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<s>[INST] Can I get sick with COVID-19 from drinking water? [/INST] The risk coronaviruses pose to drinking water is considered to be low and SARS-CoV-2 virus has not been detected in drinking water supplies. Drinking water treatment methods neutralize infectious pathogens present in the water. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus, which means it has a fragile fatty envelope that is easily destroyed by the treatment process. Therefore, treated drinking water does not pose a risk for COVID-19. Source: WHO. Link: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-masks. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: COVID </s>

<s>[INST] What is HIV? [/INST] HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. HIV is a retrovirus that infects cells of the human immune system (mainly CD4-positive T-cells and macrophages—key components of the cellular immune system) and destroys or impairs their function. Infection with this virus results in the progressive depletion of the immune system, leading to immunodeficiency. The immune system is considered deficient when it can no longer fulfil its role of fighting off infection and diseases. People with immunodeficiency are much more vulnerable to a wide range of infections and cancers, most of which are rare among people without immunodeficiency. Diseases associated with severe immunodeficiency are known as opportunistic infections because they take advantage of a weakened immune system Source: UNAIDS. Link: https://www.unaids.org/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv-and-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of HIV? [/INST] Most people infected with HIV do not know that they have become infected. Immediately after the infection, some people have a glandular fever-like illness (with fever, rash, joint pains and enlarged lymph nodes), which can occur at the time of seroconversion. Seroconversion refers to the development of antibodies to HIV and usually takes place between one and two months after an infection has occurred (see question 32). Despite the fact that HIV infection often does not cause any symptoms, a person newly infected with HIV is infectious and can transmit the virus to another person (see question 7). The way to determine whether HIV infection has occurred is by taking an HIV test (see question 31). HIV infection causes a gradual depletion and weakening of the immune system. This results in an increased susceptibility of the body to infections and cancers and can lead to the development of AIDS (see questions 2 and 4). Source: UNAIDS. Link: https://www.unaids.org/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv-and-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] When does a person have AIDS? [/INST] The term AIDS applies to the most advanced stages of HIV infection. The majority of people infected with HIV, if not treated, develop signs of AIDS within eight to 10 years. AIDS is identified on the basis of certain infections. Stage 1 HIV disease is asymptomatic and not categorized as AIDS. Stage II (includes minor mucocutaneous manifestations and recurrent upper respiratory tract infections), III (includes unexplained chronic diarrhoea for longer than a month, severe bacterial infections and pulmonary tuberculosis) or IV (includes toxoplasmosis of the brain, candidiasis of the oesophagus, trachea, bronchi or lungs and Kaposi’s sarcoma) HIV disease are used as indicators of AIDS. Most of these conditions are opportunistic infections that can be treated easily in healthy people. In addition, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention defines AIDS on the basis of a CD4-positive T-cell count of less than 200 per mm3 of blood (see: http://www.cdc.gov/epo/dphsi/print/aids1993.htm). CD4-positive T-cells are critical in mounting an effective immune response to infections. Source: UNAIDS. Link: https://www.unaids.org/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv-and-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How quickly do people infected with HIV develop AIDS? [/INST] The length of time can vary widely between individuals. The time between infection with HIV and becoming ill with AIDS can be 10–15 years, sometimes longer, but sometimes shorter. Antiretroviral therapy can prevent progression to AIDS by decreasing viral load in an infected body (see question 26). Source: UNAIDS. Link: https://www.unaids.org/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv-and-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Where is HIV found? [/INST] HIV can be found in body fluids, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids and breast milk. Source: UNAIDS. Link: https://www.unaids.org/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv-and-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What is the risk of transmitting HIV through kissing or deep kissing? [/INST] Transmission through kissing on the mouth carries no risk, and no evidence has been found that the virus is spread through saliva by kissing. Source: UNAIDS. Link: https://www.unaids.org/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv-and-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What is the risk of transmitting HIV through body piercing or tattooing? [/INST] A risk of HIV transmission does exist if contaminated instruments are either not sterilized or are shared with others. Instruments that are intended to penetrate the skin should be used once, then disposed of or thoroughly cleaned and sterilized. Source: UNAIDS. Link: https://www.unaids.org/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv-and-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What is the risk of transmitting HIV through sharing razors with an infected person? [/INST] Any kind of cut using an unsterilized object, such as a razor or knife, can transmit HIV. Sharing razors is not advisable unless they are fully sterilized after each use. Source: UNAIDS. Link: https://www.unaids.org/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv-and-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Is it safe to have sex with a person living with HIV? [/INST] Having sex with someone living with HIV is safe if the person’s virus is fully suppressed by treatment. Sex is also safe if a condom is used properly or if you are taking pre-exposure prophylaxis in accordance with your health-care provider’s recommendations. Source: UNAIDS. Link: https://www.unaids.org/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv-and-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Is it safe for two people living with HIV to engage in unprotected sex exclusively with each other? [/INST] It is best for someone living with HIV to avoid becoming infected with a different strain of the virus. Therefore, the advice given in question 11 should be followed, except for the advice about pre-exposure prophylaxis, which is never used by people living with HIV. Source: UNAIDS. Link: https://www.unaids.org/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv-and-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How effective are condoms in preventing HIV? [/INST] Quality-assured condoms are the only products currently available to protect against sexual infection by HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. When used properly, condoms are a proven and effective means of preventing HIV infection among women and men. In order to achieve the protective effect of condoms, they must be used correctly and consistently. Incorrect use can lead to condom slippage or breakage, thus diminishing their protective effect. Source: UNAIDS. Link: https://www.unaids.org/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv-and-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What is post-exposure preventive treatment? [/INST] Post-exposure preventive (PEP) treatment consists of medication, laboratory tests and counselling. PEP treatment must be initiated within hours of possible HIV exposure and must continue for a period of approximately four weeks. Research studies suggest that, if the medication is initiated quickly after possible HIV exposure (ideally within two hours and not later than 72 hours following such exposure), it is beneficial in preventing HIV infection. Source: UNAIDS. Link: https://www.unaids.org/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv-and-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How can injecting drug users reduce their risk of contracting HIV? [/INST] For injecting drug users, certain steps can be taken to reduce personal and public health risks: Take drugs orally (change from injecting to non-injecting drug use). Never re-use or share syringes, water or drug-preparation equipment. Use a new syringe (obtained from a reliable source, e.g. a chemist or via a needle–syringe programme) to prepare and inject drugs each time. When preparing drugs, use sterile water or clean water from a reliable source. Using a fresh alcohol swab, clean the injection site prior to injection. Source: UNAIDS. Link: https://www.unaids.org/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv-and-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How can mother-to-child transmission be prevented? [/INST] Transmission of HIV from a mother living with HIV to her baby can occur during pregnancy, during labour or after delivery through breastfeeding. In the absence of any intervention, an estimated 15–30% of mothers living with HIV will transmit the infection during pregnancy and delivery. Breastfeeding increases the risk of transmission by 10–15%. This risk depends on clinical factors and may vary according to the pattern and duration of breastfeeding. Great progress has been made in reducing the number of children born with HIV. The risk of a woman living with HIV passing the virus on to her child can be reduced to 5% or less with effective antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding. Primary prevention of new HIV infections among women of childbearing age, coupled with early access to prenatal care and HIV testing, are key to the strategy, with women living with HIV also encouraged to remain on lifelong treatment for their own health (the Option B+ strategy). Early infant diagnosis is essential to identify the HIV status of infants and to improve prevention and treatment programmes, as peak mortality occurs between six weeks to four months of age for children who have acquired HIV infection Source: UNAIDS. Link: https://www.unaids.org/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv-and-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Is there a cure for HIV? [/INST] There is no cure for HIV. However, there is effective treatment, which, if started promptly and taken regularly, results in a quality and length of life for someone living with HIV that is similar to that expected in the absence of infection. Source: UNAIDS. Link: https://www.unaids.org/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv-and-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What treatment is available? [/INST] Antiretroviral medicines are used in the treatment of HIV infection. They work against HIV infection by blocking the reproduction of HIV in the body (see question 4). When a person living with HIV is on effective antiretroviral therapy, they are no longer infectious. Source: UNAIDS. Link: https://www.unaids.org/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv-and-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What is an HIV test? [/INST] An HIV test is a test that reveals whether a person has been infected with HIV. Commonly used HIV tests detect the antibodies produced by the immune system in response to HIV, as they are much easier (and cheaper) to detect than the virus itself. Antibodies are produced by the immune system in response to an infection. For most people, it takes a month for these antibodies to develop. Antibodies can be found in blood or oral fluid. Source: UNAIDS. Link: https://www.unaids.org/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv-and-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How long after possible exposure should I wait to be tested for HIV? [/INST] Generally, it is recommended that you wait three months after possible exposure before being tested for HIV. Although HIV antibody tests are very sensitive, there is a window period of up to two months, depending on the specific test being used, which is the period between infection with HIV and the appearance of detectable antibodies to the virus. In the case of the most sensitive anti-HIV tests currently recommended, the window period is about three weeks. This period may be longer if less-sensitive tests are used. During the window period, people infected with HIV have no antibodies in their blood that can be detected by an HIV test. However, the person may already have high levels of HIV in their body fluids, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids and breast milk. HIV can be passed on to another person during the window period even though an HIV test may not show that they are infected with HIV. Source: UNAIDS. Link: https://www.unaids.org/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv-and-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Why should I get an HIV test? [/INST] Knowing your HIV status has two vital benefits. Firstly, if you are HIV-infected, you can start treatment promptly, thereby potentially prolonging your life for many years (see question 36). Secondly, if you know you are infected, you can take all the necessary precautions to prevent the spread of HIV to others (see question 13). If you are not infected with HIV, you can learn how to protect yourself from HIV in the future Source: UNAIDS. Link: https://www.unaids.org/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv-and-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Where can I get tested? [/INST] There are many places where you can be tested for HIV: in the offices of a private doctor, a local health department, hospitals, family planning clinics and sites specifically set up for HIV testing. Always try to find testing at a place where counselling is provided about HIV. You can also take an HIV test in privacy by using an HIV self-test kit. However you should go and see your health-care provider in the event of a positive test result for confirmation and seeking appropriate treatment. Source: UNAIDS. Link: https://www.unaids.org/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv-and-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What do I do if I have HIV? [/INST] Thanks to new treatments, people living with HIV can now live long, healthy lives. It is very important to make sure you have a doctor who knows how to treat HIV. A health-care professional or trained HIV counsellor can provide counselling and help you to find an appropriate doctor. Source: UNAIDS. Link: https://www.unaids.org/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv-and-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What does it mean if I test negative for HIV? [/INST] A negative test result means that no HIV antibodies were found in your blood at the time of testing. If you are negative, make sure you stay that way: learn the facts about HIV transmission and avoid engaging in unsafe behaviour. However, there is still a possibility of being infected, since it can take up to three months for your immune system to produce enough antibodies to show infection in a blood test. It is advisable to be retested at a later date and to take appropriate precautions in the meantime. During the window period, a person is highly infectious, and should therefore take measures to prevent any possible transmission. Source: UNAIDS. Link: https://www.unaids.org/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv-and-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] I’m living with HIV. What should I know about COVID-19? [/INST] COVID-19 is a serious disease and all people living with HIV should take all recommended preventive measures to minimize exposure to, and prevent infection by, the virus that causes COVID-19. As in the general population, older people living with HIV or people living with HIV with heart or lung problems may be at a higher risk of becoming infected with the virus and of suffering more serious symptoms. We will actively learn more about how HIV and COVID-19 together impact on people living with HIV from countries and communities responding to both epidemics. Lessons in rolling out innovations or adapting service delivery to minimize the impact on people living with HIV will be shared and replicated as they become available. Until more is known, people living with HIV—especially those with advanced or poorly controlled HIV disease—should be cautious and pay attention to the prevention measures and recommendations. Source: UNAIDS. Link: https://www.unaids.org/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv-and-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How should key populations protect themselves against HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic? [/INST] Key populations, including people who use drugs, sex workers, gay men and other men who have sex with men, transgender people and prisoners, should continue to ensure that they have essential means to prevent HIV infection, such as sterile needles and syringes and/or opioid substitution therapy, condoms and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Source: UNAIDS. Link: https://www.unaids.org/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv-and-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How do we ensure that human rights are respected and reduce stigma and discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic? [/INST] UNAIDS urges all countries to ensure an appropriate balance between protecting health, preventing economic and social disruption and respecting human rights. UNAIDS and partners are working to ensure that human rights are not eroded in the response to COVID-19 and to ensure that people living with or affected by HIV are offered the same access to services as others and to ensure that HIV-related services continue without disruption. In the light of overcrowding in many prisons and other places of detention, which undermines hygiene, health, safety and human dignity, a health response alone to COVID-19 in closed settings alone is insufficient. UNAIDS urges political leaders to ensure that COVID-19 preparedness and responses in closed settings are identified and implemented in line with fundamental human rights Source: UNAIDS. Link: https://www.unaids.org/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv-and-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What should I do if I am worried about gender-based violence during the COVID-19 pandemic? [/INST] If you are experiencing violence, it may be helpful to reach out to family, friends and neighbours, to seek support from a hotline or, if safe, from an online service for survivors of violence. Find out if local services (e.g. shelters, counselling) are open and reach out to them if available. Make a safety plan in case the violence against you or your children escalates. This includes: Identifying a neighbour, friend, relative, colleague or shelter to go to in case you need to leave the house immediately for safety. Have a plan for how you will exit the house safely and how you will reach there (e.g. transport). Keep a few essential items (e.g. identification documents, phone, money, medicines, and clothes) available, and a list of telephone numbers in case of an emergency. If possible, develop a code with a trusted neighbour so they can come to your aid in case of an emergency. Source: UNAIDS. Link: https://www.unaids.org/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv-and-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What should I do if I am concerned about my mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic? [/INST] Pay particular attention to your mental health by: Avoiding excessive exposure to media coverage of COVID-19. Only read information from trusted sources. Taking care of your body. Take deep breaths, stretch or meditate. Try to eat healthy, well-balanced meals, exercise regularly, get plenty of sleep and, where possible, avoid alcohol and drugs. Making time to unwind and reminding yourself that negative feelings will fade. Take breaks from watching, reading or listening to news stories—it can be upsetting to hear about the crisis repeatedly. Try to do some other activities you enjoy in order to return to your normal life. Connecting with others. Share your concerns and how you are feeling with a friend or family member. Source: UNAIDS. Link: https://www.unaids.org/en/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv-and-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How Is HIV Passed From One Person to Another? [/INST] People get HIV through contact with body fluids that come from someone who has it. The most common ways that someone can get HIV are by: Having sex (anal, vaginal, or oral) with a person who has HIV without using a condom Sharing drug needles or other drug equipment with someone who has HIV Using the same needle as someone with HIV when you get a tattoo Women with HIV can pass it to their babies before or during birth, and through breastfeeding. Source: WEBMD. Link: https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/faq-hiv-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Do Only Gay People Get HIV? [/INST] You don't have to be gay to get an HIV infection. You can get HIV from having sex -- without a condom -- with someone of the opposite sex. Source: WEBMD. Link: https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/faq-hiv-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How Can I Avoid Getting HIV? [/INST] The best way to avoid getting HIV is to not have sex. If you do have sex, you can protect yourself with these steps: Always use a condom when having sex. Exclusively have sex with one person who is not infected. Do not use alcohol or drugs. That way you can make smart choices based on clear thinking. Activities like hugging, kissing, and rubbing against one another don't spread HIV as long as there are no open sores being touched. Also, you can't give yourself HIV by masturbating. Source: WEBMD. Link: https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/faq-hiv-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Can Latex Condoms Prevent HIV? [/INST] When used consistently and correctly, they're very good at stopping the spread of HIV during sex. But condom use can't give you perfect protection. If either partner is allergic to latex, try plastic (polyurethane) condoms. You can get them for both men and women. Source: WEBMD. Link: https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/faq-hiv-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Can I Get HIV From Oral Sex? [/INST] Yes, it's possible -- whether you're giving or getting oral sex. While no one knows exactly how risky it is, evidence suggests it has less of a risk than unprotected anal or vaginal sex. You should use protection for oral sex, too: A latex condom on a man, and a latex barrier between a woman's vagina and their partner's mouth. This barrier could be a natural rubber latex sheet, a dental dam, or a cut-open condom that makes a square. In a pinch, you can even use plastic food wrap. Source: WEBMD. Link: https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/faq-hiv-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Can I Get HIV From Anal Sex? [/INST] Yes. In fact, anal sex without a condom is very risky behavior. Either sex partner can become infected with HIV. When you have anal sex, use a latex condom. They're more likely to break during anal than vaginal sex, so also use a lot of water-based lubricant to lower the chance of that happening. Source: WEBMD. Link: https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/faq-hiv-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Can I Get HIV From Getting a Tattoo? [/INST] Yes, if the person who gives you the tattoo uses the same needle that was used on someone who has HIV. That's because any activity that can result in blood getting passed from one person to another carries a risk of HIV infection. Source: WEBMD. Link: https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/faq-hiv-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Can I Get HIV From Someone Sneezing on Me or From Touching Someone's Used Tissue? [/INST] No. HIV is not passed on in sweat, saliva, or tears. Some other things to know: Body fluids that contain the highest concentration of HIV are blood, semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk, and other fluids that contain blood. You can't catch it from casual contact like you can a cold or the flu. Holding hands or touching someone's skin won't cause you to get the virus. Sharing a drinking glass with someone does not spread the virus. Open mouth (French) kissing is very low risk for getting the virus unless there are open sores in the mouth or there is blood present. Source: WEBMD. Link: https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/faq-hiv-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How Can I Tell if I Have HIV? Are There Symptoms? [/INST] Many people who have HIV don't have any symptoms at all for many years. The only way to know if you're infected is to get tested. Don't wait for symptoms to show up. If you find out you're infected soon after it happens, you'll have more options for treatment and care to help prevent you from getting sick Source: WEBMD. Link: https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/faq-hiv-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How Do I Get Tested for HIV? [/INST] Most often, a technician or doctor will draw blood from your vein and check it to see if there are antibodies for HIV. You can also test other body fluids -- oral fluid (not saliva, collected from your mouth using a special device) or urine -- but these aren't as sensitive or accurate as traditional blood tests. Some rapid screening tests can give results in 20-60 minutes. Current blood tests can find both antibodies and a part of the virus itself. These could give a positive result as soon as 3 weeks after HIV exposure. Home testing kits found at drugstores are really home collection kits. You prick your finger with a special device, place drops of blood on a specially treated card, and then mail the card in for testing at a licensed lab. If any of these screening tests say you're positive, follow up with a doctor and more testing to confirm it. Source: WEBMD. Link: https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/faq-hiv-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Where Can I Get an HIV Test? [/INST] The best thing to do is talk to your health care provider. They will: Determine whether or not you should be tested Explain the testing procedure Describe your options for testing Help you locate the nearest testing site Common places for testing include your local health department, a clinic, your doctor's office, a hospital, and other sites set up specifically for HIV testing. You can also check www.aids.gov or gettested.cdc.gov, or call 800-CDC-INFO (800-232-4636) 24 hours a day to find somewhere close to you. The call is confidential. Source: WEBMD. Link: https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/faq-hiv-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How Long Should I Wait to Get Tested for HIV? [/INST] Most people will develop enough antibodies to test positive within 2 to 8 weeks after they're exposed to the virus. The average is 20 days to 25 days. Even so, there's a chance it could take longer. If you think you've been exposed and your HIV test within the first 3 months was negative, get another test at 6 months. If you think you are infected, however, see a doctor right away. They can help guide you in the testing. Source: WEBMD. Link: https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/faq-hiv-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] If I Decide to Get a Test, Does the Person I Had Sex With Need Testing, Too? [/INST] The test will tell you only about yourself. Your sexual partner could still have HIV, even if your test is negative. Source: WEBMD. Link: https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/faq-hiv-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Why Should All Pregnant Women Get Tested for HIV? [/INST] HIV-positive mothers who get treatment during pregnancy have a much lower chance of passing HIV to their baby before, during, or after birth. The sooner you start treatment, the more effective it is. Source: WEBMD. Link: https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/faq-hiv-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What if I Test Positive for HIV? [/INST] Prompt, early medical treatment and a healthy lifestyle can help you stay well. We have more and better treatments today, and people are living longer and with a better quality of life than ever before. In fact, depending on what else is going on with their health, HIV-infected persons who get on and stay on their medicines can expect to live almost as long as people who don’t have HIV. You'll need to keep your doctor's appointments, take your HIV medicines exactly as directed, and take steps so others don't get the virus from you. Source: WEBMD. Link: https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/faq-hiv-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How Long Does It Take for HIV to Cause AIDS? [/INST] Before HIV medicines became available, Scientists used to think that about half the people with HIV developed AIDS within 10 years after they were infected. However, current drug therapies have dramatically changed the outlook for people living with HIV. If you start HIV medicines early in the course of your infection, keep your medical appointments, and stay on your medicines, you may never develop HIV-related illnesses. Source: WEBMD. Link: https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/faq-hiv-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What Happens if I Get AIDS? [/INST] When you get infected with HIV, your body's immune system gets weaker. The immune system is what makes your body able to fight off infection and disease. It takes time for this to happen. But when it does, it can lead to AIDS and be fatal. When a person has AIDS, the immune system is so weak it can't fight off viruses or bacteria. And it can't prevent certain kinds of cancer the way a healthy immune system can. While people can die quickly once they develop AIDS, HIV infections can be treated. It's possible with the right treatment to live a long, healthy life. Source: WEBMD. Link: https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/faq-hiv-aids. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What is HIV? [/INST] HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. This is the virus that causes AIDS. This virus may be passed from one person to another when infected blood, semen, or vaginal secretions come in contact with an uninfected person’s broken skin or mucous membranes (including the mouth, eyes, nasal passages, vagina, rectum, and opening of the penis). In addition, infected pregnant women can pass HIV to their baby during pregnancy or delivery, as well as through breast-feeding. People with HIV have what is called HIV infection. Some of these people will develop AIDS as a result of their HIV infection. Source: OEPS. Link: https://oeps.wv.gov/hiv-aids/pages/hiv-aids_faq.aspx. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What is AIDS? [/INST] AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Acquired: The disease is not hereditary but develops after birth from contact with a disease causing agent (in this case, HIV). Immunodeficiency: The disease is characterized by a weakening of the immune system. Syndrome: A group of symptoms that collectively indicate or characterize a disease. In the case of AIDS this can include the development of certain infections and/or cancers, as well as a decrease in the number of certain cells in a person’s immune system. A diagnosis of AIDS is made by a physician using specific clinical or laboratory standards. Source: OEPS. Link: https://oeps.wv.gov/hiv-aids/pages/hiv-aids_faq.aspx. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Where did HIV come from? [/INST] The earliest known case of HIV-1 in a human was from a blood sample collected in 1959 from a man in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. (How he became infected is not known.) Genetic analysis of this blood sample suggested that HIV-1 may have stemmed from a single virus in the late 1940s or early 1950s. We know that the virus has existed in the United States since at least the mid- to late 1970s. From 1979-1981 rare types of pneumonia, cancer, and other illnesses were being reported by doctors in Los Angeles and New York among a number of male patients who had sex with other men. These were conditions not usually found in people with healthy immune systems. In 1999 an international team of researchers reported that they had discovered the origins of HIV-1, the predominant strain of HIV in the developed world. A subspecies of chimpanzees native to west equatorial Africa had been identified as the original source of the virus. The researchers believe that HIV-1 was introduced into the human population when hunters became exposed to infected blood from those chimpanzees. Source: OEPS. Link: https://oeps.wv.gov/hiv-aids/pages/hiv-aids_faq.aspx. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How does HIV cause AIDS? [/INST] HIV replicates in (and ultimately destroys) a certain kind of blood cell (CD4 T cells) which is crucial to the normal function of the human immune system. In fact, loss of these cells in people with HIV is an extremely powerful predictor of the development of AIDS. Studies of thousands of people have revealed that most people infected with HIV carry the virus for years before enough damage is done to the immune system for AIDS to develop. However, sensitive tests have shown a strong connection between the amount of HIV in the blood and the decline in CD4 T cells and the development of AIDS. Reducing the amount of virus in the body with anti-retroviral therapies can dramatically slow the destruction of a person’s immune system. Source: OEPS. Link: https://oeps.wv.gov/hiv-aids/pages/hiv-aids_faq.aspx. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How long does it take for HIV to cause AIDS? [/INST] On average, the untreated HIV infected patient will progress to AIDS in about 5-10 years. Since 1996, the introduction of powerful anti-retroviral therapies has dramatically changed the natural progression of HIV infection to the development of AIDS. These drugs and advancements in other medical treatments can prevent or cure some of the illnesses associated with AIDS. While HIV infection cannot at present be cured, patients that are newly diagnosed with HIV that stay in care can be expected to have near normal life expectancies if they take their medications. As with other chronic diseases, early detection of infection allows for more options for treatment and preventive health care. Source: OEPS. Link: https://oeps.wv.gov/hiv-aids/pages/hiv-aids_faq.aspx. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How can I tell if I have HIV or AIDS? [/INST] The only way to know if you are infected is to be tested for HIV infection. You cannot rely on symptoms to know whether or not you are infected. Many people who are infected with HIV do not have any symptoms at all for 10 years or more. The following may be warning signs of advanced HIV infection: Rapid weight loss Dry cough Recurring fever or profuse night sweats Profound and unexplained fatigue Swollen lymph glands in the armpits, groin, or neck Diarrhea that lasts for more than a week White spots or unusual blemishes on the tongue, in the mouth, or in the throat Pneumonia Red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or under the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids Memory loss, depression, and other neurological disorders Source: OEPS. Link: https://oeps.wv.gov/hiv-aids/pages/hiv-aids_faq.aspx. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What is HIV? What is AIDS? [/INST] HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks your body’s immune system, which is crucial to fighting off infections and diseases. Specifically, HIV invades important cells in your body, uses those cells to make more copies of itself, and then destroys them. If left untreated, HIV may lead to an AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) diagnosis. People who receive an AIDS diagnosis generally have badly damaged immune systems, which puts them at greater risk for more serious medical conditions. Fortunately, there are now more ways than ever to prevent and treat HIV. Source: HRC. Link: https://www.hrc.org/resources/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How do people get HIV? [/INST] HIV is transmitted through the following bodily fluids: blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid, vaginal fluid, rectal fluid, and breast milk. Most commonly, HIV is transmitted through condomless anal or vaginal sex or through injection drug use. You cannot get HIV from kissing, hugging or other types of non-sexual physical contact. Source: HRC. Link: https://www.hrc.org/resources/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at risk for HIV? [/INST] While HIV is more common in some communities than in others, anyone can acquire HIV through behaviors that are likely to transmit the virus. It’s what you do, not who you are, that increases your chances of contracting HIV. Source: HRC. Link: https://www.hrc.org/resources/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What are common symptoms of HIV? [/INST] The symptoms of HIV vary, depending on the individual and what stage of HIV you are in. In its beginning stage, HIV does not have unique symptoms and can be indistinguishable from the flu, so it is important to get tested regularly. Regular testing ensures that you can detect HIV early and begin treatment as soon as possible. Source: HRC. Link: https://www.hrc.org/resources/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Where can I get tested for HIV? [/INST] There are several different ways to test for HIV, from oral swabs to home testing kits. There are also thousands of locations across the country where you can get an HIV test at little or no cost to you. Click here to find a testing site near you. Source: HRC. Link: https://www.hrc.org/resources/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How often should I get tested? [/INST] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends everyone between the ages of 13 and 64 get tested for HIV at least once as part of their routine health care. Some people, including gay and bisexual men and transgender women, should consider getting tested more often, as HIV is especially prevalent in these communities. People who are pregnant should get tested in their first trimester. Source: HRC. Link: https://www.hrc.org/resources/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Is there a cure or vaccine for HIV? [/INST] As of publication, there remains no cure or vaccine for HIV. Source: HRC. Link: https://www.hrc.org/resources/frequently-asked-questions-about-hiv. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Which body fluids transmit HIV? [/INST] Only certain fluids—blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, and breast milk—from an HIV-infected person can transmit HIV. These fluids must come in contact with a mucous membrane or damaged tissue or be directly injected into the bloodstream (from a needle or syringe) for transmission to possibly occur. Mucous membranes can be found inside the rectum, the vagina, the opening of the penis, and the mouth. Source: STANDFORD HEALTH CARE. Link: https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive-health/hiv-aids/faqs.html . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Can I get HIV from oral sex? [/INST] The highest-risk oral sex activity is giving oral sex to a man. There is little to no risk of getting HIV from other types of oral sex. Several factors may increase the risk of HIV transmission through oral sexual contact, including mouth ulcers, bleeding gums, genital sores, and the presence of other sexually transmitted infections. Although rimming carries little to no risk of transmitting HIV, it does come with a high risk of transmitting hepatitis A and B, parasites, and other bacteria to the partner who is doing the rimming. Source: STANDFORD HEALTH CARE. Link: https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive-health/hiv-aids/faqs.html . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How well does HIV survive outside the body? [/INST] HIV does not survive long outside the human body (such as on surfaces), and it cannot reproduce. It is not spread by: Air or water Insects, including mosquitoes or ticks Saliva, tears, or sweat. There is no documented case of HIV being transmitted by spitting. Casual contact like shaking hands or sharing dishes Closed-mouth or "social" kissing Toilet seats Source: STANDFORD HEALTH CARE. Link: https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive-health/hiv-aids/faqs.html . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Are lesbians or other women who have sex with women at risk for HIV? [/INST] Case reports of female-to-female transmission of HIV are rare. The well-documented risk of female-to-male transmission shows that vaginal fluids and menstrual blood may contain the virus and that exposure to these fluids through mucous membranes (in the vagina or mouth) could, potentially, lead to HIV infection. Source: STANDFORD HEALTH CARE. Link: https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive-health/hiv-aids/faqs.html . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Can HIV be transmitted by kissing? [/INST] It depends on the type of kissing. There is no risk from closed-mouth kissing. There are extremely rare cases of HIV being transmitted via deep "French" kissing but in each case, infected blood was exchanged due to bleeding gums or sores in the mouth. Because of this remote risk, it is recommended that individuals who are HIV-infected avoid deep, open-mouth "French" kissing with a non-infected partner, as there is a potential risk of transferring infected blood Source: STANDFORD HEALTH CARE. Link: https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive-health/hiv-aids/faqs.html . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Can HIV be transmitted by human bite? [/INST] It is very rare, but in specific circumstances HIV can be transmitted by a human bite. In 1997, CDC published findings from a state health department investigation of an incident that suggested blood-to-blood transmission of HIV by a human bite. There have been other rare reports in the medical literature in which HIV appeared to have been transmitted by a human bite. Biting is not a common way of transmitting HIV, in fact, there are numerous reports of bites that did not result in HIV infection. Severe trauma with extensive tissue damage and the presence of blood were reported in each of the instances where transmission was documented or suspected. Bites that do not involve broken skin have no risk for HIV transmission, as intact skin acts as a barrier to HIV transmission. Source: STANDFORD HEALTH CARE. Link: https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive-health/hiv-aids/faqs.html . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Can HIV be transmitted by being scratched? [/INST] No. There is no risk of transmission from scratching because there is no transfer of body fluids between individuals. Any person with open wounds should have them treated as soon as possible. Source: STANDFORD HEALTH CARE. Link: https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive-health/hiv-aids/faqs.html . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Can HIV be transmitted by being spit on by an HIV-infected person? [/INST] No. In some persons living with HIV, the virus has been detected in saliva, but in extremely low quantities. Contact with saliva alone has never been shown to result in transmission of HIV, and there is no documented case of transmission from an HIV-infected person spitting on another person. Source: STANDFORD HEALTH CARE. Link: https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive-health/hiv-aids/faqs.html . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Can I get HIV while playing sports? [/INST] There are no documented cases of HIV being transmitted during participation in sports. The very low risk of transmission during sports participation would involve sports with direct body contact in which bleeding might be expected to occur. If someone is bleeding, their participation in the sport should be interrupted until the wound stops bleeding and is both antiseptically cleaned and securely bandaged. There is no risk of HIV transmission through sports activities where bleeding does not occur. Source: STANDFORD HEALTH CARE. Link: https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive-health/hiv-aids/faqs.html . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Has HIV been transmitted from body fluids placed in restaurant food? [/INST] No incident of food being contaminated with HIV-infected blood or semen has been reported to CDC. Furthermore, CDC has received no reports of HIV infection resulting from eating food, including condiments. HIV does not live long outside the body. Even if small amounts of HIV-infected blood or semen was consumed, exposure to the air, heat from cooking, and stomach acid would destroy the virus. Therefore, there is no risk of contracting HIV from eating food. Source: STANDFORD HEALTH CARE. Link: https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive-health/hiv-aids/faqs.html . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Has CDC discovered a mutated version of HIV that is transmitted through the air? [/INST] No, this story is not true. Many scientific studies have been conducted to examine all the possible ways that HIV is transmitted. These studies have not shown HIV to be transmitted through air, water, insects, or casual contact. Source: STANDFORD HEALTH CARE. Link: https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive-health/hiv-aids/faqs.html . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What is HIV? [/INST] HIV is a viral infection that if left untreated, causes damage to the immune system so that a person becomes vulnerable to all kinds of infections. If untreated, HIV also causes constant inflammation which damages the body. Source: FLORIDA HEALTH. Link: https://escambia.floridahealth.gov/programs-and-services/clinical-health/hiv-aids/faq/index.html . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What is AIDS? [/INST] AIDS is a collection of life-threatening infections and cancers that occur when a person’s immune system is damaged by untreated HIV infection. AIDS is deadly if not treated. Source: FLORIDA HEALTH. Link: https://escambia.floridahealth.gov/programs-and-services/clinical-health/hiv-aids/faq/index.html . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How is HIV transmitted? [/INST] In order to cause infection, the HIV virus has to somehow enter a person’s bloodstream. It can enter through a tiny tear in the skin or through a mucous membrane like the eyes, mouth, vagina or rectum. HIV is most commonly transmitted through unprotected sex with an infected person that involves contact with blood, semen, vaginal fluid or other body fluid containing blood cells. Having another sexually transmitted disease (STD) can make it easier to get HIV. Having HIV can make it easier to get another STD. Persons sharing needles for injecting drugs can transmit HIV from one person to another. A person may get HIV by receiving a body-piercing or tattoo from equipment that is not properly cleaned and sterilized. An HIV-infected woman can transmit HIV to her baby during pregnancy and childbirth, and through breastfeeding. HIV can also be transmitted through receiving HIV-infected blood or tissue, such as a blood transfusion or an organ transplant. This type of transmission is very rare in the U.S. today, due to improved HIV testing and screening requirements. Source: FLORIDA HEALTH. Link: https://escambia.floridahealth.gov/programs-and-services/clinical-health/hiv-aids/faq/index.html . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How is HIV prevented? [/INST] The first and most important thing to do is to be tested and learn your HIV status. If your results are negative, HIV can be most effectively prevented by abstaining from sex or having only one sex partner who is not infected with HIV and staying faithful. Ask your doctor about PrEP, a pill taken once daily to prevent HIV if you are at risk for HIV. For more information about PrEP or to make a PrEP appointment call 850-595-6345. Using safer sexual practices including correct and consistent use of condoms can also help prevent infection. Intravenous (IV) drug users can prevent HIV transmission by not sharing needles when injecting drugs. Pregnant women can prevent transmitting the disease to their children by getting proper care and treatment during pregnancy. Source: FLORIDA HEALTH. Link: https://escambia.floridahealth.gov/programs-and-services/clinical-health/hiv-aids/faq/index.html . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What happens if I am HIV positive? [/INST] With proper care, HIV infection can be managed, preventing the development of AIDS. Both the length and the quality of life can be greatly improved by testing and treating HIV as early as possible. Today’s HIV treatments can enable infected persons to live a normal life if they follow their doctor’s instructions. Source: FLORIDA HEALTH. Link: https://escambia.floridahealth.gov/programs-and-services/clinical-health/hiv-aids/faq/index.html . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What is the difference between a rapid-HIV test and traditional HIV test? [/INST] The major difference between a rapid-HIV test and traditional HIV tests is the amount of time it takes for the results to be available. A rapid HIV test can provide a result in as little as 20 minutes. A traditional HIV test can generally take about two weeks for the result to be returned. Although they are very accurate and reliable, rapid tests are for screening only. A reactive rapid test needs to be confirmed with additional testing before a final result is determined. Source: FLORIDA HEALTH. Link: https://escambia.floridahealth.gov/programs-and-services/clinical-health/hiv-aids/faq/index.html . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How long does it take for HIV to show up on a blood test? [/INST] Today because of fourth- generation testing which detects HIV antibodies and p24 antigens, HIV infection can reliably be determined 1 month after a person contracts it. Source: FLORIDA HEALTH. Link: https://escambia.floridahealth.gov/programs-and-services/clinical-health/hiv-aids/faq/index.html . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How long does it take to develop AIDS after infection with HIV? [/INST] Without treatment, most people will develop AIDS within ten years after infection with HIV. Some people may develop AIDS sooner and some later. Factors such as genetics, age, lifestyle, the presence of other health problems and drug or alcohol use can affect how long it takes to develop AIDS Source: FLORIDA HEALTH. Link: https://escambia.floridahealth.gov/programs-and-services/clinical-health/hiv-aids/faq/index.html . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What if I am pregnant? Is my baby going to get HIV too? [/INST] If a pregnant woman has HIV, she can take medication during pregnancy to prevent her baby from becoming infected. The medication can prevent mother to child transmission by 98%, according to the CDC. After birth, the baby will be given medicine for the first six weeks of life to make sure he or she is not infected. HIV-exposed babies should receive medical care from a HIV doctor until it is certain that the baby is not infected. HIV-infected women should not breastfeed in order to prevent transmitting the infection to infants. Source: FLORIDA HEALTH. Link: https://escambia.floridahealth.gov/programs-and-services/clinical-health/hiv-aids/faq/index.html . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What is the difference between HIV and AIDS? [/INST] HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. The HIV virus is what is transmitted from one person to another. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the condition that develops when HIV weakens the immune system to the point that it can no longer fight off diseases and infections. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines an AIDS diagnosis as a CD4 lymphocyte count of less than 200 cells per cubic millimeter of blood (compared with about 1,000 CD4 cells for healthy people). Source: AUSTIN TEXAS. Link: https://www.austintexas.gov/page/hiv-faq . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How is HIV spread? [/INST] HIV is spread from person to person through infected blood, semen, vaginal fluid, or breast milk. Learn more about which body fluids can transmit HIV. Source: AUSTIN TEXAS. Link: https://www.austintexas.gov/page/hiv-faq . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of HIV? [/INST] The first stage of HIV, known as the primary or acute HIV infection, usually occurs within 6-12 weeks after a person has been infected with HIV. The initial infection usually yields “flu-like” symptoms such as fever, chills, night sweats, and rashes. Some people can actually be infected for years before they ever get the symptoms. Source: AUSTIN TEXAS. Link: https://www.austintexas.gov/page/hiv-faq . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of AIDS? [/INST] The symptoms of AIDS appear in the form of “opportunistic infections,” which are infections and diseases that have the opportunity to take over the body when the immune system is weakened by AIDS. Opportunistic infections appear in different forms for different people. Some common opportunistic infections are: Cancer Lymphoma Recurrent pneumonia Vision loss Thrush (fungal infection) Tuberculosis Dementia Source: AUSTIN TEXAS. Link: https://www.austintexas.gov/page/hiv-faq . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How long does it take for HIV to become AIDS? [/INST] Without treatment, it usually takes 7-10 years for HIV to become an AIDS diagnosis. With treatment, it is possible to remain HIV positive without developing AIDS. Source: AUSTIN TEXAS. Link: https://www.austintexas.gov/page/hiv-faq . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How long after a possible exposure should I be tested for HIV? [/INST] It takes the human body three to six months to “seroconvert,” or recognize the HIV virus in such a way that it would appear positive in a blood test. The amount of time between transmission and seroconversion is called the “window period.” For the most accurate results, it is best to wait until the three-to-six month window period has passed to get tested. Source: AUSTIN TEXAS. Link: https://www.austintexas.gov/page/hiv-faq . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How does the HIV test work? [/INST] There are three different kinds of HIV test: The HIV Antibody Test This is the most traditional HIV test. It is performed by drawing blood or through “Orasure,” a painless method that takes an oral sample with a special cotton pad. Oraquick, or the “Rapid Test” Provides results within 20 minutes, as well as same day counseling. May require a second test to confirm. Viral Load Test People who already know they are HIV positive take this test later in the continuum of the virus to find out how much of the virus is in their bloodstream. Source: AUSTIN TEXAS. Link: https://www.austintexas.gov/page/hiv-faq . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Are my results private? [/INST] Yes. All HIV test results are confidential. You have the option to take an “anonymous test” or a “confidential test.” An anonymous test means your name is not attached to your test, so you are the only one who knows your results. A confidential test is also private, but your health care provider has access to the results and therefore it will appear in your medical file. Source: AUSTIN TEXAS. Link: https://www.austintexas.gov/page/hiv-faq . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What do the test results mean? [/INST] If You Are Positive If you test “Positive,” it means that you are infected with HIV. A positive diagnosis also means that you can spread the virus to others if do not take precautions. You will not die from HIV, but you should seek medical attention immediately. If You Are Negative If you test “Negative,” it means that you were not carrying HIV antibodies at the time of the test. However, it does not necessarily mean that you are not infected with HIV. If you took the test during the “window period”-the period of time between transmission and your body’s recognition of the virus-it might just be too early for a test to detect HIV in your bloodstream. For the most accurate results, wait three to six months after suspected transmission to get tested. If you do test negative, just remember that you can still become infected in the future and you must remain careful. Source: AUSTIN TEXAS. Link: https://www.austintexas.gov/page/hiv-faq . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] If my test comes back HIV Positive, does that mean that I will die? [/INST] No. You can live a full, healthy life with HIV if you seek medical help, take good care of yourself, and stick to a treatment plan. Source: AUSTIN TEXAS. Link: https://www.austintexas.gov/page/hiv-faq . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What do I do if I learn that I am positive? [/INST] First, take a deep breath. A positive HIV diagnosis does not mean you are dying. But you should seek medical help as soon as possible. Even if you feel fine, it’s important to gather information and connect with an HIV professional so you can make informed decisions for your future. Also, be sure to connect with others. Learning that you are HIV positive can be an isolating experience, but you are not alone. Find an HIV/AIDS community in your area where counseling and support groups are available. Think it through before you decide who you want to tell about your status, and make sure you feel comfortable with your choices. Inform your current and previous partners so they can get tested, too. Source: AUSTIN TEXAS. Link: https://www.austintexas.gov/page/hiv-faq . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Do all people who have HIV eventually develop AIDS? [/INST] We don’t know yet. We have only known about HIV/AIDS for thirty years, and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the treatment that has helped extend the lives of thousands of people living with HIV/AIDS, has only been on the market since 1996. It will take more time and exploration of HAART and other new treatments for us to be able to determine whether or not HIV always means AIDS. Source: AUSTIN TEXAS. Link: https://www.austintexas.gov/page/hiv-faq . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Is there a cure for HIV/AIDS? [/INST] Not yet. The variety and effectiveness of HIV treatments have made amazing progress since the virus first appeared in the early 1980’s, but there is no cure or vaccine for HIV/AIDS at this time. The good news is that there are experts and scientists all around the world dedicating their lives to finding a cure. Source: AUSTIN TEXAS. Link: https://www.austintexas.gov/page/hiv-faq . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What is the treatment for HIV? [/INST] Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the use of HIV medicines to treat HIV infection. People on ART take a combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV treatment regimen) every day (pills) or by schedule (injections). In many cases oral medicines may be combined into a single pill or capsule. There are newer long-acting medicines given by an injection every 2 months that may be used in some people. ART is recommended for everyone who has HIV. ART prevents HIV from multiplying, which reduces the amount of HIV in the body (called the viral load). Having less HIV in the body protects the immune system and prevents HIV infection from advancing to AIDS. ART cannot cure HIV, but HIV medicines can help people with HIV live long, healthy lives. Source: NIH. Link: https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-aids-basics. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What is HIV and AIDS? [/INST] HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus, which is the virus that causes HIV infection. The abbreviation “HIV” can refer to the virus or to HIV infection. AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. HIV attacks and destroys the infection-fighting CD4 cells (CD4 T lymphocyte) of the immune system. The loss of CD4 cells makes it difficult for the body to fight off infections, illnesses, and certain cancers. Without treatment, HIV can gradually destroy the immune system, causing health decline and the onset of AIDS. With treatment, the immune system can recover. Source: NIH. Link: https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-aids-basics. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How can a person reduce the risk of transmitting HIV? [/INST] ART reduces the risk of HIV transmission. ART can reduce a person’s viral load to an undetectable level. An undetectable viral load means that the level of HIV in the blood is too low to be detected by a viral load test. People with HIV who maintain an undetectable viral load have no risk of transmitting HIV to their HIV-negative partner through sex. HIV medicines taken during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding can also reduce the risk of perinatal (parent to infant) transmission of HIV. Previously, replacement feeding (properly prepared formula or pasteurized donor human milk from a milk bank) was recommended instead of breastfeeding since the risk of HIV transmission was considered high. Now, there is evidence that the risk of transmission through the breastmilk of someone consistently using ART and maintaining an undetectable viral load is low (less than 1%). Pregnant people with HIV can speak with their health care provider to determine what method of feeding their baby is right for them. Source: NIH. Link: https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-aids-basics. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How can a person reduce the risk of getting HIV? [/INST] For people without HIV, there are several ways to reduce the risk of acquiring (getting) HIV infection. Using condoms correctly with every sexual encounter, particularly with partners that are HIV positive with a detectable viral load or with partners whose HIV status is unknown, can reduce the risk of acquiring HIV. Reducing HIV risk also involves limiting and reducing sexual partners, and avoiding sharing needles. Persons who do not have HIV should talk to their health care provider about pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). PrEP is an HIV prevention option for people who do not have HIV but who are at risk of becoming infected with HIV. PrEP involves taking a specific HIV medicine every day or a long-acting injection. For more information, read the HIVinfo fact sheet on Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP). Source: NIH. Link: https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-aids-basics. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of HIV and AIDS? [/INST] Within 2 to 4 weeks after infection with HIV, some people may have flu-like symptoms, such as fever, chills, or rash. The symptoms may last for a few days to several weeks. Other possible symptoms of HIV include night sweats, muscle aches, sore throat, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and mouth ulcers. Having these symptoms does not mean you have HIV. Other illnesses can cause the same symptoms. Some people may not feel sick during early HIV infection (called acute HIV). During this earliest stage of HIV infection, the virus multiplies rapidly. After the initial stage of infection, HIV continues to multiply but at lower levels. More severe symptoms of HIV infection for persons not on ART may not appear for many years until HIV has developed into AIDS. People with AIDS have weakened immune systems that make them prone to opportunistic infections. Opportunistic infections are infections and infection-related cancers that occur more frequently or are more severe in people with weakened immune systems than in people with healthy immune systems. Without treatment, HIV transmission is possible at any stage of HIV infection—even if a person with HIV has no symptoms of HIV. Source: NIH. Link: https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-aids-basics. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] How is AIDS diagnosed? [/INST] Symptoms such as fever, weakness, and weight loss may be a sign that a person’s HIV has advanced to AIDS. However, a diagnosis of AIDS is based on the following criteria: A drop in CD4 count to less than 200 cells/mm3. A CD4 count measures the number of CD4 cells (CD4 T lymphocyte) in a sample of blood. OR The presence of certain opportunistic infections. Although an AIDS diagnosis indicates severe damage to the immune system, HIV medicines can still help people at this stage of HIV infection. Source: NIH. Link: https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-aids-basics. Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] If I am pregnant and have HIV, can I pass it to my baby? [/INST] During pregnancy, HIV can pass through the placenta and infect the fetus. During labor and delivery, the baby may be exposed to HIV in your blood and other fluids. During breastfeeding, breast milk can transmit the virus to the baby. Source: ACOG. Link: https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/hiv-and-pregnancy . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] What can I do to reduce the risk of passing HIV to my baby? [/INST] You and your obstetrician-gynecologist (ob-gyn) should discuss what you can do to reduce the risk of passing HIV to your baby. Some options are: Take a combination of anti-HIV medications during your pregnancy. Take anti-HIV medications during labor and delivery as needed. Give anti-HIV medication to your baby after birth. Have a cesarean birth if lab tests show that your level of HIV is high. Do not breastfeed. By following these guidelines, 99 percent of HIV-infected women will not pass HIV to their babies. Source: ACOG. Link: https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/hiv-and-pregnancy . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>

<s>[INST] Why is HIV treatment recommended during pregnancy? [/INST] HIV treatment lowers the amount of HIV in the body. Treatment during pregnancy has two goals: 1) to protect your own health, and 2) to help prevent passing HIV to your fetus. Many combinations of anti-HIV medications can be used to manage HIV infection. This is called a “medication regimen” or a "drug regimen." Source: ACOG. Link: https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/hiv-and-pregnancy . Field: Infectious Disease. Disease: HIV </s>