Datasets:

jnlpba

like 8

[ "Viral", "gene", "expression", "may", "be", "reactivated", "by", "stimulation", "of", "the", "cells", "with", "LPS", "or", "cytokines", "such", "as", "TNF-alpha", "in", "vitro", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The", "effect", "of", "LPS", "and", "TNF-alpha", "is", "mediated", "by", "their", "ability", "to", "induce", "nuclear", "translocation", "of", "the", "DNA-binding", "heterodimer", "NF-kappa", "B", "(", "p50/p65", ")", ",", "which", "binds", "to", "a", "specific", "sequence", "in", "the", "HIV-long", "terminal", "repeat", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 9, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "The", "present", "study", "demonstrates", "that", "triggering", "of", "complement", "receptors", "CR1", "(", "CD35", ")", "and", "CR3", "(", "CD11b/CD18", ")", "enhances", "viral", "replication", "in", "HIV-infected", "human", "monocytic", "cells", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 6, 0 ]

[ "Monocytic", "cell", "lines", "and", "normal", "peripheral", "blood", "monocytes", "were", "infected", "with", "HIV-1", "in", "vitro", "and", "cultured", "in", "the", "presence", "or", "absence", "of", "F", "(", "ab", "'", ")", "2", "fragments", "of", "monoclonal", "anti-CR1", "or", "anti-CR3", "Abs", "or", "with", "C3", "fragments", "." ]

[ 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 9, 10, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0 ]

[ "Stimulation", "of", "CR1", "or", "CR3", "induces", "a", "two-", "to", "fourfold", "increase", "in", "the", "amount", "of", "cell-associated", "and", "released", "p24", "Ag", "in", "cell", "cultures", "that", "was", "equivalent", "to", "that", "observed", "in", "control", "cultures", "triggered", "with", "LPS", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "We", "further", "observed", "that", "stimulation", "of", "CR1", "or", "CR3", "induces", "the", "nuclear", "translocation", "of", "NF-kappa", "B", "p50/p65", "in", "infected", "cells", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 9, 0, 7, 8, 0 ]

[ "Translocation", "of", "NF-kappa", "B", "p50/p65", "was", "also", "observed", "following", "stimulation", "of", "CR1", "or", "CR3", "of", "uninfected", "peripheral", "blood", "monocytes", "from", "HIV-seronegative", "donors", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 9, 10, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The", "amount", "of", "protein", "translocated", "was", "similar", "to", "that", "observed", "when", "cells", "were", "stimulated", "with", "rhTNF-alpha", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0 ]

[ "TNF-alpha", "did", "not", "mediate", "the", "translocation", "of", "NF-kappa", "B", "p50/p65", "induced", "by", "triggering", "of", "complement", "receptors", "." ]

[ 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0 ]

[ "Taken", "together", ",", "these", "observations", "suggest", "that", "HIV", "gene", "expression", "may", "be", "activated", "in", "infected", "monocytes", "through", "interaction", "of", "the", "cells", "with", "complement-opsonized", "particles", "and", "that", "enhanced", "viral", "replication", "is", "associated", "with", "C3", "receptor", "-mediated", "nuclear", "translocation", "of", "the", "NF-kappa", "B", "complex", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0 ]

[ "Attenuation", "of", "gamma", "interferon", "-induced", "tyrosine", "phosphorylation", "in", "mononuclear", "phagocytes", "infected", "with", "Leishmania", "donovani", ":", "selective", "inhibition", "of", "signaling", "through", "Janus", "kinases", "and", "Stat1", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 9, 0 ]

[ "The", "induction", "of", "gene", "transcription", "in", "response", "to", "gamma", "interferon", "is", "impaired", "in", "mononuclear", "phagocytes", "infected", "with", "Leishmania", "donovani", ",", "and", "the", "mechanisms", "involved", "are", "not", "fully", "understood", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The", "changes", "in", "gene", "expression", "brought", "about", "by", "gamma", "interferon", "are", "thought", "to", "involve", "transient", "increases", "in", "the", "activities", "of", "cellular", "protein", "tyrosine", "kinases", ",", "including", "the", "Janus", "kinases", "Jak1", "and", "Jak2", ",", "leading", "to", "tyrosine", "phosphorylation", "of", "the", "transcription", "factor", "Stat1", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0 ]

[ "To", "investigate", "the", "mechanisms", "accounting", "for", "the", "impaired", "responses", "to", "gamma", "interferon", ",", "a", "model", "system", "for", "examining", "overall", "changes", "in", "protein", "tyrosine", "phosphorylation", ",", "activation", "of", "Jak1", "and", "Jak2", "and", "phosphorylation", "of", "Stat1", "was", "developed", "in", "phorbol", "12-myristate", "13-acetate-differentiated", "U-937", "cells", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 0 ]

[ "Analysis", "of", "whole-cell", "lysates", "by", "antiphosphotyrosine", "immunoblotting", "showed", "that", "incubation", "with", "gamma", "interferon", "brought", "about", "specific", "increases", "in", "phosphotyrosine", "labeling", "of", "several", "proteins", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Increased", "labeling", "of", "these", "proteins", "occurred", "to", "similar", "extents", "in", "control", "cells", "and", "in", "cells", "that", "had", "been", "infected", "with", "L.", "donovani", "for", "16", "h", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Jak1", ",", "Jak2", ",", "and", "Stat1", "were", "immunoprecipitated", "from", "control", "and", "interferon-treated", "cells", ",", "and", "tyrosine", "phosphorylation", "of", "these", "proteins", ",", "detected", "by", "antiphosphotyrosine", "immunoblotting", "was", "used", "to", "measured", "their", "activation", "." ]

[ 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Tyrosine", "phosphorylation", "of", "Jak1", ",", "Jak2", ",", "and", "Stat1", "increased", "markedly", ",", "in", "a", "dose-dependent", "manner", ",", "in", "U-937", "cells", "incubated", "with", "gamma", "interferon", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0 ]

[ "In", "contrast", ",", "in", "cells", "infected", "with", "L.", "donovani", ",", "tyrosine", "phosphorylation", "of", "Jak1", ",", "Jak2", ",", "and", "Stat1", "was", "markedly", "impaired", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "This", "effect", "was", "dependent", "upon", "the", "duration", "of", "exposure", "to", "L.", "donovani", "and", "was", "maximal", "and", "complete", "at", "16", "h", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Results", "similar", "to", "those", "observed", "with", "U-937", "cells", "were", "also", "obtained", "with", "human", "peripheral", "blood", "monocytes", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 0 ]

[ "These", "findings", "indicate", "that", "infection", "of", "human", "mononuclear", "phagocytes", "with", "L.", "donovani", "leads", "to", "impaired", "gamma", "interferon", "-mediated", "tyrosine", "phosphorylation", "and", "selective", "effects", "on", "the", "Jak-", "Stat1", "pathway", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0 ]

[ "Unresponsiveness", "to", "gamma", "interferon", "for", "activation", "of", "this", "pathway", "may", "explain", "impaired", "transcriptional", "responses", "in", "leishmania-infected", "cells", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0 ]

[ "Mutually", "exclusive", "interaction", "of", "a", "novel", "matrix", "attachment", "region", "binding", "protein", "and", "the", "NF-muNR", "enhancer", "repressor", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0 ]

[ "Implications", "for", "regulation", "of", "immunoglobulin", "heavy", "chain", "expression", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 0 ]

[ "The", "immunoglobulin", "heavy", "chain", "(", "IgH", ")", "intronic", "enhancer", "stimulates", "transcription", "from", "functional", "promoters", "in", "B", "lymphocytes", "but", "not", "other", "cell", "types", "." ]

[ 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The", "observation", "that", "binding", "sites", "for", "the", "nuclear", "factor-mu", "negative", "regulator", "(", "NF-muNR", ")", "enhancer", "repressor", "overlap", "nuclear", "matrix", "attachment", "regions", "(", "MARs", ")", "in", "this", "enhancer", "has", "lead", "to", "the", "hypothesis", "that", "the", "cell", "type", "specificity", "of", "the", "enhancer", "might", "be", "controlled", "by", "regulating", "nuclear", "matrix", "attachment", "(", "Scheuermann", ",", "R.", "H.", ",", "and", "Chen", ",", "U.", "(", "1989", ")", "Genes", "&", "Dev.", "3", ",", "1255-1266", ")", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "To", "understand", "the", "role", "of", "MARs", "in", "IgH", "enhancer", "regulation", ",", "we", "have", "identified", "a", "novel", "MAR-binding", "protein", ",", "MAR-BP1", ",", "from", "soluble", "nuclear", "matrix", "preparations", "based", "on", "its", "ability", "to", "bind", "to", "the", "MARs", "associated", "with", "the", "IgH", "enhancer", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0 ]

[ "Purified", "MAR-BP1", "migrates", "as", "a", "33-kDa", "protein", ",", "and", "it", "can", "be", "found", "in", "nuclear", "matrix", "preparations", "from", "a", "number", "of", "different", "types", "of", "lymphoid", "cell", "lines", "." ]

[ 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0 ]

[ "Although", "specific", "binding", "sites", "have", "been", "difficult", "to", "localize", "by", "chemical", "or", "enzymatic", "footprinting", "procedures", ",", "NF-muNR", "binding", "sites", "are", "critical", "for", "efficient", "MAR-BP1", "binding", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0 ]

[ "Indeed", ",", "binding", "of", "the", "IgH", "enhancer", "to", "either", "intact", "nuclear", "matrix", "preparations", "or", "to", "MAR-BP1", "is", "mutually", "exclusive", "to", "NF-muNR", "binding", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0 ]

[ "These", "results", "are", "consistent", "with", "a", "model", "for", "cell-type", "specific", "regulation", "in", "which", "binding", "of", "the", "NF-muNR", "repressor", "to", "the", "IgH", "enhancer", "prevents", "nuclear", "matrix", "attachment", "in", "inappropriate", "cells", "by", "interfering", "with", "MAR-BP1", "/enhancer", "interaction", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "PU.1", "(", "Spi-1", ")", "and", "C/EBP", "alpha", "regulate", "expression", "of", "the", "granulocyte-macrophage", "colony-stimulating", "factor", "receptor", "alpha", "gene", "." ]

[ 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Growth", "factor", "receptors", "play", "an", "important", "role", "in", "hematopoiesis", "." ]

[ 9, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "In", "order", "to", "further", "understand", "the", "mechanisms", "directing", "the", "expression", "of", "these", "key", "regulators", "of", "hematopoiesis", ",", "we", "initiated", "a", "study", "investigating", "the", "transcription", "factors", "activating", "the", "expression", "of", "the", "granulocyte-macrophage", "colony-stimulating", "factor", "(", "GM-CSF", ")", "receptor", "alpha", "gene", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Here", ",", "we", "demonstrate", "that", "the", "human", "GM-CSF", "receptor", "alpha", "promoter", "directs", "reporter", "gene", "activity", "in", "a", "tissue-specific", "fashion", "in", "myelomonocytic", "cells", ",", "which", "correlates", "with", "its", "expression", "pattern", "as", "analyzed", "by", "reverse", "transcription", "PCR", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The", "GM-CSF", "receptor", "alpha", "promoter", "contains", "an", "important", "functional", "site", "between", "positions", "-53", "and", "-41", "as", "identified", "by", "deletion", "analysis", "of", "reporter", "constructs", "." ]

[ 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0 ]

[ "We", "show", "that", "the", "myeloid", "and", "B", "cell", "transcription", "factor", "PU.1", "binds", "specifically", "to", "this", "site", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Furthermore", ",", "we", "demonstrate", "that", "a", "CCAAT", "site", "located", "upstream", "of", "the", "PU.1", "site", "between", "positions", "-70", "and", "-54", "is", "involved", "in", "positive-negative", "regulation", "of", "the", "GM-CSF", "receptor", "alpha", "promoter", "activity", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0 ]

[ "C/EBP", "alpha", "is", "the", "major", "CCAAT/enhancer-binding", "protein", "(", "C/EBP", ")", "form", "binding", "to", "this", "site", "in", "nuclear", "extracts", "of", "U937", "cells", "." ]

[ 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0 ]

[ "Point", "mutations", "of", "either", "the", "PU.1", "site", "or", "the", "C/EBP", "site", "that", "abolish", "the", "binding", "of", "the", "respective", "factors", "result", "in", "a", "significant", "decrease", "of", "GM-CSF", "receptor", "alpha", "promoter", "activity", "in", "myelomonocytic", "cells", "only", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0 ]

[ "Furthermore", ",", "we", "demonstrate", "that", "in", "myeloid", "and", "B", "cell", "extracts", ",", "PU.1", "forms", "a", "novel", ",", "specific", ",", "more", "slowly", "migrating", "complex", "(", "PU-SF", ")", "when", "binding", "the", "GM-CSF", "receptor", "alpha", "promoter", "PU.1", "site", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 1, 2, 0 ]

[ "This", "is", "the", "first", "demonstration", "of", "a", "specific", "interaction", "with", "PU.1", "on", "a", "myeloid", "PU.1", "binding", "site", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "The", "novel", "complex", "is", "distinct", "from", "that", "described", "previously", "as", "binding", "to", "B", "cell", "enhancer", "sites", "and", "can", "be", "formed", "by", "addition", "of", "PU.1", "to", "extracts", "from", "certain", "nonmyeloid", "cell", "types", "which", "do", "not", "express", "PU.1", ",", "including", "T", "cells", "and", "epithelial", "cells", ",", "but", "not", "from", "erythroid", "cells", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0 ]

[ "Furthermore", ",", "we", "demonstrate", "that", "the", "PU-SF", "complex", "binds", "to", "PU.1", "sites", "found", "on", "a", "number", "of", "myeloid", "promoters", ",", "and", "its", "formation", "requires", "an", "intact", "PU.1", "site", "adjacent", "to", "a", "single-stranded", "region", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Expression", "of", "PU.1", "in", "nonmyeloid", "cells", "can", "activate", "the", "GM-CSF", "receptor", "alpha", "promoter", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 9, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Deletion", "of", "the", "amino-terminal", "region", "of", "PU.1", "results", "in", "a", "failure", "to", "form", "the", "PU-SF", "complex", "and", "in", "a", "concomitant", "loss", "of", "transactivation", ",", "suggesting", "that", "formation", "of", "the", "PU-SF", "complex", "is", "of", "functional", "importance", "for", "the", "activity", "of", "the", "GM-CSF", "receptor", "alpha", "promoter", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "Finally", ",", "we", "demonstrate", "that", "C/EBP", "alpha", "can", "also", "active", "the", "GM-CSF", "receptor", "alpha", "promoter", "in", "nonmyeloid", "cells", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 0, 7, 8, 0 ]

[ "(", "ABSTRACT", "TRUNCATED", "AT", "400", "WORDS", ")" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "HMG-I", "binds", "to", "GATA", "motifs", ":", "implications", "for", "an", "HPFH", "syndrome", "." ]

[ 9, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "We", "have", "examined", "binding", "of", "the", "nuclear", "protein", "HMG-I", "to", "the", "human", "gamma-globin", "promoter", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 9, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0 ]

[ "We", "find", "that", "HMG-I", "binds", "preferentially", "to", "the", "more", "3", "'", "of", "a", "pair", "of", "GATA", "motifs", "in", "the", "gamma-globin", "promoter", ";", "this", "paired", "motif", "is", "bound", "by", "the", "erythroid", "factor", "GATA-1", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0 ]

[ "A", "naturally", "occurring", "mutation", "(", "-175", "T-C", ")", "in", "the", "area", "bound", "by", "HMG-I", "results", "in", "overexpression", "of", "gamma-globin", "in", "adult", "red", "blood", "cells", "(", "HPFH", ")", "and", "up-regulation", "of", "the", "gamma-globin", "promoter", "in", "in", "vitro", "expression", "assays", ";", "HMG-I", "does", "not", "bind", "to", "this", "mutant", "sequence", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0 ]

[ "A", "survey", "of", "GATA", "motifs", "from", "other", "globin", "cis-elements", "demonstrates", "HMG-I", "binding", "to", "most", "of", "them", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "These", "findings", "implicate", "HMG-I", "in", "the", "HPFH", "phenotype", ";", "we", "speculate", "that", "it", "may", "participate", "in", "the", "formation", "of", "multiprotein", "complexes", "that", "regulate", "globin", "gene", "expression", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Constitutive", "activation", "of", "different", "Jak", "tyrosine", "kinases", "in", "human", "T", "cell", "leukemia", "virus", "type", "1", "(", "HTLV-1", ")", "tax", "protein", "or", "virus-transformed", "cells", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 5, 6, 0 ]

[ "HTLV-1", "infection", "causes", "an", "adult", "T", "cell", "leukemia", "in", "humans", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The", "viral", "encoded", "protein", "tax", ",", "is", "thought", "to", "play", "an", "important", "role", "in", "oncogenesis", "." ]

[ 0, 9, 10, 10, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Our", "previous", "data", "obtained", "from", "a", "tax", "transgenic", "mouse", "model", "revealed", "that", "tax", "transforms", "mouse", "fibroblasts", "but", "not", "thymocytes", ",", "despite", "comparable", "levels", "of", "tax", "expression", "in", "both", "tissues", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Constitutive", "tyrosine", "phosphorylation", "of", "a", "130-kD", "protein", "(", "s", ")", "was", "observed", "in", "the", "tax", "transformed", "fibroblast", "B", "line", "and", "in", "HTLV-1", "transformed", "human", "lymphoid", "lines", ",", "but", "not", "in", "thymocytes", "from", "Thy-tax", "transgenic", "mice", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 5, 6, 6, 6, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Phosphotyrosine", "immunoprecipitation", "followed", "by", "Western", "blot", "analysis", "with", "a", "set", "of", "Jak", "kinase", "specific", "antibodies", ",", "identified", "p130", "as", "Jak2", "in", "the", "tax", "transformed", "mouse", "fibroblastic", "cell", "line", "and", "Jak3", "in", "HTLV-1", "transformed", "human", "T", "cell", "lines", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 5, 6, 6, 6, 0, 9, 0, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 0 ]

[ "Phosphorylation", "of", "Jak2", "in", "tax", "transformed", "cells", "resulted", "from", "high", "expression", "of", "IL-6", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 9, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Tyrosine", "phosphorylation", "of", "this", "protein", "could", "also", "be", "induced", "in", "Balb/c3T3", "cells", "using", "a", "supernatant", "from", "the", "B", "line", ",", "which", "was", "associated", "with", "induction", "of", "cell", "proliferation", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Both", "phosphorylation", "and", "proliferation", "were", "inhibited", "by", "IL-6", "neutralizing", "antibodies", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 10, 0 ]

[ "Constitutive", "phosphorylation", "of", "Jak", "kinases", "may", "facilitate", "tumor", "growth", "in", "both", "HTLV-1", "infected", "human", "T", "cells", "and", "the", "transgenic", "mouse", "model", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Regulation", "of", "c-jun", "mRNA", "expression", "by", "hydroxyurea", "in", "human", "K562", "cells", "during", "erythroid", "differentiation", "[", "published", "erratum", "appears", "in", "Biochim", "Biophys", "Acta", "1995", "Dec", "27", ";", "1264", "(", "3", ")", ":", "409", "]" ]

[ 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Hydroxyurea", "(", "HU", ")", "is", "an", "antitumor", "agent", "which", "also", "induces", "hemoglobinization", "during", "erythroid", "differentiation", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "In", "addition", ",", "HU", "stimulates", "the", "synthesis", "of", "fetal", "hemoglobin", "in", "sickle", "cell", "anemia", "patients", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "To", "further", "understand", "its", "mechanism", "of", "action", ",", "we", "investigated", "the", "effects", "of", "HU", "on", "regulation", "of", "c-jun", "expression", "prior", "to", "the", "onset", "of", "erythroid", "differentiation", "of", "K562", "cells", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0 ]

[ "HU", "induced", "a", "dose-dependent", "stimulation", "of", "c-jun", "synthesis", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ]

[ "The", "levels", "of", "c-jun", "mRNA", "was", "elevated", "4", "to", "7.5-fold", "by", "HU", "within", "2", "h", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "This", "was", "followed", "by", "a", "gradual", "decline", "to", "the", "basal", "level", "by", "24", "h", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Both", "nuclear", "run-on", "and", "actinomycin", "D", "pulse", "experiments", "strongly", "indicate", "that", "HU", "regulates", "c-jun", "mRNA", "expression", "by", "increasing", "the", "rate", "of", "synthesis", "as", "well", "as", "stabilizing", "the", "c-jun", "mRNA", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 4, 0 ]

[ "In", "addition", ",", "the", "level", "of", "jun", "protein", "was", "elevated", "by", "2", "to", "5-fold", "within", "4", "h", "in", "HU", "treated", "cells", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0 ]

[ "Furthermore", ",", "concentrations", "of", "HU", "below", "250", "microM", "slightly", "increased", "the", "5X", "AP-1", "/CAT", "activity", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 0, 0 ]

[ "These", "results", "strongly", "suggest", "that", "HU", "induces", "both", "transcriptional", "and", "post-transcription", "regulation", "of", "c-jun", "during", "erythroid", "differentiation", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "In", "vivo", "and", "in", "vitro", "effects", "of", "glucocorticoids", "on", "lymphocyte", "proliferation", "in", "man", ":", "relationship", "to", "glucocorticoid", "receptors", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0 ]

[ "Interrelations", "between", "the", "hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal", "system", "(", "HPA", ")", "and", "the", "immune", "system", "represent", "a", "well-documented", "biological", "phenomenon", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "While", "in", "vitro", "administration", "of", "glucocorticoids", "may", "inhibit", "concanavalin", "A", "(", "Con", "A", ")", "-", "and", "phytohemagglutinin", "(", "PHA", ")", "-induced", "T-cell", "proliferation", ",", "pokeweed", "mitogen", "(", "PWM", ")", "-driven", "B-cell", "mitogenesis", "is", "relatively", "resistant", "to", "glucocorticoids", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "To", "further", "explore", "the", "link", "between", "the", "HPA", "and", "the", "immune", "system", "in", "relation", "to", "glucocorticoid", "receptor", "function", ",", "dose-response", "curves", "were", "obtained", "for", "Con", "A", "-and", "PHA", "-induced", "T-cell", "mitogenesis", ",", "PWM", "-generated", "B-cell", "mitogenesis", "and", "spontaneous", "lymphocyte", "proliferation", "in", "13", "healthy", "controls", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Glucocorticoid", "effects", "were", "assessed", "in", "vivo", "by", "depletion", "of", "endogenous", "glucocorticoids", "after", "oral", "administration", "of", "1.5", "g", "metyrapone", "(", "MET", ")", "and", "subsequent", "glucocorticoid", "replacement", ",", "and", "in", "vitro", "by", "incubation", "of", "the", "cells", "with", "different", "doses", "of", "dexamethasone", "(", "DEX", ")", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "There", "was", "a", "significant", "decrease", "in", "PWM", "-induced", "B-cell", "mitogenesis", "and", "a", "more", "pronounced", "effect", "of", "DEX", "administered", "in", "vitro", "on", "spontaneous", "lymphocyte", "proliferation", "after", "MET", "treatment", "when", "compared", "with", "the", "DEX", "plus", "MET", "pretreated", "condition", "in", "vivo", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "These", "data", "suggest", "that", "the", "inhibition", "of", "spontaneous", "lymphocyte", "proliferation", "by", "glucocorticoids", "in", "vitro", "is", "related", "to", "glucocorticoid", "receptor", "function", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0 ]

[ "The", "decrease", "in", "PWM", "-generated", "B-cell", "proliferation", "following", "cortisol", "depletion", "by", "MET", "may", "be", "seen", "in", "connection", "with", "impaired", "glucocorticoid-mediated", "induction", "of", "interleukin-1", "receptor", "synthesis", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0 ]

[ "Transcription", "specific", "differences", "visualized", "by", "fluorescence", "in", "situ", "hybridization", "pattern", "on", "interphase", "nuclei", "of", "different", "cell", "types", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Application", "of", "a", "``", "formamide", "free", "''", "and", "thus", "``", "material", "preserving", "''", "in", "situ", "hybridization", "technique", "using", "the", "cDNA", "of", "the", "myf3", "gene", "revealed", "the", "following", "results", ":", "Human", "rhabdomyosarcoma", "cells", ",", "characterized", "by", "a", "high", "expression", "of", "myf3", "show", "intensive", "hybridization", "signals", "in", "their", "interphase", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "RNase", "treatment", "prior", "to", "hybridization", "considerably", "reduces", "the", "size", "of", "this", "signals", "." ]

[ 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "In", "comparison", ",", "isolated", "nuclei", "of", "human", "lymphocytes", "in", "which", "no", "need", "for", "the", "expression", "of", "this", "gene", "exists", ",", "show", "barely", "hybridization", "signals", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Correspondingly", ",", "RNase", "treatment", "had", "no", "effect", "on", "hybridization", "pattern", "at", "all", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "In", "conclusion", "an", "increased", "transcription", "efficiency", "of", "a", "cell", "type", "specific", "gene", "is", "accompanied", "by", "a", "higher", "hybridization", "accessibility", "in", "the", "corresponding", "cell", "nuclei", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Oncogenicity", "of", "human", "papillomavirus-", "or", "adenovirus-transformed", "cells", "correlates", "with", "resistance", "to", "lysis", "by", "natural", "killer", "cells", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 0 ]

[ "The", "reasons", "for", "the", "dissimilar", "oncogenicities", "of", "human", "adenoviruses", "and", "human", "papillomaviruses", "(", "HPV", ")", "in", "humans", "are", "unknown", "but", "may", "relate", "to", "differences", "in", "the", "capacities", "of", "the", "E1A", "and", "E7", "proteins", "to", "target", "cells", "for", "rejection", "by", "the", "host", "natural", "killer", "(", "NK", ")", "cell", "response", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 10, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0 ]

[ "As", "one", "test", "of", "this", "hypothesis", ",", "we", "compared", "the", "abilities", "of", "E1A", "-and", "E7", "-expressing", "human", "fibroblastic", "or", "keratinocyte-derived", "human", "cells", "to", "be", "selectively", "killed", "by", "either", "unstimulated", "or", "interferon", "(", "IFN", ")", "-activated", "NK", "cells", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 9, 0, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 0, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 0 ]

[ "Cells", "expressing", "the", "E1A", "oncoprotein", "were", "selectively", "killed", "by", "unstimulated", "NK", "cells", ",", "while", "the", "same", "parental", "cells", "but", "expressing", "the", "HPV", "type", "16", "(", "HPV-16", ")", "or", "HPV-18", "E7", "oncoprotein", "were", "resistant", "to", "NK", "cell", "lysis", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The", "ability", "of", "IFN-activated", "NK", "cells", "to", "selectively", "kill", "virally", "transformed", "cells", "depends", "on", "IFN", "'s", "ability", "to", "induce", "resistance", "to", "NK", "cell", "lysis", "in", "normal", "(", "i.e.", ",", "non-viral", "oncogene-expressing", ")", "but", "not", "virally", "transformed", "cells", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0 ]

[ "E1A", "blocked", "IFN", "'s", "induction", "of", "cytolytic", "resistance", ",", "resulting", "in", "the", "selective", "lysis", "of", "adenovirus-transformed", "cells", "by", "IFN-activated", "NK", "cells", "." ]

[ 9, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0 ]

[ "The", "extent", "of", "IFN", "-induced", "NK", "cell", "killing", "of", "E1A-expressing", "cells", "was", "proportional", "to", "the", "level", "of", "E1A", "expression", "and", "correlated", "with", "the", "ability", "of", "E1A", "to", "block", "IFN", "-stimulated", "gene", "expression", "in", "target", "cells", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0 ]

[ "In", "contrast", ",", "E7", "blocked", "neither", "IFN", "-stimulated", "gene", "expression", "nor", "IFN", "'s", "induction", "of", "cytolytic", "resistance", ",", "thereby", "precluding", "the", "selective", "lysis", "of", "HPV-transformed", "cells", "by", "IFN-activated", "NK", "cells", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 6, 0, 5, 6, 6, 0 ]

[ "In", "conclusion", ",", "E1A", "expression", "marks", "cells", "for", "destruction", "by", "the", "host", "NK", "cell", "response", ",", "whereas", "the", "E7", "oncoprotein", "lacks", "this", "activity", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Regulation", "of", "IkB", "alpha", "phosphorylation", "by", "PKC-", "and", "Ca", "(", "2+", ")", "-dependent", "signal", "transduction", "pathways", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 9, 10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]