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LA122190-0045_7

COLUMN ONE; 50 YEARS OF MOVING HISTORY; THE PASADENA FREEWAY, A FIRST IN THE WEST, APPROACHES ITS GOLDEN ANNIVERSARY AS A MARVEL OF ITS AGE -- AND WITH A BETTER SAFETY RECORD THAN MANY OF ITS MODERN COUNTERPARTS.

. . It gets tighter as you get into it, and you've got to constantly reduce your speed or you wash out." Median About four feet wide, the median in 1940 was pleasingly landscaped with shrubs, to screen out the glare of opposing headlights and "so nobody would have a head-on collision," the designers noted with naive assurance. Naturally, the early smash ups were gory head-on affairs, cars leaping across that scant four feet. Most medians today are as much as 30 feet wide. Trucks Almost alone among freeways, no trucks more than three tons are allowed, though out-of-state truckers who see only a freeway line on the map sometimes get stuck on it. For a time in the early 1950s, the freeway was opened to trucks after a truck driver appealed his conviction. But the weight restriction was reinstituted, and has held up. So -- mostly because of the truck ban- has the pavement. Regulars Because it begins on a Pasadena street, and is not fully a part of the great tributary flow of freeways, it lacks much through traffic, says Jerry Baxter, district director for Caltrans. "You take the Santa Ana, Golden State, Ventura -- there's a lot of interstate traffic on those. The Pasadena is mostly local people." Safety With local drivers perhaps intimidated by the road's limitations into behaving themselves, the Pasadena Freeway does a bit better than its old roadbed might suggest. Its accident rate, says Caltrans, is 1.84 -- meaning 1.84 reportable accidents for every million vehicle miles traveled. That is higher than, say, the Long Beach Freeway, but lower than stretches of Interstate 5. In workaday terms, says Caltrans' Gary Bork, chief of the traffic operations branch: "I would say someone could travel the total length of that Pasadena Freeway every (work)day for 61 years and shouldn't expect to be in an accident" of reportable size. Compare that to an average of 8 or 10 years of accident-free driving on city streets. Speed With all those Le Mans curves curling out in front of your hood ornament, there are times on the drive to work, says commuter Blanca Dalziel, that "I sort of pretend I'm a race car driver. Not going 100 miles an hour but. . . ." We're conditioned to it -- when the signs say "freeway," the pulse says 65. But the Pasadena tends to enforce itself. When "some guy

LA122190-0058_0

BUS-TRAIN CRASH KILLS 40

December 21, 1990, Friday, Home Edition More than 40 people were killed and 14 injured when a train crashed into a bus in southern Taiwan on Thursday, police said. They said the crash, at a level crossing about 20 miles north of the port of Kaohsiung, was apparently caused by the failure of a safety barrier to come down.

LA122190-0075_0

HONORS FOR THE UNSUNG HEROES OF HUMAN RIGHTS

December 21, 1990, Friday, Home Edition The people who packed the ballroom of the Park Plaza hotel got to see Joan Baez, Peter Gabriel, Bonnie Raitt and Jackson Browne. They heard Kerry Kennedy Cuomo quote her father, the late Robert F. Kennedy. But they had come not for celebrities but for Akram Mayi, Sha'Wan Jabarin and David Moya -- men few Americans have heard of. The three were honored by Reebok International for fighting on the front lines of the human rights movement. Mayi, 29, works on behalf of thousands of fellow Kurds held in Turkish detention camps; Jabarin, 30, is a Palestinian human rights worker on the West Bank, and Moya, 24, has advocated reforms in Cuba since he was in high school. For three years, Reebok has recognized young people who, "against great odds," significantly raised awareness of human rights violations. The company received a record 60 nominations this year. The top winners, who were selected by a panel of human rights representatives, each received $25,000. Moya was released from prison last month, but was not permitted to attend last week's awards ceremony. Many Westerners may have been surprised when Iraq invaded Kuwait. But not Akram Mayi and the 25 million other Kurds worldwide. "Nothing of what Saddam Hussein did in Kuwait could surprise us," said Mayi, named for May, his family's native town in Kurdistan, a mountainous region in northern Iraq that includes border regions of the Soviet Union, Iran, Syria and Turkey. "For many years we are talking about Saddam Hussein -- what he did, how he killed thousands of people daily, burned Kurdistan, destroyed villages, bombed us with chemicals," Mayi said. "But no one listened. No one believed." Mayi was born in Baghdad in 1961, two months before the people of Kurdistan started a rebellion against Iraq. As a child, Mayi often returned to his family's village, and while studying agriculture at the state-run university in Baghdad, determined he would "spend all of my life in the villages of Kurdistan." But "before I completed my studies, the Iraqi regime destroyed my village." Saddam Hussein viewed the rebellious Kurds as his enemy, Mayi said. "It was the aim of his regime to remove the geography of Kurdistan from the map." Between 4,000 and 4,500 Kurdish villages were bulldozed at the time that his own village was destroyed, Mayi said. Mayi completed his university studies in 1983.

LA122190-0075_2

HONORS FOR THE UNSUNG HEROES OF HUMAN RIGHTS

He moved to an area in Iraq where many of the displaced Kurds had resettled and began teaching agricultural techniques to adults, and reading and writing to children. Then, in 1988, the Iraqi government used chemical weapons to bomb the remaining villages of Kurdistan. In a single day in March, Mayi said, more than 5,000 civilians were killed and more than 6,000 injured. Additional chemical bombings in August of that year killed thousands more. "The Iraqi government effectively declared war on its own people," Mayi said. A day after the bombing stopped in August, Mayi visited three of the villages that had been hit. "I saw in each village a lot of people who were killed. I saw them as if they were sleeping," he said. "I saw all the animals -- the cows, the sheep, the goats -- all dead, like stones. I saw the birds. All died. I saw the color of the plants, changed from green to dark blue." After that, Mayi said, many Kurds began trying to escape Iraq, "traveling to some places near the eastern border of Turkey." Despite government roadblocks, about 80,000-100,000 Kurds reached the Turkish border, "by walking, only by walking," Mayi said. Others, injured by the chemicals, tried to make the journey, but died along the way. "Nobody could take them," Mayi said. Half of those who made it into Turkey were sent to Iran, he said. The remainder, including Mayi, were divided into three camps. Mayi, an elected official in one camp, calls them concentration camps. In Mardin camp, nearly 12,000 people live in tents that fail to block the sun or the rain, Mayi said. Mayi is a council member in Diyarbakir camp, where from 25 to 30 people live in each 40-square-meter flat. Mush camp houses its nearly 5,000 internees in buildings "better than Mardin and worse than Diyarbakir," said Mayi, who in his role as a council member acts as a liaison between the Kurdish refugees and Turkish officials. Short and compact, wearing a bright cummerbund and a colorful scarf twisted into a turban, Mayi looks older than his 29 years. His large brown eyes seem tired, as if they have seen too much. He said one reason he has not married or had children is that having a family might keep him from his pro-Kurdish activities. He has been threatened, beaten and isolated, he said. Journalists or

LA122190-0076_2

FIRST PERSON: WATCHING THE DAWN OF A DEMOCRATIC DAY IN HAITI

about Papa Doc and Baby Doc. They wanted free, fair and open elections where the government would be chosen by ballots, not bullets. In October, more than 80% of the eligible voters had registered and now it was time to put up or shut up. Would there be violence? Would the mere threat of violence keep people away? Would the government even allow the elections to take place? All of these were very real questions as we awoke at 4:30 on Election Morning and prepared to spread out across the country to observe the unfolding drama. I had done my homework. I'd attended all the briefings by the U.S. State Department officials, the U.S. Embassy officials, the Haitian election officials and had read my briefing book from cover to cover. I knew the names of the players and the rules of the game. I knew that all the observers had been invited by the Haitian government to watch the process and to report any irregularities. Our special badges allowed us access to any voting area, but only as an observer, not as an actual official. Being "briefed" was one thing; what I witnessed firsthand was another. I had been assigned to one of the slums of Port-au-Prince. Even now, it is very hard for me to explain how I felt when I first saw the lines. The lines that stretched around city blocks and out into the dusty streets. The lines that were so tightly packed that you couldn't see daylight through them. Lines containing 18-year-olds voting for the first time and 80-year-olds voting for the first time. Lines full of people dressed in their Sunday best. Lines that formed hours before the polls opened at 6 a.m. Some polling places were as much as eight hours late in opening because of a lack of ballot materials. But during all those hours, the lines didn't budge. No one left. Port-au-Prince has some of the worst slums in the world, and on Election Day those slums had the longest, straightest lines. Lines filled with people imbued with a sense of dignity and determination to stand -- however long -- and be counted. You could see it in their eyes. You could feel it. It was like that all day, all over the country. And after they voted and had their thumbs dipped in bright purple ink by election officials to show

LA122190-0107_1

PANEL FINDS NO ANSWERS FOR SLIDE IN COUNTY SAT SCORES

District in North County, said Thursday. "So we say simply that (over the long-run), kids are going to have to study harder and need to read more, and need to discuss more of what they read, and their reading needs to be of good quality, and they need to have homework related to what is being done in class," Berrier said. "And parents and the community have a role to play as well." Berrier and his colleagues noted that the CAP test concentrates on vocabulary and reading comprehension, by asking students questions about a reading passage, and measures concepts that instructors throughout California consider important to teach in state public schools. The SAT lists its vocabulary questions one after another without reference to an excerpt or literary passage, and measures reading comprehension and more general verbal knowledge with text materials not necessarily used in a classroom setting. Berrier said that, although all 12th-grade students take the CAP tests, only about 40% of the seniors -- those thinking about attending college -- take the SAT. But it is too early to conclude that the particular performance of college-bound students, those who take the SAT, is falling at the same time that the overall basic academic performance among the general student population is increasing, Berrier said. Berrier's group wants all teachers, not just those in the English department, to take a stronger role in developing reading and writing skills. It suggested that English teachers develop students' abilities to reason better by concentrating on shorter, more difficult texts rather than by superficially presenting longer works. "It's a broad responsibility, and we have to keep working at it," Berrier said, while not discounting the improvements that he and other educators believe have been made during the past five years. The commission also recommended that school districts make available to their students special short-term SAT preparatory, or "test-wise," courses that help students become familiar with a test's format. "There are advantages to knowing what a test's (form) is going to look like," Berrier said. Because CAP tests are given at several grade levels and measure knowledge that is part of state curriculum guides, students are more familiar with its format, he said. In addition, the CAP scores are not reported for individual students, as are SAT results, but only for schools and districts, so some students may not feel as much pressure when taking CAP.

LA122190-0121_4

SMALL BUSINESS / JANE APPLEGATE: INSURING TO KEEP BUSINESS GOING; ENTREPRENEURS ARE RELUCTANT TO THINK ABOUT PERSONAL INJURY, AND PERSUADING THEM TO BUY DISABILITY INSURANCE IS TOUGH, AGENTS SAY.

coverage because claims here have "gone through the roof." Californians tend to file an extraordinarily high number of disability claims stemming from mental stress and drug abuse. Normally, disability benefits are tax-fee. But if your company pays for the premium and takes a tax deduction for the expense, your benefits will be taxed. To avoid this, most insurance planners recommend paying for the policy with personal funds. It is also important to make sure the policy covers your specific occupation, not just any occupation. This means if you are president of a tool manufacturing company and you suffer a heart attack that prevents you from doing your old job, you can still be paid your benefits even if you take up a less-taxing, lower-paying occupation later. Although it's cheaper to buy a policy that provides benefits to age 65, Lerner recommends paying a bit extra for a policy that provides lifetime benefits. Meanwhile, Bob Page is fully recovered and busy running his growing company. Since his accident, Page increased his own disability benefits coverage to $5,000 a month and recently purchased long- and short-term disability coverage for his 160 workers. BUYING DISABILITY INSURANCE * Figure out how much money you need to cover all your personal, monthly expenses. * Obtain estimates from several different insurance carriers. * Check the financial stability and strength of the company you choose to deal with. * Although it costs more, it pays to buy a policy providing lifetime benefits. * Consider buying business interruption coverage to further protect your business from collapsing after a disaster. DISABILITY INSURANCE: THE NUMBERS Disability insurance is cheaper than you think. Here are premium estimates for a hypothetical small-business owner who is 35 and a nonsmoker. He or she owns a retail store and has some supervisory duties. These premiums are for a basic policy that pays benefits until age 65. The individual pays the policy and must wait 90 days for the benefits to go into effect. Annual gross income Basic monthly benefit Annual premium $30,000 $1,850 $757 $60,000 $3,300 $1,323 $100,000 $4,800 $1,908 Source: New York Life Insurance Co. A non-smoking, 35 year-old professional male or female, such as an architect or attorney, would pay less for the similar coverage with benefits lasting until age 65. Annual gross income Basic monthly benefit Annual premium l $30,000 $1,850 $581 $60,000 $3,300 $993 $100,000 $4,800 $1,399 Source: Commercial Benefits

LA122190-0127_0

ORANGE COUNTY NEWSWATCH

December 21, 1990, Friday, Orange County Edition AUTO FOCUS: Thousands of cars are broken into every year, above, but there are ways to avoid becoming a statistic. Since many car burglars are after stereos, you can protect yourself by using pull-out stereo mounts and removing the player when your car is unoccupied, says Costa Mesa Police Detective Darell Freeman. Common sense helps too. Park in well-lighted, occupied areas and use audible alarm systems. "Burglars hate to be heard and seen," Freeman says. Car Burglaries Reported thefts from cars in Orange County and their value Reports in thousands '85: $6.6 million /16.4 '86: 7.2 / 17.2 '87: 7.9 / 16.9 '88: 9.6 / 19.1 '89: 9.0 / 20.0 '90*12.4 /23.4 *Estimate based on 9,700 incidents reported January through May Source: California Attorney General Matt Lait and Anita Cal

LA122190-0129_0

ORANGE COUNTY FOCUS: MISSION VIEJO; CHECKPOINTS MAKE HOLIDAY APPEARANCE

December 21, 1990, Friday, Orange County Edition The first thing a drunk driver loses is judgment, say police, and over and over that point is demonstrated at sobriety checkpoints conducted during the holidays in South County. By law, police must warn drivers of checkpoints and provide well-marked turnoffs for those who choose to avoid them. But despite the large signs and handy escape route, nine people failed a sobriety test and were arrested at a checkpoint recently in Mission Viejo. "That just amazes me," said Lt. George Johnson of the Orange County Sheriff's Department. "We post those signs way up ahead with plenty of time to turn off, and people still drive through while impaired." In December, officials are conducting checkpoints every Friday and Saturday in Mission Viejo, San Juan Capistrano, Dana Point and Laguna Niguel. This weekend, they will be in Dana Point on Friday at Coast Highway and Niguel Road and at Avery and Marguerite parkways in Mission Viejo on Saturday. Laguna Beach will hold its first checkpoint of the holiday season Friday at an undisclosed location. But netting intoxicated motorists is not the only purpose of the checkpoint program, police officials say. "The biggest thing is not catching drunk drivers," said Johnson, "but to use (checkpoints) as an educational tool. And I think the public appreciates this." Officers manning the checkpoints often get waves and high-five signs from those passing through them, Johnson said. "People are saying that they are not going to tolerate drinking and driving," he added. "And they tell me they are glad someone is doing something about it." Laguna Beach has been conducting sobriety checks since 1986, dubbing their program "Saturday Night Alive," police Sgt. Ray Lardie said. In those four years, 99 people have been arrested on suspicion of drunk driving and more than 17,000 cars have been stopped, Lardie said. Lardie said that the location of the checkpoint will remain secret until it is set up at 8 p.m. Manning the checkpoint will be two specially trained officers, who will be paid through a grant by the California Office of Traffic Safety. "These programs reflect the commitment of the city of Laguna Beach and its police department to strictly enforce the DUI laws," Lardie said. FRANK MESSINA

LA122190-0130_0

ORANGE COUNTY FOCUS: FOUNTAIN VALLEY; POLICE TEAM UP TO REDUCE ACCIDENTS

December 21, 1990, Friday, Orange County Edition The Fountain Valley and Huntington Beach police departments have joined forces to cut down on traffic accidents along roads on which drivers tend to speed. The Case Team program was started last year in Huntington Beach, and Fountain Valley recently joined the effort. Officers from both cities often patrol problem streets and set up large orange signs warning drivers that traffic enforcement is ahead. The Case Team chooses a particular route based on its high accident rate and maintains a presence for up to 10 hours at different times. "We're not hiding behind a billboard," Fountain Valley Police Officer David Kanbara said. "We actually tell the public we're out there." Though they stop many vehicles for even minor violations, Kanbara said that few tickets are written. The program was designed to encourage voluntary compliance with traffic laws and good driving habits. "Our major concern is that people wear seat belts," he said. When drivers are stopped for violations, officers tell them why and hand out flyers listing the most frequent violations that result in fatalities or major injuries. "It's a 30-second contact to let them know to drive carefully," Kanbara said. Officers also talk to pedestrians and bicyclists as part of the traffic safety and enforcement program. ROSE APODACA

LA122289-0004_0

BILINGUAL EDUCATION

December 22, 1989, Friday, Home Edition I am sorry that Rodolfo F. Acuna is dissatisfied with the Los Angeles Unified School District's efforts to serve its Latino students ("Schools Fail Latinos in Any Tongue," Opinion, Dec. 10). What would he have us, the classroom teachers, do? As a Caucasian teacher whose students are nearly all Latinos, I cannot be the Latina role model which Acuna prefers. I can be a good teacher. I love and respect my students; I expect them to succeed and direct my efforts to motivating them toward excellence. My colleagues do the same. Acuna cites many statistics, but fails to explain why Latino youngsters often choose not to complete their educations, and choose not to become teachers. I reiterate: choose. After all, motivation must come not only from teachers, but also from students. Latinos, like others, must choose to succeed. ROBIN L. WINSTON Culver City

LA122289-0009_0

BILINGUAL EDUCATION

December 22, 1989, Friday, Home Edition Acuna makes a valid point in saying that the needs of Latino students are neglected in the LAUSD. But to characterize "bilingual education" as inherently good simply because it is targeted at Latinos, and to characterize LEAD (Learning English Advocates Drive) as "English-only," indicates a lack of research into both subjects. The LAUSD's Bilingual Master Plan is neither a format for learning English, nor a true "bilingual" program, but a monolingual Spanish program. Under the new plan, most Latino students are taught in Spanish for all but 20 minutes of the day, and can graduate high school without ever demonstrating proficiency in English. LEAD, a nonprofit organization of concerned teachers, parents and education experts across the country, is dedicated to reforming -- not eliminating -- bilingual education by emphasizing modern English language development techniques. Not only does LEAD recommend that the native tongue of non-English speaking children be used to clarify difficult new words and concepts, whenever possible and appropriate, as English is being learned, it actively promotes foreign language study for monolingual English-speaking students. Moreover, no officer of LEAD ever made the statements Acuna attributed to it. For what it's worth, I am bilingual, and I never learned a second language by being taught exclusively in English. Acuna neglects to mention national surveys which indicate that 80% of Latino parents of limited-English speaking children believe bilingual program emphasis should be placed on teaching English. The days of sink-or-swim can never be allowed to return, but neither should Latino children be abandoned in an institutionalized underclass simply because of an inability to communicate effectively in English upon entering the American public education system. The real civil rights travesty is to deny children the tools they will need to function in our nation's 96% English-speaking business community. LEON WORDEN President, Santa Clarita Valley Chapter of LEAD Valencia

LA122289-0012_0

NUCLEAR WASTE

December 22, 1989, Friday, Orange County Edition I am writing a letter in response to your editorial "Garbage That's Too Hot to Handle" (Dec. 2): I am disappointed in the editorial; it did not take a strong stance in its position on nuclear waste. Of course the disposal of nuclear waste is linked to man's future and posterity. That garbage remains dangerous for close to 10,000 years. The Department of Energy needs to find new ways to either harness energy or eliminate the dangerous waste once and for all. Presently, there may be areas able to keep the waste. However, at the rate we are producing it, there won't be enough places to deposit the waste for long. What will we do then? Will we start poisoning outer space just as we will by then have our own planet? There may be arguments suggesting that the disposal areas are checked so that there will be no leaks into our environment. This sounds reassuring, yet how sure are the experts? Many officials in charge may be negligent or too preoccupied with other problems. By placing the radioactive waste in our ground -- no matter how secure the site is -- we face the risk of contaminating our water and killing plants and animals. Is it our right to gamble with the lives of other creatures on this Earth as well as our own? VAN VUONG San Clemente

LA122289-0033_0

TROOPS FIRE INTO CROWDS IN ROMANIA; EAST BLOC: DESPITE REPORTS OF BRUTAL REPRESSION AND NUMEROUS DEATHS, DEMONSTRATORS CONTINUE TO DEMAND AN END TO CEAUSESCU'S RULE.

December 22, 1989, Friday, Home Edition Security forces armed with automatic weapons fired into crowds of protesters in the Romanian capital of Bucharest on Thursday, killing or wounding an undetermined number of demonstrators demanding an end to the rule of dictator Nicolae Ceausescu. A reporter for Tanjug, the Yugoslav news agency, said several thousand demonstrators, mainly schoolchildren and university students, were surrounded by police and tanks at a main intersection near the Inter-Continental Hotel in the center of Bucharest. Peter Tomic, a Yugoslav journalist, said he saw an armored vehicle crush two students. When others rushed to their aid, security forces opened fire, killing or wounding about 20 people. In Washington, the State Department quoted U. S. Embassy officials in Bucharest as saying that at least 13 young people had been killed in the demonstration just two blocks from the embassy. Budapest Radio reported 32 more demonstrators were killed in the northern city of Cluj. The Soviet news agency Tass reported at midnight that the sounds of gunfire from automatic weapons could still be heard echoing in the center of the capital. "There is light in all the windows of buildings in the areas where the demonstrations are under way. People have come out onto balconies and some of them are shouting slogans supporting the protests," the report added. Reports on the second assault on unarmed civilians in five days came mostly from such East Bloc news organizations, among the few foreign news services reporting from Romania, which has been sealed off to foreigners since Monday, as the Ceausescu regime faced what could be its terminal crisis after 24 years in power. Gunfire was also reported to have broken out at a demonstration in the city of Arad in western Romania, about 40 miles from the western city of Timisoara, where security forces opened fire on demonstrators Sunday. Estimates of the death toll in Timisoara range from a few hundred to as high as 4,000, but there has been no independent confirmation of the casualties. Even East Bloc journalists, attempting to reach Timisoara, have been turned back from the town. The Tanjug correspondent, reporting on Belgrade Radio, said the confrontation in Bucharest had turned into a "bloody riot." Before its midnight report, Tass said, "Along the central street of the capital, tanks are moving, following the lines of submachine gunners pushing back the crowds. Bursts of automatic weapons fire are

LA122289-0040_3

COMBAT IN PANAMA; SOVIETS SCOFF AS U.S. EXPLAINS ITS MOTIVES; WORLD REACTION: WESTERN ALLIES AND EAST BLOC COUNTRIES DIVIDE ALONG PREDICTABLE IDEOLOGICAL LINES.

trafficking adds another element of understanding for the President of the United States." Britain was still the only member government of the European Community to have given wholehearted public support to the U.S. action. No other European Community government has come out behind the American President's decision. Apart from Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's unqualified declaration of support, the only other high-level comment on the events in Panama came from the Spanish prime minister, Felipe Gonzalez, who said in Madrid that his government "condemned outright all foreign intervention." None of the other EC member states has any sympathy for Gen. Noriega nor seriously doubts that the results of the general election last May were in favor of the Panamanian opposition. But in most EC capitals, there was barely disguised embarrassment at the timing of the American military action, which is seen as diverting attention from the repression of the Ceausescu regime in Romania. Bulgarian Foreign Minister Boiko Dimitrov said U.S. intervention in Panama "awakens associations with gunboat diplomacy, with what happened in the Dominican Republic, in Lebanon and on Grenada." China, angry with Washington because of its condemnation of the bloody crackdown on pro-democracy demonstrators in June, condemned the U.S. action and urged the United States to "immediately stop the military invasion." Official Vietnamese Radio said the U.S. attack was motivated by a desire to retain control of the canal. Hanoi Radio, monitored in Bangkok, Thailand, also said: "The United States falsely accused Noriega of drug trafficking." India condemned the intervention and called for a swift pullout of U.S. forces. The government reaction, read to both houses of Parliament, then triggered a walkout in the upper house by the opposition Congress Party, which deemed the official response "unsatisfactory." Iran called the U.S. action a bloody Christmas gift that pleases the Devil and said it raises questions about Washington's real intentions. Accusing Washington of "a blatant breach of all internationally-accepted principles," Iran said the United States has never been happy with the treaty pledge to delegate authority over the canal to the Panamanian government. "Washington never hid its reluctance to abide by the accord it, itself, signed with Panama," the Iranian news agency said. "President Bush, your Administration has presented a bloody gift for the world's Christians. Very bloody indeed, that it saddens Christ -- peace be upon him -- and makes Lucifer chuckle with joy," said the agency monitored in Nicosia.

LA122289-0048_1

HEALTH CARE REFUNDS WILL BEGIN IN FEBRUARY; MEDICARE: BENEFICIARIES PAYING FOR THE REPEALED CATASTROPHIC COVERAGE WILL GET CHECKS TOTALING $21.20. A COMPUTER PROGRAM IS STILL DEDUCTING PREMIUMS.

Jan. 1, Social Security computers will continue making the premium deductions through April because it takes months to rewrite instructions for such a massive computer system. The Social Security Administration first indicated that its computers could not be corrected to stop the deductions until May or later. Officials originally promised that a lump sum refund payment would be issued in the summer by the Treasury, which prints and mails checks for government agencies. But Social Security officials then consulted with outside experts and proposed that refund checks be sent beginning in February. A dispute developed with Treasury, which claimed that it would be difficult and costly to issue 28 million refund checks in addition to the normal monthly mailings. The agencies settled their conflict Thursday. "Today's announcement is great news for America's elderly, many of whom live on fixed incomes," said Social Security Commissioner Gwendolyn S. King. "We are working diligently to expedite the computer changes required to properly adjust Social Security checks but we must be extremely careful not to destroy a carefully constructed system of payments (providing) $19 billion a month," she said. She noted that the agency must alter "more than 150 different computer software programs" to eliminate the $5.30 a month deduction. The refunds will total an estimated $1.2 billion. "We are pleased to assist (the Social Security Administration) in expeditiously refunding these payments to senior citizens," said Treasury official W. E. Douglas. The procedure "will provide the most timely service to recipients without jeopardizing" the 250 million other payments disbursed by Treasury "at this peak time of the year," Douglas said. The service he heads handles Social Security payments, tax refunds, federal salaries, veterans benefits and other government payments. The repealed catastrophic care law, passed by Congress enthusiastically in 1988, was repudiated with equally intense fervor 17 months later. It provided expanded hospital care, a ceiling on payments for doctor bills and coverage of prescription drugs. But its financing mechanism -- the monthly premium and a surtax on those over 65 who pay federal income taxes -- proved politically fatal. The surtax, which would have touched about 40% of those over 65, was resented as an unfair levy on a narrow segment of the population. Complaints from angry Medicare beneficiaries, many of whom already had supplemental health insurance, forced an abrupt turnaround in Congress. It voted in November to scrap the entire catastrophic care program.

LA122289-0050_0

MIT RESEARCHERS IDENTIFY 'MASTER BUILDER' GENE; SCIENCE: THE GENE CONTROLS THE BODY'S DISEASE-FIGHTING PROCESS. THE DISCOVERY HAS NO IMMEDIATE MEDICAL APPLICATION, BUT COULD LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF DRUGS THAT WOULD FINE-TUNE THE IMMUNE SYSTEM.

December 22, 1989, Friday, Home Edition Molecular biologists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology report that they have isolated and identified the "master builder" gene that controls the disease-fighting process, marshaling its forces like a general preparing to repel an enemy invasion. The discovery, reported in today's Cell journal, should provide fundamental new insights into how the immune system functions, according to pathologist Michael Lieber of Stanford University. "I would think it would be one of the top 10 . . . discoveries in immunology," Lieber said. "It is a remarkable technical achievement, an extremely elegant piece of science," added molecular immunologist Frederick Alt of Columbia University in New York City. "We now have in hand the tools to dissect the system that is involved in the assembly of antibody genes. We'll make a tremendous amount of progress in the next year." The discovery of how this process is controlled has no immediate medical application, but the finding could eventually lead to the development of drugs that would fine-tune the immune system. Even further off, it might lead to ways to repair the ravages of the immune system caused by the AIDS virus. Over a lifetime, a human encounters literally tens of thousands of different infectious bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Most of the time, these encounters are benign because humans have evolved a remarkable immune mechanism that, at any given time, posts more than 100,000 unique sentries to identify the invaders and sound the warning call for their destruction. Surprisingly, the body's genetic repertoire does not have a set of genes that serve as blueprints for each of these sentries, called B cells. Instead, it has a small library of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) fragments that are constantly being chopped up, shuffled and recombined to produce millions of different B cells over the course of a lifetime. Defects in the gene may be responsible for some of the genetic diseases that produce a non-functioning immune system, such as that suffered by David, the "bubble boy" in Houston who spent all of his short life in a plastic-enclosed, sterile environment. Defects might also lead to the formation of tumors of the immune system. Some biologists believe that a similar shuffling and recombining process may play a role in the differentiation of unspecialized cells in the early embryo into specialized cells in various organs, particularly in the brain and nervous and sensory

LA122289-0051_0

MEDICINE SHOCK THERAPY; PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION ISSUES GUIDELINES

December 22, 1989, Friday, Home Edition The country's largest professional group of psychiatrists announced elaborate guidelines Thursday for the use of electroshock therapy, the controversial treatment for severe depression that is experiencing a resurgence in medical practice. The guidelines drawn up by the American Psychiatric Assn. were described as among the most detailed ever issued to explain how a therapy should be used -- testament to rapid advances in the science of shock therapy and to public pressure for accountability. "There is no intent to increase or decrease . . . use (of electroshock)," Dr. Richard Weiner, an author of the report, said. "The intent is to maximize the efficacy and safety with which it is provided, to make sure it's used in the proper fashion." Electroshock therapy, also known as electroconvulsive therapy or ECT, uses an electric shock to induce a seizure as a form of psychiatric treatment. By changing the balance of chemicals in the brain, it is used to treat severe depressive illness and mania, usually after drug therapy has failed. Discovered in the late 1930s, shock therapy was used and abused widely in the 1940s and 1950s. Some patients received dozens of treatments. Its excesses became a subject of Sylvia Plath's novel, "The Bell Jar," and Ken Kesey's "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest." With the discovery of effective antidepressant drugs in the early 1960s, use of electroconvulsive therapy dwindled. After several decades of quiescence, interest was rekindled in the 1980s as a result of research that showed how the therapy could be better used. "ECT's effectiveness in rescuing severely ill patients from the despairing depths of depression or the perilous heights of uncontrolled mania is well accepted by psychiatrists," Dr. Herbert Pardes, president of the APA, said at a news conference Thursday. "However, ECT, like treatments for every other illness, is not 100% effective, it is not a cure and it does have some adverse effects," he added. The APA guidelines -- filling more than 200 pages and scheduled for publication in book form -- cover, among many other things, situations in which ECT may be appropriate or inappropriate and precisely how it should be used. The guidelines also explore the issue of patient consent, an especially contentious issue in the case of shock therapy. They emphasize the importance of informed consent from all patients capable of giving it and the fact that consent may

LA122289-0051_1

MEDICINE SHOCK THERAPY; PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION ISSUES GUIDELINES

and mania, usually after drug therapy has failed. Discovered in the late 1930s, shock therapy was used and abused widely in the 1940s and 1950s. Some patients received dozens of treatments. Its excesses became a subject of Sylvia Plath's novel, "The Bell Jar," and Ken Kesey's "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest." With the discovery of effective antidepressant drugs in the early 1960s, use of electroconvulsive therapy dwindled. After several decades of quiescence, interest was rekindled in the 1980s as a result of research that showed how the therapy could be better used. "ECT's effectiveness in rescuing severely ill patients from the despairing depths of depression or the perilous heights of uncontrolled mania is well accepted by psychiatrists," Dr. Herbert Pardes, president of the APA, said at a news conference Thursday. "However, ECT, like treatments for every other illness, is not 100% effective, it is not a cure and it does have some adverse effects," he added. The APA guidelines -- filling more than 200 pages and scheduled for publication in book form -- cover, among many other things, situations in which ECT may be appropriate or inappropriate and precisely how it should be used. The guidelines also explore the issue of patient consent, an especially contentious issue in the case of shock therapy. They emphasize the importance of informed consent from all patients capable of giving it and the fact that consent may be revoked at any time. "You have to give the patient the benefit of the doubt, concerning their right to agree or disagree," said Weiner, chairman of the APA's task force on ECT. He said the physician "should express how they feel about it, but it's up to the patient to decide." The report recommends that the primary uses of ECT should be against major depression, mania and some cases of schizophrenia and psychosis. It also might be used in some medical disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. The typical course of ECT is six to 12 treatments, administered two to three times a week. The patient receives a mild current that, specialists believe, causes alterations in the brain's chemistry not dissimilar to those caused by drugs that treat depression. The APA, which counts its membership at 36,000, spent two years preparing its ECT study. Weiner's task force sought input from numerous medical professional groups, regulators, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and lay mental health groups.

LA122289-0077_9

CAN CRAIGS PULL PADRES' WEIGHT?

by opening nine centers in Melbourne. But there were problems. The government forced the Craigs to discard 100,000 boxes of vitamins because they contained a substance that requires a prescription in Australia. The centers were not immediately successful in Australia, a country unfamiliar with weight-loss centers before the Craigs' arrival. But after a marketing blitz, the company took hold. Today, Jenny Craig has 96 centers in Australia, 30 in England and 11 in New Zealand. In 1985, the couple returned to the United States to kick off their business and garner a piece of what is currently a $1.5 billion industry annually. Though there are currently 269 U.S. Jenny Craig centers, company officials hope to expand to 1,000 by the year 1995. The Craigs found and catered to a changing orientation in dieting. In 1986, 65 million -- or about one in three -- Americans said they were dieting, according to the Calorie Control Council, a group that represents diet food manufacturers. Today, that number has dropped to one in four. "We have a changing perception of what dieting means -- what used to be considered a diet is now considered a healthy life style," said Keith Keeney, council spokesman. "There is a different dieter out there who is not looking for a miracle weight loss. Many want the Jenny Craig approach that helps with behavior and offers support." Under the Craig program, clients pay $185 and receive group and individual counseling. Until half the desired weight is lost, clients purchase only Jenny Craig meals, pre-packaged and frozen foods. A week of Craig cuisine costs between $50 to $75. And like many diets, some people swear by it, including movie star Elliot Gould and LA Law's Susan Rutan, both of whom have done television commercials for Jenny Craig. Television's Ed McMahon, who is not a spokesman for the company, says he lost 30 pounds on the diet and that the food is delicious. McMahon, a 6-4 former football player, now weighs 200 pounds. Even if the Craigs do buy the Padres, Gwynn, the 5-11 right fielder, mentioned no plans to start the Craig diet, though he is trying to slim down. But the four-time batting champion said he welcomes a new regime. "As long as they're committed to keeping the club in San Diego and keeping a winning team on the field," he said, "that's all we can ask for."

LA122289-0099_0

NATION IN BRIEF; GEORGIA; MEASLES DEATHS SOAR TO 18-YEAR HIGH

December 22, 1989, Friday, Home Edition The measles explosion of 1989, involving unvaccinated preschoolers and schoolchildren whose shots didn't work, has been accompanied by the most measles deaths in 18 years, federal health officials said. Forty-two deaths from measles have been reported this year, the Atlanta-based Centers for Disease Control said. That's the largest death count since 90 in 1971, a CDC spokesman noted. Nationwide, 14,714 measles cases were counted with two weeks left in the year, the CDC reported. That's more than five times the 2,876 cases reported at this point a year ago. Large measles outbreaks are continuing in Los Angeles, Chicago and Houston, primarily among young blacks and Latinos, the CDC noted.

LA122289-0117_0

PAN AM PLACES ADS MARKING ANNIVERSARY OF LOCKERBIE BLAST

December 22, 1989, Friday, Home Edition Pan American World Airways, in advertisements placed Thursday in nine newspapers in the United States and Europe, called for a "moment of prayer" for the 270 people killed in the terrorist bombing of its Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, a year ago. The ad, which appeared in the Wall Street Journal, New York Times, Miami Herald and USA Today, along with newspapers in Scotland, England and Germany, is considered unusual because airlines rarely draw attention to air disasters. "We felt we wanted to do something," said Pan Am spokeswoman Elizabeth Manners. The carrier also held memorial services for victims at airports in New York, London and Frankfurt and flew its flags at half mast. The Lockerbie tragedy has haunted Pan Am, which lost $150 million in revenue earlier this year in part because fearful travelers avoided the airline. The Federal Aviation Administration in September fined the airline $630,000 for security violations in Frankfurt, the flight's point of origin, and London, where it stopped before exploding in the air on its way to New York. The FAA said, however, that it couldn't link the security lapses to the bombing. Pan Am has said the security problems had been corrected. The father of a Lockerbie victim reacted bittersweetly to Pan Am's ad. "It is a lovely sentiment," said Robert Berrell of Fargo, N.D., who visited the grave of his 20-year-old son, Robert, Thursday. "It's kind of ironic coming from Pan Am."

LA122289-0128_0

'CIVILIZATION' MAY SPELL THE END FOR THE WORLD'S LAST FRONTIER

December 22, 1989, Friday, Home Edition The single-engine Cessna belonging to U. S.-based Missionary Aviation Fellowship banked sharply as a forest-covered mountain loomed ahead. Then a balding grass airstrip appeared and pilot Rick Willms set the tiny plane down with practiced, though heart-stopping, skill. As the plane thundered to a halt, a crowd of people converged on the end of the runway to watch curiously. About half of them wore no clothes: Some women had grass skirts and some men wore a cylindrical gourd called a koteka. Despite their nakedness, a few carried umbrellas. Others wore black plastic bags like hats. Seven thousand feet above sea level, the small village of Tiom is set in a spectacular mountain valley. The checkerboard patterns of gardens growing sweet potatoes rise dizzyingly up the side of cliffs so steep that it is not uncommon for women working there to fall to their deaths. As a visitor raised a camera to photograph the scene around Willms' plane, people in the crowd simultaneously raised a forefinger. By silent consensus, the fee for a photograph is now 100 rupiahs (about 4 cents) per person. "We get a lot of tourists through here these days," explained Alan Speakman, an Australian missionary whose brown clapboard house overlooks the steep runway. These are the highlands of Irian Jaya, a place that many people -- anthropologists, missionaries and government officials -- regard as the world's last frontier. A sizable number of people in Irian, whose interior was not explored or shown on a map until 50 years ago, still dwell in the Stone Age. But after millennia of isolation, the 20th Century is now making rapid inroads here. Lying at the eastern end of the sprawling Indonesian archipelago, Irian Jaya is as far from the capital, Jakarta, as Los Angeles is from Washington, but far more remote. It has a population of 1.5 million spread over a bird-shaped territory the size of California. The region varies from the only year-round glacier in the tropics to malaria-infested swamps along the coast. Irian Jaya is the western half of New Guinea, the second largest island in the world after Greenland. For Indonesia, Irian Jaya represents a vast storehouse of natural resources: oil, a mountain made of copper, and timber forests as far as the eye can see. Such resources will be increasingly in demand for exploitation as the country's current sources of

LA122289-0129_5

TEACHER FINDS SCIENCE FAIR A METAPHOR FOR 5TH-GRADERS' LIVES

table and correcting the mistaken notions of the various children who had done projects on electricity, was the explanation for the care behind Arabella's project and for the progress that Arabella had made this year -- Arabella's father. Alice's father wore a necktie and blue blazer. The team of Alice, Judith and Margaret had done electrical generation. Alice's father had taken them to the Holyoke water power plant a few days ago. Through a friend he'd arranged a special tour for the girls. Their display, a model town on a large piece of plywood, didn't show how power got generated, but it was the nicest-looking project in the gym. Chris questioned them. The girls knew their stuff. Chris chatted briefly with Alice's father. She thanked him for helping his daughter and her friends so much. She meant those words. But she couldn't look around the gym now without feeling sad. The children whose parents had come to the gym -- for the most part neatly dressed, confident-seeming adults -- had the best projects and knew the most about their subjects. In general, the forlorn projects belonged to the children with no parents on hand, such as Courtney and Kimberly, who stood behind a table displaying a box of oatmeal, a hamburger bun, a piece of white bread, a carton of milk, an egg, two potatoes and a remnant of iceberg lettuce growing brown. Chris wished she could call a halt right now. The whole event looked like a rigged election, distressingly predictable, as if designed to teach the children about the unfairness of life. She saw one bright spot, though. There was some room in an unfair world for individual achievement. She walked up to Claude's table. She felt rescued from this day, for a brief time, when she looked at what Claude had done: on the table, his thorough and neat diagram of a river rising in mountains and flowing to the sea; and behind that, Claude's model river. He had built his model on a metal serving platter. Little stones were piled up at one end, from which a chute of aluminum foil descended, depicting a waterfall, which led to the river itself, which had banks described by more small stones and a bed of aquarium gravel, and water, too. In the water lay a little rubber crayfish and a little rubber fish, which if you squeezed it

LA122289-0149_0

O.C. NEWSMAKERS: 2 UNITEK EXECUTIVES NAMED TO POSITIONS AT ANAHEIM'S STERI-OSS

December 22, 1989, Friday, Orange County Edition Kenneth A. Darienzo has been appointed president of Steri-Oss, an Anaheim-based manufacturer of dental implant systems. Before joining the company, Darienzo was general manager of Unitek Corp., a subsidiary of 3M Co. that manufactures orthodontic materials. He had been with 3M since 1969. In addition, Kelly Sheehan has been named vice president of marketing for Steri-Oss. He was previously national sales director at Unitek Corp.

LA122289-0160_2

CHRISTMAS AT HANOI HILTON; UNFORGETTABLE MEMORIES OF LONG-AGO HOLIDAYS AWAY FROM HOME AND COUNTRY

years -- December of 1973 back home in Orange -- Luna says he didn't spend a lot of time thinking how different that holiday was from the one the year before. "I at least tried to block it all out from my mind," he says. "If you're standing there listening to Christmas carols, you don't want to think how bad it was; you want to think how nice it is." Rehmann, an unsuccessful Republican candidate for Congress from Orange County the year after he returned from the war, said he generally thinks of his POW experiences only when asked. "I'm not real emotional about getting the blues on holidays or anything like that," he says with a smile. Christmas in Hanoi was by and large just another day. But what of subsequent Christmases? Last year, for instance? He searches his memory, and finally retrieves what he thinks it was like last year. "I think I went over to my mom's for dinner," he says. Rehmann, now a San Diego businessman, does have his attachments, though. He still has the 1973 Corvette given him by the people in Lancaster, where he grew up. The car's license plate reads, POW FREE. And he does remember a Christmas in captivity besides his first one as a POW, even if he's hazy on the year, "probably in the late '60s or early '70s." On that memorable Christmas, "they brought us in and they sat us down and they had some peanuts in a dish. There might have been even some mints, I can't really recall. But they had one thing that was interesting, and that was like an orange liqueur. . . . And they sat down and they wished us a happy holiday or whatever it was, Merry Christmas, and they gave us this little drink. . . . " Dave Luna was shot down in March of 1967 and spent month after month after month telling the North Vietnamese that he was an unmarried orphan. Actually, he had a wife and two children in Utah and parents in Orange. Still, he figured it would be easier on himself and his family if his jailers didn't know whom he had left behind -- just one less set of psychological buttons for his captors to push. But after two Christmases that were just another day in prison, 1969 was different. Prison conditions had improved

LA122289-0163_0

CEAUSESCU DEPOSED; ROMANIAN CHIEF AND WIFE FLEE; THEIR SON IS CAPTURED; AN OUTRAGED NATION DRIVES DICTATOR OUT

December 22, 1989, Friday, P.M. Final An outraged nation today drove Romanian President Nicolae Ceausescu from power, ending the Soviet Bloc's last dictatorship, but loyalist and opposition forces battled for control in the streets of Bucharest. Army troops siding with protesters and security forces loyal to Ceausescu fought ferocious battles into the night in the capital, Bucharest, and elsewhere in the country, East Bloc media reports said. The Presidential Palace reportedly was set ablaze. The tumult capped a historic year of change in the Soviet Bloc that elsewhere had been relatively bloodless: Solidarity took power in Poland, Hungary ousted its hard-liners and opened its borders, and old-guard regimes in East Germany, Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria were thrown out in swift succession in October. State-run Romanian media, now in the hands of protesters, reported that Ceausescu and his wife, Elena, fled by helicopter from the Presidential Palace early today but were later caught and put in detention. Another report, however, said he was free and his whereabouts unknown. Still other reports said the couple had escaped the country, possibly heading for Iran or China. Nicu, the Ceausescus' eldest son, was captured after trying to assume command of the security forces in Sibiu, the south Transylvanian city he had ruled as local Communist Party chief. He said on Romanian TV that he did not know his parents' whereabouts. About 2,000 pro-Ceausescu forces attacked Bucharest this evening, after it was taken over by hundreds of thousands of protesters, Romanian television reported. "Dead and wounded are reported from all parts of the city," the Czechoslovak news agency CTK said. Yugoslav TV reported hundreds dead. "Television has appealed to everyone to remain in the streets and to fight against the murderers until the very end," the Hungarian news agency MTI said. The 24-year reign of the East Bloc's harshest regime collapsed in one breathtaking week of protests that began with a small rally for a persecuted pastor in the remote western city of Timisoara, and led to today's nationwide uprising by millions. Thousands of unarmed civilians already were believed massacred by troops in Timisoara as Ceausescu desperately tried to prolong his rule. Security forces also fired on protesters in Bucharest on Thursday. Soviet TV said pro-Ceausescu troops attacked at dusk today and fighting raged throughout the capital. It said troops opened fire with submachine guns on demonstrators who gathered for a meeting. It said the Communist

LA122290-0005_0

PUBLIC DANGERS IN ANGELES FOREST

December 22, 1990, Saturday, Home Edition We in the Angeles National Forest would like to express our appreciation for the story by Jeff Meyers ("Forest's Fatal Toll on Visitors," Nov. 10) because we need all the help we can get in raising the public's awareness of potential dangers when visiting the national forest. Your reporter expressed the opinion that "signs equal safety." Nothing could be further from the truth. To follow the premise that "signs equal safety" is to ignore an individual's personal responsibility for his or her own actions. It is a sad fact that alcohol and drug abuse is a mitigating factor in a substantial number of serious or fatal injuries on the forest. The Angeles National Forest has taken steps in many cases to try to reduce the number of accidents related to the volatile mix of recreation and substance abuse. Often these public safety actions are misinterpreted as barriers to recreation opportunities. Moving an access gate to three-quarters of a mile away from a recreation site might be interpreted as a barrier, yet this simple action has cut the accident rate at San Antonio Falls significantly. There have been no recent serious injuries or deaths at this location. Signs alone will not ensure public safety. It is doubtful that a sign would have prevented a 12-year-old from wandering away from his group camp or discouraged a teen-ager from diving off a waterfall on a dare. Safety is a major concern of the Forest Service. Facts and figures on forest accidents, injuries and fatalities are available from numerous sources. The Forest Service keeps extensive records in the law enforcement system and with the radio dispatcher's office in Arcadia. In addition, when serious or fatal injuries occur, the L.A. County Sheriff's Department keeps its own official version of the incident. Forest Service Law Enforcement Coordinator Chuck Shamblin was misquoted when the story said, "There have been 60-100 accidental deaths at Switzer Falls in the last two decades." The correct quote is, "There have been 60 to 100 serious accidents or fatalities on the Arroyo Seco Ranger District and about seven serious injuries or deaths at Switzer Falls." The error was unfortunately compounded when you printed the same misinformation in your editorial "Danger in Them Thar Hills" (Nov. 17). The Forest Service efforts to promote public safety are well-documented. No single effort is guaranteed to work alone. As long

LA122290-0007_0

SERIES ON PRESS AND MINORITIES

December 22, 1990, Saturday, Home Edition I commend David Shaw for his article "Negative News and Little Else," (four-part series on minorities and the press, Dec. 11-14). I am 27 and a black male and even though I am college-educated and have never been incarcerated, my image is the epitome of a drug addict, drug dealer and rapist perpetuated by the press. Ultimately, objectivity must be the goal of any journalist if the press is to inform and educate. But objectivity can only be achieved if there is "integrity" in the reporting of facts and context. Incorrect or biased reporting can only lead to incorrect and biased perceptions. This is true with any news issue, but especially when reporting on minorities. TRACY HILL Van Nuys

LA122290-0050_0

VITAL LEGACY OF NANCY CRUZAN; ISSUE IS NOT SO MUCH THE RIGHT TO DIE BUT THE RIGHT TO LIVE AS ONE SEES FIT

December 22, 1990, Saturday, Home Edition An ambivalent U.S. Supreme Court ruling wound up giving a lower court the room it needed recently to halt the forced feedings of Nancy Cruzan. Without the feeding tubes in place to maintain her state of permanent unconsciousness, the 33-year-old Missouri woman will die soon. While it will be a merciful end, the thought of it is no cause for cheer. But it is cause to appreciate what Nancy and parents Joe and Joyce Cruzan have given to others in the nearly eight years since Nancy left life as she valued it. Nancy Cruzan was involved a serious car accident in 1983. Since then she has been able to breathe on her own but has no awareness of herself or her surroundings. She is in what doctors call a "persistent vegetative state." Her parents fought -- against strict Missouri state laws and a tenacious attorney general's office -- to make the decision that their daughter would have made. Nancy Cruzan had told friends that she would not want to be fed by force or kept alive by machines. The Cruzans' cause attracted much attention to the "right-to-die"; but the larger importance of the Cruzan case is not the right to die, but the right to live as one sees fit. It is about understanding medical options and the consequences of accepting or refusing treatment. One national law that resulted from the Cruzan case takes effect late next year. It will require most hospitals and other health-care facilities to inform patients of their medical-care rights if they become incapacitated. In California, the legal effect of the Cruzan case has been minimal because state law and a state constitutional guarantee of privacy make it easier for next of kin or a designate to act in what is considered the best interests of an incapacitated person. But the publicity surrounding the Cruzan case has been an effective prod in persuading many people to make legal arrangements; the publicity also no doubt sparked many informal conversations about the case. Such conversations could be cited later as evidence of a person's wishes regarding prolonged or extraordinary medical treatment. Thus Nancy Cruzan's legacy is the better chance that other tragedies such as hers can be averted.

LA122290-0074_2

BREAKAWAY EPISCOPAL CHURCH STILL PRACTICING OLD-TIME RELIGION

parish's previous priest and ordained by a traditionalist seminary in Berkeley. He said his flock rebelled against "secular humanism" in the Episcopal Church -- the ordination of women, tolerance of homosexuality and "the lessened realm of personal sin." "We try to follow what God told us to do in Scripture. That's why we don't go along with changes in morality," he said. "We have people from all walks of life, from all socioeconomic classes, from all races, but we have a common attitude to God -- we are here to do his will, not ours." Congregants come from as far away as the San Gabriel Valley and the South Bay for Mass, where Ashman, dressed in a white vestment and maroon robe, presides with the help of an adult acolyte. On a recent Sunday, about 30 worshipers knelt for most of the service on worn, red plush footstools as the morning light made a stained glass figure of Christ glow on the eastern wall. A bank of candles in red glass cups flickered under a crucifix against the side wall, and a small male choir upstairs, aided by an organist, made a brave try at the sacred chants. "We are happy to report that (a congregant) has recovered from the shingles, but she's feeling miserable, so please keep her in your prayers," Ashman announced. Then he launched into his sermon, saying that the wages of sin are death, and that "theologically Orthodox Christians . . . unlike many of our weaker and liberal brethren, will not be able to say nobody warned us." "Within the context of historic Anglicanism -- the Catholic faith -- we carry on that faith to the hard-hearted world," he said. "We are here to call them to Jesus Christ their Lord and Savior. Everything else -- all our works of mercy -- comes afterward." As chimes rang out in the choir loft, members of the congregation knelt in front of the altar, and the priest, chanting, "Behold the Lamb of God . . . the Body of Our Lord Jesus Christ," fed them Communion wafers and passed a chalice of wine. In the social hall afterward, there was a modest brunch of coffee, punch, cookies and ham sandwiches. Alex Dillebe, a real estate finance officer, said he drives in regularly from Monrovia in the San Gabriel Valley. "It takes 35 minutes but that's OK with

LA122290-0076_5

CLERICAL OPPOSITION TO WAR IN GULF BUILDS QUICKLY; PROTEST: UNLIKE VIETNAM, MAINLINE RELIGIOUS LEADERS HAVE COME OUT EARLY AND IN UNPRECEDENTED UNANIMITY AGAINST POSSIBLE USE OF U.S. MILITARY FORCE.

have been quietly supporting the direction of Bush's policies. "I don't hear groups complaining," said Robert Dugan, a Washington-based representative of the National Assn. of Evangelicals. "I think the great bulk of the evangelical community would support President Bush's policies," he said. Religious broadcaster Pat Robertson has condemned Iraq's ruler as a "madman" developing a nuclear weapon threat. It is crucial for the stability of the Middle East and the existence of Israel that Hussein "be removed from Kuwait, from power and his arsenal dismantled," hw said. While never using such strident language, Catholic and mainline Protestant leaders initially backed Bush's deployment of troops to enforce the U.N.-backed economic blockade of Iraq. But that changed quickly. Los Angeles Archbishop Roger M. Mahony was in the forefront for the Catholics in his final weeks as chairman of the bishops' International Policy Committee. After a mid-September letter to Secretary of State James A. Baker II asking that food and medicine not be denied to Iraqi citizens, Mahony said in an interview: "I, and my committee and other bishops began looking at the situation more carefully. It was beginning to have an ominous shift." Mahony prepared a second letter to Baker in late October, raising moral objections to the possible use of force and laying out Catholic criteria for a "just war." The letter was purposely not mailed until one day after the Nov. 6 elections, Mahony said, so that it could not "be used by people in various ways not intended by us." Then, Bush announced that he would double troop strength in the gulf to give the United States more offensive capability. Four days later, the nation's 250 Catholic bishops gathered in Washington for their annual meeting. "So many bishops wanted to associate themselves with Archbishop Mahony's letter that it was put on the agenda as the first item of business," said a staff official at the bishops' headquarters. Like the Catholic bishops, the National Council of Churches, holding its general board meeting Nov. 14-16 in Portland, Ore., had not originally scheduled discussion on the Persian Gulf crisis. The Council, whose denominations run from liberal-to-moderate mainline Protestant to the normally reserved Eastern Orthodox churches, were also stirred by the troop buildup announcement. "That really turned things," said Dale Bishop, the Middle East director for the New York-based Council. "I was bowled over by the amount of energy behind this particular issue,"

LA122290-0076_7

CLERICAL OPPOSITION TO WAR IN GULF BUILDS QUICKLY; PROTEST: UNLIKE VIETNAM, MAINLINE RELIGIOUS LEADERS HAVE COME OUT EARLY AND IN UNPRECEDENTED UNANIMITY AGAINST POSSIBLE USE OF U.S. MILITARY FORCE.

Bishop said. About 200 delegates gave unanimous approval to a resolution calling for a major reduction in U.S. forces in the Persian Gulf and direct U.S. negotiations with Iraq. Public reactions to religious pronouncements are hard to measure, said Archbishop John Roach of the Minneapolis-St. Paul diocese, who testified Dec. 6 before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee as the bishops' new international policy chairman. "But the fact that church leaders raise these questions, I think, makes it easier for people to raise such questions and not feel they are disloyal," Roach said. "We help them form a language that can be used in urging steps to avoid war." Churches have kept up their public commentary at each new twist in the crisis. A national meeting early this month in Los Angeles of about 70 clergy and lay regional officials of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) praised Bush for his proposal of high-level, U.S.-Iraqi talks in Baghdad and Washington. But the group's pastoral letter, expressing "grave concerns" over war, asked its 1 million members to write to government leaders to support all diplomatic initiatives. Likewise, United Methodists in 400 Southern California and Hawaii churches were recently asked by their regional Council on Ministries to write Congress and the White House, and to cite denominational principles against "interventions by more powerful nations against weaker ones." The council also suggested peace vigils and armbands to symbolize their concern. Many church leaders say they hope to balance their opposition to war with compassion and sensitivity toward church members involved in the military buildup. "We want to make sure that we don't make the same mistakes that were made during the Vietnam conflict, where criticism of the conflict was taken as criticism of the individuals caught up in that conflict," said Steve Smith, a Presbyterian regional official based in Los Angeles. "There are no hawks. Most are hoping that it will end peacefully," said Smith. Some local congregations near Southern California military bases have conducted letter-writing campaigns to servicemen and women stationed in Saudi Arabia. About 550 Frisbees with personal Christmas greetings attached will be distributed Dec. 25 to troops in Saudi Arabia -- courtesy of members of the Northridge United Methodist Church. Among vigils for peace held in the Southland was a day of prayer and fasting Friday at New Life Community Church in Artesia, a Reformed Church in America congregation. Many church

LA122290-0107_3

CALTRANS STUDY FOCUSES ON NEW CAR-POOL LANES

asphalt separating them from the heavy traffic, motorists in the Irvine car-pool lanes seem to have less reluctance to ease up on the gas pedal when traffic slows in the other lanes, El-Harake said. Moreover, preliminary results show that the wide buffer acts as more of a deterrent to motorists who might otherwise skip across the double-yellow lines to sneak into the car-pool lane. As deciphered from the videotapes, the violation rate on any given day ranged from less than 1% to 1.5%, well below the current average of 4% on the Costa Mesa Freeway car-pool lanes, which feature a four-foot buffer along most of their length. "I think this bigger buffer represents a real mental barrier for most people," El-Harake said. "They just don't want to risk crossing something that wide. They're almost behaving as if they have a physical barrier there." An offshoot of the improvements, he said, may be reflected by the number of people using the commuter lanes. The San Diego Freeway's car-pool lanes through Irvine have managed to pick up a large number of users far more quickly than did the commuter lanes on the Costa Mesa Freeway. During peak periods, about 1,450 cars an hour are using the Interstate 405 car-pool lanes, which opened in May. The lanes on the Costa Mesa Freeway had only about 800 cars an hour after they were in use a half-year, El-Harake said. Such results have convinced El-Harake and other commuter lanes specialists at Caltrans that the wide-buffer car-pool lane is the wave of the future. Although the larger buffer cannot prevent accidents -- unlike a concrete barrier -- they are far less expensive, he said. In addition, a concrete barrier takes up just about as much real estate because of the need for shoulder space. While the cameras along the San Diego Freeway are providing authorities with rolls and rolls of videotape, none of it is being used by law-enforcement agencies for any purposes, El-Harake said. But the cameras eventually might play a role in helping to police the freeways. After the car-pool lane study is completed next year, Caltrans plans to install microwave equipment at each overpass so the video pictures can be relayed to monitors in the newly opened Orange County traffic operations center in Santa Ana. Authorities then will be able to detect traffic accidents or other problems much more quickly and dispatch help.

LA122290-0110_0

ORANGE COUNTY FOCUS: ANAHEIM; TEEN MOMS NURTURE EDUCATION

December 22, 1990, Saturday, Orange County Edition About 20 teen-age mothers brought their diaper bags, strollers and babies to Gilbert High School on Friday for the continuation school's annual baby celebration. In the past two years, there have been about 40 births to students at the school. "These girls have a tough enough time," said Shirley Wood, who teaches the Pregnant Girl Program. "They need a positive experience. We say, 'Hey, you're OK and we love your children.' " Unlike state and nationwide trends, teen birth rates are slightly on the rise in Orange County, according to 1988 statistics, the most recent available. In Anaheim, it's "epidemic," Wood said. The Anaheim Union High School District has had no formal family life curriculum since 1969 when a lawsuit was brought against the district. Its birth rate for 15- to 17-year-olds is second only to Santa Ana Unified in Orange County. "It's an acceptable thing, not a disgrace like it used to be," Wood said. "It's an in thing for a lot of them." One girl at the celebration said she got pregnant to please a former boyfriend. Another said she wanted to spite her divorcing mother. "I wanted something," she said. "My mom took my dad away. She can't take my son away." Cuddling her 9-month-old daughter, Brittany, Tamara Henley, 18, said she was ready for the responsibilities of marriage, family and work, and plans to enter Cypress College next fall. She and her husband, Tom, 20, a mechanic, live in an apartment a few blocks from the school and plan to buy a home in March. A minority of the girls in Wood's program are working, and a few receive welfare. But most are living at home with their parents, who are frequently single mothers themselves, Wood said. At continuation school, the girls study at their own pace, completing their required schoolwork on a contract basis and also taking electives in pregnancy, child care and development and parenting. The babies cooed, cried and toddled around a twinkling Christmas tree in the school registration area, as the mothers chatted with teachers and each other while students passed by in between classes. Wood said it appeared that the young mothers had benefited from her classes because the babies looked "healthy, well-nourished and clean." The young mothers' academic skills vary widely, but in general, they perform better academically than average students, said Jerry

LA122290-0113_0

WRONG-WAY DRIVER GETS READ RIGHTS; NEAR-DISASTER: THE SUSPECTED DRUNKEN MAN TRAVELS ALMOST A MILE ON THE SANTA ANA FREEWAY BEFORE CHP CAN STOP HIM.

December 22, 1990, Saturday, Orange County Edition A suspected drunken motorist drove the wrong way on the Santa Ana Freeway for almost a mile Thursday night, but patrol officers were able to stop him before a collision occurred, the California Highway Patrol said. "He's real lucky he didn't kill anybody," CHP Officer Linda Burrus said. "We just happened to be at the right place at the right time this time." John Matthew Tafe, 36, of Perris was booked on a misdemeanor charge of driving while under the influence of alcohol after he was stopped at the Chapman Avenue exit, just north of the Garden Grove Freeway interchange, Burrus said. The incident began shortly after 9 p.m. when CHP dispatchers began receiving reports that a motorist was driving on the wrong way on the Santa Ana Freeway. Burrus said that a motorist spotted Tafe's 1987 red Ford pickup truck entering the Flower Street exit of the southbound side of the freeway. By the time three CHP units were alerted, dispatchers received two more calls from people who saw Tafe speed northbound on the southbound side of the freeway, Burrus said. One CHP unit, driven by Officer Jim Malner, was nearby and got on the northbound side of the freeway to try to get ahead of Tafe, Burrus said. Looking over the center divider Malner and his partner, Officer Jim Ward, spotted Tafe going in the same direction and sped up to head him off near the Chapman Avenue exit, Burrus said. While other units attempted to reach Tafe from behind, Malner and Ward entered the freeway on the wrong side from the Chapman exit and drove along the shoulder with the unit's headlights and emergency lights flashing. "(Malner) put everything on to blind him so he (Tafe) would have to stop," Burrus said. The ploy worked, Burrus said, because Tafe slowed down onto the shoulder and stopped in front of the patrol car. Earlier this month, two people were killed and a third was critically injured when a car heading the wrong way on the San Diego Freeway collided head-on with another vehicle. According to the CHP, Faith Robinson, 23, of Fountain Valley had driven the wrong way on the freeway for more than eight miles when the accident occurred Dec. 1. CHP dispatchers said they began receiving calls about 4:30 a.m. that Robinson had entered the San Diego Freeway through

LA122290-0113_1

WRONG-WAY DRIVER GETS READ RIGHTS; NEAR-DISASTER: THE SUSPECTED DRUNKEN MAN TRAVELS ALMOST A MILE ON THE SANTA ANA FREEWAY BEFORE CHP CAN STOP HIM.

was booked on a misdemeanor charge of driving while under the influence of alcohol after he was stopped at the Chapman Avenue exit, just north of the Garden Grove Freeway interchange, Burrus said. The incident began shortly after 9 p.m. when CHP dispatchers began receiving reports that a motorist was driving on the wrong way on the Santa Ana Freeway. Burrus said that a motorist spotted Tafe's 1987 red Ford pickup truck entering the Flower Street exit of the southbound side of the freeway. By the time three CHP units were alerted, dispatchers received two more calls from people who saw Tafe speed northbound on the southbound side of the freeway, Burrus said. One CHP unit, driven by Officer Jim Malner, was nearby and got on the northbound side of the freeway to try to get ahead of Tafe, Burrus said. Looking over the center divider Malner and his partner, Officer Jim Ward, spotted Tafe going in the same direction and sped up to head him off near the Chapman Avenue exit, Burrus said. While other units attempted to reach Tafe from behind, Malner and Ward entered the freeway on the wrong side from the Chapman exit and drove along the shoulder with the unit's headlights and emergency lights flashing. "(Malner) put everything on to blind him so he (Tafe) would have to stop," Burrus said. The ploy worked, Burrus said, because Tafe slowed down onto the shoulder and stopped in front of the patrol car. Earlier this month, two people were killed and a third was critically injured when a car heading the wrong way on the San Diego Freeway collided head-on with another vehicle. According to the CHP, Faith Robinson, 23, of Fountain Valley had driven the wrong way on the freeway for more than eight miles when the accident occurred Dec. 1. CHP dispatchers said they began receiving calls about 4:30 a.m. that Robinson had entered the San Diego Freeway through the Westminster off-ramp. As officers jockeyed into position to form a traffic break and head her off, Robinson neared the Bristol Street exit and smashed into a car driven by Sang In Ahn, 50, of Irvine. Ahn died shortly after that crash. His 47-year-old wife, Ook-Ja, remains hospitalized at UCI Medical Center in Orange. Robinson, who died six days later, was determined to have a blood-alcohol level of .15, almost double the legal limit, authorities said.

LA122290-0121_3

BANDLEADER RECALLS DREADED BUNNY HOP; MUSIC: RAY ANTHONY AT 68 LOOKS BACK AT A LONG MUSICAL CAREER. HE'LL OPEN AT DISNEYLAND ON CHRISTMAS DAY.

of these people, that's really a tribute," he said. Along with his old-time fans, Anthony pulls in younger listeners with the sound of his music, making for an age spread that's also reflected on his bandstand. The oldest member of his 18-piece outfit is 78-year-old alto sax legend Marshal Royal, and the band also includes Anthony's brother, Leo, and other members who go back several decades with him. Others are vets of the bands of Count Basie, Harry James, Tommy Dorsey, Miller, Woody Herman and Buddy Rich. Anthony said there is also no shortage of good young players available to swing bands. His group regularly features a number of 30-ish players, including Orange County saxman Eric Marienthal, who also has a steady gig with Chick Corea and a successful solo career (Marienthal isn't expected to make the Disneyland shows). "Eric is sensational. To find a guy as good as he is at our kind of music as well as at everything in the current crop of music -- obviously what he does with Chick Corea is not what he does with us -- he's an example of the more outstanding young players." Citing the new listeners that Linda Ronstadt brought to big-band music with her Nelson Riddle-orchestrated albums and the recent success of Harry Connick Jr., Anthony thinks the big-band scene is looking brighter than it has in many years. He also has played no small part in increasing its audience. A decade ago he formed "Big Bands '80s," an operation run out of his home that is dedicated to promoting the music. He claims it has greatly increased the amount of radio play that big-band music receives, and Anthony now has a sizable cottage industry on his hands, making the often hard-to-find music available to listeners by mail order. "We've got up to about 1,000 stations playing big-band music as part of their format now. Then the people that heard those programs wanted to buy records and the shops weren't carrying big band music to any extent. Most stores only had a small area for it, and the people that enjoyed the music wouldn't go into those stores, because they were being handled by young kids who knew more about rock 'n roll. So we thought we'd start a sort of one-stop (record distributor) where they could get just that particular type of product. We started with a couple

LA122290-0133_4

THE ONLY AGREEMENT ON CRIME: NO EASY ANSWERS; LAW ENFORCEMENT: OFFICIALS PAINT A BLEAK FUTURE FOR THE SHORT TERM, DIFFER ON POSSIBLE LONG-TERM SOLUTIONS.

Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) and other programs in which police help teach school-aged children how to avoid drugs. Launched by the Los Angeles Police Department in 1983, DARE programs have spread to 3,500 law enforcement agencies in all 50 states. Recent nationwide surveys have shown that drug use among high school students, after more than doubling between 1975 and 1988, has declined in the last two years, but authorities say it may be too soon to know whether anti-drug education is responsible. In Miami, court officials believe that they have found a truly viable solution to drug abuse -- use of acupuncture on addicts. People arrested in Miami for the first time on drug possession charges are given the option of going to court and facing jail or attending a year of outpatient counseling and treatment, the key aspect of which is having needles regularly inserted in each of their ears. "It seems to lessen the craving for crack cocaine," said Judge Herbert M. Klein, who devised the program. "It quiets the person down, makes them more amenable to treatment." More than 1,400 arrestees have completed the treatment since June, 1989, when the program began, or are presently enrolled. Only about 3%, Klein said, have been rearrested on drug charges. Gangs In 1985, there were an estimated 45,000 gang members in Los Angeles County. Today, there are 90,000. Despite a myriad of get-tough efforts by police, street gangs are not only growing in number but in violence: more than one out of every three homicides countywide are gang-related today compared to one in 10 in 1980. If forceful law enforcement does not deter street hoodlums, what will? Grudgingly, but increasingly, police officials say that the solution also must incorporate better schools, recreational opportunities, counseling programs and jobs. "Law enforcement (alone) cannot break the cycle," Block said, "only social improvements can break it." Many sociologists point to the late 1970s and cutbacks in government-funded programs when offering explanations of why gangs in Los Angeles have proliferated. With limited educational and employment opportunities, they contend, many young people have joined gangs for lack of anything else to occupy their time. Wholesale roundups of suspected gang members, most notably the Los Angeles Police Department's recurrent "Operation Hammer," have only worsened the situation, some say, because arrests often are followed with little or no jail time. "These people," Block said, "often are right

LA122290-0133_7

THE ONLY AGREEMENT ON CRIME: NO EASY ANSWERS; LAW ENFORCEMENT: OFFICIALS PAINT A BLEAK FUTURE FOR THE SHORT TERM, DIFFER ON POSSIBLE LONG-TERM SOLUTIONS.

improve "the kind of service we think (Los Angeles residents) ought to get. People shouldn't have to put up with the car being stolen or broken into, but we reach a point where we are unable to deal with the mass of calls -- it just keeps going up and up and up." Could harder work by present members of the department or an increase in departmental strength reduce crime? A 1967 study by the President's Crime Commission estimated that a police officer on routine patrol in Los Angeles could expect to detect a burglary in progress once every three months and happen upon a robbery every 14 years. After the number of patrol cars were doubled and tripled during a 1973 experiment in some areas of Kansas City, Mo., researchers concluded that, "routine . . . patrol in marked cars has little value in preventing crime." Such studies, experts say, demonstrate the limitations of law enforcement. "We -- police officials, government leaders, citizens, all of us -- would do well to abandon our quixotic faith that there is a police solution to the problem of criminal violence," wrote criminologist Charles E. Silberman in his 1978 treatise, "Criminal Violence, Criminal Justice." Short of creating a police state, putting more officers on the street would not make a measureable dent in street crime, according to Silberman and others. More could be achieved, they say, through closer interaction between civilians and the police. Most crimes, in fact, are not solved by detectives sifting through evidence, but by ordinary citizens who come forward with information that leads police to a suspect. "Members of the public have a critical role to play in crime control," San Jose Police Chief Joseph McNamara has said. "They are far more likely to play that role if the cop is someone they know and like, instead of his being a brusque, aloof, stranger." Juvenile Justice By the time most criminals are sent to prison for burglary, robbery or worse, they already have been arrested and convicted for crimes committed as juveniles. In Los Angeles, the first arrest usually ends with the juvenile being admonished by police officers and released. Arrested and convicted after that, he will probably be granted probation and ordered to stay home under parental supervision. Arrested and convicted again, he may spend a few weeks in a juvenile hall or work camp. Arrested and convicted

LA122290-0133_8

THE ONLY AGREEMENT ON CRIME: NO EASY ANSWERS; LAW ENFORCEMENT: OFFICIALS PAINT A BLEAK FUTURE FOR THE SHORT TERM, DIFFER ON POSSIBLE LONG-TERM SOLUTIONS.

Justice." Short of creating a police state, putting more officers on the street would not make a measureable dent in street crime, according to Silberman and others. More could be achieved, they say, through closer interaction between civilians and the police. Most crimes, in fact, are not solved by detectives sifting through evidence, but by ordinary citizens who come forward with information that leads police to a suspect. "Members of the public have a critical role to play in crime control," San Jose Police Chief Joseph McNamara has said. "They are far more likely to play that role if the cop is someone they know and like, instead of his being a brusque, aloof, stranger." Juvenile Justice By the time most criminals are sent to prison for burglary, robbery or worse, they already have been arrested and convicted for crimes committed as juveniles. In Los Angeles, the first arrest usually ends with the juvenile being admonished by police officers and released. Arrested and convicted after that, he will probably be granted probation and ordered to stay home under parental supervision. Arrested and convicted again, he may spend a few weeks in a juvenile hall or work camp. Arrested and convicted a fourth time, he might be committed to the California Youth Authority. When he reaches adulthood, authorities say, it may be too late to change his criminal ways by sending him to prison. "The juvenile system is operating backwards," said D.A. Reiner. "You don't stake a tree when it is already grown and twisted, but when it is a sapling. The juvenile justice system affirmatively creates habitual criminals even as it is trying to be compassionate." The concept of leniency extended to young offenders, Reiner and other critics contend, enforces criminal behavior by essentially teaching offenders that the system will tolerate all but the most heinous crimes. A long-term study released this year by the state Task Force to Promote Self-Esteem stressed that youths should be punished with a "reasonable sanction to every criminal act, regardless of how minor." Forcing a youngster to face the consequences of his criminal actions, the study concluded, would make him more accountable, enhance his self-esteem and deter him from future criminal behavior. "By the time we get very serious about these people, they have developed a pattern or lifestyle of criminal behavior that is difficult to break," said Sheriff Block. "We have to do

LA122290-0135_2

PAN AM SAYS IT MIGHT AGREE TO A TWA MERGER; AIRLINES: BUT PAN AM INSISTS THAT ITS SUITOR WOULD HAVE TO HELP WITH ITS DIRE CASH NEEDS DURING THE FIRST THREE MONTHS OF '91.

for continuing to evaluate financing and a merger possibility and we are in the process of doing so." Sources said TWA would need help from banks to provide the bridge financing, a sum that exceed $100 million. Icahn would probably insist in any loan arrangement on a pact that would make him a so-called debtor-in-possession. That would give him a priority claim on assets if Pan Am filed for bankruptcy, as some observers expect is unavoidable. But most analysts believe that Icahn will prove neither able nor willing to come up with interim financing -- and thus that the merger will never transpire. "No one in their right mind is going to advance Pan Am any meaningful amount of money unless they are absolutely certain that Pan Am will not go into Chapter 11 bankruptcy," said John V. Pincavage, an airline analyst with the Transportation Group, an affiliate of the Paine Webber investment house. In a bankruptcy, he explained, a judge might cancel a merger deal "or throw the money into the pot that would be set aside for the creditors" -- not for the interim lender. Another analyst, who declined to be identified because the situation is so "delicate," said: "Plaskett is not enamored with the deal but he needs the bucks." "Furthermore, it is not a combination that solves any problems" for the two embattled carriers, the analyst said. "They will have the ability to sell their duplicate route authorities, but that's the only advantage," he said. "But otherwise there are major problems: The separate labor groups must be integrated, both airlines have old airplanes and there are greatly underfunded pension funds at both carriers." Yet Morton S. Bayer, chairman of Avmark, Inc., an Arlington, Va., aviation consulting firm, said the combination would be favorable. "There are definite strengths," he said. "They have the capability of greatly increasing their domestic feed of traffic into overseas routes. And they have numerous dormant overseas routes that they could activate." THE AIRLINES AT A GLANCE PAN AM Year ended Dec. 31 1989 1988 1987 Sales (millions) $3,561 $3,569 $3,593 Net income (loss) (millions) (452) (97) (265) Assets: $2,441,000,000 Employees: 27,769 Fleet: 130 jets Transatlantic flights (4Q, 1989): 1,895 TWA Year ended Dec. 31 1989 1988 1987 Sales (millions) $4,507 $4,361 $4,056 Net income (loss) (millions) (287) 250 45 Assets: not available Employees: 32,577 Fleet: 220 jets Transatlantic flights (4Q, 1989): 1,947

LA122290-0138_0

GENENTECH GETS OK ON DRUG FOR IMMUNE ILLNESS

December 22, 1990, Saturday, Home Edition Genentech said Friday that it received Federal Food and Drug Administration approval to market a genetically engineered drug to fight chronic granulomatous disease, a rare, inherited disorder of the immune system. The drug, Actimmune, is a form of interferon gamma and is the first approval in the United States of a interferon gamma product. It is Genentech's third approval of a recombinant drug that it will market itself. Genentech developed Actimmune under the Orphan Drug Act, which will give it exclusive rights to market it for this particular disease for seven years. The company used the announcement of the approval as an opportunity to reaffirm its support for act. Although President Bush earlier this year vetoed one bill that would have altered the act, Genentech expects additional challenges to the law. Actimmune marketed for this disease won't be a blockbuster for the South San Francisco-based company -- although it hopes other proposed uses of interferon gamma will prove important sources of revenue. But for as many as 400 children across the country who suffer from chronic granulomatous disease, the FDA approval means they have a better chance of making it to adulthood. This rare immune system disorder used to be called "deadly granulomatous" because it so often claimed children before they reached age 12. Larry Hudson, a 13-year-old with the disease, will spend Christmas at home in Prospect, Ore., this year. Just this week, he went snow tubing for the first time. These ordinary events have special meaning to Larry's parents, Laqueta and Daniel Hudson. Laqueta Hudson perhaps makes the case for continued support of the drug act more elegantly than the company could. "This is a real blessing to have this drug," she said. "We're not living in terror anymore" and waiting for the next infection to strike. Larry is one of many children who have received the drug as part of clinical trials. He gets injections three times a week, which he says he doesn't like and tries to put off. But even that is better, he readily admits, than going through the hassles and pains of previous drugs and treatment. And especially, the infections. Five years ago, Larry was in the hospital for two months -- including Christmas -- recovering from surgery to remove a large growth on his brain and to treat many small tumor-like formations in his lung, both

LA122290-0138_1

GENENTECH GETS OK ON DRUG FOR IMMUNE ILLNESS

reaffirm its support for act. Although President Bush earlier this year vetoed one bill that would have altered the act, Genentech expects additional challenges to the law. Actimmune marketed for this disease won't be a blockbuster for the South San Francisco-based company -- although it hopes other proposed uses of interferon gamma will prove important sources of revenue. But for as many as 400 children across the country who suffer from chronic granulomatous disease, the FDA approval means they have a better chance of making it to adulthood. This rare immune system disorder used to be called "deadly granulomatous" because it so often claimed children before they reached age 12. Larry Hudson, a 13-year-old with the disease, will spend Christmas at home in Prospect, Ore., this year. Just this week, he went snow tubing for the first time. These ordinary events have special meaning to Larry's parents, Laqueta and Daniel Hudson. Laqueta Hudson perhaps makes the case for continued support of the drug act more elegantly than the company could. "This is a real blessing to have this drug," she said. "We're not living in terror anymore" and waiting for the next infection to strike. Larry is one of many children who have received the drug as part of clinical trials. He gets injections three times a week, which he says he doesn't like and tries to put off. But even that is better, he readily admits, than going through the hassles and pains of previous drugs and treatment. And especially, the infections. Five years ago, Larry was in the hospital for two months -- including Christmas -- recovering from surgery to remove a large growth on his brain and to treat many small tumor-like formations in his lung, both caused by the disease. For many parents, the treatment costs have been devastating, especially because, as an inherited disease, it often afflicts more than one child in a family. Dr. John Curnutte, an expert in the disease who conducted trials of Actimmune through Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation in La Jolla, said that in trials of the drug, there was a 70% decline in the number of serious infections and that patients spent only one-third the usual number of days in hospital. In Hobbs, N.M., two of the three children of Jeannene and Lenard Wagner have the disease. Having the drug approved is "an excellent Christmas present," said Jeannene Wagner.

LA122389-0007_1

MOTORCYCLIST CHARGED IN BONITA DEATH OF JOGGER

given a blood-alcohol test until "two or three hours" after the accident, according to CHP officials. If convicted on the charges, all felonies, Covey could be sentenced to a maximum of four years in state prison, a district attorney's spokeswoman said. Rossi's husband of 10 years, Tom, said he is not completely satisfied with the district attorney's decision. "I'm pretty happy, but I was wishing for some stronger charges," he said. "When you have had problems with some of your evidence, that's the best that you can do." Frank Rockwell, the attorney representing Covey, called it "a most tragic accident and obviously my client feels terrible about it . . . but obviously I don't think that Mr. Covey is guilty of what he's charged, and we will successfully defend him." Rossi, 33, blames the CHP for "messing up" the case in the beginning, but he said the Highway Patrol has compensated by putting extra effort into the case. Covey "had better get some time in jail," said Rossi, who now takes care of their three children, sons 8 and 6, and a daughter, 3. "To me it's the same as walking out with a gun and killing someone if he just gets probation." "At least I can go through Christmas a little bit better now because he's been charged," said Rossi. "Two months is a long time. I'm getting over it now, a little bit, but it was really frustrating at first." Jennifer Yackle, the deputy district attorney assigned to the case, declined to comment on any mishandling of the situation by the CHP, saying only that the CHP had "admitted that they wanted to have handled it better" and that "they did an excellent job of following up on the investigation." Blood-alcohol tests administered to Covey after the accident showed that he did have a blood-alcohol level above 0.10%, the level at which a driver is legally intoxicated, Yackle said. Yackle, however, declined to specify Covey's blood-alcohol level. The delay in taking a blood-alcohol test in the incident is "one factor that will have to be taken into account" in the trial, Yackle said. She refused, however, to say whether or not more serious charges could have been filed had the test been taken immediately after the accident, saying that to do so would be "pure guesswork." Covey will be arraigned Jan. 5 in South Bay Municipal Court.

LA122389-0013_0

EX-PROSECUTOR CONVICTED IN TRAFFIC DEATH SETTLES WITH VICTIM'S FAMILY FOR $225,000

December 23, 1989, Saturday, San Diego County Edition The children of an Escondido schoolteacher killed in a 1988 car crash have agreed to accept $225,000 to settle a lawsuit they brought against a former prosecutor who was driving while drunk and was convicted of manslaughter, a lawyer said Friday. Carol Benson's three children agreed to the deal Thursday, ending the suit they had filed against Charles Van Dusen, a former San Diego County deputy district attorney now serving a six-year prison term stemming from the Valley Center crash, said the children's lawyer, Joe B. Cordileone. The bargain was struck at a special conference conducted by a retired California appellate court judge, Edward T. Butler, Cordileone said. Van Dusen agreed to pay $75,000 and his insurance companies the remaining $150,000, Cordileone said. Because the former prosecutor ended up paying a full one-third of the settlement, that "indicated he felt some remorse," Cordileone said. The children -- twins Catherine and Laura, 20, and Michael, 26 -- probably could have gotten more money if the wrongful-death suit had gone to trial in Vista Superior Court, where it had been filed, Cordileone said. But they agreed to the deal because it appeared to be the "most (money) they would likely recover without great difficulty," he said. The crash took place Sept. 2, 1988. Benson, 45, was driving home for lunch on Cole Grade Road in Valley Center when Van Dusen, traveling about 90 m.p.h. in his Corvette, struck her car head-on. Benson died instantly. Van Dusen received minor injuries. His wife, Susan, a passenger in his car, was not hurt. At the time of the crash, Van Dusen's blood-alcohol level measured .20. A level of .10 means a person is legally intoxicated. A former deputy district attorney in Vista who prosecuted many drunk-driving cases during his career, Van Dusen pleaded guilty in December, 1988, to vehicular manslaughter with gross negligence. Last February, San Diego Municipal Court Judge Jesus Rodriguez sentenced Van Dusen to the six-year prison term, saying Van Dusen had a "longstanding alcohol problem" and had demonstrated an "unwillingness to control or correct" it. Van Dusen, 38, is serving his sentence at the California Men's Colony at San Luis Obispo, Cordileone said. He is eligible for parole in 1992. Benson's children filed their lawsuit last April. Lawyers for Van Dusen and the insurance company did not return phone calls Friday to their offices.

LA122389-0055_0

YOUR STAMPS: GIFT IDEAS TO HELP OUT LAST-MINUTE SHOPPERS

December 23, 1989, Saturday, Home Edition Question: With the holidays upon us, I still have a few more last-minute gifts to buy. What do you recommend as presents for stamp collectors? -- F.L. Answer: Stamp tongs, hinges, small glassine envelopes, perforation gauges, Mylar cover protectors, stock books, reference books on philately, a new stamp album or, of course, one of the standard catalogues of stamp values. All of these are for sale in local stamp shops (addresses listed under "Stamps for Collectors" in the telephone Yellow Pages). Find out what the collectors on your gift list need in the line of accessories, or ask what they collect and get them a few stamps in their area of specialty. If you know who their favorite stamp dealers are, go there; you'll be doing business with dealers who are familiar with their customers' needs. Most post offices sell little books on stamp collecting, as well as kits and souvenir folders for beginners. Most general new-book stores carry the Official 1990 Blackbook Price Guide of United States Postage Stamps, a $4.95 paperback that serves as an excellent pocket-size checklist of all major U.S. stamps listed by Scott numbers. And then there's the 1990 Scott Specialized Catalogue of United States Stamps, which lists the retail values of all major U.S. stamp varieties and provides a wealth of information for people who buy, sell or study U.S. stamps; retail price is $25. The catalogue is for sale by nearly every stamp dealer and in most large bookstores. The Scott Specialized offers a philatelic education in itself. Q: Where can I get some computer software programs for inventorying my stamp collection? -- P.D. A: Try Compu-Quote, 6914 Berquist Ave., Canoga Park, Calif. 91307, telephone (818) 348-3662. They sell software for coins, stamps, and baseball cards. Ask for their catalogue of "Software for Collectors." Q: A dealer offered me a set of two stamps he called the Ronald Reagan signature stamps; he said they were issued by the White House about 20 months ago at $75. He says they are now selling for $400 and implied that since they were rare and investment grade, they could increase 40% in value each year. I checked several catalogues but can't find these items listed. I think they are privately printed labels, like Christmas seals and have, therefore, no philatelic value. -- M.R. A: If it is such a good

LA122389-0057_1

DR. JOYCE BROTHERS: DISCUSS CHILD'S NIGHTTIME FEARS

to keep it on. His grandfather feels this is spoiling him and is convinced he'll grow up to be a sissy because of my "coddling." -- B.P. DEAR B.P.: Grandfather is badly misinformed, and your instinct is correct. Talk with your son about his fears of the dark, let him know that you always want him to discuss anything that's troubling or frightening him and that he's free to turn the light off or on whenever he wishes. Sometimes youngsters associate darkness with being left alone or being lost. Some youngsters associate darkness with death, and if this is the case, it is something you need to explore and talk about. As Dr. Jonathan Kellerman points out in his book "Helping the Fearful Child," for 6-, 7- and 8-year-olds, death is often seen as someone or something who comes in the night. Parents who refer to death as sleep or a journey often have children who develop anxiety about the dark. Maybe you should ask your son if he knows why he suddenly developed this fear of darkness. You may be able to help him overcome his fear by gradually rewarding him for success when, over a period of weeks, he's able to reduce the wattage of the light. DEAR DR. BROTHERS: My neighbor, a woman in her mid-50s, is very strange. Sometimes, she's the nicest person and one couldn't wish for a better, more considerate neighbor, but at other times, she's horrible and almost frightening to me. Her husband told me that she's being treated for what he calls MPD. He says she has more than one personality. How could this be? -- V.T. DEAR V.T.: Drugs and alcohol have nothing to do with this disorder, although if there are multiple personalities, one of these personalities may drink or abuse drugs. MPD, or multiple personality disorder, was considered a separate and highly treatable mental condition by the American Psychiatric Assn. in 1980. It's relatively rare, but there's little question that some individuals do have more than one personality -- even two personalities are enough to meet the definition of MPD. It's believed that these personality splits begin in childhood when some traumatic incident sets it off. Occasionally, as a reaction to serious child abuse, the mind fragments or splits off in order to cope with the pain and a separate personality emerges to deal with the next psychic assaults.

LA122389-0058_0

U.S. RUSHES IN AID TO PANAMA GOVERNMENT

December 23, 1989, Saturday, Home Edition Shaken by the lawlessness and chaos still plaguing Panama more than two days after Wednesday's U.S. invasion, Bush Administration officials have mounted a hurried but massive effort to help organize and put in place a government for that nation's new president, Guillermo Endara. Although concerned that too much U.S. involvement will cause Endara to be viewed as a puppet, Administration officials dispatched political advisers as well as communications equipment, transportation and other material aid to help him. "The State Department has sent down some civic-affairs types to give political advice," a senior aide to President Bush said, "and we're doing what we can to facilitate him in putting things back together as quickly as possible." Restoring law and order and breathing life into Endara's embryonic government, which has supplanted the regime of ousted strongman Manuel A. Noriega, have quickly moved to the top of the list of challenges facing the Administration in Panama. The two problems are now considered even more important than capturing the elusive Noriega, which originally was one of the main objectives of the U.S. assault. Administration officials said problems caused by roving bands of pro-Noriega Dignity Battalion youths and the disabled Panama Defense Forces have created substantially greater complications than were envisioned in planning the invasion. Under Noriega, the Defense Forces served as the country's police force as well as its military. The Administration had not anticipated either the extent of resistance mounted by the Dignity Battalion or the almost complete disintegration of the Defense Forces. Moreover, it has become clear that U.S. occupation forces will remain in Panama much longer than Administration officials originally expected. Although the timetable is uncertain, U.S. troops certainly will be there much longer than the month that Endara said he thought it would take to bring enough stability to allow his government to operate without U.S. military support. A senior Bush aide pointed out that after the Oct. 25, 1983, invasion of Grenada, "it took three months to get things up and running so troops could leave, and that was much simpler because there was nothing left there in the way of a Grenada military." Elements of the main U.S. invasion force began pulling out of Grenada about six weeks after invading, but an American peacekeeping force continued to patrol the tiny Caribbean country until June 12, l985. Administration officials have tried to be

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CONSERVATION PLANS DUSTED OFF BY DECEMBER DROUGHT

of other regions of the state, including the San Joaquin Valley and Tulare Basin, are also "critically dry" and must get rain this year to avoid serious and -- in the case of overdrafted aquifers where pesticides and fertilizers are being concentrated -- perhaps permanent problems. "The problem is that it started well, but it hasn't kept pace with what it should have," Helms said of the current rainy season, which had a promisingly drizzly debut in September but then slid into a dismal series of sunny days. Clear skies not only meant no rain, they meant dry winter winds are free to eat voraciously at the Sierra snowpack and thus threaten runoff in the spring. Helms said the statewide snowpack dipped from above average in October to only 35% of normal at the beginning of December. It has been shrinking daily since, as resort operators know. Badger Pass in Yosemite National Park, for example, indefinitely delayed the traditional Dec. 10 opening of its downhill runs for lack of snow and has limited cross-country skiing to 20 kilometers of trails. The park has trimmed back the number of snowshoe excursions, although ice skating is said to be exceptional. Despite all of this, Helms said it's "too early to panic." Just ahead lie the typically soggy months of January and February, and he noted that "a lot can happen in a short time." In 1986, for example, the state received half of its normal annual precipitation in just 10 stormy days. Also, the construction of several major dams and reservoirs makes it unlikely that the state will suffer as much as it did during the 1976-77 drought. Dan Bowman, a forecaster for the private WeatherData Inc. in Wichita, Kan., said there is some promise of rain early in January if a storm system forming in the mid-Pacific gains enough strength to muscle through the stubborn high-pressure ridge that has diverted other storms north to Oregon, Washington and western Canada. "It (rain) does look more likely early in January than in any time in the past month," he said. Because the system would not arrive for 10 to 12 days, it is difficult to predict accurately how much rain, if any, it will bring or how far south rains might fall. "It doesn't have a real high probability of happening," he said, "but it is better than flipping a coin." The high-altitude

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ROMANIANS TOPPLE CEAUSESCU REGIME; EAST EUROPE: THE DICTATOR AND HIS WIFE FLEE BUCHAREST AS HIS 24-YEAR TYRANNY COMES TO A VIOLENT HALT.

December 23, 1989, Saturday, Home Edition The Warsaw Pact's last Stalinist domino, the tyrannical regime of Romanian President Nicolae Ceausescu, toppled with a violent crash Friday after several days of Europe's bloodiest fighting since the end of World War II. A newly formed Council of the Front of National Salvation, composed mostly of known Romanian dissidents and the army's chief of staff, announced on Radio Bucharest shortly before midnight that it had taken over until free elections can be held next April. Even as they spoke, however, sporadic automatic weapons fire was reported continuing in the capital as pro-Ceausescu forces counterattacked in an apparently doomed, last-ditch effort to overturn the popular uprising, which had grown from a few hundred people to millions in less than a week. Pictures broadcast by Romanian television, which had been taken over by anti-Ceausescu forces earlier Friday, showed what appeared to be thousands of civilians apparently trapped in the crossfire as rival security units battled in the center of the city. Soviet television reported "hundreds dead in the streets." Television also aired footage that showed residents in the western city of Timisoara digging up three mass graves where thousands of victims of last weekend's crackdown are believed to be buried. In Bucharest, the lavish presidential palace, from which the 71-year-old dictator and his wife, Elena, had ruled like medieval potentates for 24 years before they fled by helicopter at about noon Friday, was ablaze, as was part of the Communist Party headquarters building. Ceausescu's whereabouts was still a mystery after conflicting reports by the newly liberated Romanian media, which were monitored in the West. Romanian television reported that he and Elena, who was also his second in command, had left the country for an undetermined destination. But Radio Bucharest, which was also in the opposition's hands, reported at various times that he had been captured, escaped, then captured again. The station also reported late Friday that some of the pro-regime forces had surrendered, and the fighting was dying down. But other die-hards were said to be moving through secret tunnels beneath the city, and pockets of resistance remained. Early today, Bucharest Radio reported that the head of the dreaded Securitate secret security force, which has remained loyal to Ceausescu, switched allegiance and ordered his forces to give up their arms and back the revolt. The report, monitored in Vienna, said that Gen. Iulien Vlad was

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COMBAT IN PANAMA; POLITICAL CHANGES ABROAD CREATING HEAVY DEMANDS FOR U.S. AID; BUDGET: OFFICIALS SEE APPEALS FROM PANAMA AND EASTERN EUROPE COMPETING WITH OTHER DEFICIT BURDENS.

French, the Italians and the British." "The United States is contributing only a small part," he asserted. What is more, some analysts here are expecting Washington to reap a massive "peace dividend" from sharply reduced defense spending as tensions between the West and East subside. The newly available money could far outstrip any extra costs from increased aid. But critics pointed out that the "peace dividend," while always possible in theory, has traditionally proved elusive in practice. And even if the savings materialize, they probably will come too late to ease the budget squeeze for a year or two. The coming year's budget fight is expected to be fierce enough, even without the extra strain caused by demands for more foreign aid. Rep. David R. Obey (D-Wis.), chairman of the House Appropriations subcommittee that handles foreign aid issues, already has pledged to hold the foreign aid budget hostage unless the Administration relents on proposed domestic spending cuts. House strategists said that they expect Obey to maintain his earlier stance, even with aid to Eastern Europe and Panama at stake. Administration officials said that with events now moving rapidly, the White House has not had sufficient time to draft its own counterstrategy. Planners conceded they are not even sure how much the total tab will be. Aid that Congress already has approved for Poland and Hungary alone will cost nearly $1 billion in the next three years, about double what the Administration had budgeted. Estimates for the likely aid needed by Panama range between $200 million and $1.5 billion. The rest of the East European package is likely to be small, but experts said the United States could end up having to provide some added aid to Mexico or other Latin American debtors if the situations there worsen. The Middle East, too, could flare up next year. Nevertheless, foreign policy experts argued that the outlays will be necessary, both to ensure success in the world's fledgling democracies and to maintain U.S. leadership in global affairs. Congress has cut foreign aid spending sharply in recent years as lawmakers scrambled to save domestic programs from the budget ax. State Department planners said that many smaller countries where the United States could make some gains have been cut out entirely. Former Federal Reserve Board Chairman Paul A. Volcker, traditionally a hard-liner in urging Congress to hold spending down, has argued that spending to maintain

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HOW EVENTS UNFOLDED IN ROMANIA

December 23, 1989, Saturday, Home Edition These events led to the ouster of Nicolae Ceausescu, Romania's hard-line president and Communist Party chief: Nov. 24 -- Ceausescu is reappointed to another five-year term and rejects the democratic reforms being adopted elsewhere in Eastern Europe. Dec. 15-16 -- Protesters ring a church in the western town of Timisoara where authorities want to evict a minister. The minister campaigned for rights of ethnic Hungarians, whose villages were being razed by the government. Dec. 17 -- Thousands of people join the crowd at the church, and riots occur when authorities try to remove the minister. Police reportedly fire guns and water cannon. Some casualties are reported. Dec. 18 -- Dozens of deaths are reported in clashes between police and demonstrators in Timisoara. Romania seals its border with Yugoslavia. In spite of the violence, Ceausescu travels to Iran for a state visit. Dec. 19 -- Shooting and fires are reported in several cities in western Romania. Witnesses say hundreds of protesters may be dead. Soldiers armed with automatic weapons patrol Bucharest streets, and troops surround the capital. Dec. 20 -- 10,000 anti-Ceausescu demonstrators reportedly march unhindered through Timisoara. The government puts troops on a nationwide alert. Ceausescu returns from Iran as scheduled, blaming "fascist, reactionary groups" for the unrest. Witnesses and diplomats say up 2,000 demonstrators may have died. Dec. 21 -- Security forces supported by tanks attack anti-Ceausescu demonstrations in Bucharest, and 13 people are reported killed in the violence. Dec. 22 -- News agencies report the military joins with demonstrators to overthrow the government. Ceausescu and his wife fly from the presidential palace by helicopter, and he is later reported to have been arrested.

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PRESIDENT VISITS AIDS PATIENTS IN U.S. CLINIC; HEALTH: BUSH URGES COMPASSION FOR VICTIMS OF THE DISEASE. RESEARCHERS ARE CALLED HEROES.

advances. He said that the reported success of an AIDS-related vaccine in animals and the use of the drug AZT to treat AIDS patients are advances that stem from basic biomedical research supported by the National Institutes of Health. At the national institutes' clinic in Bethesda, Md., Bush met with two groups of AIDS patients: one composed of adult victims and one of infected children who were accompanied by their parents. One of the children, 9-year-old Brent Lykins, dressed in a blue suit and pink bow tie, told the President: "I hope everyone will be cured." Bush replied to the small blond child: "I believe it will happen." He gave the children small boxes of candy. The fact that Bush met at the Bethesda clinic with gay men suffering from AIDS was hailed by the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force as the first time that the Administration had openly acknowledged that AIDS "has a particular impact on the gay community and gay people." "We hope the President will go beyond a photo opportunity to provide genuine presidential leadership," said Sue Hyde, a task force spokeswoman. "It's about time, eight years into the epidemic. There's not a moment to lose." Hyde called on Bush to push for approval of the Americans with Disabilities Act, which she described as a "civil rights act for people with all sorts of disabilities," including AIDS. In addition, she urged Bush to support funding for an educational campaign on how to prevent transmission of AIDS and for a national health care plan. As of November, 115,158 AIDS cases had been reported to the federal Centers for Disease Control, the White House said. Among them, White House Press Secretary Marlin Fitzwater said, were 1,947 children under 13 years old. Of the total reported cases, 68,441 individuals, including 1,059 children, have died. Fitzwater said that, based on current projections, about 1 million people in the United States are infected with the HIV virus and that available data suggests that, by 1992, the cumulative number of diagnosed AIDS cases will be 365,000, with nearly 263,000 deaths. He said that the federal government had committed $2.25 billion in the last fiscal year to fight AIDS. Bush, who toured the national institutes' center shortly before leaving Washington for the holidays, has maintained an active schedule this week despite the conflict between U.S. troops and supporters of Panamanian strongman Manuel A.

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JURY RECOMMENDS 16-YEARS FOR DRIVER IN 27-DEATH CRASH

December 23, 1989, Saturday, Home Edition A jury on Friday recommended 16 years in prison for the man who caused the nation's worst drunken-driving accident, but families of some of Larry Mahoney's 27 victims said it is not enough. Mahoney, 36, was led in handcuffs out of the Carroll County Courthouse and taken to the local jail after Circuit Judge Charles Satterwhite discontinued his bail. Satterwhite is to sentence Mahoney formally in February. The judge may give Mahoney a lighter sentence, but he may not exceed the jury's recommendation. On Thursday, Mahoney was convicted on 27 counts each of second-degree manslaughter and first-degree wanton endangerment, 12 of first-degree assault, 14 of second-degree wanton endangerment and one of drunken driving. The recommended sentences totaled 611 years, but the jury opted to have them run concurrently. That effectively imposed on Mahoney 16 years of a possible 20-year sentence for assault, the offense that carried the stiffest penalty. He would be eligible for parole consideration in eight years under Kentucky law. The jury determined that Mahoney caused the crash of a church-owned school bus on May 14, 1988, as he drove on the wrong side of Interstate 71 when intoxicated. The crash five miles south of Carrollton caused a fire that killed 24 children and three adults who were returning to the Radcliff First Assembly of God Church. Forty people escaped, but 12 children suffered severe burns. Lawyers noted the irony of Mahoney's being sentenced to a longer term for the burn injuries, which were covered by the assault charges, than for the deaths. The maximum sentence for second-degree manslaughter is 10 years, which the jury recommended on each of the 27 counts. But that was made moot by the recommendation that the prison terms be concurrent, not consecutive. The jury's verdict and sentence recommendations were "a big letdown" for the victims' families, because the state had charged Mahoney with murder in each of the deaths, William Nichols said. His son, William Joseph Nichols Jr., 17, died in the bus fire. "I've forgiven Larry Mahoney, but he's got to pay for his crime, and eight years is not enough," Nichols said. Assistant Atty Gen. Paul Richwalsky, who prosecuted Mahoney, said he was disappointed both by the jury's refusal to convict the chemical plant worker of murder and by the recommended sentence. "I asked for consecutive (sentences) but they gave concurrent," Richwalsky said. "I

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METRO DIGEST / LOCAL NEWS IN BRIEF: UNARMED MAN SLAIN BY POLICE AFTER TRAFFIC STOP

December 23, 1989, Saturday, Home Edition The unarmed man who was shot and killed by Alhambra police Thursday after he bolted from his car during a traffic stop has been identified as a 33-year-old transient. But authorities declined to release his name until the man's relatives have been notified. Police said they stopped the man about 4 a.m. when they noticed his car traveling slowly on Valley Boulevard with the headlights out. After officers questioned him about who owned the vehicle, the man sprinted from the car, police said. Officers ran after him and were searching the area around an apartment building when the man lunged from a dark stairway, police said. He was shot once in the chest.

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GUILTY PLEAS IN AEROSPACE FASTENER CASE

December 23, 1989, Saturday, Home Edition A Burbank company pleaded guilty Friday to five felony charges of selling substandard nuts and bolts used in the space shuttle and other aircraft, and it agreed to pay $625,000 in fines and restitution, authorities said. Lawrence Engineering & Supply Inc. entered its pleas in federal court in San Jose, where in February a federal grand jury had indicted the company on 33 charges relating to fasteners -- mainly nuts and bolts -- that Lawrence sold primarily to the U.S. government from late 1983 through 1987. The other 28 charges were dismissed Friday. In general, Lawrence pleaded guilty to "falsely certifying that aerospace fasteners it sold to the United States met all applicable government standards when, in fact, they did not," Joseph P. Russoniello, U.S. attorney for the Northern District of California, said in a statement. Lawrence was one of several fastener producers that came under scrutiny in the past two years as part of a widespread federal investigation into sales of allegedly bogus aerospace parts. The indictment of Lawrence alleged that the company routinely fabricated the results of safety tests on counterfeit nuts and bolts, then sold the fasteners to government agencies and private companies for use on the space shuttle, the Army's Bradley fighting vehicle, Navy aircraft and United Airlines commercial jets, among other projects. Two Lawrence executives also were indicted: Gary R. Davidson of Saugus, who was Lawrence's quality control manager from 1978 until his departure in 1985, and Ramon Smith of Canyon Country, Lawrence's former vice president and general manager. Davidson pleaded guilty to two felony charges in February and was fined $25,000, said Leo P. Cunningham, assistant U.S. attorney, in San Jose. Smith, who pleaded innocent, is scheduled to go to trial on Jan. 16. Smith's lawyer has said that Smith directed Lawrence's sales and relied on others for quality control and proper certifications of the fasteners in question. A federal investigation of Lawrence began in the summer of 1988 after the National Aeronautics and Space Administration replaced more than 350 of Lawrence's bolts installed in the space shuttle Discovery before its successful launch in September, 1988. NASA had been alerted earlier by one of its subcontractors that some Lawrence bolts might not meet safety standards, and NASA then found that the bolts did not meet strength requirements. United Airlines also confirmed early this year that it had installed

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ORANGE COUNTY FOCUS: HUNTINGTON BEACH; LITERACY GROUP GETS $5,000 FOR CENTER

December 23, 1989, Saturday, Orange County Edition The United Way of Orange County has given a literacy group $5,000 to convert a storage room at the city's main library into a facility with computers to help people learn to read and write. Conversion of the room into a literacy learning area is scheduled to start in early 1990 and be finished by early summer, officials said. The United Way grant was to the Literacy Volunteers of America-Huntington Valley. That organization works with adults who want to learn to read and write. It is based at the Huntington Beach Central Library, 7111 Talbert Ave. The use of computers helps teach illiterate adults how to read and write, said Linda Light, director of the library's Adult Literacy Services. "It helps them work on phonics and spelling and writing and even math." Light said including computers in the literacy program makes it easier for people to ask for help. "It takes a real act of courage to come to a (literacy) program like this and say, 'Teach me to read and write,' " she said. Light said men and women taking the course can honestly tell their colleagues that they are going to the library "to take computer instruction." She said this avoids the embarrassment some adults feel in telling others that they are learning how to read and write. Information about the literacy program is available by calling the Adult Literacy Services office at the central library, (714) 841-3773. BILL BILLITER

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DR. JOYCE BROTHERS: DISCUSS CHILD'S NIGHTTIME FEARS

to keep it on. His grandfather feels this is spoiling him and is convinced he'll grow up to be a sissy because of my "coddling." -- B.P. DEAR B.P.: Grandfather is badly misinformed, and your instinct is correct. Talk with your son about his fears of the dark, let him know that you always want him to discuss anything that's troubling or frightening him and that he's free to turn the light off or on whenever he wishes. Sometimes youngsters associate darkness with being left alone or being lost. Some youngsters associate darkness with death, and if this is the case, it is something you need to explore and talk about. As Dr. Jonathan Kellerman points out in his book "Helping the Fearful Child," for 6-, 7- and 8-year-olds, death is often seen as someone or something who comes in the night. Parents who refer to death as sleep or a journey often have children who develop anxiety about the dark. Maybe you should ask your son if he knows why he suddenly developed this fear of darkness. You may be able to help him overcome his fear by gradually rewarding him for success when, over a period of weeks, he's able to reduce the wattage of the light. DEAR DR. BROTHERS: My neighbor, a woman in her mid-50s, is very strange. Sometimes, she's the nicest person and one couldn't wish for a better, more considerate neighbor, but at other times, she's horrible and almost frightening to me. Her husband told me that she's being treated for what he calls MPD. He says she has more than one personality. How could this be? -- V.T. DEAR V.T.: Drugs and alcohol have nothing to do with this disorder, although if there are multiple personalities, one of these personalities may drink or abuse drugs. MPD, or multiple personality disorder, was considered a separate and highly treatable mental condition by the American Psychiatric Assn. in 1980. It's relatively rare, but there's little question that some individuals do have more than one personality -- even two personalities are enough to meet the definition of MPD. It's believed that these personality splits begin in childhood when some traumatic incident sets it off. Occasionally, as a reaction to serious child abuse, the mind fragments or splits off in order to cope with the pain and a separate personality emerges to deal with the next psychic assaults.

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WHERE IS MR. SMITH?

December 23, 1990, Sunday, Home Edition Television is a big problem in American political apathy. We need to limit its use politically. There should be one week, and one week only, when candidates should be allowed on television. There should be a week of debates in which candidates' qualifications and backgrounds are discussed, when voters can see them over some time, not just in 30-second bites. If we insist that politicians not have access to television to manipulate, it will be a different world. SKIP PRESS Redondo Beach

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RECORD RACK: TRESVANT COULD COME ON STRONGER; 1/2 RALPH TRESVANT "RALPH TRESVANT"MCA

December 23, 1990, Sunday, Home Edition As the last member of New Edition to record a solo project, Tresvant -- always the group's resident heartthrob -- must have felt a bellyfull of nerves when he decided to do this album. The results are respectable if a bit formulaic and unfocused, never really surpassing the monster he-man grooves of former groupmate Bobby Brown's solo smashes, and too laid back to wallop the misogyny-with-a-backbeat hits of Bell Biv DeVoe. Tresvant's R&B traditionalist style is most similar to that of New Edition's Johnny Gill. Both of them are closer to the old-fashioned soul man approach of a Jackie Wilson or Otis Redding than they are to the new jack swing posture of their young contemporaries in black music. While not as bold as Brown or adventurous as Bell Biv Devoe, Tresvant is not without his strong points. On "Stone Cold Gentleman" and the Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis-produced "Sensitivity," he extends a near-irresistible invitation, presenting himself as a dreamy-eyed antidote to the heavy-handed women bashers of the world. Jam and Lewis produced one other radio-worthy track, "Rated R," and against its rap-laced incendiary beat, Tresvant comes on stronger still. If only the rest of the album contained this much fire, freshness and new jack nerve. Albums are rated on a scale of one star (poor) to five (a classic). CONNIE JOHNSON

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POP EYE: A BANNER YEAR FOR GREED, FOOLISHNESS

The Lives of Quincy Jones," but the only one to insist that his interview be filmed completely in the dark. (His interviewer is shown holding a flashlight on her list of questions.) QUOTE OF THE YEAR: John Connors, a Chicago-based vocalist who makes a living doing Frank Sinatra vocal impressions, admitted: "I've always thought that I sounded much more like Frank Sinatra Jr. than I do his father. But is there a market for a Frank Sinatra Jr. impersonator? I don't think so." SEPARATED AT BIRTH, PART ONE: Perhaps because they both wear dreadlock-style hairdos, Lenny Kravitz is sometimes mistaken for Ziggy Marley, son of the late reggae legend Bob Marley. (Lenny's father is a TV producer named Sy Kravitz.) Sure enough, when Lenny was walking the beach in the Bahamas this year, he was approached by an excited fan, who told him: "You know, your father was such an inspiration. He meant so much to me -- he was the greatest!" Lenny eyed the fan and said, "Sy?" SEPARATED AT BIRTH, PART TWO: In a pop round-up piece, GQ Magazine ran a picture of Bob Mould but identified the thrash-rocker in the caption as being country songstress k.d. lang. POP EVANGELIST OF THE YEAR: MCA Records president Richard Palmese, asked why he gave up studying for the priesthood to join the record industry, explained: "I found it was easier to convince people a song was a hit . . . than convince them that there was a God." BEACH BOYS FAN OF THE YEAR: Just before he died earlier this year, Andy, "Doonesbury's" wisecracking AIDS patient, scrawled these words on a scrap of paper: "Brian Wilson is God!" To which his doctor responded: "Oh, he must have heard the 'Pet Sounds' CD." OVER-ENTHUSIASTIC CENSOR OF THE YEAR: The Pacific Northwest-based record store chain, Meyer Music Markets, slapped an objectionable lyrics warning sticker on Frank Zappa's "Jazz From Hell" album, despite the fact that it was an all-instrumental disc. MATHEMATICIANS OF THE YEAR: Motown Records staged its "Motown 30" birthday celebration this fall, even though the record label's lavish 25th anniversary special took place in . . . 1983. IMPOSTERS OF THE YEAR: Milli Vanilli. Need we say more? LISTENING PARTY OF THE YEAR: Arista chief Clive Davis' lavish October bash in the Grand Ballroom at New York's Regency Hotel, where 200 guests were forced to sit in folding chairs

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KOREAN PILOT GETS 2 YEARS FOR LIBYA CRASH THAT KILLED 80

December 23, 1990, Sunday, Bulldog Edition A Korean Air pilot has been sentenced to two years in prison for causing a crash that killed 80 people in Libya last year. Kim Ho-joon, 54, was found guilty last week by the Seoul Criminal Court of neglecting his duty as captain of the DC-10 that crashed at Tripoli Airport on July 27, 1989, with 119 people aboard. The pilot was accused of trying to land in thick fog without analyzing weather information.

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AT HOME: WINDS OF CHANGE BLOW THROUGH L.A'S HARBOR AREA; SAN PEDRO: EVEN AS FISHING AND CANNING INDUSTRIES HAVE DECLINED, NEW RESIDENTS HAVE BEEN ATTRACTED TO COMMUNITY'S LOCATION BY THE SEA.

to $250,000. High-end prices are usually for hillside properties with views. "My roots are here, so I can appreciate how the housing picture in San Pedro has changed," she said. "In 1974, while I was still married, my husband and I bought a three-bedroom home in the Vista del Oro area for $40,000. That same house is now worth six times as much." Florence and Bill Culpert built their home in San Pedro 40 years ago. "The cost of construction in 1950 was $8 a square foot." said Culpert, a former yacht broker. "Current building costs now run anywhere from $60 to more than $100 a square foot." The Culperts live in the Palisades, a neighborhood once surrounded by Army and Navy installations. Today, the only remaining military presence at Ft. MacArthur is the U.S. Air Force, Culpert said. "When Florence and I moved here, San Pedro was the pits. There were no stores or restaurants to speak of. People like us moved here because the land values were so low. San Pedro was never a fashionable place to live, but that too is changing," Culpert said. The Palisades, Point Fermin, Southshore and Vista del Oro today are considered the preferred neighborhoods of San Pedro. Other identifiable neighborhoods include Vinegar Hill, where an effort is under way to save post-Victorian homes built during the heyday of that district a century ago; Barton Hill, one of the earliest residential areas; the Latino barrio that has developed below Pacific Avenue, and a corridor commonly known as Shoestring Strip, that links San Pedro to the rest of Los Angeles. Largely untouched by the surge of coastal development in the '60s and '70s, San Pedro's older business district fell into decay in the 1950s, though in the past 10 years it has undergone a slow but continual revitalization. The increased interest by investors in San Pedro's potential for development has been a matter of concern to members of the San Pedro Bay Historical Society, who were moved to take inventory of the community's historical and cultural landmarks after entire blocks in the center of town had been leveled for redevelopment. "We have so much history worth protecting," said Flora Baker, a past president of the group and well-known local historian. "We don't want to see picturesque or valuable old homes and buildings being replaced with blocks of condominiums. There has to be some care

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STUDENT ACTIVISM WITHOUT BARRICADES; ABSENT GUNFIRE IN THE GULF, ABSENT A DRAFT, ABSENT BODY BAGS, AN ANTI-WAR MOVEMENT HAS JUMP-STARTED.

December 23, 1990, Sunday, Home Edition If President Bush goes to war against Iraq, he should count on being shadowed by a large, angry anti-war movement. Students will not necessarily lead, but commentators who see nothing but Republicans and hear nothing but silence on campuses may be surprised by the level of student activism. The skeptics commonly invoke "the 1960s" as proof that today's students are largely apathetic. But they wrongly compare the uncertain pre-war present to the high tide of campus protest in 1967-70, when U.S. casualties in the Vietnam War numbered in the tens of thousands. The more appropriate comparison is between today and the period stretching from 1963 through early 1965, when some 25,000 American "advisers" were in South Vietnam but the fighting was small-scale. In 1963, there was some campus unease: The National Student Assn. condemned the repressive policies of South Vietnamese Premier Ngo Dinh Diem and supported the self-immolating Buddhists. But anti-war demonstrations were few. The war was remote, the country unmobilized and students were exempt from the draft. Even the dubious Tonkin Gulf incident and President Lyndon B. Johnson's initial bombing of North Vietnam didn't inspire much protest. Not until the spring of 1965, after U.S. bombing of North Vietnam became routine, did college protest emerge as a regular feature of the political landscape. Even so, apathy on campus was the norm. That spring, though, 25,000 students marched in Washington; teach-ins began at the University of Michigan and spread to dozens of campuses -- all at a time when students still felt insulated from the draft. From then on, military deployment and anti-war demonstrations escalated in parallel. By 1969, when most students were touched by the threat of the draft (vastly more than were actually drafted), and 500,000 American troops were deployed in Vietnam, the same number of protesters marched on Washington, joined by millions from around the country. What is striking is that today -- absent a draft, absent a shooting war, absent body bags -- an anti-war movement has jump-started. For all the hesitations and cross-currents, there is already more protest than meets most eyes, and in the wake of Bush's decision to double the size of the U.S. forces in the Persian Gulf, it has begun to cross the media threshold. Even before the President's decision, teach-ins were being reinvented, sometimes by veterans of the Vietnam teach-ins of 1965, sometimes by

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THE SEX THAT PERESTROIKA HAS FORGOTTEN; WOMEN: FALSELY HERALDED AS THE HOME OF THE LIBERATED FEMALE, THE SOVIET UNION IS MOVING BACKWARD IN POLITICS AS WELL AS IN PERSONAL LIFE.

uncertain what will replace the few supports they had under the old system: state-sponsored day-care for children, health care, assured jobs. These were hopelessly inadequate under the old Soviet regime, but they were better than the looming void. Many Soviets, men and women alike, are skeptical that the new political system will actually produce anything better, so it's not surprising that those who face the greatest political obstacles aren't trying to participate. "Women have never been serious policy-makers here," says Natalia Gevvorkyan, a 33-year-old reporter for Moscow News. "We still do not have any formal feminist movement. Most of the women here do not see how to change their lives for the better." All this makes the United States look like a feminist haven, even though American feminists are quite rightly discouraged these days. The American feminist faces the loss of abortion rights under the Supreme Court, the backlash against affirmative-action laws and the political indifference to President Bush's veto of the Family and Medical Leave Act. That legislation would have eased the burden on working women by guaranteeing men and women unpaid time off to contend with births, adoptions or family medical emergencies. Yet the American women's movement, however disheartened it may seem today, has produced significant and lasting cultural changes that don't exist in the Soviet Union. An estimated 92% of adult Soviet women work for wages, taking care of their children and, often, their aging parents, in a culture that discourages men from helping at home. Soviet women also wait in line for an estimated family average of 2 1/2 hours each day to buy food and other staples. "We don't have things that are absolutely necessary for women -- Tampax, medicine," Ms. Gevvorkyan observes. Finding birth-control devices or pills is very difficult. In 1987, there were 115 abortions for every 100 live births in the Soviet Union; often both abortions and births were without anesthesia, according to feminist publisher Tatyana Mamonova, who recently was a visiting scholar at the City University of New York. Without a culture that supports women's basic needs, it's not surprising that the few Soviet women who have gotten elected to office have worked to ingratiate themselves with the dominant male power structure rather than to challenge its priorities. They "sometimes are very shy to present women's issues," Soboleva observes. Indeed, Svetlanta Goriatchev, a deputy to Russian Republic President Boris N. Yeltsin

LA122390-0060_2

SICK OF HEARING THERE ARE NO QUALIFIED MINORITIES; EDUCATION: RATHER THAN COMPLAIN THAT THEY CAN'T FIND QUALIFIED PEOPLE, THE LAW SCHOOL AT STANFORD AND OTHER PLACES ARE WORKING TO EXPAND THE POOL.

there." Seventeen lawyers have gone through the one-year Hastie Fellowship; eight are now teaching at well-known law schools, including Cornell, UCLA, Notre Dame and the State University of New York at Buffalo. Georgetown University Law School has just started its own Future Law Teachers Program. It accepts one student per year, lasts 18 months, and pays a yearly stipend of $20,000. Regina Jefferson, the first participant, is a George Washington University Law School graduate who formerly worked for the Internal Revenue Service. "She is just terrific. We are confident that she will be launched into an outstanding teaching career," said Associate Dean Peter Edelman. The University of Iowa began a pilot program this fall, structured a little differently. Its participant is treated like an assistant professor and is paid an attractive salary. The programs are not cheap. Brest estimates that the annual cost of Stanford's program is $40,000 per fellow, including stipend and foregone tuition but not overhead. The program receives some funding from the Irvine and Borshcard foundations and several alumni. The University of Iowa's proposals to private foundations have estimated its program's annual cost at $100,000 per participant. So far, it has not received outside funding. Wisconsin's Hastie Fellowship has permanent university funding; Georgetown's program is funded by the law school. Can such programs make a difference? Law students and professors have been arguing for years about the number of minorities qualified to be law professors. The Association of American Law Schools' registry currently lists 859 persons seeking law teaching jobs in the United States. Richard A. Matasar, assistant dean at the University of Iowa Law School, has found that 93 are members of minorities: 53 (or 6.2%) are black, 27 (3.1%) are Hispanic, 9 (1%) are Asian or Pacific Islander, and 4 (0.5%) are Native American or Alaskan Native. The registry is not a complete list; nonetheless, this supply must be compared with the demand for minority faculty, given that there are 174 accredited law schools in the United States. Law-teacher programs could, it seems, significantly affect the size of the minority pool. The programs can also have an impact on the quality or apparent quality of the pool. This topic is controversial. One painful truth is that black students do not finish college with test scores or grades comparable to other students. Law School Admission Council's latest figures show that, in 1988, only 2.7 percent of

LA122390-0080_0

ON TEACHING READING

December 23, 1990, Sunday, San Diego County Edition Sharp-eyed readers of Patrick Groff's Dec. 9 commentary probably gawked at the avalanche of misconceptions and inaccuracies contained in his warning to school boards about whole-language reading and writing instruction. Contrary to Groff, whole-language instruction is direct, systematic, intensive and formal. Whole-language instruction is the product of research that shows that instruction should cater to both sides of the brain, not just the logical left hemisphere. Skills-based, sequential reading instruction educates half a brain. Whole language does not "de-emphasize" word recognition; it merely eliminates insultingly simple, tedious drill-and-practice exercises, which make a significantly large number of kids hate reading and writing. Yes, the whole-language approach encourages students to "omit, substitute and insert words in sentences they read," but it does not "encourage them to make eccentric decisions." Whole language is based upon the belief that our students are intelligent, sensitive human beings who are capable of decision-making and problem-solving tasks that are neither encouraged nor allowed by sequential, skills-based programs. Experimentation with language encourages students to experience reading comprehension as a creative, reconstructive process that empowers them as human beings who are in control of language, not manipulated by it. In terms of sequence, the whole-language approach demands higher expectations than mechanistic programs, which limit students by keeping them locked in the sequence even when they have demonstrated the ability to succeed at higher-level critical thinking skills. Proponents of whole language are enthusiastic because the approach gives us another tool, another way to make reading and writing instruction accessible and meaningful to students, especially those who may not succeed at traditional, sequential methods. A critical question for Groff should be: "Do you understand that there is more than one effective way to teach reading and writing?" One more point -- the most important component of educational effectiveness is not the program, the approach, or the materials. It's a good teacher. JIM JONES, Teacher, Chula Vista Junior High, Chula Vista

LA122390-0104_2

THE OFFSPRING OF TIAN AN MEN; ALMOST A REVOLUTION BY SHEN TONG WITH MARIANNE YEN (HOUGHTON MIFFLIN: $19.95; 342 PP.); CHINA'S CRISIS, CHINA'S HOPE; ESSAYS FROM AN INTELLECTUAL IN EXILE BY LIU BINYAN TRANSLATED BY HOWARD GOLDBLATT (HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS: $22.50; 150 PP.); CHINA MISPERCEIVED; AMERICAN ILLUSIONS AND CHINESE REALITY BY STEVEN W. MOSHER (BASIC BOOKS: $22.95; 245 PP.)

leave for the safety of study abroad. The tragic denouement of China's democracy spring has produced numerous eyewitness reports but none as yet by a key student leader. "Almost a Revolution" is compelling not just because of Shen Tong's inside knowledge of the movement and its discontents but also because of its autobiographical candor. Liu Binyan's "China's Crisis, China's Hope: Essays from an Intellectual in Exile," translated with characteristic grace and skill by Howard Goldblatt, probes the roots rather than the unfolding of the 1989 democracy movement. Forty years ago, Liu participated enthusiastically in the student movement that led to the founding of the People's Republic. He eagerly joined the Communist Party but refused to abandon his spirit of independent inquiry. Such failure to conform to officially established modes of thought was anathema to the revolution's leaders who, once in power, replaced the glowing ideals of a promised "new democracy" with the repressive practices of a "democratic dictatorship." Branded an enemy of the people and expelled from the party in 1957, Liu was sent to the countryside to reform himself through physical labor. Two decades of persecution followed, but when political verdicts were reversed and intellectuals rehabilitated in 1978, Liu was made a special correspondent for the official mouthpiece, People's Daily. His bold investigative reporting revealed abuses of power, inspiring readers long accustomed to a press that concealed the arrogance, corruption and mismanagement of their leaders. In 1987, Liu again was dismissed from the Communist Party, and a year later, he arrived in the United States, the door to his homeland closed as tightly to him as to those like Shen Tong who fled in the wake of the Tian An Men suppression. The publication of his essays, originally delivered as lectures at Harvard University in 1988-89, prompts a reexamination for the post-Mao decade. During the same years that scholars, businessmen and tourists from the West were applauding China's discovery of the capitalist road, economic and social problems spread with alarming speed. Inflation, corruption, unemployment, bureaucratic profiteering, the destruction of the natural environment, the pressure of an insupportable population and the disappearance of any shared moral values had all become apparent by 1983, he asserts, and pervasive by 1985. This created a "puzzlement, pessimism and indignation felt by people all over China . . . a phenomenon very much worth examining, for it is unprecedented in recent Chinese history --

LA122390-0112_2

AWARDING THE 26TH ANNUAL GOLDEN FEATHER AWARDS

Remembrance" on Verve Records. VOCAL GROUP OF THE YEAR: Inner Voices. Organized by Morgan Ames, this four-women a cappella unit is a female counterpart to Take 6 in the beauty of its blend and the ingenuity of its arrangements. Only one album, a Christmas set just released on Rhino. YOUNG MAN OF THE YEAR: Ryan Kisor. No, you have not heard of him, but it won't be long. He is the astonishingly fluent 17-year-old high school student from Sioux City, Iowa, who last month won first prize at the Thelonious Monk Institute's Louis Armstrong Trumpet Competition, held at the Smithsonian in Washington. FATHER OF THE YEAR: Ellis Marsalis. Need we say more? ALBUM OF THE YEAR (Instrumental): Stan Getz, "Anniversary" (EmArcy). The tenor sax, always a supremely adaptable horn, was never more sublime than in Getz's hands during this live session at a Copenhagen club. Incomparable backing by Kenny Barron, piano; Rufus Reid, bass and Victor Lewis, drums. ALBUM OF THE YEAR (Vocal): Carmen McRae, "McRae Sings Monk" (RCA Novus). With 15 Thelonious themes, set to ingenious lyrics furnished by Jon Hendricks and others, and with a singer who knows Monk inside out, this could scarcely miss. RECORD COMPANY OF THE YEAR: Mosaic. Devoted to painstaking reissues in high-class, high-priced box sets, this mail order outfit has earned a unique reputation. This year it made available most of the classic Commodore Records catalogue, and last month the legendary Charlie Parker tapes preserved by the late Dean Benedetti. No, your local store won't help; try 35 Melrose Place, Stamford, Conn. 06902. JAZZ MOVIE OF THE YEAR: A tough call. "Mo' Better Blues" boasted a splendid sound track, but the plot fell apart. "Listen Up: The Lives of Quincy Jones" was a farrago of three-second sound-and-sight bites that seemed to equate rap with jazz. It seems only fair to hold the award for "Benny Carter: Symphony in Riffs." Though to date it has been shown mainly in England and awaits a wide release here, it is just what a one-hour documentary on a jazz giant should be: musically and historically valuable. BIG BAND OF THE YEAR: The surviving big bands seem to consist of two classes: those that work year-round and are aimed mainly at the nostalgia crowd, and those that work sporadically because their music is ahead of the public's attention span. In the first category are the ghost bands of

LA122390-0113_0

ROCK VETERANS OUTSCORE THE NEWCOMERS

December 23, 1990, Sunday, Home Edition Has rock's youth movement hit the wall? With the exception of winner Sinead O'Connor, the English band World Party and two rap entries, The Times' consensus best albums of 1990 are from artists whose combined discographies would be as thick as the Westside telephone directory. Even Sonic Youth, the most adventurous occupant of the Top 10, has a back catalogue of nine albums. Last year, by contrast, six of the Top 10 were debuts (N.W.A., Neneh Cherry, Tone Loc, De La Soul) or second albums (Fine Young Cannibals, Peter Case). The only debuts this year are the two rap albums, by Ice Cube and Digital Underground. The persistence of patriarchs like Neil Young (whose "Freedom" topped last year's poll), Van Morrison, Paul Simon and Lou Reed reflects not only their own continuing or renewed inspiration, but also less-than-overwhelming efforts by such usual critics' pets as Prince, the Replacements and Los Lobos -- and the inactivity of such others as R.E.M. and U2. Rap might have been the most vital area of pop music last year, but only Ice Cube and Digital Underground represent the genre in the best-album voting. Conspicuously absent are "Fear of a Black Planet," by the critically admired Public Enemy, and the two albums that burned up the charts: M.C. Hammer's "Please Hammer Don't Hurt 'Em" and Vanilla Ice's "To the Extreme." Albums are awarded 10 points for each first-place vote, nine for second and so forth. Here are The Times' pop music critics' first-place choices for 1990 album of the year: Dennis Hunt -- Bell Biv DeVoe, "Poison" (MCA) Mike Boehm -- Neil Young & Crazy Horse, "Ragged Glory" Richard Cromelin -- Lou Reed and John Cale, "Songs for Drella" Darrell Dawsey -- Kool G. Rap & Polo, "Wanted: Dead or Alive" (Cold Chillin') Jonathan Gold -- Slayer, "Seasons in the Abyss" (Def American) Patrick Goldstein -- Sinead O'Connor, "I Do Not Want What I Haven't Got" Steve Hochman -- "Ragged Glory" Connie Johnson -- "I Do Not Want What I Haven't Got" Randy Lewis -- "Ragged Glory" Kristine McKenna -- Nick Cave & the Bad Seeds, "The Good Son" (Mute) Jean Rosenbluth -- World Party, "Goodbye Jumbo" Don Snowden -- Johnny Adams, "Walking on a Tightrope" (Rounder) Don Waller -- Kirsty MacColl, "Kite" (Charisma) Chris Willman -- Was (Not Was), "Are You Okay?"RICHARD CROMELIN

LA122390-0115_0

BAPTISM'S LONG LINES AND EXPENSES MAKE SPIRITUAL STEP BIG BUSINESS

December 23, 1990, Sunday, Home Edition Every Saturday dozens of toddler and infant boys in white tie and tails and girls in flowing white christening gowns fill the pews at Mary Immaculate Church in Pacoima, waiting their turn for the splash of holy water that will mark their entry into the Roman Catholic Church. Overwhelmed by sheer numbers and the children's squawks and screams, the priest conducting the ceremony gets straight to the point. He reminds parents of their commitment to raising their child in the church and warns them against using the occasion an an excuse for overindulgence. Then, row by row, with recorded Mexican folk music playing in the background, parents and godparents line up to approach the priest to receive the sacrament as cameras flash and camcorders roll. Later, the many families head off to catered private parties at rented halls that, despite the priest's admonition, include plenty of drinking and dancing well into the night. In most Anglo parishes and English-speaking Protestant churches, small numbers of children are baptized at regular services once a month. But in churches serving Latino communities, the ceremony has shifted to a special Saturday night service and has become almost an assembly-line operation conducted weekly. Church officials said the mass baptisms began about a decade ago as a result of immigration and a high birth rate among Latinos. Mary Immaculate is typical of Spanish-speaking parishes, where baptism ranks alongside quinceaneras -- the coming-out party for 15-year-old girls -- weddings and funerals as life's most significant milestones. "In our community baptism is seen as essential when a child comes into a family," said Father Bill Antone, a priest at Mary Immaculate. "It is a must in a traditional way, where in more Anglicized communities it is viewed more as an option." In addition to its spiritual significance, baptism is big business in the Latino community, said Jose Pimentel, a salesman at Lilian's Bridal and Tuxedo Shop in San Fernando, where the pricey kiddie tuxedos and gowns are sold. The reason is simple. "Every child has to be baptized," he said. Several San Fernando shop owners specializing in baptism apparel and accessories refused to talk about the trade, either out of suspicion or competitiveness. But the price tags at the shops tell much of the story. The little boys' tuxedos start at $50, while the more elaborate girls' christening outfits made of lace

LA122390-0118_0

MOTORIST'S TROUBLES BEGAN WHEN HE ARRIVED AT HOME

December 23, 1990, Sunday, Home Edition William Henley almost made it home safely Saturday. The 36-year-old Whittier motorist, who authorities said apparently had been drinking, pulled into his driveway about 6 a.m. and kept going. He missed the garage door, the front door and ended up in his living room. Henley had just driven up to his home on Avoncroft Street, when he fell asleep, according to Los Angeles County Sheriff's Sgt. Michael Herek. Henley was not injured in the crash. "Henley did not even know he was in a crash," Herek said. "He stayed passed out through the whole thing." Immediately after he plowed into the house, Henley unconsciously kept applying pressure on the accelerator, causing the engine to rev at high speed, Herek said. The engine overheated and caught fire. The living room also caught fire, as did parts of the kitchen and garage, Herek said. The crash woke Henley's wife, Laura, who thought it was an earthquake, Herek said. "She said she started to roll over and go back to sleep," the sergeant added. But the unusual sound of water flowing through the living room caught her attention, Herek said. A water spigot had also fallen victim to the errant car and driver, and spewed into the house. Laura Henley got up to find the family car on fire inside her living room, and her husband still asleep behind the wheel, Herek said. She woke her husband, their four young children, the children's grandmother and the family dog, and together they watched as fire caused $76,000 damage to their home, Herek said. No injuries were reported. Henley was arrested on suspicion of drunk driving. He denied that he was intoxicated and refused a breath test to determine if he exceeded the blood-alcohol limit of .08%, Herek said. Henley was held at the Pico Rivera sheriff's station jail. In the first 12 hours of the Christmas holiday weekend, at least 300 other drivers in Los Angeles County were arrested for allegedly driving while intoxicated, authorities said.

LA122390-0119_0

SURGEON TIRES OF EFFORT TO PLUG GAP IN TRAUMA CARE; HOSPITALS: A DOCTOR ON CALL IN EMERGENCY ROOMS SAYS THAT DISINTEGRATION OF THE NETWORK PUTS INCREASING STRESS ON THOSE WHO PICK UP THE SLACK.

December 23, 1990, Sunday, Home Edition When it was created in 1983, the trauma care network in Los Angeles County was hailed as the finest emergency medical response system in the nation. Based on trauma care developed during the Vietnam War, 22 hospitals, strategically located throughout the county, were equipped with the best technology and staffed 24 hours a day to respond instantly to life-threatening injuries. Highly trained emergency room doctors, surgeons, anesthesiologists and other specialists stood ready to treat the victims of car crashes, industrial accidents and urban crime. Now, by all accounts, that system has all but collapsed. Faced with increasing violence on city streets, a growing population of poor, uninsured patients, rising medical costs and, from the beginning, inadequate public funds to pay for indigent patients, nearly half of the hospitals have pulled out of the system, increasingly leaving the county's other 80 hospitals with emergency rooms to deal with trauma cases. Doctors are leaving emergency medicine in droves, but one who has hung on is Dr. Robert Pereyra, a 40-year-old vascular surgeon who was trained at Loma Linda Medical School, Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. Now in private practice in Glendale with a group of seven other surgeons, Pereyra does elective operations and is on call for emergency surgery at two private facilities: Glendale Adventist Medical Center and White Memorial Medical Center, where he is chief of surgery. Although not technically part of the trauma-care network, the doctors who work -- often without pay -- in these hospitals are picking up some of the slack of the embattled public emergency care system. It is a job that for a number of years has brought Pereyra considerable professional satisfaction, but at a personal cost that is becoming increasingly hard to bear. Q: What is your role in the trauma network? Do you consider yourself a trauma doctor? A: My speciality is vascular surgery. . . . Forty or 50% of my cases involve fixing arteries on people with arteriosclerosis . . . 20 or 30% preparing (the veins of) patients who are about to undergo (kidney) dialysis. . . . The rest is emergency general surgery and trauma care. . . . I am not a trauma specialist. No one in our group is a trauma specialist, but the nature of our practice, working in inner-city hospitals, and the nature of our training,

LA122390-0119_7

SURGEON TIRES OF EFFORT TO PLUG GAP IN TRAUMA CARE; HOSPITALS: A DOCTOR ON CALL IN EMERGENCY ROOMS SAYS THAT DISINTEGRATION OF THE NETWORK PUTS INCREASING STRESS ON THOSE WHO PICK UP THE SLACK.

to do. . . . But the next day he pulled the tube out himself, realized he was OK, ripped out all of his equipment and just disappeared. Now that was probably $5,000 worth of service to him that was really expert service. . . . We didn't even get the satisfaction of him saying, "Thanks, guys, you did a great job, and I appreciate it." Q: Given who many of your trauma patients are -- drug dealers, gang members, illegal aliens -- why should taxpayers, who ultimately foot the bill, either through taxes or their own health insurance premiums, care whether the county's trauma system works or not? A: Because anyone at any time can become a trauma victim. There are basically three ways you come to be a trauma patient. You are in an industrial accident at work. . . . You are in an automobile accident or have a recreational accident, skiing, hiking in the woods, whatever. . . . Or you get caught in some civilian violence. That may be the Saturday night knife-and-gun club. But you also may be the innocent victim of a mugging. You may simply be in the wrong place at the wrong time, when some random shooting occurs. And that is increasingly happening all over. Q: What can be done to rebuild the system -- or at least to keep it from deteriorating further? A: What is ironic about this is, L.A. County has in place the facilities and the people to have the best trauma program anywhere. . . . The problem is, it's the only (county) in the U.S. where there aren't major bucks being pumped in. . . . I don't know whose fault it is. But I do know what the solution is. . . . If it was profitable to do trauma care, everybody would want to do it, and they would do it better. But it's not profitable. We have made a social decision we'd rather not pay taxes to support trauma care. . . . As it was conceived, the L.A. County trauma system was super, but as it works out, it is a financial disaster. . . . Hospital after hospital has dropped out. . . . Doctors, who used to sue each other to get on emergency room panels because it was prestigious and because they could build a practice that way,

LA122390-0123_1

MINISTER OF JUSTICE; FOR THE WRONGLY CONVICTED, JIM MCCLOSKEY IS A CLERGYMAN AND GUMSHOE WHO OPENS THE PRISON DOOR

was incarcerated in the custody of the L.A. County Sheriff's dept., IN JAIL!!! when this crime happened!" McCloskey knows this sounds outrageous, but no more so than other similar claims that, astoundingly, have turned out to be true. A 48-year-old bachelor who considers himself a "radical disciple of Christ," McCloskey spends his days trying to redeem people who are not supposed to exist. They are the convicted innocent -- people, who, because of police or prosecutorial mistakes or corruption, incompetent defense attorneys, faulty or coerced eyewitness identifications or simple juror misjudgments, are convicted of crimes they did not commit. McCloskey calls his ministry Centurion after the Roman soldier who, the Bible says, was stationed at the foot of the cross, looked up and remarked of Christ, "Surely this one must be innocent." He takes on only the most serious cases, involving people who have been sentenced to life imprisonment or condemned to die, whose appeals are exhausted or nearly so and who are too poor to hire investigative help. Supported by scant contributions from foundations, churches and a few businessmen, McCloskey promises the convicts that he will work for them, at no cost, until they are freed. But he also tells them he will abandon them in an instant if he discovers they have lied. His extraordinary dedication and investigative skills have resulted in the freeing of eight men and women serving life sentences or awaiting execution for rape or murder in Texas, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. His ministry is unique. And there is no secular organization in the United States that does similar work. "He investigates like no one I've ever met," says Dennis Cogan, a leading Philadelphia defense attorney, "and I've come into contact with top-flight police investigators, federal investigators and private investigators. He's single-minded in his dedication, not taken in by a sob story and wedded to one thing -- the truth." Cogan helped McCloskey secure the release early this year of Matthew Connor, a Philadelphia man wrongly imprisoned for a decade for the rape and stabbing murder of an 11-year-old girl. The Philadelphia district attorney's office, which agreed to re-investigate the case at McCloskey's urging, wound up asking a court to free Connor, with the district attorney himself saying, "The evidence isn't there to say he is guilty." Connor's release came during an extraordinary nine-month period in 1989 and early 1990 during which McCloskey obtained the

LA122390-0132_1

ADOPT-A-FAMILY PROGRAM DELIVERS HOLIDAY JOY; GIVING: HARBOR REGIONAL CENTER FINDS SPONSORS FOR 250 FAMILIES WHO HAVE DISABLED LOVED ONES AND PRESSING FINANCIAL NEEDS.

other services to people disabled by autism, mental retardation, cerebral palsy, severe epilepsy or other neurological disorders. The clients range in age from infants to senior citizens. The center's program began in late 1986 when the Soroptimists of Del Amo/Torrance contacted Harbor Regional about sponsoring one of the center's families for the holidays, said John Kauffman, the center's outreach coordinator. "They said they'd like to do something at Christmas as a project," Kauffman said. "And the program just grew from there." This year, the program will serve its largest number ever -- 250 families selected by the center's counselors. The families, Kauffman said, not only have disabled parents or children but pressing financial problems. "They are the very neediest of the people we serve," he said. Chris' family is an example. Last year, the Artesia teen-ager was nearly killed in a gang attack near his home, run down by a pickup truck as he rode his bicycle with a friend. Chris, 14, suffered profound brain damage in the attack, which was aimed at his friend, who belonged to a gang. "One day, he's a normal kid and the next day, he's in a hospital almost dead," said Chris' mother Eva, a single mother of four who asked that her family's last name not be used because her son's attackers remain at large. The incident left Chris unable to walk or talk. It also devastated his family, financially and emotionally. Eight months after the attack, as the family struggled with the new and staggering responsibilities of caring for Chris, Harbor Regional's Kauffman went to their home. He brought with him food, a check for $100 and Christmas gifts including a radio for Chris, who has always loved music. Brenda Smiley, a Harbor Regional counselor, recalled, "After they got the presents, Eva called me up and said, 'You know, I was really starting to give up. I felt like we were headed down a long, dark hole. But when the gifts came, I realized it was a tunnel because there was light at the other end.' " "What really made my heart drop was the check," Eva added in an interview. "I just couldn't believe it. I didn't know there were people like that out there. "I have a load on my shoulders, but I'm strong enough for that. Sympathy, I don't need," she said. "But the help they gave me was

LA122390-0140_1

MONEY TALK: SAVINGS BONDS VS. MUNI BONDS AS COLLEGE FUND

redeem them, if you hold them until maturity, they will not be worth any less than their face value. Zero-coupon municipal bonds, which pay interest only at maturity, are entirely different. You are perhaps confused because in a recent Money Talk column, I compared the state of California's October sale of "college saver" state bonds to municipal bonds. The column noted that the state's bond issue, while in far smaller denominations to appeal to the small saver, was otherwise virtually identical to a zero-coupon municipal bond issue. Municipal bonds and state college saver bonds -- if they are ever issued again -- are available only through selected brokers and financial institutions. There are no payroll deduction plans for such purchases. Will you have more luck with EE Savings Bonds or municipal bonds? No one can say for sure. Each has pluses and minuses that you should consider carefully before making a decision. For convenience and safety, you can't do better than U.S. Savings Bonds. However, if you want to maximize your investment and don't mind taking a little more risk and spending extra time and effort doing research, municipal bonds can be a good investment, especially if you hold them until maturity and select your investment carefully. California municipal bonds are double-tax-free: You pay neither state nor federal income tax on the interest they generate. Traditional U.S. Savings Bonds are still subject to federal tax. Although the U.S. government's new Series EE college savings bonds are tax-free, the tax exemption is gradually phased out for families with an annual adjusted gross income of $60,000 and up. Another point to consider is how you can use the bond proceeds when they mature. There are no restrictions with municipal bonds or college saver state bonds. However, proceeds from Series EE college savings bonds may be used only for college expenses. By the way, zero-coupon municipal bonds or state bonds are best suited to portfolios of only those in the highest tax bracket -- since one of their major advantages is their tax-exempt status. Finally, don't buy them if you think you might have to sell them prematurely. The value of zero-coupon bonds can fluctuate wildly in the secondary market due to interest rate changes, so buyers should plan on holding them to maturity. Parted Couple Can Share Home Tax Break Q: My husband moved out of our house in 1987. There is

LA122390-0141_0

PERSONAL FINANCE: A LAST-MINUTE TAX SHELTER WORTH CONSIDERING

December 23, 1990, Sunday, Home Edition It's like an individual retirement account, but in some ways better. It's one of the few legitimate tax shelters left that you can still pursue this late in the year. And many people who are eligible to have one don't. It's a Keogh plan, and if you have self-employment income, you should consider opening one this week if you don't have one. "Basically, anybody who has self-employment income should be looking at setting up a Keogh," says Edward Rosenson, a tax partner in charge of personal financial planning in the Los Angeles office of the accounting firm Ernst & Young. But many people don't know about Keoghs because "the publicity by far is in favor of IRAs." Sometimes called Super IRAs, Keoghs are tax-deferred retirement accounts that you can set up if you earn self-employment income such as from your own business, professional practice or from a small sideline activity or hobby. If you work for a big corporation by day but moonlight as a screenwriter, painter, carpenter or other self-employed worker, you can put the income from that self-employment into a Keogh. Keoghs have many of the advantages of IRAs. Contributions are tax-deductible. Earnings accumulate tax deferred until withdrawn, presumably when you retire. Assets can be invested in many of the same instruments allowed in IRAs, such as certificates of deposit, stocks, bonds and mutual funds. Like an IRA, you can set up a Keogh at a bank, brokerage house or mutual fund. You also can roll over lump-sum distributions from your pension plan, 401(k) company savings plan or other qualified retirement plan into your Keogh. But Keoghs have some advantages over IRAs. Among them: * You can put more money into them. In fact, the limits for annual contributions are far higher than the $2,000 annual limit on IRA contributions. The exact amount depends on which type of Keogh you choose. In a "profit sharing" Keogh -- the most flexible type -- you can decide each year whether to contribute and how much, up to 15% of your net profit from your self-employment activity, to a maximum of $30,000. In a "money purchase" Keogh, you can contribute a fixed percentage of self-employment earnings each year, up to a maximum of 25%, or $30,000. But you must contribute this same amount every year, unless your business shows a loss. You can also choose

LA122390-0144_0

TERMS OF THE U.S. EMBARGO ARE STRICT

December 23, 1990, Sunday, Home Edition The U.S. trade embargo against Vietnam prohibits Americans from engaging in virtually all forms of commercial relations with that nation. First imposed against the North Vietnamese in 1964 and extended to the entire country in 1975, the sanctions include a freeze on all Vietnamese assets, a ban on financial transactions, travel restrictions and trade prohibitions in all fields except information. The embargo applies to all Americans wherever they live and U.S. subsidiaries incorporated abroad. Vietnamese-Americans wishing to take money to relatives are restricted to $300 per quarter or $750 to relatives preparing to emigrate. In addition, the law imposes a $200 per day spending restriction on any American in Vietnam. Americans are also prohibited from entering or leaving Vietnam on the state carrier, Air Vietnam. However, the embargo does not prohibit Americans from visiting Vietnam, meeting with Vietnamese officials, collecting information or even entering into non-binding agreements. The sanctions are based on the 1917 Trading With the Enemy Act, which allows the President to impose a broad range of economic sanctions to further U.S. foreign policy interests. Other examples include sanctions against Nicaragua and South Africa in 1985, Libya in 1986, Panama in 1988 and the current embargo against Iraq and Kuwait. But the measures against Vietnam constitute the fullest scope of sanctions possible and are similarly imposed only against Cuba, North Korea and Cambodia, according to a U.S. Treasury official. In 1988, Congress passed one exception to the embargo that allows the exchange of books, records, newspapers, dictionaries and other information. As a result, Cable News Network was allowed to install a satellite dish in Vietnam. Another American, a Maryland entrepreneur, was recently given approval to import books and newspapers from Vietnam. Violations of the law carry maximum criminal penalties of 12 years in prison and fines of $250,000 for individuals and $1 million for corporations. Treasury officials could not provide statistics on the number of violations. But the most celebrated case involves Lindblad Travel, a Westport, Conn., firm that went bankrupt under the weight of more than $500,000 in fines after pleading guilty last year to arranging tours to Vietnam. "The U.S. business community really tries to bend over backward to comply with the law, and if there are any questions, your readers should give us a call," a Treasury official said. TERESA WATANABE

LA122390-0148_3

CLASSICS ON CASSETTE: 'SHORT STORIES OF KATHERINE MANSFIELD'

entirely comfortable in the established literary circles of London, Mansfield was both attracted to their members and at the same time felt socially insecure among them as well as critical of their work. A friendship with Virginia Woolf started out promisingly only to end in mutually wary dislike. Mansfield confided to Murry that she felt Woolf's "Night and Day" "a lie in the soul," and Woolf said of "Bliss," one of Mansfield's treatments of the intelligentsia, that "the whole conception is poor, cheap, not the vision . . . of an interesting mind." After listening to Harris' sympathetic reading here, you are free to make your own judgment, and perhaps suspect that something as uncool as jealousy, from the point of view of the Bloomsbury Group, might be involved. Whatever your decision, the stories of the two show striking similarities at times, with the New Zealand upstart frequently the leader in experiment. Her health always precarious, Mansfield spent most of her winters on the Continent, leading to frequent separations from Murry. In "The Man Without a Temperament," she creates a reunion in which the husband, outwardly attentive to the needs of his wife's illness, lives inwardly altogether in their past. In actual life, however, their marriage endured through all the difficulties they had to face, even after Mansfield clearly was in the advanced stages of tuberculosis. In her exploration of the human condition, Mansfield is most effective in her treatment of the sudden revelations of everyday life, frequently those experienced by women and children. Though dealing in both the imagined and given worlds of isolated and lonely figures, she never would have risked on paper a climax as dramatic as her own. Losing faith in the radium treatments prescribed by her doctor, she eventually entered the Gurdjieff Institute at Fontainebleau, believing she could cure herself under the Russian mystic's care. Here she experienced what is called in Medical Latin spes phthisica, "consumptive hope," a false belief in complete recovery, leading to radiant optimism about the future. Murry was able to visit her on Jan. 9, 1923, and they spent a happy afternoon and evening together. Then, as she started upstairs to her room, a massive hemorrhage felled her and she died in a matter of minutes. WHERE TO ORDER TAPES: Produced by Listening Library, Inc., distributed by G. K. Hall & C0., 70 Lincoln St., Boston, MA 02111. Six cassettes.

LA122390-0160_4

POLICE CREDIBILITY ON TRIAL AFTER SUSPECT O.C. CASES

at him twice. Three witnesses, including the child's mother and an observer in a police helicopter, said they did not see a gun pointed at the officer before he fired. A charge of assault on a police officer was dismissed as a result, and a judge made a finding that the officer was not believable in this case. * The Sheriff's Department faces allegations that a deputy and other county personnel deliberately destroyed a key section of County Jail videotape that purportedly would have shown deputies beating an inmate without provocation. The tape, which was cut and crudely spliced back together, was evidence in a federal civil rights suit. The county has claimed that a malfunctioning videocassette player accidentally damaged the recording. No statistics are available on how many times law enforcement officers have embellished testimony, misstated the facts or lied to help make a case. But prosecutors, judges and defense lawyers say credibility problems involving police are not all that uncommon. "It was one of the constant battles I had with police and investigators," said Nick Novick, a retired prosecutor who headed the district attorney's branch office in south Orange County. "Like in any other business, most are pros, and most cops are ethical and straightforward, but you have those who try it." According to court records, hundreds of misdemeanor prosecutions and scores of felony cases are dismissed every month in Orange County courts for a variety of reasons. A number of those, defense lawyers say, are kicked out because of poor investigation or credibility problems. Proven cases of fabrication of key evidence remain rare and in the last decade, there have been a handful of investigations into whether an Orange County law enforcement officer committed perjury. Local prosecutors only recall one case in which an officer was convicted of perjury and fabricating evidence -- a Buena Park police sergeant who falsely linked people to crimes by saying their fingerprints were found at the scene. More common are embellishment, exaggeration, stretching the facts and shoddy investigation. Judges, police and attorneys blame some of this on human error, overwork, inevitable memory lapses and pressures to make a case that can affect an officer's objectivity. "A police officer on the street reacts instantly. They may fully believe in their mind that a gun was pointed at them when it wasn't," said North Municipal Court Judge Margaret Anderson, who handles felony preliminary

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POLICE CREDIBILITY ON TRIAL AFTER SUSPECT O.C. CASES

case were telephone records showing a pattern of calls between Gionis, a private detective and two gunmen who attacked Wayne during a bitter child-custody dispute. Davis' testimony placed Gionis in the limo when calls came in from one of the alleged henchmen hours before the attack. After the tape contradicted Davis, Davis said Gionis must have made another phone call to talk to the chauffeur. The defense put on unrefuted evidence of Gionis' whereabouts, showing that he was not in the limo the morning before the assault. There was no record of a second phone call by Davis to the chauffeur. "Mr. Davis sat right here. You heard him. Fourteen years of law enforcement. Member of the organized crime unit," Barnett told jurors in his closing argument. "Why did (the prosecutor) ask him those questions? Because he wanted to impress you. Those are impressive credentials. . . . But you know that Mr. Davis is lying. Because we proved it. But folks, if you hadn't heard that tape, you would never have known." When serious questions about an officer's honesty arise, they can be investigated internally by the law enforcement agency or weeded out of cases before they become a problem. Sometimes it means dismissing cases or dropping charges to set the record straight. Prosecutors have a legal obligation to rid their cases of potential inaccuracies damaging to a case and must disclose to the defense evidence that might relate to the believability of witnesses and the police. "We have people trying to resolve these things on our side of the fence before charges are filed," said Chief Assistant Dist. Atty. Maury Evans. "If we find something out after that, we try to resolve them before trial." Earley, the spokesman for the defense counsel association, said, for example, that in one death penalty case a map he thought could help corroborate the alibi of the murder defendant was placed in a Garden Grove detective's desk and apparently forgotten. The accused, Son Van Ngo, a bodyguard, claimed that he shot several associates who threatened his life for refusing to participate in a home-invasion robbery. He said a map to the home was made by one of the victims. During jury selection, Earley said, another police officer found the map, which was then turned over to the defense by the prosecution. Ngo was convicted of voluntary manslaughter and spared the death penalty.

LA122390-0164_1

WALESA IS SWORN IN, PLEDGES TO PRESS REFORMS

wore a pin of the Black Madonna of Czestochowa, a holy symbol, on his lapel. His wife, Danuta, the mother of their eight children, stood at his side. He reminded Poles that he is the first directly elected president in the country's history. "The evil era when the authorities of our country were appointed under pressure of foreigners or as the result of forced compromises is ending," he said. "Today we are making a significant step on a long and bloody road to reconstruction of our independence." Walesa offered what could be taken as a brief sketch of his foreign policy horizons, noting historical connections with Poland's neighbors, pointedly omitting any direct reference to the Soviet Union. "Independent Poland wants to be an element of the peaceful order in Europe. It wants to be a good neighbor. Centuries of mutual history link us with the Ukraine, Byelorussia and Lithuania. This applies also to Germany, in which we want to see a friendly gate to Europe. Being culturally connected with the West, we simultaneously want to build a spirit of sympathy and cooperation in our relations with Russia. But we are aware that only a reformed and economically strong Poland will be an equal partner for others." About a third of the new president's brief inaugural address dealt with economic issues, which were key in his campaign for the presidency against defeated Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki, who watched the proceedings from the Parliament gallery. Walesa's campaign criticism of Mazowiecki seemed at times to cut in two directions at once, as Walesa argued that reforms were too harsh to ordinary working Poles but that the changes were also moving too slowly. In the days since his election, however, he has appeared committed to speeding up change, a theme that ran strongly through his speech Saturday. "Poland has achieved much" during its year under Mazowiecki, he said. "Today, the nation expects from us even more -- it expects changes in economic policy and the manner of ruling. The attitude of millions of voters was unequivocal about that. Our reforms must unfold more quickly and more skillfully. . . . "Universal privatization is an equally huge task. Poland should become a nation of owners. Everyone can and should become an owner of a part of the nation's property, part of our homeland. This is the simplest, time-tested road to responsibility. Only in this way

LA122390-0166_4

NEWS ANALYSIS; VIETNAM AND THE GULF: AS DIFFERENT AS JUNGLE, DESERT; PERSPECTIVE: A WAR AGAINST SADDAM HUSSEIN IS WINNABLE. THE ONE AGAINST HO CHI MINH WAS NOT.

soldier's distance from the front -- being considerably greater in the rear echelon, strangely -- most troops here give the impression of being well motivated and genuinely patriotic. "How do our troops stack up against those we had in Vietnam? They're better," said Master Gunnery Sgt. James Carter of Oceanside, Calif., a 27-year Marine veteran who served two tours in Vietnam. "No. 1, they get a lot better training. No. 2, they're an all-volunteer force. You don't get guys here just by chance like you did in Vietnam. I'm not going to say they're smarter or have a better level of education, but they pick up on things quicker. "I start feeling old when I realize I was in the service when some of their dads were just getting out of high school. The boys whose fathers were in Vietnam ask about the war, but most don't show a lot of interest. They were pretty quick to pick up on the fact that this is an entirely different situation. "Here you don't worry about ambushes. Even without the moon you can still see 200 or 300 feet ahead of you at night. In Vietnam, you were lucky to see 12 feet ahead. And there's the dust, something you didn't have in Vietnam. If there's movement out there and you're alert, you're warned. Yeah, the enemy can see you too, but I still like knowing where he is." Although names like the Ashau Valley and Hue and Dong Ha may mean nothing to today's soldiers, most are keenly aware that Vietnam veterans were not given a heroes' welcome home. "I'm proud serving my country here," a corporal said, "but I don't ever want to go back to the reception the 'Nam vets got." The tons of mail pouring into military post offices in Saudi Arabia -- much of it addressed to "Any Soldier" -- seems to have reassured the men and women in the Persian Gulf region that they do indeed have the public's backing. Vietnam has affected media coverage as well. Fourteen hundred journalists have passed through Saudi Arabia since Aug. 2 and none -- except the network TV anchors -- has been given the freedom correspondents enjoyed in Vietnam to simply go where they wanted, hitchhiking rides on helicopters and linking up with units of their choice. David Lamb covered Vietnam for United Press International from 1968 to 1970.

LA122390-0171_0

WORLD IN BRIEF; MEXICO; 48 DIE WHEN BUS PLUNGES OVER CLIFF

December 23, 1990, Sunday, Home Edition A bus overshot a turn and plunged down a cliff on a mountain road in the central state of Guanajuato, killing at least 48 people and injuring five, police said. The El Universal newspaper said that 60 people were on the Green Arrow bus Friday afternoon. Police said all of those who died were believed to be Mexican citizens.

LA122390-0200_1

LOVE REPAIRS ADOPTIVE BABIES' RUINED LIVES

often irritable and agitated. The medically fragile children arrive with special equipment such as oxygen tanks and apnea monitors that sound an alarm if they stop breathing. They also require special medication and constant supervision. Because of the difficulty in finding adoptive homes for these babies, they often spend years in foster care. While it's not unusual for a foster family to adopt one of these babies, the Dardens have adopted two drug babies within the past three years, and they recently obtained legal guardianship of a third drug-affected little girl whom they ultimately plan to adopt. All three girls have had serious medical problems. And because their biological mothers took drugs while they were pregnant, 5-year-old Priscilla, 3-year-old Jessie Sue and 2-year-old Becky have learning disabilities and face unknown future medical problems. But after providing at least two years of love and care for each child, the couple couldn't bear the thought of giving them up. "It's real hard to let go," Linda says. "The pain was too difficult." So at a time of their lives when their daughter is married and their son is in his senior year of high school, 43-year-old Linda and 45-year-old Jim Darden are raising three young girls, each with special needs. This is in addition to caring for the two infants: Danny and Joshua, a 3-week-old drug baby. To accommodate everyone, the Dardens took out a second mortgage in order to add a second story to their Anaheim tract house, giving them four more bedrooms and a nursery off the new master bedroom. For Linda Darden, who can't remember the last time she slept more than three hours at a stretch and never knows when the next medical crisis will occur, being mom to a houseful of children with special needs is not an imposition. "We're so fortunate that our two children were normal and that we never had a lot of trauma in our life," says Linda, who became a foster parent in 1972 after an 18-month-old girl began showing up at her front door at 6 a.m. clad only in underpants. The girl's mother was never even aware she was gone. "I knew there were other kids like her out there," she says. "I saw a great need and I wanted to help." Linda began taking in medically fragile babies, many of whom were drug-addicted, in 1982. "These are children who

LA122390-0200_2

LOVE REPAIRS ADOPTIVE BABIES' RUINED LIVES

raising three young girls, each with special needs. This is in addition to caring for the two infants: Danny and Joshua, a 3-week-old drug baby. To accommodate everyone, the Dardens took out a second mortgage in order to add a second story to their Anaheim tract house, giving them four more bedrooms and a nursery off the new master bedroom. For Linda Darden, who can't remember the last time she slept more than three hours at a stretch and never knows when the next medical crisis will occur, being mom to a houseful of children with special needs is not an imposition. "We're so fortunate that our two children were normal and that we never had a lot of trauma in our life," says Linda, who became a foster parent in 1972 after an 18-month-old girl began showing up at her front door at 6 a.m. clad only in underpants. The girl's mother was never even aware she was gone. "I knew there were other kids like her out there," she says. "I saw a great need and I wanted to help." Linda began taking in medically fragile babies, many of whom were drug-addicted, in 1982. "These are children who really need our help and we feel we can do that," she says. "I don't care if they're 18-hour screamers. I love to do what I do, and it's real easy for me to love them." Linda gazed down at Danny in the carrier on her husband's lap. "I can't imagine anything worse than not being wanted and loved and needed in the beginning," she says. "And so when I take these babies, I feel I have something to offer them. If nothing else, I can give them a good start." The drug-addicted babies that Linda now cares for come through the Orange County Social Services Agency's Emergency Shelter Home Program, which provides short-term emergency shelter for abused, neglected or abandoned children until the courts decide what will happen to them. Since July, 1987, 536 newborn to 1-year-olds have gone through the Emergency Shelter Home Program; 85% to 90% were drug babies, with cocaine being the most frequently detected drug. The Darden family, one of nearly 50 in the program, has cared for seven drug-addicted babies over the past 18 months. "Every one of those babies has a different need," says Linda, whose three girls illustrate some of the medical

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LOVE REPAIRS ADOPTIVE BABIES' RUINED LIVES

problems many drug-addicted babies experience as they grow up. (To assure confidentiality, the real names of Danny, Joshua and Becky have been changed.) It is not known what type of drugs Priscilla's biological mother took during pregnancy, but Priscilla had severe respiratory problems and required blood transfusions at birth. Eleven days after placement, Linda had to perform CPR on Priscilla after she stopped breathing. She has since had seizures, surgery to correct a serious stomach problem and has had to be fed through a G-tube. At 5, she has perceptual deficits and learning disabilities. "I have to remember that I have to repeat things to her several times," Linda says. Jessie Sue, whose biological mother was on cocaine, heroin and other drugs, came to the Dardens when she was 3 days old. "She had hepatitis, syphilis and severe (stomach) problems and had to be forced to eat," recalls Linda. Jessie Sue also has immune-system damage and has undergone two major surgeries and has had 23 gastrostomy tubes. Despite being the most medically damaged of the three girls, Linda says, Jessie Sue has the fewest neurological problems. Two-year-old Becky is a heroin baby who only recently was taken off an apnea monitor. While extremely bright, Becky has the expressive speech of a 13-month-old. "So she's very frustrated and self-destructive," Linda says. "She does a lot of crazy things. She bangs her head and face on the wall. She doesn't listen at all, and she's real hyper." The three girls attend the Speech and Language Development Center in Buena Park full time and have made progress. But, "I think that it's going to be a long haul with all three of them," says Linda, who plans to take sign language classes to better communicate with Becky. Linda's "typical day" begins at 6 a.m. when she gives Danny his medication. While waiting the 20 minutes before she can begin feeding Danny via the G-tube, she feeds Joshua. "Many of the drug-affected babies have feeding and sucking problems because their little system is just so disorganized," she says, adding, however, that she spends more time with the medically fragile babies: "You're trying to stabilize them all the time." Linda, who is often up as late as 1 a.m. with one of the babies, wakes up several times a night for feedings. And she never knows when she'll have to respond to an apnea-monitor alarm.

LA122390-0202_0

FACE TO FACE WITH DRUG BABIES

December 23, 1990, Sunday, Home Edition Not every newborn is tested for drugs and some do not initially show signs of drug exposure, so it is impossible to say how many drug babies are born each year. "Hospitals are not legally mandated to report a positive toxicology screen, so we've always felt there was just a percentage that came to our attention," says Mary Harris, program analyst for the Orange County Social Services Agency. Cheryl Milford, assistant clinical professor of pediatrics at UC Irvine Medical Center, says most babies exposed to opiates, such as heroine and methadone, go through physiological withdrawals. Babies exposed to stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines may have tremors, feeding problems or sleeping problems, but do not go through a life-threatening withdrawal. She says the majority of drug-exposed babies "probably are not going to show any significant difficulties like retardation. We don't know in terms of the more subtle things, like behavior problems or mild learning disabilities. Nobody's been able to follow them that far yet, but those studies are in progress right now, of which we are one." Social Services' Harris says some hospitals either have no protocol or they have varying policies for testing drug babies. "Or, they might test a baby and determine that things otherwise look OK," she says. "The hospital and the (mother's) doctor make the decision whether or not to test and what to do once they have tested." As required by law, an emphasis is placed on trying to keep the mother and baby together to maintain the parent-child relationship, she says. Harris says the services of a social worker are offered if the parents are cooperative and if it is determined that intervention will reduce the risk of abuse or neglect to the baby. The condition of the baby is also part of the decision-making process, Harris says. "It's difficult when we don't see all the symptoms right away, because then everyone is left not sure of what special needs the child will have." If it is determined that the baby would be at risk even with all available services to the parents, the social worker would ask for a legal order to prevent the hospital from releasing the baby. Harris says that any time Social Services places a hold on a baby, a detention hearing will be scheduled within 48 hours. "If we wish to continue protective

LA122390-0202_2

FACE TO FACE WITH DRUG BABIES

determine that things otherwise look OK," she says. "The hospital and the (mother's) doctor make the decision whether or not to test and what to do once they have tested." As required by law, an emphasis is placed on trying to keep the mother and baby together to maintain the parent-child relationship, she says. Harris says the services of a social worker are offered if the parents are cooperative and if it is determined that intervention will reduce the risk of abuse or neglect to the baby. The condition of the baby is also part of the decision-making process, Harris says. "It's difficult when we don't see all the symptoms right away, because then everyone is left not sure of what special needs the child will have." If it is determined that the baby would be at risk even with all available services to the parents, the social worker would ask for a legal order to prevent the hospital from releasing the baby. Harris says that any time Social Services places a hold on a baby, a detention hearing will be scheduled within 48 hours. "If we wish to continue protective custody, we must file a petition (with juvenile court to give Social Services legal authority in the situation)." Harris says three things can then happen: "The court can dismiss our petition, they can return the baby to the parents and order us to supervise, or they can order the baby to be placed in foster care." Harris believes that the Perinatal Substance Abuse Act, legislation recently passed by the state, may have a negative impact on the number of drug babies reported to the Child Abuse Registry. The legislation says that a positive toxicology screen at the time of a baby's delivery is not in itself a sufficient basis for reporting child abuse or neglect. "So it places the responsibility of doing a more in-depth assesment -- of the mother's situation, of the child's special-care needs and the risk of neglect or abuse of the child -- on the hospital personnel," Harris says. "I think that if hospitals had been already spending the time to consider all the circumstances, that it (the legislation) should not make any difference. "But I'm concerned that other hospitals will not have the time or the interest to work with families on this and, as a result, they simply will not receive any services."

LA122390-0203_2

EXERCISE: SHAPING NEW MEN FROM THE OLD ONES

up. Triglycerides go down. Glucose metabolism increases: If you put a diabetic on a treadmill for half an hour, you can get the same decrease in glucose as with a shot of insulin." Furthermore, psychological and neurological tests have shown that older men who exercise and lose weight are happier and more competent in daily activities than sedentary men who lose weight by dieting alone. At the University of Maryland, College Park, a companion study is trying to clarify the benefits of weightlifting in older men. Last April, Ben Hurley, director of the exercise physiology lab at College Park, recruited 14 men aged 50 to 69 who had not weight-trained for at least a year. Using weight machines, he trained them to move increasingly heavy loads: "So far, the average person has increased more than 100 pounds on the legs; the average increase in upper body power is 30 to 50%," Hurley says. "And from questioning them, we find there's no soreness." Muscle mass has also increased in the seven subjects analyzed so far, while the fat around the muscle and under the skin has decreased. In previous studies, Hurley found that strength-training leads to more efficient use of blood sugar, which reduces the risk of diabetes; since diabetes is a risk factor for heart disease, better glucose metabolism reduces the risk of heart disease as well. The current study expands and helps explain the former: Bigger muscles not only make you stronger and better looking, they may also make you healthier. While most formal studies of exercise and the elderly have concentrated on men, it is assumed that active women reap similar benefits in terms of heart health, diabetes prevention and control, and avoidance of weight gain. Heinz Lenz, 65, an assistant professor of physical education at the U.S. Naval Academy whose responsibilities include whipping plebes into shape, defines physical fitness in practical terms: "You are fit if you can carry out any physical task assigned to you or chosen by you," he says, ranging from taking out the trash, to jumping out of the way of a careening car, to enjoying your leisure. "You should be able to throw a football with the grandchildren. You should be able to take a relaxed bike ride with the grandchildren. You should be able to hit a tennis ball with the grandchildren -- though maybe you can't play competitively against them."

LA122390-0209_2

SURVEY FINDS SUPPORT FOR TRASH TRAINS; ENVIRONMENT: RESEARCHERS FIND A WILLINGNESS AMONG SAN GABRIEL VALLEY RESPONDENTS TO FUND AGGRESSIVE REFUSE DISPOSAL AND POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES.

a lot of life to it and perhaps a lot of fury for some time to come." He linked concern over the region's widespread ground water pollution to the fact that only 20% of those surveyed said they favor disposing of their trash in local landfills, which some environmentalists and politicians say represents a threat to drinking water supplies. About 28% favored trash incineration. Politicians and pollsters alike said they were amazed at the high percentage favoring the rail plan over the use of local landfills or trash incineration. Tom Harvey, the La Verne mayor pro tem who heads the solid waste committee of the San Gabriel Valley Assn. of Cities, said "the study is an excellent endorsement of what we are doing." Local, regional and county officials have been working with two major trash disposal companies on separate proposals that call for hauling Los Angeles County trash to remote desert sites in Riverside and San Bernardino counties. The results also pleased Gary E. Kovall, senior vice president of the Eagle Mountain Project of the Mine Reclamation Corp., which is planning the Riverside County waste-by-rail venture. "I believe this shows people will pay a premium for environmental protection," he said. Of those who favored the rail plan, 54% said they would pay an extra $20 monthly to meet additional disposal costs for the trash trains. Thirty-two percent said they favored paying only an additional $5 to $10 beyond their monthly cost, which now averages $8 to $12 throughout the region. Harvey estimated the rail project would cost about $6 a month extra per household. Another surprise to researchers and area politicians was that respondents in the survey seemed unafraid of having trash transfer stations located in their cities. Some 85% indicated they would be willing to have such a facility in or near their city. Harvey said, "This supports the notion that it's not as volatile a political issue as we thought." The study was funded by Claremont McKenna through an endowment to the Rose Institute, and officials pointed out that no money for the research was provided by the waste hauling industry. The statistical margin for error for the survey was plus or minus three percentage points. Rose Institute officials also plan to survey residents of San Bernardino and Riverside counties about their attitudes toward accepting trash from the San Gabriel Valley and the rest of Los Angeles County.

LA122390-0210_2

JURY ACQUITS DEFENDANT IN FATAL SHOOTING; COURTS: LAST SUMMER'S DRIVE-BY SHOOTING IN NORTHWEST PASADENA KILLED ONE 22-YEAR-OLD MAN AND SENT ANOTHER TO COUNTY JAIL FOR FIVE MONTHS. THE ONE-WEEK TRIAL REVOLVED AROUND THE CONTRADICTORY TESTIMONY OF WITNESSES.

the mothers of Peterson and Wilburn was anything but routine. "We were in prison, too," said Sherry Peterson, 48, who had insisted from the beginning that her son was innocent. "It's terribly frustrating when you know something is wrong, but you have no control over it." Wilburn's mother, Alice Rhodes, said she was not surprised by the verdict, but remains convinced of Peterson's guilt. "He had a very, very good lawyer," said Rhodes, 45. "But I still know he killed my son. . . . I guess I can't prove it. It's just my instinct." The one-week trial revolved around the contradictory testimony of several witnesses, who police said identified Peterson as the shooter. However, in court, they denied having done so. Officers attributed the discrepancy to the witnesses' fear of being labeled a snitch, which is often considered a death sentence on the streets. "It's a constant problem," Lt. Van Anthony said. "(Peterson) is going free because . . . basically, the witnesses were afraid to testify." But Peterson's attorney successfully poked holes in the police investigation. He argued that the witnesses who implicated Peterson did so under coercion from investigators and could not possibly have seen his face on the dimly lighted street. "In July, on a late night on a dark street, someone yelled out the words: 'That looks like Michael Peterson's car,' " his attorney, Guy O'Brien, told the jury. "That got twisted and transformed to: 'That is his car, that is Michael Peterson.' "The police did not investigate the facts," O'Brien said. "They exploited that rumor into a formal murder charge." Deputy Dist. Atty. Stephen Lee contended that Peterson had acted like a guilty man when he lied to detectives by telling them he had been with a female friend in Los Angeles on the night of the shooting. "When Michael Peterson lied, he was hiding something," Lee said. "He was hiding the fact that he was there (on Del Monte Street)." O'Brien conceded that Peterson should not have lied, but said that the defendant had been fearful of the investigators and could not recall where he had been. Later, Peterson said he remembered that he had been home that night. His mother and sister backed his alibi. "The only way for the police to get off their butts and catch the killer is for Michael Peterson to be acquitted in this case," O'Brien said.

LA122489-0011_0

FEAR AND REALITY

December 24, 1989, Sunday, Home Edition Kotkin says that the RAND Corp. study indicates that Latinos commit crimes at rates slightly lower than blacks or whites. However, most, if not all, of L.A.'s Hispanic barrios are littered with ugly, intimidating gang graffiti made by the violent street youth that inhabit those neighborhoods. I have spent more than two dozen Saturdays helping paint over the graffiti. After growing up in mostly white neighborhoods where this type of behavior was virtually unheard of, I deeply resent this low-class aspect of Hispanic culture. GREG SCOTT, Huntington Beach

LA122489-0016_0

FEAR AND REALITY

December 24, 1989, Sunday, Home Edition Your story was both heartwarming and frustrating. I am myself an immigrant, and the stories you included brought back memories of similar situations in the life of my family and the many families who came from Europe in the '50s. We also had no money and nothing but our bare hands. However, if you were to write our stories, there would be no mention of affirmative action, legal aid, health services, loans, bilingual education and lobbying. Yet we all managed to create good lives for ourselves and, what's more, are loyal, proud citizens of the United States. While the immigrants whose stories appeared in your article have commendable attitudes, I wonder why you did not interview the "other" new immigrants. We have all experienced them -- the rude, surly, pushy or otherwise unpleasant immigrants who seem to lack all respect for this country, its people and customs. My theory is that we have made it too easy for them. By providing too many services and benefits we have taught them that it's all here for the taking, and there is no giving required. Your article quoted a Persian poet as saying "a human being is like a nail. The more you hammer on top of it the more it is driven in and becomes stronger." That may be the approach we need to produce a better citizen. It has worked before. HELEN GRAF, Glendale

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at the Judge Baker Children's Center in Boston. He is the author of "Why Blacks Kill Blacks" and co-author of "Black Child Care." I'M A LITTLE PESSIMISTIC about race relations in this country during the 1990s because of the number of new immigrants, particularly Hispanic Americans and Asians. They will be competing for jobs. We already have animosity between blacks and Latinos. We still have a lot of poverty in black and Hispanic communities. A recent congressional report indicated that 50% of black children in the United States live in poverty. They are more likely than other young people to be involved in drugs and crime or to be killed. With the general population feeling threatened, all the issues such as drugs and crime are going to come out in racial terms. There will be more segregation. And with the sliding backward of affirmative action and set-aside programs, you leave people in power who were in power before. There is more cronyism and nepotism. There are disturbing signs that the advances since the 1960s are fading. College enrollment of blacks is declining. In the past 15 years, the number of blacks in medical schools has not gone up. There has been the killing of blacks by whites at Howard Beach and in the Bensonhurst section of Brooklyn and the attack by black youths on a white woman jogger in Central Park. There was the battle between the police of Virginia Beach and a crowd of predominantly black students. These incidents further polarize the two groups, raising the levels of animosity and fear. After years of quiescence, there have been racial incidents on college campuses that hadn't had any before. The post-Martin Luther King generation, young people with negative feelings toward a lot of groups -- somehow they feel legitimacy in expressing these views. Despite the success of black athletes that white kids worship, too, despite a black Miss America, despite TV shows such as Bill Cosby's, feelings of racism don't seem to be eradicated. People are segregated, so they're still basically prejudiced. That may change with the next generation, but not with these kids. The polls show they still have the same attitudes as their parents. There is one bright spot. I think we're going to have more black elected officials, more participation in the process. That's because there is a growing black population and a growing sophistication. As blacks

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become politically conscious. Kennedy touched and formed a political generation. That generation's time should come in the 1990s. It looks as if the tide is beginning to turn. The recent off-year elections in New York, New Jersey and Virginia constituted, as pollster Louis Harris put it, "a vote for activist government." President Bush's rhetoric on education, the environment, housing, day care and so on represents a clear departure from hard-line Reaganite conservatism. Mr. Bush's problem is that people will soon begin to see a gap between his rhetoric and his action. He has been reluctant in a variety of fields to mobilize the resources necessary to redeem his promises. I am afraid that Mr. Bush's "no-new-taxes" pledge is condemning the country to impotence, both at home and abroad. We can't repair our collapsing bridges and dams, we can't house the homeless, we can't improve our schools, we can't give much help to countries like Poland struggling toward democracy -- all because of the tax taboo. And polls show that Americans are quite ready to pay taxes for particular things they care about. We need to recognize that it is impossible for us to remain a great nation without paying for it. Abortion will turn out to be a major mistake for George Bush. Nobody is wildly enthusiastic about abortion. But most people feel that the choice should be made by the woman involved. Bush's anti-abortion stand has created special problems for the Republicans, who have become a coalition of aspiring free-enterprisers, who believe in personal liberty, and evangelical zealots, who believe in enforcing morality. The Bush line will make it harder for suburbanites and yuppies to vote Republican in the future. RELIGION: MARTIN E. MARTY Marty, professor of church history at the University of Chicago, is the author of "Pilgrims in Their Own Land: 500 Years of Religion in America." AMERICAN CHURCHES are very busy adjusting to change. Conservative religion in America was galvanized by the image of the Soviet Union as the "evil empire." Now the revival of Jewish and Christian faiths in Russia and the relative increase of freedom in other East European nations are confusing and liberating all at once. Meanwhile, the real dynamism in Christianity is in the southern world -- Latin America, Asia, Malaysia. The contest is between Christianity and Islam in some of those places, while in Latin America it is between Protestants and

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it. Abortion will turn out to be a major mistake for George Bush. Nobody is wildly enthusiastic about abortion. But most people feel that the choice should be made by the woman involved. Bush's anti-abortion stand has created special problems for the Republicans, who have become a coalition of aspiring free-enterprisers, who believe in personal liberty, and evangelical zealots, who believe in enforcing morality. The Bush line will make it harder for suburbanites and yuppies to vote Republican in the future. RELIGION: MARTIN E. MARTY Marty, professor of church history at the University of Chicago, is the author of "Pilgrims in Their Own Land: 500 Years of Religion in America." AMERICAN CHURCHES are very busy adjusting to change. Conservative religion in America was galvanized by the image of the Soviet Union as the "evil empire." Now the revival of Jewish and Christian faiths in Russia and the relative increase of freedom in other East European nations are confusing and liberating all at once. Meanwhile, the real dynamism in Christianity is in the southern world -- Latin America, Asia, Malaysia. The contest is between Christianity and Islam in some of those places, while in Latin America it is between Protestants and Catholics. Catholicism will be marked by the shortage of priests and nuns and the continuing failure of many American Catholics to pay attention to the church on such issues as birth control. Nevertheless, Catholicism will remain America's largest religious bloc. As for conservative Protestants, the TV evangelists and the scandals in the movement have led the serious ones to see they have to go back to basics, not be so flamboyant and worldly. American Jews on one hand are participating in a widespread recovery of tradition, but at the same time many are less ready to fashion their identity in relation to Israel. The debate over who is a Jew hurt the majority of American religious Jews badly. The response by Israel to the intifada has created some conscience problems. Toward the end of the '90s we'll be getting close to having as many Muslims as Jews in this country, so we'll no longer be a WASP or Judeo-Christian nation. MEDICINE: KENNETH T. SHINE Shine has been dean of UCLA's School of Medicine since 1986. He is a cardiologist and former president of the American Heart Assn. WE'RE ALMOST certain to see fundamental changes in the way health care is

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financed. The rate of growth in health-care costs demands some kind of solution. Both the elderly and the corporate communities will be pushing for some kind of basic health insurance that will include providing health care for the poor and uninsured. The biggest problem we have is making health care available to the uninsured. Five million Californians are uninsured. Two-thirds of those are people who work and don't have adequate insurance. Scientifically, I think the most exciting development in the '90s will be the capacity to match the genome, the genetic structure of the human body. If the genetic code for humans can be unraveled, we could eliminate specific genetic abnormalities. By the end of the decade, I would anticipate that one could identify perhaps 10,000 genes in a newborn or in an adult. This will allow the identification of predisposition to a variety of diseases and disorders. It would be possible to determine whether someone is at risk for diabetes, hypertension or a variety of things. And it is very likely that by the end of the '90s there will be some genetic treatment -- gene therapy. But that's going to mean that the '90s will also be a time of greater concern about ethics, not only in genetic therapy but also in the area of health care and what is appropriate treatment. It's possible genetic therapy could be useful in the treatment of cancer and AIDS, but it won't start there. It will start with a specific disorder where there is a known single genetic defect. One exciting area is the expanding knowledge of cancer through the genetic regulation of oncogenes, the genes identified as causing cancer in humans. This is particularly exciting in offering a promise for prevention as well as treatment for cancer. This includes a better understanding of the way environmental agents -- some of the toxins we are exposed to -- alter genetic regulation and therefore predispose a person to cancer. As a cardiologist, I'm very excited about the expanding understanding of cholesterol, metabolism and the way in which fat gets deposited in blood vessel walls. There'll be many new ways to prevent the blockage of blood vessels by fat. People are living healthier life styles. Life expectancy has gone up over the past 20 years. There is a good chance that a successful vaccine against AIDS will be developed in the next decade.