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18662735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%82yszczyn | Małyszczyn | Małyszczyn is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grodzisk, within Siemiatycze County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately north of Grodzisk, north of Siemiatycze, and south-west of the regional capital Białystok.
References
Villages in Siemiatycze County | [
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23909529 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Western%20%26%20Southern%20Financial%20Group%20Masters%20%E2%80%93%20Doubles | 2009 Western & Southern Financial Group Masters – Doubles | Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan were the defending champions, but lost in the final to Daniel Nestor and Nenad Zimonjić, 3–6, 7–6(7–2), [15–13].
Seeds
The top four seeds receive a bye into the second round.
Draw
Finals
Top half
Bottom half
Masters - Doubles | [
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57719963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagonal%20Community%20School%20District | Diagonal Community School District | Diagonal Community School District is a rural public K-12 school district headquartered in Diagonal, Iowa. The district, in Ringgold County, serves the town of Diagonal.
All grade levels and the administration share the same building. , it had the lowest enrollment of any Iowa school district: 97; the 12th grade class that year had nine students. Due to the difficult financial situation, the district uses cost-cutting measures such as using dry-erase desktops instead of paper and using the same paint color for all rooms. Diagonal CSD does not have enough funds to provide elective courses at the senior high school level, so its high school students take those courses at Mount Ayr High School in Mount Ayr.
When the Clearfield Community School District closed on July 1, 2014, the Diagonal district absorbed a portion of it.
The school's mascot is the Maroons. Their colors are maroon and gold.
Diagonal Junior-Senior High School
Athletics
The Maroons compete in the Bluegrass Conference, including the following sports:
Volleyball
Basketball
Track and field
Baseball
Softball
See also
List of school districts in Iowa
References
External links
School districts in Iowa
Public high schools in Iowa
Education in Ringgold County, Iowa | [
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] |
43664894 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20public%20art%20by%20Oldenburg%20and%20van%20Bruggen | List of public art by Oldenburg and van Bruggen | This is a list of public art by Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen, also termed their "large scale projects". Oldenburg (born 1929) and van Bruggen (1942–2009) are married American-Dutch sculptors, best known for their Installation art typically featuring very large replicas of everyday objects. This list does not include all other types of artistic works by the artists (for example drawings and "happenings") and other sculptural works which are not public art (for example soft sculptures such as "Giant BLT").
With the exception of the earliest works, Lipstick, Three-Way Plug and Clothespin, all works listed are signed by both artists. Unless specified, dimensions are listed as height × width × depth.
Images may be missing from this list, due to no freedom of panorama provisions for copyrighted three-dimensional artworks in the copyright laws of countries where the affected artworks are located.
Public art
Public art
Oldenburg and van Bruggen
es:Claes Oldenburg#Claes Oldenburg y su etapa junto a Coosje van Bruggen | [
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] |
66571599 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminul%20Islam%20Danesh%20Mia | Aminul Islam Danesh Mia | Aminul Islam Danesh Mia (1919-2006) was a Bangladesh Awami League politician and the former Member of Parliament of Faridpur-15.
Early life
Mia was born on 20 October 1919 in Kabirajkandi village, Shariatpur District, East Bengal, British India.
Career
Mia was elected to parliament from Faridpur-15 as a Bangladesh Awami League candidate in 1973. He was a member of the Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh.
Death
Mia died on 23 January 2006.
References
Awami League politicians
1919 births
2006 deaths
1st Jatiya Sangsad members | [
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33475853 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011%20UNAF%20U-23%20Tournament | 2011 UNAF U-23 Tournament | The 2011 UNAF U-23 Tournament is an association football tournament open to the Under-23 national teams of UNAF member countries. The tournament took the newly constructed Stade de Tanger in Tangier, Morocco. Of the five UNAF member countries, Libya and Tunisia chose not to participate in the competition . Instead, Niger, Saudi Arabia and Qatar were invited to the tournament. However, just days prior to the start of the competition, Egypt and Qatar withdrew from the competition.
Saudi Arabia won the competition after winning their two games against Algeria and Morocco.
Participants
Venues
Matches
Scorers
3 goals
Mehdi Benaldjia
1 goal
Baghdad Bounedjah
Nabil Cheradi
Tamim Al-Dosari
Mosaab Al-Otaibi
Radhwan Al-Mousa
Hattan Bahebri
Mohamad Majarashi
References
External links
2011 UNAF U-23 Tournament - unaf-foot.com
2010
2011 in African football
International association football competitions hosted by Morocco
2011–12 in Moroccan football
2011–12 in Saudi Arabian football
2011–12 in Algerian football | [
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22623019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiji%20Fukuda | Keiji Fukuda | is a Japanese-American physician and epidemiologist, specializing in influenza epidemiology. He was an Assistant Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) from 2009 to 2016, and the Director of the School of Public Health at the University of Hong Kong (HKU) between 2017 and 2021.
Early life and education
Fukuda was born in Tokyo to a physician family. His parents were physicians; his father, David Minoru Fukuda, was an anesthesiologist and his mother, Michiko Fukuda (née Nakamura) was an obstetrician-gynecologist, although she did not practice in the United States. The senior Fukuda immigrated from Japan to Vermont in 1955, bringing along his family, and started practicing anesthesiology in Barre, Vermont, in 1957. Fukuda's mother passed away in 1993 and his father in 2006. Fukuda's older sister, Mariko, is a teacher and his younger brother, Christopher, is a urologist.
At the urging of one of his high school teachers, Fukuda went to Oberlin College in 1973 for undergraduate studies, finishing in 1978. Initially reluctant to follow in the family footsteps and hoping to become a filmmaker, he eventually pursued medicine at the University of Vermont College of Medicine (now Robert Larner College of Medicine), obtaining his MD degree in 1984.
He stayed in Tamil Nadu in South India for 6 months between his second and third year at medical school, working with indigenous tribes. It confirmed his interest in international medicine. He next completed his internal medicine residency and then a chief residency at Mount Zion Hospital (now part of the UCSF Medical Center) in San Francisco. Fukuda entered the University of California, Berkeley in 1988 and obtained a Master of Public Health (MPH) in epidemiology 1 year later.
Career
After completing his MPH, Fukuda worked in San Francisco Bay Area in clinics that focus on leprosy and tuberculosis, and then moved to Atlanta, Georgia, where he spent 2 years studying in the Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Fukuda joined the Viral Exanthems and Herpesvirus Branch at CDC after finishing the EIS program. Because of the idea that chronic fatigue syndrome was related to chronic viral infections, this group was also responsible for this disease. In 1994, Fukuda led a committee that revised the definition of the disease, which has since become the most widely used clinical and research definition of the illness.
In 1996, Fukuda became the chief of the Epidemiology and Prevention Branch at the CDC Influenza Division, after the Division approached him. In this position, he has led investigations into outbreaks of avian flu, including the one in 1997 in Hong Kong and another in 2004 in Vietnam. He was on the WHO expert panel investigating the 2003 SARS outbreak in China.
Fukuda joined the WHO in 2005 and became a scientist at the Global Influenza Program, and was promoted to coordinator in 2006 and director in 2008. In March 2009, Fukuda was appointed WHO Assistant Director-General ad interim for Health Security and Environment. The media referred to him as the WHO "flu chief" during the 2009 swine flu pandemic, when he was the face of the WHO to the media. He also admitted the communication from the WHO during the pandemic was inadequate. He was also the Special Adviser on Pandemic Influenza to the Director-General throughout the pandemic, from October 2009 to August 2010.
Fukuda officially became the Assistant Director-General for Health Security and Environment in 2010, until 2015 when he switched to the role of Assistant Director-General and Special Representative of the Director General for Antimicrobial Resistance.
In December 2016, Fukuda joined the School of Public Health at the University of Hong Kong as clinical professor, and also took up the position of School Director the next year. During the COVID-19 pandemic, he was one of four government advisors and often gave global and local media interviews. In October 2020, HKU reportedly would not renew his contract after it expired at the end of 2021., citing Fukuda's age has passed the university retirement age of 60 However, there were news that Fukuda has passed university's academic review, but the President and Vice-chancellor Xiang Zhang vetoed the renewal, as he did not meet the requirement of "top academic achievement". He left the government COVID-19 expert panel on December 1, and HKU on December 8, 2021, moving back to Atlanta, Georgia for retirement.
Personal life
Fukuda backpacked for nine months after his second, or sophomore year at the University of Vermont, traveling across Asia, the Middle East and Western Europe. He realized his love for traveling, and for "actually doing something", instead of simply being a tourist. Fukuda was married in 1990. He and his wife, Holly, have 2 daughters.
References
External links
Profile of Keiji Fukuda at the World Health Organization
(Archived by Wayback Machine)
1950s births
1955 births
Living people
American epidemiologists
University of Vermont alumni
Oberlin College alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of Hong Kong faculty
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention people
World Health Organization officials
Influenza researchers
American officials of the United Nations
People from Tokyo
American physicians of Japanese descent | [
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] |
69976445 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacklyn | Jacklyn | Jacklyn may refer to:
People
Jacklyn Frank, Antiguan and Barbudan politician first elected in 2017
Jacklyn H. Lucas (1928–2008), American World War II Marine awarded the Medal of Honor
Jacky Rosen (born 1957), American politician
Jackie Trad (born 1972), Australian former politician
Jacklyn Wu (born 1968), Taiwanese actress and singer
Jacklyn Zeman (born 1953), American actress
Robert Jacklyn (1922–2014), Australian physicist
Other uses
Jacklyn (ship), a landing platform ship
Mount Jacklyn, part of the Athos Range, Mac. Robertson Land, Antarctica
See also
Jaclyn, a feminine given name
Jacqueline (disambiguation) | [
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33985228 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry%20Taylor%20%28actor%29 | Larry Taylor (actor) | Larry Taylor (13 July 1918 – 6 August 2003) was an English actor and stuntman.
He spent a dozen years in the army before World War II. After demobilization he got a job in the film industry.
He was the father of Rocky Taylor. Taylor mainly played villainous supporting roles in dozens of UK films and television episodes from the 1950s until the early 1970s, when he moved to South Africa in the mid-1970s, and from then on he appeared in a mixture of international movies filmed there and domestic South African films and television episodes.
Selected filmography
The Captive Heart (1946) - Sergeant (uncredited)
No Orchids for Miss Blandish (1948) - Cop (uncredited)
Silent Dust (1949) - Lorry driver in flashback sequence (uncredited)
The Glass Mountain (1949) - Sleeping Man (uncredited)
Cardboard Cavalier (1949) - Rider (uncredited)
The Case of Charles Peace (1949) - Prison Guard on train (uncredited)
Dick Barton Strikes Back (1949) - Nick
Diamond City (1949) - Digger (uncredited)
Laughter in Paradise (1951) - Card Player (uncredited)
Wings of Danger (1952) - O'Gorman, henchman (uncredited)
Lady in the Fog (1952) - Hospital Attendant (uncredited)
The Gambler and the Lady (1952) - Shadow (uncredited)
Three Steps to the Gallows (1953) - Sam
Sea Devils (1953) - Blasquito
Johnny on the Run (1953) - Bert (uncredited)
Take a Powder (1953) - Spike
Johnny on the Spot (1954) - (uncredited)
Five Days (1954) - Tough in Bar (uncredited)
Breakaway (1955) - Second Kidnapper (uncredited)
Cloak Without Dagger (1956) - Sergeant Blake
Alexander the Great (1956) - Perdiccas
Port Afrique (1956) - the First Arab
You Pay Your Money (1957) - 2nd. Thug
Kill Me Tomorrow (1957) - Carson
Robbery Under Arms (1957) - Burke
The Gypsy and the Gentleman (1958) - Cropped Harry
Carve Her Name with Pride (1958) - German Soldier on Train (uncredited)
Wonderful Things! (1958) - Minor Role (uncredited)
A Night to Remember (1958) - Seaman (uncredited)
The Gun Runners (1958) - (uncredited)
The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw (1958) - The Gun Guard
The Man Who Liked Funerals (1959) - Maxie
First Man Into Space (1959) - Shore Patrolman - Taylor
The Bandit of Zhobe (1959) - Ahmed
Two Way Stretch (1960) - Rockingham Quarry Prison Warder (uncredited)
The Shakedown (1960) - 2nd Thug
And the Same to You (1960) - Chappy Tuck
Too Hot to Handle (1960) - Mouth
The Criminal (1960) - Charles
Swiss Family Robinson (1960) - Battoo - Pirate
The Professionals (1960) - Cairns
The Bulldog Breed (1960) - Fraser (uncredited)
She'll Have to Go (1961) - Train Driver
The Singer Not the Song (1961) - Gang Member (uncredited)
The Long Shadow (1961) - Heinz
Information Received (1961) - Darnell
Never Back Losers (1961) - Reilly
Crosstrap (1962) - Peron
K.I.L. 1 (1962)
Nudes of All Nations (1962) - Villager (uncredited)
In Search of the Castaways (1962) - Ayerton Hijacker One (uncredited)
On the Beat (1962) - O'Flynn's Henchman (uncredited)
Lawrence of Arabia (1962) Turkish Soldier (uncredited)
Time to Remember (1962) - Garritty
That Kind of Girl (1963)
Cleopatra (1963) - Roman Officer (uncredited)
The Girl Hunters (1963) - The Dragon
The Man Who Finally Died (1963) - Ernst (uncredited)
Zulu (1964) - Hughes
King and Country (1964) - Sergeant Major
The Curse of the Mummy's Tomb (1964) - Swordsman (uncredited)
Young Cassidy (1965) - 2nd Theatre Thug (uncredited)
The High Bright Sun (1965) - Minor Role (uncredited)
The Intelligence Men (1965) - Stagehand (uncredited)
Judith (1966)
Arabesque (1966) - Beshraavi's Henchman (uncredited)
Kaleidoscope (1966) - Dominion Chauffeur
The Magnificent Two (1967) - Paco
Follow That Camel (1967) - Riff
Casino Royale (1967) - Russian Officer / Cowboy (uncredited)
Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush (1968) - Thug in Daydream (uncredited)
Carry On Up the Khyber (1968) - Burpa at Door-Grid (uncredited)
Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) - Lieutenant
The File of the Golden Goose (1969) - Thug
The Best House in London (1969) - Toff (uncredited)
One More Time (1970) - Man In pub (uncredited)
The Wife Swappers (1970) - Leonard
A Promise of Bed (1970) - Policeman
The Last Valley (1971) - Garnak
Kidnapped (1971) - (uncredited)
Mary, Queen of Scots (1971) - Laird (uncredited)
Nobody Ordered Love (1972) - Camera operator
Lady Caroline Lamb (1972) - Man at Bare Knuckle Fight (uncredited)
Ooh… You Are Awful (1972) - Hood
Psychomania (1973) - Lorry Driver (uncredited)
Thriller (UK TV series) (1973 Episode: An Echo of Theresa) - Sagar
The Creeping Flesh (1973) - 1st Warder
And Now the Screaming Starts! (1973) - Bearded drunk
The MacKintosh Man (1973) - Inmate (uncredited)
S*P*Y*S (1974) - Lippet's Bodyguard
Carry on Dick (1974) - Tough man
De Wet's Spoor (1975) - Troop Sgt. Phillips
One Away (1976) - Foreman
My Way II (1977)
Golden Rendezvous (1977) - an Attacker
Mister Deathman (1977) - Vlees / Vlees' Twin
Slavers (1978) - Captain George Williams
Zulu Dawn (1979) - Grenadier (uncredited)
Prisoners of the Lost Universe (1983) - Vosk
Stoney: The One and Only (1984) - Fight announcer
Go for the Gold (1984) - Desk clerk
Gor (1987) - King Marlenus
An African Dream (1987) - Arthur Sharp
Skeleton Coast (1988) - Robbins
Outlaw of Gor (1988) - Marlenus
Lethal Woman (1988) - General Grant
Out on Bail (1989) - Judge Creighton
Burndown (1990) - Chuck
The Mangler (1995) - Sheriff Hughes (final film role)
References
External links
Larry Taylor(Aveleyman)
1918 births
2003 deaths
People from Peterborough
British male film actors
British male television actors
British Army personnel of World War II
British emigrants to South Africa | [
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] |
52557733 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fida%20Hussain%20Malik | Fida Hussain Malik | Major General Fida Hussain Malik is a Pakistani two-star general who commanded 11th Infantry Division in Lahore.
In February 2014, he was promoted to the rank of major general. Major General Fida Hussain Malik was awarded Hilal-e-Imtiaz Military on 23 March 2018. Presently, the officer is appointed as Director General Defence Complex Islamabad and is due to retire on 12 February 2021
In 2016, he was named as the director-general Logistics at the GHQ.
References
Living people
Pakistani generals
Punjabi people
Year of birth missing (living people) | [
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] |
50719831 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%2011%20PM%20telenovelas%20of%20Rede%20Globo | List of 11 PM telenovelas of Rede Globo | TV Globo (formerly Rede Globo) produced its first telenovela for the 11 pm time slot in 2011. These telenovelas often have nudity, violence, and coarse language. The longest telenovela was Gabriela, which ran for 77 episodes. They were initially remakes from previous productions but lately they are original productions.
See also
List of 8/9 PM telenovelas of Rede Globo
List of Rede Globo telenovelas
References
TV Globo telenovelas
Rede Globo 23
Brazil culture-related lists
Brazilian television-related lists | [
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38868161 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%20UEFA%20Women%27s%20Under-17%20Championship%20qualification | 2014 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship qualification | The qualification rounds for the 2014 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship were a series of association football matches between national teams to determine the participants to the European Youth Championship. The first matches were played on 2 July 2013.
All times are CEST (UTC+02:00).
Qualification modus
Qualifying round
The qualifying round was played from 2 July to 11 August 2013. Top seeded teams Germany, Spain and France received a bye to the second round. The draw was made on 20 November 2012.
Tiebreakers
Tie-breakers between teams with the same number of points are:
Higher number of points obtained in the matches played between the teams in question
Superior goal difference resulting from the matches played between the teams in question
Higher number of goals scored in the matches played between the teams in question
If now two teams still are tied, reapply tie-breakers 1–3, if this does not break the tie, go on.
Superior goal difference in all group matches
Higher number of goals scored in all group matches
Drawing of lots
Group 1
Hosted by Scotland.
Group 2
Hosted by Estonia.
Group 3
Hosted by Ukraine.
Group 4
Hosted by Russia.
Group 5
Hosted by Moldova.
Group 6
Hosted by Israel.
Group 7
Hosted by Slovenia.
Group 8
Hosted by Poland.
Group 9
Hosted by Bulgaria.
Group 10
Hosted by Denmark.
Ranking of third-placed teams
To determine the best third-placed team from the qualifying round, only the results against the top two teams in each group were taken into account.
The following criteria are applied to determine the rankings:
higher number of points obtained in these matches
superior goal difference from these matches
higher number of goals scored in these matches
fair play conduct of the teams in all group matches in the qualifying round
drawing of lots
Elite round
21 teams from the qualifying round are joined by Germany, Spain and France to make it a total of 24 teams. The round consists of six groups with four teams in each group. Group winners and the best second-placed team advance to the final tournament in England. The draw was held on 15 August 2013.
Tiebreakers
Tie-breakers between teams with the same number of points are:
Higher number of points obtained in the matches played between the teams in question
Superior goal difference resulting from the matches played between the teams in question
Higher number of goals scored in the matches played between the teams in question
If now two teams still are tied, reapply tie-breakers 1–3, if this does not break the tie, go on.
Superior goal difference in all group matches
Higher number of goals scored in all group matches
Drawing of lots
Group 1
Hosted by Romania.
Group 2
Hosted by Austria.
Group 3
Hosted by Portugal.
Group 4
Hosted by Northern Ireland.
Group 5
Hosted by Hungary.
Group 6
Hosted by Germany.
Ranking of second-placed teams
To determine the best runners-up from the elite round, only the results against the top two teams in each group were taken into account.
The following criteria are applied to determine the rankings:
higher number of points obtained in these matches
superior goal difference from these matches
higher number of goals scored in these matches
fair play conduct of the teams in all group matches in the elite round
drawing of lots
References
External links
UEFA.com
Qualification
Women's Under-17 Championship qualification
2013 in women's association football
2014
2013 in youth sport | [
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20233221 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod%20Boxberger | Rod Boxberger | Rodney Warren Boxberger (born August 22, 1957 in Santa Ana, California) is a former starting pitcher who is most notable for winning the 1978 College World Series Most Outstanding Player award while a junior at the University of Southern California (USC).
Professional career
Boxberger was drafted twice by two different major league teams. In the 1975 amateur draft, he was taken in the second round by the New York Mets. In 1978, he was taken in the first round, 11th overall, by the Houston Astros. He played six years professionally, never reaching the big leagues.
His first professional season was 1978. He split the season between the Daytona Beach Astros and Columbus Astros. He went 1–2 with a 1.20 ERA in three games with Daytona Beach and 5–5 with a 4.18 ERA in 11 games with Columbus. In 1979, Boxberger played with the Columbus Astros again, going 6–7 with a 4.80 ERA in 21 games. For the third year in a row, Boxberger played with Columbus again in 1980, and for the third year in a row his stats dropped. He went 4–13 with a 5.62 ERA in 23 games in 1980.
He wound up in the New York Yankees organization in 1981, playing for the Double-A Nashville Sounds. He went 4–9 with a 4.54 ERA in 23 games that year. Boxberger played the final two years of his professional career in the California Angels organization. In 1982, he played for the Holyoke Millers, going 5–9 with a 3.78 ERA. He played for the Nashua Angels in 1983, going 5–10 with a 5.43 ERA.
Overall, Boxberger has a career record of 30–55 with a 4.67 ERA in 134 minor league games. He had poor control, walking 504 batters and striking out only 389 in 702 innings.
Personal
Boxberger graduated from Foothill High School in Santa Ana, California. His son, Brad Boxberger, plays in MLB.
External links
Living people
1957 births
USC Trojans baseball players
Daytona Beach Astros players
Columbus Astros players
Nashville Sounds players
Holyoke Millers players
Nashua Angels players
College World Series Most Outstanding Player Award winners | [
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33805870 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wandown%20Important%20Bird%20Area | Wandown Important Bird Area | The Wandown Important Bird Area comprises a 48 km2 disjunct tract of remnant mallee habitat in northern Victoria, south-eastern Australia. It lies close to the junction of the Murray and Murrumbidgee Rivers, some 50 km south-east of the town of Robinvale and 75 km north-west of the city of Swan Hill.
Description
The Important Bird Area (IBA) consists of three separate properties: Wandown Flora and Fauna Reserve, Menzies Nature Conservation Reserve, and the Boundary Bend property owned and managed by Trust For Nature. The vegetation is dominated by mallee woodland and shrubland communities with patches of semiarid non-eucalypt woodland on calcareous dunes with loamy or sandy soils. The northernmost section of Boundary Bend is dominated by lignum and other non-mallee communities. The area has a warm, dry climate with mean maximum temperatures ranging from 33 °C in January to 15.7 °C in July, and mean annual rainfall of 320 mm.
Flora and fauna
Of the more than 200 species of plants recorded in the IBA, several are listed as threatened, including the yellow Swainson-pea. Mitchell's hopping mice and common brushtail possums are present.
Birds
The site has been identified as an IBA by BirdLife International because it supports a breeding population of malleefowl as well as foraging habitat for regent parrots. Other birds recorded in the IBA include striated grasswrens, shy heathwrens, black honeyeaters, flame robins, southern scrub-robins, chestnut quail-thrushes, chestnut-crowned babblers and black honeyeaters.
References
Important Bird Areas of Victoria (Australia)
Mallee (Victoria)
Mallee Woodlands and Shrublands | [
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51514896 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santi%20Materno%20e%20Lucia%2C%20Lecco | Santi Materno e Lucia, Lecco | Santi Materno e Lucia is a Roman Catholic parish church and former Convente of the Cappuccini are located on Piazza San Cristoforo in the neighborhood of Pescarenico in the town of Lecco, region of Lombardy, Italy.
The church was originally dedicated to St Francis and commissioned, along with an adjacent Capuchin monastery, in 1576 by Cardinal Carlo Borromeo. It was consecrated in 1600. The monks remained in the monastery until expelled by the Napoleonic government in 1810. In 1824-1834, the church was refurbished by Giuseppe Bovara, and which led to a rededication to the two saints.
The interior ceiling was decorated with paintings in the early 19th century by Luigi Tagliaferri. on the right, an altarpiece houses a canvas depicting the Vision of the Holy Trinity before St Francis and St Gregory the Great; this is one of the masterworks by Giovanni Battista Crespi, also called il Cerano. The third chapel on the left has a late-baroque wooden statue of an Addolorata, and 9 wax panels depicting Franciscan Miracles attributed to an unknown Neapolitan artist.
The convent has had some reuse in this century by Franciscans. The Franciscan order of Capuchins are now re-established in the church and convent of San Francesco d'Assisi in the outskirts of town.
References
Roman Catholic churches in Lecco
16th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1600
1600 establishments in Italy | [
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] |
21998827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusinowo%2C%20S%C5%82awno%20County | Rusinowo, Sławno County | Rusinowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Postomino, within Sławno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately west of Postomino, north-west of Sławno, and north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.
Before 1945 the area was part of Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
The village has a population of 282.
References
Villages in Sławno County | [
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25549895 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene%20F.%20Lally | Eugene F. Lally | Eugene F. Lally (August 14, 1934 – July 28, 2014) was American aerospace engineer. He worked in the early 1960s on U.S. interplanetary space programs. Beside his space programs he was also an inventor and developed non-space products with his own company Dynamic Development Co. which he founded in the early 1960s. He later became an active amateur photographer and lubrication product entrepreneur. Lally contributed articles for popular space, astrobiology, photography, travel, and archaeology magazines. He was also a speaker at local space exploration and extraterrestrial intelligence (UFO) society meetings where he gave first-hand accounts of the early U.S. space program, commentaries on current U.S. space exploration activities and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
Personal life and education
Lally was born in South Boston, Massachusetts in 1934. In his early days his mother gave him a Kodak Box camera which he loved and sparked his interest in photography. At the age of 14, when color film became available, he developed a way to reduce the red-eye problem caused by using strobes. His solution was printed in a photography magazine and his concept is used to this day. He received a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from Northeastern University in 1957. Upon graduation he relocated to California to work in the early U.S. space program first at Convair in San Diego, California and then to JPL in Pasadena and finally to Space-General Corporation in El Monte. He submitted his last white paper to NASA in 1966 before permanently leaving the U.S. space program for other pursuits.
During his employment at Convair he had the chance to work with Krafft A. Ehricke, the famous German rocket scientist from Peenemünde. Lally continued to collaborate with him through space societies after Lally left to work for JPL. While on Ehricke's team he worked on the Atlas Mercury vehicle and designed the escape rocket system.
Aerospace papers
While working at JPL and later at Convair, Lally wrote internal and space conference papers proposing various spacecraft designs and methods to explore the Moon, Mercury, Mars, and Jupiter.
His last paper, a white paper for NASA Ames Research Center, was concerned with deep space communications for missions to Saturn, comets, asteroids, and solar system escape. He claims that this paper lead to direct TV satellite broadcasting such as DirecTV.
Lally claims that he proposed crewed mars missions using nuclear propulsion stages and designed optical guidance and navigation for astronauts' on-board use.
Lally proposed gravity simulation for crewed Mars missions in an article he wrote for 1962 space trade magazine. He contributed information to a newspaper article on the subject also.
Perhaps the most suggestive (in retrospect) of Lally's papers was an American Rocket Society conference paper presented in 1961 on "mosaic guidance", with related popular and trade magazine articles following in 1962.
His proposal was an array of electro-optical sensors connected to an on-board "computer" that would provide autonomous navigation by tracking the relative movement of stars and planetary occultations during space flight and planetary landings. All modern spacecraft navigation systems, such as "AutoNav", are derived from his proposals. It was also the first presentation of a digital photography concept and digital camera design usable on spacecraft and for general photography. Lally is widely acknowledged for coining the words Digital Photography.
Lally's 1960s papers were forward looking and suggestive (in retrospect). His Mosaic Guidance paper was later reviewed by Bell Laboratories. Fairchild Semiconductor picked up Bell's work on imaging sensors and approached him in 1973 with a CCD and asked him to build a digital camera prototype according to his Mosaic Guidance proposal, Lally had to decline as he was too busy working on space programs, developing products with his company and other activities. Lally suggested they contact Kodak which they did and Kodak accepted.
Later contributions
He is best known for a talk he gave at the SETI Institute in 2008 as part of their lecture series. In the talk he discussed the accomplishments of space pioneers: Robert Goddard, Hermann Oberth, Wernher von Braun, and Ehricke. Lally too made fundamental contributions to space exploration. Lally contributed articles to popular science print magazines and online publications on the subjects of extraterrestrial intelligence searches, space exploration and other topics.
Lally began contributing technical papers for amateur photography magazines in 2002.
Later he began contributing photo-anthropology articles primarily focused on Native Americans in the United States.
From 2004 on Lally focused his work on household lubrication products that his company in California, Dynamic Development Co., produced. In the product promotional materials he stated that the products were developed in the early 1960s when he worked at JPL and at the same time he built and raced sports cars.
References
External links
How Spaceflight Was Born A YouTube video of the self-promoting talk by Lally for a SETI Institute meeting in 2008.
Lally Photography Lally's amateur photography collection.
Anti Wear 1 The home page for a lubrication product and a company founded and promoted by Lally.
Obituary
1934 births
2014 deaths
American engineers
American photographers
Northeastern University alumni | [
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62320759 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Froschauer%20%28surname%29 | Froschauer (surname) | Froschauer is a German-language surname.
People
Christoph Froschauer (ca. 1490–1564), printer in Zürich
Froschauer Bibel, a Zwinglian bible printed in Zürich from 1525 by Christoph Froschauer
Daniel Froschauer (born 1965), Austrian classical violinist, member of the board of directors of the Vienna Philharmonic (son of Hellmuth)
Helmuth Froschauer (1933–2019), Austrian conductor, especially a choral conductor (father of Daniel)
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450805 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maseru%20District | Maseru District | Maseru is a district of Lesotho. Maseru is also the name of the district's capital, and is the only city in the district and also the capital of the country. It is the largest urban area in the country, and therefore the only city. The city of Maseru is located on Lesotho's western border with the Free State Province of South Africa, the frontier being the Caledon River. Maseru borders on Berea District in north, Thaba-Tseka District in the east, Mohale's Hoek District in south, and Mafeteng District in southwest.
As of 2006, the district had a population of 431,998 which was 23.02 per cent of the total population of the country. The total area of the district was 4,279 which was 14.10 per cent of the total area of the country. The density of population in the district was 101.00 per sq. km. As of 2008, there were 52 economically active people in the district. There were totally 294,062 employed people out of a total of 585,770 people in the district above 15 years of age.
Demographics
As of 2006, the district had a population of 431,998, 23.02 per cent of the population of the country. The area of the district was 4,279 square kilometers, 14.10 per cent of the country. The population density was 101.00 persons per square kilometre, compared to the 62 for the country. There were eighteen constituencies and twenty-three community counciles in the district. As of 2006, 1318 people tested HIV positive, 25.50 per cent of the HIV-positive persons in the country. 522 of these (18.10%) were men; 796 (29.90%) were women.
Economy
As of 2008, there were totally 294,062 employed people out of a total of 585,770 people in the district above 15 years of age. The employed population in the age group of 6–14 years was 2,454 out of a total of 157,714 people in the district in the age group. The labour force participation stood at 197.80. The number of people involved in subsistence agriculture is 1,380 and the number of people in other sectors was 1,074. The number of unemployed people in the district was 90,050 and the unemployment rate was 070. The total area planted in 2009 was 20,998 which formed 5.20 per cent of the total area planted in the country. The total production was 10,773 tonnes, which was 7.15 per cent of the totals in the country. The major crop was maize, while wheat, sorghum, beans and peas were the other crops planted. The total production of maize was 8,891 tonnes, beans was 120 tonnes, sorghum was 066 tonnes, peas was 1,066 tonnes and wheat was 630 tonnes as of 2008. As of 2007, there were a total of of paved roads in the district, with paved roads and of unpaved roads.
Geography
The city of Maseru is located on Lesotho's western border with the Free State Province of South Africa, the frontier being the Caledon River (Sesotho: Mohokare). Maseru borders on the following districts, namely, Berea District in north, Thaba-Tseka District in the east, Mohale's Hoek District in south, and Mafeteng District in southwest. The Western districts of Lesotho has predominantly low land zone with an elevation of above the sea level. These lands are the major agricultural zones in the country. The average annual rainfall in the country is , most of which is received during the rainy season of October to April. Though it rains during all the months of the year, groundwater is limited on account of run-offs. The region has a temperate climate on account of the elevation and is humid during most parts of the year. The temperature in low lands vary from to in the winter.
Constituencies
Constituencies of Maseru District are Koro-Koro, Lithabaneng, Lithoteng, Maama, Machache, Makhaleng, 'Maletsunyane, Maseru Central, Matsieng, Motimposo, Qeme, Qoaling, Rothe, Stadium Area, Thaba-Bosiu and Thaba-Putsoa. The community councils of Maseru District are Abia, Likalaneng, Lilala, Lithabaneng, Lithoteng, Makheka, Makhoarane, Makhalaneng, Makolopetsane, Manonyane, Maseru Central, Mazenod, Mohlakeng, Motimposo, Nyakosoba, Qiloane, Qoaling, Ratau, Ribaneng, Semonkong, Stadium Area and Telle As per the 1968 Local Government Repeal Act - Development Committees Order No.9 of 1986, a District Development Committee (DDC) should have a set of Ward Development Committees (WDC) for each ward and Village Development Committees (VDC) under it. Each VDC has a set of seven elected members and the head would be an ex-officio member and chairman of the committee. The WDC is composed of twelve members elected from about VDCs, whose chairman would be and ex-officio member. The fifteen-membered DDC is elected by the members of WDC. When there are cases of more than one DDC, the chiefs would alternate in meetings. The district secretary co-ordinates the activities of the various committees. As per the Local Government Amendment Act 2004, the District Development Coordination Committee was established as the supreme body of district administration, under which all the district councils were branched. The urban and municipal councils were under each district council, which in turn had community councils under it. The Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) is responsible for the administration of the Local Government Elections. The nation's first local government elections were conducted on April 2005, while the most recent elections were held in October 2011. During these elections, 64 community councils, 11 urban
councils and one municipal council were elected.
References
External links
Districts of Lesotho | [
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63321012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karla%20Avelar | Karla Avelar | Karla Avelar (born 1978) is a Salvadoran transgender rights activist. She is the Executive Director of Comcavis Trans,
Biography
She has received several death threats, and survived assassination attempts. The first assassination attempt to her life was in 1992, when she was just a teen, she was able to disarm her assailant who drew a .45 at Avelar.
Works
In 2008, Avelar founded the support organization for transgenders called COMCAVIS TRANS, it was founded as a response to the needs felt by TRANS women participating in the various support groups (people with HIV) to feel discriminated against, not represented and did not obtain the required information according to their own characteristics.
Awards
She was a finalist of the Martin Ennals Award for Human Rights Defenders in the year of 2017.
References
External links
Comcavis Trans website
1978 births
Living people | [
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26316000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Prime%20Minister%27s%20Secret%20Diplomacy | The Prime Minister's Secret Diplomacy | is a one-shot Japanese manga written and illustrated by Youka Nitta. It is licensed in North America by 801 Media in January 2008.
Reception
Patricia Beard felt that Nitta's research into international diplomacy made the manga much more interesting, and she also enjoyed the atypical characterisation of Yoshinaga. Holly Ellingwood felt that the manga was Nitta's "best storytelling and artistry to date" Leroy Douresseaux praised Nitta's "attention to detail". In a poll at About.com, the manga was ranked fourth "Best New Boy's Love Manga" of 2008.
References
External links
Drama anime and manga
Josei manga
2006 manga
Yaoi anime and manga
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56077161 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amita%20Berthier | Amita Berthier | Amita Berthier (born 15 December 2000) is a Singaporean fencer based in US. She attends the University of Notre Dame. On 16 December 2017, Berthier, a left-handed foil fencer, became the first Singaporean fencer to win a Junior World Cup title at the Havana leg in Cuba in the eight-leg series.
In April 2021, she qualified for the Singapore Olympic team at the 2020 Summer Olympics, becoming the first Singaporean to win a spot through qualifying tournament.
References
External links
2000 births
Living people
Singaporean female foil fencers
Fencers at the 2018 Asian Games
Asian Games bronze medalists for Singapore
Asian Games medalists in fencing
Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games
Competitors at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games
Southeast Asian Games medalists in fencing
Southeast Asian Games gold medalists for Singapore
Fencers at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic fencers of Singapore | [
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] |
24571166 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yian | Yian | Yian or Yi'an may refer to:
Places in China
Yi'an County (依安縣), a county in Heilongjiang province
Yi'an District (義安區), a district in Anhui province
Yi'an Town, Heilongjiang (依安镇), a town and the county seat of Yi'an County, Heilongjiang
Yi'an, Shijiazhuang (宜安镇), a township-level division of Luquan, Shijiazhuang, Hebei
Yi'an, Laishui County (义安镇), a town in Laishui County, Hebei province
Yi'an, Shanxi (义安镇), a town in Jiexiu, Jinzhong Prefecture, Shanxi province
Yian (乂安), a prefecture in the Chinese province of Jiaozhi in northern Vietnam
People
Fong Kay Yian (born 1996), Singaporean diver
Li Yian, Chinese footballer in the 2004–05 Hong Kong Senior Challenge Shield
Sun Yian, Chinese screenwriter nominated in 1995 for the Golden Rooster Award for Best Writing
Tan Bee Yian, Singaporean bowler at the 2005 Southeast Asian Games
Yian Shi, discoverer of Shi epoxidation in 1996
Yian Yiru (一庵一如), Chinese ambassador during the 1401–1402 Japanese mission to Ming China
Huang Yian, a name for Yuri Huang (born 1986), Chinese artist
Fictional
Yian (fictional city), in "The Maker of Moons", an 1896 short story by Robert Chambers
Yian Yang, main character in the Chinese TV series Beautiful Life
See also
Empress Yi'an (disambiguation) | [
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34041140 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgi%20Hristakiev | Georgi Hristakiev | Georgi Hristakiev (Bulgarian: Георги Христакиев; 28 June 1944 – 4 April 2016) was a Bulgarian footballer who played as a defender. He competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, where he won a silver medal with the Bulgarian team. At club level Hristakiev achieved prominence during his successful stint with Lokomotiv Sofia.
References
1944 births
2016 deaths
Bulgarian footballers
Bulgaria international footballers
Olympic footballers of Bulgaria
Footballers at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for Bulgaria
Olympic medalists in football
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
PFC Beroe Stara Zagora players
FC Spartak Plovdiv players
FC Lokomotiv 1929 Sofia players
PFC Slavia Sofia players
PFC Lokomotiv Plovdiv players
Sportspeople from Stara Zagora
Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Association football defenders | [
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] |
41614171 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regina%20Egea | Regina Egea | Regina M. Egea served as the Chief of Staff to the Governor of New Jersey, Chris Christie. She was appointed in December 2013 and resigned in April 2016. She is the president of Garden State Initiative, a public policy think tank based in Morristown, New Jersey, which was founded in 2017.
Background
Egea is a native of Monmouth County and attended St. Rose High School. She graduated from Montclair State University with a bachelor's degree in business and managerial economics and holds a master's in Business Administration in Marketing from Fordham University and from the International Executive Program at the International Institute for Management Development. Egea was a Senior VP of AT&T.
From 2003 to 2008, Egea sat on the Harding Township, New Jersey Board of Education. While on the Board, she successfully conducted the search for a School Superintendent in 2007. In 2008 she was elected to the position of Committee Member in Harding Township (the only female member) and was Deputy Mayor from 2010 to 2011.
She supported the Jersey Battered Women's Shelter in 2013 and is a current member of the Board of Trustees of the Harding Kemmerer Library. She sat on the Harding Township Board of Education from 2004 to 2008.
Christie administration
In 2009, Egea became policy adviser to the 2009 Christie campaign for governor. She became Chief of Staff to the State Treasurer Andrew Sidamon-Eristoff. In 2012, Egea became a member of Board of Trustees of the North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority. Egea became Director of the Authorities Unit of the Governor's Office. In December 2013, Christie chose her as chief of staff to replace Kevin O'Dowd, who he nominated to be the new state Attorney-General.
Egea became the subject of increasing media scrutiny in January 2014. and is one of several New Jersey state employees within the governor's administration who was subpoenaed by the New Jersey Legislature panel investigating the Fort Lee lane closure scandal. Egea, who had learned of the lane closures on September 13, 2013, after their reversal and later assisted Bill Baroni (former Deputy Executive Director of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey) to prepare for his testimony for the same committee, was not accused of wrongdoing. She testified on July 17, 2014. Her testimony indicated that she had contact with the governor about the matter and had deleted numerous telephone text messages regarding it, but could not recall when she had done so. Phone records subpoenaed from AT&T show that there were 12 additional texts sent between Egea and Christie. An interim report by the state legislature said that the governor's office could not provide the content of any of the nine sent by Egea and three by the governor. The content of the texts remains controversial in trials related to the lane closures. In a June 2016 ruling, a federal judge said that the subpoena requests for Egea's phone records were too broad; the hearing did not clarify its whereabouts.
Garden State Initiative
Egea is founder and president of the Garden State Initiative, a think tank addressing economic and fiscal matters in the state of New Jersey.
See also
Governorship of Chris Christie
List of people involved in the Fort Lee lane closure scandal
References
New Jersey Republicans
American political consultants
Living people
People from Harding Township, New Jersey
People from Monmouth County, New Jersey
Montclair State University alumni
St. Rose High School alumni
Women in New Jersey politics
Year of birth missing (living people)
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] |
57249843 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adoneta%20spinuloides | Adoneta spinuloides | Adoneta spinuloides, the purple-crested slug moth, is a species of slug caterpillar moth in the family Limacodidae.
The MONA or Hodges number for Adoneta spinuloides is 4685.
References
Further reading
External links
Limacodidae
Articles created by Qbugbot
Moths described in 1854 | [
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31008106 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro%20national%20futsal%20team | Montenegro national futsal team | The Montenegro national futsal team is controlled by the Football Association of Montenegro, the governing body for futsal in Montenegro and represents the country in international futsal competitions, such as the World Cup and the European Championships. The head coach of Monetenegro national futsal team is Sveto Ljesar.
Competition history
FIFA Futsal World Cup
2008 – did not qualify
2012 – did not qualify
2016 – did not qualify
2020 - did not qualify
UEFA Futsal Championship
Portugal 2007 - did not qualify
Hungary 2010 - did not qualify
Croatia 2012 - did not qualify
Belgium 2014 - did not qualify
Serbia 2016 - did not qualify
Slovenia 2018 - did not qualify
Netherlands 2022 - TBD
See also
Montenegrin Futsal First League
References
External links
Football Association of Montenegro (Montenegrin)
Montenegro
Futsal
Futsal in Montenegro | [
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59199898 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20Rocchia | Christopher Rocchia | Christopher Rocchia (born 1 February 1998) is a French professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Ligue 2 club Dijon.
Club career
Marseille
Rocchia made his professional debut on 29 November 2018 in the UEFA Europa League Group Stage against Eintracht Frankfurt. He replaced Bouna Sarr after 80 minutes in a 4–0 away loss.
Sochaux (loan)
He was loaned to Sochaux in January 2019 until the end of the season. Upon his return to Marseille, he failed to establish himself in the first squad, and on 2 September 2019 he returned to Sochaux for another loan.
Dijon
On 15 June 2021, he moved to Dijon as a free agent on a two-year contract.
Personal life
Born in France, Rocchia is of Comorian descent.
Career statistics
Club
References
External links
Marseille profile
1998 births
Living people
Footballers from Marseille
French footballers
French people of Comorian descent
Olympique de Marseille players
FC Sochaux-Montbéliard players
Dijon FCO players
Ligue 1 players
Ligue 2 players
Association football defenders | [
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63037335 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LWF%20model%20V | LWF model V | The LWF model V is an American two-seat reconnaissance and training biplane built during World War One, and used for a short period afterwards. A variant specially built to test the Liberty L-12 aircraft engine, the model F, was the first aircraft to fly powered by that widely used engine.
Design and development
The model V's most notable feature was its wooden monocoque fuselage, built up of three layers of wooden strips with layers of silk between them. One layer was run fore and aft, while the other two were perpendicular to each other, running in a corkscrew spiral around the fuselage.
The two-bay biplane wings had ailerons on the top wing only, and the span of the upper wing was greater than that of the lower wing, with the extra length braced with the aid of kingposts and wires above the top wing on early examples, and additional struts angled outwards, affixed to the lower wing on later examples. All but the earliest Thomas-powered examples and the model F also had the wings swept back.
The engine was mounted behind an oval car-type frontal radiator, and enclosed in metal panels that streamlined the forward fuselage, although the later versions dispensed with some of the fairing panels.
Both undercarriage and empennage were conventional for the period, with fore and aft vees connected laterally with the axle and a spreader bar.
Operational history
A modified variant of the V, the F, was the first aircraft to fly with the new Liberty L-12 engine that would find widespread use in the latter part of World War One. The model F in turn led to the "Reconnaissance", an intended production variant of the F, which in turn evolved into the LWF model G, although none of these would see large scale production.
The model V was primarily relegated to training as its performance was not competitive when compared to available French and British military reconnaissance aircraft. As a result, a large number were available when the Czech legions supporting the White Russian (Tsarist) contingent were seeking military aircraft, however by then they were in very poor shape, and only a small number of the 28 that were shipped were even flyable, and even those were found to be of little use, but desperation forced the Czechs to use them for reconnaissance. The sole surviving example was from this contingent.
After the war, LWF attempted to interest the United States Post Office in them as mailplanes, however the sole example doesn't appear to have ever carried the mail, and no orders were forthcoming.
A small number were fitted with floats, with one example being used by the Michigan State Militia until it was overturned in a storm. It does not appear to have been repaired afterwards.
Variants
info from www.aerofiles.com (2008)
V Thomas engine
V-1 Sturtevant engine
VH-1 Seagull floatplane variant
V-2 Hall-Scott engine
V-3 Sturtevant engine
F modified V-2 variant built to test Liberty L-12 engine, one built.
F-7 Reconnaissance production variant of model F, one or two built.
Mailplane extensively modified for the United States Postal Service, one built.
Operators
info from www.aerofiles.com (2008)
Czechoslovakian Air Force - bought 28 well worn second-hand examples from the USAAS.
Glavvozduhflot - captured a small number of examples from the retreating Czechoslovakians
United States Army Air Service - purchased 135 examples
United States Post Office - tested one example
Michigan State Militia - operated a VH-1 until damaged in a storm
Survivors and aircraft on display
The sole surviving example of an LWF model V is made up from parts from several surviving examples that had been used by the Czech legions, and is on display at the Národní technické muzeum in Prague, where it is suspended from the ceiling, marked as number 4.
Specifications (model V-1)
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
L-W-F aircraft
1910s United States military reconnaissance aircraft
Biplanes
Aircraft first flown in 1917
Single-engined tractor aircraft | [
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57308668 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corimelaena%20incognita | Corimelaena incognita | Corimelaena incognita is a species of ebony bug in the family Thyreocoridae. It is found in Central America and North America.
References
External links
Shield bugs
Articles created by Qbugbot
Insects described in 1933 | [
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3536724 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20A.%20McMahon | John A. McMahon | John A. McMahon (February 19, 1833 – March 8, 1923) was a three-term United States Representative from Ohio from 1875 to 1881. He was the nephew of Clement Vallandigham, another Representative from Ohio.
Biography
McMahon was born in Frederick County, Maryland, and graduated from St. Xavier College in 1849. He taught at Xavier for a year, and settled in Dayton, Ohio, in 1852. He studied law with his uncle, Vallandigham, and was admitted to the bar in 1854, forming a partnership with his uncle. In 1861 he formed a partnership with George W. Houk, which lasted 19 years. He was elected to the Forty-fourth, Forty-fifth, and Forty-sixth United States Congresses, from 1875 until 1881.
McMahon was appointed by the House of Representatives as a manager to conduct impeachment proceedings against Secretary of War William W. Belknap. He was unsuccessful for re-election in 1880 and returned to private law practice in Dayton. He served as the president of the Ohio State Bar Association in 1886, and was a losing candidate for the Senate in 1889. He died in Dayton and was buried in Woodland Cemetery.
McMahon was married January 23, 1861, to Mollie R. Sprigg, of Cumberland, Maryland. They had a son, J. Sprigg McMahon, and daughter, Louise McMahon.
References
1833 births
1923 deaths
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio
People from Frederick County, Maryland
Politicians from Dayton, Ohio
Burials at Woodland Cemetery and Arboretum
Xavier University alumni
Ohio Democrats
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Sprigg family
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio | [
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38181851 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesrlu | Mesrlu | Mesrlu (, also Romanized as Meşrlū and Meşerlū; also known as Masleh and Messeleh) is a village in Hendudur Rural District, Sarband District, Shazand County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 82, in sixteen families.
References
Populated places in Shazand County | [
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61761299 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starokudashevo | Starokudashevo | Starokudashevo () is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Starokudashevsky Selsoviet, Yanaulsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 395 as of 2010. There are 7 streets.
Geography
Starokudashevo is located 30 km southwest of Yanaul (the district's administrative centre) by road. Stary Oryebash is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Yanaulsky District | [
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] |
44911033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011%20in%20Saudi%20Arabia | 2011 in Saudi Arabia | The following lists events that will happen during 2011 in Saudi Arabia.
Incumbents
Monarch: Abdullah
Crown Prince:
until 22 October: Sultan
22 October-29 October: vacant
since 29 October: Nayef
References
2010s in Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia
Years of the 21st century in Saudi Arabia | [
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20896884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sway%20%28film%29 | Sway (film) | is a 2006 mystery-drama film, directed by Japanese director Miwa Nishikawa, which features sibling rivalry and a possible murder.
Plot summary
Tokyo fashion photographer Takeru Hayakawa (Jo Odagiri) returns to his hometown for his mother's memorial service. His late arrival at the memorial irritates his father (Masatō Ibu), who accuses him of disrespecting his late mother and shaming their family name. Takeru's older brother Minoru (Teruyuki Kagawa) quickly intervenes and soothes their father with drinks and sympathetic comments.
Takeru and Minoru later have a conversation, which reveals Takeru's thinly veiled contempt towards Minoru for not having the strength to leave their dead-end hometown, but Minoru tells him he doesn't understand how things are and besides, he's fine with the way things are. Takeru later learns that his brother has taken over their family business, a run-down garage, and that his ex-girlfriend, Chieko (Yōko Maki), now works there as a gas attendant.
Chieko and Takeru later meet for drinks, and proceed to have a one-night stand. In the morning after, she hesitantly suggests she would be happy to follow him to Tokyo when he leaves, but he pretends he doesn't hear her.
Minoru realises something has happened between his younger brother and Chieko, and suggests they all should go for a walk along the Hasami River in the mountains where Takeru could take photographs. Chieko, believing this would buy more time with Takeru, immediately agrees. Wanting to get away from their town's mundaneness, Takeru agrees.
During the trip, Takeru distances himself from Chieko by walking ahead of her and Minoru. Whilst on a forested mountain, he takes photographs and through his viewfinder, sees Minoru and Chieko talking on a suspension bridge over a gorge. He looks away to take photographs of flowers.
On the bridge, Minoru tries to catch Chieko when she stumbles, but she recoils from his touch as she shouts at him to get away from her. They stare at each other for a few tense seconds. Minoru asks if she's leaving him for Takeru. Chieko replies that she has no interest in him, and never will.
Takeru glances back to the bridge and sees Minoru alone on the bridge, looking down to the gorge below, and realises Chieko has fallen from the bridge. The police locates Chieko's body in the gorge and arrests Minoru for murder. His father rejects the charge, insisting Minoru isn't the type to kill, but Takeru isn't so sure.
As the case proceeds during a courtroom trial, Takeru begins to doubt his testimony when he realises hidden resentment and deeply buried anger between Minoru and himself, which may have affected what he witnessed on the bridge that afternoon.
Awards
Sway won the Best Film award at the 2007 Yokohama Film Festival. and the Best Film award at the 2006 Mainichi Film Award.
Cast
Jo Odagiri - Takeru Hayakawa
Teruyuki Kagawa - Minoru Hayakawa
Masatō Ibu - Isamu Hayakawa (father)
Yōko Maki - Chieko Kawabata
Hirofumi Arai - Yohei Okajima
Keizō Kanie - Osamu Hayakawa
Yūichi Kimura - Akihito Maruo
Tomorowo Taguchi - Judge
Pierre Taki - Funaki
References
External links
2006 films
Japanese films
Japanese-language films
Films directed by Miwa Nishikawa | [
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8092104 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corinna%20%28disambiguation%29 | Corinna (disambiguation) | Corinna or Korinna was an ancient Greek lyric poet.
Corinna may also refer to:
People
Corinna (given name) a female name equivalent to Corinne
Heather Corinna (born 1970) writer on sexuality
Places
Corinna, Maine, town in Penobscot County, Maine, United States
Corinna (CDP), Maine, the primary village in the town
Corinna, Tasmania, a locality in Australia
Corinna Township, Wright County, Minnesota, United States
Biology
Corinna (spider), genus of corinnid sac spiders
Corinna (diatom), extinct genus of diatoms of uncertain placement within Bacillariophyceae
See also
"Corrine, Corrina", song | [
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47557951 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoffenberg | Hoffenberg | Hoffenberg is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Marvin Hoffenberg (1914–2012), American economist and political scientist
Mason Hoffenberg (1922–1986), American writer
Raymond Hoffenberg (1923–2007), South African endocrinologist
Steven Hoffenberg, American fraudster | [
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26344682 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Mufilo | Battle of Mufilo | The Battle of Mufilo () was a battle occurring on 27 August 1907, in the southwest of Portuguese Angola, during the Ovambo resistance to Portuguese colonization.
Bibliography
René Pélissier, Les Guerres Grises, résistances et révoltes en Angola (1845–1941), Éditions Pélissier, Orgeval, 1978.
Mufilo
Mufilo
Mufilo
Portuguese Angola
1907 in Africa
African resistance to colonialism | [
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34133158 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan%20Munce | Ryan Munce | Ryan Munce (born April 16, 1985) is a Canadian retired ice hockey goaltender. He now runs his own goalie school called Ryan Munce Goaltending School. Munce was selected by the Los Angeles Kings in the third round (82nd overall) of the 2003 NHL Entry Draft.
On July 28, 2005, the Los Angeles Kings signed Munce to a three-year, entry-level contract.
International
Munce backstopped Team Canada to a gold medal at the 2003 IIHF World U18 Championships, where he posted the tournament's best goals against average of 1.83.
Today
Munce started up his own goalie school in 2010 while rehabbing an injury sustained in Italy. Ryan Munce Goaltending School has quickly grown and now has a large following. Munce is also the goaltending scout for OHL's Central Scouting and happily married.
Awards and honours
References
External links
1985 births
Living people
Bakersfield Condors (1998–2015) players
Bossier-Shreveport Mudbugs players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Charlotte Checkers (2010–) players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Johnstown Chiefs players
Los Angeles Kings draft picks
Mississippi Sea Wolves players
Norfolk Admirals players
Reading Royals players
Sarnia Sting players
Sportspeople from Mississauga
Syracuse Crunch players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States | [
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15916074 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roye-sur-Matz | Roye-sur-Matz | Roye-sur-Matz is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.
See also
Communes of the Oise department
References
Communes of Oise | [
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] |
56982515 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure%E2%80%93activity%20relationships%20of%20anabolic%20steroids | Structure–activity relationships of anabolic steroids | The structure–activity relationships (SAR) of anabolic steroids (AAS) have been extensively studied.
List of modifications
Addition of a methyl or ethyl group at the C17α position confers dramatically improved metabolic stability during first-pass metabolism, allowing for oral administration. However, it also confers hepatotoxicity. Examples: methyltestosterone, metandienone, norethandrolone, mestanolone.
Addition of a methyl or ethyl group at the C17α position can confer increased estrogenicity due to the aromatized metabolite having much greater metabolic stability. Examples: methyltestosterone, norethandrolone.
Addition of a methyl or ethyl group at the C17α position to 19-nortestosterone derivatives can greatly increase progestogenic activity. Examples: normethandrone.
An extended or bulkier group at the C17α position reduces AR agonist activity or changes the steroid into an antiandrogen. An ethynyl group (e.g., ethisterone, norethisterone), allyl group (e.g., allylestrenol), or vinyl group (e.g., norvinisterone) all dramatically reduce AR agonist activity. A propyl group (e.g., topterone, rosterolone) or cyanomethyl group (e.g., dienogest) produces AR antagonist activity.
Addition of substituents at the C16 position can convert the steroid into an antiandrogen. Examples: oxendolone, metogest.
Attachment of esters at the C3 and/or C17β hydroxyl groups confers increased lipophilicity and hence depot activity when administered in oil via intramuscular injection. Examples: testosterone enanthate, nandrolone decanoate, drostanolone propionate, boldenone undecylenate.
Attachment of a very long-chain ester such as undecanoate at the C17β position can confer some oral activity via absorption by the lymphatic system. Examples: testosterone undecanoate.
Introduction of a double bond between the C4 and C5 positions in testosterone, otherwise known as 5α-reduction, confers several-fold increased AR agonist activity to testosterone. The same is not true in the case of 19-nortestosterone derivatives, in which the opposite is the case. Examples: increased: testosterone to dihydrotestosterone; decreased: nandrolone to 5α-dihydronandrolone.
Removal of the C19 methyl group from testosterone (but not from dihydrotestosterone) confers increased anabolic activity but decreased androgenic activity, resulting in a much greater ratio of anabolic to androgenic effect. The decreased androgenic activity is thought to be related to the 5α-reduced metabolite of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, having greater AR potency than testosterone, but the 5α-reduced metabolites of 19-nortestosterone derivatives having diminished AR agonist potency relative to their parent steroids. Removal of the C19 methyl group can also decrease aromatization and estrogenicity as well as confer progestogenic activity. Examples: nandrolone, trenbolone, normethandrone, norethandrolone, ethylestrenol.
Introduction of a double bond between the C1 and C2 positions can confer increased metabolic stability against enzymes such as 5α-reductase and aromatase. This can result in a greater ratio of anabolic to androgenic effect and reduced estrogenicity. Examples: metandienone, boldenone undecylenate, chlorodehydromethyltestosterone.
Introduction of a substituent such as a hydroxyl group or chlorine atom at the C4 position can reduce or prevent 5α-reduction and aromatization, resulting in a greater ratio of anabolic to androgenic effect and reduced estrogenicity. Examples: clostebol, enestebol, chlorodehydromethyltestosterone, oxabolone.
Introduction of double bonds between the C9 and C10 positions and between the C11 and C12 positions can confer greatly increased potency. Examples: trenbolone, metribolone, dimethyltrienolone, tetrahydrogestrinone.
Introduction of a methyl group at the C7α position can increase potency and prevent 5α-reduction. Examples: bolasterone, trestolone, mibolerone, dimethyltrienolone, tibolone.
Introduction of a methyl group at the C1 or C1α position can confer some oral activity. Examples: metenolone acetate, mesterolone.
Replacement of the C2 carbon atom with an oxygen atom in 17α-alkylated AAS can improve metabolic stability and decrease hepatotoxicity. Examples: oxandrolone.
Substitutions at the C2 or C2α position such as methyl, hydroxymethylene, or a fused ring can improve metabolic stability. Examples: drostanolone, oxymetholone, stanozolol, danazol.
A hydroxyl group (instead of a ketone) at the C3 position and/or a ketone (instead of a hydroxyl group) at the C17β can dramatically decrease AR agonist activity but render the steroid into an androgen prohormone. Examples: dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, androstenediol, bolandiol, bolandione.
Removal of the ketone at the C3 position can dramatically decrease AR agonist activity but render the steroid into an androgen prohormone. Examples: ethylestrenol, bolenol, desoxymethyltestosterone.
Aromatization of the A ring abolishes AR affinity and produces estrogenicity. Examples: estradiol, 17α-methylestradiol, 17α-ethylestradiol, 7α-methylestradiol.
References
Androgens and anabolic steroids | [
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51341531 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milyika%20Carroll | Milyika Carroll | Milyika Carroll (born 1958), also known as Alison Carroll, Alison Milyika Carroll, or "Windlass" Carroll, is an Aboriginal Australian artist. She is also a community leader on the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands in South Australia.
Life
Milyika was born in 1958, in Ernabella, northwest South Australia. At that time, it was a Presbyterian mission for Aboriginal people. After finishing primary school here, she went to high school in Alice Springs, at Saint Philips College and Yirara College. She moved back to Ernabella after finishing school. She briefly worked at the community's craft centre, making hand-painted bookmarks and gift cards. She also learned to use batik methods, which had been introduced to the community in 1971.
After about one or two years of working at the craft centre, Carroll decided to become a health worker. She did her training in Adelaide, and then went back to Ernabella to work in the clinic. She still worked at the craft centre sometimes, learning under her mother.
Carroll is married to Pepai Carroll, and they have five children.
Community work
Carroll has been involved in the administration of Ernabella Arts for several years. She served as its chairperson from 2001 to 2003, as its manager from 2004 to 2007, and then as chairperson again from 2007 to 2010. She was also the chairperson of Aṉanguku Arts and Culture Aboriginal Corporation from 2004 to 2006, and then became its director. Aṉanguku Arts is the organisation that coordinates and supports development of the art economy on the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara (APY) Lands. Her husband Pepai has also served as the organisation's chairman.
In April 2008, Carroll was chosen to attend the Australia 2020 Summit in Canberra, where she and Makinti Minutjukur represented the APY communities. She has since been involved in school administration in Ernabella, including serving as the chairwoman of the Governing Council of Ernabella Aṉangu School since 2011.
Artwork
Carroll is known for painting, printmaking, batik, ceramic and textile works. She uses several printmaking methods, including lithographs, etchings and screen printing. Her painted designs are called , which are designs and symbols that mean something to her. They represent her identity and her own view of the world, and are associated with her family's Dreaming legends. The designs are abstract, and come from ancient ceremonial designs (historically painted on the body or rock).
Carroll has had her works held in many public and private galleries both in Australia and other countries. Example of her batik works are held in the Powerhouse Museum in Sydney, the State Library of South Australia in Adelaide, and the British Museum. The National Museum of Australia and the National Gallery of Australia both contain multiple examples of Carroll's printings, etchings, batik works, and textile paintings.
One of her earliest works, a painting done on paper, was chosen as one of the finalists for the first National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Art Award in 1984. In 2011, Carroll's uncle, Dickie Minyintiri, became one of the oldest people to win the award.
A painting of a crucifix incorporating traditional designs, painted by Carroll for Deaconess Hilliard, who ran the craft room at Ernabella, was displayed in the "Talking Blak to History" exhibition at the National Museum of Australia from July 2020. The painting represented the relationship between the two women, and the deaconess had it hung over her bed until her death.
Recognition and awards
Carroll won the Premier's Award for Lifetime Achievement at the South Australian Ruby Awards in 2018.
Australia Council for the Arts
The Australia Council for the Arts is the arts funding and advisory body for the Government of Australia. Since 1993, it has awarded a Red Ochre Award. It is presented to an outstanding Indigenous Australian (Aboriginal Australian or Torres Strait Islander) artist for lifetime achievement.
|-
| 2020
| herself
| Red Ochre Award
|
|-
References
External links
Alison Caroll at Design and Art Australia Online
Alison Carroll at Prints and Printmaking
1958 births
Living people
Australian painters
Australian women painters
Indigenous Australian artists
Artists from South Australia
Pitjantjatjara
Textile artists
Women printmakers
Australian printmakers
Australian ceramists
Women textile artists
Australian women ceramists | [
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22071905 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas%20Calabrese | Nicholas Calabrese | Nicholas W. Calabrese (born November 30, 1942) is an American former mob hitman, best known for being the first made man ever to testify against the Chicago Outfit. His testimony and cooperation with federal prosecutors helped result in the 2007 murder convictions of mobsters Joseph Lombardo, James Marcello and his brother, Frank Calabrese Sr.
Early life and work outside of the Chicago Outfit
Calabrese was born the son of James and Sophie Calabrese, growing up near the intersection of Grand and Ogden Avenues on Chicago's Near West Side. As a boy, Calabrese worked at a newsstand at the corner of Grand Avenue and State Street, in downtown Chicago, where some of his brothers had worked as well. Calabrese graduated from Steinmetz High School in Chicago.
Calabrese served in Vietnam in the United States Navy from 1965 until 1967, working as a radioman and having top-secret clearance on the USS Bainbridge. Calabrese also had worked as an ironworker on the John Hancock Center construction project in Chicago, as a Teamster working for trade show contractor United Exposition at Chicago's McCormick Place and as a Cook County security officer at the courthouse in Maywood, Illinois from 1977 until 1989.
In the 1970s, Calabrese and two partners operated a restaurant and lounge in Hoffman Estates, Illinois for a couple of years, and also worked for a private detective agency.
Chicago Outfit career
From 1978 until 1992, Calabrese helped his brother, noted Chicago Outfit made man Frank Calabrese, Sr., run a lucrative loan-sharking racket, serving as his brother's top assistant. Frank and Nick reported to Angelo J. "The Hook" LaPietra, the caporegime of The 26th Street Crew, who ran operations out of the Old Neighborhood Italian American Club. Calabrese also has admitted in court to taking part in 14 murders ordered by LaPietra, including the "hits" on Michael Albergo and John Fecarotta, from 1970 until 1986, as part of Calabrese's time in the mob. The "juice loan" business charged interest rates on loans of as much as 10 percent per week.
On July 28, 1995, the federal government indicted Nicholas Calabrese and nine other organized crime figures with using threats, violence and intimidation to enforce the loan sharking racket from 1978 until 1992. The other defendants were Frank Calabrese, Sr., Frank Calabrese, Jr., Kurt Calabrese, Robert Dinella, Philip J. Fiore, Terry Scalise, Kevin Kudulis, Louis Bombacino and Philip Tolomeo.
Calabrese eventually was found guilty of racketeering. On August 27, 1997, Calabrese, who at that time was residing in Norridge, Illinois, was sentenced by United States District Judge James F. Holderman to 70 months in federal prison. At his sentencing, Nicholas Calabrese apologized to Holderman, saying, "I caused a lot of problems for a lot of people."
Family Secrets investigation and conviction
On February 21, 2003, Chicago Tribune columnist John Kass broke the story that Calabrese was talking to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and noted that Calabrese had disappeared from the federal prison in Milan, Michigan, and that Calabrese's federal prison records had disappeared altogether, leading Kass to believe that Calabrese had entered the United States Federal Witness Protection Program. FBI agents also had spread out across the country with search warrants, collecting DNA evidence, hair cuttings and oral swabs from many reputed Chicago Outfit members.
On April 25, 2005, federal prosecutors indicted 12 Chicago Outfit figures—including Calabrese—and two former police officers on charges of murder, illegal gambling, and loan sharking. Dubbed "Operation Family Secrets," the probe that led up to the indictments had relied heavily on Calabrese's cooperation. Newspapers reported that Calabrese had been confronted with DNA evidence implicating him in the 1986 mob hit of mob enforcer John Fecarotta, prompting Calabrese to cooperate with law enforcement in the probe.
After various plea agreements and the deaths of two defendants, ultimately five other defendants—Joseph Lombardo, James Marcello, Frank Calabrese, Sr., Paul Schiro and Anthony Doyle—went to trial. Calabrese formally entered a plea of guilty to murder and racketeering on May 18, 2007. On July 16, 2007, Nicholas Calabrese took the witness stand and admitted to committing murders with Marcello, Schiro and his brother Frank Calabrese, Sr. Nicholas Calabrese admitted to having committed a total of 14 murders, and as part of his deal for cooperating, federal prosecutors agreed not to prosecute him for any of the 14 murders, thus sparing him the sentence of life in prison that he could have received had he been convicted of even one murder. Prosecutors also agreed to recommend a sentence of less than life in prison.
While on the stand, Calabrese stated that his association with the Chicago Outfit dated to May 1970, and that he began cooperating with the government in January 2002, after federal investigators confronted him with a bloody glove containing his DNA that he had inadvertently dropped at the scene of the Fecarotta slaying. Calabrese also acknowledged that he had been joined in the Fecarotta murder by his brother Frank Calabrese, Sr., and now-deceased mobster John Monteleone.
Calabrese also provided details on the infamous slayings of Chicago Outfit member Anthony Spilotro and Outfit associate Michael Spilotro, in 1986, in which Calabrese said he was one of a large number of mobsters who participated. The Spilotro murders were depicted—with many details changed—in the 1995 Martin Scorsese directed movie, Casino.
Calabrese admitted that he initially had lied to the FBI after he began cooperating, initially concealing Marcello's role in the Spilotros' killing because Marcello had been paying Calabrese's wife $4,000 a month while Calabrese was in prison.
In 2007, Lombardo, Marcello, Schiro and Frank Calabrese, Sr., all were convicted on murder and racketeering charges, while Doyle was convicted on racketeering charges. In February 2009, Lombardo, Marcello and Frank Calabrese, Sr. all were sentenced to life in prison. At Marcello's sentencing hearing in February 2009; Patrick Spilotro, brother of Michael and Anthony, gave a victim impact statement in which he stated he had personally encouraged Calabrese to begin cooperating with the government.
Sentencing
On March 26, 2009, Nick Calabrese was sentenced by United States District Judge James Zagel to 12 years and four months in prison. Upon sentencing Calabrese, Zagel told him, "I think what you did does make amends by allowing penalties to be paid for the murders of others and for allowing families to know how and why their [loved ones] died." Calabrese had said, "I can't go back and undo what I done... I stand before you a different man, a changed man." Zagel doubts Calabrese will ever truly be free. No matter how long he lives or in what protected place it will be, Calabrese will always have to look over his shoulder. Zagel said, "The organization whose existence you testified to will not forgive or relent in their pursuit of you."
References
1942 births
Living people
20th-century criminals
American gangsters of Italian descent
American people convicted of murder
United States Navy personnel of the Vietnam War
Military personnel from Illinois
Chicago Outfit mobsters
People convicted of murder by the United States federal government
People convicted of racketeering
People from Norridge, Illinois
Federal Bureau of Investigation informants
People who entered the United States Federal Witness Protection Program | [
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1789352 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNIA | WNIA | WNIA may refer to:
WNIA (FM), a radio station (89.1 FM) licensed to Tarboro, North Carolina, United States
WECK, a radio station (1230 AM) licensed to Cheektowaga, New York, which held the call sign WNIA from 1956 to 1979
Women's National Indian Association | [
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32564027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guelph%20City%20Hall | Guelph City Hall | Guelph City Hall is the seat of local government in Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Designed by Moriyama & Teshima Architects and completed in 2009, the new City Hall is located adjacent to the historic Old City Hall, which itself is now serving as a Provincial Offences Courthouse. Prior to the construction of the new City Hall, municipal departments had been spread across five different downtown locations. The Guelph Memorial Gardens arena was demolished to make way for the new civic building.
The City Hall was built to meet the LEED Silver standard set out by the Canada Green Building Council. As a result, operating costs are 30 to 40 percent lower than that of a similarly sized typical office building.
References
External links
City of Guelph: Welcome to City Hall
Municipal government of Guelph
Buildings and structures in Guelph
City and town halls in Ontario | [
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] |
50540265 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhistes%20comatus | Typhistes comatus | Typhistes comatus, is a species of spider of the genus Typhistes. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.
See also
List of Linyphiidae species
References
Linyphiidae
Spiders of Asia
Spiders described in 1894 | [
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6107563 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse-coupled%20networks | Pulse-coupled networks | Pulse-coupled networks or pulse-coupled neural networks (PCNNs) are neural models proposed by modeling a cat's visual cortex, and developed for high-performance biomimetic image processing.
In 1989, Eckhorn introduced a neural model to emulate the mechanism of cat's visual cortex. The Eckhorn model provided a simple and effective tool for studying small mammal’s visual cortex, and was soon recognized as having significant application potential in image processing.
In 1994, Johnson adapted the Eckhorn model to an image processing algorithm, calling this algorithm a pulse-coupled neural network. Over the past decade, PCNNs have been used in a variety of image processing applications, including: image segmentation, feature generation, face extraction, motion detection, region growing, and noise reduction.
The basic property of the Eckhorn's linking-field model (LFM) is the coupling term. LFM is a modulation of the primary input by a biased offset factor driven by the linking input. These drive a threshold variable that decays from an initial high value. When the threshold drops below zero it is reset to a high value and the process starts over. This is different than the standard integrate-and-fire neural model, which accumulates the input until it passes an upper limit and effectively "shorts out" to cause the pulse.
LFM uses this difference to sustain pulse bursts, something the standard model does not do on a single neuron level. It is valuable to understand, however, that a detailed analysis of the standard model must include a shunting term, due to the floating voltages level in the dendritic compartment(s), and in turn this causes an elegant multiple modulation effect that enables a true higher-order network (HON). Multidimensional pulse image processing of chemical structure data using PCNN has been discussed by Kinser, et al.
A PCNN is a two-dimensional neural network. Each neuron in the network corresponds to one pixel in an input image, receiving its corresponding pixel's color information (e.g. intensity) as an external stimulus. Each neuron also connects with its neighboring neurons, receiving local stimuli from them. The external and local stimuli are combined in an internal activation system, which accumulates the stimuli until it exceeds a dynamic threshold, resulting in a pulse output. Through iterative computation, PCNN neurons produce temporal series of pulse outputs. The temporal series of pulse outputs contain information of input images and can be used for various image processing applications, such as image segmentation and feature generation. Compared with conventional image processing means, PCNNs have several significant merits, including robustness against noise, independence of geometric variations in input patterns, capability of bridging minor intensity variations in input patterns, etc.
A simplified PCNN called a spiking cortical model was developed in 2009.
PCNNs are useful for image processing, as discussed in a book by Thomas Lindblad and Jason M. Kinser.
Applications
PCNN is proven success in many academic and industrial fields, such as image processing (image denoising, and image enhancement ), all pairs shortest path problem, and pattern recognition.
References
Artificial neural networks
Image processing | [
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16402592 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst%20Leonhardt | Ernst Leonhardt | Ernst Leonhardt (September 25, 1885 – March 26, 1945) was an American-born Swiss military figure and pro-Nazi Germany politician.
Biography
Ernst Leonhardt was born to a German-born Swiss father on September 25, 1885 in Tracy City, Grundy County, Tennessee, United States of America. Leonhardt moved to Switzerland at an early age to attend school at Basel, before joining the Swiss Army, where he rose to the rank of major.
Leonhardt became involved in politics in 1932 when he joined the National Front, and before long he had risen to the rank of Gauführer (equivalent to Gauleiter) in both Basel-City and the Canton of Solothurn. However he clashed with his superiors and in 1933 he left the Front and set up his own Volksbund with fellow dissident Emil Sonderegger. The group was dominated by the forceful personality of Leonhardt, a strong factor in its failure to attract much of a following. He also founded the (SGAD) (Swiss Society of Friends of an Authoritarian Democracy) in 1938 (a group officially banned in 1940, although in existence until 1941), whilst he was also a member of Franz Burri's and Nationalsozialistische Bewegung in der Schweiz.
Although Leonhardt continued to be involved in Swiss pro-Nazi movements, he had in fact relocated to Germany in 1939 and continued his activism from there. He worked closely with Burri to distribute Nazi propaganda into Switzerland, whilst also recruiting volunteers for the SS and arguing for an Anschluss-style takeover of Switzerland by Hitler. Leonhardt's Swiss citizenship was revoked in 1943 due to this idea. In his absence, the Swiss courts found Leonhardt guilty of attacking the Swiss Confederation's independence and illegally recruiting for a foreign military (i. e. the SS), sentencing him to fifteen and a half years in prison. However, he remained free in Germany for the rest of his life, continuing to produce propaganda. He was killed in an air raid on March 26, 1945 in Oberndorf am Neckar, Rottweil (district), Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
See also
Berne Trial
References
External links
Courtroom Battle of World War II (Part 1 of 3). contains information on the careers and fates of some of the Nazi collaborators.
Courtroom Battles of World War II (Part 2 of 3).
Courtroom Battles of World War II (Part 3 of 3).
1885 births
1945 deaths
American emigrants to Switzerland
American collaborators with Nazi Germany
American prisoners and detainees
Deaths by airstrike during World War II
Nazi propagandists
Nazis from outside Germany
People from Tracy City, Tennessee
National Front (Switzerland) politicians
Swiss military officers
Swiss collaborators with Nazi Germany
Swiss Nazis
Swiss anti-communists
Swiss emigrants to Germany
German civilians killed in World War II | [
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1536483 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connection-Oriented%20Network%20Service | Connection-Oriented Network Service | Connection-Oriented Network Service (CONS) is one of the two Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) network layer protocols, the other being Connectionless-mode Network Service (CLNS). It is basically X.25, with a few adjustments.
Protocols providing CONS
Some protocols that provide the CONS service:
X.25, as specified in ITU-T Recommendation X.223 is a Public Data Network protocol that provides the Connection Oriented Network Service as described in ITU-T Recommendation X.213.
Signalling Connection Control Part (SCCP), as specified in ITU-T Recommendation Q.711 is a Signaling System 7 protocol that provides the Connection Oriented Network Service as described in ITU-T Recommendation X.213.
Service Specific Connection Oriented Protocol (SSCOP), as specified in ITU-T Recommendation Q.2110 is an Asynchronous Transfer Mode protocol that provides the Connection Oriented Network Service as described in ITU-T Recommendation X.213.
OSI protocols
Network layer protocols | [
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64157650 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upland%2C%20Texas | Upland, Texas | Upland is a ghost town in Upton County, Texas, United States, about north of Rankin.
See also
List of ghost towns in Texas
Llano Estacado
References
Ghost towns in West Texas
Geography of Upton County, Texas | [
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4219894 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Blauner | Bob Blauner | Robert "Bob" Blauner (May 18, 1929 – October 20, 2016) was an American sociologist, college professor and author. He introduced the theory of internal colonialism.
Biography
He was born in Chicago, Illinois.
Bob spent his high school years at Sullivan High School in Chicago. He was the editor of the school paper, the Sentinel. He was also the valedictorian of his high school class. He was interested in sports and was an avid tennis player. He friends in high school included LeRoy Wollins who went on to be active in Veteran's for Peace and earned his living importing Russian language materials. Another friend was Charles Garvin who taught social work at the University of Michigan and Daniel Joseph who was a distinguished professor at the University of Minnesota.
Blauner's sociological writings and teachings on class, race and men are rooted in his years as a factory worker. He took that employment after his return from France where he lived during the so-called McCarthy period.
His formal studies led to a B.A. from the University of Chicago in 1948, followed by an M.A. in 1950; he earned his Ph.D. from U.C. Berkeley in 1962. His dissertation at Berkeley, which later became his first book Alienation and Freedom was supervised by William Kornhauser, Seymour Martin Lipset, and Philip Selznick. His master's thesis was on the sociological significance of first names.
He began teaching at San Francisco State University, the University of Chicago and from 1963 on he taught at Berkeley. His first wife was his high school classmate Virginia Bauer. He had a sister Sonia. His mother was a librarian and his father a lawyer. His wife at time of his death was Karina Epperlein who was a noted maker of documentary films, often portraying oppressed people such as incarcerated mothers.
The well-known "Blauner Hypothesis" states that minority groups created by colonization, because it is forced on them, experience a greater degree of racism and discrimination than those created by voluntary immigration.
In his studies, Blauner contrasts the assimilation experiences of Cubans, Puerto Ricans, and Mexican-Americans.
His work was funded by major groups such as the National Institute of Mental Health, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the Social Science Research Council. He died in North Berkeley, Berkeley, California on October 20, 2016 at the age 87.
Bibliography
Alienation and Freedom: The Factory Worker and His Industry (1964).
Racial Oppression in America (1972).
Black Lives, White Lives: Three Decades of Race Relations in America (1989).
Our Mothers' Spirits: Great Writers on the Death of Mothers and the Grief of Men, editor (1997).
Resisting McCarthyism: To Sign or Not to Sign California’s Loyalty Oath (2009).
Colonized and Immigrant Minorities
See also
Policy alienation
Social alienation
Sources
"Robert Blauner." World of Sociology. Gale Group, 2001.
1929 births
2016 deaths
American sociologists
University of Chicago alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of California, Berkeley faculty
American non-fiction writers | [
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20588155 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wockenfuss%20Candies | Wockenfuss Candies | Wockenfuss Candies is a Baltimore-based chocolatier and chain of candy stores in Maryland. The company was founded by the Wockenfuss family in 1915. The family immigrated to the United States from Germany in 1887.
Overview
Herman Charles Wockenfuss was born in 1875 in Germany. He came to America in 1887 where he learned how to make candy. In 1915, he opened the Wockenfuss Candy Company, known as Wockenfuss Candies.
In 1939, Herman Lee, Herman Charles' son, graduated from Baltimore Polytechnic Institute, and enlisted in the Army. He was medically discharged due to an injury to his knee. During World War II, he remained a civilian employee of the Army, and worked at Pearl Harbor as a machinist. Herman Charles continued to operate the business until his son, Herman Lee and his wife, Marian, took over in 1945 when Herman Lee returned from World War II. Under Herman Lee's direction, the business added three more stores to its current operation on Belair Road in the Gardenville area of Baltimore, where they continued to make candies in the basement. From there, the business expanded in Maryland.
Herman Lee died in 2014. Their son, Paul, is now the owner and president of Wockenfuss Candies. Under Paul's direction, the business has expanded to eight retail stores in Baltimore, Harford, Howard, and Worcester Counties. Currently four generations of the Wockenfuss family are involved in the business.
By 1980, the company had 55 employees, and was using 60,000 pounds of chocolate during the Easter season, their busiest period of the year.
Types of candy
Wockenfuss candies has a variety of confectioneries such as caramel apples, fudge, and lollipops. Some of their specialties include fruit shaped marzipan, crystallized ginger, and mint nonpareils. Kids have a special selection of candy necklaces, gold coins, and cow tails to choose from. The family makes a variety chocolate covered nuts such as cashews, Brazil nuts, almonds, and pecans. They also make gourmet truffles and a handful of chocolate covered fruity creams.
References
External links
American companies established in 1915
Food and drink companies established in 1915
Retail companies established in 1915
Confectionery companies of the United States | [
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] |
22429680 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophirion | Ophirion | Ophirion is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.
References
Tachinidae | [
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19857459 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walery%2C%20Masovian%20Voivodeship | Walery, Masovian Voivodeship | Walery is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lelis, within Ostrołęka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Lelis, north of Ostrołęka, and north of Warsaw.
References
Walery | [
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] |
56151009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%20Copa%20Libertadores%20Finals | 1983 Copa Libertadores Finals | The 1983 Copa Libertadores de América Finals was the final two-legged tie to determine the Copa Libertadores de América champion. It was contested by Brazilian club Grêmio and Uruguayan club Peñarol. The first leg of the tie was played on 22 July at Estadio Centenario in Montevideo, with the second leg played on 28 July at Estádio Olímpico Monumental in Porto Alegre.
With the first game tied 1-1, Grêmio were crowned champions after winning the second leg 2–1.
Qualified teams
Format
The finals was played over two legs; home and away. The team that accumulated the most points —two for a win, one for a draw, zero for a loss— after the two legs was crowned champion. If the two teams were tied on points after the second leg, a playoff in a neutral would become the next tie-breaker. Goal difference was used as a last resort.
Match details
First leg
Second leg
References
1983 in South American football
Copa Libertadores Finals
Peñarol matches
Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense matches
Football in Uruguay
Football in Brazil | [
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93518 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherborne%20Abbey | Sherborne Abbey | Sherborne Abbey, otherwise the Abbey Church of St. Mary the Virgin, is a Church of England church in Sherborne in the English county of Dorset. It has been a Saxon cathedral (705–1075), a Benedictine abbey church (998–1539), and since 1539, a parish church.
History
This site has been occupied since Roman times. During the restoration 1849–58, excavations were carried out in which part of a Roman Mosaic pavement was found deep beneath the floor, as well as evidence that the Saxon cathedral of 705AD had been built on the site of a previous church.
It is possible that there was a Celtic Christian church called Lanprobi here as early as AD658, when it was part of the Celtic Kingdom of Dumnonia, and Kenwalc or Cenwalh, King of the West Saxons is believed to be one of its founders. However, it is probable that this church was actually on the site of modern-day Castleton Church.
Cathedral
The Saxon Diocese of Sherborne was founded in 705 by King Ine of Wessex to relieve pressure from the growing see of Winchester. He set Aldhelm as first Bishop of the see of Western Wessex, covering Dorset, Somerset, Devon, with his seat at Sherborne. Aldhelm was the first of 27 Bishops of Sherborne. Cornwall was added to the diocese at the end of the ninth century, but in 909 the diocese was divided in three to create the new bishoprics of Wells, covering Somerset, and Crediton, covering Devon and Cornwall, leaving Sherborne with Dorset. In 1058, the Sherborne chapter elected Herman, Bishop of Ramsbury to be also Bishop of Sherborne.
Abbey
The twentieth bishop was Wulfsige III (or St. Wulfsin). In 998 he established a Benedictine abbey at Sherborne and became its first abbot. In 1075 the bishopric of Sherborne was transferred to Old Sarum, so Sherborne remained an abbey church but was no longer a cathedral. The bishop (in Old Sarum) remained the nominal head of the abbey until 1122, when Roger de Caen, Bishop of Salisbury, made the abbey independent.
From 1122 until the Dissolution, Horton Priory (founded as a Benedictine abbey in 961, but reduced to priory status when the bishopric moved) was dependent on Sherborne. Also, Kidwelly Priory (later abbey) in Wales was made a cell of Sherborne Abbey, which was at that time a cathedral priory, c.1110 and was dissolved at the same time as its mother-house.
Parish church
The Benedictine foundation at Sherborne ended in the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539, when the abbey was surrendered to King Henry VIII. Various properties at Sherborne were bought from the king by Sir John Horsey who then sold the abbey to the people of Sherborne, who bought the building to be their parish church (as people of many other places did), which it still is. The original parish church alongside the abbey was demolished, though the foundations are still visible. In 1550, King Edward VI issued a new charter to the school that had existed at Sherborne since 705, and some of the remaining abbey buildings were turned over to it.
Architecture
The Abbey is a Grade I listed building. It has several distinct architectural styles throughout.
Saxon
When St Aldhelm built his cathedral, it was to the east of the current building – the west wall of the current church is the site of the east wall of St Aldhelm's. In c.1050 Bishop Ælfwold II built a new cathedral and abbey church on the current site that was, apparently, one of the largest in England. Of this, the known surviving parts are the west wall and the core of the columns supporting the two westernmost arches. At the west end of the north aisle, a Saxon doorway from c.1050 survives. This would have led into a large porch flanking a west tower as was conventional with Saxon church-architecture. Roger of Caen rebuilt much of Ælfwold II's church c.1130, replacing it with a much larger Norman-style church on the same site, completed c.1180. This is the reason why the nave is shorter (only five bays) than the typical Anglo-Norman church nave.
Norman
Most of the walls of the crossing, the north and south transepts, and the outer walls of the nave aisles date from c.1140. The walls of the Wykeham Chapel, and some of the wall of the north quire aisle were also built at this time. The entrance porch dates from c.1180, though the upper story was restored in 1851. The Norman choir stalls extended west of the central tower (as was then usually the case) and this can be seen in the stonework of the east and west tower arches were the shafts stop short of the floor to allow space for the stall-work. The area of the nave west of the Norman quire was used as the parish church until the building of All Hallows' Church later on.
Early English
The outer walls of Bishop Roger's Chapel (now the choir vestry) as well as the remains of the old Lady Chapel date from this period, c.1240.
Decorated
In the mid 14th century St Aldhelm's church was pulled down and in c.1360 a new chapel-of-ease was built, dedicated All Hallows. This church was demolished c.1542, but the arches of the old nave can be seen projecting out, and the wall of the old north aisle remains intact.
Perpendicular
From c.1380 to 1500 the abbey was greatly rebuilt. In the late 14th century the chapels of St Katherine and St Sepulchre were built. The former was altered in the 15th century and contains examples of early Renaissance classicism architecture. The quire was almost entirely rebuilt from 1425 and was completed (including the vaulting) around 1430. In the late 15th century much of the old stonework in the nave was covered over in stonework of this style (hence their substantial thickness) and the two easternmost arch pillars were rebuilt. The fan-vaulting in the nave, by William Smyth, was finished around 1490. A consequence of having the new Perpendicular clerestory sit atop the old Norman pillars is that the two do not line up. However, this is not really noticeable from the outside.
In 1437, during this renovation, a riot in the town caused a fire that damaged much of the work. The heat brought out the iron in the stone, resulting in pink seen today. The outline of the medieval pulpitum can be seen where the pink stops in a vertical line at the east end of the Nave. The fire and its effects also caused the design of the nave to be altered.
A section of a C15 wooden screen from the Abbey is now located at the church in Sandford Orcas, Dorset.
Restoration
The abbey was heavily restored by the Victorian architect R.C. Carpenter in 1850, who added the two lower rows of lights in the west window, and the "somewhat fanciful" neo-Norman upper storey of the porch, which formerly had fifteenth-century windows.
Lady Chapel
The Lady Chapel is on the site of two earlier chapels: the c. 1250 then Lady Chapel and the C15 Chapel of St. Mary le Bow. These were taken over by the governors of the newly founded 'Edward VI Grammar School' (now known as Sherborne School) in 1550 and were partially demolished and converted into a dwelling for the headmaster in 1560. It remained in use by the school until 1921 when plans were drawn for the grafting of a new Gothic-style Lady Chapel onto the remaining section of the medieval chapel and was completed in 1934. The original Lady Chapel was built slightly south of the centre of the church, so the 15th century vaulting in the ambulatory does not align with the arch into the chapel. The remaining section of St. Mary le Bow's Chapel contains a fireplace mantel from when it was a domestic dwelling.
The Lady Chapel contains the oldest candelabrum in England, dating from 1657, and probably came from the Netherlands. It is brass with a double-headed eagle at the top, and two tiers of branches and a globe beneath. The globe is inscribed recording the gift of Sherborne grandee, Mary Whetcumbe, with a shield-of-arms. Originally, it hung in the presbytery, but it fell during the war. In 1962 it was restored and rehung in the Lady Chapel.
Almshouses
St Thomas' Hospital
The first almshouse at Sherborne, the Hospital of St. Thomas Becket (or St Thomas-a-Becket's Chapel), existed in 1228, though its foundation date is not known. It was probably a royal foundation and was situated on the site of what is now 'The Old Green', formerly 'The Angel Inn'. In the early 16th century it was still standing but disused and by 1547 it had been pulled down.
Wardens of the St. Thomas' Hospital
1395 John de Wendelyngburgh (died in the same year)
1395 Nicholas Slake
1405 John Brunyng (later Abbot of Sherborne)
1540 John Horsey (purchased along with the Abbey after the reformation)
St Julian's Hospice
The Hospice of St Julian, possibly named after St. Juliana of Norwich, was founded on the east side of The Green in c1405 (along with the 'George Inne'). It was given towards the endowment of the St Johns' Almshouse in 1437 and remains in their ownership today. The George Inn was rebuilt in the 16th century, but the hospice and passageway are largely original. It is now used as a shop.
St Johns' Almshouse
In 1406, William Dodill chartered a new almshouse situated in Hound Street. However, by the 1430s larger and better premises were needed, so a new Sherborne almshouse was started by the old trustees of Dodill's almshouse. In 1436/7 a Royal charter was issued by King Henry VI to the Foundation, and this became the first fully licensed corporation in Sherborne.
The site of this new almshouse - St Johns' Almshouse, or fully, "The Hospital of St. John the Baptist and St. John the Evangelist" - is the south west corner of the Abbey Close, probably on the site of an earlier hospital of St Augustine. The building was completed in 1448, consisting of a Chapel (1442), ante-chapel with a door onto Trendle street, a dining hall, and dormitories above. It is the best surviving example of a medieval almshouse in Wessex. In 1858 some cottages in the Abbey Close were purchased and demolished so that the premises could be enlarged. In 1866 the east wing was built to create additional dormitories and a room with an oriel window called the board-room, together with other improvements.
In the 15th century, the Abbey already had an almshouse situated at Castleton (demolished in the 18th century), so it is likely that this building was for All Hallows Church (c. 1360), not the Abbey. Also, it is unusual for an almshouse to be so close to its respective church, and a possible reason may be that it was symbolic of the parishioners' growing resentment towards the monks for restricting their use of the Abbey. However, this idea is difficult to substantiate.
Masters of the Almshouse
1448 John Deen
1454 William Smyth
1468 Henry Borman
Monastic buildings
Some of the monastic buildings were demolished following the Reformation in 1539. Most of those that remained are now incorporated into the Sherborne School buildings.
Cloisters
The principal buildings of a Benedictine abbey were always grouped around the cloister garth. They are usually built to the south of their respective abbey, but at Sherborne they were built to the north, probably for easier access to water from the Coombe Stream.
Sherborne's cloisters were built by Abbot Frith (1348-1373) and this is where the monks took their exercise, walking around the square arcade, in silence, with their hands buried in the long sleeves of their black habits.
The remains of the 14th century pilasters against the south and west walls of the cloisters remain from which the ribs of the vaulted roof once sprang. On each side of the cloister were eight bays with six windows looking into the garth.
Some time around 1553 the cloisters were pulled down and in 1569 two large buttresses were built to support the abbey (one on the west wall of the north transept, the other on the north wall of the north aisle) and were built using stone from the old castle.
Conduit
In the 12th century the monks built an open stone conduit or channel to bring clean water from the spring at New Well (Newell) to the cloister so that they could wash their hands and faces before going to the Refectory for their meals. A conduit house was built c.1520 by Abbot Meere (1505-1535) over the fountain. This hexagonal structure stood against the north alley of the cloister, opposite the entrance to the monks' refectory, and had several spouts to enable a number of monks to wash at once. In 1553 the conduit house and water supply were moved to the market place at the bottom of Cheap Street.
Slype
Owned by Sherborne School since 1550, the slype is a lean-to building against the north transept. It is all that remains of the former south bay of the monks' dormitory. Originally it led from the cloister to the infirmary and monks' graveyard. It was probably also used in part as a mortuary. The western door was blocked by a buttress built in 1569. It contains 12th-century arcading and 13th-century engrafted arch and vaulting.
Chapter house
On the ground floor of the east side of the cloister stood the chapter house. Built in the late 12th-13th century, it was used as a daily meeting chamber for the monks. It was demolished c.1557/8.
Archaeological excavations between 1972 and 1976 revealed the east cloister range and the chapter house, the remains of which are now stored in the Sherborne School Archives.
Monks' dormitory
On the first floor of the east side of the cloister stood the monks' dormitory (late 12th century), adjoining the abbey for the convenience of attending night services in the abbey. By 1554 all that remained of the dormitory was just one bay (see 'the slype'). The pitch of the old roof is clearly marked on the face of the north wall of the north transept.
The monastery library and scriptorium were probably also on this floor.
Guesten hall
This was in the west cloister range of the monastery. The ground floor was the cellarer's store room and outer parlour. Originally it had no windows but facsimiles of windows in Boxgrove Abbey were added. On the first floor was the guesten hall (13th century with 15th century roof and windows). The three roof bays to the north are not as ornate as the remaining six, which suggests that, at a time, the room may have been either divided into two by partition, or there could have been a gallery - possibly a minstrel gallery or perhaps to separate different classes of guest.
In the south wall are the remains of the east face of the west wall of the Saxon Abbey (10th-11th century plinth, with 13th century work on top). Behind this is a late 14th century stone spiral staircase that originally led to the abbot's private chapel on the upper floor of the south cloister range.
An archaeological dig in 1967 revealed a pottery kiln built into the west wall, and from 1740 the main body of the building was used as a silk mill.
It is now used as the Sherborne School Library building.
Note: There is no definite evidence that this room was used as a 'guesten hall', though in Benedictine monasteries it was not unusual to have a room such as this above a cellarium on the west side of the cloisters. Others have suggested that it may have been a misericorde (the room in which some monastic rules were relaxed, especially fasting) where more substantial food was supplied than in the refectory. A room such as this might have had a buttery, which can explain the less ornate section of roof. It has also been suggested that it could have been a domus conversorum ('house of the converts'. Until 1280, people who converted from Judaism to Christianity forfeited their possessions to the Crown), but there is little to suggest that that such members were ever numerous enough to justify such a large room, nor are there any traces of separate cells.
Abbot's private chapel
On the first floor, to the west of the south cloister side stood the abbot's private chapel. It was accessed by an extant late 14th century stone spiral staircase, which also led to the guesten hall. The blocked doorway can still be seen in the outside east wall of the building.
The piscina (a perforated stone basin near the altar for carrying away holy water after it has been used in rinsing the chalice) can still be seen on the north aisle wall of the abbey.
Abbot's hall
This room, including the roof, dates from the early 15th century, but the windows are modern. It is mentioned in 1436 when Bishop Neville made an enquiry into the well-known quarrel between the monks and the townspeople.
The 12th century undercroft would have been used by the monks as the cellars, a malthouse, or for storage.
It is now used as the Sherborne School Chapel. It has been much extended and bears little resemblance to it its original size.
Abbot's lodgings and monks' kitchen
On the north side of the cloisters stood the abbot's lodging and monk's kitchen, built c.1480 by Abbot Ramsam (1475-1504). The large chimney stack of the kitchen remains, and on the north wall there are panels carved with the symbols of the Evangelists.
The abbot's northern entrance would have been to the right of the projecting octagonal block, or stair turret, which led to the abbot's parlour above. On the roof are some fine gargoyles like those on the abbey.
Refectory
The refectory stood on the north side of the cloisters, filling in the space between the abbot's Hall and the monks' dormitory to make a quadrangle, and was where the monks ate their meals. Access from the ground floor was opposite the conduit house, and there was most likely access into the kitchen. The refectory may have been built at the same time as the dormitory, late C12, and it was demolished at the same time, in 1554. The stones from the refectory are thought to have been used to build the original 'scholehouse' for the king's school which had been given a royal charter only four years earlier.
All Hallows Church
The nave of the Abbey, west of the Norman quire, was for many years used as the parish church, while the monks kept the crossing and east end of the church for their own use. However, in the 14th century, a large church dedicated to All Saints, or more commonly known as 'Alhalowes', was built at the west end of the Abbey Church as Chapel-of-ease for the townsfolk. The West Porch and West Tower were pulled down to the floor-level of the new church (which was about two feet above the level of the Abbey Church floor) and the new church was constructed on the site of the old St Aldhelm cathedral, completed c.1360.
This church had a nave flanked by an aisle either side, each six bays long. There was a small chapel at the north and south sides (respectively) of the east end. At this time, there was no West Door into the Abbey (inserted 1543) and the easternmost bay acted as an ambulatory for the Abbey. The remaining five bays were used for worship in All Hallows. From old Parish Accounts, we learn that there was a tower at the north west corner, with a ring of bells, and there is also reference to an organ.
In 1450 Bishop Beauchamp confirmed that the status of All Hallows should rise from chapel-of-ease to that of parish church. In c.1542 the church was demolished, following the dissolution of the Abbey in 1539, as St. Mary's became the parish church of Sherborne. The remains of the All Hallows font are now in the St. Mary le Bow Chapel, and most of the bells were transferred to the Abbey tower.
1437 riot
By 1437 all parish services were held in All Hallows Church. The exception being baptisms which were conducted at the font in the Abbey nave because All Hallows, being a chapel-of-ease, was not legally entitled to a font of its own. This continued until the monks, during their reconstruction of the abbey, moved the font from its usual position in the nave, and narrowed the doorway giving access to the nave from All Hallows hindering the baptismal processions. In response to this, the townspeople built their own font in All Hallows.
Once learning of this, Abbot Bradford complained to Bishop Neville that the parishioners had built an illegal font in All Hallows, and the monks were also complaining that the parishioners were ringing the All Hallows' bells very early in the morning disturbing their sleep after their long night offices. Tensions continued to increase and there were more confrontations between the monks and parishioners in 1436.
Robert Neville, Bishop of Salisbury, held an inquiry soon after in an attempt to reconcile the dispute, ultimately taking the side of the parishioners – the monks had arbitrarily disrupted their baptismal processions by moving the font and obstructing the door to the nave.
Six weeks after the hearing Bishop Neville ordered the illegal font in All Hallows to be destroyed and removed, and the bells of All Hallows not to ring before 6 a.m., except on the four great feasts of the year. He ordered the monks to move the abbey font back to its ancient position and to widen the door they had narrowed. Finally, the monks were to build a wall or partition at the expense of the monastery, so that there should be a distinct separation between the monks and parishioners. He gave the monks until the following Christmas (almost a year) to carry out these orders. However, the orders were never carried out except for the building of the partition - a large stone pulpitum, 18 feet high and 5 feet wide, on the west side of the crossing removed during the 1850s restoration.
The dispute simmered through the spring and summer of 1437, and boiled over after the Abbot sent a 'stout butcher' to smash the new All Hallows font. Infuriated by the destruction of the new font, the townspeople retaliated, and on the night of 28 October 1437 one of their priests, Richard Vowells, fired an arrow with a burning tip into the temporary thatch roof of the new quire, causing a huge fire from the burning roof and wooden scaffolding and much damage to the new construction, even melting the tower's lead roof and the bells. The heat brought out the iron in the stone, resulting in it being permanently reddened. The fire seems to have been contained only to the quire and tower; the nave and lady chapel were not significantly affected. In the end, the Pope was needed to settle the conflict and the townspeople were forced to contribute to the repairs of St. Mary's Church which they had destroyed.
After this, All Hallows Chapel became the parish church and even when St. Mary's was finally rebuilt, the parishioners continued to use All Hallows as their parish church until the Abbey's dissolution in 1539.
Military colours
The north nave aisle, sometimes called the 'Trinitie' or 'dark' aisle (as it was overshadowed by the adjoining cloisters), contains several colours from the 2nd Battalion Dorsetshire Regiment and the Dorsetshire Militia. The south nave aisle contains colours of the 1st Battalion Dorsetshire Regiment.
Memorials and tombs
The north choir aisle contains two tombs, believed to be the tombs of King Æthelbald of Wessex and his brother King Ethelbert of Wessex, elder brothers to Alfred the Great.
Inside the Wykeham chapel is the tomb of Sir John Horsey and his son. Horsey had bought the church after the Dissolution of the Monasteries and sold it to the townspeople. Also in the chapel is the plainly marked tomb of the poet Sir Thomas Wyatt.
The south transept contains an impressive baroque memorial to John Digby, 3rd Earl of Bristol, made of marble and designed by John Nost. Additionally there is a memorial to Robert and Mary Digby.
St Katherine's Chapel contains the 16th century tomb of John Leweston and wife Joan. The chapel was where Sir Walter Raleigh and Lady Raleigh attended services.
The north aisle contains a memorial to Abbot Clement (1163) and an effigy to an unknown prior, while the south aisle contains an effigy of Abbot Lawrence of Bradford (1246).
The Digby Memorial, situated outside the abbey, is a memorial to George Digby who provided a lot of funding for renovation work during the 19th century. It was built in 1884 and features statues of St Aldhelm, Bishop Roger of Salisbury (Roger de Caen), Abbot Bradford and Sir Walter Raleigh.
Burials
Æthelbald, King of Wessex
Æthelberht, King of Wessex
Thomas Wyatt (poet)
John Horsey (died 1546)
John Horsey (died 1564)
John Leweston
John Digby, 3rd Earl of Bristol
William Digby, 5th Baron Digby
Reredos
The abbey has two reredos. The more recent is in the Lady Chapel, and was designed by Laurence Whistler in 1969, and fashioned in glass. The second, more substantial reredos was installed in 1858 and designed by RH Carpenter.
Windows
The abbey contains a number of stained glass windows. The diarist Richard Symonds, post 1664–1665, described the location, blazon and surname for coats of arms of some leading families of Dorset displayed on stained glass in the Sherborne church as he observed them during the marches of the Royal Army during the English Civil War.
The south transept's Te Deum window was designed by Pugin in the early 19th century.
The great east window was designed by Clayton and Bell and installed in 1856–58. It features the Apostles Mark, Luke, Matthew and John, and Saints Sidwell and Juthware (Juthwara), who is featured in the Sherborne Missal. The glass in the southern aisle commemorates Sherborne School For Girls' 1949 Jubilee.
The Lady Chapel glass comes from the 1930s, and depicts St Aldhelm presenting a model of his church to the patron.
The great west window is the newest of the major windows designed and made by John Hayward (1929-2007), being installed in 1997 to replace a poor quality, faded, Pugin conceived glass. The new glass depicts the patron and the baby Jesus, the Biblical Magi and the shepherds, the Genesis story, the fall of man and the Easter story.
Misericords
The abbey contains ten c.1440 misericords, situated five on each side of the choir. From west to east, these are carved as following:
N. side: man with hood and foliage; man gurning; Last Judgement, Resurrection of the dead at sides; man's face with foliage; foliage.
S. side: woman praying (possibly St. Margaret), winged monster below, leaves at sides; chained monkey and oak-leaves with acorns; man beating boy, boys at sides; archer shooting a man on horseback, Samson and lion at sides; woman beating man, leaves at sides.
Bells
The C15th central tower contains the heaviest ring of eight bells in the world, with the tenor bell weighing of 46cwt and 5 lbs (5,157 lb or 2,340 kg). A ring should not be confused with a peal, which is a specific type of performance of change ringing.
Since before Norman times the bells were rung from the crossing, directly beneath the tower. Ringing such heavy bells with such long ropes would have taken a lot of effort; it was likely the heavier bells would have each taken two or three men to ring them. In 1858 a new ringing chamber was built just above the tower fan vaulting.
All inscriptions are in upper case and various decorative symbols have been omitted.
Notes
Seventh: Chimed from the choir each week as a call to morning prayer. Called the "Lady bell"
Tenor: This is the smallest of seven bells from Tournai, Belgium presented to English churches in 1514 by Cardinal Thomas Wolsey (1473-1530). This bell is known as Great Tom, after Thomas Wolsey. Though this bell was the smallest of the seven, it is the largest bell rung in a peal in England. The other six were given to the following churches in order of size: Christ Church, Oxford; Exeter; St Paul's; Lincoln: Canterbury and; Gloucester.
Sanctus: Chimed at the blessing of the sanctum during Communion.
Fire bell: It is unusual in that it has an in-turned lip, and so has a completely different sound to a conventional bell. However, it stopped being used in 1863.
The last restoration was carried out in 1995 by Nicholson Engineering of Bridport. This included the replacement of headstocks, bearings, wheels, pulley assemblies, clappers, stays and sliders, and the removal of the cast-in crown staples.
All Hallows bells
By the end of the 14th century, a ring of five or six bells was in use in All Hallows Parish Church, with the earliest known dating from 1514. Most of these were then transferred to the Abbey tower.
Organ
The abbey's organ, located in the north transept, was installed in 1856 by Gray & Davison to some considerable acclaim. It was completely rebuilt in 1955 by J. W. Walker & Sons Ltd with a remote console in the crossing and a large specification. In 1972 John Coulson of Bristol again altered the organ by adding a neo-classically styled 'positiv' in place of the choir manual, some big mixtures on the great, solo mutations on the choir, and increased wind pressures throughout. By 1987 an increasing lack of reliability led to a proposed scheme by Bishop & Son of Ipswich, favouring a return to the Gray & Davison past by almost halving the number of stops, returning the console to the organ loft - attached to the case - and altering the choir division into more of a bombarde to try to overcome the difficulties of the position of the organ. After just over twenty years it was necessary for the organ to be rebuilt again, and in 2004/05 Kenneth Tickell changed the tonal quality of the instrument, installed new ranks in the choir and swell divisions, and provided a new solution to the location issue by installing a new Nave division, located under the west window.
Despite these numerous alterations, much of the pedal division, some of the choir flutes and clarinet, all except the mixture on the great, and much of the chorus swell are original Gray & Davison stops.
List of organists
Assistant organists
Clergy
Sources for the following names and dates include the 'Registrum Sacrum Anglicanum', by William Stubbs (1897), surviving charter signatures, W.B. Wildman's 'A Short History of Sherborne' (1902), records from Sherborne Abbey, archived theses, and several online resources. Where sources' dates conflict or are unclear, either the most reliable source is used, or the date that corresponds to the most individual sources is used. The spelling of names is derived from both reliable sources and historical consensus.
Bishops
The Bishop of Sherborne was established in 705 by St Aldhelm, the Abbot of Malmesbury. It was discontinued when the see of Sherborne was transferred to Old Sarum in 1075. The title Bishop of Sherborne was revived by the Church of England as a suffragan bishopric in the Diocese of Salisbury.
Bishops
*O.S.B = Ordo Sancti Benedicti (Order of Saint Benedict)
Bishops of Sarum who were also Abbots of Sherborne
1078 Osmund
1099 vacant
1102 Roger
Suffragan bishops
Abbots
Vicars
The following is an incomplete list of vicars since about 1400. In the 1900s the position changed from that of vicar to rector.
All Hallows (Alhalowes)
St. Mary's
See also
Adam of Barking
List of former cathedrals in England, Wales and the Isle of Man
List of English abbeys, priories and friaries serving as parish churches
References
External links
Sherborne Abbey official website
More details can be found in 'A History of the Organs of the Abbey'. The current organ specification can be found here.
Christian monasteries established in the 10th century
Anglo-Saxon monastic houses
998 establishments
1539 disestablishments in England
Anglo-Saxon cathedrals
Benedictine monasteries in England
Former Roman Catholic churches in England
Church of England church buildings in Dorset
Monasteries in Dorset
Tourist attractions in Dorset
Former cathedrals in England
10th-century establishments in England
Grade I listed buildings in Dorset
Grade I listed monasteries
Sherborne
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36497827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xe%20Xou%20River | Xe Xou River | Xe Xou River is a river in southeastern Laos. It flows through the Dong Ampham National Biodiversity Conservation Area of Attapeu Province. The village of Ban Keng Maw lies on the river and is where boat trips are launched.
References
Rivers of Laos
Geography of Attapeu province | [
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] |
35849880 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27m%20Fine%2C%20How%20Are%20You%3F | I'm Fine, How Are You? | I'm Fine, How Are You? is an album by Brazilian jazz drummer and percussionist Airto Moreira released in 1977 produced by Flora Purim andAirto Moreira for Zara Productions and co-produced by Kerry McNabb.
Track listing
Side one
"I'm fine. How are you?" (Airto Moreira) – 5:11
"Meni Devol" (Ruben Rada, Hugo Fattoruso) – 5:11
"La Tumbadora" (Rada, Fattoruso) – 3:39
"The Happy People" (Moreira) – 3:48
Side two
"The Road Is Hard (But We're Going To Make It)" (Flora Purim) – 5:32
"La Cumbia De Andres" (Rada, Fattoruso) – 4:24
"Celebration Suite" (Moreira) – 4:16
"Nativity" (feat. Jaco Pastorius) – 6:44
Personnel
Musicians
Airto Moreira – percussion
Laudir de Oliveira – percussion on "The Happy People" and "Celebration Suite"
Manolo Badrena – percussion on "La Tumbadora"
Hugo Fattoruso – keyboards
Byron Miller – bass on all tracks except "The Road Is Hard (We We're Going To Make It)"
Abraham Laboriel – bass on "The Road Is Hard (We We're Going To Make It)"
Jaco Pastorius – bass on "Nativity"
Tom Scott – sax, flute on "I'm fine. How are you?" and "The Road Is Hard (We We're Going To Make It)"
Raul de Souza – trombone on "The Happy People" and "Celebration Suite"
Charles (Icarus) Johnson – guitar
Oscar C. Neves – guitar on "The Happy People" and "Celebration Suite"
Ruben Rada – vocals on "Meni Devol" and "La Tumbadora"
Flora Purim – vocals on "The Road Is Hard (But We're Going To Make It)"
Maria Fattoruso – background vocals
Production
Kerry McNabb – engineering
John Cabalka – art direction, design
Brad Kanawyer – design
Claude Mougin – photography
Julian Falk – kite design
References
External links
Airto Moreira albums
1977 albums | [
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4900279 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interest%20articulation | Interest articulation | Interest articulation is a way for members of a society to express their needs to a system of government. It can range from personal contact with government officials to the development of interest groups (e.g. trade unions, professional associations, religious groups) who act in the interest of larger groups of people. Interest articulation can have different effects in different types of government and can include both legal (i.e.: lobbying, peaceful protest, phone calls and letters to policymakers) and illegal activities (e.g. assassination, riots). Interest articulation leads to interest aggregation.
The types of interest groups, as identified by Gabriel Almond, are:
Anomic Groupsgenerally spontaneous groups with a collective response to a particular frustration
Nonassociational Groupsrarely well organized and their activity is dependent upon the issue at hand. They differ from Anomic groups in that they are usually similar to one another and have a common identity.
Institutional Groupsmostly formal and have some other political or social function in addition to the particular interest.
Associational Groupsformed explicitly to represent an issue of a particular group.
References
Further reading
(also published in Comparative Politics, pp. 128–156, ed. Macridis and Brown)
Government | [
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889233 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.%20Route%2063 | U.S. Route 63 | U.S. Route 63 (US 63) is a major north–south United States Highway primarily in the Midwestern and Southern United States. The southern terminus of the route is at Interstate 20 (I-20) in Ruston, Louisiana; the northern terminus is at US 2 west of Ashland, Wisconsin.
Route description
Louisiana
US 63 runs concurrently with US 167 for its entire route in Louisiana, from Ruston north, to Junction City, at the Arkansas state line, a distance of .
Arkansas
US 63 overlaps numerous other Interstate and U.S. Highways on its way from Junction City, at the Louisiana line, north to Mammoth Spring, at the Missouri line.
Continuing from Ruston, Louisiana, US 167 from Junction City to El Dorado
I-530 and US 65, along with US 79, in Pine Bluff
US 79 again from Pine Bluff to Stuttgart
US 165 in Stuttgart
US 70 in Hazen
I-40 from Hazen to Brinkley.
U.S. Route 49 from Brinkley to Jonesboro
U.S. Route 49 and I-555 in Jonesboro
US 412 alone from Portia to Imboden
US 62 and US 412 from Imboden to Hardy; it just misses meeting US 167 again at its northern terminus at Ash Flat, near Hardy
While historically there were many non-concurrencies on US 63, many of those have been resolved. In 2016, US 63 from Jonesboro (including the US 49 concurrency) to Turrell was designated as I-555. As a result, US 63 was rerouted to run concurrently with US 49 from Brinkley to Jonesboro. US 63 then runs concurrently with US 49 and I-555 until Southwest Drive in Jonesboro, where it then continues northwest alone to its concurrency with US 412 at Portia, just northwest of Walnut Ridge.
Missouri
The highway passes south-to-north through Missouri, from Arkansas to Iowa, serving cities such as Rolla, Jefferson City, Columbia, Moberly, Macon, and Kirksville. Notable routes that are intersected include US 60 in Howell County, I-44 at Rolla, US 50 (with which it shares a concurrency into Jefferson City south of the Missouri River until it reaches the junction with US 54), US 54 (which it overlaps in Jefferson City from the junction with US 50 and crosses the Missouri River with on the Jefferson City Bridge), I-70 at Columbia, US 24 at Moberly, US 36 at Macon, and US 136 at Lancaster.
US 63 in Missouri was Route 7 from 1922 to 1926.
Iowa
US 63 passes south-to-north through Iowa. It enters the state from Missouri south of Bloomfield. Between Ottumwa and Oskaloosa, the highway overlaps Iowa Highway 163. This segment is an expressway which connects Des Moines with Burlington, with freeway bypasses of Ottumwa and Eddyville. Near Malcom, US 63 meets I-80. Only a few miles later, it joins US 6 westbound for several miles near Grinnell, then goes north again. At Toledo, it intersects US 30 and at Waterloo, US 63 meets US 20. An expressway section opened in October 2012, completing the four-lane link between Waterloo and New Hampton. The highway enters Minnesota just north of Chester.
Minnesota
US 63 enters Minnesota from Iowa south of Spring Valley. After meeting I-90, US 63 serves the local airport and then intersects with US 52. In this area, US 63 is an expressway, but plans are to upgrade the highway to a freeway between Stewartville and the US 52 interchange. In 2014, US 63 was rerouted around downtown Rochester, running concurrently with US 52 to 75th St NW, jutting back to the east to the existing route. North of Rochester, the highway meets US 61 at Lake City. From there, the two routes run concurrently to Red Wing, where US 63 turns north and crosses the Mississippi River to enter Wisconsin over the Eisenhower Bridge.
The Minnesota section of US 63 is defined as Routes 59 and 161 in Minnesota Statutes §§ 161.114(2) and 161.115(92).
Wisconsin
US 63 enters Wisconsin south of Hager City. Near Baldwin, US 63 intersects I-94. The highway briefly overlaps near Spooner with US 53. At Trego, they separate and US 63 runs southwest to northeast, passing through Hayward and Cable most notably, and ending near Ashland at US 2.
History
Though US 63 as a stand-alone highway had always ended at Turrell, Arkansas, before the 1999 extension, in the past it was concurrent with US 61/US 64/US 70/US 79 (and later I-55) on into Memphis, Tennessee, over the Memphis & Arkansas Bridge. Unlike the 1999 extension, this concurrency to Memphis was generally in line with the rest of US 63. Though some maps continued to show this concurrency until 1999, Arkansas had not recognized US 63 south of Turrell for many years, since at least the 1960s.
Major intersections
Louisiana
in Ruston. US 63/US 167 travels concurrently to El Dorado, Arkansas.
Arkansas
in El Dorado
south of Warren
in Warren
in Pine Bluff. I-530/US 63/US 65 travels concurrently through the city. US 63/US 79 travels concurrently to Stuttgart.
in Pine Bluff
in Stuttgart
in Hazen. The highways travel concurrently through the city.
in Hazen. The highways travel concurrently to West Memphis.
in Brinkley
south of Jennette. The highways travel concurrently to West Memphis.
in West Memphis. I-55/US 63 travels concurrently to Turrell. US 61/US 63 travels concurrently to Turrell. US 63/US 64 travels concurrently to Marion.
in Turrell. I-555/US 63 travel concurrently to Jonesboro.
in Jonesboro. The highways travel concurrently through the city.
in Walnut Ridge. The highways travel concurrently to Hoxie.
southeast of Portia. The highways travel concurrently to Hardy.
in Imboden. The highways travel concurrently to Hardy.
Missouri
in West Plains. The highways travel concurrently through the city.
southeast of Willow Springs. The highways travel concurrently to southeast of Cabool.
in Rolla
north of Westphalia. The highways travel concurrently to Jefferson City.
in Jefferson City. US 54/US 63 travels concurrently through the city.
in Columbia
in Moberly
in Macon
south-southeast of Glenwood. The highways travel concurrently to Lancaster.
Iowa
in Ottumwa. The highways travel concurrently to east of Ottumwa.
south of Malcom
north of Malcom. The highways travel concurrently to north-northwest of Malcom.
in Toledo
in Waterloo
in Waterloo.
west of Fredericksburg. The highways travel concurrently to New Hampton.
Minnesota
in Stewartville
in Rochester
in Rochester
in Lake City. The highways travel concurrently to Red Wing.
Wisconsin
west of Ellsworth. The highways travel concurrently to east of Ellsworth.
in Baldwin
in Baldwin. The highways travel concurrently through the village.
in Turtle Lake. The highways travel concurrently through the village.
north-northeast of Spooner. The highways travel concurrently to Trego.
west of Ashland
See also
Related routes
Iowa Highway 163 - Formerly a spur of US 63 numbered US 163
Special routes
U.S. Route 63 Business in Warren, Arkansas
U.S. Route 63 Business in Pine Bluff, Arkansas
U.S. Route 63 Business in Marked Tree, Arkansas
U.S. Route 63 Business in Bono, Arkansas
U.S. Route 63 Business in Hoxie, Arkansas
U.S. Route 63 Business in Hardy, Arkansas
U.S. Route 63 Business in West Plains, Missouri
U.S. Route 63 Business in Willow Springs, Missouri
U.S. Route 63 Business in Moberly, Missouri
U.S. Route 63 Business in Ottumwa, Iowa
U.S. Route 63 Business in New Hampton, Iowa
References
External links
Endpoints of US 63
U.S. Route 63
United States Numbered Highway System
U.S. Highways in Wisconsin
63 | [
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] |
38639883 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason%20Brickman | Jason Brickman | Jason Alexander Brickman (born November 19, 1991) is a Filipino-American basketball player who played for the Kaohsiung Aquas of the T1 League. He completed his college career for the Long Island University Blackbirds after the 2013–14 season. Brickman was considered one of the best passers in the nation according to ESPN analyst Jay Bilas. Of Brickman, Bilas said "He really understands angles very well. He gets the ball to (LIU's) best players, and he does a really nice job of managing the game. An excellent passer." Brickman led NCAA Division I in assists per game as a junior with an 8.52 average, then repeated in 2013–14 with a 10.00 per game average. He is one of only four players in Division I history to record 1,000 assists.
High school career
Brickman played prep basketball at Tom C. Clark High School in San Antonio, Texas. In his senior season he led Clark to a District 28-5A championship behind the strength of a 29–7 record. He was named the district's most valuable player, earned first team all-district honors and also earned Class 5A All-State honors from the Texas Association of Basketball Coaches.
College career
Freshman season
In the fall of 2010 Brickman began his collegiate career for Long Island. As a freshman in 2010–11 he averaged 5.5 assists per game, led the Northeast Conference (NEC) in total assists (180) and in assists-per-turnover ratio (2.81). The 180 assists were the fourth-highest season assist total in school history. He also helped lead Long Island to a berth in the 2011 NCAA Tournament, and in a first round loss to North Carolina, Brickman recorded eight assists and two steals. Then-head coach Jim Ferry claimed Brickman was the "John Stockton" to their team. At the end of the season he was named the NEC Rookie of the Year by the NIT and Metropolitan Basketball Writers Association as well as being selected to the NEC All-Rookie and All-Tournament teams.
Sophomore season
The Blackbirds earned a second consecutive berth to the NCAA Tournament behind Brickman and NEC Player of the Year Julian Boyd. Brickman's 7.3 assists per game ranked fifth nationally while his 249 total assists set a new school record. He was chosen as a Second Team All-Conference performer while also repeating as an All-NEC Tournament selection; in the NEC championship, Brickman scored 18 points and dished out 11 assists against Robert Morris, thus clinching their automatic 2012 NCAA Tournament berth. Long Island lost to Michigan State in the first round.
Junior season
Brickman led NCAA Division I in assists per game with an 8.50 average. He managed this despite Long Island losing reigning NEC Player of the Year Julian Boyd to an ACL injury in December 2012 that sidelined him for the entire season.
Senior season
On February 17, 2014, Brickman was named one of the 23 finalists for the Bob Cousy Award, given annually to the best point guard in Division I men's basketball. In his final college game, played on March 1, 2014, Brickman became only the fourth men's player in Division I history to collect 1,000 career assists, finishing with 1,009. He also became only the second Division I men's player to average double figures in points and assists in the same season, after Avery Johnson of Southern in 1987–88.
Professional career
In June 2014 he signed a contract to play for Dynamo Moscow in the Russian Basketball Super League where he averaged 2 points and 2.8 assists in 8 Superleague games. On December 2, 2014 he chose to leave Dynamo.
On January 23, 2015, Brickman signed with Medi Bayreuth of the Basketball Bundesliga. On April 6, he parted ways with the German team after averaging 7.5 points and 4.8 assists in 11 games.
In 2015, the Westports Malaysia Dragons signed Brickman being a Filipino as one of their two ASEAN imports in the ASEAN Basketball League. As a member of the Dragons in 2016, he won a championship and was named Finals MVP.
In June 2016, Brickman signed with Mono Vampire Basketball Club of the GSB Thailand Basketball Super League and Thailand Basketball League.
Brickman averaged 12.8 points on a 43-percent shooting from the field, to go with 8.9 assists, 4.5 rebounds, and 1.8 steals in his 13 games last season with Mono Vampire.
The Fil-Am guard also played for Hi-Tech Bangkok City in the Thailand Super Basketball League (TBSL), where he netted 11.5 points, 8.8 assists, 3.9 rebounds, and 1.8 steals this past season.
In 2019, Brickman played for Mighty Sports in both the 2019 Dubai International Basketball Championship and in the 2019 Jones Cup.
In October 16, 2019, Brickman signed with the San Miguel Alab Pilipinas for the 2019-20 ABL season.
In September 24, 2021, Brickman signed with Kaohsiung Aquas of the T1 League.
See also
List of NCAA Division I men's basketball season assists leaders
List of NCAA Division I men's basketball career assists leaders
References
1991 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Germany
American expatriate basketball people in Malaysia
American expatriate basketball people in Russia
American expatriate basketball people in Taiwan
American expatriate basketball people in Thailand
American men's basketball players
American sportspeople of Filipino descent
ASEAN Basketball League players
Basketball players from San Antonio
BC Dynamo Moscow players
Filipino expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Filipino expatriate basketball people in Malaysia
Filipino expatriate basketball people in Taiwan
Filipino expatriate basketball people in Thailand
Filipino men's basketball players
Kaohsiung Aquas players
Kuala Lumpur Dragons players
LIU Brooklyn Blackbirds men's basketball players
Medi Bayreuth players
Point guards
Citizens of the Philippines through descent | [
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] |
43268387 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gubik%20Formation | Gubik Formation | The Gubik Formation is a geologic formation in Alaska. It preserves fossils.
See also
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Alaska
Paleontology in Alaska
References
Geologic formations of Alaska | [
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20350377 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred%20Bell | Fred Bell | Thomas Frederick Bell, Jr. (born May 10, 1875-.d.June 9, 1934) was an American millionaire heir, the son of banker Thomas Bell and his wife Teresa.
Mary Pleasant litigation
Bell's father had been an associate of African-American businesswoman Mary Ellen Pleasant, and with her assistance he had built a fortune of $30 million ($ million today). He died in 1892 after falling down a flight of stairs, leaving a third of his estate and a substantial allowance to his family. Mary Pleasant and Teresa Bell oversaw the family finances together, but by 1897 the family was deeply in debt. Fred Bell blamed Pleasant, and he filed a series of lawsuits directed at gaining control of the estate. The litigation perpetuated the image of Pleasant, a light-skinned woman who had once passed for white, as a devious "mammy."
The first lawsuit, filed against Teresa, claimed that she was wasting the family fortune under Pleasant's influence, and demanded that she be removed as head of the household. Two years later Bell publicly accused Pleasant of murdering his father, and Teresa evicted her from the family home. The litigation continued even after Pleasant's death in 1904.
Career
Teresa Bell died in 1922, leaving her children $5 each. They successfully fought the will in court. Out of his mother's $1,000,000.00 estate Fred received only $75,000.00. He invested his money in the stock market, benefitting handsomely from the ongoing stock boom, and was known as "Champagne Fred." By his own admission at the time of the death of his third wife Alvide H. Thurson in May 1929 he was broke. The 1929 stock market crash left him destitute. Bell, impoverished despite his three-piece suit and cane, came to symbolize the country's reversal of fortune during the Great Depression. He lost his fortune in the stock market crash so he sold apples to support himself. On March 7, 1931, a photographer made a picture of him selling apples on a street corner in San Francisco. He died in a poor house.
References
1875 births
1934 deaths | [
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26304769 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne%20Coates | Wayne Coates | Wayne Coates is a former member of the Ohio House of Representatives. He represented a Cincinnati, Ohio area district from 2001-2002. He was succeeded by Republican Jim Raussen. Mr Coates serves as the Hamilton County Recorder being elected in November 2008 and took office January 5, 2009, and also serves as Treasurer of the Ohio Recorders’ Association.
Prior to being elected as County Recorder, he served as Administrative Courtroom Bailiff for Hamilton County Municipal Court Judge Ted N. Berry.
Wayne Coates previously served as Mayor of the City of Forest Park from December 4, 1995 through December 1, 1999, having served on City Council since 1989. As Mayor, he served as Presiding Judge over Forest Park Mayor's Court.
Mr. Coates also served as Trustee, Executive Committee member, Finance Chairman and Facilities Chairman of the Cincinnati-Hamilton County Community Action Agency in the incipient of the Theodore M. Berry Head Start Center in the West End.
While Mayor, Mr. Coates served as Trustee to the Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Regional Council of Government; serving on the "Transportation Enhancement Policy Task Force" on bike ways, historical preservation, and beautification projects.
As Mayor Mr. Coates was an active participant of the Ohio Mayor's Association, the Ohio Municipal League, and served as Legislative Chairman of the Hamilton County Municipal League.
On City Council Mr. Coates served on Forest Park's Planning Commission and the Cincinnati-Hamilton County Housing Resource Board, and was a charter member of the Forest Park Historical Society.
Prior to serving on Forest Park City Council, Mr. Coates served as Chairman of the Forest Park Beautification and Conservation Commission, initiating the city's Urban Forestry Program that was instrumental in Forest Park being named a "Tree City USA".
Additionally Mr. Coates served on the Forest Park Economic Development Commission encouraging business growth and expanding employment opportunities to area residents, while continuing efforts to enhance the city's image.
Mr. Coates is a member of the Cincinnati Area Board of Realtors and holds his GRI (Graduate Realtors Institute) from the Ohio Association of Realtors and a CRS (Certified Residential Specialist) professional real estate designation from the Realtors National Marketing Institute. Mr. Coates is also a former Legislative Chairman of the Cincinnati Area Board of Realtors, and Trustee of the Ohio Association of Realtors. Mr. Coates received OAR’s "Ben Franklin Award" for writing contributions on real estate industry matters.
Mr. Coates is a former Registered Home Builder and built a Homearama Home in 1981.
Mr. Coates is a former Treasurer of the Reading/Sycamore Fraternal Order of Eagles; a former member of the Florence Kiwanis and Greenhill/Forest Park Kawanis, and the Forest Park Chamber of Commerce.
Mr. Coates served eleven years in the Kentucky Jaycees; and was acknowledged as an "Outstanding State Program Manager" for his environmental programming efforts and recognized as a "Jaycee International Senator" for his leadership, vision, and commitment to the Jaycee organization.
Mr. Coates is also the past President of the St. Matthews Jaycees, a suburb of Louisville, Kentucky.
He is married to his wife Linda and they have two grown daughters; Stephanie and Jamie, and a their granddaughter Ella.
References
Members of the Ohio House of Representatives
Living people
21st-century American politicians
Year of birth missing (living people) | [
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15747276 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose%20Hill%20%28film%29 | Rose Hill (film) | Rose Hill is a 1997 American Western television film, directed by Christopher Cain and written by Earl W. Wallace. The film stars Jennifer Garner, Jeffrey D. Sams, Vera Farmiga, Justin Chambers, and Zak Orth. It is based on Julie Garwood's 1995 novel For the Roses. The film premiered on CBS on April 20, 1997.
Plot
Four Boston street urchins adopt a young infant that they discovered in a wagon when they made their escape from the police. They named the baby girl Mary Rose. As they grow up together, the five eventually settle in Blue Belle, Montana. In Blue Belle, Mary Rose and her four brothers (Adam, Cole, Douglas, and Travis) have a free-range cattle farm by the name of Rose Hill near a lake. There, Mary Rose grows up and longs to find her real family, as well as learn about her true identity.
Cast
Jennifer Garner as Mary Rose Clayborne
Courtney Chase as Young Mary Rose
Jeffrey D. Sams as Adam Clayborne
Michael Alexander Jackson as Young Adam
Justin Chambers as Cole Clayborne
Kevin Zegers Young Cole
Zak Orth as Douglas Clayborne
David Klein as Young Douglas
Tristan Tait as Travis Clayborne
Blair Slater as Young Travis
Vera Farmiga as Emily Elliot
David Aaron Baker as Harrison Elliot
Stuart Wilson as Richard Elliot
Production
The film was directed by Christopher Cain and was written by Earl W. Wallace who adapted the screenplay from the Claybornes of Rose Hill novels, which were written by author Julie Garwood. This film is based on the first novel in Garwood's series, For the Roses. It premiered on CBS on April 20, 1997 in the United States, as was distributed by Hallmark Home Entertainment. Principal photography took place in Calgary, Alberta, Longview, Alberta and Montreal, Quebec in Canada.
Accolades
Differences from novels
Adam marries
Cole is killed
Douglas and Travis leave the ranch in search of their independent fortunes
There is no correspondence between the siblings and Mary Rose
Harrison is Mary Rose's brother
Mary Rose's father lives in New York
References
External links
Hallmark Channel microsite
1997 television films
American television films
Western (genre) television films
1990s English-language films
Films directed by Christopher Cain
Films scored by Steve Dorff
Hallmark Hall of Fame episodes | [
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] |
470198 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSLIOP | SSLIOP | In distributed computing, SSLIOP is an Internet Inter-ORB Protocol (IIOP) over Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), providing confidentiality and authentication.
, SSLIOP is implemented by (at least) TAO, JacORB, OpenORB , and MICO .
See also
CSIv2
SECIOP
Common Object Request Broker Architecture | [
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53810583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%20Fed%20Cup%20Europe/Africa%20Zone%20Group%20II%20%E2%80%93%20Pool%20A | 2017 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group II – Pool A | Group A of the 2017 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group II was one of 2 pools in the Europe/Africa zone of the 2017 Fed Cup. Four teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top two teams and the bottom two teams proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top two teams played for advancement to Group I, while the bottom two teams faced potential relegation to Group III.
Standings
Standings are determined by: 1. number of wins; 2. if two teams have the same number of wins, head-to-head record; 3. if three teams have the same number of wins, (a) number of matches won in the group, then (b) percentage of sets won in the group, then (c) percentage of games won in the group, then (d) Fed Cup rankings.
Round-robin
Sweden vs. Slovenia
South Africa vs. Norway
Sweden vs. Norway
South Africa vs. Slovenia
Sweden vs. South Africa
Norway vs. Slovenia
References
External links
Fed Cup website
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1739149 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot%20Wheels%3A%20AcceleRacers | Hot Wheels: AcceleRacers | Hot Wheels: AcceleRacers is a 2005 computer-animated series of four films produced by Canadian company Mainframe Entertainment, which also produced the television series ReBoot. Available on DVD and VHS, it has also been shown on Cartoon Network.
A sequel to the 2003 miniseries Hot Wheels: World Race, the series takes place two years after the World Race in California and puts Mattel's Hot Wheels toy cars in a ReBoot-like situation, with racing somewhat reminiscent of Mario Kart. The films were distributed by Warner Bros. Television and the soundtrack was distributed by Sony BMG. A collectible card game, which was shown in the DVD bonus, and other merchandise were also made.
Four specials were aired on Cartoon Network in 2005: Ignition (January 8), The Speed of Silence (March 19), Breaking Point (June 25) and The Ultimate Race (October 1).
Plot
Scientist Dr. Peter Tezla discovers that the Wheel of Power, an artifact from a highly advanced ancient civilization called the Accelerons, is a gateway to places called the Racing Realms. Tezla recruits two street racing teams, The Teku and The Metal Maniacs, to go into the Realms. The two teams race through the Realms, competing against evil robots called the Racing Drones and against mysterious human adversaries called the Silencerz. The winner of each Realm wins an AcceleCharger, a device that provides a power-up for a car with the power-up being based on a skill that is relevant to that Realm. The Teku and Metal Maniacs must ultimately team up to defeat the Drones, and secrets are revealed throughout the series about some characters' connections to the Silencerz.
Cast
Dexter Bell as Nolo Pasaro
Adrian Holmes as Tork Maddox
Kirby Morrow as Shirako Takamoto
Andrew Duncan (director) as Mitch "Monkey" McClurg
Reprise Role From the Hot Wheels World Race
Kathleen Barr as Gelorum
Michael Donovan as Dr. Peter Tezla
Brian Drummond as Kurt Wylde
Films
See also
Hot Wheels (1969-1971)
Heroes on Hot Wheels (1991-1992)
Hot Wheels: World Race (2003)
Hot Wheels Battle Force 5 (2009-2011)
Team Hot Wheels (2014-2017)
References
External links
Hot Wheels
American computer-animated television series
Fictional racing drivers
Direct-to-video animated films
Films based on Mattel toys
Films about parallel universes
Films about wormholes
2005 direct-to-video films
Rainmaker Studios films
Animated films about auto racing
2000s American animated films
American films
Film series
Mass media franchises
American auto racing films
American action adventure films | [
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19090685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resign-to-run%20law | Resign-to-run law | A resign-to-run law is a law that requires the current holder of an office to resign from that office before they can run for another office. This is distinct from a dual mandate prohibition, where a person has to resign from their old office to the new office, rather than to the new office. Resign-to-run laws exist in several jurisdictions, including five US states.
Arguments for and against
Supporters of resign-to-run laws argue that a politician running for one office while holding another might neglect the duties of their current office, since they spend much of their time campaigning for the new office. They also believe that in a race between someone who currently holds another office and someone who doesn't, the person who holds another office can unfairly use their incumbency as leverage in the campaign, for example by funnelling official resources into the campaign or by using their office as a fallback in case they lose the race.
An officeholder who wants to run for higher office may time their run to complete their tasks in their current office. An example of this is Rodney Glassman, 2010 candidate for U.S. Senate from Arizona, who delayed his formal announcement until the city's budget was completed.
Opponents say that resign-to-run laws are likely to harm people who have public service as a job, since these people might not be in a good enough financial position to resign from their current office if they want to run for another office. People who want to hold a particular office might also be dissuaded from running for lower offices beforehand, as holding lower offices would block them from running for their desired office and serve as a hindrance instead of a stepping stone.
Examples
United States
Arizona
Section 38-296 of the Arizona Revised Statutes, entitled "Limitation upon filing for election by incumbent of elective office" states:
Except during the final year of the term being served, no incumbent of a salaried elective office, whether holding by election or appointment, may offer himself for nomination or election to any salaried local, state or federal office.
An incumbent of a salaried elected office shall be deemed to have offered himself for nomination or election to a salaried local, state or federal office on the filing of a nomination paper pursuant to section 16-311, subsection A. An incumbent of a salaried elected office is not deemed to have offered himself for nomination or election to an office by making a formal declaration of candidacy for the office.
Note: Changes passed by the legislature in 2013 allow elected officials to publicly announce their candidacy for another office. Previously, they had to hide their intentions from voters, as they would have had to resign upon formally announcing candidacy for a different office. Now they do not have to resign their current office unless they file formal nominating papers and are not in their final year of office. The text above reflects these changes.
Florida
Section 99.012 of the Florida Statutes states: "No officer may qualify as a candidate for another public office, whether state, district, county or municipal, if the terms or any part thereof run concurrently with each other, without resigning from the office he or she presently holds." The Florida law permits an office-holder to make their resignation effective the day they would assume the new office if elected.
In 1970, the US District Court for the Northern District of Florida ruled that Florida's resign-to-run law could not be applied to candidates running for Congress. The court found that the law violated Article 1, Section 2, Clause 2, of the Constitution by providing an additional qualification not provided by the Constitution for election to Congress. That same year, in a separate case, Supreme Court Justice Hugo Black questioned the constitutionality of the same statute.
Georgia
Article II, Section 2, Paragraph V of the 1983 Constitution of Georgia reads: "The office of any state, county, or municipal elected official shall be declared vacant upon such elected official qualifying, in a general primary or general election, or special primary or special election, for another state, county, or municipal elective office or qualifying for the House of Representatives or the Senate of the United States if the term of the office for which such official is qualifying for begins more than 30 days prior to the expiration of such official's present term of office."
Hawaii
In 1978, Article II, Section 7 was added to the Constitution of Hawaii to include resign-to-run: "Any elected public officer shall resign from that office before being eligible as a candidate for another public office, if the term of the office sought begins before the end of the term of the office held."
Texas
Article 16, Section 65(b) of the Constitution of Texas states: "If any of the officers named herein shall announce their candidacy, or shall in fact become a candidate, in any General, Special or Primary Election, for any office of profit or trust under the laws of this State or the United States other than the office then held, at any time when the unexpired term of the office then held shall exceed one year and 30 days, such announcement or such candidacy shall constitute an automatic resignation of the office then held, and the vacancy thereby created shall be filled pursuant to law in the same manner as other vacancies for such office are filled."
The "officers named herein" are listed in Article 16, Section 65(a):
District Clerks
County Clerks
County Judges
Judges of the County Courts at Law
Judges of the County Criminal Courts
Judges of the County Probate Courts
Judges of the County Domestic Relations Courts
County Treasurers
Criminal District Attorneys
County Surveyors
County Commissioners
Justices of the Peace
Sheriffs
Assessors and Collectors of Taxes
District Attorneys
County Attorneys
Public Weighers
Constables
Tex. Elec. Code § 145.001(e) permits a person to run for office and simultaneously be a candidate for president or Vice President of the United States. This statute permitted Lyndon B. Johnson to run for vice president in 1960 and, at the same time, seek re-election as United States Senator from Texas. Lloyd Bentsen took advantage of the same provision in 1988 when he was the Vice Presidential running mate of Michael Dukakis.
See also
Cursus honorum
Dual mandate
Incumbent#Incumbency advantage
References
External links
Resign-to-run law on Ballotpedia
Election law | [
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42778257 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makoto%20Kaneko | Makoto Kaneko | Makoto Kaneko may refer to:
Makoto Kaneko (businessman) (born 1945), Japanese businessman and horse owner
Makoto Kaneko (footballer) (born 1975), former Japanese footballer
Makoto Kaneko (baseball) (born 1975), Japanese baseball player | [
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34010681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradley%20County%20Courthouse%20and%20Clerk%27s%20Office | Bradley County Courthouse and Clerk's Office | Bradley County Courthouse is a courthouse in Warren, Arkansas, United States, the county seat of Bradley County, built in 1903. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. The courthouse was built using two colors of brick and features a 2½ story clock tower.
History
Bradley County was established in 1840 from Union County and was named for Hugh Bradley. Eventually Bradley County was fragmented into five more counties. Pennington Settlement, later renamed Warren, became the county seat around 1840. Two courthouses, a log cabin and later a brick and stucco building, were used for county business until the building of the current structure in 1903.
Architecture
The Bradley County Courthouse has a two-tone brick exterior with quoin arched windows as well as gauged voussoirs and dentils along the cornices. A tower in one corner of the structure has clocks facing all four directions, an arched cupola, and a hexagonal shaped roof. Also included on the National Register of Historic Places is a one-story brick building built in 1890. Originally the county clerk's office, the building now serves as a library.
See also
List of county courthouses in Arkansas
National Register of Historic Places listings in Bradley County, Arkansas
References
County government in Arkansas
County clerks in Arkansas
County courthouses in Arkansas
Government buildings completed in 1903
Buildings and structures in Bradley County, Arkansas
Courthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
National Register of Historic Places in Bradley County, Arkansas
Historic district contributing properties in Arkansas
1903 establishments in Arkansas | [
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19748111 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20Bono%27s%20invasion%20of%20Abyssinia | De Bono's invasion of Abyssinia | De Bono's invasion of Abyssinia took place during the opening stages of the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. Italian General Emilio De Bono invaded northern Abyssinia from staging areas in the Italian colony of Eritrea on what was known as the "northern front".
Background
Italian dictator Benito Mussolini had long held a desire for a new Italian Empire. Reminiscent of the Roman Empire, Mussolini's new empire was to rule over the Mediterranean and North Africa. His new empire would also avenge past Italian defeats. Chief among these defeats was the Battle of Adwa which took place in Abyssinia on 1 March 1896. Mussolini promised the Italian people "a place in the sun", matching the extensive colonial empires of Britain and France.
Ethiopia was a prime candidate of this expansionist goal for several reasons. Following the Scramble for Africa by the European imperialists, it was one of the few remaining independent African nations. Acquiring Ethiopia would serve to unify Italian-held Eritrea and Italian Somaliland. In addition, Ethiopia was considered to be militarily weak and rich in resources.
In November 1932, per a request from Mussolini, De Bono wrote up a plan for an invasion of Ethiopia. What he wrote indicated that he envisioned a traditional mode of penetration. A limited force would move gradually southward from Eritrea. The force would establish bases of strength and, from these bases, advance against increasingly weakened and disorganized opponents. The invasion DeBono envisioned would be cheap, easy, safe and slow.
Italian invasion
At precisely 5:00 am on 3 October 1935, General Emilio De Bono crossed the Mareb River and advanced into Ethiopia from Eritrea without a Declaration of War. In response to the Italian invasion, Ethiopia declared war on Italy. At this point in the campaign, roadways represented a serious drawback for the Italians as they crossed into Ethiopia. On the Italian side, roads had been constructed right up to the border. On the Ethiopian side, these roads often transitioned into vaguely defined paths.
General Emilio De Bono was the commander-in-chief of all Italian armed forces in East Africa. In addition, he was the commander-in-chief of the forces invading from Eritrea, the "northern front". De Bono had under his direct command a force of nine divisions in three Army Corps: The Italian I Corps, the Italian II Corps, and the Eritrean Corps.
General Rodolfo Graziani was De Bono's subordinate. He was the commander-in-chief of forces invading from Italian Somaliland, the "southern front". Initially he had two divisions and a variety of smaller units under his command. Soon after De Bono advanced from Eritrea, Graziani would advance into Ethiopia from Somaliland with a force of Italians, Somalis, Eritreans, and Libyans.
Adigrat and Adwa
On 5 October, the I Corps took Adigrat and, by 6 October 1935, Adwa was captured by the II Corps. In 1896, Adwa was the site of a humiliating Italian defeat during the First Italo–Ethiopian War and now that historic defeat was "avenged". But, in 1935, the Italian capture of Adwa was accomplished with almost no Ethiopian resistance. Haile Selassie had ordered Ras Seyum Mangasha, the commander of the Ethiopian Army of Tigre, to withdraw a day's march away from the Mareb River. Later, he ordered Ras Seyum and Dejazmach Haile Selassie Gugsa, also in the area, to move back fifty-five and thirty-five miles from the border.
Italy declared aggressor
On 7 October, the League of Nations declared Italy the aggressor and started the slow process of imposing sanctions. However, these sanctions did not extend to several vital materials, such as oil. The British and French argued that if they refused to sell oil to the Italians, the Italians would then simply get it from the United States, which was not a member of the League (the British and French wanted to keep Mussolini on side in the event of war with Germany, which by 1935 was looking like a distinct possibility). In an effort to find compromise, the Hoare-Laval Plan was drafted (which essentially handed 3/5ths of Ethiopia to the Italians without Ethiopia's consent on the condition the war ended immediately), but when news of the deal was leaked public outrage was such that the British and French governments were forced to wash their hands of the whole affair.
Surrender of Haile Selassie Gugsa
On 11 October, Dejazmach Haile Selassie Gugsa and 1,200 of his followers surrendered to the commander of the Italian outpost at Adagamos. De Bono notified Rome and the Ministry of Information promptly exaggerated the importance of the surrender for propaganda purposes. Haile Selassie Gugsa was Emperor Haile Selassie's son-in-law. But less than a tenth of Haile Selassie Gugsa's army defected with him. Two weeks before the invasion, Haile Selassie had been warned that Haile Selassie Gugsa was not to be trusted and he was shown evidence that suggested that his son-in-law was already in the pay of the Italians. But the Emperor had shrugged it off.
Slavery abolished
On 14 October, De Bono issued a proclamation ordering the suppression of slavery. However, he was to write: "I am obliged to say that the proclamation did not have much effect on the owners of slaves and perhaps still less on the liberated slaves themselves. Many of the latter, the instant they were set free, presented themselves to the Italian authorities, asking 'And now who gives me food?
Axum
By 15 October, De Bono's forces moved on from Adwa for a bloodless occupation of the holy capital of Axum. The old Fascist entered the city riding triumphantly on a white horse. However, the invading Italians he commanded looted the Obelisk of Axum and, in 1937, it was taken to Rome.
Ethiopian mobilization on the northern front
Meanwhile, the Ethiopians had mobilized on the northern front. On 17 October, for four hours in Addis Ababa the 70,000 strong Mahel Safari jogged past the Emperor. The Mahel Safari was led by Ras Mulugeta Yeggazu, the Minister of War. Ras Mulugeta and the Mahel Safari then moved out by foot along the "Imperial Highway" to Dessie. From Dessie, Ras Mulugeta moved his army slowly north towards Amba Aradam. The Mahel Safari halted along the way to raze villages and to flog the chiefs of the recalcitrant Azebu and Raya Oromo.
In Gondar, the capital of Begemder Province, Ras Kassa Haile Darge of Shewa Province called a chitet, the traditional mustering of the provincial levies in Begemder. Ras Kassa raised an army of 160,000 men. Ras Kassa's oldest son, Dejazmach Wondosson Kassa, was Shum of Begemder. With one-third of this total number, Ras Kassa, along with sons Aberra Kassa, Asfawossen Kassa, and Wondosson Kassa, moved north to link up with Ras Seyum in the area around Abbi Addi.
In Debra Markos, the capital of Gojjam Province, Ras Imru Haile Selassie raised an army of 25,000. He moved north into the area around Shire. In Semien and Wolkait, Fitawrari Ayalew Birru was already threatening the Eritrean frontier with 10,000 mountaineers.
Mek'ele
De Bono's advance continued methodically, deliberately, and, to the consternation of Mussolini, somewhat slowly. On 8 November, the I Corps and the Eritrean Corps captured Mek'ele, Haile Selassie Gugsa's capital in eastern Tigre. This proved to be the limit of how far the Italian invaders would get under the command of De Bono. Increasing pressure from the rest of the world on Mussolini caused him to need fast glittering victories. He was not prepared to hear of obstacles or delays from De Bono.
Aftermath
On 16 November, De Bono was promoted to the rank of Marshal of Italy (Maresciallo d'Italia). But, in December, he was replaced on the northern front because of the slow, cautious nature of his advance. On 17 December, De Bono received State Telegram 13181 (Telegrama di Stato 13181) which indicated that, with the capture of Makale, his mission was accomplished. He was replaced by Marshal Pietro Badoglio.
Almost immediately, Badoglio was faced with an Ethiopian counterattack known as the Christmas Offensive.
See also
Army of the Ethiopian Empire
List of Second Italo-Ethiopian War weapons of Ethiopia
Royal Italian Army
List of Italian military equipment in the Second Italo-Ethiopian War
Notes
Footnotes
Citations
References
1935 in Ethiopia
Conflicts in 1935
Battles of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War
Battles involving Ethiopia
Battles involving Italy
December 1935 events | [
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4007744 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashburn%20station%20%28Washington%20Metro%29 | Ashburn station (Washington Metro) | Ashburn is a planned Washington Metro station in Loudoun County, Virginia, United States, on the Silver Line. Originally planned to begin operation in 2018, the station is now planned to open in May 2022. Ashburn will be the western terminus of the line; the current western terminus is Wiehle–Reston East station, which opened with phase one of the Silver Line in July 2014.
In April 2015, the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority approved the Loudoun County Board of Supervisors' name for the stop.
Ashburn station is located at the median of the Dulles Greenway (SR 267) east of Old Ryan Road (SR 772). It will be the furthest station from the Washington city center, and the closest to West Virginia, being only by road from Keyes Gap.
Station layout
The station will have two pedestrian bridges leading to either side of the Dulles Greenway, with bus bays and kiss and ride lots on both sides, as well as 1,650 parking spaces on each side. Bicycle racks are planned for both sides of the highway and five bike lockers are planned for the north entrance.
Construction delays
In April 2009, Dulles Corridor Metrorail Project officials projected that Phase 2 of the Silver Line, including Ashburn Station, would open in 2016.
In April 2015, project officials pushed back the opening date for the station to late 2019, stating that stricter requirements for stormwater management caused much of the delay. Per officials, the line also had to incorporate improvements to the system's automated train controls that were a late addition to the project's first phase.
In August 2019, project officials reported that they expected construction on the second phase of the Silver Line to be done by April 17, 2020, and service to begin for riders by July 16. MWAA stated that service should be able to begin within two weeks of the July 16 projection "unless unexpected problems develop."
In February 2020, project officials projected that station would open in the spring of 2021.
In December 2020, Metro executive vice president of capital delivery Laura Mason projected that the station would open in the fall of 2021, but warned that there is a lot of uncertainly even about that date.
On February 11, 2021, Metro announced that it would need five months to test the Phase 2 extension of the Silver Line after construction was substantially completed by MWAA, extending the previously announced testing timeline of 90 days.
On March 5, 2021, the MWAA announced that substantial completion of the Phase 2 extension should be complete by Labor Day. Metro general manager Paul Wiedefeld said in a statement, “Today’s announcement enables Metro to begin planning and budgeting for the start of service in early 2022.”
On June 29, 2021, MWAA announced that it would not meet its Labor Day deadline for substantial completion of the Phase 2 extension. MWAA said that it expected to publish a new timeline for substantial completion of the project within two weeks.
On September 9, 2021, Andrew Off, Metro’s vice president of the Rail Operations Control Center and Strategic Transformation, told Metro board members that Phase 2 was scheduled for "substantial completion" in November 2021. However, an MWAA spokesperson advised that "[a]t this point we do not have a completion date planned."
References
Silver Line (Washington Metro)
Proposed Washington Metro stations
Transportation in Loudoun County, Virginia
Railway stations scheduled to open in 2022
Railway stations in highway medians | [
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18163366 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%20Corps%20%28Pakistan%29 | X Corps (Pakistan) | The X Corps is a corps of the Pakistan Army, currently assigned in Rawalpindi, Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is one of two corps that are currently active in Kashmir. One of its most important brigades, the 111th Infantry Brigade in Rawalpindi, is assigned Presidential Guard duties along with ceremonial duties for foreign dignitaries arriving in Pakistan.The current commander of this corps is Lt. Gen Sahir Shamshad Mirza.
History
The X Corps was raised in 1974 by Lt. General Aftab Ahmad Khan. Headquartered in Rawalpindi, it is responsible for operations in some areas of Kashmir. Before that, all formations in Kashmir were controlled directly from GHQ.
As an ode to Lt. General Aftab Ahmad Khan, the insignia of the X Corps features a Rising Sun or Aftab (in Urdu) with 10 rays extruding from it.
Serving on the Line of Control
In 1974, as today, the Indian and Pakistani forces face each other across the Line of Control (LoC), and there are often exchanges of fire, and sometime full-scale battles. Since 1974, the formation's primary occupation has been to protect Pakistani interests on the LoC.
Siachen conflict
In 1984, the Pakistan Army was involved in a major skirmish with the Indian Army in the northernmost part of the disputed region of Kashmir. Under the command of Lt Gen Zahid Ali Akbar Khan, the X Corps was put into action on the highest battlefield in the world.
Kargil War
In 1999, under the command of Lt Gen Mahmud Ahmed, the conflict over Kargil saw the corps enter action, in Kargil itself, and all along the LoC. Over several weeks in June 1999, the entire corps was engaged for the first time in its history. During the fighting, Havildar Lalak Jan, a trooper of the corps would earn the Nishan-e-Haider.
Structure
X Corps has following units under its operational control:- 5 infantry divisions, 1 infantry brigade, 1 armoured brigade, 1 artillery brigade, 1 signal brigade and 1 engineering brigade.
List of corps commanders
Note
1.Later promoted to Chief of Army Staff
2.Later promoted to Chief of Joint Staff Committee
References
Further reading
Brain Cloughley, A History of Pakistan Army
Corps of the Pakistan Army
Military units and formations established in 1974 | [
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2382838 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Norfolk | Battle of Norfolk | The Battle of Norfolk was a tank battle fought on February 27, 1991, during the Persian Gulf War, between armored forces of the United States and United Kingdom, and those of the Ba'athist Iraqi Republican Guard in the Muthanna Province of southern Iraq. The primary participants were the U.S. 2nd Armored Division (Forward),1st Infantry Division (Mechanized), and the Iraqi 18th Mechanized and 9th Armoured Brigades of the Republican Guard Tawakalna Mechanized Infantry Division along with elements from eleven other Iraqi divisions. The 2nd Armored Division(Fwd) was assigned to the American 1st Infantry Division as its 3rd maneuver brigade due to the fact that one of its brigades was not deployed. The 2nd Armored Division(Fwd)'s Task Force 1-41 Infantry would be the spearhead of VII Corps. The British 1st Armoured division was responsible for protecting the right flank of VII Corps, their main adversary being the Iraqi 52nd Armored Division and multiple infantry divisions. It was the final battle of the war before the unilateral ceasefire took effect.
The Battle of Norfolk has been recognized by some sources as the second largest tank battle in American history and the largest tank battle of the 1st Gulf War. No fewer than 12 divisions participated in the Battle of Norfolk along with multiple brigades and elements of a regiment. American and British forces destroyed approximately 850 Iraqi tanks and hundreds of other types of combat vehicles. Two additional Republican Guard divisions were destroyed at Objective Dorset by the U.S. 3rd Armored Division on 28 February 1991. During this battle the U.S. 3rd Armored Division destroyed 300 enemy vehicles and captured 2,500 Iraqi soldiers.
Overview
The battle took place about east of and 18 hours after the Battle of Al Busayyah, and several kilometers east of the Battle of 73 Easting, which had ended just two hours earlier. The Battle of Norfolk is named for Objective Norfolk, an area that encompassed the intersection of the IPSA Pipeline Road and several desert trails and a large Iraqi supply depot defended by Iraqi armor. Objective Norfolk was located west of Phase Line Kiwi, east of Phase Line Smash, and north of Phase Line Grape. Phase lines are map references occurring every few kilometers used to measure progress of an offensive operation.
Participants
The U.S. Army's VII Corps was a formidable fighting force. In its inventory were 1,487 tanks, 1,384 infantry fighting vehicles, 568 artillery pieces, 132 MLRS, 8 missile launchers, and 242 attack helicopters. It had a total troop strength of 146,321 troops. The primary forces involved in the battle were the American 1st Infantry Division, the 3rd Brigade of the 2nd Armored Division (Fwd) ('Hell on Wheels') and the Iraqi 18th Mechanized and 9th Armoured Brigades of the Republican Guard Tawakalna Mechanized Infantry Division along with elements from eleven other Iraqi divisions including the Iraqi 26th, 48th, 31st, and 25th Infantry Divisions. The American 1st Infantry Division was quite formidable consisting of 334 M1A1 tanks and 224 M2A2 Bradley fighting vehicles. Task Force 1-41 Infantry of the U.S. 2nd Armored Division (Fwd) would spearhead the U.S. 1st Infantry Division and the rest of VII Corps throughout the war. The U.S. 1st Cavalry Division was also a participant.
The British fielded their 1st Armored Division. The U.S. 3rd Armored Division handled responsibilities at Objective Dorset. At the height of the battle, the 3rd Armored Division included 32 battalions and 20,533 personnel. The 3rd Armored Division was the largest coalition division in the Gulf War and the largest U.S. armored division in history. It equipment included 360 Abrams main battle tanks, 340 Bradley Fighting Vehicles, 128 self-propelled 155 mm howitzers, 27 McDonnell-Douglas AH-64 Apache attack helicopters, 9 multiple-launch rocket systems, and additional equipment.
The Iraqi 52nd Armored Division was also a primary participant. It was a powerful division consisting of 245 tanks and 195 armored fighting vehicles. The Iraqi 10th and 12th Armored Divisions were also present. The Iraqi 10th Armored Division was considered the best regular division in the Iraqi Army. It had more modern equipment than the other regular Iraqi units. It was equipped with T-72 and T-62 tanks. The T-62 tank being its primary system. Overall the primary tank of the Iraqi forces was the T-55 tank. The Iraqis fielded them in great numbers. The Iraqis also had elements of two other independent armored brigades in theatre, those being the 50th and 29th Armored Brigades. The three primary elite Iraqi Republican Guard Divisions Tawakalna, Hammurabi, and the Medina Division had a strength of over 660 tanks, 660 infantry fighting vehicles, and thousands of antitank weapons, self propelled artillery, and other combat systems. The Tawakalna Republican Guard Division was Iraq's most powerful division which included approximately 14,000 soldiers, 220 T-72 tanks, 284 infantry fighting vehicles, 126 artillery pieces, and 18 MLRS.
Counter reconnaissance
Task Force 1-41 Infantry was the first coalition force to breach the Saudi Arabian border on 15 February 1991 and conduct ground combat operations in Iraq engaging in direct and indirect fire fights with the enemy on 17 February 1991. Task Force 1-41 Infantry was a heavy battalion task force from the 2nd Armored Division (Forward). It consisted primarily of the 1st Battalion, 41st Infantry Regiment, 3rd Battalion, 66th Armor Regiment, and the 4th Battalion, 3rd Field Artillery Regiment. Shortly after arrival in theatre Task Force 1-41 Infantry received a counter-reconnaissance mission along with the 1st Squadron, 4th Cavalry Regiment. This joint effort became known as Task Force Iron. Counter-reconnaissance generally includes destroying or repelling the enemy's reconnaissance elements and denying their commander any observation of friendly forces. On 15 February 1991 4th Battalion of the 3rd Field Artillery Regiment fired on a trailer and a few trucks in the Iraqi sector that were observing American forces. On 16 February 1991 several groups of Iraqi vehicles appeared to be performing reconnaissance on the Task Force and were driven away by fire from 4-3 FA. Another enemy platoon, including six vehicles, was reported as being to the northeast of the Task Force. They were engaged with artillery fire from 4-3 FA. Later that evening another group of Iraqi vehicles was spotted moving towards the center of the Task Force. They appeared to be Iraqi Soviet-made BTRs and tanks. For the next hour the Task Force fought several small battles with Iraqi reconnaissance units. TF 1-41 IN fired TOW missiles at the Iraqi formation destroying one tank. The rest of the formation was destroyed or driven away by artillery fire from 4-3 FA. On 17 February 1991 the Task Force took enemy mortar fire, however, the enemy forces managed to escape. Later that evening the Task Force received enemy artillery fire but suffered no casualties. On 18 February Iraqi mortar positions continued to conduct fire missions against the Task Force. The Task Force returned fire on the Iraqi positions with artillery fire from 4-3 FA Battalion and 1st Infantry Division Artillery. During the Iraqi mortar attacks two American soldiers were wounded. Iraqi reconnaissance elements continued to patrol the area between the Task Force and the 1st Cavalry Division. VII Corps air units and artillery conducted combat operations against Iraqi defensive positions.
Breach
The breach was preceded by a heavy artillery barrage, led by VII Corps artillery units to soften up Iraqi VII Corps defenses. Around 300 guns from multiple nations participated in the barrage. Over 14,000 rounds of artillery and over 4,900 MLRS rockets were fired at Iraqi VII Corps forces during these raids. Iraq lost close to 22 artillery battalions during the initial stages of this barrage. This includes the destruction of approximately 396 Iraqi artillery pieces. By the end of these raids Iraqi artillery assets had all but ceased to exist. One Iraqi unit that was totally destroyed during the preparation was the Iraqi 48th Infantry Division Artillery Group. The group's commander stated his unit lost 83 of its 100 guns to the artillery preparation. These raids were supplemented by air attacks by B-52 Stratofortress bombers and Lockheed AC-130 fixed wing gunships. 1st Infantry Division Apache helicopters and B-52 bombers conducted raids against Iraq's 110th Infantry Brigade. The 1st Engineer Battalion and 9th Engineer Battalion marked and proofed assault lanes under direct and indirect enemy fire to secure a foothold in enemy territory and pass the 1st Infantry Division and the British 1st Armored Division forward. 1st Infantry Division Artillery made a significant contribution to the battle. They would fire 11,752 rounds of the 45,641 rounds fired during all artillery missions during the conflict. 1-5 FA would contribute 5,313 rounds. 4-5 FA contributed 4,100 rounds and 4-3 FA would fire 2,339 rounds during all artillery missions during the Gulf War. These three battalions would be the most active of all 28 of the 155mm battalions present in theatre. On 20 February 1991 4-3 FA along with 2-29 FA, C 1-17 FA(MLRS), A 1-158 FA(MLRS), and A 6-27 FA(MLRS) participated in a artillery raid against multiple Iraqi targets. This raid led to the destructions of multiple Iraqi artillery and armor units along with multiple command posts. On 23 February 1991 4-3 FA along with 1-17 FA, 1-142 FA, 2-142 FA, and 1-27 FA participated in another successful artillery raid. This raid led to the destruction of additional Iraqi artillery assets, maneuver, command, and logistics targets. 1st Infantry Division Artillery and AH-64 Apache attack helicopters conducted operations against the Iraqi 26th Infantry Division. B-52 bombers conducted missions against the Iraqi 48th Infantry Division.
On 24 February 1991 the 1st Cavalry Division conducted a couple artillery missions against Iraqi artillery units. One artillery mission struck a series of Iraqi bunkers, reinforced by Iraqi T-55 tanks, in the sector of the Iraqi 25th Infantry Division. The same day the 2nd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division with the 1st Battalion, 5th Cavalry, 1st Battalion, 32nd Armor, and the 1st Battalion, 8th Cavalry destroyed Iraqi bunkers and combat vehicles in the sector of the Iraqi 25th Infantry Division. On 24 February 1991 2nd Brigade, 1st Infantry Division rolled through the breach in the Iraqi defense west of Wadi Al-Batin and also cleared the northeastern sector of the breach site of enemy resistance. Task Force 3-37th Armor breached the Iraqi defense clearing four passage lanes and expanding the gap under direct enemy fire. Also, on 24 February the American 1st Infantry Division along with the 1st Cavalry Division destroyed Iraqi outposts and patrols belonging to the Iraqi 26th Infantry Division. The two divisions also began capturing prisoners. The 1st Infantry Division also cleared a zone between Phase Line Vermont and Phase Line Kansas. Once the 1st Infantry Division's 3rd Battalion, 37th Armor reached the Iraqi rear defensive positions it destroyed an Iraqi D-30 artillery battery and many trucks and bunkers.
Task Force 1-41 Infantry was given the task of breaching Iraq's initial defensive positions along the Iraq-Saudi Arabia border. The 1st Squadron, 4th Armored Cavalry Regiment handled similar responsibilities in its sector of operations. The 1st Infantry Division's 5th Battalion, 16th Infantry also played a significant role clearing the trenches and captured 160 Iraqi soldiers in the process. Once into Iraqi territory Task Force 1-41 Infantry encountered multiple Iraqi defensive positions and bunkers. These defensive positions were occupied by a brigade-sized element. Task Force 1-41 Infantry elements dismounted and prepared to engage the enemy soldiers which occupied these well-prepared and heavily fortified bunkers. The Task Force found itself engaged in six hours of combat in order to clear the extensive bunker complex. The Iraqis engaged the Task Force with small arms fire, RPGs, mortar fire, and what was left of Iraqi artillery assets. A series of battles unfolded which resulted in heavy Iraqi casualties and the Iraqis being removed from their defensive positions with many becoming prisoners of war. Some escaped to be killed or captured by other coalition forces. In the process of clearing the bunkers Task Force 1-41 captured two brigade command posts and the command post of the Iraqi 26th Infantry Division. The Task Force also captured a brigade commander, several battalion commanders, company commanders, and staff officers. As combat operations progressed Task Force 1-41 Infantry engaged at short range multiple dug in enemy tanks in ambush positions. For a few hours, bypassed Iraqi RPG equipped anti-tank teams, T-55 tanks, and dismounted Iraqi infantry fired at passing American vehicles, only to be destroyed by other US tanks and fighting vehicles following the initial forces.
The 1st Infantry Division's Task Force 2-16 Infantry cleared four lanes simultaneously through an enemy fortified trench system while inflicting heavy casualties. Task Force 2-16 continued the attack clearing over 13 miles of entrenched enemy positions resulting in the capture and destruction of numerous enemy vehicles, equipment, personnel and command bunkers.
Battle
For three and a half hours 90,000 artillery rounds were fired on Iraqi defensive positions preceding the major ground assault.
On 22 February and 23 February 1st Infantry Division artillery and 4-3 FA Battalion conducted artillery raids against Iraqi targets.
Early morning on 23 February the 1st Cavalry Division also conducted artillery raids and reconnaissance operations along the border berm.
Also, on 23 February the 210th Field Artillery Brigade conducted fire missions at Iraqi targets across the berm.
On 23 February the 1st Infantry Division conducted Apache helicopter raids against the Iraqi 110th Infantry Brigade.
On 24 February 1991 Task Force 1-41 Infantry was engaged by Iraqi infantry units armed with RPGs. The Iraqi soldiers were either killed or captured. Later that same day 4-3 FA conducted artillery strikes to the north of its position against Iraqi positions. The Iraqis would engage Task Force 1–41 with artillery and mortar fire with little success. That same day the Task Force along with other American units continued clearing Phase Line New Jersey.
Later on 24 February 1991 Task Force 1-41 would have a hand in the destruction of the Iraqi 110th and 434th Infantry Brigades of the Iraqi 26th Infantry Division.
On 25 February 1991 the Task Force would engage and destroy the Iraqi Jihad Corps, which consisted of the 10th and 12th Armored Divisions, in direct combat.
On 26 February 1991 Task Force 1-41 Infantry, led by 3-66 Armor Battalion, would engage and destroy an Iraqi T-55 tank battalion.
The Battle of Norfolk was in a sense a continuation of the fighting that began with the Battle of 73 Easting. It took place under rainy and foggy weather conditions. It began at 0030 on 27 February 1991. During the early stages 1st Infantry Division Artillery, including 4-3 FA battalion, was decisive during combat operations performing multiple raids and fire missions. These combat operations resulted in the destruction of 50 enemy tanks, 139 APCs, 30 air defense systems, 152 artillery pieces, 27 missile launchers, 108 mortars, and 548 wheeled vehicles, 61 trench lines and bunker positions, 92 dug in and open infantry targets, and 34 logistical sites. Two American Bradley Infantry Fighting Vehicles were destroyed by the Iraqi Republican Guard 18th Mechanized Brigade while conducting forward reconnaissance. American artillery and MLRS units continued to conduct fire missions against Iraqi targets a dozen miles to the east. With air support from the 2nd Battalion, 1st Aviation's attack helicopters and fire support from both the 4th Battalion of the 3rd Field Artillery Regiment and the rest of 1st Infantry Division artillery preventing Iraqi artillery from interfering, the U.S. 1st Infantry Division conducted a passage of the 2nd ACR's lines.
The two attacking brigades of the U.S. 1st Infantry Division, including the 3rd Brigade of the 2nd Armored Division (Fwd), were positioned along the 75 Easting, 2,000 meters east of 73 Easting. The Brigades clashed with the Iraqi Tawakalna Division of the Republican Guard, including the 37th Brigade of the 12th Iraqi Armored Division. The 1st Infantry Division's two lead Brigades also clashed with the Iraqi 9th Armored Brigade and 18th Mechanized Brigade in the early stages of the battle. 1st Battalion, 1st Aviation's attack helicopters also participated in these initial battles. Elements of the Iraqi 12th Armored Division were destroyed during this engagement by Task Force 1-41 Infantry. This was a slow moving division that was significantly outmatched by U.S. and British forces. Some 40 Iraqi tanks were destroyed and a similar number of other combat vehicles.
A reconnaissance party from 4-3 FA mistakenly moved well forward of the other Task Force 1-41 Infantry units. Task Force 3-66 Armor was given the assignment of looking for the lost reconnaissance party. As Task Force 3-66 Armor approached the reconnaissance party, enemy infantry foolishly took it under fire from fighting positions near the disoriented 4-3 FA recon party. TF 3-66 M1A1 Abrams tanks and Bradley infantry fighting vehicles fought back with only machine guns rather than cannons to reduce the danger of hitting TF 1-41 IN, which stood just beyond the enemy. TF 3-66 AR machine gun fire drove the enemy right into TF 1-41 IN with Hillman's troops capturing all of the enemy soldiers. TF 3-66 AR recovered the members of the lost reconnaissance party unharmed.
On 27 February 1991 Task Force 1-41 Infantry destroyed an Iraqi T-55 tank battalion that ambushed the Task Force. The Iraqi tank unit managed to destroy a Bradley Fighting Vehicle and killed three soldiers belonging to the Task Force. That same day Task Force 1-41 destroyed an Iraqi RPG team, machine gun nest, and a bunker.
On 27 February 1991 Task Force 1-41 destroyed another Iraqi tank unit at great range at Objective Denver. The 2nd Armored Division (Forward) destroyed 60 Iraqi tanks and 35 AFVs along the Iraq Pipeline to Saudi Arabia (IPSA). Task Force 1-41 and other 2nd Armored Division(Fwd) units would successfully secure the Iraq Pipeline to Saudi Arabia and capture a massive Iraqi logistics installation in the process. The Task Force and the 1st Infantry Division also cleared an extensive bunker complex which housed RPG equipped Iraqi infantry.
In the thick of the fog of war, U.S. units became mixed with Iraqi units dispersed throughout the desert. This confusion led to some friendly fire incidents. Task Force 1-41 Infantry was involved in the worst US "friendly fire" incident of the Gulf War on 27 February 1991.
The 2nd Armored Division(Fwd) continued to fight a series of short, sharp battles with Iraqi tank platoons as it moved across the Wadi Al-Batin into Kuwait. On 27 February 1991 an Iraqi tank unit attacked 4-3 FA. The Iraqi tank unit was destroyed by a Task Force 1-41 tank platoon that was assigned to protect 4-3 FA.
Task Force 1-41 captured almost an entire Iraqi tank battalion on 27 February 1991.
The 1st Engineer Battalion was a key participant in the subsequent destruction of one and the rout of two Iraqi Republican Guard Divisions. Elements of the battalion destroyed 58 Iraqi tanks, 41 anti-aircraft artillery pieces, and other large quantities of ammunition and war material.
The 1st Infantry Division's Task Force 2nd Battalion, 16th Infantry destroyed elements of the Iraqi 48th Infantry Division. The 1st Infantry Division's Task Force 2nd Battalion, 34th Armor destroyed the 9th Armored Brigade of the Tawakalna Division of the Republican Guard.
The 1st Squadron, 4th Armored Cavalry Regiment led the 1st Infantry Division's attack across Iraq and Kuwait, cutting the Iraqi army's escape route along the Kuwait City/Basra Highway. The Squadron continued its rapid advance, culminating with the capture of the Safwan Airfield, Iraq. The 1st Squadron, 4th Armored Cavalry Regiment destroyed 65 tanks, 66 Armored Personnel Carriers, 66 trucks, 91 bunkers, and captured 3,010 enemy soldiers.
As part of the 1st Infantry Division, Task Force 3-37 Armor attacked 186 miles across southern Iraq into northern Kuwait,
severing Iraqi lines of communication, and then drove north into Iraq to assist in the seizure of the City of Safwan,
Iraq, and the securing of the Safwan Airfield for the Coalition Forces-Iraqi Cease-Fire negotiations.
During the operation, over 50 enemy combat vehicles were destroyed and over 1,700 Iraqi soldiers were captured.
During the battle, the 4th Battalion, 37th Armor, 2nd Brigade, 1st Infantry Division engaged elements of five Iraqi Divisions, destroyed numerous combat vehicles and captured over 450 enemy soldiers, ensuring an unprecedented victory for Coalition Forces.
By dawn, the U.S. 1st Infantry Division controlled Objective Norfolk and the Tawakalna Mechanized Infantry Division had ceased to exist as a fighting force. A total of eight Iraqi divisions were destroyed. Task Force 1-41 Infantry had around a dozen combat vehicles destroyed, including multiple M1A1 Abrams tanks, during combat operations. The 2nd Armored Division(Fwd) and the 1st Infantry Division destroyed 550 Iraqi tanks and 480 other armored vehicles during combat operations. Approximately 11,500 Iraqi soldiers surrendered to the 1st Infantry Division by the end of combat operations. The 2nd Armored Division(Fwd) suffered 5 M1A1 Abrams tanks destroyed during combat operations. It also suffered the loss of 5 Bradley Infantry Fighting Vehicles. The 1st Infantry Division, including the 2nd Armored Division(Fwd), suffered 21 soldiers killed in action and another 67 soldiers wounded in action by the end of combat operations.
British contribution
The British 1st Armoured Division was responsible for protecting the right flank of VII Corps. It was assumed by the Corps' planners the Iraqi 52nd Armored Division would counterattack VII Corps once their penetration into Iraqi defenses was discovered. The British 1st Armoured Division had two brigades (the 4th and 7th) which participated in Operation Granby, the name given to the British military operations during the 1991 Gulf War.
The 1st Armoured was equipped with the Challenger 1 main battle tank. The British 1st Armoured Division fielded approximately 176 Challenger 1 tanks. With a 120mm rifled main gun, thermal optics, and state of the art Chobham armor, its only rival in-theatre was the American M1A1 Abrams tank. British infantry rode into battle on the Warrior tracked armoured vehicle. It had reasonable armour protection and a 30mm gun. Modified versions of the vehicle included mortar carriers, MILAN antitank systems, and command and control vehicles; and the British possessed a variety of excellent light armoured vehicles built on their FV101 Scorpion chassis. British artillery was primarily American made M109 howitzers (155mm), M110 howitzers (203mm), and M270 MLRS which were compatible with American systems. Their air support consisted of Gazelle helicopters, used for reconnaissance, and the Lynx helicopter which was comparable to the American AH-1 Cobra. The British had their full contingent of engineer, logistics, and medical units.
This small but powerful division was commanded by 47-year-old Maj. General Rupert Smith. He was a member of the British Parachute Regiment and an expert on Soviet armour and tank tactics. The 4th Brigade was reinforced with extra engineers and artillery. The 4th Brigade was used for breakout operations and to clear the ground at the breach. The armour-heavy 7th Brigade was used for tank on tank engagements.
On 25 February 1991 the 1st Armoured Division broke into the western flank of the Iraqi 48th Infantry Division which was commanded by Brigadier General Saheb Mohammed Alaw. That night the 48th Infantry Division was destroyed and General Alaw was captured by the British. That same night the British cleared two lines of enemy positions during close combat engagements. The British also destroyed several Iraqi companies of T-55 tanks. That same night other elements of the division were engaging the Iraqi 31st Infantry Division.
On 26 February 1991 British artillery units unleashed an hour-long artillery strike on Iraqi positions. It was the greatest British artillery display since World War II. That same night the British 7th Brigade fought a night tank battle against an Iraqi tank battalion from the Iraqi 52nd Armored Division. After ninety minutes of battle over 50 Iraqi tanks and armoured personnel carriers were destroyed. That same night the British 4th Brigade destroyed a headquarters and artillery site belonging to the 807th Brigade of the Iraqi 48th Infantry Division. British infantry units cleared Iraqi defensive positions which were occupied by the Iraqi 803rd Infantry Brigade.
After 48 hours of combat the British 1st Armoured Division destroyed or isolated four Iraqi infantry divisions (the 26th, 48th, 31st, and 25th) and overran the Iraqi 52nd Armored Division in several sharp engagements. The Iraqi 80th Armored Brigade would also fall victim to the British 1st Armoured Division. For several hours the 4th Brigade was involved in a battle against a battalion of dug in Iraqi soldiers and T-55 tanks.
A Challenger 1 tank achieved the second longest range confirmed tank kill of the war, destroying an Iraqi tank with an armour-piercing fin-stabilised discarding-sabot (APFSDS) round fired over a distance of —the longest tank-on-tank kill shot recorded. The longest tank kill recorded was achieved by a Challenger 1 from the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards at a range of .
The British 7th Brigade cleared Objective Platinum destroying at least six additional T-55 tanks in dug in positions and a bunker using Milan missiles.
The 4th Brigade seized Objective Steel defeating the Iraqi 103rd Brigade, 25th Infantry Division in the process. As the British 4th Brigade advanced they destroyed additional Iraqi guns and fighting positions. The British lost two Warrior combat vehicles to friendly fire in the process.
British ground forces had defeated Iraqi forces during combat engagements at Objectives Copper, Zinc, Bronze, and Steel. During combat operations at Objective Zinc the British captured 30 enemy tanks, destroyed 16 IFVs, and captured 1,850 Iraqi soldiers.
British forces destroyed a communications site and two artillery positions en route to Objective Bronze. British forces also destroyed 12 Iraqi tanks, 11 guns, and 20 light armor and thin skin vehicles while clearing Objective Bronze. Elements of several Iraqi infantry brigades would also be destroyed at Objective Bronze.
The British 4th Brigade destroyed an entire tank battle group which included 25 main battle tanks at Objective Copper South. The 4th Brigade also cleared Copper South of Iraqi soldiers, IFVs, artillery, logistics support vehicles, and captured two division commanders.
The British 26 Field Artillery Regiment conducted fire missions against a tank heavy unit at Objective Brass. This included the destruction of 48 tanks, APCs, and 25 MTLBs all hidden in fighting positions. An artillery position was also present and destroyed. The entire enemy position was destroyed and British infantry cleared the trench lines of Iraqi soldiers.
British forces destroyed another 25 tanks and 20 APCs at position Brass 3.
While taking Objective Platinum 2 the British destroyed an Iraqi tank company in the process.
Later in the day the 1st Battalion, Staffordshire Regiment, 7th Brigade engaged Iraqi forces at Objective Lead. The 1st Battalion, Staffordshire Regiment destroyed over 40 Iraqi tanks and numerous other combat systems. The British forces also captured over 800 Iraqi soldiers including the Iraqi 52nd Armored Division commander while destroying additional Iraqi infantry units.
The British also destroyed several companies of Iraqi T-55 tanks and MT-LBs at the Iraqi 52nd Armored Division's headquarters.
In the process of moving to Phase Line Smash the British forces took artillery and anti tank fire from Iraqi forces. The Iraqis failed to inflict any casualties on the British forces.
On 27 February 1991 a joint British and American artillery fire mission destroyed what was left of Iraqi artillery and infantry forces at Objective Tungsten. Approximately 70 Iraqi artillery pieces were destroyed.
The British also took Objective Waterloo. In the process the British destroyed approximately five Iraqi divisions in 48 hours of combat.
The British 1st Armoured Division secured the final objectives on the Basra Highway north of Multa Ridge.
In the final operation the British 7th Brigade took Objective Cobalt while the 4th Brigade halted farther west.
The British 1st Armoured Division had traveled 217 miles in 97 hours. The British 1st Armored Division had captured or destroyed about 300 tanks and a very large number of armored personnel carriers, trucks, reconnaissance vehicles, etc. The Desert Rats also destroyed multiple Iraqi artillery positions. The division also took over 7,000 Iraqi prisoners of war including two division commanders and two other general officers. British forces did not lose a single Challenger 1 tank during combat operations. The British suffered 15 soldiers killed and another 43 soldiers wounded during combat operations. The British also lost 2 British Warrior APCs in a friendly fire incident.
Objective Dorset
On 26 February the U.S. 3rd Armored Division was tasked with clearing Objective Dorset which was well defended by Iraqi forces. The 3rd Armored Division, along with the U.S. 1st Armored Division, already was responsible for the destruction of 76 Iraqi tanks and 84 infantry fighting vehicles during the Battle of 73 Easting. The Iraqi Tawakalna Republican Guard division had a significant presence at Objective Dorset. The 50th Armored Brigade was the first unit the 3rd Armored Division encountered during the operation. The Iraqi defenses in this sector also consisted of three mechanized battalions from the 29th Armored Brigade and two armored and one mechanized battalion from the 9th Armored Brigade. The 46th Mechanized Brigade of the 12th Armored Division was also present. A T-62 tank battalion from the 10th Armored Division was also attached to the Tawakalna Republican Guard Division. This added up to approximately eight Iraqi heavy battalions occupying Objective Dorset. In the space of only 270 square kilometers the Iraqis massed over 122 tanks, 78 BMPs, and hundreds of other combat vehicles and fighting systems. All would fall victim to the 3rd Armored Division. On 26 February 3rd Armored Division Artillery conducted fire missions against Iraqi targets including trucks, a mortar position, and a series of bunker complexes. An Iraqi artillery position was also destroyed.
Initially thousands of Iraqi infantrymen engaged the U.S. 3rd Armored Division with Sagger antitank missiles and RPGs from dug in defensive fighting positions. The Iraqi defensive network also consisted of bunkers and dug in vehicles. The Iraqis also had the support of a dozen field artillery batteries directly behind the rear of the Tawakalna Republican Guard Division. There were no soft or exposed Iraqi flanks to exploit. The 3rd Armored Division overcame these Iraqi defensive positions utilizing superior command and control along with well coordinated combined arms tactics. On 27 February 3rd Armored Division Artillery conducted 42 fire missions, and fired 827 rounds at Iraqi targets. In total 3rd Armored Division Artillery fired 2,854 rounds and its MLRS units fired 555 rockets during combat operations. U.S. A-10 attack aircraft and Apache helicopters also conducted operations against Iraqi targets.
By late 27 February the U.S. 3rd Armored Division cleared Objective Dorset after meeting stiff resistance and destroying more than 300 enemy vehicles. The 3rd Brigade, 3rd Armored Division also captured 2,500 enemy prisoners. The 3rd Brigade, 3rd Armored Division actions contributed greatly to the destruction of two Iraqi Republican Guard Divisions. In 24 hours of nearly continuous combat, the Brigade destroyed or captured 547 vehicles, including 102 tanks, 81 armored personnel carriers, 34 artillery pieces, 15 AAA guns and captured hundreds of tons of supplies and 528 prisoners of war. The 3rd Armored Division had three M1A1 Abrams tanks damaged during combat operations. The 3rd Armored Division suffered 15 soldiers killed between December 1990 and late February 1991. Approximately 7 of the soldiers were killed in action and another 27 soldiers from the division were wounded in action during combat operations.
Aftermath
By the end of combat operations on 28 February 1991, VII Corps had driven 260 kilometers, captured 22,000 Iraqi soldiers, and destroyed 1,350 Iraqi tanks, 1,224 armored personnel carriers, 285 artillery pieces, 105 air defense systems, and 1,229 trucks.
The U.S. Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II ground attack aircraft would distinguish itself during the Gulf War. It wreaked havoc on Iraqi ground forces. U.S. A-10 "Warthog" crews would destroy 900 Iraqi tanks, 2,000 other military vehicles and 1,200 artillery pieces during combat operations.
VII Corps suffered 62 killed and 235 wounded. It also suffered 23 M1A1 tanks destroyed or damaged, 14 Bradley Fighting Vehicles were destroyed and 9 damaged, 2 helicopters were destroyed and 3 damaged, and 9 other vehicles of various types were destroyed or damaged during combat operations.
Historical significance
Some sources list the Battle of Norfolk as the second largest tank battle in American history behind the Battle of the Bulge. There are other sources that list it as the second or even the third largest tank battle of the Gulf War behind the Battle of Medina Ridge and the Battle of 73 Easting.
See also
Persian Gulf War
Battle of 73 Easting
Task Force 1-41
M1 Abrams
History of the M1 Abrams
Republican Guard (Iraq)
Battle of Medina Ridge
2nd Armored Division (United States)
Bradley Fighting Vehicle
M109 howitzer
M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System
BMP development
Infantry fighting vehicle
MT-LB
Notes
References
Desert Storm/Shield Valorous Unit Award (VUA) Citations
https://web.archive.org/web/20161221005030/http://www.2cr.army.mil/info/history/2SCR%20history%2020%20Jan%202011.pdf
Desert Rats:The British 4 and 7 Armoured Brigades, WW2 to Today by Hans Halberstadt
Challenger Squadron by Simon Dunstan
The First Infantry Division and the U.S. Army Transformed: Road to Victory in Desert Storm, 1970-1991 by Gregory Fontenot
Desert Redleg: Artillery Warfare in the First Gulf War by Col. L. Scott Lingamfelter
Burton, James G. The Pentagon Wars: Reformers Challenge the Old Guard, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1993. .
Bibliography
Crusade: The Untold Story of the Persian Gulf War, by Rick Atkinson, Houghton Mifflin, 1993.
1991 in Iraq
Norfolk
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February 1991 events in Asia
Norfolk | [
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1929568 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponche%20crema | Ponche crema | Ponche crema is a cream-based liqueur that originates in Venezuela and was brought to nearby Trinidad and Tobago who developed their own version, Ponche de Crème. Recipes vary depending on the region, but main ingredients typically include milk, eggs, sugar, rum, and other minor ingredients such as vanilla, nutmeg, cinnamon, and lemon rind. A variant type is prepared with concentrated liquid coffee or instant coffee powder. However, most references to the ponche crema name aim at a traditional commercial product, available since 1900, whose recipe and manufacturing process are kept secret. Ponche crema is a beverage traditionally served during Christmas time, much as eggnog is in the United States. It is usually served cold, in small cups, either as an aperitif or a pousse-café.
The origin of the recipe for this commercial product could not be determined.
External links
"Ponche Crema" brand website
Allrecipes' Ponche Crema Procedure
Cream liqueurs
Venezuelan cuisine
Venezuelan alcoholic drinks
Christmas food | [
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18683996 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field%20hockey%20at%20the%202008%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20tournament | Field hockey at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament | The women's field hockey tournament at the 2008 Summer Olympics was the 8th edition of the field hockey event for women at the Summer Olympic Games. It was held over a thirteen-day period beginning on 10 August, and culminating with the medal finals on 22 August. All games were played at the hockey field constructed on the Olympic Green in Beijing, China.
The Netherlands won the gold medal for the second time after defeating China 2–0 in the final. Argentina won the bronze medal by defeating defending champions Germany 3–1.
Competition format
The twelve teams in the tournament were divided into two pools of six, with each team initially playing round-robin games within their pool. Following the completion of the round-robin, the top two teams from each pool advance to the semifinals. All other teams play classification matches to determine the final tournament rankings. The two semi-final winners meet for the gold medal match, while the semi-final losers play in the bronze medal match.
Qualification
Each of the continental champions from five federations and host received an automatic berth. The European federation received two extra quotas, while Oceanian received one extra quota, based upon the FIH World Rankings at the completion of the 2006 World Cup. In addition to the three teams qualifying through the Olympic Qualifying Tournaments, the following twelve teams, shown with final pre-tournament rankings, competed in this tournament.
– China qualified both as host and continental champion, therefore that quota was given to the Asian federation allowing Japan to qualify directly to the 2008 Summer Olympics as the second-placed team at the 2006 Asian Games .
Umpires
Fifteen umpires for the women's event were appointed by the FIH. During each match, a video umpire was used to assist the on-field umpires in determining if a goal had been legally scored.
Squads
Results
All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)
First round
Pool A
Pool B
Fifth to twelfth place classification
Eleventh and twelfth place
Ninth and tenth place
Seventh and eighth place
Fifth and sixth place
Medal round
Semi-finals
Bronze medal match
Gold medal match
Statistics
Final ranking
Goalscorers
11 goals
Maartje Paumen
5 goals
Alejandra Gulla
Fu Baorong
Lee Seon-ok
4 goals
Carla Rebecchi
Casey Eastham
Tang Chunling
Angie Loy
3 goals
Nikki Hudson
Angela Lambert
Sarah Young
Li Hongxia
Crista Cullen
Anke Kühn
Fanny Rinne
Keli Smith
2 goals
Claudia Burkart
Soledad García
Mariné Russo
Shelly Liddelow
Gao Lihua
Janine Beermann
Eileen Hoffmann
Natascha Keller
Marion Rodewald
Keiko Miura
Gim Sung-hee
Park Jeong-sook
Park Mi-hyun
Marilyn Agliotti
Ellen Hoog
Gemma Flynn
Vida Ryan
1 goal
Luciana Aymar
Noel Barrionuevo
Rosario Luchetti
Madonna Blyth
Emily Halliday
Hope Munro
Megan Rivers
Ma Yibo
Song Qingling
Zhao Yudiao
Melanie Clewlow
Alex Danson
Anne Panter
Sarah Thomas
Katharina Scholz
Kaori Chiba
Rika Komazawa
Sakae Morimoto
Toshie Tsukui
Kim Da-rae
Kim Eun-sil
Kim Jong-eun
Kim Mi-sun
Minke Booij
Wieke Dijkstra
Maartje Goderie
Eefke Mulder
Janneke Schopman
Naomi van As
Jaimee Claxton
Krystal Forgesson
Jo Galletly
Lizzy Igasan
Niniwa Roberts
Cindy Brown
Kate Hector
Marsha Marescia
Jennifer Wilson
Núria Camón
Raquel Huertas
Silvia Muñoz
María Romagosa
Pilar Sánchez
Esther Termens
Rocío Ybarra
Kate Barber
Kayla Bashore
Dana Sensenig
Tiffany Snow
References
External links
Official FIH website
Women's tournament
2008
Summer Olympics
2008 Summer Olympics
Field hockey | [
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29764995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Thomas%20%28saint%29 | Peter Thomas (saint) | Peter Thomas (1305–1366) (also known as Petrus de Thomas) was a Carmelite friar and is recognized as a saint by the Catholic Church. He was a Master of Theology and a noted preacher. Thomas was entrusted with a number of diplomatic missions by the Holy See.
Life
Peter Thomas was born around the year 1305 to a very poor family in Périgord. His father was a serf. At the age of twelve, he left his parents and his younger sister to ease the burdens on his family and went to the nearby small town of Monpazier. He attended school for about three years, living on alms and teaching younger pupils. He led the same type of life at Agen, studying at the College of the Carmelites until the age of twenty, when he returned to Monpazier briefly, before going to Lectoure.
Carmelite friar
In 1325 the prior of the Carmelite convent of Lectoure employed Thomas as a teacher for a year in that school. He entered the Carmelite Order at the age of twenty-one and made his profession of religious vows at Bergerac where he taught for two years. He studied philosophy at Agen, where he was ordained a priest three years later. For the next few years, he continued his studies, while also teaching in Bordeaux, Albi, and again in Agen. This was followed by three years of study in Paris. He was preaching in Cahors, during a procession held to in hopes of an end to a serious drought, when rain began to fall. This was viewed by many as miraculous.
He was the Order's Procurator General and an official preacher at the Papal Court of Pope Clement VI at Avignon where he then assisted the Master of Theology as head of the curia department dealing with doctrinal matters submitted to the pope.
Diplomat
In October 1353, Pope Innocent VI appointed legate to regularizing relations between the rival republics of Venice and Genoa. The parties failed to find any ground of agreement and the attempt at mediation was not successful. In 1348, he was sent to the Kingdom of Naples in order to negotiate an agreement concerning the appointment of the tutor of the two daughters of the late Charles of Durazzo. His widow (Marie d'Anjou) and the King of Naples had one candidate, and the paternal grandmother of the children had another. Although she was the sister of Cardinal Hélie Talleyrand, the King prevailed.
Bishop
In 1354 he was made bishop of Patti and Lipari and In 1354-1358, Peter Thomas, promoted bishop of Patti and Lipari7, was sent to Serbia with the main objectives of putting an end to the vexatious measures against the Catholics of Serbia and evaluating the intentions of Stefan Dusan concerning his desire to unify the Orthodox Church of Serbia with the Roman Catholic Church. Dusan's goal was in fact to find political support in order to set out, under the cover of defense of the Catholic faith, to conquer Byzantium and its Empire.
In view of the complex geopolitical situation and the lack of honesty of the ruler of Serbia, this mission of Peter Thomas did not succeed, in spite of his efforts.
In the spring of 1356, Thomas, with the Dominican Guglielmo Conti, bishop of Sizebolu, went to Venice and met with Louis I of Hungary to arrange a peace treaty between Venice and Hungary over Dalmatia, but despite his efforts, the negotiations became bogged down and no peace treaty was signed. In April 1357, Thomas went as papal legate to Constantinople, to receive the submission of the Emperor of Byzantium to the Roman Catholic Church in exchange for military support of the West to block the expansion of the Ottoman Empire. But the military supports promised in the exchanges does not materialize. In 1358, Peter Thomas went on a private pilgrimage to the Holy Land.
In 1359, Pope Innocent VI appointed Peter Thomas Universal Legate for the East. In the summer of 1359, Bishop Thomas left for Smyrna accompanied by a fleet supplied by the Venetians and the Hospitallers of Rhodes. He strengthened the city's defenses, paid the soldiers, ensured the supply of the city and the appointment of a new governor. He also went to Constantinople and took part in the battles of Lampsach. Philippe de Mezières wrote: "Physically involved in the battle, Pierre Thomas stimulated the troops: it was necessary to avoid a stampede [in front of the janissaries]. The bishop gave of himself, he encouraged, he struck, sword in fist ". Between defeats and victories, Pierre Thomas was "tireless, leading the troops into battle by his example and his exhortations, sometimes in Smyrna, sometimes in Rhodes, sometimes in Constantinople, sometimes in Cyprus, sometimes in the island of Crete, and sometimes in Turkey with a few galleys".
At Christmas 1359, Thomas was in Rhodes and sick with a long illness but had recovered sufficiently by Easter to crown Peter I of Cyprus titular "King of Jerusalem". The ceremony took place in Famagusta on April 5, 1360. At the end of 1361 he was in Cyprus8 at the time of a great plague epidemic and organized masses, prayers, and processions in Nicosia and then in Famagusta to stop the plague.
Crusade of Alexandria
In October 1362, Peter Thomas, Peter I of Cyprus and chancellor Philippe de Mezières left Paphos to seek financial, logistical and military support in Europe for a crusade to deliver the holy places and re-establish the kingdom of Jerusalem. They stopped in Avignon where Pierre Thomas explained his Crusade project to Urban V, whose official approval he obtained on 31 March 1363. Thomas was appointed Archbishop of Crete.
It was agreed that Venice would be the rallying point and Urban V asked Peter Thomas to go to Venice and stay there while waiting for the King of Cyprus to return from his tour of the Royal Courts of Europe. Peter I of Cyprus6 joined him only on November 1364 without having obtained important financial results or pledges of manpower. The King discouraged, however, Thomas and Mezières managed to persuade him to proceed. In the meantime, Thomas was sent to work out a peace treaty between Milan and Bologna. Then war broke out between Cyprus and Genoa, and Urban V sent him to negotiate terms there as well. In 1364 Thomas became the Latin Patriarch of Constantinople.
Finally, in June 1365, they set sail with their troops described as follows: "the reduced image of what was then the Western Chivalry. A few Englishmen and Scotsmen ...A few Teutonic knights: very few Italians... Mostly French." The troops at their disposal were weak, but Pierre Thomas and his companions hoped that reinforcements would be sent to them, in the event of a first striking victory. The fleet rendezvoused at Rhodes in mid-July with the fleet of the Hospitallers of Rhodes as well as the fleet from Cyprus.
On 9 October 1365, the galleys and ships of Peter I of Cyprus disembarked in the port of Alexandria. It was captured quickly and the crusaders were in the city the next day. Once in the city, the Christians ransacked the city, looted it, partially burned it and massacred its population. On October 11, 1365, the city was taken. But this victory was short-lived because the crusader soldiers, motivated by the lure of gain, were seized with fear at the idea that the Saracens would come to the rescue of the besieged city, which they soon did. After consultation and against the advice of Peter I of Cyprus and Peter Thomas who urged them to hold out, the Crusaders with their rich booty, re-embarked for Cyprus on 16 October 1365.
Death and burial
Pierre Thomas, as Latin Patriarch of Constantinople and Legate of the Crusade, planned go to Avignon to make his report and ask for support and means to resume the Crusade. He went to Famagusta to organize his trip. Around Christmas 1365, Thomas fell seriously ill7. The cause of his death is not certain because two versions are circulating. The first is that Pierre Thomas caught a cold during the celebrations of the Nativity by living too austerely and without taking into account the rigors of winter, which caused a fever that led to his death11. The second hypothesis is that Thomas had been was injured during the capture of Alexandria and that his death followed his wound. He died during the night of January 6-7, 1366 at Famagusta and buried in the choir of the church of the Carmelites.
Veneration
Considered a saint during his lifetime by the people of Cyprus because he was known for his preaching, his virtuous and ascetic life and the fact that miracles were attributed to him already during his lifetime, the ecclesiastical process was initiated in Famagusta by the bishop Simon of Laodicea, on April 14, 1366. Peter I of Cyprus asked Pope Urban V to initiate a canonization procedure and also that the transfer of the body of Peter Thomas outside the island of Cyprus be forbidden before a period of ten years. This decision, dated May 21, 1368, would be widely exceeded because the body of the saint would never be transferred outside the island. The last wish of Pierre Thomas to bring his mortal remains back to Bergerac, was therefore never respected.
No trace of Peter Thomas remains: the conquest of Cyprus by the Turks in 1571 and the earthquake of 1735 erased all memory of him on the island. In Salles-de-Belvès (France), the small chapel erected on the presumed site of the saint's birthplace was destroyed during the French Revolution. A relic of St. Peter Thomas may have been in the cathedral of Cahors for a time. Before his death, Peter Thomas gave a relic of the Holy Cross to Philippe de Mézières, who, donated it to the Scuola Grande of the church of San Giovanni Evangelista in Venice. This relic is currently kept in the church of San Giovanni Evangelista in Venice. This relic, in addition to its status as a primary relic of the Passion of Christ, can be considered a secondary relic of Peter Thomas because it belonged to and was therefore touched by St. Peter Thomas himself.
The cult of Peter Thomas was confirmed by Pope Paul V and in 1628, Urban VIII ratified his cult among the Carmelites for the dioceses of Sarlat and Périgueux. Saint Peter Thomas is currently celebrated on January 6 in the Catholic Church, but on January 8 in the Carmelite Order (as an optional memorial for the DIscalced Carmelites and as a Feast for the Ancient Order of Carmel) and in the diocese of Périgueux.
Saint Peter Thomas is depicted in an altarpiece painted by Francisco de Zurbarán for the College of San Alberto, Seville, which is currently held by the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
Sources
There are two biographies written about Peter Thomas: one by Philippe de Mézières (d. 1405), chancellor of King Peter I of Cyprus and the other by the Franciscan John Carmesson, minister of the province of the Holy Land, who had delivered the funeral eulogy.
References
1305 births
1366 deaths
Carmelites
Carmelite bishops
Carmelite saints
Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople
Latin Archbishops of Crete
Medieval French saints
Christians of the Alexandrine Crusade
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8706341 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Robertson%2C%201st%20Baron%20Robertson%20of%20Oakridge | Brian Robertson, 1st Baron Robertson of Oakridge | Brian Hubert Robertson, 1st Baron Robertson of Oakridge, (22 July 1896 – 29 April 1974) was a senior British Army officer during the Second World War, who played an important role in the East African, North African and Italian Campaigns. After the war he was the Deputy Military Governor of Germany from 1945 to 1948, and then the Military Governor from 1948 to 1949.
The son of Field Marshal Sir William Robertson, he was educated at Charterhouse and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Engineers in November 1914, and served on the Western Front and Italian Front during the First World War. He was awarded a Military Cross in 1918 and the Distinguished Service Order in 1919. After the war he served with the Bengal Sappers and Miners from 1920 to 1925 and took part in the Waziristan expedition of 1923 to 1924. Following his father's death in February 1933, he succeeded him in his baronetcy. He retired from the Army in early 1934 to become the managing director of Dunlop Rubber in South Africa.
With the outbreak of the Second World War, Robertson re-entered military service in 1940 as a lieutenant-colonel in the South African Army. He served in East and North Africa, and Italy until the end of the war, notably as Harold Alexander's Chief Administrative Officer in Italy. He was promoted to brigadier by 1942 with the temporary rank of major-general from 1944 to 1945. Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery considered Robertson the best chief of administration in the British Army.
Robertson was restored to the Active List in October 1945 as a substantive major-general, becoming a lieutenant-general in 1946 and full general in 1947. He was Commander-in-Chief of Middle East Land Forces from 1950 to 1953, when he retired from military service for the second time to become Chairman of the British Transport Commission, a post he held until 1961. That year he was raised to the peerage as Baron Robertson of Oakridge, of Oakridge in the County of Gloucester.
Early life
Brian Hubert Robertson was born in Simla, India, on 22 July 1896, the son of William Robertson, a captain in the British Army, and his wife Mildred Adelaide (née Palin), the second daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Thomas Palin, an officer in the Bombay Staff Corps. Charles Palin would rise to become a lieutenant-general; William Robertson, would become the first man to rise from private to field marshal, and become Chief of the Imperial General Staff, the highest position in the army. Brian had three younger siblings: his sisters Rosamund, born in 1901, and Helen, born in 1905, and a younger brother, John, who was born in 1909. An older brother, Hubert, died in infancy. Like most military families, they moved frequently as his father was posted on various assignments.
Robertson was educated at Tanllwyfan, a prep school in Wales. In 1908, he transferred to Pinewood School, which was then in Hampshire, and was a feeder school for Winchester College. Given the family's financial situation, Robertson's only chance of attending Winchester was to win a scholarship. This he failed to do; but he secured a £39 per annum scholarship to Charterhouse in 1910. The scholarship was good only until he turned sixteen, but in 1912 he was awarded a senior scholarship, and moved on to the Army Division of the sixth form, to study for the entrance examination for the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, the British Army's academy for engineers and gunners. His father believed that this would prove a better military education than the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, which trained officers for the infantry and cavalry, in an Army and a century dominated by technological change. At Charterhouse he joined the Rifle Corps, a school cadet unit that provided some military training. He passed the Woolwich entrance examination in 1913, ranked tenth.
Great War
The outbreak of the Great War in August 1914 caused the course at Woolwich to be truncated, and Robertson, who graduated fourth in his class, was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Engineers on 17 November 1914. On 29 November he reported to the School of Military Engineering at Chatham for a two-month course in military engineering. He was then sent to Aldershot for a 12-week course at the Signals Depot. On completion of this training in April 1915, his father, now the Chief of Staff of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) on the Western Front, had him assigned to his own staff as an aide de camp (ADC). This provided a good introduction to the workings of a military staff. When his father left in December 1915 to become the Chief of the Imperial General Staff, Robertson became an aide to the Commander-in-Chief of the BEF, General Sir Douglas Haig, with the rank of lieutenant from 23 December 1915. He was mentioned in despatches on 1 January 1916. As part of the BEF staff, he was able to view the elaborate preparations for, and the early stages of, the execution of the Battle of the Somme.
In July 1916, Robertson was posted to the headquarters of the XI Corps as a General Staff Officer Grade 3 (GSO3). The commander of XI Corps, Lieutenant-General Sir Richard Haking was a friend of his father's. He was promoted to captain on 16 January 1917, and accompanied his father on a tour of the Italian Front. The XI Corps sector of the Western Front was a quiet one at this time, but Robertson was mentioned in despatches on 15 May 1917, awarded the Order of the Crown of Romania with Swords on 21 June 1917, and the Military Cross in the 1918 New Year Honours. In response to the Italian defeat in the Battle of Caporetto, XI Corps was ordered to Italy on 18 November 1917, but by the time it arrived the front had settled down, and it saw little action. For his part, Robertson was made a cavalier of the Order of the Crown of Italy. When XI Corps returned to France in March 1918, Robertson was sent to Clare College, Cambridge, to attend a staff school. On completion of this training in July, he became brigade major of the 177th Brigade, part of the 59th (2nd North Midland) Division, which was assigned to XI Corps. As such, he participated in the Hundred Days Offensive. He was made a member of the Distinguished Service Order in the 1919 Birthday Honours, and was mentioned in despatches a third time on 5 July 1919.
Between the wars
After the war Robertson was posted back to Brompton Barracks to complete his interrupted engineering studies. In November 1920, he commenced a five-year secondment to the British Indian Army, on assignment to the Bengal Sappers and Miners, based at Roorkee, about north of Delhi. He assumed command of its 3rd Field Company, with Lieutenant Ian Jacob as his second in command in April 1921, and the company moved to Peshawar in the North-West Frontier Province. In the wake of the 1919–1920 Waziristan campaign, the Army had decided to establish a permanent garrison at Razmak, and to support the operations in Waziristan, construction of a new gravel road was required. Robertson's company was ordered to work on the road in November 1921. The road traversed some of the most remote, rugged and inhospitable terrain in India. The work was completed in October 1923, and was inspected by General Lord Rawlinson. For his work on the road, Robertson was mentioned in despatches twice more.
The 3rd Field Company returned to Peshawar in October 1923, and Robertson was granted seven months' leave, commencing in April 1924. He returned to his family's home in Bayswater, where he bought a car, studied for the entrance examinations to the Staff College, Camberley, saw Edith Macindoe, whom he had met at a party in Scotland before his posting to India, and was best man at Jacob's wedding. He returned to Peshawar in December 1925, where he sat the staff college examinations in February 1925. Three weeks beforehand, he was hospitalised with a fever, and did not think he had performed well on the exams. Nonetheless, he was breveted as a major on 13 March 1925, and in April General Sir Claude Jacob, the acting Commander-in-Chief, India, (and Ian Jacob's father) asked Robertson to become his ADC. In June, Robertson received the news that he had been offered a place at Camberley.
Robertson returned to England in December 1925, and commenced the two-year course at Camberley. He married Edith Macindoe on 4 August 1926. They had three children: Christine Veronica Helen, in 1927; William Ronald, in 1930; and Catherine Fiona, who was born in 1939. Staff college training was normally followed by a staff posting, and Robertson was posted to the Quartermaster General's Department at the War Office. After three months there, he was transferred to the Directorate of Military Operations and Intelligence (DMO&I), where he specialised in South America. In 1929, he visited six South American countries—Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Peru and Uruguay—on a fact-finding tour. In his report, he noted that in four of these countries military training was being conducted by German military missions, and argued that military attachés should be posted to South America. The War Office and Foreign Office agreed, but HM Treasury did not, and the result was that the military attaché to the United States was also accredited to South American countries.
Robertson was promoted to the substantive rank of major on 11 January 1930. In February 1932, he became a military advisor to the British delegation to the League of Nations conference on disarmament in Geneva, along with Lieutenant-Colonel Christopher Dawnay and Brigadier Arthur Temperley. His father died on 12 February 1933, and he inherited the baronetcy. The disarmament conference was a failure; negotiations stalled, and on 14 October 1933, the new Chancellor of Germany, Adolf Hitler, announced that Germany was withdrawing from the League of Nations. Robertson's next posting was back to India as an instructor at the Staff College, Quetta, but he decided, in view of the dismal prospects for promotion in the Army, to retire on half pay and accept an offer from Eric Geddes to manage a Dunlop Rubber factory in South Africa. The officer sent in his place died in the 1935 Quetta earthquake.
The tyre factory in Durban was a brand new one, opened by the Prime Minister of South Africa, General James Hertzog on 13 August 1935. Until 1937, Robertson was nominally the assistant to Malcolm Irving, the company's managing director in South Africa, but owing to Irving's poor health, Robertson ran the factory from the beginning. The business was successful, with the factory generating a 12.6 per cent profit in 1936. He became an influential member of the local business community, and was elected Chairman of the Rubber Growers' Association in 1936, and President of the Natal Chamber of Industry in 1938.
Second World War
East African Campaign
The outbreak of the Second World War in Europe in September 1939 prompted Hertzog to resign rather than support the war. Robertson was a strong supporter, urging members of the Natal Chamber of Industries to release army reservists. In November 1939, he resigned to rejoin the British Army. He had long assumed that he could easily do so, but the War Office rejected his offer, on the grounds that he was too old. He therefore offered his services to the Union Defence Force (UDF), which accepted him, as it was short of trained staff officers. He was commissioned as a lieutenant-colonel in the South African Army on 1 February 1940, and was sent to the South African Staff College in May. He passed the course easily, and was ranked first in his class of 23. On 16 June, he embarked for Mombasa.
Kenya was threatened by Italy's declaration of war on Britain on 10 June 1940, because Kenya was a British colony, and Italy occupied neighbouring Ethiopia and Somalia. In response to appeals for assistance from Britain, the new Prime Minister of South Africa, Jan Smuts, sent the 1st Infantry Brigade Group to Kenya in July, followed by the South African 1st Infantry Division in November. When Robertson arrived in Nairobi, he joined the staff of Major-General D. P. Dickinson's East Africa Force as its Assistant Quartermaster General (AQMG), working under the Deputy Quartermaster General (DQMG), Colonel Alan Duff. The Kenya and Uganda Railway had ample capacity to move supplies from the base depots as far as Thika and Nanyuki; but these railheads were a long way from the frontier. There were two roads: one from Thika to Garissa and thence to Kismayu in Somalia; and one from Nanyuki to Wajir, and thence to Bardera in Somalia. They were passable only by light vehicles in dry weather, but work commenced on improving them when the war began. Forward supply bases were established at Bura and Garissa. The dominant problem was the supply of water; at the bases it was obtained from the Tana River, but forward of that it was scarce, and water obtained by boring was brackish. When not at headquarters, Robertson sited dumps, arranged for water supplies, and investigated delays at the railhead at Thika.
In view of these difficulties, Lieutenant-General Alan Cunningham, who assumed command of East Africa Force on 1 November 1940, postponed operations until after the spring rains. However, the success of Lieutenant-General Richard O'Connor's operation in the Libyan Desert and Lieutenant-General William Platt's in Eritrea convinced him that the operation could be attempted with fewer troops than he originally contemplated, and the campaign began on 11 February 1941. Kismayu was occupied on 14 February, opening up a sea line of communications to replace the road from Thika. This was followed by the capture of Mogadishu on 23 February, but its development as a port was delayed because the Royal Navy had sown the harbour with magnetic mines, which it lacked the ability to clear. The small port of Merca was therefore developed as a temporary base until Mogadishu was opened in March. The offer of rewards to local civilians for the disclosure of the whereabouts of fuel supplies yielded of petrol and of aviation spirit.
There was no respite for Duff and Robertson to accumulate supplies, as Cunningham decided to press on to Addis Ababa. To support this, a new line of communications was opened from Berbera, on the Gulf of Aden, thereby saving . Robertson reported to Cunningham that "the distance from Mogadishu to Berbera was 600 miles. A very fine tarmac road was marked on Italian maps but did not exist after a few miles out of Mogadishu." Addis Ababa was captured on 6 April. Robertson flew up to the headquarters of the 11th and 12th African Divisions on 12 April, and was bombarded with urgent requests, which he struggled to fulfil. Despite the difficulties, the new Berbera line of communications carried an average of per day between 18 May and 6 July, by which time the Italians had surrendered. In his report, Cunningham wrote of Duff and Robertson: "I found them undaunted by the magnitude of the demands made on them. That throughout the vicissitudes of bad roads and ports without appliances, ample supplies were able to keep up with the troops, must be accounted a fine achievement by these two officers." Robertson was mentioned in despatches.
North African Campaign
With the campaign in East Africa over, Robertson returned to Mombasa on 17 July, and then flew to Cairo in August, where he became Administrative Chief of the South African Defence Force in the Middle East, with the rank of brigadier. However, Cunningham was forming a new headquarters, which was called Western Army on 11 September, and renamed Eighth Army on 27 September, and he asked Robertson to become AQMG. Robertson readily accepted, even though it meant dropping in rank back to lieutenant-colonel, but a request to South Africa to release him for this duty met with a refusal from the Chief of the General Staff of the UDF. When his deputy visited Cairo, Cunningham and the Commander-in-Chief Middle East, General Sir Claude Auchinleck, approached him and asked for Robertson's release, which had the desired effect. He was formally seconded as AQMG on 19 September, with Brigadier Charles Miller as his superior, the Deputy Adjutant and Quartermaster General (DA&QMG).
The immediate task was preparing for Operation Crusader, the Eighth Army's offensive against the German and Italian army in Libya. The maintenance of its
118,000 men and 17,600 vehicles required of supplies per day. The railway was extended from Mersa Matruh to Bir Mischeifa, and a water pipeline was extended forward of Mersa Matruh. Over of water was stored in the forward area, and three forward bases were stocked with over of stores. The transport engaged in stocking the forward bases alone consumed per day.
Robertson developed the concept of the Field Maintenance Centre (FMC) for the support of fast-moving mobile operations. An FMC was like a military shopping centre, supplying all the needs of a corps, and dramatically reduced the response time to administrative needs of front line units and reduced the amount of paperwork that they needed to do to get their needs fulfilled. The FMC would later become a feature of war in the desert, and later British logistics in the Normandy Campaign. The offensive was launched on 18 November. While the Germans were taken by surprise, they soon recovered, and pushed the Eighth Army back. On 24 November, the Afrika Korps threatened the railhead at Mischeifa and the Eighth Army's Rear HQ, which Robertson was ordered to defend. Fortunately for him, the Afrika Korps changed direction. But although the tactical situation was poor, the administrative situation remained good, and this influenced Auchinleck to continue the battle. Auchinleck relieved Cunningham of his command, and replaced him with Lieutenant-General Neil Ritchie.
The Germans and Italians fell back in December. To support the advance, the ports in Libya needed to be developed. Robertson went to Tobruk on 13 January to investigate increasing its capacity. He concluded that the problem was the poor layout of the depots, and recommended that they be reorganised. Benghazi was captured on 24 December, and became the key port, being much closer to the front than Tobruk. The logistical challenge was to build up sufficient reserves to be able to deliver an attack on the German and Italian positions around El Agheila. On 21 January 1942, the Germans and Italians struck back. Benghazi was abandoned, and the Eighth Army fell back on Gazala. Tobruk was now the main port, but Miller and Robertson considered it too far forward to stock with more than a week's supplies. They were overridden by Auchinleck, who wanted it stocked for a renewed offensive. But the Eighth Army lost the Battle of Gazala, which began on 26 May. On 2 June, Miller became the Eighth Army's Brigadier, General Staff (BGS), and Robertson took his place as DA&QMG, with the rank of brigadier once more. When Tobruk fell on 22 June, 3,000,000 rations, of ammunition and of petrol, oil and lubricants (POL) were lost. Following another defeat in the Battle of Mersa Matruh, the Eighth Army fell back to El Alamein.
In August 1942, General Harold Alexander replaced Auchinleck as Commander-in-Chief Middle East, and Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery became commander of the Eighth Army. Robertson knew both well; Alexander had been a fellow student at Camberley, and Montgomery had been an instructor, having been nominated to attend staff college by Robertson's father. Lieutenant-General Sir Wilfrid Lindsell, the Chief Administrative Officer at Middle East HQ had also been one of his instructors. Robertson was happy to go along with Montgomery's organisation of the staff under which the head of the General Staff branch, Major-General Freddie de Guingand acted as a chief of staff, controlling both administration and operations. Robertson was still permitted direct access to Montgomery when he requested it, a privilege that he did not exercise often. For his part in the earlier campaigns, Robertson was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in September. "What gave me confidence," he wrote to his wife, "more than anything else was Monty's attitudes and methods. To watch him on his job is like watching a test match played after watching just good club performance."
Elaborate preparations were made for the Second Battle of El Alamein, not just for the battle itself, but for the subsequent pursuit. Seven days' supplies and of POL for X Corps were stored in forward dumps, along with five days' supplies for XIII Corps and XXX Corps. The forward dumps held 268,000 rounds of 25-pounder, 12,800 rounds of 4.5-inch and 6,400 rounds of 5-5-inch ammunition, together with four days' supply of other ammunition. Three days' supply of stores, ammunition and POL were held at the railhead, and another of ammunition at 4 Advanced Ammunition Depot in Alexandria. On the eve of the battle, Robertson was hospitalised with pneumonia, but he returned to duty on 26 October, to oversee the Eighth Army's pursuit. Tobruk fell on 13 November, and Robertson visited it the following day. The first ship unloaded there on 16 November. Benghazi fell on 20 November, and Tripoli on 21 January 1943. Between 14 and 17 February, Montgomery held a conference in Tripoli on the lessons of the campaign, with lectures from various participants, that was attended by senior British and American officers. Robertson was given two hours to talk about the logistics. His role was also recognised by his being made a Companion of the Order of the Bath on 26 February 1943, and mentioned in despatches. On 28 February, he was promoted to the acting rank of major-general. Considering the lesson of the campaign, Robertson said:
At this point, headquarters of the Eighth Army and the Desert Air Force were from the railhead at Tobruk, and from GHQ Middle East in Cairo, making day-to-day coordination on logistical matters very difficult. A new staff known as HQ Tripolitania Base (or Tripbase) was created under Robertson in February 1943, and assumed responsibility for Tripolitania on 3 March. Eighth Army now sent maintenance requests to Tripolitania Base, which in turn dealt with GHQ. This meant that Robertson now received his orders from his successor at Eighth Army, Brigadier Miles Graham, who had previously been his subordinate. As commander of the Tripolitania Base, he supported the Tunisian Campaign, and was involved in the planning and execution of the Allied invasion of Sicily.
Italian campaign
On 18 July 1943, Robertson arrived in Sicily with his Tripbase headquarters, which now became known as Fortbase (Forward Tripolitania Base). Fortbase was responsible for the ports and beaches in Eastern Sicily, for coordinating demands for shipping, and for mounting the Eighth Army units for the Allied invasion of Italy. From a doctrinal point of view, Fortbase usurped administrative functions that would normally have been carried out by Alexander's 15th Army Group, where Miller was now the Chief Administrative Officer, but most of the British units in Sicily had formed part of the Eighth Army, and were accustomed to its methods. Fortbase was officially under the command of 15th Army Group, but Montgomery treated it as part of the Eighth Army. Robertson also had to deal with General Dwight Eisenhower's Allied Forces Headquarters, (AFHQ), where Major General Humfrey Gale was the Chief Administrative Officer. At the same time, he also had to deal with GHQ Middle East, although it was not under AFHQ, because most of the Eighth Army's support still derived from there. Starting on 20 August, ships began arriving direct from the United Kingdom and the United States, but this created more problems, as convoys carried stores that had been ordered weeks before, and congested the ports by unloading stores that were in excess of requirements or not required at all. De Guingand credited Robertson's success in organising Fortbase as a major factor in the Eighth Army being able to accelerate its advance and link up with the United States Fifth Army when the latter ran into trouble at Salerno.
Robertson succeeded Miller as Alexander's Chief Administrative Officer on 12 October 1943. He also became Gale's deputy. AFHQ Advanced Administrative Echelon headquarters, known as FLAMBO, opened in Naples on 24 October. The first serious problem he had to deal with was a shortage of 25-pounder ammunition, caused by heavier than expected fighting. Usage was rationed, and additional stocks were found in Sicily, the Middle East and North Africa. An air raid on Bari on the night of 2/3 December sank 28 ships. There were over a thousand casualties, of cargo was lost, and the port was out of action for several weeks. One of the ships was carrying poison gas. Robertson complained to Gale that such ships should not be sent to Bari, but should be unloaded at a smaller port like Barletta. That month, Montgomery left to take over the 21st Army Group in the UK, and there were rumours that Robertson would join him, and Major General Cecil Miller from GHQ Middle East would replace him at 15th Army Group. This did not occur, and Robertson remained in Italy, working on Operation Shingle, the landing at Anzio in January 1944. Eisenhower and Gale departed for SHAEF, however, and were replaced at AFHQ by General Sir Henry Maitland Wilson and Major General George Clark respectively. On 28 January 1944, Robertson was promoted to the temporary rank of major-general, with the war-substantive rank of colonel. On 26 February, FLAMBO was absorbed into the HQ of 15th Army Group.
Robertson was appointed a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order by King George VI on 20 July 1944, during the latter's visit to Italy. Alexander succeeded Wilson at AFHQ on 12 December, and Robertson succeeded Miller as the Chief Administrative Officer at AFHQ on 16 November, with the acting rank of lieutenant-general (effective 16 December). The ammunition shortage that occurred in October 1943 recurred in October 1944 as a result of the Gothic Line battles. Robertson flew to London to confer with the War Office about the problem, but received no satisfaction. The theatre's allotment was insufficient, and the War Office stated that it could not make up the deficiencies. Rationing was introduced, and further offensive operations had to be postponed until 1945. The same battles also created a manpower crisis, mainly in the infantry. The British Army had a global deficiency of 42,000 infantrymen, and the Mediterranean theatre was 21,000 short. To address the shortage, Alexander broke up the 1st Armoured Division and disbanded the 18th and 168th (2nd London) Brigades. Robertson tried to improve morale in what was becoming a forgotten army by increasing the beer ration, and granting one month's home leave to 3,000 men per month who had been overseas for three years or more. In February 1945, he returned to Durban on leave himself.
Occupation of Germany
At the end of July 1945, with the war in Europe over, Robertson flew to Germany to take over from Lieutenant-General Ronald Weeks as Montgomery's Chief of Staff and Deputy Military Governor of the British Occupation Zone of Germany. He also acted as Montgomery's deputy on the Allied Control Council. Robertson was restored to the British Army Active List on 30 October 1945 as a substantive major-general, with his seniority backdated to 17 November 1941. He retained his acting rank of lieutenant-general. He was subsequently promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant-general on 1 May 1946, with seniority backdated to 12 September 1944. When Montgomery left to become CIGS in June 1946, Robertson stayed on as deputy to his successor, Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir William Sholto Douglas. Robertson's family arrived in Berlin on 11 August 1946, moving into the with him, and he was able to enjoy a family life for the first time in over six years.
Montgomery promised Robertson that he would appoint him as Quartermaster General in June 1947, but when that date rolled around, Montgomery was forced to concede that Robertson had made himself indispensable, and there was no chance that John Hynd and Ernest Bevin would approve his being moved from Germany. Robertson was made Commander of the United States Legion of Merit on 4 April 1946, and a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in the 1947 Birthday Honours on 12 June 1947. He succeeded Douglas as Military Governor on 1 November 1947, and was promoted to full general on 17 November 1947, with seniority backdated to 3 October 1946. He attended the wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh, on 20 November 1947.
Post-war Germany was in ruins. The British Zone was particularly affected, since it contained the devastated Ruhr area. It was less rural and agricultural and more urbanised and industrial than the other three zones, and did not produce enough food to feed its population, which was swollen by refugees from the East. Britain could do little to help; by June 1947, most of the Anglo-American loan that had been extended to Britain had been spent, and Britain was nearly bankrupt. In order to avert starvation in Germany, the Lord President of the Council, Herbert Morrison negotiated a deal with the Americans whereby of grain was shipped to Germany in return for a cut of in shipments to Britain.
Britain therefore needed Germany to become self-sustaining as soon a possible, a policy that put it at odds with the other three powers. In order to shift more of the burden onto the Americans, an agreement was reached to amalgamate the British and American zones into Bizonia. The down side of this was that it gave the Americans a greater say, making it even more difficult for Robertson to reach compromises with the Soviet Union. Matters came to a head over the introduction of the Deutsche Mark as a new currency in Bizonia. When the Soviets responded with a blockade of Berlin, the American Military Governor, General Lucius D. Clay, wanted to force a convoy through by road. Robertson convinced him to adopt the Berlin Airlift instead. Unlike a force of tanks and trucks, the Soviets could not claim that cargo aircraft were some sort of military threat. In the face of unarmed aircraft refusing to turn around, the only way to enforce the blockade would have been to shoot them down. An airlift would put the Soviet Union in the position of either shooting down unarmed humanitarian aircraft, thus breaking their own agreements, or backing down. Robertson was doubtful that the airlift would provide more than a temporary solution. He went over the tonnage figures repeatedly, arriving at the conclusion that the airlift would not be adequate. Nonetheless, the airlift succeeded, and the blockade was lifted on 12 May 1949. When the three western zones were fused to create West Germany later that month, Robertson was seconded to the foreign office as the High Commissioner at the Allied High Commission for Germany. For his services, he was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire in the 1949 Birthday Honours.
Middle East
On 25 July 1950, Robertson became Commander-in-Chief of Middle East Land Forces. He moved with his family to a new residence at Fayid, in the shores Bitter Lakes. The theatre had been a primarily British responsibility in both world wars, and was still considered such by the United States, which was reluctant to assume commitments beyond those it had already undertaken in Europe and the Far East, but Britain no longer had the resources to defend it. The contingency plan for a Soviet invasion of the Middle East, codenamed Celery, involved defending the Suez Canal by making a stand in the Lebanon-Israel-Jordan area. Robertson was not convinced that it was practical. The rise of Mohammad Mosaddegh prompted Robertson to prepare a plan for intervention in Iran to protect employees of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. The plan was not implemented, and the employees left peacefully.
Another trouble spot was Egypt, where the Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936 was due to expire in 1956, and British troops would then have to leave Egypt. This, the British were reluctant to do, as the protection of the lines of communication between Europe and the Far East, and access to the oil resources of the Middle East were still regarded as vital to the security of the United Kingdom. The British government wanted to retain the base in the Suez Canal area, or, failing that, permission to return in the event of war in the Middle East. Whereas Egyptians saw the British presence not as protection against a Soviet threat but as continuation of a colonial occupation. For his part, Robertson saw the strategy of the British Chiefs of Staff of halting a Soviet advance into the Middle East on Israel's coastal plain from a base on the Suez Canal as totally impractical, and pressed for one of holding the Turkish and Iranian mountain passes instead. Robertson attempted to resolve his problems with diplomacy, but in October 1951 the Prime Minister of Egypt, Mostafa El-Nahas, announced the abrogation of the 1936 treaty, and the British government began to accept that it would have to leave Egypt.
For his services, he was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in the 1952 New Year Honours. Robertson was also an aide-de-camp to King George VI and Queen Elizabeth II from 1949 to June 1952. He was Colonel Commandant of the Royal Engineers from 1950 to 1953, and of the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers from 1951 to 1961. He hoped that he would follow in his father's footsteps and become CIGS and achieve the rank of field marshal. The CIGS, Field Marshal Sir William Slim nominated Robertson and General Sir John Harding. Montgomery argued for the latter, counselling Slim that "you cannot in these days have a CIGS who has never won a battle". Slim was not convinced, but the Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, chose Harding.
Later life
On 5 August 1953 Robertson received a telegram from Churchill asking him if he would be interested in becoming the Chairman of the British Transport Commission. He accepted, and his appointment was announced on 22 September. He held the position until 1961, when he was succeeded by Dr Richard Beeching. In the end, the task of modernising the railway system proved to be beyond even his talents. BR Western Region locomotive no. D800 (new in 1958) was named Sir Brian Robertson. In the 1961 Birthday Honours, he was raised to the peerage as Baron Robertson of Oakridge, of Oakridge in the County of Gloucester.
After leaving the British Transport Commission, Robertson became a member of the board of Dunlop. He was also on the board of the Wagon-lits Sleeping Car company, and once a month on a Thursday evening would take the overnight train to Paris for its board meeting. He was also a member of the General Advisory Committee of Independent Television. His maiden speech in the House of Lords in December 1961 was about the Berlin Crisis of 1961. He visited the city again in November as a guest of the American government at the invitation of Clay, who was the special representative of President John F. Kennedy there. He was Chairman of the Gloucester Association of Boys Clubs, and a member of the Council of the National Association of Boys' Clubs. In 1965 and 1968 he was involved in debates in the House of Lords about youth policy. In 1965, he was elected a master of the Salters' Company's Institute of Industrial Chemistry. He also became a Deputy Lieutenant of Gloucestershire on 24 August 1965.
In December 1970, Robertson suffered a series of strokes, which left him debilitated. Another stroke in May 1972 left him able to move about the house only with difficulty. He died on 29 April 1974. A family funeral service was held in Far Oakridge, and a thanksgiving service at Westminster Abbey on 13 June. He was survived by his wife and three children; his son William succeeded in his titles. Lady Robertson of Oakridge died on 3 June 1982.
Notes
References
External links
British Army Officers 1939−1945
Generals of World War II
1896 births
1974 deaths
Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
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People educated at Charterhouse School
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Recipients of the Military Cross
Robertson Baronets, of Beaconsfield
Peers created by Elizabeth II
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Military personnel of British India | [
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52111706 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierce%20Township%2C%20Lawrence%20County%2C%20Missouri | Pierce Township, Lawrence County, Missouri | Pierce Township is an inactive township in Lawrence County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Pierce Township was named after the community of Pierce City, Missouri.
References
Townships in Missouri
Townships in Lawrence County, Missouri | [
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61799329 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith%20Elkind | Edith Elkind | Edith Elkind is an Estonian computer scientist who works as a professor of computing science at the University of Oxford and as a non-tutorial fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. She is known for her work in algorithmic game theory and computational social choice.
Education and career
As a high school student, Elkind competed for the Estonian team in the International Mathematical Olympiads in 1992 and 1993.
She earned a master's degree at Moscow State University in 1998, and completed her Ph.D. in 2005 from Princeton University. Her dissertation, Computational Issues in Optimal Auction Design, was supervised by Amit Sahai.
After completing her Ph.D., she was a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Warwick, the University of Liverpool, and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She became a lecturer at the University of Southampton and an assistant professor at Nanyang Technological University before moving to Oxford in 2013. She was awarded the title of professor by Oxford in 2016.
Book
With Georgios Chalkiadakis and Michael J. Wooldridge, Elkind is an author of Computational Aspects of Cooperative Game Theory (Morgan & Claypool, 2012).
References
External links
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Estonian women computer scientists
British computer scientists
Moscow State University alumni
Princeton University alumni
Academics of the University of Southampton
Nanyang Technological University faculty
Academics of the University of Oxford
Fellows of Balliol College, Oxford
Fair division researchers | [
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4664590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpyHunter | SpyHunter | SpyHunter is a vehicular combat game. It is a remake and sequel of the 1983 arcade game of the same name first released for PlayStation 2 in 2001. It has since been ported to GameCube, Xbox, Game Boy Advance, Microsoft Windows, OS X, and Tapwave Zodiac. In the game, the player drives the G-6155 Interceptor, an advanced, weaponized spy vehicle. Unlike the original's top-down view, the remake is played with a chase camera, similar to a racing game.
Overview
The game features variations of the Peter Gunn theme throughout the game, including menu screens and the main levels, as well as a variation with lyrics called "The Spy Hunter Theme" by Saliva. Each mission, of which there are fourteen (including 2 training levels), has one primary objective and a number of secondary objectives. There is a range of objectives, though the gameplay is similar on every level: the player must drive along shooting enemy vehicles, avoiding civilians and destroying set targets. Every mission must be completed within a time limit. Objectives are generally to destroy things like enemy weapons, equipment and communications towers, to avoid civilian casualties, to tag things with tracking devices and so on, although some objectives that are a little different include escaping from a warehouse using a trabant within a tight time limit, escorting and protecting allied vehicles and even chasing and destroying a stolen Interceptor vehicle.
The car features the same weapons as the original arcade game, although only the machine guns, and oil slick are available at first; the smoke screen and missiles are acquired later (in this game, there are two types of missiles: unguided rockets and guided missiles). New weapons include tracking devices (not really a weapon) and a flamethrower, rail gun, EMP launcher, IR scanner. Larger 20mm guns, then 40mm guns are unlocked as well. The weapons van also returns in this game, and features some of the same enemies (including "Switch Blade" Plymouth Prowler which has tire slashers, and the "Road Lord" Mack Superliner which can't be destroyed with machine guns.) Or The Enforcer With Rocket Launcher And Gatling Guns Back of The Trunk Rolls-Royce Silver Spirit The Interceptor has three modes: car, boat and motorcycle (the third mode is new to this game), the latter mode appearing when the Interceptor's energy (in car or boat mode) is critically low. The game also features a two-player mode, where the player and a friend can race through any of the 14 missions after completing them in single player mode. Some are straight races, while others require the players to kill chickens or drive through icons along the way. The players can also destroy each other, after which they "respawn".
Plot
The plot deals with Alec Sects, an F-15 pilot who was trained by the FBI, as he tries to take down Nostra, an Israeli-based international company that produces food products, bio-chemicals, genetics, e-commerce and children's software. Daemon Curry, a man who believes himself to be the figure mentioned in several religions (for example: the second christ/antichrist and believes in the prophecies of Nostradamus), is the founder and leader. To deal with him, the IES create a team called Spyhunter. Curry has reason to believe that it is the same person who stopped him in 1983 (Spy Hunter), when he was trying to launch his plan, he sends all he has after him. Curry's plan is to use four EMP weapons mounted on satellites, dubbed the Four Horsemen, to stop all electricity in the world, then plans to rule. Originally Alec does light missions, mostly destruction of Nostra property (like a vehicle created from Nostra and stolen IES technology). However, Nostra hijacks the "Weapons Van" and an Interceptor, and Alec is forced to destroy it. Eventually, the G-6155 Interceptor receives an upgrade (and a change of paint) to the G-6155 Interceptor II, complete with an EMP Launcher, Scanner, and a shorter Turbo lag time. Nostra's schemes become more dangerous, and Alec finds himself returning to most of the previous Nostra bases for more intense missions such as destroying weapons of mass destruction. Later, He finds the headquarters where the Four Horsemen are based in Petra. After a hard-fought battle, the Four Horsemen are defused and explode, while Alec escapes on the Interceptor II. Following a parachute dive from the cliff-side base and landing safely on the ground, he heads toward Russia, setting the stage for SpyHunter 2. Curry's fate is never shown, but he is most likely killed in the explosion as he is not mentioned among the Nostra ringleaders in the sequel.
Development
Word that the game was in development emerged in late 1997. At the time, it was titled "Spy Hunter Returns", was planned for release in late 1998 or early 1999, and had the Nintendo 64 as its target platform, but Midway already had plans to feature different versions of the original Peter Gunn theme throughout the game.
Reception
By July 2006, the PlayStation 2 version of SpyHunter had sold 900,000 copies and earned $29 million in the United States. Next Generation ranked it as the 64th highest-selling game launched for the PlayStation 2, Xbox or GameCube between January 2000 and July 2006 in that country. Combined console sales of SpyHunter games released in the 2000s reached 1.4 million units in the United States by July 2006.
The PlayStation 2 version received "favorable" reviews, while the rest of the console versions received "mixed or average reviews", according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.
Jeff Lundrigan reviewed the PlayStation 2 version of the game for Next Generation, rating it four stars out of five, and stated that "It's a sheer blast, and a find update to a classic game, but it's still more a rental than a keeper."
In Japan, Famitsu gave the PS2 version a score of one nine, one six, and two eights for a total of 31 out of 40. GameSpot's Ryan Davis praised the same version as "a solid reinterpretation of a video game classic that adds its own unique elements to the franchise without forsaking what made Spy Hunter what it was." However, he later panned the PC port as "a very modest arcade driving game that's simply not worth playing [...] Graphics and the gameplay have been compromised too much in the transition. The end result is a game with shoddy controls that looks more dated than the source material." Avery Score of the same website gave the Zodiac version 8.8 out of 10, saying that it "falls short of perfection, but is one of the best games in recent memory and a blast to play alone or with friends." GameZone also gave the Zodiac version nine out of ten, saying that it was "not just a must-buy for those who have a Zodiac, it's also a reason to buy a Zodiac."
References
External links
2001 video games
Game Boy Advance games
MacOS games
Midway video games
GameCube games
PlayStation 2 games
Spy Hunter
Windows games
Xbox games
Video games developed in the United States
Video game remakes | [
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] |
59842314 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20awards%20and%20nominations%20received%20by%20Gen%20Hoshino | List of awards and nominations received by Gen Hoshino | This is a list of awards and nominations received by Japanese singer-songwriter and actor Gen Hoshino.
Music awards
CD Shop Awards
!
|-
!scope="row"|2011
|Baka no Uta
|Finalist Award
|
|
|-
!scope="row"|2012
|Episode
|Grand Prix
|
|
|-
!scope="row"|2014
|Stranger
|Finalist Award
|
|
|-
!scope="row"|2015
|Stranger in Budoukan
|Live Video Award
|
|
|-
!scope="row"|2016
|Yellow Dancer
|Grand Prix
|
|
|-
!scope="row"|2019
|Pop Virus
|Grand Prix (Red)
|
|
Japan Gold Disc Awards
!
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2"| 2017
|rowspan="2"|"Koi"
|Song of the Year by Download
|
|rowspan="2"|
|-
|rowspan="2"|Best 5 Songs by Download
|
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2"| 2019
|"Idea"
|
|
|-
|Pop Virus
|Best 5 Albums
|
|
Japan Record Awards
!
|-
!scope="row"| 2016
|Yellow Dancer
|Excellence Album Award
|
|
JASRAC Awards
!
|-
!scope="row"| 2018
|"Koi"
|Gold Award
|
|
MTV Video Music Awards Japan
!
|-
!scope="row"|2012
|"Film"
|Best Male Video
|
|
|-
!scope="row"|2014
|"Why Don't You Play in Hell?"
|Best Video from a Film
|
|
|-
!scope="row"|2015
|"Sun"
|Best Male Video – Japan
|
|
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="3"|2017
|rowspan="2"|"Family Song"
|Best Video of the Year
|
|rowspan="3"|
|-
|Best Japanese Male Artist Video
|
|-
|"Koi"
|Best Choreography
|
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2"|2018
|rowspan="2"|"Idea"
|Best Pop Video
|
|rowspan="2"|
|-
|Best Art Direction Video
|
|-
Music Jacket Awards
!
|-
!scope="row"|2014
|"Gag"
|rowspan="3"| Grand Prix
|
|
|-
!scope="row"|2015
|"Crazy Crazy/Sakura no Mori"
|
|
|-
!scope="row"|2016
|Yellow Dancer
|
|
|-
Space Shower Awards
Space Shower Music Awards
!
|-
!scope="row"|2016
|Gen Hoshino
|Best Male Artist
|
|
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2"|2017
|Gen Hoshino
|Best Male Artist
|
|rowspan="2"|
|-
|"Koi"
|Video of the Year
|
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="3"|2018
|rowspan="2"|Gen Hoshino
|People's Choice
|
|rowspan="3"|
|-
|Best Male Artist
|
|-
|"Family Song"
|Best Art Direction Video
|
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="4"|2019
|rowspan="3"|Gen Hoshino
|Best Pop Artist
|
|rowspan="4"|
|-
|Artist of the Year
|
|-
|People's Choice
|
|-
|Pop Virus
|Album of the Year
|
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2"|2020
|Gen Hoshino
|BEST INFLUENTIAL ARTIST
|
|rowspan="2"|
|-
|Same Thing (feat. Superorganism)
|BEST COLLABORATION
|
Space Shower Music Video Awards
!
|-
!scope="row"|2013
|"Yume no Soto he"
|rowspan="3"|Best Video of the Year
|
|
|-
!scope="row"|2014
|"Bakemono"
|
|
|-
!scope="row"|2015
|"Crazy Crazy"
|
|
|-
Television Drama Academy Awards
!
|-
!scope="row"|2015
|"Sun"
|rowspan="4"|Best Theme Song
|
|
|-
!scope="row"|2016
|"Koi"
|
|
|-
!scope="row"|2017
|"Family Song"
|
|
|-
!scope="row"|2018
|"Idea"
|
|
|-
Tokyo Drama Awards
!
|-
!scope="row"|2017
|"Koi"
|Best Theme Song
|
|
|-
Acting awards
Blue Ribbon Awards
!
|-
!scope="row"|2021
|The Voice of Sin
|Best Supporting Actor
|
|
|-
Confidence Award Drama Prize
!
|-
!scope="row"|2016
|The Full-Time Wife Escapist
|Best Supporting Actor
|
|
|-
Elan d'or Awards
!
|-
!scope="row"|2017
|Dr. Storks, Sanada Maru and The Full-Time Wife Escapist
|Newcomer of the Year
|
|
|-
Japan Academy Film Prize
!
|-
!scope="row"|2014
|Blindly in Love and Why Don't You Play in Hell?
|Newcomer of the Year
|
|
|-
!scope="row"|2021
|The Voice of Sin
|Best Supporting Actor
|
|
|-
Japanese Movie Critics Awards
!
|-
!scope="row"|2013
|Blindly in Love
|Best Newcomer
|
|
|-
Mainichi Film Awards
!
|-
!scope="row"|2014
|Blindly in Love
|Sponichi Grand Prix Newcomer Award
|
|
|-
Nikkan Sports Drama Grand Prix
!
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2"|2016
|rowspan="2"|The Full-Time Wife Escapist
|Best Supporting Actor – Fall
|
|
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|
|
|-
Seoul International Drama Awards
!
|-
!scope="row"|2017
|The Full-Time Wife Escapist
|Best Actor
|
|
|-
Tama Cinema Awards
!
|-
!scope="row"|2013
|Blindly in Love, Why Don't You Play in Hell? and Saint Young Men
|Best Newcomer Actor
|
|
|-
Television Drama Academy Awards
!
|-
!scope="row"|2016
|The Full-Time Wife Escapist
|Best Supporting Actor
|
|
|-
Yokohama Film Festival
!
|-
!scope="row"|2013
|Blindly in Love and Why Don't You Play in Hell?
| Best Newcomer
|
|
|-
Hochi Film Awards
!
|-
!scope="row"|2020
|The Voice of Sin
|Best Supporting Actor
|
|
|-
Others
!
|-
!colspan="5" align="center"|Booklog Grand Prix
|-
!scope="row"|2017
|Inochi no Shasou kara
| Essay or Nonfiction Grand Prix
|
|
|-
!colspan="5" align="center"|Galaxy Awards
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2"|2017
|Gen Hoshino
|DJ Personality Award
|
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|Ogen-san to Issho
|Galaxy Award – May
|
|
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2"|2018
|Honorable Mention – Television
|
|rowspan="2"|
|-
|Hoshino Gen no All Night Nippon "Doraemon Special!"
|Honorable Mention – Radio
|
|-
!colspan="5" align="center"|Itami Juzo Prize
|-
!scope="row"|2017
|Gen Hoshino
|Itami Juzo Prize
|
|
Notes
References
Hoshino, Gen
Lists of awards received by actor | [
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] |
44401057 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Jacques%20Duval | Jean-Jacques Duval | Jean-Jacques Duval (Feb. 8, 1930 - Oct. 21, 2021) was a French-born American artist who pioneered abstract art and the use of faceted glass in stained glass design in the 1960s. In 2005 he was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award by the Stained Glass Association of America. Best known for his window designs in Germany, Israel, Japan, the West Indies, and the United States, his paintings and sculptures have also been exhibited throughout North America.
Early life
Jean-Jacques Duval was born in 1930 in Strasbourg, France. At age six, his father, a manager of a champagne company, died and Duval and his mother moved to Mutzig to live with his grandmother and two uncles. Encouraged to draw by one of his uncles, a house painter, at age 14 he was introduced to a glass painter and became interested in glass as an artistic medium. He attended the Strasbourg art school École des Arts Décoratifs where he studied drawing, painting, set design and fashion. Introduced by a professor to liturgical stained glass design, following graduation Duval apprenticed with stained glass firm OTT Frères. At age 18, he left to complete his required military service and served for 15 months in the French army. Returning to Strasbourg in 1950, Duval accepted an offer to design for an American stained glass company, Muller Studio.
In the United States Duval first worked in Florida, before accepting a position at Daprato Studio in New York. In 1955 he was drafted and served two years in the US army in Germany. Upon his return he continued to freelance at Daprato until 1957 when he opened his own studio in Manhattan. Assisted by his studio foreman, Helmut Schardt, in 1958 Duval began working in faceted glass. During this period he attended the Art Students League of New York.
Career
Duval was one of the first stained glass designers to use Dalle de verre, a thick, faceted glass created with a hammer and anvil rather than cut. He is credited for "developing, refining, and putting his personal touch on both aesthetic approach and improved technique". Inspired by the lyrical abstraction of Nicolas de Staël's paintings, he was also one of the first to introduce an abstract aesthetic into ecclesiastic settings. His use of both transparent and translucent glass allowed nature or the surrounding environment to be included in his designs. His choice of faceted- or cut-glass was determined by the building design and, throughout his career, Duval worked equally within the two media. He described his techniques in Working With Stained Glass, first published in 1972.
1957- In 1957 Duval entered and won the international competition for the windows of the Vatican Pavilion at the 1964 New York World’s Fair, now in St. Mary's Church (Groton, Connecticut). Another early abstract design, the 1962 sanctuary windows for Congregation B'nai Jacob (Woodbridge, Connecticut), was likened to windows by Robert Motherwell. In 1964 he was commissioned to design windows for the historic monument, St. Martin Church in Martenhöhe, Germany. Duval also created stained glass sculptures for the chapel at Holy Cross High School (Waterbury, Connecticut) in 1965 and for the Altman and Wolf Equitable Building (Baltimore, Maryland) in 1968.
During this period Duval continued to paint and developed a style which reflected his use of stained glass. Encouraged by artists Willem de Kooning and artist-stained glass designer Adolph Gottlieb, both friends of his wife, writer Elga Liverman Duval, he was part of the 1950s New York art scene. In 1967, he exhibited at the Madison-Avenue gallery La Boetie.
1970- In 1970 Duval moved from Manhattan to Carmel, New York. During this period he designed liturgical windows for the historic monument B’nai Israel (Pittsburgh) and Christ the King Lutheran Church (North Olmstead, Ohio). Other commissions included the Fine Arts Building, State University of New York (Geneseo) and a window for Pennsylvania State University (Altoona). During this period, he taught stained glass at the New School for Social Research in New York City.
1990- In 1992 Duval moved upstate where the Adirondack scenery became a source of inspiration for his work. Important commissions within the region include the Champlain Valley Physicians Hospital Chapel and the Fine Arts Building, State University of New York (Plattsburgh). In 1998, Duval designed the window for the Kasugai Mall (Nagoya, Japan). His largest, leaded stained glass wall to date, the stylized figurative design was inspired by a Japanese wedding.
In 2010 Duval completed a sculpture for the Holocaust Museum, State University of New York (Plattsburgh). During this time solo exhibitions of his paintings and sculpture were held in 2012 at gallery Beaux-arts des Amériques (Montreal) and at the Plattsburgh State Art Museum in 1213.
Until his death on Oct. 21, 2021, Duval lived and maintained Duval Studio in the Adirondack community of Willsboro, New York.
Recognition
As a stained-glass designer Duval completed over 500 commissions in France, Germany, Israel, Japan, the West Indies, and the United States. His work was featured in cover stories in Progressive Architecture (Dec 1971), TWA Ambassador Magazine (Jan 1972), Intellectual Digest (Feb 1973), Faith & Form (winter 1993-94, and fall 1997), Topia Magazine (fall 1997), and Art Glass Magazine (Mar-Apr 2012), and was reviewed in Stained Glass Quarterly (2005). Architectural historian Samuel D. Gruber wrote that "Duval has demonstrated this talent for making architectural walls that complement the architecture design in many synagogue and church commissions". Gruber also praised, in particular, Duval's concept for the Congregation of B'nai Jacob (New York City) as being "firmly within the Jewish symbolic 'canon'". His 1968 window design for the new Church of Christ (New York City), awarded the top prize by the American Association of Architects, was described in 1979 by critic Paul Goldberger as "surprisingly successful" and an "attempt to rise above the ordinary that is all too rare in New York".
In recognition for outstanding service and contributions to the arts, in 1999 Duval received the Artist Award from the New York State Council on the Arts. In 2005 he was also presented with a Lifetime Achievement Award by the Stained Glass Association of America for "his outstanding work as one of the pioneers of the faceted glass movement in the United States and for his innovation in glass art". In 2011 Duval was invited by the American Chamber of Commerce in Canada (AMCHAM) in association with the United States Embassy to speak in Ottawa, Canada. The event took place on October 25, 2011 at the Canadian Museum of Nature and was attended by over 200 people. In 2012 he was interviewed for the show Spotlight by Paul Larson of Mountain Lake PBS at his Montreal solo exhibition held at Beaux-arts des Amériques. In 2013, The Plattsburgh State Art Museum held a solo exhibition of his paintings, sculpture, and glass-installation studies in Plattsburgh, New York.
Throughout Duval's career his stained glass designs, sculptures and paintings were featured in solo exhibitions in public museums and associations including the French Embassy (New York City), The Artist Guild of New York (New York City), the Arts Council of New York (New York City), Museum of Contemporary Crafts (New York City), Rochester Memorial Art Gallery (Rochester, New York), Lake Placid Arts Center (Lake Placid, New York), the North Country Cultural Center For The Arts (Plattsburgh, New York), Museum of Allentown (Allentown, Pennsylvania), the Arts Club of Chicago (Chicago, Illinois), and the Pavilion des Arts (St-Jean sur Richelieu, Quebec, Canada).
Public art
References
External links
Duval, Jean-Jacques. Working with Stained Glass. Funk & Wagnells, 1975.
Duval Studio
Jean-Jacques Duval, Plattsburgh State Art Museum
Jean-Jacques Duval, CV Beaux-arts des Amériques
Jean-Jacques Duval, American Glass Guild
Helmut Schardt, American Glass Guild
Glass artists
20th-century American painters
American male painters
21st-century American painters
21st-century male artists
1930 births
2021 deaths
People from Strasbourg | [
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5214127 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County%20Antrim%20Shield | County Antrim Shield | The County Antrim & District Football Association Senior Shield (more commonly known as the County Antrim Shield) is a football competition in Northern Ireland. The competition is open to senior teams who are members of the North East Ulster Football Association (also known as the County Antrim & District Football Association) (membership of which extends beyond County Antrim itself), often plus intermediate teams who qualify via the Steel & Sons Cup, depending on the numbers required. For the 2010–11 and 2011-12 seasons, only the winners took part.
The current Shield champions are Larne, who beat Linfield 1–0 in the 2021–22 final, winning the trophy for a second successive year.
During the later 1980s and early 1990s, the North East Ulster F.A. invited senior clubs from outside its jurisdiction to participate. Hence the Shield has been won by Newry Town (later Newry City) and Glenavon, neither of which are members of the North East Ulster F.A.
The Shield has been regularly sponsored since the late 1980s. The 2014–15 competition was sponsored by Toals Bookmakers.
Finals
Performance by club
Centenary Chalice
To mark the centenary of the County Antrim F.A., a Centenary Chalice was played for in 1987–88. Glentoran won it, defeating Ballymena United 4–2 in the final.
References
Association football in County Antrim
Association football cup competitions in Northern Ireland | [
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] |
37604001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back%20of%20Beyond | Back of Beyond | Back of Beyond is a 1995 Australian film.
According to Ozmovies:
"The film was released in Sydney and Melbourne on 2nd November 1995, but quickly disappeared."
It was released on VHS in Australia and laserdisc in the United States but is now very difficult to find.
References
External links
Back of Beyond (1995) at Ozmovies
Australian films
English-language films | [
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26373620 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Caleb%20Wright | George Caleb Wright | George Caleb Wright, AIA, (April 25, 1889 – February 27, 1973) was an American architect from Indiana. He was a partner in the Indianapolis, Indiana architectural firms of Pierre & Wright, Vonnegut, Wright & Yeager (formed 1946), and Wright, Porteous & Lowe, and was later chief building inspector for the City of Indianapolis.
Early life and education
Wright was born April 25, 1889 in Libertyville, Illinois, where he attended his education until the high school level. He then attended the University of Illinois from 1908–1912, earning a degree in architecture and engineering.
Early career
He worked for the International Harvester Company from 1912–1915, George C. Nimmons & Co. from 1915–1923, Herbert Foltz from 1923–1925 until he formed Pierre & Wright. In addition, he was a construction supervisor during World War I for the army. He relocated to Indianapolis, Indiana from Chicago in 1923.
Pierre & Wright (1925–1944)
Pierre & Wright, formed 1925, was responsible for many landmarks in Indianapolis and greater Indiana, and a number have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The Pierre & Wright Architectural Records Collection is located at Ball State University Libraries' Drawings + Documents Archive, Muncie, Ind.
Vonnegut, Wright & Yeager
In 1946, Wright formed a new firm with Kurt Vonnegut, Sr., called Vonnegut & Wright. After Yeager joined the firm it became Vonnegut, Wright and Yeager, then Wright, Porteous & Lowe, and then Wright, Porteous & Lowe/Bonar.
Wright, Porteous & Lowe
Following Kurt Vonnegut Sr.'s death in 1957, he left Vonnegut, Wright & Yeager and was senior partner in the firm Wright, Porteous & Lowe. His son, William Caleb Wright, was also a partner in that firm. From 1963 to 1969, he was chief building inspector for the City of Indianapolis.
Professional organizations
He was a registered architect in Indiana, Kentucky, Illinois and president of the Indiana Society of Architects and the Indiana Chapter of the AIA. In addition, he was a member of the board of the Indianapolis Construction League, Vice-Chairman of the Policy Committee, Indiana Construction Industry, member of the Mayor's Special Committee on Housing, etc.
Works by Pierre & Wright Architects
Indiana State Library and Historical Building, Indianapolis, Indiana
Milo Stuart Memorial Building, Arsenal Technical High School (Indianapolis, Indiana)
References
1889 births
Architects from Indianapolis
People from Libertyville, Illinois
Art Deco architects
University of Illinois alumni
Beaux Arts architects
1973 deaths | [
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11017196 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteen%20Hills | Fourteen Hills | Fourteen Hills is the San Francisco State University MFA program literary magazine. Founded in 1994, it publishes poetry, fiction, short plays, and literary nonfiction. The semiannual journal includes experimental and progressive work by emerging and cross-genre writers, as well as by award-winning and established authors.
Fourteen Hills publishes two titles every year- Fourteen Hills: the SFSU review and the annual winner of the Michael Rubin Book Award.
Fourteen Hills Vol. 6, No. 1 sold out within a few months, and Kate Small's award-winning chapbook, also published by Fourteen Hills, is now in its second printing. Pieces first published in Fourteen Hills have won the following literary awards:
2019 Nicolás Guillén Outstanding Book Award from the Caribbean Philosophical Association: Phillip Barron's What Comes from a Thing.
2009 Best New Poets Anthology: Joshua Robbins' "The Man in Hooper's Office in a Small City"
2006 Pushcart Prize Special Mention: Eugene Martin's excerpt of "Waste"
2000 Flannery O'Connor Award for Fiction: Bill Roorbach's "Thanksgiving"
1998 O'Henry Prize Anthology: Peter Weltner's "Movietone: Detour"
100 Distinguished Stories of 1997: Sonia Gernes' "Ye Watchers"
1997 Best American Gay Fiction Prize Anthology: Stephen Beachy's "Shapes"
1997 O'Henry Prize Anthology: Mary Gaitskill's "Comfort"
1997 Best American Gay Fiction Prize Anthology: Kolin Ohi's "A Backward Glance"
1996 Best American Poetry Prize Anthology: Alice Notley's "The Longest Times"
Events
Fourteen Hills also hosts a number of literary events each year. The most awaited is the Fourteen Hills release party. Last year, Stephen Elliott gave a reading at the release, which was met with much enthusiasm. This year too Fourteen Hills will host a number of literary events. An upcoming event is the release of Fourteen Hills' Fiction anthology- New Standards. The event will be held at SFSU's Poetry Center and will feature authors like Peter Orner, Nona Caspers, Eireene Nealand and John Cleary.
Fourteen Hills and SFSU administer the Stacy Doris Memorial Poetry Award, named after late writing professor Stacy Doris. The prize, which was first awarded in 2014, awards the winning poet with a $500 prize and publication in the Spring issue of Fourteen Hills.
See also
List of literary magazines
References
External links
Fourteen Hills information
Fourteen Hills website
Poetry magazines published in the United States
Biannual magazines published in the United States
Magazines published in San Francisco
Magazines established in 1994
San Francisco State University
1994 establishments in California | [
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40968296 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvin%20Achenbaum | Alvin Achenbaum | Alvin Achenbaum (December 11, 1925 – January 26, 2016) was an advertising executive and marketing management consultant of the late 20th century. He was founder and president of the Achenbaum Institute of Marketing.
Early life and education
Achenbaum was born in 1925 in Bronx County, New York, the son of a dressmaker. He attended Taft High School and went on to earn a bachelor's degree in business economics from the University of California, Los Angeles and a master's degree in business economics from Columbia University. After school, he served as a Corporal in the Army Air Corps during World War II.
Career
From 1951 to 1974, Achenbaum held senior executive positions at four major advertising agencies in New York City: McCann Erickson, J. Walter Thompson, Grey Advertising, and Ted Bates, where he served as vice chairman, overseeing all professional services.
Marketing management consultant
Achenbaum served as chairman at a series of marketing management consultancies for 40 years, including Canter, Achenbaum and Associates, which he co-founded with longtime colleague Stanley Canter in 1974, and Achenbaum, Bogda Associates, which he formed with Pete Bogda in 1993. Some of these firms' clients included Procter and Gamble, GE, Nestle, Kraft, Honda, and the United States Department of Defense.
Achenbaum regularly spoke out about emerging trends and the future of advertising and marketing, challenging many of the accepted business practices of the day. He wrote weekly columns for Ad Age and Marketing Week in the 1980s. He generated considerable controversy by challenging the nature of the relationship between advertising agencies and their clients. His consulting work contributed to major changes in both the advertising agency selection process and the development of negotiated agency compensation agreements.
In addition to his work as a practitioner, Achenbaum was an adjunct professor of marketing at the Baruch College of the City University of New York. He also guest lectured at numerous universities, including New York University, Columbia University, and McGill. He was a member of the editorial board of many key professional organizations, including the Market Research Council and the American Marketing Association. Achenbaum is also the author of Lessons Learned: A Practitioner's Guide to Successful Marketing.
Achenbaum Institute of Marketing
In 2005, Achenbaum retired from management consulting and turned his efforts toward preparing aspiring marketing professionals and scholars. He founded the Achenbaum Institute of Marketing. In 2012, the Institute donated Achenbaum's professional papers (research studies, presentations, articles, correspondence and speeches) to The John W. Hartman Center for Sales, Advertising & Marketing History at Duke University Libraries. The Hartman Center praised the collection as "one of the rare collections which covers the breadth of a person’s career, while also documenting the internal workings of a number of agencies and consulting firms."
The papers comprise over 80,000 items and contain approximately 100 linear feet of material, documenting over fifty years of Achenbaum's professional life.
In 2013, the Achenbaum Institute of Marketing established the Alvin A. Achenbaum Travel Grant Program, which sponsors travel for scholars of marketing, research and advertising to study at the Hartman Center. In 2013, the Institute published Lessons Learned: A Practitioner’s Guide to Successful Marketing, an instructional guide for students and marketers based on the business lessons Achenbaum learned during his long career.
In 1987, Achenbaum was elected to the Market Research Hall of Fame. In 2000, he was named one of the most influential advertising people of the 20th century by Advertising Age.
Personal life
Achenbaum has been married twice. In 1984, he married Barbara, a schoolteacher at Masters School in Dobbs Ferry, New York; they had three children, Jon Achenbaum, Lisa Achenbaum Kounitz and Martha Achenbaum Bratt. His second wife was Montreal-born Leila Auerbach Goldberg Lebendig who had four children from a previous marriage. He died on January 26, 2016; services were held at Riverside Memorial Chapel. He was buried at New Montefiore Cemetery in West Babylon, Suffolk County, New York.
References
External links
ABA Consulting
The Alvin A. Achenbaum Collection at the John W. Hartman Center
Profile of Alvin Achenbaum in The New York Times
Ad Age's Top 100 Advertising People of the 20th Century
"Find A Grave memorial: Alvin “Al” Achenbaum
Businesspeople from New York City
1925 births
American management consultants
2016 deaths
People from the Bronx
20th-century American businesspeople | [
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51998136 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%20Brest%20Challenger | 2015 Brest Challenger | The 2015 Brest Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2015 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place at the Brest Arena in Brest, France between 19 and 25 October 2015.
Points and prize money
Point distribution
Prize money
* per team
Singles main draw entrants
Seeds
1 Rankings are as of 12 October 2015.
Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
Benoît Paire
Grégoire Jacq
Alexandre Sidorenko
Romain Jouan
The following player received entry using a special exemption:
Illya Marchenko
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
Romain Barbosa
Maxime Tabatruong
Sadio Doumbia
Yannik Reuter
Retirements
Illya Marchenko (left foot, first round)
Maxime Teixeira (left abductor, second round)
Doubles main draw entrants
Seeds
1 Rankings are as of 12 October 2015.
Other entrants
The following pair received a wildcard into the doubles main draw:
Romain Jouan / Alexandre Penaud
Champions
Singles
Ivan Dodig def. Benoît Paire, 7–5, 6–1.
Doubles
Wesley Koolhof / Matwé Middelkoop def. Ken Skupski / Neal Skupski, 3–6, 6–4, [10–6].
References
Official Results Archive (ATP)
Official Results Archive (ITF)
Singles Draw
Doubles Draw
Qualifying Singles Draw
Brest Challenger
Brest Challenger
2015 in French tennis | [
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31075320 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyoming%20Highway%20341 | Wyoming Highway 341 | Wyoming Highway 341 (WYO 341) is Wyoming State Road located in eastern Sheridan County and is a spur from US 14/US 16 to the community of Arvada.
Route description
Wyoming Highway 341 starts its southern end in the community of Arvada near Sheridan County Route 38 (Wild Horse Road) and Sheridan County Route 273 (Upper Powder River Road). WYO 341 actually begins just short of the Arvada city limits. Highway 341 travels north, perpendicular to the Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railroad before crossing it. WYO 341 ends at just under 3.2 miles at US 14/US 16 three miles north of Arvada.
Major intersections
See also
References
External links
Wyoming State Routes 300-399
Wyoming Highway 341 - US 14/US 16 to Arvada
Transportation in Sheridan County, Wyoming
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66206663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itoh%20Emi%2013 | Itoh Emi 13 | The Itoh Emi 13 was a two seat Japanese trainer, designed for the Itoh flying school and introduced in two versions in 1920 and 1921.
Design and development
From mid-1919 Otojiro Itoh's flying school at Itoh Airfield at Tsudanuma had relied heavily on the Itoh Emi 9, its only two seat trainer. Its designer, Tomotari Inagaki, had already designed a similar but improved successor, powered by the same Hall-Scott V-8 engine. This, the Emi 13, was built between the summer of 1919 and the following spring.
The Emi 13 was a wooden-framed, fabric covered two bay biplane with pairs of parallel interplane struts. Its wings were rectangular in plan, with overhung ailerons only on the upper wing. Tall, outward-leaning cabane struts braced the wing over the fuselage, where there was a broad trailing edge cut-out to increase the field of view from the rear seat. The lower wings were mounted on the lower fuselage longeron.
Its V-8 engine was nose-mounted with its upper parts exposed and a flat, narrow, rectangular radiator attached vertically just behind it on the port side where the engine cowling joined a flat-sided fuselage. The two separate cockpits of the Emi 5 were replaced by tandem seats in a single open cockpit, with the student under the central wing and the tutor under the trailing edge. This change was made to ease communication between them. Behind them the fuselage had rounded upper decking. The tail was conventional, with the horizontal surfaces mounted on top of the fuselage and the tailplane strut-braced from below. The fin was small and triangular in profile but carried a large rounded rudder with a prominent horn balance.
The Emi 13 had a single axle undercarriage with large wheels. The axle was rubber-sprung on a cross-braced frame with forward legs and trailing drag struts to the lower fuselage longerons. Its tall tailskid was mounted below the tailplane leading edge.
Operational history
To demonstrate its abilities the Emi 13 took part in a competition sponsored by the Imperial Flying Association held In August 1920 in Tokyo. It gained the fourth prizes for both speed, at and altitude .
By late 1920 the Hall-Scott engine was reaching the end of its life so Inagaki revised the design to take a Curtiss OX-5, another water-cooled V-8. Itoh completed this aircraft, referred to as the Emi 13 no.2, in 1921 and it became the principal trainer at the flying school.
Variants
Emi 13 no.1 First example, Hall-Scott powered and flown in 1920.
Emi 13 no.2 Second example, Curtiss powered and flown in 1921.
Specifications
Notes
References
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
1920s Japanese civil aircraft
Japanese civil trainer aircraft
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4160817 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald%20McMorran | Donald McMorran | Donald Hanks McMorran RA FRIBA FSA (3 May 1904 – 6 August 1965) was an English architect who is known today for his sensitive continuation of the neo-Georgian and classical tradition in the period after the Second World War. His buildings include halls of residence at the University of Nottingham, Wood Street Police Station in the City of London, public housing schemes around London, the South Block extension to the Old Bailey and civic buildings in Exeter and Bury St Edmunds.
Early life and education
Donald Hanks McMorran was born in 1904 in Wallasey, Cheshire. His parents, William Edwin McMorran and Edith McMorran (née Hanks) originally came from north London. The family moved back to London and Donald was educated at Harrow County Grammar School. He studied under H. Farquharson in 1921.
Career
In 1925 McMorran was admitted to the Royal Institute of British Architects as the RIBA Pugin Student. From 1927 to 1935, McMorran worked as assistant to the architect Vincent Harris.
After 1935, McMorran went into private practice. Initially he set up with Horace Farquharson as Farquharson McMorran. Subsequently, McMorran went into partnership with fellow architect George Whitby. After World War II, the architectural firm McMorran & Whitby were responsible for some buildings of distinction which were influenced by the work of Harris and Sir Edwin Lutyens. Among their noted works are Devon County Hall in Exeter (1957-64); the extension to the Shire Hall in Bury St Edmunds (1968); Cripps Hall, Lenton Hall and the social sciences block at the University of Nottingham; Wood Street Police Station in the City of London; and the South Block extension to the Old Bailey.
In the early 1960s, McMorran & Whitby were commissioned to design a new library headquarters as part of a wider civic buildings estate on Raingate Street in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk. Due to the historic setting and proximity to the ancient Bury St Edmunds Abbey, a more conservative historicist design was specified. The New Classical-style Suffolk Record Office is today a Grade II listed building and is noted for its central lantern and original interior fittings.
McMorran was the architect of a number of housing estates around London, including the Lammas Green housing estate at Sydenham Hill, London (1957, now Grade II listed); estates in Hampstead, Poplar, Sydenham and Richmond upon Thames. His work on the Holloway Estate on Parkhurst Road Estate in Islington, London (1950s) is especially noted, and one of the apartment blocks there, McMorran House, bears his name.
McMorran was elected as an associate member of the Royal Academy of Art in 1955, before being elected as a full member in 1962.
McMorran was a Master of the Art Workers Guild in 1956. His work is characterised by carefully chosen materials, well-detailed and handsomely proportioned facades with minimal classical detail, showing the influence in particular of the work of John Soane.
There is also a strong sense of aesthetic opposition to the bulk of the Modern Movement work of the same period. McMorran was, however, not narrow-minded in his attitude to the Modern Movement, and as assessor in the City of London's Golden Lane housing competition he awarded first place to the young Modernists, Chamberlin, Powell and Bon.
Donald McMorran served as Treasurer at the Royal Academy from January 1965 until his death later that year at Dorking, Surrey.
Noted buildings
Hammersmith Police Station (1939)
Wood Field housing estate, Hampstead (1947-9)
Barn Field housing estate, Hampstead (1947-9)
Holloway Estate, Islington, London (1950s)
Phoenix School, Tower Hamlets (1951-52)
Great Arthur House, Golden Lane Estate, City of London (1953-7)
Lammas Green housing estate, Sydenham Hill, London (1955-7)
100 Pall Mall, London (with Duke & Simpson, 1956-58)
Devon County Hall, Exeter (1957-64)
University of Nottingham
Cripps Hall and Lenton Hall (halls of residence) (1957-9)
Social sciences block
Crescent House and the Shakespeare Public House, Golden Lane Estate, City of London (1958-62)
Wood Street Police Station, City of London (1963-6)
Suffolk Record Office, Bury St Edmunds (1963-5)
New Shire Hall, Bury St Edmunds (1965)
South Block of the Central Criminal Court (Old Bailey), City of London (1965)
References
Sources
Edward Denison, Twentieth Century Architects: McMorran and Whitby London: RIBA Publishing, 2009
A. Peter Fawcett & Neil Jackson, Campus critique: the architecture of the University of Nottingham Nottingham: University of Nottingham, 1998
Royal Academicians
1904 births
1965 deaths
People educated at Harrow High School
20th-century English architects
Masters of the Art Worker's Guild
Fellows of the Royal Institute of British Architects
Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London
Neoclassical architects
People from Wallasey
New Classical architects | [
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11979466 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riede | Riede | Riede is a municipality in the district of Verden, in Lower Saxony, Germany.
References
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40816158 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revere%20Airport | Revere Airport | Revere Airport was an American airport located in Revere, Massachusetts. It was in operation from 1927 to 1961.
Revere Airport opened in 1927 as Muller Field. It was run by the newly formed Old Colony Airways Corporation.
In 1930, Old Colony Airways and Muller Field were acquired by Beacon Air Service, a company owned by John and Walter O'Toole.
In 1937 the name was changed to Riverside Field, however it was still referred to in many publications as Muller Field. In 1939, Muller Field was in consideration to be the site of Massachusetts' first state airport. However, Jeffery Field in East Boston was chosen instead. Two years later, Muller Field, Hanscom Field, and Norwood Memorial Airport were considered for the site of the state's auxiliary airport. Hanscom Field was ultimately chosen to be the auxiliary airport.
During World War II, the airport was closed for security reasons. Although not used as an airport, the Ford plant in Somerville, Massachusetts used the marshes near the airport to test tanks and armored cars.
In 1946 Riverside Field was purchased by Julius Goldman who reopened it as Revere Airport. In 1947 the airport began seaplane operations and blimp landings. Also that year the famed Goodyear Blimp landed at Revere Airport.
During the late 1950s, the airport began to shrink from its original 156 acres. Construction of the Northeast Expressway forced the airport to abandon one of its runways and made landing difficult on the other two. Seven of the original eleven hangars were sold to make way for industrial centers. Revere's high tax rate and the private airport's ineligibility for federal funds made it "economically unsound" for owner Julius Goldman to continue operations. On April 23, 1962, Revere Airport closed. The fifty aircraft that were based at the airport were relocated to Beverly Municipal Airport in Beverly, Massachusetts. Goldman's Revere Airways Inc. also relocated to Beverly, where it became Revere Aviations. The property was redeveloped in to the Northgate Shopping Center.
No buildings remain from the airport; the last was a hangar that became Sozio's furniture store on Squire Road, down the street from where the airport was located. This building was completely destroyed by fire on February 17, 2018.
References
Defunct airports in Massachusetts
Airports in Suffolk County, Massachusetts
Airports established in 1927
1962 disestablishments in Massachusetts
Revere, Massachusetts | [
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9003952 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimmo%20Kapanen | Kimmo Kapanen | Kimmo Kapanen (born September 12, 1974) is a retired Finnish professional ice hockey goaltender.
Kapanen played for several Finnish teams during his career including Ässät, HPK and KalPa. Kapanen also played in Sweden for Timrå IK and in Germany for Iserlohn Roosters.
Playing career
Kapanen started his career in 1992 playing for KalPa in SM-liiga. He played in Finland until 2001 when he moved to Timrå IK in the Swedish elite league Elitserien. He stayed with Timrå for three seasons and had his best season in 2003-04 when he was recorded for eight shutouts and 2.21 GAA.
From 2005 he returned to KalPa and played with them for two seasons. He only played 69 matches there due to several injuries.
On January 22, 2007, Kapanen was loaned to HV71 in Elitserien for the remainder of the season 2006-07. With only three games played for his new club, he injured his foot during a training session in the beginning of March, and was out for the entire 2006-07 playoffs.
After his loan, Kapanen was contracted to Ässät and played the 2007-08 season in Pori.
In 2008, Kapanen announced his retirement from playing due to injuries. He began working with SM Liiga Club KalPa until 2017. Following his resignation from Kalpa, he joined Acme World Sports as a player agent in May 2017.
Personal life
Kapanen is the younger brother of Sami Kapanen who retired from the NHL in 2008. His son, Oliver Kapanen is a professional ice hockey player for KalPa.
References
Web sites
External links
1974 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Vantaa
Finnish ice hockey goaltenders
Espoo Blues players
HIFK (ice hockey) players
HPK players
HV71 players
Iserlohn Roosters players
KalPa players
Timrå IK players
Ässät players | [
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] |
5419115 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrik%20Neij | Fredrik Neij | Hans Fredrik Lennart Neij (born 27 April 1978), alias TiAMO, is the co-founder of The Pirate Bay, and the Swedish Internet service provider and web hosting company PRQ. Neij was one of the defendants in The Pirate Bay Trial which began on 16 February 2009. He and other operators of The Pirate Bay were charged with assisting users in copyright infringing practices. His time during the aforementioned trial has been captured in the documentary film TPB AFK by Simon Klose.
Legal issues
On 17 April 2009, Neij was found guilty. He was sentenced to one year in prison and ordered to pay damages of $905,000.
In November 2014, Neij was arrested in Nong Khai on an Interpol warrant while attempting to cross the border from Laos to Thailand. Thai authorities stated that a US-based film association had a Thai lawyer search for Neij and aid in his capture. During his three years in Laos, he had reportedly crossed the border almost 30 times into Thailand, where he had a home on the resort island of Phuket. BayFiles, a Pirate Bay-affiliated file hosting website registered under Neij's name, was abruptly shut down after the arrest.
Neij served two-thirds (200 days) of a 10-month sentence in Skänninge Prison in central Sweden. He was released on 1 June 2015 and is planning to settle in Laos and work in IT.
References
External links
1978 births
The Pirate Bay
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Intellectual property activism
Copyright activists | [
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32725524 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atiavi | Atiavi | Atiavi is a town in the Volta Region of Ghana. The town is known for the Atiavi Secondary Technical School. The school is a second cycle institution.
References
Populated places in the Volta Region | [
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61973885 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrik%20Demj%C3%A9n | Patrik Demjén | Patrik Demjén (born 22 March 1998 in Esztergom) is a Hungarian football player who currently plays for Zalaegerszegi TE.
Career statistics
.
References
External links
Profile at MLSZ
Soccerway
1998 births
Living people
People from Esztergom
Hungarian footballers
Hungary youth international footballers
Association football goalkeepers
MTK Budapest FC players
Dorogi FC footballers
Budaörsi SC footballers
Zalaegerszegi TE players
Nemzeti Bajnokság I players | [
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8927182 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wingan%20Inlet | Wingan Inlet | Wingan Inlet is an inlet within the Croajingolong National Park, in the East Gippsland region of Victoria, Australia.
Features and location
The inlet covers a surface area of and is fed by the Wingan River and provides outflow to the Tasman Sea. It features a ranger-managed camping ground, about an hour's drive from the nearest town, Cann River, along a rough stretch of dirt road. The inlet and its surrounds are home to many species of marine life, including crabs, Sydney rock oysters and other shellfish, as well as birds and small mammals. Paralysis ticks, Lace Monitors and snakes are common.
The Wingan Point headland is located a few metres away from the inlet mouth.
History
Aboriginal history
The traditional custodians of the land surrounding Wingan Inlet are the Australian Aboriginal Bidawal and Nindi-Ngudjam Ngarigu Monero peoples.
European discovery
Wingan Inlet is of historical significance; James Cook clearly recorded the existence of the Inlet on his chart - while naming the nearby southern headland, Ram Head on Thursday, April 19, 1770.
George Bass took shelter from bad weather near the Inlet, on 20 January 1798 in a 28 feet (8.5 m) whaleboat he named Elizabeth - during his attempt to reach the wreck of the Sydney Cove; that was ran-aground on Preservation Island, in Bass Strait.
Wingan Inlet is the only significant geographical feature in the area, that could be described as a lagoon that could provide shelter for a small open boat. Otherwise Bass referred to the sheltered bay and beach area in front of Wingan Inlet, that was named Fly Cove by Bass.[5]
Bass' party lost an anchor in the Cove, before continuing to navigate to Wilson's Promontory where they made an attempt to cross Bass Striate to reach the Sydney Cove. Due to bad weather and a leaking boat, Bass was forced to return to the mainland and continued west where he discovered and examined Western Port.
On Bass' return voyage, they stopped at the lagoon near Cook's Ram Head to search, unsuccessfully for the whaleboat's anchor. Although Bass' expedition was unsuccessful in reaching the wreck of the Sydney Cove, due to weather and failing equipment. Upon his return to Sydney, Bass conveyed his observations of the tidal change along those parts of the coastline, and his belief of a strait separating The Mainland of Australia and Tasmania. Bass' speculations were confirmed in 1798–99, when he joined Mathew Flinders in the sloop Norfolk, when they circumnavigated Tasmania.
See also
East Gippsland Catchment Management Authority
Morris Kenneth, George Bass in Western Port Bibliography. .
Parkin Ray, H.M.Bark Endeavour. .
Matthew Flinders, A Voyage to Terra Australis. 1814.
Bowden, Keith.Macrae., George Bass (Oxford University press Melbourne, 1952)
Cargo for the Colony. The 1797 wreck of the merchant ship Sydney Cove. .
Cuthbertson Bern, In the wake of Bass and Flinders. .
Estensen Mirian, The Life of George Bass. .
References
External links
Croajingolong National Park
Inlets of Australia | [
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