ruza kwigira ibijyanye no gukora amaporogarame ya za mudasobwa. Marie Josee IKIBASUMBA |
6technology
| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mobayilo/article/isoko-rya-telefoni-zigendananwa-ririyongera-cyane-muri-afurika-kurusha-ahandi | Isoko rya telefoni zigendananwa ririyongera cyane muri Afurika kurusha ahandi | Iyi raporo ivuga ko kugeza ubu abantu miliyoni 649 muri Afurika bakoresha telefoni zigendanwa kandi buri myaka itanu abakoresha iri tumanaho muri afurika biyongeraho 20%. Mu mpera z’umwaka utaha wa 2012 bazaba bamaze kugera kuri miliyoni 738. Mu buhamya bwatanzwe na b’Abanyafurika benshi bagaragaza ko telefoni igendanwa muri iki gihe ibafatiye runini kuko ibafasha mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi; haba mu kazi ndetse no mu miryango. Gertrude Kitongo, umunyeshuri muri afurika y’epfo, yagize ati « telefoni yanjye nyikoresha ahantu hose, nyikoresha nka radiyo, nk’isomero, aho ndebera filime, nkayikoresha mu kwandikirana ubutumwa, nkamenya amakuru ya banki kandi ikamfasha no guhamagara.» Kitongo avuga ko telefoni ayiha agaciro kuko ngo yamubereye icyambu kimuhuza n’umuryango we uri muri Kenya na uganda ndetse n’inshuti ze biganye muri zimbabwe. Yanavuzeko kubwe yumva telefoni ye ntacyo yayigereranya nacyo kuko imufasha gukurikirana ibikorwa bya konti ye muri banki, akabasha kuba yareba ikiganiro akunda cya Oprah Winfrey kuri inerineti. Peter Lyons, ukorera muri GSMA mu kiganiro yagiranye n’abanyamakuru tariki 9/11/2011 ubwo iyi raporo yasohokaga, yatangaje ko kuba hakiri Abanyafurika benshi badafite uko bakoresha serivise zisanzwe z’amabanki nabyo biri mubyatumye uyu mubare uzamuka. Yanongeyeho ko uko ibikorwa remezo birimo imihanda n’amashanyarazi bikomeza kwiyongera muri Afurika ari nako abakoresha iri koranabuhanga barushaho kwiyongera. Nk’uko ikinyamakuru The Times cyo muri Afrika y’epfo dukesha iyi nkuru kibitangaza ngo, GSMA irakangurira ubuyobozi bw’ibihugu kugerageza kworohereza abaturage kubona ubu buryo bw’itumanaho hagabanywa imisoro ku bicuruzwa bigendanye naryo. Marie Josée Ikibasumba |
6technology
| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/utuntu-n-utundi/Uburayi-bugiye-gukemura-ibibazo-biri-hagati-ya-Apple-na-Samsung | Uburayi bugiye gukemura ibibazo biri hagati ya Apple na Samsung | Izi nganda ziregana kwibana uburenganzira ku bumenyi bwite (droit de la propriété intellectuelle) ku bikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora amatelefone agendanywa. Apple ivuga ko Samsung yayibye bimwe mu bikoresho ndetse n’ubumenyi bwakoreshejwe mu gukora telephone ndetse na mudasobwa ntoya igendanywa (tablet) ya Samsung Glaxy. Ibi byageze kure kuko mu minsi ishize Apple yigeze gusaba ko ibi bikoresho bya Samsung byavanywa ku isoko mu bihugu b’Iburayi. Iyi akaba ari nayo mpamvu nyamukuru yatumye komisiyo yo mu burayi yiyemeza gukora ubushakashatsi kuri icyo kibazo kugira ngo ukuri kujye ahagaragara. Ubu iperereza ryahereye muri Koreya y’amajyepfo aho uruganda rwa Samsung rukomoka. Nk’uko umuhanga mu bijyanye n’uburenganzira ku bumenyi bwite, Florian Mueller, yabitangarije ibiro ntaramakuru by’ubwongereza, ngo si ibyo gusa kuko izo nganda zinafitanye ibibazo ku bijyanye n’uburenganzira bwo gucuruza (droit de licence) ibicuruzwa byabo. Uruganda rwa Apple rukorera mu Amerika, rukaba rukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga byo mu bwoko bwa iPod, iPhone hamwe na iPad. Uru ruganda rwatangiye gukora imirimo yarwo taliki ya mbere Mata 1976 muri Leta ya California, rutangira rwitwa Apple Computer, Inc. ruza guhindurirwa izina rwitwa Apple Inc. taliki ya mbere Mutarama 1977, nyuma y’iminsi mirongo itatu ruvutse. Uruganda rwa Samsung rwo ni urwo muri Koreya y’amajyepfo, rukaba ruhereye mu mujyi wa Samsung ahitwa Seoul. Rwatangiye gukora kuva mu mwaka w’1947. Ubu urwo ruganda rukorana n’izindi nganda 6 zikomeye ku isi. Izo nganda ni Sony, Dell, HP, Verizon Communications, AT&T ndetse na Apple Inc bafitanye ibibazo. Anne Marie Niwemwiza |
6technology
| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mudasobwa/article/umunyafurika-yakoze-mudasobwa-ntoya-izwi-ku-izina-rya-tablet | Umunyafurika yakoze mudasobwa ntoya izwi ku izina rya « Tablet » | Mu kwezi kwa cyenda uyu mwaka nibwo iyo mudasobwa yashyizwe ahagaragara, mu nama y’ibijyanye n’ikorabuhanga rigezweho, yitwa « Africa Web Summit » yaberaga i Brazzaville ho muri Kongo. Ariko muri uku kwezi kwa cumi guhera tariki ya 17 nibwo iyo mudasobwa yatangiye kugera no mu bindi bihugu byo muri Afrika. Ubusanzwe byari bimenyerewe ko ibikoresho by’ikorababuhanga biza muri Afrika ariko byarakorewe mu bihugu byo hanze y’Afrika, cyane cyane mu Burayi, mu Bushinwa, ndetse no muri Amerika. Ariko ngo kuba umunyafrika yaragize igitekerezo cyo gukora mudasobwa byahise bihindura amateka. Gusa ariko ngo n’ubwo iyo mudasobwa yakorewe muri Kongo, yateranyirijwe mu gihugu cy’Ubushinwa. Ngo kubera ko muri Afrika nta bikoresho byo kuyiteranya byari bihari. Mudasobwa ntoya ariko ikora nk’izindi zisanzwe Ubundi mudasobwa ya « Tablet » ngo n’ubwo iba ari ntoya, kuburyo umuntu ashobora kuyitwara mu mufuka w’umwambaro yambaye, ngo ikora nk’izindi mudasobwa zisanzwe. Mu Rwanda naho nk’uko ikoranabuhanga riri gutera imbere izo mudasobwa hari abazitunze. Ingénieur Neza Nice Fabrice ushinzwe ibijyanye na tekinike (Techinque) kuri Radio Salus, asobanurira uko bene izo mudasobwa zikora. Atangira avuga ko « Tablet » ari mudasobwa nto cyane, ijya kungana na telefone zisanzwe cyangwa ikayiruta ho gatoya. Gusa ariko ngo ikikwereka ko ari mudasobwa ngo ni uko nayo ijyamo amaporogaramu (Programmes) akoreshwa n’izindi mudasobwa zisanzwe. Agira ati « iyo mudasobwa ishobora kujyamo za Windows, Linux hari n’izijyamo izo bita Android ». Avuga ko impamvu abantu bashobora kwitiranya iyo mudasobwa na telefone, ari uko hari telefone nazo zishobora kujyamo ayo maporogaramu. Agira ati « Kubera iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga izo porogaramu bagiye bazikoresha mu matelefoni amwe bita smart-phones : nka iPhone, za Blackbelly cyangwa iPad ». Yongeraho ko Tablet iba ari mudasobwa, kandi ngo iba ifite icyo bita « Touch-screen » (Ecran bakoreshamo intoki). Ng’aho kugira ngo wandike ukoresheje « Clavier » nk’izamudasobwa zisanzwe, ukora muri « Screen » cyangwa « Ecran » yayo, ukandika ukoresheje intoki cyangwa ikaramu yabugenewe. Akomeza avuga ko kandi mudasobwa ya « Tablet » itandukanye na Laptop zisanzwe, cyangwa se Laptop ntoya zitwa « Notbook ». Ikindi kandi ngo n’ubwo ari nto cyane, ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora nk’ibyo izindi mudasobwa zikora, hirengagijwe izishobora gukora ibintu byinshi icyarimwe. Ngo kuba rero abahanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga bagenda bakora ibikoresho bitoya umuntu ashobora kugendana aho agiye hose, ngo bifite akamaro.
Agira ati « Uko bagenda babigira bitoya bigenda bifasha buri muntu wese ubifite kubona amakuru ku buryo bworoshye ahantu aho ari ho hose ». Ubundi mudasobwa ntoya izwi ku izina rya Tablet, yabanje gukorwa n’uruganda rwa Microsoft rwo muri Amerika ruzwi ho gukora ibijyanye na za mudasobwa. Urwo ruganda rukaba rwarayikoze mu mwaka wa 2001. Kuva icyo gihe kugeza ubu izindi nganda zagerageje gukora izo mudasobwa, harimo uruganda rwa Apple narwo rukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, rwatangijwe n’umunyamerika Steve Jobs umaze iminsi yitabye Imana. Kuri rwo hiyongera ho uruganda RIM rwo muri Canada ruzwi ho gukora ibijyanye n’itumanaho ndetse n’izindi nganda zizwi mu ikoranabuhanga mu by’itumanaho. Norbert NIYIZURUGERO. |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/internet/article/muhanga-gukoresha-internet-ntibikiri-umwihariko-w-abanyakigali | Muhanga : Gukoresha internet ntibikiri umwihariko w’Abanyakigali | Cyber café Ikaze ni imwe mu nzu z’ubucuruzi bwa internet mu karere ka Muhanga. Ubuyobozi bwayo buvuga ko nubwo bizwi ko i Kigali ariho hari iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ko n’ i Muhanga n’aho abantu baryitabira cyane. Umukozi wa cyber café Ikaze agira ati: « Abakiriya baritabira kugura serivisi ya internet cyane. Dutangira akazi kuva saa moya za mugitondo kugeza saa tatu z’ijoro abakiriya bagihari. Hari abagura iminota nka 15 nibo benshi ariko hari n’abagura isaha imwe kugeza ku masaha agera kuri atatu. » Cyber café Alpha nayo ikorera mu karere ka Muhanga yakira abaguzi ba serivisi ya internet benshi. Umukozi muri iyi cyber avuga ko mu gihe abanyeshuri bo mu mashuri yisumbuye baba bari mu biruhuko ari bwo babona abakiriya benshi. Uyu mukozi agira ati : « Hano i Muhanga abantu bitabira ku bwinshi kugura serivisi ya internet muri za cyber café ku buryo bamwe bahaguruka abandi bicara. Hari abagura igihe kitageze ku isaha ariko kandi hari n’abagura amasaha. Hari igihe ku munsi tubona abakiriya bagera kuri magana atanu.» Abakiriya bavuga ko serivisi ya internet ibafitiye akamaro ariko ko aho iyo serivisi itangirwa hakiri hake.Umwe muri abo ni Rukundo Jean Aimé wiga mu kigo cy’amashuri yisumbuye cya Mutagatifu Yozefu (Saint Joseph) mu mwaka wa gatandatu. Agira ati : « Ubu mba naje kureba utuntu dutandukanye kuri internet ; cyane cyane amakuru. Naje kureba neza amakuru y’urupfu rwa Mouamar Ghadaffi. Hari igihe mwarimu atubwira aderesi twasangaho ibintu bitandukanye. Urumva ko idufasha cyane mu masomo.» Jean Aimé yongeyeho ko hari ikibazo cy’ubuke bw’ama cyber café. Ngo hari igihe aza akicara agategereza ko abandi barangiza gukoresha internet ariko habaye hari cyber nyinshi wasanga hamwe hari abantu benshi ugahita ujya ahandi. Ubu mu karere ka Muhanga hari cyber café eshanu gusa. U Rwanda ruragenda rutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga nkuko bigaragazwa n’ibigo bitandukanye bikora isesengura ku ikoranabuhanga ku isi. Mu mujyi wa Kigali niho higanje ibikorwa by’ikoranabuhanga cyane harimo na internet. Imijyi mito ndetse n’udu santeri tw’ubucuruzi nabyo biri kugenda byitabira ikoreshwa rya internet. Ibi bikaba bigaragarira ku ma cyber café agenda ashingwa. Jean Baptiste Micomyiza |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ubumenyi/article/umuhanga-mu-bya-mudasobwa-steve-jobs-yitabye-imana | Umuhanga mu bya mudasobwa Steve JOBS yitabye imana | Nyakwigendera Steve Jobs wishwe na canseri y’urwagashya yavutse kuwa 24 Gashyantare 1955 yamenyekanye cyane mu mwaka w’ 1976 ubwo we na mugenzi Steve Woziniak bashinze Apple computers. Bazwiho kuba barakoreye mu igarage ry’iwe mu rugo mu gihe bahangaga mudasobwa ya mbere yahawe izina rya Apple. Mu mwaka w’1984 yasohoye mudasobwa ya Macintosh 128k. Mu mwaka w’1998 ku itariki 6 za Gicurasi yongeye gusohora mudasobwa ya (iMac all in one) bivuga ko yari ikubiyemo byose iyi ikaba yaramamaye cyane nka mudasobwa itaruhanije kwimukana. Steve Jobs yongeye kugaragaza cyane ubuhanga bwe kuwa 23 Ukuboza 2001 ubwo yashyiraga ahagarara iPod iyi ikaba ifasha abantu kumva umuziki ko kureba amafilimi, gusa aho ubuhanga bwagaragariye cyane ni mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu kintu gito kandi gifite ubushobozi bwinshi. Vuba aha mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 2010 yahanze ikitwa iPad twagereranya na mudasobwa ntoya kandi ifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Uyu mugabo rero kwitaba imana kwe ni igihombo gikomeye ku bakunzi b’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kuko yari azwiho guhora ahanga udushya. Steve Jobs yitabye imana afite imyaka 56 asize abana batatu, umutungo w’uyu mugabo ubarirwa muri Miliyari zirenga 8 z’amdorari akaba ari mu bakire 50 ba mbere ku isi.
Imana imuhe iruhuko ridashira Byakusanijwe na Mutijima Abu Bernard |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mobayilo/BPR-yatangije-uburyo-bushya-bwo-kohereza-no-kwakira-amafaranga | BPR yatangije uburyo bushya bwo kohereza no kwakira amafaranga | Ubu buryo bushya, bwitwa “IZI Cash” butuma umufatabuguzi wa BPR ukoresha telefone yohereza amafaranga muri serivisi ya mobile money abasha kohereza amafaranga ku wundi muntu wese ufite telefone kabone n’ubwo yaba atari umufatabuguzi w’iyo banki. Richard Ndahiro, ushinzwe kwamamaza no guteza imbere serivisi nshya muri BPR, avuga ko ibijyanye no kohererezanya amafaranga byorohejwe ku buryo igisabwa ari ukuba mwese mufite telefone zigendanwa, ariko uwohereza akaba akoresha BPR mobile money. Yagize ati: “ukoresheje telefone yawe ushobora kohereza amafaranga ku nshuti n’abavandimwe ubundi bagafatira amafaranga yabo kuri ATM ibegereye nta karita bakoresheje”. Uwohererejwe amafaranga abona umubare w’ibanga ndetse n’ingano y’amafaranga yohererejwe, ubundi akajya kuri ATM agafata amafaranga ye.
Ndahiro yagize ati: “uwohererejwe amafaranga yandika umubare w’ibanga ndetse n’ingano y’amafaranga kuri ATM yose imwegereye maze agahabwa amafaranga ye ako kanya”. BPR ifite abakiriya bagera kuri miliyoni 1 n’ibihumbi 400. Ifite amashami agera ku 190 mu gihugu cyose; muri yo akoresha ikoranabuhanga rya interineti ni 144. Ubuyobozi bw’iyi banki buvuga ko bitarenze Kamena 2012, amashami yose azaba akoresha iryo koranabuhanga. Jean Noel Mugabo |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ibindi-bikoresho/Nzeyimana-Isidore-yahimbye-ishyiga-rya-kijyambere-Tekutangije | Nzeyimana Isidore yahimbye ishyiga rya kijyambere: “Tekutangije” | Iyo mbabura rero, ngo ishobora guteka ibintu byinshi inshuro imwe: ibiryo ku mashyiga, inyotse ziba zashyizwe mu ifuru ndetse n’amazi umuntu ashobora gushyushya mu gasiterine. Uretse kuba tekutangije ishobora guteka ibintu bitandukanye icyarimwe, ifite akarusho ko kurondereza inkwi. Tekutangije ifite amashyiga abiri kandi buri shyiga rifite aho bashyira inkwi. Hagati y’amashyiga hari ifuru, naho inyuma y’ibyo byose hakaba agasiterine gashyushya amazi. Nyezimana sobanura buri shyiga rijyamo ingeri 3 za sentimetero 15. Yemeza ko ingeri esheshatu zigahisha inkono enye (ebyiri ku mashyiga, ku ifuru no muri siterine). Ikindi cyiza cya Tekutangije ni uko umutetsi aticwa n’imyotsi kuko ifite uruhombo rurerure rujyana umwotsi kure. Akandi karusho ni uko iri shyiga riba riri kumwe n’ubwogerezo bumwe cyangwa bubiri (2 lavabos) bitewe n’icyifuzo cy’uyishaka hamwe n’ameza yo guteguriraho ibyo guteka. Ibyo byose (imbabura n’ibiyiherekeje) bikoze muri aluminium. Nzeyimana asobanura ko amashyiga akora arimo ibyiciro bitatu bitewe n’ingano y’amazi ashobora gushyushya. Irinini rishobora gushyushya litiro 20 rikaba rigura hagati ya 400000 na 300000. Irikurikiyeho rishobora gushyushya litiro 15 rikagura hagati y’amafaranga 300000 na 250000. Iritoya rishobora gushyushya litiro 10 rikaba rigura hagati y’amafaranga 250000 na 150000. Uretse Tekutangije, Nzeyimana Isidore akora na muvero zifashishwa mu gutekera abanyeshuri, shodiyeri (chaudière) zikora za vaperi (vapeurs), n’ibindi. Intego ye ni ukurengera ibidukikije. Nzayimana ni umwe mu bitabiriye ibiganiro ku bushakashatsi mpuzamahanga mu gukoresha ingufu tubungabunga ibidukikije yateguwe na kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda iherereye mu karere ka Huye. Ibi biganiro byatangiye tariki 16 bikazarangira tariki 18 ugushyingo 2011. Kakunze Alfred |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ubumenyi/article/thomas-suarez-w-imyaka-10-aragera-ikirenge-mu-cya-steve-jobs | Thomas Suarez w’imyaka 10 aragera ikirenge mu cya Steve Jobs | Ubwo bari mu nama yateguwe na TED (Technology Entertainment and Design) muri Manhattan ho muri Amerika, uyu mwana yatunguye benshi ubwo yasobanuriraga imbaga y’abari aho ibijyanye nibyo amaze gukora mu bigendanye n’ikoranabuhanga. Nubwo akiri muto, Thomas Suarez yumva afite inyota yo kuzagera ku bintu bikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga kuko ariho indoto ze ziri. Kugeza ubu amaze gukora applications ebyiri za telephone yo mu bwoko bwa iPhone zitwa Earth Fortune na Bustin Jieber. Izi applications ziraboneka ku rubuga rwa sosiyete Apple ikora amatelefone na mudasobwa. Mu ijambo rye uyu mwana yavuzeko abana benshi bagira ibikinisho cyangwa bakinira kuri interineti ariko bikarangirira aho. We rero ngo kuko akunda ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga yasabye iwabo kumwishyurira ama euro 73 kugirango ajye abasha kohereza ibyo yakoze muri sosiyete ya Apple, bikaba byaranamufashije kwiyigisha wenyine porogarame ya mudasobwa yitwa (Software Development Kit) kandi izo yakoze 2 za iPhone zikaba zimaze kwemerwa. Thomas Suarez, ukunda cyane Steve Jobs washinze sosiyete ya Apple. Ubu nawe amaze gushinga uruganda rucirirtse rwitwa CarrotCorp, ari narwo ateganya gushyiramo club ya Apple aho urubyiruko ruzajya ruza kwigira ibijyanye no gukora amaporogarame ya za mudasobwa. Marie Josee IKIBASUMBA |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mobayilo/article/isoko-rya-telefoni-zigendananwa-ririyongera-cyane-muri-afurika-kurusha-ahandi | Isoko rya telefoni zigendananwa ririyongera cyane muri Afurika kurusha ahandi | Iyi raporo ivuga ko kugeza ubu abantu miliyoni 649 muri Afurika bakoresha telefoni zigendanwa kandi buri myaka itanu abakoresha iri tumanaho muri afurika biyongeraho 20%. Mu mpera z’umwaka utaha wa 2012 bazaba bamaze kugera kuri miliyoni 738. Mu buhamya bwatanzwe na b’Abanyafurika benshi bagaragaza ko telefoni igendanwa muri iki gihe ibafatiye runini kuko ibafasha mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi; haba mu kazi ndetse no mu miryango. Gertrude Kitongo, umunyeshuri muri afurika y’epfo, yagize ati « telefoni yanjye nyikoresha ahantu hose, nyikoresha nka radiyo, nk’isomero, aho ndebera filime, nkayikoresha mu kwandikirana ubutumwa, nkamenya amakuru ya banki kandi ikamfasha no guhamagara.» Kitongo avuga ko telefoni ayiha agaciro kuko ngo yamubereye icyambu kimuhuza n’umuryango we uri muri Kenya na uganda ndetse n’inshuti ze biganye muri zimbabwe. Yanavuzeko kubwe yumva telefoni ye ntacyo yayigereranya nacyo kuko imufasha gukurikirana ibikorwa bya konti ye muri banki, akabasha kuba yareba ikiganiro akunda cya Oprah Winfrey kuri inerineti. Peter Lyons, ukorera muri GSMA mu kiganiro yagiranye n’abanyamakuru tariki 9/11/2011 ubwo iyi raporo yasohokaga, yatangaje ko kuba hakiri Abanyafurika benshi badafite uko bakoresha serivise zisanzwe z’amabanki nabyo biri mubyatumye uyu mubare uzamuka. Yanongeyeho ko uko ibikorwa remezo birimo imihanda n’amashanyarazi bikomeza kwiyongera muri Afurika ari nako abakoresha iri koranabuhanga barushaho kwiyongera. Nk’uko ikinyamakuru The Times cyo muri Afrika y’epfo dukesha iyi nkuru kibitangaza ngo, GSMA irakangurira ubuyobozi bw’ibihugu kugerageza kworohereza abaturage kubona ubu buryo bw’itumanaho hagabanywa imisoro ku bicuruzwa bigendanye naryo. Marie Josée Ikibasumba |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/utuntu-n-utundi/Uburayi-bugiye-gukemura-ibibazo-biri-hagati-ya-Apple-na-Samsung | Uburayi bugiye gukemura ibibazo biri hagati ya Apple na Samsung | Izi nganda ziregana kwibana uburenganzira ku bumenyi bwite (droit de la propriété intellectuelle) ku bikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora amatelefone agendanywa. Apple ivuga ko Samsung yayibye bimwe mu bikoresho ndetse n’ubumenyi bwakoreshejwe mu gukora telephone ndetse na mudasobwa ntoya igendanywa (tablet) ya Samsung Glaxy. Ibi byageze kure kuko mu minsi ishize Apple yigeze gusaba ko ibi bikoresho bya Samsung byavanywa ku isoko mu bihugu b’Iburayi. Iyi akaba ari nayo mpamvu nyamukuru yatumye komisiyo yo mu burayi yiyemeza gukora ubushakashatsi kuri icyo kibazo kugira ngo ukuri kujye ahagaragara. Ubu iperereza ryahereye muri Koreya y’amajyepfo aho uruganda rwa Samsung rukomoka. Nk’uko umuhanga mu bijyanye n’uburenganzira ku bumenyi bwite, Florian Mueller, yabitangarije ibiro ntaramakuru by’ubwongereza, ngo si ibyo gusa kuko izo nganda zinafitanye ibibazo ku bijyanye n’uburenganzira bwo gucuruza (droit de licence) ibicuruzwa byabo. Uruganda rwa Apple rukorera mu Amerika, rukaba rukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga byo mu bwoko bwa iPod, iPhone hamwe na iPad. Uru ruganda rwatangiye gukora imirimo yarwo taliki ya mbere Mata 1976 muri Leta ya California, rutangira rwitwa Apple Computer, Inc. ruza guhindurirwa izina rwitwa Apple Inc. taliki ya mbere Mutarama 1977, nyuma y’iminsi mirongo itatu ruvutse. Uruganda rwa Samsung rwo ni urwo muri Koreya y’amajyepfo, rukaba ruhereye mu mujyi wa Samsung ahitwa Seoul. Rwatangiye gukora kuva mu mwaka w’1947. Ubu urwo ruganda rukorana n’izindi nganda 6 zikomeye ku isi. Izo nganda ni Sony, Dell, HP, Verizon Communications, AT&T ndetse na Apple Inc bafitanye ibibazo. Anne Marie Niwemwiza |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mudasobwa/article/umunyafurika-yakoze-mudasobwa-ntoya-izwi-ku-izina-rya-tablet | Umunyafurika yakoze mudasobwa ntoya izwi ku izina rya « Tablet » | Mu kwezi kwa cyenda uyu mwaka nibwo iyo mudasobwa yashyizwe ahagaragara, mu nama y’ibijyanye n’ikorabuhanga rigezweho, yitwa « Africa Web Summit » yaberaga i Brazzaville ho muri Kongo. Ariko muri uku kwezi kwa cumi guhera tariki ya 17 nibwo iyo mudasobwa yatangiye kugera no mu bindi bihugu byo muri Afrika. Ubusanzwe byari bimenyerewe ko ibikoresho by’ikorababuhanga biza muri Afrika ariko byarakorewe mu bihugu byo hanze y’Afrika, cyane cyane mu Burayi, mu Bushinwa, ndetse no muri Amerika. Ariko ngo kuba umunyafrika yaragize igitekerezo cyo gukora mudasobwa byahise bihindura amateka. Gusa ariko ngo n’ubwo iyo mudasobwa yakorewe muri Kongo, yateranyirijwe mu gihugu cy’Ubushinwa. Ngo kubera ko muri Afrika nta bikoresho byo kuyiteranya byari bihari. Mudasobwa ntoya ariko ikora nk’izindi zisanzwe Ubundi mudasobwa ya « Tablet » ngo n’ubwo iba ari ntoya, kuburyo umuntu ashobora kuyitwara mu mufuka w’umwambaro yambaye, ngo ikora nk’izindi mudasobwa zisanzwe. Mu Rwanda naho nk’uko ikoranabuhanga riri gutera imbere izo mudasobwa hari abazitunze. Ingénieur Neza Nice Fabrice ushinzwe ibijyanye na tekinike (Techinque) kuri Radio Salus, asobanurira uko bene izo mudasobwa zikora. Atangira avuga ko « Tablet » ari mudasobwa nto cyane, ijya kungana na telefone zisanzwe cyangwa ikayiruta ho gatoya. Gusa ariko ngo ikikwereka ko ari mudasobwa ngo ni uko nayo ijyamo amaporogaramu (Programmes) akoreshwa n’izindi mudasobwa zisanzwe. Agira ati « iyo mudasobwa ishobora kujyamo za Windows, Linux hari n’izijyamo izo bita Android ». Avuga ko impamvu abantu bashobora kwitiranya iyo mudasobwa na telefone, ari uko hari telefone nazo zishobora kujyamo ayo maporogaramu. Agira ati « Kubera iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga izo porogaramu bagiye bazikoresha mu matelefoni amwe bita smart-phones : nka iPhone, za Blackbelly cyangwa iPad ». Yongeraho ko Tablet iba ari mudasobwa, kandi ngo iba ifite icyo bita « Touch-screen » (Ecran bakoreshamo intoki). Ng’aho kugira ngo wandike ukoresheje « Clavier » nk’izamudasobwa zisanzwe, ukora muri « Screen » cyangwa « Ecran » yayo, ukandika ukoresheje intoki cyangwa ikaramu yabugenewe. Akomeza avuga ko kandi mudasobwa ya « Tablet » itandukanye na Laptop zisanzwe, cyangwa se Laptop ntoya zitwa « Notbook ». Ikindi kandi ngo n’ubwo ari nto cyane, ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora nk’ibyo izindi mudasobwa zikora, hirengagijwe izishobora gukora ibintu byinshi icyarimwe. Ngo kuba rero abahanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga bagenda bakora ibikoresho bitoya umuntu ashobora kugendana aho agiye hose, ngo bifite akamaro.
Agira ati « Uko bagenda babigira bitoya bigenda bifasha buri muntu wese ubifite kubona amakuru ku buryo bworoshye ahantu aho ari ho hose ». Ubundi mudasobwa ntoya izwi ku izina rya Tablet, yabanje gukorwa n’uruganda rwa Microsoft rwo muri Amerika ruzwi ho gukora ibijyanye na za mudasobwa. Urwo ruganda rukaba rwarayikoze mu mwaka wa 2001. Kuva icyo gihe kugeza ubu izindi nganda zagerageje gukora izo mudasobwa, harimo uruganda rwa Apple narwo rukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, rwatangijwe n’umunyamerika Steve Jobs umaze iminsi yitabye Imana. Kuri rwo hiyongera ho uruganda RIM rwo muri Canada ruzwi ho gukora ibijyanye n’itumanaho ndetse n’izindi nganda zizwi mu ikoranabuhanga mu by’itumanaho. Norbert NIYIZURUGERO. |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/internet/article/muhanga-gukoresha-internet-ntibikiri-umwihariko-w-abanyakigali | Muhanga : Gukoresha internet ntibikiri umwihariko w’Abanyakigali | Cyber café Ikaze ni imwe mu nzu z’ubucuruzi bwa internet mu karere ka Muhanga. Ubuyobozi bwayo buvuga ko nubwo bizwi ko i Kigali ariho hari iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ko n’ i Muhanga n’aho abantu baryitabira cyane. Umukozi wa cyber café Ikaze agira ati: « Abakiriya baritabira kugura serivisi ya internet cyane. Dutangira akazi kuva saa moya za mugitondo kugeza saa tatu z’ijoro abakiriya bagihari. Hari abagura iminota nka 15 nibo benshi ariko hari n’abagura isaha imwe kugeza ku masaha agera kuri atatu. » Cyber café Alpha nayo ikorera mu karere ka Muhanga yakira abaguzi ba serivisi ya internet benshi. Umukozi muri iyi cyber avuga ko mu gihe abanyeshuri bo mu mashuri yisumbuye baba bari mu biruhuko ari bwo babona abakiriya benshi. Uyu mukozi agira ati : « Hano i Muhanga abantu bitabira ku bwinshi kugura serivisi ya internet muri za cyber café ku buryo bamwe bahaguruka abandi bicara. Hari abagura igihe kitageze ku isaha ariko kandi hari n’abagura amasaha. Hari igihe ku munsi tubona abakiriya bagera kuri magana atanu.» Abakiriya bavuga ko serivisi ya internet ibafitiye akamaro ariko ko aho iyo serivisi itangirwa hakiri hake.Umwe muri abo ni Rukundo Jean Aimé wiga mu kigo cy’amashuri yisumbuye cya Mutagatifu Yozefu (Saint Joseph) mu mwaka wa gatandatu. Agira ati : « Ubu mba naje kureba utuntu dutandukanye kuri internet ; cyane cyane amakuru. Naje kureba neza amakuru y’urupfu rwa Mouamar Ghadaffi. Hari igihe mwarimu atubwira aderesi twasangaho ibintu bitandukanye. Urumva ko idufasha cyane mu masomo.» Jean Aimé yongeyeho ko hari ikibazo cy’ubuke bw’ama cyber café. Ngo hari igihe aza akicara agategereza ko abandi barangiza gukoresha internet ariko habaye hari cyber nyinshi wasanga hamwe hari abantu benshi ugahita ujya ahandi. Ubu mu karere ka Muhanga hari cyber café eshanu gusa. U Rwanda ruragenda rutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga nkuko bigaragazwa n’ibigo bitandukanye bikora isesengura ku ikoranabuhanga ku isi. Mu mujyi wa Kigali niho higanje ibikorwa by’ikoranabuhanga cyane harimo na internet. Imijyi mito ndetse n’udu santeri tw’ubucuruzi nabyo biri kugenda byitabira ikoreshwa rya internet. Ibi bikaba bigaragarira ku ma cyber café agenda ashingwa. Jean Baptiste Micomyiza |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ubumenyi/article/umuhanga-mu-bya-mudasobwa-steve-jobs-yitabye-imana | Umuhanga mu bya mudasobwa Steve JOBS yitabye imana | Nyakwigendera Steve Jobs wishwe na canseri y’urwagashya yavutse kuwa 24 Gashyantare 1955 yamenyekanye cyane mu mwaka w’ 1976 ubwo we na mugenzi Steve Woziniak bashinze Apple computers. Bazwiho kuba barakoreye mu igarage ry’iwe mu rugo mu gihe bahangaga mudasobwa ya mbere yahawe izina rya Apple. Mu mwaka w’1984 yasohoye mudasobwa ya Macintosh 128k. Mu mwaka w’1998 ku itariki 6 za Gicurasi yongeye gusohora mudasobwa ya (iMac all in one) bivuga ko yari ikubiyemo byose iyi ikaba yaramamaye cyane nka mudasobwa itaruhanije kwimukana. Steve Jobs yongeye kugaragaza cyane ubuhanga bwe kuwa 23 Ukuboza 2001 ubwo yashyiraga ahagarara iPod iyi ikaba ifasha abantu kumva umuziki ko kureba amafilimi, gusa aho ubuhanga bwagaragariye cyane ni mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu kintu gito kandi gifite ubushobozi bwinshi. Vuba aha mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 2010 yahanze ikitwa iPad twagereranya na mudasobwa ntoya kandi ifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Uyu mugabo rero kwitaba imana kwe ni igihombo gikomeye ku bakunzi b’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kuko yari azwiho guhora ahanga udushya. Steve Jobs yitabye imana afite imyaka 56 asize abana batatu, umutungo w’uyu mugabo ubarirwa muri Miliyari zirenga 8 z’amdorari akaba ari mu bakire 50 ba mbere ku isi.
Imana imuhe iruhuko ridashira Byakusanijwe na Mutijima Abu Bernard |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mobayilo/BPR-yatangije-uburyo-bushya-bwo-kohereza-no-kwakira-amafaranga | BPR yatangije uburyo bushya bwo kohereza no kwakira amafaranga | Ubu buryo bushya, bwitwa “IZI Cash” butuma umufatabuguzi wa BPR ukoresha telefone yohereza amafaranga muri serivisi ya mobile money abasha kohereza amafaranga ku wundi muntu wese ufite telefone kabone n’ubwo yaba atari umufatabuguzi w’iyo banki. Richard Ndahiro, ushinzwe kwamamaza no guteza imbere serivisi nshya muri BPR, avuga ko ibijyanye no kohererezanya amafaranga byorohejwe ku buryo igisabwa ari ukuba mwese mufite telefone zigendanwa, ariko uwohereza akaba akoresha BPR mobile money. Yagize ati: “ukoresheje telefone yawe ushobora kohereza amafaranga ku nshuti n’abavandimwe ubundi bagafatira amafaranga yabo kuri ATM ibegereye nta karita bakoresheje”. Uwohererejwe amafaranga abona umubare w’ibanga ndetse n’ingano y’amafaranga yohererejwe, ubundi akajya kuri ATM agafata amafaranga ye.
Ndahiro yagize ati: “uwohererejwe amafaranga yandika umubare w’ibanga ndetse n’ingano y’amafaranga kuri ATM yose imwegereye maze agahabwa amafaranga ye ako kanya”. BPR ifite abakiriya bagera kuri miliyoni 1 n’ibihumbi 400. Ifite amashami agera ku 190 mu gihugu cyose; muri yo akoresha ikoranabuhanga rya interineti ni 144. Ubuyobozi bw’iyi banki buvuga ko bitarenze Kamena 2012, amashami yose azaba akoresha iryo koranabuhanga. Jean Noel Mugabo |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ibindi-bikoresho/Nzeyimana-Isidore-yahimbye-ishyiga-rya-kijyambere-Tekutangije | Nzeyimana Isidore yahimbye ishyiga rya kijyambere: “Tekutangije” | Iyo mbabura rero, ngo ishobora guteka ibintu byinshi inshuro imwe: ibiryo ku mashyiga, inyotse ziba zashyizwe mu ifuru ndetse n’amazi umuntu ashobora gushyushya mu gasiterine. Uretse kuba tekutangije ishobora guteka ibintu bitandukanye icyarimwe, ifite akarusho ko kurondereza inkwi. Tekutangije ifite amashyiga abiri kandi buri shyiga rifite aho bashyira inkwi. Hagati y’amashyiga hari ifuru, naho inyuma y’ibyo byose hakaba agasiterine gashyushya amazi. Nyezimana sobanura buri shyiga rijyamo ingeri 3 za sentimetero 15. Yemeza ko ingeri esheshatu zigahisha inkono enye (ebyiri ku mashyiga, ku ifuru no muri siterine). Ikindi cyiza cya Tekutangije ni uko umutetsi aticwa n’imyotsi kuko ifite uruhombo rurerure rujyana umwotsi kure. Akandi karusho ni uko iri shyiga riba riri kumwe n’ubwogerezo bumwe cyangwa bubiri (2 lavabos) bitewe n’icyifuzo cy’uyishaka hamwe n’ameza yo guteguriraho ibyo guteka. Ibyo byose (imbabura n’ibiyiherekeje) bikoze muri aluminium. Nzeyimana asobanura ko amashyiga akora arimo ibyiciro bitatu bitewe n’ingano y’amazi ashobora gushyushya. Irinini rishobora gushyushya litiro 20 rikaba rigura hagati ya 400000 na 300000. Irikurikiyeho rishobora gushyushya litiro 15 rikagura hagati y’amafaranga 300000 na 250000. Iritoya rishobora gushyushya litiro 10 rikaba rigura hagati y’amafaranga 250000 na 150000. Uretse Tekutangije, Nzeyimana Isidore akora na muvero zifashishwa mu gutekera abanyeshuri, shodiyeri (chaudière) zikora za vaperi (vapeurs), n’ibindi. Intego ye ni ukurengera ibidukikije. Nzayimana ni umwe mu bitabiriye ibiganiro ku bushakashatsi mpuzamahanga mu gukoresha ingufu tubungabunga ibidukikije yateguwe na kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda iherereye mu karere ka Huye. Ibi biganiro byatangiye tariki 16 bikazarangira tariki 18 ugushyingo 2011. Kakunze Alfred |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ubumenyi/article/thomas-suarez-w-imyaka-10-aragera-ikirenge-mu-cya-steve-jobs | Thomas Suarez w’imyaka 10 aragera ikirenge mu cya Steve Jobs | Ubwo bari mu nama yateguwe na TED (Technology Entertainment and Design) muri Manhattan ho muri Amerika, uyu mwana yatunguye benshi ubwo yasobanuriraga imbaga y’abari aho ibijyanye nibyo amaze gukora mu bigendanye n’ikoranabuhanga. Nubwo akiri muto, Thomas Suarez yumva afite inyota yo kuzagera ku bintu bikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga kuko ariho indoto ze ziri. Kugeza ubu amaze gukora applications ebyiri za telephone yo mu bwoko bwa iPhone zitwa Earth Fortune na Bustin Jieber. Izi applications ziraboneka ku rubuga rwa sosiyete Apple ikora amatelefone na mudasobwa. Mu ijambo rye uyu mwana yavuzeko abana benshi bagira ibikinisho cyangwa bakinira kuri interineti ariko bikarangirira aho. We rero ngo kuko akunda ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga yasabye iwabo kumwishyurira ama euro 73 kugirango ajye abasha kohereza ibyo yakoze muri sosiyete ya Apple, bikaba byaranamufashije kwiyigisha wenyine porogarame ya mudasobwa yitwa (Software Development Kit) kandi izo yakoze 2 za iPhone zikaba zimaze kwemerwa. Thomas Suarez, ukunda cyane Steve Jobs washinze sosiyete ya Apple. Ubu nawe amaze gushinga uruganda rucirirtse rwitwa CarrotCorp, ari narwo ateganya gushyiramo club ya Apple aho urubyiruko ruzajya ruza kwigira ibijyanye no gukora amaporogarame ya za mudasobwa. Marie Josee IKIBASUMBA |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mobayilo/article/isoko-rya-telefoni-zigendananwa-ririyongera-cyane-muri-afurika-kurusha-ahandi | Isoko rya telefoni zigendananwa ririyongera cyane muri Afurika kurusha ahandi | Iyi raporo ivuga ko kugeza ubu abantu miliyoni 649 muri Afurika bakoresha telefoni zigendanwa kandi buri myaka itanu abakoresha iri tumanaho muri afurika biyongeraho 20%. Mu mpera z’umwaka utaha wa 2012 bazaba bamaze kugera kuri miliyoni 738. Mu buhamya bwatanzwe na b’Abanyafurika benshi bagaragaza ko telefoni igendanwa muri iki gihe ibafatiye runini kuko ibafasha mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi; haba mu kazi ndetse no mu miryango. Gertrude Kitongo, umunyeshuri muri afurika y’epfo, yagize ati « telefoni yanjye nyikoresha ahantu hose, nyikoresha nka radiyo, nk’isomero, aho ndebera filime, nkayikoresha mu kwandikirana ubutumwa, nkamenya amakuru ya banki kandi ikamfasha no guhamagara.» Kitongo avuga ko telefoni ayiha agaciro kuko ngo yamubereye icyambu kimuhuza n’umuryango we uri muri Kenya na uganda ndetse n’inshuti ze biganye muri zimbabwe. Yanavuzeko kubwe yumva telefoni ye ntacyo yayigereranya nacyo kuko imufasha gukurikirana ibikorwa bya konti ye muri banki, akabasha kuba yareba ikiganiro akunda cya Oprah Winfrey kuri inerineti. Peter Lyons, ukorera muri GSMA mu kiganiro yagiranye n’abanyamakuru tariki 9/11/2011 ubwo iyi raporo yasohokaga, yatangaje ko kuba hakiri Abanyafurika benshi badafite uko bakoresha serivise zisanzwe z’amabanki nabyo biri mubyatumye uyu mubare uzamuka. Yanongeyeho ko uko ibikorwa remezo birimo imihanda n’amashanyarazi bikomeza kwiyongera muri Afurika ari nako abakoresha iri koranabuhanga barushaho kwiyongera. Nk’uko ikinyamakuru The Times cyo muri Afrika y’epfo dukesha iyi nkuru kibitangaza ngo, GSMA irakangurira ubuyobozi bw’ibihugu kugerageza kworohereza abaturage kubona ubu buryo bw’itumanaho hagabanywa imisoro ku bicuruzwa bigendanye naryo. Marie Josée Ikibasumba |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/utuntu-n-utundi/Uburayi-bugiye-gukemura-ibibazo-biri-hagati-ya-Apple-na-Samsung | Uburayi bugiye gukemura ibibazo biri hagati ya Apple na Samsung | Izi nganda ziregana kwibana uburenganzira ku bumenyi bwite (droit de la propriété intellectuelle) ku bikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora amatelefone agendanywa. Apple ivuga ko Samsung yayibye bimwe mu bikoresho ndetse n’ubumenyi bwakoreshejwe mu gukora telephone ndetse na mudasobwa ntoya igendanywa (tablet) ya Samsung Glaxy. Ibi byageze kure kuko mu minsi ishize Apple yigeze gusaba ko ibi bikoresho bya Samsung byavanywa ku isoko mu bihugu b’Iburayi. Iyi akaba ari nayo mpamvu nyamukuru yatumye komisiyo yo mu burayi yiyemeza gukora ubushakashatsi kuri icyo kibazo kugira ngo ukuri kujye ahagaragara. Ubu iperereza ryahereye muri Koreya y’amajyepfo aho uruganda rwa Samsung rukomoka. Nk’uko umuhanga mu bijyanye n’uburenganzira ku bumenyi bwite, Florian Mueller, yabitangarije ibiro ntaramakuru by’ubwongereza, ngo si ibyo gusa kuko izo nganda zinafitanye ibibazo ku bijyanye n’uburenganzira bwo gucuruza (droit de licence) ibicuruzwa byabo. Uruganda rwa Apple rukorera mu Amerika, rukaba rukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga byo mu bwoko bwa iPod, iPhone hamwe na iPad. Uru ruganda rwatangiye gukora imirimo yarwo taliki ya mbere Mata 1976 muri Leta ya California, rutangira rwitwa Apple Computer, Inc. ruza guhindurirwa izina rwitwa Apple Inc. taliki ya mbere Mutarama 1977, nyuma y’iminsi mirongo itatu ruvutse. Uruganda rwa Samsung rwo ni urwo muri Koreya y’amajyepfo, rukaba ruhereye mu mujyi wa Samsung ahitwa Seoul. Rwatangiye gukora kuva mu mwaka w’1947. Ubu urwo ruganda rukorana n’izindi nganda 6 zikomeye ku isi. Izo nganda ni Sony, Dell, HP, Verizon Communications, AT&T ndetse na Apple Inc bafitanye ibibazo. Anne Marie Niwemwiza |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mudasobwa/article/umunyafurika-yakoze-mudasobwa-ntoya-izwi-ku-izina-rya-tablet | Umunyafurika yakoze mudasobwa ntoya izwi ku izina rya « Tablet » | Mu kwezi kwa cyenda uyu mwaka nibwo iyo mudasobwa yashyizwe ahagaragara, mu nama y’ibijyanye n’ikorabuhanga rigezweho, yitwa « Africa Web Summit » yaberaga i Brazzaville ho muri Kongo. Ariko muri uku kwezi kwa cumi guhera tariki ya 17 nibwo iyo mudasobwa yatangiye kugera no mu bindi bihugu byo muri Afrika. Ubusanzwe byari bimenyerewe ko ibikoresho by’ikorababuhanga biza muri Afrika ariko byarakorewe mu bihugu byo hanze y’Afrika, cyane cyane mu Burayi, mu Bushinwa, ndetse no muri Amerika. Ariko ngo kuba umunyafrika yaragize igitekerezo cyo gukora mudasobwa byahise bihindura amateka. Gusa ariko ngo n’ubwo iyo mudasobwa yakorewe muri Kongo, yateranyirijwe mu gihugu cy’Ubushinwa. Ngo kubera ko muri Afrika nta bikoresho byo kuyiteranya byari bihari. Mudasobwa ntoya ariko ikora nk’izindi zisanzwe Ubundi mudasobwa ya « Tablet » ngo n’ubwo iba ari ntoya, kuburyo umuntu ashobora kuyitwara mu mufuka w’umwambaro yambaye, ngo ikora nk’izindi mudasobwa zisanzwe. Mu Rwanda naho nk’uko ikoranabuhanga riri gutera imbere izo mudasobwa hari abazitunze. Ingénieur Neza Nice Fabrice ushinzwe ibijyanye na tekinike (Techinque) kuri Radio Salus, asobanurira uko bene izo mudasobwa zikora. Atangira avuga ko « Tablet » ari mudasobwa nto cyane, ijya kungana na telefone zisanzwe cyangwa ikayiruta ho gatoya. Gusa ariko ngo ikikwereka ko ari mudasobwa ngo ni uko nayo ijyamo amaporogaramu (Programmes) akoreshwa n’izindi mudasobwa zisanzwe. Agira ati « iyo mudasobwa ishobora kujyamo za Windows, Linux hari n’izijyamo izo bita Android ». Avuga ko impamvu abantu bashobora kwitiranya iyo mudasobwa na telefone, ari uko hari telefone nazo zishobora kujyamo ayo maporogaramu. Agira ati « Kubera iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga izo porogaramu bagiye bazikoresha mu matelefoni amwe bita smart-phones : nka iPhone, za Blackbelly cyangwa iPad ». Yongeraho ko Tablet iba ari mudasobwa, kandi ngo iba ifite icyo bita « Touch-screen » (Ecran bakoreshamo intoki). Ng’aho kugira ngo wandike ukoresheje « Clavier » nk’izamudasobwa zisanzwe, ukora muri « Screen » cyangwa « Ecran » yayo, ukandika ukoresheje intoki cyangwa ikaramu yabugenewe. Akomeza avuga ko kandi mudasobwa ya « Tablet » itandukanye na Laptop zisanzwe, cyangwa se Laptop ntoya zitwa « Notbook ». Ikindi kandi ngo n’ubwo ari nto cyane, ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora nk’ibyo izindi mudasobwa zikora, hirengagijwe izishobora gukora ibintu byinshi icyarimwe. Ngo kuba rero abahanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga bagenda bakora ibikoresho bitoya umuntu ashobora kugendana aho agiye hose, ngo bifite akamaro.
Agira ati « Uko bagenda babigira bitoya bigenda bifasha buri muntu wese ubifite kubona amakuru ku buryo bworoshye ahantu aho ari ho hose ». Ubundi mudasobwa ntoya izwi ku izina rya Tablet, yabanje gukorwa n’uruganda rwa Microsoft rwo muri Amerika ruzwi ho gukora ibijyanye na za mudasobwa. Urwo ruganda rukaba rwarayikoze mu mwaka wa 2001. Kuva icyo gihe kugeza ubu izindi nganda zagerageje gukora izo mudasobwa, harimo uruganda rwa Apple narwo rukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, rwatangijwe n’umunyamerika Steve Jobs umaze iminsi yitabye Imana. Kuri rwo hiyongera ho uruganda RIM rwo muri Canada ruzwi ho gukora ibijyanye n’itumanaho ndetse n’izindi nganda zizwi mu ikoranabuhanga mu by’itumanaho. Norbert NIYIZURUGERO. |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/internet/article/muhanga-gukoresha-internet-ntibikiri-umwihariko-w-abanyakigali | Muhanga : Gukoresha internet ntibikiri umwihariko w’Abanyakigali | Cyber café Ikaze ni imwe mu nzu z’ubucuruzi bwa internet mu karere ka Muhanga. Ubuyobozi bwayo buvuga ko nubwo bizwi ko i Kigali ariho hari iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ko n’ i Muhanga n’aho abantu baryitabira cyane. Umukozi wa cyber café Ikaze agira ati: « Abakiriya baritabira kugura serivisi ya internet cyane. Dutangira akazi kuva saa moya za mugitondo kugeza saa tatu z’ijoro abakiriya bagihari. Hari abagura iminota nka 15 nibo benshi ariko hari n’abagura isaha imwe kugeza ku masaha agera kuri atatu. » Cyber café Alpha nayo ikorera mu karere ka Muhanga yakira abaguzi ba serivisi ya internet benshi. Umukozi muri iyi cyber avuga ko mu gihe abanyeshuri bo mu mashuri yisumbuye baba bari mu biruhuko ari bwo babona abakiriya benshi. Uyu mukozi agira ati : « Hano i Muhanga abantu bitabira ku bwinshi kugura serivisi ya internet muri za cyber café ku buryo bamwe bahaguruka abandi bicara. Hari abagura igihe kitageze ku isaha ariko kandi hari n’abagura amasaha. Hari igihe ku munsi tubona abakiriya bagera kuri magana atanu.» Abakiriya bavuga ko serivisi ya internet ibafitiye akamaro ariko ko aho iyo serivisi itangirwa hakiri hake.Umwe muri abo ni Rukundo Jean Aimé wiga mu kigo cy’amashuri yisumbuye cya Mutagatifu Yozefu (Saint Joseph) mu mwaka wa gatandatu. Agira ati : « Ubu mba naje kureba utuntu dutandukanye kuri internet ; cyane cyane amakuru. Naje kureba neza amakuru y’urupfu rwa Mouamar Ghadaffi. Hari igihe mwarimu atubwira aderesi twasangaho ibintu bitandukanye. Urumva ko idufasha cyane mu masomo.» Jean Aimé yongeyeho ko hari ikibazo cy’ubuke bw’ama cyber café. Ngo hari igihe aza akicara agategereza ko abandi barangiza gukoresha internet ariko habaye hari cyber nyinshi wasanga hamwe hari abantu benshi ugahita ujya ahandi. Ubu mu karere ka Muhanga hari cyber café eshanu gusa. U Rwanda ruragenda rutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga nkuko bigaragazwa n’ibigo bitandukanye bikora isesengura ku ikoranabuhanga ku isi. Mu mujyi wa Kigali niho higanje ibikorwa by’ikoranabuhanga cyane harimo na internet. Imijyi mito ndetse n’udu santeri tw’ubucuruzi nabyo biri kugenda byitabira ikoreshwa rya internet. Ibi bikaba bigaragarira ku ma cyber café agenda ashingwa. Jean Baptiste Micomyiza |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ubumenyi/article/umuhanga-mu-bya-mudasobwa-steve-jobs-yitabye-imana | Umuhanga mu bya mudasobwa Steve JOBS yitabye imana | Nyakwigendera Steve Jobs wishwe na canseri y’urwagashya yavutse kuwa 24 Gashyantare 1955 yamenyekanye cyane mu mwaka w’ 1976 ubwo we na mugenzi Steve Woziniak bashinze Apple computers. Bazwiho kuba barakoreye mu igarage ry’iwe mu rugo mu gihe bahangaga mudasobwa ya mbere yahawe izina rya Apple. Mu mwaka w’1984 yasohoye mudasobwa ya Macintosh 128k. Mu mwaka w’1998 ku itariki 6 za Gicurasi yongeye gusohora mudasobwa ya (iMac all in one) bivuga ko yari ikubiyemo byose iyi ikaba yaramamaye cyane nka mudasobwa itaruhanije kwimukana. Steve Jobs yongeye kugaragaza cyane ubuhanga bwe kuwa 23 Ukuboza 2001 ubwo yashyiraga ahagarara iPod iyi ikaba ifasha abantu kumva umuziki ko kureba amafilimi, gusa aho ubuhanga bwagaragariye cyane ni mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu kintu gito kandi gifite ubushobozi bwinshi. Vuba aha mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 2010 yahanze ikitwa iPad twagereranya na mudasobwa ntoya kandi ifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Uyu mugabo rero kwitaba imana kwe ni igihombo gikomeye ku bakunzi b’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kuko yari azwiho guhora ahanga udushya. Steve Jobs yitabye imana afite imyaka 56 asize abana batatu, umutungo w’uyu mugabo ubarirwa muri Miliyari zirenga 8 z’amdorari akaba ari mu bakire 50 ba mbere ku isi.
Imana imuhe iruhuko ridashira Byakusanijwe na Mutijima Abu Bernard |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mobayilo/BPR-yatangije-uburyo-bushya-bwo-kohereza-no-kwakira-amafaranga | BPR yatangije uburyo bushya bwo kohereza no kwakira amafaranga | Ubu buryo bushya, bwitwa “IZI Cash” butuma umufatabuguzi wa BPR ukoresha telefone yohereza amafaranga muri serivisi ya mobile money abasha kohereza amafaranga ku wundi muntu wese ufite telefone kabone n’ubwo yaba atari umufatabuguzi w’iyo banki. Richard Ndahiro, ushinzwe kwamamaza no guteza imbere serivisi nshya muri BPR, avuga ko ibijyanye no kohererezanya amafaranga byorohejwe ku buryo igisabwa ari ukuba mwese mufite telefone zigendanwa, ariko uwohereza akaba akoresha BPR mobile money. Yagize ati: “ukoresheje telefone yawe ushobora kohereza amafaranga ku nshuti n’abavandimwe ubundi bagafatira amafaranga yabo kuri ATM ibegereye nta karita bakoresheje”. Uwohererejwe amafaranga abona umubare w’ibanga ndetse n’ingano y’amafaranga yohererejwe, ubundi akajya kuri ATM agafata amafaranga ye.
Ndahiro yagize ati: “uwohererejwe amafaranga yandika umubare w’ibanga ndetse n’ingano y’amafaranga kuri ATM yose imwegereye maze agahabwa amafaranga ye ako kanya”. BPR ifite abakiriya bagera kuri miliyoni 1 n’ibihumbi 400. Ifite amashami agera ku 190 mu gihugu cyose; muri yo akoresha ikoranabuhanga rya interineti ni 144. Ubuyobozi bw’iyi banki buvuga ko bitarenze Kamena 2012, amashami yose azaba akoresha iryo koranabuhanga. Jean Noel Mugabo |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ibindi-bikoresho/Nzeyimana-Isidore-yahimbye-ishyiga-rya-kijyambere-Tekutangije | Nzeyimana Isidore yahimbye ishyiga rya kijyambere: “Tekutangije” | Iyo mbabura rero, ngo ishobora guteka ibintu byinshi inshuro imwe: ibiryo ku mashyiga, inyotse ziba zashyizwe mu ifuru ndetse n’amazi umuntu ashobora gushyushya mu gasiterine. Uretse kuba tekutangije ishobora guteka ibintu bitandukanye icyarimwe, ifite akarusho ko kurondereza inkwi. Tekutangije ifite amashyiga abiri kandi buri shyiga rifite aho bashyira inkwi. Hagati y’amashyiga hari ifuru, naho inyuma y’ibyo byose hakaba agasiterine gashyushya amazi. Nyezimana sobanura buri shyiga rijyamo ingeri 3 za sentimetero 15. Yemeza ko ingeri esheshatu zigahisha inkono enye (ebyiri ku mashyiga, ku ifuru no muri siterine). Ikindi cyiza cya Tekutangije ni uko umutetsi aticwa n’imyotsi kuko ifite uruhombo rurerure rujyana umwotsi kure. Akandi karusho ni uko iri shyiga riba riri kumwe n’ubwogerezo bumwe cyangwa bubiri (2 lavabos) bitewe n’icyifuzo cy’uyishaka hamwe n’ameza yo guteguriraho ibyo guteka. Ibyo byose (imbabura n’ibiyiherekeje) bikoze muri aluminium. Nzeyimana asobanura ko amashyiga akora arimo ibyiciro bitatu bitewe n’ingano y’amazi ashobora gushyushya. Irinini rishobora gushyushya litiro 20 rikaba rigura hagati ya 400000 na 300000. Irikurikiyeho rishobora gushyushya litiro 15 rikagura hagati y’amafaranga 300000 na 250000. Iritoya rishobora gushyushya litiro 10 rikaba rigura hagati y’amafaranga 250000 na 150000. Uretse Tekutangije, Nzeyimana Isidore akora na muvero zifashishwa mu gutekera abanyeshuri, shodiyeri (chaudière) zikora za vaperi (vapeurs), n’ibindi. Intego ye ni ukurengera ibidukikije. Nzayimana ni umwe mu bitabiriye ibiganiro ku bushakashatsi mpuzamahanga mu gukoresha ingufu tubungabunga ibidukikije yateguwe na kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda iherereye mu karere ka Huye. Ibi biganiro byatangiye tariki 16 bikazarangira tariki 18 ugushyingo 2011. Kakunze Alfred |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ubumenyi/article/thomas-suarez-w-imyaka-10-aragera-ikirenge-mu-cya-steve-jobs | Thomas Suarez w’imyaka 10 aragera ikirenge mu cya Steve Jobs | Ubwo bari mu nama yateguwe na TED (Technology Entertainment and Design) muri Manhattan ho muri Amerika, uyu mwana yatunguye benshi ubwo yasobanuriraga imbaga y’abari aho ibijyanye nibyo amaze gukora mu bigendanye n’ikoranabuhanga. Nubwo akiri muto, Thomas Suarez yumva afite inyota yo kuzagera ku bintu bikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga kuko ariho indoto ze ziri. Kugeza ubu amaze gukora applications ebyiri za telephone yo mu bwoko bwa iPhone zitwa Earth Fortune na Bustin Jieber. Izi applications ziraboneka ku rubuga rwa sosiyete Apple ikora amatelefone na mudasobwa. Mu ijambo rye uyu mwana yavuzeko abana benshi bagira ibikinisho cyangwa bakinira kuri interineti ariko bikarangirira aho. We rero ngo kuko akunda ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga yasabye iwabo kumwishyurira ama euro 73 kugirango ajye abasha kohereza ibyo yakoze muri sosiyete ya Apple, bikaba byaranamufashije kwiyigisha wenyine porogarame ya mudasobwa yitwa (Software Development Kit) kandi izo yakoze 2 za iPhone zikaba zimaze kwemerwa. Thomas Suarez, ukunda cyane Steve Jobs washinze sosiyete ya Apple. Ubu nawe amaze gushinga uruganda rucirirtse rwitwa CarrotCorp, ari narwo ateganya gushyiramo club ya Apple aho urubyiruko ruzajya ruza kwigira ibijyanye no gukora amaporogarame ya za mudasobwa. Marie Josee IKIBASUMBA |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mobayilo/article/isoko-rya-telefoni-zigendananwa-ririyongera-cyane-muri-afurika-kurusha-ahandi | Isoko rya telefoni zigendananwa ririyongera cyane muri Afurika kurusha ahandi | Iyi raporo ivuga ko kugeza ubu abantu miliyoni 649 muri Afurika bakoresha telefoni zigendanwa kandi buri myaka itanu abakoresha iri tumanaho muri afurika biyongeraho 20%. Mu mpera z’umwaka utaha wa 2012 bazaba bamaze kugera kuri miliyoni 738. Mu buhamya bwatanzwe na b’Abanyafurika benshi bagaragaza ko telefoni igendanwa muri iki gihe ibafatiye runini kuko ibafasha mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi; haba mu kazi ndetse no mu miryango. Gertrude Kitongo, umunyeshuri muri afurika y’epfo, yagize ati « telefoni yanjye nyikoresha ahantu hose, nyikoresha nka radiyo, nk’isomero, aho ndebera filime, nkayikoresha mu kwandikirana ubutumwa, nkamenya amakuru ya banki kandi ikamfasha no guhamagara.» Kitongo avuga ko telefoni ayiha agaciro kuko ngo yamubereye icyambu kimuhuza n’umuryango we uri muri Kenya na uganda ndetse n’inshuti ze biganye muri zimbabwe. Yanavuzeko kubwe yumva telefoni ye ntacyo yayigereranya nacyo kuko imufasha gukurikirana ibikorwa bya konti ye muri banki, akabasha kuba yareba ikiganiro akunda cya Oprah Winfrey kuri inerineti. Peter Lyons, ukorera muri GSMA mu kiganiro yagiranye n’abanyamakuru tariki 9/11/2011 ubwo iyi raporo yasohokaga, yatangaje ko kuba hakiri Abanyafurika benshi badafite uko bakoresha serivise zisanzwe z’amabanki nabyo biri mubyatumye uyu mubare uzamuka. Yanongeyeho ko uko ibikorwa remezo birimo imihanda n’amashanyarazi bikomeza kwiyongera muri Afurika ari nako abakoresha iri koranabuhanga barushaho kwiyongera. Nk’uko ikinyamakuru The Times cyo muri Afrika y’epfo dukesha iyi nkuru kibitangaza ngo, GSMA irakangurira ubuyobozi bw’ibihugu kugerageza kworohereza abaturage kubona ubu buryo bw’itumanaho hagabanywa imisoro ku bicuruzwa bigendanye naryo. Marie Josée Ikibasumba |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/utuntu-n-utundi/Uburayi-bugiye-gukemura-ibibazo-biri-hagati-ya-Apple-na-Samsung | Uburayi bugiye gukemura ibibazo biri hagati ya Apple na Samsung | Izi nganda ziregana kwibana uburenganzira ku bumenyi bwite (droit de la propriété intellectuelle) ku bikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora amatelefone agendanywa. Apple ivuga ko Samsung yayibye bimwe mu bikoresho ndetse n’ubumenyi bwakoreshejwe mu gukora telephone ndetse na mudasobwa ntoya igendanywa (tablet) ya Samsung Glaxy. Ibi byageze kure kuko mu minsi ishize Apple yigeze gusaba ko ibi bikoresho bya Samsung byavanywa ku isoko mu bihugu b’Iburayi. Iyi akaba ari nayo mpamvu nyamukuru yatumye komisiyo yo mu burayi yiyemeza gukora ubushakashatsi kuri icyo kibazo kugira ngo ukuri kujye ahagaragara. Ubu iperereza ryahereye muri Koreya y’amajyepfo aho uruganda rwa Samsung rukomoka. Nk’uko umuhanga mu bijyanye n’uburenganzira ku bumenyi bwite, Florian Mueller, yabitangarije ibiro ntaramakuru by’ubwongereza, ngo si ibyo gusa kuko izo nganda zinafitanye ibibazo ku bijyanye n’uburenganzira bwo gucuruza (droit de licence) ibicuruzwa byabo. Uruganda rwa Apple rukorera mu Amerika, rukaba rukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga byo mu bwoko bwa iPod, iPhone hamwe na iPad. Uru ruganda rwatangiye gukora imirimo yarwo taliki ya mbere Mata 1976 muri Leta ya California, rutangira rwitwa Apple Computer, Inc. ruza guhindurirwa izina rwitwa Apple Inc. taliki ya mbere Mutarama 1977, nyuma y’iminsi mirongo itatu ruvutse. Uruganda rwa Samsung rwo ni urwo muri Koreya y’amajyepfo, rukaba ruhereye mu mujyi wa Samsung ahitwa Seoul. Rwatangiye gukora kuva mu mwaka w’1947. Ubu urwo ruganda rukorana n’izindi nganda 6 zikomeye ku isi. Izo nganda ni Sony, Dell, HP, Verizon Communications, AT&T ndetse na Apple Inc bafitanye ibibazo. Anne Marie Niwemwiza |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mudasobwa/article/umunyafurika-yakoze-mudasobwa-ntoya-izwi-ku-izina-rya-tablet | Umunyafurika yakoze mudasobwa ntoya izwi ku izina rya « Tablet » | Mu kwezi kwa cyenda uyu mwaka nibwo iyo mudasobwa yashyizwe ahagaragara, mu nama y’ibijyanye n’ikorabuhanga rigezweho, yitwa « Africa Web Summit » yaberaga i Brazzaville ho muri Kongo. Ariko muri uku kwezi kwa cumi guhera tariki ya 17 nibwo iyo mudasobwa yatangiye kugera no mu bindi bihugu byo muri Afrika. Ubusanzwe byari bimenyerewe ko ibikoresho by’ikorababuhanga biza muri Afrika ariko byarakorewe mu bihugu byo hanze y’Afrika, cyane cyane mu Burayi, mu Bushinwa, ndetse no muri Amerika. Ariko ngo kuba umunyafrika yaragize igitekerezo cyo gukora mudasobwa byahise bihindura amateka. Gusa ariko ngo n’ubwo iyo mudasobwa yakorewe muri Kongo, yateranyirijwe mu gihugu cy’Ubushinwa. Ngo kubera ko muri Afrika nta bikoresho byo kuyiteranya byari bihari. Mudasobwa ntoya ariko ikora nk’izindi zisanzwe Ubundi mudasobwa ya « Tablet » ngo n’ubwo iba ari ntoya, kuburyo umuntu ashobora kuyitwara mu mufuka w’umwambaro yambaye, ngo ikora nk’izindi mudasobwa zisanzwe. Mu Rwanda naho nk’uko ikoranabuhanga riri gutera imbere izo mudasobwa hari abazitunze. Ingénieur Neza Nice Fabrice ushinzwe ibijyanye na tekinike (Techinque) kuri Radio Salus, asobanurira uko bene izo mudasobwa zikora. Atangira avuga ko « Tablet » ari mudasobwa nto cyane, ijya kungana na telefone zisanzwe cyangwa ikayiruta ho gatoya. Gusa ariko ngo ikikwereka ko ari mudasobwa ngo ni uko nayo ijyamo amaporogaramu (Programmes) akoreshwa n’izindi mudasobwa zisanzwe. Agira ati « iyo mudasobwa ishobora kujyamo za Windows, Linux hari n’izijyamo izo bita Android ». Avuga ko impamvu abantu bashobora kwitiranya iyo mudasobwa na telefone, ari uko hari telefone nazo zishobora kujyamo ayo maporogaramu. Agira ati « Kubera iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga izo porogaramu bagiye bazikoresha mu matelefoni amwe bita smart-phones : nka iPhone, za Blackbelly cyangwa iPad ». Yongeraho ko Tablet iba ari mudasobwa, kandi ngo iba ifite icyo bita « Touch-screen » (Ecran bakoreshamo intoki). Ng’aho kugira ngo wandike ukoresheje « Clavier » nk’izamudasobwa zisanzwe, ukora muri « Screen » cyangwa « Ecran » yayo, ukandika ukoresheje intoki cyangwa ikaramu yabugenewe. Akomeza avuga ko kandi mudasobwa ya « Tablet » itandukanye na Laptop zisanzwe, cyangwa se Laptop ntoya zitwa « Notbook ». Ikindi kandi ngo n’ubwo ari nto cyane, ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora nk’ibyo izindi mudasobwa zikora, hirengagijwe izishobora gukora ibintu byinshi icyarimwe. Ngo kuba rero abahanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga bagenda bakora ibikoresho bitoya umuntu ashobora kugendana aho agiye hose, ngo bifite akamaro.
Agira ati « Uko bagenda babigira bitoya bigenda bifasha buri muntu wese ubifite kubona amakuru ku buryo bworoshye ahantu aho ari ho hose ». Ubundi mudasobwa ntoya izwi ku izina rya Tablet, yabanje gukorwa n’uruganda rwa Microsoft rwo muri Amerika ruzwi ho gukora ibijyanye na za mudasobwa. Urwo ruganda rukaba rwarayikoze mu mwaka wa 2001. Kuva icyo gihe kugeza ubu izindi nganda zagerageje gukora izo mudasobwa, harimo uruganda rwa Apple narwo rukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, rwatangijwe n’umunyamerika Steve Jobs umaze iminsi yitabye Imana. Kuri rwo hiyongera ho uruganda RIM rwo muri Canada ruzwi ho gukora ibijyanye n’itumanaho ndetse n’izindi nganda zizwi mu ikoranabuhanga mu by’itumanaho. Norbert NIYIZURUGERO. |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/internet/article/muhanga-gukoresha-internet-ntibikiri-umwihariko-w-abanyakigali | Muhanga : Gukoresha internet ntibikiri umwihariko w’Abanyakigali | Cyber café Ikaze ni imwe mu nzu z’ubucuruzi bwa internet mu karere ka Muhanga. Ubuyobozi bwayo buvuga ko nubwo bizwi ko i Kigali ariho hari iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ko n’ i Muhanga n’aho abantu baryitabira cyane. Umukozi wa cyber café Ikaze agira ati: « Abakiriya baritabira kugura serivisi ya internet cyane. Dutangira akazi kuva saa moya za mugitondo kugeza saa tatu z’ijoro abakiriya bagihari. Hari abagura iminota nka 15 nibo benshi ariko hari n’abagura isaha imwe kugeza ku masaha agera kuri atatu. » Cyber café Alpha nayo ikorera mu karere ka Muhanga yakira abaguzi ba serivisi ya internet benshi. Umukozi muri iyi cyber avuga ko mu gihe abanyeshuri bo mu mashuri yisumbuye baba bari mu biruhuko ari bwo babona abakiriya benshi. Uyu mukozi agira ati : « Hano i Muhanga abantu bitabira ku bwinshi kugura serivisi ya internet muri za cyber café ku buryo bamwe bahaguruka abandi bicara. Hari abagura igihe kitageze ku isaha ariko kandi hari n’abagura amasaha. Hari igihe ku munsi tubona abakiriya bagera kuri magana atanu.» Abakiriya bavuga ko serivisi ya internet ibafitiye akamaro ariko ko aho iyo serivisi itangirwa hakiri hake.Umwe muri abo ni Rukundo Jean Aimé wiga mu kigo cy’amashuri yisumbuye cya Mutagatifu Yozefu (Saint Joseph) mu mwaka wa gatandatu. Agira ati : « Ubu mba naje kureba utuntu dutandukanye kuri internet ; cyane cyane amakuru. Naje kureba neza amakuru y’urupfu rwa Mouamar Ghadaffi. Hari igihe mwarimu atubwira aderesi twasangaho ibintu bitandukanye. Urumva ko idufasha cyane mu masomo.» Jean Aimé yongeyeho ko hari ikibazo cy’ubuke bw’ama cyber café. Ngo hari igihe aza akicara agategereza ko abandi barangiza gukoresha internet ariko habaye hari cyber nyinshi wasanga hamwe hari abantu benshi ugahita ujya ahandi. Ubu mu karere ka Muhanga hari cyber café eshanu gusa. U Rwanda ruragenda rutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga nkuko bigaragazwa n’ibigo bitandukanye bikora isesengura ku ikoranabuhanga ku isi. Mu mujyi wa Kigali niho higanje ibikorwa by’ikoranabuhanga cyane harimo na internet. Imijyi mito ndetse n’udu santeri tw’ubucuruzi nabyo biri kugenda byitabira ikoreshwa rya internet. Ibi bikaba bigaragarira ku ma cyber café agenda ashingwa. Jean Baptiste Micomyiza |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ubumenyi/article/umuhanga-mu-bya-mudasobwa-steve-jobs-yitabye-imana | Umuhanga mu bya mudasobwa Steve JOBS yitabye imana | Nyakwigendera Steve Jobs wishwe na canseri y’urwagashya yavutse kuwa 24 Gashyantare 1955 yamenyekanye cyane mu mwaka w’ 1976 ubwo we na mugenzi Steve Woziniak bashinze Apple computers. Bazwiho kuba barakoreye mu igarage ry’iwe mu rugo mu gihe bahangaga mudasobwa ya mbere yahawe izina rya Apple. Mu mwaka w’1984 yasohoye mudasobwa ya Macintosh 128k. Mu mwaka w’1998 ku itariki 6 za Gicurasi yongeye gusohora mudasobwa ya (iMac all in one) bivuga ko yari ikubiyemo byose iyi ikaba yaramamaye cyane nka mudasobwa itaruhanije kwimukana. Steve Jobs yongeye kugaragaza cyane ubuhanga bwe kuwa 23 Ukuboza 2001 ubwo yashyiraga ahagarara iPod iyi ikaba ifasha abantu kumva umuziki ko kureba amafilimi, gusa aho ubuhanga bwagaragariye cyane ni mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu kintu gito kandi gifite ubushobozi bwinshi. Vuba aha mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 2010 yahanze ikitwa iPad twagereranya na mudasobwa ntoya kandi ifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Uyu mugabo rero kwitaba imana kwe ni igihombo gikomeye ku bakunzi b’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kuko yari azwiho guhora ahanga udushya. Steve Jobs yitabye imana afite imyaka 56 asize abana batatu, umutungo w’uyu mugabo ubarirwa muri Miliyari zirenga 8 z’amdorari akaba ari mu bakire 50 ba mbere ku isi.
Imana imuhe iruhuko ridashira Byakusanijwe na Mutijima Abu Bernard |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mobayilo/BPR-yatangije-uburyo-bushya-bwo-kohereza-no-kwakira-amafaranga | BPR yatangije uburyo bushya bwo kohereza no kwakira amafaranga | Ubu buryo bushya, bwitwa “IZI Cash” butuma umufatabuguzi wa BPR ukoresha telefone yohereza amafaranga muri serivisi ya mobile money abasha kohereza amafaranga ku wundi muntu wese ufite telefone kabone n’ubwo yaba atari umufatabuguzi w’iyo banki. Richard Ndahiro, ushinzwe kwamamaza no guteza imbere serivisi nshya muri BPR, avuga ko ibijyanye no kohererezanya amafaranga byorohejwe ku buryo igisabwa ari ukuba mwese mufite telefone zigendanwa, ariko uwohereza akaba akoresha BPR mobile money. Yagize ati: “ukoresheje telefone yawe ushobora kohereza amafaranga ku nshuti n’abavandimwe ubundi bagafatira amafaranga yabo kuri ATM ibegereye nta karita bakoresheje”. Uwohererejwe amafaranga abona umubare w’ibanga ndetse n’ingano y’amafaranga yohererejwe, ubundi akajya kuri ATM agafata amafaranga ye.
Ndahiro yagize ati: “uwohererejwe amafaranga yandika umubare w’ibanga ndetse n’ingano y’amafaranga kuri ATM yose imwegereye maze agahabwa amafaranga ye ako kanya”. BPR ifite abakiriya bagera kuri miliyoni 1 n’ibihumbi 400. Ifite amashami agera ku 190 mu gihugu cyose; muri yo akoresha ikoranabuhanga rya interineti ni 144. Ubuyobozi bw’iyi banki buvuga ko bitarenze Kamena 2012, amashami yose azaba akoresha iryo koranabuhanga. Jean Noel Mugabo |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ibindi-bikoresho/Nzeyimana-Isidore-yahimbye-ishyiga-rya-kijyambere-Tekutangije | Nzeyimana Isidore yahimbye ishyiga rya kijyambere: “Tekutangije” | Iyo mbabura rero, ngo ishobora guteka ibintu byinshi inshuro imwe: ibiryo ku mashyiga, inyotse ziba zashyizwe mu ifuru ndetse n’amazi umuntu ashobora gushyushya mu gasiterine. Uretse kuba tekutangije ishobora guteka ibintu bitandukanye icyarimwe, ifite akarusho ko kurondereza inkwi. Tekutangije ifite amashyiga abiri kandi buri shyiga rifite aho bashyira inkwi. Hagati y’amashyiga hari ifuru, naho inyuma y’ibyo byose hakaba agasiterine gashyushya amazi. Nyezimana sobanura buri shyiga rijyamo ingeri 3 za sentimetero 15. Yemeza ko ingeri esheshatu zigahisha inkono enye (ebyiri ku mashyiga, ku ifuru no muri siterine). Ikindi cyiza cya Tekutangije ni uko umutetsi aticwa n’imyotsi kuko ifite uruhombo rurerure rujyana umwotsi kure. Akandi karusho ni uko iri shyiga riba riri kumwe n’ubwogerezo bumwe cyangwa bubiri (2 lavabos) bitewe n’icyifuzo cy’uyishaka hamwe n’ameza yo guteguriraho ibyo guteka. Ibyo byose (imbabura n’ibiyiherekeje) bikoze muri aluminium. Nzeyimana asobanura ko amashyiga akora arimo ibyiciro bitatu bitewe n’ingano y’amazi ashobora gushyushya. Irinini rishobora gushyushya litiro 20 rikaba rigura hagati ya 400000 na 300000. Irikurikiyeho rishobora gushyushya litiro 15 rikagura hagati y’amafaranga 300000 na 250000. Iritoya rishobora gushyushya litiro 10 rikaba rigura hagati y’amafaranga 250000 na 150000. Uretse Tekutangije, Nzeyimana Isidore akora na muvero zifashishwa mu gutekera abanyeshuri, shodiyeri (chaudière) zikora za vaperi (vapeurs), n’ibindi. Intego ye ni ukurengera ibidukikije. Nzayimana ni umwe mu bitabiriye ibiganiro ku bushakashatsi mpuzamahanga mu gukoresha ingufu tubungabunga ibidukikije yateguwe na kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda iherereye mu karere ka Huye. Ibi biganiro byatangiye tariki 16 bikazarangira tariki 18 ugushyingo 2011. Kakunze Alfred |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ubumenyi/article/thomas-suarez-w-imyaka-10-aragera-ikirenge-mu-cya-steve-jobs | Thomas Suarez w’imyaka 10 aragera ikirenge mu cya Steve Jobs | Ubwo bari mu nama yateguwe na TED (Technology Entertainment and Design) muri Manhattan ho muri Amerika, uyu mwana yatunguye benshi ubwo yasobanuriraga imbaga y’abari aho ibijyanye nibyo amaze gukora mu bigendanye n’ikoranabuhanga. Nubwo akiri muto, Thomas Suarez yumva afite inyota yo kuzagera ku bintu bikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga kuko ariho indoto ze ziri. Kugeza ubu amaze gukora applications ebyiri za telephone yo mu bwoko bwa iPhone zitwa Earth Fortune na Bustin Jieber. Izi applications ziraboneka ku rubuga rwa sosiyete Apple ikora amatelefone na mudasobwa. Mu ijambo rye uyu mwana yavuzeko abana benshi bagira ibikinisho cyangwa bakinira kuri interineti ariko bikarangirira aho. We rero ngo kuko akunda ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga yasabye iwabo kumwishyurira ama euro 73 kugirango ajye abasha kohereza ibyo yakoze muri sosiyete ya Apple, bikaba byaranamufashije kwiyigisha wenyine porogarame ya mudasobwa yitwa (Software Development Kit) kandi izo yakoze 2 za iPhone zikaba zimaze kwemerwa. Thomas Suarez, ukunda cyane Steve Jobs washinze sosiyete ya Apple. Ubu nawe amaze gushinga uruganda rucirirtse rwitwa CarrotCorp, ari narwo ateganya gushyiramo club ya Apple aho urubyiruko ruzajya ruza kwigira ibijyanye no gukora amaporogarame ya za mudasobwa. Marie Josee IKIBASUMBA |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mobayilo/article/isoko-rya-telefoni-zigendananwa-ririyongera-cyane-muri-afurika-kurusha-ahandi | Isoko rya telefoni zigendananwa ririyongera cyane muri Afurika kurusha ahandi | Iyi raporo ivuga ko kugeza ubu abantu miliyoni 649 muri Afurika bakoresha telefoni zigendanwa kandi buri myaka itanu abakoresha iri tumanaho muri afurika biyongeraho 20%. Mu mpera z’umwaka utaha wa 2012 bazaba bamaze kugera kuri miliyoni 738. Mu buhamya bwatanzwe na b’Abanyafurika benshi bagaragaza ko telefoni igendanwa muri iki gihe ibafatiye runini kuko ibafasha mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi; haba mu kazi ndetse no mu miryango. Gertrude Kitongo, umunyeshuri muri afurika y’epfo, yagize ati « telefoni yanjye nyikoresha ahantu hose, nyikoresha nka radiyo, nk’isomero, aho ndebera filime, nkayikoresha mu kwandikirana ubutumwa, nkamenya amakuru ya banki kandi ikamfasha no guhamagara.» Kitongo avuga ko telefoni ayiha agaciro kuko ngo yamubereye icyambu kimuhuza n’umuryango we uri muri Kenya na uganda ndetse n’inshuti ze biganye muri zimbabwe. Yanavuzeko kubwe yumva telefoni ye ntacyo yayigereranya nacyo kuko imufasha gukurikirana ibikorwa bya konti ye muri banki, akabasha kuba yareba ikiganiro akunda cya Oprah Winfrey kuri inerineti. Peter Lyons, ukorera muri GSMA mu kiganiro yagiranye n’abanyamakuru tariki 9/11/2011 ubwo iyi raporo yasohokaga, yatangaje ko kuba hakiri Abanyafurika benshi badafite uko bakoresha serivise zisanzwe z’amabanki nabyo biri mubyatumye uyu mubare uzamuka. Yanongeyeho ko uko ibikorwa remezo birimo imihanda n’amashanyarazi bikomeza kwiyongera muri Afurika ari nako abakoresha iri koranabuhanga barushaho kwiyongera. Nk’uko ikinyamakuru The Times cyo muri Afrika y’epfo dukesha iyi nkuru kibitangaza ngo, GSMA irakangurira ubuyobozi bw’ibihugu kugerageza kworohereza abaturage kubona ubu buryo bw’itumanaho hagabanywa imisoro ku bicuruzwa bigendanye naryo. Marie Josée Ikibasumba |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/utuntu-n-utundi/Uburayi-bugiye-gukemura-ibibazo-biri-hagati-ya-Apple-na-Samsung | Uburayi bugiye gukemura ibibazo biri hagati ya Apple na Samsung | Izi nganda ziregana kwibana uburenganzira ku bumenyi bwite (droit de la propriété intellectuelle) ku bikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora amatelefone agendanywa. Apple ivuga ko Samsung yayibye bimwe mu bikoresho ndetse n’ubumenyi bwakoreshejwe mu gukora telephone ndetse na mudasobwa ntoya igendanywa (tablet) ya Samsung Glaxy. Ibi byageze kure kuko mu minsi ishize Apple yigeze gusaba ko ibi bikoresho bya Samsung byavanywa ku isoko mu bihugu b’Iburayi. Iyi akaba ari nayo mpamvu nyamukuru yatumye komisiyo yo mu burayi yiyemeza gukora ubushakashatsi kuri icyo kibazo kugira ngo ukuri kujye ahagaragara. Ubu iperereza ryahereye muri Koreya y’amajyepfo aho uruganda rwa Samsung rukomoka. Nk’uko umuhanga mu bijyanye n’uburenganzira ku bumenyi bwite, Florian Mueller, yabitangarije ibiro ntaramakuru by’ubwongereza, ngo si ibyo gusa kuko izo nganda zinafitanye ibibazo ku bijyanye n’uburenganzira bwo gucuruza (droit de licence) ibicuruzwa byabo. Uruganda rwa Apple rukorera mu Amerika, rukaba rukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga byo mu bwoko bwa iPod, iPhone hamwe na iPad. Uru ruganda rwatangiye gukora imirimo yarwo taliki ya mbere Mata 1976 muri Leta ya California, rutangira rwitwa Apple Computer, Inc. ruza guhindurirwa izina rwitwa Apple Inc. taliki ya mbere Mutarama 1977, nyuma y’iminsi mirongo itatu ruvutse. Uruganda rwa Samsung rwo ni urwo muri Koreya y’amajyepfo, rukaba ruhereye mu mujyi wa Samsung ahitwa Seoul. Rwatangiye gukora kuva mu mwaka w’1947. Ubu urwo ruganda rukorana n’izindi nganda 6 zikomeye ku isi. Izo nganda ni Sony, Dell, HP, Verizon Communications, AT&T ndetse na Apple Inc bafitanye ibibazo. Anne Marie Niwemwiza |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mudasobwa/article/umunyafurika-yakoze-mudasobwa-ntoya-izwi-ku-izina-rya-tablet | Umunyafurika yakoze mudasobwa ntoya izwi ku izina rya « Tablet » | Mu kwezi kwa cyenda uyu mwaka nibwo iyo mudasobwa yashyizwe ahagaragara, mu nama y’ibijyanye n’ikorabuhanga rigezweho, yitwa « Africa Web Summit » yaberaga i Brazzaville ho muri Kongo. Ariko muri uku kwezi kwa cumi guhera tariki ya 17 nibwo iyo mudasobwa yatangiye kugera no mu bindi bihugu byo muri Afrika. Ubusanzwe byari bimenyerewe ko ibikoresho by’ikorababuhanga biza muri Afrika ariko byarakorewe mu bihugu byo hanze y’Afrika, cyane cyane mu Burayi, mu Bushinwa, ndetse no muri Amerika. Ariko ngo kuba umunyafrika yaragize igitekerezo cyo gukora mudasobwa byahise bihindura amateka. Gusa ariko ngo n’ubwo iyo mudasobwa yakorewe muri Kongo, yateranyirijwe mu gihugu cy’Ubushinwa. Ngo kubera ko muri Afrika nta bikoresho byo kuyiteranya byari bihari. Mudasobwa ntoya ariko ikora nk’izindi zisanzwe Ubundi mudasobwa ya « Tablet » ngo n’ubwo iba ari ntoya, kuburyo umuntu ashobora kuyitwara mu mufuka w’umwambaro yambaye, ngo ikora nk’izindi mudasobwa zisanzwe. Mu Rwanda naho nk’uko ikoranabuhanga riri gutera imbere izo mudasobwa hari abazitunze. Ingénieur Neza Nice Fabrice ushinzwe ibijyanye na tekinike (Techinque) kuri Radio Salus, asobanurira uko bene izo mudasobwa zikora. Atangira avuga ko « Tablet » ari mudasobwa nto cyane, ijya kungana na telefone zisanzwe cyangwa ikayiruta ho gatoya. Gusa ariko ngo ikikwereka ko ari mudasobwa ngo ni uko nayo ijyamo amaporogaramu (Programmes) akoreshwa n’izindi mudasobwa zisanzwe. Agira ati « iyo mudasobwa ishobora kujyamo za Windows, Linux hari n’izijyamo izo bita Android ». Avuga ko impamvu abantu bashobora kwitiranya iyo mudasobwa na telefone, ari uko hari telefone nazo zishobora kujyamo ayo maporogaramu. Agira ati « Kubera iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga izo porogaramu bagiye bazikoresha mu matelefoni amwe bita smart-phones : nka iPhone, za Blackbelly cyangwa iPad ». Yongeraho ko Tablet iba ari mudasobwa, kandi ngo iba ifite icyo bita « Touch-screen » (Ecran bakoreshamo intoki). Ng’aho kugira ngo wandike ukoresheje « Clavier » nk’izamudasobwa zisanzwe, ukora muri « Screen » cyangwa « Ecran » yayo, ukandika ukoresheje intoki cyangwa ikaramu yabugenewe. Akomeza avuga ko kandi mudasobwa ya « Tablet » itandukanye na Laptop zisanzwe, cyangwa se Laptop ntoya zitwa « Notbook ». Ikindi kandi ngo n’ubwo ari nto cyane, ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora nk’ibyo izindi mudasobwa zikora, hirengagijwe izishobora gukora ibintu byinshi icyarimwe. Ngo kuba rero abahanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga bagenda bakora ibikoresho bitoya umuntu ashobora kugendana aho agiye hose, ngo bifite akamaro.
Agira ati « Uko bagenda babigira bitoya bigenda bifasha buri muntu wese ubifite kubona amakuru ku buryo bworoshye ahantu aho ari ho hose ». Ubundi mudasobwa ntoya izwi ku izina rya Tablet, yabanje gukorwa n’uruganda rwa Microsoft rwo muri Amerika ruzwi ho gukora ibijyanye na za mudasobwa. Urwo ruganda rukaba rwarayikoze mu mwaka wa 2001. Kuva icyo gihe kugeza ubu izindi nganda zagerageje gukora izo mudasobwa, harimo uruganda rwa Apple narwo rukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, rwatangijwe n’umunyamerika Steve Jobs umaze iminsi yitabye Imana. Kuri rwo hiyongera ho uruganda RIM rwo muri Canada ruzwi ho gukora ibijyanye n’itumanaho ndetse n’izindi nganda zizwi mu ikoranabuhanga mu by’itumanaho. Norbert NIYIZURUGERO. |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/internet/article/muhanga-gukoresha-internet-ntibikiri-umwihariko-w-abanyakigali | Muhanga : Gukoresha internet ntibikiri umwihariko w’Abanyakigali | Cyber café Ikaze ni imwe mu nzu z’ubucuruzi bwa internet mu karere ka Muhanga. Ubuyobozi bwayo buvuga ko nubwo bizwi ko i Kigali ariho hari iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ko n’ i Muhanga n’aho abantu baryitabira cyane. Umukozi wa cyber café Ikaze agira ati: « Abakiriya baritabira kugura serivisi ya internet cyane. Dutangira akazi kuva saa moya za mugitondo kugeza saa tatu z’ijoro abakiriya bagihari. Hari abagura iminota nka 15 nibo benshi ariko hari n’abagura isaha imwe kugeza ku masaha agera kuri atatu. » Cyber café Alpha nayo ikorera mu karere ka Muhanga yakira abaguzi ba serivisi ya internet benshi. Umukozi muri iyi cyber avuga ko mu gihe abanyeshuri bo mu mashuri yisumbuye baba bari mu biruhuko ari bwo babona abakiriya benshi. Uyu mukozi agira ati : « Hano i Muhanga abantu bitabira ku bwinshi kugura serivisi ya internet muri za cyber café ku buryo bamwe bahaguruka abandi bicara. Hari abagura igihe kitageze ku isaha ariko kandi hari n’abagura amasaha. Hari igihe ku munsi tubona abakiriya bagera kuri magana atanu.» Abakiriya bavuga ko serivisi ya internet ibafitiye akamaro ariko ko aho iyo serivisi itangirwa hakiri hake.Umwe muri abo ni Rukundo Jean Aimé wiga mu kigo cy’amashuri yisumbuye cya Mutagatifu Yozefu (Saint Joseph) mu mwaka wa gatandatu. Agira ati : « Ubu mba naje kureba utuntu dutandukanye kuri internet ; cyane cyane amakuru. Naje kureba neza amakuru y’urupfu rwa Mouamar Ghadaffi. Hari igihe mwarimu atubwira aderesi twasangaho ibintu bitandukanye. Urumva ko idufasha cyane mu masomo.» Jean Aimé yongeyeho ko hari ikibazo cy’ubuke bw’ama cyber café. Ngo hari igihe aza akicara agategereza ko abandi barangiza gukoresha internet ariko habaye hari cyber nyinshi wasanga hamwe hari abantu benshi ugahita ujya ahandi. Ubu mu karere ka Muhanga hari cyber café eshanu gusa. U Rwanda ruragenda rutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga nkuko bigaragazwa n’ibigo bitandukanye bikora isesengura ku ikoranabuhanga ku isi. Mu mujyi wa Kigali niho higanje ibikorwa by’ikoranabuhanga cyane harimo na internet. Imijyi mito ndetse n’udu santeri tw’ubucuruzi nabyo biri kugenda byitabira ikoreshwa rya internet. Ibi bikaba bigaragarira ku ma cyber café agenda ashingwa. Jean Baptiste Micomyiza |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ubumenyi/article/umuhanga-mu-bya-mudasobwa-steve-jobs-yitabye-imana | Umuhanga mu bya mudasobwa Steve JOBS yitabye imana | Nyakwigendera Steve Jobs wishwe na canseri y’urwagashya yavutse kuwa 24 Gashyantare 1955 yamenyekanye cyane mu mwaka w’ 1976 ubwo we na mugenzi Steve Woziniak bashinze Apple computers. Bazwiho kuba barakoreye mu igarage ry’iwe mu rugo mu gihe bahangaga mudasobwa ya mbere yahawe izina rya Apple. Mu mwaka w’1984 yasohoye mudasobwa ya Macintosh 128k. Mu mwaka w’1998 ku itariki 6 za Gicurasi yongeye gusohora mudasobwa ya (iMac all in one) bivuga ko yari ikubiyemo byose iyi ikaba yaramamaye cyane nka mudasobwa itaruhanije kwimukana. Steve Jobs yongeye kugaragaza cyane ubuhanga bwe kuwa 23 Ukuboza 2001 ubwo yashyiraga ahagarara iPod iyi ikaba ifasha abantu kumva umuziki ko kureba amafilimi, gusa aho ubuhanga bwagaragariye cyane ni mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu kintu gito kandi gifite ubushobozi bwinshi. Vuba aha mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 2010 yahanze ikitwa iPad twagereranya na mudasobwa ntoya kandi ifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Uyu mugabo rero kwitaba imana kwe ni igihombo gikomeye ku bakunzi b’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kuko yari azwiho guhora ahanga udushya. Steve Jobs yitabye imana afite imyaka 56 asize abana batatu, umutungo w’uyu mugabo ubarirwa muri Miliyari zirenga 8 z’amdorari akaba ari mu bakire 50 ba mbere ku isi.
Imana imuhe iruhuko ridashira Byakusanijwe na Mutijima Abu Bernard |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mobayilo/BPR-yatangije-uburyo-bushya-bwo-kohereza-no-kwakira-amafaranga | BPR yatangije uburyo bushya bwo kohereza no kwakira amafaranga | Ubu buryo bushya, bwitwa “IZI Cash” butuma umufatabuguzi wa BPR ukoresha telefone yohereza amafaranga muri serivisi ya mobile money abasha kohereza amafaranga ku wundi muntu wese ufite telefone kabone n’ubwo yaba atari umufatabuguzi w’iyo banki. Richard Ndahiro, ushinzwe kwamamaza no guteza imbere serivisi nshya muri BPR, avuga ko ibijyanye no kohererezanya amafaranga byorohejwe ku buryo igisabwa ari ukuba mwese mufite telefone zigendanwa, ariko uwohereza akaba akoresha BPR mobile money. Yagize ati: “ukoresheje telefone yawe ushobora kohereza amafaranga ku nshuti n’abavandimwe ubundi bagafatira amafaranga yabo kuri ATM ibegereye nta karita bakoresheje”. Uwohererejwe amafaranga abona umubare w’ibanga ndetse n’ingano y’amafaranga yohererejwe, ubundi akajya kuri ATM agafata amafaranga ye.
Ndahiro yagize ati: “uwohererejwe amafaranga yandika umubare w’ibanga ndetse n’ingano y’amafaranga kuri ATM yose imwegereye maze agahabwa amafaranga ye ako kanya”. BPR ifite abakiriya bagera kuri miliyoni 1 n’ibihumbi 400. Ifite amashami agera ku 190 mu gihugu cyose; muri yo akoresha ikoranabuhanga rya interineti ni 144. Ubuyobozi bw’iyi banki buvuga ko bitarenze Kamena 2012, amashami yose azaba akoresha iryo koranabuhanga. Jean Noel Mugabo |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ibindi-bikoresho/Nzeyimana-Isidore-yahimbye-ishyiga-rya-kijyambere-Tekutangije | Nzeyimana Isidore yahimbye ishyiga rya kijyambere: “Tekutangije” | Iyo mbabura rero, ngo ishobora guteka ibintu byinshi inshuro imwe: ibiryo ku mashyiga, inyotse ziba zashyizwe mu ifuru ndetse n’amazi umuntu ashobora gushyushya mu gasiterine. Uretse kuba tekutangije ishobora guteka ibintu bitandukanye icyarimwe, ifite akarusho ko kurondereza inkwi. Tekutangije ifite amashyiga abiri kandi buri shyiga rifite aho bashyira inkwi. Hagati y’amashyiga hari ifuru, naho inyuma y’ibyo byose hakaba agasiterine gashyushya amazi. Nyezimana sobanura buri shyiga rijyamo ingeri 3 za sentimetero 15. Yemeza ko ingeri esheshatu zigahisha inkono enye (ebyiri ku mashyiga, ku ifuru no muri siterine). Ikindi cyiza cya Tekutangije ni uko umutetsi aticwa n’imyotsi kuko ifite uruhombo rurerure rujyana umwotsi kure. Akandi karusho ni uko iri shyiga riba riri kumwe n’ubwogerezo bumwe cyangwa bubiri (2 lavabos) bitewe n’icyifuzo cy’uyishaka hamwe n’ameza yo guteguriraho ibyo guteka. Ibyo byose (imbabura n’ibiyiherekeje) bikoze muri aluminium. Nzeyimana asobanura ko amashyiga akora arimo ibyiciro bitatu bitewe n’ingano y’amazi ashobora gushyushya. Irinini rishobora gushyushya litiro 20 rikaba rigura hagati ya 400000 na 300000. Irikurikiyeho rishobora gushyushya litiro 15 rikagura hagati y’amafaranga 300000 na 250000. Iritoya rishobora gushyushya litiro 10 rikaba rigura hagati y’amafaranga 250000 na 150000. Uretse Tekutangije, Nzeyimana Isidore akora na muvero zifashishwa mu gutekera abanyeshuri, shodiyeri (chaudière) zikora za vaperi (vapeurs), n’ibindi. Intego ye ni ukurengera ibidukikije. Nzayimana ni umwe mu bitabiriye ibiganiro ku bushakashatsi mpuzamahanga mu gukoresha ingufu tubungabunga ibidukikije yateguwe na kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda iherereye mu karere ka Huye. Ibi biganiro byatangiye tariki 16 bikazarangira tariki 18 ugushyingo 2011. Kakunze Alfred |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ubumenyi/article/thomas-suarez-w-imyaka-10-aragera-ikirenge-mu-cya-steve-jobs | Thomas Suarez w’imyaka 10 aragera ikirenge mu cya Steve Jobs | Ubwo bari mu nama yateguwe na TED (Technology Entertainment and Design) muri Manhattan ho muri Amerika, uyu mwana yatunguye benshi ubwo yasobanuriraga imbaga y’abari aho ibijyanye nibyo amaze gukora mu bigendanye n’ikoranabuhanga. Nubwo akiri muto, Thomas Suarez yumva afite inyota yo kuzagera ku bintu bikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga kuko ariho indoto ze ziri. Kugeza ubu amaze gukora applications ebyiri za telephone yo mu bwoko bwa iPhone zitwa Earth Fortune na Bustin Jieber. Izi applications ziraboneka ku rubuga rwa sosiyete Apple ikora amatelefone na mudasobwa. Mu ijambo rye uyu mwana yavuzeko abana benshi bagira ibikinisho cyangwa bakinira kuri interineti ariko bikarangirira aho. We rero ngo kuko akunda ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga yasabye iwabo kumwishyurira ama euro 73 kugirango ajye abasha kohereza ibyo yakoze muri sosiyete ya Apple, bikaba byaranamufashije kwiyigisha wenyine porogarame ya mudasobwa yitwa (Software Development Kit) kandi izo yakoze 2 za iPhone zikaba zimaze kwemerwa. Thomas Suarez, ukunda cyane Steve Jobs washinze sosiyete ya Apple. Ubu nawe amaze gushinga uruganda rucirirtse rwitwa CarrotCorp, ari narwo ateganya gushyiramo club ya Apple aho urubyiruko ruzajya ruza kwigira ibijyanye no gukora amaporogarame ya za mudasobwa. Marie Josee IKIBASUMBA |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mobayilo/article/isoko-rya-telefoni-zigendananwa-ririyongera-cyane-muri-afurika-kurusha-ahandi | Isoko rya telefoni zigendananwa ririyongera cyane muri Afurika kurusha ahandi | Iyi raporo ivuga ko kugeza ubu abantu miliyoni 649 muri Afurika bakoresha telefoni zigendanwa kandi buri myaka itanu abakoresha iri tumanaho muri afurika biyongeraho 20%. Mu mpera z’umwaka utaha wa 2012 bazaba bamaze kugera kuri miliyoni 738. Mu buhamya bwatanzwe na b’Abanyafurika benshi bagaragaza ko telefoni igendanwa muri iki gihe ibafatiye runini kuko ibafasha mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi; haba mu kazi ndetse no mu miryango. Gertrude Kitongo, umunyeshuri muri afurika y’epfo, yagize ati « telefoni yanjye nyikoresha ahantu hose, nyikoresha nka radiyo, nk’isomero, aho ndebera filime, nkayikoresha mu kwandikirana ubutumwa, nkamenya amakuru ya banki kandi ikamfasha no guhamagara.» Kitongo avuga ko telefoni ayiha agaciro kuko ngo yamubereye icyambu kimuhuza n’umuryango we uri muri Kenya na uganda ndetse n’inshuti ze biganye muri zimbabwe. Yanavuzeko kubwe yumva telefoni ye ntacyo yayigereranya nacyo kuko imufasha gukurikirana ibikorwa bya konti ye muri banki, akabasha kuba yareba ikiganiro akunda cya Oprah Winfrey kuri inerineti. Peter Lyons, ukorera muri GSMA mu kiganiro yagiranye n’abanyamakuru tariki 9/11/2011 ubwo iyi raporo yasohokaga, yatangaje ko kuba hakiri Abanyafurika benshi badafite uko bakoresha serivise zisanzwe z’amabanki nabyo biri mubyatumye uyu mubare uzamuka. Yanongeyeho ko uko ibikorwa remezo birimo imihanda n’amashanyarazi bikomeza kwiyongera muri Afurika ari nako abakoresha iri koranabuhanga barushaho kwiyongera. Nk’uko ikinyamakuru The Times cyo muri Afrika y’epfo dukesha iyi nkuru kibitangaza ngo, GSMA irakangurira ubuyobozi bw’ibihugu kugerageza kworohereza abaturage kubona ubu buryo bw’itumanaho hagabanywa imisoro ku bicuruzwa bigendanye naryo. Marie Josée Ikibasumba |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/utuntu-n-utundi/Uburayi-bugiye-gukemura-ibibazo-biri-hagati-ya-Apple-na-Samsung | Uburayi bugiye gukemura ibibazo biri hagati ya Apple na Samsung | Izi nganda ziregana kwibana uburenganzira ku bumenyi bwite (droit de la propriété intellectuelle) ku bikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora amatelefone agendanywa. Apple ivuga ko Samsung yayibye bimwe mu bikoresho ndetse n’ubumenyi bwakoreshejwe mu gukora telephone ndetse na mudasobwa ntoya igendanywa (tablet) ya Samsung Glaxy. Ibi byageze kure kuko mu minsi ishize Apple yigeze gusaba ko ibi bikoresho bya Samsung byavanywa ku isoko mu bihugu b’Iburayi. Iyi akaba ari nayo mpamvu nyamukuru yatumye komisiyo yo mu burayi yiyemeza gukora ubushakashatsi kuri icyo kibazo kugira ngo ukuri kujye ahagaragara. Ubu iperereza ryahereye muri Koreya y’amajyepfo aho uruganda rwa Samsung rukomoka. Nk’uko umuhanga mu bijyanye n’uburenganzira ku bumenyi bwite, Florian Mueller, yabitangarije ibiro ntaramakuru by’ubwongereza, ngo si ibyo gusa kuko izo nganda zinafitanye ibibazo ku bijyanye n’uburenganzira bwo gucuruza (droit de licence) ibicuruzwa byabo. Uruganda rwa Apple rukorera mu Amerika, rukaba rukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga byo mu bwoko bwa iPod, iPhone hamwe na iPad. Uru ruganda rwatangiye gukora imirimo yarwo taliki ya mbere Mata 1976 muri Leta ya California, rutangira rwitwa Apple Computer, Inc. ruza guhindurirwa izina rwitwa Apple Inc. taliki ya mbere Mutarama 1977, nyuma y’iminsi mirongo itatu ruvutse. Uruganda rwa Samsung rwo ni urwo muri Koreya y’amajyepfo, rukaba ruhereye mu mujyi wa Samsung ahitwa Seoul. Rwatangiye gukora kuva mu mwaka w’1947. Ubu urwo ruganda rukorana n’izindi nganda 6 zikomeye ku isi. Izo nganda ni Sony, Dell, HP, Verizon Communications, AT&T ndetse na Apple Inc bafitanye ibibazo. Anne Marie Niwemwiza |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mudasobwa/article/umunyafurika-yakoze-mudasobwa-ntoya-izwi-ku-izina-rya-tablet | Umunyafurika yakoze mudasobwa ntoya izwi ku izina rya « Tablet » | Mu kwezi kwa cyenda uyu mwaka nibwo iyo mudasobwa yashyizwe ahagaragara, mu nama y’ibijyanye n’ikorabuhanga rigezweho, yitwa « Africa Web Summit » yaberaga i Brazzaville ho muri Kongo. Ariko muri uku kwezi kwa cumi guhera tariki ya 17 nibwo iyo mudasobwa yatangiye kugera no mu bindi bihugu byo muri Afrika. Ubusanzwe byari bimenyerewe ko ibikoresho by’ikorababuhanga biza muri Afrika ariko byarakorewe mu bihugu byo hanze y’Afrika, cyane cyane mu Burayi, mu Bushinwa, ndetse no muri Amerika. Ariko ngo kuba umunyafrika yaragize igitekerezo cyo gukora mudasobwa byahise bihindura amateka. Gusa ariko ngo n’ubwo iyo mudasobwa yakorewe muri Kongo, yateranyirijwe mu gihugu cy’Ubushinwa. Ngo kubera ko muri Afrika nta bikoresho byo kuyiteranya byari bihari. Mudasobwa ntoya ariko ikora nk’izindi zisanzwe Ubundi mudasobwa ya « Tablet » ngo n’ubwo iba ari ntoya, kuburyo umuntu ashobora kuyitwara mu mufuka w’umwambaro yambaye, ngo ikora nk’izindi mudasobwa zisanzwe. Mu Rwanda naho nk’uko ikoranabuhanga riri gutera imbere izo mudasobwa hari abazitunze. Ingénieur Neza Nice Fabrice ushinzwe ibijyanye na tekinike (Techinque) kuri Radio Salus, asobanurira uko bene izo mudasobwa zikora. Atangira avuga ko « Tablet » ari mudasobwa nto cyane, ijya kungana na telefone zisanzwe cyangwa ikayiruta ho gatoya. Gusa ariko ngo ikikwereka ko ari mudasobwa ngo ni uko nayo ijyamo amaporogaramu (Programmes) akoreshwa n’izindi mudasobwa zisanzwe. Agira ati « iyo mudasobwa ishobora kujyamo za Windows, Linux hari n’izijyamo izo bita Android ». Avuga ko impamvu abantu bashobora kwitiranya iyo mudasobwa na telefone, ari uko hari telefone nazo zishobora kujyamo ayo maporogaramu. Agira ati « Kubera iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga izo porogaramu bagiye bazikoresha mu matelefoni amwe bita smart-phones : nka iPhone, za Blackbelly cyangwa iPad ». Yongeraho ko Tablet iba ari mudasobwa, kandi ngo iba ifite icyo bita « Touch-screen » (Ecran bakoreshamo intoki). Ng’aho kugira ngo wandike ukoresheje « Clavier » nk’izamudasobwa zisanzwe, ukora muri « Screen » cyangwa « Ecran » yayo, ukandika ukoresheje intoki cyangwa ikaramu yabugenewe. Akomeza avuga ko kandi mudasobwa ya « Tablet » itandukanye na Laptop zisanzwe, cyangwa se Laptop ntoya zitwa « Notbook ». Ikindi kandi ngo n’ubwo ari nto cyane, ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora nk’ibyo izindi mudasobwa zikora, hirengagijwe izishobora gukora ibintu byinshi icyarimwe. Ngo kuba rero abahanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga bagenda bakora ibikoresho bitoya umuntu ashobora kugendana aho agiye hose, ngo bifite akamaro.
Agira ati « Uko bagenda babigira bitoya bigenda bifasha buri muntu wese ubifite kubona amakuru ku buryo bworoshye ahantu aho ari ho hose ». Ubundi mudasobwa ntoya izwi ku izina rya Tablet, yabanje gukorwa n’uruganda rwa Microsoft rwo muri Amerika ruzwi ho gukora ibijyanye na za mudasobwa. Urwo ruganda rukaba rwarayikoze mu mwaka wa 2001. Kuva icyo gihe kugeza ubu izindi nganda zagerageje gukora izo mudasobwa, harimo uruganda rwa Apple narwo rukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, rwatangijwe n’umunyamerika Steve Jobs umaze iminsi yitabye Imana. Kuri rwo hiyongera ho uruganda RIM rwo muri Canada ruzwi ho gukora ibijyanye n’itumanaho ndetse n’izindi nganda zizwi mu ikoranabuhanga mu by’itumanaho. Norbert NIYIZURUGERO. |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/internet/article/muhanga-gukoresha-internet-ntibikiri-umwihariko-w-abanyakigali | Muhanga : Gukoresha internet ntibikiri umwihariko w’Abanyakigali | Cyber café Ikaze ni imwe mu nzu z’ubucuruzi bwa internet mu karere ka Muhanga. Ubuyobozi bwayo buvuga ko nubwo bizwi ko i Kigali ariho hari iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ko n’ i Muhanga n’aho abantu baryitabira cyane. Umukozi wa cyber café Ikaze agira ati: « Abakiriya baritabira kugura serivisi ya internet cyane. Dutangira akazi kuva saa moya za mugitondo kugeza saa tatu z’ijoro abakiriya bagihari. Hari abagura iminota nka 15 nibo benshi ariko hari n’abagura isaha imwe kugeza ku masaha agera kuri atatu. » Cyber café Alpha nayo ikorera mu karere ka Muhanga yakira abaguzi ba serivisi ya internet benshi. Umukozi muri iyi cyber avuga ko mu gihe abanyeshuri bo mu mashuri yisumbuye baba bari mu biruhuko ari bwo babona abakiriya benshi. Uyu mukozi agira ati : « Hano i Muhanga abantu bitabira ku bwinshi kugura serivisi ya internet muri za cyber café ku buryo bamwe bahaguruka abandi bicara. Hari abagura igihe kitageze ku isaha ariko kandi hari n’abagura amasaha. Hari igihe ku munsi tubona abakiriya bagera kuri magana atanu.» Abakiriya bavuga ko serivisi ya internet ibafitiye akamaro ariko ko aho iyo serivisi itangirwa hakiri hake.Umwe muri abo ni Rukundo Jean Aimé wiga mu kigo cy’amashuri yisumbuye cya Mutagatifu Yozefu (Saint Joseph) mu mwaka wa gatandatu. Agira ati : « Ubu mba naje kureba utuntu dutandukanye kuri internet ; cyane cyane amakuru. Naje kureba neza amakuru y’urupfu rwa Mouamar Ghadaffi. Hari igihe mwarimu atubwira aderesi twasangaho ibintu bitandukanye. Urumva ko idufasha cyane mu masomo.» Jean Aimé yongeyeho ko hari ikibazo cy’ubuke bw’ama cyber café. Ngo hari igihe aza akicara agategereza ko abandi barangiza gukoresha internet ariko habaye hari cyber nyinshi wasanga hamwe hari abantu benshi ugahita ujya ahandi. Ubu mu karere ka Muhanga hari cyber café eshanu gusa. U Rwanda ruragenda rutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga nkuko bigaragazwa n’ibigo bitandukanye bikora isesengura ku ikoranabuhanga ku isi. Mu mujyi wa Kigali niho higanje ibikorwa by’ikoranabuhanga cyane harimo na internet. Imijyi mito ndetse n’udu santeri tw’ubucuruzi nabyo biri kugenda byitabira ikoreshwa rya internet. Ibi bikaba bigaragarira ku ma cyber café agenda ashingwa. Jean Baptiste Micomyiza |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ubumenyi/article/umuhanga-mu-bya-mudasobwa-steve-jobs-yitabye-imana | Umuhanga mu bya mudasobwa Steve JOBS yitabye imana | Nyakwigendera Steve Jobs wishwe na canseri y’urwagashya yavutse kuwa 24 Gashyantare 1955 yamenyekanye cyane mu mwaka w’ 1976 ubwo we na mugenzi Steve Woziniak bashinze Apple computers. Bazwiho kuba barakoreye mu igarage ry’iwe mu rugo mu gihe bahangaga mudasobwa ya mbere yahawe izina rya Apple. Mu mwaka w’1984 yasohoye mudasobwa ya Macintosh 128k. Mu mwaka w’1998 ku itariki 6 za Gicurasi yongeye gusohora mudasobwa ya (iMac all in one) bivuga ko yari ikubiyemo byose iyi ikaba yaramamaye cyane nka mudasobwa itaruhanije kwimukana. Steve Jobs yongeye kugaragaza cyane ubuhanga bwe kuwa 23 Ukuboza 2001 ubwo yashyiraga ahagarara iPod iyi ikaba ifasha abantu kumva umuziki ko kureba amafilimi, gusa aho ubuhanga bwagaragariye cyane ni mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu kintu gito kandi gifite ubushobozi bwinshi. Vuba aha mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 2010 yahanze ikitwa iPad twagereranya na mudasobwa ntoya kandi ifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Uyu mugabo rero kwitaba imana kwe ni igihombo gikomeye ku bakunzi b’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kuko yari azwiho guhora ahanga udushya. Steve Jobs yitabye imana afite imyaka 56 asize abana batatu, umutungo w’uyu mugabo ubarirwa muri Miliyari zirenga 8 z’amdorari akaba ari mu bakire 50 ba mbere ku isi.
Imana imuhe iruhuko ridashira Byakusanijwe na Mutijima Abu Bernard |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mobayilo/BPR-yatangije-uburyo-bushya-bwo-kohereza-no-kwakira-amafaranga | BPR yatangije uburyo bushya bwo kohereza no kwakira amafaranga | Ubu buryo bushya, bwitwa “IZI Cash” butuma umufatabuguzi wa BPR ukoresha telefone yohereza amafaranga muri serivisi ya mobile money abasha kohereza amafaranga ku wundi muntu wese ufite telefone kabone n’ubwo yaba atari umufatabuguzi w’iyo banki. Richard Ndahiro, ushinzwe kwamamaza no guteza imbere serivisi nshya muri BPR, avuga ko ibijyanye no kohererezanya amafaranga byorohejwe ku buryo igisabwa ari ukuba mwese mufite telefone zigendanwa, ariko uwohereza akaba akoresha BPR mobile money. Yagize ati: “ukoresheje telefone yawe ushobora kohereza amafaranga ku nshuti n’abavandimwe ubundi bagafatira amafaranga yabo kuri ATM ibegereye nta karita bakoresheje”. Uwohererejwe amafaranga abona umubare w’ibanga ndetse n’ingano y’amafaranga yohererejwe, ubundi akajya kuri ATM agafata amafaranga ye.
Ndahiro yagize ati: “uwohererejwe amafaranga yandika umubare w’ibanga ndetse n’ingano y’amafaranga kuri ATM yose imwegereye maze agahabwa amafaranga ye ako kanya”. BPR ifite abakiriya bagera kuri miliyoni 1 n’ibihumbi 400. Ifite amashami agera ku 190 mu gihugu cyose; muri yo akoresha ikoranabuhanga rya interineti ni 144. Ubuyobozi bw’iyi banki buvuga ko bitarenze Kamena 2012, amashami yose azaba akoresha iryo koranabuhanga. Jean Noel Mugabo |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ibindi-bikoresho/Nzeyimana-Isidore-yahimbye-ishyiga-rya-kijyambere-Tekutangije | Nzeyimana Isidore yahimbye ishyiga rya kijyambere: “Tekutangije” | Iyo mbabura rero, ngo ishobora guteka ibintu byinshi inshuro imwe: ibiryo ku mashyiga, inyotse ziba zashyizwe mu ifuru ndetse n’amazi umuntu ashobora gushyushya mu gasiterine. Uretse kuba tekutangije ishobora guteka ibintu bitandukanye icyarimwe, ifite akarusho ko kurondereza inkwi. Tekutangije ifite amashyiga abiri kandi buri shyiga rifite aho bashyira inkwi. Hagati y’amashyiga hari ifuru, naho inyuma y’ibyo byose hakaba agasiterine gashyushya amazi. Nyezimana sobanura buri shyiga rijyamo ingeri 3 za sentimetero 15. Yemeza ko ingeri esheshatu zigahisha inkono enye (ebyiri ku mashyiga, ku ifuru no muri siterine). Ikindi cyiza cya Tekutangije ni uko umutetsi aticwa n’imyotsi kuko ifite uruhombo rurerure rujyana umwotsi kure. Akandi karusho ni uko iri shyiga riba riri kumwe n’ubwogerezo bumwe cyangwa bubiri (2 lavabos) bitewe n’icyifuzo cy’uyishaka hamwe n’ameza yo guteguriraho ibyo guteka. Ibyo byose (imbabura n’ibiyiherekeje) bikoze muri aluminium. Nzeyimana asobanura ko amashyiga akora arimo ibyiciro bitatu bitewe n’ingano y’amazi ashobora gushyushya. Irinini rishobora gushyushya litiro 20 rikaba rigura hagati ya 400000 na 300000. Irikurikiyeho rishobora gushyushya litiro 15 rikagura hagati y’amafaranga 300000 na 250000. Iritoya rishobora gushyushya litiro 10 rikaba rigura hagati y’amafaranga 250000 na 150000. Uretse Tekutangije, Nzeyimana Isidore akora na muvero zifashishwa mu gutekera abanyeshuri, shodiyeri (chaudière) zikora za vaperi (vapeurs), n’ibindi. Intego ye ni ukurengera ibidukikije. Nzayimana ni umwe mu bitabiriye ibiganiro ku bushakashatsi mpuzamahanga mu gukoresha ingufu tubungabunga ibidukikije yateguwe na kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda iherereye mu karere ka Huye. Ibi biganiro byatangiye tariki 16 bikazarangira tariki 18 ugushyingo 2011. Kakunze Alfred |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ubumenyi/article/thomas-suarez-w-imyaka-10-aragera-ikirenge-mu-cya-steve-jobs | Thomas Suarez w’imyaka 10 aragera ikirenge mu cya Steve Jobs | Ubwo bari mu nama yateguwe na TED (Technology Entertainment and Design) muri Manhattan ho muri Amerika, uyu mwana yatunguye benshi ubwo yasobanuriraga imbaga y’abari aho ibijyanye nibyo amaze gukora mu bigendanye n’ikoranabuhanga. Nubwo akiri muto, Thomas Suarez yumva afite inyota yo kuzagera ku bintu bikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga kuko ariho indoto ze ziri. Kugeza ubu amaze gukora applications ebyiri za telephone yo mu bwoko bwa iPhone zitwa Earth Fortune na Bustin Jieber. Izi applications ziraboneka ku rubuga rwa sosiyete Apple ikora amatelefone na mudasobwa. Mu ijambo rye uyu mwana yavuzeko abana benshi bagira ibikinisho cyangwa bakinira kuri interineti ariko bikarangirira aho. We rero ngo kuko akunda ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga yasabye iwabo kumwishyurira ama euro 73 kugirango ajye abasha kohereza ibyo yakoze muri sosiyete ya Apple, bikaba byaranamufashije kwiyigisha wenyine porogarame ya mudasobwa yitwa (Software Development Kit) kandi izo yakoze 2 za iPhone zikaba zimaze kwemerwa. Thomas Suarez, ukunda cyane Steve Jobs washinze sosiyete ya Apple. Ubu nawe amaze gushinga uruganda rucirirtse rwitwa CarrotCorp, ari narwo ateganya gushyiramo club ya Apple aho urubyiruko ruzajya ruza kwigira ibijyanye no gukora amaporogarame ya za mudasobwa. Marie Josee IKIBASUMBA |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mobayilo/article/isoko-rya-telefoni-zigendananwa-ririyongera-cyane-muri-afurika-kurusha-ahandi | Isoko rya telefoni zigendananwa ririyongera cyane muri Afurika kurusha ahandi | Iyi raporo ivuga ko kugeza ubu abantu miliyoni 649 muri Afurika bakoresha telefoni zigendanwa kandi buri myaka itanu abakoresha iri tumanaho muri afurika biyongeraho 20%. Mu mpera z’umwaka utaha wa 2012 bazaba bamaze kugera kuri miliyoni 738. Mu buhamya bwatanzwe na b’Abanyafurika benshi bagaragaza ko telefoni igendanwa muri iki gihe ibafatiye runini kuko ibafasha mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi; haba mu kazi ndetse no mu miryango. Gertrude Kitongo, umunyeshuri muri afurika y’epfo, yagize ati « telefoni yanjye nyikoresha ahantu hose, nyikoresha nka radiyo, nk’isomero, aho ndebera filime, nkayikoresha mu kwandikirana ubutumwa, nkamenya amakuru ya banki kandi ikamfasha no guhamagara.» Kitongo avuga ko telefoni ayiha agaciro kuko ngo yamubereye icyambu kimuhuza n’umuryango we uri muri Kenya na uganda ndetse n’inshuti ze biganye muri zimbabwe. Yanavuzeko kubwe yumva telefoni ye ntacyo yayigereranya nacyo kuko imufasha gukurikirana ibikorwa bya konti ye muri banki, akabasha kuba yareba ikiganiro akunda cya Oprah Winfrey kuri inerineti. Peter Lyons, ukorera muri GSMA mu kiganiro yagiranye n’abanyamakuru tariki 9/11/2011 ubwo iyi raporo yasohokaga, yatangaje ko kuba hakiri Abanyafurika benshi badafite uko bakoresha serivise zisanzwe z’amabanki nabyo biri mubyatumye uyu mubare uzamuka. Yanongeyeho ko uko ibikorwa remezo birimo imihanda n’amashanyarazi bikomeza kwiyongera muri Afurika ari nako abakoresha iri koranabuhanga barushaho kwiyongera. Nk’uko ikinyamakuru The Times cyo muri Afrika y’epfo dukesha iyi nkuru kibitangaza ngo, GSMA irakangurira ubuyobozi bw’ibihugu kugerageza kworohereza abaturage kubona ubu buryo bw’itumanaho hagabanywa imisoro ku bicuruzwa bigendanye naryo. Marie Josée Ikibasumba |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/utuntu-n-utundi/Uburayi-bugiye-gukemura-ibibazo-biri-hagati-ya-Apple-na-Samsung | Uburayi bugiye gukemura ibibazo biri hagati ya Apple na Samsung | Izi nganda ziregana kwibana uburenganzira ku bumenyi bwite (droit de la propriété intellectuelle) ku bikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora amatelefone agendanywa. Apple ivuga ko Samsung yayibye bimwe mu bikoresho ndetse n’ubumenyi bwakoreshejwe mu gukora telephone ndetse na mudasobwa ntoya igendanywa (tablet) ya Samsung Glaxy. Ibi byageze kure kuko mu minsi ishize Apple yigeze gusaba ko ibi bikoresho bya Samsung byavanywa ku isoko mu bihugu b’Iburayi. Iyi akaba ari nayo mpamvu nyamukuru yatumye komisiyo yo mu burayi yiyemeza gukora ubushakashatsi kuri icyo kibazo kugira ngo ukuri kujye ahagaragara. Ubu iperereza ryahereye muri Koreya y’amajyepfo aho uruganda rwa Samsung rukomoka. Nk’uko umuhanga mu bijyanye n’uburenganzira ku bumenyi bwite, Florian Mueller, yabitangarije ibiro ntaramakuru by’ubwongereza, ngo si ibyo gusa kuko izo nganda zinafitanye ibibazo ku bijyanye n’uburenganzira bwo gucuruza (droit de licence) ibicuruzwa byabo. Uruganda rwa Apple rukorera mu Amerika, rukaba rukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga byo mu bwoko bwa iPod, iPhone hamwe na iPad. Uru ruganda rwatangiye gukora imirimo yarwo taliki ya mbere Mata 1976 muri Leta ya California, rutangira rwitwa Apple Computer, Inc. ruza guhindurirwa izina rwitwa Apple Inc. taliki ya mbere Mutarama 1977, nyuma y’iminsi mirongo itatu ruvutse. Uruganda rwa Samsung rwo ni urwo muri Koreya y’amajyepfo, rukaba ruhereye mu mujyi wa Samsung ahitwa Seoul. Rwatangiye gukora kuva mu mwaka w’1947. Ubu urwo ruganda rukorana n’izindi nganda 6 zikomeye ku isi. Izo nganda ni Sony, Dell, HP, Verizon Communications, AT&T ndetse na Apple Inc bafitanye ibibazo. Anne Marie Niwemwiza |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mudasobwa/article/umunyafurika-yakoze-mudasobwa-ntoya-izwi-ku-izina-rya-tablet | Umunyafurika yakoze mudasobwa ntoya izwi ku izina rya « Tablet » | Mu kwezi kwa cyenda uyu mwaka nibwo iyo mudasobwa yashyizwe ahagaragara, mu nama y’ibijyanye n’ikorabuhanga rigezweho, yitwa « Africa Web Summit » yaberaga i Brazzaville ho muri Kongo. Ariko muri uku kwezi kwa cumi guhera tariki ya 17 nibwo iyo mudasobwa yatangiye kugera no mu bindi bihugu byo muri Afrika. Ubusanzwe byari bimenyerewe ko ibikoresho by’ikorababuhanga biza muri Afrika ariko byarakorewe mu bihugu byo hanze y’Afrika, cyane cyane mu Burayi, mu Bushinwa, ndetse no muri Amerika. Ariko ngo kuba umunyafrika yaragize igitekerezo cyo gukora mudasobwa byahise bihindura amateka. Gusa ariko ngo n’ubwo iyo mudasobwa yakorewe muri Kongo, yateranyirijwe mu gihugu cy’Ubushinwa. Ngo kubera ko muri Afrika nta bikoresho byo kuyiteranya byari bihari. Mudasobwa ntoya ariko ikora nk’izindi zisanzwe Ubundi mudasobwa ya « Tablet » ngo n’ubwo iba ari ntoya, kuburyo umuntu ashobora kuyitwara mu mufuka w’umwambaro yambaye, ngo ikora nk’izindi mudasobwa zisanzwe. Mu Rwanda naho nk’uko ikoranabuhanga riri gutera imbere izo mudasobwa hari abazitunze. Ingénieur Neza Nice Fabrice ushinzwe ibijyanye na tekinike (Techinque) kuri Radio Salus, asobanurira uko bene izo mudasobwa zikora. Atangira avuga ko « Tablet » ari mudasobwa nto cyane, ijya kungana na telefone zisanzwe cyangwa ikayiruta ho gatoya. Gusa ariko ngo ikikwereka ko ari mudasobwa ngo ni uko nayo ijyamo amaporogaramu (Programmes) akoreshwa n’izindi mudasobwa zisanzwe. Agira ati « iyo mudasobwa ishobora kujyamo za Windows, Linux hari n’izijyamo izo bita Android ». Avuga ko impamvu abantu bashobora kwitiranya iyo mudasobwa na telefone, ari uko hari telefone nazo zishobora kujyamo ayo maporogaramu. Agira ati « Kubera iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga izo porogaramu bagiye bazikoresha mu matelefoni amwe bita smart-phones : nka iPhone, za Blackbelly cyangwa iPad ». Yongeraho ko Tablet iba ari mudasobwa, kandi ngo iba ifite icyo bita « Touch-screen » (Ecran bakoreshamo intoki). Ng’aho kugira ngo wandike ukoresheje « Clavier » nk’izamudasobwa zisanzwe, ukora muri « Screen » cyangwa « Ecran » yayo, ukandika ukoresheje intoki cyangwa ikaramu yabugenewe. Akomeza avuga ko kandi mudasobwa ya « Tablet » itandukanye na Laptop zisanzwe, cyangwa se Laptop ntoya zitwa « Notbook ». Ikindi kandi ngo n’ubwo ari nto cyane, ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora nk’ibyo izindi mudasobwa zikora, hirengagijwe izishobora gukora ibintu byinshi icyarimwe. Ngo kuba rero abahanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga bagenda bakora ibikoresho bitoya umuntu ashobora kugendana aho agiye hose, ngo bifite akamaro.
Agira ati « Uko bagenda babigira bitoya bigenda bifasha buri muntu wese ubifite kubona amakuru ku buryo bworoshye ahantu aho ari ho hose ». Ubundi mudasobwa ntoya izwi ku izina rya Tablet, yabanje gukorwa n’uruganda rwa Microsoft rwo muri Amerika ruzwi ho gukora ibijyanye na za mudasobwa. Urwo ruganda rukaba rwarayikoze mu mwaka wa 2001. Kuva icyo gihe kugeza ubu izindi nganda zagerageje gukora izo mudasobwa, harimo uruganda rwa Apple narwo rukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, rwatangijwe n’umunyamerika Steve Jobs umaze iminsi yitabye Imana. Kuri rwo hiyongera ho uruganda RIM rwo muri Canada ruzwi ho gukora ibijyanye n’itumanaho ndetse n’izindi nganda zizwi mu ikoranabuhanga mu by’itumanaho. Norbert NIYIZURUGERO. |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/internet/article/muhanga-gukoresha-internet-ntibikiri-umwihariko-w-abanyakigali | Muhanga : Gukoresha internet ntibikiri umwihariko w’Abanyakigali | Cyber café Ikaze ni imwe mu nzu z’ubucuruzi bwa internet mu karere ka Muhanga. Ubuyobozi bwayo buvuga ko nubwo bizwi ko i Kigali ariho hari iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ko n’ i Muhanga n’aho abantu baryitabira cyane. Umukozi wa cyber café Ikaze agira ati: « Abakiriya baritabira kugura serivisi ya internet cyane. Dutangira akazi kuva saa moya za mugitondo kugeza saa tatu z’ijoro abakiriya bagihari. Hari abagura iminota nka 15 nibo benshi ariko hari n’abagura isaha imwe kugeza ku masaha agera kuri atatu. » Cyber café Alpha nayo ikorera mu karere ka Muhanga yakira abaguzi ba serivisi ya internet benshi. Umukozi muri iyi cyber avuga ko mu gihe abanyeshuri bo mu mashuri yisumbuye baba bari mu biruhuko ari bwo babona abakiriya benshi. Uyu mukozi agira ati : « Hano i Muhanga abantu bitabira ku bwinshi kugura serivisi ya internet muri za cyber café ku buryo bamwe bahaguruka abandi bicara. Hari abagura igihe kitageze ku isaha ariko kandi hari n’abagura amasaha. Hari igihe ku munsi tubona abakiriya bagera kuri magana atanu.» Abakiriya bavuga ko serivisi ya internet ibafitiye akamaro ariko ko aho iyo serivisi itangirwa hakiri hake.Umwe muri abo ni Rukundo Jean Aimé wiga mu kigo cy’amashuri yisumbuye cya Mutagatifu Yozefu (Saint Joseph) mu mwaka wa gatandatu. Agira ati : « Ubu mba naje kureba utuntu dutandukanye kuri internet ; cyane cyane amakuru. Naje kureba neza amakuru y’urupfu rwa Mouamar Ghadaffi. Hari igihe mwarimu atubwira aderesi twasangaho ibintu bitandukanye. Urumva ko idufasha cyane mu masomo.» Jean Aimé yongeyeho ko hari ikibazo cy’ubuke bw’ama cyber café. Ngo hari igihe aza akicara agategereza ko abandi barangiza gukoresha internet ariko habaye hari cyber nyinshi wasanga hamwe hari abantu benshi ugahita ujya ahandi. Ubu mu karere ka Muhanga hari cyber café eshanu gusa. U Rwanda ruragenda rutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga nkuko bigaragazwa n’ibigo bitandukanye bikora isesengura ku ikoranabuhanga ku isi. Mu mujyi wa Kigali niho higanje ibikorwa by’ikoranabuhanga cyane harimo na internet. Imijyi mito ndetse n’udu santeri tw’ubucuruzi nabyo biri kugenda byitabira ikoreshwa rya internet. Ibi bikaba bigaragarira ku ma cyber café agenda ashingwa. Jean Baptiste Micomyiza |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ubumenyi/article/umuhanga-mu-bya-mudasobwa-steve-jobs-yitabye-imana | Umuhanga mu bya mudasobwa Steve JOBS yitabye imana | Nyakwigendera Steve Jobs wishwe na canseri y’urwagashya yavutse kuwa 24 Gashyantare 1955 yamenyekanye cyane mu mwaka w’ 1976 ubwo we na mugenzi Steve Woziniak bashinze Apple computers. Bazwiho kuba barakoreye mu igarage ry’iwe mu rugo mu gihe bahangaga mudasobwa ya mbere yahawe izina rya Apple. Mu mwaka w’1984 yasohoye mudasobwa ya Macintosh 128k. Mu mwaka w’1998 ku itariki 6 za Gicurasi yongeye gusohora mudasobwa ya (iMac all in one) bivuga ko yari ikubiyemo byose iyi ikaba yaramamaye cyane nka mudasobwa itaruhanije kwimukana. Steve Jobs yongeye kugaragaza cyane ubuhanga bwe kuwa 23 Ukuboza 2001 ubwo yashyiraga ahagarara iPod iyi ikaba ifasha abantu kumva umuziki ko kureba amafilimi, gusa aho ubuhanga bwagaragariye cyane ni mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu kintu gito kandi gifite ubushobozi bwinshi. Vuba aha mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 2010 yahanze ikitwa iPad twagereranya na mudasobwa ntoya kandi ifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Uyu mugabo rero kwitaba imana kwe ni igihombo gikomeye ku bakunzi b’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kuko yari azwiho guhora ahanga udushya. Steve Jobs yitabye imana afite imyaka 56 asize abana batatu, umutungo w’uyu mugabo ubarirwa muri Miliyari zirenga 8 z’amdorari akaba ari mu bakire 50 ba mbere ku isi.
Imana imuhe iruhuko ridashira Byakusanijwe na Mutijima Abu Bernard |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mobayilo/BPR-yatangije-uburyo-bushya-bwo-kohereza-no-kwakira-amafaranga | BPR yatangije uburyo bushya bwo kohereza no kwakira amafaranga | Ubu buryo bushya, bwitwa “IZI Cash” butuma umufatabuguzi wa BPR ukoresha telefone yohereza amafaranga muri serivisi ya mobile money abasha kohereza amafaranga ku wundi muntu wese ufite telefone kabone n’ubwo yaba atari umufatabuguzi w’iyo banki. Richard Ndahiro, ushinzwe kwamamaza no guteza imbere serivisi nshya muri BPR, avuga ko ibijyanye no kohererezanya amafaranga byorohejwe ku buryo igisabwa ari ukuba mwese mufite telefone zigendanwa, ariko uwohereza akaba akoresha BPR mobile money. Yagize ati: “ukoresheje telefone yawe ushobora kohereza amafaranga ku nshuti n’abavandimwe ubundi bagafatira amafaranga yabo kuri ATM ibegereye nta karita bakoresheje”. Uwohererejwe amafaranga abona umubare w’ibanga ndetse n’ingano y’amafaranga yohererejwe, ubundi akajya kuri ATM agafata amafaranga ye.
Ndahiro yagize ati: “uwohererejwe amafaranga yandika umubare w’ibanga ndetse n’ingano y’amafaranga kuri ATM yose imwegereye maze agahabwa amafaranga ye ako kanya”. BPR ifite abakiriya bagera kuri miliyoni 1 n’ibihumbi 400. Ifite amashami agera ku 190 mu gihugu cyose; muri yo akoresha ikoranabuhanga rya interineti ni 144. Ubuyobozi bw’iyi banki buvuga ko bitarenze Kamena 2012, amashami yose azaba akoresha iryo koranabuhanga. Jean Noel Mugabo |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ibindi-bikoresho/Nzeyimana-Isidore-yahimbye-ishyiga-rya-kijyambere-Tekutangije | Nzeyimana Isidore yahimbye ishyiga rya kijyambere: “Tekutangije” | Iyo mbabura rero, ngo ishobora guteka ibintu byinshi inshuro imwe: ibiryo ku mashyiga, inyotse ziba zashyizwe mu ifuru ndetse n’amazi umuntu ashobora gushyushya mu gasiterine. Uretse kuba tekutangije ishobora guteka ibintu bitandukanye icyarimwe, ifite akarusho ko kurondereza inkwi. Tekutangije ifite amashyiga abiri kandi buri shyiga rifite aho bashyira inkwi. Hagati y’amashyiga hari ifuru, naho inyuma y’ibyo byose hakaba agasiterine gashyushya amazi. Nyezimana sobanura buri shyiga rijyamo ingeri 3 za sentimetero 15. Yemeza ko ingeri esheshatu zigahisha inkono enye (ebyiri ku mashyiga, ku ifuru no muri siterine). Ikindi cyiza cya Tekutangije ni uko umutetsi aticwa n’imyotsi kuko ifite uruhombo rurerure rujyana umwotsi kure. Akandi karusho ni uko iri shyiga riba riri kumwe n’ubwogerezo bumwe cyangwa bubiri (2 lavabos) bitewe n’icyifuzo cy’uyishaka hamwe n’ameza yo guteguriraho ibyo guteka. Ibyo byose (imbabura n’ibiyiherekeje) bikoze muri aluminium. Nzeyimana asobanura ko amashyiga akora arimo ibyiciro bitatu bitewe n’ingano y’amazi ashobora gushyushya. Irinini rishobora gushyushya litiro 20 rikaba rigura hagati ya 400000 na 300000. Irikurikiyeho rishobora gushyushya litiro 15 rikagura hagati y’amafaranga 300000 na 250000. Iritoya rishobora gushyushya litiro 10 rikaba rigura hagati y’amafaranga 250000 na 150000. Uretse Tekutangije, Nzeyimana Isidore akora na muvero zifashishwa mu gutekera abanyeshuri, shodiyeri (chaudière) zikora za vaperi (vapeurs), n’ibindi. Intego ye ni ukurengera ibidukikije. Nzayimana ni umwe mu bitabiriye ibiganiro ku bushakashatsi mpuzamahanga mu gukoresha ingufu tubungabunga ibidukikije yateguwe na kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda iherereye mu karere ka Huye. Ibi biganiro byatangiye tariki 16 bikazarangira tariki 18 ugushyingo 2011. Kakunze Alfred |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ubumenyi/article/thomas-suarez-w-imyaka-10-aragera-ikirenge-mu-cya-steve-jobs | Thomas Suarez w’imyaka 10 aragera ikirenge mu cya Steve Jobs | Ubwo bari mu nama yateguwe na TED (Technology Entertainment and Design) muri Manhattan ho muri Amerika, uyu mwana yatunguye benshi ubwo yasobanuriraga imbaga y’abari aho ibijyanye nibyo amaze gukora mu bigendanye n’ikoranabuhanga. Nubwo akiri muto, Thomas Suarez yumva afite inyota yo kuzagera ku bintu bikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga kuko ariho indoto ze ziri. Kugeza ubu amaze gukora applications ebyiri za telephone yo mu bwoko bwa iPhone zitwa Earth Fortune na Bustin Jieber. Izi applications ziraboneka ku rubuga rwa sosiyete Apple ikora amatelefone na mudasobwa. Mu ijambo rye uyu mwana yavuzeko abana benshi bagira ibikinisho cyangwa bakinira kuri interineti ariko bikarangirira aho. We rero ngo kuko akunda ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga yasabye iwabo kumwishyurira ama euro 73 kugirango ajye abasha kohereza ibyo yakoze muri sosiyete ya Apple, bikaba byaranamufashije kwiyigisha wenyine porogarame ya mudasobwa yitwa (Software Development Kit) kandi izo yakoze 2 za iPhone zikaba zimaze kwemerwa. Thomas Suarez, ukunda cyane Steve Jobs washinze sosiyete ya Apple. Ubu nawe amaze gushinga uruganda rucirirtse rwitwa CarrotCorp, ari narwo ateganya gushyiramo club ya Apple aho urubyiruko ruzajya ruza kwigira ibijyanye no gukora amaporogarame ya za mudasobwa. Marie Josee IKIBASUMBA |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mobayilo/article/isoko-rya-telefoni-zigendananwa-ririyongera-cyane-muri-afurika-kurusha-ahandi | Isoko rya telefoni zigendananwa ririyongera cyane muri Afurika kurusha ahandi | Iyi raporo ivuga ko kugeza ubu abantu miliyoni 649 muri Afurika bakoresha telefoni zigendanwa kandi buri myaka itanu abakoresha iri tumanaho muri afurika biyongeraho 20%. Mu mpera z’umwaka utaha wa 2012 bazaba bamaze kugera kuri miliyoni 738. Mu buhamya bwatanzwe na b’Abanyafurika benshi bagaragaza ko telefoni igendanwa muri iki gihe ibafatiye runini kuko ibafasha mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi; haba mu kazi ndetse no mu miryango. Gertrude Kitongo, umunyeshuri muri afurika y’epfo, yagize ati « telefoni yanjye nyikoresha ahantu hose, nyikoresha nka radiyo, nk’isomero, aho ndebera filime, nkayikoresha mu kwandikirana ubutumwa, nkamenya amakuru ya banki kandi ikamfasha no guhamagara.» Kitongo avuga ko telefoni ayiha agaciro kuko ngo yamubereye icyambu kimuhuza n’umuryango we uri muri Kenya na uganda ndetse n’inshuti ze biganye muri zimbabwe. Yanavuzeko kubwe yumva telefoni ye ntacyo yayigereranya nacyo kuko imufasha gukurikirana ibikorwa bya konti ye muri banki, akabasha kuba yareba ikiganiro akunda cya Oprah Winfrey kuri inerineti. Peter Lyons, ukorera muri GSMA mu kiganiro yagiranye n’abanyamakuru tariki 9/11/2011 ubwo iyi raporo yasohokaga, yatangaje ko kuba hakiri Abanyafurika benshi badafite uko bakoresha serivise zisanzwe z’amabanki nabyo biri mubyatumye uyu mubare uzamuka. Yanongeyeho ko uko ibikorwa remezo birimo imihanda n’amashanyarazi bikomeza kwiyongera muri Afurika ari nako abakoresha iri koranabuhanga barushaho kwiyongera. Nk’uko ikinyamakuru The Times cyo muri Afrika y’epfo dukesha iyi nkuru kibitangaza ngo, GSMA irakangurira ubuyobozi bw’ibihugu kugerageza kworohereza abaturage kubona ubu buryo bw’itumanaho hagabanywa imisoro ku bicuruzwa bigendanye naryo. Marie Josée Ikibasumba |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/utuntu-n-utundi/Uburayi-bugiye-gukemura-ibibazo-biri-hagati-ya-Apple-na-Samsung | Uburayi bugiye gukemura ibibazo biri hagati ya Apple na Samsung | Izi nganda ziregana kwibana uburenganzira ku bumenyi bwite (droit de la propriété intellectuelle) ku bikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora amatelefone agendanywa. Apple ivuga ko Samsung yayibye bimwe mu bikoresho ndetse n’ubumenyi bwakoreshejwe mu gukora telephone ndetse na mudasobwa ntoya igendanywa (tablet) ya Samsung Glaxy. Ibi byageze kure kuko mu minsi ishize Apple yigeze gusaba ko ibi bikoresho bya Samsung byavanywa ku isoko mu bihugu b’Iburayi. Iyi akaba ari nayo mpamvu nyamukuru yatumye komisiyo yo mu burayi yiyemeza gukora ubushakashatsi kuri icyo kibazo kugira ngo ukuri kujye ahagaragara. Ubu iperereza ryahereye muri Koreya y’amajyepfo aho uruganda rwa Samsung rukomoka. Nk’uko umuhanga mu bijyanye n’uburenganzira ku bumenyi bwite, Florian Mueller, yabitangarije ibiro ntaramakuru by’ubwongereza, ngo si ibyo gusa kuko izo nganda zinafitanye ibibazo ku bijyanye n’uburenganzira bwo gucuruza (droit de licence) ibicuruzwa byabo. Uruganda rwa Apple rukorera mu Amerika, rukaba rukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga byo mu bwoko bwa iPod, iPhone hamwe na iPad. Uru ruganda rwatangiye gukora imirimo yarwo taliki ya mbere Mata 1976 muri Leta ya California, rutangira rwitwa Apple Computer, Inc. ruza guhindurirwa izina rwitwa Apple Inc. taliki ya mbere Mutarama 1977, nyuma y’iminsi mirongo itatu ruvutse. Uruganda rwa Samsung rwo ni urwo muri Koreya y’amajyepfo, rukaba ruhereye mu mujyi wa Samsung ahitwa Seoul. Rwatangiye gukora kuva mu mwaka w’1947. Ubu urwo ruganda rukorana n’izindi nganda 6 zikomeye ku isi. Izo nganda ni Sony, Dell, HP, Verizon Communications, AT&T ndetse na Apple Inc bafitanye ibibazo. Anne Marie Niwemwiza |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mudasobwa/article/umunyafurika-yakoze-mudasobwa-ntoya-izwi-ku-izina-rya-tablet | Umunyafurika yakoze mudasobwa ntoya izwi ku izina rya « Tablet » | Mu kwezi kwa cyenda uyu mwaka nibwo iyo mudasobwa yashyizwe ahagaragara, mu nama y’ibijyanye n’ikorabuhanga rigezweho, yitwa « Africa Web Summit » yaberaga i Brazzaville ho muri Kongo. Ariko muri uku kwezi kwa cumi guhera tariki ya 17 nibwo iyo mudasobwa yatangiye kugera no mu bindi bihugu byo muri Afrika. Ubusanzwe byari bimenyerewe ko ibikoresho by’ikorababuhanga biza muri Afrika ariko byarakorewe mu bihugu byo hanze y’Afrika, cyane cyane mu Burayi, mu Bushinwa, ndetse no muri Amerika. Ariko ngo kuba umunyafrika yaragize igitekerezo cyo gukora mudasobwa byahise bihindura amateka. Gusa ariko ngo n’ubwo iyo mudasobwa yakorewe muri Kongo, yateranyirijwe mu gihugu cy’Ubushinwa. Ngo kubera ko muri Afrika nta bikoresho byo kuyiteranya byari bihari. Mudasobwa ntoya ariko ikora nk’izindi zisanzwe Ubundi mudasobwa ya « Tablet » ngo n’ubwo iba ari ntoya, kuburyo umuntu ashobora kuyitwara mu mufuka w’umwambaro yambaye, ngo ikora nk’izindi mudasobwa zisanzwe. Mu Rwanda naho nk’uko ikoranabuhanga riri gutera imbere izo mudasobwa hari abazitunze. Ingénieur Neza Nice Fabrice ushinzwe ibijyanye na tekinike (Techinque) kuri Radio Salus, asobanurira uko bene izo mudasobwa zikora. Atangira avuga ko « Tablet » ari mudasobwa nto cyane, ijya kungana na telefone zisanzwe cyangwa ikayiruta ho gatoya. Gusa ariko ngo ikikwereka ko ari mudasobwa ngo ni uko nayo ijyamo amaporogaramu (Programmes) akoreshwa n’izindi mudasobwa zisanzwe. Agira ati « iyo mudasobwa ishobora kujyamo za Windows, Linux hari n’izijyamo izo bita Android ». Avuga ko impamvu abantu bashobora kwitiranya iyo mudasobwa na telefone, ari uko hari telefone nazo zishobora kujyamo ayo maporogaramu. Agira ati « Kubera iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga izo porogaramu bagiye bazikoresha mu matelefoni amwe bita smart-phones : nka iPhone, za Blackbelly cyangwa iPad ». Yongeraho ko Tablet iba ari mudasobwa, kandi ngo iba ifite icyo bita « Touch-screen » (Ecran bakoreshamo intoki). Ng’aho kugira ngo wandike ukoresheje « Clavier » nk’izamudasobwa zisanzwe, ukora muri « Screen » cyangwa « Ecran » yayo, ukandika ukoresheje intoki cyangwa ikaramu yabugenewe. Akomeza avuga ko kandi mudasobwa ya « Tablet » itandukanye na Laptop zisanzwe, cyangwa se Laptop ntoya zitwa « Notbook ». Ikindi kandi ngo n’ubwo ari nto cyane, ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora nk’ibyo izindi mudasobwa zikora, hirengagijwe izishobora gukora ibintu byinshi icyarimwe. Ngo kuba rero abahanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga bagenda bakora ibikoresho bitoya umuntu ashobora kugendana aho agiye hose, ngo bifite akamaro.
Agira ati « Uko bagenda babigira bitoya bigenda bifasha buri muntu wese ubifite kubona amakuru ku buryo bworoshye ahantu aho ari ho hose ». Ubundi mudasobwa ntoya izwi ku izina rya Tablet, yabanje gukorwa n’uruganda rwa Microsoft rwo muri Amerika ruzwi ho gukora ibijyanye na za mudasobwa. Urwo ruganda rukaba rwarayikoze mu mwaka wa 2001. Kuva icyo gihe kugeza ubu izindi nganda zagerageje gukora izo mudasobwa, harimo uruganda rwa Apple narwo rukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, rwatangijwe n’umunyamerika Steve Jobs umaze iminsi yitabye Imana. Kuri rwo hiyongera ho uruganda RIM rwo muri Canada ruzwi ho gukora ibijyanye n’itumanaho ndetse n’izindi nganda zizwi mu ikoranabuhanga mu by’itumanaho. Norbert NIYIZURUGERO. |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/internet/article/muhanga-gukoresha-internet-ntibikiri-umwihariko-w-abanyakigali | Muhanga : Gukoresha internet ntibikiri umwihariko w’Abanyakigali | Cyber café Ikaze ni imwe mu nzu z’ubucuruzi bwa internet mu karere ka Muhanga. Ubuyobozi bwayo buvuga ko nubwo bizwi ko i Kigali ariho hari iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ko n’ i Muhanga n’aho abantu baryitabira cyane. Umukozi wa cyber café Ikaze agira ati: « Abakiriya baritabira kugura serivisi ya internet cyane. Dutangira akazi kuva saa moya za mugitondo kugeza saa tatu z’ijoro abakiriya bagihari. Hari abagura iminota nka 15 nibo benshi ariko hari n’abagura isaha imwe kugeza ku masaha agera kuri atatu. » Cyber café Alpha nayo ikorera mu karere ka Muhanga yakira abaguzi ba serivisi ya internet benshi. Umukozi muri iyi cyber avuga ko mu gihe abanyeshuri bo mu mashuri yisumbuye baba bari mu biruhuko ari bwo babona abakiriya benshi. Uyu mukozi agira ati : « Hano i Muhanga abantu bitabira ku bwinshi kugura serivisi ya internet muri za cyber café ku buryo bamwe bahaguruka abandi bicara. Hari abagura igihe kitageze ku isaha ariko kandi hari n’abagura amasaha. Hari igihe ku munsi tubona abakiriya bagera kuri magana atanu.» Abakiriya bavuga ko serivisi ya internet ibafitiye akamaro ariko ko aho iyo serivisi itangirwa hakiri hake.Umwe muri abo ni Rukundo Jean Aimé wiga mu kigo cy’amashuri yisumbuye cya Mutagatifu Yozefu (Saint Joseph) mu mwaka wa gatandatu. Agira ati : « Ubu mba naje kureba utuntu dutandukanye kuri internet ; cyane cyane amakuru. Naje kureba neza amakuru y’urupfu rwa Mouamar Ghadaffi. Hari igihe mwarimu atubwira aderesi twasangaho ibintu bitandukanye. Urumva ko idufasha cyane mu masomo.» Jean Aimé yongeyeho ko hari ikibazo cy’ubuke bw’ama cyber café. Ngo hari igihe aza akicara agategereza ko abandi barangiza gukoresha internet ariko habaye hari cyber nyinshi wasanga hamwe hari abantu benshi ugahita ujya ahandi. Ubu mu karere ka Muhanga hari cyber café eshanu gusa. U Rwanda ruragenda rutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga nkuko bigaragazwa n’ibigo bitandukanye bikora isesengura ku ikoranabuhanga ku isi. Mu mujyi wa Kigali niho higanje ibikorwa by’ikoranabuhanga cyane harimo na internet. Imijyi mito ndetse n’udu santeri tw’ubucuruzi nabyo biri kugenda byitabira ikoreshwa rya internet. Ibi bikaba bigaragarira ku ma cyber café agenda ashingwa. Jean Baptiste Micomyiza |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ubumenyi/article/umuhanga-mu-bya-mudasobwa-steve-jobs-yitabye-imana | Umuhanga mu bya mudasobwa Steve JOBS yitabye imana | Nyakwigendera Steve Jobs wishwe na canseri y’urwagashya yavutse kuwa 24 Gashyantare 1955 yamenyekanye cyane mu mwaka w’ 1976 ubwo we na mugenzi Steve Woziniak bashinze Apple computers. Bazwiho kuba barakoreye mu igarage ry’iwe mu rugo mu gihe bahangaga mudasobwa ya mbere yahawe izina rya Apple. Mu mwaka w’1984 yasohoye mudasobwa ya Macintosh 128k. Mu mwaka w’1998 ku itariki 6 za Gicurasi yongeye gusohora mudasobwa ya (iMac all in one) bivuga ko yari ikubiyemo byose iyi ikaba yaramamaye cyane nka mudasobwa itaruhanije kwimukana. Steve Jobs yongeye kugaragaza cyane ubuhanga bwe kuwa 23 Ukuboza 2001 ubwo yashyiraga ahagarara iPod iyi ikaba ifasha abantu kumva umuziki ko kureba amafilimi, gusa aho ubuhanga bwagaragariye cyane ni mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu kintu gito kandi gifite ubushobozi bwinshi. Vuba aha mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 2010 yahanze ikitwa iPad twagereranya na mudasobwa ntoya kandi ifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Uyu mugabo rero kwitaba imana kwe ni igihombo gikomeye ku bakunzi b’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kuko yari azwiho guhora ahanga udushya. Steve Jobs yitabye imana afite imyaka 56 asize abana batatu, umutungo w’uyu mugabo ubarirwa muri Miliyari zirenga 8 z’amdorari akaba ari mu bakire 50 ba mbere ku isi.
Imana imuhe iruhuko ridashira Byakusanijwe na Mutijima Abu Bernard |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mobayilo/BPR-yatangije-uburyo-bushya-bwo-kohereza-no-kwakira-amafaranga | BPR yatangije uburyo bushya bwo kohereza no kwakira amafaranga | Ubu buryo bushya, bwitwa “IZI Cash” butuma umufatabuguzi wa BPR ukoresha telefone yohereza amafaranga muri serivisi ya mobile money abasha kohereza amafaranga ku wundi muntu wese ufite telefone kabone n’ubwo yaba atari umufatabuguzi w’iyo banki. Richard Ndahiro, ushinzwe kwamamaza no guteza imbere serivisi nshya muri BPR, avuga ko ibijyanye no kohererezanya amafaranga byorohejwe ku buryo igisabwa ari ukuba mwese mufite telefone zigendanwa, ariko uwohereza akaba akoresha BPR mobile money. Yagize ati: “ukoresheje telefone yawe ushobora kohereza amafaranga ku nshuti n’abavandimwe ubundi bagafatira amafaranga yabo kuri ATM ibegereye nta karita bakoresheje”. Uwohererejwe amafaranga abona umubare w’ibanga ndetse n’ingano y’amafaranga yohererejwe, ubundi akajya kuri ATM agafata amafaranga ye.
Ndahiro yagize ati: “uwohererejwe amafaranga yandika umubare w’ibanga ndetse n’ingano y’amafaranga kuri ATM yose imwegereye maze agahabwa amafaranga ye ako kanya”. BPR ifite abakiriya bagera kuri miliyoni 1 n’ibihumbi 400. Ifite amashami agera ku 190 mu gihugu cyose; muri yo akoresha ikoranabuhanga rya interineti ni 144. Ubuyobozi bw’iyi banki buvuga ko bitarenze Kamena 2012, amashami yose azaba akoresha iryo koranabuhanga. Jean Noel Mugabo |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ibindi-bikoresho/Nzeyimana-Isidore-yahimbye-ishyiga-rya-kijyambere-Tekutangije | Nzeyimana Isidore yahimbye ishyiga rya kijyambere: “Tekutangije” | Iyo mbabura rero, ngo ishobora guteka ibintu byinshi inshuro imwe: ibiryo ku mashyiga, inyotse ziba zashyizwe mu ifuru ndetse n’amazi umuntu ashobora gushyushya mu gasiterine. Uretse kuba tekutangije ishobora guteka ibintu bitandukanye icyarimwe, ifite akarusho ko kurondereza inkwi. Tekutangije ifite amashyiga abiri kandi buri shyiga rifite aho bashyira inkwi. Hagati y’amashyiga hari ifuru, naho inyuma y’ibyo byose hakaba agasiterine gashyushya amazi. Nyezimana sobanura buri shyiga rijyamo ingeri 3 za sentimetero 15. Yemeza ko ingeri esheshatu zigahisha inkono enye (ebyiri ku mashyiga, ku ifuru no muri siterine). Ikindi cyiza cya Tekutangije ni uko umutetsi aticwa n’imyotsi kuko ifite uruhombo rurerure rujyana umwotsi kure. Akandi karusho ni uko iri shyiga riba riri kumwe n’ubwogerezo bumwe cyangwa bubiri (2 lavabos) bitewe n’icyifuzo cy’uyishaka hamwe n’ameza yo guteguriraho ibyo guteka. Ibyo byose (imbabura n’ibiyiherekeje) bikoze muri aluminium. Nzeyimana asobanura ko amashyiga akora arimo ibyiciro bitatu bitewe n’ingano y’amazi ashobora gushyushya. Irinini rishobora gushyushya litiro 20 rikaba rigura hagati ya 400000 na 300000. Irikurikiyeho rishobora gushyushya litiro 15 rikagura hagati y’amafaranga 300000 na 250000. Iritoya rishobora gushyushya litiro 10 rikaba rigura hagati y’amafaranga 250000 na 150000. Uretse Tekutangije, Nzeyimana Isidore akora na muvero zifashishwa mu gutekera abanyeshuri, shodiyeri (chaudière) zikora za vaperi (vapeurs), n’ibindi. Intego ye ni ukurengera ibidukikije. Nzayimana ni umwe mu bitabiriye ibiganiro ku bushakashatsi mpuzamahanga mu gukoresha ingufu tubungabunga ibidukikije yateguwe na kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda iherereye mu karere ka Huye. Ibi biganiro byatangiye tariki 16 bikazarangira tariki 18 ugushyingo 2011. Kakunze Alfred |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ubumenyi/article/thomas-suarez-w-imyaka-10-aragera-ikirenge-mu-cya-steve-jobs | Thomas Suarez w’imyaka 10 aragera ikirenge mu cya Steve Jobs | Ubwo bari mu nama yateguwe na TED (Technology Entertainment and Design) muri Manhattan ho muri Amerika, uyu mwana yatunguye benshi ubwo yasobanuriraga imbaga y’abari aho ibijyanye nibyo amaze gukora mu bigendanye n’ikoranabuhanga. Nubwo akiri muto, Thomas Suarez yumva afite inyota yo kuzagera ku bintu bikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga kuko ariho indoto ze ziri. Kugeza ubu amaze gukora applications ebyiri za telephone yo mu bwoko bwa iPhone zitwa Earth Fortune na Bustin Jieber. Izi applications ziraboneka ku rubuga rwa sosiyete Apple ikora amatelefone na mudasobwa. Mu ijambo rye uyu mwana yavuzeko abana benshi bagira ibikinisho cyangwa bakinira kuri interineti ariko bikarangirira aho. We rero ngo kuko akunda ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga yasabye iwabo kumwishyurira ama euro 73 kugirango ajye abasha kohereza ibyo yakoze muri sosiyete ya Apple, bikaba byaranamufashije kwiyigisha wenyine porogarame ya mudasobwa yitwa (Software Development Kit) kandi izo yakoze 2 za iPhone zikaba zimaze kwemerwa. Thomas Suarez, ukunda cyane Steve Jobs washinze sosiyete ya Apple. Ubu nawe amaze gushinga uruganda rucirirtse rwitwa CarrotCorp, ari narwo ateganya gushyiramo club ya Apple aho urubyiruko ruzajya ruza kwigira ibijyanye no gukora amaporogarame ya za mudasobwa. Marie Josee IKIBASUMBA |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mobayilo/article/isoko-rya-telefoni-zigendananwa-ririyongera-cyane-muri-afurika-kurusha-ahandi | Isoko rya telefoni zigendananwa ririyongera cyane muri Afurika kurusha ahandi | Iyi raporo ivuga ko kugeza ubu abantu miliyoni 649 muri Afurika bakoresha telefoni zigendanwa kandi buri myaka itanu abakoresha iri tumanaho muri afurika biyongeraho 20%. Mu mpera z’umwaka utaha wa 2012 bazaba bamaze kugera kuri miliyoni 738. Mu buhamya bwatanzwe na b’Abanyafurika benshi bagaragaza ko telefoni igendanwa muri iki gihe ibafatiye runini kuko ibafasha mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi; haba mu kazi ndetse no mu miryango. Gertrude Kitongo, umunyeshuri muri afurika y’epfo, yagize ati « telefoni yanjye nyikoresha ahantu hose, nyikoresha nka radiyo, nk’isomero, aho ndebera filime, nkayikoresha mu kwandikirana ubutumwa, nkamenya amakuru ya banki kandi ikamfasha no guhamagara.» Kitongo avuga ko telefoni ayiha agaciro kuko ngo yamubereye icyambu kimuhuza n’umuryango we uri muri Kenya na uganda ndetse n’inshuti ze biganye muri zimbabwe. Yanavuzeko kubwe yumva telefoni ye ntacyo yayigereranya nacyo kuko imufasha gukurikirana ibikorwa bya konti ye muri banki, akabasha kuba yareba ikiganiro akunda cya Oprah Winfrey kuri inerineti. Peter Lyons, ukorera muri GSMA mu kiganiro yagiranye n’abanyamakuru tariki 9/11/2011 ubwo iyi raporo yasohokaga, yatangaje ko kuba hakiri Abanyafurika benshi badafite uko bakoresha serivise zisanzwe z’amabanki nabyo biri mubyatumye uyu mubare uzamuka. Yanongeyeho ko uko ibikorwa remezo birimo imihanda n’amashanyarazi bikomeza kwiyongera muri Afurika ari nako abakoresha iri koranabuhanga barushaho kwiyongera. Nk’uko ikinyamakuru The Times cyo muri Afrika y’epfo dukesha iyi nkuru kibitangaza ngo, GSMA irakangurira ubuyobozi bw’ibihugu kugerageza kworohereza abaturage kubona ubu buryo bw’itumanaho hagabanywa imisoro ku bicuruzwa bigendanye naryo. Marie Josée Ikibasumba |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/utuntu-n-utundi/Uburayi-bugiye-gukemura-ibibazo-biri-hagati-ya-Apple-na-Samsung | Uburayi bugiye gukemura ibibazo biri hagati ya Apple na Samsung | Izi nganda ziregana kwibana uburenganzira ku bumenyi bwite (droit de la propriété intellectuelle) ku bikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora amatelefone agendanywa. Apple ivuga ko Samsung yayibye bimwe mu bikoresho ndetse n’ubumenyi bwakoreshejwe mu gukora telephone ndetse na mudasobwa ntoya igendanywa (tablet) ya Samsung Glaxy. Ibi byageze kure kuko mu minsi ishize Apple yigeze gusaba ko ibi bikoresho bya Samsung byavanywa ku isoko mu bihugu b’Iburayi. Iyi akaba ari nayo mpamvu nyamukuru yatumye komisiyo yo mu burayi yiyemeza gukora ubushakashatsi kuri icyo kibazo kugira ngo ukuri kujye ahagaragara. Ubu iperereza ryahereye muri Koreya y’amajyepfo aho uruganda rwa Samsung rukomoka. Nk’uko umuhanga mu bijyanye n’uburenganzira ku bumenyi bwite, Florian Mueller, yabitangarije ibiro ntaramakuru by’ubwongereza, ngo si ibyo gusa kuko izo nganda zinafitanye ibibazo ku bijyanye n’uburenganzira bwo gucuruza (droit de licence) ibicuruzwa byabo. Uruganda rwa Apple rukorera mu Amerika, rukaba rukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga byo mu bwoko bwa iPod, iPhone hamwe na iPad. Uru ruganda rwatangiye gukora imirimo yarwo taliki ya mbere Mata 1976 muri Leta ya California, rutangira rwitwa Apple Computer, Inc. ruza guhindurirwa izina rwitwa Apple Inc. taliki ya mbere Mutarama 1977, nyuma y’iminsi mirongo itatu ruvutse. Uruganda rwa Samsung rwo ni urwo muri Koreya y’amajyepfo, rukaba ruhereye mu mujyi wa Samsung ahitwa Seoul. Rwatangiye gukora kuva mu mwaka w’1947. Ubu urwo ruganda rukorana n’izindi nganda 6 zikomeye ku isi. Izo nganda ni Sony, Dell, HP, Verizon Communications, AT&T ndetse na Apple Inc bafitanye ibibazo. Anne Marie Niwemwiza |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mudasobwa/article/umunyafurika-yakoze-mudasobwa-ntoya-izwi-ku-izina-rya-tablet | Umunyafurika yakoze mudasobwa ntoya izwi ku izina rya « Tablet » | Mu kwezi kwa cyenda uyu mwaka nibwo iyo mudasobwa yashyizwe ahagaragara, mu nama y’ibijyanye n’ikorabuhanga rigezweho, yitwa « Africa Web Summit » yaberaga i Brazzaville ho muri Kongo. Ariko muri uku kwezi kwa cumi guhera tariki ya 17 nibwo iyo mudasobwa yatangiye kugera no mu bindi bihugu byo muri Afrika. Ubusanzwe byari bimenyerewe ko ibikoresho by’ikorababuhanga biza muri Afrika ariko byarakorewe mu bihugu byo hanze y’Afrika, cyane cyane mu Burayi, mu Bushinwa, ndetse no muri Amerika. Ariko ngo kuba umunyafrika yaragize igitekerezo cyo gukora mudasobwa byahise bihindura amateka. Gusa ariko ngo n’ubwo iyo mudasobwa yakorewe muri Kongo, yateranyirijwe mu gihugu cy’Ubushinwa. Ngo kubera ko muri Afrika nta bikoresho byo kuyiteranya byari bihari. Mudasobwa ntoya ariko ikora nk’izindi zisanzwe Ubundi mudasobwa ya « Tablet » ngo n’ubwo iba ari ntoya, kuburyo umuntu ashobora kuyitwara mu mufuka w’umwambaro yambaye, ngo ikora nk’izindi mudasobwa zisanzwe. Mu Rwanda naho nk’uko ikoranabuhanga riri gutera imbere izo mudasobwa hari abazitunze. Ingénieur Neza Nice Fabrice ushinzwe ibijyanye na tekinike (Techinque) kuri Radio Salus, asobanurira uko bene izo mudasobwa zikora. Atangira avuga ko « Tablet » ari mudasobwa nto cyane, ijya kungana na telefone zisanzwe cyangwa ikayiruta ho gatoya. Gusa ariko ngo ikikwereka ko ari mudasobwa ngo ni uko nayo ijyamo amaporogaramu (Programmes) akoreshwa n’izindi mudasobwa zisanzwe. Agira ati « iyo mudasobwa ishobora kujyamo za Windows, Linux hari n’izijyamo izo bita Android ». Avuga ko impamvu abantu bashobora kwitiranya iyo mudasobwa na telefone, ari uko hari telefone nazo zishobora kujyamo ayo maporogaramu. Agira ati « Kubera iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga izo porogaramu bagiye bazikoresha mu matelefoni amwe bita smart-phones : nka iPhone, za Blackbelly cyangwa iPad ». Yongeraho ko Tablet iba ari mudasobwa, kandi ngo iba ifite icyo bita « Touch-screen » (Ecran bakoreshamo intoki). Ng’aho kugira ngo wandike ukoresheje « Clavier » nk’izamudasobwa zisanzwe, ukora muri « Screen » cyangwa « Ecran » yayo, ukandika ukoresheje intoki cyangwa ikaramu yabugenewe. Akomeza avuga ko kandi mudasobwa ya « Tablet » itandukanye na Laptop zisanzwe, cyangwa se Laptop ntoya zitwa « Notbook ». Ikindi kandi ngo n’ubwo ari nto cyane, ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora nk’ibyo izindi mudasobwa zikora, hirengagijwe izishobora gukora ibintu byinshi icyarimwe. Ngo kuba rero abahanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga bagenda bakora ibikoresho bitoya umuntu ashobora kugendana aho agiye hose, ngo bifite akamaro.
Agira ati « Uko bagenda babigira bitoya bigenda bifasha buri muntu wese ubifite kubona amakuru ku buryo bworoshye ahantu aho ari ho hose ». Ubundi mudasobwa ntoya izwi ku izina rya Tablet, yabanje gukorwa n’uruganda rwa Microsoft rwo muri Amerika ruzwi ho gukora ibijyanye na za mudasobwa. Urwo ruganda rukaba rwarayikoze mu mwaka wa 2001. Kuva icyo gihe kugeza ubu izindi nganda zagerageje gukora izo mudasobwa, harimo uruganda rwa Apple narwo rukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, rwatangijwe n’umunyamerika Steve Jobs umaze iminsi yitabye Imana. Kuri rwo hiyongera ho uruganda RIM rwo muri Canada ruzwi ho gukora ibijyanye n’itumanaho ndetse n’izindi nganda zizwi mu ikoranabuhanga mu by’itumanaho. Norbert NIYIZURUGERO. |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/internet/article/muhanga-gukoresha-internet-ntibikiri-umwihariko-w-abanyakigali | Muhanga : Gukoresha internet ntibikiri umwihariko w’Abanyakigali | Cyber café Ikaze ni imwe mu nzu z’ubucuruzi bwa internet mu karere ka Muhanga. Ubuyobozi bwayo buvuga ko nubwo bizwi ko i Kigali ariho hari iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ko n’ i Muhanga n’aho abantu baryitabira cyane. Umukozi wa cyber café Ikaze agira ati: « Abakiriya baritabira kugura serivisi ya internet cyane. Dutangira akazi kuva saa moya za mugitondo kugeza saa tatu z’ijoro abakiriya bagihari. Hari abagura iminota nka 15 nibo benshi ariko hari n’abagura isaha imwe kugeza ku masaha agera kuri atatu. » Cyber café Alpha nayo ikorera mu karere ka Muhanga yakira abaguzi ba serivisi ya internet benshi. Umukozi muri iyi cyber avuga ko mu gihe abanyeshuri bo mu mashuri yisumbuye baba bari mu biruhuko ari bwo babona abakiriya benshi. Uyu mukozi agira ati : « Hano i Muhanga abantu bitabira ku bwinshi kugura serivisi ya internet muri za cyber café ku buryo bamwe bahaguruka abandi bicara. Hari abagura igihe kitageze ku isaha ariko kandi hari n’abagura amasaha. Hari igihe ku munsi tubona abakiriya bagera kuri magana atanu.» Abakiriya bavuga ko serivisi ya internet ibafitiye akamaro ariko ko aho iyo serivisi itangirwa hakiri hake.Umwe muri abo ni Rukundo Jean Aimé wiga mu kigo cy’amashuri yisumbuye cya Mutagatifu Yozefu (Saint Joseph) mu mwaka wa gatandatu. Agira ati : « Ubu mba naje kureba utuntu dutandukanye kuri internet ; cyane cyane amakuru. Naje kureba neza amakuru y’urupfu rwa Mouamar Ghadaffi. Hari igihe mwarimu atubwira aderesi twasangaho ibintu bitandukanye. Urumva ko idufasha cyane mu masomo.» Jean Aimé yongeyeho ko hari ikibazo cy’ubuke bw’ama cyber café. Ngo hari igihe aza akicara agategereza ko abandi barangiza gukoresha internet ariko habaye hari cyber nyinshi wasanga hamwe hari abantu benshi ugahita ujya ahandi. Ubu mu karere ka Muhanga hari cyber café eshanu gusa. U Rwanda ruragenda rutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga nkuko bigaragazwa n’ibigo bitandukanye bikora isesengura ku ikoranabuhanga ku isi. Mu mujyi wa Kigali niho higanje ibikorwa by’ikoranabuhanga cyane harimo na internet. Imijyi mito ndetse n’udu santeri tw’ubucuruzi nabyo biri kugenda byitabira ikoreshwa rya internet. Ibi bikaba bigaragarira ku ma cyber café agenda ashingwa. Jean Baptiste Micomyiza |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ubumenyi/article/umuhanga-mu-bya-mudasobwa-steve-jobs-yitabye-imana | Umuhanga mu bya mudasobwa Steve JOBS yitabye imana | Nyakwigendera Steve Jobs wishwe na canseri y’urwagashya yavutse kuwa 24 Gashyantare 1955 yamenyekanye cyane mu mwaka w’ 1976 ubwo we na mugenzi Steve Woziniak bashinze Apple computers. Bazwiho kuba barakoreye mu igarage ry’iwe mu rugo mu gihe bahangaga mudasobwa ya mbere yahawe izina rya Apple. Mu mwaka w’1984 yasohoye mudasobwa ya Macintosh 128k. Mu mwaka w’1998 ku itariki 6 za Gicurasi yongeye gusohora mudasobwa ya (iMac all in one) bivuga ko yari ikubiyemo byose iyi ikaba yaramamaye cyane nka mudasobwa itaruhanije kwimukana. Steve Jobs yongeye kugaragaza cyane ubuhanga bwe kuwa 23 Ukuboza 2001 ubwo yashyiraga ahagarara iPod iyi ikaba ifasha abantu kumva umuziki ko kureba amafilimi, gusa aho ubuhanga bwagaragariye cyane ni mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu kintu gito kandi gifite ubushobozi bwinshi. Vuba aha mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 2010 yahanze ikitwa iPad twagereranya na mudasobwa ntoya kandi ifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Uyu mugabo rero kwitaba imana kwe ni igihombo gikomeye ku bakunzi b’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kuko yari azwiho guhora ahanga udushya. Steve Jobs yitabye imana afite imyaka 56 asize abana batatu, umutungo w’uyu mugabo ubarirwa muri Miliyari zirenga 8 z’amdorari akaba ari mu bakire 50 ba mbere ku isi.
Imana imuhe iruhuko ridashira Byakusanijwe na Mutijima Abu Bernard |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mobayilo/BPR-yatangije-uburyo-bushya-bwo-kohereza-no-kwakira-amafaranga | BPR yatangije uburyo bushya bwo kohereza no kwakira amafaranga | Ubu buryo bushya, bwitwa “IZI Cash” butuma umufatabuguzi wa BPR ukoresha telefone yohereza amafaranga muri serivisi ya mobile money abasha kohereza amafaranga ku wundi muntu wese ufite telefone kabone n’ubwo yaba atari umufatabuguzi w’iyo banki. Richard Ndahiro, ushinzwe kwamamaza no guteza imbere serivisi nshya muri BPR, avuga ko ibijyanye no kohererezanya amafaranga byorohejwe ku buryo igisabwa ari ukuba mwese mufite telefone zigendanwa, ariko uwohereza akaba akoresha BPR mobile money. Yagize ati: “ukoresheje telefone yawe ushobora kohereza amafaranga ku nshuti n’abavandimwe ubundi bagafatira amafaranga yabo kuri ATM ibegereye nta karita bakoresheje”. Uwohererejwe amafaranga abona umubare w’ibanga ndetse n’ingano y’amafaranga yohererejwe, ubundi akajya kuri ATM agafata amafaranga ye.
Ndahiro yagize ati: “uwohererejwe amafaranga yandika umubare w’ibanga ndetse n’ingano y’amafaranga kuri ATM yose imwegereye maze agahabwa amafaranga ye ako kanya”. BPR ifite abakiriya bagera kuri miliyoni 1 n’ibihumbi 400. Ifite amashami agera ku 190 mu gihugu cyose; muri yo akoresha ikoranabuhanga rya interineti ni 144. Ubuyobozi bw’iyi banki buvuga ko bitarenze Kamena 2012, amashami yose azaba akoresha iryo koranabuhanga. Jean Noel Mugabo |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ibindi-bikoresho/Nzeyimana-Isidore-yahimbye-ishyiga-rya-kijyambere-Tekutangije | Nzeyimana Isidore yahimbye ishyiga rya kijyambere: “Tekutangije” | Iyo mbabura rero, ngo ishobora guteka ibintu byinshi inshuro imwe: ibiryo ku mashyiga, inyotse ziba zashyizwe mu ifuru ndetse n’amazi umuntu ashobora gushyushya mu gasiterine. Uretse kuba tekutangije ishobora guteka ibintu bitandukanye icyarimwe, ifite akarusho ko kurondereza inkwi. Tekutangije ifite amashyiga abiri kandi buri shyiga rifite aho bashyira inkwi. Hagati y’amashyiga hari ifuru, naho inyuma y’ibyo byose hakaba agasiterine gashyushya amazi. Nyezimana sobanura buri shyiga rijyamo ingeri 3 za sentimetero 15. Yemeza ko ingeri esheshatu zigahisha inkono enye (ebyiri ku mashyiga, ku ifuru no muri siterine). Ikindi cyiza cya Tekutangije ni uko umutetsi aticwa n’imyotsi kuko ifite uruhombo rurerure rujyana umwotsi kure. Akandi karusho ni uko iri shyiga riba riri kumwe n’ubwogerezo bumwe cyangwa bubiri (2 lavabos) bitewe n’icyifuzo cy’uyishaka hamwe n’ameza yo guteguriraho ibyo guteka. Ibyo byose (imbabura n’ibiyiherekeje) bikoze muri aluminium. Nzeyimana asobanura ko amashyiga akora arimo ibyiciro bitatu bitewe n’ingano y’amazi ashobora gushyushya. Irinini rishobora gushyushya litiro 20 rikaba rigura hagati ya 400000 na 300000. Irikurikiyeho rishobora gushyushya litiro 15 rikagura hagati y’amafaranga 300000 na 250000. Iritoya rishobora gushyushya litiro 10 rikaba rigura hagati y’amafaranga 250000 na 150000. Uretse Tekutangije, Nzeyimana Isidore akora na muvero zifashishwa mu gutekera abanyeshuri, shodiyeri (chaudière) zikora za vaperi (vapeurs), n’ibindi. Intego ye ni ukurengera ibidukikije. Nzayimana ni umwe mu bitabiriye ibiganiro ku bushakashatsi mpuzamahanga mu gukoresha ingufu tubungabunga ibidukikije yateguwe na kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda iherereye mu karere ka Huye. Ibi biganiro byatangiye tariki 16 bikazarangira tariki 18 ugushyingo 2011. Kakunze Alfred |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ubumenyi/article/thomas-suarez-w-imyaka-10-aragera-ikirenge-mu-cya-steve-jobs | Thomas Suarez w’imyaka 10 aragera ikirenge mu cya Steve Jobs | Ubwo bari mu nama yateguwe na TED (Technology Entertainment and Design) muri Manhattan ho muri Amerika, uyu mwana yatunguye benshi ubwo yasobanuriraga imbaga y’abari aho ibijyanye nibyo amaze gukora mu bigendanye n’ikoranabuhanga. Nubwo akiri muto, Thomas Suarez yumva afite inyota yo kuzagera ku bintu bikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga kuko ariho indoto ze ziri. Kugeza ubu amaze gukora applications ebyiri za telephone yo mu bwoko bwa iPhone zitwa Earth Fortune na Bustin Jieber. Izi applications ziraboneka ku rubuga rwa sosiyete Apple ikora amatelefone na mudasobwa. Mu ijambo rye uyu mwana yavuzeko abana benshi bagira ibikinisho cyangwa bakinira kuri interineti ariko bikarangirira aho. We rero ngo kuko akunda ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga yasabye iwabo kumwishyurira ama euro 73 kugirango ajye abasha kohereza ibyo yakoze muri sosiyete ya Apple, bikaba byaranamufashije kwiyigisha wenyine porogarame ya mudasobwa yitwa (Software Development Kit) kandi izo yakoze 2 za iPhone zikaba zimaze kwemerwa. Thomas Suarez, ukunda cyane Steve Jobs washinze sosiyete ya Apple. Ubu nawe amaze gushinga uruganda rucirirtse rwitwa CarrotCorp, ari narwo ateganya gushyiramo club ya Apple aho urubyiruko ruzajya ruza kwigira ibijyanye no gukora amaporogarame ya za mudasobwa. Marie Josee IKIBASUMBA |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mobayilo/article/isoko-rya-telefoni-zigendananwa-ririyongera-cyane-muri-afurika-kurusha-ahandi | Isoko rya telefoni zigendananwa ririyongera cyane muri Afurika kurusha ahandi | Iyi raporo ivuga ko kugeza ubu abantu miliyoni 649 muri Afurika bakoresha telefoni zigendanwa kandi buri myaka itanu abakoresha iri tumanaho muri afurika biyongeraho 20%. Mu mpera z’umwaka utaha wa 2012 bazaba bamaze kugera kuri miliyoni 738. Mu buhamya bwatanzwe na b’Abanyafurika benshi bagaragaza ko telefoni igendanwa muri iki gihe ibafatiye runini kuko ibafasha mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi; haba mu kazi ndetse no mu miryango. Gertrude Kitongo, umunyeshuri muri afurika y’epfo, yagize ati « telefoni yanjye nyikoresha ahantu hose, nyikoresha nka radiyo, nk’isomero, aho ndebera filime, nkayikoresha mu kwandikirana ubutumwa, nkamenya amakuru ya banki kandi ikamfasha no guhamagara.» Kitongo avuga ko telefoni ayiha agaciro kuko ngo yamubereye icyambu kimuhuza n’umuryango we uri muri Kenya na uganda ndetse n’inshuti ze biganye muri zimbabwe. Yanavuzeko kubwe yumva telefoni ye ntacyo yayigereranya nacyo kuko imufasha gukurikirana ibikorwa bya konti ye muri banki, akabasha kuba yareba ikiganiro akunda cya Oprah Winfrey kuri inerineti. Peter Lyons, ukorera muri GSMA mu kiganiro yagiranye n’abanyamakuru tariki 9/11/2011 ubwo iyi raporo yasohokaga, yatangaje ko kuba hakiri Abanyafurika benshi badafite uko bakoresha serivise zisanzwe z’amabanki nabyo biri mubyatumye uyu mubare uzamuka. Yanongeyeho ko uko ibikorwa remezo birimo imihanda n’amashanyarazi bikomeza kwiyongera muri Afurika ari nako abakoresha iri koranabuhanga barushaho kwiyongera. Nk’uko ikinyamakuru The Times cyo muri Afrika y’epfo dukesha iyi nkuru kibitangaza ngo, GSMA irakangurira ubuyobozi bw’ibihugu kugerageza kworohereza abaturage kubona ubu buryo bw’itumanaho hagabanywa imisoro ku bicuruzwa bigendanye naryo. Marie Josée Ikibasumba |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/utuntu-n-utundi/Uburayi-bugiye-gukemura-ibibazo-biri-hagati-ya-Apple-na-Samsung | Uburayi bugiye gukemura ibibazo biri hagati ya Apple na Samsung | Izi nganda ziregana kwibana uburenganzira ku bumenyi bwite (droit de la propriété intellectuelle) ku bikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora amatelefone agendanywa. Apple ivuga ko Samsung yayibye bimwe mu bikoresho ndetse n’ubumenyi bwakoreshejwe mu gukora telephone ndetse na mudasobwa ntoya igendanywa (tablet) ya Samsung Glaxy. Ibi byageze kure kuko mu minsi ishize Apple yigeze gusaba ko ibi bikoresho bya Samsung byavanywa ku isoko mu bihugu b’Iburayi. Iyi akaba ari nayo mpamvu nyamukuru yatumye komisiyo yo mu burayi yiyemeza gukora ubushakashatsi kuri icyo kibazo kugira ngo ukuri kujye ahagaragara. Ubu iperereza ryahereye muri Koreya y’amajyepfo aho uruganda rwa Samsung rukomoka. Nk’uko umuhanga mu bijyanye n’uburenganzira ku bumenyi bwite, Florian Mueller, yabitangarije ibiro ntaramakuru by’ubwongereza, ngo si ibyo gusa kuko izo nganda zinafitanye ibibazo ku bijyanye n’uburenganzira bwo gucuruza (droit de licence) ibicuruzwa byabo. Uruganda rwa Apple rukorera mu Amerika, rukaba rukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga byo mu bwoko bwa iPod, iPhone hamwe na iPad. Uru ruganda rwatangiye gukora imirimo yarwo taliki ya mbere Mata 1976 muri Leta ya California, rutangira rwitwa Apple Computer, Inc. ruza guhindurirwa izina rwitwa Apple Inc. taliki ya mbere Mutarama 1977, nyuma y’iminsi mirongo itatu ruvutse. Uruganda rwa Samsung rwo ni urwo muri Koreya y’amajyepfo, rukaba ruhereye mu mujyi wa Samsung ahitwa Seoul. Rwatangiye gukora kuva mu mwaka w’1947. Ubu urwo ruganda rukorana n’izindi nganda 6 zikomeye ku isi. Izo nganda ni Sony, Dell, HP, Verizon Communications, AT&T ndetse na Apple Inc bafitanye ibibazo. Anne Marie Niwemwiza |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mudasobwa/article/umunyafurika-yakoze-mudasobwa-ntoya-izwi-ku-izina-rya-tablet | Umunyafurika yakoze mudasobwa ntoya izwi ku izina rya « Tablet » | Mu kwezi kwa cyenda uyu mwaka nibwo iyo mudasobwa yashyizwe ahagaragara, mu nama y’ibijyanye n’ikorabuhanga rigezweho, yitwa « Africa Web Summit » yaberaga i Brazzaville ho muri Kongo. Ariko muri uku kwezi kwa cumi guhera tariki ya 17 nibwo iyo mudasobwa yatangiye kugera no mu bindi bihugu byo muri Afrika. Ubusanzwe byari bimenyerewe ko ibikoresho by’ikorababuhanga biza muri Afrika ariko byarakorewe mu bihugu byo hanze y’Afrika, cyane cyane mu Burayi, mu Bushinwa, ndetse no muri Amerika. Ariko ngo kuba umunyafrika yaragize igitekerezo cyo gukora mudasobwa byahise bihindura amateka. Gusa ariko ngo n’ubwo iyo mudasobwa yakorewe muri Kongo, yateranyirijwe mu gihugu cy’Ubushinwa. Ngo kubera ko muri Afrika nta bikoresho byo kuyiteranya byari bihari. Mudasobwa ntoya ariko ikora nk’izindi zisanzwe Ubundi mudasobwa ya « Tablet » ngo n’ubwo iba ari ntoya, kuburyo umuntu ashobora kuyitwara mu mufuka w’umwambaro yambaye, ngo ikora nk’izindi mudasobwa zisanzwe. Mu Rwanda naho nk’uko ikoranabuhanga riri gutera imbere izo mudasobwa hari abazitunze. Ingénieur Neza Nice Fabrice ushinzwe ibijyanye na tekinike (Techinque) kuri Radio Salus, asobanurira uko bene izo mudasobwa zikora. Atangira avuga ko « Tablet » ari mudasobwa nto cyane, ijya kungana na telefone zisanzwe cyangwa ikayiruta ho gatoya. Gusa ariko ngo ikikwereka ko ari mudasobwa ngo ni uko nayo ijyamo amaporogaramu (Programmes) akoreshwa n’izindi mudasobwa zisanzwe. Agira ati « iyo mudasobwa ishobora kujyamo za Windows, Linux hari n’izijyamo izo bita Android ». Avuga ko impamvu abantu bashobora kwitiranya iyo mudasobwa na telefone, ari uko hari telefone nazo zishobora kujyamo ayo maporogaramu. Agira ati « Kubera iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga izo porogaramu bagiye bazikoresha mu matelefoni amwe bita smart-phones : nka iPhone, za Blackbelly cyangwa iPad ». Yongeraho ko Tablet iba ari mudasobwa, kandi ngo iba ifite icyo bita « Touch-screen » (Ecran bakoreshamo intoki). Ng’aho kugira ngo wandike ukoresheje « Clavier » nk’izamudasobwa zisanzwe, ukora muri « Screen » cyangwa « Ecran » yayo, ukandika ukoresheje intoki cyangwa ikaramu yabugenewe. Akomeza avuga ko kandi mudasobwa ya « Tablet » itandukanye na Laptop zisanzwe, cyangwa se Laptop ntoya zitwa « Notbook ». Ikindi kandi ngo n’ubwo ari nto cyane, ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora nk’ibyo izindi mudasobwa zikora, hirengagijwe izishobora gukora ibintu byinshi icyarimwe. Ngo kuba rero abahanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga bagenda bakora ibikoresho bitoya umuntu ashobora kugendana aho agiye hose, ngo bifite akamaro.
Agira ati « Uko bagenda babigira bitoya bigenda bifasha buri muntu wese ubifite kubona amakuru ku buryo bworoshye ahantu aho ari ho hose ». Ubundi mudasobwa ntoya izwi ku izina rya Tablet, yabanje gukorwa n’uruganda rwa Microsoft rwo muri Amerika ruzwi ho gukora ibijyanye na za mudasobwa. Urwo ruganda rukaba rwarayikoze mu mwaka wa 2001. Kuva icyo gihe kugeza ubu izindi nganda zagerageje gukora izo mudasobwa, harimo uruganda rwa Apple narwo rukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, rwatangijwe n’umunyamerika Steve Jobs umaze iminsi yitabye Imana. Kuri rwo hiyongera ho uruganda RIM rwo muri Canada ruzwi ho gukora ibijyanye n’itumanaho ndetse n’izindi nganda zizwi mu ikoranabuhanga mu by’itumanaho. Norbert NIYIZURUGERO. |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/internet/article/muhanga-gukoresha-internet-ntibikiri-umwihariko-w-abanyakigali | Muhanga : Gukoresha internet ntibikiri umwihariko w’Abanyakigali | Cyber café Ikaze ni imwe mu nzu z’ubucuruzi bwa internet mu karere ka Muhanga. Ubuyobozi bwayo buvuga ko nubwo bizwi ko i Kigali ariho hari iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ko n’ i Muhanga n’aho abantu baryitabira cyane. Umukozi wa cyber café Ikaze agira ati: « Abakiriya baritabira kugura serivisi ya internet cyane. Dutangira akazi kuva saa moya za mugitondo kugeza saa tatu z’ijoro abakiriya bagihari. Hari abagura iminota nka 15 nibo benshi ariko hari n’abagura isaha imwe kugeza ku masaha agera kuri atatu. » Cyber café Alpha nayo ikorera mu karere ka Muhanga yakira abaguzi ba serivisi ya internet benshi. Umukozi muri iyi cyber avuga ko mu gihe abanyeshuri bo mu mashuri yisumbuye baba bari mu biruhuko ari bwo babona abakiriya benshi. Uyu mukozi agira ati : « Hano i Muhanga abantu bitabira ku bwinshi kugura serivisi ya internet muri za cyber café ku buryo bamwe bahaguruka abandi bicara. Hari abagura igihe kitageze ku isaha ariko kandi hari n’abagura amasaha. Hari igihe ku munsi tubona abakiriya bagera kuri magana atanu.» Abakiriya bavuga ko serivisi ya internet ibafitiye akamaro ariko ko aho iyo serivisi itangirwa hakiri hake.Umwe muri abo ni Rukundo Jean Aimé wiga mu kigo cy’amashuri yisumbuye cya Mutagatifu Yozefu (Saint Joseph) mu mwaka wa gatandatu. Agira ati : « Ubu mba naje kureba utuntu dutandukanye kuri internet ; cyane cyane amakuru. Naje kureba neza amakuru y’urupfu rwa Mouamar Ghadaffi. Hari igihe mwarimu atubwira aderesi twasangaho ibintu bitandukanye. Urumva ko idufasha cyane mu masomo.» Jean Aimé yongeyeho ko hari ikibazo cy’ubuke bw’ama cyber café. Ngo hari igihe aza akicara agategereza ko abandi barangiza gukoresha internet ariko habaye hari cyber nyinshi wasanga hamwe hari abantu benshi ugahita ujya ahandi. Ubu mu karere ka Muhanga hari cyber café eshanu gusa. U Rwanda ruragenda rutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga nkuko bigaragazwa n’ibigo bitandukanye bikora isesengura ku ikoranabuhanga ku isi. Mu mujyi wa Kigali niho higanje ibikorwa by’ikoranabuhanga cyane harimo na internet. Imijyi mito ndetse n’udu santeri tw’ubucuruzi nabyo biri kugenda byitabira ikoreshwa rya internet. Ibi bikaba bigaragarira ku ma cyber café agenda ashingwa. Jean Baptiste Micomyiza |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ubumenyi/article/umuhanga-mu-bya-mudasobwa-steve-jobs-yitabye-imana | Umuhanga mu bya mudasobwa Steve JOBS yitabye imana | Nyakwigendera Steve Jobs wishwe na canseri y’urwagashya yavutse kuwa 24 Gashyantare 1955 yamenyekanye cyane mu mwaka w’ 1976 ubwo we na mugenzi Steve Woziniak bashinze Apple computers. Bazwiho kuba barakoreye mu igarage ry’iwe mu rugo mu gihe bahangaga mudasobwa ya mbere yahawe izina rya Apple. Mu mwaka w’1984 yasohoye mudasobwa ya Macintosh 128k. Mu mwaka w’1998 ku itariki 6 za Gicurasi yongeye gusohora mudasobwa ya (iMac all in one) bivuga ko yari ikubiyemo byose iyi ikaba yaramamaye cyane nka mudasobwa itaruhanije kwimukana. Steve Jobs yongeye kugaragaza cyane ubuhanga bwe kuwa 23 Ukuboza 2001 ubwo yashyiraga ahagarara iPod iyi ikaba ifasha abantu kumva umuziki ko kureba amafilimi, gusa aho ubuhanga bwagaragariye cyane ni mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu kintu gito kandi gifite ubushobozi bwinshi. Vuba aha mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 2010 yahanze ikitwa iPad twagereranya na mudasobwa ntoya kandi ifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Uyu mugabo rero kwitaba imana kwe ni igihombo gikomeye ku bakunzi b’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kuko yari azwiho guhora ahanga udushya. Steve Jobs yitabye imana afite imyaka 56 asize abana batatu, umutungo w’uyu mugabo ubarirwa muri Miliyari zirenga 8 z’amdorari akaba ari mu bakire 50 ba mbere ku isi.
Imana imuhe iruhuko ridashira Byakusanijwe na Mutijima Abu Bernard |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mobayilo/BPR-yatangije-uburyo-bushya-bwo-kohereza-no-kwakira-amafaranga | BPR yatangije uburyo bushya bwo kohereza no kwakira amafaranga | Ubu buryo bushya, bwitwa “IZI Cash” butuma umufatabuguzi wa BPR ukoresha telefone yohereza amafaranga muri serivisi ya mobile money abasha kohereza amafaranga ku wundi muntu wese ufite telefone kabone n’ubwo yaba atari umufatabuguzi w’iyo banki. Richard Ndahiro, ushinzwe kwamamaza no guteza imbere serivisi nshya muri BPR, avuga ko ibijyanye no kohererezanya amafaranga byorohejwe ku buryo igisabwa ari ukuba mwese mufite telefone zigendanwa, ariko uwohereza akaba akoresha BPR mobile money. Yagize ati: “ukoresheje telefone yawe ushobora kohereza amafaranga ku nshuti n’abavandimwe ubundi bagafatira amafaranga yabo kuri ATM ibegereye nta karita bakoresheje”. Uwohererejwe amafaranga abona umubare w’ibanga ndetse n’ingano y’amafaranga yohererejwe, ubundi akajya kuri ATM agafata amafaranga ye.
Ndahiro yagize ati: “uwohererejwe amafaranga yandika umubare w’ibanga ndetse n’ingano y’amafaranga kuri ATM yose imwegereye maze agahabwa amafaranga ye ako kanya”. BPR ifite abakiriya bagera kuri miliyoni 1 n’ibihumbi 400. Ifite amashami agera ku 190 mu gihugu cyose; muri yo akoresha ikoranabuhanga rya interineti ni 144. Ubuyobozi bw’iyi banki buvuga ko bitarenze Kamena 2012, amashami yose azaba akoresha iryo koranabuhanga. Jean Noel Mugabo |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ibindi-bikoresho/Nzeyimana-Isidore-yahimbye-ishyiga-rya-kijyambere-Tekutangije | Nzeyimana Isidore yahimbye ishyiga rya kijyambere: “Tekutangije” | Iyo mbabura rero, ngo ishobora guteka ibintu byinshi inshuro imwe: ibiryo ku mashyiga, inyotse ziba zashyizwe mu ifuru ndetse n’amazi umuntu ashobora gushyushya mu gasiterine. Uretse kuba tekutangije ishobora guteka ibintu bitandukanye icyarimwe, ifite akarusho ko kurondereza inkwi. Tekutangije ifite amashyiga abiri kandi buri shyiga rifite aho bashyira inkwi. Hagati y’amashyiga hari ifuru, naho inyuma y’ibyo byose hakaba agasiterine gashyushya amazi. Nyezimana sobanura buri shyiga rijyamo ingeri 3 za sentimetero 15. Yemeza ko ingeri esheshatu zigahisha inkono enye (ebyiri ku mashyiga, ku ifuru no muri siterine). Ikindi cyiza cya Tekutangije ni uko umutetsi aticwa n’imyotsi kuko ifite uruhombo rurerure rujyana umwotsi kure. Akandi karusho ni uko iri shyiga riba riri kumwe n’ubwogerezo bumwe cyangwa bubiri (2 lavabos) bitewe n’icyifuzo cy’uyishaka hamwe n’ameza yo guteguriraho ibyo guteka. Ibyo byose (imbabura n’ibiyiherekeje) bikoze muri aluminium. Nzeyimana asobanura ko amashyiga akora arimo ibyiciro bitatu bitewe n’ingano y’amazi ashobora gushyushya. Irinini rishobora gushyushya litiro 20 rikaba rigura hagati ya 400000 na 300000. Irikurikiyeho rishobora gushyushya litiro 15 rikagura hagati y’amafaranga 300000 na 250000. Iritoya rishobora gushyushya litiro 10 rikaba rigura hagati y’amafaranga 250000 na 150000. Uretse Tekutangije, Nzeyimana Isidore akora na muvero zifashishwa mu gutekera abanyeshuri, shodiyeri (chaudière) zikora za vaperi (vapeurs), n’ibindi. Intego ye ni ukurengera ibidukikije. Nzayimana ni umwe mu bitabiriye ibiganiro ku bushakashatsi mpuzamahanga mu gukoresha ingufu tubungabunga ibidukikije yateguwe na kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda iherereye mu karere ka Huye. Ibi biganiro byatangiye tariki 16 bikazarangira tariki 18 ugushyingo 2011. Kakunze Alfred |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ubumenyi/article/thomas-suarez-w-imyaka-10-aragera-ikirenge-mu-cya-steve-jobs | Thomas Suarez w’imyaka 10 aragera ikirenge mu cya Steve Jobs | Ubwo bari mu nama yateguwe na TED (Technology Entertainment and Design) muri Manhattan ho muri Amerika, uyu mwana yatunguye benshi ubwo yasobanuriraga imbaga y’abari aho ibijyanye nibyo amaze gukora mu bigendanye n’ikoranabuhanga. Nubwo akiri muto, Thomas Suarez yumva afite inyota yo kuzagera ku bintu bikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga kuko ariho indoto ze ziri. Kugeza ubu amaze gukora applications ebyiri za telephone yo mu bwoko bwa iPhone zitwa Earth Fortune na Bustin Jieber. Izi applications ziraboneka ku rubuga rwa sosiyete Apple ikora amatelefone na mudasobwa. Mu ijambo rye uyu mwana yavuzeko abana benshi bagira ibikinisho cyangwa bakinira kuri interineti ariko bikarangirira aho. We rero ngo kuko akunda ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga yasabye iwabo kumwishyurira ama euro 73 kugirango ajye abasha kohereza ibyo yakoze muri sosiyete ya Apple, bikaba byaranamufashije kwiyigisha wenyine porogarame ya mudasobwa yitwa (Software Development Kit) kandi izo yakoze 2 za iPhone zikaba zimaze kwemerwa. Thomas Suarez, ukunda cyane Steve Jobs washinze sosiyete ya Apple. Ubu nawe amaze gushinga uruganda rucirirtse rwitwa CarrotCorp, ari narwo ateganya gushyiramo club ya Apple aho urubyiruko ruzajya ruza kwigira ibijyanye no gukora amaporogarame ya za mudasobwa. Marie Josee IKIBASUMBA |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mobayilo/article/isoko-rya-telefoni-zigendananwa-ririyongera-cyane-muri-afurika-kurusha-ahandi | Isoko rya telefoni zigendananwa ririyongera cyane muri Afurika kurusha ahandi | Iyi raporo ivuga ko kugeza ubu abantu miliyoni 649 muri Afurika bakoresha telefoni zigendanwa kandi buri myaka itanu abakoresha iri tumanaho muri afurika biyongeraho 20%. Mu mpera z’umwaka utaha wa 2012 bazaba bamaze kugera kuri miliyoni 738. Mu buhamya bwatanzwe na b’Abanyafurika benshi bagaragaza ko telefoni igendanwa muri iki gihe ibafatiye runini kuko ibafasha mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi; haba mu kazi ndetse no mu miryango. Gertrude Kitongo, umunyeshuri muri afurika y’epfo, yagize ati « telefoni yanjye nyikoresha ahantu hose, nyikoresha nka radiyo, nk’isomero, aho ndebera filime, nkayikoresha mu kwandikirana ubutumwa, nkamenya amakuru ya banki kandi ikamfasha no guhamagara.» Kitongo avuga ko telefoni ayiha agaciro kuko ngo yamubereye icyambu kimuhuza n’umuryango we uri muri Kenya na uganda ndetse n’inshuti ze biganye muri zimbabwe. Yanavuzeko kubwe yumva telefoni ye ntacyo yayigereranya nacyo kuko imufasha gukurikirana ibikorwa bya konti ye muri banki, akabasha kuba yareba ikiganiro akunda cya Oprah Winfrey kuri inerineti. Peter Lyons, ukorera muri GSMA mu kiganiro yagiranye n’abanyamakuru tariki 9/11/2011 ubwo iyi raporo yasohokaga, yatangaje ko kuba hakiri Abanyafurika benshi badafite uko bakoresha serivise zisanzwe z’amabanki nabyo biri mubyatumye uyu mubare uzamuka. Yanongeyeho ko uko ibikorwa remezo birimo imihanda n’amashanyarazi bikomeza kwiyongera muri Afurika ari nako abakoresha iri koranabuhanga barushaho kwiyongera. Nk’uko ikinyamakuru The Times cyo muri Afrika y’epfo dukesha iyi nkuru kibitangaza ngo, GSMA irakangurira ubuyobozi bw’ibihugu kugerageza kworohereza abaturage kubona ubu buryo bw’itumanaho hagabanywa imisoro ku bicuruzwa bigendanye naryo. Marie Josée Ikibasumba |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/utuntu-n-utundi/Uburayi-bugiye-gukemura-ibibazo-biri-hagati-ya-Apple-na-Samsung | Uburayi bugiye gukemura ibibazo biri hagati ya Apple na Samsung | Izi nganda ziregana kwibana uburenganzira ku bumenyi bwite (droit de la propriété intellectuelle) ku bikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora amatelefone agendanywa. Apple ivuga ko Samsung yayibye bimwe mu bikoresho ndetse n’ubumenyi bwakoreshejwe mu gukora telephone ndetse na mudasobwa ntoya igendanywa (tablet) ya Samsung Glaxy. Ibi byageze kure kuko mu minsi ishize Apple yigeze gusaba ko ibi bikoresho bya Samsung byavanywa ku isoko mu bihugu b’Iburayi. Iyi akaba ari nayo mpamvu nyamukuru yatumye komisiyo yo mu burayi yiyemeza gukora ubushakashatsi kuri icyo kibazo kugira ngo ukuri kujye ahagaragara. Ubu iperereza ryahereye muri Koreya y’amajyepfo aho uruganda rwa Samsung rukomoka. Nk’uko umuhanga mu bijyanye n’uburenganzira ku bumenyi bwite, Florian Mueller, yabitangarije ibiro ntaramakuru by’ubwongereza, ngo si ibyo gusa kuko izo nganda zinafitanye ibibazo ku bijyanye n’uburenganzira bwo gucuruza (droit de licence) ibicuruzwa byabo. Uruganda rwa Apple rukorera mu Amerika, rukaba rukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga byo mu bwoko bwa iPod, iPhone hamwe na iPad. Uru ruganda rwatangiye gukora imirimo yarwo taliki ya mbere Mata 1976 muri Leta ya California, rutangira rwitwa Apple Computer, Inc. ruza guhindurirwa izina rwitwa Apple Inc. taliki ya mbere Mutarama 1977, nyuma y’iminsi mirongo itatu ruvutse. Uruganda rwa Samsung rwo ni urwo muri Koreya y’amajyepfo, rukaba ruhereye mu mujyi wa Samsung ahitwa Seoul. Rwatangiye gukora kuva mu mwaka w’1947. Ubu urwo ruganda rukorana n’izindi nganda 6 zikomeye ku isi. Izo nganda ni Sony, Dell, HP, Verizon Communications, AT&T ndetse na Apple Inc bafitanye ibibazo. Anne Marie Niwemwiza |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mudasobwa/article/umunyafurika-yakoze-mudasobwa-ntoya-izwi-ku-izina-rya-tablet | Umunyafurika yakoze mudasobwa ntoya izwi ku izina rya « Tablet » | Mu kwezi kwa cyenda uyu mwaka nibwo iyo mudasobwa yashyizwe ahagaragara, mu nama y’ibijyanye n’ikorabuhanga rigezweho, yitwa « Africa Web Summit » yaberaga i Brazzaville ho muri Kongo. Ariko muri uku kwezi kwa cumi guhera tariki ya 17 nibwo iyo mudasobwa yatangiye kugera no mu bindi bihugu byo muri Afrika. Ubusanzwe byari bimenyerewe ko ibikoresho by’ikorababuhanga biza muri Afrika ariko byarakorewe mu bihugu byo hanze y’Afrika, cyane cyane mu Burayi, mu Bushinwa, ndetse no muri Amerika. Ariko ngo kuba umunyafrika yaragize igitekerezo cyo gukora mudasobwa byahise bihindura amateka. Gusa ariko ngo n’ubwo iyo mudasobwa yakorewe muri Kongo, yateranyirijwe mu gihugu cy’Ubushinwa. Ngo kubera ko muri Afrika nta bikoresho byo kuyiteranya byari bihari. Mudasobwa ntoya ariko ikora nk’izindi zisanzwe Ubundi mudasobwa ya « Tablet » ngo n’ubwo iba ari ntoya, kuburyo umuntu ashobora kuyitwara mu mufuka w’umwambaro yambaye, ngo ikora nk’izindi mudasobwa zisanzwe. Mu Rwanda naho nk’uko ikoranabuhanga riri gutera imbere izo mudasobwa hari abazitunze. Ingénieur Neza Nice Fabrice ushinzwe ibijyanye na tekinike (Techinque) kuri Radio Salus, asobanurira uko bene izo mudasobwa zikora. Atangira avuga ko « Tablet » ari mudasobwa nto cyane, ijya kungana na telefone zisanzwe cyangwa ikayiruta ho gatoya. Gusa ariko ngo ikikwereka ko ari mudasobwa ngo ni uko nayo ijyamo amaporogaramu (Programmes) akoreshwa n’izindi mudasobwa zisanzwe. Agira ati « iyo mudasobwa ishobora kujyamo za Windows, Linux hari n’izijyamo izo bita Android ». Avuga ko impamvu abantu bashobora kwitiranya iyo mudasobwa na telefone, ari uko hari telefone nazo zishobora kujyamo ayo maporogaramu. Agira ati « Kubera iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga izo porogaramu bagiye bazikoresha mu matelefoni amwe bita smart-phones : nka iPhone, za Blackbelly cyangwa iPad ». Yongeraho ko Tablet iba ari mudasobwa, kandi ngo iba ifite icyo bita « Touch-screen » (Ecran bakoreshamo intoki). Ng’aho kugira ngo wandike ukoresheje « Clavier » nk’izamudasobwa zisanzwe, ukora muri « Screen » cyangwa « Ecran » yayo, ukandika ukoresheje intoki cyangwa ikaramu yabugenewe. Akomeza avuga ko kandi mudasobwa ya « Tablet » itandukanye na Laptop zisanzwe, cyangwa se Laptop ntoya zitwa « Notbook ». Ikindi kandi ngo n’ubwo ari nto cyane, ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora nk’ibyo izindi mudasobwa zikora, hirengagijwe izishobora gukora ibintu byinshi icyarimwe. Ngo kuba rero abahanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga bagenda bakora ibikoresho bitoya umuntu ashobora kugendana aho agiye hose, ngo bifite akamaro.
Agira ati « Uko bagenda babigira bitoya bigenda bifasha buri muntu wese ubifite kubona amakuru ku buryo bworoshye ahantu aho ari ho hose ». Ubundi mudasobwa ntoya izwi ku izina rya Tablet, yabanje gukorwa n’uruganda rwa Microsoft rwo muri Amerika ruzwi ho gukora ibijyanye na za mudasobwa. Urwo ruganda rukaba rwarayikoze mu mwaka wa 2001. Kuva icyo gihe kugeza ubu izindi nganda zagerageje gukora izo mudasobwa, harimo uruganda rwa Apple narwo rukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, rwatangijwe n’umunyamerika Steve Jobs umaze iminsi yitabye Imana. Kuri rwo hiyongera ho uruganda RIM rwo muri Canada ruzwi ho gukora ibijyanye n’itumanaho ndetse n’izindi nganda zizwi mu ikoranabuhanga mu by’itumanaho. Norbert NIYIZURUGERO. |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/internet/article/muhanga-gukoresha-internet-ntibikiri-umwihariko-w-abanyakigali | Muhanga : Gukoresha internet ntibikiri umwihariko w’Abanyakigali | Cyber café Ikaze ni imwe mu nzu z’ubucuruzi bwa internet mu karere ka Muhanga. Ubuyobozi bwayo buvuga ko nubwo bizwi ko i Kigali ariho hari iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ko n’ i Muhanga n’aho abantu baryitabira cyane. Umukozi wa cyber café Ikaze agira ati: « Abakiriya baritabira kugura serivisi ya internet cyane. Dutangira akazi kuva saa moya za mugitondo kugeza saa tatu z’ijoro abakiriya bagihari. Hari abagura iminota nka 15 nibo benshi ariko hari n’abagura isaha imwe kugeza ku masaha agera kuri atatu. » Cyber café Alpha nayo ikorera mu karere ka Muhanga yakira abaguzi ba serivisi ya internet benshi. Umukozi muri iyi cyber avuga ko mu gihe abanyeshuri bo mu mashuri yisumbuye baba bari mu biruhuko ari bwo babona abakiriya benshi. Uyu mukozi agira ati : « Hano i Muhanga abantu bitabira ku bwinshi kugura serivisi ya internet muri za cyber café ku buryo bamwe bahaguruka abandi bicara. Hari abagura igihe kitageze ku isaha ariko kandi hari n’abagura amasaha. Hari igihe ku munsi tubona abakiriya bagera kuri magana atanu.» Abakiriya bavuga ko serivisi ya internet ibafitiye akamaro ariko ko aho iyo serivisi itangirwa hakiri hake.Umwe muri abo ni Rukundo Jean Aimé wiga mu kigo cy’amashuri yisumbuye cya Mutagatifu Yozefu (Saint Joseph) mu mwaka wa gatandatu. Agira ati : « Ubu mba naje kureba utuntu dutandukanye kuri internet ; cyane cyane amakuru. Naje kureba neza amakuru y’urupfu rwa Mouamar Ghadaffi. Hari igihe mwarimu atubwira aderesi twasangaho ibintu bitandukanye. Urumva ko idufasha cyane mu masomo.» Jean Aimé yongeyeho ko hari ikibazo cy’ubuke bw’ama cyber café. Ngo hari igihe aza akicara agategereza ko abandi barangiza gukoresha internet ariko habaye hari cyber nyinshi wasanga hamwe hari abantu benshi ugahita ujya ahandi. Ubu mu karere ka Muhanga hari cyber café eshanu gusa. U Rwanda ruragenda rutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga nkuko bigaragazwa n’ibigo bitandukanye bikora isesengura ku ikoranabuhanga ku isi. Mu mujyi wa Kigali niho higanje ibikorwa by’ikoranabuhanga cyane harimo na internet. Imijyi mito ndetse n’udu santeri tw’ubucuruzi nabyo biri kugenda byitabira ikoreshwa rya internet. Ibi bikaba bigaragarira ku ma cyber café agenda ashingwa. Jean Baptiste Micomyiza |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ubumenyi/article/umuhanga-mu-bya-mudasobwa-steve-jobs-yitabye-imana | Umuhanga mu bya mudasobwa Steve JOBS yitabye imana | Nyakwigendera Steve Jobs wishwe na canseri y’urwagashya yavutse kuwa 24 Gashyantare 1955 yamenyekanye cyane mu mwaka w’ 1976 ubwo we na mugenzi Steve Woziniak bashinze Apple computers. Bazwiho kuba barakoreye mu igarage ry’iwe mu rugo mu gihe bahangaga mudasobwa ya mbere yahawe izina rya Apple. Mu mwaka w’1984 yasohoye mudasobwa ya Macintosh 128k. Mu mwaka w’1998 ku itariki 6 za Gicurasi yongeye gusohora mudasobwa ya (iMac all in one) bivuga ko yari ikubiyemo byose iyi ikaba yaramamaye cyane nka mudasobwa itaruhanije kwimukana. Steve Jobs yongeye kugaragaza cyane ubuhanga bwe kuwa 23 Ukuboza 2001 ubwo yashyiraga ahagarara iPod iyi ikaba ifasha abantu kumva umuziki ko kureba amafilimi, gusa aho ubuhanga bwagaragariye cyane ni mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu kintu gito kandi gifite ubushobozi bwinshi. Vuba aha mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 2010 yahanze ikitwa iPad twagereranya na mudasobwa ntoya kandi ifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Uyu mugabo rero kwitaba imana kwe ni igihombo gikomeye ku bakunzi b’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kuko yari azwiho guhora ahanga udushya. Steve Jobs yitabye imana afite imyaka 56 asize abana batatu, umutungo w’uyu mugabo ubarirwa muri Miliyari zirenga 8 z’amdorari akaba ari mu bakire 50 ba mbere ku isi.
Imana imuhe iruhuko ridashira Byakusanijwe na Mutijima Abu Bernard |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/mobayilo/BPR-yatangije-uburyo-bushya-bwo-kohereza-no-kwakira-amafaranga | BPR yatangije uburyo bushya bwo kohereza no kwakira amafaranga | Ubu buryo bushya, bwitwa “IZI Cash” butuma umufatabuguzi wa BPR ukoresha telefone yohereza amafaranga muri serivisi ya mobile money abasha kohereza amafaranga ku wundi muntu wese ufite telefone kabone n’ubwo yaba atari umufatabuguzi w’iyo banki. Richard Ndahiro, ushinzwe kwamamaza no guteza imbere serivisi nshya muri BPR, avuga ko ibijyanye no kohererezanya amafaranga byorohejwe ku buryo igisabwa ari ukuba mwese mufite telefone zigendanwa, ariko uwohereza akaba akoresha BPR mobile money. Yagize ati: “ukoresheje telefone yawe ushobora kohereza amafaranga ku nshuti n’abavandimwe ubundi bagafatira amafaranga yabo kuri ATM ibegereye nta karita bakoresheje”. Uwohererejwe amafaranga abona umubare w’ibanga ndetse n’ingano y’amafaranga yohererejwe, ubundi akajya kuri ATM agafata amafaranga ye.
Ndahiro yagize ati: “uwohererejwe amafaranga yandika umubare w’ibanga ndetse n’ingano y’amafaranga kuri ATM yose imwegereye maze agahabwa amafaranga ye ako kanya”. BPR ifite abakiriya bagera kuri miliyoni 1 n’ibihumbi 400. Ifite amashami agera ku 190 mu gihugu cyose; muri yo akoresha ikoranabuhanga rya interineti ni 144. Ubuyobozi bw’iyi banki buvuga ko bitarenze Kamena 2012, amashami yose azaba akoresha iryo koranabuhanga. Jean Noel Mugabo |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ibindi-bikoresho/Nzeyimana-Isidore-yahimbye-ishyiga-rya-kijyambere-Tekutangije | Nzeyimana Isidore yahimbye ishyiga rya kijyambere: “Tekutangije” | Iyo mbabura rero, ngo ishobora guteka ibintu byinshi inshuro imwe: ibiryo ku mashyiga, inyotse ziba zashyizwe mu ifuru ndetse n’amazi umuntu ashobora gushyushya mu gasiterine. Uretse kuba tekutangije ishobora guteka ibintu bitandukanye icyarimwe, ifite akarusho ko kurondereza inkwi. Tekutangije ifite amashyiga abiri kandi buri shyiga rifite aho bashyira inkwi. Hagati y’amashyiga hari ifuru, naho inyuma y’ibyo byose hakaba agasiterine gashyushya amazi. Nyezimana sobanura buri shyiga rijyamo ingeri 3 za sentimetero 15. Yemeza ko ingeri esheshatu zigahisha inkono enye (ebyiri ku mashyiga, ku ifuru no muri siterine). Ikindi cyiza cya Tekutangije ni uko umutetsi aticwa n’imyotsi kuko ifite uruhombo rurerure rujyana umwotsi kure. Akandi karusho ni uko iri shyiga riba riri kumwe n’ubwogerezo bumwe cyangwa bubiri (2 lavabos) bitewe n’icyifuzo cy’uyishaka hamwe n’ameza yo guteguriraho ibyo guteka. Ibyo byose (imbabura n’ibiyiherekeje) bikoze muri aluminium. Nzeyimana asobanura ko amashyiga akora arimo ibyiciro bitatu bitewe n’ingano y’amazi ashobora gushyushya. Irinini rishobora gushyushya litiro 20 rikaba rigura hagati ya 400000 na 300000. Irikurikiyeho rishobora gushyushya litiro 15 rikagura hagati y’amafaranga 300000 na 250000. Iritoya rishobora gushyushya litiro 10 rikaba rigura hagati y’amafaranga 250000 na 150000. Uretse Tekutangije, Nzeyimana Isidore akora na muvero zifashishwa mu gutekera abanyeshuri, shodiyeri (chaudière) zikora za vaperi (vapeurs), n’ibindi. Intego ye ni ukurengera ibidukikije. Nzayimana ni umwe mu bitabiriye ibiganiro ku bushakashatsi mpuzamahanga mu gukoresha ingufu tubungabunga ibidukikije yateguwe na kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda iherereye mu karere ka Huye. Ibi biganiro byatangiye tariki 16 bikazarangira tariki 18 ugushyingo 2011. Kakunze Alfred |
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| ikoranabuhanga | technology | https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ubumenyi/article/thomas-suarez-w-imyaka-10-aragera-ikirenge-mu-cya-steve-jobs | Thomas Suarez w’imyaka 10 aragera ikirenge mu cya Steve Jobs | Ubwo bari mu nama yateguwe na TED (Technology Entertainment and Design) muri Manhattan ho muri Amerika, uyu mwana yatunguye benshi ubwo yasobanuriraga imbaga y’abari aho ibijyanye nibyo amaze gukora mu bigendanye n’ikoranabuhanga. Nubwo akiri muto, Thomas Suarez yumva afite inyota yo kuzagera ku bintu bikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga kuko ariho indoto ze ziri. Kugeza ubu amaze gukora applications ebyiri za telephone yo mu bwoko bwa iPhone zitwa Earth Fortune na Bustin Jieber. Izi applications ziraboneka ku rubuga rwa sosiyete Apple ikora amatelefone na mudasobwa. Mu ijambo rye uyu mwana yavuzeko abana benshi bagira ibikinisho cyangwa bakinira kuri interineti ariko bikarangirira aho. We rero ngo kuko akunda ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga yasabye iwabo kumwishyurira ama euro 73 kugirango ajye abasha kohereza ibyo yakoze muri sosiyete ya Apple, bikaba byaranamufashije kwiyigisha wenyine porogarame ya mudasobwa yitwa (Software Development Kit) kandi izo yakoze 2 za iPhone zikaba zimaze kwemerwa. Thomas Suarez, ukunda cyane Steve Jobs washinze sosiyete ya Apple. Ubu nawe amaze gushinga uruganda rucirirtse rwitwa CarrotCorp, ari narwo ateganya gushyiramo club ya Apple aho urubyiruko ruzajya ruza kwigira ibijyanye no gukora amaporogarame ya za mudasobwa. Marie Josee IKIBASUMBA |