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19149699

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Lacroix

Pierre Lacroix

Pierre Lacroix may refer to: Pierre Lacroix (theologian), French 18th century theologian Pierre Lacroix (rugby union) (1935–2019), French rugby union player for SU Agen Lot-et-Garonne Pierre Lacroix (ice hockey, born 1948), former NHL General Manager and team president Pierre Lacroix (ice hockey, born 1959), retired Canadian ice hockey player

27780859

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comtesse%20de%20Vendome

Comtesse de Vendome

The Comtesse de Vendôme is a diamond necklace composed of 116 diamonds, including a centerpiece 125-carat diamond, and an estimated value of approximately 31 million dollars (in 2004). The necklace was stolen from the Tokyo jewelry boutique Le Supre-Diamant Couture de Maki on March 5, 2004 by thieves who are believed to belong to the Pink Panthers crime ring. The Japanese police launched a massive investigation in the wake of the heist, which has been called "the greatest robbery in the history of Japan". According to their theories, the crime was perpetrated by four individuals: Serbians named Đorđe Rašović, Aleksandar Radulović, Snežana Panajotović and a Scottish woman named Dorothy Fasola. Fasola was responsible for logistic preparations and Panajotović for getaway, while Radulović and Rašović committed the actual heist. Radulović visited the boutique a couple times before the crime, posing as a well-heeled customer who was eventually shown the Comtesse de Vendome exhibition, which consisted of a glass display case and an electronic alarm. For the heist itself, he entered the boutique with Rašović trailing behind; Radulović immobilized the clerk with pepper spray and violent blows while Rašović broke the glass and taking the Comtesse. Both men, who were partially disguised with wigs and sunglasses, then made their getaway. Within a few years, all the suspects had been arrested. During their trials, Rašović and Radulović alleged that the crime was at the behest of the store itself; a manager had contracted the heist in order to collect the insurance value of the Comtesse. Radulović insisted that the jewelry had been left in a dumpster in return for $100,000 in cash. Although this allegation has not been substantiated or considered credible by the authorities, the de Maki store appears to have been in financial difficulties and eventually filed for bankruptcy. As of 2010, the Comtesse has not been recovered, and it is likely that it was broken up and its stones sold separately in the diamond market. External links BBC article with photograph of the Comtesse de Vendome Footnotes Individual necklaces

34185176

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver%20Petszokat

Oliver Petszokat

Oliver Alexander Reinhard Petszokat (born 10 August 1978), better known by his stage name Oli.P, is a German singer, actor and television presenter. Biography Petszokat, whose father Reinhard Petszokat was a policeman, began ballroom dancing at the age of ten. His biggest dance success was in 1995 as a participant in the winning team for the Youth Cup team of the Dance Sport Federation of North Rhine-Westphalia eV. In Germany, Petszokat became famous as pop singer Oli.P. On German broadcaster RTL, he played character Ricky Marquart in the television series Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten. In several television shows he worked as television presenter (Big Brother, ...). In 1999, Petszokat married German actress Tatiani Katrantzi. Together they have one child. In 2007, the couple separated. Awards 1998: Bravo Otto 1999: Bravo Otto 2000: Echo Discography (as Oli.P) Albums Studio albums 1998: Mein Tag 1999: o.ton 2001: P.ulsschlag 2002: Startzeit 2004: Freier Fall 2016: Wie früher 2019: Alles Gute! Compilation albums 2002: Lebenslauf – Gold & Platin 98-01 Singles 1997: "Liebe machen" 1998: "Flugzeuge im Bauch" 1998: "I Wish" 1999: "Der 7. Sinn" 1999: "So bist du (und wenn du gehst...)" 2000: "Niemals mehr" 2000: "Plötzlich stand sie da" 2001: "Girl You Know It's True" 2001: "When You Are Here" 2002: "Das erste Mal tat's noch weh" 2002: "Nothing's Gonna Change My Love for You" 2003: "Alles ändert sich (alles oder nichts)" 2003: "Neugeboren" 2004: "Engel" / "Unsterblich" 2016: "Wie früher" 2016: "Wohin gehst du" 2019: "Flugzeuge im Bauch (2K19)" 2019: "Lieb mich ein letztes Mal" 2019: "Hallo Schatz" Filmography TV series 1996–1997: Alle zusammen – jeder für sich (230 episodes) 1998–1999: Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten (480 episodes) 1999: Hinter Gittern – Der Frauenknast (4 episodes) 2002: Der kleine Mönch (7 episodes) 2004: Wie erziehe ich meine Eltern? (1 episode) 2004: Im Namen des Gesetzes (1 episode) 2005: Axel! will's wissen (1 episode) 2006–2007: Gott sei dank … dass Sie da sind! (6 episodes) 2010–2011: Hand aufs Herz (234 episodes) 2015: Die tierischen 10 (VOX) 2016: Rote Rosen (ARD) Films 2000: Wie angelt man sich seinen Chef? 2001: Girl 2003: Baltic Storm 2003: Motown 2005: Ein Hund, zwei Koffer und die ganz große Liebe 2007: Die ProSieben Märchenstunde: Dörnröschen – ab durch die Hecke 2008: Funny Movie – Dörtes Dancing References External links German television presenters 1978 births Living people German male film actors German male television actors 21st-century German male singers RTL Group people Mass media people from Berlin

51708164

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lineage%20selection

Lineage selection

Lineage selection occurs when the frequency of one biological lineage changes relative to another lineage. Lineage selection is a generalization of individual based natural selection; the stating that an allele is favored by natural selection is equivalent to stating that the lineage bearing the allele is favored by natural selection. For alleles with simple positive or negative fitness effects, lineage and individual based selection are equivalent. However, lineage selection can accommodate a wider array of evolutionary phenomena, such as the adaptive evolution of evolvability, altruism, and recombination. Additionally, lineage selection is useful in determining the effects of mutations in highly structured environments such as tumors. References Altruism

61652246

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%20North%20East%20Derbyshire%20District%20Council%20election

2019 North East Derbyshire District Council election

The 2019 North East Derbyshire District Council election took place on 2 May 2019 to elect members of North East Derbyshire District Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections. The whole council was up for election on new boundaries. The Conservatives gained control of the council from the Labour Party for the first time ever. Ward Results Ashover Barlow and Holmesfield Brampton and Walton Clay Cross North Clay Cross South Coal Aston Dronfield North Dronfield South Dronfield Woodhouse Eckington North Eckington South and Renishaw Gosforth Valley Grassmoor Holmewood and Heath Killamarsh East Killamarsh West North Wingfield Central Pilsley and Morton Ridgeway and Marsh Lane Shirland Sutton Tupton Unstone Wingerworth By-elections Barlow & Holmesfield Killamarsh East References 2019 English local elections 2019 2010s in Derbyshire May 2019 events in the United Kingdom

41818028

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth%20Anita%20Reddi

Elizabeth Anita Reddi

Elizabeth Anita Reddi is an Indian model and beauty queen. She was first Indian to win Miss Teenage Intercontinental Pageant. Career and Femina Miss India She participated in Femina Miss India twice, in 1977 when she was crowned Femina Teen Princess India 1977 and later in 1980 when she was crowned Femina Miss India World 1980. Femina Miss India 1977 She participated in Femina Miss India 1977 contest and was crowned Femina Teen Princess India 1977 and also won two sub-awards at the pageant including Miss Photogenic and Miss Beautiful Hair. She was chosen to represent India at Miss Teenage Continental 1978 held in Aruba that year. Miss Teenage Intercontinental 1978 She represented India at the annual Miss Teenage Intercontinental 1978 pageant took place at Aruba Concorde Hotel & Casino, Oranjestad, Aruba and was crowned the eventual winner at the pageant. She also won two sub awards including Miss Amity and Best in National Costume. Femina Miss India 1980 After completing her reign as Miss Teenage Intercontinental she returned to India and continued with modelling. She competed in Femina Miss India pageant once again and was crowned Femina Miss India World. Miss World 1980 She represented India at Miss World 1980 and was among the top 15 semifinalists. References Living people Female models from Andhra Pradesh Indian beauty pageant winners 1963 births Femina Miss India winners Miss World 1980 delegates

60062997

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes%20Banfi%20Hunyades

Johannes Banfi Hunyades

János Bánfihunyadi (; 1576 – 28 August 1646), better known by his Latinized name Johannes Banfi Hunyades or his pseudonym Hans Hungar, was a Hungarian alchemist, chemist and metallurgist. He emigrated to England in 1608 and built a reputation among the academic circles of England and Hungary, associating with such figures as the alchemist Arthur Dee, astrologer William Lilly, physician Jonathan Goddard and scientist Kenelm Digby. Born in Nagybánya, Hungary in 1576, Banfi Hunyades took an apprenticeship in goldsmithing in his hometown. Between 1606 and 1608 he took a journey through Europe, passing through Germany and arriving in England by 1608. Upon his arrival he became a successful goldsmith in London, visiting Hungary several times before settling in England upon his marriage to Dorothy Colton in 1619, to whom he had 4 children. Banfi Hunyades kept up his contacts with several eminent Hungarian figures and, in 1633, he was invited by the Prince of Transylvania to occupy a position at his planned academy. As of 1633, Banfi Hunyades took a position at Gresham College, lecturing and experimenting in chemistry with several eminent scientists at the college until as late as 1642. In 1646, before a planned trip with Arthur Dee to Hungary in search of antimony, Banfi Hunyades died on 28 August. Biography Banfi Hunyades was born in 1576 in Rivulus Dominarum (Nagybánya), then part of the Kingdom of Hungary, now known as Baia Mare, Romania. He was born to Hungarian Calvinist priest and superintendent for Tiszántúl, . Benedek had written a text on the Bubonic plague in 1577 (Az mirigyhalálról való rövid ker. értelem), suggesting a family interest in science. His family was possibly descended from the noble Hunyadi family, more specifically King of Hungary Matthias Corvinus, though such reports aren't corroborated by any independent genealogical source other than his son's grave. It is more likely Bánfihunyadi is a toponymic surname, based on Benedek's birthplace of Bánffyhunyad (present-day Huedin, Romania). Municipal records of Baia Mare indicate Banfi Hunyades owned and operated a vineyard and pressing house. He became an apprentice of goldsmithing in his birthplace, working under a coiner. As of 1606, Banfi Hunyades was in Kassa (today Košice in Slovakia), a popular destination for journeymen goldsmiths. He soon set of on a journey through Europe, possibly passing through Rudolf II's court in the Holy Roman Empire and the court of Maurice of Hesse-Kassel. Maurice of Hesse-Kassel's court was an epicenter of occult and alchemical activity in Europe at the time, with several English alchemists and natural philosophers visiting it. It is not definitely known that he passed through either country, but a later notebook reveals a method of transmutation which he attributes to 'a certain famous and generous Bohemian lord', alongside a reference to Edward Kelley, who worked in the court of Rudolf II. Banfi Hunyades was in Germany around 1608, where he bought a Károli Bible. Banfi Hunyades arrived to England in 1608, becoming a well off goldsmith in London, though he never joined the Goldsmith's Guild as he lived outside the City of London. In 1613, he sent a letter to his brother informing him of his position and wealth, promising to visit Nagybánya the next year and asking him to take care of his books and instruments left in Hungary. He clearly kept close links to Hungary, conversing and corresponding in Hungarian with Hungarians in London and in his home country. On 5 July 1617, he donated a lavishly bound German edition of the Hungarian Károli Bible to the Bodleian upon a visit to Oxford, as a parting gift for a trip to Hungary. George Gomori has suggested that Banfi Hunyades was at Oxford to meet with Thomas Allen, as William Lilly later received a manuscript of Allen's from Banfi Hunyades. In 1619, Banfi Hunyades married Dorothy Colton, daughter of Sir Francis Colton of Kent. Presumably this limited his travel to Hungary, but he continued to keep up his contacts by corresponding in Hungarian with several eminent Hungarian scholars, such as and Gábor Haller, with some even visiting him in London. Around this time it has been conjectured that Arthur Dee, son of John Dee, associated with Banfi Hunyades in a trip to Hungary in search of antimony, valued as an alchemical substance. This is evidenced by some suggestive passages in the manuscript of Arcana Arcanorum where Dee mentions sending a Hungarian friend to collect some "prima materia" (here referring to antimony), how he would not dare visit Hungary without this "faithful friend", alongside some lines echoing inscriptions on Banfi Hunyades' engraved portraits. Dee would later plan a trip to Hungary to collect antimony with Banfi Hunyades, though it fell through after Banfi Hunyades' death. In 1633, Prince of Transylvania George I Rákóczi saw Banfi Hunyades fit to occupy a professorship at his planned academy in Kolozsvár (present-day Cluj-Napoca, Romania), being that he had experience within the English academic system and knowledge in chemistry. There is no evidence he accepted this position and by 1633 he was in the employ of Gresham College. Around 1633, Banfi Hunyades became the assistant of natural philosopher Kenelm Digby at Gresham College, though this position was not an official post for either of them and they were not paid for their work. Digby constructed a lab beneath the house of the Gresham Professor of Divinity where the two conducted botanical experiments. There is circumstantial evidence Digby sent Banfi Hunyades out on expeditions to Hungary in search of antimony, as he had allegedly done before with Dee. Hunyades also gave lectures in chemistry, one of which is recorded by John Webster, who studied under Banfi Hunyades, in his Metallographia (1671). He also worked with Gresham Professor of Physic, Jonathan Goddard; an experiment recorded in a notebook of Goddard's has been speculated by C. H. Josten and F. Sherwood Taylor to constitute the first record of temperature measurement in distillation. Banfi Hunyades may have had a position at the college as late as 1642. He erroneously claimed to be a professor in a letter to Medgyesi, and has since been misidentified as a professor of the college, but there are no records of him as such, and his marriage and field disqualified him from professorship. Banfi Hunyades' alchemical work was mostly preoccupied with the properties of mercury, the secrets of which he thought would reveal the secret of transmutation. He saw mercury as the prima materia of alchemy. According to William Lilly, in his dedicatication to Banfi Hunyades in Anglicus, peace, or no peace (1645), the Latin phrase "Est in Mercurio quicquid quaerunt sapientes" was Banfi Hunyades' motto and the phrase is featured in all of his engraved portraits. An inscription on his portrait describes one such alchemical accomplishment of his, an experiment in which he destroyed gold and silver by way of mercury, reduced the resultant substance into mercury and precipitated the mercury into a red powder. He was clearly proud of the experiment, as it is inscribed on the frame of each of his engraved portraits – based on a Gowy portrait showing him holding the vessel he used to perform the experiment. This alchemical preoccupation has been criticized with the biographer Reverend James Granger describing him as "far gone in his philosophical fanaticism" and Martyn Rady suggests the red powder was probably only oxidized mercury. His characterization as a purely alchemical figure by writers such as Granger, who called him a "smoke-dried mercurialist", has been criticized by some Modern scholars. Schultheisz and Tardy claimed that, in his experiments, "the ingredients of the prescriptions, the chemical techniques applied, the methods of preparation all doubtlessly prove that Bánfihunyadi must have been a true chemist". In 1646, Arthur Dee, a lifelong devotee of the search for the philosopher's stone, made plans with Banfi Hunyades in London to meet in Amsterdam and travel to Hungary in search of antimony. Antimony was professed by several alchemists, notably Basil Valentine, as being a prima materia and the purest form was thought to be found in from Hungary. This followed several conjectured trips of Banfi Hunyades to Hungary in search of Antimony, though this is the only trip there exists hard evidence of. Dee and Banfi Hunyades were known to have associated before this point, with their experiments together weighing heavily on Dee's wealth. Banfi Hunyades died suddenly on 28 August 1646 at the age of 70 in Amsterdam, where he was to meet Dee, destroying his plans of returning to Hungary with Dee. Though not a wealthy man for most of his life, Banfi Hunyades died with a reasonably large fortune; as of September 1644, his son Johannes was made sole heir of his possessions, making quite a large sum of money as the manager of his estate. His place of burial is unknown. Banfi Hunyades and Dorothy had four children. Two of his children, Johannes (1621–1696) and Elizabeth (1620–1710), have large memorials in the crypt of St. Leonard's, Shoreditch. Johannes was educated in the Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood, beginning as the alchemist of Philip Herbert, 5th Earl of Pembroke, but ending as a rich usurer of poor reputation in London. His grave claims the, likely erroneous, descendance from the Hunyadi family. Historical investigation Johannes Banfi Hunyades never published anything during his lifetime, and his entire Nachlass consists of only a few inscriptions, letters and experimental notes surviving from his lifetime. The fact that, through the 20th-century, Anglophone and Hungarian scholars have been able to piece together the life of a relatively obscure Hungarian alchemist from contemporary comments, manuscript notes and municipal records has been described by Martyn Rady as "a comment on the extent of the archival and literary sources which survive [...] after almost three and a half centuries". There are five extant contemporary portraits of Banfi Hunyades. Four of these portraits are contemporary engravings based on a lost painting of Jacob Peter Gowy, three by Wenceslaus Hollar, all dated to 1644, and one by William Marshall, dated 1646. The engraved portraits show Banfi Hunyades bearded and elderly, holding the glass vessel which he utilized in his mercurial experiments. The engraved portraits are all enclosed within a frame of alchemical quotations and biographical inscriptions on Banfi Hunyades, revealing his preoccupation with alchemy, mathematics and mercury as well as his birthplace of Nagybánya. Beneath the frame of the engravings is the monas sign, as described by John Dee in his Monas Hieroglyphica and each engraving is flanked by scientific instruments and alchemical symbols. The Hollar engravings with compass and protractor on the left and retort, alembic and curcubit on the right; the Marshall engraving supported by figures of Sol, Luna and Mercury. These engravings were the first evidence used by Josten and Taylor in their original biographical investigation into Banfi Hunyades. The fifth extant portrait of Banfi Hunyades was discovered by Hungarian medical historian, , in 1929 during research for his historical work, Ungarische Medizinische Erinnerungen. The portrait, in the collection of Dr Geza Faludy as of 1929, is a small silver medallion struck in 1645. The portrait has similarities to the engraved portraits in its borders, populated with alchemical imagery, but on the whole the medallion is very different. The medallion shows Hunyades in profile with a full head of hair, beard and small medallion. He is crowned with Latin text giving his name and birthplace, alongside his age of 69 at the foot. Around 1977, Hungarian academic George Gomori, during a survey of Hungarian Bibles in Oxford, discovered a note about a (the second edition of the Vizsoly Bible) sold by the Bodleian Library to Christ Church Library around 1676. The beautifully bound 1608 German edition of the Bible was found to contain an inscription from none other than Banfi Hunyades himself. The inscription begins with the first gold lettered page, signed with a date of 1617 and the initials of Banfi Hunyades (H x I x NB for Hunyadinus Iohannes Nagybánya). The following page has a verse Latin poem, entitled Ad Antiquissimam et Celeberimam Academiam Oxoniensem, and a short Latin inscription giving some biographical information on Banfi Hunyades; describing himself as an "aurifaber" (i.e. a goldsmith and alchemist) and the son of "Benedick Banfi Huniadinus". The Hungarian inscription on the page after describes his giving of the book to "the Oxford Library, to be remembered forever" on 15 July 1617. This inscription gives the definite date for his arrival to England as 1608, describing how in 1617 he had "lived here in England for 9 years". In popular culture In 2016, Walter Übelhart (an author of Baia Mare) published În umbra lui Shakespeare: Un roman istoric din Transilvania (published in English as In Shakespeare's Shadow: A novel from Transylvania), a multilingual alternate history novel with Banfi Hunyades as the protagonist. The novel speculatively characterises Banfi Hunyades as a contemporary and friend of William Shakespeare, who offered Shakespeare advice but preferred to stay in the shadows of history. References Notes Citations Sources 1576 births 1646 deaths People from Baia Mare 16th-century alchemists 17th-century alchemists Hungarian alchemists 16th-century Hungarian people 17th-century Hungarian people Hungarian expatriates in England

44336289

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirt%2C%20Indiana

Wirt, Indiana

Wirt is an unincorporated community in Jefferson County, Indiana, in the United States. A post office was established at Wirt in 1834. The community was named for William Wirt, a pioneer. References Unincorporated communities in Jefferson County, Indiana Unincorporated communities in Indiana

39218734

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.A.C.K.

J.A.C.K.

J.A.C.K. is the third studio album by American pop punk band Forever the Sickest Kids. It is their first release through Fearless Records since their former label, Universal Motown, was shut down, which resulted in the regular Motown being a separate label that still operates as of 2019. It is also the first release not to feature keyboardist Kent Garrison and lead guitarist Marc Stewart. The album was produced by Mike Green and was released on June 25, 2013. With the departure of their past members and the label switch, the album reflects how the remaining members of the band came together and made positive changes when they were faced with negative challenges in their career and lives. Unlike their previous album, which featured numerous producers and co-writers outside of the band, the majority of the songs on J.A.C.K. were written solely by the members of the band. Mike Green was the main producer for the album, marking the first time the band had ever worked with only one producer for any of their releases. Lyrically, the album deals with relationships, growing up, self-examination, the importance and values of friendship, stereotypes of America, and staying true to oneself. Like all of their songs, the lyrics are based on the band members' personal lives and experiences. Background Only a few months after the release of their self-titled album, Forever the Sickest Kids lost their lead guitarist Marc Stewart due to his then-recent marriage and desire to go back and finish college. The band's keyboardist, Kent Garrison, had also departed from the band earlier in the year in order to also finish college. In an interview with Alternative Press, vocalist Jonathan Cook stated on their departure, "It's a situation that when we signed, we were all in college anyway. It was inevitable that some of the guys would eventually want to go back to college... So Kent and Marc told us that they wanted to go back to college and they gave us plenty of heads up. Kent texted me last night and Marc texted me last week. It was all on good terms." Along with losing Garrison and Stewart, the band's label Universal Motown Records was shut down in August 2011 due to the relaunch of Motown Records, which left the band unsigned. Cook admitted in an interview, "It wasn’t easy getting rid of band members and our label in one year. It wasn’t easy. I’m not going to lie and say there weren’t moments where we had to figure out whether or not we wanted to continue. But last year we decided that this all happened for a reason. And we’re stronger because of it." The band self-produced the music videos for their singles "I Guess You Can Say Things Are Getting Pretty Serious", "Summer Song", and "Shut the Front Door (Too Young for This)". During the majority of 2012, it was stated in multiple interviews that the band was offered to sign to numerous record labels. Finally, on September 10, 2012 it was announced that the band had signed to Fearless Records. Under the new label, the band released a cover song of "We Found Love" by Rihanna for the compilation album Punk Goes Pop 5. Several interviews surfaced revolving around a third studio album, with multiple of them stating how the album would be similar to the band's first album, Underdog Alma Mater, and return to its roots. In an interview with idobi Radio, Cook revealed that the album would be released on June 25, 2013 and one of the tracks was titled "Chin Up Kid". In another interview with Alternative Press, Cook revealed the titles of two more tracks called "My Friends Save Me" and "Nikki". On April 25, a preview of "Chin Up Kid" was released, along with the cover art, track listing, and title of the album, J.A.C.K. A lyric video of "Chin Up Kid" was released on YouTube on May 6, along with the digital download of the song being released the following day. On May 24, the track "Nice to Meet You" was posted on Billboard, with the digital download later being released on May 28. Pre-order bundles were also released on May 28, which included the album, T-shirts, shorts, autographed posters, stickers, a skateboard deck, wristbands, special made barbecue sauce, and the album on a 12″ transparent red vinyl record, which were limited to 1,000 copies. The first five hundred orders were shipped in a customized pizza box with the band drawn as cartoons on the cover. The band later streamed the entire album on their Facebook page on June 21. On June 24, one day before the album's release, the band posted lyric videos for each song from the album. Recording and production Mike Green, who has worked with bands such as Paramore and All Time Low, was the sole producer of J.A.C.K. This was the band's first time working with only one producer on any of their releases and staying in mainly one studio. Cook stated, "...there was a [part] of the album process where we did a couple co-writes in other studios, but a majority of those songs didn't get used." Vocalist and bassist Austin Bello stated that he, Cook, and drummer Kyle Burns all have their own home studios, with Cook later stating that "a good portion of the songs" were written at his home. Cook revealed that the track "Nikki" was co-written by Patrick Stump of Fall Out Boy, and Stump had expressed interest in singing on the track. However, the band later confirmed that Stump did not sing on the track. Another track, "My Friends Save Me", was revealed to be an acoustic song, having similarities to the band's previous tracks "Coffee Break" and "Forever Girl", from Underdog Alma Mater and Forever the Sickest Kids, respectively. Vocalist and rhythm guitarist Caleb Turman stated that he and Bello were the primary songwriters, saying, "We would come up with the song concepts, the core melodies and even a lot of the lyrics." Turman spoke of the track "Ritalin (Born in America)", revealing that it was written the night Stewart had departed from the band. He stated, "...We were just feeling very vulnerable as a band... We needed it. It was a venting song." Before the production of the album, Bello stated, "This is a really cool time for the four of us, because we are about to record, mix, produce and just do everything ourselves. This album is going to have our four opinions only in it. We're actually going to be recording it all and mixing it ourselves with our sounds. It's the most freeing feeling that we've ever had." Cook later commented, "This will be something that if it goes the way we planned, our fans will say that this is the best album we've ever put out. We feel like it's the best record we've ever made." A total of forty-six songs were written during production, with Cook claiming that the album would consist of twelve songs. However, only eleven were revealed in the track listing. When the album was listed on Amazon, it was revealed that a twelfth track, "Over the Moon", would be included as a bonus track. Another bonus track, "Rebel", was revealed when the album was listed on iTunes. A hidden track was also included on each physical copy of the album. The track is in the pregap and is a short introduction to "Chin Up Kid". Singles "Chin Up Kid" was released as the album's lead single on May 7, 2013. A lyric video was originally posted on YouTube by Fearless Records on May 6, with the song being officially released as a digital download and available for purchase on iTunes the following day. The music video premiered on August 15 on fuse and consists of live footage of the band performing on Warped Tour 2013. "Nice to Meet You" was released as the album's second single on May 28. Billboard originally posted a lyric video of the song on May 24, which was later posted on YouTube by Fearless Records on May 27. The music video premiered on December 16 on Vevo. "Nikki" was advertised as the album's third single from the band's website and Twitter account, despite never being officially released as a single. The song received a music video, which premiered on September 24 on Vevo. Other songs "Playing With Fire" and "Cross My Heart" were both featured in episodes of the ABC Family series The Vineyard. "Ritalin (Born in America)" was featured in an episode of the MTV series The Challenge. Title and artwork The title of the album, J.A.C.K., was thought of by Cook and is an acronym of the four band members' first names: Jonathan, Austin, Caleb, Kyle. While the band was being interviewed, it was offered that the title should be named J.A.C.K., which compelled the band to reveal that the name had previously been suggested by Cook two days earlier. As with the band's previous albums, the album cover, artwork, and packaging were all drawn and designed by Burns. He was inspired by the covers of the video game series Grand Theft Auto and had the intention to make the band look like comic book action heroes. Burns originally photographed the band and added his own designs with Photoshop. The woman featured on the back cover of the album was originally an image of Cook, but was changed after Burns added different effects to it. Reception J.A.C.K. received generally positive reviews. AbsolutePunk praised the album, saying it is "really solid as a whole" and a "very enjoyable listen." Catherine Yi of idobi commended a few tracks, but felt that the album is "unclear about the message it wants to convey" and that it is incomparable to the band's past material. Tim Sendra from AllMusic skewered the lyrics and said the album was overwhelmed with "lightweight pop tunes". Hit the Floor Magazine said the album was a "good release" and that the band "[has] definitely grown and matured", but concluded that "the group [seems] a bit too comfortable with their sound..." Track listing All music composed by Jonathan Cook, Austin Bello, Caleb Turman, and Kyle Burns. All songs produced by Mike Green. All vocals by Cook, Bello, and Turman, except where noted. Bonus tracks Notes A brief introduction track, included as a hidden track, is available on physical copies of the album and can be heard if manually rewound past the beginning of "Chin Up Kid". "Ritalin (Born in America)" contains a brief interpolation of "Keep Calm and Don't Let Me Go" in the outro. Personnel Forever the Sickest Kids Jonathan Cook – vocals Austin Bello – bass guitar, vocals Caleb Turman – guitar, vocals Kyle Burns – drums, percussion Additional musicians Lori Bizor – vocals on "Count On Me (For Nothing)" Leonnus Franklin – vocals on "Count On Me (For Nothing)" Production and artwork Mike Green – producer, mixer Brad Blackwood – mastering engineer at Euphonic Masters Chris Foitle – A&R Jenny Reader – manager Tommy Kwan – manager Robi Minies – manager Mike Marquis – booking agent at Paradigm Talent Agency Micha Breedlove – additional engineer on "Count On Me (For Nothing)" at Wavelight Studios Album art and packaging by Kyle Burns Release history References 2013 albums Forever the Sickest Kids albums Fearless Records albums

18514396

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire%20Orlyk

Grégoire Orlyk

Grégoire Orlyk, also Hryhor Orlyk (, November 5, 1702, Baturyn – November 14, 1759, Minden), was a French military commander, special envoy and member of Louis XV's secret intelligence service. Grégoire Orlyk was born in Ukraine, the son of Ukrainian hetman in exile Pylyp Orlyk and Hanna Hertsyk. He received a good education in Sweden, served in Poland and Saxony, and participated in the secret efforts of France to restore Stanisław Leszczyński to the Polish throne. He later commanded the king's regiment of Royal suedois. For his intelligence work and military exploits he was given the title of comte and promoted to the general's rank of Maréchal de camp. Grégoire Orlyk was an acquaintance of the French philosopher Voltaire, and championed the Ukrainian cause in France and other countries. Background Hryhor Orlyk was born on November 5, 1702, in Baturyn, the capital of Cossack Hetmanate in the family of Cossacks' General scribe Pylyp Orlyk. The family was very well connected with the then hetman Ivan Mazepa, who became Hryhor's godfather. After Mazepa's defeat at Poltava in 1709 him and his allies, including the family of Pylyp Orlyk fled Ukraine for the Ottoman territory – Bendery, (present day Moldova), where Orlyk and his family together with other Ukrainian émigrés and the defeated Swedish king Charles XII had lived for five years. Upon Mazepa's death, Pylyp Orlyk was proclaimed the hetman of Ukraine in exile and by agreement between Tsardom of Russia and the Ottoman Empire in 1714 Charles XII and his allies were allowed safe passage to Sweden. In Sweden the young Orlyk was signed up in the Swedish royal guard until in 1716 he began his studies at the Lund University. There he spent two years and received good education: studied music (and became a proficient lute player), philosophy and metaphysics, became fluent in Latin and several other European languages. After two more years in king's service in 1720 his father moved to Germany and took his son with him. There with the help of his father in 1721 he received a lieutenant's post in the cavalry guard of Saxony. His service there didn't last long, as in 1726 Russia demanded from Saxony his extradition and the young officer moved first to Austria and then to Poland, where he became an adjutant of the crown hetman. Eventually Orlyk allied himself with the pro-French party within the court that was trying to restore on the Polish throne Stanisław Leszczyński. Orlyk acted as a secret liaison between Joseph Poniatowski and the French ambassador in Warsaw. In French secret service In 1729 Orlyk was entrusted with the mission to bring upon the death of king August II the exiled former king Stanisław Leszczyński from France to Poland. For this mission he was issued false travel documents and disguised as a Swedish officer Gustav Bartel went to Paris. In Fontainebleau he met Leszczyński and got a promise from him to restore his father Pylyp Orlyk as a hetman of Ukraine in exchange for his services. In Paris he also met Cardinal Flery, the first minister of Louis XV and discussed with him the prospects of Stanisław Leszczyński's restoration in Poland. In 1730 he entered into French diplomatic service and was sent on a secret mission to Istanbul to set up an anti-Russian coalition with the Turks and the Crimean Tatars. Two years later he was dispatched again to Istanbul and from there to the Crimean khan Qaplan I Giray, where he urged Tatars to attack Russia and help him in his cause. After the death of Polish King August August II in 1733 as per his agreement with the French we brought from Paris to Warsaw Stanisław Leszczyński and a million florins necessary to secure Leszczyński's election with the bribes. On his return to Paris Louis XV rewarded him with a diamond ring and the queen, the daughter of Stanisław Leszczyński gave him her portrait adorned with precious stones. However, in less than 3 years Leszczyński lost the throne of Poland and had to flee to Königsberg, from where Grégoire Orlyk, as he became known, brought him back to France. In 1734 and 1735 he made further trips to Turkey and to Crimea and in 1737 to Sweden fostering the anti-Russian alliance, which in spite of his efforts did not materialize. Louis XV contemplated appointing him French ambassador to Turkey, but under pressure from St. Petersburg he changed his mind. In 1740s Grégoire Orlyk offered to the king an ambitious plan of resettling Ukrainian Cossacks to the Rhine region under French protection, but with Turkey's objections it was dropped too. Later on Orlyk belonged to the special intelligence service of Luis XV – Secret du Roi and went on clandestine missions to many European countries, for which he received numerous praise, including highest decorations from France, Poland and Sweden. Military leader In 1747 through marriage Grégoire Orlyk acquired substantial wealth and bought a colonel's commission in the king's regiment Royal suedois. He fought in the Seven Years' War in Europe, distinguished himself in the battle of Rosbach and the siege of Charleroi. For his exploits in the battle he was given the title of a comte and was promoted to the junior general's rank of Maréchal de camp. In 1759 he commanded an army corps under the marshal of France comte de Broglie and was further promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general. On November 14, 1759, at the battle near German town of Minden he was fatally wounded in the chest and died on the same day. Legacy Upon the death of his father Pylyp Orlyk, Grégoire Orlyk became the unofficial leader of Ukrainian emigrees in Europe. While in France, he met several times with Voltaire and advised Voltaire on his work History of Charles XII, King of Sweden (1731). The first biography of Grégoire Orlyk was by the historian Elie Borschak, who published Hryhor Orlyk, France's Cossack General in 1956. This biography contained many interesting and new discoveries about Orlyk. However, this book made the erroneous claim that the Orly commune near Paris was named after Grégoire Orlyk, who had his estate in the area. This is false as the name was in use in Roman times. In 2006 voluminous records of Orlyk's clandestine correspondence with Louis XV within the Secret du Roi were discovered in the French archives and are being studied. Literature Iryna Dmytrychyn. Grégoire Orlyk – Un Cosaque ukrainien au service de Louis XV. L'Harmattan, Paris. Orest Subtelny. Ukraine. A history. University of Toronto press. 1994. . Borschak Е. Hryhor Orlyk, France's Cossack General, Toronto, 1956 References French people of Ukrainian descent French people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent 18th-century French military personnel 18th-century Ukrainian people Gregoire 1702 births 1759 deaths People from Baturyn People of the Cossack Hetmanate Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)

5134920

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20W.%20Bennett%20%28territorial%20governor%29

Thomas W. Bennett (territorial governor)

Thomas Warren Bennett (February 16, 1831 in Union County, Indiana – February 2, 1893) was governor of Idaho Territory from 1871 to 1875. He also served as a Congressional delegate from the territory from March 4, 1875 to June 23, 1876. He also served in the Indiana State Senate. Biography Bennett was born in Union County, Indiana. He left his father's farm in 1850 to attend Indiana Asbury University (now DePauw University) where he received his law degree in 1855. Career Bennett returned to Liberty and practiced there until the Civil War. He raised a company of volunteers and was commissioned captain, and attained the rank of colonel and was brevetted brigadier general. A year after his move to Richmond, Indiana, he was elected mayor and served for two years. Bennett, a Civil War veteran and local politician in his native Indiana, was the fifth choice of President Ulysses S. Grant to succeed David W. Ballard as Idaho Territory governor. Grant's first two nominees accepted the appointment, but then each quickly decided to instead accept other government appointments before they ever travelled to Idaho. A third choice declined the offer entirely, while the fourth, Thomas M. Bowen, disliked the Idaho landscape so intensely that he resigned from the governorship and returned east after only one week in office. As a result, fifth choice Bennett took office several months after Ballard's term expired; all told, the territory had been effectively without a governor for an entire year when Bennett accepted the position. He was Governor of Idaho Territory from 1871 to 1875. In 1874 Bennett was declared the winner of the election for Congressional delegate from Idaho Territory. Bennett served until June 1876 when a recount determined his opponent in the 1874 election, Stephen S. Fenn, was the actual winner. Upon leaving office Bennett returned to Indiana. Death Bennett died on February 2, 1893 in Richmond, Wayne County, Indiana. He is interred at Earlham Cemetery, Richmond. References External links Bio Morrisson-Reeves Library Richmond and Wayne County Biographies The Political Graveyard 1831 births 1893 deaths People from Richmond, Indiana People from Union County, Indiana Mayors of places in Indiana Indiana state senators Delegates to the United States House of Representatives from Idaho Territory Governors of Idaho Territory Burials at Earlham Cemetery, Richmond, Indiana People of Indiana in the American Civil War Union Army generals Indiana Republicans Idaho Republicans Idaho Independents 19th-century American politicians

30297285

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TSS%20Rathmore%20%281908%29

TSS Rathmore (1908)

TSS Rathmore was a twin screw steamer passenger vessel operated by the London and North Western Railway from 1908 to 1923, and the London, Midland and Scottish Railway from 1923 to 1927. History She was built by Vickers, Sons & Maxim Ltd of Barrow-in-Furness for the London and North Western Railway in 1908. She was trialled at sea on 16 July, and completed the distance between the Skerries and Great Orme's Head at the speed of 21 knots. She entered service on 24 July 1908. She was larger both in length and breadth than the other ships on the Holyhead to Greenore service. Fifty state-rooms were provided enabling one hundred passengers to enjoy private cabins. The total number of passengers for which the ship was certified was 1,366. A spacious ladies’ deck lounge was provided on the bridge deck, upholstered in peacock blue frieze velvet, with panelling in white enamel, and a stained-glass dome as the main decorative feature. The gentlemen were provided with a smoking room on the bridge deck, panelled in Austrian oak, upholstered in green Morocco leather, with a high dome skylight with stained glass. The ship was fitted with electricity for heating and lighting. On 4 March 1918, she was sunk in a collision and 26 people went missing, but was successfully raised and continued in service. She was sold in 1927 to Angleterre-Lorraine-Alsace for the Tilbury to Dunkirk service, and was scrapped in 1932. References 1908 ships Passenger ships of the United Kingdom Steamships Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness Ships of the London and North Western Railway

69483024

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornado%20outbreak%20of%20December%2010%E2%80%9311%2C%202021

Tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021

A deadly late-season tornado outbreak, the deadliest on record in December, produced catastrophic damage and numerous fatalities across portions of the Southern United States and Ohio Valley from the evening of December 10 to the early morning of December 11, 2021. The event developed as a trough progressed eastward across the United States, interacting with an unseasonably moist and unstable environment across the Mississippi Valley. Tornado activity began in northeastern Arkansas, before progressing into Missouri, Illinois, Tennessee, and Kentucky. The most prolific activity was caused by a long-track supercell thunderstorm that produced a family of strong tornadoes that traveled across four Mid-South states. The first of these nocturnal tornadoes, rated low-end EF4, touched down in northeastern Arkansas, near Jonesboro and tracked through the Missouri Bootheel, causing major damage in and near towns such as Monette and Leachville, Arkansas, and Hayti. After crossing the Mississippi River into northwestern West Tennessee, that tornado dissipated, and a high-end EF4 tornado formed and moved through Western Kentucky, where the towns of Cayce, Mayfield, Benton, Princeton, Dawson Springs, and Bremen suffered severe to catastrophic damage. Early estimates suggested that the tornado family—identified by some media outlets as the "Quad-State tornado," due to the storm's similar characteristics to the Tri-State tornado that occurred 96 years prior—may have cut a path of up to across the affected areas. If it had been a single tornado, it would have surpassed the March 18, 1925, tornado event (which carved a path across Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana) in terms of path length. However, storm surveys found that the path was predominantly composed of two distinct EF4 tornadoes, with the portion of the path between them over northwestern Obion County, Tennessee being from three separate, weak tornadoes. The parent supercell that produced the two EF4 tornadoes later became known as the "Quad-State supercell". Other tornadic thunderstorms affected portions of eastern Missouri, southern Illinois, West and Middle Tennessee, and Western and central Kentucky during the late evening into the overnight hours of December 11, including four intense tornadoes that hit Bowling Green, Kentucky; Dresden, Tennessee; Edwardsville, Illinois; and Defiance, Missouri. This included a second supercell and tornado family, which produced an EF3 tornado tracking nearly in Tennessee and southern Kentucky, as well as numerous tornadoes, including three more rated EF3, throughout southern and central Kentucky. The death toll from the outbreak was 88 (with three additional non-tornadic fatalities), surpassing the Vicksburg, Mississippi tornado of December 5, 1953, which caused 38 fatalities, as the deadliest December tornado event ever recorded in the United States. In Kentucky alone, at least 74 people were killed. At least 634 people were injured, with the total number of injuries from the long-track EF4 tornadoes and the Edwardsville EF3 tornado currently unknown. The tornado outbreak caused at least $3.9 billion (2022 USD) in damages. The outbreak set a new record for confirmed tornadoes in the month of December, with 71, a record that only stood until December 15, when a larger outbreak produced 118 tornadoes across the Midwest. Meteorological synopsis On December 8, the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) delineated a slight risk of severe weather along much of the Mississippi Valley. Despite the potential for a higher-end severe threat to materialize, forecasters expressed uncertainty regarding the extent of instability, degree of directional wind shear, and late timing of potential storms. The following day, the SPC discussed higher certainty in a corridor of organized severe thunderstorm potential stretching from southeastern Arkansas northeast into southern Indiana, upgrading that region to an enhanced risk. As an intense upper-level trough progressed across the High Plains, with robust instability and moisture return realized across the Mississippi Valley, the SPC expanded the enhanced risk and introduced a moderate risk area from northeastern Arkansas into southern Illinois on the morning of December 10. Forecasters indicated that atmospheric conditions favored the development of nocturnal supercells capable of producing long-tracked, strong tornadoes. At 3:00 p.m. CST (21:00 UTC), the SPC issued a tornado watch across the highest risk area (encompassing central and eastern Arkansas, west Tennessee, northwestern Mississippi, southeastern Missouri, and southern portions of Illinois and Indiana), the first of eleven issued over subsequent hours over the middle Mississippi Valley. Initial storms developed across central Arkansas around 2:00 p.m. CST (20:00 UTC), with even weaker activity developing over central Missouri a little over hours later; additional clusters of thunderstorms developed over southwestern Missouri (forming between Bolivar and Carthage, eventually backbuilding into northeastern Oklahoma) and central Arkansas (forming southwest of Hot Springs) between 5:00 and 5:30 p.m. CST (23:00–23:30 UTC). Though this activity lacked much vigor at its onset due to a strong capping inversion, the convective cells began to show organization as they progressed eastward. One such storm—which formed from the initial mid-afternoon activity near Arkadelphia, Arkansas—matured into a long-lived supercell as it progressed in an unstable, deeply moist, and highly sheared environment; this cell ultimately persisted for over several hours from eastern Arkansas into Kentucky, producing multiple large and intense tornadoes along its track. The cell began exhibiting surface-based rotation southwest of Searcy, Arkansas around 5:30 p.m. CST (23:30 UTC). At 5:51 p.m. CST, the National Weather Service office in North Little Rock issued the first tornado warning associated with the storm for portions of Jackson, Lawrence, White, and Woodruff counties. One of the first tornadoes associated with the storm, an EF0, touched down in western Poinsett County (near Weiner) around 6:40 p.m. CST; about fifteen minutes later, storm spotters reported a large tornado near Greenfield, prompting a PDS tornado warning for portions of Poinsett, Craighead and Mississippi counties (including areas to the south of Jonesboro). Doppler radar analysis estimated that the supercell maintained a nearly continuous high-end rotational vorticity signature, averaging at for approximately four hours and 20 minutes, among a rarity of thunderstorms (averaging 1.5% of all supercells) that produce mesocyclonic vorticity exceeding such speeds. (The only velocities below said average recorded along the storm track, sustained between , were observed from 8:44 to 9:01 p.m. CST [02:44–3:01 UTC], as the storm crossed from Obion County, Tennessee into Hickman County, Kentucky). This time frame coincides with the start of the main tornado, following three weak tornadoes that split the two EF4's paths, implying the supercell underwent a mesocyclone re-strengthening phase during this period. During the second, more intense tornado, peak gate-to-gate velocities of were recorded at 9:58 p.m. CST (04:58 UTC) over northeastern Marshall County, Kentucky. Elsewhere, multiple lines of intense storms, some featuring embedded supercells, developed across the Mississippi Valley region through the overnight hours, contributing to additional strong and long-lived tornadoes. By the pre-dawn hours of December 11, a decrease in instability led to a gradual weakening of a line of thunderstorms stretching along the associated cold front from eastern Kentucky southward into central Alabama. The SPC issued a record-setting 43 mesoscale discussions (MCD) throughout the course of the day (12 UTC December 10 to 12 UTC December 11), all of which were associated with the broader storm system: 38 of the MCDs issued were convective discussions relating to the severe thunderstorm activity, and five were non-convective discussions relating to heavy snow associated with the system that concurrently fell throughout much of the Upper Midwest. The National Weather Service (NWS) issued a total of 149 tornado warnings throughout the night across portions of nine states including Arkansas, Tennessee, Missouri, Mississippi, Kentucky, Illinois, and Indiana. Multiple PDS tornado warnings and tornado emergencies were also issued as well in Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Missouri. Eight of the tornado warnings issued during the event by the NWS offices in Memphis, Tennessee, and Paducah, Kentucky were tornado emergency declarations, the most issued during the month of December (breaking the previous record of three issued on December 23, 2015). Effects from the system responsible for the outbreak extended into Canada, where the Meteorological Service of Canada issued wind and heavy rainfall warnings for portions of Ontario. However, no tornadoes were expected or reported north of the border. Confirmed tornadoes December 10 event December 11 event Monette, Arkansas – Braggadocio, Missouri – Reelfoot Lake/Samburg, Tennessee This violent, long-tracked, and deadly EF4 wedge tornado was the first of five spawned by the Quad-State supercell, and the first violent tornado of the storm. It first touched down in Craighead County, Arkansas, just north of Bay, at 7:07 p.m. CST (01:07 UTC) on the evening of December 10, initially causing minor EF0 tree and outbuilding damage. As it moved through the south side of Bowman, it caused EF0 to EF1 damage as roofs were damaged, power poles and tree limbs were downed, and a radio antennae at a residence was bent. The tornado quickly intensified to EF2 strength as it crossed AR 18 and passed northwest of Lake City, downing trees and damaging or destroying some metal outbuildings. A house also sustained minor damage in this area. It grew to a width of as it crossed County Road 505 and tracked to the northeast, snapping power poles and unroofing a house along County Road 10. Another house sustained major roof damage in this area, an irrigation pivot sprinkler was overturned, and a silo was damaged. The tornado reached EF3 strength as it moved through the western and northern fringes of Monette at 7:23 p.m. CST (01:23 UTC), resulting in significant damage. Two industrial buildings were destroyed at the west edge of town, and many trees and power poles were snapped. The Monette Manor nursing home was struck by the tornado, killing one person and trapping 20 other residents and employees. The building sustained major structural damage, losing much of its roof and sustaining collapse of some masonry exterior walls. Multiple homes and mobile homes were damaged or destroyed in a neighborhood near the nursing home, and several large grain silos were torn apart. In addition to the fatality, five people were reported seriously injured in Monette. State Highways 135 and 139 were also shut down near the town due to downed power lines on the roadways. The tornado continued at EF3 intensity as it crossed into northwestern Mississippi County, striking Leachville at 7:30 p.m. CST (01:30 UTC). There, it completely destroyed a local Dollar General store, killing the store's assistant manager. A few metal-framed warehouse buildings were badly damaged or destroyed nearby, cars and semi-trailers were tossed, and multiple homes and mobile homes were damaged or destroyed in town. Extensive tree damage also occurred, and businesses in downtown Leachville had roofing blown off. The tornado grew larger as it passed near the rural community of Buckeye, and very intense tree damage was noted along West County Road 38. An entire row of large trees were completely debarked and denuded at this location, and an EF3 rating was applied. Power poles were snapped and an outbuilding was also destroyed by the tornado in this area. As it crossed the state line into Dunklin County in the Missouri Bootheel at 7:40 p.m. CST (01:40 UTC), high-end EF2 damage occurred as multiple outbuildings, mobile homes, and houses were damaged or destroyed, and many power poles and trees were snapped, with some low-end debarking noted. It continued south of Hornersville and over the Hornersville Swamp Conservation Area, briefly weakening to EF1 intensity. Trees and power poles were damaged in this area, and a mobile home also sustained minor damage. Farther to the northeast, the damage became more severe again as multiple metal truss transmission towers were twisted or collapsed near County Road 722, and damage in this area was rated EF3. A house along the periphery of the circulation sustained minor damage, and some power poles were pushed over as well. High-end EF2 damage occurred as the tornado then crossed into Pemiscot County west of Steele. Trees were snapped and denuded, power poles were downed, a couple of homes were heavily damaged, and a pickup truck was tossed along this segment of the path. The tornado became weak again as it passed just south of Braggadocio at EF1 intensity, damaging or destroying some barns and outbuildings, and inflicting roof damage to homes. However, the tornado abruptly became violent as it moved through the intersection of State Highway J and County Highway 407 to the east of town, causing EF4 damage as two homes were swept from their foundations and scattered across fields. A nine-year-old girl was killed, and her parents and two younger sisters were injured in the destruction of one of the homes. As it crossed Interstate 55 just south of Hayti, the large wedge tornado weakened back to EF2 strength and blew multiple semi-trailer trucks off the highway into a field, injuring the drivers. In addition to the fatality, at least nine people overall were injured in the county. East of Hayti, the tornado caused additional EF2 power pole damage and then crossed the Mississippi River into Lake County, Tennessee around 8:20 p.m. CST (02:20 UTC). It briefly crossed a bend in the river back into Missouri before crossing into Lake County again. Moving through central Lake County, the tornado narrowly missed the small community of Wynnburg, producing EF3 damage in rural areas outside of town, where numerous large trees were snapped and denuded, some of which sustained debarking. Some metal high-tension power poles were bent to the ground as well. The tornado reached peak intensity a second time near Tiptonville as it moved across the southern shore of Reelfoot Lake, striking the Cypress Point Resort and resulting in three fatalities. A bait and tackle shop sustained EF4 damage as it was swept clean from its foundation, with only a bare concrete slab remaining. Multiple cottages, houses, and cabins were also destroyed, while a couple of two-story hotel buildings sustained total destruction of their top floors, and collapse of many walls on their first floors, with damage to those structures rated EF3. A gift shop and a restaurant also sustained severe damage, large amounts of debris was scattered throughout the area, and several people sustained serious injuries at the resort. The tornado crossed the southeastern part of the lake, before moving ashore again as it entered Obion County, causing high-end EF2 damage as it damaged or destroyed cabins, outbuildings, and houses along Lake Drive. Continuing at high-end EF2 strength, the tornado narrowed as it impacted the small town of Samburg, resulting in major damage along Highway 22. Houses in town had roofs and exterior walls ripped off, RV campers were tossed, and mobile homes were destroyed. The city hall building, post office, a gas station, and several other buildings were damaged or destroyed as well. One person was killed in town, and others were injured. Northeast of town, the tornado began to weaken, with the roof being blown off a farm building along Old Samburg Road. Trees and tree limbs were also downed, and damage was rated EF1 in this area. It continued northeastward along the road, causing EF0 tree limb damage until it dissipated approximately northeast of Samburg at 8:36 p.m. CST (02:36 UTC). The tornado was rated as a low-end EF4 with winds estimated at , reaching a peak width of along a path through portions of three states, remaining on the ground for 89 minutes. Seven fatalities occurred, along with many injuries, some of which were serious. After the tornado dissipated, the parent supercell entered a cycling phase, producing three brief tornadoes, one EF1 and two EF0s, in Obion County northeast of Samburg and west of Union City. As the storm passed to the northwest of Union City, it produced a stronger, longer-tracked tornado near Woodland Mills. Edwardsville, Illinois A tornado touched down northeast of Pontoon Beach in Madison County, Illinois, on the northwest side of the intersection of Interstates 255 and 270, at 8:28 p.m. CST (02:28 UTC) on the evening of December 10. The tornado was initially weak, with damage at the beginning of the path being limited to downed highway signs, a bent light pole, and some orange construction barrels that were tossed around. Damage in this area was rated EF0 to EF1. Rapidly strengthening and growing to a width of , the tornado reached EF3 strength as it tracked northeast towards Edwardsville. It struck an Amazon warehouse along Chain Of Rocks Road, where night workers were beginning their shifts and several employees were attending a Christmas party being held as the tornado approached the facility. Six people were killed when the roof was lifted off the building, and the west-facing walls of the structure collapsed inward, causing a progressive structural failure that resulted in total destruction of most of warehouse. Employees were told to shelter in bathrooms. Between 50 and 100 people were trapped in the collapsed remnants of the warehouse, and about 30 survivors were brought to the Pontoon Beach police station in a bus after being extracted from the rubble. One person was air-flown via helicopter to a hospital. Debris from the structure was strewn downwind, cars were thrown from the parking lot, and multiple power poles and metal truss transmission towers were downed nearby. The tornado weakened to high-end EF1 intensity as it crossed Sand Road, snapping trees and completely destroying some outbuildings and an unanchored mobile home. As it entered the southwest side of Edwardsville, the tornado moved through the Sunset Hills Golf and Country Club, causing EF1 damage as trees and power lines were downed, homes sustained roof damage, and sheds were damaged or destroyed. EF0 damage occurred in neighborhoods just beyond this point, with minor tree and roof damage noted. The tornado dissipated near the corner of Doral Court and Butler Boulevard at 8:32 p.m. CST (08:32 UTC) after being on the ground for . In addition to the six fatalities, several other people were injured. Mayfield–Princeton–Dawson Springs–Bremen, Kentucky After the first long-tracked EF4 tornado dissipated over western Obion County, Tennessee, the associated supercell underwent a brief mesocyclone cycling phase and spawned a new long-track tornado in northern Obion County near Woodland Mills at 8:49 p.m. CST (02:49 UTC). The tornado crossed into Kentucky near the community of State Line and rapidly intensified to EF4 strength as it struck Cayce at about 9:00 p.m. CST (03:00 UTC), where major damage occurred to homes, businesses, a school building, and the town's fire station. A few buildings were leveled or swept away. One person was killed in the town, and others were injured. It then moved northeast through rural areas in Fulton and Hickman counties, causing deep scouring of the ground in open fields. Homes and outbuildings were damaged or destroyed, a cell tower was toppled to the ground, and damage in these areas was rated EF2 to EF3. Closely paralleling Interstate 69 and U.S. 45 into Graves County, the tornado moved directly toward Mayfield, entering the southwestern portion of the city at 9:25 p.m. CST as it reached EF4 intensity. One minute later, at 9:26 p.m. CST, the National Weather Service office in Paducah issued a tornado emergency for Mayfield. Radar analysis indicated that the tornado had lofted debris up to into the tornado struck the town. Catastrophic damage occurred as the violent tornado tore directly through the Mayfield Downtown Commercial District at high-end EF4 intensity, where numerous large, well-built brick buildings were destroyed, many of which completely collapsed with only piles of rubble remaining. Three large churches were destroyed, and the Graves County Courthouse lost much of its roof, had its clock tower torn off, and had some of its exterior upper-floor walls knocked down. The fire station, city hall, and police station in the city were also destroyed, and the water tower was blown over and smashed to pieces. Entire neighborhoods were destroyed, with numerous homes being leveled or swept from their foundations, and cars were thrown and mangled. Hundreds of large trees were snapped, denuded, and debarked throughout Mayfield, numerous power lines were downed, and the town's emergency operations center lost the ability to transmit radio communications. About 110 people were left trapped at the Mayfield Consumer Products candle factory when the tornado hit the facility, completely flattening the building to the ground and tossing industrial vehicles. A total of 8 employees were killed, and several others were injured. Allegedly, workers' jobs were threatened if they left the factory between the first and second tornado warnings for the area, and then again after the second tornado warning sounded. The deaths of the workers at the candle factory prompted the launch of an investigation into the facility's protocols by state authorities. Kentucky Governor Andy Beshear stated that over 50 people died in the city during a live phone interview with Louisville CBS affiliate WLKY on December 11. However, it was later determined that a total of 22 people were killed in Mayfield, and many others were injured. The tornado's projected path towards several towns prompted the National Weather Service's Paducah office to issue additional tornado emergencies over the next two hours as the tornado tracked to the northeast, devastating multiple small towns and communities. Continuing northeast along I-69 into Marshall County, it continued to produce major damage as it struck the northwestern and northern outskirts of Benton around 9:45 p.m., damaging and destroying numerous homes and outbuildings at EF2 to EF3 strength, and downing countless trees and power poles. Continuing to the northeast, EF4 damage occurred in the lakeshore community of Cambridge Shores at 9:56 p.m. Dozens of large lakeside homes were leveled or swept away, and hundreds of trees were mowed down and debarked. After passing over Lake Barkley and destroying more homes in that area, the tornado moved into Caldwell County through the south edge of Princeton, producing EF4 damage. Many houses were completely leveled at the Princeton Golf and Country Club Subdivision, the University of Kentucky Research Center was destroyed, and four fatalities occurred in the Princeton area. EF4 damage continued as it moved into Dawson Springs around 10:30 p.m. CST. The small town was devastated by the tornado, and residential sections of town were the hardest-hit, as entire blocks of homes were flattened and reduced to rubble. An American Legion post was leveled, an apartment complex was destroyed, vehicles were thrown and piled on top of each other, and multiple large industrial warehouses were completely destroyed as the tornado exited town. At total of 14 people died from the tornado in Dawson Springs, including a two-month-old baby who was taken off life support two days after the tornado hit. A photograph taken in 1942 was lofted from a destroyed house in Dawson Springs and transported for almost by the intense tornadic updrafts, eventually being found in New Albany, Indiana. In the small community of Barnsley, just south of Earlington, the tornado derailed a CSX freight train, knocking over 25 of the train's freight cars, some of which were thrown from the tracks. One freight car was tossed into a house, and many other homes were completely destroyed in and around Barnsley, and damage was rated high-end EF3. The tornado then intensified dramatically as it struck Bremen, where multiple homes were obliterated and swept away at high-end EF4 strength in the northern part of town. Large trees were completely stripped of their limbs and debarked, grass was scoured from the ground, and cars were lofted through the air and severely mangled in this area. A total of 11 people were killed in and around Bremen, with victims ranging between the ages of 5 months and 75 years. Among the fatalities was District Judge Brian Crick, who represented Muhlenberg and McLean counties, as confirmed in a statement from the Supreme Court of Kentucky on December 11. Multiple residents suffered injuries that required medical attention. Crossing into Ohio County, the tornado passed just north of Centertown and Hartford, crossing U.S. 231, Interstate 165 and the Rough River. EF2 to EF3 damage occurred in this area as multiple houses sustained major structural damage or were destroyed, metal power poles were snapped, mobile homes were obliterated, and many large trees were snapped and twisted. Large hay bales, RV campers, and tractors were thrown along this segment of the path as well. The tornado crossed the Rough River a total of eleven times in Ohio, Grayson and Breckinridge counties, producing EF1 to EF2 damage to many structures, and downing countless trees along its northeastward track. After crossing the river for a final time northeast of Falls of Rough, it re-entered Grayson County and dissipated at 11:47 p.m. CST (5:47 UTC) as it began to enter Rough River Dam State Resort Park near Rough River Lake, approximately west of McDaniels. The tornado was on the ground for nearly three hours, with a path length of , a Kentucky state record and one of the longest continuous paths in recorded history. Kenton–Dresden, Tennessee – Pembroke, Kentucky This intense, long-tracked tornado first touched down in the northeastern part of Newbern in Dyer County, Tennessee at 10:32 p.m. CST and quickly intensified as it moved northeastward at EF2 strength. Several homes suffered significant damage to their roofs and garages, and some houses had carports ripped off. Many trees were snapped or uprooted, and power lines were downed. The most significant damage in Newbern occurred along Washington Street, where a gas station was destroyed. The metal canopy over the gas pumps was blown away, and the convenience store was completely destroyed, leaving two people trapped inside who had to be extracted from the rubble. A detached garage was also destroyed with the debris scattered downwind, and an elementary school and a vocational school also sustained damage. Exiting Newbern and moving to the northeast, the tornado weakened to EF1 intensity and crossed into Gibson County, where tree damage occurred and a house along Cool Springs Road had part of its roof blown off. As it crossed Baseline Road, it ripped roofing material and a screened-in patio off of a house, and blew in one of its exterior walls. Trees and power poles were snapped in this area, and damage was rated low-end EF2. As it crossed Morella Road farther to the northeast, it produced EF3 damage as a house was destroyed and left with only interior rooms standing. A nearby three-story home had its top floor blown off, another house was unroofed and pushed off of its foundation, and the damage to those two residences was rated EF2. The strong tornado then struck Kenton, causing severe damage as it moved through residential areas in the southern part of town. Numerous homes had their roofs torn off and were heavily damaged, and a majority of the damage in Kenton was rated EF2. However, one house along South Poplar Street had its roof removed and exterior walls collapsed, earning an EF3 rating. Sheds and detached garages were destroyed, and many large trees were snapped or uprooted in town, some of which landed on houses. It then weakened and clipped the southeast corner of Obion County, before entering Weakley County and passing north of Sharon. EF1 damage to trees and structures was noted along this portion of the path. Past Sharon, the tornado began to strengthen again, reaching EF2 strength as it partially destroyed a one-story home near the corner of Tennessee State Route 89 and Macedonia Church Road. High-end EF2 damage occurred along Deer Run Drive as the tornado followed Tennessee State Route 89 to the northeast. Homes in this area sustained loss of their roofs and upper-floor exterior walls, and one house had its entire second story blown away and destroyed. The tornado then reached high-end EF3 intensity and caused major damage as it tore directly though Dresden. The downtown section of Dresden was severely damaged, and multiple brick businesses sustained major structural damage, a few of which were completely destroyed. The First United Methodist Church, the Dresden Fire Department, the Dresden Enterprise newspaper office, a market, a hardware store, restaurants, convenience stores, two automotive repair shops, and other buildings all sustained significant damage or were destroyed. Some metal-framed buildings were also destroyed, and the Weakley County Courthouse sustained some minor damage to its exterior. Vehicles were flipped and tossed, numerous homes were damaged or destroyed in town as well, and a couple of small homes were leveled or swept from their foundations. Many large trees were snapped, denuded, or uprooted throughout Dresden, and debris from buildings was left scattered throughout the town, with some left tangled in power lines or wrapped around trees. At least one person was injured, and approximately 100 structures were badly damaged or destroyed in town. The tornado then weakened again and continued to the northeast, causing EF1 tree damage in rural areas of Weakley County. The tornado then moved into Henry County and continued south of Cottage Grove at EF3 intensity. It produced severe damage along Cox Road and Veasey Road, where it tore the second story off a two-story home, while leaving another nearby house with only interior walls standing. A mobile home was also thrown across a road and destroyed in this area. Farther northeast, EF3 damage continued as a well-built brick home along Blake School Road was completely shifted off of its foundation, with its deck destroyed and several walls knocked down. Several other homes along this part of the path sustained partial to total roof loss, trees were downed, while grain silos and a number of outbuildings were destroyed. The tornado then weakened as it crossed U.S. Route 641, and a building sustained EF1 roof damage in this area. The tornado began to strengthen again as it moved through rural areas to the southeast of Puryear, and EF2 damage occurred along Old Paris Murray Road, where a cabin and a barn were destroyed. A mobile home was destroyed, another mobile home was damaged by falling trees, and a house had shingles ripped off along this segment of the path as well, and damage to those structures was rated EF1. Further strengthening occurred and high-end EF2 damage was noted near Buchanan, as homes along Tennessee State Route 140 sustained roof and exterior wall loss, and debris was scattered into fields. Other homes in this area were damaged to a lesser degree, and many trees were downed, with damage in those areas rated EF1. The tornado continued to the northeast past Oak Hill and through the small community of Cypress Creek near the western shore of Kentucky Lake. Numerous homes sustained considerable roof damage in Cypress Creek, and hundreds of trees were downed, some of which landed on houses. Some mobile homes were damaged or destroyed as well, and damage along this section of the path was rated EF1 to EF2. Five people were injured in Henry County. Weakening to EF0 strength, the tornado clipped the Fort Donelson National Battlefield in the extreme southeast corner of Calloway County, Kentucky, knocking down some trees. It then moved across Kentucky Lake and into Stewart County, Tennessee. Moving through the Tennessee portion of the Land Between the Lakes National Recreation Area, the tornado intensified again and downed thousands of trees. It caused EF2 damage as it passed to the south of Bumpus Mills, where a well-built brick home had its roof and second story torn off. Farm outbuildings were also destroyed, a few barns and single-wide trailers were flattened, and other single-wide and double-wide mobile homes had their roofs lifted off. Four people were injured in Stewart County. The tornado continued northeast across the far northwest corner of Fort Campbell Army Base, continuing to blow down trees before entering Christian County, Kentucky. Passing just south of Lafayette, Kentucky, two large barns were destroyed, several electrical transmission lines and many trees were knocked down, a house along Old Clarksville Pike sustained roof damage, and damage near Lafayette was rated EF2. Maintaining EF2 intensity, the tornado moved over mostly open country before causing significant damage to several homes on Boddie Road and Darnell Road to the south of Herndon. A church sustained damage to its roof and steeple in this area, while silos and irrigation pivot sprinklers were destroyed as well. On Palmyra Road, EF2 damage continued to occur as several homes, farm outbuildings, and other structures were badly damaged or destroyed. Farther to the northeast, a mobile home was completely demolished, trees and power poles were snapped, barns were destroyed, a house had its roof torn off, while other homes sustained roof and garage damage near Herndon Oak Grove Road, and damage was again rated EF2. Maintaining its strength, the tornado approached Interstate 24, where numerous trees were snapped or uprooted, a garage was destroyed, and some houses sustained roof damage. Along Fort Campbell Blvd (U.S. 41), EF1 to EF2 damage occurred as a mile-wide swath of wooden power poles was snapped, a tall silo was blown over, many trees were downed, a house had damage to its roof, and barns were destroyed. The tornado then inflicted EF2 damage to a tobacco farm along Bradshaw Road, causing millions of dollars in damage. Four tobacco barns, three equipment garages, and multiple silos were destroyed on the property, while two outbuildings were damaged and a house sustained roof damage as well. Continuing to the northeast at EF2 strength, the tornado struck the town of Pembroke directly, where numerous large trees were snapped or uprooted, and multiple homes sustained considerable roof damage, including two houses that had their roofs torn off along Mason Lane at the south edge of town. Garages, grain silos, and outbuilding structures were damaged or destroyed in town, and Pembroke Elementary School had much of its roof blown off. Some brick buildings in downtown Pembroke were also heavily damaged, including a church that had its steeple torn off. As the tornado exited town and moved to the northeast, two mobile homes were completely destroyed at low-end EF2 strength, injuring the occupants. Crossing into Todd County, the tornado weakened to EF1 intensity and damaged more outbuildings and downed more trees. A large two-story house along Maton Road sustained broken windows and had minor roof damage. Some additional EF1 tree damage occurred just beyond this point before the tornado dissipated at Tress Shop Road west of Elkton at 12:36 a.m. CST (06:36 UTC), with straight-line winds becoming dominant beyond this point. Despite the severe damage in multiple areas along the path, no fatalities occurred, although 13 people were injured. The total path length of the tornado was , the second-longest tracked tornado of the outbreak. The supercell associated with this tornado produced another EF3 tornado approximately to the east in Logan County, and yet another EF3 tornado in Bowling Green. Bowling Green, Kentucky First tornado After the Logan County EF3 tornado lifted, the same supercell produced this intense, destructive, and deadly tornado at around 1:09 a.m. CST (07:09 UTC) on December 11 in Warren County, southwest of Bowling Green. It first touched down south of the intersection of Wimpee Smith Road and Petros Browning Road, where EF0 tree damage occurred. Near Tommy Smith Road, the tornado quickly began to strengthen and reached EF2 intensity. Many trees were downed, a horse trailer was thrown into a ravine, while multiple barns and farm buildings were completely destroyed in this area. Just northeast of this point, high-end EF2 damage occurred as the tornado crossed Kentucky Route 1083, where multiple homes and outbuildings were damaged or destroyed. This included one house that sustained complete removal of its roof and exterior walls, and was left with only an interior hallway standing. Based on scouring of corn stubble in fields, and analysis of damage patterns visible in aerial drone video taken in this area, damage surveyors determined that the tornado displayed an unusual internal structure during this initial portion of its path. There appeared to be a smaller circulation that produced an intense, narrow path of damage embedded within a broader, weaker circulation that caused less intense damage. The tornado weakened to EF1 strength as it crossed Van Meter Road and Fuqua Road, but continued to cause extensive tree damage. A one-story home also sustained minor roof damage along Fuqua Road. Additional EF1 damage occurred as it crossed LC Carr Road and Blue Level Road, where some barns and outbuildings were damaged, homes sustained siding and gutter damage, and trees were snapped. The Zomi Agape church sustained considerable roof damage, and insulation from the building was strewn in all directions. As the tornado began to enter the western fringes of Bowling Green, it rapidly intensified and became strong again as it produced EF3 damage to homes along Rembrandt Court. Here, multiple homes were destroyed and left with only interior rooms standing, one of which was moved off of its foundation. Nearby, the tornado moved across Old Tramm Road and Powell Street, where some one-story homes and duplexes were destroyed, a couple of which were leveled or swept clean from their foundations. However, it was noted that a large storage building was destroyed across the street from these residences, and pieces of heavy equipment were thrown into them. Damage surveyors determined that the extent of the destruction noted at the homes and duplexes was more due to heavy debris impacts, rather than extreme winds, and a rating of high-end EF2 was applied in this area as a result. It then crossed the Interstate 165 into more densely-populated areas of the city as an EF3 tornado. By this time, during live severe weather coverage on ABC/Fox affiliate WBKO; the station's tower camera was pointed toward the western sections of Bowling Green as the tornado approached. It captured a massive power failure in that part of the city as several transmission lines were knocked down by the tornado, before the station's studio facility (located along US 68/KY 80 and I-165) briefly lost electricity. After crossing the interstate, the rapidly-intensifying tornado struck the Creekwood subdivision, where devastating damage occurred as numerous homes were completely destroyed. Some of the worst damage in the subdivision occurred along Moss Creek Avenue, where dozens of homes were leveled or swept from their foundations. Damage surveyors noted that these homes were built on poorly-constructed cinder block foundations, and damage in this area was rated high-end EF3. Dozens of cars were flipped, severely damaged, and thrown into homes, and wooden 2x4s were impaled into the ground and through vehicles. Many other homes along this segment of the path sustained major structural damage, sustaining loss of roofs and exterior walls, while large trees were snapped, twisted and denuded. Numerous fatalities occurred in the Creekwood subdivision, including an entire family of 7 that was killed in the destruction of their home. Just east of this area, the tornado crossed Spring Creek Avenue and weakened to high-end EF2 strength as it moved through another residential area. Many homes had their roofs torn off in this area, and some sustained collapse of exterior walls and were pushed off of their foundations. A two-story apartment building on Hillridge Court had its roof and many top floor exterior walls torn off, and numerous trees and power poles were snapped. Some townhouses were severely damaged near the Veterans Memorial Parkway, one of which was shifted off its foundation as well. High-end EF2 damage continued as it widened and crossed Russellville Road, damaging or destroying numerous businesses on both sides of the road. A plumbing supply company was destroyed, with the garage portion of the business blown in and collapsed. Some semi-trucks were flipped and severely damaged nearby, and a metal billboard was twisted and destroyed. A car rental business, a Marathon gas station, and some other buildings were also destroyed, while a Sonic Drive-In, Royal Motor Cars, two auto parts stores, a Shell gas station, and a Mexican restaurant were badly damaged. Trees and power poles were snapped, a dumpster was thrown , and metal light poles were bent to the ground. Multiple homes in the nearby Springhill and Crestmoor subdivisions had roofs and attached garages ripped off, and large trees were uprooted. The tornado narrowed and weakened some as it moved through the Chuck Crume Nature Park, and into neighborhoods near Cedar Ridge Road as a low-end EF2. Damage to homes in this area was less severe, but numerous large hardwood trees were snapped and uprooted, some of which fell on houses and vehicles. A metal power pole was also toppled to the ground. It then clipped the south edge of the Western Kentucky University campus, where the buildings were not directly hit by tornadic winds, but debris was found speared into the exterior walls of a few structures. The tornado increased in intensity again as it moved along the U.S. 31W Bypass just south of downtown Bowling Green, heavily damaging or destroying several businesses at high-end EF2 to EF3 strength. An equipment rental business sustained some of the most intense damage in this area, sustaining roof loss and collapse of multiple brick exterior walls. A liquor store was completely destroyed, while a smoke shop, a boba tea lounge, a strip mall, and an automotive business were heavily damaged. A couple of two-story apartment buildings had severe roof damage, one of which was struck by debris from a nearby gas station. A truck was flipped onto its side, numerous power lines were downed, and many trees were snapped, uprooted, or denuded throughout this corridor as well. Weakening back to low-end EF2 intensity, it tornado crossed Broadway Avenue as it moved through neighborhoods surrounding Magnolia Street. Large trees were snapped or uprooted in this area, houses had their roofs and porches torn off, and a butcher shop suffered significant roof and window damage. The tornado then crossed Collett Avenue and weakened to high-end EF1 intensity, following Nutwood Street and Covington Street to the east-northeast before moving through the Briarwood Manor and Indian Hills subdivisions. Damage along this segment of the path consisted of mainly minor to moderate damage to homes, including shattered windows, garage doors blown in, gutters torn off, and roof shingles removed. However, a few houses sustained more severe damage, with half or more of their roofs blown off. Many trees and power lines were downed, cars and garden sheds were overturned, while fencing and detached garages were destroyed. The damage path turned more to the northeast as the tornado impacted the Indian Hills Country Club golf course, where trees were damaged, snapped, and uprooted. It then crossed the Barren River and regained low-end EF2 strength as it destroyed a brick silo and inflicted considerable roof damage to some houses and apartment buildings to the south of Old Porter Pike. EF2 damage continued to the northeast of this area at the GM Corvette Assembly Plant. Large rooftop HVAC units were torn off, and extensive roof damage occurred at the plant, with metal sheeting, insulation, and other debris scattered hundreds of yards. Chain link fencing on the property was destroyed, while light poles, power poles, and road signs were blown over as well. A small security checkpoint building at the facility was totally destroyed, with large pieces of the building being thrown several hundred yards. A gas station canopy, a Wendy's sign, and some storage garages were also damaged near the plant, and a fully loaded tractor-trailer was flipped onto its side and pushed about from where it originated into the front of a restaurant. Past the Corvette plant, the damage path turned in a more easterly direction again, and the tornado weakened back to EF1 intensity as it moved through the intersection of Bristow Road and Friendship Road. A barn and a greenhouse were destroyed within this vicinity, and power poles were downed. Houses in this area sustained mainly roof, gutter, and siding damage, though one home had a large section of its roof torn off. Shortly beyond this point, it turned sharply back to the northeast and caused additional EF1 damage as it moved across Kelly Road, where some trees were downed and an outbuilding was damaged. The tornado then rapidly intensified again and reached peak intensity as it struck an industrial park near U.S. 68, damaging or destroying multiple large industrial buildings at high-end EF3 strength. The well-built TMS Automotive warehouse was leveled by the tornado, with large metal structural supports torn from their anchor plates. A metal flag pole near one business was bent to the ground, leveraging its heavy concrete footing out of the ground in the process, and some light poles were bent over as well. A box truck was also thrown and destroyed, part of which was found away. The tornado then weakened to EF2 strength, but continued to inflict heavy damage as it struck a Crown Verity plant; a cookware manufacturer, near the north side of U.S. 68. The building sustained major damage, with large amounts of metal debris strewn through nearby fields. EF1 damage was noted along Mizpah Road, where fencing and trees were downed, a flag pole was bent, and some additional industrial buildings had damage to their exteriors, with metal siding and insulation scattered across fields. A house had the top part of its brick chimney blown off in this area too. It caused one more area of EF2 damage as it approached U.S. 31W, completely destroying an outbuilding along Freeport Road and blowing the debris downwind. A house and another outbuilding sustained less severe damage nearby, and some trees were snapped. The tornado then weakened to EF1 intensity and crossed Oakland Road, moving through the small community of Tuckertown, where houses sustained roof damage, an outbuilding collapsed, some other outbuildings and silos were damaged, and trees were downed. It followed U.S. 31W to the northeast, causing more EF1 damage to trees, barns, and the roofs of homes. EF1 damage continued into Edmonson County, where trees were downed near the Dripping Springs community. The tornado then lifted and dissipated at 1:36 a.m. CST (07:36 UTC) near Cedar Springs, after causing one final area of EF1 tree damage along Kentucky Route 259. The path length of the tornado was . In total, 17 people were killed and 63 people were injured by this tornado. Second tornado As the EF3 tornado moved through areas just south of downtown Bowling Green, a second tornado formed as a result of a separate, smaller circulation within the same parent supercell. It first touched in the southeastern part of Bowling Green at 1:19 a.m. CST (07:19 UTC), near the Bowling Green–Warren County Regional Airport. It first damaged a small metal storage building along Searcy Way, then caused significant roof damage to a well-built airplane hangar as it moved across the airport grounds. Damage along this initial part of the path was rated EF1. An anemometer at the airport recorded an wind gust as the tornado passed by, though it was not directly hit by the tornado. The tornado continued at high-end EF1 strength as it moved to the northeast, parallel to Interstate 65. It grew to wide, striking apartments and townhouses at The Hub apartments. These structures sustained extensive roof and window damage, with garages at the complex suffering the most intense damage. Trees were also downed in this area. Additional damage to trees and roofs occurred in a neighborhood just north of Lovers Lane Park. The tornado became strong as it crossed Mount Victor Lane, where a house was heavily damaged and shifted off of its foundation, and damage to that residence was rated low-end EF2. It weakened again as it crossed the Barren River just east of the path of the main EF3 tornado, which followed moments later. Homes and apartment buildings along McFadin Station Street suffered considerable roof and siding damage, and trees and power lines were downed, with damage in this area being rated EF1. Just beyond this point, extensive tree damage occurred and a barn was destroyed near Porter Pike. The tornado then reached peak strength, producing EF2 damage as it struck NCM Motorsports Park on the south side of the interstate. The main building, a series of automobile repair garages, and some metal storage buildings sustained extensive damage at this location, with large sections of roofing and exterior walls ripped off of the structures. Structural debris was scattered over a half-mile to the east-northeast, and several cars were moved and damaged by flying debris. At this point the tornado was roughly wide, and the damage track of the main EF3 tornado near the Corvette plant was visible just across the interstate. The tornado weakened as it paralleled the interstate, causing EF1 damage along McGinnis Road and Bristow Road. An unanchored mobile home was destroyed, numerous trees were downed, and siding, gutter, and roofing damage was observed at several homes along this segment of the path. Just beyond this point, the tornado caused some additional EF0 tree damage before it dissipated near mile marker 29.2 along I-65 at 1:24 a.m. CST (07:24 UTC), southeast of Plum Springs, after traveling . Non-tornadic effects The initial winter storm, unofficially referred to by The Weather Channel (TWC) as Winter Storm Atticus, entered the Western United States on December 9. The storm brought the first measurable snowfall of the rainy season to Utah. In southern Wyoming and Colorado, the storm dropped a maximum total of of snow in the mountains. In Minnesota, some towns and cities received over of snow. The Twin Cities received a maximum total of of snow, making the winter storm the heaviest snowstorm recorded in the area since another blizzard in April 2018. Minneapolis and St. Paul each declared snow emergencies. In the Twin Cities, Metro Transit reported that half of its busses were delayed. More than 250 flights were canceled at Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport. Near Faribault, a seven-car pileup occurred on Interstate 35. Minnesota State Patrol reported 232 crashes, causing 19 injuries. The National Weather Service issued winter storm warnings for part of Minnesota during the December 10. In South Dakota, Sioux Falls issued a snow alert. The Lincoln County Sheriff's Office issued a no-travel alert. Several highways, including Interstate 229 and Interstate 90 were snow-covered. Numerous school districts around the area cancelled classes on December 10. The storm system brought wind gusts up to to Lower Michigan and northern Indiana. Nearly 200,000 customers were left without power in Michigan as the storm passed through, while more than 7,000 customers lost power in Wisconsin. In Canada, winds gusting to 62 mph (100 km/h) uprooted trees and caused property damage and multiple power outages across Southern Ontario and the St. Lawrence River Valley. More than 300,000 customers in Ontario and Québec lost power. Impact and aftermath Five states were heavily impacted by tornadoes; homes and businesses incurring severe damage in many communities along the path of each of the storms, many of which collapsed and were reduced to rubble. The tornadoes resulted in 88 fatalities, 75 of which occurred in Kentucky, and hundreds of injuries. As of December 13, three days after the outbreak took place, 26,000 buildings were without power, while 10,000 were without water and an additional 17,000 were placed under boil-water advisories in Kentucky. Also in Kentucky, estimates indicated between 60,000 and over 80,000 people were without power across the state. In Trigg County, over 14,000 residents were left without power. In Taylor County, one woman was killed. Officials in the county said major damage occurred, but the extent is not known. Rescue workers said many structures were destroyed in the county. Injured individuals were transported to a nearby medical facility. Western Kentucky University canceled commencement ceremonies scheduled for December 11, due to the EF3 tornado that hit Bowling Green the previous night and caused citywide power outages affecting the campus. In Bremen, a video of a man surreptitiously recorded playing Bill Gaither's "Jesus, There's Something About That Name" on a piano in his destroyed house was shared by many people. Jason Crabb, who was from nearby Beaver Dam, invited the man, Jordan Baize, to play the song on the Grand Ole Opry on December 17. In Bowling Green, one indirect storm-related fatality occurred, involving a man who died from a heart attack while helping clean up debris at his daughter's house; in Franklin County, a man was killed when his truck was swept into floodwaters along Benson Creek. Local National Weather Service operations were impacted during the outbreak, forcing two offices to briefly suspend operations. The power outages caused by the storms resulted in the National Weather Service's Paducah office temporarily transferring warning responsibilities for its County Warning Area to the agency's Springfield, Missouri office, and NOAA Weather Radio stations operated by the Paducah office temporarily went off-the-air in parts of the state during the outbreak. Employees at the National Weather Service's St. Louis office, located in Weldon Spring, were forced to take shelter and temporarily suspend operations as an EF3 tornado passed just south of the facility around 7:45 p.m. CST on December 10. In Arkansas, a semi-trailer truck overturned on the northbound lane of Interstate 555 in Poinsett County (southwest of Trumann), due to straight-line winds associated with the supercell; natural gas that was being carried inside the truck leaked onto the highway, resulting in the closure of both lanes of the highway for most of the evening. In Indiana, damage was mostly limited to power outages from the storms and trees falling into houses and onto vehicles, with only one person being hospitalized. At least 17,000 Duke Energy customers, 12,500 AES Indiana customers, 12,500 Indiana Michigan Power Co. customers, and 1,300 South Central Indiana REMC customers lost power due to the storms. In Tennessee, more than 130,000 people were left without power in the state as a result of the storms. TVA infrastructure was damaged in West Tennessee, resulting in power loss for all of Decatur and southern Henderson counties. Power remained out in Decatur County into the next week, resulting in the county school system being closed the whole week. A tree fell on a home in Shelby, resulting in a non-tornadic fatality. On December 14, nine Tennessee counties were granted federal emergency assistance due to the damage from the storms: Lake, Obion, Dyer, Gibson, and Weakley counties in West Tennessee; and Cheatham, Dickson, and Stewart counties in Middle Tennessee, all of which had been heavily impacted by tornadoes, along with Decatur County, which had sustained county-wide power failure. Rescue and recovery Recovery efforts are currently underway, as disaster-aid and humanitarian groups, such as the American Red Cross, The Salvation Army, Adventist Community Services, and World Vision are collecting donations and traveling to or shipping relief items to affected areas to provide aid. At least 1,000 families were left homeless or had their properties severely damaged. Kentucky state parks provided free housing to those who could not go back to their homes. Up to 450 National Guard members were activated to help out with recovery in Kentucky. Several firefighters in the Crescent Township, Pennsylvania volunteer fire department are planning to travel to Mayfield on December 21 to help with cleanup, bringing donated supplies. Companies affected Multiple workers at the Mayfield Consumer Products candle factory that was destroyed when the long-track EF4 tornado hit Mayfield, Kentucky, alleged that supervisors told them they would be fired if they left their shifts early ahead of the storm's direct hit on the city. Company spokespeople have denied the allegations. On December 17, it was reported that multiple workers (only one was named due to fear of reprisal) filed a class-action lawsuit against the company. The lawsuit alleged that the company had up to three and a half hours to allow employees to leave before the tornado hit the factory and showed a flagrant indifference to the rights of the workers. It was later brought to light that the factory had committed 12 OSHA safety violations in 2019, for which they were forced to pay a fine of $9,810 (2019 USD); specific violations included one stating that safeguards during emergency situations must be working properly at all times, one stating that there had to be people who could perform first aid and one stating that first aid supplies need to be available. The Kentucky OSHA board is currently investigating the factory. On December 11, Amazon founder and executive chairman Jeff Bezos issued a statement about the impact to the company's Edwardsville, Illinois, warehouse on Twitter: "The news from Edwardsville is tragic. We're heartbroken over the loss of our teammates there, and our thoughts and prayers are with their families and loved ones. All of Edwardsville should know that the Amazon team is committed to supporting them and will be by their side through this crisis. We extend our fullest gratitude to all the incredible first responders who have worked so tirelessly at the site." Bezos was criticized on social media for issuing his response to the tragedy approximately 23 hours after the tornado destroyed the warehouse, and for attending the scheduled third launch of the New Shepard 4 suborbital vehicle that morning despite the tragedy. OSHA is currently investigating the deaths at the warehouse; the warehouse has no prior violations on record. An Amazon driver stationed at the Edwardsville base delivering packages was told she would be fired by her supervisor if she went back to the Edwardsville base upon tornado sirens going off. She had previously mentioned tornado warnings had been issued 32 minutes prior. The supervisor waited for Amazon to contact them to say what to do; at that point, she was told to shelter in place. An Amazon spokesperson later stated the supervisor did not follow standard safety protocols, specifically stating that the supervisor should have told the driver to return upon hearing tornado sirens and that they should not have threatened the driver's employment. An Amazon employee from near Campbellsville, Kentucky, went viral on Twitter after being turned around by police and being unable to reach the warehouse for her shift due to search and rescue efforts and damage from an EF3 tornado in Taylor County. When she attempted to notify Amazon's Human Resources department about the issue she was told they had no record of tornadoes in Kentucky and penalized her. It was not until she tweeted in response to Amazon's Retail Chief Dave Clark about the issue later in the day that the issue was resolved. Political On December 11, U.S. President Joe Biden approved a federal emergency disaster declaration for the state of Kentucky. On December 12, he approved a major disaster declaration for Kentucky. Biden also stated that he would approve emergency declarations for other states if they submitted them, which ultimately were submitted by Tennessee and Illinois on December 13. Biden also stated that he would visit the areas affected by the storm after it was certain he was "not going to get in the way of the rescue and recovery". The White House later announced that Biden would travel to Fort Campbell on December 15, where he would be briefed on the storms, and then visit the affected communities of Mayfield and Dawson Springs. While in Dawson Springs, he stated that the damage was "beyond belief". Biden also announced that the federal disaster coverage would be upped to cover 100% (from 75%) of costs for debris removal and emergency protective measures over the next 30 days in Kentucky. Missouri Governor Mike Parson visited both St. Charles and Pemiscot counties in the aftermath of the EF3 tornado that cut through those areas. Earlier on December 11, Governor Beshear declared a state of emergency for parts of western Kentucky. Beshear also announced the creation of a tornado relief fund and asked people to donate blood, as donated blood was running low throughout the pandemic. Kentucky Senator Mitch McConnell visited areas of Bowling Green, stating that he had not seen worse damage since the 1974 Louisville tornado. See also Weather of 2021 List of United States tornadoes from October to December 2021 List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks Tri-State tornado outbreak – Another deadly tornado outbreak that produced a long-tracked tornado which crossed through three states on March 18, 1925 1953 Vicksburg, Mississippi tornado – A deadly tornado that struck in early December Tornado outbreak of March 2–3, 2012 – Another outbreak that produced several deadly, long-tracked tornadoes in Kentucky December 2015 North American storm complex – The last time before this outbreak a violent tornado (EF4/EF5) occurred in the United States in December Tornado outbreak of December 16–17, 2019 – A tornado outbreak that struck the Southern United States in mid-December December 2021 Midwest derecho and tornado outbreak – Another historic severe weather event five days later in the Midwest which itself broke the record for most tornadoes in a single day in December Notes References 2021 meteorology 2021 in Arkansas 2021 in Illinois 2021 in Kentucky 2021 in Missouri 2021 in Tennessee 2021 natural disasters in the United States December 2021 events in the United States Tornadoes in Arkansas Tornadoes in Illinois Tornadoes in Kentucky Tornadoes in Missouri Tornadoes in Tennessee Tornadoes of 2021 Tornado outbreaks F4 tornadoes 2021–22 North American winter

12189029

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%27s%20sac-winged%20bat

Thomas's sac-winged bat

Thomas's sac-winged bat (Balantiopteryx io) is a species of sac-winged bat in the family Emballonuridae. It is found in Belize, Guatemala, and Mexico. General Information Oldfield Thomas named this bat in 1904. It is presumed that he named it after the Io found in Greek mythology, who was cursed by Hera to be eternally chased, because bats seem to be “flighty.” The bat is considered “vulnerable” according to the IUCN redlist, and the population is decreasing. This assumption that the population is decreasing comes from the evidence of habitat destruction, and it has been estimated that about 30% of the bats’ natural habitat has been destroyed by human causes: vandalism, fires in caves, and tourism. Balantiopteryx io is a sister species of Balantiopteryx infusca. There are no subspecies for Balantiopteryx io. Appearance It is the smallest species when compared to others in the genus Balantiopteryx, and lacks the white trim that is characteristic of Balantiopteryx plicata. The males weigh about 3.7 g, while the females weigh about 5 g. Reproduction There is not much data available for this species’ courting rituals, but what is known is that the female usually has one fetus, and the pregnant females can be found in March, April, May, and June. Habits This bat prefers to live in caves near the entrance with some light, but there have been instances where they have been found deeper in the caves where it is darker. It has also been found in railroad tunnels. It likes to stay about nine inches or more away from the others when hanging on the ceiling. Groups of fifty or more of these bats can be found in the colony. It feeds after sunset, so observing the bats is difficult. These bats are insectivores. Notes References Arroyo-Cabrales, Joaquin, and J. Knox Jones, Jr. "Balantiopteryx io and infusca." Mammalian Species 313 (1988): 1-3. <https://web.archive.org/web/20151019024828/http://www.science.smith.edu/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-313-01-0001.pdf>. Gardner, Alfred L. Mammals of South America. Chicago: University of Chicago, 2008. Print. Nowak, Ronald M. Walker's Bats of the World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1994. Print. Balantiopteryx Bats of Central America Bats of Mexico Mammals described in 1904 Taxa named by Oldfield Thomas Taxonomy articles created by Polbot

14024917

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof%20of%20Destruction

Proof of Destruction

Proof of Destruction (P.O.D.) is a fixed shooter for the Commodore 64 and Commodore 16 written by Shaun Southern and published by Mastertronic in 1987. The player spaceship moves along the bottom of a grid, attempting to shoot enemy spaceships to go to the next level. Gameplay Proof of Destruction has a unique way of player movement and strategy, but has simple enemy AI. It consists of various levels where in each level the objective is to kill a fixed number of spaceships that come into the grid. Points are gained for every enemy kill. There is an overall time limit to the game and the objective is to obtain as many points as possible within that time limit, with the user trying to finish off each level as quickly as possible. Movement A player spaceship(s) can move freely horizontally and vertically on a fixed grid that fills the whole screen, using the keyboard or a joystick. The grid, however, gets damaged by enemy bullets which prevent the player from moving over them during a short period of time. Several types of enemies exist and each one moves in a distinct way. In the basic levels, enemies usually enter from the top of the grid and move horizontally, lowering one line at a time when they reach the side of the grid and reversing their direction, slowly closing in on to the player spaceship. Further on, other types of enemies are introduced that choose the shortest past towards the player, although moving much slower, and other enemies that enter the grid rapidly from the left and the right and disappear back of the grid as quickly as they came. Attack A player spaceship can fire off bullets only in one direction, namely upwards, trying to destroy its enemies. Those enemies fire off bullets in all directions, usually aimed at either one of the players. Enemy bullets depend on the type of enemy and can range from simple downward bullets to bullets that cross the grid in any direction. Level completion Each level had the same sized grid with the player spaceships starting at the bottom of the grid and a number of enemy spaceships entering from different sides of the grid, depending on the level and on the enemy type. Completion of a level is reached when a timer has finished counting down. After the completion of a level, the player receives an extra life, up to a maximum of five. Multiplayer At the start of the game, it is possible to choose between one or two players. Both players move independently on the grid and cannot hit nor block each other. If one player loses all of their lives, the other one can continue. Legacy A remake, Point of Destruction, was released for the Gizmondo in 2005. References External links Statement from Shaun about POD from Podcast retrokompott.de 1987 video games Commodore 16 and Plus/4 games Commodore 64 games Fixed shooters Mastertronic games

49513911

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20women%20artists

List of Italian women artists

This is a list of women artists who were born in Italy or whose artworks are closely associated with that country. A Carla Accardi (1924–2014), abstractionist painter Eleonora Aguiari (born 1973), installation artist Angelica Veronica Airola (c.1590–1670), Baroque painter Quirina Alippi-Fabretti (1849–1919), painter Topazia Alliata (1913–2015), painter, writer Edina Altara (1898–1983), illustrator, decorator and fashion designer Giulia Andreani (born 1985), history painter Amalia de Angelis (fl. 1851–1871), painter Elena Anguissola (c.1532–1584), painter and nun Lucia Anguissola (c.1538–c.1565), painter Sofonisba Anguissola (c.1532–1625), Renaissance painter Anna Maria Arduino (1633–1700), 17th century painter and writer and the Princess of Piombino from Messina, Sicily Simona Atzori (born 1974), painter and dancer born without arms B Pippa Bacca (1974–2008), artist Bianca Bagnarelli (born 1988), Italian-French illustrator, writer Maria Maddalena Baldacci (1718–1782), painter Rosa Barba (born 1972), installation artist Eleonora Bargili (18th century), pastellist Letizia Battaglia (born 1935), photographer Vanessa Beecroft (born 1969), contemporary artist Aniella di Beltrano (1613–1649), Baroque painter Elisabetta Benato-Beltrami (1813–1888), painter, sculptor Daniela Benedini (born 1972), contemporary painter Mirella Bentivoglio (1922–2017), sculptor, poet, performance artist Laura Bernasconi (fl.1674), Baroque painter Rosalba Bernini (1762–1829), pastellist Antonia Bertucci-Pinelli (died c.1640), Baroque painter Carlotta de Bevilacqua (born 1957), lighting designer Rossella Biscotti (born 1978), visual artist, video maker Ernesta Legnani Bisi (1788–1859), painter and engraver Fulvia Bisi (1818–1911), painter Rita Boley Bolaffio (1898–1995), collage artist Clelia Bompiani (1848–1927), painter Monica Bonvicini (born 1965), sculptor, photographer, video artist, educator Giuseppina Quaglia Borghese (1765–1831), painter and pastellist Luigia Bozzini (19th century), religious painter Faustina Bracci Armellini (1785–1857), pastellist Antonietta Brandeis (1848–1926), painter Nina Breeder (born 1982), contemporary artist Plautilla Bricci (1616–1690), architect, painter Eufrasia Burlamacchi (1482–1548), manuscript illuminator Angiola Guglielma Butteri (17th century), nun, painter C Orsola Maddalena Caccia (1596–1676), nun, religious painter Margherita Caffi (1650–1710), flower painter Maria Callani (1778–1803), 18th century portrait painter, active in Parma. Suor Prudenza Cambi (died 1601), painter and nun Milena Canonero (born 1946), costume designer Ginevra Cantofoli (1618–1672), Baroque painter Sister Luisa Capomazza (c.1600–1646), painter Benedetta Cappa (1897–1977), futurist artist Antonella Cappuccio (born 1944), costume designer Ghitta Carell (1899–1972), Hungarian-born Italian photographer Marianna Carlevarijs (1703–1750), painter and pastellist Rosalba Carriera (1673–1757), painter Maria Vittoria Cassana (died 1711), painter Caterina Amigoni Castellini (18th century), pastellist Beatrice Catanzaro (born 1975), conceptual artist Catherine of Bologna (1413–1463), nun, artist, saint Nicoletta Ceccoli (born 1973), San Marinian illustrator Giulia Centurelli (1832-1872), painter and poet Maria Suppioti Ceroni (1730–c.1773), pastellist Vittoria Chierici (born 1955), painter Caterina Cherubini (died 1811), miniaturist Amalia Ciardi Dupré (born 1934), sculptor and painter Emma Ciardi (1879–1933), painter Vittoria Cocito (1891–1971), painter and illustrator Marina Cicogna (born 1934), film producer and photographer Barbara Ciardo (born 1983), comic book colorist Maria Giovanna Clementi (1692–1761), portrait painter Daniela Comani (born 1965), multimedia artist Theresa Maria Coriolano (1620–1671), engraver Maddalena Corvina (1607–1664), painter and engraver Liliana Cossovel (1924–1984), painter, collagist Maria Cosway (1760–1838), Italian-English painter Mariangiola Criscuolo (c.1548–1630), Renaissance painter Maria Eufrasia della Croce (1597-1676), nun, painter D Dadamaino (1930–2004), painter Isabella Maria dal Pozzo (fl. 1660s), painter Teodora Danti (c.1498–c.1573), painter, writer Caterina Davinio (born 1957), poet, novelist, new media artist Elena de' Grimani (born 1975), comic book artist and illustrator Yvonne De Rosa (born 1975), photographer Marianna Candidi Dionigi (1756–1826), painter and writer Anna Vittoria Dolara (1754–1827), nun, poet, painter Agnese Dolci (1635–1686), painter Valentina D'Urbano (born 1985), writer and illustrator Irene Parenti Duclos (1754–1795), painter, poet Amalia Ciardi Duprè (born 1934), sculptor, painter F Adriana Bisi Fabbri (1881–1918), painter Orsola Faccioli (1823–1906), painter Lucrina Fetti (c.1590–1651), painter Teresa Fioroni-Voigt (1799–1880), painter of miniatures Eva Fischer (1920–2015), Croatian-born Italian painter and engraver Lavinia Fontana (1552–1614), early professional female painter Giovanna Fratellini (1666–1731), Baroque painter Virginia von Fürstenberg (born 1974), fashion designer G Margarita Gabassi (mid-18th century), painter Anna Galeotti (1739–1773), engraver, painter Fede Galizia (1578–1630), pioneering still life Renaissance painter Federica Galli (1932–2009), printmaker Giola Gandini (1906–1941), painter Giovanna Garzoni (1600–1670), Baroque painter Francesca Genna (born 1967), printmaker Artemisia Gentileschi (1593–c.1656), Baroque painter Costanza Ghilini (1754–1775), amateur painter and pastellist Caterina Ginnasi (1590–1660), Baroque painter Domiziana Giordano (born 1959), painter, actress, photographer and video artist Sofia Giordano (1778–1829), painter Gisella Giovenco (born 1946), painter and stylist Francesca Grilli (born 1978), visual artist, video maker Beatrice Ancillotti Goretti (1879–1937), painter Rosina Mantovani Gutti (1851–1943), painter, especially of children H Domitilla Harding (fl. late 20th, early 21st century), furniture and fashion designer, also works with glass Adelita Husni-Bey (born 1985), visual artist, video maker I Iaia (116–27 BC), Roman painter, engraver K Elisabetta Keller (1891–1969), Italian-born Swiss painter and pastellist Kiyohara Tama (1861–1939), Japanese painter active in Sicily Elisa Koch (1833–1914), painter, pastellist L Giulia Lama (born 1681), painter Luisa Lambri (born 1969), photographer Ketty La Rocca (1938–1976), poet, visual artist Carla Lavatelli (1928–2006), portrait painter, abstract sculptor Bice Lazzari (1900–1981), painter Angelica Le Gru Perotti (1719–1776), painter Vittoria Ligari (1713–1783), painter Maria Cattarina Locatelli (died 1723), painter Barbara Longhi (1552–1638), painter M Ortensia Poncarale Maggi (1732–1811), painter Francesca Magliani (born 1845), painter Lilla Maldura (fl. 1876–1887), painter Matilde Malenchini (1779–1858), portrait and genre painter Ada Mangilli (born 1863), painter Anna Morandi Manzolini (1714–1774), anatomist, wax modeler Faustina Maratti (c.1679–1745), Baroque poet, painter Elisabetta Marchioni (fl. 1700), Venetian painter Clementina Marcovigi (born 1863), painter Virginia Mariani (1824–1898), painter, ceramist Maria Martinetti (1864–1921), painter Luigia Massari (1810–1898), painter, embroiderer Giulia Masucci Fava (born 1858), painter Isabella Discalzi Mazzoni (fl. late 15th century), sculptor Margherita Pavesi Mazzoni (1930–2010), painter, sculptor and poet Carla Carli Mazzucato (born 1935), contemporary artist Marisa Merz (1931–2019), sculptor Giovanna Tacconi Messini (1717–1742), painter Madonna Fitta de Milano (17th century), painter Otonella Mocellin (born 1966), photographer and video artist Tina Modotti (1896–1942), photographer, model and actress Maria Molin (18th century), pastellist Eleonora Monti (1727–1760), painter Sandra Moreschi (born 1946), designer of Jewish ceremonial art Emma Moretto (19th century), painter Marisa Mori (1900–1985), Futurist painter and printmaker Valentina Murabito (born 1981), photographer, visual artist N Olga Napoli (1903–1955), painter Maria Giacomina Nazari (born 1724), painter Plautilla Nelli (1524–1588), nun, early female Renaissance painter Dianora Niccolini (born 1936), photographer Elena Nobili (1833–1900), figure painter Lila De Nobili (1916–2002), stage designer, costume designer and fashion illustrator Teresa Boccardi Nuytz (died 1837), pastellist O Virginia Oldoini (1837–1899), photographer Maria Ormani (1428–c.1470), manuscript illustrator and nun Giuseppina Osenga (19th-century), painter Valentina Guidi Ottobri (artist) (born 1988), artist, curator P Arcangela Paladini (1599–1622), painter Isabella Parasole (c.1570–c.1620), wood engraver Luigia Pascoli (1805–1882), painter Francesca Pasquali (born 1980), painter Rosalba Pedrina (born 1944), painter and teacher Itala Pellegrino (born 1865), painter Cinzia Pellin (born 1973), artist Lida Persili (19th century), painter Anna Bacherini Piattoli (1720–1788), painter Fanny Pieroni-Davenport (late 19th century), painter Isabella Piccini (1664–1732), engraver Sara Pichelli (born 1983), comics artist Margherita Pillini (late 19th century), painter Ida Pinto-Sezzi (born 1852), painter Laura Piranesi (1755–1785), engraver Paola Pivi (born 1971), multimedia artist Teresa del Po (1649–1716), painter Amalia Del Ponte (born 1936), multidisciplinary artist Carlotta Ida Popert (1848–1923), German-Italian painter, etcher Isabella Maria dal Pozzo (died 1700), painter R Rabarama (born 1969), contemporary artist Baroness Annetta Radovska (19th century), painter Suor Barbara Ragnoni (15th century), nun, painter Elvira Raimondi (1866–1920), painter Carol Rama (1918–2015), painter Maria Angelica Razzi (16th century), nun, sculptor Emma Gaggiotti Richards (1825–1912), painter Elisa Rigutini Bulle (born 1859), painter Marietta Robusti (c.1560–1590), Renaissance painter Linda Rocchi (born 1857), painter Francesca Rognoni-Gratognini (born 1850), landscape painter Juana Romani (1869–1924), painter Lalla Romano (1906–2001), novelist, poet, painter and journalist Paola Romano (born 1951), painter and sculptor Diana de Rosa (1602–1643), painter Vicenza Giovanna Rovisi (1750–1824), late Baroque and Neoclassical painter S Marina Sagona (born 1967), Italian-American artist Chiara Samugheo (born 1935), photographer Felicità Sartori (c.1714–1760), painter and pastellist Beatrice Scaccia (born 1978), painter Maria Domenica Scanferla (1726–1763), painter and pastellist Teresa Scannabecchi (1662–1708), Baroque painter Lucrezia Scarfaglia (fl. 1677), painter Ida Botti Scifoni (1812–1844), painter, sculptor and designer Diana Scultori (born 1535), engraver Marinella Senatore (born 1977), visual artist Floria Sigismondi (born 1965), Italian-Canadian photographer Luisa Silei (1825–1898), landscape painter Roberta Silva (born 1971), Trinidad and Tobago-born contemporary artist Nerina Simi (1890–1987), painter, art teacher Elisabetta Sirani (1638–1665), Baroque painter Violante Beatrice Siries (1709–1783), painter Maria Spanò (born 1843), painter Irene di Spilimbergo (1540–1559), Renaissance painter Chiara Spinelli (1744–1823), pastellist Francesca Stuart Sindici (1858–c.1929), Spanish-Italian painter T Patrizia Taddei (born 1948), Italian-born Sammarinese contemporary artist Celeste Tanfani (fl. 1735), pastellist Margherita Terzi (18th century), pastellist Caterina Tarabotti (active 1659), Baroque painter Maria Felice Tibaldi (born 1707), painter Grazia Toderi (born 1963), video artist and photographer Lucia Casalini Torelli (1677–1762), painter Tatiana Trouvé (born 1968), contemporary artist V Anna Maria Vaiani (died c.1655), engraver Grazia Varisco (born 1937), visual artist Chiara Varotari (1584–1663), Baroque painter Virginia Vezzi (1601–1638), painter Lella Vignelli (1934–2016), designer Lauretta Vinciarelli (1943–2011), artist, architect, educator Teresa Berenice Vitelli (fl. 1706–1729), painter W Bettina Werner (born 1965), artist working with salt Z Maria Zacchè (born 1933), artist specializing in pen and ink drawings Gentile Zanardi (late 17th century), Baroque painter Silvia Ziche (born 1967), comic book artist and writer - Italian women artists, List of Women artists, List of Italian Artists

41685125

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remember%20Me%20%28TV%20series%29

Remember Me (TV series)

Remember Me is a British drama television serial that premiered on BBC One in autumn 2014. Written by Gwyneth Hughes, the three-part mystery was made by Mammoth Screen. Michael Palin plays the lead role, making it his first regular television acting role in 20 years. Plot The elderly Tom Parfitt (Michael Palin) fakes a fall at his long-term terraced house in Yorkshire, to escape to a care home. However, moments after arriving the social worker that delivered Tom is thrown from the seemingly impenetrable fourth floor window of Tom's room, with only her and the frail Tom inside. This mystifies teenaged care assistant Hannah (Jodie Comer), although local police, including depressed detective Rob Fairholme (Mark Addy) are largely uninterested. One by one, strange things begin happening to those in contact with Tom, including Hannah and her family, and Tom soon vanishes from his hospital bed without explanation. Returning to Tom's home, Hannah starts to piece together several clues that lead her to Scarborough, where a dark secret from Tom's past comes to light and it becomes apparent that the paranormal is moving against them. Cast Production In February 2013, the series was commissioned by Ben Stephenson and Danny Cohen for BBC One. Filming began in January 2014 in Huddersfield and Scarborough. The series is produced by Chris Carey and directed by Ashley Pearce. Funding was provided by ITV GE and North Light Film Studios. The British Film Institute issued a tax break on the series. It started airing Sunday 23 November 2014 at 9pm. The series consisted of one run of three episodes. Foreign broadcasts The series was shown in the US on PBS in summer 2017. References External links BBC television dramas 2010s British drama television series 2014 British television series debuts 2014 British television series endings Television shows set in the United Kingdom English-language television shows Television series by Mammoth Screen Scarborough, North Yorkshire Television shows set in Yorkshire British horror fiction television series 2010s British horror television series

11108706

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir%20William%20Parker%2C%203rd%20Baronet

Sir William Parker, 3rd Baronet

Sir William Lorenzo Parker, 3rd Baronet (9 January 1889 – 27 October 1971) was a British rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. Parker was born in Kensington London. He inherited the baronetcy on the death of Sir William Biddulph Parker, 2nd Baronet on 23 January 1902. He was educated at New College, Oxford. He was a member of the New College eight which won the silver medal for Great Britain rowing at the 1912 Summer Olympics. In April 1913, Parker was appointed Assistant Inspector by the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries. Parker was Lord Lieutenant of Brecknockshire from 1959 to 1964. References External links profile 1889 births 1971 deaths Alumni of New College, Oxford English male rowers British male rowers Olympic rowers of Great Britain Rowers at the 1912 Summer Olympics Olympic silver medallists for Great Britain Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom Lord-Lieutenants of Brecknockshire Olympic medalists in rowing Medalists at the 1912 Summer Olympics

49030220

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arndilly%20House

Arndilly House

Arndilly House is a 1770 house in Banffshire, Scotland, in the parish of Boharm. It lies between the River Spey and Ben Aigan. It was remodelled in both 1826 and 1850. It is a category A listed building with Historic Scotland. It was remodelled in the Scots baronial style in 1850 by the Aberdeen architect James Matthews. It was the seat of the MacDowall Grant family in the 18th and 19th centuries, including David McDowall-Grant. References External links Official website Rightmove.co.uk Category A listed buildings in Moray Banffshire

51780686

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina%20Oxenberg

Christina Oxenberg

Christina Oxenberg (, born December 27, 1962) is a Serbian-American writer, humorist, and fashion designer. She has written seven books, and her writing has been featured in magazines and publications like Allure, The Sunday Times, Huffington Post, and others. Her two knitwear clothing lines, Christina Oxenberg and Ox, have appeared in Barneys, Bloomingdale's, and luxury boutiques throughout the world. Oxenberg is the daughter of Princess Elizabeth of Yugoslavia and is a descendant of the Serbian House of Karađorđević. Early life Christina Oxenberg was born in New York City. She is a daughter of Princess Elizabeth of Yugoslavia (born 1936) and her first husband Howard Oxenberg (1919–2010), a Jewish dress manufacturer and close friend of the Kennedy family. Princess Elizabeth is the only daughter of Prince Paul of Yugoslavia (who served as regent for his cousin's eldest son King Peter II of Yugoslavia) and Princess Olga of Greece and Denmark. She has a full sister, Catherine Oxenberg, and a half-brother on her mother’s side, Neil Balfour (born 1970). On her father’s side she has two half-brothers, Starr and Robert Oxenberg, and a half-sister, Ashley Harcourt. Elizabeth is a maternal first cousin of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, and also a maternal second cousin of Queen Sofía of Spain and Charles, Prince of Wales, making Christina a third cousin of Felipe VI of Spain and Prince William, Duke of Cambridge. Through her maternal grandfather Prince Paul of Yugoslavia, of the House of Karađorđević, Christina is also a great-great-great-granddaughter of Karageorge, who started the First Serbian Uprising against the Ottoman Empire in 1804. Christina Oxenberg's maternal grandmother, Princess Olga, was the daughter of Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia and Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark, himself the son of another Romanov grand duchess, Queen Olga Konstantinovna of the Hellenes and her Danish-born husband King George of Greece, brother of Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom and the Empress Maria Fyodorovna. Princess Olga was the sister of Princess Marina, who married Prince George, Duke of Kent (an uncle of Queen Elizabeth II); and Olga/Marina were also paternal first cousins of the Duke of Edinburgh (husband of Queen Elizabeth II) through their respective fathers Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark and Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark, who were brothers. She attended 14 different schools in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Spain, including the Lycée Français Charles de Gaulle in Kensington, and graduated from the Colorado Rocky Mountain School in Carbondale, Colorado, in 1981. Career After high school, Oxenberg worked various jobs in New York ranging from a secretary to a roller-rink attendant. She would then go on a backpacking trip around the world before returning to New York City. Upon her return, Oxenberg secured a job at Studio 54. Between 1984 and 1985, she worked as a research assistant for historian, Hugh Montgomery-Massingberd, on his book Blenheim Revisited. In 1986, she published her first book, Taxi, a collection of celebrity anecdotes and personal observations revolving around experiences in taxicabs. In Taxi, Andy Warhol, Bob Costas, Douglas Fairbanks Jr., and numerous others are featured. Christina Oxenberg married painter Damian Elwes near Amman, Jordan, in May 1986. They later divorced. In 1994, Simon & Schuster commissioned Oxenberg to write a semi-autobiographical novel that would eventually be published as Royal Blue. The novel was released in 1997 in the United States and was published by Quartet in the United Kingdom in 1998. The book is fictional but contains true elements. The book received generally favorable reviews from publications like The Independent The Guardian, and The Times. As a result of the book, Oxenberg appeared on the cover of New York Magazine and was profiled in People. It was called "darkly funny" by the Chicago Tribune. In 2000, Oxenberg went on hiatus from writing and took a job at Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s Waterkeeper Alliance. Through that job she met Fernando Alvarez, a Peruvian businessman living in Banff, Alberta, Canada. The two discussed the possibility of a clothing line using Oxenberg's name. They designed, produced and wholesaled a collection of knitwear. The pair used fibers such as the guanaco from Patagonia, the suri-alpaca from the high Andes and the muskox from the indigenous population in the North West Territories of Canada. From 2002 to 2010, Oxenberg produced two clothing lines (Christina Oxenberg and Ox). Christina Oxenberg would go on to self-publish several collections of short stories between 2010 and 2014, including Do These Gloves Make My Ass Look Fat?, Life is Short: Read Short Stories, and When in Doubt...Double the Dosage. Additionally, her writing has appeared in publications like Allure, Penthouse, The Sunday Times, Takimag (where she published a weekly column), HuffPost (where she currently publishes weekly columns), and others. In 2011, she moved from the Northeastern United States to Key West, Florida. Many of the stories in her short story collections like Will Write for Compliments and Life is Short: Read Short Stories are about or set in Key West. Since 2012 Oxenberg has contributed articles to Key West weekly magazine Konk Life. In 2014, Oxenberg helped organize a visit by John Hemingway (Ernest Hemingway's grandson) to David Wolkowsky's Tennessee Williams Collection. In 2015, Christina Oxenberg moved to Serbia for a year to write and research her book, Royal Dynasty – An Insider's History of the Serbian Royal Family, which was published in Serbian in 2015 by the publisher, Laguna. For her work, Oxenberg received an award from the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts in 2016. In February 2018, Dynasty: A True Story was published in English in the UK by the publisher, Quartet Books. Subsequently, Oxenberg was interviewed by the Sunday Times, Radio Gorgeous and Tatler, and she presented the book at the Oxford Literary Festival on 22 March 2018. Bibliography Novels Royal Blue (SIMON & SCHUSTER 1997) Short story collections Taxi (QUARTET UK 1986) (non-fiction) Do These Gloves Make My Ass Look Fat? (2010) Will Write for Compliments (2012) Life is Short: Read Short Stories (2013) When in Doubt...Double the Dosage: Sharp, Short, Snappy Stories (2014) Genius (2015) Princess Margaret's Coat (2016) Autobiographies Royal Dynasty – An Insider's History of the Serbian Royal Family (LAGUNA SERBIA 2015) DYNASTY – A True Story (QUARTET UK 2017) Ancestry Christina Oxenberg is a direct descendant of Karageorge, a peasant and the modern liberator of Serbia and founder of the Karageorgevic Dynasty, of King George I of Greece, Tsar Alexander II of Russia, King George II of Great Britain and Empress Catherine II of Russia. References External links Official website 1962 births 20th-century American writers 21st-century American writers American people of Danish descent American people of Finnish descent American people of German-Russian descent American people of Russian-Jewish descent American people of Serbian descent American people of Swedish descent American Ashkenazi Jews American women writers Living people Karađorđević dynasty Christina Writers from New York City 21st-century American women

14879552

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGS14

RGS14

Regulator of G-protein signaling 14 (RGS14) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RGS14 gene. Function RGS14 is a member of the regulator of G protein signalling family. This protein contains one RGS domain, two Raf-like Ras-binding domains (RBDs), and one GoLoco motif. The protein attenuates the signaling activity of G-proteins by binding, through its GoLoco domain, to specific types of activated, GTP-bound G alpha subunits. Acting as a GTPase activating protein (GAP), the protein increases the rate of conversion of the GTP to GDP. This hydrolysis allows the G alpha subunits to bind G beta/gamma subunit heterodimers, forming inactive G-protein heterotrimers, thereby terminating the signal. Alternate transcriptional splice variants of this gene have been observed but have not been thoroughly characterized. Increasing the expression of the RGS14 protein in the V2 secondary visual cortex of mice promotes the conversion of short-term to long-term object-recognition memory. Conversely RGS14 is enriched in CA2 pyramidal neurons and suppresses synaptic plasticity of these synapses and hippocampal-based learning and memory. Interactions RGS14 has been shown to interact with: GNAI1 and GNAI3. References Further reading External links

36424857

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjersti%20Stub%C3%B8

Kjersti Stubø

Kjersti Aasan Stubø (born 25 April 1970) is a Norwegian Jazz musician vocalist, daughter and musical successor of Jazz guitarist Thorgeir Stubø (1943-1986), mother of elektronica musician Mathias Stubø (b. 1992), and sister of Jazz guitarist Håvard and theatre director Eirik Stubø. Career Stubø was born in Narvik, and studied jazz on the Jazz program at the Trondheim Music Conservatory (1991–93). Aged 14 she performed with her father, Thorgeir, who died from cancer two years later. During her studies in Trondheim she established her own Jazz orchestra Kjersti Stubø Band in 1991. Co-musicians on this project were Vigleik Storaas (piano), Tore Brunborg (saxophones), Odd Magne Gridseth (bass) and Ernst-Wiggo Sandbakk (drums). With a different lineup Vigleik Storaas (piano), Olaf Kamfjord (bass) and Per Oddvar Johansen (drums), she released an album in 2001. In 2010 there was a third lineup with Jørn Øien (piano), Magne Thormodsæter (bass) and Håkon Mjåset Johansen (drums). They performed at several festivals and released the record How High is the Sky in 2011. Stubø also joined the vocal band Kvitretten on their releases in 1991-97, and Ernst-Wiggo Sandbakk in his project Oofotr. She has appeared on many national jazz festivals, in 1999 with Herbie Hancock on the Kongsberg Jazz Festival, but also the Scandinavian scenes, in Umeå International Jazz Festival and Haparanda/Torneå Jazz Festival. In 2009 she started a cooperation with MiNensemblet, and has performed with international artists like Doug Raney and Bernt Rosengren. In addition she has participated on numerous albums and/or performed live with Terri Lyne Carrington, Ira Coleman, Doug Raney, Jesper Lundgaard, Palle Mikkelborg, Svein Olav Herstad, Håkon Mjåset Johansen, Daniel Franck, Ernst-Wiggo Sandbakk, Jørn Øien, Håvard Stubø, Thorgeir Stubø, Vigleik Storaas, Per Oddvar Johansen, Per Mathisen, Jan Gunnar Hoff, Olga Konkova, Hallgeir Pedersen, Mimmi Hammar, Alex Acuna, Frode Nymo, Tore Johansen, Roger Johansen, Terje Venaas, Bjørn Alterhaug Discography With Kjersti Stubø Quartet 2001: My Shining Hour (Blue Jersey) 2011: How High is the Sky (Bolage) With Kjersti Stubø Quintet 2018: Notis (Bolage), (Jørn Øien, Håvard Stubø, Mats Eilertsen, Håkon Mjåset Johansen) Within Oofotr 1995: Oofotr (Norske Gram) 2001: Oofotr II (Heilo) Within Kvitretten 1996: Voices (Curling Legs) With a tribute to DumDum Boys 1999: Solide Saker (Norska Jv) References Norwegian jazz composers Norwegian women jazz singers Grappa Music artists Heilo Music artists Norwegian University of Science and Technology alumni Musicians from Narvik Living people 1970 births 20th-century Norwegian women singers 21st-century Norwegian women singers Oofotr members

62955464

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordm%C3%B8re%20og%20Romsdal%20Fotballkrets

Nordmøre og Romsdal Fotballkrets

The Nordmøre og Romsdal Fotballkrets (English: Nordmøre and Romsdal Football Association) is one of the 18 district organisations of the Norwegian Football Federation. It administers lower tier football in the traditional districts of Nordmøre and Romsdal. Background Nordmøre og Romsdal Fotballkrets, is the governing body for football in the traditional districts of Nordmøre and Romsdal, which today is a part of the county Møre og Romsdal. The Association currently has 59 member clubs. Based in Molde, the Association's Chairman is Evy Austad. Affiliated members The following 59 clubs are affiliated to the Nordmøre og Romsdal Fotballkrets: Åndalsnes IF Aure IL IL Averøykameratene Bæverfjord IL Batnfjord IL Bjørset FK Bøfjord IL Bolsøya IL IL Braatt IL Bryn Bud IL Clausenengen FK Dahle IL Eide og Omegn FK Eidsøra IL Eidsvåg IL Ekko/Aureosen IL Elnesvågen og Omegn IL Eresfjord og Vistdal FK Ertvågsøya IL Fiksdal/Rekdal BK Frei FK IL Goma Gossen IL IL Grykameratene Halsa IL Hjelset-Kleive Fotball Innfjorden IL Isfjorden IL Kristiansund BK Kristiansund FK Kvass/Ulvungen FK Kårvåg/Havørn Fotball Langfjorden FK Malmefjorden IL Meek IL Midsund IL Molde FK Molde Studentenes IL Måndalen IL IL Nordlandet Øksendal IL Øvre Surnadal IL Reinsfjell FK SK Rival IL Samhald Skåla IL Smøla IL IL Søya Straumsnes IL Sunndal IL Fotball Surnadal IL Tingvoll IL Todalen IL Tomrefjord IL SK Træff Valsøyfjord IL Vestnes Varfjell IL Vågstranda IL League competitions Nordmøre og Romsdal Fotballkrets run the following league competitions: Men's football 4. divisjon - one section 5. divisjon - one section 6. divisjon - three sections Women's football 3. divisjon - one section References External links Nordmøre og Romsdal Sport in Møre og Romsdal

12774624

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staten%20Island%20Light

Staten Island Light

The Staten Island Range Light, also known as the Ambrose Channel Range Light, is the rear range light companion to the West Bank Lighthouse. Built in 1912, the 90-foot tower sits more than five miles northwest of the West Bank Lighthouse, on Staten Island’s Richmond Hill (Lighthouse Hill), 141 feet above sea level. It shows a fixed white light that can be seen for 18 miles, by all vessels bound to New York and New Jersey Ports coming in from the Atlantic Ocean (on range only). The original hardware, including the second magnitude Fresnel lens and glass reflector, remain in place. However, the original mineral oil-burning lamp has since been replaced with a 1000 watt General Electric-manufactured Airway Signal incandescent lamp, with the backup light, which automatically turns on in the event of primary lamp failure, being the same. Many lighthouses have transitioned to LED systems, but this legacy equipment remains in use at this light. The Staten Island Range Light also has a second light, the Swash Channel Rear Light. This light is also a steady white light beacon, and shines continuously 24 hours a day. The Swash Channel is not a major shipping lane like the Ambrose Channel. Rather, it is akin to a "secondary road," connecting the Ambrose Channel with the Sandy Hook Channel. This secondary light is not within the lantern room, as is the main light, the Rear Ambrose Channel Light. Both the Ambrose Channel Light, as well as the Swash Channel Light, have backup lights independent from each of the main lighting systems (and the main systems' backup lamps). Neither light blinks or rotates, and each is only visible on range. Additionally, the Staten Island Range Light may be powered by banks of on-site batteries in the event of power failure. It was designated a New York City Landmark in 1968 and remains a valuable aid to navigation for ships entering the Ambrose Channel in Lower New York Bay. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. See also List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Staten Island National Register of Historic Places listings in Richmond County, New York References External links Lighthouse Friends site (photo) National Lighthouse Museum (photo) USCG list of Fresnel lenses still in operation December 2008 Coast Guard list of Lighthouses Coast Guard list of assets National Park Service's Maritime Heritage Program's Inventory of Historic Light Stations National Park Service's Maritime Heritage Program's Inventory of NY Historic Light Stations Lighthouses completed in 1912 Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in New York City Lighthouses in Staten Island New York City Designated Landmarks in Staten Island 1912 establishments in New York City National Register of Historic Places in Staten Island

18046318

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/960th%20Airborne%20Air%20Control%20Squadron

960th Airborne Air Control Squadron

The 960th Airborne Air Control Squadron is part of the 552d Air Control Wing at Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma. It operates the E-3 Sentry aircraft conducting airborne command and control missions. The first predecessor of the squadron was activated in the buildup for World War II as the 60th Bombardment Squadron. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, it flew antisubmarine patrols off the north Pacific coast. It then became a heavy bomber training unit until inactivating in the spring of 1944 when the Army Air Forces reorganized its training and support units in the United States. It was immediately reactivated as a Boeing B-29 Superfortress unit. After training in the United States, it moved to Guam, where it participated in the strategic bombing campaign against Japan, earning two Distinguished Unit Citations for its actions. Following V-J Day, it returned to the United States and was inactivated in 1945. The squadron's second predecessor was activated in 1955 as the 960th Airborne Early Warning and Control Squadron. It provided early warning off the Atlantic coast of the United States until 1969. The squadron also provided aircraft and aircrew for Lockheed C-121 missions in Southeast Asa. It was reactivated in 1979 as the 960th Airborne Air Control Support Squadron. The two squadrons were consolidated in 1985. Mission Provide the Combat Air Force with airborne systems and personnel for surveillance, warning and control of strategic, tactical, and special mission forces. History World War II Organization and crew training Established as a pre-World War II B-17 Flying Fortress bomber squadron, activated at Fort Douglas, Utah in January 1941. After training, was assigned to Gieger Field, Washington as part of the Army Air Corps Northwest Air District in July. After the Pearl Harbor Attack, the squadron initially flew antisubmarine patrols along the Northwest Pacific Coastline. Reassigned to II Bomber Command at Davis-Monthan Field, Arizona in February 1942 where the parent group became a B-17 Operational Training (OTU) unit for newly formed heavy bomb groups; operated as a training squadron for new and later replacement bomber crew members. Inactivated on 1 April 1944 with the end of heavy bomber training. B-29 Superfortress operations against Japan Re-designated on 1 April 1944 as a B-29 Superfortress Very Heavy bombardment squadron. When training was completed moved to North Field Guam in the Mariana Islands of the Central Pacific Area in January 1945 and assigned to XXI Bomber Command, Twentieth Air Force. Its mission was the strategic bombardment of the Japanese Home Islands and the destruction of its war-making capability. Flew "shakedown" missions against Japanese targets on Moen Island, Truk, and other points in the Carolines and Marianas. The squadron began combat missions over Japan on 25 February 1945 with a firebombing mission over Northeast Tokyo. The squadron continued to participate in wide area firebombing attack, but the first ten-day blitz resulting in the Army Air Forces running out of incendiary bombs. Until then the squadron flew conventional strategic bombing missions using high explosive bombs. The squadron continued attacking urban areas with incendiary raids until the end of the war in August 1945, attacking major Japanese cities, causing massive destruction of urbanized areas. Also conducted raids against strategic objectives, bombing aircraft factories, chemical plants, oil refineries, and other targets in Japan. The squadron flew its last combat missions on 14 August when hostilities ended. Afterwards, its B 29s carried relief supplies to Allied prisoner of war camps in Japan and Manchuria Squadron remained in Western Pacific, although largely demobilized in the fall of 1945. Some aircraft scrapped on Tinian; others flown to storage depots in the United States. Inactivated as part of Army Service forces at the end of 1945. Air Defense Command It provided early warning radar surveillance along the East Coast of the United States from, 1955–1969. It supported two deployed rotating aircraft with crews in Iceland to provide early detection of Soviet aircraft flying between Iceland and Greenland from, 1979–1992. Airborne air control Operations and decorations Combat Operations: Conducted bombardment missions against Japan, c. 6Apr-14 Aug 1945. Supported two deployed rotating aircraft with crews in Iceland to provide early detection of Soviet aircraft flying between Iceland and Greenland, 1979–1992. Campaigns: World War II: Western Pacific; Air Offensive, Japan. Decorations: Distinguished Unit Citations: Japan, 10 May 1945; Tokyo and Yokohama, Japan, 23–29 May 1945. Air Force Outstanding Unit Awards: 1 Jul 1957-31 Oct 1958; [1 Sep 1979]-30 Jun 1980; 1 Jul 1982-30 Jun 1984; 1 Apr 1987-31 Mar 1989; 1 Dec 1989-1 Dec 1991. Lineage 60th Bombardment Squadron Constituted as the 60th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 20 November 1940 Activated on 15 January 1941 Inactivated on 1 April 1944 Redesignated 60th Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy and activated, on 1 April 1944 Inactivated on 27 December 1945 Consolidated with the 960th Airborne Air Control Squadron as the 960th Airborne Air Control Squadron on 19 September 1985 960th Airborne Air Control Squadron Constituted as the 960th Airborne Early Warning and Control Squadron on 8 December 1954 Activated on 8 March 1955 Inactivated on 31 July 1969 Redesignated 960th Airborne Warning and Control Support Squadron on 31 July 1979 Activated on 1 September 1979 Redesignated 960th Airborne Warning and Control Squadron on 1 January 1982 Consolidated with the 60th Bombardment Squadron which on 19 September 1985 Inactivated on 1 July 1992 Redesignated 960th Airborne Air Control Squadron on 26 January 2001 Activated on 1 March 2001. Assignments 39th Bombardment Group, 15 January 1941 – 1 April 1944 39th Bombardment Group, 1 April 1944 – 27 December 1945 551st Airborne Early Warning and Control Wing, 8 March 1955 – 31 July 1969 552d Airborne Warning and Control Wing (later 552d Airborne Warning and Control Division), 1 September 1979 28th Air Division, 1 April 1985 552d Operations Group, 29 May – 1 July 1992 552d Operations Group, 1 March 2001 – present Stations Fort Douglas, Utah, 15 January 1941 Felts Field, Washington, 2 June 1941 Geiger Field, Washington, 2 July 1941 Davis-Monthan Field, Arizona, 2 February 1942 – 1 April 1944 Smoky Hill Army Air Field, Kansas, 1 April 1944 Dalhart Army Air Field, Texas, 27 May 1944 Smoky Hill Army Air Field, Kansas, 17 July 1944 – 8 January 1945 North Field, Guam, 18 February – 16 November 1945 Camp Anza, California, 15–27 December 1945 Otis Air Force Base, Massachusetts, 8 March 1955 – 31 July 1969 Naval Air Station Keflavik, Iceland, 1 September 1979 – 1 July 1992 Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma, 1 March 2001 – present Aircraft Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress (1941–1942) North American B-25 Mitchell (1941) Consolidated B-24 Liberator (1942–1944) Boeing B-29 Superfortress (1944–1945) Lockheed RC-121 Warning Star (1955–1969) Lockheed EC-121 Warning Star (1955–1969) E-3 Sentry (1979–1992, 2001–present) References Notes Bibliography External links 552d Operations Group Fact Sheet Military units and formations in Oklahoma 960

28637078

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luang%20Ta

Luang Ta

Luang Ta is a 1980 Thai film directed by Permphol Cheyaroon. It was entered into the 31st Berlin International Film Festival. Cast Chatupol Bhuapirom Lotok Supansa Nuanbhirom References External links 1980 films Thai films Thai-language films Thai national heritage films

7124890

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selina%20Dolaro

Selina Dolaro

Selina Simmons Belasco Dolaro (20 August 1849 – 23 January 1889) was an English singer, actress, theatre manager and writer of the late Victorian era. During her career in operetta and other forms of musical theatre, she managed several of her own opera companies and directed the Royalty Theatre in London. She is best remembered as a producer of the original production of Trial by Jury by Gilbert and Sullivan. Dolaro sang the title role in the opera Carmen in the first English language version of that opera with the Carl Rosa Opera Company. She also wrote plays and novels. Early life Dolaro was born in London to Jewish parents, Benjamin Simmons, a violinist and conductor, and Julia (née Lewis). She received early music lessons from her father's colleagues, and she attended the Paris Conservatory as a teenager. In 1865, at the age of sixteen, she married Isaac Dolaro Belasco, an Italian Jew of Spanish descent, in Upper Kennington, with whom she had four children; they divorced in 1873. By 1870, she had adopted Dolaro as her stage name. Career in England Dolaro made her stage debut at the Lyceum Theatre, in the role of the Spanish princess, Galsuinda, in Hervé's operetta Chilpéric in 1870 and soon played there in Offenbach operettas. Successes at various London theatres followed: After a season at the Gaiety Theatre, London, Dolaro starred in an English-language Offenbach adaptation called Breaking the Spell, on tour with Fred Sullivan's Operetta Company in 1871. In 1872 Dolaro was a leading performer in H. B. Farnie's English-language adaptation of Offenbach's Geneviève de Brabant, in Hervé's Doctor Faust and in a burlesque of Ferdinand Hérold's Zampa ("Charmingly sung by Miss Dolaro in imitation of Mdlle Chaumont", said The Times) She also appeared in the title role of Bizet's Carmen in the first English-language production, with the Carl Rosa Opera Company, opposite Durward Lely as Don José. In 1873, Dolaro divorced her husband on the grounds of his adultery and desertion; she brought up her two sons and two daughters on her own income. By January 1875, Dolaro was director of the Royalty Theatre, where her father served as musical director. She starred as the title character in Offenbach's La Périchole, uniting "vivacity as an actress" with "taste and skill as a singer". As a replacement afterpiece to La Périchole, her new theatre manager, Richard D'Oyly Carte, commissioned Trial by Jury from W. S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan. Sullivan conducted the opening night performance of Trial on 25 March, but Dolaro's father generally conducted the orchestra thereafter until the end of its initial run on 12 June 1875. Dolaro took her Madame Selina Dolaro's Comic Opera Co. on tour between 13 June and 10 October 1875, as the theatre was closed during the hot summer months. On their return, Charles Morton became manager of the theatre. Dolaro returned to the position in January 1876 when, again working with Carte, she played Malvina in The Duke's Daughter. Dolaro continued to perform both in London and on tour, appearing at the Alhambra Theatre in 1877. In 1879 she worked at the Folly Theatre, which she also managed for the time. In the United States Dolaro travelled to the United States that autumn, appearing in October at the Academy of Music in New York City in the title role of Carmen, but reviews were mixed, with one critic commenting that she seemed "much more at home" performing in burlesque and comic opera. She then joined a touring comic opera troupe before returning to London. In 1880 she appeared again at the Globe Theatre as Cerisette in Farnie & Genee's The Naval Cadets. Soon thereafter she moved to New York, where she spent the next few seasons performing in comic opera. There, she worked under Carte's agency while appearing as Girola in Bucalossi's Les Manteaux Noirs and Katrina in Robert Planquette's Rip van Winkle and as the Fairy Queen in Gilbert and Sullivan's Iolanthe, all in 1882 at the Standard Theatre. The same year she played the title role in Olivette at the Bijou Opera House. In 1883, an opinion piece in the New York Herald by a Reverend Philip Germond denounced "play-acting as a godless life". Dolaro responded with a spirited defence of her profession: "Had I not been ‘launched’ on this ‘godless life,’ I should probably have been a burden to some parish or perhaps launched on what I regard as indeed a godless life. ... Is it not enough that we must slave as we do to earn the means to educate and train our children so as to enable them to become useful members of society without being assailed even from the pulpit with such outrageous slander?” Dolaro's last part was Minnie Marden in an adaptation of Victorien Sardou's Agnes in 1886. Health decline and death Soon after her performance in Agnes Dolaro's health began to decline as she began to struggle with tuberculosis. Her last appearance was in New York as a supernumerary in a benefit production of Hamlet for Lester Wallack, played at Daly's Theatre in May 1888. She died of a stroke in New York City in January 1889 at the age of 39 and was buried in the Beth Olam Cemetery in New York City. Publications Dolaro's play, In the Fashion (later known only as Fashion), ran in New York between 1887 and 1888. Her Mes amours: Poems, Passionate and Playful, based on love letters that she had received, was published in 1888. She also wrote a play called Justine. Dolaro also wrote novels, including: The Princess Daphne, Belford, Clarke & Co. (US), 1888 (Edward Heron-Allen with Selina Dolaro – a tale of psychic vampirism, involving mesmerism, doppelgangers and metapsychosis) Bella Demonia, Belford, Clarke & Co. (US), [c.1889] (ghost written for Dolaro by Heron-Allen – an historical novel concerning the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78), published shortly after her death by Lippincott's Magazine The Vengeance of Maurice Denalguez, Belford, Clarke & Co. (US), [c.1889] (ghost written for Dolaro by Heron-Allen) Notes References Adams, William Davenport. A dictionary of the drama (1904) Chatto & Windus. External links Includes some information about some of Dolaro's writings Profile and photo Included the announcement for Trial by Jury 1849 births 1889 deaths Tuberculosis deaths in New York (state) 19th-century English businesswomen 19th-century British women singers 19th-century theatre managers Actor-managers Actresses from London Businesspeople from London Conservatoire de Paris alumni English theatre managers and producers Jewish British actresses People associated with Gilbert and Sullivan Singers from London Women theatre managers and producers 19th-century deaths from tuberculosis Deaths from cerebrovascular disease

25166015

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeSoto%20High%20School

DeSoto High School

DeSoto High School can refer to: DeSoto High School (Texas), DeSoto, Texas De Soto High School (Kansas), De Soto, Kansas De Soto High School (Wisconsin), De Soto, Wisconsin De Soto High School (Missouri), De Soto, Missouri See also DeSoto Central High School, Southaven, Mississippi DeSoto County High School, Arcadia, Florida

28156095

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmanje%20Jagannatha%20Shetty

Kalmanje Jagannatha Shetty

Kalmanje Jagannatha Shetty (15 December 1926 – 7 April 2015) was a former judge of Supreme Court of India and retired Chief Justice of the Allahabad High Court who also served as acting chief justice of the Karnataka High Court. He was also the first Chairman of the National Pay Commission. Bio Born in a family of Ambalpadi-Udupi, Karnataka, India. Shetty graduated from the St. Aloysius College (Mangalore) in 1951 and later studied law in Osmania University in Hyderabad, India. He also obtained a master's degree in law while practicing as an advocate in the period between 1954 and 1956. He has had an extensive practice in all branches of law and in particular, Civil, Service and Constitutional matters. References 1926 births 2015 deaths People from Udupi Tulu people Justices of the Supreme Court of India Chief Justices of the Allahabad High Court Judges of the Karnataka High Court 20th-century Indian judges

60638495

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manie%20Sacks

Manie Sacks

Emanuel "Manie" Sacks was a music and television executive who worked for Columbia Records, RCA Victor and NBC. He worked closely with artists such as George Burns, Jack Benny, Dinah Shore, Harry James and others. In 1942, Sacks helped start Frank Sinatra's solo career and became a close friend. Early life Sacks grew up in Philadelphia. He enrolled in Pennsylvania Military Preparatory School (PMPS) in 1918 and became a cadet in 1920. He played on the football team and graduated class of 1924. Sacks briefly worked for his father's company as a clothing salesman but left to go into the entertainment business. Career Sacks worked at WCAU in Philadelphia in public relations and as head of the Artists Bureau. In 1936, he left to become an agent for the Music Corporation of America in New York City. He booked appearances for celebrities and tended to personal and professional issues. While at MCA, Sacks met and became friends with Jack Benny. He worked at MCA for seven years. Columbia In 1940, Sacks became vice president at Columbia Records in charge of pop music artists. His job included picking songs, singers, bandleaders and arrangers. He was 39 when World War II started which meant he was not drafted and instead stayed in New York working with artists such as Frank Sinatra, Dinah Shore, Harry James and Doris Day. When Sacks moved to Columbia Records, he convinced Benny to move his show (which had high ratings) from NBC to CBS. Benny recommended his friends George Burns and Edgar Bergen switch also. The programs helped CBS become the top-rated network. Sacks signed trumpet player Harry James to Columbia and helped James change his image. It led to James becoming an actor on romantic movies where he met his future wife, Betty Grable. Sacks was the best man at their wedding and the godfather of their first child. Long-playing records (LP) were introduced while Sacks was vice-president at Columbia. The first LP release was "The Voice of Frank Sinatra" in July 1948. NBC and RCA Victor In February 1950, Sacks was hired as Director of Artist Relations of RCA Victor. In December 1950 he was named Staff Vice President. In January 1953, he was named vice president and general manager of RCA Victor. In August 1953, he was Staff Vice President of NBC (in addition to his two other positions). He led RCA during their first releases of stereo albums to the market. In November 1956, he was promoted to Vice President, NBC Television Network, Talent and Programs. Frank Sinatra In 1942, Sacks helped Sinatra get out of his contract with Tommy Dorsey. In return, Sinatra signed with Columbia. The two became close friends. In a CBS television tribute, Sinatra said, “There’s a little bit of Manie in everything good that has ever happened to me … Whenever I was in trouble and needed help, I yelled for Manie.” Sinatra also said of Sacks, "At my time of life I look back, and I can count on the fingers of one hand the people who were true friends. Manie and his brother Lester were two of those. They never tried to exploit me." When Sacks found out he had leukemia (at 52 years old), he only told his family and Sinatra. Sinatra flew to Philadelphia to be with Sacks the day before he died. Personal life Sacks was never married. In addition to his close friendship with Sinatra, he was close friends with businessman John B. Kelly Sr. Kelly considered Sacks part of the family. Sacks was president of Beth Israel Synagogue in Philadelphia and on the board of directors of the Albert Einstein Medical Center in Philadelphia. He was also a trustee of the Pennsylvania Military College. In 1953, he was named Philadelphia's Man of the Year. Legacy After his death, NBC aired a 90-minute telecast in honor of Sacks. Performers included Bob Hope, Sid Caesar, Rosemary Clooney, Perry Como, Dinah Shore, Frank Sinatra, Jack Webb, Betty Grable, Nat King Cole, and Perry Como. The performers all worked for union minimum so the excess (over $200,000) could be donated to the Emanuel Sacks Foundation. In 1959, the Albert Einstein Medical Center in Philadelphia dedicated the Emanuel Sacks Hematology Department in his honor. References External links 1902 births 1958 deaths American talent agents American music industry executives Columbia Records NBC executives People from Philadelphia Frank Sinatra

14459956

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350%20Detroit%20Red%20Wings%20season

1949–50 Detroit Red Wings season

The 1949–50 Detroit Red Wings season saw the team finish in first place in the National Hockey League (NHL) with a record of 37 wins, 19 losses, and 14 ties for 88 points. They defeated the Toronto Maple Leafs in seven games in the Semi-finals before downing the New York Rangers in the Stanley Cup Finals, also in seven games. Offseason Regular season Final standings Record vs. opponents Schedule and results Player statistics Regular season Scoring Goaltending Playoffs Scoring Goaltending Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; +/- = Plus-minus PIM = Penalty minutes; PPG = Power-play goals; SHG = Short-handed goals; GWG = Game-winning goals;       MIN = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GA = Goals against; GAA = Goals-against average; SO = Shutouts; Playoffs Stanley Cup Finals Detroit Red Wings vs. New York Rangers † Played in Toronto. Detroit wins best-of-seven series four games to three Awards and records Prince of Wales Trophy Art Ross Trophy: || Ted Lindsay Sid Abel, Centre, NHL First Team All-Star Gordie Howe, Right Wing, NHL Second Team All-Star Red Kelly, Defence, NHL Second Team All-Star Ted Lindsay, Left Wing, NHL First Team All-Star Leo Reise, Defence, NHL Second Team All-Star See also 1950 in Michigan References Red Wings on Hockey Database Detroit Detroit Detroit Red Wings seasons Stanley Cup championship seasons Detroit Red Wings Detroit Red Wings

48419491

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovelite%20%28band%29

Lovelite (band)

Lovelite is an American Christian music pop rock worship band from Southern California, where they play a version of Christian rock, CCM, indie rock, and synthpop music. Their two main members are husband-and-wife, Andrew and Jen Polfer. They have released four extended plays and three studio albums, mostly with Come&Live! Records, where they got attention for In Three Persons. Background Lovelite is a Southern California-based Christian pop rock worship group, established in 2008, who are a co-lead vocalist husband-and-wife lead band Andrew Polfer and Jen Polfer, where she is a keyboardist, Brandon Burr, a keyboardist and bassist, and Jonathan Hall, a keyboardist and guitarist. Their former members were guitarist and keyboardist, Adam Taylor, and drummer, Darla Hawn. Music history The band started as a musical entity in 2008, where they drew the most attention for the studio album, In Three Persons, that was released on June 12, 2012, from Come&Live! Records. Recently, Andrew Polfer co-wrote the song 'Body Mind & Soul' with Phil Wickham. It appears on Wickham's Living Hope album (2019). Members Current members Andrew Polfer - vocals, guitar Jen Polfer - vocals, guitar, keys Brandon Burr - bass, keys Jonathan Hall - guitar, keys Former members Adam Taylor - guitar, keys Darla Hawn - drums Discography Independent albums All Color (2008) Studio albums All Color (2009, Come&Live!) Nearness (2010, Come&Live!) In Three Persons (2012, Come&Live!) EPs The Faithful Father (2011/12, Come&Live!) His Beloved Son (2011/12, Come&Live!) Our Holy Ghost (2011/12, Come&Live!) Hopeful Strangers (October 30, 2015, Independent) References External links Official website Musical groups from California 2008 establishments in California Musical groups established in 2008

25157418

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaemonetes%20paludosus

Palaemonetes paludosus

Palaemonetes paludosus, known as ghost shrimp, glass shrimp, and eastern grass shrimp, is a species of freshwater shrimp from the southeastern United States. Description Palaemonetes paludosus is up to long and largely transparent. By manipulating the pigment granules in its body, it can produce effective camouflage against its background. It is very similar to P. kadiakensis, from which it can be distinguished by the arrangement of spines on the telson. Distribution Palaemonetes paludosus is common in southern states east of the Appalachian Mountains. It is also found in Louisiana, where it may not be native, and there are scattered records from further west, in Texas and California. Their distribution is due to decreased susceptibility to predation because of complexity in higher habitats in Polygonum beds Ecology Palaemonetes paludosus lives in fresh water or slightly brackish water, usually in lakes. It is nocturnal, remaining hidden among the vegetation by day, and emerging at night to feed on plankton. It is an important prey item for a number of birds and fishes, and may be considered a keystone species. References External links Palaemonoidea Freshwater crustaceans of North America Crustaceans described in 1850

35965744

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braddy%20Field

Braddy Field

Robert "Bob" Braddy Field is a baseball venue in Jackson, Mississippi, United States. It is home to the Jackson State Tigers baseball team of the NCAA Division I Southwestern Athletic Conference. Originally known as Jackson State University Baseball Complex, it was renamed prior to the 2010 season for Jackson State athletic director Robert Braddy. Opened in 2006, the facility has a capacity of 800 spectators. In addition to Jackson State baseball, the field has hosted events of the Mississippi RBI (Reviving Baseball in Inner Cities) Program. See also List of NCAA Division I baseball venues References College baseball venues in the United States Baseball venues in Mississippi Jackson State Tigers baseball 2006 establishments in Mississippi Sports venues completed in 2006

35745841

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudaphaenops

Pseudaphaenops

Pseudaphaenops is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species: Pseudaphaenops jocobsoni Pliginskiy, 1912 Pseudaphaenops tauricus Winkler, 1912 References Trechinae

3837536

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risto%20Stijovi%C4%87

Risto Stijović

Risto Stijović (; 8 October 1894 Podgorica, Principality of Montenegro – 20 December 1974 Belgrade, SR Serbia, SFRY) was a Yugoslav and Serbian sculptor, considered to be one of the most original artists of his time. Biography He was born in centre of Montenegrin capital Podgorica. In 1912 he enrolled in Serbian school of fine arts in the class of Đorđe Jovanović. Stijović described himself as an ethnic Serb. After the war broke out he joined the Serbian Army and retreated across Albania to Corfu. In 1916 he moved to Marseille, furthering his education at Marseille art school on French government scholarship, and then on to Paris the following year, where he continued at École des Beaux-Arts. He lived for years in Paris, where he met his wife, Jeanette, whom he married in 1922. Considered one of the most talented sculptors of the early 1920s, he exhibited together with Picasso, Matisse, Pompon and Maillol. In 1928 he moved back to Belgrade where he became professor at Third Male Gymnasium. In 1941 he was arrested and imprisoned in Banjica concentration camp, where he spent the rest of WW2. After the war he continued his life in Belgrade, becoming a member of SASA in 1965. He died in Belgrade in 1974. He was buried in the Čepurci cemetery of Podgorica. Stijović's work was inspired by Yugoslav nature and culture. He is considered to be the most important sculptor from Montenegro. He is considered to be a master of sculpturing animal figures. References External links Montenegrin Art/Sculpture Legacy Yugoslav artists Yugoslav sculptors Montenegrin sculptors Artists from Podgorica 1894 births 1974 deaths 20th-century sculptors

68412858

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichneutica%20seducta

Ichneutica seducta

Ichneutica seducta is a moth of the family Noctuidae. This species is endemic to New Zealand. It is found only in the Chatham Islands and inhabits native forest. The life history of this species is unknown but the larval host species is likely to be Dracophyllum arboreum. The adults of this species are on the wing from November to January and are attracted to light. Taxonomy This species was first described by Robert Hoare in 2019. The male holotype specimen was collected at Awatotara in the Chatham Islands by J. S. Dugdale and is held in the New Zealand Arthropod Collection. Description This species is variable in colour ranging from a pale grey ochreous colour to a bright orange brown. It has a single colour thorax which does not have any marks, dark coloured hindwings and has a large S shaped kidney mark on its forewings. It is unlikely to be confused with other moths in its range but the male genitalia of this species is very similar to I. semivittata. Distribution This species is endemic to New Zealand. This species is only known from the Chatham Islands and has been found on Chatham, Pitt and Rangatira Islands. Habitat This species has been collected in Chatham Islands native forest. Behaviour The adults of this species are on the wing from November to January and are attracted to light. Life history and host species [[File:Dracophyllum arboreum 119299822.jpg|thumb|left|Dracophyllum arboreum"" the likely larval host species of I. seducta]] The life history of this species is unknown but the larval host species is likely to be Dracophyllum arboreum''. References Moths described in 2019 Hadeninae Moths of New Zealand Endemic fauna of New Zealand Fauna of the Chatham Islands Taxa named by Robert Hoare

28421001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%20MTV%20Europe%20Music%20Awards

2010 MTV Europe Music Awards

The 2010 MTV Europe Music Awards took place on 7 November 2010 at Caja Mágica in Madrid, Spain. The awards ceremony was presented by Eva Longoria and Justin Bieber was the official MTV EMA 2010 digital host. Nominations were announced on 20 September. Lady Gaga topped the list of nominations with ten, followed by Katy Perry with five, Eminem with four and Thirty Seconds to Mars & Muse with three apiece. Thirty Seconds to Mars took the stage at the pre-show featuring surprise guest Kanye West at the Puerta de Alcalá. Shakira opened the show with "Loca", featuring Dizzee Rascal, and the official song of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, "Waka Waka". Performances by Katy Perry and Linkin Park were featured live from outdoor stage at Madrid's Puerta de Alcalá. Nominations Winners are in bold text. Regional nominations Winners are in bold text. Performances Digital show Katy Perry — "California Gurls" / "I Kissed a Girl" / "Peacock" / "Hot n Cold" / "Teenage Dream" Thirty Seconds to Mars — "Closer to the Edge" Pre show Thirty Seconds to Mars (featuring Kanye West) — "Hurricane / Power" Main show Shakira (featuring Dizzee Rascal) — "Loca" / "Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)" Kings of Leon — "Radioactive" Katy Perry — "Firework" Rihanna — "Only Girl (In the World)" Kid Rock — "Born Free" Linkin Park — "Waiting for the End" B.o.B (featuring Hayley Williams) — "Airplanes" Miley Cyrus — "Who Owns My Heart" Plan B — "She Said" Kesha — "Tik Tok" Bon Jovi — "What Do You Got?" / "You Give Love a Bad Name" / "It's My Life" Appearances Tim Kash — Red carpet host Taylor Momsen — presented Best New Act DJ Pauly D and Snooki — presented Best Pop Johnny Knoxville — presented Best Alternative Kelly Brook and David Bisbal — presented Best Video Emily Osment — presented Best Male Slash — presented Best Live Act The Dudesons — presented Best Hip-Hop Alaska and Joaquín Reyes — presented Best Spanish Act Thirty Seconds to Mars — presented Free Your Mind Miley Cyrus — presented Best Rock Dizzee Rascal — presented Best Female The Jackass Cast — presented Best Song Notable incidents During her acceptance speech for Best New Artist, Kesha directly addressed her fans, saying: "Hopefully I can inspire you to give your finger to the cynics and fucking be yourself!" Further controversy was raised by the cast of Jackass; when presenting the award, Jason "Wee-Man" Acuña removed his trousers to expose his fully nude lower body, displaying his genitals. It was not censored. See also 2010 MTV Video Music Awards References External links MTV Europe Music Awards Official show site 2010 2010 music awards 2010 in Spanish music Culture in Madrid 2010 in Madrid

1888067

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Policy%20Institute

Progressive Policy Institute

The Progressive Policy Institute (PPI) is a non-profit, 501(c)(3) organization that serves as a public policy think tank in the United States. The Democratic Leadership Council (DLC) founded it in 1989. The Washington Post has described it as "a centrist Democratic institution." Its current president is Will Marshall, who writes on foreign policy, defense, national service, globalization, trade policy, and cultural issues. The organization's executive director is Lindsay Lewis. Its chief economic strategist is Michael Mandel, who writes on innovation, growth, and regulatory policy. Several former leading government officials have held senior positions or affiliations with the organization, including William Galston, Austan Goolsbee, Elaine Kamarck, Bruce Reed, Andrew Rotherham, Robert J. Shapiro, Paul Weinstein, and Ed Gresser. In 2020, the Neoliberal Project joined as a new initiative of the Progressive Policy Institute. See also Democratic Leadership Council Policy Network Third Way (centrism) References External links Democratic Party (United States) organizations Organizations established in 1989 Political and economic think tanks in the United States Foreign policy and strategy think tanks in the United States Institutes based in the United States 501(c)(3) organizations

12857732

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackie%20Marriott

Jackie Marriott

John Leonard Marriott (1 April 1928 – 9 February 2016) was an English professional footballer who made more than 400 appearances in the Football League playing as an outside right for Sheffield Wednesday, Huddersfield Town and Scunthorpe United. References 1928 births 2016 deaths Sportspeople from Scunthorpe English footballers Association football wingers Scunthorpe United F.C. players Sheffield Wednesday F.C. players Huddersfield Town A.F.C. players Midland Football League players English Football League players

44976246

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dong%27ou%20%28disambiguation%29

Dong'ou (disambiguation)

Dong'ou or Eastern Ou was an ancient former kingdom in Zhejiang, China. Dong'ou (东瓯/東甌) may also refer to: Wenzhou, former capital of Dong'ou Kingdom Wenzhounese, a dialect of Wu Chinese Dong'ou Subdistrict (东瓯街道), a subdistrict of Wenzhou

51280724

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael%20Buzacarini

Rafael Buzacarini

Rafael Augusto Buzacarini (born 6 October 1991) is a heavyweight judoka from Brazil. He won a bronze medal at the 2014 Pan American Championships and qualified for the 2016 Olympics. He represented Brazil at the 2020 Summer Olympics. References External links 1991 births Living people Olympic judoka of Brazil Judoka at the 2016 Summer Olympics Brazilian male judoka Universiade medalists in judo Universiade bronze medalists for Brazil Medalists at the 2013 Summer Universiade Judoka at the 2020 Summer Olympics

56200016

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imbert%20de%20La%20Pl%C3%A2ti%C3%A8re

Imbert de La Plâtière

Imbert de La Platière, lord of Bourdillon (1516 - 1567), was a French army officer and Marshal of France in 1564. Biography A member of the Famille de La Platière, native of the region Nivernais, Imbert de la Platière, Lord of Bourdillon, Frasnay, Montigny-lès-Cherlieu, Saint-Sulpice, Saint-Aubin and Époisses, born in 1516 (he was still a minor when his father died in 1525), is the son of Philippe de la Platière, lord of the Bordes (maître d' hôtel of the king, captain of city Niort in 1520 and died in 1523) and Catherine de La Fayette. He is the nephew of Imbert de la Platière (d. 1519), Bishop of Nevers. Military career He participated in King Francis I of France's military campaigns in Champagne and Italy. He was at the Battle of Ceresole in 1544. He became bailli (governor) of Auxois in 1545, Maréchal de camp in 1552, Lieutenant general in charge of the government of Champagne and Brie (1553). He was at the relief of Thionville in 1558. Lieutenant général in Piedmont and governor of the Marquisate of Saluzzo he returned to France and on 22 December 1562, the Queen of France Catherine of Médicis gave him the dignity of Marshal of France. He died at Fontainebleau on 4 April 1567. He had no children and his niece Françoise de la Platière became his heiress. References Sources Adrien Bonvallet, Le château des Bordes et ses seigneurs: Étude Historique, Nevers, 1869. Marshals of France 1516 births 1567 deaths

62523651

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chime%20%28company%29

Chime (company)

Chime Financial, Inc. is an American financial technology company which provides fee-free mobile banking services provided by The Bancorp Bank or Stride Bank, N.A. Account-holders are issued Visa debit cards or credit cards and have access to an online banking system accessible through the company's website or via its mobile apps. Chime earns the majority of its revenue from the collection of interchange fees. Chime has no physical branches and does not charge monthly or overdraft fees. As of February 2020, Chime had 8 million account holders. Bank accounts provided via Chime's partners are insured up to the standard maximum deposit insurance amount of $250,000. History Chime was founded by Chris Britt (CEO) and Ryan King (CTO) in 2013 in San Francisco, California as an alternative to traditional banking with a mission of creating financial peace of mind. The company launched publicly on April 15, 2014 on the Dr. Phil Show. As of 2020, Chime has raised $1.5 billion in private funding. In 2018, Chime acquired Pinch, a startup focused on helping millennials and young adults build their credit scores by reporting on-time rent payments to credit bureaus. Pinch's co-founders joined Chime's team as a part of the acquisition. On October 16, 2019, Chime experienced a service outage leaving users without access to their deposits. The issue was resolved the next day. In January 2020, Chime announced a partnership with the Dallas Mavericks as their jersey sponsor as a part of a multi-year deal. In April 2020, in response to the financial strain of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chime announced a pilot program to provide users who e-filed tax returns with the IRS a $1,200 advance on the Economic Stimulus Payment via SpotMe, Chime's fee-free overdraft product. Chime later announced the successful processing of over $375,000,000 in stimulus payments 1 week ahead of the scheduled government disbursement date. In May 2021, the company agreed to stop using the term "bank" in marketing per complaints by the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation. In February 2022, Chime along with Meta Platforms sued 2 Nigerians accused of impersonating Chime on social media platforms. In February 2022, Chime announced it would delay its IPO until later in 2022. Account closures In July 2021, ProPublica published an article detailing Chime's record of closing customer accounts without notice or explanation, sometimes refusing to return customer deposits. Chime has attributed the closures to the accidental byproduct of fraud prevention. Funding In August 2021, Chime Financial raised $750 million in a series G funding round, led by investor Sequoia Capital Global Equities. This values the company at about $25 billion. Products Chime offers various fee-free banking products, including checking accounts with no minimum balance, an automated savings feature, and early wage access. In September 2019, Chime launched SpotMe, a fee-free overdraft service where customers can overdraw their accounts up to $100 without incurring an overdraft fee; once the overdraft limit is reached, purchases will be declined but no traditional negative balance fees charged. Chime launched Credit Builder in June 2020, a credit card designed to help consumers build their credit history. See also Financial technology Challenger bank Payment card industry References Financial technology companies Financial services companies of the United States 2013 establishments in the United States Companies based in San Francisco Neobanks

53593993

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersex%20rights%20in%20China

Intersex rights in China

Intersex rights in China including the People's Republic of China, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, etc., are protections and rights afforded to intersex people through legislation and regulation. Obligations also arise in United Nations member states that sign international human rights treaties, such as the People's Republic of China. Intersex people in China suffer discrimination. Issues include both lack of access to health care and coercive genital surgeries. History In February 2018, Asian intersex activists published the Statement of Intersex Asia and the Asian Intersex Forum, setting out local demands. Physical integrity and bodily autonomy Small Luk (Hong Kong) describes traditional Chinese society as patriarchal, promoting the sex assignment of intersex children as boys wherever possible. She states that the "one child policy" in mainland China led to the abandonment, neglect and deaths of many intersex infants. Both Luk and Taiwan activist Hiker Chiu have disclosed personal histories involving unwanted medical interventions. Chiu says that surgical "normalisation" practices began in Taiwan in 1953. Intersex medical interventions are encouraged as early as possible in both Hong Kong and the People's Republic. A 2014 clinical review of 22 infants with congenital adrenal hyperplasia in Hong Kong, for example, shows that all infants in the study received clitorectomies. It also showed a preference for early surgeries when infants are aged 1–2 years, and an assessment of surgical success focusing on genital appearance and necessity for further cosmetic surgeries. The cost of medical interventions in the People's Republic of China makes medical treatment inaccessible, resulting in fewer coercive interventions but exacerbating health issues for some individuals, and issues of abandonment and violence. In a submission to the United Nations Committee Against Torture in 2015, Beyond the Boundary - Knowing and Concerns Intersex raised concerns about lack of self-determination in Hong Kong and China, forced medical interventions in Hong Kong, lack of government assistance and marriage rights, and problems with violence and discrimination. In a response to submissions for Hong Kong, the United Nations Committee published recommendations calling for the postponement of "non-urgent, irreversible medical interventions" until children are old enough to provide full, free and informed consent. The committee called for an investigation into forced, involuntary and coercive practices in the People's Republic, along with measures to protect the autonomy and "physical and personal integrity of LGBTI persons". Protection from discrimination Press reports in 2015 and 2016 have provided examples of abandonment, neglect and even attempted murder. The South China Morning Post reported the abandonment of an intersex baby in a part in Shandong province in mid-2015, followed by allegations of attempts to murder an intersex infant as a "monster", in Henan province, in mid-2016. In 2017, the Hong Kong Equal Opportunities Commission together with the Gender Research Centre of the Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies at the Chinese University of Hong Kong asked the Hong Kong government to introduce legislation offering protection against discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation, gender identity and intersex status. Remedies and claims for compensation The United Nations Committee Against Torture has called for compensation for involuntary and medically unnecessary medical interventions in both the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong. Identification documents Small Luk has campaigned for self-determination of gender identity, and also for third gender recognition in Hong Kong. Rights advocacy in Greater China region The first people to publicly disclose being intersex were Hiker Chiu of Oii-Chinese, based in Taiwan and founded in 2008, and Small Luk of Beyond the Boundary - Knowing and Concerns Intersex, Hong Kong, founded in 2011. Chiu started a "free hugs with intersex" campaign at Taipei's LGBT Pride Parade in 2010. Oii-Chinese also gives lectures and lobbies government. The aims of Beyond the Boundary - Knowing and Concerns Intersex are to raise public awareness about intersex people and promote the rights of intersex people, including ending forced genital normalising surgery and conversion therapies. Luk urges the Hong Kong government to educate the public about intersex conditions, extend anti-discrimination laws to cover intersex people and stop foisting surgery on intersex children without consulting them. See also Oii-Chinese Intersex rights in Taiwan Intersex human rights LGBT rights in China Transgender in China References Bibliography

34487599

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guylaine%20Saucier

Guylaine Saucier

Guylaine Saucier , (born 10 June 1946), a Canadian, is the CEO of Gérard Saucier Ltée, a major group specialing in forestry products. She was the chairperson of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC). She is a member of the board of directors at Bank of Montreal and the Institute for Governance of Private and Public Organizations Biography Born in Noranda, Quebec, Saucier is a corporate director of the Bank of Montreal, Petro-Canada, AXA Assurances Areva, Groupe Danone, and Wendel. She is a former Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, a former director of the Bank of Canada, Altran Technologies SA from 2003 to 2007, CHC Helicopter Corporation from 2005 to 2008, Nortel Networks Corporation from 1997 to 2005 and Tembec Inc. from 1991 - 2005. She also served as a former Chair of the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants (CICA), a former director of the International Federation of Accountants, and was the first woman to serve as President of the Quebec Chamber of Commerce. She serves as a director of the Fondation du Musée des Beaux Arts. In 2001 she headed a Joint committee on corporate governance which reported to the Toronto Stock Exchange. Saucier obtained a B.A. from Collège Marguerite-Bourgeois and a B.Comm. from the École des Hautes Études Commerciales, Université de Montréal. She is a Fellow of the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants and a Member of the Order of Canada. In 2004, she received the Fellowship Award from the Institute of Corporate Directors, in 2007, she obtained the Institute Certified Designation from the Institute of Corporate Directors, and in 2010, Administrateur de Société Emérite from Collège des Administrateurs de sociétés. References External links https://web.archive.org/web/20141209232313/http://cfoy.ca/en/committee/view/Guylaine-Saucier 1946 births Living people Businesspeople in forest products companies Businesspeople in telecommunications Canadian chief executives Canadian corporate directors Canadian women business executives Canadian chairpersons of corporations Directors of Nortel Institute of Directors Members of the Order of Canada People from Rouyn-Noranda Université de Montréal alumni Women corporate directors Bank of Montreal people Petro-Canada people Groupe Danone people

28903916

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Left

American Left

The American Left consists of individuals and groups that have sought egalitarian changes in the economic, political and cultural institutions of the United States. Various subgroups with a national scope are active. Liberals and progressives believe that equality can be accommodated into existing capitalist structures, but they differ in their criticism of capitalism and on the extent of reform and the welfare state. Anarchists, communists and socialists with international imperatives are also present within this macro-movement. Many communes and egalitarian communities have existed in the United States as a sub-category of the broader intentional community movement, some of which were based on utopian socialist ideals. The left has been involved in both Democratic and Republican parties at different times, having originated in the Democratic-Republican Party as opposed to the Federalist Party. Although left-wing politics came to the United States in the 19th century, there are no major left-wing political parties in the United States, although there are left-wing factions within the Democratic Party, as well as small third parties such as the Green Party, Communist Party, Party for Socialism and Liberation, and Socialist Party; however, none of the parties have ever won a seat in congress. Academic scholars have long studied the reasons why no viable socialist parties have emerged in the United States. Some writers ascribe this to the failures of socialist organization and leadership, some to the incompatibility of socialism and American values and others to the limitations imposed by the United States Constitution. Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky were particularly concerned because it challenged orthodox Marxist beliefs that the most advanced industrial country would provide a model for the future of less developed nations. If socialism represented the future, then it should be strongest in the United States. While branches of the Working Men's Party were founded in the 1820s and 1830s in the United States, they advocated land reform, universal education and improved working conditions in the form of labor rights, not collective ownership, disappearing after their goals were taken up by Jacksonian democracy. Samuel Gompers, the leader of the American Federation of Labor, thought that workers must rely on themselves because any rights provided by government could be revoked. Economic unrest in the 1890s was represented by populism and the People's Party. Although using anti-capitalist rhetoric, it represented the views of small farmers who wanted to protect their own private property, not a call for communism, collectivism, or socialism. Progressives in the early 20th century criticized the way capitalism had developed but were essentially middle class and reformist; however, both populism and progressivism steered some people to left-wing politics and many popular writers of the progressive period were left-wing. Even the New Left relied on radical democratic traditions rather than left-wing ideology. Friedrich Engels thought that the lack of a feudal past was the reason for the American working class holding middle-class values. Writing at a time when American industry was developing quickly towards the mass-production system known as Fordism, Max Weber and Antonio Gramsci saw individualism and laissez-faire liberalism as core shared American beliefs. According to the historian David De Leon, American radicalism was rooted in libertarianism and syndicalism rather than communism, Fabianism and social democracy, being opposed to centralized power and collectivism. The character of the American political system is hostile toward third parties and has also been presented as a reason for the absence of a strong socialist party in the United States. Political repression has also contributed to the weakness of the left in the United States. Many cities had Red Squads to monitor and disrupt leftist groups in response to labor unrest such as the Haymarket Riot. During World War II, the Smith Act made membership in revolutionary groups illegal. After the war, Senator Joseph McCarthy used the Smith Act to launch a crusade (McCarthyism) to purge alleged communists from government and the media. In the 1960s, the FBI's COINTELPRO program monitored, infiltrated, disrupted and discredited radical groups in the United States. In 2008, Maryland police were revealed to have added the names and personal information of anti-war protesters and death penalty opponents to a database which was intended to be used for tracking terrorists. Terry Turchie, a former deputy assistant director of the FBI's Counter-terrorism Division, admitted that "one of the missions of the FBI in its counterintelligence efforts was to try to keep these people (progressives and self-described socialists) out of office." History Origins and developments (~1600s–1900s) Many indigenous tribes in North America practiced what Marxists would later call primitive communism, meaning they practiced economic cooperation among the members of their tribes. The first European socialists to arrive in North America were a Christian sect known as Labadists, who founded the commune of Bohemia Manor in 1683, about west of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Their communal way of life was based on the communal practices of the apostles and early Christians. The first secular American socialists were German Marxist immigrants who arrived following the Revolutions of 1848, also known as Forty-Eighters. Joseph Weydemeyer, a German colleague of Karl Marx who sought refuge in New York in 1851 following the 1848 revolutions, established the first Marxist journal in the U.S., called Die Revolution, but It folded after two issues. In 1852 he established the Proletarierbund, which would become the American Workers' League, the first Marxist organization in the U.S., but it too was short-lived, having failed to attract a native English-speaking membership. In 1866, William H. Sylvis formed the National Labor Union (NLU). Frederich Albert Sorge, a German who had found refuge in New York following the 1848 revolutions, took Local No. 5 of the NLU into the First International as Section One in the U.S. By 1872, there were 22 sections, which were able to hold a convention in New York. The General Council of the International moved to New York with Sorge as General Secretary, but following internal conflict, it dissolved in 1876. A larger wave of German immigrants followed in the 1870s and 1880s, which included social democratic followers of Ferdinand Lassalle. Lasalle believed that state aid through political action was the road to revolution and was opposed to trade unionism which he saw as futile, believing that according to the iron law of wages employers would only pay subsistence wages. The Lassalleans formed the Social Democratic Party of North America in 1874 and both Marxists and Lassalleans formed the Workingmen's Party of the United States in 1876. When the Lassalleans gained control in 1877, they changed the name to the Socialist Labor Party of North America (SLP). However, many socialists abandoned political action altogether and moved to trade unionism. Two former socialists, Adolph Strasser and Samuel Gompers, formed the American Federation of Labor (AFL) in 1886. Anarchists split from the Socialist Labor Party to form the Revolutionary Socialist Party in 1881. By 1885 they had 7,000 members, double the membership of the SLP. They were inspired by the International Anarchist Congress of 1881 in London. There were two federations in the United States that pledged adherence to the International. A convention of immigrant anarchists in Chicago formed the International Working People's Association (Black International), while a group of Native Americans in San Francisco formed the International Workingmen's Association (Red International). Following a violent demonstration at Haymarket in Chicago in 1886, public opinion turned against anarchism. While very little violence could be attributed to anarchists, the attempted murder of a financier by an anarchist in 1892 and the 1901 assassination of the American president, William McKinley, by a professed anarchist led to the ending of political asylum for anarchists in 1903. In 1919, following the Palmer Raids, anarchists were imprisoned and many, including Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman, were deported. Yet anarchism again reached great public notice with the trial of the anarchists Sacco and Vanzetti, who would be executed in 1927. Daniel De Leon, who became leader of the SLP in 1890, took it in a Marxist direction. Eugene V. Debs, who had been an organizer for the American Railway Union formed the rival Social Democratic Party of America in 1898. Members of the SLP, led by Morris Hillquit and opposed to the De Leon's domineering personal rule and his anti-AFL trade union policy joined with the Social Democrats to form the Socialist Party of America (SPA). In 1905, a convention of socialists, anarchists and trade unionists disenchanted with the bureaucracy and craft unionism of the AFL, founded the rival Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), led by such figures as William D. "Big Bill" Haywood, Helen Keller, De Leon and Debs. The organizers of the IWW disagreed on whether electoral politics could be employed to liberate the working class. Debs left the IWW in 1906, and De Leon was expelled in 1908, forming a rival "Chicago IWW" that was closely linked to the SLP. The (Minneapolis) IWW's ideology evolved into anarcho-syndicalism, or "revolutionary industrial unionism", and avoided electoral political activity altogether. It was successful organizing unskilled migratory workers in the lumber, agriculture, and construction trades in the Western states and immigrant textile workers in the Eastern states and occasionally accepted violence as part of industrial action. The SPA was divided between reformers who believed that socialism could be achieved through gradual reform of capitalism and revolutionaries who thought that socialism could only develop after capitalism was overthrown, but the party steered a center path between the two. The SPA achieved the peak of its success by 1912 when its presidential candidate received 5.9% of the popular vote. The first Socialist congressman, Victor L. Berger, had been elected in 1910. By the beginning of 1912, there were 1,039 Socialist officeholders, including 56 mayors, 305 aldermen and councilmen, 22 police officials, and some state legislators. Milwaukee, Berkeley, Butte, Schenectady, and Flint were run by Socialists. A Socialist challenger to Gompers took one-third of the vote in a challenge for leadership of the AFL. The SPA had 5 English and 8 foreign-language daily newspapers, 262 English and 36 foreign-language weeklies, and 10 English and 2 foreign-language monthlies. American entry into the First World War in 1917 led to a patriotic hysteria aimed against Germans, immigrants, African Americans, class-conscious workers, and Socialists, and the ensuing Espionage Act and Sedition Act were used against them. The government harassed Socialist newspapers, the post office denied the SP use of the mails, and antiwar militants were arrested. Soon Debs and more than sixty IWW leaders were charged under the acts. Communist–Socialist split, the New Deal and Red Scares (1910s–1940s) In 1919, John Reed, Benjamin Gitlow and other Socialists formed the Communist Labor Party of America, while Socialist foreign sections led by C. E. Ruthenberg formed the Communist Party. These two groups would be combined as the Communist Party USA (CPUSA). The Communists organized the Trade Union Unity League to compete with the AFL and claimed to represent 50,000 workers. In 1928, following divisions inside the Soviet Union, Jay Lovestone, who had replaced Ruthenberg as general secretary of the CPUSA following his death, joined with William Z. Foster to expel Foster's former allies, James P. Cannon and Max Shachtman, who were followers of Leon Trotsky. Following another Soviet factional dispute, Lovestone and Gitlow were expelled, and Earl Browder became party leader. Cannon, Shachtman, and Martin Abern then set up the Trotskyist Communist League of America, and recruited members from the CPUSA. The League then merged with A. J. Muste's American Workers Party in 1934, forming the Workers Party. New members included James Burnham and Sidney Hook. By the 1930s the Socialist Party was deeply divided between an Old Guard, led by Hillquit, and younger Militants, who were more sympathetic to the Soviet Union, led by Norman Thomas. The Old Guard left the party to form the Social Democratic Federation. Following talks between the Workers Party and the Socialists, members of the Workers Party joined the Socialists in 1936. Once inside they operated as a separate faction. The Trotskyists were expelled from the Socialist Party the following year and set up the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) and the youth wing of the Socialists, the Young People's Socialist League (YPSL) joined them. Shachtman and others were expelled from the SWP in 1940 over their position on the Soviet Union and set up the Workers Party. Within months many members of the new party, including Burnham, had left. The Workers Party was renamed the Independent Socialist League (ISL) in 1949 and ceased being a political party. Some members of the Socialist Party's Old Guard formed the American Labor Party (ALP) in New York State, with support from the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). The right-wing of this party broke away in 1944 to form the Liberal Party of New York. In the 1936, 1940 and 1944 elections the ALP received 274,000, 417,000, and 496,000 votes in New York State, while the Liberals received 329,000 votes in 1944. Civil rights, War on Poverty and the New Left (1950s–1960s) In 1958, the Socialist Party welcomed former members of the Independent Socialist League, which before its 1956 dissolution had been led by Max Shachtman. Shachtman had developed a neo-Marxist critique of Soviet communism as "bureaucratic collectivism", a new form of class society that was more oppressive than any form of capitalism. Shachtman's theory was similar to that of many dissidents and refugees from Communism, such as the theory of the "new class" proposed by Yugoslavian dissident Milovan Đilas (Djilas). Shachtman's ISL had attracted youth like Irving Howe, Michael Harrington, Tom Kahn, and Rachelle Horowitz. The YPSL was dissolved, but the party formed a new youth group under the same name. Kahn and Horowitz, along with Norman Hill, helped Bayard Rustin with the civil rights movement. Rustin had helped to spread pacificism and nonviolence to leaders of the civil rights movement, like Martin Luther King Jr. Rustin's circle and A. Philip Randolph organized the 1963 March on Washington, where Martin Luther King delivered his I Have a Dream speech. Michael Harrington soon became the most visible socialist in the United States when his The Other America became a best seller, following a long and laudatory New Yorker review by Dwight Macdonald. Harrington and other socialists were called to Washington, D.C., to assist the Kennedy Administration and then the Johnson Administration's war on poverty and Great Society. Shachtman, Harrington, Kahn, and Rustin argued advocated a political strategy called "realignment" that prioritized strengthening labor unions and other progressive organizations that were already active in the Democratic Party. Contributing to the day-to-day struggles of the civil rights movement and labor unions had gained socialists credibility and influence, and had helped to push politicians in the Democratic Party towards "social-liberal" or social-democratic positions, at least on civil rights and the war on poverty. Harrington, Kahn, and Horowitz were officers and staff-persons of the League for Industrial Democracy (LID), which helped to start the New Left Students for a Democratic Society (SDS). The three LID officers clashed with the less experienced activists of SDS, like Tom Hayden, when the latter's Port Huron Statement criticized socialist and liberal opposition to communism and criticized the labor movement while promoting students as agents of social change. LID and SDS split in 1965, when SDS voted to remove from its constitution the "exclusion clause" that prohibited membership by communists: The SDS exclusion clause had barred "advocates of or apologists for" "totalitarianism". The clause's removal effectively invited "disciplined cadre" to attempt to "take over or paralyze" SDS, as had occurred to mass organizations in the thirties. Afterwards, Marxism–Leninism, particularly the Progressive Labor Party, helped to write "the death sentence" for SDS, which nonetheless had over 100 thousand members at its peak. SDUSA–SPUSA split, foundation of DSOC–DSA and anti-WTO protests (1970s–1990s) In 1972, the Socialist Party voted to rename itself as Social Democrats, USA (SDUSA) by a vote of 73 to 34 at its December Convention; its National Chairmen were Bayard Rustin, a peace and civil-rights leader, and Charles S. Zimmerman, an officer of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU). In 1973, Michael Harrington resigned from SDUSA and founded the Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee (DSOC), which attracted many of his followers from the former Socialist Party. The same year, David McReynolds and others from the pacifist and immediate-withdrawal wing of the former Socialist Party formed the Socialist Party USA. When the SPA became SDUSA, the majority had 22 of 33 votes on the (January 1973) national committee of SDUSA. Two minority caucuses of SDUSA became associated with two other socialist organizations, each of which was founded later in 1973. Many members of Michael Harrington's ("Coalition") caucus, with 8 of 33 seats on the 1973 SDUSA national committee, joined Harrington's DSOC. Many members of the Debs caucus, with 2 of 33 seats on SDUSA's 1973 national committee, joined the Socialist Party of the United States (SPUSA). From 1979–1989, SDUSA members like Tom Kahn organized the AFL–CIO's fundraising of $300,000, which bought printing presses and other supplies requested by Solidarnosc (Solidarity), the independent labor-union of Poland. SDUSA members helped form a bipartisan coalition (of the Democratic and Republican parties) to support the founding of the National Endowment for Democracy (NED), whose first President was Carl Gershman. The NED publicly allocated $4 million of public aid to Solidarity through 1989. In the 1990s, anarchists attempted to organize across North America around Love and Rage, which drew several hundred activists. By 1997 anarchist organizations began to proliferate. One successful anarchist movement was Food not Bombs, that distributed free vegetarian meals. Anarchists received significant media coverage for their disruption of the 1999 World Trade Organization conference, called the Battle in Seattle, where the Direct Action Network was organized. Most organizations were short-lived and anarchism went into decline following a reaction by the authorities that was increased after the September 11 attacks in 2001. Occupy, Bernie Sanders campaigns and DSA electoral victories (2000s–present) In the 2000 presidential election, Ralph Nader and Winona LaDuke received 2,882,000 votes or 2.74% of the popular vote on the Green Party ticket. Filmmaker Michael Moore directed a series of popular movies examining the United States and its government policy from a left perspective, including Bowling for Columbine, Sicko, Capitalism: A Love Story and Fahrenheit 9/11, which was the top grossing documentary film of all time. In 2011, Occupy Wall Street protests demanding accountability for the financial crisis of 2007–2008 and against inequality started in Manhattan, New York and soon spread to other cities around the country, becoming known more broadly as the Occupy movement. Kshama Sawant was elected to the Seattle City Council as an openly socialist candidate in 2013. She was re-elected in 2015. Bernie Sanders, a self-described democratic socialist who runs as an independent, won his first election as mayor of Burlington, Vermont in 1981 and was re-elected for three additional terms. He then represented Vermont in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1991 until 2007, and was subsequently elected U.S. Senator for Vermont in 2007, a position which he still holds. Although he did not win the 2016 Democratic Party presidential nomination, Sanders won the fifth highest number of primary votes of any candidate in a nomination race, Democratic or Republican, and had caused an upset in Michigan and many other states. Democratic Socialists of America member Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez defeated ten-term incumbent Joe Crowley in the NY-14 U.S House primary and went on to win her general election. She is the youngest woman ever elected to Congress and ran on a progressive platform. Broadly, the modern American Left is characterized by organizations like the Democratic Socialists of America, the largest socialist organization in the US with over 70,000 members. The DSA has seen a huge resurgence in growth with Bernie Sanders' 2016 presidential campaign and continues to grow despite having had a membership of around 5,000 members only a decade ago. Unlike other parts of the modern left like the Socialist Equality Party, the DSA is not a political party and its affiliated candidates usually run on a Democratic or independent ticket. The most widely circulated socialist publication in the US, the Jacobin, along with other leftist publications like Dissent and Monthly Review, have all become increasingly popular with the resurgence of democratic socialism post-Sanders and Ocasio-Cortez. Political currents Anarchism Anarchism in the United States first emerged from individualistic, free-thinking, and utopian socialism as typified by the work of thinkers such as Josiah Warren and Henry David Thoreau. This was overshadowed by a mass, cosmopolitan, and working-class movement between the 1880s and 1940s, whose members were mostly recent immigrants, including those of German, Italian, Jewish, Mexican, and Russian descent. Prominent figures of this period include Albert Parsons and Lucy Parsons, Emma Goldman, Carlo Tresca, and Ricardo Flores Magón. The anarchist movement achieved notoriety due to violent clashes with police, assassinations, and sensational Red Scare propaganda, but most anarchist activity took place in the realm of agitation and labor organizing among largely immigrant workers. Anarchist organizations include: Anarchist Black Cross Anarchist People of Color Black Rose Anarchist Federation/Federación Anarquista Rosa Negra First of May Anarchist Alliance Food Not Bombs Green Mountain Anarchist Collective Industrial Workers of the World International Working People's Association Local to Global Justice Revolutionary Socialist League Union of Russian Workers Workers Solidarity Alliance Youth International Party De Leonism De Leonism, occasionally known as Marxism–De Leonism, is a libertarian Marxist ideological variant developed by the American activist Daniel De Leon. Socialist Labor Party Founded in 1876, the Socialist Labor Party (SLP) was a reformist party but adopted the theories of Karl Marx and Daniel De Leon in 1900, leading to the defection of reformers to the new Socialist Party of America (SPA). It contested elections, including every election for President of the United States from 1892 to 1976. Some of its prominent members included Jack London and James Connolly. By 2009 it had lost its premises and ceased publishing its newspaper, The People. In 1970, a group of dissidents left the SLP to form Socialist Reconstruction. Socialist Reconstruction then expelled some of its dissidents, who formed the Socialist Forum Group. Democratic socialism and social democracy The Socialist Party of America was founded in 1901. Eugene Debs ran as the party's presidential candidate five times and received 6% of the popular vote in 1912. The party suffered political repression during World War I due to its pacifist stance and broke into factions over whether or not to support the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia and whether or not to join the Comintern. The Socialist Party was re-formed in the mid-1920s but stopped running candidates after 1956, having been undercut by Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal and the resulting leftward movement of the Democratic Party to its right, and by the Communist Party on its left. In the early 1970s, the party split into tiny factions. After 1960 the Socialist Party also functioned "as an educational organization". Members of the Debs–Thomas Socialist Party helped to develop leaders of social-movement organizations, including the civil-rights movement and the New Left. Similarly, contemporary social-democratic and democratic-socialist organizations are known because of their members' activities in other organizations. Democratic Socialists of America Michael Harrington resigned from Social Democrats, USA early in 1973. He rejected the SDUSA (majority Socialist Party) position on the Vietnam War, which demanded an end to bombings and a negotiated peace settlement. Harrington called rather for an immediate cease fire and immediate withdrawal of U.S. forces from Vietnam. Even before the December 1972 convention, Michael Harrington had resigned as an Honorary Chairperson of the Socialist Party. In the early spring of 1973, he resigned his membership in SDUSA. That same year, Harrington and his supporters formed the Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee (DSOC). At its start, DSOC had 840 members, of which 2 percent served on its national board; approximately 200 had been members of Social Democrats, USA or its predecessors whose membership was then 1,800, according to a 1973 profile of Harrington. The DSOC became a member of the Socialist International. It supported progressive Democrats including DSOC member Congressman Ron Dellums and worked to help network activists in the Democratic Party and in labor unions. In 1982, the DSOC established the Democratic Socialists of America (DSA) upon merging with the New American Movement, an organization of democratic socialists mostly from the New Left. Its high-profile members included Congressman Major Owens, Congresswoman Rashida Tlaib, Congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Congressman Ron Dellums, multiple state legislators (Sara Innamorato, Lee J. Carter, Summer Lee, Julia Salazar), and William Winpisinger, President of the International Association of Machinists. In 2019 at the Democratic Socialists of America convention in Atlanta, Georgia, DSA confirmed its support for Senator Bernie Sanders in the 2020 United States presidential election. Since the 2016 United States presidential election, the DSA has grown to more than 50,000 members, making it the largest socialist organization in the United States. In 2017, DSA left the Socialist International, citing its support of neoliberal economic policies. Social Democrats, USA The Socialist Party of America changed its name to Social Democrats, USA (SDUSA) in 1972. In electoral politics, SDUSA's National Co-Chairman Bayard Rustin stated that its goal was to transform the Democratic Party into a social-democratic party. SDUSA sponsored a conferences that featured discussions and debates over proposed resolutions, some of which were adopted as organizational statements. For these conferences, SDUSA invited a range of academic, political, and labor-union leaders. These meetings also functioned as reunions for political activists and intellectuals, some of whom worked together for decades. Many SDUSA members served as organizational leaders, especially in labor unions. Rustin served as President of the A. Philip Randolph Institute, and was succeeded by Norman Hill. Tom Kahn served as Director of International Affairs for the AFL–CIO. Sandra Feldman served as President of the American Federation of Teachers (AFT). Rachelle Horowitz served as Political Director for the AFT and serves on the board for the National Democratic Institute. Other members of SDUSA specialized in international politics. Penn Kemble served as the Acting Director of the U.S. Information Agency in the Presidency of Bill Clinton. After having served as the U.S. Representative to the U.N.'s Committee on human rights during the first Reagan Administration, Carl Gershman has served as the President of the National Endowment for Democracy. Socialist Party USA In the Socialist Party before 1973, members of the Debs Caucus opposed endorsing or otherwise supporting Democratic Party candidates. They began working outside the Socialist Party with antiwar groups such as the Students for a Democratic Society. Some locals voted to disaffiliate with SDUSA and more members resigned; they re-organized as the Socialist Party USA (SPUSA) while continuing to operate the old Debs Caucus paper, the Socialist Tribune, later renamed The Socialist. The SPUSA continues to run local and national candidates, including Dan La Botz' 2010 campaign for US Senate in Ohio that won over 25,000 votes and Pat Noble's successful election onto the Red Bank Regional High School Board of Education in 2012 and subsequent re-election in 2015. The SPUSA has run or endorsed a presidential ticket in every election since its founding, most recently nominating Greens party co-founder and activist Howie Hawkins in the 2020 presidential election. Christian democracy American Solidarity Party The American Solidarity Party (ASP) is a fiscally progressive and socially conservative Christian-democratic political party with a Social-democratic faction in the United States. It favors a social market economy (Rhine capitalism) with a distributist flavor, that seeks "widespread economic participation and ownership" through supporting small business and providing a social safety net programs. It also has a minor Anti-capitalism faction. The party's name was inspired by Solidarnosc (Solidarity), the independent labor-union of Poland. Green politics Green Party of the United States The Green Party of the United States is a eco-socialist party whose platform emphasizes environmentalism, non-hierarchical participatory democracy, social justice, respect for diversity, peace, and nonviolence. At their 2016 party convention in Houston, the party changed its platform to support a decentralized form of eco-socialism based on workplace democracy. In the 2000 presidential election, Ralph Nader and Winona LaDuke received 2,882,955 votes or 2.74% of the popular vote. In the 2016 election, Green Party presidential candidate Jill Stein and running mate Ajamu Baraka qualified to be on the ballot in 44 states and the District of Columbia, with 3 additional states allowing write-in votes. The Greens/Green Party USA is a much smaller group focusing on education and local, grassroots organizing. Marxism–Leninism Marxism–Leninism has been advocated and practiced by American communists of many kinds, including pro-Soviet, Trotskyist, Maoist, or independent. American Party of Labor The American Party of Labor was founded in 2008 and adheres to Hoxhaism. It has its origins in the activities of the American communist Jack Shulman, former secretary of Communist Party USA leader William Z. Foster; and the British Marxist-Leninist Bill Bland. Members of the American Party of Labor had previously been active in Alliance Marxist-Leninist and International Struggle Marxist-Leninist, two organizations founded by Shulman and Bland. The present-day APL sees itself as upholding and continuing the work of Shulman and Bland. Although not a formal member of the International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle), the APL is generally supportive of its line and maintains friendly relations with a number of foreign communist parties including the Chilean Communist Party (Proletarian Action), the Turkish Labour Party (EMEP), the Labour Party of Iran, and the Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist–Leninist). It has been involved in a number of events, such as a 2013 protest against the Golden Dawn in Chicago, a 2014 meeting on the Ukraine and a protest against Donald Trump at the 2016 Republican National Convention. A significant program of the American Party of Labor is "Red Aid: Service to the People", which involves providing food, clothing and other assistance to the poor and homeless in impoverished communities, and has been established in multiple US cities. Its current organ, The Red Phoenix, carries articles concerning contemporary political issues and theoretical and historical questions. Communist Party USA Established in 1919, the Communist Party USA (CP) claimed a membership of 100,000 in 1939 and maintained a membership over 50,000 until the 1950s. However, the 1956 invasion of Hungary, McCarthyism and investigations by the House Unamerican Activities Committee (HUAC) contributed to its steady decline despite a brief increase in membership from the mid-1960s. Its estimated membership in 1996 was between 4,000 and 5,000. From the 1940s, the FBI attempted to disrupt the CP, including through its Counter‐Intelligence Program (COINTELPRO). Several Communist front organizations founded in the 1950s continued to operate at least into the 1990s, notably the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, the American Committee for the Protection of Foreign Born, the Labor Research Association, the National Council of American-Soviet Friendship, and the U.S. Peace Council. Other groups with less direct links to the CP include the National Lawyers Guild, the National Emergency Civil Liberties Committee, and the Center for Constitutional Rights. Many leading members of the New Left, including some members of the Weather Underground and the May 19th Communist Organization were members of the National Lawyers Guild. However, CP attempts to influence the New Left were mostly unsuccessful. The CP attracted media attention in the 1970s with the membership of the high-profile activist, Angela Davis. The CP publishes the People's World and Political Affairs. Beginning in 1988, the CP stopped running candidates for President of the United States. After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, it was found that the Soviet Union had provided funding to the CP throughout its history. The CP had always supported the positions of the Soviet Union. Because of the continued slip into an ideology of social democracy that began after the death of CPUSA National Chair Gus Hall, dissident groups began to form around the country that were opposed to the increased pro-capitalist policies of the CPUSA National Committee. There was a fear among members that the CP was on the road to liquidation as a political party. There were several telltale signs that this was happening. The new National Chairman of the CP, Sam Webb began exploring ways to fund the party which suffered a great loss of financial assistance when Mikail Gorbachev assumed leadership of the CP of the Soviet Union. The party began to invest in real estate around the country and used party funds to refurbish its headquarters in New York. The CP leased out several floors of their headquarters to local businesses such as Wix, a website design company. They also leased out the first floor to an art supply company, closing the bookshop of International Publishers, the CP publishing company. Currently, there are no CP bookstores around the country. The CP then made the decision not to print its weekly newspaper, the People's Weekly World. The paper is only available online. The party's online theoretical journal, Political Affairs, was also discontinued. Currently, the CP does not have an organizing department. Dues books have been continued. No attempt has been made to establish ties with the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) which is the largest socialist-communist trade union federation in the world. Freedom Road Socialist Organization The Freedom Road Socialist Organization (FRSO) was founded in 1985 through the mergers of Maoist and Marxist–Leninist organizations active near the end of the New Communist Movement. The FRSO grew out of an initial merger of the Proletarian Unity League and the Revolutionary Workers Headquarters. Some years later, the Organization for Revolutionary Unity and the Amilcar Cabral/Paul Robeson Collective merged into the FRSO. In 1999, the FRSO split into two organizations, both of which retain the FRSO name to this day. The split primarily concerned the organization's continued adherence to Marxism–Leninism, with one side of the FRSO upholding Marxism–Leninism and the other side preferring to pursue a strategy of regrouping and rebuilding the Left in the United States. These organizations are commonly identified through their publications, which are Fight Back! News and Freedom Road, and their websites, (frso.org) and (freedomroad.org), respectively. In 2010, members of the FRSO (frso.org) and other anti-war and international solidarity activists were raided by the FBI. Secret documents left by the FBI revealed that agents planned to question activists about their involvement in the FRSO (frso.org) and their international solidarity work related to Colombia and Palestine. The FRSO (frso.org) works in the Committee to Stop FBI Repression. Both FRSO groups continue to uphold the right of national self-determination for African-Americans and Chicanos. The FRSO (frso.org) works in the labor movement, the student movement, and the oppressed nationalities movement. Party for Socialism and Liberation The Party for Socialism and Liberation was formed in 2004 as a result of a split in the Workers World Party. The San Francisco, Los Angeles and Washington, D.C. branches left almost in their entirety and the party has grown significantly since then. The new party took control of the Worker's World Party front organization Act Now to Stop War and End Racism (A.N.S.W.E.R.) at the time of the split. Following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, A.N.S.W.E.R. organized the "Seize BP" campaign, which organized demonstrations calling for the U.S. federal government to seize BP's assets and place them in trust to pay for damages. The PSL has also been active in the antiracist movement, participating in protests across the country throughout 2020. Several organizers in their Denver branch were arrested for their involvement in protests against the death of Elijah McClain. Progressive Labor Party The Progressive Labor Party (PL) was formed as the Progressive Labor Movement in 1962 by a group of former members of the Communist Party USA, most of whom had quit or been expelled for supporting China in the Sino-Soviet split. To them, the Soviet Union was imperialist. They competed with the CP and SWP for influence in the anti-war movement and the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), forming the May 2 Movement as its anti-war front organization. Its major publications are Progressive Labor and the Marxist–Leninist Quarterly. They later abandoned Maoism, refusing to follow the line of any foreign country and formed the front group, the International Committee Against Racism (InCAR), in 1973. Much of their activity included violent confrontations against far-right groups, such as Nazis and Klansmen. While membership in 1978 was about 1,500, by 1996 it had fallen below 500. Revolutionary Communist Party, USA Formed in 1969 as the Bay Area Revolutionary Union (BARU), the Revolutionary Communist Party (RCP) had almost one thousand members in twenty-five states by 1975. Its main founder and long-time leader, Bob Avakian, a Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) organizer had fought off attempts for control of the SDS by the Progressive Labor Party. The party has been unwaveringly Maoist. Working through the U.S.-China Peoples Friendship Association, the party arranged for visits by Americans to China. Their newspaper, Revolutionary Worker has featured articles supportive of Albania and North Korea, while the party, unusually for the Left, has been hostile to school busing, the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), and gay rights. The party fell out of favour with the Chinese government after the death of Mao Zedong, partly because of the personality cult of the RCP leader. By the mid-1990s the party numbered fewer than 500 members. Workers World Party The Workers World Party (WWP) was formed in 1958 by fewer than one hundred people who left the Socialist Workers Party after the SWP supported socialists in New York State elections. Their publication is Workers World. The party's position has developed from Trotskyism to independent Marxism–Leninism, supporting all Marxist states. They have been active in organizing protests against far-right groups. They were also notable for being the main US supporter of the former Ethiopian communist government. In the 1990s their membership was estimated at about 200. Their front group, Act Now to Stop War and End Racism (A.N.S.W.E.R.) organized the early protests against the war in Iraq, which brought hundreds of thousands of protesters to Washington, D.C. before the war had even begun. However, following a split in the party in 2004, some members left to form the Party for Socialism and Liberation, taking leadership of A.N.S.W.E.R. with them. The Workers World Party then formed the Troops Out Now Coalition. Trotskyism Many Trotskyist parties and organizations exist that advocate communism. These groups are distinct from Marxist–Leninist groups in that they generally adhere to the theory and writings of Leon Trotsky. Many owe their organizational heritage to the Socialist Workers Party, which emerged as a split-off from the CP. Freedom Socialist Party The Freedom Socialist Party began in 1966 as the Seattle branch of the Socialist Workers Party that had split from the party and joined with others who had not belonged to the SWP. They differed with the SWP on the role of African Americans, whom they saw as being the future vanguard of the revolution, and of women, emphasizing their rights, which they called "socialist feminism". Clara Fraser came to lead the party and was to form the group Radical Women. International Marxist Tendency The US Section of the International Marxist Tendency is an American Trotskyist organization formed in 2002. The IMT is inspired by the theories of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin, and Leon Trotsky, as well as British Trotskyist Ted Grant, and publishes a regular newspaper called Socialist Revolution (formerly Socialist Appeal). It also supports a publishing house called Marxist Books. The organization argues for a break with the Democrats and Republicans, and the formation of a mass working-class party with a socialist program. International Socialist Organization The International Socialist Organization (ISO) was a group founded in 1977 as a section of the International Socialist Tendency (IST). The organization held Leninist positions on imperialism and considered itself a vanguard party, preparing the ground for a revolutionary party to hypothetically succeed it. The organization held a Trotskyist critique of nominally socialist states, which it considered class societies. In contrast to this, the ISO advocated the tradition of "socialism from below". It was strongly influenced by the perspectives of Hal Draper and Tony Cliff. It broke from the IST in 2001 but continued to exist as an independent organization for the next eighteen years. The ISO emphasized educational work on the socialist tradition. Branches also took part in activism against the Iraq War, against police brutality, against the death penalty, and in labor strikes, among other social movements. At its peak in 2013, the group had as many as 1500 members. The organization argued that it was the largest revolutionary socialist group in the United States at that time. The ISO found itself in crisis early 2019, largely stemming from a scandal over the leadership's response to a 2013 sexual misconduct case. The ISO voted to dissolve itself in March 2019. Socialist Action Socialist Action was formed in 1983 by members, almost all of whom had been expelled from the Socialist Workers Party. Its members remained loyal to Trotskyist principles, including "permanent revolution", that they claimed the SWP had abandoned. Strongly critical of authoritarian regimes, including the Soviet Union and Iran, it championed socialist revolution in third world countries. It was an active participant in the Cleveland Emergency National Conference in September 1984, set up to challenge American policy in Central America, and played a major role in organizing demonstrations against American action against the Sandanista rebels in Nicaragua. Socialist Alternative Although Socialist Alternative has sometimes pursued a democratic socialist strategy, most notably in Seattle where Kshama Sawant was elected to the Seattle City Council as an openly socialist candidate in 2013., it identifies as a Trotskyist political organization. Socialist Alternative is the U.S. affiliate of the International Socialist Alternative, which is a Brussels-based international of Trotskyist political parties. Socialist Equality Party The Socialist Equality Party (SEP) is a political party that formed after a 1964 ideological rupture with Socialist Workers Party over the issue of their support of the Fidel Castro government in Cuba, The SEP are composed of Trotskyists and are affiliated with the World Socialist Web Site. Socialist Workers Party With fewer than one thousand members in 1996, the Socialist Worker's Party (SWP) was the second-largest Marxist–Leninist party in the United States. Formed by supporters of Leon Trotsky, they believed that the Soviet Union and other Communist states remained "worker's states" and should be defended against reactionary forces, although their leadership had sold out the workers. They became members of the Trotskyist Fourth International. Their publications include The Militant and a theoretical journal, the International Socialist Review. Two groups that broke with the SWP in the 1960s were the Spartacist League and the Workers League (which would later evolve into the Socialist Equality Party). The SWP has been involved in numerous violent scuffles. In 1970 the party successfully sued the FBI for COINTELPRO, where the FBI opened and copied mail, planted informants, wiretapped members' homes, bugged conventions, and broke into party offices. The party fields candidates for President of the United States. Solidarity Solidarity is a socialist organization associated with the journal Against the Current. Solidarity is an organizational descendant of International Socialists, a Trotskyist organization based on the proposition that the Soviet Union was not a "degenerate workers' state" (as in orthodox Trotskyism) but rather "bureaucratic collectivism", a new and especially repressive class society. Spartacist League The Spartacist League was formed in 1966 by members of the Socialist Workers Party who had been expelled two years earlier after accusing the SWP of adopting "petty bourgeois ideology". Beginning with a membership of around 75, their numbers dropped to 40 by 1969 although they grew to several hundred in the early 1970s, with Maoists disillusioned with China's new foreign policy joining the group. The League saw the Soviet Union as a "deformed workers' state", and supported it over some policies. It is committed to Trotskyist "permanent revolution", rejecting Mao's peasant guerilla warfare model. The group's publication is Workers Vanguard. Much of the group's activity has involved stopping Ku Klux Klan and Nazi rallies. Notable figures and current publications People Bob Avakian – chairman of the Revolutionary Communist Party, USA Bill Ayers – co-founder and co-leader of the Weather Underground John Bachtell – chairman of the Communist Party USA General Baker – leader of the League of Revolutionary Black Workers Roger Nash Baldwin – founding member of the ACLU Jack Barnes – Socialist Workers Party leader Harry Belafonte – singer, civil rights and social activist Edward Bellamy – utopian socialist author Victor L. Berger – Socialist Party of America congressman Grace Lee Boggs – Chinese-American Marxist James Boggs - African-American Marxist Murray Bookchin – anarchist and libertarian socialist theorist Earl Browder – Communist Party leader James P. Cannon – leader of the Socialist Workers Party Cesar Chavez – United Farm Workers leader Noam Chomsky – linguistics academic and anarchist activist Angela Davis – Communist Party leader Dorothy Day – founding member of the Catholic Worker Movement Daniel De Leon – Marxist theoretician and newspaper editor Eugene V. Debs – Socialist Party of America leader and presidential candidate David Dellinger – Socialist Party of America leader and pacifist Ron Dellums – Socialist congressman from California Farrell Dobbs – leader of the Socialist Workers Party Hal Draper – Young Peoples Socialist League leader and socialist intellectual W. E. B. Du Bois – civil rights activist Barbara Ehrenreich – co-chair of Democratic Socialists of America Albert Einstein – physicist Jane Fonda - New Left antiwar activist, actor, CED Founder, climate activist William Z. Foster – Communist Party leader Gil Green – Young Communist and Communist Party USA leader Emma Goldman – anarchist activist Laurence Gronlund – utopian socialist author Gus Hall – Communist Party leader and presidential candidate Dashiell Hammett – author Fred Hampton - Black Panther Michael Harrington – democratic socialist activist Tom Hayden – New Left activist and California assemblyman Bill Haywood – IWW labor activist Chris Hedges – dissident academic and Presbyterian Minister Alger Hiss – State Department official, accused Soviet spy Abbie Hoffman – Yippie activist Irving Howe – democratic socialist activist Mary Harris "Mother" Jones – IWW labor activist Tom Kahn – social democratic, civil rights and labor activist Helen Keller – author and activist Martin Luther King Jr. – civil rights activist Gloria La Riva – ten-time perennial presidential candidate for the Workers World Party and the Party for Socialism and Liberation Jack London – author Meyer London – Socialist Party of America congressman Vito Marcantonio – Socialist congressman from New York Sam Marcy – chairman of the Workers World Party A. J. Muste – pacifist, labor and civil rights activist Immanuel Ness – labor activist Huey P. Newton – leader of the Black Panther Party Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez – Representative for New York's 14th congressional district and democratic socialist Michael Parenti - academic A. Philip Randolph – civil rights and labor leader John Reed – journalist Paul Robeson – actor, civil rights and labor activist Jerry Rubin – Yippie activist Bayard Rustin – pacifist and civil rights activist C. E. Ruthenberg – Communist Party leader Bernie Sanders – Independent democratic socialist Senator and Democratic presidential candidate in the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections Margaret Sanger – reproductive rights and labor activist Kshama Sawant – Trotskyist activist and member of the Seattle City Council Max Shachtman – Marxist theorist and activist Irwin Silber – Marxist journalist Upton Sinclair – author and socialist politician Jill Stein – Green Party presidential candidate I. F. Stone – journalist Paul Sweezy – Marxist economist and journalist Norman Thomas – Socialist Party of America leader and presidential candidate Benjamin Tucker – anarchist and libertarian socialist thinker Mark Twain – author Henry A. Wallace – Former Vice President and presidential candidate of the Progressive Party in 1948. Cornel West – dissident academic Tim Wohlforth – Trotskyist leader Richard D. Wolff – academic Malcolm X – civil rights activist Howard Zinn – academic Publications The New Hampshire Gazette, fortnightly, press run 5,500, founded 1756. The Nation, weekly, established 1865. Circulation 190,000. The Progressive, monthly, established 1909. Monthly Review, monthly, established 1949. Circulation 7,000. Dissent, quarterly, established 1954. Texas Observer, established 1954. Fifth Estate, quarterly, established 1965. Review of Radical Political Economics, quarterly, established 1968. Dollars & Sense, bimonthly, established 1974. Mother Jones, bimonthly, established 1974. In These Times, monthly, established 1976. Circulation 17,000. Z Magazine, monthly established 1977. Circulation 10,000 print and 6,000 online subscribers. Labor Notes, monthly, established 1979. Utne Reader, bimonthly, established 1984. Circulation 150,000. Left Business Observer, established 1986. The American Prospect, monthly, established 1990. Circulation 55,000.* The Baffler, established 1988. CounterPunch, semi-monthly, established 1994. CrimethInc., anarchist publishing collective established 1996. Working USA, quarterly, established 1997. The Indypendent, published 17 times per year, established 2000. Truthout, website, established 2001. Left Turn, website, established 2001. Socialist Revolution (formerly Socialist Appeal), established 2001. Black Commentator, web-only weekly, established 2002. Jacobin, established 2010. It's Going Down, established 2016. Public officeholders Communist Party USA Wisconsin Wahsayah Whitebird – Member of the Ashland, Wisconsin city-council. Green Party of the United States There have been at least 65 officeholders for the Green Party of the United States. Arkansas Alvin Clay – Justice of the Peace Mississippi County, District 6 Elected: 2012 Kade Holliday – County Clerk Craighead County, Arkansas Elected: 2012 Roger Watkins – Constable Craighead County, District 5 Elected: 2012 California Dan Hamburg – Board of Supervisors, District 5, Mendocino County Bruce Delgado – Mayor, Marina (Monterey County) Larry Bragman – Town Council, Fairfax (Marin County) Renée Goddard – Town Council, Fairfax (Marin County) John Reed – Town Council, Fairfax (Marin County) Gayle Mclaughlin – City Council, Richmond (Contra Costa) Deborah Heathersone – Town Council, Point Arena (Mendocino County) Paul Pitino – Town Council, Arcata (Humboldt County) John Keener (politician)|John Keener – City Council, Pacifica (San Mateo County) Vahe Peroomian – Board of Trustees, Glendale Community College District, Glendale (Los Angeles County) Amy Martenson – Board of Trustees, District 2, Napa Valley College, Napa (Napa County) April Clary – Board of Trustees, Student Representative, Napa Valley College, Napa (Napa County) Heather Bass – Board of Directors, Gilroy Unified School District, Gilroy, Santa Clara County Dave Clark – Board of Directors, Cardiff School District (San Diego County) Phyllis Greenleaf – Board of Trustees, Live Oak Elementary School District (Santa Cruz County) Adriana Griffin – Red Bluff Union School District, Red Bluff (Tehama County) Jim C. Keller – Board of Trustees, Bonny Doon Union Elementary School District, Santa Cruz County Brigitte Kubacki – Governing Boardmember, Green Point School, Blue Lake (Humboldt County) Jose Lara – Vice President and Governing Board Member, El Rancho Unified School District, Pico Rivera (Los Angeles) Kimberly Ann Peterson – Board of Trustees, Geyserville Unified School District (Sonoma County) Karen Pickett (politician)|Karen Pickett – Board Member, Canyon Canyon Elementary School District (Contra Costa County) Kathy Rallings – Board of Trustees, Carlsbad Unified School District, Carlsbad, San Diego County Sean Reagan – Governing Boardmember, Norwalk-La Mirada Unified School District, Norwalk (Los Angeles County) Curtis Robinson – Board of Trustees, Area 6, Marin County Board of Education (Marin County) Christopher Sabec (politician)|Christopher Sabec – Governing Boardmember, Lagunitas School District (Marin County) Katherine Salinas – Governing Boardmember, Arcata School District, Arcata (Humboldt County) Jeffrey Dean Schwartz – Governing Boardmember, Arcata School District, Arcata (Humboldt County) Alex Shantz – Board of Trustees, St. Helena Unified School District, Napa County Dana Silvernale – Governing Boardmember, North Humboldt Union High School (Humboldt County) Jim Smith (politician)|Jim Smith – President, Canyon School Board, Canyon Township (Contra Costa County) Logan Blair Smith – Little Shasta Elementary School District, Montague (Shasta County) Rama Zarcufsky – Governing Boardmember, Maple Creek School District (Humboldt County) John Selawsky – Rent Stabilization Board, Berkeley (Alameda County) Jesse Townley – Rent Stabilization Board, Berkeley (Alameda County) Jeff Davis (politician)|Jeff Davis – Board of Directors, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District (Alameda and Contra Costa Counties) Karen Anderson (politician)|Karen Anderson – Board of Directors, Coastside Fire Protection District (San Mateo County) Robert L. Campbell – Scotts Valley Fire District (Santa Cruz County) William Lemos – Fire Protection District, Mendocino (Mendocino County) Russell Pace – Board of Directors, Willow Creek Fire District (Humboldt County) John Abraham Powell – Board of Directors, Montecito Fire District, Montecito (Santa Barbara County) Larry Bragman – Board of Directors, Division 3, Marin Municipal Water District Board (Marin County) James Harvey (politician)|James Harvey – Board of Directors, Montara Water and Sanitary District (San Mateo County) Randy Marx – Board of Directors, Fair Oaks Water District, Division 4 (Sacramento County) Jan Shriner – Board of Directors, Marina Coast Water District (Monterey County) Kaitlin Sopoci-Belknap – Board of Directors, Humboldt Bay Municipal Water District, Division 1 (Humboldt County) James Barone – Boardmember, Rollingwood-Wilart Recreation and Parks District (Contra Costa County) William Hayes (California politician)|William Hayes – Board of Directors, Mendocino Coast Park and Recreation District (Mendocino County) Illijana Asara – Board of Directors, Community Service District, Big Lagoon (Humboldt County) Gerald Epperson – Board of Directors, Crocket Community Services District, Contra Costa County Joseph Gauder – Boardmember, Covelo Community Services District, Covelo (Mendocino County) Crispin Littlehales – Boardmember, Covelo Community Services District, Covelo (Mendocino County) George A. Wheeler – Board of Directors, Community Service District, McKinleyville (Humboldt County) Mathew Clark – Board of Directors, Granada Sanitary District (San Mateo County) Nanette Corley – Director, Resort Improvement District, Whitehorn (Humboldt County) Sylvia Aroth – Outreach Officer, Venice Neighborhood Council, Los Angeles (Los Angeles County) Robin Doyno – At-Large Community Officer, Mar Vista Neighborhood Council, Los Angeles (Los Angeles County) Janine Jordan – District 4 Business Representative, Mid-Town North Hollywood Neighborhood Council, Los Angeles (Los Angeles County) Jack Lindblad – At Large Community Stakeholder, North Hollywood Northeast Neighborhood Council, Los Angeles (Los Angeles County) Johanna A. Sanchez – Secretary, Historic Highland Park Neighborhood Council, Los Angeles (Los Angeles County) Johanna A. Sanchez – At-Large Director, Historic Highland Park Neighborhood Council, Los Angeles (Los Angeles County) Marisol Sanchez (politician)|Marisol Sanchez – Area 1 Seat, Boyle Heights Neighborhood Council, Los Angeles (Los Angeles County) William Bretz – Crest/Dehesa/Harrison Canyon/Granite Hill Planning Group (San Diego County) Claudia White – Member, Descanso Community Planning Group (San Diego County) Annette Keenberg – Town Council, Lake Los Angeles (Los Angeles County) Rama Zarcufsky – Governing Boardmember, Maple Creek School District (Humboldt County) Socialist Alternative Washington Kshama Sawant – Seattle City Council, Position 2 Socialist Party USA New Jersey Pat Noble – Member of the Red Bank Regional High School Board of Education for Red Bank Vermont Progressive Party David Zuckerman – Lieutenant Governor Doug Hoffer – State Auditor Tim Ashe – Pro Tem of the Vermont Senate Chris Pearson – Member of the Vermont Senate Anthony Pollina – Member of the Vermont Senate Mollie S. Burke – Member of the Vermont House of Representatives Robin Chesnut-Tangerman – Member of the Vermont House of Representatives Diana Gonzalez – Member of the Vermont House of Representatives Sandy Haas – Member of the Vermont House of Representatives Selene Colburn – Member of the Vermont House of Representatives Brian Cina – Member of the Vermont House of Representatives Jane Knodell – Burlington City Council President (Central District) Max Tracy – Burlington City Council (Ward 2) Sara Giannoni – Burlington City Council (Ward 3) Wendy Coe – Ward Clerk (Ward 2) Carmen Solari – Inspector of Elections (Ward 2) Kit Andrews – Inspector of Elections (Ward 3) Jeremy Hansen – Berlin Select Board Steve May Richmond Select Board Susan Hatch Davis – Former Member of the Vermont House of Representatives Dexter Randel Former Member of the Vermont House of Representatives & Former Troy Select Board Bob Kiss – Former Mayor of Burlington Peter Clevelle – Former Mayor of Burlington David Van Deusen – Former Moretown Select Board & Former First Constable Working Families Party Connecticut Ed Gomes – Member of the Connecticut Senate from the 23rd district New York Diana Richardson – Member of the New York State Assembly from the 43rd district See also African-American leftism Espionage Act of 1917 Handschu agreement History of the socialist movement in the United States House Un-American Activities Committee Liberalism in the United States Millennial socialism Modern liberalism in the United States Progressivism in the United States Red Scare References Bibliography ALB (2009–10) "The SLP of America: a premature obituary?" Socialist Standard. Retrieved 2010-05-11. Alexander, Robert J. International Trotskyism, 1929–1985: a documented analysis of the movement. United States of America: Duke University Press, 1991. Amster, Randall. Contemporary anarchist studies: an introductory anthology of anarchy in the academy. Oxford, UK: Taylor & Francis, 2009 Archer, Robin. Why Is There No Labor Party in the United States?. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007. Bérubé, Michael. The Left at war. New York: New York University Press, 2009 Buhle, Mari Jo; Buhle, Paul and Georgakas, Dan. Encyclopedia of the American left (Second edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998. Busky, Donald F. Democratic Socialism: A Global Survey. Westport: Praeger Publishers, 2000. Coleman, Stephen. Daniel De Leon. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1990 Draper, Theodore. The roots of American Communism. New York: Viking Press, 1957. George, John and Wilcox, Laird. American Extremists: Militias, Supremacists, Klansmen, Communists & Others. Amherst: Prometheus Books, 1996. Graeber, David. "The rebirth of anarchism in North America, 1957–2007" in Contemporary history online, No. 21, (Winter, 2010) Isserman, Maurice. The other American: the life of Michael Harrington. New York: Public Affairs, 2000. Klehr, Harvey. Far Left of Center: The American Radical Left Today. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1988. Liebman, Arthur. Jews and the Left. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1979. Lingeman, Richard. The Nation Guide to the Nation. New York: Vintage Books, 2009. Lipset, Seymour Martin and Marks, Gary. It didn't happen here: why socialism failed in the United States. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. 2001. Reuters. "U.S. protests shrink while antiwar sentiment grows". Oct 3, 2007 12:30:17 GMT Retrieved September 20, 2010.Humanitarian | Thomson Reuters Foundation News Ryan, James G. Earl Browder: the failure of American Communism. Tuscaloosa and London: The University of Alabama Press, 1997. Sherman, Amy. "Demonstrators to gather in Fort Lauderdale to rail against oil giant BP", the Miami Herald. May 12, 2010 Retrieved from SunSentinel.com September 22, 2010.Demonstrators to gather in Fort Lauderdale to rail against oil giant BP Stedman, Susan W. and Stedman Jr. Murray Salisbury. Discontent at the polls: a study of farmer and labor parties, 1827–1948. New York: Columbia University Press. 1950. Woodcock, George, Anarchism: a history of libertarian ideas and movements. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004. External links "The Socialist Trade and Labor Alliance versus the 'pure and simple trade union'", 1900 debate, Daniel De Leon and Job Harriman "Is Russia a socialist Community?", 1950 debate, Earl Browder, C. Wright Mills and Max Shachtman "Why No Revolution? A Short History of American Left Movements", Part 1: early 1800s to 1945, Part 2: 1945–2012, 2012, featuring Joe Uris "Second Thought" https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJm2TgUqtK1_NLBrjNQ1P-w Political movements in the United States Progressivism in the United States Reform movements

43567613

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Arizona%20Wildcats%20head%20football%20coaches

List of Arizona Wildcats head football coaches

The Arizona Wildcats football program is a college football team representing the University of Arizona that is a member of the Pac-12 Conference. The team has had 32 head coaches since its founding in 1899. The Wildcats have played in more than 1,100 games in 113 seasons. Arizona's current head coach is Jedd Fisch, who was hired after the 2020 season concluded. History Key Coaches *Mackovic Fired after 5 games Notes References General Arizona Arizona sports-related lists

6142362

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramidal%20eminence

Pyramidal eminence

The pyramidal eminence (pyramid) is a conical projection in the middle ear. It is situated immediately behind the fenestra vestibuli (oval window), and in front of the vertical portion of the facial canal; it is hollow, and contains the stapedius muscle; its summit projects forward toward the fenestra vestibuli, and is pierced by a small aperture which transmits the tendon of the muscle. The cavity in the pyramidal eminence is prolonged downward and backward in front of the facial canal, and communicates with it by a minute aperture which transmits a twig from the facial nerve to the stapedius muscle. References Auditory system

52671934

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcin%20Cebula

Marcin Cebula

Marcin Cebula (born 6 December 1995) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Raków Częstochowa. Honours Raków Częstochowa Polish Cup: 2020–21 Polish Super Cup: 2021 References External links 1995 births People from Staszów County Sportspeople from Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship Living people Polish footballers Poland youth international footballers Association football midfielders Korona Kielce players Raków Częstochowa players Ekstraklasa players

54900772

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las%20Juntas%20Formation

Las Juntas Formation

The Las Juntas Formation or Las Juntas Sandstone (, Kiaj, Kialj, K1j) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense and Tenza Valley, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The Las Juntas Formation is found in the departments Cundinamarca, Boyacá and Casanare. The predominantly sandstone formation dates to the Early Cretaceous period; Hauterivian epoch, and has a maximum thickness of . Etymology The formation was defined and named in 1979 by Rodríguez and Ulloa after Cerro Las Juntas, Guateque, Tenza Valley, Boyacá. Description Lithologies The Las Juntas Formation has a maximum thickness of and is characterised by a sequence of sandstones with interbedded shales. Stratigraphy and depositional environment The Las Juntas Formation, the uppermost unit of the Cáqueza Group, overlies the Macanal Formation and is overlain by the Fómeque Formation and the Apón Formation in the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy. The formation is subdivided into three members, from old to younger; Arenisca de El Volador, Lutitas Intermedias and Arenisca de Almeida. The age has been estimated to be Hauterivian. The formation has been deposited in a near shore deltaic environment, with as provenance areas the Santander High and the Guiana Shield. The formation represents a regressive sequence in the present-day Eastern Ranges, as the Rosablanca Formation in the Middle Magdalena Valley. Outcrops The Las Juntas Formation is apart from its type locality east of Guateque, found in Chingaza National Park, in the El Cochal Synclinal east of the Ocetá Páramo, between Lake Tota and Labranzagrande, other parts of the Tenza Valley such as close to Macanal and Almeida. The Támara Fault thrusts the Las Juntas Formation southeastward on top of the Tertiary San Fernando and Diablo Formations, and the Chámeza Fault thrusts the older Macanal Formation on top of the Las Juntas Formation around Chámeza, Casanare. Regional correlations See also Geology of the Eastern Hills Geology of the Ocetá Páramo Geology of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense Notes References Bibliography Maps External links Geologic formations of Colombia Cretaceous Colombia Lower Cretaceous Series of South America Hauterivian Stage Sandstone formations Deltaic deposits Formations Formations Geography of Cundinamarca Department Geography of Boyacá Department Geography of Casanare Department

68021560

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksei%20Viktorovich%20Chernavskii

Aleksei Viktorovich Chernavskii

Aleksei Viktorovich Chernavskii (or Chernavsky or Černavskii) (Алексей Викторович Чернавский, born January 17, 1938 in Moscow) is a Russian mathematician, specializing in differential geometry and topology. Biography Chernavskii completed undergraduate study at the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University in 1959. He enrolled in graduate school at the Steklov Institute of Mathematics. In 1964 he defended his Candidate of Sciences (PhD) thesis, written under the under the guidance of Lyudmila Keldysh, on the topic Конечнократные отображения многообразий (Finite-fold mappings of manifolds). In 1970 he defended his Russian Doctor of Sciences (habilitation) thesis Гомеоморфизмы и топологические вложения многообразий (Homeomorphisms and topological embeddings of manifolds). In 1970 he was an Invited Speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Nice. Chernavskii worked as a senior researcher at the Steklov Institute until 1973 and from 1973 to 1980 at Yaroslavl State University. From 1980 to 1985 he was a senior researcher at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. Since 1985 he is employed the Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Since 1993 he has been working part-time as a professor at the Department of Higher Geometry and Topology, Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Moscow State University. He wrote a textbook on differential differential geometry for advanced students. Chernavskii's theorem Chernavskii's theorem (1964): If and are n-manifolds and is a discrete, open, continuous mapping of into then the branch set = { x: x is an element of and fails to be a local homeomorphism at x} satisfies dimension () ≤ n – 2. Selected publications References External links 1938 births Living people Moscow State University alumni 20th-century Russian mathematicians 21st-century Russian mathematicians Differential geometers Topologists

45478407

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voices%20Deep%20Within

Voices Deep Within

Voices Deep Within is an album by pianist Cedar Walton which was recorded in 2009 and released on the Highnote label. Reception Allmusic reviewed the album stating "Walton always has something beautiful to play that sets him apart from the rest, and is as good as a ton of bullion in his golden, productive years". All About Jazz observed "Since 2001, Cedar Walton's regular excursions into Rudy Van Gelder's legendary Englewood Cliffs studio for the HighNote label have consistently resulted in some of this century's finest mainstream jazz recordings. On Voices Deep Within he continues the tradition, once again demonstrating the vitality and endurance of (t)his music. ". Track listing All compositions by Cedar Walton except as indicated "Voices Deep Within" - 6:42 "Memories of You" (Eubie Blake, Andy Razaf) - 6:07 "Another Star" (Stevie Wonder) - 8:22 "Dear Ruth" - 6:16 "Something in Common" - 6:32 "Over the Rainbow" (Harold Arlen, Yip Harburg) - 7:03 "Naima" (John Coltrane) - 6:29 "No Moe" (Sonny Rollins) - 9:05 Personnel Cedar Walton - piano Vincent Herring - tenor saxophone Buster Williams - bass Willie Jones III - drums Production Don Sickler - producer Rudy Van Gelder - engineer References Cedar Walton albums 2009 albums HighNote Records albums Albums recorded at Van Gelder Studio

4454283

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FGI

FGI

FGI may refer to: Fagali'i Airport, in Samoa Faith and Globalisation Initiative, an international group of universities Fashion Group International, a professional organization in the fashion industry FASA Games, Inc. Functional group interconversion Functional Genetics, Inc, e.g. FGI-103, FGI-104, FGI-106.

6580554

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/When%20You%20Were%20Mine%20%28Prince%20song%29

When You Were Mine (Prince song)

"When You Were Mine" is a song written and released by Prince on his 1980 album, Dirty Mind. Though not released as a single, the song received a promotional 12" release (which included "Gotta Broken Heart Again" and "Uptown"). "When You Were Mine" was later the B-side for Prince's "Controversy" single in 1981. Prince performed the song many times in concert, and a live version was included on his 2002 live album, One Nite Alone... Live! The original studio version was also included on The Hits/The B-Sides in 1993. Prince said he was inspired to write the rock song while listening to John Lennon. The track includes a Farfisa-inspired organ sound played on an Oberheim OB-X. Cyndi Lauper version Cyndi Lauper's mid-tempo ballad cover version of "When You Were Mine" is also synthesizer-based for her 1983 debut album, She's So Unusual. She performed the single at the 1985 American Music Awards. It was released exclusively as a promotional single in the United States and received a commercial release in Canada and Japan. Track listing Canada 7" single "When You Were Mine" (Single Version) – 4:00 "Yeah Yeah" – 3:17 Japan 7" single "When You Were Mine" "I'll Kiss You" Charts References 1980 songs 1983 singles 1985 singles Prince (musician) songs Cyndi Lauper songs Mitch Ryder songs Songs written by Prince (musician) Song recordings produced by Prince (musician) Song recordings produced by Rick Chertoff Epic Records singles

64075945

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCfner

Küfner

Küfner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Matthias Küfner (born 1981), German footballer Robert A. Küfner (born 1988), German entrepreneur, author and investor

57011182

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/118%20Reunion

118 Reunion

118 大团圆 (118 Reunion) also known as (要要发 大团圆) is a Singaporean television drama series produced by Mediacorp that ran for 23 episodes on Mediacorp Channel 8. The show aired at 9pm on weekdays and had a repeat telecast at 8am the following day. It stars Chew Chor Meng, Pan Lingling, Dennis Chew, Ya Hui, Somaline Ang, Sora Ma, Chen Hanwei, Sheila Sim, He Yingying, , Kate Pang, Zong Zijie, Richie Koh, Kayly Loh & Chen Yixi as the casts of the series. Plot This drama revolves around the original cast of “118”, telling the story of love and kinship. Da Ming (Chew Chor Meng) dedicates most of his time helping the elderly in the neighborhood, thus neglecting his wife, Mei Mei (Pan Lingling). To spite Da Ming, Mei Mei joins a beauty pageant and eventually attracts the attention of a wealthy man! A fortune teller tells Shun Feng (Dennis Chew) to have a child by the end of this year, or he shall remain childless. To add on to his stress, he finds out that his wife, Mei Zhen (Sora Ma), has been seeing Jian Guo (Zen Chong) behind his back! Ah Niang (Chen Hanwei) is a first - time father and his overly cautious personality drives his wife, Shan Shan (Sheila Sim), up the wall. She later becomes interested in rock climbing and forges a close friendship with her instructor, Arthur (Chen Yi Xi). In spite of all their personal problems, will Da Ming and his family embrace the upcoming New Year on a happy note? Cast Hong (Daming) Family Deng (Baoli)'s Family Other characters Original Sound Tracks (OST) This is the only series which do not have the same theme song with 118 and 118 II. {| class="wikitable" |- ! No. ! Song ! Performers |- | rowspan="2| 1) || rowspan="2 |干杯 || Li Feihui 黎沸挥 |- | Cavin Soh 苏梽诚 |- | 2) || 如果没遇见你 || Ya Hui 雅慧 |- | rowspan="2| 3) || rowspan="2| 老地方 || Chew Chor Meng 周初明 |- | Pan Lingling 潘玲玲 |- | 4) || 你说我说他说 || Dennis Chew 周崇庆 |- | rowspan="2| 5) || rowspan="2| 朦朦的 || Bonnie Loo 罗美仪 |- | Li Feihui 黎沸挥 |- | rowspan="2| 6) || rowspan="2| 我来弹你来唱 || Chew Chor Meng 周初明 |- | Pan Lingling 潘玲玲 |- | 7) || 热情的海洋 || Kate Pang 庞雷馨 |- | rowspan="6| 8) || rowspan="6| 大地回春 (CNY Special) || Chew Chor Meng 周初明 |- | Pan Lingling 潘玲玲 |- | Ya Hui 雅慧 |- | Hong Ling 洪凌 |- | He Yingying 何盈莹 |- | Richie Koh 许瑞奇 |} Release and reception The series was released on 8 January 2018 as part of Mediacorp's Chinese New Year release. Zaobao's Ling Zi (玲子) reviewed that the series resolved several issues that occurred in the previous installment, 118 II, and had brought new faces to the cast. The storyline was also roundabout in delivering its message of "family is still the warmest". References Singapore Chinese dramas

69578607

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utop%C3%ADa%20Live%20from%20MetLife%20Stadium

Utopía Live from MetLife Stadium

Utopía Live from MetLife Stadium is the second live album and second concert film by American singer Romeo Santos as a solo artist. It is based on the sold-out concert that took place on September 21, 2019, at MetLife Stadium. The film version was premiered on June 25, 2021, on Pay-Per-View along with a documentary titled Romeo Santos: King of Bachata. Both films were later released on July 30, 2021, on HBO Max. The live album was later released on September 10, 2021, 11 days before the 2 year anniversary of the concert. Track listing A lot of songs were performed at the concert with multiple artist. Only these artist made it to the album and film. Only 23 songs were shown in the film in which 20 of them made it to the audio only version. It met that 3 of them didn't make in the live album. References 2021 live albums Romeo Santos live albums Sony Music Latin live albums Spanish-language live albums

41919102

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Billboard%20Hot%20100%20top-ten%20singles%20in%201962

List of Billboard Hot 100 top-ten singles in 1962

This is a list of singles that have peaked in the top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100 during 1962. Top-ten singles 1961 peaks 1963 peaks See also 1962 in music List of Hot 100 number-one singles of 1962 (U.S.) Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1962 References General sources Joel Whitburn Presents the Billboard Hot 100 Charts: The Sixties () Additional information obtained can be verified within Billboard's online archive services and print editions of the magazine. 1962 United States Hot 100 Top 10

67736832

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%20Wisbech%20Town%20Council%20election

2015 Wisbech Town Council election

The Wisbech Town Council elections were held the same time as the 2015 United Kingdom local elections. It used the new boundaries from The Fenland (Electoral Changes) Order 2014 Ward results Key = sitting councillor References 2015 English local elections May 2015 events in the United Kingdom 2010s in Cambridgeshire

16958266

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest%20Park%20Southeast%2C%20St.%20Louis

Forest Park Southeast, St. Louis

Forest Park Southeast (FPSE) is a neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri. It is bordered by Interstate 64 (U.S. Route 40) to the north, Vandeventer Avenue to the east, Interstate 44 to the south, and Kingshighway Boulevard and Forest Park to the west. Adjoining neighborhoods include Kings Oak and The Hill to the west, Southwest Garden to the south, Botanical Heights to the southeast, Midtown to the east, and the Central West End to the north. The commercial district along Manchester Avenue, which bisects the neighborhood, is branded as The Grove. History In the late 18th century, prior to the founding of St. Louis, present-day Forest Park Southeast was part of a region of communal French farms known as Prairie des Noyers ("Meadows of the Walnut Trees"). Following the Louisiana Purchase, the area's complex land titles were gradually assigned to private owners, who then sold to speculators. By the 1820s, the area was part of a large tract owned by Samuel McRee (namesake of McRee Town, today Botanical Heights). A portion of this tract containing modern-day Forest Park Southeast was sold to Henry Shaw in the 1840s, and the Missouri Pacific Railroad purchased its right-of-way at the southern edge of the neighborhood in 1850. Despite the arrival of the railroad, the area remained undeveloped through the American Civil War. The area was annexed by the city of St. Louis in 1876, when the city limits shifted westward from Grand Boulevard to Skinker Boulevard. In the following decade, multiple streetcar lines were extended westward into the neighborhood, spurring the development of Forest Park Southeast as a streetcar suburb. Gibson Heights, located in the northwestern quadrant of modern-day Forest Park Southeast, became the area's first residential development in 1880. Between 1880 and 1900, the neighborhood grew rapidly, and a vibrant commercial district developed along Manchester Avenue. While its proximity to industry and railroads made it less desirable than the affluent Central West End to the north, Forest Park Southeast was ideally situated to house a diverse working-class population of merchants, tradesmen, and laborers. Forest Park Southeast was largely built out by 1910, and it experienced its final wave of construction in the mid-1920s as St. Louis's population continued to disperse to the west. Beginning in the 1960s, deindustrialization and suburbanization resulted in severe disinvestment in and depopulation of the neighborhood. By the 1990s, the neighborhood had developed a significant crime problem and a third of its population was under the federal poverty line. Gentrification of Forest Park Southeast began in the 1990s with the arrival of LGBT-oriented bars and clubs along Manchester Avenue, establishing the neighborhood as a gay village. These nightlife establishments revitalized a largely abandoned retail district, which diversified into daytime restaurants and stores during the 2000s. By the end of that decade, local business owners began branding the Manchester Avenue retail district as "The Grove", a reference to the historic Adams Grove residential development in the southern portion of the neighborhood. The branding of the district was formalized in 2009 with the creation of The Grove Community Improvement District (CID), which levies a special sales tax to fund public improvements within its boundaries. The proximity of the neighborhood to the Washington University Medical Center and Cortex Innovation Community has accelerated gentrification. The Washington University Medical Center Redevelopment Corporation (WUMCRC) has invested heavily in the neighborhood since the 1990s with the purchase and redevelopment of over 500 vacant or abandoned properties. WUMCRC has partnered with local developers to build a mix of market-rate and affordable single-family housing on these properties, which are largely concentrated in the southern half of the neighborhood. In 2017, a form-based zoning code was created in order to regulate the urban design of new development in the neighborhood. Demographics In 2020 the neighborhood's population was 36.1% Black, 46.2% White, 0.2% Native American, 7.0% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 7.3% Two or More Races, and 3.2% Some Other Race. 4.7% of the population was of Hispanic or Latino origin. See also Botanical Heights, St. Louis, neighborhood to the east Central West End, St. Louis, neighborhood to the north Midtown St. Louis, the nearby area References Sources National Register of Historic Places - Nomination Forms External links Forest Park Southeast neighborhood website Neighborhoods in St. Louis

6595580

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JackBe

JackBe

JackBe Corporation was a privately held vendor of enterprise mashup software for real-time intelligence applications. In August 2013 JackBe was acquired by Software AG JackBe's flagship product is an enterprise mashup platform called Presto, which is used for enterprise mashups, business management dashboards, and real-time intelligence applications. Enterprise Mashup Products JackBe’s main product, Presto, is an enterprise mashup platform. Presto provides real-time intelligence through functionality for self-service, on-demand data integration, and business dashboards. JackBe launched a cloud computing-based version of its Presto product in March 2010. It is hosted on Amazon EC2. Jackbe launched Mashup Sites for SharePoint (MSS) in July 2010 Jackbe announced an Enterprise App Depot in 2010 as a platform for creating internal application directories. The Enterprise App Depot is aimed at non-developers (business users), allowing them to create new business applications and then share the applications with other users. Industry analyst Joe McKendrick described the Enterprise App Store as a "cool idea" on ZDNet. See also Mashup (web application hybrid) EMML Real-time business intelligence References External links Company website Mashup (web application hybrid) Software companies based in Maryland Web services Web development software Rich web applications Development software companies Service-oriented (business computing) 2013 mergers and acquisitions Business intelligence companies Real-time computing Software companies of the United States

56831817

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Brazil%20relations

Azerbaijan–Brazil relations

Bilateral relations exist between Azerbaijan and Brazil. History In December 1991, Brazil recognized the independence of Azerbaijan after the Dissolution of the Soviet Union. In October 1993, both nations established diplomatic relations. In 1995, during the 50th United Nations General Assembly in New York City, Brazilian President Fernando Henrique Cardoso met then Azerbaijani President Haydar Aliyev. In 1997, the chairman of the Supreme Council of Azerbaijan, Rasul Guliyev, visited Brazil to negotiate the purchase of agricultural machinery, sugar, and chicken; the formation of joint-ventures in the oil sector of the Caspian; the participation in the financing of projects in Azerbaijan and the presence of Brazilian companies in the country. On June 22, 2009, the Embassy of the Federal Republic of Brazil was opened in Azerbaijan. On February 10, 2012, Elnur Sultanov was appointed Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Azerbaijan to the Federative Republic of Brazil. Since 2017, Elkhan Polukhov has been the ambassador of Azerbaijan to Brazil. Official visits In April 2006, Azeri Foreign Minister Elmar Mammadyarov paid a visit to Brazil (and again in 2013). In May 2009, Brazil opened a resident embassy in Baku. In 2012, Azerbaijan opened a resident embassy in Brasília. Delegation led by the First Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Azerbaijan Yagub Eyyubov attended the UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio + 20) in Rio de Janeiro on June 20–22, 2012. On February 1, 2013, Foreign Minister Elmar Mammadyarov met with Brazilian Foreign Minister Antonio Patriota within the Munich Security Forum. On April 22–26, 2013, the Minister of Youth and Sports of Azerbaijan Azad Rahimov paid an official visit to Brazil. In 2013, Foreign Minister Elmar Mammadyarov paid a second visit to Brazil. On November 24–27, 2013, Deputy Foreign Minister Araz Azimov held political consultations with Brazilian Deputy Foreign Minister Carlos Paranyos in Brazil. Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Brazil Hadil da Roche Viana arrived in Azerbaijan to participate in the IV International Humanitarian Forum held on October 2–3, 2014 in Baku. November 5–7, 2014 Brazilian Minister of Sports Aldo Rebelo paid an official visit to Azerbaijan. In November 2017, Brazilian Foreign Minister Aloysio Nunes paid a visit to Azerbaijan. On May 3–4, 2019, President of the House of Deputies of the Brazilian National Congress Rodrigo Maia paid an official visit to Azerbaijan. Inter-parliamentary relations On September 4, 2013, the Brazil-Azerbaijan Friendship Group was established at the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies. The president of the friendship group is MP Claudio Cajado. On May 27 - June 2, 2013, Nelson Pellegrino, President of the Committee on Foreign Affairs and National Defense of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of Brazil and MP Claudio Cajado and MP Urzeni Roche visited Azerbaijan to take part in the World Forum on Intercultural Dialogue. Four deputies, including President of the Brazil-Azerbaijan Friendship Group, Cláudio Cajado, paid a visit to Azerbaijan to attend the 3rd Baku International Humanitarian Forum held October 31-November 1, 2013. On March 16–18, 2015, members of the National Assembly of the Republic of Azerbaijan Asim Mollazade, Mukhtar Babayev, and Aslan Jafarov paid an official visit to Brazil. Atila Lins, Chairman of the Foreign Relations Secretariat of the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies visited Azerbaijan on September 15–16, 2015. On March 5, 2016, an Azerbaijani-Brazilian Working Group was established in the Milli Majlis of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The head of the working group is MP Asim Mollazade. Humanitarian issues At the Cultural Center of the Bank of Brazil (Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil), Azerbaijani films were shown in the capital Brazilia (6-11 August 2013), Rio de Janeiro (14-19 August 2013) and San Paolo (4-8 September 2013). On November 19, 2013, in honor of the 20th anniversary of the establishment of Brazil-Azerbaijan diplomatic relations, a concert was held in the Brazilian capital, led by People's Artist Maestro Yalchin Adigozalov. On December 11, 2014, the work of the Azerbaijani playwright, playwright Ilyas Afandiyev staged at the Theater of the Rio de Janeiro of the Brazilian Ministry of Culture (FUNARTE). On November 17 - December 2, 2015, the first screening of Azerbaijani feature films took place at the Santander Cultures Cultural Center in Porto Alegre, Brazil. On March 9–13 and April 6–11, 2016, Azerbaijan Film Week was held in the Cultural Centers of the Bank of Brazil (CCBB) in São Paulo and Brazilia. Agreements In 2016, both nations signed a Memorandum of Understanding on cooperation in trade and investment areas. Trade In 2017, trade between Azerbaijan and Brazil totaled US$160 million. Azerbaijan's main exports to Brazil include: industrial fatty acids, oils, and alcohols. Brazil's main exports to Azerbaijan include: meat, tobacco, and machinery. In 2013, Azerbaijan Airlines (AZAL) ordered four E-190 aircraft from Embraer and two E-170 aircraft from ECC Leasing (an Embraer subsidiary). The transaction reached a value of US$230 million. Resident diplomatic missions Azerbaijan has an embassy in Brasília. Brazil has an embassy in Baku. See also Foreign relations of Azerbaijan Foreign relations of Brazil Immigration to Brazil References Brazil Bilateral relations of Brazil

43984185

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith%20Edwards%20%28rugby%20league%29

Keith Edwards (rugby league)

Keith Edwards (born 1947) is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s and 1970s. Playing career A local junior, Edwards played for the South Sydney Rabbitohs for six seasons between 1969 and 1975. He is best remembered as a winger in the victorious 1971 Grand Final team. He retired at the conclusion of the 1975 season. References South Sydney Rabbitohs players Australian rugby league players Living people 1947 births Rugby league wingers Date of birth missing (living people) Rugby league players from Sydney

30747816

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrube%C5%A1

Hrubeš

Hrubeš is a Czech surname. Notable people with the surname include: Josef Hrubeš (1916–?), Czech boxer Karel Hrubeš (born 1993), Czech footballer See also Horst Hrubesch (born 1951), German football player and manager Czech-language surnames

47518568

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20E.%20Ford

William E. Ford

William E. Ford (born June 18, 1961) is an American businessman. He is the Chairman and CEO of General Atlantic, a global growth equity firm with $34 billion in assets under management as of March 31, 2020. Under Ford’s leadership, General Atlantic has expanded its global presence, increased its capital base, and deepened its capabilities to identify and partner with high-potential growth companies across multiple business sectors and geographies. He lives in New York City. Career and education Ford has been the Chief Executive Officer of General Atlantic, a leading growth equity firm, since his appointment in 2007. He was made Chairman of the firm in 2021. Under his direction, the firm’s assets under management have increased from roughly $12 billion in 2007 to $34 billion as of March 2020. During his tenure as CEO, the firm has also continued its global expansion by opening new offices in Jakarta, Singapore, Beijing, Mexico City, and Shanghai. Additionally, General Atlantic has expanded its sector coverage through the launch of the global Consumer sector team as well as the expansion of the Healthcare sector to include Life Sciences. In addition to his roles as Chairman and CEO, Ford is chairman of General Atlantic’s Management Committee and is a member of the firm’s Investment and Portfolio Committees. Ford joined General Atlantic in 1991, having previously worked at Morgan Stanley & Co. as an investment banker. Ford has personally led a number of successful investments during his tenure as CEO of General Atlantic, including First Republic Bank (2010), IHS Markit (2010), NYMEX Holdings (2006), Priceline (1998), and E*Trade (1995). He serves on the board of General Atlantic portfolio companies ByteDance and Royalty Pharma, in addition to IHS Markit, a former portfolio company and global provider of independent financial data, tools, and infrastructure. He also serves on the board of BlackRock. He has been a director of prior General Atlantic portfolio companies including Tory Burch, First Republic Bank, NYSE Euronext, E*Trade, Priceline, and NYMEX. Ford received his M.B.A. from the Stanford Graduate School of Business in 1987 and his B.A. in Economics from Amherst College in 1983. Philanthropy and public positions Ford serves as Chair of Rockefeller University and serves on the board of trustees of the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. He also serves as Co-Chair of the Partnership for New York City and on the Board of Directors of the National Committee on United States-China Relations, Emerging Markets Private Equity Association (EMPEA), Endeavor, the McKinsey Advisory Council, and the New York State Life Science Advisory Board. Furthermore, he is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and a member of the Steering Committee for The CEO Action for Diversity. Ford also serves on the Advisory Board of Tsinghua University's School of Economics and Management. He served as a trustee of Amherst College from 2001-2013 and is a member of the Investment Committee for the College's endowment. Awards and recognition Ford was ranked #5 on Forbes Midas List in 2009 Ford was ranked #6 on Forbes Midas List in 2008 Ford has been interviewed by several publications such as Bloomberg, the Financial Times, Fortune Magazine, American Banker, The Economic Times, British American Business, Forbes, Expansion, Private Equity International, the Silicon Valley Business Journal, and LEADERS Magazine. Ford has also appeared on CNBC with David Faber. Notes External links The Rockefeller University homepage Partnership for New York City leadership page Endeavor board profile National Committee on United States-China Relations board page Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (board of Overseers and Managers page) The New York Genome Center (supporters page) Forbes’ Midas List 2009 1961 births Amherst College alumni Private equity and venture capital investors American philanthropists American investors Living people

34503411

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinnan

Rinnan

Rinnan is a village in the municipality of Levanger in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is the site of the former military camp Rinnleiret and Rinnan Station, a station on the Nordlandsbanen railway line. References Villages in Trøndelag Levanger

14894614

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mald%C3%B2n

Maldòn

"Maldòn" is a 1989 song recorded by the Guadelupian band Zouk Machine. Written and produced by Guy Houllier and Yves Honoré, the song is the first single from the album of the same name, and was released in May 1990. In France, it achieved a huge success, topping the singles charts for nine weeks. Chart performance In France, "Maldòn" debuted at number 40 on the chart edition of 26 May 1990 and reached number one four weeks later, replacing "Bo le lavabo" atop. It stayed for seven weeks at this position, then dropped to number two, being dislodged by Charles D. Lewis's summer hit "Soca Dance"; however, after six weeks at number two, it regained number one for other two weeks, then almost did not stop to fall and fell off the top 50 after 27 weeks of presence. It was the number-one single of the year in France. On the Eurochart Hot 100, "Maldòn" debuted at number 50 on 23 June 1990, peaked at number five in its fourth week, and totalled 15 weeks in the top ten and 23 weeks on the chart. It ranked number 18 on the European year-end chart. It was also much aired on radio, debuting at number 49 on the European Airplay Chart on 30 June and spending 14 weeks on the top 50 with a peak at number five in its sixth week, and was number one on French both AM and PM airplay charts, for example on 28 July 1990. Track listings 7" single "Maldòn" (remix) — 4:01 "Lanmou soley" — 5:25 CD single "Maldòn" (remix) — 4:01 "Lanmou soley" — 5:25 CD maxi "Maldòn" (D.J. remix) — 5:51 "Lanmou soley" — 5:25 "Maldòn" (remix) — 4:09 Digital download "Maldòn" (remix) — 4:01 Charts and sales Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications and sales Tropical Family version The Tropical Family, a French collective musical project for cover songs of Tropical music hits included the song "Maldòn" as the first track. The single was interpreted by Lynnsha, Fanny J and Louisy Joseph. The single entered the SNEP French Singles Chart at number 36 on 8 June 2013 and reached a peak at number 15 on 13 July 2013. Other cover versions "Maldon'" was notably covered in a live performance by French actress and singer Valérie Lemercier at the 2007 César Awards ceremony. It was also covered by Jenifer Bartoli, Sandrine Kiberlain and Natasha St-Pier for Les Enfoirés' 2006 album Le Village des Enfoirés and included in a medley named "Medley Vie quotidienne". See also List of number-one singles of 1990 (France) References External links "Maldòn", lyrics "Maldòn", music video 1989 songs 1990 singles SNEP Top Singles number-one singles Zouk Machine songs Tropical Family songs

1179857

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronzite

Bronzite

Bronzite is a member of the pyroxene group of minerals, belonging with enstatite and hypersthene to the orthorhombic series of the group. Rather than a distinct species, it is really a ferriferous variety of enstatite, which owing to partial alteration has acquired a bronze-like sub-metallic luster on the cleavage surfaces. Enstatite is magnesium silicate, MgSiO3, with the magnesium partly replaced by small amounts (up to about 12%) of Fe+2. In the bronzite variety, (Mg,Fe)SiO3, the iron(II) oxide ranges from about 12 to 30%, and with still more iron there is a passage to hypersthene. The ferriferous varieties are liable to a particular kind of alteration, known as schillerization, which results in the separation of the iron as very fine films of oxide and hydroxides along the cleavage cracks of the mineral. The cleavage surfaces therefore exhibit a metallic sheen or schiller, which is even more pronounced in hypersthene than in bronzite. The color of bronzite is green or brown; its specific gravity is about 3.3–3.4, varying with the amount of iron present. The refractive indices and optic angle increase with iron content. The enstatite endmember has a positive optic sign, whereas bronzite and hypersthene both show a negative optic sign. Like enstatite, bronzite is a constituent of many mafic to ultramafic igneous rocks, such as, norite, gabbro, and especially peridotite, and of the serpentinites which have been derived from them. It also occurs in some crystalline schist. Bronzitite, a pyroxenite of bronzite composition, is noted in the cumulate rocks of the Stillwater igneous complex of Montana. Ornamental usage Bronzite is sometimes cut and polished, usually in convex forms, for small ornamental objects, but its use for this purpose is less extensive than that of hypersthene. It often has a more-or-less distinct fibrous structure, and when this is pronounced the sheen has a certain resemblance to that of cats-eye. Masses sufficiently large for cutting are found in the norite of the Kupferberg in the Fichtelgebirge, and in the serpentine of Kraubat near Leoben in Styria. In this connection mention may be made of an altered form of enstatite or bronzite known as bastite or schiller spar. Here, in addition to schillerization, the original enstatite has been altered by hydration and the product has the approximate composition of serpentine. In color bastite is brown or green with the same metallic sheen as bronzite. The typical locality is Baste in the Radauthal, Harz, where patches of pale greyish-green bastite are embedded in a darker-colored serpentine. This rock when cut and polished makes an effective decorative stone, although little used for that purpose. References Iron(II) minerals Pyroxene group Orthorhombic minerals

44894959

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinkenba%20War%20Memorial

Pinkenba War Memorial

Pinkenba War Memorial is a heritage-listed memorial at Eagle Farm Road, Pinkenba, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Ernest Gunderson and built in 1919. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 3 October 2005. History Pinkenba War Memorial is located on a small triangular portion of land at the intersection of McBride Road and Eagle Farm Road at Pinkenba. It was unveiled on 16 August 1919, by His Excellency Governor Sir Hamilton Goold-Adams. It was erected to commemorate the men from the district who had served during World War I. A small community existed at Pinkenba as early as the 1860s when the residents began discussing the need for a school in the district. A formal application for a school, lodged in 1874, listed 22 families with children living in the area. The early residents largely comprised small farmers, many of them of German origin. From the late nineteenth century, the abattoir of the Queensland Meat Export Company was located at Pinkenba and it remained a major employer in the district until after WWI. The wharves, servicing passenger and freight ships, were also a hub of commercial activity. In 1897, a rail link was provided to service the wharves, industries and residents of Pinkenba. During WWI, the Pinkenba wharves were the point of embarkation for many Australian troops, including members of the Australian Light Horse. Pupils from the local school visited the wharves to farewell soldiers from the district. The Pinkenba War Memorial records the names of 42 men who enlisted, eight of whom are listed as fallen. The memorial was designed and constructed by the Queensland firm of Ernest Gunderson. Gunderson was a skilled tradesman of Norwegian extraction whose firm specialized in the manufacture of bronze honour boards. The firm operated until the mid 1930s and supplied memorials all over Queensland. His best-known and largest memorial is in the main street of Gayndah. At the time of its unveiling, it was described as one of the finest in the State. Gunderson individually moulded decorative devices for his honour boards and these make them quite distinctive as a Queensland type. The Pinkenba monument features similar devices including an artillery shell encircled by a wreath. There were also a series of statuettes fixed to the monument that were removed, probably before World War II. These included mounted light horsemen located on each corner above the columns and a statuette of a soldier that stood to the north of the dome. In 1983, Brisbane City Council plumbers and sheet metal workers repaired some of the damage sustained by the monument. However, important elements including the statuettes and some lettering remain lost. In the 1960s, the character of Pinkenba changed. Many residents moved out of the area as homes were resumed to make way for proposed Eagle Farm Airport expansion. More heavy industry moved into the suburb. The War Memorial remains a vestige of the earlier more residential character of the area. Description The monument stands on a small, grassed triangular portion of road reserve at the corner of Eagle Farm and McBride Roads, Pinkenba. Approximately high, it stands within a grassed area defined by a white painted concrete curb supporting a fence of hollow metal poles linked by metal chain. A flagstaff stands to the north within the fenced area. The bronze memorial is supported on a plinth of cast rusticated-finish concrete blocks. A pedestal, similar in form to the base of a truncated obelisk comprising beaten panels with a Doric column at each corner sits on top of the plinth. It supports a square platform surmounted by a small dome. An upright artillery shell, hung with a frail bronze wreath, projects from the dome. The sides of the pedestal bear the memorial inscription and the names of the enlisted and fallen. The panel to the north bears the inscription in relief lettering; the south panel contains the names of the fallen, each an individual name plate within a decorative honour scroll; the east and west panels contain the individual name plates for the enlisted. A landscaped area incorporating trees, garden bed and park furniture is situated near the fence of the neighbouring property to the north of the monument area. A seat, picnic table, tap and large, green metal utility box in this area are not of cultural heritage significance. Heritage listing Pinkenba War Memorial was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 3 October 2005 having satisfied the following criteria. The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history. The Pinkenba War Memorial is important in demonstrating part of the pattern of Queensland's history, being associated with the national outpouring of grief at the deaths of about 60,000 Australians during WWI. During an era of strong and widespread Australian patriotism and nationalism most Queensland communities erected a public memorial to honour local participation in the war. Each monument is a unique historical documentary record. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places. The memorial is important in exemplifying many of the elements common to WWI memorials in a form that is unusual for its type. Designed as a tangible place of memory to act as a focus for public mourning in the absence of graves, the memorial displays the names of the enlisted and the dead, it is designed to endure and it is set in an area large enough to accommodate ceremonial occasions. However, the memorial demonstrates a form that is unusual for WWI memorials in that it is composed of an unusual combination of classical and non-traditional elements. The place is important because of its aesthetic significance. Together with its setting, the memorial makes a significant aesthetic contribution to the townscape of Pinkenba. It is visually striking and it is located prominently in a verdant setting. The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons. The memorial is of social and spiritual significance for the local community, having a strong and continuing association with the community as evidence of the impact of a major historical event and as the focus for annual remembrance of that event in local Anzac Day commemorative ceremonies. The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history. It is also significant as an example of the work of Ernest Gunderson, the well-known Queensland manufacturer and supplier of honour boards and memorials. References Attribution External links Queensland Heritage Register Pinkenba, Queensland World War I memorials in Queensland Articles incorporating text from the Queensland Heritage Register

26165899

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma%20probe

Gamma probe

A gamma probe is a handheld device containing a scintillation counter, for intraoperative use following injection of a radionuclide, to locate sentinel lymph nodes by their radioactivity. It is used primarily for sentinel lymph node mapping and parathyroid surgery. Gamma probes are also used for RSL (radioactive seed localization), to locate small and non-palpable breast lesions. History The sentinel node market experienced high growth in the early and mid 1990s starting with melanoma sentinel node surgical search and breast cancer sentinel node staging; both are currently considered standards of care. The use of a radioactive tracer, rather than a coloured dye, was proposed in 1984. Clinical use To locate the draining lymph nodes or sentinel lymph node from a breast cancer tumour a Technetium-99m based radiopharmaceutical is common. This may be a nanocolloid or sestamibi. Although imaging with a gamma camera may also take place, the idea of a small gamma probe is that it can be used to identify lymph nodes (or other sites) with uptake at a much higher resolution, during an operation. The probe may be collimated to further restrict the field of detection. See also Nuclear medicine Molecular Imaging References External links Video on SLN Video on Sentinel Node Mapping in Melanoma Nuclear medicine Image sensors Medical physics American inventions

12751240

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC%20Singers

BBC Singers

The BBC Singers are a British chamber choir, and the professional chamber choir of the BBC. One of the six BBC Performing Groups, the BBC Singers are based at the BBC's Maida Vale Studios in London. The only full-time professional British choir, the BBC Singers feature in live concerts, radio transmissions, recordings and education workshops. The choir often performs alongside other BBC Performing Groups, such as the BBC Symphony Orchestra, and is a regular guest at the BBC Proms. Broadcasts are given from locations around the country, including St Giles-without-Cripplegate and St Paul's Knightsbridge. The BBC Singers regularly perform alongside leading international orchestras and conductors, and makes invitational appearances at national events such as the funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales in Westminster Abbey. Notable former members of the group include Sir Peter Pears, Sarah Connolly, Judith Bingham and Harry Christophers. History In 1924, the BBC engaged Stanford Robinson as Chorus Master. He formed a choir for a performance of Rutland Boughton's Immortal Hour. This choir, known as 'The Wireless Chorus', was thereafter established as a full-time professional choir. In 1927, the BBC created an octet named 'The Wireless Singers', drawn from members of the Wireless Chorus, for performances where fewer singers were required. Guest conductors of both groups during these early years included Sir Edward Elgar, Igor Stravinsky, Arnold Schoenberg and John Barbirolli. In 1931, the Wireless Chorus was invited to perform at the Festival of the International Society for Contemporary Music, the first time this event had been held in Britain. With the arrival of Leslie Woodgate as general chorus master in 1934, the group was renamed the BBC Singers, and divided into two octets, known as Singers A and Singers B, one specialising in less standard repertoire including Renaissance polyphony and madrigals, the other in light music and revue numbers. Singers A were typically paid £1 per week more than Singers B. In 1939, Woodgate described the operation and function of the various BBC choirs, including the professional choir, in an interview with The Musical Times. During the Second World War, the choir was forced to relocate several times from its base in Maida Vale, briefly taking up residence in Bristol, Bangor and Bedford. In 1945, the choir gave the premiere of Francis Poulenc's wartime cantata Figure humaine from the Concert Hall of Broadcasting House. After the war, from the late 1940s onwards, the BBC Singers began to tour across Europe, under the direction of conductors such as Herbert von Karajan, Wilhelm Furtwängler and Bruno Walter. In England, the choir it worked with George Enescu, Sir Thomas Beecham, Otto Klemperer and Igor Stravinsky. From 1946, they became a regular feature of the BBC's new radio arts network, the Third Programme. During the middle years of the twentieth century, the choir premiered major works by Darius Milhaud, Frank Martin, Paul Hindemith, Gerald Finzi, Sir Michael Tippett, Pierre Boulez, Sir Arthur Bliss and Karol Szymanowski. Pierre Boulez began a lifelong association with the choir in 1964. Woodgate died in 1961. That same year, Peter Gellhorn took over the choir. He re-organised the professional contingent, scrapping the A-B division in favour of a single force of 28 voices, which was renamed the 'BBC Chorus'. Following the appointment of John Poole as chorus master in 1972, the choir reverted to its previous name, the 'BBC Singers'. The appointment of Bo Holten as Guest Conductor in 1991 introduced a new focus and approach to Early Music. The BBC Singers now work regularly with Early Music specialists, including Peter Phillips (Tallis Scholars) and Robert Hollingworth (I Fagiolini). Stephen Cleobury, chief conductor of the choir from 1995 to 2007, now has the title of conductor laureate with the choir. Bob Chilcott is the current principal guest conductor of the choir. David Hill was the most recent conductor from 2007 to 2017. Sofi Jeannin first guest-conducted the choir in January 2017. In May 2017, the BBC announced her appointment as the choir's next chief conductor, the first woman to be named to the post, effective July 2018. Choir directors and chief conductors Stanford Robinson (1924-1932) Leslie Woodgate (1934-1961) Peter Gellhorn (1961-1972) John Poole (1972-1989) Simon Joly (1989-1995) Stephen Cleobury (1995-2007) David Hill (2007-2017) Sofi Jeannin (2018–present) Commissioned works Over its history, the BBC Singers has performed and commissioned more than a hundred new works. These include pieces by Benjamin Britten's A Boy was Born (1934), and works by Michael Berkeley, Sir Richard Rodney Bennett, John Casken, Sir Peter Maxwell Davies, Thea Musgrave, Edmund Rubbra, Robert Saxton, Sir John Tavener, Sir Michael Tippett and Iannis Xenakis. Select list of commissioned works: Judith Bingham – A Winter Walk at Noon – First broadcast 2 March 1986 Benjamin Britten – A Shepherd's Carol & Chorale: Our Father Whose Creative Will – First broadcast 24 December 1944 Sir Peter Maxwell Davies – Apple-Basket: Apple-Blossom – First broadcast 23 December 1990 James Dillon – Viriditas – First broadcast 24 April 1994 Nicola LeFanu – The Story of Mary O'Neill – First broadcast 4 January 1989 Thea Musgrave – For the Time Being: Advent – First broadcast 18 July 1987 Edmund Rubbra – Veni, Creator Spiritus – First broadcast 5 August 1966 Sir Michael Tippett – The Weeping Babe – First broadcast 24 December 1944 Iannis Xenakis – Sea Nymphs – First broadcast 16 September 1994 In 2002, Edward Cowie became the BBC Singers' first Associate Composer, with the functions of composing new works each year for performance by the choir, and participating in workshops with young composers from schools, universities and music colleges. Judith Bingham was the next to fill this position, in 2004. Gabriel Jackson took the post in 2010. Select discography Judith Bingham – Remoter Worlds – David Hill (conductor) 2008, Catalogue No. Signum Classics SIGCD144 Judith Weir – The Welcome Arrival of Rain – BBC Symphony Orchestra, Martyn Brabbins (conductor) 2008, Catalogue No. NMC D137 Leoš Janáček – The Excursions of Mr Broucek – BBC Symphony Orchestra, Jirí Belohlávek (conductor) 2008 Elizabeth Maconchy – Music for voices – Odaline de la Martinez (conductor) 2007, Catalogue No. LNT127 Sergei Rachmaninoff – Francesca di Rimini – BBC Philharmonic, Gianandrea Noseda (conductor) 2007, Catalogue No. Chandos 10442 Bob Chilcott – Man I Sing – Bob Chilcott, (conductor) 2007, Catalogue No. Signum Classics SIGCD100 Brian Ferneyhough – Choral works – Lontano, Odaline de la Martinez (conductor) 2007, Catalogue No. Metier msv28501 Michael Tippett – Choral Images – Stephen Cleobury (conductor) 2007 Catalogue No. Signum Classics SIGCD092 Paul Dukas – Ariane et Barbe-bleue – BBC Symphony Orchestra, Leon Botstein (conductor) 2007, Catalogue No. TELARC 80680 Benjamin Britten – Death in Venice – City of London Sinfonia, Richard Hickox (conductor) 2005, Chandos 10280(2) One Star, At Last – A selection of carols of our time – Stephen Cleobury (conductor) 2005, Catalogue No. Signum Classics SIGCD067 Alexander Levine – Kolokolà – James Morgan (conductor) 2005, Catalogue No. Albany TROY736 See also BBC Orchestras and Singers References Sources Sean Street, Historical Dictionary of British Radio, pp. 54–55 External links BBC Singers official website BBC Singers discography Divine Art blog, 'BBC National Chorus and Orchestra & Wireless Singers' AllMusic.com page on the BBC Singers Singers British choirs Classical music in the United Kingdom Chamber choirs Musical groups established in 1924 1924 establishments in the United Kingdom Albany Records artists

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikephoros%20Diogenes

Nikephoros Diogenes

Nikephoros Diogenes (), Latinized as Nicephorus Diogenes, was presumably a junior Byzantine emperor from 1070–1071. He was born in 1069 to Byzantine Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes and Empress Eudokia Makrembolitissa. He was elevated to junior emperor in 1070, although he lost this position when his father was overthrown in 1071. Emperor Alexios I Komnenos, after overthrowing Nikephoros III, made Nikephoros doux of Crete, and made him a general. Nikephoros conspired against him in 1094, involving numerous confidants and relatives of Alexios, including Alexios' brother, Adrianos. For this conspiracy, he was blinded, in accordance with Byzantine traditions. After this, he retired to his estates, and spent the last years of his life studying classical literature. History Nikephoros was born 1069 to Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes. Nikephoros was presumably elevated to junior emperor in 1070, despite being the second son. Although his half-brother Constantine Diogenes was the eldest son, he was borne of Romanos' unnamed first wife, who was the daughter of Alusian of Bulgaria, and therefore was excluded from the succession when Romanos married Eudokia Makrembolitissa. Nikephoros was removed as co-emperor in 1071, after the deposition of Romanos IV Diogenes by Michael VII. Michael VII ruled until 1078, when Nikephoros III Botaneiates overthrew him on 24 March. Nikephoros III was himself overthrown by Alexios I Komnenos in 1081. Alexios is said to have treated the sons of Diogenes, including Nikephoros, "as if they were his own". Nikephoros was made doux of Crete by Alexios I Komnenos sometime in the early 1090s, likely either 1089–1091 or 1092–1094. He was also probably granted significant estates in Crete at the same time as his appointment. In June 1094 Nikephoros began to conspire against Alexios, seeking to kill him and install himself as emperor. Because he was a porphyrogenitos, being born to Romanos while he was still reigning, he had more legitimacy than Alexios, who was only related by blood to the throne through his uncle Isaac I Komnenos. Nikephoros was also described as having many positive characteristics, such as natural charm, magnetic personality, and good looks. In her Alexiad, Anna Komnene, the daughter of Alexios, describes him: Nikephoros' revolt involved a huge number of Alexios' confidants and relatives, including former Empress Maria of Alania, Alexios' brother-in-law Michael Taronites, and indeed Alexios' full brother Adrianos Komnenos. The full list of names of conspirators are not known, but they are known to include leading members of the senate, army officers, and powerful aristocrats. Very few names are given by Anna Komnene, although it is considered likely this was more because the full extent was an embarrassment, than her own lack of knowledge. Nikephoros twice attempted to assassinate Alexios in person, however, the first time he was not able to do so because of the presence of a maid fanning mosquitoes off of the emperor, and the second time he was halted by a guard. Alexios became suspicious of Nikephoros, and ordered his brother Adrianos to investigate. Adrianos, who was already a member of the conspiracy, reported that he found nothing suspicious. Alexios, still suspicious, then arrested Nikephoros, and after being tortured, Nikephoros confessed the full extent of the conspiracy. Nikephoros was blinded in 1094 for conspiring against Alexios, which was a standard punishment for conspirators in Byzantine culture. The punishments inflicted upon the others conspirators are not fully known, however Alexios' brother Adrianos disappears from history after the conspiracy was discovered, and Michael Taronites was only spared by the intervention of his wife, Maria Komnene, who was the sister of Alexios. After being blinded, Nikephoros retired to his estates, and spent the remaining years of his life studying classical literature, having secretaries read out the texts to him. After 1094, nothing more is heard of Nikephoros. In 1095 an impostor of Nikephoros, Pseudo-Diogenes, convinced the Cuman chieftains Boniak and Tugorkan to invade the Byzantine Empire, dethrone Alexios, install himself as emperor. The Cumans occupied Paristrion before being repulsed by Byzantine forces, led by Alexios. References Bibliography Further reading Nikephoros Diogenes' profile in the Prosopography of the Byzantine World. Nikephoros 11th-century Byzantine people Byzantine generals Doukid dynasty Nikephoros Year of death unknown Byzantine junior emperors Generals of Alexios I Komnenos 1060s births Sons of Byzantine emperors

57330308

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriola%20minor

Gabriola minor

Gabriola minor is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in North America. The MONA or Hodges number for Gabriola minor is 6784. References Further reading Nacophorini Articles created by Qbugbot Moths described in 1974

26201579

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heatseeker%20%28disambiguation%29

Heatseeker (disambiguation)

A heatseeker is a type of missile guided by infrared homing. Heatseeker may also refer to: "Heatseeker" (song), a song by AC/DC "Heat Seeker" (song), a song by Dreamers (band) with Grandson Heatseeker (video game), a 2007 jet fighter game One of the Top Heatseekers, Billboard song and album charts for new and developing acts

14504946

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hills%2C%20Western%20Australia

Hills, Western Australia

Hills, Western Australia may refer to: Perth Hills Wongan Hills, Western Australia

2738112

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eadwine%20of%20Sussex

Eadwine of Sussex

Eadwine was an Ealdorman of Sussex. His death was recorded in 982 and he was buried Abingdon Abbey in Berkshire, where one version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle was compiled. According to the abbey’s records, in which he was called princeps Australium Saxonum, Eadwinus nomine, he bequeathed estates to them in his will, although the document itself has not survived. Earlier in the same year he witnessed a charter of King Æðelræd Unræd as Eaduuine dux. His name was also added to a forged charter dated 956 (possibly an error for 976). References External links 982 deaths 10th-century English monarchs Anglo-Saxon ealdormen Year of birth unknown South Saxon monarchs

14928321

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmina%20D%C4%85bie%2C%20Lubusz%20Voivodeship

Gmina Dąbie, Lubusz Voivodeship

Gmina Dąbie is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Krosno Odrzańskie County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. Its seat is the village of Dąbie, which lies approximately south-east of Krosno Odrzańskie and west of Zielona Góra. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2019 its total population is 4,930. Villages Gmina Dąbie contains the villages and settlements of Brzeźnica, Budynia, Ciemnice, Dąbie, Dąbki, Godziejów, Gola, Gronów, Kosierz, Łagów, Lubiatów, Mokry Młyn, Nowy Zagór, Pław, Połupin, Stary Zagór, Suchy Młyn, Szczawno and Trzebule. Neighbouring gminas Gmina Dąbie is bordered by the gminas of Bobrowice, Czerwieńsk, Krosno Odrzańskie, Nowogród Bobrzański and Świdnica. Twin towns – sister cities Gmina Dąbie is twinned with: Lieberose/Oberspreewald, Germany References Dabie Krosno Odrzańskie County

2366307

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanditheemu%20%28Shaviyani%20Atoll%29

Kanditheemu (Shaviyani Atoll)

Kanditheemu (Dhivehi: ކަނޑިތީމު) is one of the inhabited islands of Shaviyani Atoll administrative and geographically part of the Miladhummadulhu Atoll in the Maldives. History The oldest written sample of the Thaana script in which the Dhivehi language is written is found in Kanditheemu. It is inscribed on the door posts of the main Hukuru Miskiy (Friday mosque) of the island. The dates 1008AH (1599AD) and 1020AH (1611AD) are written on either sides of the door as the dates for the building and the renewal of the roof during the reigns of Ibrahim Kalaafaan (Sultan Ibrahim III) and Hussain Faamuladeyri Kilege (Sultan Hussain II) respectively. Geography The island is north of the country's capital, Malé. The island lies on the North West of the atoll near the border with Miladhunmadulhu-Thiladhunmathi atoll borders. The total land area of the island is and surrounded by deep lagoons on the northern and southern end of the island, where boats can be anchored. The main occupation of the people of Kanditheemu is fishing. Demography References Divehiraajjege Jōgrafīge Vanavaru. Muhammadu Ibrahim Lutfee. G.Sōsanī. Malé 1999. The Islands of Maldives. Hasan A. Maniku. Novelty. Male 1983. A Concise Etymological Vocabulary of Dhivehi Language. Hasan A. Maniku. Speedmark. Colombo 2000. Islands of the Maldives

39298080

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bondarev

Bondarev

Bondarev (masculine, ) or Bondareva (feminine, ) is a Russian surname, derived from the word "бондарь" (cooper). It may refer to:. Notable people with the surname include: Timofei Bondarev (1820 – 1898), Russian philosopher Aleksei Bondarev (born 1987), Russian footballer Alexei Bondarev (born 1983), Kazakhstani ice hockey player Arseny Bondarev (born 1985), Russian ice hockey player Konstantin Bondarev (born 1972), Ukrainian politician Stanislav Bondarev (born 1968), Russian footballer Viktor Bondarev (born 1959), Russian Air Force general Vitaliy Bondarev (born 1985), Ukrainian footballer Yuri Bondarev (1924–2020), Russian writer Olga Bondareva(1937-1991) , Russian mathematician and economist Russian-language surnames

4192846

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Street%2C%20Melbourne

William Street, Melbourne

William Street is a major street in the central business district of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It runs roughly north–south from Flinders Street to Victoria Street, and was laid out in 1837 as part of the original Hoddle Grid. The street is located in-between King Street and Queen Street. Notable landmarks on William Street include the Queen Victoria Market, the Flagstaff Gardens, Immigration Museum, Supreme Court of Victoria, AMP Square, Australian Club and 140 William Street (formerly BHP House). History 2007 shooting incident On 18 June 2007, a shooting incident occurred on the corner of Flinders Lane and William Street when an unknown man shot and killed a pedestrian and wounded two others. Christopher Hudson later pleaded guilty to the shootings. 2017 car attack On 20 January 2017, a car was driven into pedestrians in the CBD of Melbourne, killing 5 and injuring over 20. The driver was stopped when police shot him in the arm and subsequently pulled him from his vehicle on William Street (at the corner of Bourke Street). Notable buildings Several buildings and structures on William Street are listed on the Victorian Heritage Register and/or classified by the National Trust of Australia. These include: 140 William Street (former BHP House) Australian Club Building Court of Appeal Goldsborough Mort Building Hume House Prometheus Mural in Monash House Queensland Building Royal Melbourne Mint (former) Royal Standard Hotel Scottish House Shell Corner (former) Supreme Court of Victoria Western House Law Courts precinct William Street's junction with Lonsdale Street forms the legal precinct of Melbourne. This junction is the location of the Supreme Court of Victoria, Melbourne Magistrates' Court and County Court. The Federal Court building, housing the High Court and other Federal courts, is located one block further north on the corner of William Street and La Trobe Street. Transport Flagstaff railway station is situated on William Street. Besides that, William Street is also served by a tram route. Tram route 58 runs along William Street between Peel Street and Flinders Lane. See also References Streets in Melbourne Melbourne City Centre

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%20in%20Thailand

1990 in Thailand

The year 1990 was the 209th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the 45th year of the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as the year 2533 in the Buddhist Era. Incumbents King: Bhumibol Adulyadej Crown Prince: Vajiralongkorn Prime Minister: Chatichai Choonhavan Supreme Patriarch: Nyanasamvara Suvaddhana Events 16 April - The Doi Luang National Park, covering areas in Chiang Rai, Lampang, and Phayao provinces, was inaugurated. Births Deaths References Years of the 20th century in Thailand Thailand Thailand 1990s in Thailand

19968880

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%20Nord-Kivu%20campaign

2008 Nord-Kivu campaign

The 2008 Nord-Kivu campaign was an armed conflict in the eastern Nord-Kivu province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The upsurge of violence in the Kivu conflict saw heavy battles between the Democratic Republic of Congo's army, supported by the United Nations, and Tutsi militia under General Laurent Nkunda. The fighting, which began on October 25, uprooted 250,000 civilians — bringing the total of people displaced by the Kivu conflict to more than 2 million. The campaign caused widespread civil unrest, large food shortages and what the United Nations called "a humanitarian crisis of catastrophic dimensions." After a week, a ceasefire was ordered by rebel forces amongst civil and military unrest in Goma. The rebel capture of all territory around Goma created a very fragile atmosphere of peace, caused enormous political damage, and called to question the efficacy of the peacekeepers stationed there. After a short cease-fire ordered by rebel general Laurent Nkunda, fighting broke out on November 17, after which a second ceasefire was called into effect on November 19. A buffer zone between rebel and government lines, referred to as a "humanitarian aid corridor", was created on November 23 to allow the transportation of aid to isolated civilian centers. On December 9, bilateral peace talks started between delegations from the Congolese government and Nkunda's rebels. Major fighting largely subsided after Nkunda's capture in January 2009. The continuous state of conflict affecting DR Congo since 1997 has been referred to as the deadliest since World War II, with aid agencies estimating a death rate of 1,200 to 1,400 civilians a day. Background Nkunda's rebels had been active in Nord-Kivu, a province bordering Lake Kivu in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo, since 2004, when they occupied Bukavu and allegedly committed war crimes. The aim of Nkunda's troops was to protect the Tutsi minority, which were believed to lack adequate protection against further genocidal attacks by the Hutus, who were, in turn, believed by Nkunda to have benefited from government support during the Second Congo War. Earlier, in January 2008, Nkunda's rebels had participated in peace talks; at one point they walked out, saying that other parties had attempted to arrest a member, but later returned. The talks ended with the rebels being granted immunity in exchange for withdrawing troops and allowing civilians to resettle. Timeline CNDP push towards Goma On October 26, 2008, Nkunda's rebels seized a major military camp, along with the strategically located Virunga National Park, situated on a main road leading to the city of Goma, for use as staging points. This occurred after a peace treaty failed, with the resultant fighting displacing thousands. On October 27, 2008, riots began around the United Nations compound in Goma. Civilians pelted the building with rocks and threw Molotov cocktails, claiming that the UN forces had done nothing to prevent the CNDP advance. The Congolese national army also carried out a "major retreat" due to pressure from the CNDP forces. Meanwhile, United Nations gunships and armoured vehicles were used in an effort to halt the advance of the CNDP, who claimed to be within of Goma. Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General Alan Doss explained the necessity of engaging the CNDP, stating that "...[the UN] can't allow population centers to be threatened... [the UN] had to engage." During the riots, there was at least one death due to a stampeding crowd. On October 28, 2008, five rocket-propelled grenades were fired at a convoy of UN vehicles protecting a road to the territorial capital of Rutshuru, hitting two armoured personnel carriers. The APCs, which contained Indian Army troops, were relatively undamaged, though a Lieutenant Colonel and two other personnel were injured. CNDP forces later captured Rutshuru. Meanwhile, civilians continued to riot, at some points pelting retreating Congolese troops with rocks, though UN spokeswoman Sylvie van den Wildenberg stated that the UN has "reinforced [their] presence" in the region. Ceasefire On October 29, 2008, the CNDP declared a unilateral ceasefire as they approached Goma, though they still intended to take the city. That same day a French request for an EU reinforcement of 1,500 troops was refused by several countries and appeared unlikely to materialize; however, the UN forces in place stated they would act to prevent takeovers of population centers. Throughout the day the streets of the city were filled with refugees and fleeing troops, including their tanks and other military vehicles. There were also reports of looting and commandeering of cars by Congolese troops. That night the UN Security Council unanimously adopted a non-binding resolution which condemned the recent CNDP advance and demanded it be halted. According to analysts, the ceasefire was called to preserve Nkunda's reputation, as was his later order of creating an aid corridor. Despite the ceasefire, the situation remained volatile; according to World Vision spokesman Michael Arunga, World Vision workers had to flee to the Rwandan border in order to survive, and shots were still being fired. The United States Department of State reported sending Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs Jendayi Frazer as an envoy to the region. On October 30, 2008, looting and violence by Congolese soldiers, some of them drunk, continued in Goma, though contingents of other troops and paramilitary police attempted to contain the looting by patrolling the streets in pick-up trucks. One soldier was even accused of killing a family of six, and would be court-martialed along with 11 troops who participated. Another 11 were sentenced to life in prison. Nkunda called for direct talks with the Congolese government, also stating that he would take Goma "if there is no ceasefire, no security and no advance in the peace process." Diplomatic and humanitarian effort On October 31, 2008, Nkunda declared that he would create a "humanitarian aid corridor", a no-fire zone where displaced persons would be allowed back to their homes, given the consent of the United Nations task force in the Congo. Working with the UN forces around Goma, Nkunda hoped to relocate victims of the recent fighting between his CNDP forces and UN peacekeepers (MONUC). MONUC spokesman Kevin Kennedy stated that MONUC's forces were stretched thin trying to keep peace within and around the city; recent looting by Congolese soldiers had made it harder to do so as incidents arose both within city limits and outside. According to Anneke Van Woudenberg, a Human Rights Watch researcher, more than 20 people were killed overnight in Goma alone. Meanwhile, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice contacted Rwandan President Paul Kagame to discuss a long-term solution. Also on October 31, 2008, British Foreign Minister David Miliband and French Foreign Minister Bernard Kouchner flew to the region, with the intention of stopping in Kinshasa, Goma, and possibly Kigali. Miliband said that the United Kingdom was providing £42 million in humanitarian aid to the area. On November 17, 2008, Nkunda met with UN special envoy and former President of Nigeria Olusegun Obasanjo to discuss the ceasefire amongst reports of scattered fighting in the Congo. While he backed the ceasefire, rebel troops were still reported to be active, and would later capture a village by force. Battle for Kiwanja On November 5, 2008, fighting erupted for the control of the town of Kiwanja, north of Goma. The main opponents of the rebels during the battle were Mai-Mai and Hutu Rwandan militias, who were aligned with the government. During the fighting, Congo's army was firing mortars toward rebel positions from behind militia lines. On November 6, in the nearby village of Mabenga, a Belgian journalist working for a German newspaper was kidnapped by the Mai-Mai along with his assistant and three rebel fighters. Also, Congolese journalist Alfred Nzonzo Bitwahiki Munyamariza was reported to have been shot and killed in Rutshuru during a stampede that followed the attack on Kiwanja. However, it was later confirmed that he, along with his family, escaped after rebels destroyed his house with a rocket. The battle had ended by the end of the second day of fighting, with rebel forces wresting control of Kiwanja from the Mai-Mai. When the civilian population started to return to the town on November 7, 2008, they reported finding more than a dozen bodies in the town. The villagers said rebels had killed unarmed civilians suspected of supporting the Mai-Mai, but the rebels said the dead were militia fighters who had been armed. A U.N. official said there were two rounds of executions in the town. First the Mai-Mai arrived and killed those they accused of supporting the rebels, then the rebels stormed in, killing men they charged were loyal to the Mai-Mai. Human Rights Watch said at least 20 people were killed and another 33 wounded during the battle for the town. Rebel Capt. John Imani said about 60 people had been killed in the fighting, mostly Mai-Mai. The Human Rights Watch would later find that "at least" 150 had been "summarily executed" by both sides at Kiwanja. HRW also criticized MONUC peacekeeping forces, who had been only away at the time. Fighting resumes Despite the pledges of peace by rebel leader Nkunda, fighting broke out on November 17, 2008, leading to the capture of Rwindi by rebel forces, which advanced throughout the region. Meanwhile, speculation of war crimes increased with UN reports of the death of 26 non-combatants in the village of Kiwanja, who were said to have been killed by rebels for working with government troops. The killings at Kiwanja were later confirmed at 150 or more deaths by the Human Rights Watch. Amongst brutalities was a roadblock formed of two dead Congolese army soldiers, serving as a warning to approaching forces. Recent fighting brought the death toll to approximately 100 civilians, with 200 wounded. Fall of Rwindi On November 17, 2008, after a few days of heavy artillery and mortar fire exchanges between the rebels and the military, the rebels took control of Rwindi, the headquarters of Virunga National Park. Soldiers were reported to be in full retreat and disarray while the rebels marched into the town and continued further north toward Kanyabayonga in a single-file organised column. During the bombardments, prior to the fall of the town, an Indian peacekeeper was wounded in the head by shrapnel while taking shelter in a trench. Army clashes with the Mai-Mai On November 18, 2008, rebel forces stopped their advance on Kanyabayonga and withdrew, as to create a buffer zone between them and government forces and give a chance for peace talks. Following the halt in fighting between the rebels and the Army, government soldiers started looting the towns of Kirumba and Kayna, but were attacked by the local Mai-Mai group Pareco. The Mai-Mai had been helping the government forces since the start of the conflict in their fight against the rebels. The fighting left five Mai-Mai militiamen and one government soldier dead. The Army said the conflict was the fault of the Mai-Mai, who were attempting to hamper a routine deployment. Following the fighting government soldiers laid out two charred bodies of militiamen on a dirt track in Kirumba. On November 19, 2008, Mai-Mai militia fighters calling themselves Resistance Congolese Patriots fired on APCs carrying UN peacekeepers. The militia fighters had asked for food and money, but engaged the international force after being denied. At least one of the approximately five fighters was killed, though more were reported to be in the forest. According to Lieutenant Colonel Jean-Paul Dietrich, "It was a rather small incident, but it [was] disturbing because [it was] the second time in a week", referring to the November 18 incident. The Mai-Mai had been supporting government forces, but began fighting against them with machine guns and RPGs when the government started to retreat, stating that they were "retreating too easily". General Sikuli Lafontaine said that the soldiers "...are cowards. They just flee and then rape and pillage in the cities." Rebel withdrawal and the recapture of Rwindi On November 18, 2008, Nkunda ordered rebel troops to pull back from the town of Kabasha, citing the need to avoid clashes, get humanitarian aid to the region and create "separation zones" between the government and rebel forces, which would be patrolled by UN peacekeepers; this was amongst the sacking of General Dieudonne Kayembe, armed forces chief of the Congolese army, after a chain of defeats. His replacement was cited as a bid to bolster military strength. According to MONUC commanders the town had been captured on Sunday, though they could not confirm whether withdrawal had begun. Meanwhile, the French Foreign Ministry circulated a draft asking the UN to reinforce the MONUC garrison in the Congo by 3,000. This move was stated as a possible measure of stability, but not one of peace. UN spokesman Alan Doss said that "Reinforcements are not going to resolve all the problems... Reinforcements will allow us to do something about the situation, which has deteriorated fast, help us to stabilize the situation a bit, and allow the political and diplomatic process to go forward." While the United Nations Security Council voted on Wednesday, Doss acknowledged that it could take months to get reinforcements in, but wanted to speed the process. Doss also stated that he believed the humanitarian effort was improving. On November 19, 2008, hundreds of rebel fighters retreated from the front lines to encourage peace talks. Monitored by UN aerial and ground patrols, the troops were confirmed to be retreating "from Kanyabayonga toward Kibirizi, from Kanyabayonga toward Nyanzale and from Rwindi south", according to Lieutenant Colonel Jean-Paul Dietrich. Witnesses stated that the rebels had moved south from Kanyabayonga. The retreat was ordered by leader Nkunda, who arranged it after speaking with former Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo, where they agreed on another cease-fire. The rebels still held strategic positions near places such as the town of Kibati, facing off with "demoralized" government troops. On November 20, 2008, dozens of Mai-Mai fighters entered Rwindi, which the rebels had abandoned a few days earlier. The Mai-Mai also attacked rebel forces at the villages of Katoro and Nyongera, in an attempt to advance toward Kiwanja. The rebels stopped them and reported that government and Rwandan Hutu forces from the FDLR were also involved in the fighting. UN reinforcements {{Quote box|align=right|width=35%|quote="[The reinforcements] would help to prevent the atrocities that continue to be committed against civilians on an ever greater scale here in North Kivu [province], on the border of Rwanda and Uganda... Since August 28, fighting has intensified in many areas, causing deaths, rapes, lootings, forced recruitment and further displacements of civilian populations. The population has thus been immersed in unspeakable suffering. In the last few days, fighting has drawn closer to large populated areas, such as the town of Goma. Fighting has also invaded and torn apart the region of Rutshuru, particularly in the town of Kiwanja, where hundreds of civilian deaths have now been recorded."|source=Coalitions for reinforcing the UN garrison }} On November 18, 2008, a draft resolution spearheaded by the French Foreign Ministry was presented before the United Nations Security Council. The resolution, signed by 44 different organizations and with the backing of the British Foreign Office minister Mark Malloch Brown, asked the UN to send 3,000 more peacekeepers to reinforce the 17,000-strong garrison in the Congo, which is the largest garrison of its kind. This was similar to the pleas of the Human Rights Watch and humanitarian aid groups in the region, who were also asking for reinforcements to bring stability to the area. In a shared statement, the coalition of organizations stated that "[The reinforcements] would help to prevent the atrocities that continue to be committed against civilians on an ever greater scale here in North Kivu [province], on the border of Rwanda and Uganda... Since August 28, 2008, fighting has intensified in many areas, causing deaths, rapes, lootings, forced recruitment and further displacements of civilian populations. The population has thus been immersed in unspeakable suffering. In the last few days, fighting has drawn closer to large populated areas, such as the town of Goma. Fighting has also invaded and torn apart the region of Rutshuru, particularly in the town of Kiwanja, where hundreds of civilian deaths have now been recorded." Local groups in the Congo also requested help from the European Union, as they would be able to deploy soldiers sooner, working as a "bridging force" until the UN reinforcements arrived. British EU spokeswoman Catriona Little stated that they were "not ruling in or out EU forces". On November 20, 2008, the UN voted unanimously to send 3,085 more peacekeepers, citing "extreme concern at the deteriorating humanitarian situation and in particular the targeted attacks against civilian population, sexual violence, recruitment of child soldiers and summary executions." However, it did not extend MONUC's mandate in the Congo, which expires at the end of 2008. The decision was made despite the rebel commitment to pulling back from the front lines and allowing aid to reach the thousands of people still isolated, according to aid groups. Tension between MONUC and DR Congo troops, opening of humanitarian aid corridor On November 23, 2008, government soldiers intercepted a UN convoy 2 kilometers north of Goma which was carrying 25 suspected Mai-Mai militants, unbeknownst to the government, and removed them, relocating them to Goma on the grounds of suspecting them to be rebel soldiers. The UN, which was transporting the militiamen as an "ongoing disarmament and rehabilitation process", refused to give the militants to the government troops, but eventually let them go; some witness reports stated that the government's troops forcibly removed the militiamen from the UN vehicles while an onlooking crowd insulted and threw stones at the peacekeepers. While rebel troops did abide by the temporary ceasefire, Nkunda spoke to a crowd of 1,500 in a stadium in the rebel-held town of Rutshuru to tell them to reject the recent deployment of 3,000 more peacekeepers. He stated, "They are sending another 3,000 Blue Helmets and you are applauding. You are mistaken! We will not accept outsiders coming in to provide security for us here. Either you help us in the revolution or you keep quiet with MONUC. But if you wait for MONUC to bring you peace, you can wait forever." Meanwhile, aid convoys were able to distribute medical supplies throughout the "humanitarian aid corridor", created by the rebel withdrawal. The corridor, patrolled by MONUC troops, allowed aid groups such as Merlin to access Kanyabayonga and Kirumba, which had gone for 10 days without supplies and were nearly depleted. While not nominal, the situation was referred to as "much better." "We're really pleased that we've gotten here", stated spokeswoman Louise Orton. Merge proposal between rebels and government forces On November 24, 2008, Nkunda expressed a desire to merge his rebel troops with the government's forces, reuniting the two. According to negotiator Olusegun Obasanjo talks were progressing. Obasanjo stated that Nkunda had made "demands that I do not consider outrageous and demands that the government of Congo can meet." Ideally, the talks would protect the Congo's ethnic minorities (such as the Tutsis and Hutus) and quell negotiation. The talks were slated to be held on November 28, 2008. However, even with peace talks progressing, World Vision stated that rape incidents had risen sharply, with 120 seventeen-and-under girls interviewed having been raped. The threat of children being used as soldiers had also increased, with World Vision advocacy director Sue Mbaya claiming that "A silent war has been waged against women and children." On November 26, 2008, rebel forces engaged Mai-Mai militia near the towns of Kinyando and Kwwenda despite the ceasefire, sending civilians "fleeing along highways". The UN condemned this breach of the ceasefire while calling on the Congolese government to discipline government troops, who were caught looting the village of Bulotwa. Meanwhile, a crowd of 100,000 displaced persons gathered in the rebel-held town of Rutshuru, where the United Nations were distributing supplies and medicine, intended to help combat cholera, which was reported to be affecting hundreds of people, having spread through unsanitary refugee camps. On November 29, 2008, Nkunda stated that unless the Congolese government entered into direct talks he would re-initiate the conflict. After meeting with UN special envoy Olusegun Obasanjo Nkunda stated that, "If there is no negotiation, let us say then there is war. I think the good way is negotiation. I know [the Congolese government army] have no capacity to fight so they have only one choice, negotiation." Obasanjo affirmed that the "course of peace [had] been advanced", with the Congolese government agreeing to talks but not where to hold them. Government-belligerent talks On December 8, 2008, the Congolese government sent representatives to Nairobi to negotiate with a potential collection of 20 armed groups, who had been invited to foster peace talks in hopes of ending the conflict and settling issues in what was praised as a brave "first step" towards peace. According to Congolese information minister Lambert Mende, "We want this to be an inclusive process. We don't want to leave anyone out." However, the main rebel group, Laurent Nkunda's CNDP rebels, declined to attend, as did Congolese President Joseph Kabila, as both were after bilateral talks. CNDP spokesman Bertrand Bisimwa stated that this was because the group had not been informed about the decision to invite other groups, including government-aligned militias; he affirmed the rebel decision to have one-on-one talks with the government, stating, "Our position is very clear. We will negotiate with the government and no one else. The government can negotiate with whomever it wants. But any attempt to impose Amani (previous peace talks) on us will fail." Tensions later heightened as Nkunda's rebels announced that they would walk out on the talks if other groups were included, while pro-government Mai-Mai rebels stated they would pull out of negotiations if the CDNP got their own separate talks that were not under the banner of earlier "Amani" peace talks from January 2008 which aimed to unite all of the armed groups in the Congo in peace talks. "To proceed in this way is to incite us to quit the Amani programme, the government should not forget this", claimed Mai-Mai leaders. "We are not a negligible group, we have arms... We want the CNDP to rejoin Amani. It seems that by quitting Amani, they have become more important than the other groups. We don't understand the decision by the government to go and negotiate with the CNDP... We are disappointed, it's a flagrant violation of Amani's terms." CNDP spokesman Bertrand Bisimwa stated that the rebels "are going to Nairobi to discuss only with the government outside of the Amani programme... If the government insists on staying in Amani, we'll pack our bags." CNDP representatives, led by deputy executive secretary Serge Kambasu Ngeve, had arrived in the Kenyan capital city of Nairobi believing that they would be participating in bilateral discussions with the Congolese government alone. The government representatives, led by Congolese Minister for International and Regional Cooperation Raymond Tshibanda, did not express concern, with Information Minister Lambert Mende claiming that if the CNDP wanted to walk out "that's their problem not ours. It's their problem if they don't want peace. They'll be held accountable for their acts." Meanwhile, Alan Le Roy, Under-Secretary General for Peacekeeping Operations, pressed for more action to be taken to intervene in the situation. On December 9, 2008, at 1230 (GMT) bilateral talks between the CNDP and Kinshasa government opened at the United Nations headquarters in the Kenyan capital city of Nairobi, mediated by UN envoy Olusegun Obasanjo; the respective leaders of the two groups, Laurent Nkunda and President Joseph Kabila, did not participate. Kenyan Foreign Minister Moses Wetangula issued a statement to the delegations telling them to "put aside your differences and realise that you have only one Congo, and that the international community is here with you to encourage and assist you. Please don't let Africa and your country down." The talks, chaired by President Mwai Kibaki and attended by former President of Tanzania Benjamin Mkapa, who represented the African Union, were referred to as "an opportunity that should neither be lost nor wasted" by Obasanjo, who stated that "A military solution is not an option. We appeal to your principles to make this dialogue a success." Obasanjo went on to declare that the talks should accomplish a permanent ceasefire in eastern Congo, continued reinforcement of a corridor for humanitarian assistance in the region, and a lasting peace in Congo; he also praised the delegations for their efforts. Wetangula added, "The pictures and clips we have been seeing on international TV screens remains a terrible indictment to all of us Africans, you Congolese in particular. I want you to be awake to the fact that the children, the women, the boys and girls that we see on TV every day may be your sons and daughters, may be your brothers and sisters, may be your parents. And it is for those that you are here to talk peace." Rebel spokesman Rene Abandi declared the rebels' intent to "talk quickly and go back home as quickly as possible, even though there are many issues to solve." Meanwhile, the Chinese embassy in Kinshasa, Congo, offered to help mediate the talks, having sent envoy Guojin Liu to the region the previous day to discuss a peace deal, according to ambassador Wu Zexian. At a meeting in Brussels, Belgium on December 9, 2008, European Union ministers remained divided over the issue of sending a "bridging force" of EU troops to stabilize the region until UN reinforcements could be deployed. Belgium expressed a desire to support UN troops deployed in the region. Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon had repeatedly expressed a desire earlier on to provide forces to fill the gap between UN reinforcements; the EU placed Foreign Policy chief Javier Solana and the European commission in charge of preparing a response. Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs Franco Frattini said that while he it was too early to decide whether or not Italy could donate troops to an EU battle group Italy would be glad to discuss the option if called upon. He stated, "One point is very clear, Europe should be effective. We cannot stay as inactive as we are now." Solana declared that the EU would review the calls for reinforcements, but "that the situation on the ground is getting slightly better, and politically also." Aid groups criticized the indecision, with Oxfam Head of Office in Brussels Elise Ford reprieving the EU and claiming that "We have had a month of every possible excuse as to why Europe will not send forces to bolster U.N. peacekeepers. Without an adequate professional force supporting U.N. peacekeepers to provide a measure of security for the population, the killing, raping and looting will continue unabated. We cannot stand by and watch." On December 10, 2008, after CNDP and Congolese government representatives had met, UN envoy Olusegun Obasanjo stated that "[both sides] have made progress in their talks" and that they would have future, substantive discussions, though no date or location was decided. The invitation to the other 20 rebel groups was still standing, according to Obasanjo, though none had shown up, allowing for bilateral talks, which were the only thing the CNDP would accept. On December 11, 2008, talks were encountering "serious difficulties" according to Obasanjo, who said that the rebels' lack of authority was the cause. "Either they give the people they have sent here the delegation, the power to make decisions or they send people who they will give such power to", Obasanjo stated, referring to how the rebels' inability to make concrete decisions was stalling the talks. He also accused them of "trying to broaden the negotiations to cover the whole of the DRC". The delegation of the Congolese government was referred to as "more flexible" and "empowered to take decision[s]", saying that "we have seen them taking decisions on the ground." At the same time, allegations had surfaced that both the Congolese and Rwandan governments were fighting a proxy war by funding respectively-sided rebel groups, which included supporting the recruitment of child soldiers, a war crime. The United Nations Security Council agreed with this on December 12, 2008. However, Rwandan Foreign Minister Rosemary Museminali denied this, saying that "We are not supporting CNDP. We are not sending forces, we are not sending arms", while Nkunda stated that rebels "would already be in Kinshasa" if they had Rwanda's support. In response to these allegations the Netherlands suspended their financial support for the Rwandan government, canceling a roughly US$4 million transfer by the end of 2008 and another $5.32 million in 2009. Dutch Minister of Development Cooperation Bert Koenders stated this was due to the "strong evidence" produced tying Rwanda to Congolese militants. However, the Dutch government would continue humanitarian aid support for Rwandan civilians. The European Union sent Development and Aid Commissioner Louis Michel as a diplomatic envoy in the region to ask rebel leader Nkunda to ask his delegation to be 'flexible' during the peace talks due to Obasanjo's complaint of the rebel delegation being uncooperative. Michel declared that he had "urged some flexible proposals with Nkunda"; however, Nkunda reaffirmed that he still wanted direct talks with the Congolese president, saying that DR Congo's problems extended beyond its borders. "The problems we are dealing with are national problems so they have to be addressed nationally and not as problems of one part of the country", he said. Nkunda also contested the president's election, saying that "Legitimacy is not elections and elections are not a blank cheque for a government to do whatever it wants." Michel contested this, saying that "President Kabila is legitimately elected ... Those who want to contest that legitimacy have to wait until the next elections." On December 12, 2008, peace talks which had stalled earlier on were said to be progressing smoothly, with Obasanjo stating that "... delegations engaged in both direct and proximity talks in an atmosphere of goodwill". According to a high-level delegation that met with rebel general Laurent Nkunda to discuss topics raised by negotiations, rebel command response was "positive". Due to Kenyan Jamhuri (Independence) Day celebrations the mediators, after consulting with both parties, decided to adjourn the talks and resume on the 17th of that month. A statement released by Obasanjo stated that he was "pleased to note that [the delegations] are making steady progress towards agreement on the ground rules for substantive discussions." The statement also covered the postponement due to the Kenyan national holiday; "In reverence for Kenya's Jamhuri Day celebrations on 12 December, the Mediators, in consultation with the parties, have decided to adjourn and resume the direct talks on 17 December 2008." In the meantime, the Human Rights Watch reported that 150 people had been killed in a crossfire between Nkunda's rebels and Mai-Mai militia on November 5, 2008. The killings, described as a "summary execution", took place away from a MONUC peacekeeping force, leading to criticism of the peacekeepers for not keeping guard over the area. "Due to the importance of these two towns as centers for humanitarian assistance, MONUC considered them a priority protection zone, yet the peacekeepers did not protect the towns from a rebel takeover or halt the destruction of displacement camps. Nor did they stop the mass killing of civilians in Kiwanja where they had an important field base", said the group. Earlier death estimates were around 20, and had been explained by spokesman Alan Le Roy as a consequence of the lack of peacekeeping troops to cover the whole area, with 10 peacekeepers for every 10,000 civilians. Later at 0100 local time a shootout between government and rebel troops took place in displaced-persons camp Kibati, killing a five-year-old girl and severely injuring another 7-year-old one. According to UN spokesman Ron Redmond "It does not appear they were targeted." Earlier on December 11 a woman had been raped by armed men outside of the same camp. Said a UN statement, "We remain extremely concerned for the safety of the displaced Congolese population in Kibati as the civilian character of these two UNHCR-run camps north of Goma is continually violated." The UN has been working to relocate people sheltering in the troubled camp, according to the organization. CNDP internal conflict and split On 6 January 2009 former CNDP militant Jean-Bosco Ntaganda and other officers of the rebel faction claimed that they had stripped Nkunda of his power, replacing him with Ntaganda as general. However, the CNDP's second-in-command, Colonel Makinga Sultani, immediately denied that this had occurred, with another spokesperson assuring that "the group is intact and its various organs are fully operational". However, the day after saw the CNDP decided on the consequences for Bosco Ntaganda, according to sources. Meanwhile, the rebels questioned the UN peacekeeping force's true intentions, with spokesman Bertrand Bisimwa asking, "What is this game being played by the Monuc? More precisely, what mischief are they up to?" He accused the group of sowing confusion in the Congolese governmental army-controlled demilitarized zones east of Kibati. MONUC had previously issued a statement in their defense on January 2, saying that, "Contrary to the accusations of the CNDP (…), the Monuc is doing its level best to protect civilian lives, to strengthen the legitimate institutions of the Democratic republic of Congo and to encourage national reconciliation." The rebels stated that they required verification of peacekeeping in the conflict zone to proceed with peace talks. On 17 January rebels led by former CNDP militant Jean-Bosco Ntaganda, a war criminal already indicted by the International Criminal Court, formally declared separation from Nkunda's group and agreed to join the Congolese government's army in an effort to increase pressure on the rebel general to declare a lasting ceasefire. The dissidents announced the creation of the splinter group at a meeting in Goma attended by nine of the CNDP's leading commanders. Also, the meeting was attended by the Rwandan Chief of staff, significant in the fact that Rwanda had often been accused of using the CNDP as a proxy in the Congo. Nkunda was not present. Sources said that the splintering did not affect conflict in the country, as sporadic firefights continued. On January 21 MONUC and the Congolese government ran into disagreement again on the topic of the joint operation, coordinated by the Congolese army and Rwandan Defence Forces, that involved action against Rwandan FLDR rebels operating in the South Kivu province of the Congo. The Congolese and Rwandan forces barred press reporters and MONUC from interfering. As for Ntaganda's involvement, MONUC had no objection, which surprised some sources, given the ICC's ties to the UN. However, MONUC took a negative stance on Ntaganda's involvement. On May 12, the organization's peacekeepers first stated that they would not work with the nation's army if Ntaganda, the army's recently appointed deputy coordinator, was a part of it; later, they would revise their claim and announce that they would not work on any operation involving the former war criminal. This negative sentiment was finally scaled down to the point where MONUC stated that they would not "sit down and take a photo with Bosco Ntaganda." Capture of Nkunda Nkunda was arrested on 22 January 2009 after he had crossed into Rwanda. After unsuccessfully attempting to defeat the CNDP militarily, Congolese president Kabila made a deal with President Kagame of Rwanda to allow Rwandan soldiers into the DRC to uproot FDLR militants in exchange for Rwanda removing Nkunda. A military spokesperson said he had been seized after sending three battalions to repel an advance by a joint Congolese-Rwandan force. The force was part of a joint Congolese-Rwandan operation which was launched to hunt Rwandan Hutu militiamen operating in DR Congo. Nkunda is currently being held at an undisclosed location in Rwanda. Cease-fire On March 23, 2009, the CNDP signed a peace treaty with the government, in which it agreed to become a political party in exchange for the release of its imprisoned members. Joint Congolese-Rwandan operation against FDLR Over the weekend of 9/10 May 2009 FDLR rebels were blamed for attacks on the villages of Ekingi and Busurungi in Congo's eastern South Kivu province. More than 90 people were killed at Ekingi, including 60 civilians and 30 government troops, and "dozens more" were said to be killed at Busurungi. The FDLR were blamed by the United Nations' Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs; the UN's peacekeeping force, MONUC, and the Congolese Army are investigating the attacks. The FDLR had attacked several other villages in the preceding weeks and clashes occurred between FDLR forces and the Congolese Army, during which government forces are reported to have lost men killed and wounded. The most recent attacks have forced a significant number of people from their homes in Busurungi to Hombo, north. Another offensive against the FDLR rebel group by Congo and Rwanda, this time with the UN's backing, was announced in early May. This drew derision from aid agencies such as Oxfam. Oxfam's DR Congo head Marcel Stoessel stated that, "Four months ago an offensive against the FDLR set in train a spiral of violence against civilians which has forced 250,000 to flee their homes and caused untold death and suffering that continues to this day", adding, "the UN needs to be aware of the full implications of continuing to support military action in the present circumstances." The joint-operation is part of an ongoing UN-backed rapprochement between the Congolese government and Rwanda. According to news media, improved relations between the two countries would enable MONUC, the region's peacekeeping force, to leave. Also, Rwandan President Paul Kagame stated that, "I do not understand Nkunda to be the cause of the problem... The problem is much bigger than one individual." Rwanda had been reluctant to release Nkunda, who it had arrested in January, to the Congolese government, where Nkunda would face the death penalty. Efficiency of humanitarian and peacekeeping efforts Peacekeeping The 17,000-strong MONUC peacekeeping force was regarded as failing to protect civilians and halt the progress of the rebels, who captured multiple U.N. field bases. MONUC's head, Alan Doss, stated that the U.N. troops were "certainly stretched... there's only so much we can do." The European Union was in the midst of talks related to sending reinforcements. Despite the presence of UN peacekeepers approximately 250,000 people were displaced by the conflict, bringing the total displaced person count to 2 million. The forces were also stated to be ineffective in keeping civilians safe from the rebel and government forces. This was hoped to be improved by deploying reinforcements consisting of 3,000 peacekeepers. The government's forces were criticized as well, with UN forces being stated to be protecting civilians from both rebels and Congolese troops. The soldiers were stated to be raping, looting, and were poorly fed, trained, paid and medicated; 11 soldiers were sentenced to life in prison for raping and looting while retreating from rebel forces. Another 12 faced court martial, with one allegedly having killed a family of 6 in Goma. They also were said to distrust armed forces commander, General Gabriel Amisi, due to his alliance with Nkunda during a 1998–2003 conflict. On December 7, UN officials claimed that the $7.1 billion budget (USD) for peacekeeping troops was insufficient even before planned reinforcements of MONUC could be fulfilled; even the troop and equipment requirements may not be met, as Western countries declined support, citing the conflict not as "strategically vital" as those in Iraq and Afghanistan. International Crisis Group vice-president Fabienne Hara stated that, "Contributions of U.N. members states will probably not grow at the very least, if not diminish... [some missions] may not be funded properly due to a crisis in terms of resources." An anonymous UN official claimed that the Security Council could "drop the ball, move on to another issue and we're the ones at fault. We've seen before that is a recipe for failure." Reuters reported that a senior Western Security Council diplomat claimed that, while criticism was not invalid, other countries with reserves of troops should aid failing peacekeeping missions. The official stated that "We're not the only ones who can do this. Where are the Russians, the Ukrainians? Where are the developing countries who want to have seats on the Security Council? Where is Brazil? It doesn't always have to be us." The lack of peacekeeping resources was cited as counterproductive by political analyst Max Bergmann of the National Security Network. "UN forces ... do fail, but this is often the result of either too few troops or too little money. Our reliance on the United Nations to address trouble spots and to prevent them from worsening has only increased. Shorting the U.N. on peacekeeping funding is therefore akin to shooting ourselves in the foot." European Union nations declined to intervene. The UN's foremost peacekeeping official, Under-Secretary General for Peacekeeping Operations Alan Le Roy, claimed that a "humanitarian tragedy" was unfolding in the Congo. Despite the organization's largest peacekeeping force being situated there, he claimed that "compared to the enormity of the tasks it is assigned and the vast expanse of the DRC – roughly the size of the United States east of the Mississippi and virtually without infrastructure – this number is actually rather small. Civilians have suffered from intense and often chaotic fighting, driven from their homes, caught in the crossfire and subjected to direct attacks and reprisals by armed groups and undisciplined elements of the national army. MONUC forces cannot serve as a substitute for the Congolese army to fight a war or impose peace; [the peacekeepers] are not an expeditionary or counterinsurgency force. With so much at stake, the international community simply cannot afford to let the Congo slide into the abyss, the time to act is, and indeed must be, now." Le Roy reaffirmed that more action should be taken until agreements could be reached by the opposing sides. At a conference on December 9 EU ministers remained divided on the issue of sending a "bridging force", citing the stabilizing situation. On December 11, the Human Rights Watch found that 150 or more Congolese civilians had died at the hands of Congolese rebels in the town of Kiwanja. Earlier estimates had placed the death toll at 30. Mai-Mai militia, aligned with the government, had also "deliberately killed people". MONUC peacekeepers, who had been away at the time but had not been protecting it, were criticized for not supervising the town, which was one of several that had been taken over by rebel forces (another prominent one being the territorial capital of Rutshuru). The report stated that "Due to the importance of these two towns as centers for humanitarian assistance, MONUC considered them a priority protection zone, yet the peacekeepers did not protect the towns from a rebel takeover or halt the destruction of displacement camps. Nor did they stop the mass killing of civilians in Kiwanja where they had an important field base." HRW alleged that "following the Kiwanja killings, CNDP and Mai-Mai combatants continue to kill, rape, forcibly recruit children, and otherwise mistreat civilians in and around Kiwanja, the neighbouring town of Rutshuru, and in areas further north." Also, it reported another "18 deliberate killings in November and December perpetrated by the CNDP, the Mai-Mai and their allies", and received reports of "another 25 deaths, although ongoing insecurity has made it impossible to verify all such information." On December 12, EU ministers remained divided on the issue of sending reinforcements; current president and French president Nicolas Sarkozy questioned the request, saying that it would be a better decision to draw troops from neighbouring countries instead of the distant EU. He declared, "It is not that from Europe we don't wish to participate, but ... isn't it better to draw on regional forces first of all, who are all pretty well ready to go?" Sarkozy cited the example of Angola, a regional power, who had earlier declared that they would support the Congolese government, and who the UN had alleged were already involved. Sarkozy also questioned the decision to reinforce MONUC peacekeepers, asking whether the extra 3,000 soldiers requested would be able to stop the conflict, saying "There are 17,000 UN soldiers in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is the biggest ever operation and only 800 are doing a useful job. Why send another 3,000?" High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy Javier Solana will meet with Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon on December 15 at the United Nations Headquarters to discuss the issue further. Sweden, Spain and Belgium were the only members of the 27-member committee to support the motion. Solana will also bring humanitarian, political and military proposals in front of the EU ministers to help bring peace and stability to the region. Solana's previous proposals included a separate EU military force, European troops in the region, and require troops to make roads and airports safe. Refugee camps The humanitarian effort was reported to be far underfunded, as thousands of refugees returned to rebel-held territory rather than stayed in the U.N.-governed camps. This was reported to be due to the lack of food, water and hygiene facilities. The UN-operated World Food Program began delivering hundreds of tons of food to the Congo on November 14, along with medical supplies and water purification kits. Congo Red Cross Secretary-General Jacques Katshitshi reported the situation as extremely impoverished, with "Displaced people [living] in extremely difficult conditions" and "a lack of food and water, and [terrible] hygiene conditions." He stated that cases of malnutrition had been reported even within UN refugee camps. The rations were said to cover approximately 50,000 people, providing them with one-month rations consisting of maize meal, peas, cooking oil and salt. The main obstacle to getting food to displaced persons was stated to be the upheaval in the region. On November 20, the safety of internal refugee camps was called into question when gunmen, allegiance unknown, entered the Kibati camp, raped a girl, shot a 20-year-old woman to death, and looted nearby dwellings. The UN's High Commissioner for Refugees spokesman, Andrej Mahecic, said that the Congo situation was "extremely volatile", and did not know who the gunmen were working for, stating that "...we have seen both sides doing this." The High Commissioner for Refugees has repeatedly expressed concern over the safety of the 67,000 internally displaced persons in Kibati camps. According to Mahecic, "the fact that the camps are so close to the front lines is a huge cause of concern for us." This incident "adds more to the pressure to move these people as soon as possible." As of December 10, Red Cross efforts had resulted in the reuniting of 15 families in the Congo, most who had separated from children in the confusion. Four radio stations were tasked with broadcasting the information of missing children, while Red Cross members posted pictures of lost children in displaced-person centers. The registered number of lost children was at 134, but according to the organization the number could be much higher. On December 12, at 0100 local time, a firefight between government and rebel troops raged in the displaced-persons camp near Kibati. A five-year-old girl was killed in the crossfire, while a 7-year-old girl was severely injured. UN spokesman Ron Redmond stated that "It does not appear they were targeted." A woman had been raped by armed men outside of the same camp the previous day. The UN released a statement, saying that "We remain extremely concerned for the safety of the displaced Congolese population in Kibati as the civilian character of these two UNHCR-run camps north of Goma is continually violated." MONUC peacekeepers were said to be working on relocating internal refugees at the camp, according to the organization. Wildlife Animals have also felt the impact, with 200 of the world's 700 mountain gorillas living in a rebel-held park. A spokeswoman for the Virunga National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, stated that the gorillas were "threatened" due to the gorillas' tendencies not to avoid gunfire or loud sounds, putting the nearly extinct animals at risk. Also, the inability of park rangers to get to the gorillas due to the rebel occupation was cited as dangerous, as the gorillas could not receive aid. On November 25, park rangers were allowed back into the park due to terms of the peace treaty, and plan to spend a month surveying the gorillas to assess their condition. Humanitarian aid corridor On November 23, aid efforts improved as the planned humanitarian aid corridor opened and convoys were allowed access to several previously isolated cities to begin distributing supplies. Meanwhile, vendors in a local market in Goma were arrested for trying to sell UN food supplies compromising about 1% of the UN stockpile. World Food Program spokeswoman Caroline Hutford stated that this was an expected outcome. Regional effects Nkunda's motivations for the conflict were stated as a desire to protect Tutsi people from persecution by Hutus, some of whom had participated in killing Tutsis in the 1994 Rwandan genocide and had fled to the Democratic Republic of the Congo to be supported by the government. Nkunda's aspirations included fragmenting the Congo into ethnically-divided states. As of November 4, 2008, tensions remained high as commentators speculated about the involvement of Rwanda, who is said to be affiliated to Nkunda by Congolese officials. Unofficial reports by civilians stated the presence of uniformed Rwandan soldiers fighting alongside rebel forces, though Rwanda officially denied these reports. The Congolese government, meanwhile, asked allied Angola to supply reinforcements in anticipation of Rwandan activity. The conflict has displaced almost a million people since it started, estimate some aid groups. On November 27, 13,000 refugees were reported to have entered neighboring Uganda, fleeing the Congo situation from the Rutshuru district due to the alleged continuation of violence. As of December 9 this number had increased to over 30,000. According to United Nations spokeswoman for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in Uganda, Roberta Russo, "Health, water and sanitation remain a major challenge in the camps." Neighbouring locales, such as the town of Dungu in the Orientale Province, had also been struck by violence, with as many as 70,000 people estimated in need of help by the World Food Program. Mustapha Darboe, the agency's regional director for East, Central and Southern Africa, claimed that "The suffering in Dungu has been overlooked as events further south in Goma and North Kivu have taken centre stage in recent weeks. Many thousands have been displaced and are living in fear of their children being abducted. Their situation could hardly be any worse." The UN had begun airlifting relief supplies in as of December 9. Casualties While specific casualties have not been released, various sources have reported that an estimated 45,000 people die a month in the Congo, mostly of malnutrition and disease. Congo's monthly death rate of 2.2 deaths for each 1,000 people – essentially unchanged from the last survey in 2004 – is nearly 60 percent higher than the average for sub-Saharan Africa. After the October 29 ceasefire, looting in Goma by Congolese soldiers was said to have caused at least 20 deaths and another 50 civilians were killed during the battle for Kiwanja. Death tolls as of November 7 were reported to be in the hundreds for civilians, though an estimated 1,400 die every day. The Human Rights Watch stated that they had found at least 150 dead civilians in the town of Kiwanja who had been "summarily executed" by rebels. HRW reported in a statement that "following the Kiwanja killings, CNDP and Mai-Mai combatants continue to kill, rape, forcibly recruit children, and otherwise mistreat civilians in and around Kiwanja, the neighbouring town of Rutshuru, and in areas further north." Also, it reported another "18 deliberate killings in November and December perpetrated by the CNDP, the Mai-Mai and their allies", and received reports of "another 25 deaths, although ongoing insecurity has made it impossible to verify all such information." War crimes Speculation of war crimes began when a UN team reported the deaths of 26 non-combatants in the village of Kiwanja, said to have been killed by rebels working with government troops. Nkunda denied these claims, stating that the 'non-combatants' were Mai-Mai militia dressed in civilian clothing. On November 19, child soldiers were confirmed to have been used by multiple factions, including rebel, government and militia forces. According to Save the Children spokesman George Graham 3,000 children were being used in various combat roles in the Congo; most were forced in by threats of bodily harm or harm to loved ones. UNICEF stated that the Congo was the "worst place in the world to be for a child". On November 26 the United Nations began investigations on war crimes in the conflict, stating "alarming" evidence of "target killings and possibly massacres of civilians". This was raised by United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon in a report that recommended lengthening MONUC's mission through 2009, where it was originally supposed to end at the conclusion of 2008. According to DR Congo Special Representative Alan Doss MONUC had opened "several investigations into alleged massacres and extra-judicial executions", stating that "All belligerents have committed serious atrocities against civilians... Women and children have suffered most from the recurrent fighting. Sexual violence is rampant and many armed groups continue to recruit children into their ranks." The previous killing of 26 innocents in Kiwanja by rebels was a factor in the proposal. Ban also cited the International Criminal Court's warrant for the arrest of CNDP chief of staff Bosco Ntaganda, wanted for allegedly conscripting children into service in the Ituri region of eastern Congo in 2003. On December 11, the Human Rights Watch reported that at least 150 civilians had been killed in the town of Kiwanja, where earlier estimates had placed the death toll at approximately 30. They reported that the majority of the dead civilians had been "summarily executed" by rebel troops. They also criticized MONUC peacekeepers, who had been away at the time of the incident but had not protected the town. The group stated that the practice was continuing, claiming that "following the Kiwanja killings, CNDP and Mai-Mai combatants continue to kill, rape, forcibly recruit children, and otherwise mistreat civilians in and around Kiwanja, the neighbouring town of Rutshuru, and in areas further north." On December 12, a United Nations Security Council panel reported finding conclusive evidence of Rwandan government assistance in recruiting soldiers for rebel causes, including the recruitment of child soldiers. Amnesty International, meanwhile, stated that both the rebel and government sides had condoned rape in the conflict, and said that the failure to stop the crimes "suggests that, at the very least, they systematically condone the crime and thereby implicitly encourage its persistence on a mass scale." The organization said that some victims had been threatened with death if they asked for medical attention from others. External influences The UN claimed that Angolan troops were active in the conflict, though this was denied by Angola, who had stated it would support government troops if called upon. In May 2008 China lent the DRC approximately $9 billion USD to rebuild destroyed infrastructure and revitalize industry, along with a January investment of $35 million into the Congo's post office in the same year. Nkunda demanded these grants be reviewed, he said, "so that the Democratic Republic of Congo's mineral resources are not hypothecated and so that we can have a bright future." Rwandan troops were reported to have been active in the conflict. Zimbabwean troops were reportedly drawn into the conflict, supporting the government side at their request. Reactions Government In response to allegations that Angola was involved in the war, the government of Angola denied, though they stated that they would support the government of DRC if called upon. However, according to UN officials, Angolan troops were in fact involved. Belgian foreign minister Karel De Gucht said the EU had "a moral responsibility". German foreign minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier said that "There remain doubts among many member states whether a few 100 European soldiers will make a significant difference militarily", referring to the UN request of a European Union "bridging force" in the conflict. Rwanda supported Congolese rebel groups, according to the United Nations Security Council, though Rwanda itself denied this. The Dutch canceled a planned $9.32 million (USD) transfer to the Rwandan government, citing Rwanda's ties to Congolese militants. However, they announced they would continue to send humanitarian support to Rwandan citizens. Swedish foreign minister Carl Bildt commented on the EU bridging force issue, stating that he did not expect a decision until 2009. The United States Department of State pushed for cooperation between Congo and the neighbouring countries of Rwanda and Uganda, stating that they "need to work together" to rein in "militia groups and other negative forces." Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs Jendayi Frazer is scheduled to visit the region and urge talks. The Financial Times called on the United States and the UK to use their leverage over the Rwandan government to prevent a larger conflict. The Ugandan army expelled 35 Congolese policemen who had entered Ugandan territory with their weapons. United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon asked all involved parties "to make every effort to restore calm among the affected populations", due to concerns that the clash may spark widespread conflict. The UN declared the conflict "a humanitarian crisis of catastrophic dimensions". The World Food Program stated that due to the displacement of approximately 200,000 in the region since August, malnourishment has risen and there were some cases of death due to starvation. According to a spokesman, the agency was short 33,000 tons of food if they were to last to March 2009, and needed US$46 million in donations to obtain it. Civilian On Wednesday, November 12, Belgian protesters gathered outside the U.S. embassy protesting the U.S.'s support of both the Rwandan government and the government of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Quotes "The world is failing in its responsibility to protect the Congo's innocent civilians... There has been an increase in incidents of forced labor, rape and widespread brutality, according to assessments carried out by international agency Oxfam over the past week, as armed men from all sides prey upon those who have sought 'sanctuary' from the fighting in North Kivu." — Juliette Prodhan, head of Congo Oxfam"Our concern is that it is going to take three months [for the United Nations] to get anybody on the ground. Our request is for the EU to send a bridging force. The EU has done this in the past for the Congo, and they have the capacity to get people on the ground within two weeks... the goal would be provide civilian protection, to do patrols and other things that would prevent looting, pillaging and raping by either the Congolese troops — which are doing this — or the rebel group." — Georgette Gagnon, executive director, African Human Rights Watch"We are going to liberate the people of Congo." — Rebel General Laurent Nkunda "The United States condemns and rejects the statements made by General Nkunda... The U.S. opposes all those who seek to foment instability in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." — Robert Wood, United States Department of State spokesman"What are they doing? They are supposed to protect us." — Jean-Paul Maombi, internal refugee, speaking about the retreating government troops"They are sending another 3,000 Blue Helmets and you are applauding. You are mistaken! We will not accept outsiders coming in to provide security for us here. Either you help us in the revolution or you keep quiet with MONUC. But if you wait for MONUC to bring you peace, you can wait forever." — Laurent Nkunda, rebel general"The forced displacement of populations and evidence of the targeted killings of civilians are alarming. In the current climate, the possibility of massacres of civilians cannot be ruled out." — Ban Ki-Moon, Secretary General of the United Nations"With so much at stake, the international community simply cannot afford to let the Congo slide into the abyss", he wrote. "The time to act is, and indeed must be, now." — Alan Le Roy, Under-Secretary General for Peacekeeping Operations"We have had a month of every possible excuse as to why Europe will not send forces to bolster U.N. peacekeepers. Without an adequate professional force supporting U.N. peacekeepers to provide a measure of security for the population, the killing, raping and looting will continue unabated. We cannot stand by and watch." — Elise Ford, Brussels Oxfam Head of Office'' References Further reading Stewart Andrew Scott. Laurent Nkunda et la rébellion du Kivu : au coeur de la guerre congolaise. Paris : Karthala, (2008). Nord-kivu Campaign, 2008 Nord-kivu Campaign, 2008 Conflicts in 2008 Conflicts in 2009 Wars involving the Democratic Republic of the Congo Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Africa Democratic Republic of the Congo–Rwanda relations Wars involving Rwanda North Kivu Goma

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrondissements%20of%20the%20R%C3%A9union%20department

Arrondissements of the Réunion department

The 4 arrondissements of the Réunion department are: Arrondissement of Saint-Benoît, (subprefecture: Saint-Benoît) with 6 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 126,777 in 2016. Arrondissement of Saint-Denis, (prefecture of the Réunion department: Saint-Denis) with 3 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 204,304 in 2016. Arrondissement of Saint-Paul, (subprefecture: Saint-Paul) with 5 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 214,073 in 2016. Arrondissement of Saint-Pierre, (subprefecture: Saint-Pierre) with 10 communes. The population of the arrondissement was 307,770 in 2016. History At the creation of the department of Réunion in 1947, its only arrondissement was Saint-Denis. The arrondissement of Saint-Pierre, containing 11 communes that were previously part of the arrondissement of Saint-Denis, was created in 1964. The arrondissement of Saint-Benoît, containing six communes that were previously part of the arrondissement of Saint-Denis, was created in 1968. The arrondissement of Saint-Paul, containing four communes that were previously part of the arrondissement of Saint-Pierre and one commune that was previously part of the arrondissement of Saint-Denis, was created in 1969. The borders of the arrondissements of Réunion were modified in September 2006: the communes Le Port and La Possession were transferred from the arrondissement of Saint-Denis to the arrondissement of Saint-Paul the communes Les Avirons and L'Étang-Salé were transferred from the arrondissement of Saint-Paul to the arrondissement of Saint-Pierre See also Cantons of the Réunion department Communes of the Réunion department References Reunion Reunion 1

2900600

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callistratus%20of%20Aphidnae

Callistratus of Aphidnae

Kallistratos of Aphidnae (, Latinized: Callistratus; bef. 415–aft. 355 BCE) was an Athenian orator and general in the 4th century BCE. Family We know little of his background, though he appears to have been of the liturgical class with interests in commerce rather than agriculture.  His father was Kallikratous and he was a nephew by marriage of the Athenian demagogue Agyrrhios, though whose sister married whose brother is unknown. Career The earliest mention of Kallistratos was in 379 when the Theban Pelopidas used his name to gain entry to the home of his rival Leontidas in order to assassinate him.  This was the opening gambit in the anti-Spartan party's campaign to retake control of the Theban government and expel the Spartan garrison occupying the Kadmeia.  Their success led directly to the Boeotian War (379-75).  It is unclear whether Kallistratos was actually involved in the plot or what his name was supposed to mean to Leontidas. He was already a force in Athenian politics, though, and the next year, after the aborted invasion of Attica by the Spartan Sphodrias, he was elected strategos along with Timotheos and Chabrias. In 375, during the negotiations that led to the peace treaty ending the war, he is recorded as trying to convince the Theban delegation to give up their dream of uniting the cities of Boeotia in a federation.  In this he was unsuccessful and Thebes was the only city involved in the war not to sign the treaty. This, of course, meant that the war was to continue, since Thebes would not give up on the Boeotian Federation and Sparta would not accept its existence. In 373, Timotheos was commissioned by Athens to take a fleet to the island of Kerkyra to protect it from a Spartan takeover.  His ships were undermanned, however, and he was not provided with the funds to pay his sailors and troops.  So he spent most of the summer sailing season in the Aegean trying to make up for the shortages.  He was unsuccessful in this, though he gained new allies for Athens in the process.  He returned to Athens without fulfilling his mission.  For this Kallistratos and Iphikrates prosecuted him, but the specific charges are unclear.  Demosthenes reports that two heads of state, Alketas of Makedon and Jason of Pherai (Thessaly) came to Athens to support him at the trial and this helped secure his acquittal.  His treasurer and confidential agent Antimachos, however, was found guilty, condemned to death, and had his property confiscated by the state. The next year Iphikrates was chosen to complete the same mission and he chose Kallistratos and Chabrias to accompany him as co-commanders. In 371, after more years of fighting, Athens sought once again to negotiate peace with Sparta and invited Thebes to attend a conference in Sparta.  At this event, three Athenians spoke in an effort to convince the Spartans to accept the peace: Kallias tried to paper over the differences between the two cities; Autokles berated the Spartans for past sins; and Kallistratos, striking a more conciliatory tone, admitted that both sides had made mistakes and they had different interests, but these were no reason to destroy each other in constant war.  Making peace sooner rather than later made the most sense. Kallistratos’ arguments convinced the Spartans and peace was agreed – on the condition that each combatant withdraw its garrisons from all the cities where they were stationed so that all cities could be autonomous.  Armies and navies would be dissolved.  If any city violated the treaty, anyone could go to war with them, but others were not required to join in.  Thebes, once again, chose not to sign if they could not sign for the Boeotian Federation.  Sparta, for its part, chose to punish them for this.  What followed a few weeks later was the Battle of Leuktra, which marked the beginning of the end of Spartan military dominance in Greece. (Xenophon vi.3.1-20) Oropos Affair The coastal village of Oropos lay in the northwest corner of Attica, next to Boeotia.  Control of the area had shifted back and forth between Athens and Thebes for generations, and in the year of 366 was an Athenian territory.  Certain exiles from the village had induced Themison, tyrant of Eretria in Euboea, to take control so they could return.  Athens sent out a regiment commanded by Chares to take it back, but by the time it got there, Thebes had stepped in and taken it for themselves. In the later Assembly debate over to what to do, Kallistratos and Chabrias advised restraint, expecting that the situation could be resolved diplomatically.  When Thebes refused to cede control, the two men were brought up on charges.  The specifics are not clear, but in ancient Athens anyone could sue anyone for almost anything.  The eloquence of Kallistratos at the trial convinced the jury to acquit them, and in the process inspired a young Demosthenes to embark on a career in oratory. Exile In 362/1 Kallistratos was indicted again, but whether it was a renewal of the earlier charge or a new offense is not clear.  In this case, he chose exile over trial and was condemned to death in absentia.  He made his way to Methone, a seaport in Makedonia, ruled at that time by Perdikkas III.  While there he arranged to have the harbor dues doubled from twenty talents to forty. Demosthenes reported that while there he sought passage on an Athenian warship from Methone to the island of Thasos to see his son-in-law Timomachos, who was in charge of the Athenian garrison there.  The trierarch Apollodoros refused, since it was against the law for him to harbor or aid an exile. Kallistratos eventually did make it to Thasos and from there, in c. 360, was instrumental in helping the Thasians found a colony at Datos, across the strait in Thrace in the territory of Edonia.  The city was renamed Krenides and was later taken over by Philip II, who renamed it Philippi. Return to Athens From the orator Lykourgos we learn Kallistratos’ ultimate fate:Who does not know the fate of Kallistratos, which the older among you remember and the younger have heard recounted, the man condemned to death by the city? How he fled and later, hearing from the god at Delphi that if he returned to Athens he would have fair treatment by the laws, came back and taking refuge at the altar of the Twelve Gods was none the less put to death by the state, and rightly so, for “fair treatment by the laws” is, in the case of wrongdoers, punishment.  And thus the god, too, acted rightly in allowing those who had been wronged to punish the offender. For it would be an unseemly thing if revelations made to good men were the same as those vouchsafed to malefactors.The date of his return to Athens is a matter of conjecture.  Isokrates in On the Peace, written in early 355, makes no mention of his return, thus making that year the earliest it could have been.  Lykourgos’ Against Leokrates was written in 330.  His comment about younger men having only heard the tale recounted suggests that Kallistratos’ return was not long after 355.  The Social War, where Athens was fighting several of its allies, concluded that year and it is possible that Kallistratos saw an opportunity to repatriate at this time of renewed peace.  Unfortunately, the anger at his crime of 361 had not abated and even the sanctuary of the Twelve Gods was not strong enough to protect him. References Davies, J. K. (1971). Athenian Propertied Families, 600-300. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Hansen, Mogens Herman and Thomas Heine Nielsen (2004). An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. Smith, William (1870). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Myth. Boston: Little, Brown & Co. Notes External links "Callistratus". The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed., Columbia University Press, 2012. 4th-century BC Athenians Ancient Greek statesmen City founders 350s BC deaths Old Macedonian kingdom Year of birth unknown Executed ancient Greek people People executed by ancient Athens

20014596

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belwajabdi

Belwajabdi

Belwajabdi is a village development committee in Sarlahi District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,350 people living in 655 individual households. References External links UN map of the municipalities of Sarlahi District Populated places in Sarlahi District

5822804

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statehood%20Day%20%28Lithuania%29

Statehood Day (Lithuania)

Statehood Day is an annual public holiday in Lithuania celebrated on July 6 to commemorate the coronation in 1253 of Mindaugas as the only King of Lithuania. The exact day of the event is disputable and was chosen according to the hypothesis of Edvardas Gudavičius, formulated in 1989. The day has officially been celebrated since 1991. See also Statehood Day in other countries References Festivals in Lithuania July observances National days Annual events in Lithuania Summer events in Lithuania

56841450

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehab%20Galal

Ehab Galal

Ehab Galal () is an Egyptian former football player and manager, who manages the Egyptian premier league club, Pyramids. Managerial career Galal was the manager of El Makkasa for three seasons of 2014–2017, he also used to manage Enppi and Zamalek clubs during the 2017–18 Egyptian Premier League season. In 2018, he managed El Masry until 2020, then he had coached El Makkasa for six months in the same year. Managerial statistics References External links Living people Association football defenders Egyptian footballers Egypt international footballers Egyptian football managers 1967 births ENPPI SC managers Zamalek SC managers Al Masry SC managers Ismaily SC managers Egyptian Premier League players Ismaily SC players Expatriate football managers in Libya

56439777

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reilly%20Dolman

Reilly Dolman

Reilly Dolman (born February 29, 1988) is a Canadian actor best known for his role as a step-brother of Percy in Percy Jackson & the Sea of Monsters and a main role as Philip Pearson in the Netflix series Travelers. , he lives in Vancouver, British Columbia. He has a child with Mara Valencia born in 2017. Career Dolman's interest in acting was sparked during a digital media class in high school. He began his career in 2007 and has had a steady stream of minor and recurring roles in television series including Bionic Woman, Supernatural, and Stargate Universe and in movies. He landed a main role as Philip Pearson in the Netflix streaming series Travelers in 2016. Filmography Film Television References External links 1988 births Living people Male actors from Vancouver Canadian male film actors Canadian male television actors 21st-century Canadian male actors

9408276

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close%20House

Close House

Close House may refer to: Close House, County Durham, a village in County Durham, England Close House (Iowa City, Iowa), an historic mansion in Iowa City, Iowa, United States Close House, Northumberland, a country estate in Northumberland, England See also Close House Mine, a Site of Special Scientific Interest in County Durham, England

9596931

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contributing%20property

Contributing property

In the law regulating historic districts in the United States, a contributing property or contributing resource is any building, object, or structure which adds to the historical integrity or architectural qualities that make the historic district significant. Government agencies, at the state, national, and local level in the United States, have differing definitions of what constitutes a contributing property but there are common characteristics. Local laws often regulate the changes that can be made to contributing structures within designated historic districts. The first local ordinances dealing with the alteration of buildings within historic districts was passed in Charleston, South Carolina in 1931. Properties within a historic district fall into one of two types of property: contributing and non-contributing. A contributing property, such as a 19th-century mansion, helps make a historic district historic, while a non-contributing property, such as a modern medical clinic, does not. The contributing properties are key to a historic district's historic associations, historic architectural qualities, or archaeological qualities. A property can change from contributing to non-contributing and vice versa if significant alterations take place. History According to the National Park Service, the first instance of law dealing with contributing properties in local historic districts was enacted in 1931 by the city of Charleston, South Carolina; it designated the "Old and Historic District." The ordinance declared that buildings in the district could not have changes made to architectural features that were visible from the street. By the mid-1930s, other U.S. cities followed Charleston's lead. An amendment to the Louisiana Constitution led to the 1937 creation of the Vieux Carre Commission, which was charged with protecting and preserving the French Quarter in the city of New Orleans. The city passed a local ordinance that set standards to regulate changes within the quarter. Other sources, such as the Columbia Law Review in 1963, indicate differing dates for the preservation ordinances in both Charleston and New Orleans. The Columbia Law Review gave dates of 1925 for the New Orleans laws and 1924 for Charleston. The same publication claimed that these two cities were the only cities with historic district zoning until Alexandria, Virginia adopted an ordinance in 1946. The National Park Service appears to refute this. In 1939, the city of San Antonio, Texas, enacted an ordinance to protect the area of La Villita, the original Mexican village marketplace. In 1941 the authority of local design controls on buildings within historic districts was being challenged in court. In City of New Orleans vs Pergament (198 La. 852, 5 So. 2d 129 (1941)), Louisiana state appellate courts ruled that the design and demolition controls were valid within defined historic districts. Beginning in the mid-1950s, controls that once applied only to buildings within historic districts were extended to individual landmark structures. The United States Congress adopted legislation in 1950 that declared the Georgetown neighborhood in Washington, D.C. a historic district and protected. By 1965, 51 American communities had adopted preservation ordinances. In 1976 the Natiional Historic Preservation Act was passedBy 1998, more than 2,300 U.S. towns, cities and villages had enacted historic preservation ordinances. Definition Contributing properties are defined through historic district or historic preservation zoning laws, usually at the local level. Zoning ordinances pertaining to historic districts are designed to maintain a district's historic character by controlling demolition and alteration to existing properties. In historic preservation law, a contributing property is any building, structure, object or site within the boundaries of the district that contributes to its historic associations, historic architectural qualities or archaeological qualities of a historic district. It can be any property, structure or object that adds to the historic integrity or architectural qualities that make the historic district, either local or federal, significant. Definitions vary but, in general, they maintain the same characteristics. Another key aspect of a contributing property is historic integrity. Significant alterations to a property can sever its physical connections with the past, lowering its historic integrity. Contributing properties are integral parts of the historic context and character of a historic district. A property listed as a contributing member of a historic district meets National Register criteria and qualifies for all benefits afforded a property or site listed individually on the National Register of Historic Places. Each property within a National Register historic district — contributing or non-contributing — is classified as one of four property types: building, object, structure, or site. Contributing versus non-contributing The line between contributing and non-contributing can be fuzzy. In particular, American historic districts nominated to the National Register of Historic Places before 1980 have few records of the non-contributing structures. State Historic Preservation Offices conduct surveys to determine the historical character of structures in historic districts. Districts nominated to the National Register of Historic Places after 1980 usually list those structures considered non-contributing. As a general rule, a contributing property helps make a historic district historic. A well-preserved 19th-century mansion will generally contribute to a district, while a modern gas station generally will not. Historic buildings identified as contributing properties can become non-contributing properties within historic districts if major alterations have taken place. Sometimes, an act as simple as re-siding a historic home can damage its historic integrity and render it non-contributing. In some cases, damage to the historic integrity of a structure is reversible, while other times the historic nature of a building has been so "severely compromised" as to be irreversible. For example, in the East Grove Street District in Bloomington, Illinois, contributing properties include the Queen Anne-style George H. Cox House (1886) and the Arts and Crafts-style H.W. Kelley House (1906), and non-contributing properties include the Italianate-style George Brand House (1886), whose original exterior has been covered with a sun room and asbestos siding, and a 1950s physician's office built in a style radically different from the surrounding neighborhood. References Citations Sources Morrison, Jacob H. Historic Preservation Law, New Orleans: Pelican Pub. Co., 1957. Further editions published in 1965, 1972 and 1974. , .

23699769

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Dobson%20%28rugby%20union%29

George Dobson (rugby union)

George Alexander Dobson (1873 – 8 June 1917) was a Welsh rugby union forward who played club rugby for Cardiff and international rugby for Wales. Although playing in only one international, it was part of the 1900 Wales Home Nations Championship winning season, making Dobson a Triple Crown winning player. Rugby career Dobson's family moved to Wales from Scotland shortly before his birth in 1873, his brother Dobson having been born in Caithness just two years prior. Dobson found work as a young man as a coal trimmer in Cardiff Docks, a typical hard-working manual job that was popular in Welsh rugby clubs in their forward players. Dobson saw his brother join Cardiff Rugby Club followed by national selection for Wales in 1898. Dobson followed his brother with a place in the Cardiff team before he himself was chosen by the Welsh selectors to face Scotland, as part of the 1900 Home Nations Championship. Wales had won the opening match against England, and Dobson was brought in to replace Dick Hellings who was unavailable. Under the captaincy of Welsh sporting hero Billy Bancroft, Wales beat Scotland 12-3, setting up a potential Triple Crown season if they could beat Ireland in the final game. Although Dobson was replaced for the Irish match when Hellings returned, the Welsh win over Ireland on the 17 March made him a Triple Crown winning player in his one and only international match. Dobson later went on to player for Rhondda team, Llwynypia, again following his brother. Dobson suffered from long periods of ill health dying in his late 40s in 1917. International matches played for Wales Wales 1900 Bibliography References 1873 births 1917 deaths Cardiff RFC players Llwynypia RFC players Rugby union forwards Wales international rugby union players Welsh rugby union players Welsh people of Scottish descent Rugby union players from Pontypridd

42072765

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/And%20Blood%20Was%20Shed%20in%20Warsaw

And Blood Was Shed in Warsaw

And Blood Was Shed in Warsaw is the third live performance recording by Polish death metal band Vader. It was released on 8 October 2007 by Metal Mind. And Blood Was Shed in Warsaw features footage from the bands concert at Stodola Club in February 2007. The show was filmed with 7 cameras. The DVD also include: fully animated menu, band biography, discography, interview with Piotr "Peter" Wiwczarek, video clips "Sword of the Witcher", and "Helleluyah!!! (God Is Dead)", desktop images, photo gallery, and weblinks. Track listing Personnel Production and performance credits are adapted from the album liner notes. Vader Piotr "Peter" Wiwczarek – rhythm guitar, lead guitar, lead vocals Maurycy "Mauser" Stefanowicz – rhythm guitar, lead guitar Marcin "Novy" Nowak – bass guitar Dariusz "Daray" Brzozowski – drums Additional musicians Tomasz "Orion" Wróblewski – lead vocals Note Filmed and recorded at Stodoła Club, Warsaw, 12 February 2007 Production Lucjan Siwczyk – lighting Adam Sieklicki – photos Marta Tłuszcz – photos Piotr Brzeziński – sound recording, mixing Jarosław Kaszyński – sound technician Grzegorz Kupiec – vision mix Marcelo HVC – art work Jarosław Wieczorek – translation and subtitles Massive Music – management Artur Wojewoda – vision editing Waldemar Szwajda – vision editing Tomasz Dziubiński – executive producer Darek Świtała – interview editing & filming Piotr Godzina – interview editing & filming References Concert films Vader (band) albums 2007 live albums 2007 video albums Live video albums Metal Mind Productions video albums Polish-language live albums

25466077

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Punch%20Bowl%2C%20Mayfair

The Punch Bowl, Mayfair

The Punch Bowl, at 41 Farm Street, Mayfair, is a London public house, dating from circa 1750. It is listed as Grade II by English Heritage. It is a Georgian building and, although altered over the years, retains many period features including a dog-leg staircase, internal cornicing and dado panelling. History The pub featured in the documentary film I'm Going to Tell You a Secret, which followed Madonna in 2004 and showed her and her husband Guy Ritchie on a night out at their "local". In March 2008 the pub was bought for a reputed £2.5 million by Ritchie and Madonna, with the involvement of nightclub entrepreneurs Piers Adam, Nick House, Guy Pelly and Tarquin Gorst, from Greg Foreman, father of actor Gregory Foreman. In Ritchie and Madonna's November 2008 divorce settlement, Ritchie gained ownership of Madonna's share of the pub. The pub has become renowned for the number of celebrities who visit it. Complaints by local residents about noise and other disturbances led to a review of the pub's licence, with some restrictions imposed by Westminster City Council in December 2009. The winner of a 14 December 2009 eBay auction, organised by the Evening Standard newspaper for the charity Kids Company, paid £2,214.12 to "Have a pint with Guy Ritchie at The Punch Bowl". On 25 March 2013, the Evening Standard reported that Ritchie had sold the pub to Alexander Langlands Pearse's Cirrus Inns Company. The Punchbowl re-opened its doors 20 October 2014 after having a full refurbishment. References External links Details the building's architecture and listing Time Out review The Punch Bowl Planning and Listed Building Application: Design and Heritage Statement submitted to Westminster City Council Houses completed in 1750 Grade II listed pubs in the City of Westminster Buildings and structures in Mayfair Tourist attractions in the City of Westminster Madonna (entertainer)

39688115

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davis%20Corner

Davis Corner

Davis Corner or Davis Corners may refer to: Davis Corner, Virginia Beach, Virginia, Princess Anne County, Virginia Davis Corners, Ontario Davis Corners, Wisconsin

67184508

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julien%20Laidoun

Julien Laidoun

Julien Laidoun (born 24 January 1980) is a French road cyclist, who currently rides for amateur team Pédale Suippase. He was professional from 2002 to 2005, in 2007 and again in 2020. He most notably rode in the 2004 Vuelta a España and finished third in the 2003 Tour du Finistère. Major results 1998 1st Classique des Alpes juniors 2002 7th Overall Le Triptyque des Monts et Châteaux 1st Stage 3 2003 3rd Tour du Finistère References External links 1980 births Living people French male cyclists Sportspeople from Reims

26682231

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatiana%20Novik

Tatiana Novik

Tatiana Germanovna Novik (; born 24 October 1994) is a Russian pair skater. With Andrei Novoselov, she is the 2012 Toruń Cup champion. With Mikhail Kuznetsov, she placed fourth at the 2010 World Junior Championships and took bronze at the 2010 International Cup of Nice. Career Novik teamed up with Mikhail Kuznetsov in spring 2009. They won the silver medal at the 2010 Russian Junior Championships and placed 4th at the 2010 World Junior Championships. They were coached by Nina Mozer in Moscow and split at the end of the 2010–11 season. Later in 2011, Novik began skating with Andrei Novoselov. They placed fourth at the 2011 Ice Challenge and eighth at the 2012 Russian Championships before winning the 2012 Toruń Cup. The pair entered the 2013 Nebelhorn Trophy, intending to represent Romania, but did not compete at the event. Programs (with Kuznetsov) Competitive highlights With Novoselov With Kuznetsov References External links Russian female pair skaters 1994 births Living people Figure skaters from Moscow

30474802

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemphigus%20herpetiformis

Pemphigus herpetiformis

Pemphigus herpetiformis is a cutaneous condition, a clinical variant of pemphigus that combines the clinical features of dermatitis herpetiformis with the immunopathologic features of pemphigus. Pathophysiology Pemphigus Herpetiformis is an IGg mediated autoantibodies that affect the epidermal layer of the skin. Diagnosis See also Adult linear IgA disease List of cutaneous conditions References Chronic blistering cutaneous conditions

36339414

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still%20Love%20You

Still Love You

"Still Love You" is a song by Japanese pop group AAA. It is their 32nd single and is included in the group's seventh studio album 777: Triple Seven. The song was written by Mitsuhiro Hidaka and Kaji Katsura. The single was released in Japan on May 16, 2012, under Avex Trax in four editions: a CD-only edition, a CD and DVD A edition, a CD and DVD B edition, and a Mu-Mo edition. "Still Love You" debuted at number three on the weekly Oricon singles chart. The single charted for seven weeks and went on to sell over 55,000 copies in Japan. Composition "Still Love You" was written by Mitsuhiro Hidaka and Kaji Katsura, composed by Shirose from White Jam, Heroism, and DJ First from White Jam Beatz, and arranged by ats. "I$M" was written by Goro Matsui, Kenn Kato, Bounceback, Kenko-p, Leonn, Kyasu Morizuki, and Hidaka, composed by Kazuyuki Akita, and arranged by Kazuki Kumagai. Release and promotion "Still Love You" was released on May 16, 2012, in four editions: a CD-only edition, which includes "Still Love You (Remo-con Remix)"; a CD and DVD A edition, which includes the music video for the song, the first part of the music video making, and the third part of the AAA 6th Anniversary Tour; a CD and DVD B edition, which includes the second part of the music video making and the fourth part of the AAA 6th Anniversary Tour; a Mu-Mo edition, which includes the Think About AAA 6th Anniversary clips from seasons 18, 19, and 20 in editions A, B, and C, respectively. The song was used in television advertisements for the hypermarket Ito-Yokado. Chart performance "Still Love You" debuted at number three on the weekly Oricon singles charts, selling 48,284 copies in its first week. It went on to chart for seven weeks and sold over 55,000 copies in Japan. On the issue dated May 28, 2012, the song debuted at number eight on the Billboard Japan Hot 100. On the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) Digital Track Chart, the song debuted at number 10. Track listing Chart history Notes The sales figure of 55,000 copies is taken from accumulating the sales of the single during its first six charting weeks on the Oricon weekly chart (48,284, 4,946, 2,129). References 2012 singles AAA (band) songs Avex Trax singles Japanese-language songs 2012 songs

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September%201921%20San%20Antonio%20floods

September 1921 San Antonio floods

In early September 1921, the remnants of a Category 1 hurricane brought damaging floods to areas of Mexico and the U.S. state of Texas, particularly in the San Antonio region. On September 4, a tropical cyclone developed in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico near the Bay of Campeche. Moving slowly in a general westward direction, the disturbance reached hurricane intensity on September 7 prior to making landfall south of Tampico, Mexico the following day. The storm weakened over land, and lost cyclonic characteristics later that day. However, a nearby high-pressure area forced the remnants of the system northward into Texas. Due to an orographic lifting effect, the remnants were able to produce torrential and record rainfall over the state. Precipitation peaked over Central Texas, where the highest rainfall amount measured was 40 in (1,016 mm) near Thrall, Texas; this was the fourth-highest tropical cyclone-related rainfall total in Texas since record keeping began. Similarly, an observation of 36.40 in (925 mm) elsewhere in Williamson County, Texas ranked as the sixth-highest tropical cyclone-related rainfall total for the state. The high precipitation totals set nationwide records which would stand for several years. Meteorological history In early September, a trough of low-pressure persisted in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico, near the Bay of Campeche. The area of disturbed weather gradually organized, and was analyzed to have become a tropical depression by 1200 UTC on September 4. In its initial stages after tropical cyclogenesis, the disturbance moved very slowly and did not intensify. Its lack of organization resulted in its estimated misplacement inland over Mexico in the Signal Corps's weather map for September 5. At the time, the storm was estimated to have a minimum barometric pressure of at least 1010 mbar (hPa; 29.83 inHg). The system remained a tropical depression until 0000 UTC on September 6, when it was estimated to have attained tropical storm intensity. Despite the analyzed intensification, the updated Signal Corps weather maps for the tropical cyclone that day indicated that the system had degenerated back into an open trough. Continuing to intensify throughout the day, the tropical storm was estimated to have reached hurricane intensity by the following day. Shortly after, the hurricane made landfall south of Tampico, Mexico near La Leja at 0300 UTC on September 7. At the time, the cyclone had maximum sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h), making it a Category 1 on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. The storm's minimum barometric pressure at landfall was 985 mbar (hPa; 29.10 inHg); this would be the lowest pressure estimated in association with the storm, though it was not included in HURDAT. Just prior to landfall at 0100 UTC, a ship had reported winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) from the southeast and a pressure of 996 mbar (hPa; 29.42 inHg). Upon landfall, a barometer in Tampico reported a minimum pressure of 1003 mbar (hPa; 29.62 inHg). The Signal Corps map of the cyclone for September 7 indicated a pressure of at least 1007.5 mbar (hPa; 29.75 inHg) for the storm's outermost closed isobar, with a storm of similar nature positioned a short distance west of Jalisco, Mexico in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Once inland, the hurricane weakened, and made a northward curve before degenerating into a remnant low after 0600 UTC on September 8. The remnant low progressed northward, and moved into Texas from the state border with Mexico near Webb County. In Texas, moisture associated with the system and other contributing forces produced excessive rainfall over Central Texas, causing numerous rivers to overflow. Impact Despite making landfall on Tamaulipas, its impact in Mexico, if any, remains unknown. However, the decaying remnants of the hurricane moved northward as the result of a retrograding high-pressure area over East Texas, helping to produce torrential precipitation across South and Central Texas. The area of high-pressure was a westward extension of the Bermuda High, which is typically centered in the Central Atlantic. The pressure anomaly provided an abundant moisture supply to the region, increasing convergence. In addition, a separate tropical cyclone located near Barbados was able to alter the positioning of isobars over the area, such that heavy rainfall would result. Precipitation was further aided by the Balcones Escarpment and Edwards Plateau, which provided orographic lift. The rains caused severe flooding, particularly to low-lying areas. Due to the rapid accumulation of floodwaters, the United States Weather Bureau issued numerous flood warnings. The first warnings pertinent to the storm system were issued early on September 9 for areas adjacent to the Rio Grande between Rio Grande City and Brownsville. While the warnings for the Rio Grande were discontinued shortly after, areas near the Colorado River downstream of Austin were issued a flood warning on September 10. At the same time, flood warnings were posted for areas of the Brazos River from Valley Junction to Richmond; this specific warning was later extended further downstream to include Freeport. Similar warnings were issued for portions near the lower Guadalupe River on September 11. All warnings were later discontinued after the floods ended. Despite being effected by the floods, warnings were not issued for areas of the Nueces, San Antonio, and Little Rivers, due to a lack of river services. Though peak rainfall estimates have been widely disputed, it has been most recently estimated that the peak precipitation amount in Texas associated with the storm to have been a recording of 40 in (1016 mm) in Thrall over a three-day period; this would make the storm the fourth wettest tropical cyclone to impact Texas since record keeping began. The same station had observed 38.20 in (971 mm) of precipitation in a 24-hour period, as well as 32 in (813 mm) of rain in just 12 hours; this would be a national record. Similarly, another location in Williamson County reported 36.40 in (925 mm) of rain in 18 hours, which would be a national record for most amount of rainfall in its respective period. In Thrall, the extreme rainfall washed out numerous roads and created deep gullies into the ground. In nearby Thorndale, rains estimated as high as 25 in (635 mm) caused streams to overflow, reaching levels unseen since the 1900 Galveston hurricane. When the remnants of the hurricane moved into Texas, they first impacted parts of the Rio Grande. Though rainfall was not considerable, a station in Laredo, which straddles the river, reported 6 in (152 mm) of precipitation. There, the river rose by 8.6 ft (2.6 mm). Since rainfall was mostly concentrated upstream of the mouth of the Rio Grande, the resulting river rises caused a wave of high water which pushed downstream. In Rio Grande City, the river rose 3 ft (0.9 m) above flood stage, though no damage resulted. Further north, the drainage basin of the Guadalupe River saw torrential rainfall and flooding. High precipitation observations in the drainage basin include 11.50 in (292 mm) in San Marcos, 9.56 in (243 mm) in New Braunfels, and 7.85 in (199 mm) in Blanco. In Gonzales, the Guadalupe River peaked at a crest of 31.4 ft (9.57 m), 9.4 ft (2.87 m) above flood stage on September 11. The unusually high crest damaged adjacent low-lying corn crops. Damages to Gonzales County totaled to $3,500. Though damage along the river was minor, damage due to the rain in Blanco, Hays, Comal, and Guadalupe Counties was estimated at $218,500. Rainfall was most concentrated around the Colorado River, particularly from September 9–10. The highest rainfall amount reported along the river was 19.03 in (483 mm) in Austin. There, the river rose by 18.2 ft (462 mm). Although the river itself did not cause any damage in the city, its creek tributaries caused severe devastation. Flood in Austin was estimated at $850,000, mostly to the city's road network. Squalls and other thunderstorms caused an additional $30,000 in damages in Austin and Creedmoor. The excess floodwaters moved downstream, inundating low-lying areas. In Smithville, the rising water levels submerged areas up to 2 mi (3 km) outwards from the river. Damages there were estimated at $8,000. Further south in La Grange, damage to crops, livestock, and property was valued at $17,250, though it was estimated that $20,000 in damages was mitigated by flood warnings. Losses to the corn crop were increased since the ground in the area was already highly saturated. Overall, the floods associated with the remnant tropical cyclone caused $19 million in property losses, particularly in the counties of Bell, Bexar, Milam, Travis, and Williamson. The floods also killed 215 people, greatly exceeding the 117 caused by floods in Texas in December 1913. Aftermath The floods would spur the construction of Olmos Dam and a bypass channel in Downtown San Antonio. The original plans called for the bypass channel to be followed by creation of a paved-over storm sewer along a prominent bend of the river. However, that option was unpopular. Later, local architect Robert Hugman developed plans for commercial development of the bend, which ultimately became the world-famous San Antonio River Walk. See also Tropical Storm Amelia (1978) Tropical Storm Claudette (1979) Tropical Storm Allison (2001) Notes References History of San Antonio