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FBIS3-1483_0

Events Surrounding 28 Mar Zulu March Detailed 31 Killed, 276 Injured in Clashes

Language: English Article Type:BFN [Text] Johannesburg March 28 SAPA -- At least 31 people died in violence in central Johannesburg on Monday and 276 people were injured severely enough to warrant hospital treatment. A total of 31 bodies related to Monday's violence have been accounted for by the Hillbrow mortuary. At least seven people died in Soweto on Monday, but not all the deaths have been directly linked to the Zulu march on Johannesburg. Johannesburg and Soweto hospitals treated 276 people for injuries sustained in the running street battles.

FBIS3-1485_0

Events Surrounding 28 Mar Zulu March Detailed Armed Men Seen Entering City 29 Mar

Language: English Article Type:BFN [Text] Johannesburg March 29 SAPA -- Bands of armed men were on Tuesday morning reportedly entering Johannesburg city centre. On Monday a march by tens of thousands of Zulu royalists in the city centre ended in many deaths and hundreds of injuries. Some reports put the death toll at 31. On Tuesday morning, about 100 men with spears and assegais poured out of a train near Newtown, scattering panicked commuters. Minibus taxis blocked roads into the area and traffic turned back. But the armed men soon vanished. Many Soweto commuters were left stranded again on Tuesday as minibus services came to a halt. There were unconfirmed reports of another group of armed men moving into the city from Booysens. An SAP [South African Police] spokesman said police had gone to Newtown. He said police had received reports of South African Communist Party supporters gathering for a march, but details were unclear. A police search of a train at New Canada railway station on Monday night yielded three AK-47 rifles and 10 pistols. Nine people were arrested.

FBIS3-1503_6

ANC Issues Statement on Johannesburg Violence

began to coalesce, and to advance on the building for what appeared to be a concerted frontal assault on the entrance. Shots were heard, apparently from automatic weapons somewhere west of the entrance. ANC security personnel fired into the advancing ranks, inflicting a number of casualties, the IFP gangs broke and fled. Despite reports to the contrary, no ANC security personnel were stationed above ground floor level on any of the upper levels of the building. Nor were any ANC personnel stationed on the roof of Shell House or any other building in the vicinity. The ANC considers that its security personnel behaved in a thoroughly disciplined and professional manner. They made every effort to alert the police to the danger of an IFP attack well in advance of the event. They acted with the utmost restraint, firing in the air in order to warn off the attackers even when they themselves were under fire. Their presence in the building, and their right to carry arms for defence of the large staff employed here, had long since been established with the police. Their final decision to prevent the attack by direct fire was fully justified by the provocative behaviour of the attackers. The ANC regrets deeply the loss of life and the injuries suffered by innocent victims of IFP adventurism, both outside Shell House and at other places in and around central Johannesburg and in the surrounding townships. None of this was fortuitous. It was the inevitable outcome of the insane determination of the IFP's leaders to destabilise South Africa regardless of the human cost, and so prevent the holding of free and fair elections on April 27th. They must not be allowed to succeed. They must not be allowed to cover their responsibility for Monday's bloodshed by blaming it on a shadowy group of `indunas.' They must be held fully accountable for their reckless attempts to plunge the whole country into anarchy and civil strife. And so must their police accomplices in the 3rd force, and those other police officers whose neglect of their public duties on Monday contributed directly to the mayhem on the streets. The response to them all will still be given on April 27th, by a resounding and overwhelming public vote for a new democratic government, committed to equal rights and opportunities for all. The gangsters will not be allowed to wreck the national future.

FBIS3-1509_38

NP's Botha, ANC's Thabo Mbeki Debate Issues

some sinister motive in some of these additional powers. And you may well reach the stage where we may have to give far more powers to the police, but then it must be done in terms of the TEC. [Venter] Mr. Botha, thank you very much. Your minute is up. And this time, an opportunity to Mr. Mbeki. [Mbeki] Part of the problem with this discussion is the minister is avoiding the specifics. What I am saying, having discussed this matter yesterday with the government about what was likely to happen in Johannesburg today and having agreed that roadblocks would be put and people searched so that they could come and demonstrate without weapons -- why was it not done? Having discussed all matters of things for government to say: There must be free political activity. People must not occupy stadia with guns. They must be stopped. Why is it not done? I am saying that any number of specific instances where there has been failure of government -- as a result of which people have died, and that is reality. [Venter] Thank you, Mr. Mbeki. Well, a final question then from Freek Robinson of Agenda to Mr. Mbeki. [Robinson] Mr. Mbeki, my first question: I have tried to come down to the underlying reasons for the violence and it is clear to all of us basically that this political framework in which we operate, including the basis for the elections and the basis of the government in the next two years after the election, it is something that is contested by other people. There are many fears among the smaller parties, in particular about the constitution and what might happen after the elections. The fear is that you might win the election convincingly, even with a two-thirds majority, and that you might scrap the interim constitution completely. Can you give me a clear indication tonight what exactly is it that you would like to change in that constitution, delete, or add to it? [Mbeki] The first thing that I need to say, Freek, is that the ANC, with regard to these constitutional matters that you raised, the ANC is bound by two documents which were agreed in the multiparty negotiations. One of them is the Declaration of Intent that was agreed right at the beginning of this multiparty process. We are bound by that document. Secondly, there are constitutional

FBIS3-1512_2

IEC Releases List of Election Monitoring Groups

(Switzerland); 33. World Alliance of Reformed Churches, Switzerland; 34. Howard University School of Law Student Bar Association; 35. Zimbabwe Human Rights Association (Harare); 36. Central Electoral Commission of the Russian Federation; 37. South African Initiative, University of Michigan; 38. Norwegian Confederation of Labour (Norway); 39. Vision in Action (Washington); 40. National Lawyers Guild, Massachusetts Chapter (Boston); 41. Yale University Southern Africa Research Program (Connecticut); 42. American Friends Service Committee, Philadelphia; 43. African American Institute, Columbia; 44. Fund for a Free South Africa, Boston; 45. Philadelphia Observers for Democratic Elections in South Africa (Podesa); 46. International League for Human Rights (New York); 47. South African Freedom Fund (Houston, Texas); 48. National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People (Maryland); 49. African Women's Studies (Atlanta, Georgia); 50. First Institutional Baptist Church (Phoenix, Arizona). 51. Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (Philadelphia); 52. International Ministries American Baptist Churches, USA; 53. Howard University (Washington); 54. African Fund (New York); 55. Southern African Trade Union Co-ordinating Council (Zambia); 56. Brazilian Committee of Solidarity With Peoples of South Africa and Namibia (Brazil); 57. Baptist Convention of South Africa; 58. Movimento Portugues Para a Paz e Cooperacao (CPPC) (Portugal); 59. Conseilho Portugues Para a Paz e Cooperacao (CPPC) (Portugal); 60. Lingue Zairiose des Electeurs (Zaire). The deployment of international and domestic observers will be finalised later. It will depend on the degree of violence in the nine regions. Regions with a high percentage of violence will be given first priority. Domestic Observer Organisations The following domestic observer organisations have been accredited by the monitoring directorate of the IEC [Independent Electoral Commission]. Applications for accreditation expired on 27.03.1994. New applications will be considered if strongly motivated. 1. Vonk [expansion unknown]; 2. South African Catholic Bishops' Conference; 3. The Methodist Church of South Africa; 4. National Association of Democratic Lawyers (Nadel); 5. South African Council of Churches; 6. National Electoral Observer Network in South Africa (NEON); 7. Pietermaritzburg Agency for Christian Social Awareness; 8. Accord; 9. Black Sash; 10. Western Transvaal Education Foundation; 11. Islamic Business Corporation Ltd; 12. Rotary International; 13. Project Vote; 14. Cosatu [Congress of South African Trade Unions]; 15. CDR Network; 16. Konrad Adenauer Foundation; 17. Eldorado Park Advice Centre; 18. King William's Town Education and Information Trust; 19. National Council of Women of South Africa; 20. Zamdela Minister's Association; 21. Community Law Centre; 22. IDASA [Institute for a Democratic Alternative for South Africa].

FBIS3-1563_0

Negotiators Discuss Intellectual Property Rights

Language: English Article Type:BFN [By Bear Li] [Text] Taipei, Feb. 28 (CNA) -- Delegates from Taiwan and the United States Monday began three days of negotiations on the protection of intellectual property rights (IPR) in Taipei. Discussions are expected to focus on inspection of Taiwan's software exports and proposed revisions to the trademark and patent law, according to Lin Yi-fu, head of the Taipei negotiating team and deputy director-general of the Board of Foreign Trade. Lin said that Taipei will explain to the U.S. side the measures it has been taking and the results of its efforts on IPR protection. Taiwan has invested a lot of money and manpower in implementing a software export inspection system at the request of the U.S., he said, but the inspection operation has inconvenienced Taiwan software exporters and benefited only a few American software makers. Lin said he will call for the termination of the inspection operation during the talks. Meanwhile, Economics Affairs Minister P.K. Chiang noted that the U.S. is expected to review its special 301 priority watch list at the end of March and the talks offer Taiwan a chance to try to relieve the imminent threat of U.S. sanctions. Chiang said that Taiwan has performed well on the IPR issue and should be removed from the priority watch list. He added that his ministry and concerned government departments have prepared a "position paper," which details Taiwan's efforts and results toward IPR protection over the past one year, to persuade the U.S. to remove it from the list. But Economics Ministry officials are not so optimistic about Taiwan's full removal from the list. However, they said it may be possible for Taiwan to be downgraded from the special 301 priority watch list to the watch list.

FBIS3-1574_1

Reportage on Leaders' Activities 19-24 Feb

Junsheng sent a letter to a national work conference on rural electrification by means of hydropower which opened today, urging further efforts to accomplish the task of electrifying 200 counties these two years to help more impoverished mountainous areas break away from poverty and to develop the rural economy. (Beijing XINHUA Domestic Service in Chinese 0925 GMT 24 Feb 94) Wu Xueqian Accompanies George Shultz to Shanghai In the company of Wu Xueqian, National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference [CPPCC] vice chairman, George Shultz, former U.S. secretary of state and currently director and senior consultant of the U.S. Bechtel Engineering Company, arrived in Shanghai on 19 February. They toured the Pudong New District and downtown Shanghai. (Shanghai People's Radio Network in Mandarin 1000 GMT 19 Feb 94) Wu Xueqian Accompanies Shultz to Hangzhou On 22 February, Wu Xueqian, National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference vice chairman, accompanied George Shultz, senior adviser for the Bechtel Corporation of the United States, to a contract signing ceremony in Hangzhou for the Chinese-U.S.-Hong Kong joint-venture Wushajiang Power Station project in Ningbo. Zhejiang Governor Wan Xueyuan also attended the ceremony. (Hangzhou Zhejiang People's Radio Network in Mandarin 1000 GMT 22 Feb 94) Wu Bangguo Attends Shanghai CPPCC Session The Second Session of the Eighth Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference [CPPCC] closed on 22 February. Chen Liangyu, municipal party committee deputy secretary, extended warm congratulations upon the meeting's successful conclusion on behalf of the Shanghai Municipal CPC Committee. Among those present at the occasion were Wu Bangguo, CPC Central Committee Political Bureau member and Shanghai Municipal CPC Committee secretary; Su Buqing and Dong Yinchu, National CPPCC Committee vice chairmen; and Mayor Huang Ju. (Shanghai Peoples Radio Network in Mandarin 1000 GMT 22 Feb 94) Wu Bangguo Views Literature, Art Wu Bangguo, CPC Central Committee Political Bureau member and Shanghai Municipal Party Committee secretary, on 22 February held a discussion with figures from literary and art circles who were also Shanghai Municipal CPPCC Committee members. Wu Bangguo approved of the way the participants had spoken without inhibitions. "He briefed members about Shanghai's macroeconomic situation this year, and expressed the hope that people from all sectors would continue to air their views freely and suggest ways and means for building the two civilizations in Shanghai." Regarding literary and art work, he said: "Shanghai should proceed from a

FBIS3-1576_0

Dissidents Warned Not To Contact Foreign Reporters

Language: Chinese Article Type:BFN [Report: "Mainland Dissidents Have Been Warned Repeatedly; Wei Jingsheng Refuses To Yield to Pressure, His Present Whereabouts Are Unknown"] [Text] Before the visit to China by U.S. officials responsible for human rights affairs, THE NEW YORK TIMES published a report saying that Wei Jingsheng, a famous champion of democracy in China, and Yu Haocheng, another famous dissident in China, recently had received warnings from the public security authorities, who required them not to continue contacting foreign reporters and publishing articles in the foreign press. Both of them, however, explicitly rejected these warnings. MING PAO tried to contact Wei Jingsheng, but people in his family said that he would not be at home these few days. Wei Jingsheng was arrested and jailed in 1979 for publishing articles criticizing the authorities' antidemocracy policy. He was released last September. According to yesterday's report by THE NEW YORK TIMES, Wei Jingsheng received a string of warnings from the authorities this month. He was warned against further discussing democracy with foreign reporters and against publishing in an overseas arena a book about his 14 years of prison life. According to Wei Jingsheng, between 1 and 10 February he had received three warnings, and since he left prison last September he had received seven warnings. Each time, however, he rejected the warning and declared that he "would not yield to excessive and unreasonable warnings." According to the report, Wei Jingsheng took concrete action against the warnings. THE NEW YORK TIMES said that he sent a letter to the International Olympic Committee last week, demanding that it impose sanctions against Beijing because of the authorities' jailing of dissident Qian Yongmin, who opposed China's hosting of the 2000 Olympic Games. Qian Yongmin is one of the drafters of the "Peace Charter." He was sentenced, without an official trial, to two years' detention in a labor camp. Wei Jingsheng said in his letter to the International Olympic Committee: "The detention of a person for his opinion regarding the Olympics showed that the Olympic spirit has gone rotten in China." Yesterday, MING PAO tried to place a long-distance call to Wei Jingsheng, but he was not at home. According to people in his family, Wei Jingsheng was often out, and this time, he had been out for several consecutive days. "We do not know where he is now and do not know when he will return."

FBIS3-1577_0

Dissidents Barred From Wang Dan's Birthday Party

Language: Chinese Article Type:BFN [By reporter Huang Tian (7806 3944): "Wang Dan Is Forced by the Authorities To Withdraw Invitations Issued to 200 Democratic Activists To Attend His Beijing Birthday Party"] [Text] Wang Dan, leader of the student-led democratic movement in 1989, celebrated his 24th birthday yesterday. However, following the mainland authorities' intervention, nearly 200 people who had taken part in the democratic movement in 1989 and who received invitations could not attend his birthday party. They were replaced by Wang Dan's former schoolmates, relatives, and family members who had nothing to do with the 4 June Incident. If this gathering had been realized, it was believed it would have been the largest meeting of democratic activists who have been banned by the Beijing authorities since the 4 June Incident. A democratic activist who was invited to Wang Dan's birthday party said: The authorities attached great importance to the "mass gathering of democratic activists" for fear that Wang Dan's birthday party would develop into a political rally. Departments concerned interrogated Wang Dan after learning that heavy-weight democracy activists who had been arrested by the CPC in the 4 June Incident -- such as Zhou Duo, Liu Xiaobo, and Bao Zunxin -- were included in the list of nearly 200 guests to whom invitations had been sent, as well as other people involved in the democratic movement in 1989. A friend of Wang Dan said: The day before yesterday, CPC departments concerned talked to Wang Dan for a whole day to try to persuade him to reset the guest list for his birthday party, otherwise Wang Dan would bear all the consequences. However, Wang Dan said the party was a form of celebrating his birthday, and as a citizen, he was entitled to make any choice. During the one-day talk, the departments concerned stressed that the mere gathering of these people was politically tinted and that he could not but acknowledge this fact. They told Wang Dan: You now have only two choices. The first is to change the list of your birthday party guests; none of the people involved in the 4 June Incident may attend. The second choice is to cancel the birthday party, and everything must be handled in a low-key manner. At last, Wang Dan said that he was willing to cancel the invitations to nearly 100 "sensitive figures." Instead, he celebrated his 24th birthday with about

FBIS3-1588_0

Commentary Views Developing High-Tech Industries

Language: Chinese Article Type:BFN [Commentary by unidentified XINHUA commentator: "Develop New Industries, Nurture Modern Enterprises"] [Text] Beijing, 26 Feb (XINHUA) -- With the passage of time and the development of economic and scientific and technological trends worldwide, Comrade Deng Xiaoping's call for "developing high technology and achieving industrialization" has revealed more and more foresight and strategic vision, especially in the two years since the publication of Comrade Xiaoping's speeches made during his southern tour. Over the past two years, China's scientific and technological undertakings have advanced by leaps and bounds. While a stable contingent of scientists are devoting themselves to basic science and high-tech research and are tackling key scientific and technological projects, a large number of research institutes and academies have sent talented scientific and technical personnel to various national economic sectors to contribute to China's economic construction and to push the country to the forefront of international science and technology. The prosperity of the nation and the enhancement of the overall national strength hinge on scientific and technological progress. High tech, represented by electronic information technology, new energy technology, biotechnology, and new materials technology, is one of the mankind's greatest accomplishments in science and technology in the 20th century. In recent years, a number of high- tech research projects based on the latest scientific achievements have flourished and have been quickly transformed into practical productive forces, exerting a profound influence on economic and social development and becoming the core of overall national strength and the focus of international competition. Whoever has an edge in high-tech industries holds the initiative in political, economic, military, and social development. Because China is currently at the crucial stage of developing new and high-tech industries, how to develop new industries and energetically nurture modern enterprises has become an especially pressing issue. The industrialization of new and high technology and the application of advanced science and technology in traditional industries are the two major trends in economic development today. The establishment of a socialist market system will create a very favorable environment for the industrialization of new and high technology. Many of China's high-tech enterprises have been founded and developed through the support of domestic and international markets. The science and technology market, which is a major component of the socialist market system, includes technology markets, markets of scientific and technical personnel, and markets of high-tech products. We should cultivate and promote in a

FBIS3-1608_2

Chen Junsheng Addresses Poverty Reduction Forum

poverty reduction target, China should reduce the poverty-stricken population by an average 11 million each year in the coming seven years, nearly twice as quickly as it has done in the past seven years. During the 1986-1992 period, poverty was eased among about 45 million poor people, an average of 6.8 million each year. He stressed that the present poverty reduction tasks are more arduous than ever before, but are achievable, since the current conditions are favorable for poverty alleviation. The Chinese leadership has attached great importance to poverty reduction, a guarantee of success in the poverty elimination cause, he noted. He disclosed that China will increase its investment in poor areas and has designated 582 counties as priority targets for poverty elimination. The Chinese Government has decided to increase its investment in the "work for food program" by five billion yuan and in discount loans by one billion yuan each year during 1994-2000. In addition, the current reforms in China, including the effort to establish a socialist market economy, have provided the poor regions with unprecedented chances for economic development, the official said. Because of the open policy, many remote, backward inland or border regions, which used to be sealed off from the outside world, have taken forward positions in China's opening drive and opened important trading ports with neighboring countries. The opening drive has promoted economic and trade development in the poor areas and uplifted the living standards of the people. The booming national economy has also created enormous jobs for the poor regions, which are rich in labor resources. Last year, the expanding labor market in and outside of China absorbed about 10 million laborers from sichuan, China's most populous province, which earned about 10 billion yuan, Chen told the meeting. Thanks to the reform of commodity circulation systems and gradual lifting of controls over prices, the poor areas will earn much more through exploiting their rich natural resources than before. According to statistics from the State Planning Commission, China has used about 30 billion yuan worth of industrial goods and food to finance development programs in poor regions since it launched "the work for food program" a decade ago. During each year of the past decade, the Chinese Government itself allocated five billion yuan to poor regions in aid or soft loans. China's poor have decreased from 125 million in 1986 to 80 million in 1992.

FBIS3-1622_0

Beijing To Borrow $1 Billion for River Dam

Language: English Article Type:BFN [Text] Beijing, February 25 (XINHUA) -- China plans to borrow 1.076 billion U.S. dollars of foreign loans to build a huge water conservancy project designed to generate power and control flood of the Yellow River [Huang He]. Work on the Xiaolangdi project, a site on the Yellow River 40 km north of Luoyang City in Henan Province, will start later this year, according to a Water Conservancy Ministry official. Vice-Minister of Water Conservancy Zhang Chunyuan said that about 1.2 billion yuan has been spent on the preparation of the project in the past two years, involving 10,000 construction workers. The foreign loans will be part of the total expenditure. However, Water Conservancy Ministry officials declined to give the total budget for the huge project. Deng Shengming, deputy chief engineer of the Yellow River Conservancy Commission, said today that the project, which has a designed total capacity of 12.56 billion c.m. [cubic meters], will be able to control the largest flood to occur in 1,000 years. Nearly 100 million people will be freed from all devastating flood threats caused by the river. At present, the river dyke can only resist a flood of a size forecast to occur once every 60 years. The project, to be completed in nine years, will help control the ice jams which occur every year downstream during the ice break-up and reduce the severe aggradation of the river bed along the lower reaches, the engineer said. In addition, it will provide water for industry, as well as irrigation and produce hydro-electric energy along the lower reaches.

FBIS3-1640_0

Guangdong Encourages Growth of Private Schools

Language: English Article Type:BFN [Text] Guangzhou, February 26 (XINHUA) -- Private schools, which have been mushrooming throughout China in recent years, have been given greater importance in promoting education in south China's Guangdong Province. A meeting in this provincial capital decided that private schools would have a bigger expansion in Guangdong, especially in the fields of pre-school and adult education, and vocational training. The meeting, which was held to draw up a blueprint for the province's education in 1994, also allows private schools to pay more attention to the teaching of foreign languages, computer science and art in their syllabuses, provided that they also meet the education standards established by the state. The meeting promised that non-profit private schools would get help from the government in funds and acquisition of land. On the other hand, the meeting demanded that a complete set of regulations be established for a better administration of private schools. Aimed at reforming the present public school system, the meeting decided that some elementary and high schools, as well as vocational training schools might be turned over to private operation through tendering. Boosting the private school sector is only part of the province's education plan. Regarding education as a strategic move in the march to modernization over the next 20 years, the province now aims to set up a complete new education system. Though Guangdong has, since 1978, invested more than ten billion yuan in building and repairing schools in addition to other types of educational investment, education officials said the development of education still can not meet the demand.

FBIS3-1644_0

XINHUA Notes Wealth of Hainan's Resources

Language: English Article Type:BFN [Text] Haikou, February 26 (XINHUA) -- Hainan, an island province in southernmost China, has turned out to be rich in minerals as well as tropical and oceanic resources. Prospecting by the province's geological and mineral departments has discovered 88 kinds of minerals, of which 59 are worthy for industrial exploration. Reserves of ten minerals, such as arenaceous quartz, natural gas and iron ore, rank among the top in the country. The province's deposits of iron ore take up more than 70 percent of the country's iron-rich ore deposits. The ore goes to some 100 iron and steel plants in the country. The province is also abundant in a great number of metal ores, stone, coal and crude oil resources on land and under nearby waters. At present, the annual output value of the province's mining and related processing industry is worth about one billion yuan (114.9 million U.S. dollars).

FBIS3-1651_0

Inner Mongolia Improves Telecommunications

Language: English Article Type:BFN [Text] Hohhot, February 24 (XINHUA) -- Two major railway lines are nearing completion while all counties (banners) [as received] have installed urban automatic telephone exchanges in northern China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. This is part of the achievements the autonomous region made last year in its infrastructure construction. The region has in recent years concentrated its efforts on the construction of transportation and telecommunications facilities, which are essential to relieve bottlenecks in local economic development. Last year, the region spent more than 6.7 billion yuan on some 20 national key projects and 17 local key projects. Some of them were completed and put into operation last year. They have yielded good economic and social returns. The region installed some 193,000 lines of urban telephones were installed last year, an increase of more than 100,000 lines over the previous year. The Datong-Jungar railway and the Jining-Tongliao railway, which will soon be completed, are expected to bring common prosperity to the eastern and western parts of the autonomous region. In addition, ten leading highway projects are still under construction. Infrastructure facilities at the border posts like Erenhot and Manzhouli, bordering on Mongolia and Russia, were also improved last year. The energy industry in the autonomous region grew rapidly last year as generators with a capacity of 574,000 kilowatts were installed, pushing the total installed capacity to nearly 4.68 million kilowatts. Construction of a number of other national key projects, including several coal mines and copper mines, is also well on its way.

FBIS3-1654_0

Non-Metallic Industry in Shanxi Province Grows

Language: English Article Type:BFN [Text] Taiyuan, February 28 (XINHUA) -- Rich in coal and other energy resources, north China's Shanxi Province is also a leader in the fast-growing non-metallic minerals world. The province plans to invest more than six billion yuan in development of non-metallic minerals with 54 exploration projects. The province's verified reserves of refractory clay amount to 537 million tons, about 26 percent of the country's total. Its annual clay output reaches over one million tons. Other major non-metallic minerals include alumina, zeolite, rutile, pearlite, potassium, lime and plaster stones, ranking first in the country both in such reserves and their quality. The increasing exploration for non-metallic menerals is attributed to the country's fast-growing construction and industrial demands and the minerals' high economic returns. Analysts here say that the costs of exploration for and use of non-metals are very low and the prices commanded by non-metal products can be ten times, or even a hundred times those for raw metallic ores. In addition, they have a wide use in many industrial sectors, including metallurgy, chemistry, light industry, construction materials, agriculture and environmental protection. Yangquan, known as a coal city in the eastern border area of Shanxi, produces refractory materials which have been sold to many countries in East Asia and the Western world, as well as to most of China's domestic iron and steel companies. The city's annual output value for refractory materials has been over 200 million yuan over the past few years. It also plans to build a new center with a production capacity of one million tons of refractory materials yearly and another for high-quality production of half a million tons of such materials. The province also has an ample storage of construction materials such as red and black granites, which have for some time enjoyed a good reputation on the world market. For this reason, five big rock materials processing companies will be built in Lingqiu, Hunyuan, Jiangxian and Wutai counties, and Xinzhou City, with a total output of 200,000 cubic meters of rock materials and 1.45 million square meters of rock plates each year. The richness of the non-metallic resources also promotes the province's chemical and porcelain industries. The provincial government has decided to rebuild a chemical plant to bring out a series of expanding clay products which have a wide use in casting, textiles, cleaning, and the national defense industry. In the

FBIS3-1659_1

XINHUA Commentary on Hong Kong White Paper

the "three violations" stand. They amply demonstrate that Britain alone has closed the door to negotiations and has taken the road of all-out confrontation with China on the question of Hong Kong's political system. All Chinese people, including the people of Hong Kong, absolutely cannot tolerate Britain's long-premeditated actions. As is universally known, Patten, as early as in 1992, shortly after he assumed the post of Hong Kong governor, assumed a facade of benevolence and, under the banner of "expanding democracy," systematically and step by step peddled the political system bill in an attempt to change Hong Kong's current political system and to promote pro-British and anti-Chinese elements in the political arena so that after 1997 Hong Kong would become an independent or semi-independent political entity controlled by Britain but beyond the reach of the Chinese central government. His sinister intentions are all too clear. For starters, in October 1992, Patten, without previous announcements, suddenly dished up the political system bill in his government work report, thus breaking the state of consultations and cooperation which had existed between China and Britain since the signing, through negotiations, of the Joint Declaration on the Hong Kong question. As a result, open polemics ensued for as long as six months. Then, last April Britain was compelled to begin negotiations with China on the question of the 1994-95 Hong Kong election arrangements. At the negotiating table, however, Britain constantly resorted to double-level tactics, uttering glib words while secretly playing small tricks and trying by hook and by crook to impede the progress of the negotiations. Later on, when China and Britain almost reached agreement on the question of elections for the district board and the two municipal councils, Britain raised news issues and insisted on including in the negotiations the method for holding the Legco elections. It also flagrantly announced the suspension of the negotiations on election arrangements for regional organizations, and it unilaterally proceeded to enact laws. Despite all these things, China still repeatedly stated that on the precondition that Britain withdrew some of its bills from the Legco, the door to negotiations would be wide open. However, Britain ignored the Chinese statements and thus shut the door to negotiations. The aforesaid facts clearly show that both prior to and during the negotiations, or during the three crucial stages that led to the breakup of negotiations, Britain demonstrated no sincerity whatsoever for cooperating

FBIS3-1674_0

Journal Views Deng Xiaoping's State of Health Wan Li and Liu Huaqing Testify That Deng Has Trouble With His Legs Ding Guangeng Indicated That Allowing Deng Xiaoping To Appear on TV in a Senile and Weak Condition Was an Inappropriate Decision Jiang Zemin: The Political Bureau and I should Bear Certain Responsibility Bo Yibo Gives Explanation of Deng Xiaoping's TV Appearance on 9 February

Language: Chinese Article Type:BFN ["Notes on a Northern Journey" by staff reporter Lo Ping (5012 0393): "State of Deng Xiaoping's Health and Controversy Over His Public Appearance"] [Text]Deng Xiaoping Has Contracted Myopathy in the Leg "One of the purposes of Deng Xiaoping's recent trip down south (Shanghai and other places) was to improve his bodily functions and find a cure for his rheumatic arthritis." That is quoted from a report in the "Notes on a Northern Journey" in the February 1994 issue of CHENG MING. Rheumatoid arthritis can be categorized as a "disease of the elderly" which is common and does not pose any threat to Deng's health. However, through diagnosis, it was concluded that Deng Xiaoping had contracted myopathy in the leg. That is an uncommon disease and more troublesome than ordinary rheumatoid arthritis. Deng will accept medical treatment in both Western and traditional Chinese medicine. This news had its origins with Wan Li and Liu Huaqing. Wan Li and Liu Huaqing Testify That Deng Has Trouble With His Legs When Wan Li met veteran comrades in Beijing at the Great Hall of the People on 5 February, he said: "Comrade Xiaoping's health is an issue of universal concern from the top tp the bottom in China and also overseas. All men have to take the last leg of the journey in life.... The Central Committee has made special arrangements for the health of Comrade Xiaoping. After a recent consultation by experts from various departments, all of Comrade Xiaoping's bodily orrgans were found to be normal as was his blood pressure and pulse. Although he is approaching 90, his train of thought remains clear, a phenomenon which experts believe to be rare at his age. The experts proposed that as Deng is getting on in age, it was advisable that he should use his brain less; otherwise, it would affect his blood pressure, especially in the evening. Recently, Comrade Xiaoping has contracted myopathy in the leg and finds it difficult to walk long distances. Presently, he is accepting medical treatment in both Western and traditional Chinese medicine." On 6 February, when Liu Huaqing feted old generals in Beijing at the Jingxi Guest House, he said: Our former Central Military Commission chairman, Comrade Deng Xiaoping is in healthy condition. The Central Committee has proposed that Comrade Xiaoping cut back walking when he goes out. He has contracted myopathy in his

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Journal Views Deng Xiaoping's State of Health Wan Li and Liu Huaqing Testify That Deng Has Trouble With His Legs Ding Guangeng Indicated That Allowing Deng Xiaoping To Appear on TV in a Senile and Weak Condition Was an Inappropriate Decision Jiang Zemin: The Political Bureau and I should Bear Certain Responsibility Bo Yibo Gives Explanation of Deng Xiaoping's TV Appearance on 9 February

legs and is under medical treatment now. He still likes to stroll for an hour or so every day. The Central Committee has decided to reduce the effects on Comrade Deng Xiaoping's rest as best it can. Veteran Cadres's Minds Are Overshadowed When veteran cadres heard the briefings of Wan Li and Liu Huaqing, they started gossiping in private. Although both Wan Li and Liu Huaqing made remarks to ease their minds, some of the veteran cadres' minds were overshadowed. Many people, both in the government and the public, hoped that Deng's trouble with his legs would not develop further. Others found it uncomfortable to hear the word "myopathy." If they believed in God they would certainly pray for Deng Xiaoping. This reporter knew nothing about the word "myopathy" and when some people were terrified upon hearing it, this reporter was reminded to consult a doctor about it. A physician from a famous hospital said, myopathy is not terrible, not life-threatening, and will not necessarily shorten one's lifespan. However, there is no effective cure but some of the symptoms can be alleviated. Should the disease be found in one's lower limbs, it will affect one's ability to walk and one is liable to tumble; this being the case, the patient must have the support of others when he walks. Another physician gave a similar explanation. By inference, he believed that the reason why some people were terrified at the mere mention of "myopathy" was that they had learned from XINHUA News Agency's internal reference department: A Canadian women continuously demanded "euthanasia" because of contracting myopathy and committed "suicide" with a doctor's aid in the end. The physician said that such cases are rare. The physicians said that they had not received news of Deng Xiaoping contracting myopathy; but this reporter personally believes that, had they learned the inside story, they would not have been worried about Deng. The Central Committee Suggests Deng Xiaoping Curtail Walking It is said that Deng Xiaoping was very confident in medical treatment in both Western and Chinese traditional medicine. The Central Committee suggested that he curtail his walking; however, this stubborn elderly person has insisted on doing some exercises outdoors. In the medical treatment group comprising the experts, opinions varied. One opinion was that he should cut back walking as much as possible; and the other opinion was that he could continue walking under the

FBIS3-1689_0

Owen, Stoltenberg Defend NATO's Downing Serb Planes

Language: English Article Type:BFN [Text] Geneva, February 28 (XINHUA) -- The co-chairmen of the international conference on the former Yugoslavia, Thorvald Stoltenberg and David Owen, said today that the NATO action of shooting down four Serb warplanes was "entirely justified". The co-chairmen said in a statement that "the presence of six military jet aircraft detected and engaged by NATO aircraft this morning was a violation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 781." "The action by NATO was clearly authorised by UN Security Council Resolution 816 which was aimed at ensuring compliance with the ban proportionate to the specific circumstances and the nature of the flights," said the statement. "Today's action was entirely justified and should not be used by any of the parties to distract from the pressing need to negotiate a settlement to the conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina," they stressed. On 6 October 1992, the U.N. Security Council passed Resolution 781 which banned all unauthorised flights over Bosnia-Herzegovina. A week later, on 13 October, the Serb leader Radovan Karadzic gave his assurance, in a meeting with the co-chairmen in Geneva, that Bosnian Serb fixed-wing aircraft would not violate the U.N. ban, according to the co-chairmen's statement.

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International Mediators Justify NATO Attack

Language: English Article Type:BFN [Text] United Nations, February 28 (XINHUA) -- The presence of six military jet aircraft detected and engaged by NATO aircraft this morning was a violation of UN Security Council resolution, the spokesman for the co-chairmen of the international conference on the former Yugoslavia said today. According to news release from Geneva available here, the spokesman said the NATO's shotdown of four of the six aircraft over central Bosnia early this morning was clearly authorized by UN Security Council Resolution 816, which was aimed at ensuring compliance with the ban "proportionate to the specific circumstances and the nature of the flights." "Today's action was entirely justified and should not be used by any of the parties to distract from the pressing need to negotiate a settlement to the conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina," he said. According to the information director of the UN Protection Force in the Former Yugoslavia (Unprofor), the NATO planes were patrolling the "no-fly" zone over Bosnia when the incident occurred. It was the first time that NATO warplanes have taken this action since the "no-fly" zone was declared in October 1992. The Unprofor said the NATO aircraft encountered six Galeb aircraft. They challenged them and warned them twice that they were flying in violation of the Security Council resolution on the issue.

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New Zealand Backs NATO's Shooting Down of Serb Jets

Language: English Article Type:BFN [Text] Wellington, March 1 (XINHUA) -- New Zealand today voiced its backing for NATO's action yesterday in shooting down four military planes said to be flown by Bosnian Serbs. Foreign Minister Don McKinnon said NATO was acting within the mandate of the Security Council resolution passed last March when New Zealand acted as president. "They (the aircraft) were warned, they ignored it and they have paid the price," he said. "The resolution really sent two signals -- that the Security Council would not tolerate violations of its resolutions and decisions and that the best course was to stop fighting and instead work on setting differences by negotiation," the minister added. NATO said its fighters yesterday shot down four Serb warplanes which were conducting a bombing raid over Bosnia.

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Bulgaria Concerned Over Violation of Bosnian No-Fly Zone

Language: English Article Type:BFN [Text] Sofia, February 28 (XINHUA) -- The Bulgarian Government said Monday [28 February] that it is deeply concerned over the violation of the no-fly zone imposed over Bosnia by the United Nations. It was reported earlier today that two NATO F-16 fighters shot down four alleged Bosnian Serb aircraft over Banja Luka in Bosnia. A statement issued by Bulgaria's Foreign Ministry about the action carried out by NATO said the UN resolutions enforcing a no-fly zone, numbers 781 and 816, were part of the efforts made by the international community to find a peaceful settlement to the Bosnia crisis. It appealed for a strict compliance of these resolutions and hoped that the incident will not jeopardize the on-going peace process for an end to the military conflict in Bosnia.

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Police Patrol System Implemented Nationwide

Language: English Article Type:BFN [Text] Beijing, February 26 (CNS)--A police patrol system is now in place nationwide with 88 medium- and large-sized cities, including 23 municipalities and provincial capitals, introducing this practice with a patrol force of 15,000 in various police units. The practice has enabled the public security department to have a tight grip on public order and help create a sense of safety throughout society. Implementation of the patrol system has in the past two years been one of the important measures adopted in various cities for the restructuring of public security work and for the strengthening of public order. The police patrol practice has been adopted in certain areas in Shanghai, Tianjin, Beijing, Wuhan, Fuzhou, Xian and Shenyang and such patrols are supported by advanced communications systems enabling a rapid response to emergencies. The patrol practice provides a convenience for the public to report crime to the police and in turn boosts the ability of a rapid response by the police. Shanghai has a police force of 2,800 specially for patrols, and patrol posts have been erected in certain areas in the municipality and cover a wide area. The police can rush to the scene of a problem within three to five minutes after receiving a report. Police on patrol arrested a total of 1,986 suspected criminals in Tianjin last year and 5836 criminals were dealt with. Patrolling police helped solve 6,589 cases concerning social order and 1,947 criminal cases while they settled 15,900 civil disputes and some 100,000 cases where the public was faced with various kinds of difficulties and problems. Police patrols in cars were employed last year in Wuhan, Xian, Hangzhou and Shenzhen with striking success in the handling of crime reports and showing a rapid response in combatting various kinds of crime.

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Tibet's Private Sector Enterprises Viewed

15,000 types of commodities, which are distributed to most prefectures and counties in the autonomous region. The rapidly developing individual sector of the economy contrasts sharply with state-run enterprises, which are struggling. Some people feel individual businesses have edged out state-run enterprises and taken over the market. The view of one entrepreneur was to the point when he said: "Individual businesses are using their own money to create tax income for the state, and the state does not have to bear any risk or burden." Data show that in 1993 individually run industrial and commercial enterprises paid more than 26 million yuan in taxes to the state, accounting for 40 percent of the region's total industrial and commercial taxes. In fact, in Tibet, a region where the economy is backward, transportation and information services are lacking, and which relies on other provinces for the majority of its daily necessities, the role played by the private sector of the economy should not be doubted. In urban areas, rural areas, and pastoral areas, individual businesses, like the light cavalry, are playing an undeniable role in enlivening Tibet's rural and urban economy, improving the circulation of commodities, and providing convenience in the daily life of the masses. Taking a look at the development of the region's individually run businesses, we can see that their prospects are bright. However, Tibet's growth rate and scale of development are insufficient compared to other provinces and regions. The reasons are: People's awareness of commodities is still rather weak; the market system has yet to be cultivated and improved; industrial and commercial administrative departments, although charged with administering markets, have themselves applied for land to be used for the construction of markets -- this continues to be a problem; and some other departments have collected all types of fees and so "killed the chicken to get the eggs," thus affecting the development of individual businesses. Relevant departments have proposed that to boost the development of individual businesses, we must thoroughly implement all regulations that help the development of individual businesses and at the same to strengthen propaganda, improve management and services, crack down on illegal economic activities, and encourage fair and rational competition. Only this way can there be a new breakthrough in the development of private sector economic undertakings. It is expected that the private sector of the economy in Tibet will continue to develop in 1994.

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MOFTEC Revokes 2d Batch of Internal Documents Announcement No. 2

No. 10) 24. Circular on the Publication of "Request for Instruction on Several Urgent Problems Regarding the Setting Up of Joint Venture Enterprises Abroad and in Hong Kong and Macao" ([86] MOFERT Cooperation Code No. 16) 25. Circular on Consolidating Our Contracting Companies in Thailand ([86] MOFERT Cooperation Code No. 51) 26. Circular on Matters Regarding the Contracting of Engineering and Labor and Service Cooperation Projects in the Soviet Union ([86] MOFERT Cooperation Code No. 54) 27. Circular on Matters Regarding Cooperating With Philippine Companies ([86] MOFERT Cooperation Code No. 80) 28. Circular on Rectifying and Consolidating Joint Venture Enterprises Abroad ([86] MOFERT Cooperation Code No. 75) 29. Circular on Improving the Quality of Bid-Tendering Documents ([86] MOFERT Cooperation Code No. 90) 30. Notice on Progress Made in Labor and Service Cooperation with the Eastern European Nations ([86] MOFERT Cooperation Code No. 71) 31. Circular on Matters Regarding Chinese Companies Contracting Engineering and Labor Service Cooperation Projects in Singapore ([86] MOFERT Cooperation Code No. 119) 32. Letter Reiterating Several Matters Concerning Our Sending Chefs To Work in the Federal Republic of Germany ([86] MOFERT Cooperation Code 2 No. 105) 33. Several Suggestions on Contracting Engineering Projects in Nepal ([87] MOFERT Cooperation Code No. 19) 34. Circular On Relaying the Temporary Method of Supplying Machinery and Electrical Goods Needed by Import-Export Companies in Their Foreign Contracted Engineering Projects ([87] MOFERT Cooperation Code No. 81) 35. Letter Regarding the Publication of "Guide To Actual Payments in Expropriations ([87] MOFERT Cooperation Code 2 No. 68) 36. Circular on Matters Concerning the Equipment and Materials and Workers' Daily Necessities Related to Foreign Contracted Engineering Projects and Enterprises Abroad Brought Out of the Country by International Economic and Technological Cooperation Companies ([88] MOFERT Cooperation Code No. 82) 37. Response to the Question of Economic and Trade Cooperation With Taiwan in Zaire ([88] MOFERT Cooperation Code No. 44) 38. Circular Regarding Chinese American Zheng Sheng [6774 5116] (John Cheng) ([88] MOFERT Cooperation Code No. 125) 39. Letter Regarding Prompt Report on Contracting Engineering Projects and Labor and Service Cooperation Businesses in the Soviet Union ([88] MOFERT Cooperation Code No. 2 p 117) 40. Circular Reiterating the Need To Strengthen Foreign Affairs Discipline and Education of Workers Involved in Foreign Labor Contracts ([88] MOFERT Cooperation Code 2 No. 120) 41. Notice On Experiences and Lessons From Labor Cooperation Projects in the Fishery Industry in Some African Nations

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MOFTEC Revokes 2d Batch of Internal Documents 4th Batch of Documents Revoked

of Finished Products, MOFERT Zongjizi No. 123/82 20. Measures of Trial Implementation of the State Administrative Commission on Import and Export Affairs [SACIEA] and MOFERT for Management of Customers, SACIEA Chuzi No. 025/80 21. Measures of Trial Implementation of the State Administrative Commission on Import and Export Affairs and MOFERT for Management of Overseas Trade Sale Promotion, Inspection, Sale Exhibition, and Technological Service Teams, SACIEA Chuzi No. 025/80 22. Notice of MOFERT and the GAOC on Prohibition of Carrying Out Consignment Sales Services in Regard to Eight Commodities Including Television Sets, MOFERT Jinyezi No. 115/81 23. Notice of MOFERT and the GAOC on Specific Measures for Practicing an Export License System Among 11 Kinds of Most Sought After Materials, MOFERT Chuqizi No. 35/82 24. Notice of MOFERT and SACIEA on Distribution of the "Assumptions on Further Running Export Commodity Production Bases and Specialized Factories Well," MOFERT Jizongzi, No. 126/81 25. Notice of MOFERT on Transmitting to Lower Levels of the "Regulations of Trial Implementation Concerning Export Coordinating Teams," MOFERT Jinchuerzi No. 398/82 26. Explanations of SACIEA, the State Planning Commission, MOFERT, and the GAOC on the Description Meanings of 11 Most Sought After Materials, MOFERT Chumingfa No. 89/82 27. Notice of MOFERT on Printing and Distributing the Regulations on Raising the Execution Rates of Export Contracts, Maochusizi, No. 198/82 28. Measures of MERWFC, the Ministry of Finance, and the People's Construction Bank of China for Special Loans for the Production of Export Manufactured Goods, MOFERT Jjizongzi No. 35/82 29. Notice of MOFERT and SACIEA on the Measures To Handle Quality Defects in Imported Complete Sets of Equipment, MOFERT Chengzi No. 709/055/80 30. Notice of MOFERT and the GAOCC on Implementing the "Notice on Strictly Controlling Import of Various Kinds of Compact Cars," MOFERT Jinguanzi No. 655/80 31. Notice of MOFERT on Placement of Import Orders Directly Handled by National Corporations Specialized in Foreign Trade Using Officially Owned Foreign Exchange Outside State Plans, MOFERT Jinzongzi No. 418/82 32. Notice of MOFERT on Strengthening the Unified Order Placement of Imported Timber, MOFERT Guanzi No. 42/82 33. Notice of MOFERT and the GAOC on Implementing the "Notice on Temporary Suspension of Import of Chemical Fiber Materials" Issued by SACIEA, GAOC Huozi No. 941/81 34. Notice of MOFERT on Transmitting of the State Council's Document No. 87 (1982), MOFERT Guanxuzi No. 48/82 35. Additional Notice of MOFERT on the List of Specific Varieties of

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Columnist Views Nuclear Inspections in DPRK

Japan. But the DPRK has consistently denied it is developing nuclear weapons and says that its nuclear technology only serves the construction of nuclear power plants. The DPRK used to have close ties with the former Soviet Union, and it is entirely possible that Soviet nuclear and missile experts have helped Pyongyang with its nuclear development. Japan believes that if the DPRK has nuclear weapons, Japan should also be making them. The United States says that it would not be unusual for the DPRK to have more than 10 kg of plutonium by now, and that the DPRK has been secretly developing nuclear warheads and carrier rockets for two years and experimenting with detonators for three years. Another expert view holds that the DPRK is incapable of developing nuclear weapons. It is true that Pyongyang badly wants to study and develop them, but it does not have the economic strength and suffers acutely from electricity shortages; the development of a nuclear industry requires enormous electricity supplies. Pyongyang Develops Relations With ASEAN The DPRK's economic situation also precludes it from developing costly nuclear weapons. Last year, it completed its third seven-year economic construction plan without achieving the planned target of a 10-percent industrial growth rate -- officials said it was only 5.6 percent. The government has designated the next three years as a period of economic restructuring with the focus on developing food and light industry and foreign trade. Such a move is bound to slow down nuclear developments. The greatest disadvantages for the DRPK are insufficient energy and food shortages. Its trade with China has grown rapidly over the last two years from around $500 or $600 million to $900 million last year, mostly energy and food imports from China. The view of the United States, Japan, and the ROK is that the DPRK wants to develop nuclear weapons very much but has shelved the project because of practical difficulties. It remains to see whether the international investigative team can get full cooperation from the DPRK and can conduct its work smoothly there. However, the DPRK has realized that Asia is the center of economic development and hopes to strengthen its economic ties with the Asia- Pacific region with requests to participate in the ASEAN economic conference. All of this signals a policy change toward embracing the international community. Opening the country to nuclear inspections is part of that change.

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U.S. Accused of IPR Infringements

Language: English Article Type:BFN [By Debbie Kuo] [Text] Taipei, March 2 (CNA) -- Several Republic of China [ROC] legislators Wednesday [2 March] quoted US customs statistics which show that the US is the world's sixth largest source of intellectual property rights (IPR) infringements and demanded the US better police its computer software exports. Five Kuomintang legislators, including Lin Shou-shan and Lin Chih-chia, called on the Clinton administration to require the same export inspections of US software as the US Trade Representative officials have recommended for Taipei. Noting that US customs statistics show US IPR violations are only one percent behind those of Taiwan, the legislators called for equal treatment for the two countries. "It is fair to ask the US to impose a similar export inspection system to curb IPR violation," they said in a joint statement released Wednesday morning. The statement also called on the US to revise its patent law to add prison terms for IPR violators, as Taiwan is being asked to do the same. Legislators Ting Shou-chung, Wei Yung and Chao Yung-ching also signed the statement.

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Scholars Urge End to Corruption, Part 1 The Extent of Corruption Has Become Cancerous I. The Institutional Root Cause of Corruption: Economic Rent To Find a Radical Cure for Corruption, the "Rent" Must Be Abolished Worsening of Rent-seeking Activities Because of Intervention

the trade in tobacco, or in the operation of telephone and telegram services are on lease with a special permit issued by the government. When those enterprises acquire the monopoly, they willreceive monopolized profits, namely profits exceeding the normal level. When the government allows some special interest groups to have an industrial monopoly and a special permit in operation, the unhealthy atmosphere in the trade will remain stubbornly despite repeated bans. On the other hand, those interest groups will draw a portion from their monopolized profits to bribe government officials so that the latter can come out in the open to intervene and impede other enterprises from participating in competition to protect their monopoly status and guarantee that their industrial economic rent will not be expanded and shared by others. This being the case, to abolish those special economic privileges and allow other enterprises to participate in fair competition is the way to radically cure the unhealthy atmosphere in trades. Third, high tariffs for imports and import quotas. There are both advantages and disadvantages in high tariffs to the development of national industry. From the angle of advantages, high tariffs serve to protect the infantile national industry from international competition and enable it to develop rapidly. From the angle of disadvantages, when the industry is to transcend the infantile phase and is monopolized by a small number of enterprises, those enterprises will give up their efforts to improve technology and quality and augment their market competitiveness with the protection of high tariffs. They enjoy the same essential income far higher than other industries. The control over import quotas and import permits has become the major source, as well as chief characteristic, of rent-seeking by foreign trade departments and companies. A foreign trade company general manager said publicly: "If we delegate power of imports and exports to enterprises, who then will support us?" Obviously, to artificially set up a tariff wall, implementoing an operational monopoly in foreign trade is actually protecting the vested interests of those government-run organizations and monopoly groups under the pretext of protecting national interest. And fourth, the government's "preferential policies" for certain regions or groups. Everyone knows that "preferential policy" is not a mere scrap of paper but has a great content of gold, which equates providing certain monopoly to a certain province or trade. For example, regarding the implementation of "tax reduction or exemption" over a

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Scholars Urge End to Corruption, Part 2 VI. Institutional Upgrading Is the Fundamental Way of Opposing Corruption V. Suggestions for Major Institutional Upgrading Measures To Cure Corruption Permanently

in a relatively short time, say, two or three years, and, further, to roughly establish the framework of the socialist market economic system in a relatively short time, say, 10 years or a little longer. We Do Not Oppose the Use of Ethical Restraining Forces. Finally, what needs pointing out is that we favor curing corruption permanently by institutional upgrading. However, this does not mean excluding and opposing the use of ethical restraining forces but, on the contrary, they must be strengthened and fully used. The following major reform measures to be taken are all based on this idea. At the same time, consideration has also been given to short- and long-term measures. Some measures can be gradually put into effect in the short term and some take a relatively long time to implement. V. Suggestions for Major Institutional Upgrading Measures To Cure Corruption Permanently 1. Liberalize interest rates and make them market oriented. Capital is the most sought after element of production and, while capital is the source of economic growth, it can become a bottleneck for economic expansion. In a market economy, "everybody is equal before interest rates." This is one of the basic conditions for the main players in economic activities of all types to enjoy fair competition and economic freedom. Interest rates are the use price of funds and reflect the relationship between fund supply and demand. For many years, state-owned banks have pursued official interest rates in some enterprises (mainly state-owned enterprises) and market interest rates among some other enterprises (mainly nonstate-owned enterprises). Moreover, they gave "preferential treatment" to the former in the form of a loan quota ration and employed "discriminatory treatment" to the latter. This is the typical way of doing things based on the "theory of the unique importance of class origin," a method which violates the principle of fair competition in the market economy. It is one of the main causes for the distortions in the funds market and the large-scale rent-seeking activities. Moreover, the current banking and financial activities are basically directed by administrative orders. Under the pressure of political groups, the banks grant "political background" loans and governments at all level directly interfere in the banks' loan business. The basic line of thinking on cracking the crux of this problem is to turn the "double track" interest rate system to a "single track" market interest rate system, liberalize interest

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Trade, Production Statistics Issued for 1993 Mineral Exploration Noted

Language: English Article Type:BFN [By Xie Yicheng: "134 Mineral Sites Discovered or Confirmed in '93] [Text] To meet its rapidly growing needs, China intensified the exploration of energy reserves, minerals and groundwater in 1993. As a result, the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources reported 134 sites where industrial deposits of minerals were discovered or confirmed. The raw materials are oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, gold, lead and zinc, copper and bauxite. In the meantime, a major breakthrough was made in prospecting for 56 known deposits of gold, copper, lead and zinc, tin, silver, uranium, oil and natural gas. An official with the ministry's geological exploration department disclosed big increases in the proven reserves of 31 kinds of minerals. Last year's oil and gas prospecting plan was fulfilled. Also, 800 million tons of coal reserves were verified, 150 million tons of iron ore, 20 million tons of manganese ore, 2.5 million tons of copper, 76 million tons of bauxite and 20,000 tons of antimony. The results of the oil and gas survey sharpened China's picture of its energy resources, the official said. The prospecting teams evaluated a legion of oil traps in the remote Tarim and Junggar basins in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region where many wells are highly productive. In the East China Sea, offshore oil departments drilled a high- yield well that can extract 646 cubic metres of crude oil and 226,600 cubic metres of natural gas a day. A 30-kilometre-long copper belt was uncovered in Yunnan Province in Southwestern China while a batch of gold mines was found in Northeast and Northwest China. In addition, geological workers have prospected eight groundwater sources in Tianjin, Shandong, Guangxi, Sichuan and Shaanxi with total explorable reserves of 600,000 tons. And the discovery of huge water sources in coal-rich Shanxi Province and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has also allayed acute water shortages in these energy bases and permitted further development. In the Tibet Autonomous Region, a 262-centigrade geothermal well was dug to a depth of 2,006 metres. The well, the hottest of China's high-temperature geothermal wells, lays a solid foundation for installation of lO,OOO-kilowatt electricity generators.

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Mining Industry Council Urges Development of Minerals

Language: Chinese Article Type:BFN [By GUANGYE BAO (Mining Industry Paper) reporter Li Hongbing (2621 3163 0393) and XINHUA reporter Li Guangru (2621 0342 5423)] [Text] Beijing, 25 Feb (XINHUA) -- According to the second executive meeting of the first council of the Mining Industry Association held in Beijing on 25 February, China's mining industry is seeking new development by deepening reform and is advancing toward international markets. The mining industry is a basic industry in China's national economy, including undertakings in coal, the chemical industry, nonferrous metals, construction materials, the metallurgical industry, and geology and mineral resources. China has abundant natural resources and can be considered a major producer of mineral resources. At present, the number of minerals that have been surveyed as being abundant is 151. China ranks third in the world both in terms of the potential value of its mineral resources and as a producer of mineral ores. In recent years, it has considerably raised the output of raw and semifinished materials which depend on mineral products for their raw materials. China's output of coal ores, cement, and glass has been the largest in the world, and its output of steel and nonferrous metals, crude oil, and gold has been, respectively, the fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-largest in the world. Economists made the following comment on the issue: The development of the mining industry has enormously increased China's comprehensive national strength and has laid a material foundation for realizing the second-step strategic objective. While deepening reform and gearing up toward the market, China's mining industry has been actively seeking international markets. It has been learned that cooperation in marine oil exploration, which is generally concerned with international joint ventures, has continually expanded. The China National Offshore Oil Corporation has signed agreements with 50 companies from 13 countries and regions to open up 560,000 square km of the ocean's area, and foreign companies have accumulatively invested $3.68 billion of funds. China has made various types of progress in joint ventures to develop mineral resources with Brazil, Mongolia, and South Africa. China has jointly launched more than 30 geological exploration undertakings and surveying projects for mineral resources with 17 countries and regions. More than 20 Chinese mineral surveying teams have entered the international market, and these have contracts for more than 100 projects. China's new nuclear power and nuclear fuel industry has also begun to enter the international market. A

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Envoy to UN Criticizes `Politicizing' of Rights Issues

countries, in contemporary history China was subjected to aggression and plundering by foreign powers. Before 1949, the Chinese people were for a long time victims to the enslavement and oppression in the hands of imperialists, feudalists and bureaucratic-capitalists. They lived in dire misery without any human right or fundamental freedom at all. Since the founding of New China, the Chinese Government has been working to uphold national independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity, and attaches great importance to safeguarding the rights of the Chinese people to subsistence and to development. Over the past four decades, China has scored widely-acknowledged successes in its economic construction. Particularly since the adoption of the policy of reform and opening-up to the outside world in the late 1970s, China has been developing its economy at a fast pace, making a steady improvement in the people's living standard. Chinese citizens today enjoy much more human rights and fundamental freedoms than anytime in the past. This fact has been acknowledged by all unbiased persons. China is a developing country with a huge population. In spite of the significant progress made in all field through decades of efforts, we are still faced with many problems. Because of disparities of development level among regions, some regions in the country are falling far behind others. The country has a net population growth of about fifteen to sixteen millions per year. Overpopulation has reduced the ratio of resources for each person. Bearing in mind those hard facts, the Chinese Government has always accorded primary importance to the development of its national economy and the improvement of the people's living standard. The development of economy and the improvement of the people's living conditions is a basic guarantee for greater enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms. Political reform must conform to the country's specific conditions, ensure social stability and promote smooth economic development. At present, the Chinese people are focusing their energy on economic development, meanwhile endeavoring to strengthen democracy and legal system and carrying out political reform. In view of different historical and cultural backgrounds and different stages of development of different countries, we hold that all people have the right to choose the social systems and development paths suitable to the conditions of their own countries. No country should impose on others its own ideology and development pattern. In the field of human rights, we believe that in the spirit of

FBIS3-1916_1

Article Attacks Patten's Trip to Australia Being Extremely Dishonest for Criticizing Others Without Any Reason Throwing Dirty Words on Others Only To Betray His Own Ugliness

to refute others' views. In his speeches, he criticized Asian countries for not advocating democracy, and condemned this approach as "not only erroneous, but bearing the color of pride and racial discrimination." May we ask Mr. Patten: Which country in Asia does not openly favor developing democracy? Is it India, the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, China, Thailand, Japan, or Singapore? As a political system, the democratic system emerged in a certain historical period and developed along with the advance of society. Moreover, even in countries practicing a democratic system, it can be different in forms. Take the Western countries as an example. Up to now, the UK remains a constitutional monarchy, under which the royal family not only wields power in name, but in material life still enjoys considerable privileges and is still supported by the taxpayers. The United States, however, practices a presidential system. As far as the presidential system is concerned, the one in France is different from that in the United States, as there is a prime minister in the French cabinet, while there is no prime minister in the United States. With regard to the parliament, both the UK and the United States have two houses, but the U.S. Senate and the House of Representatives are different from the UK's upper and lower houses in the composition of members and possession of powers. The House of Lords in the UK, a so-called democratic state, practices an appointment system, and only those with titles of nobility can be appointed. Therefore, some Asian countries' leaders -- such as Mr. Lee Kuan Yew of Singapore and Mr. Mahathir of Malaysia -- all stressed the different conditions in different countries, and the necessity of practicing a democratic system that is suited to their own countries. What mistake have they made? There are a great variety of nationalities in the world, so differences in politics, economics, culture, languages, and lifestyles exist objectively among them. No one can deny this fact. What racial discrimination is there if various countries practice the political systems that are suitable to themselves in light of their actual national situations? What right has Patten to make such irresponsible remarks and unfounded charges concerning other countries? In his speeches in Australia, Patten once again played the part of a human rights guardian. By quoting the remarks of someone of his kind, Patten defended the Western countries' interference in the

FBIS3-1916_2

Article Attacks Patten's Trip to Australia Being Extremely Dishonest for Criticizing Others Without Any Reason Throwing Dirty Words on Others Only To Betray His Own Ugliness

the U.S. Senate and the House of Representatives are different from the UK's upper and lower houses in the composition of members and possession of powers. The House of Lords in the UK, a so-called democratic state, practices an appointment system, and only those with titles of nobility can be appointed. Therefore, some Asian countries' leaders -- such as Mr. Lee Kuan Yew of Singapore and Mr. Mahathir of Malaysia -- all stressed the different conditions in different countries, and the necessity of practicing a democratic system that is suited to their own countries. What mistake have they made? There are a great variety of nationalities in the world, so differences in politics, economics, culture, languages, and lifestyles exist objectively among them. No one can deny this fact. What racial discrimination is there if various countries practice the political systems that are suitable to themselves in light of their actual national situations? What right has Patten to make such irresponsible remarks and unfounded charges concerning other countries? In his speeches in Australia, Patten once again played the part of a human rights guardian. By quoting the remarks of someone of his kind, Patten defended the Western countries' interference in the internal affairs of other countries under the cover of human rights issues. He said that "he would recognize the sovereignty of every country," but "also would worry about whether or not the rights human beings should enjoy have been confirmed and respected." As the concept on human rights is one relating to historical development, there are varying concepts on human rights in different countries. With regard to the concept on human rights in which people in the West universally believe, it was founded in the "Manifesto of Human and Civil Rights" adopted by the French Constitutional Conference in 1789. The manifesto declares that all men are born equal in terms of rights, which include freedom, possession of personal property, security, freedom from oppression, and so on. So we would like to ask Mr. Patten: Has your homeland ever respected such rights in the past and does it do so at present? It is not necessary to mention ancient times. Since 1789, how many overseas colonies has Britain founded? What rights of freedom, security, and freedom from oppression could the people enjoy in these regions under the British colonial rule? What were the human rights given by your ancestors, who traded

FBIS3-1916_3

Article Attacks Patten's Trip to Australia Being Extremely Dishonest for Criticizing Others Without Any Reason Throwing Dirty Words on Others Only To Betray His Own Ugliness

internal affairs of other countries under the cover of human rights issues. He said that "he would recognize the sovereignty of every country," but "also would worry about whether or not the rights human beings should enjoy have been confirmed and respected." As the concept on human rights is one relating to historical development, there are varying concepts on human rights in different countries. With regard to the concept on human rights in which people in the West universally believe, it was founded in the "Manifesto of Human and Civil Rights" adopted by the French Constitutional Conference in 1789. The manifesto declares that all men are born equal in terms of rights, which include freedom, possession of personal property, security, freedom from oppression, and so on. So we would like to ask Mr. Patten: Has your homeland ever respected such rights in the past and does it do so at present? It is not necessary to mention ancient times. Since 1789, how many overseas colonies has Britain founded? What rights of freedom, security, and freedom from oppression could the people enjoy in these regions under the British colonial rule? What were the human rights given by your ancestors, who traded in slaves and opium? How many people did your ancestors kill in India in the surging national independent movements in the 20th century? How many Indians and Pakistanis were slaughtered when you practiced "divide and rule" in India and Pakistan? How many people have you killed in Cyprus? Will Mr. Patten please go to have a look at the bronze statue of the independent warrior in the Cypriot capital, Nicosia! He will complain to you about the price the Cypriots have had to pay in striving for independence, freedom, and human rights! Please go to visit their museum, built in memory of their national independence! There you can see the gallows used by the Britons to suppress the fighters who resisted colonial rule in the name of national independence. Please go to see Beijing's Yuanming Garden. It will condemn the plunder caused to the most magnificent garden in China!.... These are the human rights you have been talking about! If you still want to argue that those were done by your forefathers rather than by yourselves, then please see how your own country is now treating the people of Northern Ireland who call for the reunification of north and south.

FBIS3-1919_1

Says Efforts `Should Avert' U.S. Sanctions

Taiwan and the United States. Taiwan attached great importance to the negotiations as results of the meeting will help determine whether Taiwan will be removed from the "Special 301 Priority Watch List" and no longer be targeted by the United States for trade retaliation. The US will make a final decision on the issue in late April. The American Institute in Taiwan (AIT) said in a statement that the US side "will conduct a review as soon as possible to assess Taiwan's progress in providing adequate and effective protection of IPR." The statement noted that the US delegation "recognized the considerable accomplishments of the Executive and Legislative Yuans, especially in the passage of the very important cable TV law, approval and signing of the bilateral copyright agreement and the passage of the amendments to the patent and trademark laws." AIT represents American interests in Taiwan in the absence of diplomatic ties between the two countries. During the talks, both sides agreed to enter into a reciprocal patent protection agreement, which will ensure better protection for inventions by people of the two countries. The United States will be the first country to sign such a reciprocity accord with Taiwan, details of which will be worked out later in the year. In addition, Taiwan pledged to work for an integrated circuit display protection law and to make rules on industrial design part of the amended patent law by the end of July. Taiwan, however, has yet to decide whether to enact a law to protect business secrets. American delegates, who had expressed deep concern about the reduction of jail terms for violations of the trademark law from five to three years, reluctantly accepted the provision after Taiwan's explanations that the prison sentence will not be convertible to fines. The US side also accepted Taiwan's current ban on foreign investment in the domestic cable television business and the 20 percent ceiling on foreign stakes in cable TV programs, while Taiwan agreed to the US request that broadcast of foreign satellite programs without authorization would be considered an IPR violation. Taiwan's computer software export inspection system will remain in place after repeated US demands, although Taiwan hopes to end the inspection soon because of its expense and inconvenience. Meanwhile, US negotiators said they were satisfied with Taiwan's protective measures for patented pharmaceuticals and copyrights, saying Taiwan has done a good job in this regard.

FBIS3-1933_0

Li Peng Sends Message to Population, Development Meeting

Language: English Article Type:BFN [Text] Beijing, March 3 (XINHUA) -- The 10th Asian Parliamentarians' Meeting on Population and Development (APPD), whose purpose is to strengthen and promote cooperation among parliamentarians of some Asian countries, opened here today. A message of congratulation from Chinese Premier Li Peng was read out at the opening ceremony. Noting that Asia is the most populous region and also widely held to be the region with the most dynamic economic growth, Li said "To study and address the population problem of Asia will contribute significantly not only to Asia's prosperity and stability, but also to global peace and development." The question of population is, in essence, a question of development, Li said. Only when the interaction between socio- economic development and population control is given thorough and balanced consideration can the problem of population be tackled at its root. Li said that given the fact that countries vary considerably in their national conditions such as the level of economic development, natural resources, traditions, culture and religious practice, it is necessary for each country to formulate effective population and development policies in the light of its economic and social development and its other specific conditions and to strengthen international cooperation on this basis. He said that women are an important force for promoting human progress and social development. An enhanced role and improved status of women will surely facilitate a rational resolution to the population problem. Li noted that the Chinese Government has always attached great importance to the question of population and development and made family planning a basic state policy. While vigorously promoting socio-economic development, he said, China has implemented family planning to bring congruity between population growth and socio-economic development so as to ensure prosperity for the country and a better life for its people. Li said that China is ready to continuously strengthen its exchanges and cooperation with other countries and international organizations and work unremittingly for the stabilization of population and for prosperity and peace in Asia and the world. Among those present were Zhao Dongwan, leader of the delegation of China's National People's Congress (NPC) and chairman of the NPC Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee; Fukusaburo Maeda, chairman of the Asian Population and Development Association; Shin Sakurai and Prasop Ratanakorn, chairman and secretary general of the AFPPD respectively; Hirofumi Ando, deputy executive director of the U.N. Population Fund (UNFPA)

FBIS3-1941_0

Videotape of Dissidents Celebrating New Year Shown

Language: English Article Type:BFN [By Amy Liu] [Text] China has shown a videotape of four prominent dissidents celebrating the Lunar New Year in an apparent move to refute Western speculation of their poor health and having been abused. Meanwhile, police in central Xian city released another dissident four days ago. The release coincided with the arrival of United States Assistant Secretary for Human Rights John Shattuck in Beijing. Mr Shattuck was expected to remind leaders that China is in danger of losing its most-favoured-nation trading status this year because it has so far failed to show a significant improvement in its human rights practices, as called for by U.S. President Bill Clinton. The prisoners shown on the videotape were all imprisoned for their role in the 1989 Tiananmen Square democracy movement and have been top of case lists for various human rights groups. The screening was arranged by the State Council, China's cabinet, for five American reporters. The tape showed Chen Ziming and Ren Wanding celebrating Lunar New Year in prison last month with their families. It also showed Wang Juntao in his hospital room with his family, and Liu Gang celebrating his birthday with cellmates. In the past two years, China has periodically released footage or photographs of these and other well-known dissidents in an effort to refute reports that they are in poor health or have been abused. Family members have said the videotapes were staged and did not show how the prisoners were usually treated. The tape was less than 10 minutes long and showed the dates the segments were shot on the screen. The dialogue was unintelligible. Mr Chen was shown at a large round table laden with food. Mr Chen's family says he is suffering from a skin ailment and stomach problems, and has not been allowed to bathe in a year. Mr Wang's family says he is suffering from chronic hepatitis B and coronary disease. In the videotape, he was shown sitting on his hospital bed in a private room eating a tangerine and chatting with his family. Both are serving 13-year jail terms. Mr Ren, a veteran political activist serving a seven-year jail term, was shown with his wife and daughter in a small prison room with a bed and a table. They ate a simple meal that included dumplings, a traditional New Year dish. Mr Ren's wife says he is not receiving

FBIS3-1942_1

Daily Views Detention of Hong Kong Christians

80 people for overnight gatherings inside and outside a citizen's house in Fangcheng County, Henan Province. They preached the Bible among the local people, taught them to sing religious songs, prayed, and disseminated religious material they had illegally carried into the mainland. They yelled recklessly, made audio and video recordings, and took pictures, seriously disturbing the people in the surrounding areas and undermining social order. They conducted activities incompatible with their status, thus violating the relevant mainland law. The Henan Provincial Public Security Department summoned the seven people for investigation, during which no compulsory measures were taken against them, nor was any of them beaten up. The Public Security Department confiscated the things (including religious material totaling 40 kg) five of them used for illegal activities; Balcombe's stay in China was shortened and the other six were given a warning. Balcombe et al. admitted that they had violated Chinese law, and promised not to engage in such activities any longer. This incident was purely a political incident deliberately created by some people by means of religion. After their arrival in Henan, Balcombe et al. videotaped the scenes of people participating in religious activities and arranged someone to carry the tapes back to Hong Kong before they left Henan. Subsequently they intentionally waited for public security personnel to appear for intervention. After their return to Hong Kong, they provided the videotapes for television stations on the one hand and held a press conference on the other to distort the facts. Their purpose was, first, to use religion for political activities to expand their influence. Honest Christians in Hong Kong call this "bringing disgrace on religion." Second, they wanted to collaborate with foreign human rights organizations, use religious issues to create incidents, and link religious issues to the human rights issue and the most favored nation status to exert pressure on China. The U.S. Department of State immediately commented on this. What a fast response. What does this indicate!? Most Christians in Hong Kong were indignant about their behavior. They said that the illegal behavior of Balcombe et al. has undermined normal and friendly exchanges between Hong Kong and mainland Christians; more seriously, Balcombe et al. have used this incident to attack China; this is utterly wrong. Honest Christians should not make friends with "brothers" like Balcombe. It was right for the Chinese public security department to detain Balcombe and the others.

FBIS3-1943_2

Beijing Said To Earmark Funds, Deploy Police To Keep Order

said the managers of 88 large-scale state enterprises recently petitioned the State Council for special relief funds so that they could pay their workers up to 75 percent of regular wages. The sources said that instead of paying salaries, many state factories had from last year issued workers goods from storehouses, which employees sold on the streets. Such practices sparked many demonstrations, even in relatively prosperous Tianjin and Shanghai. Human resources experts have admitted that the labour problem has been compounded by inflation, which is approaching 25 per cent in urban areas. An internal report last month said the livelihood of more than 20 percent of employees in urban state firms had been "significantly affected" by hyperinflation. Analysts said the spectre of strikes, demonstrations and urban unrest had already forced the leadership to scale down plans to modernise state businesses by transforming them into Western-style shareholding or stock companies. Internal estimates said at least 30 percent of the state sector's 100 million-strong workforce was superfluous. Laying the workers off was the only way to improve efficiency. Meanwhile, security sources said Beijing's police, paramilitary police, and state-security agents had been instructed to keep a close watch on "trouble-makers" in factories. Those to be watched included underground trade-unionists and labour organisers who in several instances had established contact with dissident intellectuals and those involved in the 1989 pro- democracy movement. The sources said for the first time since the Tiananmen Square crackdown, security agents were closely watching workers during the politically sensitive period that runs from the beginning of the National People's Congress to the anniversary of the June 4 crackdown. Sources said the frequency with which various police and paramilitary units had been mobilised to handle industrial unrest had increased in 1993. Tianjin sources said two PAP platoons were deployed last month to help defuse a strike that involved 4,000 workers. Last December, the Ministry of Public Security set up China's first patrol police force. A dispatch by the semiofficial China News Service said last night that 88 cities had set up patrol police squadrons. Patrol police numbers had reached more than 15,000 officers. While the aim of the new police unit was to fight crime, analysts said it would also be used to handle urban crises including industrial action. An official report last month said there were 250,000 labour disputes, including strikes, from 1988 to the end of last year.

FBIS3-1945_14

Survey Shows Abuses in Foreign Firms, Part 1

which a human was kept in a cage together with dogs, happened in a Taiwan-funded enterprise in Fuzhou, China, today in the 1990's. On the evening of 7 November 1993, Yu, a woman worker from Jiangxi Province, were caught when she tried to take away two pairs of shoes from Yongqi Company. Managerial personnel from Taiwan, Chang, Chen, and several other men immediately tied the woman worker up. They beat her up and then hung the shoes around her neck in front of other workers. As the woman worker tried to struggle away, Chang and Chen locked her up in a dog cage. Two big dogs barked at the worker fiercely. She was frightened and trembling, calling loudly for help. Having kept her in the cage for more than two hours, Chang and his assistants took the worker to another dog cage. The company owner Chen spoke to more than 600 woman workers the next day: "I have treated you as humans in the past but now I am going to treat you as dogs." This company owner was really swollen with arrogance and his remark was disgusting! He himself is a Chinese but he is without the least national sentiment! It is noteworthy that cases like this in which laborers' personalities are insulted and their dignity is trampled on are not unusual in some foreign-funded enterprises. An enterprise wholly owned by a ROK firm has assigned a "foreman" to every workshop. These foremen walk around the workshops holding a big stick in their hands. When they find any worker being slow at work, they will beat him or her with the stick. One day, a foreign "foreman" found several woman workers slow at work, he ordered them to prostrate themselves in a line with their hands on their heads. As the woman workers refused to follow his order, he kicked their legs to force them to prostrate themselves. A male worker at Fenghan Company in Tianjin once accidentally hit a foreign managerial officer when unloading a truck. The latter, without looking into the cause of the accident, immediately climbed up into the container and kicked the worker out of it, thus injuring him. Workers at a certain chemical fiber company in Qingdao City are ordered to run round the plant or to stand facing a wall as a penalty for coming to work late. Foremen at a shoe factory

FBIS3-1945_20

Survey Shows Abuses in Foreign Firms, Part 1

cutting happened later. A Taiwan-funded enterprise in Xiamen City has experienced 43 cases of severed arms and fingers and other injuries, in which the worker victims lost a total of 38 fingers! A survey conducted among five township and town clinics in Baoan District, Shenzhen City, shows that they received a total of 11,679 in-patients during the survey period, 1,033 of them or 8.84 percent were workers from foreign-funded enterprises who had been injured in industrial accidents. Workers in foreign-funded enterprises are facing another more dangerous threat--occupational nuisances. Exporting pollution to underdeveloped areas is a usual practice by some investors from developed areas. An international environmental protection expert has pointed out: The present trend is that overseas business interests are exporting some "sunset industries" to China in a planned way. In 1993, Zhuhai City Public Health Department conducted a sample survey in seven Taiwan-funded enterprises. The findings indicated that the percentages of benzene, toluene, and xylenol in the air were all eight to 10 times higher than the respective international standards, the problem being particularly serious in such industries as toy making, plastics, shoemaking, fabric printing and dyeing, and chemicals. Incidents of poisoning had taken place in three foreign-funded toy manufacturing plants, causing 81 casualties of whom four died and eight were irremediably handicapped. A poisoning case which took place in a garment factory in Dalian City causing 42 casualties was due to the poisonous gas released by the fabric supplied by an overseas customer for processing. In Qinhuangdao City, 12 workers in a Sino-foreign joint venture were poisoned the first day the plant started operations. As revealed by the findings from a monitoring operation conducted by the Dalian City Occupational Disease Research Institute at the workshops of 34 currently operating foreign-funded enterprises generating occupational nuisances, only six enterprises met the public health standards. Shenzhen City has conducted an air pollution survey in 547 enterprises wholly or partly run by foreign interests, and it found that only 29.6 percent of the imported equipment installed at these enterprises have antipollution devices and only 26 percent of the machines in these enterprises have gone through pollution tests before being put into operation. Occupational diseases have already impaired the health of the staff and workers of some foreign-funded enterprises. In Shenzhen, a health examination focusing on occupational diseases conducted among 1,100 staff and workers in two shoe factories with serious occupational nuisance problems

FBIS3-1948_1

`Specialist' Views Development of Nuclear Power Industry

and views regarding the installed capacity of Guangdong's third nuclear power plant (that is, the Yangjiang Nuclear Power Plant). Some specialists want to install four 900,000 kw generating units, while others think that it is advisable to first install four 600,000 kw generating units. The specific plan for the Yangjiang Nuclear Power Plant has not yet been determined. He also said that the second phase of the construction of China's Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant includes the construction of two 600,000 kw generating units. Most of the equipment will be made in China, but some of it may be imported. Since it officially started generating electricity and sending electricity to the power grids many years ago, the 300,000 kw generating unit of the first phase construction of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant has been operating smoothly. The entire plant was designed by Chinese specialists. He continued to say that, at present, the electricity supplied by thermal power plants accounts for more than 80 percent of the total amount of electricity generated. Hydropower ranks second. The amount of electricity supplied by nuclear power plants accounts for only a very small portion. If the two 900,000 kw generating units of the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant -- which will begin operating in June -- are included, China's total installed capacity of nuclear power plants is only 2.1 million kw. Most of China's coal mines are distributed in areas north of the Huang He, and hydropower resources in the southwest and northwest. The eastern coastal areas, which account for more than two-thirds of the output value of China's national economy, have been suffering electricity shortages for quite some time. Transporting coal from the north to the south and transmitting electricity (hydropower) from the west to the east can only solve part of the problem. Therefore, the development of nuclear power is the best option; it is the most economical and causes less pollution. An official from the State Nuclear Accident Emergency Office told MING PAO that stringent checks are carried out in the selection of the plant site and on the design when building a nuclear plant. He said that, since the first phase of the project of the Daya Bay Nuclear Plant was put into operation, the Hong Kong Royal Observatory and China's astronomical departments have not observed anything abnormal in their tests. He said that, as compared with the successful experience of

FBIS3-1948_2

`Specialist' Views Development of Nuclear Power Industry

think that it is advisable to first install four 600,000 kw generating units. The specific plan for the Yangjiang Nuclear Power Plant has not yet been determined. He also said that the second phase of the construction of China's Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant includes the construction of two 600,000 kw generating units. Most of the equipment will be made in China, but some of it may be imported. Since it officially started generating electricity and sending electricity to the power grids many years ago, the 300,000 kw generating unit of the first phase construction of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant has been operating smoothly. The entire plant was designed by Chinese specialists. He continued to say that, at present, the electricity supplied by thermal power plants accounts for more than 80 percent of the total amount of electricity generated. Hydropower ranks second. The amount of electricity supplied by nuclear power plants accounts for only a very small portion. If the two 900,000 kw generating units of the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant -- which will begin operating in June -- are included, China's total installed capacity of nuclear power plants is only 2.1 million kw. Most of China's coal mines are distributed in areas north of the Huang He, and hydropower resources in the southwest and northwest. The eastern coastal areas, which account for more than two-thirds of the output value of China's national economy, have been suffering electricity shortages for quite some time. Transporting coal from the north to the south and transmitting electricity (hydropower) from the west to the east can only solve part of the problem. Therefore, the development of nuclear power is the best option; it is the most economical and causes less pollution. An official from the State Nuclear Accident Emergency Office told MING PAO that stringent checks are carried out in the selection of the plant site and on the design when building a nuclear plant. He said that, since the first phase of the project of the Daya Bay Nuclear Plant was put into operation, the Hong Kong Royal Observatory and China's astronomical departments have not observed anything abnormal in their tests. He said that, as compared with the successful experience of the west, China is at present one of several countries which have mastered nuclear technology. China has many talented people and it is only natural for it to develop nuclear power.

FBIS3-1950_6

Ministry Promulgates Satellite Receiver Installation Rules

Transmitting the received foreign television programs through units' cable (closed-circuit) television systems is prohibited. It is prohibited to show or transmit by other methods foreign television programs at railway stations, wharfs, airports, commercial shops, movie theaters, television theaters, singing halls, ballrooms, and other public places. Television stations, television relay stations, television noninstant-relay stations, cable television stations, and community antenna systems are prohibited from transmitting foreign television programs. Publicity and advertisement concerning satellite ground receiving equipment shall not violate the relevant regulations stipulated in the "management provisions" and the "rules for the implementation." As for the production, sale, and import of satellite ground receiving equipment, the "rules for the implementation" determine the management principle of fixed-point production and fixed-point sale. Satellite ground receiving equipment shall be manufactured by enterprises appointed by the Ministry of Electronics Industry. The measures for examining, approving, and managing fixed-point production enterprises shall be formulated by the Ministry of Electronics Industry after consultations with the relevant departments. Satellite ground receiving installations will be sold at fixed locations. The industrial and commercial administrative departments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities under the central government shall be responsible for drawing up measures, in coordination with domestic trade, radio and television, and electronic enterprise administrative departments, for the examination, approval, and management of marketing units at fixed locations. Marketing units at fixed locations shall only sell satellite ground receiving installations, whose quality has been certified, to units or individuals in possession of certificates issued by the radio and television administrative departments at and above the prefectural and city level. Certificates and symbols of authentication verifying the quality of satellite ground receiving installations shall be issued after their quality is verified by the State Technology Supervision Bureau or by an agency recognized by an authorized department of the bureau, in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations on quality authentication. The marketing and use of installations whose quality has not been verified are prohibited. Importers of satellite ground receiving installations are required to have certificates issued by the Ministry of Radio, Film, and Television; importers of parts and accessories for satellite ground receiving installations are required to have certificates issued by the Ministry of the Electronics Industry. Examination and approval procedures shall be carried out by the State Machinery and Electronic Products Export-Import Office; the customs office shall release the products after examining the approval documents. Individuals are not permitted to

FBIS3-1979_1

Qinghai Plans To Improve Minorities' Educations

to promote education among the people of minority nationalities. With 42 percent of its population being of the Tibetan, Hui, Tu, Salar and Mongolian nationalities, Qinghai has made much headway in education. The province now has 1,598 schools for people of minority nationalities with a total enrollment of 250,000. The enrollment of school-age children in the province has reached 85 percent, meeting the target set by the state Eighth Five-Year Plan (1991-95). However, the pace of educational development still cannot meet the needs of local economic and social development, especially compared with the country's developed areas. The provincial government has worked out an educational development program to boost education of people of minority nationalities. The program includes concrete measures and policies mainly for solving existing problems such as low popularization rate of primary education, slow progress of technical training, illiteracy among peasants and nomadic herdsmen, poor school facilities and the lack of teachers. Governments at several levels will make joint efforts to place priority on building six key senior middle schools, 30 key junior middle schools and 191 key primary schools in the province's six minority nationality autonomous prefectures. Preferential treatment in funds, facilities and training teachers will be granted to the six prefectures. Universities and teacher's schools in the province are urged to help the six minority nationality autonomous prefectures train more teachers. Local governments should work out preferential policies to raise teachers' salaries and improve their living and working condition. Those teachers working in remote areas for over 15 years will have more favorable treatment in work, and their children will be able to take part in university enrollment examinations. The provincial government has decided to allocate 6 million yuan for ethnic education each year and provide free textbooks in minority nationality languages. A fund for development of ethnic education in Qinghai will be established to attract both domestic and overseas funds. Special concern will be given to education of girls of minority nationalities, especially students in girls' schools for Hui and Salar nationalities, most of whom are Muslims. School fees can be waived for girl students whose families have financial difficulties. Morning and evening classes will be given to the girls. Preferential policies will be given to minority nationality students to enter institutions of higher learning, in particular to enter teacher's universities. Legal and other documents will be published to ensure smooth progress of minority nationality education.

FBIS3-1991_32

Article Views Reform Tasks for 1994 I. With the Transformation of the Enterprise Operational Mechanism as the Focal Point, Exploring Effective Avenues for Establishing a Modern Enterprise System II. With Reform of the Revenue, Financial and Investment Structures as the Focal Points, Accelerating the Building of Macroeconomic Regulation and Control Systems, and Changing the Role of the Government in Managing the Economy III. With the Fostering of Production Factor Markets as the Focal Point, Continuing To Promote Price Reform and the Fostering of a Unified, Open Market System IV. Accelerating the Pace of Reforms of the Social Welfare System and the Housing System V. Earnestly Grasping Well the Various Reforms in Other Spheres VI. Solidly Carrying Forward the Various Elements of Advance Experimental-Point Work For the Establishment of a New Structure

staff and workers will, at set intervals, pay in a certain amount of their wages to supplement the individual medical and health accounts, and these will be used for general medical and health expenditure. The reform of the medical and health system will be quite complex, and quite difficult. All areas must actively develop forecasting and formulate specific plans. We will, together with relevant departments, select several cities as trial points in which to carry out experimental reforms. Unemployment insurance will mainly involve putting into effect the State Council's whole-people ownership staff and workers unemployment insurance implementation measures, expanding the scope of unemployment insurance, and reforming the methods of calculation and issue of unemployment insurance. We must establish a unified unemployment insurance system which covers the staff and workers in state-owned, collective and private ownership enterprises and the Chinese side of joint ventures. Industrial injury insurance for enterprises will, on the basis of trials at experimental points, be gradually expanded in coverage and the management modes will be reformed. Of course, our country is huge in territory, and the economic development of various regions is very unbalanced. Thus, the various types of insurance noted above, and especially urban old-age pensions, cannot be implemented to the same degree across the country. Thus, the various areas should be allowed, under the guidance of unified national policies and principles, to have different forms, ranges and degrees of pensions. As to the reform of the housing system, at the Third National Housing Reform Work Conference held from 30 November to 3 December last year, the State Council put forward the principles and orientation of reform and set down specific deployments for housing reform work this year. All areas must seriously and fully implement the measures in accordance with the spirit of the conference. V. Earnestly Grasping Well the Various Reforms in Other Spheres 1. Continuing to deepen reform in the rural areas The responsibility system which has the household output-linked contracts as its main part, and the dual-level operational structure which combines centralization and decentralization, are basic systems in our country's rural economy. They must be stably maintained for a long period and be continually improved. In order to stabilize the land contract relationships so as to encourage peasants to increase their investment and raise land-use efficiency, it is necessary to extend the contract periods for cultivated land. Under the precondition of upholding the

FBIS3-2004_0

Nonferrous Metals Industry Makes `Brilliant Achievements'

Language: Chinese Article Type:BFN [By reporter Sun Jie (1327 2638) ] [Text] Beijing, 26 Feb (XINHUA)--Our country's nonferrous metals industry scored brilliant achievements last year: The output of 10 common nonferrous metals reached 3.268 million metric tons, thus surpassing the output target of nonferrous metals industry on the "third high plane" two years in advance. In our country, experts from the nonferrous metals industry are used to setting every million metric ton of annual output of nonferrous metals as an output target. Last year, the annual output of our country's nonferrous metals industry exceeded 3 million metric tons, which implies that China's nonferrous metals industry has advanced its production forces and technical standards to another new level. Nonferrous metals, which have a wide application, are important resources for economic construction. As far as the electric industry is concerned, 800 metric tons of copper-aluminum are needed to generate every 10,000 kw of power; whereas 90 percent of structural materials of aircraft are aluminum-magnesium alloy. For quite a long period after the founding of new China, our country's nonferrous metals were treated as important strategic resources and the nonferrous metals industry was treated as a classified industry. At that time, information on the production and consumption of nonferrous metals was considered a secret, and the nonferrous metals industry developed slowly. In 1978, the output of our country's nonferrous metals was 996,000 metric tons, which had trouble meeting the needs of state construction. The nonferrous metals industry became a "bottleneck" industry which hindered the development of our national economy and society. Our country's nonferrous metals industry has achieved unprecedented large-scale development since China's National Nonferrous Metals Industry Corporation was founded in 1983. Over the past 11 years, our country's nonferrous metals industry achieved 2 million metric tons of net output increase and also doubled or redoubled taxes, fixed assets, and profits retained by enterprises. The brilliant achievements can be attributed to reform and opening up. It was precisely during the 15 years of reform and opening up that our country's nonferrous metals industry achieved rapid development. Up to 1988, the output of nonferrous metals surpassed the "second high plane" of 2 million metric tons, and, during this period, the output showed an annual average increase of 7.5 percent. On the other hand, only five years were spent moving from the "second high plane" to the "third high plane" of 3 million metric tons

FBIS3-2020_0

Li Peng Urges Regional Cooperation in Family Planning

Language: English Article Type:BFN [By staff reporter Ma Chenguang: "Asian Family Planning Urged--Conference Pushes More Regional Cooperation"] [Text] Premier Li Peng yesterday called for greater regional cooperation to stem the population tide sweeping across Asia -- home to 60 percent of the world's populace. He pledged that China will continue its efforts at population control by sticking to its family planing policy; those efforts help develop the economy and improve people's daily lives. And other Asian nations should formulate their own strategies. But their plans need to be developed according to individual characteristics, he said in a written statement to an Asian Pacific population seminar. The question of population is a question of development in essence, the Premier added, and can only be tackled at its root according to each country's natural conditions, tradition and economic level. The 10th Asian Parliamentarians Meeting on Population and Development is seeking solutions to Asian population problems. More than 50 parliamentarians and scholars from 17 nations were drawn to the two-day seminar, organized by the Asian Population and Development Association (APDA) based in Japan and the Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee (ESCPH) of the National People's Congress of China. At the opening of the meeting, APDA Chairman Fukusaburo Maeda said controlling Asia's population is a decisive global issue. Its populace is expected to top 3.34 billion people this year. It has six of the 10 most populated countries in the world: China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Japan and Bangladesh. Maeda praised China's efforts to contain its birth rate, an "unmatched success in population policy while proceeding with rapid economic growth." The population by the end of last year was 1.18 billion, according to the newly published statistics. The birth rate fell from 33.43 per thousand in 1970 -- before family planning -- to 18.09 in 1993. And natural population growth has continued its fall, from 14.55 per thousand in 1981 down to last years 11.45. Without the policy 15 million more babies would have been born over the past five years. Maeda said quick solutions to overpopulation in Asia would help ensure domestic stability. Analysts recommended controlling the birth rate eradicating poverty, creating sufficient food and job opportunities, improving education standards, literacy rates and living conditions. Chinese ESCPH Chairman Zhao Dongwan said that the nation's ultimate goal is to educate and explain to the people why family planning is so important. That way,

FBIS3-2029_0

Pro-Beijing Column Views Christopher Visit

Language: Chinese Article Type:BFN ["Political Talk" column by Shih Chun-yu (2457 0689 3768): "Crucial Talks Between Chinese Foreign Minister and U.S. Secretary of State in Middle of This Month"] [Text]Sino-U.S Relations Enter a New Stage The Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced yesterday that U.S. Secretary of State Warren Christopher would visit China from 11 to 14 March at the invitation of Foreign Minister Qian Qichen. It is believed that this meeting of the foreign ministers of China and the United States will produce results in improving bilateral relations and alleviating some contradictions between the two countries. In Washington, talking about his visit to Asia, U.S. Secretary of State Christopher said that in September last year, President Bill Clinton had instructed him to develop relations with China in a broader way. In November, while attending the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, the Chinese President Jiang Zemin met with Clinton in Seattle. Since then "Sino-U.S. relations have entered a new stage." These remarks indicate that the United States is paying great attention to Secretary of State Christopher's visit to China. Since the summer of 1989, relations between China and the United States have been at a low ebb. It was not until November last year, when the top leaders of the two countries met after an absence of nearly five years, that relations between the two countries began to develop toward a new direction. Although there are still contradictions between China and the United States, such as the U.S. deficit in bilateral trade, China's human rights situation, and disputes over intellectual property rights, as noted by the United States, with the exception of the human rights issue, on which China maintains its own position and all the more opposes U.S. linkage of human rights with granting most-favored-nation [MFN] trading status to China, the other two problems are easy to solve, and, moreover, are being resolved. Both Sides at Odds With Each Other on Human Rights Issue As such, the crux of the failure of Sino-U.S. relations to further improve lies in the human rights issue. When leaving Beijing for home on 2 March, Assistant Secretary of State John Shattuck, who had finished a two-day visit to China, said that China had made some progress in improving its human rights. However, further progress on human rights was needed if it wanted Clinton to extend its MFN status in June. Obviously, this means continuing

FBIS3-2029_2

Pro-Beijing Column Views Christopher Visit

to extend its MFN status in June. Obviously, this means continuing to bring pressure to bear on China. On this issue, a Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesman reiterated China's position yesterday: Opposing U.S. linkage of the human rights issue with MFN status. However, the purpose of Shattuck's visit to Beijing was to make arrangements for Christopher's visit to China. At meetings with many top-level Chinese officials, including Vice Foreign Minister Liu Huaqiu, Shattuck stressed that the Clinton administration hoped to strengthen Sino-U.S. relations. However, on the MFN renewal issue, China must make improvements. He clearly remarked: "This is the bottom line for the U.S. Government." It can thus be seen that whether or not this deadlock can be broken or what form it assumes depends on the current Beijing talks between the foreign ministers of the two countries. Seeking a Point of Compromise in the Deadlock On the one hand, under pressure from Congress, the Clinton administration has strongly demanded China to respond on the human rights issue so that he can justify himself on the issue, and, on the other hand, he also faces strong pressure from American manufacturing, business, and economic circles, which oppose the use of political means to compel China to submit. If China and the United States fall out with each other, Chinese retaliation against the United States will also be detrimental to its economy. It must be pointed out that the U.S. economy has entered a new stage of stable growth from recovery. U.S. economic strategy puts stress on Asia. The vast market of China is precisely what the United States desires most. It is obvious that since the Sino-U.S. summit in November last year, Clinton has decided to develop economic relations with China and Southeast Asia. In terms of the international political situation, for the United States and China to maintain friendly relations will benefit the economic and political stability of the two countries, Asia, and the world at large. In fact, China has been continuously improving its human rights. This has been acknowledged by many officials from the United States and Europe who have visited China. It must be said that it would be conducive to both sides and feasible for the foreign ministers of the two countries to seek a long-term solution to the MFN issue in one move by proceeding on the basis of their long-term and immediate interests.

FBIS3-2042_0

Leading Dissident Wei Jingsheng Held by Beijing Police

Language: English Article Type:BFN [Text] Beijing, March 4 (AFP)--China's most celebrated dissident Wei Jingsheng was taken from his elder brother's house by Beijing police Friday morning, his secretary Tong Yi said by phone. He was taken away at 10 a.m. (0200 GMT) by three police officers, Tong said, adding that Wei had telephoned later in the afternoon to tell her to cancel all his appointments for the next two days. According to Tong, Wei gave no indication as to why he had been picked up or when he would be released. During a meeting in Beijing with U.S. Undersecretary of State John Shattuck last Sunday, Wei had called on the U.S. Government to take a tough stand with China over human rights. Wei, 43, was released from prison on September 14, six months before the end of a 15-year sentence handed down in 1978 for counter-revolutionary activities. Wei played a leading role in the 1978 Democracy Wall movement when he called for full democracy in China and denounced senior leader Deng Xiaoping as a despot.

FBIS3-2043_0

Dissident Zhou Guoqiang `Being Interrogated'

Language: Chinese Article Type:BFN [Text] Beijing, 3 Mar (ZHONGGUO TONGXUN SHE)--This reporter has learned from the relevant department in Beijing that Zhou Guoqiang [0719 0948 1730], who has colluded with hostile forces outside the border in carrying out lawbreaking activities such as opposing the government, instigating others to cause trouble, and disrupting social order, is today being interrogated by the public security organ which is acting according to law. According to the relevant department, Zhou Guoqiang, 39, is a legal consultant with the Beijing Audio-Visual Equipment Company. He actively participated in the riots which were aimed at overthrowing the government in Beijing in 1989, and he was a member of the illegal "Autonomous Federation of Workers" organization. From June to September 1989 he was detained and interrogated, then released after writing a letter of repentance. But in recent years Zhou Guoqiang has continued to collude with hostile organizations and elements inside and outside the border to carry out activities against the government. In October 1993 Zhou held a meeting of members of illegal organizations and compiled articles instigating activities against the government; he then unlawfully held a reception for foreign reporters, to distribute those articles; and he also used a fax machine, which was illegally installed without applying for approval from the posts and telecommunications department, to send the articles to Hong Kong, in order to create some influence outside the border. This year, Zhou Guoqiang has actively planned to print a large number of "culture shirts [wen hua shan 2429 0553 5904]," which are aimed at causing discontent; he has also planned to distribute these "culture shirts" on 8 and 10 March when the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the National People's Congress are under way, claiming that he wanted to "create as much influence as possible." He has also planned to sell these "culture shirts" in society on an extensive scale, to stir up discontent among the masses and disrupt social order.

FBIS3-2044_1

Police Detain Lawyer, Others in Beijing, Shanghai

on China to improve its human rights record in order to secure an extension of its trade privileges. Mr. Zhou is a close friend of Mr. Han, who was leader of the outlawed Beijing Workers' Autonomous Federation, formed at the height of the 1989 pro-democracy demonstrations. Mr. Han, who was prevented from entering China from Hong Kong after his expulsion late last year, claimed last night a large-scale crackdown against dissidents was underway. "Although this is not the first time they have taken Zhou away for questioning...they may have decided to put him behind bars for some time." The unionist said the detention would cause a very bad impact on China's chance of renewing its Most Favoured Nation (MFN) trading status this year. "I am afraid the Chinese authorities do not really seem to care about the MFN now. It looks like they are rounding up people now so that they can release some when the time comes," he said. The HKCNA report said Mr. Zhou had been involved in "collaboration with hostile forces outside the country" and unlawful anti-government activities incitement and disruption of social order. Mr. Zhou is now the legal adviser at a audio-visual appliances company in Beijing. A member of the federation in 1989, he was detained from June to September that year. He was later freed after showing an attitude of repentance, the report said. But "relevant departments" told the news agency that Mr. Zhou had continued to forge ties with unnamed foreign hostile forces to engage in anti- government activities. It claimed that the dissident convened an unlawful meeting last October to compile an "anti-government article" and then held a press conference for foreign journalists. He was also accused of using an unregistered facsimile machine to send the article to Hong Kong, "creating a bad influence outside China", the HKCNA said. Mr. Zhou joined a group of lesser-known dissidents in publishing a Peace Charter last October, calling for an improvement in human rights and the replacement of one-party rule with a multi-party system. At least three of the nine signatories of the charter have been detained for questioning by police. Only Qin Yongmin remains behind bars. He was sentenced to two years in a reform-through-education camp outside Wuhan earlier this year. According to the HKCNA, Mr. Zhou had organised the production of a large number of "culture T-shirts" emblazoned with slogans. He had planned

FBIS3-2045_0

Further on Dissident Arrests in Beijing

Language: English Article Type:BFN [By Amy Liu and Angel Lau] [Excerpt] Four prominent dissidents have been detained in Beijing in advance of next week's convening of the national legislature. Two dissidents, Zhou Guoqiang, an outspoken member of the political reformist Peace Charter group, and Yuan Gongbing, an editor of a banned book, were arrested in the past two days for alleged illegal activities. The arrests come at a time when a U.S. official in Beijing has claimed Chinese leaders may be considering again whether to abolish a law by which thousands of people have been made political prisoners. Dissident sources said police also picked up Qian Yumin, a fellow member of the Peace Charter group, early Wednesday morning and activist lawyer Wang Jiaqi. The detention of Mr. Zhou was confirmed last night by the semi-official Hong Kong China News Agency, which said he was being investigated for his contacts with hostile overseas forces and anti- government activities. Mr. Yuan, a Beijing University law lecturer, was arrested on Wednesday at his home in the city by police after a recent petition to the law committee under the standing committee of the National People's Congress (NPC). He was alleged to have committed criminal offences, a Chinese source told THE HONGKONG STANDARD. Analysts believe the detentions are related to the opening of the legislature, which in the past has been marked by a tightening of security. The news agency said Mr. Zhou had planned to distribute "cultural T-shirts" with slogans airing grievances at next Thursday's opening of congress. In 1992, Mr. Yuan sued the government for banning his book, The Tide of History. The court refused to accept the case. The arrests coincided with the current visit by United States Assistant Secretary for Human Rights John Shattuck to Beijing. [passage omitted cites THE NEW YORK TIMES]

FBIS3-2047_14

Hong Kong Journal Previews NPC Session

value for future economic development. The total deposits of iron, petroleum, and natural gas, and three of the 110 kinds of minerals discovered so far, respectively account for 44 percent, 37 percent, or 24 percent of the country's totals; while deposits of gold and diamonds amount respectively to 20 percent and 97 percent of the country's totals. Here there is a first-rate air, sea, and land transport network, and here is the golden zone connecting East and North Asia, not to mention the 4.2 million or so scientists and technologists, who make the region a place with the highest concentration of scientific and technological talents in the country. The Bohai Bay rim zone is estimated to become the "spearhead" for economic development in China's northern region. The 3-gorges hydropower nexus project--reputed to be a first- class world engineering feat--is now in the early-phase work preparatory stage. Development, resettlement, investment, works, and management offices have moved onto the site, and the official inauguration of construction is not far away. Li Peng stressed that it is a world first-class project and must have first-class work quality and modern management. Legislature No Longer a Rubber-stamp As a range of significant reformist programs are going to be unveiled this year, corresponding legislative work has also picked up speed; especially reformist legislation revolving around the construction of a modern corporate system, finance, taxation, banking, foreign trade, and the planned investment system; and establishing a market circulation and social security system--all these will be submitted to the National People's Congress [NPC] and its standing committees for deliberation. This will correct the phenomenon where legislation work falls behind. Why Was the Meeting Advanced There have been reports that the bills the current NPC will deliberate on include "a state budget law," "protection for Taiwan businessmen's investment," and so on. A casual perusal will tell us that the Eighth NPC session had been advanced more than once from the date when it was usually convened in the past--it has been moved from the second to the first half of March. It is understood that the reason behind this was that the NPC session last year did not end until the middle and second half of April, and almost six months had passed before delegates returned to their provinces, cities, and counties. From this we know that the state plan and financial revenue and expenditure budget had been conveyed

FBIS3-2052_0

Poverty Conference Held, 15 Ministries Pledge Support

Language: English Article Type:BFN [Text] Beijing, March 2 (XINHUA) -- Leading officials from 15 key ministries pledged to do their part in implementing the central government's plan to wipe out abject poverty by the year 2000. The ministries, including major economic decision-makers, told the National Conference on Poverty Reduction that they will continue to support economic and social development in poor areas, making water, electricity, education, roads and telecommunications services available to China's 80 million poverty-stricken citizens. Chen Yaobang, vice-minister of the State Planning Commission (SPC), said that SPC will continue to give priority to the poor areas in industrial and agricultural planning, investment allocation and material distribution. Most of the 80 million poor live in remote mountainous regions, plateau areas and remote deserts, making it an arduous task to produce enough food, have adequate drinking water and access to electricity, and provide education and health services. Despite the difficulties, the minister said he is optimistic about the completion of the poverty reduction plan. The experience China has gained from past poverty reduction efforts, the growing awareness of the whole society and expanding international cooperation, will help fulfill the task. Vice-minister of Finance Li Yanling promised to increase investment to the best of the ministry's ability. According to Vice-Minister of Power Industry Lu Yancha, 120 million people had no access to electric power by 1992. Under a plan drawn up by the ministry, the majority of all the towns and villages will have access to electric power, making it available to 95 percent of rural families. Vice-Minister of Communications Li Juchang said that inaccessibility is one of the major causes for the backwardness in poverty-stricken areas. The huge potential for economic development in China's vast poor areas, which are rich in land, mineral, forest, labor and tourism resources, cannot be tapped without convenient communications, the minister said. Vice-Minister of Water Resources Zhou Wenzhi promised that water conservancy departments will step up the construction of water supply projects in rural areas and work hard to complete the task set by the central government to solve the drinking water shortage for the majority of the poor and their domestic animals. Officials from other ministries, such as the Ministry of Telecommunications, the Ministry of Radio, Film and Television, the State Education Commission and the Ministry of Labor, also announced their plans to help the poor areas.

FBIS3-2057_1

RENMIN RIBAO Commentary on Helping Former Prisoners

[gong zuo yi jian 1562 0155 1942 6015] for solving this problem after investigation and research. This is of great significance to maintaining social stability. Helping those who have been released after serving prison sentences or who have been relieved of reform-through-labor terms to find means of livelihood is a key link in preventing recidivism. It is necessary to support and assist them in seeking jobs on their own; and to encourage enterprises and various kinds of economic entities to accept and give employment to such people. Meanwhile, appeals have been made for all circles in society to show concern for and take part in providing placement, help, and education, so that such people can find means of livelihood and employment. Those who have been released after serving prison sentences or who have been relieved of reform-through-labor terms enjoy, by law, citizens' rights and should perform their obligations as citizens. In job placement, housing distribution, and provision of social relief, they should be treated in the same way as anyone else without being discriminated against. Meanwhile, we should also recognize that a considerable proportion of them do have much difficulty in finding employment and should be given some special care. They still have some mental obstacles to overcome, so education for them should be strengthened. In this sense, those who have been released after serving prison sentences or who have been relieved of reform-through-labor terms are a special social group. To give them more assistance and education and help them narrow and eliminate the gap they feel in a social and psychological sense after they return to society as quickly as possible is the common responsibility of the whole society. Naturally, however, while stepping up our efforts to make arrangements for them, we should selectively strengthen help and education for those who have more deep-rooted negative traits or who have not been so well reformed and show a tendency toward recidivism; and sternly punish those who break the law and commit crime again. To make a good job of the placement, assistance, and education for those who have been released after serving prison sentences or who have been relieved of reform-through-labor terms requires close attention and support from the party and government leaders at various levels, the cooperation of relevant departments, and concerted efforts from all circles in society, so that joint and comprehensive management can be achieved. We believe

FBIS3-2058_0

State To Aid `Resettlement' of Convicts

Language: English Article Type:BFN [By Ma Chenguang: "Convicts To Get More State Aid After Prison"] [Text] Local governments and Party committees are being encouraged to step up efforts to bring released inmates into the mainstream of society rather than turning back to a criminal life. Ex-inmates will be treated with more flexible policies to steer them toward a new life, a circular published this week said. The circular urged local governments and Party committees to help re-settle and educate these ex-inmates. Presently, about 300,000 inmates every year finish their sentences, posing a societal dilemma: How should they be resettled to prevent them from committing new crimes? The matter is even more important because of the new socialist market economy China is striving to establish. The principle measures in the circular include providing technical skill training and ideological education for inmates while serving their terms; then help them find a job or start their own business, after being released from prison. They will enjoy the same rights as non-convicts to open up businesses or engage in other economic affairs. They should not be discriminated against in getting jobs, furthering education, buying houses and land or receiving social subsidies. However, the circular also stressed re-educating them to keep them from becoming career criminals. Through China's reform-through-labour camps, the rate of repeat criminals has always been low, lingering between 6-8 per cent. Two similar circulars were published in the 1950s and 1980s, but the new sheet includes measures in light of the new socialist market economy. Incomplete statistics from the Justice Ministry showed rural people accounted for 56.9 per cent of all criminals, urban workers 18.6, and vagrants 12.2. Convicts have had particularly tough times getting jobs once they are released from prison despite government efforts. The resettlement and re-education measure, signed by the Commission for the Comprehensive Management of Public Security (CCMPS) with five other ministries, was viewed as an important step toward improving public security. The circular covers those ex-convicts who left prisons in the past three years and still have not found jobs.

FBIS3-2061_0

Bishop Attacks Cadres `Biased' on Religion

Language: English Article Type:BFN [By Chan Wai-Fong] [Text] A Chinese Christian leader urged the Government to protect unregistered church activities and strongly criticised biased cadres who abused religious rights of the Chinese people. In a speech given at a Spring Festival gathering in Beijing in January, Bishop Ding Guangxun, President of the China Christian Council (CCC), said that there were cadres who were biased towards religion and used administrative methods to control and attack law-abiding churchgoers. "The situation is serious," he said in a speech revealed yesterday by Amity Foundation, a Hong Kong based Christian group. China regulates church activities through the Chinese Three-Self Patriotic Movement and the CCC. In addition to the estimated seven million Protestant Christians recognised by the Government, a greater number fall outside the official record, and with whom the CCC have no contact. Bishop Ding called for their protection saying that they were patriotic and upheld socialism. Bishop Ding said unity and communication between the Christians recognised by the Government and those not recognised had been hampered by cadres who considered the latter law-breakers. He added that cadres had attacked and destroyed many meeting points, forcing them to go underground. In certain places, the bishop said, churches were increasingly run by cadres instead of church members. "They do not understand religion, they do not appreciate believers' thinking and feelings," he said. "To a greater or lesser extent, they despise religion, and they also have a duty to propagate atheism," he said. "What they are doing is making religion fit their own interests," he said.

FBIS3-2070_0

Document Notes `Key Technologies' for Economic Development

Language: Chinese Article Type:BFN [By reporter Li Anding (2621 1344 1353)] [Text] Beijing, 1 Mar (XINHUA) -- This reporter learned from the State Planning Commission that the State Planning Commission, the State Science and Technology Commission, and the State Economics and Trade Commission had jointly issued a document entitled "The Key Technologies for Our National Economic Development in the 1990's." "The Key Technologies for Our National Economic Development in the 1990's" is a guiding policy document. Through this document, the state -- proceeding from the overall needs of national economic development -- would make full use of the role of planning as well as the market as a means of regulation; guide along scientific and technological capabilities throughout the nation; put together human, material, and financial resources at the central and local levels; and bring into play the initiative of all quarters to emphatically solve a number of major scientific and technological problems closely related to national economic development, so as to promote readjustment of the industrial structure and push on the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure. "The Key Technologies for Our National Economic Development in the 1990's" announced this time comprise mainly those in the following categories: 1. Agriculture: involving two kinds of technologies, including crop breeding and comprehensively tackling problems at moderate- and low-yield areas; 2. Energy and the environment: involving five kinds of technologies, including low- temperature nuclear heating, tertiary oil recovery, coal cleaning and utilization, and other technologies; 3. Transportation: involving three kinds of technologies, including high-speed railway transportation, high-grade highways, and inland river shipping; 4. Raw materials and resources: involving seven kinds of technologies, including the continuous casting and rolling of thin sheets and billets [bo ban bei lian zhu lian zha 5631 2647 0999 6647 6999 6647 6509], iron-smelting using oxygen and coal, deep processing and compounding of heavy oil, engineering plastics, plastic alloys, and others technologies; 5. Information and communications: involving nine kinds of technologies, including integrated circuits, computers, software, optic-fiber communications, and other technologiges; 6. Manufacturing: including numerical control technology, laser technology, technology for manufacturing large sets of thermoelectric generating equipment, and five other kinds of technologies; 7. Biotechnology: involving six kinds of technologies including genetic engineering for animals and plants, cross-breeding fibroma [za jiao liu 7177 0074 4058] technology, industrial microbiological technology, protein engineering, and other technologies.

FBIS3-2081_0

Meeting Discusses Progress in Rural Hydroelectricity

Language: English Article Type:BFN [Text] Beijing, February 28 (XINHUA) -- China's rural waterpower generating capacity has reached more than 2,000 kw, with an annual electrical energy production of over 59.4 billion kw. An on-going meeting on national rural hydropower construction revealed that 14 out of 200 counties selected to undergo full electrification by the State Council in 1991 have now attained the goal ahead of time. Over the past three years, rural areas of the country have added a generating capacity of 3.77 million kilowatts, according to the meeting. Also, the total generating capacity of waterpower projects which are now under construction is expected to reach about 9.6 million kilowatts this year. Controls on electricity prices for users on rural hydropower networks have been lifted, and newly-built power stations have adopted a new price system of capital repayment with interest. According to the meeting, the nation's total investment in waterpower construction in 1993 was seven billion yuan. It also said that agricultural banks throughout the country provided loans of 8.64 million yuan to build medium- and small-sized power stations, 6,855 of which have been put into operation and more than 400 of which are still under construction. The focus of the hydro-power construction drive over the past few years has been on the development of local electricity networks and joint stock companies. More than 40 trans-county regional companies have been set up, and nearly 150 companies have been reorganized or rebuilt in line with the share-holding system or joint stock system. The electrification in recent years has boosted economic development in rural areas, in mountainous areas in particular. The average area of irrigated land per capita in the initially electrified counties increased to nearly half a hectare, with an average grain output per capita reaching more than 360 kilograms, according to the meeting. The electrification drive enabled 33.2 million farmers in poverty-stricken mountainous areas to use electricity, the meeting said.

FBIS3-2082_2

Beijing To Curb Inflation, Strive for Stability

19.5 percent in May to 22 percent in August in 35 major cities. Then, last November, the country experienced a drastic increase in the prices of grain, edible oil, and foodstuffs, with grain prices alone rising by over 40 percent in some localities. Although grain prices were temporarily stabilized after 5 billion kg of grain reserves were sold on the market and some administrative actions taken by the state, the price increase trend was not completely halted. The price index in 35 major cities for January this year, as released by the State Statistics Bureau, remained as high as 23.3 percent. Some Beijing experts noted that China is now facing the fourth commodity price "blast wave" after the three price increase peak periods in 1985, 1986, and 1988. An informed source in Beijing revealed that the CPC higher leadership is deeply worried about the persistent high inflation rate. And the commodity price issue will be a politically sensitive one this year, particularly because this will be a "year of reform" and also the year to see the fifth anniversary of the 4 June incident. Early this year, a central department concerned pointed out in a most confidential document: This year will see the fifth anniversary of the 1989 "Beijing contretemps" (that is, the 4 June incident), "hostile forces" at home and abroad will be doing something. From last year onward, more and more of those who went abroad before and after 1989 will be returning to China (many of them have acquired the right of residence in foreign countries). Meanwhile, those who were arrested because of involvement in the 4 June incident are now being discharged from prison, and they may still be playing a role as "unstable factors," although most of them have now turned to work in the economic field. In view of this fact, the document noted that it is necessary to step up the "anti- subversion struggle" in the economic field, pay close attention to these people's activities after joining the business circles, and guard against any attempt by them to confront the authorities or engage in illegal political activities by making use of economic means or under economic camouflage. It is said that to cope with this development the Chinese public security and state security sectors have set up special departments to keep watch on the economic circles as well as dissidents in business circles.

FBIS3-2128_1

Financial Secretary Releases `Generous' Budget

dream of. It was, said Sir Hamish after delivering his speech to the Legislative Council, a "pretty historic Budget" and almost certainly contained a record amount of concessions on salaries tax. The number of individuals who will not be paying income tax will jump from an already high 43 percent to 58 percent, described by Sir Hamish as "a fantastic difference". The measures take 420,000 people out of the tax net altogether and a further 1.13 million will find themselves paying lower taxes from this year. Huge increases in family allowances, including the introduction of a new one for taxpayers caring for a grandparent, meant that the very important middle and upper income groups -- and almost every civil servant -- will benefit. One of the big surprises of the Budget was cutting profits tax from 17.5 percent to 16.5 percent. This will leave Hong Kong companies with an extra $1.6 billion to invest in 1994/95, and will reduce their tax bills by more than $10 billion up to 1997. At the same time, Sir Hamish is planning to raise the cost of welfare spending, with funds being allocated to the elderly, disabled, sick and disadvantaged, with more places for nurseries and creches for children. Despite the growing fears about the rise in residential property prices -- which Sir Hamish shares -- the Government has decided that it can afford to reduce stamp duty on property transactions. Like many other proposals in the Budget, this is aimed particularly at the sandwich class and the reductions will apply only to properties priced at under $3 million. He said the Government believed that the cumulative effect of stamp duty on speculators who bought and sold flats several times before an end-user actually moved in would be a deterrent. Even visitors will benefit from the proposed measures. After listening to the recommendations of the tourist industry, the Government is to reduce the much disliked airport departure tax from $150 to $50. There was very little sour among the sweet -- even the usual step of raising taxes on the good things in life was resisted. There will be no rise in duty on tobacco, the incomprehensible system of charging duty on alcohol content will be simplified, to the benefit of the low end products in the market, and the tax on fuel will go up by only 8.5 percent, to reflect inflation. To

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RENMIN RIBAO Views Zhu Rongji's Japan Visit

the two countries. From Vice Premier Zhu's current visit to Japan we can see that the world, especially Japan, is trying to reunderstand China -- a "Chinese fever" of being willing to broaden the scope of cooperation with China has surfaced in Japan. The surfacing of this fever is not an accident but a product of the combination of the evolution of international relations after the Cold War, the change in Japan's domestic situation, and China's dynamic economic development. Following the end of the Cold War, international relations, especially relations between big countries, are undergoing an in-depth readjustment, and giving priority to the economy has become an important factor for guiding state to state relations. Since the world entered the 1990's, the economies of the West have been widely in recession and economic friction between the United States, Japan, and Europe has intensified. The United States and Europe have jointly applied pressure on Japan, demanding that Japan open up its market, increase its domestic demand and imports, and reduce its trade surplus. Over the decades after WWII, based on the principle of "founding the nation on trade," Japan has established an export-oriented economic structure. Its foreign trade surplus exceeded $140 billion last year. The situation facing Japan this year is: the increased external pressure; the domestic economic decline, which has lasted 35 months; Japanese products have been less competitive in the international market due to the appreciation of the Japanese yen and therefore, readjusting its industrial structure has become a pressing task. An increasing number of people of insight from Japan's economic circles have realized that developing Sino-Japanese economic, trade, scientific, and technological cooperation, and undergoing industrial restructuring are one of the important ways to free Japan from its economic predicament. Explain Away the Doubts and Misgivings to Enhance Confidence While Japan's economic circles hold favorable views on China's economy, some people have common doubts and misgivings -- such as: what if China's inflation gets out of control, resulting in social turbulences; what if reform encroaches on foreign investors' interests in China; what if the system of separating local tax revenues from those of the central government intensiflies the contradictions between the central authorities and local authorities; and can China's economy continue to develop rapidly and in a sustained and healthy manner. In one word, will China's reform succeed? Vice Premier Zhu gave pointed and unequivocal answers to aforementioned questions

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XINHUA Reports Wei Jingsheng `Summoned' Paper Reports on Detainees

Language: Chinese Article Type:BFN ["Special dispatch": "Beijing Detains Eight Dissidents; Wang Dan Later Released, But Wei Jingsheng's Whereabouts Are Still Unknown"] [Text] In the past few days the Chinese authorities have taken sudden action to deal with dissidents. The authorities detained and took away eight dissidents, including Wei Jingsheng and Wang Dan, over two days. The National People's Congress [NPC] and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference [CPPCC] will open in Beijing next week, while U.S. Secretary of State Christopher will also begin a four-day visit to China next week; the crack down by Beijing at this time has caused guessing on all sides. The Chinese Foreign Ministry yesterday confirmed that dissidents Zhou Guoqiang, Yuan Hongbing, and Wang Jiaqi have already been detained, and that Wang Dan and Wei Jingsheng have been taken away by public security personnel. Wang Dan was later released, but Wei Jingsheng is still missing. The human rights organization Asiawatch revealed that two dissidents in Shanghai were also detained. Well-known pro-democracy movement figure Xu Minli, like Wang Dan, was also taken away for a "conversation." The authorities hope that he will leave Beijing next week, and Xu Minli was later released. Wang Dan was a student leader in the 1989 pro-democracy movement. During a long-distance telephone interview yesterday with our reporters after his release, he said that on the previous evening he and three friends had wanted to go to Zhengzhou; when the train was about to leave the station, several plain-clothes public security personnel from the First Department of the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau took him to a police substation by the train station. Wang Dan asked them: "Why do you want to detain me?" A public security personnel said: "You say less words!" Wang Dan said that during the whole period of detention, the public security personnel did not say anything other than a few words to him. After 15 hours under detention, he found it unbearable, and started a fast, consequently, he was released early yesterday morning by the public security personnel after 24 hours of detention. He cited the public security personnel as saying that "it was a misunderstanding, and it is not quite convenient to tell you why there was misunderstanding." Wang Dan said that the public security personnel who detained him told him to leave Beijing during the period when American officials were visiting and during the NPC and

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XINHUA Reports Wei Jingsheng `Summoned' Ministry Confirms 3 Arrests

Beijing on Thursday [3 March] and is being seen as part of a concerted effort to keep Beijing's dissident community quiet during the forthcoming session of the National People's Congress [NPC]. Wei was taken away from his office at 10 am yesterday by three plain-clothes police officers. Former student leader, Wang Dan, was detained for 24 hours along with two friends at Beijing Railway Station on Wednesday as they were about to board a train to the central Chinese city of Zhengzhou. Mr Wang said yesterday the police gave no explanation as to why he was being held. "It was very strange, they did not interrogate me, just kept me at the railway police station for a few hours," he said. Mr Wang, a key figure in the 1989 student demonstrations, said he did not believe the authorities would be able to keep Wei locked up for too long. "They will probably detain him for a few days and try to persuade him to go out of town for the duration of the NPC," Mr Wang said, "but knowing Wei Jingsheng, he will not go voluntarily." The Foreign Ministry refused to comment on the detention of Wang and Wei but confirmed the arrest on Thursday of three other dissidents, including Zhou Guoqiang, the Beijing-based lawyer of labour leader Han Dongfang. "Zhou Guoqiang and Wang Jiaqi violated criminal laws and were arrested and investigated by the (Beijing) judicial authorities," the ministry said yesterday. A third dissident, Yuan Hongbing, "took part in a criminal action and was arrested and investigated by the Guizhou judicial authorities (in southwest China)", it said. In Shanghai at least four activists were detained for 24 hours-- apparently to stop them from meeting Mr Shattuck. Yang Zhou, a veteran activist there, said he was freed yesterday afternoon after being locked up at a police station. According to Yang, he was scheduled to meet Mr Shattuck on Thursday, but was unable to attend because of "strong police surveillance". "I had planned to tell Mr Shattuck that the US should give China MFN this year. After all there has been progress on human rights in the country over the years," Yang said. "But I am very angry over what they did. I have done nothing wrong and the detention is absolutely illegal," he added. Three others freed yesterday were medical teacher Bao Ge and activists Dai Xuezhong and Yang Qinheng.

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XINHUA Reports Wei Jingsheng `Summoned' Further on Release

Language: English Article Type:BFN [Text] Beijing, March 5 (AFP)--China's most prominent dissident Wei Jingsheng has been released after being detained for more than 24 hours by public security officials, a friend of Wei's said Saturday. The friend said Wei had telephoned at 12:20 p.m (0800 GMT) [time as received] to say that his period of interrogation had finished and he would be returning to Beijing later Saturday evening. Wei, who was picked up by police Friday morning, was taken to a state guesthouse in the northern outskirts of the city, the friend said by telephone. Wei, who was released from prison on September 14 just six months short of a 15-year term, was taken into detention just four days after meeting in Beijing with U.S. assistant secretary for human rights John Shattuck. During the meeting, Wei had urged Washington "to be as tough as the Chinese" over the question of human rights in China.

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XINHUA Reports Wei Jingsheng `Summoned' AFP Reports Release

Language: English Article Type:BFN [Text] Beijing, March 5 (AFP)--China's most prominent dissident -- Wei Jingsheng -- has been released after he was detained for more than 24 hours by public security officials, a friend of Wei's said Saturday. The friend told AFP that Wei had telephoned at 12:20 p.m (0800 GMT) [time as received] to say his interrogation had finished and he would be returning to Beijing later Saturday evening. Wei was picked up by police Friday morning and taken to a state guesthouse in the northern outskirts of the city, the friend said by telephone. Wei, who was released from prison on September 14, just six months short of a 15-year term, was taken into detention four days after meeting US Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights John Shattuck in Beijing. During the meeting, Wei had urged Washington "to be as tough as the Chinese" over the question of human rights in China. Wei had played a leading role in the 1978-79 Democracy Wall movement when he called for full democracy in China and denounced paramount leader Deng Xiaoping as a despot. His detention this week came amid a crackdown on political dissidents that saw at least seven activists picked up in a police sweep in Beijing and Shanghai. Veteran Shanghai dissident Bao Ge, who was taken into police custody in the eastern city on Thursday evening, said he had been detained for 22 hours in an apparent attempt to prevent him meeting with Shattuck. Bao, contacted by telephone, said that prior to his detention he had been approached through an intermediary about a possible meeting with Shattuck, who had a brief stopover in Shanghai Thursday after his Beijing visit. Although his interrogators had not mentioned Shattuck by name, the 30-year-old Bao said they had warned him against meeting foreign officials. He also received a strong warning to refrain from any protest activity during the visit to China of Japanese Prime Minister Morihiro Hosokawa from March 19-21. Bao was a leading spokesman for a grassroots pressure group that pushed the Chinese government to reopen the issue of Japanese war reparations. He had been detained by the authorities ahead of the state visit to China by Japanese Emperor Akihito in October 1992. Friends of another prominent dissident, labour activist Zhou Guoqiang, who was picked up Thursday in Beijing for questioning about alleged anti-government activities, said they had had no

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XINHUA Reports Wei Jingsheng `Summoned' Wei, Others Comment

Language: Chinese Article Type:BFN [Report: "Chinese Dissidents Wei Jingsheng, Bao Ge, and Yang Zhou Have Been Released After Detention, at Least Other Four Are Still Under Detention"] [Excerpts] Democracy activists Wei Jingsheng, Bao Ge, and Yang Zhou have been released after a short detention by the Chinese authorities. It is believed, however, that a few dissidents are still being detained. U.S. President Clinton has criticized the detention of Wei Jingsheng and has asserted that this incident will affect Sino-U.S. relations. U.S. Secretary of State Warren M. Christopher has denied that he would cancel his visit to China -- scheduled for this week -- because of this incident. [passage omitted] When interviewed by a MING PAO reporter yesterday, Wei Jingsheng's family said that he had phoned them yesterday afternoon to send his regards to his father and tell them that he himself was quite all right. Wei Jingsheng did not mention that he had been taken away by the police, and his father refused to further confirm his whereabouts. An assistant to Wei Jingsheng said that she received a phone call from Wei Jingsheng around 1200 yesterday. Wei was calling from somewhere in the suburbs of Beijing, asking her to convey the message that he had been released. Wei said that he would return to the downtown area in the evening after meeting with a friend at Changping in the northern suburbs of Beijing. Wei Jingsheng was one of the key figures in the 1978 Democracy Wall Movement. He was sentenced to 15 years of imprisonment by the authorities and was released on parole in last September. He was taken away by three policemen from his younger brother's home in the morning of the day before yesterday. Since that time, his whereabouts have been unknown. During yesterday's phone call, Wei Jingsheng confirmed to his assistant that he had been officially "summoned, detained, and interrogated" by the public security sector. He was allowed to go home by the time he made the call, but he did not say whether his movements would be restricted, and he did not explain why he had been detained and interrogated. He just said that he had been treated well. Wei Jingsheng's family and his assistant believe that the purpose behind his detention and interrogation was to embarrass the United States, which has consistently been pressuring Beijing to release political prisoners. Meanwhile, Bao Ge, another dissident who

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XINHUA Reports Wei Jingsheng `Summoned' Further on Detentions

member of the "Peace Charter" group, was accused of "colluding with hostile foreign forces" and "disturbing social order". Yuan and Wang were accused by the Chinese Foreign Ministry of unspecified "criminal" activities. Shanghai's most prominent dissident Yang Zhou and at least five other local activists were rounded up by police during Mr Shattuck's stay in the city, Mr Yang revealed yesterday. Other activists fled the city before the US envoy arrived, he said. Mr Yang, a veteran of China's pro-democracy movement and a founding member of the Shanghai-based Association for Human Rights, said his home was surrounded by plain-clothes Public Security officials on Thursday, when he was due to see Mr Shattuck in a meeting arranged by the US consulate in Shanghai. "I didn't dare to go out. I knew that if I did I wouldn't get anywhere," he said. Uniformed police later entered his home and took him into detention for 24 hours before freeing him on Friday. They warned him of harsher action unless he changed his ways. Mr Yang said at least five other dissidents, who had been involved in the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and an earlier round of pro-democracy ferment in 1978, were also detained. They were Yang Qingheng, Dai Xuezhong, Bao Ge, Ma Wei and Gong Xingnan. Bao Ge, who is leading a battle for compensation from Japan for its atrocities against the Chinese during World War II, said he was held for two days. Meanwhile, five reporters from US-based news organisations taken on a government-arranged trip to a remote prison in China's northeast were not allowed to speak to a prisoner jailed there for being a leader of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, they said yesterday. While prison officials denied Liu Gang, 33, or any other prisoners were tortured, as alleged by human rights groups, the reporters could not verify that for themselves. The journalists who went to the Lingyuan Number Two Labour Reform Detachment in Liaoning Province were shown videotapes of Liu, who was number three on the list of most wanted students after the army crushed the pro-democracy protests on June 4, 1989. At one point, officials told them to go to a window where they could see Liu, sentenced to six years in jail in 1991, walking with guards. They were then shown Liu smoking a cigarette and talking to guards on a closed-circuit television link that had no sound.

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XINHUA Reports Wei Jingsheng `Summoned' AFP Reports Zhai Weimin Arrest

Language: English Article Type:BFN [Text] Beijing, March 6 (AFP)--Chinese police detained 1989 pro-democracy movement student leader Zhai Weimin on Sunday [6 March], continuing a crackdown on dissidents ahead of the US secretary of state's visit this week. A friend of Zhai said by telephone that the dissident, who was sixth on the government's "most wanted list" following the 1989 Tiananmen massacre, was picked up at 2:40 p.m. (0640 GMT) by four policemen driving a red Volkswagen Santana as he walked along a street in Beijing's university area. The dissident was released from jail on September 13, after serving a 3-1/2 year term for "counterrevolutionary propaganda and incitement." Chinese police have detained at least eight political activists in recent days, including Wei Jingsheng, the country's most famous dissident. Wei was released Saturday after spending more than 24 hours being interrogated on the northern outskirts of Beijing. He returned home late Saturday. "This is all part of the same thing as Wei," said Zhai's friend, who saw the dissident being taken away by car. "It's still going on, it's not over. They release some, but they keep on detaining others."

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XINHUA Reports Wei Jingsheng `Summoned' More on Student Leaders

Language: Chinese Article Type:BFN [Report: "Two Former Leaders of Beijing Students Campaign Are Again Detained by Public Security Authorities"] [Excerpts] John Shattuck, U.S. assistant secretary of state for human rights and humanitarian affairs, yesterday released a statement in Hong Kong, condemning China for detaining dissidents. Shattuck also warned that the action taken by the Chinese authorities over the past few days had cast a pall over Secretary of State Warren Christopher's forthcoming visit to China. It was on the same day that Shattuck released his statement that the Chinese authorities detained two more former Beijing student movement leaders, namely, Zhai Weimin and Ma Shaofang. An informed source in Beijing revealed that Zhai Weimin, a student leader in the 1989 pro-democracy movement, was detained by the police yesterday afternoon and his whereabouts are unknown. Another student leader, Ma Shaofang, was stopped and detained by the police in Tianjin, enroute Beijing, and then sent back to Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province under escort. A friend of Zhai Weimin said Zhai, who came to Beijing from his home province, Henan, was picked up by some policemen near the Qinghua University campus in Beijing's Haidian District around 1440 yesterday. His whereabouts are still not known. His friend estimates that there are two possibilities: Like the case of Wang Dan some days ago, Zhai Weimin may be released in a couple of days after being warned by the police; or he may be sent back to his home province of Henan under escort. AFP quoted a friend of Zhai as saying that the incident took place when the 26-year-old Zhai was walking with a child along a street near Qinghua University. A red Volkswagen Santana suddenly arrived and four policemen got out of the car and picked him up. Meanwhile, according to one of Ma Shaofang's friends, Ma originally planned to arrive in Beijing on 3 March from his home province of Jiangsu but he has not yet shown up in Beijing. A phone call from Ma's family yesterday said he had been stopped and detained by the Jiangsu provincial police a few days ago in Tianjin on his way to Beijing and he had been brought back to Nanjing by the police. What is going to happen to him is still unknown. Zhai Weimin and Ma Shaofang are the 12th and 13th dissidents detained by the authorities in Beijing and Shanghai over the past four

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XINHUA Reports Wei Jingsheng `Summoned' Wei Leaves Beijing `Voluntarily'

China's best-known dissident, Wei Jingsheng, "voluntarily" left Beijing yesterday for an undisclosed destination because of his "poor health", his secretary said last night. Mr Wei, who had been detained by police for 24 hours two days ago, told his secretary Tong Yi that he would be leaving Beijing for a few days and could not say when he would be back. Mr Wei had earlier in the day arranged to meet members of the foreign media to discuss his recent detention but at about 5 pm told Ms Tong that he would be leaving the city with a few friends for an undisclosed destination. Asked if she believed Mr Wei's assertion he was leaving Beijing of his own free will, Ms Tong said: "He is my boss. Of course, I believe him," adding that Mr Wei did appear to be "rather weary". Most observers believe, however, that Mr Wei was persuaded to take an "all expenses paid vacation" by the police during his detention last week, so that he would not be around during United States Secretary of State Warren Christopher's visit to Beijing on Friday. Mr Wei's office in the northeast of Beijing was yesterday surrounded by plainclothes police, who turned back journalists hoping to interview the Democracy Wall veteran. Ms Tong, who met Mr Wei after his release on Saturday, said that he did not discuss with her what had happened during his detention but stressed that he had not been formally arrested and had been well treated. As Mr Wei was leaving Beijing, the authorities' clampdown on dissidents continued with the detention of another former student leaders Zhai Weimin. Zhai was reportedly picked up in Beijing's university district by four plainclothes police officers and taken away for questioning. The former Beijing Economics Institute student, who ranked sixth on the Government's 1989 most wanted list, was released from jail last September after serving a 3 1/2-year prison term for "counter-revolutionary incitement and propaganda". Meanwhile, one of the four dissidents rounded up in the early hours of Thursday morning was released apparently without being charged yesterday morning. Qian Yumin, a member of Han Dongfang's Autonomous Workers' Federation, was freed after being warned to stay out of trouble during Mr Christopher's visit. The other three dissidents arrested on Thursday -- Zhou Guoqiang, Yuan Hongbing and Wang Jiaqi are understood to be still in detention and face criminal charges. [passage omitted]

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XINHUA Reports Wei Jingsheng `Summoned' Ministry Denies Reportage

Language: English Article Type:BFN [Text] Beijing, March 7 (XINHUA) -- The Chinese Ministry of Public Security denied here today that some "dissidents" have been detained as reported by press units in Hong Kong and overseas. In recent days, Hong Kong and foreign press units carried reports saying that China has "detained more dissidents", and prepared a list of about a dozen people. Sources from the ministry said that only Zhou Guoqiang, Yuan Hongbing and Wang Jiaqi are being investigated according to law by public and state security organs as they are suspected of being involved in unlawful acts in inciting turmoil and disrupting social order or in criminal cases. The rest of the people on the list, including Wei Jingsheng and Wang Dan, are not put under detention, the sources said. It is learned that Wei Jingsheng yesterday submitted an application to the Public Security Department to go out of Beijing for some private matter and his application has been approved.

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XINHUA Notes U.S. Pledge of Aid to Georgia

Language: English Article Type:BFN [Text] Washington, March 7 (XINHUA) -- U.S. President Bill Clinton announced here today that the U.S. will provide 70 million dollars in technical and humanitarian assistance to the former Soviet republic of Georgia. During a joint press conference with visiting Georgian President Eduard Shevardnadze, Clinton said Washington was inclined to consider sending U.N. peacekeepers to Georgia. He praised the contributions to the "peaceful end to the Cold War" made by Shevardnadze, who had been foreign minister of the now- defunct Soviet Union. "I reaffirmed in very strong terms America's support for the independence, the sovereignty, and the territorial integrity of georgia," Clinton said. He said the United States would be inclined to support a U.N. peacekeeping operation in Georgia's Abkhazia region if the government and the rebels there can achieve success in their talks and maintain an effective cease-fire. A possible U.N. peacekeeping presence in Georgia would need U.S. funding but not U.S. military units. Shevardnadze, arrived here Sunday night [6 March], will be meeting with congressional leaders tomorrow.

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Article Views President Clinton's Asia-Pacific Policy

administration believes there are four priorities for the security of the New Pacific Community. First, a continued American military presents in this region; second, stronger efforts to combat the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction; third, new regional dialogues on the full range of the common security challenges; and last, support for democracy and open societies throughout this region. President Clinton, Secretary of State Warren Christopher and other U.S. officials made it very clear that the bedrock of America's security role in the Asia-Pacific region must be a continued military presence. The Clinton administration affirms U.S. bilateral security treaties with five Asia-Pacific countries: Japan, South Korea, Australia, the Philippines, and Thailand. These treaties serve the interests of the United States. They enable U.S. armed force to maintain a substantial presence. While the defense budget has been cut in European and American domestic bases, the Clinton administration maintains the U.S. force level in Asia. After the closure of the Philippine bases, the United States has obtained increased access for its forces throughout Southeast Asia to facilitate the military presence there. All of these are signs that the United States is going to stay on in the region. To prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction, the nuclear weapons in particular, and their means of delivery is the second priority of the Clinton administration for the New Pacific Community. In this respect, the United States has serious concerns about the suspected development of nuclear weapons on the Korean peninsula. It urges North Korea to fulfill its full-scope obligations to the International Atomic Energy Agency, including IAEA inspections of undeclared nuclear sites and to reaffirm its commitment to the Nonproliferation Treaty. The United States also pays close attention to the transshipment of missiles and sophisticated technologies. Perhaps no development is more noticeable than the new emphasis in the Clinton administration on the regional security dialogues. From the Clinton's administration's point of view, the post-Cold War has produced a radical shift in the old balance of power. The New Pacific Community must forge a new regional balance that promotes stability. Unlike the Cold War era and unlike Europe, it is not a group of blocs set against each other or some common enemy. It will help to convey intentions to each other, to erase misperceptions, and to start building confidence. In this regard, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) post-ministerial conference is

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`News Analysis' Views Group of 7 Job Summit

good but irrelevant for the depressed labor market in Western Europe. "I would doubt that the Europeans are very enthusiastic about the jobs summit," said Peter Richards, a Geneva-based ILO economist, in an interview. "They see the problem very much on their own." Practically half of the 35 million unemployed in Western Europe have been off payrolls for a year or more, due to technological changes, widening economic competition and normal movement of economic cycle. Observers noted that in Western Europe, only the United Kingdom now appears a bit optimistic in the overall employment picture, while unemployment is regarded as the most difficult to solve in Germany and France. In the U.S., 8.5 million people are registered as out of work. 4.5 million work part-time and say they would like to have full-time jobs. Another half million Americans are too discouraged to look for work. "When it comes to jobs, we want to create two million more in 1994," President Clinton said over the weekend, pledging to boost the country's exports, one billion U.S. dollars of which will create 20,000 jobs. This week, the administration is scheduled to introduce the reemployment act of 1994, in order to bring the U.S. job training programs into the 21st Century and replace the entire existing unemployment system. The proposed one-stop shopping centers, officials said, will link job search with training. People can get job search help, data on the next possible jobs as well as the trainings to get the job in a single place. The U.S. and Europe, observers said, face two completely different problems in employment. Europe, with high jobless rate, witnesses steady rise in the income of its workers, while the U.S., despite its dropping jobless rate, suffers from declining wages. In Europe, it is the unions not the corporate mangers that have the final say in keeping a worker or not, and there is almost no or very little flexibility in the labor market there, especially in Germany. Americans are another case. Workers are increasingly worried since their bosses do not make layoff announcement until the last minute, making them ill prepared for the change or disappearance of jobs. "The responsibility of the G-7 must be to initiate a profound change in direction of international economic policy, to get rid of the free market approach and become pragmatic," said John Evans, general secretary of OECD's Trade Union Advisory Committee.

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Editorial Criticizes MFN-Human Rights Link

harming others, will end in self-destruction. The linkage of MFN treatment with human rights is a violation of the principle of respecting other countries' sovereignty that is stipulated in the "United Nations Charter." Clause 7 of Article 2 stipulates: "Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state." Although the human rights issue has an international component, it is a matter which is essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of a state. The attempt of any country to impose sanctions against other countries, to make indiscreet remarks or criticism of the domestic matters which other countries handle independently and state-to-state affairs, or to compel other countries to relinquish their sovereignty to accept its values, ideology, political standards, and development pattern by making use of human rights is an act which violates human rights. We strongly endorse the following view: Human rights first of all represent the right to subsistence, and, in order to secure the right to subsistence, a country must first of all fight for the right of independence. This rule has been proven time and again by the history of many countries. If a country is deprived of its sovereignty, its people's personal rights cannot possibly be safeguarded. It seems difficult to understand why the United States, while posing as a "fighter for human rights," refuses to sign some international conventions on human rights and has joined a relatively small number of such conventions, claiming that in so doing it wants "to vigorously defend the sovereignty of the United States of America." On the other hand, however, the United States is demanding that those conventions it has signed be subordinate to the U.S. Constitution and laws. It also seems difficult to understand why this country, while reproaching other countries for their "poor human rights conditions," has done its utmost to support some cases of massive and outrageous infringements upon human rights. In fact, this only indicates that the United States, in pursuing "human rights diplomacy," definitely does not mean to fight for human rights for other countries or for some people, but to make use of the "human rights" issue to interfere in others' internal affairs and sell its own values, ideology, political standards, and development mode. These deeds have of course been boycotted and condemned by many countries. What must be pointed

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Editorial Criticizes MFN-Human Rights Link

rule has been proven time and again by the history of many countries. If a country is deprived of its sovereignty, its people's personal rights cannot possibly be safeguarded. It seems difficult to understand why the United States, while posing as a "fighter for human rights," refuses to sign some international conventions on human rights and has joined a relatively small number of such conventions, claiming that in so doing it wants "to vigorously defend the sovereignty of the United States of America." On the other hand, however, the United States is demanding that those conventions it has signed be subordinate to the U.S. Constitution and laws. It also seems difficult to understand why this country, while reproaching other countries for their "poor human rights conditions," has done its utmost to support some cases of massive and outrageous infringements upon human rights. In fact, this only indicates that the United States, in pursuing "human rights diplomacy," definitely does not mean to fight for human rights for other countries or for some people, but to make use of the "human rights" issue to interfere in others' internal affairs and sell its own values, ideology, political standards, and development mode. These deeds have of course been boycotted and condemned by many countries. What must be pointed out is that a small number of Chinese who have been preaching human rights are groveling at the feet of the westerners and begging foreign governments to impose sanctions on their own country and deprive their own country of sovereignty. Some people speaking at forums in the United States have called for imposing conditions related to "human rights" on the offer of MFN status to China. Some people speaking before U.S. officials have urged the United States "not to extend China's MFN status before substantial improvements are made in mainland China's human rights record." Still others who have been vigorously defending colonial rule and opposing China's resumption of exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong are criticizing the human rights condition in China by citing some cases of judiciary actions that China has carried out in accordance with the law. These people have abandoned even the minimum standard for being considered Chinese, and they are absolutely not qualified to talk of human rights! In preaching "human rights" they are putting up a false front, concealing their real motives. We should never lower our guard against these people.

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Tax Losses Attributed to `Many Causes'

Language: Chinese Article Type:BFN ["Random Talk on Hot Points of Reform" column by Zheng Qi (6774 3823): "An Opinion on Deepening Reform in the Tax Collection and Management System"] [Text] At present, the issue of the loss of taxes has attracted extensive attention from various circles in society and has become one of the hot spots of discussion among the people. "Strengthening the collection and management of taxes" and earnestly preventing the loss of taxes have become a consensus among the people. This author holds that there are many causes of the serious loss of taxes, but the existing excessively backward mode of collecting and managing taxes can only be said to be one of the important causes. Therefore, the way out is to reform, according to the demands of the socialist market economy, the existing outdated mode of tax collection and management and to modernize, socialize, and legalize tax collection and management. For more than 40 years, China has been implementing the system of special tax administrators administering enterprises, that is, one special administrator administers a certain number of enterprises and the administrator completes all by himself the work of giving instructions on paying taxes, tax payment assessment, tax declaration, handing over taxes to the treasury, and tax payment inspection. This mode of management once played a positive role, but it has increasingly greater difficulty in meeting the needs of the development of economic life at present. To explore a rational mode of tax collection and management, various localities across the country have, since the middle of the 1980's, carried out one after another the reform of tax collection and management which mainly separates tax collection and management from inspection. However, this reform is mainly a readjustment of the internal work relationship of taxation organs and cannot solve problems in the relationship between taxpayers and tax collectors. Also, because taxpayers continue to pay taxes at taxation departments as before, the workload of taxation departments increases day by day and the problem of the loss of taxes remain serious. Therefore, making efforts to explore how to deepen the reform of the tax collection and management structure in the socialist market economy has become a very pressing task. The Haikou City Taxation Bureau used international common practices for reference and in 1992 started the reform of the existing tax collection and management structure: It has abolished the special tax administrators system

FBIS3-2297_5

Journal Examines Commodity Price Situation 1993: A Quite Large Increase in Prices But the Growth in People's Income Was Greater 1994: The Pressure of Inflation Will Still Exist But the Price Situation Does Not Look Too Pessimistic Implementation of the Many Reform Measures Will Result in Some Changes in Prices But Will Not Affect People's Daily Lives

also afraid that the grain prices would increase this year and, as a result, they made panic purchases of grain. These factors obviously induced a rise in the price of grain. Some people also thought that home-use electrical appliances and other commodities would also rise in price and in some areas the phenomenon of panic purchasing of electrical home appliances appeared. According to general expectations, in years with bumper grain harvests, the market supply-demand contradiction will be alleviated and grain prices should not increase. However, last year, the situation was the reverse. This shows that the psychological immaturity of the consumers can give rise to an increase in prices. Summing up the above, there was indeed a great increase in prices last year. This is a fact. However, in examining the issue of prices, we must look from an overall viewpoint. That is to say, we should not only look at the degree to which the price index has risen but also look at how much people's incomes have risen. In economics, there is the term "demand-driven" inflation. That is to say, when people's income grows too swiftly, it can form real demand for the means of consumption (or, purchasing power). When this demand is greater than supply, it will push up prices. Seen from the situation last year, the growth in people's income was quite swift. From January to September, the average monthly income was 29.4 percent up. Excluding price rise factors, the actual increase was 12.7 percent. This quite rapid increase in income induced a rise in the prices of consumer products, especially foodstuffs and industrial consumer products and services. Of course, this is not to say that some people's actual standard of living did not decline as a result of the rise in their income being less than the increase in the level of prices. This problem should be dealt with through social security and other avenues. 1994: The Pressure of Inflation Will Still Exist But the Price Situation Does Not Look Too Pessimistic According to the analyses by relevant departments, we should not show unguarded optimism in respect of the price situation in 1994 but neither need we be too pessimistic. Seen from the angle of consumers, it would be best to view price raises with a normal attitude. Seen in terms of the inflationary pressure: 1. The investment expansion impulse will continue to exist. Beginning

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Official Views Hong Kong Transition Without UK Cooperation

stand firm together with the large number of Hong Kong people who love China and Hong Kong in the recovery of Hong Kong's sovereignty, following the principles of `one country, two systems,' and `Hong Kong people ruling Hong Kong' set out in the Basic Law." At a ceremony to issue letters of appointment to advisers to Hong Kong regional affairs held today, Zhou Nan said: "Since Hong Kong entered the transitional period, Deng Xiaoping has repeatedly stressed it is important for those Hong Kong people who love China and Hong Kong to actively participate in all sorts of social and political affairs. In the previous period, according to suggestions made by Hong Kong people, the Chinese Government has set up the Preliminary Work Committee of the Preparatory Committee of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and has appointed two batches of advisers on Hong Kong affairs. Facts have proved that these moves are conducive to Hong Kong's prosperity and stability and are also an effective way to encourage Hong Kong people to get involved in social and political affairs in the transition period and to prepare them for `administering Hong Kong'." Zhou Nan pointed out: "The historic moment when Hong Kong will return to the embrace of the motherland is drawing near. Although there are people who have tried in every possible way to create obstacles to the return of Hong Kong to its motherland, their wishful attempts are doomed to failure. The Chinese people, who have risen to their feet, will never allow themselves to be ordered about and trampled upon any more." Zhou Nan quoted Deng Xiaoping as saying: "Every son and daughter of the Chinese people takes pride in their nation, no matter what clothes they are dressed in and what position they hold. Hong Kong people also have a sense of pride in their nation. Hong Kong people can administer Hong Kong well. They should have such confidence in themselves. Hong Kong's prosperity has been brought about by Hong Kong people with Chinese as the main body." Zhou Nan stressed: "We must create such confidence: Without British cooperation, we can still achieve a smooth transition and administer Hong Kong well." He hoped the appointed advisers on regional affairs would, together with the Hong Kong people, make concerted efforts to remove all obstacles and work for a smooth transition and a happier and more prosperous Hong Kong.

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Paper Previews Work Report Li Peng To Deliver at NPC

But Britain is not mentioned in this regard. Mr Li sets the national growth rate this year at nine percent, and vows to keep inflation within 10 percent. While indicating that major achievements have been made in a wide range of areas, Mr Li concedes much still needs to be done in economic and social spheres. These include tackling soaring inflation, the "irrational" economic structure money-losing state firms, the worsening law-and-order situation, and laxity in fighting social evils as well as corruption. Mr Li assures that the party centre and central Government have already taken measures to solve the problems. Stressing that this year's work should be governed by the 20-character dictum, he calls on the nation to put the national situation before local concerns. "We must seriously handle the relationship between development, reform, and stability," he says, adding the three are "inter-related". "Economic construction is the core of our work. Reform is the impetus for promoting development. Development and reform are the way to ensure stability in the long run. And maintaining stability will guarantee (the smooth implementation of) development and reform." In spite of his somewhat mild stance on Hong Kong, Mr Li speaks in harsher terms on the reunification of Taiwan. "The realization of the peaceful unification of the motherland is the wish of all the people of China. Any attempts and activities to split the motherland, no matter in what form, is in contravention of the interest of the Chinese people. They will all be futile," he says. In spite of the controversy over the three-month-long austerity programme last year, Mr Li maintains in his report that the retrenchment exercise has attained positive results. He reiterates the need to impose macro-level adjustments and controls over the economy to solve outstanding contradictions and problems. Echoing the instructions made by octogenarian leaders Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun, the premier underscores the significance of boosting the centre's authority in macro-level economic control. According to an economist, the central Government should be able to attain a growth rate of around 10 percent in spite of the strong pressure of economic overheating. A veteran legislator said the whole report was "quite balanced" and moderate, adding he expected no major dispute over it at the upcoming plenum. Mr Li also vows before the year 2000 to provide "food and clothing" for the 80 million people who are living below the poverty line.

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XINHUA Views Steps in Eradicating Poverty

of the areas. Compared with the poverty eased among about 45 million poor people during the 1986-1992 period, the remaining poverty facing 80 million Chinese is much more difficult to wipe out than the steps taken by China in 1978-1985. The population of the poor decreased from about 200 million in 1978 to 125 million in 1985, when China abolished the commune system and introduced the household contract responsibility system. The reform resulted in a sharp increase in grain output and farmers' incomes. During the eight-year poverty-reduction drive since 1986, China earmarked about 30 billion yuan worth of grain, clothes and other consumer goods for poverty alleviation, and allocated about five billion yuan in aid or discount loans to help the poor areas. For the next seven years, in comparison, China should do at least twice as much. It should help 11 million escape from poverty each year during the coming seven years, while, on average, only 6.4 million poor people did so each year in the past seven, by getting enough food and clothes. Despite the difficulty, China has many positive factors in its fight against poverty, such as the growing government investment, the priority given by the central and local governments to social and economic development in the poor areas, and support given by all walks of life and the international organizations. A recent government decision stipulates that when preparing national and regional budgets, a set sum of money should be used for poverty reduction by the central and local financial departments. To beef up the poverty reduction drive, the central government also made a decision to increase its investment in the "work for food program" by one billion yuan each year before the end of this century, and also extend one billion yuan discount loans to the poor areas. The investment in the program would total four billion yuan in 1994 and 1995, respectively. China's opening of its developing inland areas, particularly the border areas, has promoted local businesses and benefited from their trade with their neighboring countries or other areas. The booming Chinese economy also contributed greatly to poverty alleviation, offering many jobs to surplus laborers in the poor area. About 10 million surplus farmers in China's most populous Sichuan Province were employed last year by businesses in and outside the province, who earned a total of 10 billion yuan. Past practice shows that if a

FBIS3-2356_2

Return to Beijing Expected by End of March

forces and organizations abroad. He revealed that the Chinese side had set up an organization recently to investigate these organizations and contacts among democratic activists and dissidents, and this led to some strong actions afterwards. The Chinese side does not want to see social "stability" upset by any activities by these people to mark the anniversary of the 4 June Incident or by any related activities. Therefore, the Chinese side has made this move in anticipation of such a possibility, despite pressure from the United States. The informed source said the Chinese side does not want to see organizations formed by these people emerge, nor does it like western countries exerting pressure on it under such a pretext, and this is why the Chinese side has made this move. On the other hand, the Chinese side's operations against subversion can be combined with its hard-line foreign policy, thus rationalizing the strong action it may take next at home and abroad under the camouflage of nationalism and patriotism. Qian Yumin, a co-signatory to the Peace Charter who works with the Ministry of Railways, was released the night before yesterday [6 March]. He said he had been warned by the police not to make any "move" or do anything to impair the national interest during the current two sessions. Ma Shaofang, a student leader in the 1989 democracy movement, was stopped and picked up by the police at Tianjin railway station en route to Beijing from Jiangsu five days ago. It is said that Ma Shaofang is now being kept under direct surveillance by the Jiangsu provincial public security bureau. A U.S. Embassy official said the U.S. Government has already fully expressed its stand on the Wei Jingsheng case and some others. During his visit to Beijing, Christopher will place special stress on the human rights issue. The official maintained that if the Chinese side takes no specific action to improve conditions, the Clinton administration, under pressure at home and abroad, will take a tougher attitude toward the Chinese side. How the United States reacts depends on the Chinese side's "performance this week." The U.S. Embassy official said Christopher will give a news conference before he leaves Beijing, and his evaluation of the outcome of his talks with Chinese officials and his assessment of human rights conditions and the other issues he will present will outline the Clinton administration's future China policy.

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LIAOWANG Interviews Science Academy President

the highest labor productivity was no longer workers who controlled machines, or American-style centralized command systems, but the Japanese system of worker participation in innovation which stressed coordination. Today, with the introduction of computerized automation and production systems, and the popularization of satellite and optical fiber communication facilities, production of diverse varieties in small quantities at a low cost has become a widespread practice. This calls for rapid acquisition and handling of large quantities of information as well as a flexible and swift response. Big companies with tight-knit but unwieldy organizational setups are no longer suited to this change, which has been caused by scientific and technological development, and a process of reorganization has begun. Zhou Guangzhao mentioned two opposite yet complementary trends: On the one hand, there has been a strengthening of the overall order. Modern scientific and technological development has created more effective means for better planned management and supervision. For example, the introduction of electronic equipment and facilities in banking, financial, and taxation organs makes it possible to control, in a timely fashion, the circulation of money in the whole society, halt speculation and tax evasion, and check inflation and price raises. The remote monitoring of energy, material, and manpower supplies as well as natural disasters to prevent possible trouble, has also become a possibility. These have turned the society into a more ordered and coordinated system. On the other hand, there has been a development of local autonomy. The rapid conversion of scientific and technological achievements and the diversification of market demands, have brought about intensified competition and uneven development. The more technology is made use of in our work and everyday life, the greater will be the demand on people's knowledge and ability. The vitality of a unit is reflected through the initiative and creativity of its members. The decentralization of power, the streamlining of management hierarchies, and the promotion of continuing education aimed at improving the quality of laborers and arousing the enthusiasm of individuals, have become a world trend. Regarding the influence of, and example set by, CAS in these respects, Zhou Guangzhao said: In an open market economy, scientific research units must engage in competition on a world scale. A research unit without vitality will be eliminated. Units that have vitality but work on their own will also meet the same fate because their forces will be dispersed or will be offset

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LIAOWANG Interviews Science Academy President

preparing this year and will submit to the state for inclusion in the "Ninth Five-Year Plan": Coal purification, combustion and conversion. Since the early 1980's, five or six institutes under CAS have been engaged in research on technologies aimed at raising combustion efficiency, reducing pollution, and developing coal processing, combustion, and conversion, achieving some successes. In these areas, the necessary conditions exist for putting the research achievements into industrial application. The harnessing and coordinated economic development of the red earth undulating hills of South China. The undulating hills of South China make up one-fifth of China's total land area and most of these are poverty-stricken areas which urgently need opening up. Having previously done research and developed new technologies in such areas as comprehensive planning, soil, species, fertilizers, resource processing, environmental protection, and ecological restoration, and with its experience in the comprehensive harnessing of the Huanghe-Huaihai region, it is high time that CAS began this "assault." The comprehensive exploitation and utilization of rare earth resources. China has not yet developed the technologies for the purification and ultrafine powdering of rare earth, and has not yet made much of a breakthrough in the application of high technologies and new materials. With its multidisciplinary strength, CAS should be in a position to organize a superior force and develop China's own technologies and industries using rare-earth luminescent materials, battery materials, and magnetic materials. Information technology. CAS and related organs have already built up an excellent research force and capability in such areas of information technology as computers, automated systems, and optical-mechanical-electrical devices. For example, it has two microelectronic bases, one in the north and the other in the south, and has successfully developed the "Shuguang-I" parallel processor which is up to international standards of the early 1990's. CAS must organize its strength to study its own development strategies and speed up development. Zhou Guangzhao said that high-tech enterprises under CAS must practice standardized management under the modern enterprise system. On the basis of sorting out property relations, steps must be taken to define the relations between the institutes and enterprises in accordance with law. The joint-stock system should be instituted in all types of enterprises, with the majority of them being turned into limited liability companies. Zhou Guangzhao disclosed that CAS will start a project this spring to train and select leaders who will lead various disciplines into the next century. At the

FBIS3-2364_0

Dam Sturgeon Rescue Holds Lessons for Three Gorges Plan

Language: English Article Type:BFN [Text] Beijing, March 7 (CNS) -- According to a survey by relevant research institutions, Chinese sturgeons have extricated themselves from a predicament as a result of the construction of the Gezhou Dam at the river's upper reaches, with the young sturgeons now appearing in many places at the river's lower reaches in Anhui, Jiangxi and Jiangsu Provinces and the Shanghai Municipality, indicating success of the comprehensive sturgeon rescue plan including artificial sturgeon-breeding and the sending back of young sturgeons into the river. The Chinese sturgeon, an important endangered aquatic animal protected by the Chinese Government, used spawn in the Jinsha River, a branch of the Yangzte at its upper reaches. [sentence as received] With the construction of the Gezhou Dam, this species of fish was greatly reduced in number since their way back upstream for spawning had been cut off by the dam. In order to protect this variety of fish, considered a precious "living fossil", the Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute succeeded in developing an artificial sturgeon reproduction programme in 1984 and since that time they have sent back 2.35 million young sturgeons into the river. A survey conducted in 1991 showed that the number of this fish in the river has nearly reached the level before the construction of the dam. According to experts, the above success has offered beneficial experience for the protection of precious endangered species facing similar environmental problems with the construction of the three Gorges Project.

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Article Views Possible U.S. Sanctions on Japan

Language: Chinese Article Type:BFN ["Special dispatch" by staff reporter Xu Changyin (1776 7022 6892): "U.S.-Japanese Trade Frictions Will Aggravate"] [Text] Washington--U.S. President Clinton and Japanese Prime Minister Morihiro Hosokawa held a meeting at the White House on 11 February. This was the first formal meeting between the leaders of the two countries since Hosokawa became Japanese prime minister. The meeting was aimed at resolving trade issues between the two countries, but ended in failure without any agreement. The United States indicated its readiness to take retaliatory steps. Thus, U.S.-Japanese trade frictions will be further aggravated. At a press conference after the meeting, Clinton directly criticized Japan by saying that Japan is still unwilling to open its market to U.S. products, it was the G-7 country with the most tightly closed market, and proposals raised by Japan at the meeting could not even meet the criteria provided by the "framework agreement" concluded by the two countries in Tokyo last year. Hosokawa stressed that although no trade agreement had been reached at the summit meeting, both sides agreed that "this result should not be allowed to undermine the solid and friendly relations between the two countries," adding that both sides maintained that cooperation in the political and security fields had developed and strengthened. Since the Clinton administration assumed office, U.S. foreign policy toward Japan has changed noticeably. The United States no longer puts U.S.-Japanese security relations in primary position in U.S. policy on Japan, but stresses the importance of U.S.-Japanese trade relations. For a long time, the United States has registered a huge adverse balance of trade with Japan. Although both sides have signed almost 30 different trade agreements since 1980, the U.S. trade deficit with Japan keeps increasing. Last year, the deficit with Japan rose by 20 percent, standing at almost $60 billion. The Clinton administration has always exerted pressure on Japan on the trade question. It has asked Japan to open its market to U.S. products and reduce the huge trade deficit to provide more job opportunities in the United States and stimulate U.S. economic development. In the "framework agreement" concluded last year, the United States asked Japan to work out detailed quotas to import U.S. products. The United States calls this "target criteria." Prior to the summit meeting, Hosokawa sent a special envoy to meet Clinton and ask the United States to give Japan more time on the trade

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LIAOWANG Views PRC Foreign Relations

Language: Chinese Article Type:BFN ["International Commentary" by Wei Guoqiang (7614 0948 1730): "PRC Active Diplomacy"] [Text] The year 1994 has just begun and a situation of unprecedented vigor has appeared on China's diplomatic front. Qiao Shi, National People's Congress [NPC] Standing Committee chairman; Liu Huaqing, Central Military Commission[CMC] vice chairman; Qian Qichen, vice premier and foreign minister; and Liu Huaqiu, deputy foreign minister left in turn for visits to Europe, Southeast Asia, Africa, France, and the United States. Meanwhile, Hwang Jang Yop, secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea Central Committee; Cambodian First Prime Minister Norodom Narariddh and Second Prime Minister Hun Sen; U.S. Treasury Secretary Lloyd Bentsen and a U.S. Congressional delegation; Tsutomu Hata, Japanese deputy prime minister and foreign minister; Andrei Kozirev, Russian foreign minister; and Azerbaijan Foreign Minister Hasang Hasangnuofu [0761 2718 0761 2718 6179 1133] also paid visits to China. Such a busy lineup of bilateral exchanges within a short span of one month shows China's expanding diplomatic front and that China's increasingly active diplomatic activities are yielding fruitful results. NPC Standing Committee Chairman Qiao Shi's recent three-nation tour of Germany, Switzerland, and Austria, the first visit by a Chinese leader to these three countries for four years, received a warm and high-profile welcome. While in Germany, Qiao Shi expressed the view that China and Germany should approach and handle their bilateral relations from a strategic plane. German Chancellor Kohl also said that Germany and China share a special relationship and could do much together in many spheres. During Qiao Shi's visits to Switerland and Austria, the leaders of these two countries also expressed their willingness to further promote understanding, strengthen cooperation, and develop economic and trade ties with China. Because of its proximity, Southeast Asia has had traditional ties of friendship with China. Recent years have seen a steady growth in exchanges and cooperation between China and some of the Southeast Asian countries on the economic and trade fronts. Thus, strengthening and developing ties of friendship and cooperation with Southeast Asian countries is not only conducive to the maintenance of peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region but is in the fundamental interest of the peoples of China and the Southeast Asian countries. China has always attached great importance to its ties of friendship and cooperation with Southeast Asian countries. CMC Vice Chairman Liu Huaqing visited Thailand and Indonesia recently and made a brief stopover

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Article Views U.S. Secretary's Visit, MFN, Human Rights Part Two

People Unemployed If the United States revokes China's MFN status over human rights issues and if China responds with trade retaliations by doubling import duties on imported U.S. goods, U.S. goods will lose their competitiveness in the Chinese market, which in turn will cost 170,000 to 200,000 jobs in the United States. The U.S. market will be deprived of cheap but good China-made goods, and each of the 94 million U.S. families will pay an average of $170 more annually in consumer goods purchases. If Sino-U.S. relations are destabilized, it will be difficult for U.S. businessmen to invest and do business in China. Manufacturers of other countries will have gained a secure footing in the Chinese market by the time the United States wakes up and renews China's MFN status three or five years later. The Clinton administration will not solve any problems by revoking China's MFN status over human rights issues. On the contrary, it will create new problems and troubles. Will U.S. industrial and commercial sectors sit back and watch the Chinese market being taken over by other Western countries? Will the Republican Party, which represents the interests of industrial and commercial sectors, allow the Clinton administration to isolate the United States in the Asia-Pacific region? The Need To Cooperate With China on International Issues For the sake of U.S. security in the Asia-Pacific region, the United States cannot revoke China's MFN status. Revoking China's MFN status will cause Sino-U.S. relations to deteriorate and will obstruct Sino-U.S. cooperation in various areas. From the late 1980's to the early 1990's, a considerable number of Americans thought that with the end of the Cold War, China had ceased to have any strategic value for the United States. Now, however, it seems that China still has strategic value for the United States; moreover, there are needs and bases for cooperation between the two sides on many international issues. The United States may have to double its efforts, though with fewer results, if China's cooperation is not available on some important international issues. If it is seeking China's cooperation on international issues, the United States should not isolate and undermine China. It may be necessary for the United States to maintain some suitably reasonable pressure on China over human rights [dui mei guo lai shuo, dui zhong guo zai ren quan fang mian shi dang bao chi yi xie he li di

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Editorial Views Human Rights, U.S. Secretary's Visit

United States not only makes demands verbally, but at the same time supports some troublemakers in intentionally making trouble within the territory of China. With voices from the outside and the inside, they create all kinds of so- called "human rights" incidents in a planned way as a pretext for taking further interfering action. In 1989, U.S. officials repeatedly met with Fang Lizhi, Wang Dan, and others, and closely collaborated with them in making trouble. Last August, when China made a bid for the Olympic Games, Han Dongfang, who has close ties with U.S. labor unions, collaborated by attempting to return to the mainland via Hong Kong to "promote democratic movements." After he had failed in an attempt to steal through customs and had his passport withdrawn, some people in Hong Kong held gatherings and processions to show support. Hong Kong Governor Chris Patten gave a speech attacking China. This year, on the eve of the U.S. secretary of state's China visit, some Americans went from Hong Kong to Henan's Fangcheng County and carried out illegal missionary activities there. They had overnight gatherings, made videotapes, and faxed records of their activities back to Hong Kong in different batches and at different periods. As they would not listen to the warning by the quarters concerned, action was taken to enforce the law, but the Americans immediately responded by lumping that togethre with the MFN status. A few days ago, the United States sent Assistant Secretary of State Shattuck to Beijing to "prepare" for Christopher's China visit. That was an official visit on which he should have respected diplomatic protocol by being with the host on his itinerary and schedule. Shattuck, however, went to meet with opponents of the Chinese Government, and discussed with them whether or not to grant MFN status to China. Some of them suggested that the United States cancel China's MFN status; others even wished to arrange for meetings between the secretary of state and the dissidents. Does the United States want a sincere dialogue with the Chinese Government, or is it attempting to do something to support the dissidents by making use of the visit to send them a political gift and give them support with a view to achieving the political aim of interfering in China's politics? Any country must safeguard its sovereignty and security, keep its internal affairs from outside interference, and allow no foreign

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Editorial Views Human Rights, U.S. Secretary's Visit

different periods. As they would not listen to the warning by the quarters concerned, action was taken to enforce the law, but the Americans immediately responded by lumping that togethre with the MFN status. A few days ago, the United States sent Assistant Secretary of State Shattuck to Beijing to "prepare" for Christopher's China visit. That was an official visit on which he should have respected diplomatic protocol by being with the host on his itinerary and schedule. Shattuck, however, went to meet with opponents of the Chinese Government, and discussed with them whether or not to grant MFN status to China. Some of them suggested that the United States cancel China's MFN status; others even wished to arrange for meetings between the secretary of state and the dissidents. Does the United States want a sincere dialogue with the Chinese Government, or is it attempting to do something to support the dissidents by making use of the visit to send them a political gift and give them support with a view to achieving the political aim of interfering in China's politics? Any country must safeguard its sovereignty and security, keep its internal affairs from outside interference, and allow no foreign country to support political dissidents in making trouble, let alone Wei Jingsheng, who is a parolee who still has to observe parole regulations. Now that he has violated the regulations, the Chinese public security authorities, naturally, could take legitimate summoning measures in accordance with law. The fact that the United States attempted to interfere in China's legal procedures and parole regulations, and to put China's judicial organs under its control naturally has violated international law. Clause number seven under article two of the UN Charter provides for the safeguarding of state sovereignty. It reads: "This Charter must not be considered as empowering the United Nations to interfere in any affairs that are of nature within the jurisdiction of a country." The human rights question involves the enforcement of law and is the internal affair of a country. If a foreign country is allowed to interfere in the internal affairs of a country as it wishes, it will lose its sovereignty, its political situation will become turbulent, and it will lose the right of national development, and in turn personal human rights will have no guarantee. Facts of aggression and intervention in the Third World explain this well. The developing situations

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Editorial Views Human Rights, U.S. Secretary's Visit

country to support political dissidents in making trouble, let alone Wei Jingsheng, who is a parolee who still has to observe parole regulations. Now that he has violated the regulations, the Chinese public security authorities, naturally, could take legitimate summoning measures in accordance with law. The fact that the United States attempted to interfere in China's legal procedures and parole regulations, and to put China's judicial organs under its control naturally has violated international law. Clause number seven under article two of the UN Charter provides for the safeguarding of state sovereignty. It reads: "This Charter must not be considered as empowering the United Nations to interfere in any affairs that are of nature within the jurisdiction of a country." The human rights question involves the enforcement of law and is the internal affair of a country. If a foreign country is allowed to interfere in the internal affairs of a country as it wishes, it will lose its sovereignty, its political situation will become turbulent, and it will lose the right of national development, and in turn personal human rights will have no guarantee. Facts of aggression and intervention in the Third World explain this well. The developing situations in former Eastern European countires, and in Yugoslavia, also explain this. The United States knows very well how to safeguard its own sovereignty. Although there are seven international human rights pacts, the United States has joined only one, not the other six, because the pacts affect its sovereignty. The United States insists that its Constitution and laws prevail over the human rights pacts and that it is not interfered with by these pacts. On the one hand, it says it is safeguarding "human rights," but on the other, it is violating them. For instance, it carried out the armed aggression against Cuba, kidnapped its president, and bombarded its civilians. In Somalia, it shot women and children with guns. It openly supported cannon attacks on the people-elected parliament and the killing of several hundred people. It has tacitly allowed the slaughters and strikes in the Israeli-occupied territories every day, and has grossly intervened in the political criteria and social patterns of other countries. These countries have no political choice, as their right of choice is dependent on American will and new criteria are set by the U.S.-supported political parties. This U.S.-style "human rights" concept obviously is unacceptable to the Chinese people.

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Guangdong Sees `Record Growth' in Foreign Trade

Language: English Article Type:BFN [Text] Guangdong Province posted record growth in foreign trade last year. The province's two-way trade hit US$46.9 billion (about HK$362.06 billion [Hong Kong dollars]), which breaks down to $19.9 billion worth of imports and $27 billion worth of exports This is an increase of 71 percent for imports and 4 percent for exports over 1992. The export volume ranked first for the eighth consecutive year among China's provinces, municipalities and regions. The figure raised the province's export volume percentage from 24.3 percent in 1992 to 29.4 percent last year. Guangdong signed 19,012 cooperation contracts last year with overseas investors, involving contractual foreign investment worth $34.89 billion, a rise of 47.2 percent and 75.7 percent over 1992, respectively. The province used more than $9.65 billion in foreign investment last year, up 98.6 percent over a year earlier. The figure is about 26.25 percent of the foreign investment used in China. Provincial officials said the growth rates were all unprecedented. There are now 1,000 foreign trade enterprises in Guangdong. Many large foreign trade enterprises have formed trade groups, and 56 foreign enterprises have been singled out to experiment with reform policies. In recent years, Guangdong has been engaged in rationalizing its import and export pattern. As a result, export of primary products have dropped, while export of machinery, electrical and textile products have increased. The province has also increased its imports of infrastructural products raw materials and hi-tech items. Exports of machinery electrical and textile products increased last year and the province also increased its imports of products and raw materials for infrastructural projects. Officials said Guangdong has established close trade and economic relations with more than 50 countries and regions all over the world, and the province's exports have be come more diversified. Following the reform and liberalization efforts, Guangdong has remained a favoured area for foreign investment for more than a decade. Investment now pours in from over 70 countries and regions worldwide. While investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan keeps increasing, some developed countries like Japan, Sweden, Canada, Australia and Britain have also raised their investments by large margins. Overseas investors are showing more interest in the province's telecommunications, energy, transportation, real estate, commerce, trade and tourism sectors. The number of large and technology-intensive investment projects has increased. Some translational corporations and financial groups have invested heavily in Guangdong's power projects as well as

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Yunnan To Introduce Measures To Boost Foreign Trade

21st Century, Southeast Asia will be one of the world's most vibrant economic centres. With its advantages in geography and natural resources, Yunnan wants to develop its economy so that it capture its share of the trade in the Asian-Pacific Region. To reach this objective, the province will take the following measures: 1. Adjust the industrial structure to suit the development of export-oriented economy and transform raw material industries into raw material processing industries. A Southeast Asia-oriented industrial system to produce such daily necessities like beverages, rubber and wood products, garments, textiles, shoes and building materials, will be established. 2. Attract more foreign investment through sponsorship of import and export trade fairs in the province and overseas. The province had approved a total of 682 foreign-funded enterprises with a contractual value of $1.46 billion by November of last year. A total of 407 such enterprises were approved in 1993, attracting $938 million of foreign funds, nearly twice as much as the total of the past 13 years. Yunnan's exports valued $21 million in 1993. In addition to the first import and export trade fair in Kunming, the province organized fairs in Singapore, Northern Europe and Hong Kong last year. The Kunming fair attracted 5,169 businessmen from 45 countries and regions and sealed $1.57 billion worth of trade contracts. Most of the traders were from Southeast Asian countries, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. The Kunming fair has become one of the country's most important trade fairs, together with the Guangzhou fair in the south, Shanghai fair in the east, Urumqi fair in the west and Harbin fair in the north. 3. Establishing various markets to promote commodity and material exchange in a bid to link up with the rest of the world. Over the past years, 3,096 markets covering agricultural and side-line products, information, capital and properties have been set up in the province. Specialized markets in machinery, tobacco and cigarettes, sugar and tea, and information have seen brisk business. 4. More to be done to boost border trade. The border trade value was 2.27 billion yuan ($260 million) in 1992, up 35 per cent over the previous year and making up 30 per cent of Yunnan's total foreign trade. Menghai County earned 100 million yuan ($11 million) in border trade in the first eight months of last year, up 11 times over the previous year. 6. More attention to be

FBIS3-2407_0

Yunnan Secretary Views Plan To Develop Export Industries

Language: English Article Type:BFN [By Pu Chaozhu, secretary of the Provincial CPC Committee: "Province To Develop Its Export Industries"] [Text] Yunnan hopes to rejuvenate its economy by developing export-oriented industries and opening up domestic and world markets. The province has set up the Beijing Yunnan Economic and Trade Promotion Corporation Limited in Beijing to help develop Yunnan's export-oriented economy and to establish trade ties with countries like the Commonwealth of Independent States. Over the past decade, the province has achieved significant progress in economic development. Its gross domestic product increased from 6.9 billion yuan ($793 million) in 1979 to 64.8 billion yuan ($7.4 billion) last year. The annual revenue jumped from 1.1 billion yuan ( $126 million) to 20 billion yuan ($2.2 billion) during the same period. Moreover, the province invested more than 10 billion yuan ($1.1 billion) in a number of infrastructure projects involving communications, energy, telecommunications and water conservation. Yunnan's foreign trade was valued at $840 million including 2.8 billion yuan ($321 million) of border trade deals in 1993. Located on the Southwest border of China, the province is rich in natural resources. It is well aware of its potential to become an export-orientated economy. Last year, the province produced 874,000 tons of tobacco, 5.3 cases of cigarettes 92,000 tons of rubber, 63,000 tons of tea, 750,000 tons of tropical fruit,270,000 tons of nonferrous metals and 5 million tons of phosphate ores. There's been a boost in exports to Southwest and South Asia, Europe, Australia and the United States. And the province also aims to concentrate on opening up markets in North, Northeast and Northwest China. Yunnan plans to adjust its industrial structure to develop perfume, pharmaceutical, building material and wood processing industries. Yunnan, which has a population of more than 38 million, has an abundance of biological, mineral and energy resources. Sharing a long land border with Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar and linked to Thailand and Cambodia by the same river, the province is China's gateway to Southeast Asia. With its neighbours keen to foster trade links, Yunnan is in a good position to take an active part in cross border trade. The government has recently worked out a plan to speed up the pace of development in the western part of the country in the 1990s. To implement the plan, five of China's southwestern regions, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangxi and Tibet, are working together to enhance