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66187336

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio%20S%C3%A3o%20Francisco%20mangroves

Rio São Francisco mangroves

The Rio Sao Francisco mangroves ecoregion (WWF ID:NT1433) covers series of mangrove forests along the Atlantic Ocean coast of eastern Brazil, from the outskirts of Maceió southwards to just south of Salvador, Bahia. This ecoregion has high biodiversity, as it lies in different sub-climate zones, with a dry season in the north but not in the south. Location and description The ecoregion exists in patches of mangrove forests, mostly around river estuaries, along 500 km of the coast of eastern Brazil. This length of coast covers much of the states of Alagoas, Sergipe, and Bahia. The ecoregion's mangroves are most significant in three areas: Barra de São Miguel, Alagoas, around the margins of the inlet of the Lagoa do Roteiro. This relatively small sector is surrounded by the Pernambuco coastal forests ecoregion. São Francisco River Estuary, the mouth of the fourth longest river in South America. Also in this sector is the mouth of the Sergipe River at the city of Aracaju. The Vaza-Barris River also enters the Atlantic in this region. This sector is surrounded by the Pernambuco interior forests ecoregion. Bay of All Saints in the state of Bahia, and the city of Salvador, Bahia. Feeding this bay is the Paraguaçu River. This sector is surrounded by the Bahia coastal forests ecoregion. Climate The climate of the ecoregion is Tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification (Am)). This climate is characterized by relatively even temperatures throughout the year (all months being greater than average temperature), and a pronounced dry season. The driest month has less than 60 mm of precipitation, but more than (100-(average/25) mm. This climate is mid-way between a tropical rainforest and a tropical savannah. The dry month usually at or right after the winter solstice in the Northern Hemisphere. Precipitation averages 1,250 to 1,500 mm/year. The dry season in the north lasts 4–5 months. Flora and fauna The mangroves of the area are surrounded by beaches on the coast, and forest and coastal retsingas on the inland side. The characteristic mangrove trees species are red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), black mangrove (Aviccenia shaueriana), and white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa). The region is important resting and feeding stop for long-distance migratory birds such as the ruddy turnstone (Arenaria interpres), spotted sandpiper (Actitis macularia), and whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus). Protected areas Officially protected areas in the ecoregion include: Piaçabuçu Environmental Protection Area Área de Proteção Ambiental Mangue Seco, near the village of Mangue Seco Santa Isabel Biological Reserve References Neotropical ecoregions Ecoregions of Brazil Mangrove ecoregions

1870693

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20Madagascar%20Current

East Madagascar Current

The East Madagascar Current is an oceanic flow feature near Madagascar. It flows southward from 20°S on the east side of Madagascar to the southern limit at Cape Saint Marie and subsequently feeds the Agulhas Current. Its flow is complicated by large cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies. The East Madagascar Current has a controlling role in the western boundary current of the southwest Indian Ocean together with the Mozambique Current. The mean speed of the East Madagascar Current varies between with a peak in spring and the lowest point in summer. It creates a high-pressure area and affects the Indian Monsoon. The East Madagascar Current is intense and narrow and retroflects into the central Indian Ocean south of Madagascar similarly to the Agulhas Current south of South Africa. See also Ocean current Oceanic gyres Physical oceanography References Notes Sources Currents of the Indian Ocean Geography of Madagascar

69495242

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8by%20%28%C3%86r%C3%B8%29

Søby (Ærø)

Søby is a port town at the northernmost tip of the southern Danish island of Ærø, 15 km from Ærøskøbing, 23 km from Marstal. Like the rest of the island, it's politically part of Ærø Municipality. Søby has an active shipyard, fishing idustry and business port. Etemology The name means lake (sæ) village (the suffix -by meaning settlement). History Søby is first mentioned in references as Seboy in 1277 when it was in the possession of the Brandenburgers. The medieval castle, of which just the raised eaarthworks remain, passed into the hands of Duke Hans the Younger of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderborg for whom the great manor-farm of Søbygård was built from 1580, even though it was rarely used as a residence by the dukes. The manor had only a few scattered farmesteads up until the 1720s but once Søbygård Estate was subdivided, and the farm enlarged into a manor house (1729), regional settlement grew with sailors and fishermen. Søby Church was consecrated in 1745. During the Gunboat War of 1807 to 1814, fortifications were built in at Næbbet, southeast of Skjoldnæs Fyr, but in Søby itself the port remained little more than a primitive pile bridge where the ferry to Als could dock. This changed in 1865 when the area's skippers jointly built a stone pier with a bulwark. The steamship connection to Faaborg started in 1903, the port was further deepened in 1924, and in 1933 a fully improved ferry berth was built. Two years earlier, Arthur Christian Jørgensen had established a workshop specializing in the repair and improvement of small ship engines, developing into a full shipyard in 1950 with around 30 men employed to build fishing boats. The first dry dock opened in 1967 with a much bigger version inaugurated in 2006. This is big enough to build ferries and naval ships of up to 7000 tons. The Port Today Søby Port can receive ships with a maximum length of 135m and a draft of 6.5m and its shipyard, Søby Værft, is the island of Ærø's biggest single employer (around 140). A big redevelopment involving some 290,000 m² of the port area is scheduled to start in 2022 for completion in the summer of 2024. Attractions Søbygård Manor is now a history museum and concert space] with access to the earthworks of the older fortified farm area. Skjoldnæs Fyr is a 22m-high lighthouse built of granite in 1881 by Swedish stonemasons. It's 5 km from the port. En route is a golf course. Vitsø Mill is a Dutch-style windmill 2 km southwest of the port. Installed in 1958, its the only one of its kind in Denmark. Transport There are ferry connections to Fynshav on Als and to Faaborg on Funen. The Fynshav route is operated since 15 August 2019 by the world's biggest electrically powered ferry, the environmentally friendly e-ferry Ellen which was itself built in the shipyard here by Søby Værft. External links Visitor Information Ærø Museum Søby Værft References Cities and towns in the Region of Southern Denmark Ærø Port cities and towns in Denmark

60584756

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Location%20%28Dave%20song%29

Location (Dave song)

"Location" is a song recorded by British rapper Dave featuring Nigerian singer Burna Boy, released as the third single from Dave's debut studio album Psychodrama. The song was written by Dave, Burna Boy and Jonathan Mensah, and produced by Fraser T. Smith, Jae5 and Dave. Commercially, the song reached the top 10 in the United Kingdom and top 40 in Ireland. In April 2020, it was certified as Double Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry for exceeding chart sales of 1,200,000. Music video The music video for "Location" was released via YouTube on 15 July 2019. Directed by Kaylum and Dave, it was shot on location in Ibiza, and features behind the scenes shots of Stormzy's #MERKY Festival, held at Ibiza Rocks, which Dave co-headlined alongside Stormzy and Fredo. Burna Boy appears in the video, alongside a number of cameo appearances from other artists and celebrities, including Stormzy, Fredo, Lethal Bizzle, Jorja Smith, Avelino, J Hus, Aitch, Unknown T, comedian Michael Dapaah and English footballers, Raheem Sterling and Jadon Sancho. Critical reception Writing for Complex, Natty Kasambla referred to the track as "an understated bop". Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications References 2019 singles 2019 songs Dave (rapper) songs Burna Boy songs Song recordings produced by Fraser T. Smith Songs written by Dave (rapper) Songs written by Burna Boy

66064828

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blame%20My%20Roots%20Festival

Blame My Roots Festival

Blame My Roots Festival is an annual festival of country music in Morristown, Belmont County, Ohio. Founded by Chris Dutton, Nina Dutton, and Dino Giovannone, the annual festival debuted in 2019 when Jamboree in the Hills went on hiatus. The annual festival is held at the Valley View Campgrounds in Morristown, Ohio. The venue has hosted Jamboree in the Hills campers for 28 years and served as a venue for after parties. In the festivals debut year it showcased a variety of new, veteran, and legendary musicians on two different stages. Morristown is about 1½ hours west of Pittsburgh, and 20 minutes west of Wheeling, West Virginia. In 2020, the Festival was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic concerns. The annual festival has announced its return slated for 2021. History The inaugural Blame My Roots Festival was held July 18–20, 2019 2019 The festival's first announced lineup featured headliners The Stickers on Thursday, July 18; Trace Adkins on Friday, July 19; and Tyler Farr on Saturday, July 20. The lineup included primarily country artists and bands. The lineup, ordered as advertised on the festival's website, is as follows: Gypsy Cowboy Tim Ullom Band The Stickers Barnesville Community Alumni Band Walker Montgomery 11/70 Band Whiskey Myers Dillon Carmichael Joe Diffie Trace Adkins Old Buddy Jack Jo Ann Jones Sydney Mack Joe Zelek Whey Jennings Gabby Barrett Ryan Hurd Lindsay Ell Kyle Daniel Tyler Farr Frank Vieira 2020 (canceled due to COVID-19 Pandemic) Dates for the 2020 Blame My Roots Festival were Thursday, July 16 through Sunday, July 18. Artists that were scheduled to perform included: Justin Moore Neal McCoy Tracy Lawrence Jo Dee Messina Gone West (band) Ft. Colbie Caillat Black Stone Cherry Whey Jennings The Kentucky Headhunters Walker Montgomery Allie Colleen Thomas Gabriel George Shingleton 11/70 Band 2021 Dates for the 2021 Blame My Roots Festival are Friday, July 16 through Sunday, July 17. Artists that are announced to perform include: Friday: Neal McCoy, Joe Dee Messina, Adam Doleac, Walker Montgomery Saturday: Miranda Lambert, Lee Brice, Tenille Townes, Niko Moon, Allie Colleen References External links Official website Country music festivals in the United States Music festivals in Ohio Music festivals established in 2019

38733838

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buseh%20Hajj

Buseh Hajj

Buseh Hajj (, also Romanized as Būseh Ḩājj) is a village in Nargesan Rural District, Jebalbarez-e Jonubi District, Anbarabad County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 78, in 16 families. References Populated places in Anbarabad County

38199941

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Be%20My%20Valentine%20%28Lovely%20Valentine%27s%20Day%29

Be My Valentine (Lovely Valentine's Day)

"Be My Valentine (Lovely Valentine's Day)" is the ninth single by Tommy february6. It was released February 6, 2013 as a Valentine's Day single. The song debuted at number 26 on the Oricon weekly singles chart selling 4,022 copies in its first week. Track list Notes "Ai no ♥ Ai no Hoshi" was originally performed by Tommy's band, the brilliant green. References External links "Be My Valentine" Japanese lyrics "Be My Valentine/Love's Star" Romaji lyrics 2013 singles 2013 songs Tomoko Kawase songs Warner Music Japan singles Songs written by Tomoko Kawase

52408554

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane%20Wright%20%28swimmer%29

Jane Wright (swimmer)

Jane Wright (born 23 March 1955) is a Canadian former breaststroke swimmer. She competed in two events at the 1972 Summer Olympics. References External links 1955 births Living people Canadian female breaststroke swimmers Olympic swimmers of Canada Swimmers at the 1972 Summer Olympics Swimmers from Toronto Swimmers at the 1971 Pan American Games Pan American Games gold medalists for Canada Pan American Games silver medalists for Canada Pan American Games medalists in swimming Medalists at the 1971 Pan American Games

43573623

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Pro%20Grid%20League

National Pro Grid League

The National Pro Grid League (NPGL) was a professional athletics organization consisting of mixed-gender teams that operated from 2014 through 2016. No NPGL events have occurred since the final matches in 2016. The teams compete in timed events in the competition space referred to as "the grid". The NPGL refers to the sport itself as GRID and describes it as "strategic team athletics racing". History The sport was founded and developed by Tony Budding, a former employee of CrossFit Inc., who had had significant involvement in the CrossFit Games as media director. The NPGL was originally to be named the National Pro Fitness League. However, the acronym NPFL was deemed to be too similar to more popular National Football League (NFL), and the name was changed to the National Pro GRID League. Because of its similarities to CrossFit, Budding was able to secure early investors, a television contract with the NBC Sports Group, and an opening night in Madison Square Garden. However, the NPGL halted operations midway through its inaugural season due to potential investors' backing out. This led to cancellations of matches and caused the season to finish its finals in a format different from what was originally planned. Towards the end of the season, Budding was quietly let go as the CEO of the NPGL and replaced by Jim Kean, and Budding is no longer involved with the NPGL. For the NPGL's second season, in 2015, matches were held at only certain locations where they would often host multiple matches in a single day. The opening weekend took place on June 13–14 during the FitExpo at the San Jose Convention Center in San Jose, California, and all eight teams competed. The second matches were held regionally; all four Eastern Conference teams played in Landover, Maryland, one match at Alameda County Fairgrounds in Pleasanton, California, and one match at BankUnited Center in Miami, Florida. The final matches of the season were held on August 22–23 during the FitExpo at the Anaheim Convention Center in Anaheim, California, where all eight teams once again competed. The entire postseason took place from September 16 to September 20, also at the Anaheim Convention Center. Despite the league's initial strong ties to competitive CrossFit Games athletes, the DC Brawlers would win the NPGL Championship in the first two seasons using lesser known CrossFit competitors in their matches compared to other teams. In 2016, the NPGL underwent a further consolidation of match locations for its third season. All matches were scheduled to be played with the same eight teams, each playing three matches, at the Utah Valley Convention Center in Provo, Utah, between August 17 and August 27, 2016. The postseason was also held at the Utah Valley Convention Center between September 2 and September 7. The previously undefeated DC Brawlers lost their first ever match in the semifinal on September 2 to the Boston Iron. The Phoenix Rise then defeated the Iron for the 2016 championship on September 7. Circa January 2018, the official website became defunct. However, a number of amateur Grid leagues continue to operate. Match formats In the inaugural 2014 season, each Grid Match format was named after a prominent mountain, with current formats including Kilimanjaro, McKinley (later revamped slightly and called Denali in 2016), Pikes Peak, Everest, and Teton. In the second season, other prominent geographic landmarks were used such as Amazon. In the third season the final match is called Timpanogos, named after the most prominent mountain near the Utah Valley where all the 2016 season matches took place. For each Grid "Match", two opposing teams compete in eleven races progressing across four quadrants of the Grid. Each of the eleven races had a specific format that remained consistent, although the individual athletic tasks performed during each race varied from match to match. The athletic tasks performed incorporate weightlifting, gymnastics and bodyweight maneuvers denominated as "Elements" of each race. Rules In 2014, each roster consisted of ten men and ten women, but only five men and five women per team as starters, three men and three women on the bench as reserves, and two men and two women on the inactive roster. In 2015, the roster size was reduced from 20 to 18. Each team could only have 14 eligible players per match with only four players on the bench to act as substitutes for the ten starters. Once a substituted player took the place of one of the ten starters, the substituted player could not return for that match. In 2016, the team size of 18 remained the same but teams were allowed to have an additional six developmental players signed. The developmental players could not be used in matches during the season. Since the very first season, one starting athlete of each gender from each team must be 40 years of age or older. Each race is four to eight minutes in length. Television coverage For 2014, the NPGL entered into an agreement with NBC Sports Group to televise the playoffs and championship on NBC Sports Network. The championships finals aired live on NBCSN on October 3, 2014, at 10:30 p.m. ET (22:30 ET), and a replay aired on NBC on October 5, 2014, at 1 p.m. ET (13:00 ET). The 2016 season was aired on Comcast, beIN Sports, Root Sports, and One World Sports. Teams Active teams at league closing Baltimore Anthem (2015–2016) Boston Iron (2014–2016) DC Brawlers (2014–2016) Los Angeles Reign (2014–2016) Miami Surge (2014–2016) New York Rhinos (2014–2016) Phoenix Rise (2014–2016) San Francisco Fire (2014–2016) Ceased operations Carolina Crush (2015) – announced as an expansion team for the 2015 season but later announced they would not participate due to not meeting league requirements Philadelphia Founders (2014) – competed in the inaugural 2014 season, but folded shortly thereafter Champions References External links National Pro Grid League official web site National Pro Grid League Facebook page National Pro Grid League Twitter page 2014 establishments in the United States Sports organizations of the United States National Pro GRID League Mixed-sex sports Professional sports leagues in the United States

57843242

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pito%20Seamount

Pito Seamount

Pito Seamount is a seamount in the Pacific Ocean. It rises to a depth of and features hydrothermal activity in the form of black smokers, which were discovered in 1993. Geography and geology Regional Pito seamount lies north-northwest of Easter Island. In 1993, during the "Pito" expedition the submarine Nautile discovered active black smokers at its foot or at the summit. The region northwest of Easter Island is characterized by the Easter Microplate, a plate set within the East Pacific Rise. Two rift zones delimit eastward and westward, while the Pito and the Orongo fracture zones form its northern and southern border, respectively. Pito seamount lies on the fracture zone of the same name and may indicate incipient seafloor spreading. Local Pito seamount has an wide base, rises to a depth of and features a deep and almost wide axial valley. Several smaller cones dot Pito's surface, and the seafloor depression, Pito Deep, lies northwest of the seamount. Fresh basaltic pillow lavas with geochemical characteristics typical of mid-ocean ridge basalts occur on Pito, as do sheet and lobate lava flows. The lavas often have a glassy surface. The first black smokers have been found at depths of at the foot of Pito seamount. A number of black smoker fields are found on Pito and are named Abe, Jason, Magnificent Village, Medea, Scotty's Castle and Sentry; the field originally discovered in 1993 is Magnificent Village and is also the largest. About fifty vents, some active and others inactive, have been observed in the summit area. Temperatures range . Extensive faulting in the region may aid in the establishment of a hydrothermal circulation. Hydrothermal deposits contain chalcopyrite, marcasite, melnikovite, pyrite, sphalerite as well as general iron and zinc sulfides. Anhydrite and amorphous silica were also found at low frequency. Traces of bacterial activity, such as small pores and oxidation products, have been found in the hydrothermal deposits. Biology Actinides, alvinellids, anemones, crabs, gastropods, mussels and shrimps have been encountered at the hydrothermal vents of Pito seamount. The biological community is not very diverse either due to a waning of hydrothermal activity or biogeographical barriers and lacks vestimentiferans. On inactive vents, brittle stars are found. Overall, the biota of Pito Seamount resembles that of other segments of the East Pacific Rise. References Sources Seamounts of the Pacific Ocean Hydrothermal vents

10639043

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wassim%20El%20Banna

Wassim El Banna

Wassim El Banna (; born 10 May 1979) is a former professional footballer who played as a forward. He has represented Odense Boldklub, Aarhus Fremad, and Vejle Boldklub in the Danish Superliga. Born in Lebanon to Palestinian parents, El Banna obtained Danish citizenship in 1997. He represented Denmark internationally at youth level between 1997 and 1998. Early life El Banna, who was born in Lebanon, moved to Germany at the age of five before settling with his family in the Odense suburb Vollsmose. In 1997, El Banna obtained Danish citizenship. Club career El Banna started his senior career with Odense BK, making his Danish Superliga debut at age 18 in August 1997. He scored four goals in 12 games, including a hat-trick against Ikast FS, but could not keep Odense from being relegated at the end of the Danish Superliga 1997-98 season. He spent time on loan with Superliga club Aarhus Fremad in 1999, scoring two goals in nine games in the last half of the Danish Superliga 1998-99 season, as Aarhus Fremad was relegated. He then enjoyed spells in the Danish 1st Division with all of the other big Odense clubs Dalum IF, B 1913, and B 1909, before moving to Copenhagen club BK Frem in the summer of 2005. El Banna played a total of 66 matches, scoring 28 goals during his first spell with Frem, before he was sold to Ajman Club in the United Arab Emirates in 2007. He returned to Frem in March 2008 on an amateur contract. It was to be a rather short second stay with Frem, as he transferred to Superliga club Vejle Boldklub by the end of the season. After half a season in Vejle, the striker returned to Frem in to begin his third spell at the club, staying with Frem until the summer 2009. In September 2009, El Banna signed an amateur contract for the remainder of the year with FC Hjørring in the Danish 2nd Division. He was without a club for a while, before signing with 2nd Division team BK Glostrup-Albertslund in April 2010. International career From September 1997 to December 1998, El Banna played seven games for the Denmark national under-19 and under-20 teams. References External links Danish national team profile Boldklubben Frem profile Danish Superliga statistics 1979 births Living people Danish footballers Palestinian footballers Odense Boldklub players Boldklubben Frem players Vejle Boldklub players Vendsyssel FF players SfB-Oure FA players Ajman Club players Danish Superliga players Palestinian expatriate footballers Palestinian emigrants to Denmark UAE First Division League players Association football forwards Boldklubben 1913 players Dalum IF players Denmark youth international footballers

38281861

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton%20Drake

Milton Drake

Milton Drake (August 3, 1912 - November 13, 2006) was an American lyricist and performing rights administrator. As a child, he performed in vaudeville and films and on radio. Later he wrote special material for theater and night club revues, including "Cotton Club Parade", "Riviera Follies", "Paradise Parade", and "Latin Quarter Revue". Drake's musical collaborators included Oscar Levant, Al Hoffman, Jerry Livingston, Louis Alter, Ben Oakland and Con Conrad, among others. Drake was a member of the American Guild of Authors and Composers for 28 years, and for five years was the chairman of the AGAC council. In August 1962 Drake resigned from AGAC in protest. Drake criticised the lack of progressive leadership at the organisation, and their relationship with music publishers. In 1949 Drake married the singer Adele Clark, Decca recording artist and star of The Adele Clark Show. His brother was songwriter Ervin Drake. Notable songs "Java Jive" (1940) "If It’s You" (1941) "Mairzy Doats" (1943) "Fuzzy Wuzzy" (1944) "Nina Never Knew" "She Broke My Heart in Three Places" "My Dreams are Gone with the Wind" "Has Hitler Made a Monkey Out of You?" References 1912 births 2006 deaths Musicians from New York City American lyricists Jewish American songwriters Songwriters from New York (state) 20th-century American Jews 21st-century American Jews

7862128

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Wintringham

Michael Wintringham

Michael Charles Wintringham (born 1947) is a New Zealand public servant. He served as State Services Commissioner, head of New Zealand's public service, from 1997 to 2004. Wintringham was born in Blenheim, went to St John's College, Hastings, and has a BA (Hons) degree from Victoria University of Wellington. He started his career in the New Zealand Treasury in 1970, and between 1980 and 1984 was posted to Washington as economic counsellor at the New Zealand Embassy. He then worked as an assistant auditor-general, before leaving the public service to work for a management consultancy in Wellington. Wintringham was appointed chief executive of the Ministry of Housing by State Services Commissioner Don Hunn. In 1997, Wintringham succeeded Hunn as State Services Commissioner and head of New Zealand's public service. In 2001, Wintringham was sued in the Employment Court for NZ$1.2 million by former Work and Income New Zealand chief executive Christine Rankin. Incoming social welfare minister Steve Maharey criticised Rankin's personal and management style as chief executive in 1999, and Wintringham chose not to reappoint Rankin to the role in 2001. Rankin made allegations of sexism towards her by officials and ministers. Rankin lost the court case, but some of the evidence given during the hearing by Wintringham and Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet chief executive Mark Prebble was embarrassing to all involved, and was the dominant political news topic of the year. Mark Prebble succeeded Wintringham as State Services Commissioner in 2004. Wintringham subsequently became a member of the Remuneration Authority, which sets the rate of pay for MPs, in 2005, and was appointed chairman of the authority in 2009. Wintringham is also chairman of the Earthquake Commission. In the 2005 New Year Honours, Winringham was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for public services as State Services Commissioner. References 1947 births Living people Companions of the New Zealand Order of Merit New Zealand public servants Victoria University of Wellington alumni People educated at St John's College, Hastings People from Blenheim, New Zealand

36427339

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My%20Wife%20%28film%29

My Wife (film)

La mia signora (internationally released as My Wife) is a 1964 Italian comedy film directed by Tinto Brass, Mauro Bolognini and Luigi Comencini. It consists of five episodes, all starring Alberto Sordi and Silvana Mangano. The episode Eritrea, directed by Comencini, was later remade by Sergio Corbucci as the film Rimini Rimini (1987). References External links 1964 films Italian films Commedia all'italiana Films directed by Mauro Bolognini Films directed by Tinto Brass Films directed by Luigi Comencini Italian comedy films Films set in Rome 1964 comedy films

13067312

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Antol%C3%ADnez

José Antolínez

José Claudio Antolinez (1635 – 30 May 1675) was a Spanish painter of the Baroque period. Career and personality Antolinez was born and died in Madrid. He received his early training at the studio of Francisco Rizi. His "haughty character and sarcastic personality gained him many enemies among his contemporaries". Some note he played maddening jokes on his colleagues Claudio Coello and Cabezalero as well as Itizi, whom he called painter of wall ornaments, in allusion to the latter's decoration of the hall of comedies in the Palace of Buen Retiro; but also impelled likely by his jealousy at lacking the same skill. Antolinez also painted religious paintings. Works Paintings Saint Sebastian Pintor Pobre A Child (Una niña), oil on panel (58 x 46 cm), Museo del Prado, Madrid Huertos Olivos Adoration of the Magi (around the 1660s) Death of Lucretia (Muerte de Lucrecia) (1663), Alcalá Subastas, now belongs to the Comyn collection in Barcelona since May 2007 Immaculate (around 1665), Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao. Annunciation (between 1665 and 1675) Immaculate Conception (La Inmaculada Concepción) (1666), oil on panel 207 x 167 cm, Museo Lázaro Galdiano, Madrid Bacanal con niños (around 1670), oil on panel, 90 x 136 cm,Museo de Bellas Artes de Córdoba Éxtasis de la Magdalena (around 1670), National Art Museum of Romania, Bucharest Inmaculada (around 1670), oil on panel, 213 x 70 cm, Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford. Saint Rose of Lima (around 1670), oil on panel, 306 x 150 8, Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest Suicide of Cleopatra, oil on panel, 137.5 x 115.5 cm, now at the Comyn collection in Barcelona since May 2007 Assumption of Saint Mary Holy Family Portrait of a Man The Liberation of St. Peter, oil on canvas, currently in the National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin. Other San Jerónimo Chapel, Jaén Cathedral References Angulo Iñíguez, Diego, José Antolínez. Madrid: Instituto Diego Velázquez del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1957, p. 8. Buendía, José Rogelio, José Antolínez, pintor de mitologías (José Antolínez: Painter of Myths), Boletín del Museo e Instituto Camón Aznar, no. 1 (1980), p. 45-57. Gutiérrez Pastor, Ismael, Novedades de pintura madrileña del siglo XVII: obras de José Antolínez y de Francisco Solís, Anuario del Departamento de Historia y Teoría del Arte (UAM), vol. XII (2000), p. 75-92. Palomino, Antonio (1988). El museo pictórico y escala óptica III. El parnaso español pintoresco laureado. Madrid, Aguilar S.A., p. 338 . External links José Antolínez at the Museo del Prado. Article at the GER Encyclopedia 1635 births 1675 deaths 17th-century Spanish painters Spanish male painters Spanish Baroque painters Artists from Madrid

54024584

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanvihangel%20railway%20station

Llanvihangel railway station

Llanvihangel railway station was a former station which served the Monmouthshire village of Llanvihangel Crucorney. It was located on the Welsh Marches Line between Hereford and Abergavenny. The platforms were staggered beneath the road bridge. Station buildings were substantially constructed of stone. Llanvihangel is close to the summit of the Llanvihangel Bank as it climbs north from Abergavenny at a 1 in 82 gradient. The station closed in 1958. The double line remains in use but the platforms have been removed. References Further reading Disused railway stations in Monmouthshire Former Great Western Railway stations Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1854 Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1958

66262763

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20of%20Bar%20%28disambiguation%29

Henry of Bar (disambiguation)

Henry of Bar may refer to: Henry I, Count of Bar (r. 1170–1190) Henry II, Count of Bar (r. 1214–1239) Henry III, Count of Bar (r. 1291–1302) Henry IV, Count of Bar (r. 1336–1344) Henry of Bar (d. 1397), marquis de Pont-à-Mousson

33854958

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principles%20of%20Biology

Principles of Biology

Principles of Biology is a college level biology electronic textbook published by Nature Publishing in 2011. The book is not a digitally reformatted version of a paper book. The book, the first in a projected series, is Nature Publishing's first foray into textbook publishing. Format Principles is composed of 200 modules, which can be customized by the instructor. The modules combine text, images, simulations, interactive exercises, self-tests, and formal tests. The book draws on the science journal Nature's archive of research papers. It was created by a group of more than 100 scientists, instructors, scientific illustrators, interaction designers, and faculty reviewers. It is available in formats for computers, tablets, and smartphones. No traditional paper edition is available. The book is purchased on a one-time payment subscription basis, with the purchase covering all future updates or supplements. Reception The book has been adopted for use at California State University. One favorable reviewer described the text as "post-Gutenberg", referring to the Printing Revolution that occurred upon the development of the movable type printing press by Johannes Gutenberg ca 1439. The book, and its umbrella textbook publishing division, has been described as potentially breaking down the traditional textbook publishing business model. The work has been compared with other publishers' electronic textbook experiments, including Wolfram Research. References External links Principles of Biology at the Nature Publishing Group website Principles of Biology at the Principles of Science (beta) textbook series website Science textbooks 2011 non-fiction books Biology books 2011 in biology

19856811

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyszki-Bregendy

Tyszki-Bregendy

Tyszki-Bregendy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szydłowo, within Mława County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Mława and north of Warsaw. The village has an approximate population of 70. References Tyszki-Bregendy

57997026

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia%20in%20the%20Junior%20Eurovision%20Song%20Contest%202018

Australia in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2018

Australia participated in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2018 in Minsk, Belarus. The Australian broadcaster ABC was responsible for choosing their entry for the contest. Jael was internally selected to represent Australia in Belarus. Background Prior to the 2018 Contest, Australia had participated in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest three times since its debut in , with the song "My Girls" performed by Bella Paige. In , Alexa Curtis represented Australia with the song "We Are", achieving fifth place. In 2017, Isabella Clarke represented Australia with her song "Speak Up" , achieving third place. Before Junior Eurovision On 1 September 2018, it was announced that Jael had been internally chosen by the broadcaster to represent Australia. Artist and song information Jael Jael Wena (born 22 December 2005) is an Australian singer of Congolese descent who represented Australia at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2018 with the song "Champion", finishing third. In 2019, she competed in the season 9 of Australia's Got Talent. Champion "Champion" is a song by Australian singer Jael. It represented Australia at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2018. At Junior Eurovision During the opening ceremony and the running order draw which both took place on 19 November 2018, Australia was drawn to perform twelfth on 25 November 2018, following Italy and preceding Georgia. Voting Detailed voting results References Junior Eurovision Song Contest Australia Junior

66262507

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzanne%20Crocker

Suzanne Crocker

Suzanne Crocker is a Canadian documentary filmmaker from Dawson City, Yukon. She is most noted for her films All the Time in the World (2014), which won the award for Most Popular Canadian Documentary at the 2014 Vancouver International Film Festival, and First We Eat, which was one of the winners of the Audience Award at the 2020 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival. References External links Canadian documentary film directors Canadian women film directors Film directors from Yukon People from Dawson City Living people Year of birth missing (living people)

40663753

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-egg

Power-egg

A power-egg is a complete "unitized" modular engine installation, consisting of engine and all ancillary equipment, which can be swapped between suitably designed equipment, with standardised quick-changing attachment points and connectors. In aircraft so designed the power-egg is typically removed before mean time to failure is reached and a fresh one installed, the removed engine then being sent for maintenance. Spare power-eggs may be stored in sealed containers, to be opened when needed. The power-egg or Kraftei format was used in some German Second World War era aircraft, particularly for twin or multi-engined airframe designs. It existed in two differing formats – the initial Motoranlage format which used some specialized added components depending on what airframe it was meant for use on, and the Triebwerksanlage format, a more complete unitization format usually including exhaust and oil cooling systems. Applications Germany Inline and radial engines were both incorporated into the Kraftei concept : the Junkers Jumo 211 was a pioneering example of engine unitization, as used on both the Junkers Ju 88 using a novel annular radiator for both main engine coolant and engine oil cooling needs (viewable on the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force's restored Ju 88D-1 reconnaissance aircraft ), with exactly the same nacelle packaging used to power the Messerschmitt Me 264 V1's first flights. Both the examples of the Dornier Do 217 medium bomber powered by inline engines, and the Axis Powers' largest-flown powered aircraft of any type, the Blohm & Voss BV 238 flying boat used essentially the same unitized Daimler-Benz DB 603 powerplants, complete with "chin" radiators under the nacelles as integral components. A differing Kraftei physical packaging is also believed to have been crafted by the Heinkel firm for the DB 603 engines used on its Heinkel He 219A night fighter, as what appears to be the same exact engine installation design used for the He 219A was also used for the quartet of ordered airframes for the same firm's He 177B four-DB 603-engined heavy bomber design's prototype series, as both airframe types' engine "units" used annular radiators and cylindrical cowls of identical appearance to enclose them. The air-cooled BMW 801 fourteen-cylinder, twin-row radial engine was also provided in both formats for a number of German designs, especially for twin and multi-engined airframes, with the "M" or "T" first suffix letter designating whether it was a Motoranlage (the original format of the Kraftei concept) or the more comprehensively consolidated Triebwerksanlage format unitized powerplant – the BMW-designed forward cowling ring always used with the 801 incorporated the engine's oil cooler, making it an easy task for aviation engineers to use for such a "unitized" mounting concept. One known surviving Motoranlage-packaged BMW 801 radial still exists and is on restored display at the New England Air Museum, Bradley International Airport, Windsor Locks, CT, with preserved examples of a Ju 88R-1 night fighter and Ju 388L-1 reconnaissance aircraft, one each in the United Kingdom and the United States respectively, also having unitized Kraftei-installation BMW 801 radials on them. Soviet Union Project 651E, originally envisaged as a modification of the Juliett-class submarine, consisted of a small mostly self-contained additional 600 kW nuclear reactor, model VAU-6, the so-called Dollezhal egg. This nuclear powerpack aimed to greatly prolong submerged capabilities of what was otherwise a normal diesel-electric submarine with long duration idling and underwater recharging of batteries. The system was developed but did not see unclassified service through 1985. United Kingdom A scheme for unitised engine installations was initiated by the Air Ministry in 1937 and after consultation with the Society of British Aircraft Constructors (SBAC) a system was devised allowing standardised dimensions and bulkhead fittings for both inline and radial engine installations of similar power. The Bristol Aeroplane Company devised an installation known as a "power egg" for the Hercules engine in 1938, an example of which was exhibited at the 1938 Paris Aeronautical Salon. The Hercules installation was used on the Bristol Beaufighter, Armstrong Whitworth Albemarle, Vickers Wellington, Short Stirling, and Handley Page Halifax. After an early "Power Unit" installation was devised by Rolls-Royce (RR) for the Merlin X and used in the Armstrong Whitworth Whitley and Vickers Wellington, a more advanced "Power Plant" design was devised for the Merlin XX, a unitized Merlin XX-series engine installation and nacelle being designed and first used on the Beaufighter Mark II which was later also used on the Miles M.20, Avro Lancaster and Avro York, and the post-war CASA 2.111. Merlin Power Plant production rose from just over 100 in 1939 to nearly 14,000 by 1944, mostly destined for the Lancaster. A new installation was subsequently designed as the "Universal Power Plant" (UPP) radiator and cowling installation developed for the Avro Lincoln (Merlin 65, 68, and 85) and also used on the Vickers Windsor (Merlin 85), and subsequently used on the Avro Tudor (Merlin 100-series), Canadair North Star/Argonaut (Merlin 600-series), and Avro Shackleton (Griffon 61 and 62). Capable of mounting either the 27 litre Merlin or the larger 37 litre Griffon, the UPP attached to the nacelle firewall via the SBAC standard circular bulkhead. In the North Star (A Canadian-built variant of the Douglas DC-4) the UPP design had to be changed slightly due to having to use the non-standard Douglas DC-4 bulkhead attachment, resulting in the North Star's cowling panels being tapered slightly rather than parallel-sided. The UPP installation had the advantage that all engines were interchangeable between nacelle positions, i.e., an inboard engine could be exchanged with an outboard engine, and engine types (Merlin or Griffon) and Mark No.s could be mixed and flown on the same aircraft, a Hucknall Lancaster test bed being flown with two Merlins for the North Star in one position, and with two Merlins for the Tudor in the others. Rolls-Royce continued the practice of unitised engine packages post-war with the Dart and Tyne turboprops, and later with podded jet engines such as the Conway and RB211 being supplied as complete RR-designed units with all cowling panels and nacelle fittings, including thrust reverser, ready for attachment to the engine pylon. United States In the United States Pratt & Whitney produced a R-2180-E Twin Wasp E "power egg" installation certificated in 1945 for use as an engine upgrade for the Douglas DC-4, however finding few buyers, it was eventually only used on the Saab 90 Scandia. See also Avia S-199, Bf-109 airframes fitted with engines and propellers of the Heinkel He 111 bomber Powerpack (drivetrain) Power module Prime mover References External links "Interchangeability" a 1939 Flight article "Engine Mountings" a 1944 Flight article "The Hercules Power Plant" a 1942 Flight article "Rolls-Royce Power Plants" a 1942 advertisement in Flight Aircraft engines

59025169

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biathlon%20at%20the%202016%20Winter%20Youth%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Boys%27%20sprint

Biathlon at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics – Boys' sprint

The boys' 7.5 km sprint biathlon competition at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics was held on 14 February at the Birkebeineren Ski Stadium. Results The race was started at 12:15. References Biathlon at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics

522788

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Bismarck%20Sea

USS Bismarck Sea

USS Bismarck Sea (CVE-95) was the fortieth of fifty s built to serve the United States Navy during World War II; she was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the Battle of the Bismarck Sea. Completed in May 1944, she served in support of the Philippines campaign, and the landings on Iwo Jima. On 21 February 1945, she sank off of Iwo Jima due to two Japanese kamikaze attacks, killing 318 crewmen. Notably, she was the last aircraft carrier in U.S. service to sink due to enemy action. Design and description Bismarck Sea was a Casablanca-class escort carrier, the most numerous type of aircraft carriers ever built, and designed specifically to be mass-produced using prefabricated sections, in order to replace heavy early war losses. Standardized with her sister ships, she was long overall, had a beam of , and a draft of . She displaced standard, with a full load. She had a long hangar deck, a long flight deck. She was powered with two Uniflow reciprocating steam engines, which provided a force of , driving two shafts, enabling her to make . The ship had a cruising range of , assuming that she traveled at a constant speed of . Her compact size necessitated the installment of an aircraft catapult at her bow end, and there were two aircraft elevators to facilitate movement of aircraft between the flight and hangar deck: one on the fore, another on the aft. One /38 caliber dual purpose gun was mounted on the stern, and she was equipped with 16 Bofors 40 mm anti-aircraft guns in twin mounts, as well as 12 Oerlikon 20 mm cannons, which were used in an anti-aircraft capability. By the end of the war, Casablanca-class carriers had been modified to carry 30 20 mm cannons, as a response to increasing casualties due to kamikaze attacks. Anti-aircraft guns were mounted around the perimeter of the deck. Casablanca-class escort carriers were designed to carry 27 aircraft, but she sometimes went over or under this number. For example, during the Philippines campaign, she carried 16 Wildcat FM-2 fighters and 12 Avenger TBM-3 torpedo bombers, for a total of 28 aircraft. During the Iwo Jima campaign, she carried 19 FM-2 fighters, and 12 TBM-3 torpedo bombers, for a total of 31 aircraft. She was designed to accommodate 764 crew, but in wartime, her complement inevitably crept over that number. A reasonable estimate puts the number of crew typically on board a Casablanca-class escort carrier at around 910 to 916 men. Construction and service history Her construction was awarded to Kaiser Shipbuilding Company, Vancouver, Washington under a Maritime Commission contract, on 18 June 1942, under the name Alikula Bay, as part of a tradition which named escort carriers after bays or sounds in Alaska. She was laid down on 31 January 1944, and was assigned the designation MC hull 1132. She was launched on 17 April 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Mabel C. Wallgren, wife of Senator Monrad Wallgren, under the name Alikula Bay. She was renamed Bismarck Sea on 16 May 1944, as part of a new naval policy which named subsequent Casablanca-class carriers after naval or land engagements, and she was transferred to the United States Navy and commissioned on 20 May, with Captain John L. Pratt in command. After being commissioned, Bismarck Sea engaged in training exercises off the West Coast throughout June. On 1 July, she left San Pedro ferrying aircraft and pilots to Pearl Harbor. After unloading her aircraft, she loaded more aircraft and ferried them to the Marshall Islands, arriving at Majuro Atoll on 16 July. She then proceeded back to Pearl Harbor, carrying damaged aircraft, arriving on 29 July, along with her sister ship . Throughout August, she was stationed at San Diego for a four-week overhaul, where she received her combat air contingent, Composite Squadron (VC) 86. Between 7 September, and 16 October, she engaged in additional training exercises. She then steamed to Ulithi, Caroline Islands, to join Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid's 7th Fleet on 1 November. Between 14 and 23 November, she operated off Leyte and Mindanao in support of operations onboard Leyte. On 21 November, a Japanese aircraft made a strafing run along the carrier, but without inflicting any damage, and escaped to the northwest before it could be engaged. On 27 November, she arrived at Seeadler Harbor, New Guinea, to join Task Group 77.4, commanded by Rear Admiral Calvin T. Durgin. Throughout December, she conducted additional flight training and gunnery exercises. On 27 December, she left for Palau, to support the invasion of Luzon. On 5 January 1945, her task group sighted the Japanese destroyers and . engaged in a brief and inconclusive firefight with the destroyers, before disengaging to provide a screen. Twenty-four fighters and sixteen torpedo bombers were sent against the destroyers, which Bismarck Sea supplemented the strike group with four Avengers and the same amount of Wildcats. The aerial strike force inflicted serious damage on both of the destroyers, sinking Momi. Hinoki, albeit damaged, was able to escape into Manila harbor, but she was subsequently sunk on 7 January by aircraft from Task Force 78. However, that same day, the escort carrier was sunk by a kamikaze aircraft. The task group then participated in the Invasion of Lingayen Gulf and supported air operations over Luzon until 17 January, when the task group proceeded towards Ulithi in preparation for the invasion of Iwo Jima. She departed Ulithi on 10 February, reorganized into Task Unit 52.2, still under the command of Durgin, and consisting of ten escort carriers and their destroyer screens, along with two escort carriers loosely tied into the task group on anti-submarine duties. On 16 February, she arrived off Iwo Jima to support the landings. The task group's aircraft conducted anti-submarine patrols, anti-aircraft patrols, and supported the first wave of troops on 19 February. Close air support, almost all of it derived from carriers, played a major role throughout the invasion. Sinking On 16 February, Vice-Admiral Kimpei Teroaka authorized the formation of a kamikaze special attack unit to counter the imminent landings on Iwo Jima. The kamikaze force consisted of thirty-two aircraft in total, and on the early morning of 21 February, they departed from Katori Naval Air Base, in Asahi, Chiba. They refueled at Hachijō-jima, and proceeded towards the U.S. naval contingent surrounding Iwo Jima, arriving near sunset. When the kamikazes arrived, Bismarck Sea was performing routine close air support with the rest of Task Group 52.2. At the time, the escort carrier task group, having split in two, consisted of Bismarck Sea, her sister ships , , Saginaw Bay, , and , along with a destroyer contingent. The task group was steaming approximately east of Iwo Jima. At 17:30, the aircraft on Bismarck Sea were scrambled to deal with incoming planes, which turned out to be friendly. After recovering her planes, she found it necessary to take on three planes from other carriers and, due to the lack of deck space, to shelter four of her fighters below-decks without emptying their fuel tanks, a decision which would later prove disastrous. This brought the number of aircraft aboard the carrier to thirty-seven aircraft: 19 FM-2 fighters, 15 TBM-3 torpedo bombers, 2 OY-1 reconnaissance aircraft, and a F6F Hellcat fighter. At 18:45, the task group spotted the Japanese planes headed for them, when a Mitsubishi G4M made a dive towards Lunga Point. Gunners from Bismarck Sea shot it down. At 18:46, five Nakajima B6Ns dove towards Lunga Point. All four of the kamikazes missed with their torpedoes, and none of them made successful contact with Lunga Point, albeit the third kamikaze's wreckage skidded across the carrier's deck, sparking a brief gasoline fire. Damage to Lunga Point was minimal, and eleven of her crew were wounded. There were no fatalities, and she was able to continue operating in support of troops on Iwo Jima. The fifth plane, however, switched targets, and proceeded towards Bismarck Sea. At , it was spotted by, and engaged by gunners aboard Bismarck Sea. However, despite the heavy gunfire, which damaged the plane, it quickly approached Bismarck Sea from the starboard side at a low angle, which the anti-aircraft guns could not depress sufficiently to fire at. The plane plowed in under the first 40 mm gun (aft), crashing through the hangar deck and striking the ship's magazines. At the time of the crash, the aircraft elevator was in operation, and nearly up to the flight deck, when its cables were cut by the kamikaze, causing the platform to drop onto the hangar deck with a tremendous amount of force. The force of the explosion distributed munitions, including torpedoes, across the deck, and started a fire. The ship's steering was also rendered dysfunctional by the blast. The sprinkler system and the water curtains were inoperative, but the fire was nearly under control when about two minutes later, a second plane, likely attracted by the ship's glow against the darkness, approaching from the port side, struck the aft elevator shaft, exploding on impact, killing the majority of the fire-fighting party and destroying the fire fighting salt-water distribution system, thus preventing any further damage control. The second plane detonated amongst the four fighters which were sheltered belowdecks, and the fighters, with full gasoline tanks, quickly turned the fire into a conflagration, enveloping the entire aft side of the ship. When munitions on board the ship began to detonate, and with no firefighting equipment operational, the situation quickly deteriorated. At 19:00, the crew assembled at their "abandon ship" locations, and the engines were cut. Captain John L. Pratt issued the order to abandon ship at 19:05. As the crew abandoned ship, a large explosion, likely from the detonation of the torpedoes within the hangar deck, rocked the ship. This explosion tore much of the aft-end of the ship to shreds, and she quickly acquired a list to the starboard. Twenty Wildcats and eleven Avengers went down with Bismarck Sea. The majority of the crew made it off the ship in the next 30 minutes. At 20:07, the ship's island detached from the hull and slid into the water. Two hours after the dual kamikaze attacks, at 21:15, Bismarck Sea sank with the loss of 318 men, and was the last US Navy aircraft carrier to be lost during World War II. Many casualties were inflicted once the crew abandoned ship, through hypothermia, choppy seas, and Japanese aircraft strafing the survivors. Three destroyers and three destroyer escorts rescued survivors over the next 12 hours, between them saving a total of 605 officers and men from her crew of 923. The destroyer escort directed the rescue operations of the remaining hands, in spite of darkness, heavy seas and continuing air attacks, rescuing a majority of the surviving crew. Thirty of Edmonds own crew went over the side to bring the wounded and exhausted carrier men to safety. Edmonds hauled up 378 men, the destroyer escort retrieved 136 men, and the destroyer recovered 39 survivors. Survivors were then transferred to the attack transports and . The special attack unit which struck on 21 February, in addition to sinking Bismarck Sea, also heavily damaged , , and slightly damaged Lunga Point, , and . Bismarck Sea was the only ship to sink as a result of the attacks and was struck from the Navy List on 30 March; to date, she is the last US aircraft carrier lost due to enemy action. The kamikaze attacks killed 43 Japanese in total. See also List of U.S. Navy ship losses in World War II References Sources Online Sources Bibliography External links Casablanca-class escort carriers World War II escort aircraft carriers of the United States World War II shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean 1944 ships Ships sunk by kamikaze attack Aircraft carriers sunk by aircraft Maritime incidents in February 1945 S4-S2-BB3 ships Naval magazine explosions

15470840

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo%20Agreements%2C%201930

Oslo Agreements, 1930

The Oslo Agreements or Convention of Economic Rapprochement of 22 December 1930 were an economic agreement between the countries which had already agreed upon the Dutch-Scandinavian Economic Pact (Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden) earlier that year and the countries of the BLEU, Belgium and Luxembourg. Finland would join the agreement in 1933. The countries promised not to raise tariffs between them without first notifying and consulting the other signatory powers. As with the Dutch-Scandinavian Economic Pact, the Oslo Agreements were one of the regional responses to the Great Depression. See also Ouchy Convention Sources Nordic Trade Policy in the 1930s Declaration of 1 July 1938 (end of the agreement) Treaties of Belgium Treaties of Luxembourg Treaties of Denmark Treaties of Norway Treaties of Sweden Free trade agreements 1930 in Denmark 1930 in Luxembourg Interwar-period treaties Treaties concluded in 1930 Treaties of the Netherlands Treaties of Finland

512845

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Mason

USS Mason

USS Mason has been the name of more than one United States Navy ship, and may refer to: , a destroyer in commission from 1920 to 1922 and from 1939 to 1940 , a destroyer escort in commission from 1944 to 1945 , a destroyer in commission since 2003 See also United States Navy ship names

61419074

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donna%20Bahorich

Donna Bahorich

Donna Bahorich is a member of the Texas Historical Commission and a former member of the Texas State Board of Education (TXSBOE), serving as Chair from June 2015 - September 2019. She was elected to the 15-member TXSBOE board in 2012 and 2016. Early life and education Bahorich was born in Ronceverte, West Virginia on 14 September 1955. She received her Master of Arts degree in 1990 from Liberty University and Bachelor of Science degree in 1977 from Virginia Tech University. Career Bahorich began her career in 1977 in telecommunications working as a supervisor for Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone under the AT&T umbrella. In 1981 she was transferred to Mountain Bell to work as a contract negotiator responsible for procuring tools and telecom supply equipment after the break-up of AT&T. Bahorich left full time employment in 1985 to begin her career as a mother and, eventual, home educator. She served as the founder and director for Home Ed Plus, Inc., a homeschool cooperative serving 100+ students in the West University area for over 20 years. She left her position on the board of Home Ed Plus in 2010. In 2004, she became a volunteer director for the Harris County Republican Party. In 2005-2006, she was the campaign manager for Dan Patrick (current Texas Lt. Governor) for his first run for state senate. In 2009, she was selected to be the Harris County Republican Party 2010 Primary Director. Bahorich ran for the TXSBOE and was elected as the District 6 representative in 2012 and 2016. She was appointed by the governor as Chair in June 2015 and served on all three of the board's standing committees, finishing her final term of service as a member of the $34 billion Permanent School Fund Committee. In 2017, the State Board of Education undertook the work of "streamlining" the curriculum standards in science and then social studies under Bahoriches' leadership as chair. Public controversies arose in both science and social studies revisions. Regarding the Alamo, Greg Abbott and other elected officials urged the TXSBOE to amend the committee-recommended history standard proposed for the state's seventh-grade that removed the "heroes" of the Alamo story. In an attempt to reduce the large number of historical figures required to be taught, TXSBOE work committees suggested a number of changes including trimming the number of historic figures required in the curriculum of Texas schools. In 2018, the TXSBOE approved the first in the nation high school Mexican American ethnic studies course, followed by the African American ethnic studies course in 2019. Bahorich was a member of the pastor's council at Houston Vineyard Church, the West Houston P-16 Council and served as president (and many other positions) of the Daughters of Liberty Republican Women. She is a Senior Fellow with the American Leadership Forum-Houston, Education Class 43, and was a member of Conservative Leaders for Education. Recognition Bahorich was recognized by The League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) for the 2017 State Director's Leadership Medal, 2018 Leadership Award, and 2019 Consensus Builder Award. Bahorich has received other awards: 2019 Greater Houston Coalition for Justice Award Honoree; 2020 Governor Abbott commissioned her with the Yellow Rose of Texas award; 2021 the City of Houston recognized Bahorich for exceptional community service; 2021 Children At Risk nominee for Education Advocate of the Year. References External links 1955 births Living people People from Ronceverte, West Virginia Texas Republicans Liberty University alumni

35184380

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Morrison%20%28songwriter%29

John Morrison (songwriter)

John Morrison was a Tyneside songwriter from the early nineteenth century. His most famous song is possibly "Canny Sheels". Details Thomas Allan in his 1891 version of Allan's Illustrated Edition of Tyneside Songs and Readings states that "Of the author we have no trace. Evidently a Sheels man, he contrives to cap Thompson, who, in making "Canny Newcassel" marrow the "Streets o' Lunnin" had not done amiss". The only two works of his which seem to have survived are : Canny Sheels – showing that London compares poorly with Shields. Permanent Yeast – about the "new-fangled yeast" which no longer explodes – as in the advertisement of the day "Mr. Mawson’s ‘German Dried’ for me". The author's name and his "Canny Sheels" first appeared in Davidson of Alnwick's "Collection of Tyneside Songs" published in 1840. Both songs appear in Fordyce’s "The Tyne Songster" published in 1840. Again both songs appear in "Songs of the Bards of the Tyne" published by P. France & Co. in 1850, although he erroneously credits the authorship of "Canny Shields" to "J Morris" in the front index section. Thomas Allan in his 1891 version of "Allan's Illustrated Edition of Tyneside Songs and Readings" publishes details of "Canny Sheels" only but refers to "Permanent Yeast" as being a second song by him "but it is much inferior to the first". Both songs are written in the Geordie dialect. See also Geordie dialect words The Tyne Songster (W & T Fordyce, 1840) W & T Fordyce (publishers) France's Songs of the Bards of the Tyne - 1850 P. France & Co. Joseph Philip Robson<br/ > Thomas Allan (publisher)<br/ > Allan's Illustrated Edition of Tyneside Songs and Readings References External links The Tyne Songster by W & T Fordyce 1840 Songs of the Bards of the Tyne English songwriters People from Newcastle upon Tyne (district) People from South Shields Geordie songwriters

61625299

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria%20SC

Victoria SC

Victoria Sporting Club, commonly known as Victoria SC, is a football club based in Dhaka, Bangladesh. They currently compete in the Bangladesh Championship League, the second tier of football in Bangladesh. History Victoria Sporting Club, commonly known as Victoria SC, is a football club based in Dhaka. It was established in 1903. It is one of the oldest clubs in Bangladesh, and participated in the Dhaka Football League consecutively. They emerged champions of the league during the 1948, 1962 and 1964 edition/season. In 1962, Victoria Sporting clinched the prestigious Aga Khan Gold Cup title, defeating East Pakistan Club 1–0. Head coach Honours Domestic tournaments Dhaka League Winner (3): 1948, 1962, 1964 Runners-up (1): 2010 Dhaka First Division League Winner (3): 1996, 1999, 2001 Aga Khan Gold Cup Winner (1): 1962 Invitational Sikkim Governor's Gold Cup Runners-up (1): 1993 Notable players Abdul Ghafoor Majna (1962–1964) Shabbir Ali (1984–1985) See also List of football clubs in Bangladesh References External links Team profile at Soccerway Football clubs in Bangladesh 1903 establishments in India Sport in Dhaka Bangladesh Championship League Association football clubs established in 1903

62211743

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor%20Birch

Governor Birch

Governor Birch may refer to: John Birch (soldier) (1615–1691), Governor of Hereford in 1645 Ernest Woodford Birch (1857–1929), Governor of North Borneo from 1901 to 1903

13232844

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitterside

Bitterside

{{Infobox musical artist | name = Bitterside | image = Bitterside.jpg | caption = Bitterside | image_size = 220px | alias = | origin = Malta | genre = Alternative, Indie, pop | years_active = 2000–2010, 2020-present | associated_acts = | website = | current_members = Daniel GeniusVocals, BassJ. J. GaleaLead GuitarsAlexei SammutRhythm guitars'''Kenneth VellaDrums | past_members = Cliff SmithBassAlan FavaBass }}Bitterside, founded in 2000, is an alternative, indie, pop band composed of four members, all coming from Malta. Daniel Genius is the vocalist/bass, J.J. Galea on lead guitars, Alexei Sammut on rhythm guitars and Kenneth Vella on the drums. Career Since releasing their debut album Somehow Different in 2004, Bitterside have carved out quite a profile for themselves in Europe from winning awards in the Mediterranean and topping the radio charts to playing the Planet venue in Vienna. Then, in true Rock’n’Roll style things took a turn for the worse and tension ripped through the band as their future musical direction caused an epic fallout. It spelled the end for Bitterside, who had begun to take their band name literally, but remarkably all was saved by a song penned by frontman Daniel. The track was called "Shutters" and displayed a much matured emotional side to Daniel's songwriting that inspired the band to once again pull together and concentrate on producing the music the best they could. This marked a new era for Bitterside, and the emotional drive behind Shutters became the basis of their new sound. Described as anthemic by a growing fan base, it wasn't uncommon at this stage in the band's career for them to play the song up to three times in one show to satisfy the crowd's demands which included playing major events like the P1 Power Boat Grand Prix, the XFM Music festival and the Fete de la Musique Festival. By 2009, Bitterside sound has evolved into something altogether more polished. The band signed a contract with the label Hyperphonica in 2009. The debut UK release of single ‘Start Again’ in January 2010 still clearly displays the guitar based backbone of the band whilst the production and arrangement gives it all the studio sheen it needs to sit comfortably in today's charts. In the words of Daniel, ‘Start Again’ is a lament about not getting what you deserve, being close to losing the person you love, difficult situations - all part of a melancholic, sad mood. The album is like a journey in different aspects of a particular mood and ‘Start Again’ contains these bitter words that are sweetened by a sing-along melody. If their track record is anything to go by the slick vocal melodies and instant hooks of Start Again will soon be taking the UK by storm, and this is just the beginning. Unfortunately, by late 2010, things were not going very well in the Bitterside camp. Partly, the label had failed to reach the goals it had in mind even though the band was putting a lot of demos on the table. This time it was really tension. The band went into a hiatus in December 2010. Fast forward to 2020, as soon as the pandemic hit, the band gets in touch and decides to regroup. This time with the addition of a new member, Alexei Sammut on Rhythm Guitars. The band's intention is to publish the previous works and release material which remained on the shelve for the past years. Bitterside's comeback release is planned for December 2021 while future releases will continue thereafter. ‘Satisfying Spin’ - AudioScribbler ‘We sure hope to see these guys in the our charts in the near future!’ - Storm FM “Love it! Great little intro and the vocals are fantastic!” - 1449am URB “An uplifting rhythm and killer on the dance floor!” [Start Again Remix] - Ram Air Discography 2004 - Somehow Different 2008 - Underrated Singles Left Alone Underrated Versus Life Start Again Shutters Drop of Wine Fear (the fast song) In Me So Lovely Fire in My Pockets Inside Out '97 Something We Call Life If You Awards Bay Music Awards : Best Band Award'''2004, 2006 References 2007-08-07: Pulis, Eman; Bitterside to Headline Campus Fest Rock Night; (www.portal.ksu.org) Retrieved 2007-09-15 2003-07-06: Malta Today; On the spot...with Kenneth Vella; (www.maltatoday.com) Retrieved 2007-09-15 External links Maltese musical groups Musical groups established in 2000

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayyid

Sayyid

Sayyid (, ; ; ; meaning 'sir', 'Lord', 'Master'; Arabic plural: ; feminine: ; ) is an honorific title denoting people accepted as descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his cousin and son-in-law Ali (Ali ibn Abi Talib) through his grandsons, Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali, sons of Muhammad's daughter Fatimah and Ali. Female sayyids are given the titles sayyida, syeda, alawiyah or sharifa. In some regions of the Islamic world, such as in India, the descendants of Muhammad are given the title amīr or mīr, meaning "commander", "general". In Shia Islam the son of a non Sayyid father and a Sayyida mother claim the title Mirza, whereas in Sunni Islam a son of a non Sayyid father and a Sayyida mother can claim the title Sayyid or Sharif fulfilling special requirements. Although not verified, many Arabic language experts state that it has its roots in the word al-asad , meaning "lion", probably because of the qualities of valour and leadership. Although reliable statistics are unavailable, conservative estimates put the number of Sayyids in the tens of millions. In the Arab world, sayyid is the equivalent of the English word "liege lord" or "master" when referring to a descendant of Muhammad, as in Sayyid Ali Sultan. The word sidi (from the contracted form sayyidī, "my liege") is often used in Arabic. Another term with a very similar meaning is . History The Sayyids are by definition a branch of Banu Hashim, which traces its lineage to Adnan, and therefore directly descends from Ishmael (Ismaeyl), and collaterally descends from his paternal half-brother Isaac (Ishaaq), the sons of Abraham (Ibrahim) . Banū Hāshim (Arabic: بنو هاشم) is the clan of Muhammad, whose great-grandfather was Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, for whom the clan is named. Members of this clan are referred to as Hashemites. Descendants of Muhammad usually carry the titles Sayyid, Syed, Hashmi, Sayed or Sharif, or the Ashraf clan (synonymous to Ahl al-Bayt) . Today, two sovereign monarchs – Abdullah II of Jordan and Muhammad VI of Morocco – and the former royal family of Libya are also considered to be a part of Banu Hashim . The Hashemites (Arabic: الهاشميون, Al-Hāshimīyūn; also House of Hashim) are the ruling royal family of Jordan. The House was also the royal family of Syria (1920), Hejaz (1916–1925) and Iraq (1921–1958). The family belongs to the Dhawu Awn, one of the branches of the Hasanid Sharifs of Mecca – also known as Hashemites – who ruled Mecca continuously from the 10th century until its conquest by the House of Saud in 1924. Their eponymous ancestor is Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, great-grandfather of Muhammad. Traditionally, Islam has had a rich history of the veneration of relics, especially of those attributed to Muhammad. The most genuine prophetic relics are believed to be those housed in the Hirkai Serif Odasi (Chamber of the Holy Mantle) in Istanbul's Topkapı Palace. Indication of descent In the early period, other than general usage, the Arabs also allowed the terms Sayyid and Sharif to descendants from both Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali. However, in the modern era, the term Sharif (Sharifah for females) has been used to denote descendants from Hasan, and the term Sayyid (Sayyidah, Syeda for females) has been used to denote descendants from Husayn. Shia Sayyid scholars wear black turbans, while non-Sayyid Shia scholars wear other colors (most commonly white). Sunni Sayyids often use the last name Shah or Hashmi. The descendants of Ali and his other wives are called Alevi sayyid; they are titled Shah, Sain, Miya Fakir or Dewan. Those Sayyids who are Shia often include the following titles in their names to indicate the figure from whom they trace their descent: Note: (For non-Arabic speakers) When transliterating Arabic words into English there are two approaches. 1. The user may transliterate the word letter for letter (e.g., "الزيدي" becomes "a-l-z-ai-d-i"). 2. The user may transcribe the pronunciation of the word (e.g., "الزيدي" becomes "a-zz-ai-d-i"); in Arabic grammar, some consonants (n, r, s, sh, t and z) cancel the l (ل) from the word "the" al (ال) (see sun and moon letters). When the user sees the prefixes an, ar, as, ash, at, az, etc... this means the word is the transcription of the pronunciation. An i, wi (Arabic), or i, vi (Persian) ending could perhaps be translated by the English suffixes -ite or -ian. The suffix transforms a personal name or place name into the name of a group of people connected by lineage or place of birth. Hence Ahmad al-Hassani could be translated as Ahmad, the descendant of Hassan, and Ahmad al-Manami as Ahmad from the city of Manama. For further explanation, see Arabic names. 1Also, El-Husseini, Al-Husseini, Husseini, and Hussaini. 2Those who use the term Sayyid for all descendants of Ali ibn Abi Talib regard Allawis or Alavis as Sayyids. However, Allawis are not descendants of Muhammad, as they are descended from the children of Ali and the women he married after the death of Fatima, such as Umm ul-Banin (Fatima bint Hizam). Those who limit the term Sayyid to descendants of Muhammad through Fatima, Allawis/Alavis are the same how Sayyids. Some Sayyids are Najeeb Al Tarfayn, meaning "Noble on both sides", which indicates that both of their parents are Sayyid. Existence of descendants of Hasan al-Askari The existence of any descendant of Hasan al Askari is disputed by many people. Genealogy trees of Middle Eastern and Central Asian families, mostly from Persia, East Africa, mostly in Somalia and Ethiopia, Khorasan, Samarqand, and Bukhara show that Hasan al-Askari had a second son called Sayyid Ali Akbar, which indicates that al-Askari had children and substantiates the existence of Muhammad al Mahdi. Whether al-Askari had children or not is still disputed may be because of the political conflicts between the followers of the Imamah and the leadership of the Abbasids and Ghulat Shiites who do not believe in Hasan al-Askari's Imamah. Another group of historians studying the pedigrees of some Central Asian saints' shejere (genealogy trees) believe that the Twelfth Imam was not the only son of Hasan al-Askari, and that the Eleventh Imam had two sons: Sayyid Muhammad (i.e., the Shia Mahdi) and Sayyid Ali Akbar. According to the earliest reports as from official family tree documents and records , Imam Hasan al-Askari fathered seven children and was survived by six. The names of his biological children were: Imam Muhammad al-Mahdi, Musa, Ja’far, Ibrahim, Fatima, Ayesha, and ‘Ali, sometimes referred to as Akbar, Asghar or Abdullah. Sayyid ‘Ali Akbar bin Imam Hasan al-Askari is Sultan Saadat (Sodot) who died in Termez. His burial place is located in the main mausoleum Sultan Saodat memorial complex in Termez. According to other old genealogical sources Sayyid Ali was the second son of Sayyid Imam Muhammad al Askari who is considered the elder brother of imam Hasan al-Askari These Central Asian notable sayyid families have historical genealogical manuscripts that are confirmed with seals by many Naqibs, Muftis, Imams, Kadi Kuzzats, A’lams, Khans, and Emirs of those times. One descendant of Sayyid Ali Akbar was Saint Ishan (Eshon) Imlo of Bukhara. Ishan Imlo is called "saint of the last time" in Bukhara, as it is believed that after him there were no more saintsAsian Muslims generally revere him as the last of the saints. According to the source, Ishan Imlo died in 1162AH (1748–1749); his mausoleum (mazar) is in a cemetery in Bukhara. Notable descendants of Sayyid Ali Akbar are Sufi saints like Bahauddin Naqshband, descendant after eleven generations; Khwaja Khawand Mahmud known as Hazrat Ishaan, descendant after eighteen generations; the two brothers Sayyid ul Sadaat Sayyid Mir Jan and Sayyid ul Sadaat Mir Sayyid Mahmud Agha, maternal descendants of Hasan al Askari; qadi Qozi Sayyid Bahodirxon; and Sufi saints Tajuddin Muhammad Badruddin and Pir Baba. In her book Pain and Grace: A Study of Two Mystical Writers of Eighteenth-Century Muslim India, Dr. Annemarie Schimmel writes: Although Shiite historians generally reject the claim that Hasan al-Askari fathered children other than Muhammad al-Mahdi, Bab Mawlid Abi Muhammad al-Hasan writes, in the Shiite hadith book Usul al-Kafi: Africa Most of the Muslim historians claimed that three of the descendants of Ali ibn Abu Talib migrated into Somalia and Ethiopia. The two Ashrafs migrated to Ethiopia and the remaining sayyid settled in Somalia. Ethiopia Most of the Muslim historians and geologists claimed that one of the Ashrafs called Hajji Ali migrated into southern part of Ethiopia. After he migrated there, he got a baby and named him Gen-Silte. His children then called by their father's name "Silte". according to the Silte tribesmen, the father of Hajji Aliyye(Hajji Ali) was Hajji Omar bin Osman, who was an Arab. He used to live in Hijaz, now part of Saudi Arabia. He migrated to Harar first, then settled in the southern part of Omnan which is now a part of Silte. Middle East Men belonging to the Sayyid families or tribes in the Arab world used to wear white or ivory coloured daggers like jambiyas, khanjars or shibriyas to demarcate their nobility amongst other Arab men, although this custom has been restricted due to the local laws of the variously divided Arab countries. Iraq The Sayyid families in Iraq are so numerous that there are books written especially to list the families and connect their trees. Some of these families are: the Alyassiri, Al Aqeeqi, Al-Nasrullah, Al-Wahab, Al-Hashimi,Al-Barznji, Al-Quraishi, Al-Witry, Al-Obaidi, Al-Samarai, Al-Zaidi, Al-A'araji, Al-Baka, Al-Hasani, Al-Hussaini, Al-Shahristani, Al-Qazwini Al-Qadri, Tabatabaei, Al- Alawi, Al-Ghawalib (Al-Ghalibi), Al-Musawi, Al-Awadi (not to be confused with the Al-Awadhi Huwala family), Al Gharawi, Al-Sabzewari, Al-Shubber, Al-Hayali, Al-Kamaludeen and many others. Iran Sayyids (in Seyyed) are found in vast numbers in Iran. The Chief of "National Organization for Civil Registration" of Iran declared that more than 6 million of Iranians are Sayyid. The majority of Sayyids migrated to Iran from Arab lands predominantly in the 15th to 17th centuries during the Safavid era. The Safavids transformed the religious landscape of Iran by imposing Twelver Shiism on the populace. Since most of the population embraced Sunni Islam, and an educated version of Shiism was scarce in Iran at the time, Ismail imported a new group of Shia Ulama who predominantly were Sayyids from traditional Shiite centers of the Arabic-speaking lands, such as Jabal Amel (of southern Lebanon), Syria, Bahrain, and southern Iraq in order to create a state clergy. The Safavids offered them land and money in return for loyalty. These scholars taught Twelver Shiism, made it accessible to the population, and energetically encouraged conversion to Shiism. During the reign of Shah Abbas the Great, the Safavids also imported to Iran more Arab Shias, predominantly Sayyids, built religious institutions for them, including many Madrasas (religious schools), and successfully persuaded them to participate in the government, which they had shunned in the past (following the Hidden imam doctrine). Common Sayyid family surnames in Iran are Husseini, Mousavi, Kazemi, Razavi, Eshtehardian, Tabatabaei, Hashemi, Hassani, Jafari, Emami, Ahmadi, Zaidi, Imamzadeh, Sherazi, Kermani (kirmani), Shahidi, and Mahdavi. Oman In Oman, Sayyid is used by members of the Al Said ruling royal family. The absolute ruler of the country retains the title Sultan with members of the royal family eligible for succession to the throne given the title Sheikh, these may also use the title Sayyid should they wish to, although as Sheikh supersedes this, it is not a widely used practice. Members of the extended family or members by marriage carry the title Sayyid or Sayyida for a female. Such titles in Oman are hereditary through paternal lineage or in some exceptional circumstances, such as an honorary title given by royal decree. Members of the Al Said family use the term Sayyid solely as a title and not as a means of indicating descent, as the Al Said royal family does not descend from Banu Hashim or from Imam Ali and instead descends from the Qahtanite Zahran tribe. Yemen In Yemen the Sayyids are more generally known as sadah; they are also referred to as Hashemites. In terms of religious practice they are Shia, Sunni, and Sufi. Sayyid families in Yemen include the Rassids, the Qasimids, the Mutawakkilites, the Hamideddins, some Al-Zaidi of Ma'rib, Sana'a, and Sa'dah, the Ba 'Alawi sada families in Hadhramaut, Mufadhal of Sana'a, Al-Shammam of Sa'dah, the Sufyan of Juban, and the Al-Jaylani of Juban. Libya The Sayyids in Libya are Sunni, including the former royal family, which is originally Zaidi-Moroccan (also known as the Senussi family). The El-Barassa Family are Ashraf as claimed by the sons of Abdulsalam ben Meshish, a descendant of Hassan bin Ali bin Abi Talib. South Asia Although people in South Asia claim Hashemite descent, genealogy family trees are studied to authenticate claims. In 1901 the total number of Sayyids in British India was counted as 1,339,734. History of South Asian Sayyids Sayyids migrated many centuries ago from different parts of the Middle East and Central Asia (Turkestan) during the invasion of the Mongols, Ghaznavid dynasty, Delhi Sultanate, and Mughal Empire, encompassing a timespan of roughly until the late 19th century. Sayyids migrated to Sindh, Uch, Bihar Sharif, and Attock Khurd (Punjab) in the north, present day Pakistan and settled there very early. Other early migrant Sayyids moved deep into the south to the Deccan sultanates located in the Deccan Plateau region in the time of the Bahmani Sultanate, and later Golkonda, Nizam Shahi of Ahmednagar, Bijapur, Bidar, and Berar. Several visited India as merchants or escaped from the Abbasid, Umayyad and Safavid. Their names appear in Indian history at the dissolution of the Mughal Empire, when the Sayyid brothers created and dethroned emperors at their will (1714–1720). The first Muslims appointed to the Council of India and the first appointed to the privy council were both Sayyids. Afghanistan In Afghanistan, Sayyids (Sadat) are recognized as an ethnic group.   On 13 March 2019, addressing the Sadat gathering at the presidential palace (Arg), President Ashraf Ghani said that he will issue a decree on the inclusion of Sadat ethnic group in new electronic national identity card (e-NIC). President Ashraf Ghani decreed mentioning 'Sadat tribe' in the electronic national identity on 15 March 2019. Sayyids of the north are generally located in Balkh and Kunduz; while in the east they can be found in Nangarhar. While most are Sunni Muslims, some in the Bamiyan province are to Shi'a. India The total Sayyid population in India is 7,017,000, with the largest populations in Uttar Pradesh (1,493,000), Maharashtra (1,108,000), Karnataka (766,000), Andhra Pradesh (727,000), Rajasthan (497,000), Bihar (419,000), West Bengal (372,000), Madhya Pradesh (307,000), Gujarat (245,000), Tamil Nadu (206,000), and 25,000 in Jammu and Kashmir. Sayyids are also found in the north-eastern state of Assam, where they are locally also referred to as Dawans. In India, Sayyids of Hadramawt (who originated mainly from the Arabian Peninsula and the Persian Gulf) gained widespread fame. There is a big community of Sayyids settled in and around the Nanganallur region in Chennai that trace their ancestry directly to the Sayyids of Iraq. Traditional Sayyid families rarely marry outside their community, and emphasise marrying into Najeeb Altarfain (of Sayyid descent from both the mother's and father's side) families. This insistence on endogamy has begun to decline among the more urbanized families, with an increase in exogamy with other groups such as the Shaikh and Mughals. Historically, the Sayyids of Uttar Pradesh were substantial landowners, often absentees, and this was especially the case with the Awadh taluqdars. In the urban townships, Sayyid families served as priests, teachers, and administrators with the British colonial authorities given the community a preference in recruitment. Though they account for less than 3% of Muslim population, they control a majority of economic resources. The community also has a very high literacy rate. The independence and partition of India in 1947 was traumatic for the community, with many families becoming divided and some moving to Pakistan. This was followed by the abolition of the zamindari system, where land was redistributed to those who till the land. Many Sayyids who remained on the land are now medium and small scale farmers, while in urban areas, there has been a shift towards modern occupations. The Sayyids of Punjab belong to the Hasani (descendants of Hasan), Husaini (descendants of Husayn), Zaidi (descendants of Zayd ibn Ali, grandson of Husayn), Rizvi, (descendants of Ali al-Ridha), and Naqvi and their sub-caste Bukhari (descendants of Ali al-Hadi). North India The earliest migration of Sayyids from Afghanistan to North India took place in 1032 when Gazi Saiyyed Salar Sahu (general and brother-in-law of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni) and his son Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud established their military headquarters at Satrikh ( from Zaidpur) in the Barabanki district of Uttar Pradesh. They are considered to be the first Muslim settlers in North India. In 1033 Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud was killed at the battle of Bahraich, the location of his mazr. Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud had no children. His parental uncle Syed Maroofuddin Ghazi and his family lived in Tijara until 1857 before they migrated to Bhopal. Syed Ahmed Rizvi Kashmiri and Khan Bahadur Aga Syed Hussain were both Rizvi Sayyids through Aaqa Meer Sayyid Hussain Qomi Rizvi, whose sacred shrine is in the Zainageer Village of Sopore, Kashmir. Iraqi Sayyids or Iraqi biradri in Eastern Uttar Pradesh are descendants of Sayyid Masud Al Hussaini who was the direct descendant of Muhammad's grandson Hussain ibn Ali and came to India from Iraq during the reign of Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq in 1330 A.D. He settled with his seven sons and forty champions in Ghazipur (U.P.) as some of them (i.e., Syed Abu Bakr in Nonahra, Ghazipur) converted to Sunni Islam in the reign of Sultan Ibrahim Lodhi around 1517. His Shia descendants are now known as Sayyids of Ghazipur. Sayyids of Syed nagli, or Said Nagli, or the Baquari Syeds had migrated from Termez (Present day Uzbekistan) during the Sultanate era. Sikandar Lodi was the ruler of Delhi when Mir Syed Mohammad al Hussain al Hussaini al Termezi Haji al Haramain came to India and settled at Syed Nagli. He was a Baquari Syed who drew his lineage from Muhammad al Baqir. Perhaps the most important figure in the history of the Sayyid in Uttar Pradesh was Sayyid Basrullah Shustari, who moved from Mashad in Iran in 1549 and joined the court of the Mughal Emperor Akbar. Akbar appointed Shustari as his chief justice, who used his position to strengthen the status of the various Sayyid families. They were preferred in administrative posts and formed a privileged elite. When the Mughal Empire disintegrated, the Sayyid played an important role in the turbulent politics of the time. The new British colonial authorities that replaced the Mughals after the Battle of Buxar made a pragmatic decision to work with the various Sayyid jagirdars. Several Sayyid taluqdars in Awadh were substantial landowners under the British colonial regime, and many other Sayyid contributed to state administration. After the abolition of the zamindari system, many Sayyid zamindars (e.g. that of Ghazipur) had to leave their homes. Uttar Pradesh The ancestor of the Bārha Sayyids, Sayyid Abu'l Farah Al Hussaini Al Wasti, left his original home in Wasit, Iraq, with his twelve sons at the end of the 13th century and migrated to India, where he obtained four villages in Sirhind-Fategarh. By the 16th century Abu'l Farah's descendants had taken over Bārha villages in Muzaffarnagar. The Sayyeds of Abdullapur Meerut are descendants of great saint Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari. They had a large Jagirdara consisting of 52 villages.Abdullapur named after Syed Mir Abdulla Naqvi Al Bukhari, he built Kot Fort of this place in the 16th century, it was his main residence. Bukhari of Abdullapur are fractionate into Kannauji Bukhari and Jalal Bukhari. Kannauji's are descendants of Jalaludin Haider through Syed Mehboob Alam Naqvi-ul Bukhari Al-Maroof Shah Jewna or Shah Jewna son of warrior and chief advisor of Sikandar Lodi. Famous writer Syed Qudrat Naqvi Al Bukhari was born here later migrated to Pakistan after partition, his famous books are Ghalib kaun hai, Asaas-i-Urdu, Ghalib-i-sad rang, Seerat-un-Nabi, Hindi-Urdu lughat, Mutal'a-i-Abdul Haq, Lisani maqalaat. The Sayyids of Bilgram are Hussaini Sayyids, who first migrated from Wasit, Iraq, in the 13th century. Their ancestor, Syed Mohammad Sughra, a Zaidi Sayyid of Iraq, arrived in India during the rule of Sultan Iltutmish. In 1217–18 the family conquered and settled in Bilgram. A notable Sufi that belonged to a Sayyid family was Syed Salar Masud, from whom many of the Sayyid families of Awadh claim their lineage. Sayyids of Salon (Raebareli), Jarwal (Bahraich), Kintoor (Barabanki), and Zaidpur (Barabanki) were well-known Taluqadars (feudal lords) of Awadh province. Sadaat also found in Kannauj trace their lineage from Husayn through Ali al-Hadi, a branch of Naqvi Bukhari. Famous Pir Syed Mehboob Alam Naqvi-ul Bukhari Al-Maroof Shah Jewna son of great warrior Syed Sadaruddin Shah Kabeer Naqvi (saint and also chief advisor )of Sikandar Lodi was also born in Kannauj and spent 66yrs of his life in kannauj later moved to Shah Jeewna. Makhdoom Jahaniya Mosque is still present in Shikana,Kannauj. Nawab Siddiq Hasan Khan was also from Kannauj, he is a Bukhari Naqvi Sayyed converted from Shi'a Islam to Sunni Islam in the early 1800s. Gujarat In Gujarat, most of the Sayyid families are descended from individuals invited by the Muslim rulers of Gujarat to serve as advisers and administrators, and were granted jagirs. During the period of Sultan Mahmud Begada (1458–1511), the sultan provided land to three Sayyid brothers and a grant to settle there after the victory of Pavagadh Fort. In 1484 the sultan conquered the fort on 21 November 1484 and transferred his capital to Champaner, which he completely rebuilt at the foothills of the Pavagadh Fort and named it Muhammadabad. During Mughal rule in Gujarat (1570–1750), the Sayyid held the majority of the civil and ecclesiastical posts. For example, the Sayyids of Thasra, Kheda district, were invited to serve as administrators and judges by the Mughal Emperor, Aurangzeb, and were provided land grants to settle there. They also comprised a significant portion of the Mughal army, and many are still found in old Muslim garrison towns like Ahmedabad. Many of the early Sufi saints that came to Gujarat belonged to Sayyid families, most of which came from Central Asia, Iran, Yemen, Oman, Basra, and Bahrain. Bihar There is different family of syeds are in Bihar those belongs to direct descendent of Imam Hasan and Imam Hussain. Mostly there is Hussaini (Rizvi, Zaidi, Bagheri) along with Hasani (Quadri or Geelani) sadaat are settle in different part of bihar including shia and sunni sects. They are mostly migrated to bihar from Iraq and Iran. There is understanding that Sufi Saints Sharafuddin Maneri was syed family. He belongs to hashmi tribes from Imam Taj Faqih Rh. In Bihar, Sayyids were landlords, judges, barristers, intellectuals, civil servant, clerics, teachers, businessmen and farmers. There is misunderstanding regarding that bihar's first prime minister Mohammad Yunus, a direct descendant of Ibrahim Malik Baya. But Ibrahim Malik Baya was descent of Prophet Mohammad s.a.w but Mohammad Yunus was not from his family. Most prominent personalities of Saadat of Bihar were from Desna, Bihar. For Example Syed Mohammed Saeed Raza, Abdul Qavi Desnavi and Sulaiman Nadvi. Desna's library, established in 1892, had thousands of old Persian and Urdu manuscripts. After the partition of India, during uncertain times of mass emigration to Pakistan, the books were donated to Khuda Bakhsh Khan Library in Patna, where a Desna section was established to house these treasures. Syed of Hallaur As per historical evidence some 335 years ago (during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb), a noble and small family of Sayyids, led by Shah Sayyid Abdur Rasool along with his family migrated from the Persian city of Toos to India during the Mughal period. Shah Syed Abdur Rasool later came to be known as "Meera Baba". The village has almost 5000 population of Rizvi Syed spread widely in and outside of hallaur South India Kerala Kerala has a 2,000-year-old association with Arabia. In Malayalam, Thangal is an honorific Muslim title that is almost equivalent to Sayyid and is given to males whom are believed to be descendants of Muhammad. The present-day Thangals are supposed to be descended from Sayyid families who migrated from the historic city of Tarim, in the Hadhramaut Province, Yemen, during the 17th century in order to propagate Islam on the Malabar Coast. Sayyids selected coastal areas to settle. The royal family of Arakkal in Kerala had Thangal origins. Tamil Nadu There are a notable number of Sayyids in Tamil Nadu that mostly concentrate in the cities like Erwadi, Nagore, Madurai, and Kayalpattinam. Badusha Sulthan Syed Ibrahim Shaheed of Ervadi, a Hussaini descendant of Mohammed and a ruler of Madinah, travelled to South India in the middle of the 12th century. His descendants who live in Ervadi with the clan name Levvai are from a single forefather and are Sayyids. The heirs of Shahul Hamid Abdul Qadir badusha of Nagore who live there and are called with clan name of Sahib or Saab or Saabu are Sayyids. Kazi Syed Tajuddin the son of Mufti Jamaluddin al Ma'abari who founded the Kazimar Big Mosque in the 13th century the first mosque in Madurai is a Hussaini descendant of Mohammed and hence belong to Syed family. Until recently, his descendants (Syeds-Qazis-Huqdars) lived in the same Kazimar Street locality in the center of Madurai city for over seven centuries and managed the Kazimar Big Mosque constructed by their forefather. Syed Tajuddin's younger son Kazi Alauddin lived in Kayalpattinam and his shrine is found there. Genetic studies of Sayyids of the Indian sub-continent The authors of the study, the Y chromosomes of self-identified Syeds from the Indian sub-continent are no less diverse than those non-Syeds from the same regions, suggested that Syed status, rather than being strictly patrilineal, may have been passed through other routes. The paper, "Y chromosomes of self-identified Syeds from the Indian subcontinent", by Elise M. S. Belle, Saima Shah, Tudor Parfitt, and Mark G. Thomas showed that "self-identified Syeds had no less genetic diversity than those non-Syeds from the same regions, suggesting that there is no biological basis to the belief that self-identified Syeds in this part of the world share a recent common ancestry. However, self-identified men belonging to the ‘Islamic honorific lineages’ (Syeds, Hashemites, Quraysh and Ansari) show a greater genetic affinity to Arab populations—despite the geographic distancethan do their neighbouring populations from South Asia. In Northern India, 29 per cent of the Shia Muslim belong to haplogroup J. There are 18 per cent belonging mainly to haplogroup J2 and another 11 per cent belong to haplogroup J1, which both represent Middle Eastern lineages. J1 is exclusively Near Eastern. Southeast Asia Most of the Alawi Sayyids who moved to Southeast Asia were descendants of Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin, especially of Ba 'Alawi sada, many of which were descendants of migrants from Hadhramaut. Even though they are alleged descendants of Husayn, it is uncommon for the female Sayyids to be called Sayyidah; they are more commonly called Sharifah. Most of them live in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Moro Province in Philippines, Pattani and Cambodia. Many of the royal families of this region such as the previous royal families of the Philippines (Sultanate of Sulu, Sultanate of Maguindanao, Confederation of Sultanates of Ranao), Singapore (Sultanate of Singapore), Malaysia (Sultanates of Johor and Perlis), Indonesia (Sultanates of Siak, Pontianak, Gowa, some Javanese Sultanates), and the existing royal family of Brunei (House of Bolkiah) are also Sayyids, especially of Ba'Alawi. Some common surnames of these Sayyids are al-Saqqaf, Shihab (or Shahab), al-Aidaroos, al-Habsyi (or al-Habshi), al-Kaff, al-Aththos, al-Haddad, al-Jufri (or al-Jifri), al-Muhdhar, al-Shaikh Abubakar, al-Qadri, al-Munawwar. Genetic Y-DNA research According to Islamic prophetic tradition, Muhammad was descended from Abraham through Isma'il. Some researchers have suggested using Y chromosome genetic data from Sayyid groups and from Jewish and Samaritan sources to reconstruct genetic information about the historical Abraham. Tesayyud In the Ottoman Empire, tax breaks for "the People of the House" encouraged many people to buy certificates of descent or forge genealogies; the phenomenon of teseyyüd – falsely claiming noble ancestry – spread across ethnic, class, and religious boundaries. In the 17th century, an Ottoman bureaucrat estimated that there were 300,000 impostors. In 18th-century Anatolia, nearly all upper-class urban people claimed descent from Muhammad. Maternal descendance According to Iran's religious leader and the Deobandi creed—a creed especially followed by patriarchal Pashtun tribes—the status of being a Sayyid can only be attributed through patrilineal lineage. According to Shia opinions, children of a Sayyida mother and a non-Sayyid father are referred to as Mirza. The Persian notation "Mirza", which is a derivation of the word "Mirzada" (i.e., Son of a "Mir") has various meanings: one is a Sayyid leader of a Sayyid branch or community, simultaneously being a religious Islamic scholar. Thus, a Sayyid of patrilineal lineage, being the son of a Mir, can also be called "Mirza". This example substantiates the fact that there are different opinions concerning the transmission of the title Sayyid. Another historical opinion of Ottoman Naqib al Ashrafs expresses that children of maternal prophetical descent are called Sharif. However, in 1632 when an Ottoman court challenged a man wearing a Sayyid green turban, he established that he was a Sayyid on his mother's side, which was accepted by the court. In patriarchal societies, women usually have to assimilate themselves into their husband's status. However, this does not affect female descendants of Muhammad as it is seen as a sacred blood relation. Thus, the heraldic title can be given to an individual through his or hers mother's line in accordance to Ottoman Naqib al-Ashrafs. Even the Zaynabids, the descendants of Lady Zainab, the daughter of Ali ibn Abi Talib can also be titled Sayyid or Sharif, according to the Egyptian Al-Suyuti. In Tajikistan matrilineal descendants are honoured. It is to be added that the supervision over the family of Bahauddin Naqshband and his descendants has been passed on through the maternal line. Hazrat Ishaan was a maternal descendant of Bahauddin Naqshband and his successor Sayyid Mir Jan was in turn again a descendant of Hazrat Ishaan from his mother's side. This indicates the possibility of even being a Mir or Naqib ul Ashraf from the mother's side. The requisites of it are the following: Being able to trace his lineage back to Prophet Muhammad as ancestor Being a Pious Muslim Receiving the blessings of previous Naqib ul Ashraf, Mir or Sayyid ul Sadaat Total affiliation as an Alid, meaning a son of Ali Ibn Abi Talib, hence neglecting any other affiliations Being learned in Quran and Sunnah Being a knowledgeable practicing Sufi Noble and well-mannered character For a Mir especially, being qualified as a leader The above remuneration is in accordance with a Hadith of Prophet Muhammad in which he declares that a hypocrite is not to be addressed as a "Sayyid". Hence it is even problematic in a judicial point of view to call a patrilineal descendant of Ali Ibn Abi Talib a Sayyid, when he does not meet the above-mentioned criteria. See also Family tree of Muhammad Kohen, a similar status in Judaism , another term with a very similar meaning Notes References Sources Arabic words and phrases Fatimah Hashemite people Islamic terminology Islamic honorifics Descendants of individuals

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schedule%20for%20Nonadaptive%20and%20Adaptive%20Personality

Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality

The Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP) is a self-reporting questionnaire for assessment of personality disorders (Axis II of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) introduced in 1993 by Lee Anna Clark. It is not to be confused with SNAP-IV — the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale, rev. 4. Initially it was compiled from the DSM-III criteria. The questions are grouped into 15 scales. Twelve of them assess maladaptive personality: mistrust, self-harm, eccentric perceptions, aggression, manipulativeness, entitlement, detachment, exhibitionism, dependency, impulsivity, workaholism, propriety, and three assess rather broad traits: negative temperament, positive temperament, disinhibition, The convergence of SNAP with other independently developed tests, such as DAPP-BQ (Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology—Basic Questionnaire), are noted in literature. One study provided some evidence for the test-retest reliability and predictive validity. References Mental disorders diagnostic procedures

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphony%20No.%206%20%28Bruckner%29

Symphony No. 6 (Bruckner)

The Symphony No. 6 in A major, WAB 106, by Austrian composer Anton Bruckner (1824–1896) is a work in four movements composed between September 24, 1879 and September 3, 1881 and dedicated to his landlord, Anton van Ölzelt-Newin. Only two movements from it were performed in public in the composer's lifetime. Though it possesses many characteristic features of a Bruckner symphony, it differs the most from the rest of his symphonic repertory. Redlich went so far as to cite the lack of hallmarks of Bruckner's symphonic compositional style in the Sixth Symphony for the somewhat bewildered reaction of supporters and critics alike. According to Robert Simpson, though not commonly performed and often thought of as the ugly duckling of Bruckner's symphonic body of work, the symphony nonetheless makes an immediate impression of rich and individual expressiveness: "Its themes are exceptionally beautiful, its harmony has moments of both boldness and subtlety, its instrumentation is the most imaginative he had yet achieved, and it possesses a mastery of classical form that might even have impressed Brahms." Historical context By the time Bruckner began composing his Symphony No. 6, only three of his symphonies had been performed. The recent premiere of his Third Symphony had been nothing short of disastrous, receiving an extremely negative, though not surprising review from Eduard Hanslick, given Hanslick's predilection for the works of Brahms. ...his artistic intentions are honest, however oddly he employs them. Instead of a critique, therefore, we would rather simply confess that we have not understood his gigantic symphony. Neither were his poetic intentions clear to us...nor could we grasp the purely musical coherence. The composer...was greeted with cheering and was consoled with lively applause at the close by a fraction of the audience that stayed to the end...the Finale, which exceeded all its predecessors in oddities, was only experienced to the last extreme by a little host of hardy adventurers. The composition of his Symphony No. 4 marked the beginning of what some refer to as the "Major Tetralogy", Bruckner's four symphonies composed in major keys. In fact, this tetralogy was part of an entire decade in Bruckner's compositional history devoted to large-scale works written in major keys, a fact of note considering that all of his previous symphonies and foremost choral works were composed in minor keys. The composition of his String Quintet and the Sixth Symphony marked the beginning of a new compositional period for Bruckner within the realm of the "Major Tetralogy". However, the Sixth Symphony has extensive ties to the Fourth and Fifth Symphonies and is considered to have been composed as a reflective, humanistic response to its two direct symphonic predecessors. It has even been dubbed the Philosophical symphony by critics for this reason. Compositional hallmarks Bruckner's symphonies encompass many techniques but the one unwavering hallmark of his symphonic compositions is a singular formal pattern that underwent very little variation over the course of his symphonic repertory. In fact, their four extended movements are indebted to the structure and thematic treatment in the late works of Beethoven. The only large-scale diversion from this formal scheme in the Sixth Symphony is Bruckner's use of sonata form in the second movement instead of his usual large-scale ternary form. Thematically speaking, there are two distinct varieties of themes in Bruckner's symphonies. First, there are themes that are clearly defined in shape and then there are the themes that operate more as motives with a shorter length and a more open-ended shape, as is typical of the Sixth Symphony. Another characteristic thematic feature of Bruckner's symphonies is the intimate relationship between the outer two movements, though there is typically more of an emphasis on thematic contrast within the first movement. Specifically, the amplification of the exposition of the first movement consists of two subsidiary themes as well as the primary theme, which are subsequently developed, a technique that is considered uniquely Brucknerian. Other characteristics that are found in Bruckner's symphonies (especially the Sixth) include the extensive treatment of the dominant seventh chord as a German sixth chord in a new key, usage of cadences as a decisive factor in daring modulations, the treatment of organ points as pivotal to the harmony and structure, chains of harmonic sequences, and, most notably, extensive use of rhythmic motives, especially the characteristic Bruckner rhythm, a rhythm consisting of two fourths and three quarter notes, or vice versa. This rhythm dominated most of the Fourth Symphony and was practically nonexistent in the Fifth Symphony, but becomes nothing short of a driving force in the Sixth Symphony; the metric complexities generated by this unique rhythmic grouping are more pronounced in the first movement of the Sixth Symphony than in any of Bruckner's other compositions. Orchestration The orchestration of the Sixth Symphony complies with Bruckner's customary, albeit peculiar, techniques. Just as in his other symphonic works, there are no marks of extreme virtuosity apparent in the score and the lines are straightforward. The Sixth Symphony is scored for 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, bass tuba, timpani, and string section. Bruckner commonly alternates between solo and tutti sections, as well as layering instruments to provide texture and show different subject groups. Forms, themes, and analysis The symphony has four movements: I. Majestoso Bruckner labels this movement "Majestoso", not the conventional "Maestoso", probably from his Latin (from "Maiestas" – sovereign power). The movement, in obvious sonata form, opens with the characteristic 'Bruckner rhythm' played in the violins, though Bruckner is careful to maintain the enigmatic atmosphere by indicating a bowing that keeps the bow on the string and therefore prohibits the rhythmic figure from becoming too lively. One then hears the quietly intense main theme, a paraphrase of the main theme of Bruckner's own Symphony No. 4, stated in the low strings and juxtaposed against the pulsating rhythm in the violins: The key is A major when the first theme enters; however, the mystery is heightened by notes outside the realm of A major tonality that appear in the melodic line, namely the pitches G, B and F, Neapolitan inflections that will have large-scale tonal effects that come to fruition later in the symphony. The counterstatement of the theme appears (bar 25) in fortissimo, a long-established classical technique that Bruckner had yet to use at the beginning of a symphony. The second theme group is more complex than the primary theme. The first theme of this group is a confident melody in the violins in which Bruckner employs mixed rhythms: The second theme in this group, an expressive, lyrical motif (bar 69) is first heard in D major, closely followed by a statement in F major and a richly orchestrated statement in E major, the dominant of the movement's original A major. The third theme group, beginning with a militaristic statement of the Bruckner rhythm, now appears, followed by modulations ending in the dominant (E major) and segueing into the development section: The development is shorter and less complex than one usually finds in Bruckner's symphonic first movements; however, it plays a substantial role in the overall harmonic structure of the movement. From the outset (bar 159), the violins play an inversion of the main theme, though the Bruckner rhythm that accompanied it in the exposition is absent. Instead, the development is propelled throughout by the triplet motif that first appeared in the third subject of the exposition. Harmonically, the development encompasses a myriad of modulations, abruptly traversing between E and A major, seemingly signaling the beginning of the recapitulation. The beginning of the recapitulation is, in fact, a climax, serving as both the end of the development and the beginning of the recapitulation, marking the first time in symphonic literature that this has occurred. If not for this climactic moment, one could have trouble identifying the exact moment of recapitulation as the return of the tonic and the return of the primary theme do not coincide (in fact, there are 15 bars in between the two events). In true Bruckner form, it encompasses a complete restatement of the theme groups from the exposition and is otherwise uneventful, setting the stage for the coda which Donald Tovey described as one of Bruckner's greatest passages. In the Coda, Bruckner passes through the entire spectrum of tonality, leaving no key unsuggested; however, he establishes no tonal center except for A major. The opening phrase of the first theme appears throughout, joined (bar 345) by the rhythmic motive from the beginning. An exultant final statement of that theme and the completion of a massive plagal cadence signal the end of the first movement. II. Adagio: Sehr feierlich (Very solemnly) The second movement is in obvious sonata form, the only example of a sonata structure Adagio in Bruckner's symphonies, apart from that of the "nullified" Symphony in D minor and the early draft of the Adagio of the First Symphony, dating from 1865. Simpson went so far as to describe the movement as the most perfectly realized slow sonata design since the Adagio of Beethoven's Hammerklavier sonata The movement opens with a theme in the strings, a yearning love song that is joined (bar 5) by a mournful lament on the oboe: Simpson points out that the frequent Neapolitan inflections of the first movement are expanded here, beginning with the B and F in the primary melodic line that make it natural that the movement should be in F major, though the opening initially ambiguously suggests B minor. After a brief transitional passage, there is a modulation to E major that marks the introduction of the second theme, a soaring, untroubled love song (bar 25): The third theme (bar 53) is characteristic of a funeral march, combining C minor and A major and providing a somber contrast to the preceding love song: The dotted rhythm in its first bar calls to mind the oboe lament from the beginning of the movement. Doernberg described this sad turn to A major as the kind of music Gustav Mahler always wished to achieve, citing Bruckner as anticipatory to Mahler in this respect. There is a brief developmental section (bar 69) that includes modulation on the primary theme as well as inversions of the oboe lament. There is a recapitulation of all three themes (bar 93) though the orchestration is different, with the former violin theme (primary theme) now appearing in the horn and subsequently in the woodwinds. The second theme is recapitulated in its entirety in the tonic followed by a very short reappearance of the third theme. Finally, a transition over a dominant pedal (a Bruckner hallmark) leads to the Coda that Simpson referred to as the fine-drawn consolatory coda that is one of Bruckner's best. At bar 157 one hears the last statement of the primary theme with the movement ending in its tonic, F major, in a state of "perfect serenity." III. Scherzo: Nicht schnell (Not fast) — Trio: Langsam (Slowly) The A minor third movement is unlike any other composed by Bruckner; it is slower than usual and the tense character often associated with his Scherzi is often shadowed and muted, although there are movements of brilliance. However, the most prominent feature is the lack of a striking Scherzo theme; instead one finds three contrasting rhythmical motives juxtaposed from the very beginning and united throughout the majority of the movement. Its steady time is pervaded, once again, by triplets throughout, often giving the impression of and creating a broader sense of movement that is extremely deliberate, especially for a scherzo movement: There is a certain degree of harmonic ambiguity throughout, but nothing that compares to the opening of the first movement. One of the most fascinating features of the harmonic structure is Bruckner's avoidance of a root position tonic chord for much of the movement. The first twenty bars of the movement once again rest on a dominant pedal and when the bass finally moves to the tonic pitch (A), it is not a root position tonic chord; instead, it acts as the bottom of a first inversion chord of F major (bar 21). In the development, one sees the addition of a new motif and harmonically, the section centers around D major, G major, and B minor, all closely related keys but ones that are isolated from the tonic (A minor). The dominant of A minor is reached (bar 75) and here, the recapitulation begins, once again over a dominant pedal. It is important to note that there has still not been a root chord of A minor. This elusive A minor root chord finally appears at the end of the recapitulation leading into the C major Trio section. The slow trio is in the style of a Ländler, an Austrian folk dance and, according to Williamson, confirms that in Bruckner's works, it [the trio] is a place for construction in tone color as in the moment when horn and pizzicato strings compete on the same rhythmic figure: In fact, this dialogue between pizzicato strings, horn and woodwinds is central to the texture of the whole Trio section. Although the key is C major, there are moments of harmonic ambiguity, as in the preceding movements. At one point (bar 5), the strings point towards D major while the woodwinds attempt to assert A major by quoting the inversion of the main theme of Symphony No. 5 that is in A major. The scherzo returns in its entirety at the end of the trio, adhering to a typical large-scale ternary structure. IV. Finale: Bewegt, doch nicht zu schnell (With motion, but not too fast) Watson characterized the Finale as a steady, organic assertion of A major against its Neapolitan relatives. However, this sonata form movement begins with a theme in Phrygian A minor that once again stresses Neapolitan relationships with the obvious presence of the flat sixth (the pitch being F): The horns and trumpets interrupt with statements in A major (bar 22) but the theme is undeterred; four bars later they once again interrupt the theme and this time succeed in establishing A major (bar 29). A second theme in C major eventually appears: This is followed by a third theme (bar 125) that is derived from the oboe lament of the second movement: During the development section the music continues to modulate through a variety of major keys, including F major, E major and E major until finally returning to the tonic A major (bar 245), regarded as the start of the recapitulation. The Coda once again encompasses a broad range of keys and juxtaposes the primary theme with the main theme from the first movement. A final massive statement of A major asserts itself (bar 397) seemingly out of nowhere, embodying Bruckner's amazing ability to establish the tonic without a doubt and without the kind of preparation one would normally expect. This movement does not, nor was it intended to have the vast impact of the Finale of the Fifth Symphony, but it is infinitely more refined than the Finale of his Fourth Symphony. According to Watson, the victorious conclusion of Bruckner's quest for a new and ideal finale form will be celebrated in his Eighth Symphony, but the Sixth Symphony's development is an eminent and profoundly satisfying landmark on that triumphant march. Revisions and editions This is the only Bruckner symphony exempt from any revisions by the composer. (The Fifth, Sixth and Seventh represent Bruckner's period of confidence as a composer and, along with the unfinished Ninth, are as a group the symphonies he did not extensively revise.) The Sixth was first published in 1899, a task overseen by former Bruckner pupil Cyrill Hynais. This edition did encompass a few minute changes from Bruckner's original, including the repetition of the second half of the Trio in the third movement. The next edition appeared only in 1935, from Robert Haas under Internationale Bruckner-Gesellschaft auspices. In 1952 Leopold Nowak, who took over Haas's job, published an edition that was a replicate of Bruckner's 1881 original score. In 1986 the IBG issued an “audit” of the efforts of Hynais, Haas and Nowak, and in 1997 it republished the Nowak. The version of the Sixth performed under the direction of Mahler for the 1899 premiere was never published; Mahler had made substantial changes to the whole score before that performance, of course unsanctioned by the deceased Bruckner. There exists also an inauthentic edition by Franz Schalk. Critical and cultural reception Criticism of Bruckner's Symphony No. 6 is similar to the critical response that his preceding symphonies had received. Whereas Bruckner considered his Sixth Symphony to be his "boldest symphony," it was not generally held in high regard. In terms of interpretation, the Sixth Symphony has also been the unluckiest, with the vast majority of conductors ignoring Bruckner's specific tempo markings and throwing off the carefully planned balance of the movements. One 2004 reviewer for The Musical Times referred to the inner movements of this symphony as "flawed but attractive enough" and dubbed the outer movements "burdensome." Hanslick, as usual, was without a doubt the harshest critic of them all. He was once quoted as saying, "whom I wish to destroy shall be destroyed," and Bruckner seems to have been a prime target. After hearing the 1883 performance of the middle movements of the Sixth Symphony, Hanslick wrote: It has become ever harder for me personally to achieve a proper relationship with these peculiar compositions in which clever, original, and even inspired moments alternate frequently without recognizable connection with barely understandable platitudes, empty and dull patches, stretched out over such unsparing length as to threaten to run players as well as listeners out of breath. Here, Hanslick touched on the most common complaint about Bruckner's symphonic writing: the seemingly endless journey to a conclusion of musical thought. Dyneley Hussey critiqued the Sixth Symphony in a 1957 review for The Musical Times and reached the same conclusions half a century later, writing: His most tiresome habit is his way of pulling up dead at frequent intervals, and then starting the argument all over again...One has the impression...that we are traversing a town with innumerable traffic lights, all of which turn red as we approach them. Harsh critical reception of the Sixth Symphony, as well as his entire body of work, can also be attributed to critical reception of Bruckner as a person. He was a devout Catholic whose religious fervor often had a negative effect on those he encountered. One of his pupils, Franz Schalk, commented that it was the age of moral and spiritual liberalism...but also in which he [Bruckner] intruded...with his medieval, monasterial concept of humankind and life. Regardless of the criticisms, both musical and personal, there were some who attempted to find the beauty in Bruckner's Sixth Symphony. Donald Tovey wrote, "...if one clears their mind, not only of prejudice but of wrong points of view, and treats Bruckner's Sixth Symphony as a kind of music we have never heard before, there is no doubt that its high quality will strike us at every moment". Still others marvel over the rarity of performances of the Sixth Symphony, citing its bright character and key and its plethora of tender, memorable themes as grounds for more widespread acceptance. Carl Hruby wrote that Bruckner once said that if he were to speak to Beethoven about bad critiques Beethoven would say, "My dear Bruckner, don't bother yourself about it. It was no better for me, and the same gentlemen who use me as a stick to beat you with still don't understand my last quartets, however much they may pretend to." In saying this, Bruckner both acknowledged his bad critiques and maintained hope that his own compositions might one day garner the same type of positive reaction that Beethoven's music received from his contemporaries. Performance and recording history The first performance of Bruckner's Symphony No. 6 was by the Vienna Philharmonic conducted by Wilhelm Jahn on February 11, 1883, making it the only performance of the piece that Bruckner heard in his lifetime. However, only the two middle movements were performed. The first complete performance of the Sixth Symphony occurred in 1899 conducted by Gustav Mahler who made substantial changes to the score. The first full performance of the original score took place in Stuttgart in 1901, conducted by Karl Pohlig. Since that first full performance, the Sixth Symphony has become part of the symphonic repertory, but is the least performed of Bruckner's symphonies, never overcoming its original status as a symphonic "stepchild". The oldest surviving recorded performance is of Wilhelm Furtwängler conducting the Berlin Philharmonic in 1943; however, the first movement is missing. The oldest surviving complete recorded performance is of Georg Ludwig Jochum with the Bruckner Orchestra Linz from 1944. The first commercial recording is from 1950 and features Henry Swoboda and the Vienna Symphony Orchestra. Selected discography Joseph Keilberth and Berlin Philharmonic 1963 Telefunken Otto Klemperer and New Philharmonia Orchestra 2003 EMI Records Ltd (recorded November 1964) Eugen Jochum and Symphonie-Orchester des Bayerischen Rundfunks 1966 Deutsche Grammophon William Steinberg and Boston Symphony Orchestra 1972 RCA Horst Stein and Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra 1974 Decca Daniel Barenboim and Chicago Symphony Orchestra 1977 Deutsche Grammophon Herbert von Karajan and Berliner Philharmoniker 1979 Deutsche Grammophon Sir Georg Solti and Chicago Symphony Orchestra 1979 Decca Wolfgang Sawallisch and Bayerisches Staatsorchester 1982 Orfeo Ferdinand Leitner and SWR Sinfonieorchester Baden-Baden und Freiburg 1982 Hänssler Classic Riccardo Muti and Berliner Philharmoniker 1988 EMI Eliahu Inbal and Radio-Sinfonie-Orchester Frankfurt 1989 Teldec Herbert Blomstedt and San Francisco Symphony Orchestra 1990 London Jesus Lopez-Cobos and Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra 1991 Telarc Bernard Haitink and Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra 1994 Universal International Music B.V. Christoph von Dohnanyi and the Cleveland Orchestra 1994 London Gunter Wand and NDR-Sinfonieorchester 1996 RCA Victor Eugen Jochum and Staatskapelle Dresden 1998 EMI Records Ltd. Sergiu Celibidache and Münchner Philharmoniker 1999 EMI Records, Ltd. Riccardo Chailly and Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra 1999 Decca Christoph Eschenbach and Houston Symphony Orchestra 2000 Koch Int. Eugen Jochum and Staatskapelle Dresden 2000 EMI Records Ltd. Sir Colin Davis and London Symphony Orchestra 2002 London Symphony Orchestra Ltd. Michael Gielen and SWR Sinfonieorchester Baden-Baden und Freiburg 2002 Hänssler Classic Eugen Jochum and Berliner Philharmoniker 2002 Deutsche Grammophon Kurt Masur and Gewandhausorchester Leipzig 2004 BMG Music "Alberto Lizzio" and "South German Philharmonic Orchestra" 2005 Point Classics. For details on this dubious attribution, see Alberto Lizzio. Kent Nagano and Deutsches-Symphonie-Orchester Berlin 2005 Harmonia Mundi Bernard Haitink and Staatskapelle Dresden 2006 Profil Andrew Delfs and Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra 2007 Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra Roberto Paternostro and Wurttembergische Philharmonie 2007 Bella Musica Roger Norrington and Radio-Sinfonieorchester Stuttgart des SWR 2008 Hänssler Classic Guennadi Rosdhestvenski and USSR Ministry of Culture Symphonic Orchestra 2008 SLG, LLC Hans Zanotelli and "Süddeutsche Philharmonie" 2008 SLG, LLC. Note: The "Süddeutsche Philharmonie" is the group referred to above as the "South German Philharmonic", and "Hans Zanotelli" (the name of a real conductor) is another pseudonym used on Alfred Scholz's records (see above). Herbert Blomstedt and Gewandhausorchester Leipzig 2009 Questand Daniel Barenboim and Staatskapelle Berlin 2014 ACCENTUS Music, ACC202176 Mariss Jansons and Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra 2015 RCO Live Simone Young and Hamburg Philharmonic, 2015 Oehms Footnotes References Further reading Anton Bruckner, Sämtliche Werke, Kritische Gesamtausgabe – Band 6: VI. Symphonie A-Dur (Originalfassung), Musikwissenschaftlicher Verlag der internationalen Bruckner-Gesellschaft, Robert Haas (editor), Vienna, 1935 Anton Bruckner: Sämtliche Werke: Band VI: VI. Symphonie A-Dur 1881, Musikwissenschaftlicher Verlag der Internationalen Bruckner-Gesellschaft, Leopold Nowak (editor), 1952, Vienna External links Bruckner's Symphony No. 6 – Timing analysis by William Carragan Symphony No. 6 in A major, Anton Bruckner Critical Complete Edition Bruckner symphony versions by David Griegel Complete discography by John Berky Symphony 06 Compositions in A major 1881 compositions Music with dedications

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City%20Blacksmith%20Shop

City Blacksmith Shop

The City Blacksmith Shop or Hanzlik Blacksmith Shop in Lamberton in the U.S. state of Minnesota is located at Douglas Street and 2nd Avenue. The building was built by George Nigg Senior and Paul Schaffran in 1897. They smithed until they sold the shop to Anton Hanzlik in 1920. Many of the trade tools are still in the building, however some have been modernized with electricity. References External links Blacksmith shops Buildings and structures in Redwood County, Minnesota Commercial buildings completed in 1898 Historic American Engineering Record in Minnesota Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Minnesota 1898 establishments in Minnesota National Register of Historic Places in Redwood County, Minnesota Metalworking

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonata%20for%20Solo%20Cello%20%28Prokofiev%29

Sonata for Solo Cello (Prokofiev)

Sergei Prokofiev began composing his Sonata for Solo Cello, Op. 134, in 1952. The sonata was intended to be written in four movements, but as it was one of seven compositions which the composer was writing during this time, only the beginning of the first movement (marked Andante) was completed before Prokofiev's death in March 1953. While the first subject of the exposition of the Andante was written entirely by Prokofiev, the second subject was partially written by his friend, the cellist Mstislav Rostropovich. Prokofiev's writing resumes at the beginning of the development section of the Andante, yet the rest of the movement – and the rest of the sonata – was left unwritten. Years later, in 1972, the Russian musicologist and composer, Vladimir Blok, set about completing Prokofiev's Sonata for Solo Cello as a single, performable movement. Performances Blok's reconstruction of the Sonata for Solo Cello was premiered by Natalia Gutman in Moscow in 1972, and was published the next year by Musikverlag Hans Sikorski. It was not until a decade later, in 1984, that the first recording of the work was made by the British cellist, Steven Isserlis. Rostropovich himself never recorded the sonata although he is known to have performed it during his lifetime. In addition to Isserlis, recordings were made by Alexander Ivashkin, Raphael Wallfisch, and Yan Levionnois. Performances generally run between 8 and 12 minutes. Isserlis performed this work at the funerals of both Lina Prokofiev (the composer's first wife) and Oleg Prokofiev (the composer's youngest son). Catalog Inconsistencies There is some disagreement when it comes to assigning the proper opus number to this sonata. Prokofiev marked the sonata's manuscript itself with Opus 133, but when dictating a list of his final compositions to his second wife Mira Mendelson just before he died, he told her that the sonata was to be Opus 134. Some scholars, such as Vladimir Blok, believe that the correct opus number is the one found on the manuscript itself – yet a consensus was never reached and therefore the Sonata for Solo Cello can now be found as Opus 133 or Opus 134 depending on the particular catalog, edition, or recording. In addition to the inconsistent opus number, the sonata is often cataloged as "Sonata for Solo Cello in C minor". This would likely have made sense if Prokofiev had completed the composition, but no part of the extant manuscript is in the key of in C minor and Blok's reconstruction of the sonata is clearly based in the key F minor. References External links Prokofiev Sonata for Solo Cello in C-sharp minor, Op. 134. Daniel Muller-Schott - Prokofiev Sonata for Solo Cello - (8:25). Alexander Ivashkin - Prokofiev Sonata for Solo Cello - (12:48). Yan Levionnois - Prokofiev Sonata for Solo Cello. - (8:30). Prokofiev 1952 compositions Chamber music by Sergei Prokofiev Compositions in C-sharp minor

30665627

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni%20Battista%20Baliani

Giovanni Battista Baliani

Giovanni Battista Baliani (1582–1666) was an Italian mathematician, physicist and astronomer. Career He was born in Genoa. He was governor of Savona in 1647–1649 and captain of the Republic of Genoa's archers. For some 25 years, he held a correspondence with Galileo Galilei about the time's most innovative scientific theories and experiments. Work At Savona, from the Priamar Fortress, he repeated Galileo's experiment of the Tower of Pisa, obtaining more precise measurements which allowed him to underline the effect of air attrition. He also conducted an experiment to show the heat generated by a pot full of water, which he had boiled after rotating it at high speed. His main work is entitled De motu naturali gravium, fluidorum et solidorum ("About the motion of bodies, fluids and solids"), published in 1638; in it, he was the first to enunciate the law of acceleration of a body and to distinguish between mass and weight. He also studied tides, supporting Galileo's theory that they were generated by the Earth's motion around the Sun. His arguments were published by Giovanni Battista Riccioli in his Almagestum novum (1651) and later resumed by John Wallis and Isaac Newton. Death Baliani died at Genoa in 1666. Notes Sources 1582 births 1666 deaths 17th-century Genoese people 17th-century Italian mathematicians 17th-century Italian writers 17th-century Italian physicists 17th-century Italian astronomers

2130678

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Mathewson

George Mathewson

Sir George Ross Mathewson, (born 14 May 1940) is a Scottish businessman. He is best known for transforming the Scottish bank The Royal Bank of Scotland from a struggling regional player into a quasi global bank with parallels to Citigroup or HSBC. He was described by the Sunday Herald, as "banking's answer to Bruce Springsteen". He was the convener of Scotland's Council of Economic Advisers. Early life and education Mathewson was born in Dunfermline, the son of George Mathewson, an electrical engineer from Perth, and Charlotte Gordon Ross. He was educated at Perth Academy and the University of St Andrews' Queen's College in Dundee, from where he graduated in 1961 with a degree in mathematics and applied physics. Career Early career Mathewson started his career as a lecturer at St Andrews University where he did a PhD, before moving to United States to work for Bell Aerospace as an engineer in Buffalo, New York (1967–72). He was attracted back to Scotland by the opening up of the North Sea to oil exploration and joined venture capital group 3i, then called Industrial and Commercial Finance Corporation (1972–81). He was chief executive of the state-funded economic regeneration organisation the Scottish Development Agency (now called Scottish Enterprise) during the Margaret Thatcher years (1981–87). In this role Mathewson led initiatives including the creation of Silicon Glen – using state subsidies to help attract high-tech businesses to Scotland's central lowlands. Royal Bank of Scotland (1987–2000) Mathewson joined the Royal Bank of Scotland, which is headquartered in the Scottish capital city of Edinburgh, in 1987 as director of strategic planning and development. The following year the Scottish bank showed signs of international ambition by acquiring the US-based Citizens Financial Group and by entering a long-term "strategic alliance" with the Spanish bank Banco Santander. While the first deal became the springboard for RBS gaining a significant US presence, the deal with Santander was dissolved in 2004 after the Spanish bank offended its UK partner by taking over its UK rival Abbey National. When Mathewson became RBS's chief executive in 1992 the bank had been severely weakened by bad debts arising from poor lending decisions, which had been exacerbated by the economic slowdown of the early 1990s. To get the bank onto an even keel, Mathewson commissioned 'Project Columbus', which transformed the processes and structure of RBS's UK retail banking operations and included a tightening of credit controls, a focus on sales and a modernisation of processes and management. This earned him a reputation for ruthlessness (he was nicknamed 'Doctor Death') but gave the bank a solid platform for growth. In 1998 RBS became the first ever Scottish company to make profits of more than £1 billion. He was knighted for services to Scottish business the following year. The defining moment of Mathewson's career came with the £20 billion takeover of the much larger UK bank National Westminster Bank in February 2000. The acquisition was a sweet triumph for Mathewson, who mustered support from investment banks Merrill Lynch and Goldman Sachs to defeat RBS's Scottish arch-rival the Bank of Scotland, which had opened the bidding for NatWest. Some argue that Mathewson would not have dared to make a hostile bid for NatWest if Sir Peter Burt, chief executive of the Bank of Scotland, had not gone first. Soon after the NatWest acquisition, Mathewson stepped down as RBS's CEO, handing the reins to his deputy Fred Goodwin, who assumed responsibility for integrating NatWest. Mathewson became executive deputy chairman of the enlarged RBS Group. He became chairman in May 2001 following the retirement of former Tory politician George Younger. While Mathewson was chairman, RBS bought Cleveland, Ohio-based Charter One, which was bolted onto the bank's Citizens arm, and a five per cent stake in Beijing-based Bank of China. Mathewson stepped down as chairman in April 2006, and was succeeded by former AstraZeneca chief executive Sir Tom McKillop, who is three years his junior. He became something of an iconic figure in Scottish business circles as a result of the transformation of RBS. Life after RBS After retiring from RBS, Mathewson became chairman of the campaign board of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh and non-executive chairman of hedge fund Tosca, which was active in RBS's disastrous takeover in 2007 of Dutch bank ABN Amro. He is also a non-executive director of investment company the Scottish Investment Trust, wealth managers Cheviot Asset Management and Perth-based bus and train company Stagecoach Group. He is on the board of directors of the Institute of International Finance and president of the International Monetary Conference. Honours Mathewson was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1985 New Year Honours. He was knighted in the 1999 New Year Honours for services to economic development in Scotland and banking. Personal life In 1966, Mathewson married Sheila Alexandra Graham Bennett, daughter of Eon Bennett, and has two sons. His interests include rugby, golf, tennis and water sports. References 1940 births Living people People from Dunfermline Scottish chief executives Alumni of the University of St Andrews NatWest Group people Matthewson, George Alumni of the University of Dundee 3i Group people People educated at Perth Academy Commanders of the Order of the British Empire Knights Bachelor Members of the Board of Directors of the Banco Santander

67922386

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japewiella%20dollypartoniana

Japewiella dollypartoniana

Japewiella dollypartoniana is a species of crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. It is widely distributed in the Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America, and has also been reported from Ontario, Canada. The lichen grows on tree branches and sapling and shrub stems at middle to high elevations. Taxonomy The lichen was formally described as a new species in 2015 by Jessica Allen and James Lendemer. The type specimen was found in the Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock Wilderness area of Nantahala National Forest in North Carolina. Here it was found growing on an exposed rock in a heath bald community dominated by ericaceous shrubs such as Rhododendron, Vaccinium, and Kalmia, at an altitude of . The specific epithet honors Dolly Parton, described by the authors as "one of the most famous country singers of all time and a native of the southern Appalachians". Description Japewiella dollypartoniana is a crustose lichen with a more or less circular greenish-gray to brown thallus measuring up to , although sometimes neighbouring thalli coalesce to form larger aggregates. The thallus features soralia that break through the surface, comprising discrete spherical soredia that are in the size range 10–50 μm. Apothecia have been rarely documented in this species, known only from a few populations on Haoe Mountain. Secondary chemicals found in the lichen are norstictic and connorstictic acids. The species Lambiella fuscosora is another sorediate crustose lichen that produces norstictic acid. In 2017, it was reported as new to North America based on sterile material from Eagle Hill in Maine (United States) and Ontario (Canada). Re-examination of the specimens showed that they were in fact Japewiella dollypartoniana, extending the range of this lichen to Canada. References Lecanoraceae Lichens described in 2015 Fungi of Canada Fungi of the United States

43956143

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20force

Air force

An air force – in the broadest sense – is the national military branch that primarily conducts aerial warfare. More specifically, it is the branch of a nation's armed services that is responsible for aerial warfare as distinct from an army or navy. Typically, air forces are responsible for gaining control of the air, carrying out strategic and tactical bombing missions, and providing support to land and naval forces often in the form of aerial reconnaissance and close air support. The term air force may also refer to a tactical air force or numbered air force, which is an operational formation either within a national air force or comprising several air components from allied nations. Air forces typically consist of a combination of fighters, bombers, helicopters, transport planes and other aircraft. Many air forces may command and control other air defence assets such as anti-aircraft artillery, surface-to-air missiles, or anti-ballistic missile warning networks and defensive systems. Some air forces are also responsible for operations of the military space and intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM). Some nations, principally countries who modelled their militaries along Soviet lines, have or had an air defence force which is organizationally separate from their air force. Peacetime/non-wartime activities of air forces may include air policing and air-sea rescue. Air forces are not just composed of pilots, but also rely on a significant amount of support from other personnel to operate. Logistics, security, intelligence, special operations, cyber space support, maintenance, weapons loaders, and many other specialties are required by all air forces. History Heavier-than-air military aircraft The first aviation force in the world was the Aviation Militaire of the French Army formed in 1910, which eventually became l'Armée de l'Air. In 1911, during the Italo-Turkish War, Italy employed aircraft for the first time ever in the world for reconnaissance and bombing missions against Turkish positions on Libyan Territory. The Italian–Turkish war of 1911–1912 was the first in history that featured air attacks by airplanes and dirigible airships. During World War I France, Germany, Italy, the British Empire and the Ottoman Empire all possessed significant forces of bombers and fighters. World War I also saw the appearance of senior commanders who directed aerial warfare and numerous flying aces. Independent air forces An independent air force is one which is a separate branch of a nation's armed forces and is, at least nominally, treated as a military service on par with that of older services like navies or armies. The British Royal Air Force was the first independent air force in the world. The RAF was founded on 1 April 1918 by amalgamation the British Army's Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service. On establishment the RAF comprised over 20,000 aircraft, was commanded by a Chief of the Air Staff who held the rank of major-general and was governed by its own government ministry (the Air Ministry). Arguably, the Finnish Air Force was the first independent air force in the world, formed on 6 March 1918, when the Swedish count, Eric von Rosen gave Finland the second aircraft, a Thulin Typ D. Some considered that the Finnish Air Force did not officially exist during the Finnish Civil War, and the Red Guards had its own air force. Over the following decades most countries with any substantial military capability established their own independent air forces. The South African Air Force was formed on 1 February 1920 and the Royal Australian Air Force was formed shortly afterwards on 31 March 1921, although it was not until 1922 that the head of the Service was titled as Chief of the Air Staff, placing him on a par with his Australian Army and Navy counterparts. The Canadian Air Force was formed at the end of World War I, and was abolished and reorganized several times between 1918 and 1924. It became the permanent Royal Canadian Air Force when it received the "Royal" title by royal proclamation on 1 April 1924. It did not however become independent of the Canadian Army until 1938 when its head was also designated as Chief of the Air Staff. Similarly, the Royal New Zealand Air Force was established in 1923 as the New Zealand Permanent Air Force but did not become independent of the New Zealand Army until 1937. Other British-influenced countries also established their own independent air forces. For example, the Royal Egyptian Air Force was created in 1937 when Egyptian military aviation was separated from Army command. The Afghan Air Force was established on 22 August 1924, with support from the Soviet Union and Great Britain, but a civil war destroyed most of the planes and it wasn't reestablished until 1937, when King Mohammed Nadir Shah took power. Outside of the British Empire, the Italian Royal Air Force was founded in 1923, the Romanian Air Force was established as a force category on 1 January 1924, the Finnish Air Force was established as a separate service on 4 May 1928, the Chilean Air Force was founded in 1930 and the Brazilian Air Force was created in 1941. Both the United States Air Force and the Philippine Air Force were formed as a separate branches of their respective armed forces in 1947, as did the Argentine Air Force in 1945. The Israeli Air Force came into being with the State of Israel on 18 May 1948, but evolved from the pre-existing Sherut Avir (Air Service) of the Haganah paramilitary. The Japan Air Self-Defense Force was not established until 1954; in World War II Japanese military aviation had been carried out by the Army and Navy. Unlike all these countries, the Mexican Air Force remains an integral part of the Mexican Army. The world wars World War I Germany was the first country to organize regular air attacks on enemy infrastructure with the Luftstreitkräfte. In World War I, it used its zeppelins (airships) to drop bombs on British cities. At that time, Britain did have aircraft, though her airships were less advanced than the zeppelins and were very rarely used for attacking; instead, they were usually used to spy on German U-boats (submarines). Fixed-wing aircraft at the time were quite primitive, being able to achieve velocities comparable to that of modern automobiles and mounting minimal weaponry and equipment. Aerial services were still largely a new venture, and relatively unreliable machines and limited training resulted in stupendously low life expectancies for early military aviators. World War II By the time World War II began, planes had become much safer, faster, and more reliable. They were adopted as standard for bombing raids and taking out other aircraft because they were much faster than airships. The world's largest military Air Force by the start of the Second World War in 1939 was the Soviet Red Air Force, and although much depleted, it would stage the largest air operations of WWII over the four years of combat with the German Luftwaffe. Arguably the war's most important air operation, known as the Battle of Britain, took place during 1940 over Britain and the English Channel between Britain's Royal Air Force and Germany's Luftwaffe over a period of several months. In the end Britain emerged victorious, and this caused Adolf Hitler to give up his plan to invade Britain. Other prominent air force operations during the Second World War include the Allied bombing of Germany during 1942–1944, and the Red Air Force operations in support of strategic ground offensives on the Eastern Front. The aerial warfare in Pacific Ocean theatre was of a comparable strategic significance to the Battle of Britain but was largely conducted by the US and Japanese naval aviation services and not by air forces. Strategic bombing The air force's role of strategic bombing against enemy infrastructure was developed during the 1930s by the Japanese in China and by the Germans during the Spanish Civil War. This role for the bomber was perfected during World War II, during Allied "Thousand Bomber Raid" operations. The need to intercept these bombers, both during the day and at night, accelerated fighter aircraft developments. The war ended when United States Army Air Forces Boeing B-29 Superfortress bombers dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan in August 1945. Post World War II The United States Air Force became an independent service in 1947. As the Cold War began, both the USAF and the Soviet Air Force built up their nuclear-capable strategic bomber forces. Several technological advances were widely introduced during this time: the jet engine; the missile; the helicopter; and inflight refueling. In 1954 the Japan Air Self-Defense Force was founded as a separate service. Previously Japan had delivered its service aviation from within its Army and Navy. During the 1960s, Canada merged the Royal Canadian Air Force with the army and the navy to form the unified Canadian Forces, with air assets divided between several commands and a green uniform for everyone. This proved very unpopular, and in 1975 Canadian aviation units were reorganized under a single organization (Air Command) with a single commander. In 2011 the Canadian Forces Air Command reverted to its pre-1960s name, the Royal Canadian Air Force. Organization The organizational structures of air forces vary between nations: some air forces (such as the United States Air Force, the Royal Air Force) are divided into commands, groups and squadrons; others (such as the Soviet Air Force) have an Army-style organizational structure. The modern Royal Canadian Air Force uses Air Division as the formation between wings and the entire air command. Like the RAF, Canadian wings consist of squadrons. In the case of China the Air Force headquarters consists of four departments: Command, Political, Logistic, and Equipment, which mirrors the four general departments of the People's Liberation Army. Below the headquarters, Military Region Air Forces (MRAF) direct divisions (Fighter, Attack, Bomber), which in turn direct regiments and squadrons. Infantry Air Force Infantry, such as the Royal Air Force Regiment, Royal Australian Air Force Airfield Defense Guards, RNZAF Security Forces, and the US Air Force Security Forces, are used primarily for ground-based defence of air bases and other air force facilities. They also have a number of other specialist roles, including Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) defense, offensive operations in defense of air force assets, and training other air force personnel in basic ground defence tactics. Special forces Air Force Special Forces, such as US Air Force Special Tactics, Brazilian Para-SAR, Indian Garud Commando Force and Pakistani Special Service Wing are used in a variety of roles including combat search and rescue, special reconnaissance, direct action, counter-insurgency, intelligence operations, and serving as joint terminal attack controllers attached to ground and special operations forces. See also Aerial warfare Air force academy List of air forces Military aircraft Space force Cyber force Notes References "AFPC – Air Force Personnel Center", Air Force Personnel Center, Joint Base San Antonio, Texas, 2013, webpage: www.afpc.af.mil. "United States Air Force", U.S. Air Force, 2009, webpage (large): Airforce.com (Air Force recruiting site). "United States Air Force", U.S. Air Force, 2013, webpage (large): Official Site of the US Air Force (has subpages about the Air Force). "United States Air Force Fact Sheet", U.S. Air Force, 2013, webpage (large): US Air Force Fact Sheet. "United States Air Force Facebook Official External Presence", U.S. Air Force, 2013, webpage (large): Official US Air Force Facebook page. "United States Air Force blog", U.S. Air Force, 2013, webpage (large): Official US Air Force blog.

4383913

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infernus%20%28disambiguation%29

Infernus (disambiguation)

Infernus is a Norwegian black metal musician and founding member of Gorgoroth. Infernus may also refer to: Infernus (album), an album by Hate Eternal Infernus, a Subskimmer-like submersible developed by students in Sweden See also Inferius, a type of animated corpse in the Harry Potter scenario Inferno (disambiguation)

43252801

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pellet%20heating

Pellet heating

Pellet heating is a heating system in which wood pellets (small pellets from wood chips and sawdust) are combusted. Other pelletized fuels such as straw pellets are used occasionally. Today's central heating system which run on wood pellets as a renewable energy source are comparable in operation and maintenance of oil and gas heating systems. Types Basically there are two different operating systems for pellet heating systems, one being single ovens with direct heat release into the living space and the other being central heating systems (pellet central heating systems) including control and feedback control systems. Pellet stove Pellet stoves or single ovens are generally plants in the power range of max. 6-8 kW and less. They are usually placed directly in the living room. They usually have a small reservoir of pellet fuel which can last for one or more days. Fuel supply and the control of combustion are controlled automatically and the ash removal is done manually. The heat is usually delivered directly into the room. The range of individual pellet stoves is similarly diverse as wood-burning stoves, including versions with viewings window which provide a view of the fire. Pellet boilers Pellet boilers are used as central heating systems for heat requirements (heating load) of more than 3.9 kW (Kilowatt). But pellet central heating systems are not only used in single- or two-family homes (up to 30 kW), but also for larger residential or business units with heat requirements of a few hundred kW. Pellet burner systems run most efficiently at full load and can usually be regulated down to up to 30% of its full capacity. Since the warmup phase of pellet ovens usually takes longer than for oil or gas firing systems, short burning phases have negative effects on the fuel efficiency. In order to improve energy efficiency and reduce harmful emissions, pellet ovens are usually combined with buffer systems like water tanks, for example. Add-on furnaces Separate pellet burner, which can be mounted to an existing oil- or wood-fired boiler, are sometimes offered as an inexpensive alternative to a complete heating changeover. But the efficiency of these add-on furnaces is reduced. Usually add-on furnaces are not subsidized by government funds. Operation method Similar to wood chip fuel heating systems also pellet fuel is delivered periodically and automatically from the pellet storage (for central heating systems) or the day tank (for pellet stove) according to need in the combustion chamber. With the heat generated from the heating circuit water is heated in the boiler of the pellet in pellet central heating systems. The heat distribution is the same as in other systems, which use water for heat distribution. Unlike for oil or gas heating systems, pellet heating systems demand the integration of a hot water tank in the heating system in order to reduce heat losses. Burning unit The furnace is automatically supplied with combustible material. The control technology of the system regulates the fuel input gradually in order to match the required heat output. Depending on the specific system, the supplied wood pellets are automatically ignited either with hot air blowers, or it uses a permanent ember bed in the combustion chamber. Wood pellet heating systems work with different techniques of charging and combustion: Today there are specifically developed loading techniques for pellet combustion like drop chute firing, underfeed firing, side-fed firing or the use of a roller grate system. The method of charging and combustion of the pellet fuel is divided into 5 technologies. Drop shaft burner - Pellets slide down a drop chute into a burn pot. This way the combustion area is exactly defined, combustion can therefore be exactly controlled. With this technology the least rest ash remains compared with other systems and can be carried out of the burn pot by cleaning mechanisms. This type of charging is usually used for Pellet stoves. Roller grate system - The pellets fall from above onto several slow-turning steel plates with small clearances. A skimmer cleans the clearance spaces with every revolution so that the ash can fall down unhindered and combustion air can be fed through upwards. Underfeed burner - The pellets are pressed from below into a burn plate by an auger where they are burnt and the ash that remains falls over the edge of the plate into the ash pan below. Side-fed firing or retorte burner - This technology functions similarly to the underfeed firing except that the fuel is pressed via an auger onto the burn plate from the side. At the same time the burn plate as well as the air supply can be configured to match partial performances. Suction technology The 100% burnback security of the drop-chute system is combined with a solid metal rotary valve and prevents coating of the cyclone or suction turbine with dust. The narrow and high cyclone cleans the return air of dust and thereby guarantees maximum service life of the turbine. The variable control firebed possible with the drop principle, together with the high combustion chamber temperatures, makes modulation characteristics possible. For more efficiency and less pollution in the air, modern pellet heating systems control combustion either via a temperature or flame space sensor in combination with an infinitely variable input of combustion air via a suck-blow fan or a lambda probe. The hot flue gases are led into the chimney via a heat exchanger with manual or automatic cleaning of the reheating surfaces. Power range and efficiency Pellet systems are available in different power ranges from about 3.9 Kilowatt single ovens between about 4 and 20 kW. Most systems available today have a power control over the fuel and combustion air supply, so that they can be operated at full load and at part load. Currently pellet boilers achieve a combustion efficiency of about 85-95% at full load (nominal thermal output) in thermal power operation. With few exceptions, the efficiency decreases when the pellets boiler operates at partial load. The technical heating efficiencies described may vary greatly from the actual plant efficiencies, the reason the plant concept plays a major role. The use of a sufficiently large buffer storage is useful. Storage and discharge Day-reservoir The wood pellets are stored in bulk in a tank or storage area and supplied to the burner by means of a conveyor system. The storage area must be dry, since the pellets react hygroscopic (Hygrocopy) on clammy walls or high humidity during storage with crumbling. Compared to oil, wood pellets require about three times the storage volume, though with less technical effort for the space, as pellets, unlike heating oil are water-polluting substances. For storage, the pellets can be accommodated in a single storage space. The floor should be in the shape of a funnel usually made out of wood. At the end of the funnel is the inlet for the screw conveyor or the extraction pipe. More outlets in the storage room ensure unobstructed operation even in case of problems of one of the extraction points. Alternatives to a storage room are prefabricated tanks made of fabric or sheet steel. Buried underground tanks or free-standing silos can be used, if sufficient space is available in the building. In areas with high humidity it is important to use must tight tank systems to ensure the quality of pellet fuel. Conveyance To convey the pellets from the storage facility to the boiler room different systems are in use: Blower or screw systems can be used. The choice depends primarily on the distance from the storage to the boiler room. For distances greater than two meters flexible multi-stage screw conveyors are usually necessary. Blower systems can be used flexibly and feed distances up to 20 m. The discharge from the storage room or container is usually also supported by an inclined tank bottom or a hopper outlet. References Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning Residential heating appliances

63827118

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Confederation%20of%20Trade%20Unions%20of%20Greenland

National Confederation of Trade Unions of Greenland

The National Confederation of Trade Unions of Greenland (Greenlandic: Sulinermik Inuussutissarsiuteqartut Kattuffiat or simply SIK) is a trade union centre in Greenland. It was formed in 1956 as 'GAS, Grønlands Arbejder Sammenslutning" until 1978 and has a membership more than 10,000, approximately 40 % of the Greenlandic workforce. SIK is affiliated with the Council of Nordic Trade Unions. Presidents 1956: Lars Svendsen 1961: Kaj Johnsen 1963: Ôdâq Olsen 1972: Ulf Olsen 1973: Ôdâq Olsen 1978: Abraham Mikaelsen 1978: Ôdâq Olsen 1980: Jens Lyberth 1987: Finn Heilmann (May-October) 1987: Jonas Fleischer (March) 1987: Jens Johansen (March) 1988: Ole Magnussen 1989: Kristian "Pablo" Poulsen 1990: Jess G. Berthelsen External links SIK's Official Website (in Greenlandic/Danish) SIK's Official Website (in English) References Trade unions in Greenland Greenland Trade unions established in 1956 National federations of trade unions 1956 establishments in Greenland

18123661

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blake%20School%20%28Plantation%2C%20Florida%29

Blake School (Plantation, Florida)

The Blake School is a private, co-ed Montessori school serving pre-school through 8th grade. The school is located in Plantation, Florida. This school is associated with The Blake School (Lake City, Florida). References Broward County Schools Schools in Broward County, Florida Private middle schools in Florida Private elementary schools in Florida Plantation, Florida Montessori schools in the United States

1592633

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Solomon%20Lehr

Henry Solomon Lehr

Henry Solomon Lehr (March 8, 1838 – January 28, 1923) was the founder of Ohio Northern University. The Lehr Building at that school was named in his honor. Born the 11th child to George and Salome Lehr in Oldtown, Mahoning County, Ohio, Henry Lehr first attended school at the age of 12 while still working full-time as a farm hand. His primary interest was in scholarship, so in 1854 he earned his teaching certification and began part-time teaching while still continuing to do his farm work. He then enrolled at Mount Union College in March 1857. As a student there, Lehr began to develop the idea that colleges should design their schedules and curriculum to the convenience of the student - an idea which up until that point had not been implemented in schools of higher learning. Lehr's studies were interrupted by the American Civil War. When discharged, in 1865, Lehr was tired of the migratory life of teachers at the time, and felt compelled to do more with his teaching. In 1866 Lehr moved to Ada, Ohio and became the schoolmaster there. He negotiated to use the facilities after classes to teach a “select school” for those wishing education beyond that offered during the day. As his reputation grew throughout the area, the number of select school students increased, and in 1870, Lehr felt sufficiently well established to approach the citizens of Ada for funds to purchase land for a campus and an academic building. In August 1871, the Northwestern Ohio Normal School, later Ohio Northern University, was launched. While all this was going on, Lehr managed to find time to commute back to home to complete the requirements for his PhD degree at Mount Union College, graduating 10 years behind the class with which he had entered. During Ohio Northern University’s early years, Lehr attempted to keep tuition as low as possible to enable as many people as possible to afford to enroll. Unfortunately, by the 1890s, the school faced financial difficulties. To place the university on sound financial footing, Lehr transferred Ohio Normal University to the Methodist Church, and since 1899, the institution has been affiliated with the Church. In 1903, Ohio Normal University became Ohio Northern University. Lehr, was president of Ohio Northern University from 1871 to 1900. Dr. Leroy Belt was selected as the new president in May 1901. From 1901-1903 Lehr agreed to continue on as secretary, treasurer, and general manager. Due to differences with Dr. Belt, Lehr severed his ties with the University at the end of the 1902-03 academic year. He then moved to Winona Lake, Indiana. On April 27, 1905 President Belt resigned, and Dr. Albert Edwin Smith became Ohio Northern's third president. With the change of administrations, Lehr returned to Ada in September 1905. Lehr's memoirs appeared in serial form in the University Herald of Ada; the memoirs occupied Lehr from 1904 to early 1909. Henry Solomon Lehr died Jan, 28, 1923 in Ada, Ohio. External links (Detailed coverage from the school's creation in 1871 to roughly 1903 when Lehr retired, written by his daughter, (The serialized memoirs of Ohio Northern University's founder)) (Album of photographs that originally resided in the Lehr/Kennedy house on Ohio Northern University’s campus.) People from Mahoning County, Ohio People from Ada, Ohio Ohio Northern University University of Mount Union alumni 1838 births 1923 deaths

2145737

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C3%A9ridon

Guéridon

A guéridon is a small table supported by one or more columns, or sculptural human or mythological figures, often with a circular top. The guéridon originated in France towards the middle of the 17th century. The supports for early guéridons were often modeled on ancient Egyptian and Greek as well as various African human traditional figures (inspired by caryatids). While often serving humble purposes, such as to hold a candlestick or vase, the guéridon could be a high-style decorative piece of court furniture. By the time of Louis XIV's death in 1715, there were several hundred guéridons at Versailles, and within a generation they had taken on a nearly endless number of forms: columns, tripods, termini and mythological figures. Some of the simpler and more artistic forms were of wood carved with familiar decorative motives and gilded. Silver, enamel, and indeed almost any material from which furniture can be made have been used for their construction. A variety of small occasional tables (those with no particular function) are now called guéridons in French. References Abbott, James A. A Frenchman in Camelot: The Decoration of the Kennedy White House by Stéphane Boudin. Boscobel Restoration Inc.: 1995. . Kenny, Peter M., Frances F. Bretter and Ulrich Leben. Honoré Lannuier Cabinetmaker from Paris: The Life and Work of French Ébiniste in Federal New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York and Harry Abrams: 1998. . Monkman, Betty C. The White House: The Historic Furnishing & First Families. Abbeville Press: 2000. . Furniture Tables (furniture)

23488378

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haematobia

Haematobia

Haematobia is a genus of biting true flies of the family Muscidae. Species H. exigua Meijere, 1906 H. irritans (Linnaeus, 1758) H. minuta (Bezzi, 1892) H. potans (Bezzi, 1907) H. schillingsi (Grünberg, 1906) H. spinigera Malloch, 1932 H. thirouxi (Roubaud, 1906) H. titillans (Bezzi, 1907) References Muscidae Diptera of Europe Diptera of North America Diptera of Africa Diptera of Asia Muscoidea genera Taxa named by Amédée Louis Michel le Peletier Taxa named by Jean Guillaume Audinet-Serville

11194123

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How%20Can%20We%20Be%20Silent

How Can We Be Silent

How Can We Be Silent is the third studio album from contemporary Christian band BarlowGirl. It was released on July 24, 2007 in five different editions, including three retailer-exclusive editions that each added a unique acoustic bonus track. Similarly to Another Journal Entry, this album was released in a special edition variant known as How Can We Be Silent Premium Edition. It was released concurrently with the regular edition, adding a new cover sleeve and bundling a 45-minute DVD. Video content includes personal interviews, stories behind the songs on the album and two previously released music videos, "I Need You to Love Me and "Never Alone". Marketing On May 20, 2007, Warner Music Group launched a promotional site, Have You Heard The Word?, to promote this album and other upcoming releases. Two music videos were announced, but cancelled, during the How Can We Be Silent era. The first was announced on May 24, 2007 on the How Can We Be Silent All Access Pass site intended for Family Christian Stores customers, without announcing the song for the music video. Additionally, the back of the All Access Pass mentions "the world premiere of the new BarlowGirl video and more!" However, no such premiere occurred and the music video release was ultimately cancelled. The second music video, "Sweet Revenge", was recorded in 2009 by 1834 Productions as part of a Deep Forgiveness devotional. A promotional video features a very short clip of Alyssa Barlow in the music video. However, the song cannot be heard, as the audio uses a promotional narrator. This music video is lost, as it was omitted from Deep Forgiveness. Critical reception How Can We Be Silent received generally positive reviews. Stephen Thomas Erlewine from Allmusic was less impressed, giving the album 2½ out of 5 stars for its "gothic textures" and its "noisy, cluttered multi-segmented songs." Similarly, David Sessions from Patrol Magazine gave the album a 4.7 out of 10 rating, calling it "an unvaried ruckus sustained for 50 minutes". The album's sound was likened to that of Evanescence. Track listing Alyssa Barlow and Lauren Barlow share lead vocals in the band. The main lead singer of each song is noted below: Personnel Credits for How Can We Be Silent adapted from liner notes. Musicians Alyssa Barlow, Lauren Barlow, Rebecca Barlow – vocals Alyssa Barlow – bass and keyboards Lauren Barlow – drums Rebecca Barlow – guitars Sabrina Barlow – background vocals ("Million Voices") Rob Hawkins – acoustic and electric guitars John Painter – horns and woodwinds New Song Ensemble – choir ("Million Voices") Musicians (New Song Ensemble) Julie Carter – soprano Janine Jones – soprano Liz George – soprano Amy Miller – soprano Sarah Tweet – alto Marisha Wagner – alto Cindy Wagner – alto Adam Bastien – tenor Brian Robison – tenor Todd Fertig – tenor Kyle Cooper – tenor Matthew Seckman – tenor Dustin Whitney – tenor Musicians (Lovesponge Quartet) David Davidson, David Angell – violin Kristin Wilkinson – viola John Catchings – cello Trish Price – melotron ("One More Round") Otto Price – programming, guitars, jazz drums, accordion, synthesizer and miscellanea Production Otto Price – executive producer, producer, programming, additional programming, A&R direction, engineer, vocal arrangements Susan Riley – executive producer, A&R direction Cindy Wagner – director, New Song Ensemble George Cocchini – tone control David Das – programming, string arrangements Tony High – engineer Bryan Lenox – engineer, mixer Katherine Petillo – creative director Jeremy Cowart – photography Sarah Barlow – additional photography Megan Thompson – make-up Neil Robinson – hairstylist Joseph Cassell – wardrobe Alexis Goodman – design Charts How Can We Be Silent debuted at No. 40 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart, and No. 1 on the Billboard's Top Christian Albums chart, and sold about 25,000 copies in its first two weeks. Singles from this album performed poorly on radio compared to other BarlowGirl albums. The first, "Here's My Life", was released in June 2007. It peaked at No. 12 on R&R's Christian contemporary hit radio charts and at No. 29 on Billboard's Hot Christian Songs chart. "Million Voices" and "I Believe In Love" were released later that year, with no chart history available. Awards In 2008, the album was nominated for a Dove Award for Rock/Contemporary Album of the Year at the 39th GMA Dove Awards. The song "Million Voices" was also nominated for Rock Recorded Song of the Year. References 2007 albums BarlowGirl albums

33286862

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycoside%20hydrolase%20family%2012

Glycoside hydrolase family 12

In molecular biology, Glycoside hydrolase family 12 is a family of glycoside hydrolases. Glycoside hydrolases are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes. Glycoside hydrolase family 12 CAZY GH_12 comprises enzymes with the following activities: endoglucanase (), xyloglucan hydrolase (), β-1,3-1,4-glucanase () and xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (). These enzymes were formerly known as cellulase family H. References EC 3.2.1 Protein families GH family

2973363

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On%20Stage%20%28Elvis%20Presley%20album%29

On Stage (Elvis Presley album)

On Stage (subtitled February, 1970) is a live album by American singer Elvis Presley, released on RCA Records LSP-4362 in June 1970. It was recorded between February 17 and 19, 1970 and August 22 and 25, 1969 at the International Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada. The album reached number 13 on both the Billboard 200 and country music charts. It was certified Gold on February 23, 1971, and Platinum on July 15, 1999, by the Recording Industry Association of America. Content On Stage was an immediate follow up to From Memphis to Vegas/From Vegas to Memphis, which also featured live recordings. Unlike the previous release, however, this album focused on songs that were not, at the time, associated with Elvis. The album features the worldwide number one single "The Wonder of You", which topped both the United States Adult Contemporary tracks chart and the British music chart. Other selections include "See See Rider", "Yesterday", Tony Joe White's "Polk Salad Annie", Del Shannon's "Runaway", and a version of "Let It Be Me". "See See Rider" would go on to become Elvis' frequent introductory number at his concerts up to his last performance at the (now defunct) Market Square Arena in Indianapolis Indiana on June 26, 1977, while "Polk Salad Annie" also became a regular part of his repertoire. The album is notable for not showing Elvis' name anywhere on the cover. The album has remained in print since its release date and has sold more than ten million copies globally. On January 8, 2010, it was announced that a Legacy Edition would be released, to follow the Legacy Edition release of From Elvis In Memphis in the spring of 2010. Track listing Original release Extended Version Legacy Edition On March 23, 2010, the album was released in a two-disc Legacy Edition. All tracks on disc two were recorded August 23–26, 1969. The album was arranged by Bergen White, Glen D. Hardin and Glen Spreen Personnel Sourced from Keith Flynn’s access to RCA and AFM paperwork. Elvis Presley – vocals, electric guitar, acoustic guitar James Burton – electric lead guitar John Wilkinson − electric rhythm guitar Charlie Hodge − acoustic rhythm guitar, backing vocals Glen D. Hardin − keyboards except “Runaway” and “Yesterday” Larry Muhoberac - keyboards on “Runaway” and “Yesterday” Jerry Scheff – bass Bob Lanning − drums except “Runaway” and “Yesterday” Ronnie Tutt – drums on “Runaway” and “Yesterday” Eddie Graham − percussion Millie Kirkham − backing vocals The Imperials − backing vocals The Sweet Inspirations − backing vocals Bobby Morris and his Orchestra - orchestra Overdubbed: Mary Holladay, Ginger Holladay, Jeanie Greenie, Sandra Posey, Dolores Edgin, Ricki Page, Hurshel Wiginton, Joseph Babcock, James Glaser – additional backing vocals References External links 1970 live albums Elvis Presley live albums RCA Records live albums Albums recorded at Westgate Las Vegas

35272422

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Shou%20International%20School

I-Shou International School

The I-Shou International School (), a bilingual school, is an international school in Dashu District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. I-Shou International School is the first school in Taiwan that is authorized to offer the International Baccalaureate (IB) Primary Years Program (PYP), Middle Years Program (MYP) and the IB Diploma Program (DP). In 2015, the school was accredited by the Council of International Schools (CIS). See also Education in Taiwan References 2004 establishments in Taiwan Boarding schools in Taiwan Educational institutions established in 2004 High schools in Taiwan International Baccalaureate schools in Taiwan Primary schools in Taiwan International schools in Kaohsiung

44033253

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Few%20Days%20from%20the%20Life%20of%20I.%20I.%20Oblomov

A Few Days from the Life of I. I. Oblomov

Oblomov (, translit. Neskolko dney iz zhizni I. I. Oblomov) is a Soviet comedy/drama film directed by Nikita Mikhalkov. It was released by Mosfilm in 1980. The film's plot is based on the novel Oblomov (), written by Ivan Goncharov, which tells the story of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, a middle-aged nobleman living in 19th century Saint Petersburg. This central character exemplifies the superfluous man concept found in 19th century Russian literature. Plot The film begins in 19th century Saint Petersburg, and examines the life of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, a middle-aged Russian nobleman. Slothful and seemingly unhappy, Oblomov spends much of the beginning of the film sleeping and being attended to by his servant, Zakhar. In an attempt to get him more active, Andrei Ivanovich Stoltz, a Russian/German businessman and close friend, frequently takes Oblomov along with him to social events. Oblomov is introduced to a cultured woman named Olga, a friend of Stoltz. When Stoltz leaves the country, Olga is left with the task of civilizing and culturing Oblomov while he lives nearby. Olga and Oblomov eventually fall in love, but upon Stoltz's return, Oblomov moves back into town, eventually severing ties with Olga. Stoltz and Olga eventually marry, and Oblomov subsequently marries the woman with whom he was living, Agafya Matveyevna Psehnitsyna. The two have a son, and although Agafya has two children from a previous relationship, Oblomov treats them both as if they were his own. Oblomov is satisfied with his life, although it "lack[s] the poetic and those bright rays which he imagined were to be found." Superfluous Man and Oblomovism In the Ivan Goncharov novel, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is considered an excellent example of the "Superfluous Man" concept of 1800s' Russian literature. Alienated and let down by the world around him, the "superfluous man" character is often considered an outsider at odds with society. In both the novel and the film, Oblomov demonstrates this "superfluity" as an ineffective member of Russia's much criticized aristocracy. Goncharov referred to his character's passivity as "Oblomovism," and the term has since been associated with characters who possess Oblomov's apathy and membership in Russia's upper class. Cast References External links 1980 films 1980 comedy-drama films Films based on Russian novels Films set in the 1850s Films set in the Russian Empire Films set in Saint Petersburg Films shot in Ukraine Films directed by Nikita Mikhalkov Films scored by Eduard Artemyev Mosfilm films Russian comedy-drama films Russian films 1980s Russian-language films Soviet comedy-drama films Soviet films 1980 comedy films 1980 drama films

2795099

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number%201%20%28Goldfrapp%20song%29

Number 1 (Goldfrapp song)

"Number 1" is a song by English electronic music duo Goldfrapp from their third studio album, Supernature (2005). Written and produced by Alison Goldfrapp and Will Gregory, the song features a synthesiser and bass guitar arrangement and was written about the importance and meaningfulness that somebody shares with another, despite that it might not necessarily last. The song was released as the album's second single in October 2005 to positive reviews from music critics. It was a commercial success, reaching the top 40 on the majority of the charts it appeared, and topped the US Hot Dance Club Play chart. The song has been remixed a number of times and was featured in advertising campaigns for the US retail company Target. Background and writing "Number 1" is a mid-tempo electronic love song about the importance and meaningfulness that somebody shares with another, despite that it might not necessarily last. The song was composed as a collaborative effort between Alison Goldfrapp and Will Gregory in late 2004 in the countryside of Bath, England. The song was written and recorded while Goldfrapp and Gregory were jamming in the recording studio, bouncing song ideas off each other. According to Goldfrapp, the song's lyrics are "a little bit more reflective and sensual" than those she had composed on Felt Mountain (2000) and Black Cherry (2003). "Number 1" is written in the common verse-chorus form and features instrumentation from synthesisers and a bass guitar. It contains a synth and bass arrangement that the duo would use frequently on the rest of Supernature. Most of the song was composed on an old Roland String synth keyboard because Goldfrapp enjoyed the sounds that it exudes. Music video The music video for "Number 1" was directed by Dawn Shadforth and filmed in London, England in 2005. The video is set in a plastic surgery clinic where the staff and the patients, except Alison Goldfrapp, have a dog's head and a human body. The video's theme is a reference to the song's lyrics in which Goldfrapp sings "I'm like a dog to get you". The video depicts the story of a white poodle who is being operated on by Great Dane and Yorkshire Terrier surgeons (the receptionist and attendant nurses are saluki). Scenes of Alison Goldfrapp acting like a dog and dancing with the clinic's staff are intercut throughout the video. The video premiered in the UK in early October 2005. The complete version of "Number 1" featured in the music video has been released commercially through CD singles and digital downloads, and some include remixes by Alan Braxe and Fred Falke. Marketing and release In October 2005, Goldfrapp performed "Number 1" on British television shows and toured Europe, playing the single and other new songs. The duo performed only one concert in North America at the Nokia Theatre in New York City on 5 December 2005. The US concert sold out rapidly, which overwhelmed Goldfrapp who did not expect the large turnout. In late 2006, "Number 1" was featured in Christmas advertising campaigns for the US retail company Target. The song, along with "Fly Me Away", was featured in six winter-themed television commercials. "Number 1" was released as a various formats throughout the world. In the United Kingdom, a CD single was distributed on 31 October 2005. While most territories received a CD single and digital download release, the single was also issued as a vinyl single in November 2005 in the UK. A DVD single was also issued and included the "Postcards from the Summer" music video and a special performance film for "Satin Chic". Critical reception "Number 1" received positive reviews from music critics. MusicOMH.com's Michael Hubbard described it as a "warmer, calmer and cosier" song than previous single "Ooh La La", and wrote that "it maintains those Numanoid synth riffs that Goldfrapp now do so well". AllMusic gave the song a strong review, indicating it as a track pick from the album, commenting that "Number 1" "nails the laid-back sexiness that many of the other slower songs [on Supernature] attempt". Stylus Magazine gave Supernature a C+ rating but called the song "refreshing and effective", while About.com wrote that the track was "a stunning profession of love served up over electronic burbles and bouncy bass." Commercial performance "Number 1" entered the UK Singles Chart on 7 November 2005 at number nine, remaining on the chart for four weeks. Elsewhere, the song reached number 29 in Ireland and became Goldfrapp's second top-50 single on the singles chart. The song reached the top 40 in Italy and the top 100 in Germany. In Canada, the song was released on 1 November 2005, reaching number 10 on the Canadian Singles Chart. Due to favourable reception, "Number 1" was released in the United States. Goldfrapp had previously found success in the dance clubs with "Strict Machine" (2003), and "Number 1" became their second consecutive release to reach the top of the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart. The song also reached number one on the Hot Dance Singles Sales chart and number eight on the Hot Singles Sales chart. Alternate versions Alan Braxe and Fred Falke made the most well-known remix of the song, titled the "Alan Braxe and Fred Falke Main Mix", which was included on the CD single. The track, over seven minutes long, uses Goldfrapp's original vocals and features more prominent beats and synthesizers. The remix received mixed reviews from music critics. Stylus Magazine labeled it one of the "best club mixes", while Pop Journalism Magazine called the remix "dismal" and a poor choice. Braxe and Falk also created two other remixes, "Alan Braxe and Fred Falke Club Remix" and "Alan Braxe and Fred Falke Instrumental Remix", which appeared on the UK vinyl single. Icelandic electronic group Múm created the "Múm Remix", which provided the song with a minimalist ambient sound. The remix was included on Goldfrapp's remix album We Are Glitter in 2006, and the home console version of the dancing video game Dance Dance Revolution SuperNOVA 2 in 2007. A cover version by Jont appears on the 2007 compilation album, The Saturday Sessions: The Dermot O'Leary Show. Track listings UK CD single 1 "Number 1" – 3:25 "Beautiful" – 4:48 UK CD single 2 "Number 1" (Alan Braxe & Fred Falke Main Remix) – 7:21 "Ooh La La" (Live)* – 4:37 "Number 1" (Video) – 3:29 UK DVD single "Number 1" (Postcards from the Summer) – 3:19 "Satin Chic" (Special Performance Film) – 3:26 "Lovely 2 C U" (T.Raumschmiere Rmx) (Audio) – 5:43 *Recorded live at V Festival, 21 August 2005. UK 12-inch single "Number 1" (Alan Braxe & Fred Falke Club Remix) – 7:18 "Number 1" (Alan Braxe & Fred Falke Instrumental Remix) – 7:18 Digital download (2019) "Number 1" – 3:25 "Beautiful" – 4:49 "Number 1" (Alan Braxe & Fred Falke Main Remix) – 7:20 "Number 1" (Alan Braxe & Fred Falke Instrumental Remix) – 7:20 "Ooh La La" (Live)* – 4:34 "Lovely 2 C U" (T.Raumschmiere Rmx) – 5:38 "Lovely 2 C U" (T.Raumschmiere Instrumental Remix) – 5:36 Credits and personnel The following people contributed to "Number 1": Alison Goldfrapp – lead vocals, backing vocals, synthesizer Will Gregory – synthesizer Nick Batt – synthesizer, programming Dave Bascombe - vocal arrangement Mark "Spike" Stent – mixing Ted Jensen – mastering Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts See also List of number-one dance singles of 2006 (U.S.) References 2005 singles 2005 songs Goldfrapp songs Mute Records singles Songs written by Alison Goldfrapp Songs written by Will Gregory

67307355

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadim%20Pigas

Vadim Pigas

Vadim Pigas (; ; born 8 August 2001) is a Belarusian professional footballer. As of 2021, he plays for Isloch Minsk Raion. References External links 2001 births Living people Belarusian footballers Association football defenders FC BATE Borisov players FC Isloch Minsk Raion players

53806754

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow%20Brook

Shadow Brook

Shadow Brook, also known as East Springfield Brook, is a river in northern Otsego County in the U.S. State of New York. It begins north-northeast of the Hamlet of East Springfield, and flows into Otsego Lake south-southeast of the Hamlet of Springfield Center, near Glimmerglass State Park. It is the largest watershed in the Otsego Lake basin. History Shadow Brook flows under the historic Hyde Hall Bridge, a covered bridge that was built in 1825. The bridge consists of a single span using a Burr Arch Truss and was constructed by master carpenter Cyrenus Clark with assistance from carpenter Andrew Alden and stonemason Lorenzo Bates. Renovations to the bridge were performed by the State of New York in 1967. It is one of 29 historic covered bridges in New York State. Fishing Suckers can be speared and taken from the creek from January 1 to May 15, each year. References Rivers of New York (state) Rivers of Otsego County, New York

10114716

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn%20Heights%20Park%20%26%20Ride

Glenn Heights Park & Ride

Glenn Heights Park & Ride is a small bus-only station located west of I-35E in Glenn Heights, Texas (USA) and is under ownership of Dallas Area Rapid Transit. It is the southernmost transit center in the DART system. Unlike many Transit Centers, Glenn Heights Park & Ride does not have a heating/cooling facility nor does it have a station attendant, however it does have four passenger shelters. External links Dallas Area Rapid Transit - Glenn Heights Park & Ride Dallas Area Rapid Transit Bus stations in Texas

42427925

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Marsh

Jonathan Marsh

Jonathan Marsh (1621–1672) was a founding settler of the New Haven Colony, and of Norwalk, Connecticut. He came to Norwalk from New Haven sometime prior to March 1656. He was the settlement's miller. He was born about 1621, in Braintree, Essex, England, the son of John Marsh and Grace Baldwin. Jonathan and his brother Samuel came to America from England, and are recorded in Boston in 1641. On May 7, 1650, he is recorded as having sold his land in New Haven to Lancelot Fuller who was married to Jonathan's sister Hannah Marsh. To this day his last surviving relative is still living in Heybridge Essex, Also called Jonathan Marsh he is a well known face and was featured in battling the Bailiffs with Chrisy Morris and can be found walking the streets of maldon helping the needy. At a town meeting in Norwalk on January 6, 1654, a vote was taken which determined that the settlement's milling apparatus was insufficient, and already commenced improvements would be inadequate. The three settlers who were responsible for the mill at the time, Thomas Fitch, Nathaniel Richards, and Richard Olmsted, were to consult with Lieutenant Samuel Swayn, who built the mill in Stamford. They constructed a dam at the mouth of Mill Brook, and Jonathan Marsh built, "a corn mill sufficient for all purposes." Marsh ran the mill for about six years, and then sold the operation to Richards. Marsh sold his lot to Ephraim Lockwood in 1664. He is listed on the Founders Stone bearing the names of the founding settlers of Norwalk in the East Norwalk Historical Cemetery. References 1621 births 1672 deaths Millers American Puritans Founding settlers of Norwalk, Connecticut People from Braintree, Essex People from New Haven, Connecticut People of colonial Connecticut

49401908

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%E2%80%9391%20Connecticut%20Huskies%20men%27s%20basketball%20team

1990–91 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team

The 1990–91 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1990–91 collegiate men's basketball season. The Huskies completed the season with a 20–11 overall record. The Huskies were members of the Big East Conference where they finished with a 9–7 record. They made it to the Sweet Sixteen in the 1991 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament. The Huskies played their home games at Harry A. Gampel Pavilion in Storrs, Connecticut and the Hartford Civic Center in Hartford, Connecticut, and they were led by fifth-year head coach Jim Calhoun. Schedule |- !colspan=12 style=""| Regular Season |- !colspan=12 style=""| Big East Tournament |- !colspan=12 style=""| NCAA Tournament Schedule Source: References UConn Huskies men's basketball seasons Connecticut Huskies Connecticut 1990 in sports in Connecticut 1991 in sports in Connecticut

41928821

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love%2C%20Lust%20and%20Violence

Love, Lust and Violence

Love, Lust and Violence (also known as Mafia Girls and Gangster Girls) is a 1975 pornographic film directed by Norbert Meisel, and written by Stan Kamber. Plot A pair of Mafiosos try to confront Roger Amsford and his wife at a lounge, wanting to discuss a $20,000 debt Roger owes, but the Amsfords evade them. The men follow the Amsfords to their home, and as his associate beats Roger, Spike rapes Mrs. Amsford. On the way out Spike and his partner assault Roger's father, Gen. William Amsford, a former member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Taking matters into his own hands, the general has Louise Tyler, his assistant, bring him discharged Ranger Capt. Joseph Napoli, a recipient of the Congressional Medal of Honor. Having concluded that regular law enforcement is ineffective against organized crime, Gen. Amsford offers Joe the chance to lead a covert and government-sanctioned assault on the Mafia. Joe accepts the job, partly due to having grown up fearing the mob, which killed his uncle by "splitting him in half on a railroad track". At a villa, local mob leader Tony Mandano punishes Spike for raping Mrs. Amsford by forcing him to have sex with one of his gun molls; if Spike can abstain from having an orgasm before the girl does, he will not be killed for his insubordination. Spike is unable to restrain himself, and is shot as the onlooking mobsters applaud. For his first assignment Joe follows Roger to the desolate road where he is going to deliver the money he owes. After Roger pays a pair of thugs, Joe shoots them. Joe and his squad proceed to travel from city to city, wiping out mobsters as the Attorney General repeatedly denies that the assassinations are being directed by the Department of Justice. An affiliate informs Mandano of Gen. Amsford's involvement in the killings, and when Joe and his team attack Mandano's villa, the mob boss ambushes Joe. Joe and Mandano fight, and Joe emerges victorious, beating Mandano to death with his bare hands. Joe, who had been courting Louise throughout the film, celebrates Mandano's death by having sex with her, after the two make plans to elope. Afterward, there is a knock at the door, and when Joe answers it, he is shot to death as Louise screams. Cast Anthony Fortunado as Joseph Napoli Colleen Brennan as Louise Tyler Claudine Beccarie as Masseuse Arem Fisher as General William Amsford Francisco Garcia as Spike Heather Leigh as Girl with Spike Norbert Meisel Al Moore as Roger Amsford Joe Pepe as Pete Michael Perrotta as Tony Mandano Nicolle Riddell as Georgette Serena as Lila Amsford Reception Due to containing what was deemed "gratuitous sexual violence" the film was repeatedly denied release in Australia throughout the 1980s. Ben Sachs of the Chicago Reader stated "There's not much love in this 1975 grindhouse item, an unlikely marriage of vigilante movies and hardcore porn, but two out of three ain't bad" and "This is an authentically decrepit vision of immorality, and director Norbert Meisel, composing resourcefully in anamorphic widescreen, has the virtue of being unique even in his moments of ineptitude". Critical Condition's Fred Adelman praised the film, writing "It contains good acting, an intricate plot and, for once, the hardcore sex plays an important part in the storyline" and "It offers the kind of excitement that most hardcore porn today is sadly missing". See also List of American films of 1975 References External links 1975 films American films American horror thriller films American rape and revenge films Military fiction 1970s English-language films 1975 horror films 1970s pornographic films Pornographic horror films 1970s crime thriller films American pornographic films American crime thriller films Films about organized crime in the United States

511395

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron%20Crawshaw

Baron Crawshaw

Baron Crawshaw, of Crawshaw in the County Palatine of Lancaster and of Whatton in the County of Leicester is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 25 August 1892 for Sir Thomas Brooks, 1st Baronet. He notably served as High Sheriff of Lancashire in 1884. Brooks had already been created a baronet in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom, of Crawshaw Hall and Whatton House, on 9 February 1891. the titles are held by his great-grandson, the fifth Baron, who succeeded his elder brother in 1997. The family seat is Whatton House near Loughborough in Leicestershire. Barons Crawshaw (1892) Thomas Brooks, 1st Baron Crawshaw (15 May 1825 – 5 February 1908) William Brooks, 2nd Baron Crawshaw (16 October 1853 – 19 January 1929) Gerald Beach Brooks, 3rd Baron Crawshaw (1 April 1884 – 21 October 1946) William Michael Clifton Brooks, 4th Baron Crawshaw (25 March 1933 – 7 November 1997) David Gerald Brooks, 5th Baron Crawshaw (born 14 September 1934–) The heir presumptive is the present holder's nephew, Edward Samuel Brooks (b. 1969). Next in line is the present holder's cousin Timothy Allan William Brooks (b. 1962), grandson of Hon. Herbert William Brooks (1890-1974), the younger son of the 2nd Baron. He has a daughter, Sophie (b. 2002) and a son, Rupert James (b. 2003). Coat of arms Notes References Attribution Kidd, Charles & Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990, Baronies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom Noble titles created in 1892

39566552

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leverage%20%28album%29

Leverage (album)

Leverage is the fourth studio album by the German folk metal band Lyriel. Style Among a mix of soft folk rock as well as symphonic metal and Gothic Metal it features a duet with Schandmaul vocalist Thomas Lindner. Leverage contains two songs "The Road Not Taken" and "Parting" that are based on lyrics by Robert Frost and Charlotte Brontë respectively On the extended edition there is a version of "Everything's Coming Up Roses" by Black. Reception Leverage received several positive reviews in Germany, Austria and the United Kingdom. It was however noted that the "album does lose some steam near its conclusion" and that the band should have dared to evolve towards harder metal songs. Metal Hammer Germany criticised also that many songs were drifting off towards "Celtic kitsch", and that Lyriel's new orientation towards Nightwish was only backed up by their instrumental performance but not by the vocals. Track list All music written by Oliver Thierjung, all lyrics written by Linda Laukamp, except where noted. Personnel Lyriel Jessica Thierjung – vocals Tim Sonnenstuhl – guitars Steffen Feldmann – bass Joon Laukamp – violin Oliver Thierjung – guitars Marcus Fidorra – drums Linda Laukamp – cello, backing vocals Additional personnel Stefan Grawe – piano on "Wenn die Engel Fallen" Thomas Lindner – vocals on "Wenn die Engel Fallen" Sebastian Sonntag – vocals on "Voices in My Head" Hiko – cover art, layout Thomas Pleq Johansson – mixing Sinan Muslu – photography Patrick Temme – photography References 2012 albums Lyriel albums AFM Records albums

54701622

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Cameron%20Smail

James Cameron Smail

Dr James Cameron Smail FRSE FRSGS PRSSA CBE LLD (1880-1970) was a Scottish university Principal. Heriot Watt University library is named the Cameron Smail Library in his honour. He wrote extensively on printing and the history of printing. Life He was born in 1886 the son of Adam Smail, a bookseller and stationer in Bruntsfield, living at 18 Spittal Street in Tollcross, Edinburgh. He was privately educated at Daniel Stewart's College in Edinburgh. From 1902 until 1911 he was a school inspector in Ireland. In 1911 he appears to live at 31 Brighton Road in Rathmines on the outskirts of Dublin. From 1911 to 1928 he worked for London County Council. In 1928 he became Principal of Heriot-Watt College and started a major expansion programme. In 1929 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Sir James Alfred Ewing, Richard Stanfield, Francis Gibson Baily and Alfred Archibald Boon. He was a regular attender of meetings. He retired in 1950. In 1951 he was made a member of the Royal Fine Art Commission for Scotland. He died on 26 April 1970. Family In 1908 he married Louisa Florence Davidson. His daughter was Elizabeth Margaret Cameron Smail. Artistic recognition His portrait by Mary Remington is held at Heriot-Watt University. Publications See Some Aspects of Education for the Printing Trade (1937) Technical Education (1946) Scottish Enterprise Printing (1947) James Watt and the Heriot Watt College (1949) Education and Training of Printers (1951) Printing in Scotland 1507-1947 (1963) The Phrenological Museum, Edinburgh (1963) References 1880 births 1970 deaths Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Academics of Heriot-Watt University Scottish non-fiction writers

56666375

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magi%20Gibson

Magi Gibson

Magi Gibson (1953) is a Scottish poet and children's author. Early life and education Gibson was born in Kilsyth, Stirlingshire in 1953. She studied French and German Literature at the University of Glasgow. Career In 2000, Gibson won the Scotland on Sunday/Women 2000 Writing Prize, with her sequence The Senile Dimension, and has also won the Stirling Open Poetry prize. In 2007, she was the Writer in Residence at Glasgow's Gallery of Modern Art. From 2009-2012, Gibson held the position of Makar for the City of Stirling, the first person to hold the title in 500 years. She was a Reader in Residence at Glasgow Women's Library, has been the recipient of three Scottish Arts Council Creative Writing Fellowships, and a Royal Literary Fund Fellowship. As well as poetry, she has published a series of children's novels, Seriously Sassy. Works Poetry collections Graffiti in Red Lipstick Wild Women of a Certain Age Strange Fish (with Helen Lamb) Kicking Back Washing Hugh MacDiarmid's Socks (2017) Poetry pamphlets Premier Results (with Brian Whittingham) Death of a Wife References 1953 births Scottish women poets Alumni of the University of Glasgow Living people

57698423

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie%20Swan%20Coburn

Annie Swan Coburn

Annie Swan Coburn (1856–1932) was an American art collector and patron. She collected American art and French Impressionist paintings. Upon her death she left artworks to the Art Institute of Chicago, the Fogg Museum at Harvard University, and Smith College. The Art Institute received more than one hundred works of art. Life Swan was born in Fremont, Illinois in 1856. In 1880 she married Lewis Larned Coburn. Lewis Larned Coburn died in 1910 and at that time Annie Swan Coburn began collecting art. She exhibited her collection in her apartment in the Blackstone Hotel, filling up much of the available space, including storing Vincent van Gogh's Sunny Midi, Arles under her bed. She died in Chicago in 1932. Legacy Upon her death she left artworks to the Art Institute of Chicago, the Fogg Museum at Harvard University, and Smith College. The "Coburn Renoirs" became the core of the Art Institute's Impressionist painting collection. Selections of paintings donated to the Art Institute of Chicago Paintings donated by Mrs. Lewis Larned (Annie Swan) Coburn in the public domain and for which pictures are available. References 1856 births 1932 deaths American art collectors People from Chicago

39946172

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauteraar%20Hut

Lauteraar Hut

The Lauteraar Hut (German: Lauteraarhütte) is a mountain hut of the Swiss Alpine Club, located south-west of Handegg in the canton of Bern. The hut lies at a height of above sea level, above the Unteraar Glacier, at the foot of the Hienderstock in the Bernese Alps. The shortest access to the hut is from the Grimsel Hospice, below the Grimsel Pass. References Swisstopo topographic maps External links Official website Mountain huts in Switzerland Buildings and structures in the canton of Bern Mountain huts in the Alps

65717882

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fr%C9%99b%2C%20Lachin

Ərəb, Lachin

Ərəb () is a village in the Lachin District of Azerbaijan. References Villages in Azerbaijan Populated places in Lachin District

62710149

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irago%20T%C5%8Ddai-ji%20Tile%20Kiln%20ruins

Irago Tōdai-ji Tile Kiln ruins

The is an archaeological site containing the remnants of a number of Anagama kilns, from which the roof tiles for the Kamakura period reconstruction of the temple of Tōdai-ji in Nara were made. The site is located in the Irago neighborhood of the city of Tahara, Aichi Prefecture in the Tōkai region of Japan. It was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1967. Overview In 1180 AD, during the Genpei War of the late Heian period, the great temple of Tōdai-ji was burned down by Heike forces. The temple was rebuilt by the Kamakura shogunate in 1195 AD. During the construction of the Hatsutachiike irrigation dam at the tip of Atsumi Peninsula in 1966, the remnants of a kiln were discovered. This lent evidence to local legend that the tiles for the temple of Tōdai-ji had been produced from clay in this area. Further investigation of shards found at the site, as well as earlier finds from the Edo period in this neighborhood, revealed a number of ink markings and inscriptions which were identical to markings on existing tiles preserved at Tōdai-ji. A more detailed archaeological excavation revealed that the site consisted of three noborigama-style kilns and one flat kiln. The kilns were from 11.5 to 12.3 meters in length, and had a maximum width of 2.5 meters. Excavated items are now displayed at the Folklore Museum of Tahara City. The site is located a 20-minute walk from the "Kameyama Nishi" bus stop on the Toyotetsu Bus from the Mikawa Tahara Station on the Toyohashi Railroad Atsumi Line. See also List of Historic Sites of Japan (Aichi) References External links Tahara city museum official site Tahara tourist information site Kamakura period Tahara, Aichi Historic Sites of Japan History of Aichi Prefecture Mikawa Province Japanese pottery kiln sites

4842418

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias%20Gabriel%20Galvan

Elias Gabriel Galvan

Elias Gabriel Galvan (born 9 April 1938) is a retired Mexican-American Bishop of the United Methodist Church, elected in 1984. Birth and family Galvan was born into a Methodist parsonage in San Juan Acozac, Puebla, Mexico. Elias married Zoraida Freytes (a native of Puerto Rico, also raised in a United Methodist parsonage) 12 July 1986. They have one daughter, Hope, born 20 September 1988. Education Galvan attended high school at the Instituteo Mexicano Madero in Puebla, a Methodist boarding school. On a scholarship from the Spanish-American Institute, a United Methodist institution related to the (former) Southern California-Arizona Annual Conference, he attended Compton Junior College, later earning a B.A. degree from California State University at Long Beach. He then earned a Rel.D. degree at the School of Theology at Claremont. Ordained ministry Elias was ordained a deacon and became a Probationary Member of the Southern California-Arizona Conference of the Methodist Church in 1964. He was received into Full Connection and ordained an elder in 1970. As a pastor, Rev. Galvan served the following appointments in the Southern California-Arizona Conference: Asbury Church (Associate) and as pastor of the City Terrace Church, and of the Church of All Nations in Los Angeles. He then served as director of ethnic planning and strategy (1971–74). He then was appointed superintendent of the Santa Barbara District (1974–79, also serving two years as dean of the cabinet). He became the conference council director in 1980, which position he held until elected to the episcopacy in 1984. Ministry in the Greater Church Dr. Galvan was elected a delegate to U.M. General and Jurisdictional Conferences, 1972-84 (serving as chairperson of one of the Legislative Committees in 1972). He served on the General Commission on Religion and Race (1972–76), the General Council on Finance and Administration (1976–84; chairing the Council's Division on Administrative Services, 1980–84). During 1983-84 Dr. Galvan served as president of the Southern California Ecumenical Council. He has also been very active in the Hispanic Caucus of the former Pacific and Southwest Annual Conference, and of the M.A.R.C.H.A. national U.M. Hispanic caucus, of which he was the first chairperson of its coordinating committee. Episcopal ministry Dr. Galvan was elected bishop by the Western Jurisdictional Conference of the U.M. Church. He was assigned to the Phoenix Episcopal Area (Desert Southwest Annual Conference), which was formed by the Jurisdiction in 1984. He was succeeded by Bishop William W. Dew Jr in 1992. As a bishop he served on the General Council on Ministries (1984–88), the General Board of Discipleship (1989–92), the General Board of Global Ministries (1992-2000), and President of the College of Bishops of the Western Jurisdiction in 1989. He has also served as a Trustee of the School of Theology at Claremont (1985- ). Bishop Galvan was also appointed by the Council of Bishops to Chair the Committee to Develop a National Plan for Hispanic Ministries for the 1989-92 quadrennium. Bishop Galvan retired from the active episcopacy 1 September 2004. References InfoServ, the official information service of The United Methodist Church. The Council of Bishops of the United Methodist Church See also List of bishops of the United Methodist Church 1938 births Living people Mexican emigrants to the United States Mexican-American history American United Methodist bishops

43500287

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bollor%C3%A9%20%28surname%29

Bolloré (surname)

Bolloré is a surname derived from bod which means bush and lore which means laurel in Breton. Notable people with the surname include: Gwenn-Aël Bolloré (1925–2001), French soldier, businessman, author, and publisher Thierry Bolloré (born 1963), French executive Vincent Bolloré (born 1952), French industrialist, corporate raider and businessman Yannick Bolloré (born 1980), French businessman, son of Vincent Bolloré Breton-language surnames

26362306

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A2rl%C4%83deanu

Bârlădeanu

Bârlădeanu or Bîrlădeanu is a Romanian surname which can refer to: Alexandru Bârlădeanu (1911–1997), a Romanian economist and politician Corneliu Barladeanu (born 1966), a Romanian orthodox bishop George Bârlădeanu (born 1988), a Romanian soccer player Ion Bîrlădeanu (born 1958), a Romanian sprint canoer Ion Bârlădeanu (sometimes spelled Bîrlădeanu) (born 1946), a Romanian collage artist Monica Bârlădeanu (born 1978), a Romanian actress Romanian-language surnames

23657628

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel%20Romero

Miguel Romero

Miguel Alberto Romero Lugo (born February 17, 1970) is a Puerto Rican lawyer, who is the current Mayor of San Juan. He was also Secretary of Labor and Human Resources of Puerto Rico (2009–2012) and former Chief of Staff of Puerto Rico during Governor Luis Fortuño's administration (2012–2013) and senator for the San Juan District (2017–2020). Early life and education Romero was born on February 17, 1970, in San Juan, Puerto Rico. At the age of 17, he was admitted to the University of Puerto Rico were he pursue a Bachelor of Arts in Social Science. While going to college, he also attended hospitality school where he learned the skills he would later use in his union job as a casino croupier, a position that provided his first exposure to collective bargaining agreements. Later, on 1999, he obtained a J.D. degree from the Inter American University of Puerto Rico School of Law, where he graduated summa cum laude and top in his class. After graduation, he obtained the highest grade (100%) in the PR Bar Exam. Romero Lugo was also admitted to practice law in the state of Florida, the Federal Court in Puerto Rico, the Central Florida Federal Court and the Supreme Court of the United States. Early career He joined the Government of Puerto Rico in 1993, working for the Youth Affairs Office. Then he moved up to La Fortaleza – the Governor's Mansion – where he worked in the Municipal Affairs Office during the day, while earning a J.D. degree from the Interamerican University of Puerto Rico School of Law in the evenings. In 1998, then-Governor Pedro Rosselló nominated Romero as associate member of the Appellate Board of the government's personnel administration system. Two years later, he was designated president of that entity, serving in that capacity until 2004, being the youngest member of the cabinet at the time of his nomination. Romero then practiced as a private trial lawyer, specializing in labor relations. Secretary of Labor and Human Resources In November 2008, former Governor of Puerto Rico, Hon. Luis Fortuño, nominated him as Secretary of Labor and Human Resources. He was sworn into his post in January 2009, and assumed several responsibilities that denote his leadership, character and commitment as a public servant. Romero successfully mediated disputes and spearheaded many negotiations with Labor Unions improving the conditions of Puerto Rico's workforce. While being in office Romero was active in several Government of Puerto Rico boards, including the State Insurance Fund Corporation, the Public Housing Administration, the Cooperative Development Commission, the Work Investment Act State Board, and the Fiscal and Economic Stabilization board. Additionally, he was one of only five government officials that make up the council in charge of reorganizing and modernizing the Executive Branch of Puerto Rico. Because of his leadership the Governor of Puerto Rico also entrusted Romero with the task of solving all current tribulations affecting the government's retirement system by naming him chair of the Commission to Reform the Government of Puerto Rico Retirement Systems. On August 2012, Romero was appointed chief of staff by Governor Fortuño. Chief of Staff of Puerto Rico On August 1, 2012, Romero became the Governor's third Chief of Staff, succeeding Marcos Rodríguez Ema, who became one of Senior Advisor to the Luis Fortuño reelection campaign. The differences in style with his predecessor became readily apparent when he announced that he will concentrate on government issues and avoid becoming immersed in political debate. National politics Romero, a Democrat, served as a delegate to the 2012 Democratic National Convention in Charlotte, North Carolina, representing the San Juan Senatorial District. On 2016, he also served as a delegate for the 2016 Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia Pennsylvania, representing the San Juan Senatorial District. Tenure as Mayor For the 2020 San Juan, Puerto Rico mayoral election, held on November 3, Miguel Romero-Lugo ran and was elected the elected mayor of San Juan, the capital of Puerto Rico, after defeating Manuel Natal Albelo of the Citizen's Victory Movement Party by a margin of 3,465 votes. Natal challenged the results in court arguing the process for early voting was marred with inconsistencies and asked for a new election for unit 77. Romero was sworn in and assumed office on January 11, 2021. On March 29 a judge dismissed Natal's case resulting in no new election for unit 77. In 2021 the mayor assigned a budget 3.9% higher than the year before for fiscal year 2021-2022. The mayor has indicated that due to $156 million of debt the municipality would sell public properties. References External links Puerto Rico Department of Labor and Human Resources Government of Puerto Rico 1970 births Chiefs of Staff of Puerto Rico Living people Members of the 15th Cabinet of Puerto Rico Puerto Rican lawyers Secretaries of Labor and Human Resources of Puerto Rico University of Puerto Rico alumni

24130138

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veletiny

Veletiny

Veletiny is a municipality and village in Uherské Hradiště District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants. Veletiny lies approximately south-east of Uherské Hradiště, south of Zlín, and south-east of Prague. Sights A locality called Veletiny-Stará hora is known for the vineyard buildings of folk architecture – búdy, which are above-ground cellars and presses. The area is protected by law as a village monument reservation. References Villages in Uherské Hradiště District Moravian Slovakia

59214005

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gusevsky%2C%20Vladimir%20Oblast

Gusevsky, Vladimir Oblast

Gusevsky () is an urban locality (urban-type settlement) under the administrative jurisdiction of the town of krai significance of Gus-Khrustalny of Vladimir Oblast, Russia. Population: References Notes Sources Urban-type settlements in Vladimir Oblast

5361690

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FLEX%20%28satellite%29

FLEX (satellite)

The FLuorescence EXplorer (FLEX) is a planned mission by the European Space Agency to launch a satellite to monitor the global steady-state chlorophyll fluorescence in terrestrial vegetation. FLEX was selected for funding on 19 November 2015 and will be launched on a Vega C rocket from Guiana Space Centre in mid-2025. Overview The FLuorescence EXplorer (FLEX) mission is the eighth mission in the Earth Explorer programme, (part of ESA's Living Planet Programme). It comprises a satellite for the global monitoring of steady-state chlorophyll fluorescence in terrestrial vegetation. Leaf photosynthesis releases energy not required in the biochemical process in the form of light in wavelength between 640 and 800 nanometres. After more than 70 years of basic and applied research in chlorophyll fluorescence, it is now established that fluorescence is a sensitive indicator of photosynthesis in both healthy and physiologically perturbed vegetation that can be used to monitor croplands and forests. Fluorescence is a powerful non-invasive tool to track the status, resilience, and recovery of photochemical processes, and provides important information on overall photosynthetic performance with implications for related carbon sequestration. The early responsiveness of fluorescence to atmospheric, soil and plant water balance, as well as to atmospheric chemistry and human intervention in land usage, makes it a useful biological indicator in improving the understanding of Earth system dynamics. FLEX will encompass a three-instrument array for measurement of the interrelated features of fluorescence, hyperspectral reflectance, and canopy temperature. The program will involve a space and ground-measurement program of 3-years duration and will provide data formats for research and applied science. See also Photosynthetic efficiency Phototroph References External links FLEX - Report to ESA for mission selection Workshops on the FLEX mission: 2007, 2010, 2014 FLEX Photosynthesis Study FLEX Bridge Study Fluorescence Ecological metrics Earth observation satellites of the European Space Agency 2025 in spaceflight Proposed satellites Spectrometers

34705336

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juanpe%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201990%29

Juanpe (footballer, born 1990)

Juan Pedro Berga Garzón (born 6 March 1990 in Palma, Majorca), commonly known as Juanpe, is a Spanish footballer who plays as a forward. References External links 1990 births Living people Footballers from Palma de Mallorca Spanish footballers Association football forwards Segunda División B players Tercera División players UD Alzira footballers Real Balompédica Linense footballers CD Llosetense players CD Atlético Baleares footballers CE Constància players Slovak Super Liga players 1. FC Tatran Prešov players MFK Zemplín Michalovce players Spanish expatriate footballers Expatriate footballers in Slovakia Spanish expatriate sportspeople in Slovakia

4959550

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20States%20African%20Development%20Foundation

United States African Development Foundation

The United States African Development Foundation (USADF) is an independent United States government agency that provides grants of up to $250,000 for operational assistance, enterprise expansion and market linkage to early stage agriculture, energy, and youth-led enterprises that benefit underserved communities in Sub-Saharan Africa. The U.S. African Development Foundation measures grant success in terms of jobs created and sustained, increased income and food security levels, and improved social conditions. In 2016 The U.S. African Development Foundation was given $30 million for new project grants in 20 countries, with an active portfolio of $53 million invested in 500 enterprises. In 2016, U.S. African Development Foundation grants benefited 1,200,000 livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa, 54% of which are women. History Created by an Act of Congress in 1980, the African Development Foundation began program operations in 1984. It has since provided financing to more than 1,700 small enterprises and community-based organizations. The budget of the U.S. African Development Foundation is funded through annual United States government appropriations for foreign operations. The U.S. African Development Foundation is governed by a board of directors that includes seven members who are nominated by the President of the United States, confirmed by the United States Senate, and operated by a President/CEO. Operations The U.S. African Development Foundation operates in Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe and has reach in over 30 countries with its grants program to youth-led enterprises. In 2005, the United States Office of Management and Budget rated the U.S. African Development Foundation's programs fully effective under its Performance Assessment Rating Tool program, an efficiency recognition that has been accorded to less than ten percent of United States Government grant-making programs. The U.S. African Development Foundation receives most of its programming resources from the United States government, but the U.S. African Development Foundation has a unique co-funding platform with host African governments, private U.S. corporations, and donors. In 2011, the U.S. African Development Foundation launched a food security and resilience program for pastoralist communities in the Turkana region of northern Kenya and a special food security project in the Sahel region of West Africa in 2012. In 2016, U.S. African Development Foundation launched a program aimed at improving food security and economic livelihoods in the Bukavu region of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). In Somalia, U.S. African Development Foundation began operations, through a local technical partner, in 2011 to provide vocational and job skills training to unemployed youth, since impacting over 5,000 Somali youth. Programs The U.S. African Development Foundation’s foreign assistance in Africa is an investment in local economic development for peace and security today and prosperous U.S. trading partners tomorrow. The U.S. African Development Foundation invests directly, providing seed capital and local technical support to early stage agriculture, energy and youth-led enterprises in Africa. U.S. African Development Foundation programs are designed to reach poor and vulnerable populations such as post-conflict communities, smallholder farmers, women and girls, youth, and persons with disabilities. Local African staff and technical partners provide on the ground oversight and technical expertise, growing and expanding community enterprise which ensures security, stability and prosperity. Enterprise Expansion Grants Enterprise expansion grants provide assistance for cooperatives, farmer associations, community groups, enterprises, or businesses that have developed a plan for expansion and linkages to new markets or follow-on financing. The grants came amount to up to $250,000 and can last for up to five years. Applications for grants are reviewed by the U.S. African Development Foundation Country Program Coordinator of that country. If a business or organization receives funding from the U.S. African Development Foundation, it is eligible to work with technical partner organizations that will help them turn their plan into a reality by providing technical, governance and financial support or assistance. Operational Assistance Grants Operational assistance grants offer funding for preexisting cooperatives, farmer associations, community groups, enterprises, or businesses who plan to engage in technical, managerial, organizational improvements. The grants can be up to $100,000 over two years. Capacity Building The U.S. African Development Foundation apportions significant amounts of money for organizations that deliver technical, organizational, managerial services to businesses and organizations that receive funding from the U.S. African Development Foundation. The U.S. African Development Foundation believes that grant recipients will better utilize funding if they have the best technical, organizational, managerial, leadership skills possible. Organizations that help build capacity in local communities, or other local organizations are also eligible for grants from the U.S. African Development Foundation. The U.S. African Development Foundation believes these organizations help ensure the success of the initiatives that the U.S. African Development Foundation sponsors. See also Title 22 of the Code of Federal Regulations References and notes External links African Development Fund website Independent agencies of the United States government

48003966

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belle%20Starr%27s%20Daughter

Belle Starr's Daughter

Belle Starr's Daughter is a 1948 American Western film directed by Lesley Selander and written by W. R. Burnett. The film stars George Montgomery, Rod Cameron, and Ruth Roman in her first leading role. The supporting cast features Wallace Ford, Charles Kemper, Edith King and William Edward Phipps. The film was released on December 31, 1948, by 20th Century Fox. Plot After the town marshal of Antioch is shot by Bob Yauntis, the newly appointed Tom Jackson sets out to apprehend the killer. But when he and his posse get to the ranch of bandit queen Belle Starr, they discover her dead body and the house on fire. Seeing this from a distance, Belle's daughter Rose mistakenly concludes Marshal Jackson killed her mother. Rose works as a waitress and Jackson attempts to romance her, but she is cold to his advances. Rose begins pulling off robberies along with Bob, who shoots the ranch's foreman, Lafe Bailey and attempts to avoid detection as a ruthless outlaw called "Bitter Creek" who is being sought by lawmen. Bob eventually turns his wrath on Rose, striking her and holding her captive. Rose escapes and turns to Jackson, who is in love with her. After being taken into custody, Bob is able to wing Jackson with a concealed weapon, whereupon Jackson shoots him dead. Cast References External links 1948 films American films 1940s English-language films 20th Century Fox films American Western (genre) films 1948 Western (genre) films Films directed by Lesley Selander American black-and-white films

42128030

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabrina%20Impacciatore

Sabrina Impacciatore

Sabrina Impacciatore (born 29 March 1968) is an Italian actress and comedian. Life and career Born in Rome to parents from Abruzzo and Sardinia, Impacciatore studied acting at the Actors Studio in New York and enrolled several other acting courses in Rome. She debuted as a comedian in the Gianni Boncompagni's television shows Non è la Rai and Macao. She also appeared as an impersonator in several variety shows. Impacciatore made her film debut in 1999, in Francesco Maselli's Il compagno. In 2007 she was nominated to David di Donatello for Best Supporting Actress thanks to her performance in Paolo Virzì's Napoleon and Me, and one year later she received a second nomination to the same award for Wilma Labate's Miss F. References External links Italian film actresses Italian television actresses Italian stage actresses 21st-century Italian actresses 1968 births Actresses from Rome Living people Italian comedians People of Abruzzese descent Italian television personalities Actors Studio alumni

27390219

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard%20Smith%20%28actor%29

Howard Smith (actor)

Howard Irving Smith (August 12, 1893 – January 10, 1968) was an American character actor with a 50-year career in vaudeville, theatre, radio, films and television. In 1938, he performed in Orson Welles's short-lived stage production and once-lost film, Too Much Johnson, and in the celebrated radio production, "The War of the Worlds". He portrayed Charley in the original Broadway production of Death of a Salesman and recreated the role in the 1951 film version. On television, Smith portrayed the gruff Harvey Griffin in the situation comedy, Hazel. Biography Howard Irving Smith was born August 12, 1893, in Attleboro, Massachusetts, to parents George H. Smith and Sybelle Pollard Smith. Smith began as a concert singer, but his hopes of an opera career were ended after his service in the 77th Infantry Division in World War I. Enrico Caruso suggested that he try a musical act in vaudeville. He formed a team with his friend Harry Meeker and later, as a comedian, he shared bills with Frank Fay, Sophie Tucker, James Barton and Bessie Clayton. In 1928, with big-time vaudeville ending, Smith landed a job on radio's popular The Collier Hour, and received $35 for three minutes work. His radio career continued with The March of Time, Cavalcade of America, Forty Minutes in Hollywood and Crime Doctor. Smith created the role of Sergeant Velie in The Adventures of Ellery Queen. He played the role of Will Brown, Homer's father, on radio's The Aldrich Family and later reprised the role on the NBC television series. A member of the repertory company of Orson Welles's CBS Radio series The Mercury Theatre on the Air and The Campbell Playhouse, Smith played the role of the ill-fated bomber commander in the 1938 production of "The War of the Worlds". Smith appears as Cuban plantation owner Joseph Johnson in Welles's rediscovered film Too Much Johnson — slapstick sequences that were to be integrated into a theatre production that was briefly staged in August 1938 before it was shelved. After New York stage appearances in Solitaire, Decision and Dear Ruth, Smith created the role of Charley in the original Broadway production of Death of a Salesman. He may be best remembered for his recreation of the role in the 1951 screen version. His other film credits include Kiss of Death, Call Northside 777, The Street with No Name, State of the Union, A Face in the Crowd and No Time for Sergeants. He made his film debut in 1918, in Young America. On television, Smith played the overbearing boss Oliver Misrell in The Twilight Zone first-season episode, "A Stop at Willoughby" (1960), and also appeared in the 1962 episode, "Cavender Is Coming". In 1962, he was cast in the Perry Mason season six episode, "The Case of the Unsuitable Uncle", as character Frank Warden. He was regularly featured on the 1960s TV series Hazel, as George Baxter's gruff client Harvey "Harv" Griffin. His wife, actress and singer Lillian Boardman, died in 1953. Smith died January 10, 1968, in Hollywood, following a heart attack. He was cremated and his ashes are buried at Kensico Cemetery in Valhalla, New York. Partial filmography Young America (1918) as Jack Doray Too Much Johnson (1938) – Joseph Johnson Her Kind of Man (1946) – Bill Fellows Kiss of Death (1947) – Warden Call Northside 777 (1948) – K.L. Palmer State of the Union (1948) – Sam I. Parrish The Street with No Name (1948) – Commissioner Ralph Demory Cry Murder (1950) – Sen. Alden Death of a Salesman (1951) – Charley Never Wave at a WAC (1953) – Maj. Gen. Prentiss (uncredited) The Caddy (1953) – Golf Official The Court-Martial of Billy Mitchell (1955) – Committee Chairman (uncredited) A Face in the Crowd (1957) – J.B. Jeffries Don't Go Near the Water (1957) – Adm. Junius Boatwright No Time for Sergeants (1958) – Maj. Gen. Eugene Bush I Bury the Living (1958) – George Kraft Wind Across the Everglades (1958) – George Leggett Face of Fire (1959) – Sheriff Nolan Murder, Inc. (1960) – Albert Anastasia The Twilight Zone (1960–1962, TV Series) – Polk / Misrell Hazel (1961–1965, TV Series) – Harvey Griffin Bon Voyage! (1962) – Judge Henderson The Dakotas (1963, TV Series) – Ed Turner The Brass Bottle (1964) – Senator Grindle Vacation Playhouse (1964, TV Series) – T.J. Gittings Green Acres (1966) – Judge Clemens The John Forsythe Show (1966, TV Series) – Oakes The Mystery of the Chinese Junk (1967, TV Series) – Cummings Bewitched (1967, TV Series) – C.L.Morton The Hardy Boys: The Mystery of the Chinese Junk (1967) – Cummings (final film role) References External links 1893 births 1968 deaths 20th-century American male actors American male film actors American male television actors American male radio actors American male stage actors United States Army personnel of World War I People from Attleboro, Massachusetts Vaudeville performers United States Army soldiers

25068482

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.%20Global%20Leadership%20Coalition

U.S. Global Leadership Coalition

The U.S. Global Leadership Coalition (USGLC) is a nonprofit organization formed by a coalition of American businesses and NGOs, senior national security and foreign policy experts, faith-based and community leaders from across the United States who promote increased support for the United States’ diplomatic and development efforts among both politicians and the public. Based in Washington D.C., the USGLC advocates a higher International Affairs Budget in order to enhance national security, forward American business interests, and improve humanitarian assistance around the world through political lobbying. The International Affairs Budget is a component of the U.S. federal budget that funds many U.S. State Department activities and programs, including the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the Peace Corps, the World Bank, aid to Israel, international development programs, and many other civilian-led programs abroad (including civilian reconstruction teams and democratic governance projects in Iraq and Afghanistan). History The USGLC was established in 1995 by Liz Schrayer when a diverse group of companies, NGOs, and foreign policy experts rallied together in response to Congressional funding cuts to the International Affairs Budget. Viewing diplomacy and international development programs as essential to improving national security and creating conditions for business expansion into new and friendly markets, the Coalition sought to engage with Capitol Hill, the White House, and local organizations from across the United States and educate them on the importance of the International Affairs Budget to Americans’ security and prosperity. In July 2009 the primary focus of the USGLC shifted from advocacy toward education. Reflecting this, the organization's name changed to its current: “U.S. Global Leadership Coalition.” The Coalition continues to be involved in 501-c(4) activities, but they comprise a relatively small amount of the overall work done by the organization. The USGLC has expanded significantly since its first national events in the run-up to the 2008 elections. Former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright and former Secretary of Defense Frank Carlucci signed on as National Co-Chairs and launched the effort at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce in July 2007. It now has field offices in South Carolina, Texas and Colorado. It plays an active role in key states nationwide by hosting political candidates and bringing together prominent political, business, and community leaders to discuss how federal diplomacy and development programs abroad benefited their local economy. Leadership Numerous prominent business and philanthropic leaders serve on the USGLC’s Leadership Boards. Members have been described as “strange bedfellows” for the breadth of political backgrounds included, as well as prominent corporate and charitable personalities. The Coalition maintains three Advisory Councils. The policy council is composed of former members of Congress and Cabinet officials who advanced American global engagement during their careers. It includes every living former Secretary of State since Henry Kissinger, from both sides of the aisle. The National Security Advisory Council includes 160 retired three and four-starred generals and admirals representing all five branches of the Armed Forces who support diplomatic and development spending, alongside defense. The Business Advisory Council is chaired by Christopher Policinski. Jason Gross became Executive Director in 2016. Liz Schrayer remains the President & CEO. Mission The USGLC describes its mission as supporting, “a smart power approach of elevating diplomacy and development alongside defense in order to build a better, safer world.” The three key reason it identifies to support this goal are enhancing national security and fighting terrorism, building economic prosperity and developing international markets; and strengthening humanitarian values by fighting disease, reducing hunger, expanding educational opportunities and strengthening democratic institutions globally. These goals are achieved through a combination of advocacy and education efforts. Political Campaign During the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election, the USGLC ran a campaign entitled “Impact `08: Building a Better, Safer World” to engage with each campaign and with voters and shine the spotlight on the International Affairs Budget. Impact `08 held events throughout the country (particularly in Iowa, New Hampshire, Ohio, and other battlegrounds) that brought together each state’s most prominent political, business, and community leaders to discuss specifically how federal diplomacy and development programs abroad benefited their local economy. Since 2008, the USGLC leadership also met with senior figures on every candidate’s campaign pressing them to provide a more detailed plan on foreign policy and the role of development and serving as a resource for campaigns’ questions regarding the International Affairs Budget. The Coalition also hosted a series on “Salon Dinners” during the election with policy and journalist elites to discuss the role of diplomacy and development in the forthcoming Presidency. Attendees included Colin Powell, Bill Gates and Tom Daschle. Putting Smart Power to Work After the 2008 Election, the U.S. Global Leadership Coalition launched “Putting Smart Power to Work,” an initiative to work at both the grassroots level and directly with members of Congress in prioritizing and expanding the International Affairs Budget during the Obama Administration. The Coalition has continued to expand its grassroots network to develop a stronger voice amongst politicians’ constituents and meets frequently with members of Congress and the Obama Administration. As part of “Putting Smart Power to Work,” the USGLC announced that it is partnering with numerous veterans groups under the banner of “Veterans for Smart Power” to encourage veterans to voice their support for civilian programs that complement the military’s efforts abroad. Global Plum Book The same day that the government published its “Plum Book” listing of available jobs for the incoming Administration, the USGLC released the “Global Plum Book,” a document that cataloged the top 100 positions across the new Obama Administration that would strongly impact the policies and programs for development and diplomacy. The Coalition identified hundreds of Democrats and Republicans that could potentially fill these positions and held meetings with these individuals to educate them on the Coalition’s priorities. The book was released during a widely attended forum on the transition moderated by Jim Lehrer of the PBS NewsHour. References Organizations established in 1995 Political advocacy groups in the United States Non-profit organizations based in Washington, D.C. Nonpartisan organizations in the United States Foreign policy political advocacy groups in the United States Economic advocacy groups in the United States Foreign policy lobbying organizations in the United States

205751

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81keh%C4%81

Pākehā

Pākehā (or Pakeha; ; ) is generally a Māori-language term for New Zealanders primarily of European descent. Pākehā is not a legal concept and has no definition under New Zealand law. The term can apply to fair-skinned persons, or to any non-Māori New Zealander. Papa'a has a similar meaning in Cook Islands Māori. Historically before the arrival of other ethnic groups the word Māori meant 'ordinary' or 'normal'. The arrival of Europeans lead to the formation of a new term to distinguish the self-regarded 'ordinary' or 'normal' Māori from the new arrivals. The etymology of the word pākehā remains unclear, but the term was in use by the late-18th century. In December 1814 the Māori children at Rangihoua in the Bay of Islands were "no less eager to see the packaha than the grown folks". In Māori, plural noun-phrases of the term include (the definite article) and (the indefinite article). When the word was first adopted into English, the usual plural was "pakehas". However, speakers of New Zealand English are increasingly removing the terminal "s" and treating the term as a collective noun. Opinions of the term vary amongst European New Zealanders. A survey of 6,507 New Zealanders in 2009 showed no support for the claim that the term "Pākehā" is associated with a negative evaluation. However, some reject it on the ground that they claim it is offensive, or they object to being named in a language other than their own. In 2013 the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study carried out by the University of Auckland found no evidence that the word was widely considered to be derogatory; however, only 12 per cent of New Zealanders of European descent actively chose to be identified by the term, with the remainder preferring "New Zealander" (53 per cent), "New Zealand European" (25 per cent) and/or "Kiwi" (17 per cent). Meaning The Oxford general English language dictionary defines pākehā as 'a white New Zealander', The Oxford Dictionary of New Zealandisms (2010) defines pākehā as a noun '''a light-skinned non-Polynesian New Zealander, especially one of British birth or ancestry as distinct from a Māori; a European or white person'; and as an adjective 'of or relating to Pākehā; non-Māori; European, white'. Māori in the Bay of Islands and surrounding districts had no doubts about the meaning of the word in the 19th century. In 1831, thirteen from the Far North met at Kerikeri to compose a letter to King William IV, seeking protection from the French, "the tribe of Marion". Written in Māori, the letter used the word "" to mean "British European", and the words to mean "strangers (non-British)"—as shown in the translation that year of the letter from Māori to English by the missionary William Yate. To this day, the Māori term for the English language is "". Māori also used other terms such as ("supernatural", "object of fear, strange being"), ("ghosts"), and ("metal" or referring to persons "foreign") to refer to some of the earliest visitors. However, The Concise Māori Dictionary (Kāretu, 1990) defines the word pākehā as "foreign, foreigner (usually applied to white person)", while the English–Māori, Māori–English Dictionary (Biggs, 1990) defines Pākehā as "white (person)". Sometimes the term applies more widely to include all non-Māori. No Māori dictionary cites as derogatory. Some early Pākehā settlers who lived among Māori and adopted aspects of Māoritanga became known as "Pākehā Māori". Etymology The etymology of is unknown, although the most likely sources are the words or , which refer to an oral tale of a "mythical, human like being, with fair skin and hair who possessed canoes made of reeds which changed magically into sailing vessels". When Europeans first arrived they rowed to shore in longboats, facing backwards. In traditional Māori canoes or "", paddlers face the direction of travel. This is supposed to have led to the belief that the sailors were supernatural beings. In her book The Trial of the Cannibal Dog: The Remarkable Story of Captain Cook's Encounters in the South Seas, the anthropologist Anne Salmond recorded that tribal traditions held that Toiroa, a tohunga from Mahia, had predicted the coming of the Europeans. He said "", meaning "it is the pakerewhā", red and white strangers.The Trial of the Cannibal Dog: The Remarkable Story of Captain Cook's Encounters in the South Seas, by Anne Salmond, Chapter 7, "Travellers from Hawaiki". There have been several dubious interpretations given to the word. One claims that it derives from , the Māori word for "pig", and , one of the Māori words for "flea", and therefore expresses derogatory implications. There is no etymological support for this notion—like all Polynesian languages, Māori is generally very conservative in terms of vowels; it would be extremely unusual for pā- to derive from . The word itself may come from the proto-Polynesian root *puaka, known in every Polynesian language (" in Tongan, Uvean, Futunian, Rapa, Marquisian, Niuean, Rarotongan, Tokelauan, and Tuvaluan; it evolved to the later form in Samoan, Tahitian, some Rapa dialects, and Hawaiian); or it might be borrowed or mixed with the English "porker". It is hard to say, since Polynesian peoples populated their islands bringing pigs with them from East Asia, but no pigs were brought to Aotearoa by them. The more common Māori word for flea is . It is also sometimes claimed that means "white pig" or "unwelcome white stranger". However, no part of the word signifies "pig", "white", "unwelcome", or "stranger". Attitudes to the term New Zealanders of European ancestry vary in their attitudes toward the word when applied to themselves. Some embrace it wholeheartedly as a sign of their connection to New Zealand, in contrast to the European identity of their forebears. Others object to the word, some strongly, saying it is offensive in origin, claiming it to be derogatory or to carry implications of being an outsider, although this is often based on false information about the meaning of the term. Some believe being labelled "" compromises their status and their birthright links to New Zealand. In the 1986 census, over 36,000 respondents ignored the ethnicities offered, including "", writing-in their ethnicity as "New Zealander", or ignoring the question completely. A joint response code of "NZ European or Pakeha" was tried in the 1996 census, but was replaced by "New Zealand European" in later censuses because it drew what Statistics New Zealand described as a "significant adverse reaction from some respondents". Sociologist Paul Spoonley criticised the new version, however, saying that many would not identify as European. The term is also sometimes used among New Zealanders of European ancestry in distinction to the Māori term ("foreigner"), as an act of emphasising their claims of belonging to the space of New Zealand in contrast to more recent arrivals. Those who prefer to emphasise nationality rather than ethnicity in relating to others living in New Zealand may refer to all New Zealand citizens only as "New Zealanders" or by the colloquial term "Kiwis". The term is commonly used by a range of journalists and columnists from The New Zealand Herald, the country's largest-circulation daily newspaper. Historian Judith Binney called herself a and said, "I think it is the most simple and practical term. It is a name given to us by Māori. It has no pejorative associations like people think it does—it's a descriptive term. I think it's nice to have a name the people who live here gave you, because that's what I am." New Zealand writer and historian Michael King wrote in 1985: "To say something is Pakeha in character is not to diminish its New Zealand-ness, as some people imply. It is to emphasise it." New Zealand politicians from across the political spectrum use the term, including Don Brash, John Key, Helen Clark, and Te Ururoa Flavell. See also European New Zealanders Europeans in Oceania Gaijin Gweilo Haole, the analogous Hawaiian term Palagi, a term in Samoan sometimes used to describe foreigners Pākehā settlers References Further reading Hoani Nahe, "The Origins of the Words 'Pakeha' and 'Kaipuke, Journal of the Polynesian Society'', vol. 3, December 1894 External links New Zealand society Māori words and phrases Ethno-cultural designations European New Zealander White culture in Oceania

15502142

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chervettes

Chervettes

Chervettes is a former commune in the Charente-Maritime department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in southwestern France. On 1 January 2018, it was merged into the new commune of La Devise. Population Geography The commune was located near Surgères, Rochefort, and Saint-Jean-d'Angély. Neighboring communes Puyrolland History An old viticultural commune, Chervettes was marked by an old viticultural properties with a closed heart. Since the outbreak of phylloxera at the end of the 19th century, the commune subsisted three small areas of winery. The church known as Notre-Dame-de-l’Assumption was first constructed in the 15th century. Around the commune, Chiron features an 18th-century built mill. See also Communes of the Charente-Maritime department References Former communes of Charente-Maritime Populated places disestablished in 2018

27629374

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS%20Kenton

SS Kenton

A number of steamships have been named Kenton. , a British cargo ship torpedoed and sunk in 1941 , a British cargo ship in service 1947–50 Ship names

68242053

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20members%20of%20the%20Senate%20of%20the%20Netherlands%2C%202019%E2%80%93present

List of members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 2019–present

This is the list of members of the Senate of the Netherlands since 11 June 2019, elected in the 2019 Dutch Senate election. Members References 2019-present

50815389

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumiko%20Goto-Azuma

Kumiko Goto-Azuma

Kumiko Goto-Azuma is an Antarctic palaeoclimatologist and glaciologist and Director of the Ice Core Research Center at the National Institute of Polar Research, Japan. Early life and education Goto-Azuma obtained her D. Eng in March 1986 from Hokkaido University. Career and impact Goto-Azuma has analysed ice cores from both polar regions and participated in Antarctic research expeditions to study the deep ice cores drilled at Dome Fuji. She analyses Arctic and Antarctic deep ice cores, with the goal of shedding light on the mechanism of glacial-interglacial cycles and the mechanisms behind the millennial-scale changes in global climate and environment. Goto-Azuma has served as a Vice-President of the International Association of Cryospheric Sciences and on the Council of the International Glaciological Society. She is on the steering committees of the Japan Consoritum for Arctic Environmental Research, International Partnerships in Ice Core Sciences (IPICS), the committee of the East Greenland Ice-core Project, the Dome Fuji Ice Core Consortium and the Japan Consortium for Arctic Environmental Research. She has been appointed as a Science Adviser of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan as of April 2016. Awards and honours Goto-Azuma was awarded the Hirata Prize of the Japanese Society of Snow and Ice in 1998. She also received a European Commission Marie Curie Fellowship Supporting international mobility and training in Bizkaia (B-MOB). References External links Kumiko Goto-Azuma's webpage Japanese women scientists Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Antarctic scientists Glaciologists Women glaciologists Hokkaido University alumni 20th-century Japanese scientists 21st-century Japanese scientists

37723833

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudd%20Creek%20Pueblo

Rudd Creek Pueblo

The Rudd Creek Pueblo is an archaeological site in the Upper Little Colorado region in Springerville, Arizona just along the boundaries of the Mogollon and Anasazi culture areas. It is a late Tularosa phase site, dating from ca. 1225 to 1300, which is part of the Mogollan tradition, and located directly inside the Sipe White Mountain Wildlife Area. In 1996, the Rudd Creek Archaeological Project, a part of the Arizona State University Archaeological Field School, excavated the site to document the artifacts and architecture, and to observe and keep track the extent of pot hunting at the site, a problematic issue for not only this particular site but for archaeology as a whole. Site and environment Rudd Creek Pueblo sits on a terrace that overlooks Rudd Creek (hence, the name) and is at an elevation of . The site is situated in a transitional area between the White Mountains and the Colorado Plateau and the Little Colorado River Valley. Rudd Creek Pueblo is located in an open valley, but has access to three different microenvironments: the juniper savanna, riparian areas, and the lower montane coniferous forest. The inhabitants of Rudd Creek Pueblo, therefore, had access to a wide variety of flora and fauna and were able to exploit a broad spectrum of resources. Architecture The architecture at Rudd Creek Pueblo is similar to other late Tularosa phase sites in the region, for example Coyote Creek Pueblo and Foote Canyon Pueblo. The site consists of about forty rooms situated inside a sizeable, rectangular shaped masonry roomblock and two large depression areas that are interpreted as being possible locations of great kivas, or ceremonial and ritual centers. The rectangular shaped pueblo is common and indicative of the Mogollon culture, and became common during the Tularosa phase. Most of the rooms that make up Rudd Creek Pueblo have been disturbed by looting and pot hunting, but some still contain undisturbed or “in-situ” fill. Many of the rooms have also been interpreted as probable habitation rooms, containing formal hearths, subfloor pits, and/or mealing bins or as storage rooms with very small floor areas and very few floor features. In addition, a ceremonial room or possible separate structure has been identified (Unit 5) and houses a large raised platform and bench. A circular hearth and ventilator are also present in the center of this room, suggesting that inhabitants may have used this room for rituals or special gatherings. The construction of the walls in the main roomblock is mainly stone, and the walls are generally 20-40 centimeters wide. Despite challenges presented from inadequate wall preservation and damages from pot-hunting, it is thought that brown plaster was initially covering the walls. The interior and exterior surfaces of the walls, however, are not alike. The interior walls consist of unformed limestone, sandstone, and cobbles that are laid in mortar or mud. The exterior walls are built of limestone, sandstone, and vesicular basalt as well as tabular chinking stones. In addition, the exterior walls were more uniform in their construction, while the interior walls appear to be more haphazardly or unsystematically built. This difference is helpful in determining the building sequence of each room. The difference in wall construction indicates that the interior walls were built faster than the exterior walls. The masonry style of the walls at Rudd Creek Pueblo is, as expected, similar to other late Tularosa phase sites. Construction phases There are four separate construction phases identified at Rudd Creek Pueblo. Based on analysis of the ceramic data at Rudd Creek Pueblo, site construction is thought to have begun between AD 1225-1250. The initial construction phase resulted in a single, nuclear unit consisting of small, adjacent rooms. The subsequent middle phases of construction involved the building of new rooms and remodeling of old rooms, including filling doorways, niches, and ventilators. The interior masonry style of the subsequent building phases differs from the initial in that at least one of the interior walls of each room displayed the same planned and organized construction of the exterior surfaces. During the middle phases, rooms were built next to the eastern side of the pueblo. The last building phase took place in the northern area of the roomblock and is believed to have resulted in the construction of the rooms just south of one of the great kivas (Unit 15). Due to excessive looting, determining when construction ended at Rudd Creek Pueblo is difficult, but probably occurred between AD 1250-1300. Great Kivas Limited excavations were done in the two depressions just north and east of the main roomblock, but the areas each appear to be the location of a great kiva, where inhabitants of Rudd Creek Pueblo held ceremonies or ritual gatherings. The fill in the depression just north of the roomblock (Unit 15) yielded large amounts of ash and charred roof beam. Because of excessive looting in this unit, only a slab-lined cist was found in the base. A number of artifacts were found interred on the floor (three bone artifacts, a corrugated jar, two Tularosa Black-on-white jars, a Wingate Black-on-red bowl, an unidentifiable black and white ladle, a two-handed mano, and several mineral fragments) and appear to have been done so intentionally. The combination of these artifacts and the charred roof fragments in the fill lead to the possibility that this kiva was ritually decommissioned. The second depression located just east of the roomblock exposed a probable square and semi-subterranean kiva about thirteen meters long and considerably intact. Wall construction of this kiva is much like the wall construction of the roomblock. Similar to the previous kiva (Unit 15), the fill in this kiva is mostly ash and charred roof bits with only a small percentage of artifacts, leading to the idea that this kiva was burned or ritually decommissioned when abandoned. Similar square kivas have been identified at other late Tularosa sites, such as Coyote Creek and Foote Canyon. Assemblages found Ceramic Assemblage There were 11, 956 ceramic specimens recovered during the excavations at Rudd Creek Pueblo. Nineteen different types of slipped or painted pottery sherds made up one third of the assemblage and the remainder was mainly unpainted brown ware sherds; brown ware pottery is very common in the Mogollon culture trend. The most common types of ceramics represented in the Rudd Creek assemblage are Tularosa Black-on-white, St. John’s Black-on-red, and St. John’s polychrome, which places the assemblage in chronology with other sites from the late-Tularosa phase, although assemblages recovered from sites to the east of Rudd Creek Pueblo differ. Lithic Assemblage The majority of the lithics found at Rudd Creek Pueblo were flaked stone and unretouched, while formal tools that had been carefully produced into an intentional tool, were rare. There were 698 flaked stone artifacts recovered, of which more than 80% were made of high quality silicates (including chert, chalcedony, petrified wood, and quartzite). The majority of these flakes have been identified as simple flakes and are thought to be the result of percussion reduction, or the product of producing flakes by direct impact. As for formal tools, only a small number were recovered during excavation. Six unifaces, five bifaces, eleven saws/denticulates, and eleven projectile points were found and are similar to the tools documented at other Tularosa phase sites. One room (Unit 6) yielded an unusual cache of stone tools in a closed floor pit. The cache consisted of a biface, three projectile points, and one red stone bead. The purpose of the cache is not known, but it has been interpreted that Rudd Creek Pueblo occupants might have gathered the tools from an adjacent area and kept them for ceremonial uses or out of curiosity. The large number of flaked stone in combination with few formal tools suggests that residents of the pueblo focused primarily on quick tool production and used stone flakes more often that formal tools. Flora and Faunal Assemblage Because of the variety in environment that surrounds Rudd Creek Pueblo, a wide array of faunal remains were recovered, however, only the juniper savanna and montane forest were represented in the assemblage. In total, 906 specimens, representing 17 different taxa, were found including lagomorphs (rabbits and hares) and rodents. Only 14% of the faunal assemblage was made up of large-game specimens, the majority including deer and pronghorn antelope. It has been proposed that the area surrounding the pueblo was moderately vegetated due to the large number of specimens recovered that were herbivores. Carnivore specimens at Rudd Creek Pueblo are rare and it is suggested that what was recovered, remains of black bears and bobcats, are most likely indicative of animals that were utilized for their fur or for ritual use. In addition, bird remains are present, including turkey and other birds such as golden eagles. Birds other than turkey that are represented in the assemblage are thought to be evidence of the inhabitants of Rudd Creek Pueblo acquiring feathers for special purposes or rituals rather than as a means of subsistence. Site occupation and dating Dating Rudd Creek Pueblo was done through a combination of artifact/ceramic analysis and dendrochronology, because dendrochronology was unreliable on its own due to an inadequate number of datable samples. Forty-three tree-ring samples were submitted, but only one could be dated. The only viable sample, which came from one of the great kivas (Unit 7), yielded a non-cutting date of AD1275++vv, meaning that the correct date of the sample is earlier than reported because the tree was either damaged or not dead. The tree-ring sample in combination with temporal trends associated with the types of ceramics represented at Rudd Creek Pueblo place construction of the site during the mid-1200s AD, with an occupation lasting until around 1300 AD. It is believed that, through the evidence of structure burning and “in-situ” floor deposits, that Rudd Creek Pueblo was abandoned in a hurry. Two hypotheses have been proposed for why this was the case. The first is that the pueblo was burned due to widespread conflict, something seen commonly with other pueblos of the time period. Another alternative has been proposed based on the evidence of interred artifacts and burning that suggests the inhabitants of Rudd Creek Pueblo ritually closed the structure, a trend that is seen in pueblos of following periods. References Further reading Anyon, Roger and Steven A. LeBlanc, 1980, The Architectural Evolution of Mogollon-Mimbres Communal Structures. Kiva 45(3):253–77 Beloit College, 2012, Logan Museum of Anthropology: The Mogollon Culture http://www.beloit.edu/logan_online/exhibitions/virtual_exhibitions/north_america/southwest/mogollon/mogollon.php Clark, Tiffany C., with Gregson Schachner, Suzanne L. Eckert, Todd L. Howell, and Deborah L. Huntley, 2006, Rudd Creek Pueblo: A Late Tularosa Phase Village in East Central Arizona. Kiva 71(4):394–428. Eldenback, Peter L., 2012, Culture History of the Tularosa Basin. http://www.nps.gov/whsa/historyculture/cultural-history-of-the-tularosa-basin.htm Sharp, Jay W., 2012, Prehistoric Desert Peoples: The Mogollon http://www.desertusa.com/ind1/du_peo_mog.html External links Destert USA NPS Logan Museum of Anthropology Sipe White Mountain Wildlife Area – Archaeological sites in Arizona Puebloan buildings and structures Buildings and structures in Apache County, Arizona

172198

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubber%20bullet

Rubber bullet

Rubber bullets (also called rubber baton rounds) are a type of baton round. Despite the name, rubber bullets typically have either a metal core with a rubber coating, or are a homogeneous admixture with rubber being a minority component. Although they are considered a less lethal alternative to metal projectiles, rubber bullets can still cause fatal injuries as well as other serious injuries such as blindness and permanent disability. Like other similar projectiles made from plastic, wax, and wood, rubber bullets may be used for short range practice and animal control, but are most commonly used in riot control and to disperse protests. Rubber bullets were invented by the British Ministry of Defence for use against protestors in Northern Ireland during The Troubles, and were first used there in 1970. Rubber projectiles have largely been replaced by other materials, as rubber tends to bounce uncontrollably. Composition and physical properties Analysis of the composition of the "rubber" pellets used by Chilean police shows that 80% of the pellets is made up of hard substances, chiefly silica and barium sulfate, while rubber makes up 20%. The measured hardness of the "rubber" pellets is 96.5 shore A. The hardness of the pellets explain why "exploded eyes" are so common in the 2019–2020 Chilean protests. Uses Riot control The British developed rubber rounds—the "Round, Anti-Riot, 1.5in Baton"—in 1970 for use against people in Northern Ireland. A low power propelling charge gave them a muzzle velocity of about and maximum range of about ."The round is generally deployed in low trajectories or skip fired in the general direction (non-target specific) of the intended targets," causing pain but not injury, but is also intended to be direct fired at the discretion of the operator. From 1970 to 1975, about 55,000 rubber bullets were fired by the British Army in Northern Ireland. Often they were fired directly at people from close range, which resulted in three people being killed and many more being badly injured. Among these injuries, a notable victim was Emma Groves who was blinded in one incident. In 1975, they were replaced by plastic bullets. In Northern Ireland over 35 years (1970–2005), about 125,000 rubber and plastic bullets were fired—an average of ten per day—causing 17 deaths. The baton round was made available to British police forces outside Northern Ireland from 2001. In 2013 however, Ministry of Defence papers declassified from 1977 revealed it was aware rubber bullets were more dangerous than was publicly disclosed. The documents contained legal advice for the MoD to seek a settlement over a child who had been blinded in 1972, rather than go to court which would expose problems with the bullets and make it harder to fight future related cases. The papers stated that further tests would reveal serious problems with the bullets, including that they were tested "in a shorter time than was ideal", that they "could be lethal" and that they "could and did cause serious injuries". Israeli rubber bullets are produced in two main types. The older type, the standard rubber bullet, is a steel sphere coated in a thin layer of rubber, weighing 14 grams, while the newly improved rubber bullet, introduced in 1989, is a rubber-coated metal cylinder 1.7 cm in diameter, weighing 15.4grams. Of the lethal injuries from this projectile, most are suffered to the head. Smaller rubber bullets are used in riot shotguns and are available in a variety of types. One company, for example, makes both rubber buckshot rounds, containing 15 8.3mm diameter rubber balls per cartridge, and rubber baton rounds, containing a single 4.75-gram projectile. Self-defense In some countries, less-lethal guns that fire rubber projectiles may be used by civilians for self-defense. – The civil population and private security guards are allowed to carry less-lethal gas pistols with the ability to fire rubber bullets. – Rubber bullet guns are one of the few firearms that can be owned in the country by private individuals. – Since 1999, the civil population, private security officers, and law control forces in Russia are permitted to use less-lethal weapons. A variety of handguns (OSA, "Makarych", HORHE, etc.) are carried with specially weakened construction and barrel with internal lugs, making use of full-power loads and/or firing hard projectiles impossible, while rubber bullets just compress when passing the lug and so may be fired. Most common calibers are 9 mm and 10 mm with muzzle velocity sometimes almost matching normal handguns and bullets as light as 0.7 g. – Security guards may use less-lethal gas pistols with the ability to fire ammunition with rubber bullets. Recreation Rubber bullets, powered only by primer, are usually used for short-range indoor target practice or training, generally with handguns. They are intended only for target shooting, unlike paintballs or airsoft pellets, which are intended for use on suitably protected live targets. Rubber bullets, if used with a suitable backstop, can be recovered undamaged after firing, and reused many times. See also Bean bag round Plastic bullet Ring airfoil projectile Sponge grenade Wax bullet Wooden bullet References Bullets Non-lethal projectiles Riot control weapons British inventions Rubber products Paramilitary cartridges

10146012

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Cunningham%20%28entrepreneur%29

Robert Cunningham (entrepreneur)

Robert Cunningham (1837–1905) was a British-Canadian lay missionary turned entrepreneur who founded the town of Port Essington, British Columbia. He was born January 1, 1837, in Dungannon, Ireland (one source, Large, says "Tullyvally, Ireland"), to a Protestant (Anglican) family. In 1862, at the age of twenty-five, he sailed to Canada with the Anglican Church Missionary Society to work as a lay assistant to the Anglican lay missionary William Duncan at the Tsimshian community of Metlakatla, B.C. Missionary Work Shortly after his arrival at Metlakatla Robert Cunningham was assigned to assist the missionary R. Arthur Doolan, himself newly arrived from England, in founding a new mission among the Nisga'a. Together with a Tsimshian interpreter named Robert Dundas they opened a mission among the villages on the lower Nass River in July 1864. When it soon came to light that Cunningham had fathered a child with a young Tsimshian student of Duncan's named Elizabeth Ryan Doolan married the couple and Cunningham's formal relationship with the Church Missionary Society was terminated. Trader Cunningham began working at the Hudson's Bay Company's Fort Simpson, a trading fort later known as Port Simpson and Lax Kw'alaams. He worked alongside Charles F. Morison, who eventually married Elizabeth's niece Odille Quintal (later Morison), the Tsimshian linguist. Cunningham eventually rose to the position of chief trader. In 1870 he left the HBC and Port Simpson. Versions differ as to the circumstances of this: discontent over his salary or a trumped-up charge of rum-running imposed by Duncan (who was also the local justice of the peace), or both. Cunningham then began an entrepreneurial relationship with one Thomas Hankin (later father to the Tlingit interpreter and teacher Constance Cox. In 1871, with the onset of the Omineca Gold Rush, Cunningham and Hankin became traders at Hazelton, in Gitxsan territory, and eventually founded a depot at Woodcock's Landing downriver at the Skeena River estuary, at what later became the site of Inverness cannery. In search of a better location, the two staked a claim for a plot of land at a site Tsimshians called Spaksuut (fall camping-place), on the territory of the Gitzaxłaał Tsimshians at the confluence of the Skeena and Ecstall rivers. In 1872 a store was built there, and the site gradually acquired a more or less permanent presence of Kitselas and Kitsumkalum Tsimshians from upriver. By the 1890s Port Essington, as Spaksuut came to be known, was a small town, and soon it became the largest settlement in the region and its economic hub. Cunningham bought out Hankin and established salmon packing as the community's main industry. The Cunningham Cannery produced "Diamond A" brand canned salmon. Though other canneries operated in the town, Port Essington was largely considered to be "Cunningham's town." Several members of Cunningham's family in Ireland eventually moved to Port Essington, as did Charles and Odille Morison. In 1888, Cunningham's wife Elizabeth was drowned with several others when their canoe capsized off Port Lambert near Port Essington. Of their five children, only two, George and John, survived early childhood, and John was killed at age seventeen when a trading schooner was wrecked near the Queen Charlotte Islands. In 1893 Cunningham married again, to Flora Bicknell, formerly of Coventry, in England. They had two children, Hazel and Harold. A third, Edith, was born shortly after Robert's death, in April 1905, in Victoria, B.C., at the age of sixty-nine. He is buried in Metlakatla. See also Monte Cristo (sternwheeler) Steamboats of the Skeena River Sources Bowman, Phylis (1982) Klondike of the Skeena! Chilliwack, B.C.: Sunrise Printing. Harris, E. A. (1990) Spokeshute: Skeena River Memory. Victoria, B.C.: Orca Book Publishers. Large, R. Geddes (1957; reprinted, 1981) The Skeena: River of Destiny. Sidney, B.C.: Gray's Publishing. External links Biography of Odille Morison British Anglican missionaries Anglican missionaries in Canada Canadian Anglicans People from Dungannon Tsimshian Gitxsan 1905 deaths 1837 births

39409482

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autumn%20Song%20%28Mose%20Allison%20album%29

Autumn Song (Mose Allison album)

Autumn Song is the fifth album released by blues/jazz pianist and vocalist Mose Allison which was recorded in 1959 and released on the Prestige label. Reception Scott Yanow of Allmusic states, "One realizes why Allison was soon emphasizing his vocals; he was a much more distinctive singer than pianist although his piano playing was actually pretty inventive. This is an excellent all-round set". The Penguin Guide to Jazz wrote that the album was "nicely balanced between vocal set-pieces [...] and his serious stuff". Track listing All compositions by Mose Allison except where noted. "Promenade" – 4:09 "Eyesight to the Blind" (Sonny Boy Williamson II) – 1:41 "It's Crazy" (Dorothy Fields, Richard Rodgers) – 3:37 "That's All Right", (Jimmy Rogers) – 2:27 "Devil in the Cane Field" – 4:02 "Strange" (Matthew Fisher, John La Touche) – 3:06 "Autumn Song" – 3:40 "Do Nothin' Till You Hear from Me" (Duke Ellington, Bob Russell) – 3:11 "Spires" – 3:03 "Groovin' High" (Dizzy Gillespie) – 5:39 Personnel Mose Allison – piano, vocals Addison Farmer – bass Ronnie Free – drums References Mose Allison albums 1959 albums Prestige Records albums Albums produced by Bob Weinstock Albums recorded at Van Gelder Studio

68038877

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9%20Villeboeuf

André Villeboeuf

André Villeboeuf (2 April 1893 – 23 May 1956) was a French illustrator, painter, watercolorist, printmaker, writer and stage designer. Biography André Villeboeuf was born on 2 April 1893, in Paris to his parents, Paul Villeboeuf and Louise Aurore Aglaé Pauton. On 5 August 1924, he married Suzanne Gaupillat in Paris and then on 12 December 1934, he remarried Hélène Sophie Cartage. Belonging to a wealthy Parisian family, Villeboeuf was introduced to art by his father, who was a bibliophile. There was in the family library, which Villeboeuf had remembered in his later writings. He studied under the mentorship of Jean-Paul Laurens at the École des beaux-arts de Paris (Fine Arts of Paris) and consequently moved to Montmartre. There he became friends with Léon Detroy. Detroy, also a student of Laurens later rejected the teaching of Laurens and preferred to percept Art directly from nature. After the death of Detroy in 1956, Villeboeuf became depressed and soon died. French Writer Émile Brami has mentioned that Villeboeuf had been a part of the circle of friends, all from Montmartre who used to live a few hundred meters from each others. This circle consisted of Gen Paul, Louis-Ferdinand Céline, René Fauchois, the sculpture Jean-Gabriel Daragnès, Marcel Aymé, Robert Le Vigan, Serge Perrault, apart from Villeboeuf. Works Villeboeuf mainly painted Paris (Le Sacré-Cœurseen from the artist's balcony), Brittany(Pardon de Pleyben), Creuse (where he met with Léon Detroy) and villages from Fresselines to Gargilesse-Dampierre, Saint-Tropez etc.. and Spain, in particular Andalusia (Procession of the penitents in Seville, numerous watercolors on the theme of bullfighting, lithograph Danse gypsy). His works also are seen to portray the trips to Belgium (La fête des Gilles au Carnaval de Binche), the Netherlands (The Cheese Market in Alkmaar), Italy (The Grand Canal in Venice), Greece, Turkey (Village on the Black Sea), Romania, Portugal and Guinea (Cases in the village of Samballo). In 1939, in the weekly Gringoire, Villeboeuf wrote a very critical piece on the work of Picasso in Deux femmes (The Interior with a Girl). In the same newspaper, he also wrote columns in support of the Portuguese regime of António de Oliveira Salazar. He also had written in the satirical newspaper Le Crapouillot and in the Les Annales politiques et littéraires. In 1925, Villeboeuf and his two friends André Dunoyer de Segonzac and Luc-Albert Moreau together bought the house of Charles Camoin and the renamed "Le Maquis". Death Villeboeuf died in Paradas on 23 May 1956. Reception Christophe Rameix said "André Villeboeuf led his artistic career at high velocity with the will to see everything, know everything, understand everything … A jack-of-all-trades in the world of the arts". Until his death in 1956, André Dunoyer de Segonzac remained remained a very closed friend of Villeboeuf. He commented during Villeboeuf's lifetime, "His talent, so lively and spontaneous, will withstand the test of time and will showcase him among the painters of genuine quality". James Ensor, had written a piece on André Villeboeuf's profession as an engraver. Raoul Dufy remarked "In André Villeboeuf's watercolors, I find the same vein, the same happiness that characterizes him both as a painter and as a writer. With his art he talks about men and things. The same gifts also which situate man: critical sense, finesse of and communicative love of life ". Exhibitions Salon des Tuileries, Paris Galerie Marcel Guiot, Paris Galerie Georges Wildenstein, Paris, Galerie de l'Elysée (Alex Glass), Paris, Salon des Indépendants, Paris, 1921–1924 Galerie Devambez, Paris, 1922 Galerie Druet, Paris, June 1938 The watercolors of André Villeboeuf, Galerie Charpentier, Paris, 1950 25, December 1951. School of Paris, Galerie Charpentier, Paris, 1956. Bullfighting art exhibition presented by the Pena de Bernui, Society of Southern Artists, Toulouse Arts Palace, May–June 1956. Galerie de l'Elysée (Alex Glass), Paris, during1955-1956. Claude Robert, auctioneer, of the André Villeboeuf workshop, Hôtel Drouot, Paris, May 17, 1982. Bibliography Pierre Lévy , Artists and a collector (Mémoires), Flammarion, 1976. Françoise de Perthuis, "Le Tour du monde d'André Villeboeuf", in La Gazette de l'Hotel Drouot , 14 May 1982 .Christophe Rameix, the School of Crozant , the painters of Creuse and Gargilesse, 1850–1950 , Éditions Lucien Souny, 1991. André Roussard, Dictionary of Painters in Montmartre , Éditions André Roussard, 1999. Emmanuel Bénézit , Dictionary of painters, sculptors, draftsmen, engravers , volume 14 , Gründ, 1999. Temas españoles en las letras y en el arte francés de hoy , Instituto francés en España, Madrid, 1957. Raymond Nacenta, L'École de Paris , Éditions Seghers, Paris, 1958, p.  352 . Claude Robert, auctioneer, 5 avenue d'Eylau, Paris, Catalog of the second auction of the André Villeboeuf workshop , Hôtel Drouot , Paris, MondayMay 17, 1982. Pierre Mornand, Twenty artists from the book , Éditions le Courrier Graphique, 1948, limited edition 1,800 numbered copies (introduction by Raymond Cogniat). Jean-Louis Vaudoyer (preface by Pierre Brisson ), André Villeboeuf , Éditions Galerie Charpentier, Paris, 1950. André Dunoyer de Segonzac , "Mon Ami André Villeboeuf", Le Figaro , 7 December 1968 . Françoise de Perthuis, "André Villeboeuf", in La Gazette de l'Hotel Drouot , 13 December 1968 . Marcus Osterwalder, Dictionary of illustrators , 3 volumes. Third volume, "1915–1965 – Nés avant 1900", Éditions Ides et Calendes, 2005.Pierre Mornand , The beautiful page over the centuries , Les Bibliolâtres de France editions, 1943. Pierre Mornand, "The artists of the book, André Villeboeuf", The Graphic Courier , n o  49, Paris, 1950. References External links André Villeboeuf at National Gallery of Art André Villeboeuf at British Museum 1893 births 1956 deaths 20th-century French painters 20th-century male artists French male painters

22667774

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor%20Schnirelmann

Victor Schnirelmann

Victor Alexandrovich Schnirelmann (, b. 18 May 1949, Moscow; frequently spelled Shnirelman in his English-language publications) is a Russian historian, ethnologist and a member of Academia Europaea (since 1998). He is a senior researcher of N. N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology at the Russian Academy of Sciences and an author of over 300 works, including over 20 monographies on archaeology. Schnirelmann's main fields include the ideologies of nationalism in Russia and CIS, ethnocentrism and irredentism. Schnirelmann graduated from historical faculty at Moscow State University in 1971 and in 1977 upheld a thesis in the Ethnography Institute of Soviet Academy of Sciences. In 1990, he defended a thesis in Ethnology and Anthropology Institute. Selected works Who gets the past? Competition for ancestors among non-Russian intellectuals in Russia. Washington D. C., Baltimore & London: Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. The Myth of the Khazars and Intellectual Antisemitism in Russia, 1970s – 1990s. Jerusalem: The Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2002. Bibliography «Чистильщики московских улиц»: скинхеды, СМИ и общественное мнение. М.: Academia, 2007. 116 стр. Национализм в мировой истории / под ред. В. А. Тишкова и В. А. Шнирельмана. М.: Наука, 2007. 604 стр. Быть аланами. Интеллектуалы и политика на Северном Кавказе в XX веке. М.: НЛО, 2006. 690 стр. Очерки современного расизма. Петрозаводск: Скандинавия, 2006. 64 стр. Лица ненависти (антисемиты и расисты на марше). М.: Academia, 2005. 360 стр. Интеллектуальные лабиринты. Очерки идеологий в современной России. М.: Academia, 2004. 480 стр. Войны памяти: мифы, идентичность и политика в Закавказье. М.: ИКЦ Академкнига, 2003. 592 стр. The Myth of the Khazars and Intellectual Antisemitism in Russia, 1970s — 1990s. Jerusalem: The Vidal Sassoon *International Center for the Study of Antisemitism, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2002. 200 pp. Неоязычество на просторах Евразии / под ред. В. А. Шнирельмана. М.: Библейско-Богословский Институт, 2001. 177 стр. The Value of the Past. Myths, Identity and Politics in Transcaucasia. Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology (Senri Ethnological Studies, № 57), 2001. 465 pp. Who gets the past? Competition for ancestors among non-Russian intellectuals in Russia. Washington D. C., Baltimore & London: Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. 98 pp. Война и мир в ранней истории человечества. В 2 тт. М.: Институт этнологии и антропологии РАН, 1994 (совместно с А. И. Першицем и Ю. И. Семеновым). Возникновение производящего хозяйства. М.: Наука, 1989. 448 стр. Отдельные главы в кн.: История первобытного общества. Т. 1-3. М., Наука, 1983—1988. Происхождение скотоводства. М., Наука, 1980. 333 стр. Шнирельман В. А. «Цепной пес расы»: диванная расология как защитница «белого человека» Шнирельман В. А. Евразийцы и евреи Шнирельман В. А. Очарование седой древности: Мифы о происхождении в современных школьных учебниках Шнирельман В. А. «Светлые арийцы» и «посланцы темных сил»: заметки об особенностях современной антисемитской и расистской пропаганды Шнирельман В. А. Российская школа и национальная идея Шнирельман В. А. Возвращение арийства: научная фантастика и расизм Reviews Гутнов Ф. Тяжело быть аланом? (рецензия на книгу В. А. Шнирельмана «Быть аланами. Интеллектуалы и политика на Северном Кавказе в XX веке.» Напольских В. Заметки на полях: Неоязычество на просторах Евразии // Вестник Евразии / Acta Eurasica. №1. Москва, 2002. Чочиев А. «Подспудное» и «гробовое» в панегирике Шнирельману (по книгам «Войны памяти» М., 2003 и «Быть аланами» М., 2006) Notes 1949 births Living people Writers from Moscow Russian historians Russian ethnologists Members of Academia Europaea

7600859

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audit%20Bureau%20of%20Circulations%20%28UK%29

Audit Bureau of Circulations (UK)

The Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC) is a non-profit organisation owned and developed by the media industry. ABC delivers industry-agreed standards for media brand measurement of print publications, digital channels and events. The company also verifies data, processes and good practice to these and other industry-agreed standards (such as those set by JICWEBS). Established in 1931 by the Society of British Advertisers (an organisation which later became ISBA), ABC is a founder member of the International Federation of ABCs and was the first UK Joint Industry Currency (JIC) for the media industry. JICs are owned by the industry to provide transparent and independent audience measurement for each medium. In May 2020, the board of the ABC voted to allow national newspaper publishers the option to ‘opt out’ of reporting their circulation figures publicly. Board ABC is governed by a board consisting of advertisers, media agencies, media owners and trade bodies. They represent the differing interests of the media industry, agree new standards and make strategic decisions as to how ABC is run. Reporting Standards Group ABC has Reporting Standards Groups (RSGs) responsible for setting reporting standards for media products across each of the following sectors: national, regional, consumer, business, bulk distribution and Republic of Ireland. RSGs include representatives from media owners, media buyers and trade associations and typically meet three times a year. Changes to the Reporting Standards are generally agreed by consensus. Chairman Derek Morris was announced as ABC UK's new chairman in October 2016 and took up the position in December of that year. He replaced Sally Cartwright who had chaired the board since 2010. Chief Executive Simon Redlich has been the permanent CEO of ABC UK since 25 November 2016. He was previously announced as the interim CEO in January 2016, replacing Jerry Wright who stepped down from the role after more than seven years. Activities Media brand measurement As a JIC, ABC creates census based trading standards to accurately reflect media activity across print and digital platforms. It then provides independent verification of media owner data to these standards. This data and related information is shown on the media owner's ABC Certificate and can also be viewed and sorted using digital tables. All visitors to the ABC website can search for and download a current certificate. This transparency and availability of data helps to facilitate the buying and selling of advertising space. Verification service ABC is an independent verification provider for other media industry organisations including JICWEBS, the EDAA and Counter for example. ABC's role is to check that media companies are meeting the standards set by these other organisations. Reporting ABC publishes a range of data reports across a number of industry sectors. References External links IFABC, the International Federation of ABC's Audience measurement Newspapers circulation audit Berkhamsted Business services companies established in 1931 1931 establishments in the United Kingdom Non-profit organisations based in the United Kingdom Organisations based in Hertfordshire Publishing organizations Organizations established in 1931

2745600

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazebrouck

Hazebrouck

Hazebrouck (, , , ) is a commune in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France. It was a small market town in Flanders until it became an important railway junction in the 1860s. West Flemish was the usual language until 1880, when French was taught at school by mandate of the French government in an effort to "Frenchify" the people of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais and to extinguish their Flemish roots. The development of the railways linked Hazebrouck to Lille to Calais and Dunkirk. History The incorporation into France of what had previously been a Flemish town was ratified in the 1678 Treaties of Nijmegen. Hazebrouck's town hall was built in the 19th century and the oldest monument of the town is St Eloi's church. During the two world wars Hazebrouck was an important military target. Many British soldiers are buried in the cemeteries around the town. In the town museum, which was originally a chapel and friary of the Augustines, visitors can see the Hazebrouck's giants: Roland, Tijse-Tajse, Toria and Babe-Tajse; a collection of Flemish and French paintings and a traditional Flemish kitchen. World War I: Fourth Battle of Ypres and Hazebrouck An attack by the German army was proposed in October 1917 by the Army Group Commander Field Marshal Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria as a large-scale attack either carried by itself or as an attack to relieve pressure on the German Front. Rupprecht's Army Group held the German Front in Flanders and Picardy; his command covered the Belgian coast to Ypres and on to Armentières. The operation was given the codename of "George" and plans were submitted for an offensive attack between Ypres and Bethune. The breakthrough would be made in the British Front just south of the Belgian-French border in the Lys river area with the intention to get past the Allied Front there and advance to Hazebrouck. This would divide and cut the British Second Army near the Lys river away from the British Army in Artois. The British-held rail centre of Hazebrouck would be captured and the British troops in Belgian Flanders could be forced westwards and stuck on the Belgian coast. The operation would, however, only be possible to start from April. Heraldry Population Politics Presidential Elections 2nd Round Town twinning Hazebrouck is twinned with the market town of Faversham in Kent, United Kingdom. College Saint-Jacques private chapel A private chapel which is now part of College Saint-Jacques can now be visited. This old College was an English hospital during the First World War. Transportation The town has a railway station, with frequent daily services to Lille and Paris, some via the LGV Nord. There is also a small international airport, concentrating on business flights, at Merville-Calonne just 12 kilometre / 8 miles away. The town is connected to the national Autoroute network, which links Hazebrouck with Dunkirk and Lille and, less directly, Arras, Paris, Calais and Brussels. See also Communes of the Nord department French Flanders References INSEE commune file Specific External links Official town website (in French) History of St Francis of Assisi college 1854-1973(in English) How to pronounce Hazebrouck (in French) Communes of Nord (French department)

69201347

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%20Matthew%20the%20Evangelist%20%28Master%20Theodoric%29

Saint Matthew the Evangelist (Master Theodoric)

Saint Matthew the Evangelist formed an almost symmetrical counterpart to the image of Saint Luke on the altar wall in the Chapel of the Holy Cross. It is an exceptionally high quality painting by Master Theodoric. The painting is exhibited in the collection of medieval art of the National Gallery in Prague. Description and classification Oil tempera on beech board 114,8 x 92,8 cm. An oval reliquary hole is preserved in the lower part of the frame. The ornamental decoration of the background and frame with pastiglia is well preserved in the left and upper part, elsewhere it is considerably damaged. The colours and almost mirror-like composition are reminiscent of Theodoric's painting of St Luke. In the facial part, detailed with fine brushstrokes, the painting follows the underdrawing. The incarnation is rendered in warmer tones, the hair is brown and the beard is not greyed out. The half-figure of the angel, emerging from a blue cloud and communicating the words of the Gospel to Matthew, is in contrasting colours of white, red and gold, as is the book in Matthew's hands. As can be seen from the images taken by infrared reflectography, the most significant changes in composition during the painting occurred in the case of the book, which is only ajar, and also in the subsequent position of the hands. The treatment of the drapery therefore had to be modified. While in the right hand of St. Matthew the system of folds is almost identical with that of St. Luke, in the left hand the drapery is thrown over the bent forearm and merges in a tubular fold. The change is due to the position of the left hand, which is in the opposite position to St Luke's, and the thumb and forefinger join to hold the cross. The cross has not survived, nor have other gilded ornaments on Theodoric's paintings. The fingers are modelled with greyish shading, but the details are less elaborate than in St Luke. The change in composition was necessitated by the need to individualize each of the 130 figures depicted in the Chapel of the Holy Cross. Theodoric's prefigurement may have been the cycle of murals with portraits of rulers and their imaginary ancestors back to the forefather Noah, with which the so-called Master of the Luxembourg Family Tree had decorated the walls of the imperial palace. Their portraits have not survived in their original place, but are documented in written reports and book illuminations of the so-called Heidelberg Codex. The very typology of broad and softly modelled faces with rich beards, which is characteristic of Theodoric, is probably also mediated by the Master of the Luxembourg Family Tree, who came to Bohemia shortly after 1355 from France. It also occurs in French book painting in the second half of the 1350s by the Maître de la Bible de Jean de Sy. As stated by Pešina, all the paintings by Master Theodoric in the Chapel of the Holy Cross at Karlštejn must have been completed before its second consecration. This also determines the time span of the paintings' creation from the turn of 1359/1360, when the decoration of the chapel with a mural was still being considered, as confirmed by the sketches that have survived in several places of the plasterwork, until the chapel's consecration in 1365. Pavel Štecha's photograph of Václav Havel listening to Theodoric's St. Matthew has become very famous. St. Matthew in the works of painters St. Matthew was a tax collector and served as a missionary in Judea, Persia and Ethiopia. He is often depicted with an angel writing the Gospel as he is called to the apostolate, sometimes directly standing up before Jesus or the apostles Peter and Andrew from the money table. Matthew's Gospel is considered the most descriptive. It contains many interesting details and thus serves as a frequent source for works of art with Christian themes. References Sources Jiří Fajt (ed.), Magister Theodoricus, court painter to Emperor Charles IV, National Gallery in Prague 1997, ISBN 80-7035-142-X Pešina Jaroslav, Panel Painting. Czech Gothic Art 1350–1420, Academia Prague 1970 Dvořáková, Vlasta, Menclová Dobroslava, Karlštejn, State Publishing House of Beautiful Literature and Art, Prague 1965 Friedl Antonín, Mikuláš Wurmser, Master of Royal Portraits at Karlštejn, SNKLU Prague 1956 External links Eva Procházková, Symbolic Representation of Evangelists in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period, Bachelor's thesis, Department of Musicology, Faculty of Music, MUNI, Brno 2007 The National Gallery in Prague never closes: Master Theodoric: panel paintings from the Chapel of the Holy Cross at Karlštejn Věra Frömlová-Zezuláková, Preliminary findings on historical repairs of Theodoric's paintings, Technologia Artis 2, 1992, p. 53 Paintings in the collection of the National Gallery Prague Gothic paintings 14th-century paintings Czech gothic paintings 1360s works

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzuki%20graph

Suzuki graph

The Suzuki graph is a strongly regular graph with parameters . Its automorphism group has order 896690995200 and contains as a subgroup of order 2 the Suzuki sporadic group. It is named for Michio Suzuki. External links A. E. Brouwer's website: the Suzuki graph MathWorld: Suzuki graph Individual graphs Regular graphs Strongly regular graphs

44005774

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picker%20Institute%20Europe

Picker Institute Europe

The Picker Institute Europe was founded by Harvey Picker and his wife Jean in 2000. It is a not-for-profit organization dedicated to developing a patient-centred approach to healthcare. The American Picker Institute ceased operations in January 2013. The Institute has been carrying out surveys of patient experience in the National Health Service since 1998. It has been fully self-financing since 2002. The NHS survey co-ordination centre, run by the Institute, co-ordinates the NHS patient survey programmes on behalf of the Care Quality Commission. Hospedia worked with the Institute on a study in 2012, to test the efficacy of their Real-Time Patient Feedback system to collect information from patients while they were still in hospital. The Institute worked with BLISS to produce the first national survey of parents’ experiences of neonatal care which was carried out in 2010-11. The Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health developed their Patient Reported Experience Measure which measures the experience of paediatric patients 0–16 years in all urgent and emergency care settings with the Institute in 2012. The Institute has been critical of the Friends and Family Test. References Private providers of NHS services Public opinion research companies Market research companies of the United Kingdom

56465607

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse%20Cox

Jesse Cox

Jesse Cox may refer to: Jesse Cox (activist), chair of the National Executive Board of the Social Democratic Party of America in the late 1890s Jesse Cox (entertainer), American gaming personality Jesse Cox (broadcaster), Australian radio broadcaster

31713176

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011%20Essendon%20Football%20Club%20season

2011 Essendon Football Club season

The 2011 Essendon Football Club season is the club's 113th season in the Australian Football League (AFL). Essendon won 11 matches, drew one and lost 10 matches in the 2011 season. Essendon won five matches within the first eight rounds, before a form slump culminated in a five-match losing streak and Essendon dropping out of the top eight for the first time this season when it lost to by 65 points. Their season begun with a 55-point thumping of triple-preliminary finalists the before a narrow five-point defeat to followed. Wins over (in their captain Nick Riewoldt's 200th game) followed, before a thrilling draw against and a five-goal loss in the Anzac Day match against followed. Round 6 brought along the mother of all Essendon wins – a 139-point thumping of the at home, with the Bombers recording a record first-quarter score of 15.4 (94) and its quarter-time lead of 93 points also brought along a new record. Amidst this, Essendon lost the second quarter in surprising circumstances, before going on to finish the job to record its first win over a side featuring Gary Ablett since 2005. Only two more wins would follow, against the West Coast Eagles and Brisbane Lions in the weeks after the Suns annihilation. Essendon pulled off the boilover of the season when they defeated the previously unbeaten by four points in Round 15, 2011, without their injured skipper, Jobe Watson. It was their first win over the Cats in almost six years, having not beaten them since Round 18, 2005. However, it was just their second win over Geelong since 2003, leaving them with one of the worst records against Geelong in recent times. Round 20 saw Essendon at home to for the first time since Round 1, 2006 when Essendon triumphed by 27 points. Essendon won by one point after a post-siren shot by Sydney's Adam Goodes drifted to the left. Round 23 saw Essendon qualifying the finals for the second time in two years, when it defeated Port Adelaide by 7 points at Etihad Stadium. It ended a seven-year winless run against the side, having not beaten them since Round 18, 2004. Essendon's elimination final against was lost by 62 points, ending what was otherwise a promising first year for James Hird in the Essendon coaching role. Squad Trades In Out Drafts National Draft Rookie Draft ^ Denotes NSW AFL scholarship elevation Pre-Season Draft Results Pre-season (NAB Cup) Round 1 Quarter-finals Semi-finals Grand Final Home and Away season Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 Round 5 Round 6 Ladder Ladder progression Tribunal cases Season Statistics Home attendance Season Financials Annual Report 2011 Notes "Points" refers to carry-over points accrued following the sanction. For example, 154.69 points draw a one-match suspension, with 54.69 carry-over points (for every 100 points, a one-match suspension is given). References External links Official website of the Essendon Football Club Official website of the Australian Football League 2011 season scores and results at AFL Tables 2011 Essendon player statistics at AFL Tables 2011 Essendon Football Club

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%26T

P&T

P&T may refer to: Partitioning and transmutation, a succession of chemical separation operations (advanced reprocessing) and neutron irradiation repeated in long nuclear fuel cycles aimed at reducing the radiotoxicity of minor actinides and long-lived fission products Post & Telegraph, former cabinet department of the Government of India Minister for Posts and Telegraphs, former senior government position in Ireland Pharmacy and Therapeutics Pharmacy and Therapeutics (journal) Penn & Teller, American illusionists and entertainers P&TLuxembourg, Luxembourg communications corporation P & T Architects & Engineers Ltd., an architecture firm in Hong Kong Promotion and Tenure, referring to academic tenure processes

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hofstad%20Network

Hofstad Network

The Hofstad Network was an Islamist terror group composed mostly of Dutch citizens. The terror group was composed mainly of young men between the ages of 18 and 32. The name "Hofstad" was originally the codename the Dutch secret service AIVD used for the network and leaked to the media. The name likely refers to the nickname of the city of The Hague, where some of the suspected terrorists lived. The network was active throughout the 2000s. The group was made up of Muslim immigrants living in the Netherlands, and second and third generation immigrants to the Netherlands, and Dutch converts. The majority of these immigrants came from Morocco. The network was said to have links to networks in Spain and Belgium. Among their contacts was Abdeladim Akoudad, also known as Naoufel, one of the suspects of the 2003 Casablanca bombings. The group was influenced by the ideology of Takfir wal-Hijra, a militant offshoot of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood. Redouan al-Issar, also known as "The Syrian", was the suspected spiritual leader of the group. Most media attention was attracted by Mohammed Bouyeri, sentenced to life imprisonment for murdering Dutch film director Theo van Gogh in 2004 and by Samir Azzouz, suspected of planning terrorist attacks on the Dutch parliament and several strategic targets such as the national airport and a nuclear reactor. The group was also suspected of planning to kill several members of government and parliament. History In 2002, the Hofstad group were discovered by the Dutch General Intelligence and Security Service (AIVD). The intelligence gathered in the first years after the group was discovered was limited, revealing that the group had only been meeting together. These were informal living-room meetings held by a Syrian asylum seeker posing as a religious. By the end of 2002, the AIVD began to suspect that the organization was developing extremist views and discussing mass casualty events. On 14 October 2003, Samir Azzouz, Ismail Akhnikh, Jason Walters and Redouan al-Issar were put under arrest for planning a (according to the AIVD) "terrorist attack in the Netherlands", but were released soon after. Azzouz was eventually tried in this case, but acquitted for lack of evidence in 2005: he did possess what he thought to be a home-made bomb, but having used the wrong type of fertilizer the device would never have exploded. At the beginning of 2003, a Hofstad member and his friend tried to join an Islamic rebel group in Chechnya, but were discovered by authorities and arrested. During the summer, two Hofstad group members traveled to Pakistan where they received paramilitary training. In September, the two men returned and it was discovered by authorities that these same men could be traced to having talked to a man having ties to the Casablanca bombings earlier that year. On 14 October of that year, the Spanish authorities arrested a Moroccan man who was suspected to be involved in suspicious activity. Police in the Netherlands arrested five Hofstad associates, including three who traveled abroad and were in contact with extremist in Morocco and Syria. In 2003 the man who murdered Dutch filmmaker Theo van Gogh was radicalized. He withdrew from mainstream Dutch society by quitting his job and distancing himself from all friends and family who were non-religious. During this time, he became known as the "Taliban" by many in his neighborhood. In 2004, the group was under heavy surveillance by the AIVD, which dampened the group's activities. On 18 May 2004, authorities received a tip that a grocery store worker had been involved in preparing for a terror attack. A couple weeks later, the Dutch secret service had arrested this man after capturing him on security cameras taking measurements of the Dutch secret service headquarters. Upon his arrest, police found maps as well as weapons that could be used to carry out the terror attacks. On 29 August 2004, Van Gogh and Ayaan Hirsi Ali created a short film, Submission, that contained scenes of Quranic verses being painted onto semi-naked women. This was the catalyst for the group's radicalization and Mohammed Bouyeri's justification to kill Van Gogh for the blasphemy of Islam. Claimed attacks Van Gogh's murder was the first terrorist attack claimed by the Hofstad group. In September 2004, authorities received a tip from an email that warned of two Hofstad group members preparing a terror attack. The anonymous source also admitted to being recruited by these men to carry out the planned terrorist attacks with particular targets. On 2 November of that year, the Dutch filmmaker was killed on his way to work in Amsterdam. The killer cycled alongside Van Gogh before shooting him several times and attempting to decapitate him. Before fleeing the scene, he left a note pinned to the man's chest that had a death threat for Hirsi Ali. After the attack, Mohammed Bouyeri went to a park near by where he had a shoot out with police before being taken into custody. Witnesses said that Mohammed Bouyeri had been stalking his route for some time before the attack had happened. After the attack, the police then spent the greater 10 days after arresting the group members. One group member who acted as the religious teacher for the group fled the country the day of Van Gogh's murder and entered Syria illegally. Shortly after the murder of van Gogh by Mohammed Bouyeri in November 2004, the organization gained attention from national media when an attempt to arrest suspected members Jason Walters and Ismail Akhnikh led to a 14-hour siege of a house in The Hague. During these events, the name Hofstad Network became public and the media has continued to use this moniker to refer to the organization. In the months after the siege, a number of other suspected members of the organization were arrested. On 5 December 2005, the Hofstad court case against 14 suspected members started. First trial On 10 March 2006 the court convicted nine of the 14 suspects of being a member of a criminal terrorist organisation. The other five suspected members were acquitted of this charge. Samir Azzouz, Jermaine Walters—suspected but not incarcerated—and another five members were arrested on suspicion of preparing an attack against (yet unnamed) national politicians and the building of the General Intelligence and Security Agency AIVD on 14 October 2005. In this separate case Nouredine el Fahtni is also a suspect. On 1 December 2005, Samir Azzouz was sentenced to nine years in prison. The first trial was conducted under a Dutch judge of the District Court in Rotterdam in March. During the trial, the judge admitted that he felt as if it was obvious that arrest leading to the hearing had created a spectacle and that the group members ideologies were being greatly scrutinized. The lawyers who defended that group labeled the trial as a "witch trial". It was clear that the ideological threat the Hofstad group had posed stirred the emotions of the public. The judge ruled that in the case of the Hofstad group there was a clear distinction between peaceful and harmful extremism. The judge ruled that four of the members to be acquitted because they showed no attempt for violence but only held extremist ideas. The judge also ruled that the group was not a terror organization. Jason Walters – 15 years' incarceration, released May 2013 Ismail Akhnikh – 13 years' incarceration Nouredine el Fahtni – 5 years' incarceration Yousef Ettoumi – 1 year Zine Labidine Aourghe – 18 months Mohammed Fahmi Boughabe – 18 months Mohamed el Morabit – 2 years Ahmed Hamdi – 2 years Mohammed Bouyeri was already serving a life sentence at the time and could not be further punished. Jermaine Walters was exonerated from making a threat against former Dutch Parliamentarian Hirsi Ali. Jermaine Walters, Nadir Adarraf, Rachid Belkacem, Mohamed El Bousklaoui and Zakaria Taybi were freed. Second trial On 17 December 2010 the appeals court of The Hague overthrew the verdict, and acquitted many of the suspects, stating that they found no evidence for the existence of the Hofstad Network: Upon the ruling, the court determined that the Hofstad group was a terror criminal organization who had the intent of committing crimes out of violence and hatred. Documents and public letters that had been written by group members were provided as evidence throughout the trial. Jason Walters – 15 years' incarceration, released May 2013 – 15 months' incarceration Nouredine el Fahtni – acquitted Yousef Ettoumi – acquitted Zine Labidine Aourghe – 18 months Mohammed Fahmi Boughabe – acquitted Mohamed el Morabit – acquitted Ahmed Hamdi – acquitted VARA On 18 May 2006, a group of four young men delivered flowers to the Dutch public broadcaster VARA. The flowers included a note, "greetings, the Hofstadgroup," which was a 'thank you' for the VARA Zembla documentary broadcast the week prior, on the topic of Ayaan Hirsi Ali's asylum background. Jermaine Walters was said to be one of the men. See also Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group List of designated terrorist groups References External links Netwerk: Handgrenade allegedly supplied by Dutch Security Service AIVD Nova: AIVD withheld information from Swat Team KRO Reporter: Who threw the handgrenade ? KRO Reporter: Moles and Martyrs Islamist groups Organisations designated as terrorist by the European Union Jihadist groups Islamic terrorism in the Netherlands