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Of this amount, 750,187 hectares (or 49% of Māori land) are under the management of Māori corporations. | O tēnei rahinga, e 750,187 heketea (e 49% rānei o ngā whenua Māori) kei raro i ngā whakahaere o ngā kaporeihana Māori. |
Almost all corporations and a large number of agricultural conservation groups are involved in agricultural projects. | Tata ki te katoa o ngā kaporeihana me te rahinga o ngā rōpū kaitiaki ahuwhenua kei roto i ngā kaupapa ahuwhenua. |
Individual farmers | Ngā kaipāmu takitahi |
About 300,000 hectares (20% of Māori land) are not under the management of conservation groups or corporations. | Tata ki te e 300,000 heketea (e 20% o ngā whenua Māori) kīhai i raro i ngā whakahaere o ngā rōpū kaitiaki, o ngā kaporeihana rānei. |
If one of the stakeholders wants to live and work on the land, according to the law, the majority of the stakeholders, that is, those who own the land, must agree. | Ki te hiahia tētahi o te hunga whai pānga ki te noho me te mahi i runga i ngā whenua, e ai ki te ture, me whakaae te nuinga o te hunga whai pānga, arā, te hunga nō rātou te whenua. |
It is formally submitted through the Māori Land Court to issue a lease. | Ka tukuna ōkawatia mā roto i te Kōti Whenua Māori kia puta he rīhi. |
For countries with few stakeholders, it is easy to get their consent. | Mō ngā whenua he tokoiti te hunga whai pānga, he māmā noa te whai whakaaetanga i a rātou. |
However, for countries where there are hundreds or thousands of stakeholders, it is very difficult, and the establishment of guardian groups and corporations. | Heoi, mō ngā whenua ka hia rau, ka hia mano rānei te nui o te hunga whai pānga, he uaua rawa atu, whai anō te whakatūnga o ngā rōpū kaitiaki me ngā kaporeihana. |
Land use | Te whakamahi i te whenua |
In 1997 a survey was conducted of 633 Māori corporations and groups; 1.21 million hectares of Māori land are in agricultural purposes (80% of Māori land), 0.267 million hectares are planted with pine (18%), and the rest (28,000 hectares) are under investment projects in the cities. | Nō te tau 1997 whakahaerengia ai he rangahau o ngā kaporeihana me ngā rōpū kaitiaki Māori e 633; e 1.21 miriona heketea o ngā whenua Māori kei ngā kaupapa ahuwhenua (e 80% o ngā whenua Māori), 0.267 miriona heketea kua tipuria ki te paina (e 18%), ko te toenga (e 28,000 heketea) kei raro i ngā kaupapa haumi kei ngā tāone. |
The economic world | Te ao ōhanga |
Māori play an important role in New Zealand's agricultural economy. | He wāhi nui tō te Māori ki te ōhanga ahuwhenua o Aotearoa. |
In 2003, $750 million (5% of New Zealand's total) was worth $750 million (5% of New Zealand's total) from agricultural and tree-growing projects on Māori lands. | I te tau 2003, e $750 miriona (e 5% o te katoa o Aotearoa) te uara o ngā hua ka puta i ngā kaupapa ahuwhenua, whakatipu rākau kei ngā whenua tōpū Māori. |
In the early 2000s, 15% of sheep and beef exports came from Māori farms, and Māori owned $100 million in shares in the giant Fonterra. | I ngā tau tōmua o te rau tau 2000, e 15% o ngā hoko hipi, kiko kau ki tāwāhi i ahu mai i ngā pāmu Māori, ā, e $100 miriona te nui o ngā hea a te Māori i te kamupene nui whakaharahara a Fonterra. |
In the same year, 720,000 hectares of Māori land were farmed with sheep and cattle. | I taua tau anō, e 720,000 heketea ngā whenua Māori i te pāmu i te hipi me te kau. |
Page 3. | Whārangi 3. |
Trustees and corporations | Ngā rōpū kaitiaki me ngā kaporeihana |
Agricultural guardians and Māori corporations | Ngā kaitiaki ahuwhenua me ngā kaporeihana Māori |
Kaitiaki whenua and Māori corporations are the structures that manage Māori land interests. | Ko ngā kaitiaki whenua me ngā kaporeihana Māori ngā hanganga whakahaere i ngā pānga whenua o te Māori. |
In 2008, 129 Māori corporations and 5,201 agricultural conservation groups managed 66% of Māori land. | I te tau 2008, e 129 ngā kaporeihana Māori, e 5,201 ngā rōpū kaitiaki ahuwhenua, ka whakahaere i te e 66% o ngā whenua Māori. |
Agricultural conservation groups are happy, because stakeholders retain their position as stakeholders. | Rawea ai ngā rōpū kaitiaki ahuwhenua, nā te mea ka puritia e te hunga whai pānga tō rātou tūranga hei hunga whai pānga. |
In the case of corporations, stakeholders become shareholders and receive interest on their shares. | Mō te taha ki ngā kaporeihana, ka noho te hunga whai pānga hei kaipupuri hea, ka whiwhi pānga i runga i ā rātou hea. |
Due to the creation of laws in recent years, the groups of agricultural guardians are allowed to manage themselves in commercial ways if they want, and the customs of guardianship will also change. | Nō ngā hanganga ture o ngā tau tata nei, whakaaetia ai ngā rōpū kaitiaki ahuwhenua te whakahaere i a rātou i runga i ngā ara arumoni ki te hiahia rātou, ka panoni hoki ngā ritenga o te kaitiakitanga. |
Corporation farmer | Kaipāmu kaporeihana |
Most Māori land is managed under a group of trustees or a management committee. | Ka whakahaerengia ai te nuinga o ngā whenua Māori i raro i tētahi rōpū kaitiaki, tētahi komiti whakahaere rānei. |
This is in contrast to most of the agricultural sector, where a single man and his family own their own farm. | He rerekē tēnei ki te nuinga o te rāngai ahuwhenua, arā, ko te tangata kotahi me tōna whānau i tōna ake pāmu. |
Most Māori farming is under the control of Kaipāmu corporations - the stakeholders are not working on their land, they have already trained workers to do the work. | Ko te nuinga o ngā mahi ahuwhenua Māori kei raro i ngā Kaipāmu kaporeihana – kīhai te hunga whai pānga i te mahi i ō rātou whenua, kua oti kē te whakarite kaimahi ki ngā mahi. |
There are different pressures on Māori agriculture in terms of ownership, management and access to resources. | He rerekē ngā taumahatanga kei ringa i te ahuwhenua Māori e pā ana ki te mana, te whakahaere, te āheinga ki ngā haupū rawa. |
Land ownership | Mana whenua |
Most of those who have an interest in Māori land do not live on the land. | Ko te nuinga o te hunga whai pānga ki ngā whenua Māori kīhai e noho ana ki te whenua. |
Because of this there will be some situations that will affect the administration and power of the lands. | Nā tēnei ka puea ētahi āhuatanga ka pā ki te whakahaere me te mana i ngā whenua. |
Most of those with Māori interests do not live on their native lands, or do not make a living on those lands. | E kore te nuinga o te hunga whai pānga Māori e noho ki runga i ō rātou whenua tōpū, kīhai rānei e whai oranga i aua whenua. |
However, attachment to the land plays an important role in Māori identity. | Heoi, he wāhi nui tō te pānga ki te whenua ki te tuakiri Māori. |
The earth is the foothold of man. | Ko te whenua te tūrangawaewae o te tangata. |
Because the land is a commodity, the stakeholders do not want to do anything with the land, lest the land be lost. | Nā te mea he kāmehameha te whenua, kīhai te hunga whai pānga e mahi heahea me te whenua, kei ngaro atu te whenua. |
Stakeholders believe that social and cultural goals should be promoted alongside commercial goals. | Whakapono ai te hunga whai pānga me whakatairanga ngā whāinga hapori me ngā whāinga ahurea ki te taha o ngā whāinga arumoni. |
Management and decision making | Te whakahaere me te whakatau kaupapa |
Most of the people who get on boards and committees come from stakeholders. | Ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata ka eke ki ngā poari me ngā komiti ka ahu mai i te hunga whai pānga. |
Proactive representatives are elected on the basis of a partisan system, and the committee often reflects the interests of each whānau trying to maintain the power of the party. | Ka pōtitia ngā māngai whai mana kōkiri i runga i ngā tikanga manapouri, ā, i te nuinga o te wā ka whakaata te komiti i ngā pānga o tēnā whānau, o tēnā whānau e ngana ana kia pupuri i te mana o te rōpū. |
If the leadership and management do not have the right experience, this will affect the smooth running of the trustees or the corporation. | Ki te kore e whai wheako tika te taha ārahi me te taha whakahaere, ka pā tēnei ki te pai o te haere o te rōpū kaitiaki, te kaporeihana rānei. |
Too bad | Haupū rawa |
It is difficult for groups to access resources to improve the land. | He uaua ki ngā rōpū te whātoro ki ngā haupū rawa hei whakapai i ngā whenua. |
It should be said that, in most cases, the interest of those concerned is to go slowly and not to take too many debts. | Me kī, i te nuinga o te wā, ko te hiahia o te hunga whai pānga kia āta haere, kia kaua e nui ngā nama. |
Because of the complexity of the people who have an interest in Māori land, banks are reluctant to grant loans with Māori land as collateral. | Nā te whīwhiwhi o ngā tāngata ka whai pānga ki te whenua Māori, kīhai e rata ngā pēke te tuku pūtea taurewa ko te whenua Māori hei tuarā. |
If the manager of a Māori land does not have business management experience, it will be very difficult to find funding to support activities on the land. | Mēnā kīhai te kaiwhakahaere o tētahi whenua Māori e whai wheako whakahaere umanga, ka uaua rawa atu te rapu pūtea āwhina hei hāpai i ngā mahi i runga i te whenua. |
Benefits in companies | Ngā painga i ngā kamupene |
In recent years, the Māori Land Court has supported company structures under the Companies Act 1993, to clearly separate land ownership from corporate purposes. | Nō ngā tau tata nei, kua hāpai te Kōti Whenua Māori i ngā hanganga kamupene i raro i te Ture Kamupene 1993, hei āta wehe i te mana whenua mai i ngā kaupapa umanga. |
Under the company structure, it is necessary to carefully separate the commercial goals from the social and cultural goals, and to establish a process of analyzing the efficiency of the activities. | Ka tareka i raro i te hanganga kamupene te āta wehe i ngā whāinga arumoni mai i ngā whāinga hapori me ngā whāinga ahurea, te whakatū hoki i tētahi hātepe tātari i te pai o ngā mahi. |
The commercial objectives of the company structure can be clearly defined and reviewed. | Ka taea te whakatakoto i ngā whāinga arumoni o te hanganga kamupene kia mārama, kia pai ai te arotake. |
By electing a board of directors - elected based on their business experience - the responsibilities of each are clear. | Mā te pōti i tētahi poari whakahaere – ka pōtitia i runga i ō rātou wheako kaipakihi – ka mārama ngā kawenga o tēnā, o tēnā. |
Page 4. | Whārangi 4. |
Corporations and agricultural groups | Ngā kaporeihana me ngā rōpū ahuwhenua |
The place to Apirana Ngata | Te wāhi ki a Āpirana Ngata |
Āpirana Ngata played an important role in the establishment of a national program that would consolidate Māori land and free up funds for land use. | He wāhi nui tō Āpirana Ngata i te whakatūnga o tētahi kaupapa ā-motu ka whakahuihui i ngā whenua Māori, ka whakawātea hoki i ngā pūtea hei whakamahi i te whenua. |
Ngata's plans were successful because his tribe of Ngāti Porou had been farming in the East Coast for a long time, as well as his knowledge of European law. | I angitu ngā kaupapa a Ngata nā te mea kua roa kē tōna iwi o Ngāti Porou e mahi pāmu ana i Te Tai Rāwhiti, tāpae atu ki tōna matatau ki te ture Pākehā. |
Ngāti Porou farm sheep | Ka pāmu hipi a Ngāti Porou |
In 1900, Āpirana Ngata worked on a sheep farm in the East Coast, where he was the manager of the Ahikouka station and three other stations. | Atu i tau 1900, ka wānanga a Āpirana Ngata i te pāmu hipi ki Te Tai Rāwhiti, inarā koia te kaiwhakahaere o te teihana o Ahikouka me ngā teihana e toru atu. |
Since the end of the 1800s, the sheep farms of leaders such as Rabata Wahawaha and Mokena Kōhere have been fruitful in the valleys; however, by putting management in place, the sheep farm will be better. | Mai anō i te paunga o te rau tau 1800, ka hua ngā mahi hipi a ngā rangatira pērā i a Rāpata Wahawaha rāua ko Mōkena Kōhere ki ngā raorao; heoi, mā te whakatakoto tikanga whakahaere, ka pai atu ai te pāmu hipi. |
At that time the farmers of Ngāti Porou established a Kotahitanga o Kaipāmu o Ngāti Porou. | I taua wā ka whakatūria e ngā kaipāmu o Ngāti Porou tētahi Kotahitanga o ngā Kaipāmu o Ngāti Porou. |
Ngata turned to teaching his people Ngāti Porou new farming techniques, that is, building fences, moving animals, growing plants. | Ka tahuri a Ngata ki te ako i tōna iwi a Ngāti Porou ki ngā tikanga pāmu hou, arā, te whakatū taiepa, te nekeneke i ngā kararehe, te whakatipu otaota. |
Ngata received financial assistance from the farmers of Ngāti Porou, from his friend Samuel Williams, who founded Te Aute College. | Ka whai pūtea āwhina a Ngata mā ngā kaipāmu o Ngāti Porou, i tōna hoa a Samuel Williams, nāna nei te kāreti o Te Aute i whakatū. |
The sheep farm spread to the Waiapu valley, led by Āpirana Ngata. | Ka hōrapa te pāmu hipi ki te riu o Waiapu, ko Āpirana Ngata i te ārahi. |
The number of sheep increased from 52,786 in 1900, to 65,619 in 1905, to 132,356 in 1909. | Ka piki te rahi o te hipi mai i te e 52,786 i te tau 1900, ki te e 65,619 i te tau 1905, ki te e 132,356 i te tau 1909. |
By 1927, Ngāti Porou had 500,000 sheep. | Kia tae ki te tau 1927, e 500,000 ngā hipi a Ngāti Porou. |
Ngāti Porou's dairy | Te miraka kau a Ngāti Porou |
In 1923, Ngata searched for good land for dairying. | Nō te tau 1923, ka rapu a Ngata i ngā whenua pai mō te miraka kau. |
It must be difficult for Ngāti Porou farmers to convert from sheep farming to dairy farming, when they have been farming sheep for 30 years. | Me uaua te tahuri i ngā kaipāmu o Ngāti Porou mai i te pāmu hipi ki te miraka kau, inarā kua pau te e 30 tau e pāmu hipi ana rātou. |
Loans from the Māori Trust to set up a milk factory, to buy cows, to make milk shirts, and to launch the Ngāti Porou Cow Milk Company. | Ka pūtea taurewa i te Kaitiaki Māori hei whakatū wheketere miraka, hei hoko kau, hei hanga hēte miraka, hei whakatere hoki i te Kamupene Miraka Kau o Ngāti Porou. |
For the year 1925/26, the factory in Ruatória produced 60 tons of butter. | Mō te tau 1925/26, e 60 tana te nui o te pata i hua i te wheketere i Ruatōria. |
In 1931/32 butter reached 460 tons. | I te tau 1931/32 ka eke te pata ki te e 460 tana. |
However, dairy production declined after the second world war; the factory closed in 1954. | Heoi, ka paheke te miraka kau whai muri i te pakanga tuarua o te ao; nō te tau 1954 ka kati te wheketere. |
Large corporations | Ngā kaporeihana nui |
Some of the big Māori corporations have too much farming. | Ka nui rawa ngā mahi pāmu a ētahi o ngā kaporeihana Māori nui. |
The Parininihi Corporation is based in Taranaki and Waitotara. | Kei Taranaki te Kaporeihana o Parininihi ki Waitōtara. |
The corporation has 13 dairy farms and 8,000 cows on 2,500 hectares of fertile land. | 13 ngā pāmu miraka, 8,000 ngā kau a te kaporeihana ki runga i te whenua haumako e 2,500 heketea te rahi. |
In 2008, the corporation was valued at $50 million in Taranaki, with over 20,000 hectares still under lease. | I te tau 2008, e $50 miriona te uara o te kaporeihana i roto o Taranaki, neke atu i te 20,000 heketea kei te rīhitia tonutia. |
The Atihau-Whanganui corporation was established in 1970 to manage 40,873 hectares of land. | Nō te tau 1970 whakatūria ai te kaporeihana a Atihau-Whanganui, ki te whakahaere i ngā whenua e 40,873 heketea te nui. |
In the early 2000s, ten stations and one dairy farm were under the management of the corporation for 7,072 stakeholders. | I ngā tau tōmua o te rau tau 2000, tekau ngā teihana, kotahi te pāmu miraka kau i raro i te whakahaere a te kaporeihana mō te hunga whai pānga e 7,072. |
One of the stations is Pah Hill, which covers 1,900 hectares and has 20,800 sheep and cattle. | Tērā tētahi o ngā teihana ko Pah Hill, e 1,900 heketea te nui, e 20,800 ngā hipi me ngā kau. |
The Wairarapa Moana Corporation, in the early 2000s, had $90 million worth of products, mostly pine trees and agriculture. | Tērā te Kaporeihana o Wairarapa Moana, i ngā tau tōmua o te rau tau 2000, e $90 miriona te uara o ngā hua, ko te nuinga i ngā paina rākau me ngā ahuwhenua. |
There are 4,200 hectares of farmland, that is, 12 dairy farms and a sheep and cattle station totaling 1,325 hectares. | E 4,200 heketea i ngā whenua pāmu, arā, e 12 ngā pāmu miraka kau me te teihana hipi, kau e 1,325 heketea te nui. |
The dairy farms milk 7,200 cows and produce 2.3 million cubic meters of milk annually. | Ko ngā hea-miraka ka miraka i ngā kau e 7,200, e 2.3 miriona koma-mano te hua miraka ia tau. |
Moerangi station is owned by Puketapu 3A Trust. | Ko Puketapu 3A Trust ngā rangatira o te teihana o Moerangi. |
The total area of the station is 3,877 hectares, of which 2,159 hectares are suitable for agriculture. | E 3,877 heketea te nui o te teihana, e 2,159 heketea ka pai mō te ahuwhenua. |
In 2008, there were 13,200 sheep, 1,200 cattle, about 2,000 deer, and 500 goats. | I te tau 2008, e 13,200 ngā hipi, e 1,200 ngā kau, tata ki te e 2,000 ngā tia, e 500 ngā nanekoti. |
Many New Zealanders were born overseas. | He tini ngā tāngata o Aotearoa i whānau ki tāwāhi. |
In the 2000s, New Zealand again became a country of many origins. | Nā whai anō he whenua takenga maha a Aotearoa i tēnei te rau tau 2000. |
Immigrants came from Asia, the Pacific, Europe and, of course, all over the world. | I ahu mai ngā manene i Āhia, Te Moananui-a-Kiwa, Ūropi, me kī, ngā pito katoa o te ao. |
This country has changed since the time when the people were only Māori and Pākehā. | Kua rerekē tēnei whenua mai i te wā ko te Māori me te Pākehā anake ngā tāngata. |
However, Māori and European culture still play an important role in New Zealand. | Heoi, he wāhi nui tonu kei ngā tikanga a te Māori me te Pākehā ki Aotearoa. |
A summary | He korero whakarapopoto |
The people of New Zealand | Te iwi o Aotearoa |
New Zealand has a population of just over four million people; 75% are European; most of their ancestors came from England, Scotland and Ireland. | Kō atu i te whā miriona tāngata te taupori o Aotearoa; e 75 % he Pākehā; i ahu mai te nuinga o ō rātou tīpuna i Ingarangi, Koterana me Airana. |
Other immigrants who came in the 1800s came from Europe, China, India, and Italy. | Ko ētahi atu manene i haere mai i te rau tau 1800 nō Ūropi, nō Haina, nō Īnia, nō Itari. |
Today, there are many people from the Pacific and Asia. | I ēnei rā, he nui ngā tāngata mai Te Moananui-a-Kiwa me Āhia. |
The Māori population is over 500,000. | Neke atu i te e 500,000 te taupori Māori. |
They are the natives of these islands. | Ko rātou te tangata whenua o ēnei motu. |
Māori came from the Pacific. | I haere mai te Māori i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa. |
Around the turn of the century, 1200 of them arrived here by boat. | Nō te takiwā o te rau tau atu i 1200 rātou tae mai ai ki konei mā runga waka. |
Seats | Ngā nohoanga |