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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972%E2%80%9373%20St.%20Louis%20Blues%20season

1972–73 St. Louis Blues season

Regular season

The season was the St. Louis Blues' season in the (NHL).

Scoring Goaltending

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972%E2%80%9373%20St.%20Louis%20Blues%20season

1972–73 St. Louis Blues season

Playoffs

The season was the St. Louis Blues' season in the (NHL).

Scoring Goaltending

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972%E2%80%9373%20St.%20Louis%20Blues%20season

1972–73 St. Louis Blues season

References

The season was the St. Louis Blues' season in the (NHL).

Blues on Hockey Database

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974%E2%80%9375%20St.%20Louis%20Blues%20season

1974–75 St. Louis Blues season

Introduction

The season was the St. Louis Blues' season in the (NHL).

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974%E2%80%9375%20St.%20Louis%20Blues%20season

1974–75 St. Louis Blues season

NHL Draft

The season was the St. Louis Blues' season in the (NHL).

Below are listed the selections in the :

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974%E2%80%9375%20St.%20Louis%20Blues%20season

1974–75 St. Louis Blues season

Regular season

The season was the St. Louis Blues' season in the (NHL).

Scoring Goaltending

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974%E2%80%9375%20St.%20Louis%20Blues%20season

1974–75 St. Louis Blues season

Playoffs

The season was the St. Louis Blues' season in the (NHL).

Scoring Goaltending

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974%E2%80%9375%20St.%20Louis%20Blues%20season

1974–75 St. Louis Blues season

References

The season was the St. Louis Blues' season in the (NHL).

Blues on Hockey Database

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directors%20Guild%20of%20America%20Award%20for%20Outstanding%20Directing%20%E2%80%93%20Comedy%20Series

Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Comedy Series

Introduction

The Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy Series is one of the annual s given by the . It was first presented at the in 1972. The current eligibility period is the calendar year.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directors%20Guild%20of%20America%20Award%20for%20Outstanding%20Directing%20%E2%80%93%20Comedy%20Series

Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Comedy Series

Programs with multiple awards

The Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy Series is one of the annual s given by the . It was first presented at the in 1972. The current eligibility period is the calendar year.

8 awards M*A*S*H (CBS) 3 awards All in the Family (CBS) Seinfeld (NBC) Veep (HBO) 2 awards Barry (HBO) Cheers (NBC) Curb Your Enthusiasm (HBO) Frasier (NBC) The Golden Girls (NBC) Modern Family (ABC) Murphy Brown (CBS) Sex and the City (HBO) Sports Night (ABC)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directors%20Guild%20of%20America%20Award%20for%20Outstanding%20Directing%20%E2%80%93%20Comedy%20Series

Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Comedy Series

Programs with multiple nominations

The Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy Series is one of the annual s given by the . It was first presented at the in 1972. The current eligibility period is the calendar year.

13 nominations Curb Your Enthusiasm (HBO) M*A*S*H (CBS) 10 nominations Cheers (NBC) Modern Family (ABC) Sex and the City (HBO) 9 nominations 30 Rock (NBC) Frasier (NBC) Seinfeld (NBC) 7 nominations Will & Grace (NBC) 6 nominations The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel (Amazon) 5 nominations All in the Family (CBS) Entourage (HBO) The Larry Sanders Show (HBO) Mary Tyler Moore (CBS) Murphy Brown (CBS) Silicon Valley (HBO) Ted Lasso (Apple TV+) Veep (HBO) 4 nominations Maude (CBS) 3 nominations Atlanta (FX) The Big Bang Theory (CBS) Desperate Housewives (ABC) Glee (Fox) The Golden Girls (NBC) Louie (FX) Mad About You (NBC) Taxi (ABC/NBC) 2 nominations Barney Miller (ABC) Barry (HBO) Malcolm in the Middle (Fox) Master of None (Netflix) Moonlighting (ABC) Soap (ABC) Sports Night (ABC) Transparent (Amazon) The Wonder Years (ABC)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directors%20Guild%20of%20America%20Award%20for%20Outstanding%20Directing%20%E2%80%93%20Comedy%20Series

Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Comedy Series

Individuals with multiple awards

The Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy Series is one of the annual s given by the . It was first presented at the in 1972. The current eligibility period is the calendar year.

4 awards 3 awards (2 consecutive) 2 awards (consecutive) (consecutive) (consecutive) (consecutive) (consecutive) (consecutive) (consecutive) (consecutive)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directors%20Guild%20of%20America%20Award%20for%20Outstanding%20Directing%20%E2%80%93%20Comedy%20Series

Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Comedy Series

Individuals with multiple nominations

The Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy Series is one of the annual s given by the . It was first presented at the in 1972. The current eligibility period is the calendar year.

21 nominations 8 nominations 6 nominations 4 nominations 3 nominations 2 nominations MJ Delaney

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directors%20Guild%20of%20America%20Award%20for%20Outstanding%20Directing%20%E2%80%93%20Comedy%20Series

Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Comedy Series

Total awards by network

The Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy Series is one of the annual s given by the . It was first presented at the in 1972. The current eligibility period is the calendar year.

NBC – 16 CBS – 13 HBO – 10 ABC – 8 HBO Max – 2 Amazon Studios – 1 Fox – 1

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

Introduction

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only of the forming the component of the . It is based in together with the , the .

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

History

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only of the forming the component of the . It is based in together with the , the .

The 35th Artillery Regiment () was created on 7 October 1873 in and counted 9 equipped with 75mm s. The regiment was first commanded by Colonel from 1903 to 1905; the on the Western Front with title bearing (, and of following the ) during .

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

World War I (1914–1918)

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only of the forming the component of the . It is based in together with the , the .

The regiment fought in in a series of , receiving four citations at the orders of the armed forces. The regiment played an active role during the . For the 35th Artillery Regiment 35e R.A, battles included corps-à-corps with defending their equipment straight down to the and for which the regiment was cited at the orders of the armed forces. In 1915, the regiment took part in the Offensive of Champagne and was seen appropriated with a citation at the orders of the armed forces. On March 30, 1916, the 35th Artillery Regiment 35e R.A engaged in the for four weeks and then made way to the during the same year. In 1917, the regiment took part in numerous battles at including the on October 23, 1917. On March 31, 1918, the 35th Artillery Regiment 35e R.A. was found again mounting around equipments down to the bayonets similarly to the early worst hours of 1914. For this occasion the regiment was awarded the with colors of the . Some of the worst hours for the regiment were endured on May 27, following which a reorganization took place 2 month later. Accordingly, the regiment participated to the final combats of the conflict. In September, the regiment supported the assault on Souin. In October, the regiment shouldered the offensive on Somme-Py. In 1919 and with five citations at the orders of the armed forces for acts of valor, the regiment received the privilege on February 17 to bear wearing the with ribbon colors of the .

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

World War II (1939–1945)

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only of the forming the component of the . It is based in together with the , the .

During the in 1940, two-thirds of the regiment was destroyed while covering the of Allied troops. The regiment was dissolved after the invasion of 1942. At the end of the , set foot on ground based on U.S. American models. The , was constituted from of the 20th Artillery Regiment 20e R.A and 11th Artillery Regiment 11e R.A respectively. On November 1 of 1946, the 20e RAP, was dissolved and formed two new regiments designated as the and . The three s included equipped with diverse materials (wheeled , British 88mm, the U.S. and the U.S. ) along with other type equipments. Accordingly, the three R.A.Ps where designated as (). On May 1, 1947, was then created through a regimental organization at Tarbes, the () from the I/35e R.A. With the newly latest formation of , the became quickly a unique type of regiment. The R.A.Ps of North Africa were dissolved in 1948 and 1949. In 1951, the regiment was equipped with several U.S. American equipment type , 75 S.R (no recoil) and the series.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

Indochina War (1946–1954)

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only of the forming the component of the . It is based in together with the , the .

The regiment fought in the at within .

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

Algerian War (1954–1962)

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only of the forming the component of the . It is based in together with the , the .

The regiment fought during the . With the end of the Algerian War, the regiment was repatriated to France and became part of the .

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990)

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only of the forming the component of the . It is based in together with the , the .

The regiment partook in various missions in on numerous yearly designated occasions, also and mainly within the ranks of the , present in ground operations since 1978. From 1983 to 1984, the regiment integrated the corps of the .

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

Chad (1982–1990)

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only of the forming the component of the . It is based in together with the , the .

The regiment made an unsuccessful fire of during a Libyan bombardment on 10 September 19873, and on 7 July 1988 shot down a C-130 Hercules transport plane of unknown nationality in .

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

Gulf War (1990–1991)

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only of the forming the component of the . It is based in together with the , the .

The regiment was engaged in the in 1991 part of .

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

Foreign operations (1991–2001)

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only of the forming the component of the . It is based in together with the , the .

The regiment has been present around the in , , , , , Ex-Yugoslavia, , while also having participated in various humanitarian missions, including, part of .

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

Global War on Terror (2001-present)

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only of the forming the component of the . It is based in together with the , the .

The regiment has been spearheading in , combat support, peacekeeping and multipurposed facade mission operations throughout the with the ongoing , mainly on all exterior theatres of operations where the are engaged in along the five s and oceanic surroundings.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

Organization

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only of the forming the component of the . It is based in together with the , the .

1 Command and Logistics Battery 1 Renseignement Air Artillery Battery 3 Ground-to-Ground Air Artillery Batteries 1 Gournd-to-Air Air Artillery Battery 1 Reserve Air Artillery Battery

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

Traditions

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only of the forming the component of the . It is based in together with the , the .

Except for the of the , , that conserve the ; the remainder of the French army metropolitan and marine paratroopers forming the 11th Parachute Brigade wear the Red Beret. The Archangel Saint Michael, patron of the French paratroopers is celebrated on September 29. The prière du Para (Prayer of the Paratrooper) was written by in 1938.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

Insignias

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only of the forming the component of the . It is based in together with the , the .

Just like the paratrooper Brevet of the French Army; the Insignia of French Paratroopers was created in 1946. The French Army Insignia of metropolitan Paratroopers represents a closed "winged armed dextrochere", meaning a "right winged arm" armed with a sword pointing upwards. The Insignia makes reference to the Patron of Paratroopers. In fact, the Insignia represents "the right Arm of Saint Michael", the which according to is the "Armed Arm of God". This Insignia is the symbol of righteous combat and fidelity to superior missions.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

Decorations

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only of the forming the component of the . It is based in together with the , the .

The regimental colors are decorated with: with 4 palms cited at the orders of the armed forces. with 1 palm: On May 21, 2012; the regiment was cited for intervention in within the corps of the (I.S.A.F). The regiment wears the with ribbon colors of the .

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th%20Parachute%20Artillery%20Regiment

35th Parachute Artillery Regiment

Battle Honours

The 35th Parachute Artillery Regiment () is the only of the forming the component of the . It is based in together with the , the .

Saint-Gond 1914 Champagne 1915

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogo%20Kobara

Shogo Kobara

Introduction

is a former ese player.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogo%20Kobara

Shogo Kobara

Playing career

is a former ese player.

Kobara was born in on November 2, 1982. He joined club from youth team in 2001. Although he played several matches as center back from first season, he could not play many matches in the club have many players , and . In 2004, he moved to club and played many matches. In 2005, he moved to J2 club . He became a regular player and played many matches as center back with . However his opportunity to play decreased behind newcomer from 2008. Although the club was promoted to J1 from 2009, he could not become a regular player. In 2010, he moved to J2 club and played many matches as regular player. In 2011, he moved to J1 club . Although he played many matches, the club was relegated to J2 from 2012. In 2013, he moved to J2 club again. He retired end of 2013 season.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Meaning%20of%20Witchcraft

The Meaning of Witchcraft

Introduction

The Meaning of Witchcraft is a non-fiction book written by . Gardner, known to many in the modern sense as the "Father of Wicca", based the book around his experiences with the religion of and the . It was first published in 1959, only after the British Parliament repealed the , and proved to be Gardner's final book. The Wicca religion as expounded by Gardner was focused on a goddess, identified with the night sky and with wild nature, and a horned god who represented the fertilizing powers of the natural world. It was organized into covens, through which members were initiated through three ascending degrees of competence and authority and which were governed by a high priestess, supported by a high priest. More historical context to the pagan practice of Wicca can be found in the book Wicca: History, Belief, and Community in Modern Pagan Witchcraft That book discusses Wiccan life, covering how and why people convert to Wicca; its denominations; its sociological demographics; its political beliefs, particularly in terms of environmentalist issues; the impact of anti-Wiccan persecution; the transmission of Wiccan and Pagan culture; and the history of academic analysis of Wicca. The Meaning of Witchcraft is a sequel to Gardner's previous book on the subject, , which was published in 1954. Chapters include: Witch's Memories and Beliefs, The Stone Age Origins of Witchcraft, Druidism and the Aryan Celts, Magic Thinking, Curious Beliefs about Witches, Signs and Symbols, The Black Mass, Some Allegations Examined. When Gardner died in 1964, the copyright for the book was left to the High Priestess of his coven, Monique Wilson. Gardner wrote the book in order to publicise Wicca, which he believed would die out unless more converts could be attracted. Gardner himself believed that Wicca was the survival of , a theory originating from historian which has now largely been discredited by historians like and Jeffrey Russell. Margaret Murray's theory maintained that witches were indeed members of an organized cult surviving from pagan times. According to Murray, remained a thin veneer which cloaked pagan customs down to the sixteenth century. Hutton does say that all the modern branches of Wicca are either based on or influenced by his (Gardner) teachings. It is the only complete religion (as opposed to sect or denomination) which England has ever given the world.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

Introduction

is the process in which the central grants administrative powers (excluding principally matters) to the devolved . Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the – while others have since advocated for complete . The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in , this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a . In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the and the eventual passage of the .

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

1707 to 1999

is the process in which the central grants administrative powers (excluding principally matters) to the devolved . Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the – while others have since advocated for complete . The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in , this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a . In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the and the eventual passage of the .

Having agreed to pass the , the 'adjourned' on 25 March 1707. The new united came into being on 1 May 1707, with a single which merged the parliamentary bodies and constituencies of and into a new legislature located in London. The post of existed after 1707 until the . Thereafter, responsibility for Scotland lay primarily with the office of the , usually exercised by the . The Secretaries of State were reorganised in 1782 and the duties now came under the .

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

Administrative devolution (1885)

is the process in which the central grants administrative powers (excluding principally matters) to the devolved . Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the – while others have since advocated for complete . The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in , this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a . In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the and the eventual passage of the .

1885 saw the creation of the and the post of . From 1892 the Secretary for Scotland sat in , but the position was not officially recognised as a full member of the until the Secretary for Scotland post was upgraded to full Secretary of State rank as in 1926.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

Government of Scotland Bill 1913

is the process in which the central grants administrative powers (excluding principally matters) to the devolved . Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the – while others have since advocated for complete . The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in , this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a . In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the and the eventual passage of the .

In May 1913 the House of Commons passed the of the Government of Scotland Bill 1913 (also referred to as the Scottish Home Rule Bill) by 204 votes to 159. The bill was supported by Liberals and opposed by . It did not proceed further due to the outbreak of the First World War.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

Scottish Covenant Association (1940s and 1950s)

is the process in which the central grants administrative powers (excluding principally matters) to the devolved . Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the – while others have since advocated for complete . The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in , this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a . In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the and the eventual passage of the .

The was a non-partisan political organisation that sought the establishment of a devolved . It was formed by who had left the in 1942 when they decided to support all-out for Scotland rather than devolution as had been their position. The Association was responsible for the creation of the , which gathered two million signatures in support of devolution. Members of the organisation were also responsible for the removal of the from in 1950 that attracted huge publicity for the cause of Scottish .

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

1979 devolution referendum

is the process in which the central grants administrative powers (excluding principally matters) to the devolved . Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the – while others have since advocated for complete . The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in , this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a . In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the and the eventual passage of the .

The was a post-legislative to decide whether there was sufficient support for the that was to create a for Scotland. The Act required that for the Act not to be repealed at least 40% of the electorate would have to vote Yes in the referendum. The referendum resulted in a narrow Yes majority but fell short of the 40% requirement.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

1997 devolution referendum

is the process in which the central grants administrative powers (excluding principally matters) to the devolved . Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the – while others have since advocated for complete . The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in , this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a . In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the and the eventual passage of the .

The was a pre-legislative over whether there was support for the creation of a within the United Kingdom and whether there was support for such a parliament to have tax varying powers. In response to the clear majority voting for both proposals, the passed the , creating the and .

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

The Scotland Act 1998

is the process in which the central grants administrative powers (excluding principally matters) to the devolved . Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the – while others have since advocated for complete . The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in , this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a . In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the and the eventual passage of the .

The Act was introduced by the government in 1998 after the 1997 referendum. It created the , setting out how are to be elected, making some provision about the internal operation of the Parliament (although many issues are left for the Parliament itself to regulate) and setting out the process for the Parliament to consider and pass Bills which become once they receive . The Act specifically asserts the continued power of the UK Parliament to legislate in respect of Scotland. The Act devolves all powers except over matter it specifies as reserved matters. It further designates a list of statutes which are not amenable to amendment or repeal by the Parliament which includes the and many provisions of the Scotland Act itself. Even when acting within its legislative competence, the Act further constrains the powers of the Parliament by inhibiting it from acting in a manner incompatible with the or law. The same constraints apply to acts of the Scottish Executive.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

Scottish Parliament established, May 1999

is the process in which the central grants administrative powers (excluding principally matters) to the devolved . Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the – while others have since advocated for complete . The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in , this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a . In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the and the eventual passage of the .

The Scottish Parliament met for the first time on 12 May 1999 and began its first session with member stating "the Scottish Parliament, adjourned on 25th day of March in the year 1707, is hereby reconvened"

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

Opening of new Scottish Parliament building (2004)

is the process in which the central grants administrative powers (excluding principally matters) to the devolved . Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the – while others have since advocated for complete . The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in , this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a . In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the and the eventual passage of the .

Construction of the Scottish Parliament building began in June 1999 and the first debate in the new building was held on Tuesday 7 September 2004. The formal opening by took place on 9 October 2004. , the Spanish architect who designed the building, died before its completion. From 1999 until the opening of the new building in 2004, committee rooms and the debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament were housed in the of the located on in Edinburgh. Office and administrative accommodation in support of the Parliament were provided in buildings leased from the . The new Scottish Parliament Building brought together these different elements into one purpose built parliamentary complex, housing 129 MSPs and more than 1,000 staff and . The building aims to conceive a poetic union between the , its , its and the city of Edinburgh, an approach that won the parliament building numerous awards including the 2005 , and it has been described as "a tour de force of arts and crafts and quality without parallel in the last 100 years of British architecture".

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

Powers over Scottish railways transferred (2005)

is the process in which the central grants administrative powers (excluding principally matters) to the devolved . Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the – while others have since advocated for complete . The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in , this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a . In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the and the eventual passage of the .

As a result of provisions in the Railways Bill, powers were transferred from the Department of Transport to the Scottish Executive, a move described by then First Minister, Jack McConnell as "...the most significant devolution of new powers to Scottish ministers since 1999."

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

Scottish Executive becomes Scottish Government (2007)

is the process in which the central grants administrative powers (excluding principally matters) to the devolved . Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the – while others have since advocated for complete . The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in , this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a . In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the and the eventual passage of the .

A Scottish Executive was created under section 44 of the . Following the , the Scottish Executive was rebranded as the Scottish Government by the new administration. Other changes that took place at this time included the development of the National Performance Framework and major restructuring whereby Directors-General were put in charge of the achievement of the Government's strategic objectives. These changes have been described as developing a form of strategic state. The new name's use in Westminster legislation was updated by s.12 .

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

Calman Commission (2007)

is the process in which the central grants administrative powers (excluding principally matters) to the devolved . Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the – while others have since advocated for complete . The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in , this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a . In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the and the eventual passage of the .

The Calman Commission was established by a motion passed by the on 6 December 2007. Its terms of reference are: "To review the provisions of the in the light of experience and to recommend any changes to the present constitutional arrangements that would enable the Scottish Parliament to better serve the people of , that would improve the financial accountability of the Scottish Parliament and that would continue to secure the position of Scotland within the United Kingdom." However, concerns have been expressed that its final report will not have "much legitimacy" because it was skewed towards preserving the status quo.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

Powers transferred over planning and nature conservation matters at sea (2008)

is the process in which the central grants administrative powers (excluding principally matters) to the devolved . Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the – while others have since advocated for complete . The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in , this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a . In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the and the eventual passage of the .

During 2008, agreement was reached to transfer responsibility for all planning and nature conservation matters at sea up to 200 miles from the Scottish coast to the . The change has implications for the , wind and wave power and to a lesser extent, fishing, though responsibility for fishing quotas remains a issue and oil and gas licensing and permitting remains a reserved matter.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

Independence referendum

is the process in which the central grants administrative powers (excluding principally matters) to the devolved . Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the – while others have since advocated for complete . The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in , this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a . In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the and the eventual passage of the .

In August 2009 the SNP announced a Referendum Bill would be included in its package of bills to be debated before Parliament in 2009–10, with the intention of holding a referendum on the issues of in November 2010. The bill did not pass due to the SNP's status as a , and due to the initial opposition to the Bill from all other major parties in the . Following the , the SNP had a majority in parliament and again brought forward an Independence Referendum Bill. The Scottish Government also suggested that (known as "devo-max") could be an alternative option in the vote. The negotiation of the resulted in the UK government legislating to provide the Scottish Parliament with the powers to hold the referendum. The "devo-max" option was not included, however, as the Edinburgh Agreement stipulated that the referendum had to be a clear binary choice between independence or the existing devolution arrangements. The Scottish Independence Referendum (Franchise) Act 2013 was passed by the Scottish Parliament and campaigning commenced. Two days before the referendum was held, with polls very close, the leaders of the three main UK political parties made "The Vow", a public pledge to devolve "extensive new powers" to the Scottish Parliament if independence was rejected. They also agreed to a devolution timetable proposed by . After heavy campaigning by both sides, voting took place on 18 September 2014. Independence was rejected by a margin of 45% in favour to 55% against.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

Smith Commission

is the process in which the central grants administrative powers (excluding principally matters) to the devolved . Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the – while others have since advocated for complete . The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in , this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a . In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the and the eventual passage of the .

The day after the referendum, announced the formation of the to "convene cross-party talks" concerning "recommendations for further devolution of powers to the Scottish Parliament". Two months later, on 27 November 2014, the commission published its recommendations, which included giving the Scottish Parliament complete power to set income tax rates and bands, increased borrowing powers, and an of other rights and powers.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

Scotland Act 2016

is the process in which the central grants administrative powers (excluding principally matters) to the devolved . Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the – while others have since advocated for complete . The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in , this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a . In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the and the eventual passage of the .

Based on the Smith Commission's recommendations, the was passed by Parliament and received Royal Assent on 23 March 2016. The Act set out amendments to the and devolved further powers to Scotland, most notably: The ability to amend sections of the which relate to the operation of the and the within the United Kingdom including control of its electoral system (subject to a two-thirds majority within the parliament for any proposed change) Legislative control over areas such as , , and advice amongst others by devolution of powers in relation to these fields to the Scottish Parliament and the Scottish Ministers. Management of the and the in Control over certain and removable including Full control over including Income Tax rates and bands on non-savings and non-dividend income The Act recognised the Scottish Parliament and a Scottish Government as permanent among UK's constitutional arrangements, with a referendum required before either can be abolished.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

Federal UK reform

is the process in which the central grants administrative powers (excluding principally matters) to the devolved . Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the – while others have since advocated for complete . The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in , this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a . In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the and the eventual passage of the .

Keir Starmer, leader of the UK Labour Party is in favour of reforming the UK and has promised to do so "quickly" if a UK Labour government is elected. Starmer has also tasked Gordon Brown, former prime minister of the UK with heading a "Constitution Commission" which would form in the event of a Labour UK government. Gordon Brown has suggested federalism as a viable option following Brexit and according to Tory MP Adam Tompkins, Gordon Brown wants "a reformed Britain, a new federal settlement, and further powers for a supercharged Holyrood".

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

Changes enacted by the UK parliament

is the process in which the central grants administrative powers (excluding principally matters) to the devolved . Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the – while others have since advocated for complete . The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in , this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a . In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the and the eventual passage of the .

In an effort to safeguard the UK internal market post-Brexit and to avoid trade discrepancies or issues for goods moving within the UK, the put forward the in parliament. Within Scotland, the Act was condemned as an affront on devolution by the governing , however was supported by the and various businesses and organisations in Scotland. The act can also cause the regulation of service in one part of the UK to be recognised across the whole UK. The act allows UK ministers to spend on devolved policies without the approval of the devolved parliament.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20devolution

Scottish devolution

Further reading

is the process in which the central grants administrative powers (excluding principally matters) to the devolved . Prior to the advent of devolution, some had argued for a Scottish Parliament within the – while others have since advocated for complete . The people of Scotland first got the opportunity to vote in a referendum on proposals for devolution in 1979 and, although a majority of those voting voted 'Yes', the referendum legislation also required 40% of the electorate to vote 'Yes' for the plans to be enacted and this was not achieved. A second referendum opportunity in , this time on a strong proposal, resulted in an overwhelming 'Yes' victory, leading to the being passed and the Scottish Parliament being established in 1999. Scottish voters were given the chance to vote 'Yes' on outright independence in a . In an effort to persuade Scots to remain in the Union, the major UK parties vowed to devolve further powers to Scotland after the referendum. The 'No' vote prevailed (independence was rejected) and the campaign promise of devolution resulted in the formation of the and the eventual passage of the .

Uncharted Territory: The Story of Scottish Devolution 1999–2009 by Hamish Macdonell (2009) The Scottish Political System Since Devolution: From New Politics to the New Scottish Government by Paul Cairney (2011) N. Lloyd-Jones, 'Liberalism, Scottish Nationalism and the Home Rule crisis, c.1886-1893', "English Historical Review" (August 2014) James Wilkie, The Scotland-UN Committee and its role in obtaining Scottish Devolution. The Story of the Scottish Parliament: The First Two Decades Explained edited by Gerry Hassan (2019)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Anderson%20%28bishop%20of%20British%20Columbia%29

John Anderson (bishop of British Columbia)

Introduction

John Ogle Anderson (1912–1969) was an bishop in the mid 20th century. Anderson was born in and educated at . in 1937, after at St Anne's, and All Saints' he was a during with the Canadian Grenadier Guards and then of St Aidan's from 1946 to 1949. He was (Winnipeg) (1949-1954) and then of (1954-1962) before his ordination to the as Bishop of Red River, a of . In 1967, he was to but died the following year.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Jefferson%20Hotel

Thomas Jefferson Hotel

Introduction

Thomas Jefferson Tower, originally the Thomas Jefferson Hotel and then the Cabana Hotel, is a 19-story building on the western side of downtown . It was completed in 1929 as the 350-room Thomas Jefferson Hotel and is at 1623 2nd Avenue North. It has a tower in its roof intended to be a .

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Jefferson%20Hotel

Thomas Jefferson Hotel

History

Thomas Jefferson Tower, originally the Thomas Jefferson Hotel and then the Cabana Hotel, is a 19-story building on the western side of downtown . It was completed in 1929 as the 350-room Thomas Jefferson Hotel and is at 1623 2nd Avenue North. It has a tower in its roof intended to be a .

The Thomas Jefferson Hotel was planned and developed by the Union Realty Company, headed by Henry Cobb. The company was organized in November 1925 in the office of architect , who prepared the design for the $1.5 million project. The of Nashville, Tennessee was selected as contractor and work began on the site in May 1926. Progress was halted in April 1927 when one of the projects financiers, the Adair Realty and Trust Company of Atlanta, Georgia failed. A new holding company was formed and work resumed in July 1928. Costs reached $2.5 million before it opened on September 7, 1929. The hotel's opening week featured nightly banquets and dances featuring an orchestra from New York. It was originally called The Thomas Jefferson Hotel, then the Cabana Hotel, the Leer Tower, and finally the Thomas Jefferson Tower.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Jefferson%20Hotel

Thomas Jefferson Hotel

Design

Thomas Jefferson Tower, originally the Thomas Jefferson Hotel and then the Cabana Hotel, is a 19-story building on the western side of downtown . It was completed in 1929 as the 350-room Thomas Jefferson Hotel and is at 1623 2nd Avenue North. It has a tower in its roof intended to be a .

The hotel featured an ornate marble lobby, a large ballroom, and a rooftop mooring mast intended for use by dirigibles. The ground floor incorporated space for six shops and the basement included a billiard room and barber shop. The ballroom and dining rooms on the second floor opened out onto roof terraces from which the main tower rose. A Corinthian colonnade in glazed white set off the base of the tower, with the hotel entrance marked by a metal canopy. The fourth floor created an entablature, punctuated by the rhythm of windows that continued in brick for 13 more floors. The tower was capped on the top two floors with ornamented terra-cotta, including a balustrade and arched deep-set openings. The corners of the tower were clad in white brick to provide visual supports for the upper portion of the tower, while the narrow strips of brick between the windows were tan in color, each capped with a white acanthus leaf at the top. The edge of each corner was softened with a twisted-rope moulding, rising to a sculpted satyr at the top. The cornice rests on tightly spaced brackets with a shallow overhang of red mission tile suggesting a sloped roof.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Jefferson%20Hotel

Thomas Jefferson Hotel

Early years

Thomas Jefferson Tower, originally the Thomas Jefferson Hotel and then the Cabana Hotel, is a 19-story building on the western side of downtown . It was completed in 1929 as the 350-room Thomas Jefferson Hotel and is at 1623 2nd Avenue North. It has a tower in its roof intended to be a .

A $35,000 improvement project was undertaken in 1933. Some of the retail spaces were subsumed into a larger hotel lobby with an electric fireplace. The dining room was similarly expanded and a banquet room was constructed over part of the roof terrace. It was only the first of several renovations for numerous owners. The Stirrup Cup lounge opened at the hotel on October 4, 1940. Birmingham newspapers declared the 200-room Thomas Jefferson Hotel as one of the finest in the country. Built to host huge gatherings, the $2.5 million facility was stocked with 7,000 pieces of silverware, 5,000 glasses and 4,000 sets of linen. As an affiliate of the National Hotels chain and under the management of , the Thomas Jefferson advertised rooms from $9 to 18 a night and multi-room suites for $18 to 35. All rooms were air conditioned and provided with a private bath, radio, television and Muzak. The hotel operated a laundry and valet service and housed a coffee shop, lounge, pharmacy and barber shop. Nightly dinner dances were held in the Windsor Room. Other rooms available for events included the Terrace Ballroom, Jefferson Room, Green Room, Gold Room, Board Room and Director's Room. "Southern charm and hospitality at its happy best, wonderful best. That's the pride of Birmingham The Hotel Thomas Jefferson", an early newspaper ad boasted. A large vertically oriented painted sign for the Thomas Jefferson Hotel is still visible on the brick-clad west side of the tower. At one time the letters were outlined with neon tubes, fabricated and installed by Dixie Neon. "It had an excellent chef. Among the bellboys, they were especially known for pecan pies", a man who was a bellboy in 1943 says with a smile, as if just being offered a piece. "Oh man, they were delicious." Its luxury status made the Thomas Jefferson a prime spot for celebrities visiting the city, including Mickey Rooney and Ethel Merman. U.S Presidents and and singer have also stayed at the hotel. But most of the guests were businessmen, often salesmen who rented one room for sleeping and another as an office for peddling their inventory. The hotel was a showplace with unparalleled amenities. And when the employees were not carrying luggage and serving guests, they operated a popular side business at the hotel. In the age of Prohibition, clever methods were used to meet the needs of thirsty guests. Bellboys would buy "Pensacola rye" from the nearby police station to sell to hotel guests.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Jefferson%20Hotel

Thomas Jefferson Hotel

Cabana Hotel

Thomas Jefferson Tower, originally the Thomas Jefferson Hotel and then the Cabana Hotel, is a 19-story building on the western side of downtown . It was completed in 1929 as the 350-room Thomas Jefferson Hotel and is at 1623 2nd Avenue North. It has a tower in its roof intended to be a .

The 1970s marked a period of decline for the aging luxury hotel, renamed the Cabana Hotel in 1972. A new rooftop sign advertising the hotel was then added, along with a main hotel sign. The original ornate carpets were now replaced with shag carpets, and dropped ceilings were added. The economy had slowed, and a shift of attention to the northern end of town left older hotels, such as the Cabana, struggling. The scene was typical nationwide, as corporate mergers and new projects prompted the closing of many old buildings. During its peak, the Cabana hosted Mickey Rooney and Ethel Merman during visits to Birmingham. A special suite was reserved for Bear Bryant during games at Legion Field. In Birmingham, the Cabana was the last of the perennial hotels to fade away following the demise of the original Tutwiler Hotel in 1974, and the Bankhead Hotel conversion into senior housing. Its demise was also quickened by the opening of the complex to the north, taking all of its business to the Hyatt House Birmingham Hotel (now Sheraton Birmingham) and the Civic Center (now gone) as well. It was a slow death that stripped it of most of its former glory. The hotel had suffered two major fires during this period of decline: one large one in 1980 and a smaller one in 1981. By 1981, the Cabana was a second-rate, $200-a-month apartment building with fewer than 100 residents. The hotel was shut down on May 31, 1983, by city health officials after it was declared uninhabitable on account of "bad plumbing, insufficient lighting, some inoperative smoke detectors and failure to upgrade to city fire codes".

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Jefferson%20Hotel

Thomas Jefferson Hotel

Leer Tower

Thomas Jefferson Tower, originally the Thomas Jefferson Hotel and then the Cabana Hotel, is a 19-story building on the western side of downtown . It was completed in 1929 as the 350-room Thomas Jefferson Hotel and is at 1623 2nd Avenue North. It has a tower in its roof intended to be a .

In 2005 the Leer Corporation of Modesto, California, announced a $20 million proposal to convert the building into upscale condominiums, to be known as the Leer Tower. That proposal was delayed by a dispute over control of the building and the owner's inability to secure local financing. The property went into foreclosure in July 2008. Subsequently the property had fallen further into disrepair, with the basement flooded with water and vagrants squatting in the upper floors.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Jefferson%20Hotel

Thomas Jefferson Hotel

Non-Profit seeks to renovate

Thomas Jefferson Tower, originally the Thomas Jefferson Hotel and then the Cabana Hotel, is a 19-story building on the western side of downtown . It was completed in 1929 as the 350-room Thomas Jefferson Hotel and is at 1623 2nd Avenue North. It has a tower in its roof intended to be a .

In 2012, it was reported that a nonprofit corporation, Thomas Jefferson Tower Inc., was raising funds to buy the building and renovate it into a hotel, possibly as part of a mixed-use development including retail, a grocery store, and apartments. These efforts would ultimately prove unsuccessful.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Jefferson%20Hotel

Thomas Jefferson Hotel

Thomas Jefferson Tower

Thomas Jefferson Tower, originally the Thomas Jefferson Hotel and then the Cabana Hotel, is a 19-story building on the western side of downtown . It was completed in 1929 as the 350-room Thomas Jefferson Hotel and is at 1623 2nd Avenue North. It has a tower in its roof intended to be a .

In August 2013, the building and its annex were acquired by TJTower LLC, a group of investors from and including former professional basketball player . The former hotel was one of the first projects in Alabama to utilize new state and federal tax credits designed to spur redevelopment of historic structures. Pre-construction plans called for mixed-use conversion into 100 apartments, ground floor restaurant and retail space, and event/entertainment space in the former dining room and ballroom. It is one of multiple revitalization projects occurring in downtown Birmingham, along with the renovation of the long-closed Lyric Theater and the nearby Pizitz Building. Construction began on February 12, 2015. As of May 2015, the "Leer Tower" signage as well as the ground floor siding had been removed. On August 6, 2016, the top portion of the rooftop mooring mast was replaced, and the structure returned to its original appearance. The structure features LED lighting that can be remotely changed in color and intensity to mark specific occasions, much like is done at the Empire State Building in New York. It reopened in 2017. It became one of America's Prime attractions from Alabama.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takumi%20Watanabe

Takumi Watanabe

Introduction

is a former ese player.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takumi%20Watanabe

Takumi Watanabe

Playing career

is a former ese player.

Watanabe was born in on March 15, 1982. After graduating from high school, he joined newly was promoted to club, in 2000. However he could not play at all in the match in 2000 and the club was relegated to from 2001. He played many matches as defensive midfielder from 2001. In 2003, he was converted to center back and became a regular player. However his opportunity to play decreased from 2004. Although the club won the champions in 2004 and was promoted to J1 from 2005, he could hardly play in the match in J1. In 2006, he moved to J2 club . He became a regular player as defensive midfielder. Although his opportunity to play decreased from summer 2007, the club was promoted to J1 first time in the club history from 2009. He played many matches as substitute midfielder. In 2010, he moved to and played many matches. In 2011, he moved to club . He played many matches and the club was promoted to J2 from 2012. In 2013, he moved to J2 club . However he could not play many matches in 3 seasons. In 2016, he moved to his local club in . He played many matches as defensive midfielder and retired end of 2017 season.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20weapons%20in%20the%20American%20Civil%20War

French weapons in the American Civil War

Introduction

French weapons in the American Civil War had a key role in the conflict and encompassed most of the sectors of weaponry of the (1861–1865), from to , and . The effect of French weapons was especially significant in field artillery and . These weapons were either American productions based on French designs, or sometimes directly imported from France.

projected-20461823-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20weapons%20in%20the%20American%20Civil%20War

French weapons in the American Civil War

Field artillery

French weapons in the American Civil War had a key role in the conflict and encompassed most of the sectors of weaponry of the (1861–1865), from to , and . The effect of French weapons was especially significant in field artillery and . These weapons were either American productions based on French designs, or sometimes directly imported from France.

The , introduced in the in 1853, an early type of , or developed during the reign of , was the primary cannon used in the , under the name of 12-pounder Napoleon Model 1857. Over 1,100 such Napoleons were manufactured by the North, and 600 by the South. The twelve-pound cannon "Napoleon" was the most popular smoothbore cannon used during the war. It was widely admired because of its safety, reliability, and killing power, especially at close range. It did not reach America until 1857. It was the last cast gun used by an American army. The version of the Napoleon can be recognized by the flared front end of the barrel, called the muzzle swell. Confederate Napoleons were produced in at least six variations, most of which had straight muzzles, but at least eight cataloged survivors of 133 identified have muzzle swells. Additionally, four iron Confederate Napoleons produced by in have been identified, of an estimated 125 cast.

projected-20461823-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20weapons%20in%20the%20American%20Civil%20War

French weapons in the American Civil War

Submarines

French weapons in the American Civil War had a key role in the conflict and encompassed most of the sectors of weaponry of the (1861–1865), from to , and . The effect of French weapons was especially significant in field artillery and . These weapons were either American productions based on French designs, or sometimes directly imported from France.

During the American Civil War, the Union-built and French-designed was the first submarine and the first to feature compressed air (for air supply) and an air filtration system. Initially hand-powered by oars, it was converted after 6 months to a screw propeller powered by a hand crank. With a crew of 20, it was larger than Confederate submarines. Alligator was 47 feet (14.3 m) long and about 4 feet (1.2 m) in diameter. The submarine was lost in a storm off on April 1, 1863 with no crew and under tow to its first combat deployment at Charleston.

projected-20461823-003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20weapons%20in%20the%20American%20Civil%20War

French weapons in the American Civil War

Ironclads

French weapons in the American Civil War had a key role in the conflict and encompassed most of the sectors of weaponry of the (1861–1865), from to , and . The effect of French weapons was especially significant in field artillery and . These weapons were either American productions based on French designs, or sometimes directly imported from France.

As the Confederacy struggled against the North, it attempted to purchase one of the latest ironclads from France, (later acquired by Japan after the end of the war). The ship, built in Bordeaux, France by the L'Arman shipyard in 1864, was an ironclad warship. However, the French government embargoed the sale of the ship to the Confederacy in February 1864 (prior to her launch in June 1864), and then sold the ship to the as Stærkodder. However, L'Arman and the Danish Navy could not agree on a price for the ship, and sometime shortly after January 7, 1865 the vessel took on a crew and was commissioned CSS Stonewall while still at sea; L'Arman had secretly resold her to the Confederacy. The arrival of the "formidable" Stonewall in America was dreaded by the , and several ships tried to intercept her, among them and . In February and March, and laid up at , Spain, to prevent Stonewall from departing, but the much more powerful Confederate ship was able to make good her escape. After an eventful crossing of the Atlantic Ocean, she eventually arrived in North American waters near the , too late to have a significant effect. (By the time of her October 1864 commissioning the Confederacy was in disarray and near defeat, its navy disintegrating, along with most other Confederate institutions.) To avoid surrendering the vessel, Captain Page sailed her into Havana harbor and turned her over to the Captain General of Cuba for the sum of $16,000. The vessel was then turned over to United States authorities in return for reimbursement of the same amount. She was temporarily de-commissioned, stationed at a dock, until she was offered for sale to the of the .

projected-20461830-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Frozen%20Flower

A Frozen Flower

Introduction

A Frozen Flower () is a . It is directed by and stars , and . The historical film is set during and is loosely based on the reign of (1330–1374), but it does not strictly comply with historical facts. The controversial story is about the characters' violation of royal family protocol and their pursuit of love. It was released in on 30 December 2008 and was the 6th most attended film of 2008 with 3,772,976 tickets sold.

projected-20461830-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Frozen%20Flower

A Frozen Flower

Plot

A Frozen Flower () is a . It is directed by and stars , and . The historical film is set during and is loosely based on the reign of (1330–1374), but it does not strictly comply with historical facts. The controversial story is about the characters' violation of royal family protocol and their pursuit of love. It was released in on 30 December 2008 and was the 6th most attended film of 2008 with 3,772,976 tickets sold.

The King () of is married to a princess (), but they do not have any children. There is constant pressure on the King both from the Yuan emperor and his own counselors to produce a crown prince and ensure the continuity of the royal dynasty. The King's palace guard is composed of thirty six young soldiers, led by military commander Hong-rim (), who is also the King's lover. The King finally decides to charge Hong-rim with a strange commission: the Queen to impregnate her. Hong-rim and the Queen are uncomfortable accepting the royal order, but they finally comply. However, their relationship does not stop at , but an intense romance soon blossoms between the two, and in this strong there is no place for the King. The two passionate lovers surpass their "official mission" and continue to meet each other at midnight in the library in secret. The King begins to suspect Hong-rim's infidelity and soon gains evidence through his junior commander. To punish them and to also gauge the depth of Hong-rim's affection for the Queen, the King calls the two together to his chamber. The king tells them that he has decided that the Queen will continue to try and beget an heir, but only with another subordinate. The King remains firm in his decision, despite entreaties from both the Queen and Hong-rim. In despair, the Queen attempts to kill herself by slitting her wrists, but fails. In a last-ditch effort to change the King's mind, Hong-rim asks the Queen to stay away from him, and goes to the King to offer his own life in exchange for forgiveness. The King pardons him, believing Hong-rim's claim that his involvement with the Queen was purely lust. He decides to overlook everything that had happened, and instead orders Hong-rim to go away for a while to clear his mind and settle his emotions. The night before Hong-rim's departure, the Queen's personal maid secretly informs him that the Queen wishes to meet him one last time. She also bears news that the Queen has finally conceived a child. Hong-rim sneaks out from the King's bedside to meet the Queen in the library. They end up having passionate sex in the library, but the King realizes what is happening and catches them . When the two lovers attempt to save each other by begging the King to kill them and not the other, the King realizes how strong their for each other is. In a jealous rage, he has Hong-rim and sent to prison. The Queen now realizes that the King will eliminate everyone who knows their secret, so she sends her maid to warn Hong-rim's loyal subordinates, and they manage to free Hong-rim from prison and flee the city with him. Upon learning of the escape, the King demands to know Hong-rim's whereabouts from the Queen, but she refuses to answer. In response, he kills her maid. The King is then informed that the Queen is pregnant, and as the Queen had predicted, he then orders the execution of everyone who knows that he is not the child's father. Only his junior commander, who took over from Hong-rim, is spared. Some time later, and having recovered from his wound, Hong-rim realizes that the Queen is still in the palace and not on the run, as his subordinates were ordered to tell him. Furious, he starts out for the city on horseback, despite their protests, but then he stops in his journey, realizing how futile it would be. However, on returning to the refuge, he finds that his men have been tracked down and captured. At the palace, the King tortures the subordinates to discover the whereabouts of Hong-rim, but they remain silent, so the King has them executed and their heads put up on posts on the palace gates, along with that of the Queen's maid. Her head bears the Queen's necklace, in order to trick Hong-rim into believing the queen is dead and forcing him to return to exact revenge. When Hong-rim returns to the city, he indeed becomes enraged by this sight and determines to kill the King. Disguising himself as a soldier, he enters the palace grounds during the celebrations for the soldier who came back from war and hides out, awaiting his chance to reach the King and kill him. Meanwhile, as the King returns to his private quarters, he encounters the Queen, but he snubs her, and orders his junior commander to escort her back to her room. As the commander is about to leave the Queen's chamber, she warns him that the King will surely have him killed as soon as the baby is born; she then says that if the commander assassinates the King, and her father takes over the throne, she will guarantee that his life will be spared. The junior commander then calls a meeting of his most trusted subordinates and reveals the truth about the King, the Queen and Hong-rim. However, before they can carry out the Queen's plan, Hong-rim goes into action. Ignoring the palace guards, who plead with him to leave before he is captured and killed, he fights his way to the King's quarters, cutting down all who oppose him. Reaching the King's chamber, Hong-rim confronts the King and demands that he fight him. An intense duel ensues, during which Hong-rim slashes through the King's favorite painting, which depicts him and Hong-rim hunting together. As the desperate duel continues, the junior commander and his men arrive (their intentions not entirely clear), but the King orders them not to intervene, and the junior commander holds them back and awaits the outcome of the fight. At the climax of the duel, the King manages to break Hong-rim's sword, and stabs him in the shoulder. While Hong-rim is pinned by his sword, the King asks him a last question: whether or not Hong-rim had ever felt love for him. Hong-rim replies, "No". Hearing this, the King is shocked, giving Hong-rim time to throw himself forward on the blade and kill the King with the remaining half of his own sword. As the King dies, Hong-rim staggers to his feet, pulls the King's sword from his shoulder and charges at the guards, but he is fatally stabbed by the junior commander. Moments later, the Queen arrives at the scene with the guards at her heels, who try to hold her back. Horrified, she tearfully calls out for Hong-rim. As she is taken away by the guards, Hong-rim realizes that the King had not killed her after all. He turns his head from her and dies facing the king, his eyes filled with realization of his test. The junior commander then declares that the King has been killed by an assassin, and he orders his men to quickly remove the bodies, and to tell no one of what has transpired. The final scenes of the film show a to when the King showed young Hong-rim the view of the city and asked if Hong-rim wished to live with him, to which the young Hong-rim replied "Yes." The film ends on a montage of the King and Hong-rim happily hunting together, referring back to a dream the King once had, as depicted in the King's painting.

projected-20461830-003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Frozen%20Flower

A Frozen Flower

Main

A Frozen Flower () is a . It is directed by and stars , and . The historical film is set during and is loosely based on the reign of (1330–1374), but it does not strictly comply with historical facts. The controversial story is about the characters' violation of royal family protocol and their pursuit of love. It was released in on 30 December 2008 and was the 6th most attended film of 2008 with 3,772,976 tickets sold.

as Hong-rim as young Hong-rim as Lee Poong-woon as young the King as

projected-20461830-004

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Frozen%20Flower

A Frozen Flower

Supporting

A Frozen Flower () is a . It is directed by and stars , and . The historical film is set during and is loosely based on the reign of (1330–1374), but it does not strictly comply with historical facts. The controversial story is about the characters' violation of royal family protocol and their pursuit of love. It was released in on 30 December 2008 and was the 6th most attended film of 2008 with 3,772,976 tickets sold.

as Seung-ki Baek Seung-ho as young Seung-ki as Han-baek as young Han-baek Yeo Wook-hwan as Im-bo as No-tak Jang Ji-won as Bo-duk Kim Choon-ki as Eunuch Hwang Lee Jong-goo as Tae-sa Kwon Tae-won as Jo Il-moon Do Yong-koo as Ki Won-hong Ko In-bum as Yeon Ki-mok Ham Kun-soo as Yuan Dynasty Four Symbols as Min-woo Do Ye-sung as Choi-Kwan as Seong-min Park Jong-soo as Eunuch Shin Son Jong-hak as 밀사 Kang-Poong as 밀사 Jo Yong-hyun as a young eunuch Kim Pil-joong as a young eunuch Jung In-hwa as Court Lady Park Park Jong-bo as Lord Chil-Won Kim Ki-suk as a young Buddhist monk Park Min-kyoo as a young Buddhist monk Kim Ki-bang as a shop owner in Byeollak Province Lee Se-ryang as a shop owner in Hyangnang Lee Ye-na as a Royal consort Hong Ka-yeon as a Royal consort Min Ji-hyun as a Royal consort Lee Jung-joo as a Palace maid who dressed like a man Kim Min-ah as one of Queen Hall's Musuri Lee Jin-ah as one of Queen Hall's Musuri Kim Hee-seon as one of Yeongsu Hall's maid Kim Se-hee as one of Yeongsu Hall's maid Kim Kyung-hee as a Court Lady Choi Seung-hee as a Court Lady Choi Seung-il as a Eunuch Lee Seon-min as a Eunuch Kang Dong-kyoon as a Eunuch Jo Jin-woong as Lord Tae Ahn Im Hyun-sung

projected-20461830-006

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Frozen%20Flower

A Frozen Flower

Production

A Frozen Flower () is a . It is directed by and stars , and . The historical film is set during and is loosely based on the reign of (1330–1374), but it does not strictly comply with historical facts. The controversial story is about the characters' violation of royal family protocol and their pursuit of love. It was released in on 30 December 2008 and was the 6th most attended film of 2008 with 3,772,976 tickets sold.

According to historical records, after the death of his , descended into a life of debauchery, hiring a team of handsome male bodyguards of noble birth to serve in the palace in 1372. When one of the bodyguards made King Gongmin's second wife pregnant, Gongmin tried to kill him to quell the scandal, but was killed by the bodyguard's friends instead. But some historians disagree with this account, insisting that Gongmin was slandered in an attempt to justify the founding of the , and that the youths were just bodyguards. A Frozen Flower takes its title from a song of that era which described the sexual relationships between Hong-rim and the Queen. It is the fifth feature film by director , who wanted to make a change from his previous works by doing a historical film, saying, "I always felt uncomfortable with the genre but I felt I should try to overcome those feelings. It is also a new challenge for me to focus on a melodrama." He also stated that the film was "a love story between men." was on board from the beginning of the project, and turned down other acting roles to make A Frozen Flower his last work before enlisting for . He chose to appear in the film without knowing the exact details, having faith in the director following their earlier collaboration in 2005 on . Jo began training for the role in August 2007, learning martial arts, fencing, horse riding and . The casting of as the king was announced in December 2007. The budget for A Frozen Flower was 10 million, and the film went into production on 16 April 2008. It was the first film to shoot at the newly built Jeonju Cinema Studio.

projected-20461830-007

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Frozen%20Flower

A Frozen Flower

Awards and nominations

A Frozen Flower () is a . It is directed by and stars , and . The historical film is set during and is loosely based on the reign of (1330–1374), but it does not strictly comply with historical facts. The controversial story is about the characters' violation of royal family protocol and their pursuit of love. It was released in on 30 December 2008 and was the 6th most attended film of 2008 with 3,772,976 tickets sold.

Best Actor - Nomination - Most Popular Actress (Film) - Nomination - Best Film Best Art Direction - Kim Ki-chul Best Music - Kim Jun-seok Nomination - Best Lighting - Yoon Ji-won Nomination - Best Costume Design - Lee Hye-soon, Jeong Jeong-eun Nomination - Best Cinematography - Choi Hyun-ki Nomination - Best Art Direction - Kim Ki-chul Nomination - Best Lighting - Yoon Ji-won Nomination - Technical Award - Lee Hye-soon, Jeong Jeong-eun (Costume Design) 2010 Orient Express Section Special Jury Award -

projected-20461830-008

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Frozen%20Flower

A Frozen Flower

International

A Frozen Flower () is a . It is directed by and stars , and . The historical film is set during and is loosely based on the reign of (1330–1374), but it does not strictly comply with historical facts. The controversial story is about the characters' violation of royal family protocol and their pursuit of love. It was released in on 30 December 2008 and was the 6th most attended film of 2008 with 3,772,976 tickets sold.

The rights of the film were sold to Japan, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg before it was completed, and also a further seven countries at the .

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohei%20Miyazaki

Kohei Miyazaki

Introduction

is a former ese player.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohei%20Miyazaki

Kohei Miyazaki

Playing career

is a former ese player.

Miyazaki was born in on February 6, 1981. After graduating from high school, he joined club in 1999. Although he played several matches in 2001, he could hardly play in the match at the club in 3 seasons. In 2002, he moved to club . He played many matches as regular player and the club was promoted to J1 from 2006. Although his opportunity to play decreased from 2006 and the club was relegated to J2 in a year. In 2008, he moved to J2 club . He played many matches and the club was promoted to J1 from 2009. His opportunity to play decreased from 2010 and the club finished at bottom place in 2011 and was relegated to J2 from 2012. In 2012, he moved to J2 club . He played many matches and the club was promoted to J1 from 2014. Although his opportunity to play decreased and the club finished at bottom place in 2014 and was relegated to J2 from 2015. He retired end of 2014 season.

projected-20461846-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RBL%2020-pounder%20Armstrong%20gun

RBL 20-pounder Armstrong gun

Introduction

The Armstrong Breech Loading 20-pounder gun, later known as 20-pounder, was an early modern 3.75-inch light gun of 1859.

projected-20461846-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RBL%2020-pounder%20Armstrong%20gun

RBL 20-pounder Armstrong gun

History

The Armstrong Breech Loading 20-pounder gun, later known as 20-pounder, was an early modern 3.75-inch light gun of 1859.

The gun was effectively a larger version of the successful . There were different versions for land and sea service.

projected-20461846-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RBL%2020-pounder%20Armstrong%20gun

RBL 20-pounder Armstrong gun

Sea service

The Armstrong Breech Loading 20-pounder gun, later known as 20-pounder, was an early modern 3.75-inch light gun of 1859.

The RBL 20 pounder of 13 cwt and 15 cwt for sea service was introduced in 1859. It is 2½ feet shorter than the land version giving it a bore of only 54 inches (14.43 calibres), and hence a short stubby appearance. Its short barrel only allowed it to attain a muzzle velocity of 1,000 ft/second. The 15 cwt gun, identifiable by the raised coil in front of the vent slot, was intended for broadside use in . The more lightly constructed 13 cwt gun was known as a pinnace gun and was intended for boat use.

projected-20461846-003

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RBL%2020-pounder%20Armstrong%20gun

RBL 20-pounder Armstrong gun

Land service

The Armstrong Breech Loading 20-pounder gun, later known as 20-pounder, was an early modern 3.75-inch light gun of 1859.

The RBL 20 pounder of 16 cwt for land service was introduced in 1860. It has a bore of 84 inches (22.36 calibres) and hence has the appearance of a typical field gun. After it became obsolete for regular Royal Artillery use, a small number were re-issued to Volunteer Artillery Batteries of Position from 1889, alongside 16-pounder RML guns and 40 Pounder RBL guns. The 1893 the War Office Mobilisation Scheme shows the allocation of twelve Artillery Volunteer position batteries equipped with 20 Pounder guns which would be concentrated in in the event of mobilisation.

projected-20461846-004

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RBL%2020-pounder%20Armstrong%20gun

RBL 20-pounder Armstrong gun

Surviving examples

The Armstrong Breech Loading 20-pounder gun, later known as 20-pounder, was an early modern 3.75-inch light gun of 1859.

at on board at Portsmouth, UK A 13 cwt gun dated 1859 at the Artillery Museum, North Head, Sydney, Australia Sea Service Pattern at ,

projected-20461846-008

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RBL%2020-pounder%20Armstrong%20gun

RBL 20-pounder Armstrong gun

Bibliography

The Armstrong Breech Loading 20-pounder gun, later known as 20-pounder, was an early modern 3.75-inch light gun of 1859.

Treatise on the construction and manufacture of ordnance in the British service. War Office, UK, 1877 Text Book of Gunnery, 1887. London : Printed for his Majesty's Stationery Office, by Harrison and Sons, St. Martin's Lane Alexander Lyman Holley, A treatise on Ordnance and Armor published by D Van Nostrand, New York, 1865 Lieutenant-Colonel C H Owen R.A., The principles and practice of modern artillery, published by John Murray, London, 1873

projected-20461866-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Build%20This%20Garden%20for%20Us

I Build This Garden for Us

Introduction

"I Build This Garden for Us" is the second single by American musician from his debut album, , and released in 1990 by .

projected-20461866-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Build%20This%20Garden%20for%20Us

I Build This Garden for Us

Track listing

"I Build This Garden for Us" is the second single by American musician from his debut album, , and released in 1990 by .

"I Build This Garden for Us" – 6:16 (Kravitz) "Flower Child" – 2:56 (Kravitz) "Fear" – 5:25 (Kravitz, )

projected-20461866-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Build%20This%20Garden%20for%20Us

I Build This Garden for Us

Members

"I Build This Garden for Us" is the second single by American musician from his debut album, , and released in 1990 by .

– , , Jean McClain – backing vocals Yolanda Pittman – backing vocals Tisha Campbell – backing vocals Nancy Ives – cello Henry Hirsch – bass, organ, electric piano (Rhodes piano) Eric Delente – violin

projected-20461876-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-muscled%20cattle

Double-muscled cattle

Introduction

Double-muscled cattle refers to breeds of cattle that carry one of seven known s that limits and reduces the activity of the protein. Normally, myostatin limits the number of s present at birth, and interfering with activity of this protein causes animals to be born with higher numbers of muscle fibers, consequently augmenting muscle growth. Additionally, these mutations reduce the superficial and internal fat deposits, causing the meat to be less marbled and lower in fat content. Animals for myostatin mutation (inheriting a mutant copy of myostatin from both sire and dam) also have improved meat tenderness in some cuts of meat. The enlarged muscles of dam and calf at birth leads to increased difficulty of calving, and in some breeds frequently necessitates birth by .

projected-20461876-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-muscled%20cattle

Double-muscled cattle

History

Double-muscled cattle refers to breeds of cattle that carry one of seven known s that limits and reduces the activity of the protein. Normally, myostatin limits the number of s present at birth, and interfering with activity of this protein causes animals to be born with higher numbers of muscle fibers, consequently augmenting muscle growth. Additionally, these mutations reduce the superficial and internal fat deposits, causing the meat to be less marbled and lower in fat content. Animals for myostatin mutation (inheriting a mutant copy of myostatin from both sire and dam) also have improved meat tenderness in some cuts of meat. The enlarged muscles of dam and calf at birth leads to increased difficulty of calving, and in some breeds frequently necessitates birth by .

Some breeds of cattle do not possess the myostatin gene that helps regulate muscle growth. This causes them to have more muscle mass and yields more meat for the cattle farmers. Two of the breeds that possess the double muscle gene are the Piedmontese and the Parthenais. The Piedmontese was discovered in Italy 1897, and the Parthenais were found in France in 1893. The Belgian Blue is another cattle that can lack myostatin and have double muscles. The Belgian Blue originates from central and upper Belgium. The breed was established in the early 20th century. The Belgian Blue was once divided into two strains, one for beef and the other for milk. The Belgian Blue is now primarily beef. The Belgian Blue is relatively new to the U.S. but has gained acceptance from breeders. Myostatin was discovered by Se-Jin Lee and Alexander McPherron in 1997. They found that myostatin was lacking in mice and causes the size of the mice to increase by two or three times the size of mice that did not lack the myostatin. Later that year McPherron and Lee also saw that Piedmontese and Belgian Blue cattle were hypermuscular. The cattle had naturally occurring disruption of myostatin locus. Lee went on to extensively study myostatin. During this research he noted the loss of white fat that occurred when hyper muscularity by myostatin would happen. He also showed that myostatin was sufficient to cause a phenotype reminiscent of cachexia. "Dr. Lee has shown that other molecules in the TGF-B pathways, notably the activins and follistatin, also regulate muscle mass." Lee's contributions also demonstrated so potential that myostatin could be therapeutic, the clinical setting that myostatin blockade would be useful has not yet been found but it may be beneficial in some areas. People are now trying to use myostatin as a medicine. "The research has produced several muscle-building drugs now being tested in people with medical problems, including muscular dystrophy, cancer and kidney disease." Double-muscled breeding is done to get more meat and less fat. Backfat is generally found to be less in double-muscled cattle than in cattle with normal muscling. Animals that are double-muscled have a higher carcass yield but this does come with new problems for the cattle. The meat from double muscled cattle is tenderer. "There is a persisting trend to improve carcass quality in specialized beef breeds. A higher meat yield and more lean meat are desirable for the meat industry."

projected-20461876-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-muscled%20cattle

Double-muscled cattle

Controversy

Double-muscled cattle refers to breeds of cattle that carry one of seven known s that limits and reduces the activity of the protein. Normally, myostatin limits the number of s present at birth, and interfering with activity of this protein causes animals to be born with higher numbers of muscle fibers, consequently augmenting muscle growth. Additionally, these mutations reduce the superficial and internal fat deposits, causing the meat to be less marbled and lower in fat content. Animals for myostatin mutation (inheriting a mutant copy of myostatin from both sire and dam) also have improved meat tenderness in some cuts of meat. The enlarged muscles of dam and calf at birth leads to increased difficulty of calving, and in some breeds frequently necessitates birth by .

The enlarged muscles of dam and calf at birth leads to increased difficulty of calving, and in some breeds frequently necessitates birth by cesarean section. Affected breeds include: Maine Anjou Limousin

projected-20461884-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Howlett

Robert Howlett

Introduction

Robert Howlett (3 July 1831 – 2 December 1858) was a pioneering whose pictures are widely exhibited in major galleries. Howlett produced portraits of heroes, genre scenes and landscapes. His photographs include the of which was part of a commission by the London-based weekly newspaper to document the construction of the world's largest , the . He exhibited at the and published On the Various Methods of Printing Photographic Pictures upon Paper, with Suggestions for Their Preservation. He worked in partnership with at "The Photographic Institution" at , London. Howlett made photographic studies for the artist to assist him on his vast modern panorama painting (1856–58; Tate, London) which was exhibited at the in 1858. Howlett was commissioned by and to photograph the in the new drawing-room at , make copies of the paintings by and make a series of portraits called 'Crimean Heroes' which was exhibited in 1857 the Photographic Society of London's annual exhibition. Howlett died in 1858, aged 27. His death was apparently due to typhoid (rather than as a result of over-exposure to dangerous chemicals, as was suggested by some at the time, a myth that has continued to this day). The Illustrated Times praised him as "one of the most skillful photographers of the day." Prints from Howlett's photographs were published posthumously by his late partners Cundall & Downes under their own name, and by the .

projected-20461884-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Howlett

Robert Howlett

Early life and education

Robert Howlett (3 July 1831 – 2 December 1858) was a pioneering whose pictures are widely exhibited in major galleries. Howlett produced portraits of heroes, genre scenes and landscapes. His photographs include the of which was part of a commission by the London-based weekly newspaper to document the construction of the world's largest , the . He exhibited at the and published On the Various Methods of Printing Photographic Pictures upon Paper, with Suggestions for Their Preservation. He worked in partnership with at "The Photographic Institution" at , London. Howlett made photographic studies for the artist to assist him on his vast modern panorama painting (1856–58; Tate, London) which was exhibited at the in 1858. Howlett was commissioned by and to photograph the in the new drawing-room at , make copies of the paintings by and make a series of portraits called 'Crimean Heroes' which was exhibited in 1857 the Photographic Society of London's annual exhibition. Howlett died in 1858, aged 27. His death was apparently due to typhoid (rather than as a result of over-exposure to dangerous chemicals, as was suggested by some at the time, a myth that has continued to this day). The Illustrated Times praised him as "one of the most skillful photographers of the day." Prints from Howlett's photographs were published posthumously by his late partners Cundall & Downes under their own name, and by the .

Howlett was the second of four sons of Robert Howlett and Harriet Harsant. Two brothers died in infancy and his younger brother Thomas became a farmer. He was born in Theberton, Suffolk and the family had moved to , by the time he was 9 years old. His maternal grandfather, Thomas Harsant, a , constructed s, microscopes, electrical machines, implements and instruments. Robert built his own when a child. Thomas Harsant died in 1852 and left him £1000 plus his "turning lathe and all the apparatus and tools belonging thereto". Thus he was able to move to London.

projected-20461884-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Howlett

Robert Howlett

Career

Robert Howlett (3 July 1831 – 2 December 1858) was a pioneering whose pictures are widely exhibited in major galleries. Howlett produced portraits of heroes, genre scenes and landscapes. His photographs include the of which was part of a commission by the London-based weekly newspaper to document the construction of the world's largest , the . He exhibited at the and published On the Various Methods of Printing Photographic Pictures upon Paper, with Suggestions for Their Preservation. He worked in partnership with at "The Photographic Institution" at , London. Howlett made photographic studies for the artist to assist him on his vast modern panorama painting (1856–58; Tate, London) which was exhibited at the in 1858. Howlett was commissioned by and to photograph the in the new drawing-room at , make copies of the paintings by and make a series of portraits called 'Crimean Heroes' which was exhibited in 1857 the Photographic Society of London's annual exhibition. Howlett died in 1858, aged 27. His death was apparently due to typhoid (rather than as a result of over-exposure to dangerous chemicals, as was suggested by some at the time, a myth that has continued to this day). The Illustrated Times praised him as "one of the most skillful photographers of the day." Prints from Howlett's photographs were published posthumously by his late partners Cundall & Downes under their own name, and by the .

In London Howlett rose to prominence while working for the Photographic Institution at 168 New Bond Street, London, which was a leading establishment for the commercial promotion of photography through exhibitions, publications, and commissions. Although the Photographic Institution was established in 1853 by and , it is believed that Howlett replaced Delamotte, who became professor of drawing at . He was elected to membership of the Photographic Society of London, later the , in December 1855 and remained a member until his death. By 1856 Howlett was mentioned in the photographic press. He sent prints to the annual exhibitions of photographic societies in London, Manchester, and Norwich. These included landscape studies, In the Valley of the , , and , which are presumed to have been taken in 1855. He exhibited at the London Photographic Society and in 1856 published a booklet "On the Various Methods of Printing Photographic Pictures upon Paper, with Suggestions for Their Preservation". He also designed and sold 'dark room tents' and worked in partnership with Joseph Cundall at "The Photographic Institution" at 168 , London. Howlett undertook the first of a number of commissions for and in 1856, working for the Photographic Institution. These included copying the works of for Prince Albert, and making a series of portraits of heroic soldiers from the . These were first exhibited in 1857 as 'Crimean Heroes' at the Photographic Society of London's annual exhibition. In 2004 Cundall and Howlett's portraits of Crimean war veterans, were used by the for a set of six to mark the 150th anniversary of the conflict. Howlett's studio portraits at 'The Photographic Institute' included eminent 'fine artists' such as , , , and which were among a larger group exhibited at the in in 1857. Howlett was commissioned to make photographic studies of the crowd at the 1856 Epsom Derby for the painter , who used them in 1858 for his painting of which was exhibited at the in 1859. The photographs were taken from the roof of a cab.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Howlett

Robert Howlett

The Great Eastern

Robert Howlett (3 July 1831 – 2 December 1858) was a pioneering whose pictures are widely exhibited in major galleries. Howlett produced portraits of heroes, genre scenes and landscapes. His photographs include the of which was part of a commission by the London-based weekly newspaper to document the construction of the world's largest , the . He exhibited at the and published On the Various Methods of Printing Photographic Pictures upon Paper, with Suggestions for Their Preservation. He worked in partnership with at "The Photographic Institution" at , London. Howlett made photographic studies for the artist to assist him on his vast modern panorama painting (1856–58; Tate, London) which was exhibited at the in 1858. Howlett was commissioned by and to photograph the in the new drawing-room at , make copies of the paintings by and make a series of portraits called 'Crimean Heroes' which was exhibited in 1857 the Photographic Society of London's annual exhibition. Howlett died in 1858, aged 27. His death was apparently due to typhoid (rather than as a result of over-exposure to dangerous chemicals, as was suggested by some at the time, a myth that has continued to this day). The Illustrated Times praised him as "one of the most skillful photographers of the day." Prints from Howlett's photographs were published posthumously by his late partners Cundall & Downes under their own name, and by the .

Howlett's major work was the commission by to document the construction of the world's largest , the SS Great Eastern. His images were translated into wood-engravings by for the Illustrated Times. They reflected and stimulated the widespread interest in this feat of engineering. This project included the well-known portrait of the Great Easterns creator and engineer, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, standing in front of the giant launching chains on the 'checking drum' braking mechanism at 's . It was taken to celebrate the launch of the world's largest steamship, in November 1857.Icons, Profile of Robert Howlett This image, which depicts Brunel in an industrial setting instead of a more traditional background for a portrait, has been described as "one of the first examples of environmental portraiture". Death Howlett died in 1858, aged 27, at his home and studio at 10 Bedford Place, Campden Hill, shortly after returning from a trip to France to try out a new 'wide angle lens'. The cause of death was apparently due to typhoid, rather than (as suggested by some at the time) to over-exposure to the used in the invented by in about 1850. The Illustrated Times praised him as "one of the most skillful photographers of the day". The simply states febris (), 20 days. Howlett had originally told his friend that he had a cold. Grave Howlett is buried at the church of St Peter and St Paul, , where his father was . His gravestone is to the east of the chancel. In 2017 a campaign led by his biographer, Rose Teanby, succeeded in having his grave restored, followed by a re-dedication service on 14 October 2017. Galleries showing Robert Howlett London, London, New York, Hans P. Kraus, Jr., Fine Photographs , Bibliography On the Various Methods of Printing Photographic Pictures upon Paper, with Suggestions for Their Preservation, by Robert Howlett Modern tribute In 2008, David White recreated both Howlett's camera and the Brunel commission, travelling across south and west England. In 2009, the article The Light Shone and Was Spent: Robert Howlett and the Power of Photography by David White was published. Notes ReferencesNotes' Sources listed at , Roger Taylor, , 2004.accessed 2 Dec 2008 G. Seiberling and C. Bloor, Amateurs, photography, and the mid-Victorian imagination (1986) Mr Hardwick, Journal of the Photographic Society, 5 (1858–59), 111–12 A. Hamber, A higher branch of the arts (1996) R. Taylor, Critical moments: British photographic exhibitions, 1839–1865', Data base, priv. coll. Death Certificate. · CGPLA Eng. & Wales (1859)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jones%20Memorial%20Library%20%28Lynchburg%2C%20Virginia%29

Jones Memorial Library (Lynchburg, Virginia)

Introduction

The Jones Memorial Library Building is a historic building located on Rivermont Avenue at . It was designed by the local architectural firm of . It was erected in 1906–07 in the Revival style. It was listed on the in 1980. Jones Memorial Library, specializing in historical research and genealogy moved to 2311 Memorial Avenue, Lynchburg, Virginia in 1987.

projected-20461927-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick%20Gartrell

Frederick Gartrell

Introduction

Frederick Roy Gartrell (1914–1987) was an bishop in the 20th century. He was educated at and in 1939. After a at St James the Apostle, he was of St George's then of . From 1962 to 1970 he was . before his elevation to the as the eighth .

projected-20461941-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundsvallsflyg

Sundsvallsflyg

Introduction

Sundsvallsflyg was a small based in , . Their own staff worked partly as ground personnel and as on the aircraft, which were operated by . Sundsvallflyg was part of the now dissolved brand which incorporated several small domestic airlines. In 2016, the Sundsvallsflyg brand was, together with several other domestic airline brands, merged into the new .

projected-20461941-001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundsvallsflyg

Sundsvallsflyg

Destinations

Sundsvallsflyg was a small based in , . Their own staff worked partly as ground personnel and as on the aircraft, which were operated by . Sundsvallflyg was part of the now dissolved brand which incorporated several small domestic airlines. In 2016, the Sundsvallsflyg brand was, together with several other domestic airline brands, merged into the new .

Sundsvallsflyg operated the following destinations as of February 2015: - - base - seasonal

projected-20461941-002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundsvallsflyg

Sundsvallsflyg

Fleet

Sundsvallsflyg was a small based in , . Their own staff worked partly as ground personnel and as on the aircraft, which were operated by . Sundsvallflyg was part of the now dissolved brand which incorporated several small domestic airlines. In 2016, the Sundsvallsflyg brand was, together with several other domestic airline brands, merged into the new .

The Sundsvallsflyg fleet consisted of the following aircraft as of February 2015: 1 (operated by )

projected-20461946-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emosi%20Kauhenga

Emosi Kauhenga

Introduction

Emosi Kauhenga (born 27 April 1981 in , ) is a footballer. He plays at . In 2007 he was named to Tonga's Rugby World Cup squad. In 2009 he was selected for a team to play Ireland.

projected-20461962-000

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%20Brisbane%20International

2010 Brisbane International

Introduction

The 2010 Brisbane International was a joint and tournament played on outdoor s in , . It was the 2nd edition of the tournament and was played at the in . The centre court, is named in honour of Australian tennis hero . It took place from 3 to 10 January 2010. It was part of the Australian Open Series in preparation for the first Grand Slam of the year. has announced that she will make her return to professional tennis at the 2010 Brisbane International. Television coverage of the tournament was on , with live coverage of the day sessions and delayed coverage of the night sessions between 4 and 10 January.