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eng

Effect of cuff inflation with lidocaine, saline, and air on tracheal tube cuff pressure during laparoscopic resection of colorectal neoplasms: a randomized clinical trial.

Tracheal tube cuff pressure will increase after pneumoperitoneum when the cuff is inflated with air, high pressure can cause tracheal mucosal damage. This prospective trial aimed to assess if inflating with normal saline or lidocaine can prevent increase of tracheal tube cuff pressure and tracheal mucosal damage in laparoscopic surgeries with general anesthesia. Whether changes of tracheal tube cuff transverse diameter (CD) can predict changes of tracheal tube cuff pressure.

['D006801', 'D015179', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D008012', 'D007442', 'D005260', 'D010535', 'D011446', 'D000077330', 'D011312', 'D000388', 'D000368', 'D000779', 'D000768', 'D000328', 'D011028']

eng

Effect of pericapsular nerve group block and suprainguinal fascia iliaca block on postoperative analgesia and stress response in elderly patients undergoing hip arthroplasty: a prospective randomized controlled double-blind trial.

As a novel regional analgesic technique, ultrasound-guided pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block has some potential advantages, and we designed a randomized clinical trial (RCT) to investigate whether the ultrasound-guided PENG block combined with general anesthesia can better reduce stress response, maintain intraoperative hemodynamic stability, and reduce postoperative analgesia in elderly hip arthroplasty compared with ultrasound-guided suprainguinal fascia iliaca block (SIFIB) combined with general anesthesia.

['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D004311', 'D009407', 'D011446', 'D019644', 'D010149', 'D018084', 'D000768', 'D005205', 'D013312', 'D000369']

eng

The efficacy of lumbar erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia management in patients undergoing lumbar unilateral bi-portal endoscopic surgery: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

The efficacy and reliability of erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in posterior open lumbar spine surgery has been demonstrated; however, few randomized controlled trials of lumbar ESPB (L-ESPB) in lumbar unilateral bi-portal endoscopic (UBE) surgery have been reported.

['D006801', 'D008297', 'D010149', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D009407', 'D000328', 'D011446', 'D000701', 'D008159', 'D016058', 'D000077212', 'D004724', 'D000779', 'D018084', 'D000368', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D007052', 'D064170']

dan

[Not Available].

This is a case report of a 66-year-old male patient with spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 and a family history of anaesthesia-related death was anaesthetised with total intravenous anaesthesia and neuromuscular blockade for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Anaesthesia and surgery were uneventful. In the post-anesthesia care unit, the patient developed acute respiratory distress and was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for mechanical ventilation. He recovered respiratorically and was released from the ICU after four days. Risks associated with anaesthesia in patients with neurodegenerative disorders should be considered before performing surgery.

['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D000768', 'D017081']

eng

Effects of perioperative magnesium on postoperative analgesia following thoracic surgery: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

To evaluate the analgesic effects of intravenous magnesium in patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) were systematically identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library from inception to May 1st, 2023. The primary outcome was the effect of intravenous magnesium on the severity of postoperative pain at 24 hours following surgery, while the secondary outcomes included association between intravenous magnesium and pain severity at other time points, morphine consumption, and haemodynamic changes. Meta-analysis of seven RCTs published between 2007 and 2019, involving 549 adults, showed no correlation between magnesium and pain scores at 1-4 (standardized mean difference [SMD]=-0.06; p=0.58), 8-12 (SMD=-0.09; p=0.58), 24 (SMD=-0.16; p=0.42), and 48 (SMD=-0.27; p=0.09) hours post-surgery. Perioperative magnesium resulted in lower equivalent morphine consumption at 24 hours post-surgery (mean difference [MD]=-25.22 mg; p=0.04) and no effect at 48 hours (MD=-4.46 mg; p=0.19). Magnesium decreased heart rate (MD = -5.31 beats/min; p=0.0002) after tracheal intubation or after surgery, but had no effect on postoperative blood pressure (MD=-6.25 mmHg; p=0.11). There was a significantly higher concentration of magnesium in the magnesium group compared with that in the placebo group (MD = 0.91 mg/dL; p<0.00001). This meta-analysis provides evidence supporting perioperative magnesium as an analgesic adjuvant at 24 hours following thoracic surgery, but no opioid-sparing effect at 48 hours post-surgery. The severity of postoperative pain did not significantly differ between any of the postoperative time points, irrespective of magnesium. Further research on perioperative magnesium in various surgical settings is needed.

['D006801', 'D010149', 'D008274', 'D016032', 'D019616', 'D000698']

eng

Comparative analysis of the analgesic effects of intercostal nerve block, ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block, and epidural block following single-port thoracoscopic lung surgery.

In this study, we compared the analgesic effects of intercostal nerve block (ICNB), ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block (PVB), and epidural block (EB) following single-port thoracoscopic lung surgery.

['D006801', 'D009407', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D007367', 'D018084', 'D010149', 'D020775', 'D000368', 'D010147', 'D000328', 'D013906', 'D008168']

eng

Safety of propofol-assisted deep extubation in the dental treatment of children-a retrospective, observational study.

Awake extubation and deep extubation are commonly used anesthesia techniques. In this study, the safety of propofol-assisted deep extubation in the dental treatment of children was assessed.

['D006801', 'D060666', 'D002675', 'D012189', 'D015742', 'D002648', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D018686', 'D000768', 'D011183', 'D007826', 'D007442', 'D000766']

chi

[Effectiveness and safety of multimodal analgesia in open gastrostomy in patients with end-stage head and neck cancer].

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness and safety of multimodal analgesia in patients with end-stage head and neck cancer in open gastrostomy surgery. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial. From June to December 2023, 50 patients with end-stage head and neck cancer who underwent elective open gastrostomy surgery in Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were prospectively selected. The patients were divided into multimodal analgesia group and local anesthesia group using the random number table method according to different anesthesia methods, with 25 cases in each group. In multimodal analgesia group, a multimodal analgesia regimen was adopted: ultrasound-guided abdominal wall nerve block (rectus sheath block and transverse abdominis plane block)+intravenous injection of oxycodone+intravenous injection of flurbiprofen axetil and dexamethasone. In local anesthesia group, local infiltration anesthesia with ropivacaine was adopted. The main outcome measure was the incidence of intraoperative pain numeric rating scale (NRS) score>3 points in the two groups. The secondary observation indicators included NRS score and hemodynamic indexes [mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR)] at various time points during surgery [before anesthesia (T0), at the time of incision (T1), 10 minutes after surgery (T2), during gastric body traction (T3), and at the end of surgery (T4)], incidence of adverse reactions, postoperative patient satisfaction score, as well as the NRS scores at rest and activity (coughing) within 24 hours after surgery. Results: The multimodal analgesia group included 21 males and 4 females, aged (61.4±9.9) years. There were 19 males and 6 females in the local anesthesia group, aged (58.6±10.8) years. The incidence of intraoperative NRS score>3 points and the incidence of salvage analgesia in the multimodal analgesia group were both 12.0% (3/25), which were lower than 60.0% (15/25) in the local anesthesia group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.001); The NRS score [M (Q1, Q3)] at T3 in the multimodal analgesia group was 2 (2, 3) points, which were lower than 5 (3, 6) points in the local anesthesia group (P<0.05). There were smaller variabilities in MAP and HR in the multimodal analgesia group than those in the local anesthesia group (all P<0.05). The incidence of intraoperative tachycardia, surgical traction reaction, and nausea in the multimodal analgesia group was lower than that in the local anesthesia group (all P<0.05). The postoperative satisfaction score of patients in the multimodal analgesia group was (9.25±0.71) points, which were higher than (7.33±0.87) points in the local anesthesia group (P<0.001). NRS score during postoperative activity within 24 hours in the multimodal analgesia group were (2.36±0.75) points, which were lower than (3.03±0.81) points of the local anesthesia group (P=0.005). No adverse reactions such as urinary retention, nausea, vomiting and dizziness occurred in both groups. Conclusion: Compared with local anesthesia, the multimodal analgesic strategy could provide better analgesic effect and longer duration, better hemodynamic stability, and fewer intraoperative adverse reactions in patients with end-stage head and neck cancer undergoing open gastrostomy.

['D006801', 'D006258', 'D000698', 'D009407', 'D005774', 'D008297', 'D000772', 'D010149', 'D005260', 'D059408', 'D011446', 'D000779', 'D008875', 'D010147']

chi

[Ultrasonic convex array probe applied to increase success rate of external cephalic version without anesthesia].

Objective: To explore the feasibility of using ultrasonic convex array probe compressing abdominal wall to increase success rate of external cephalic version (ECV) without anesthesia in full-term and near-term pregnancy. Methods: Totally 190 singleton and non-cephalic presentation pregnant women in 36-39+4 weeks of gestation performed ECV from April 2019 to August 2023 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were analyzed. According to whether use the ultrasound probe compressing fetal breech or not, the pregnant women were divided into two groups: 81 cases in the probe-compressing group (including primipara 61 cases and multipara 20 cases) and 109 cases in the non-probe-compressing group(including primipara 72 cases and multipara 37 cases). Clinical data, ECV related factors and complications were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results: (1) The overall success rate of ECV was 64.2% (122/190). There was no significant difference in the success rate of ECV between probe-compressing group and non-probe-compressing group [69.1% (56/81) vs 60.6% (66/109), χ2=1.490, P=0.222]. The total vaginal delivery rate after successful ECV was 81.1% (99/122), while 71.1% (54/76) in primipara and 97.8% (45/46) in multipara, respectively. (2) Compare to the non-probe-compressing group, the success rate of ECV in primipara was significantly higher in the probe-compressing group [45.8% (33/72) vs 70.5% (43/61)], but the gestational age was shorter and the height was higher in the probe-compressing group (all P<0.05). The success rate of ECV of multipara in the probe-compressing group (65.0%, 13/20) was lower than that in the non-probe-compressing group (89.2%, 33/37), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). (3) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that abdominal wall compressed by ultrasound probe (OR=2.601, 95%CI: 1.113-6.075; P=0.027) and amniotic fluid index (AFI; OR=1.010, 95%CI: 1.001-1.020; P=0.028) were positive factors for the successful rate of ECV in primipara pregnant women. (4) The main complication of ECV was transient fetal heart rate reduction (8.9%,17/190), the incidence in the probe-compressing group was significantly higher than that in the non-probe-compressing group [14.8% (12/81) vs 4.6% (5/109); χ2=5.967, P=0.015]. No statistical differences were found in rates of complications between the ECV successful and unsuccessful pregnant women, and between probe-compressing and non-probe-compressing groups (all P>0.05). No adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes related to ECV were observed. Conclusions: The ultrasonic convex array probe compressing could significantly improve the success rate of ECV in primipara without increasing the incidence of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. The success rate of ECV in primipara is influenced by AFI and operation mode.

['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D014710', 'D000328', 'D016216', 'D000758', 'D011256', 'D005240', 'D007746']

eng

Regional anaesthesia for district hospitals and clinics.

Pain is a common reason that patients seek care in the emergency department (ED). Regional anaesthesia in the form of nerve blocks provides an excellent alternative to traditional forms of analgesia, and may be superior in managing musculoskeletal pain compared to opioids. Adequate pain management improves patient satisfaction, facilitates examination and minor procedures, and allows for earlier and safe discharge. In low resource settings this modality is underutilised due to lack of trained providers and/or support from specialised services, shortages of equipment, and lack of context-sensitive guidelines. Advances in ultrasound guided regional anaesthesia has the potential to improve access to safe and reliable anaesthesia. It is often not accessible or an active part of training even for emergency physicians. There are, however, a number of nerve blocks that are easy to learn, don't require specialised equipment, and can be readily applied in EDs for minor procedures and longer acting forms of analgesia. Nerve blocks more applicable in the operating theatre or best done under ultrasound guidance are mentioned but not discussed in this article. This continuous professional development (CPD) article aims to provide guidance with respect to several key areas related to more commonly used types of regional anaesthesia in district level services. We discuss the importance of good clinical practice including thorough preparation of equipment and the patient to avoid common complications, clinical indications for regional blocks in the ED, local anaesthetic agents, different techniques for some common regional blocks, potential complications, and the need for a trained interprofessional team.

['D006801', 'D000765', 'D009407', 'D006767', 'D059408', 'D018084', 'D000779', 'D004636']

eng

Lumbar Sympathetic Block for Treatment of Knee Pain From Synovial Plica Syndrome: A Case Report.

Lumbar sympathetic blocks (LSBs) are used to treat sympathetically mediated pain in the lower extremities, kidneys, ureters, and genitals. LSBs use local anesthetic to block the sympathetic system to modulate pain response. In this case report, an avid runner was diagnosed with synovial plica syndrome. His pain was refractory to arthroscopic plica excision, physical therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and intraarticular steroid injections. He received 3 rounds of LSB resulting in significant and sustained pain relief. This case suggests that LSB successfully treated knee pain from synovial plica syndrome and there may be a sympathetic component to this disease state.

['D006801', 'D008297', 'D001340', 'D007719', 'D013577']

eng

Attenuation of acute postoperative pain and opioid requirement with the use of magnesium sulfate in patients undergoing limb amputations.

To compare the effects of magnesium sulphate on the total dose of intravenous morphine consumption postoperatively following limb amputations along with rescue analgesia requirement, pain scores and side effects.

['D006801', 'D010149', 'D008278', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000701', 'D000328', 'D009020', 'D011446', 'D000671', 'D010147', 'D008875', 'D016058', 'D055815', 'D059787']

chi

[Effects of Dexmedetomidine on the Recovery Quality of Donors Undergoing Pure Laparoscopic Donor Hepatectomy].

To investigate the effects of intraoperative intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on the recovery quality of donors undergoing pure laparoscopic donor hepatectomy.

['D020927', 'D006801', 'D006498', 'D010535', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D019520', 'D016031', 'D006993', 'D000762']

eng

Up-and-Down Determination of Different Crystalloid Coload Volumes on the ED 90 of Prophylactic Norepinephrine Infusion for Preventing Postspinal Anesthesia Hypotension During Cesarean Section.

Fluid loading improves hemodynamic stability and reduces the incidence rate of post-spinal anesthesia hypotension when prophylactic vasopressors are administered. We investigated the impact of different crystalloid coload volumes on the 90% effective dose (ED) of prophylactic norepinephrine infusion for preventing post-spinal anesthesia hypotension in non-hypertensive patients undergoing cesarean section.

['D006801', 'D002585', 'D007022', 'D009638', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D000077324', 'D000775', 'D011247', 'D007262', 'D004305']

eng

Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation on motor function in patients with spinal cord injury: A meta-analysis.

It has been suggested that transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is effective in the rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the evidence is mainly based on case reports.

['D013119', 'D006801', 'D062187', 'D004561', 'D016032', 'D017063']

eng

Retrospective Evaluation of the Effects of Local Anesthesia Before Tooth Extraction Procedures under General Anesthesia on Physiologic Parameters and Postoperative Bleeding in Children.

Studies have been conducted to evaluate changes in hemodynamics, postoperative bleeding, and pain in pediatric dental patients receiving general anesthesia (GA). However, a limited number of studies have evaluated the effects of local anesthetics (LA) on tooth extraction procedures during GA. There is no consensus in the literature regarding LA application in the perioperative period for dental treatments performed within the scope of GA.

['D006801', 'D014081', 'D012189', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000768', 'D002648', 'D002675', 'D000772', 'D019106', 'D000779', 'D006339']

eng

Analgesia for emergency laparotomy: a systematic review.

Aims/Background Poorly controlled pain is common after emergency laparotomy. It causes distress, hinders rehabilitation, and predisposes to complications: prolonged hospitalisation, persistent pain, and reduced quality of life. The aim of this systematic review was to compare the relative efficacies of pre-emptive analgesia for emergency laparotomy to inform practice. Methods We performed a search of MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science and SCOPUS for comparator studies of preoperative/intraoperative interventions to control/reduce postoperative pain in adults undergoing emergency laparotomy (EL) for general surgical pathologies. Exclusion criteria: surgery including non-abdominal sites; postoperative sedation and/or intubation; non-formal assessment of pain; non-English manuscripts. All manuscripts were screened by two investigators. Results We identified 2389 papers. Following handsearching and removal of duplicates, 1147 were screened. None were eligible for inclusion, with many looking at elective and/or laparoscopic surgeries. Conclusion Our findings indicate there is no evidence base for pre-emptive analgesic strategies in emergency laparotomy. This contrasts substantially with elective cohorts. Potential reasons include variation in practice, management of physiological derangement taking priority, and perceived contraindications to neuraxial techniques. We urge a review of contemporary practice, with analysis of clinical data, to generate expert consensus.

['D006801', 'D007813', 'D010149', 'D000698', 'D059408', 'D004630', 'D000700', 'D000701']

eng

Perioperative impact of ultrasound-guided ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve blocks in patients undergoing pelvic fracture surgery.

Pelvic fractures present a severe and complex clinical challenge. This study aimed to compare ultrasound-guided ilioinguinal (IIN) and iliohypogastric nerve (IHN) blocks with conventional general anesthesia (GA) in patients undergoing internal fixation surgery for pelvic fractures. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 100 patients equally divided into ultrasound-guided and control groups. The study monitored hemodynamics, intraoperative anesthesia drug usage, postoperative pain levels, and the incidence of adverse reactions between the 2 groups. The ultrasound-guided group underwent ultrasound-guided IHN and IIN blocks combined with GA. The ultrasound-guided group exhibited significant advantages for hemodynamic measurements at specific time points, lower consumption of Propofol and Remifentanil, and reduced pain intensity across all evaluated time intervals (P < .05). The incidence rate of adverse reactions was significantly lower in the ultrasound group (P = .016). Ultrasound-guided anesthesia is a superior alternative to conventional GA for managing pelvic fractures through internal fixation surgery. It offers advantages in terms of hemodynamic stability, drug consumption, postoperative pain management, and adverse reaction reduction.

['D006801', 'D009407', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D050723', 'D018084', 'D000328', 'D010384', 'D008875', 'D010149', 'D005593', 'D000768']

eng

Hydromorphone combined with ropivacaine for erector spinae plane block in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy: A prospective randomized controlled trial.

Combining hydromorphone with ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane blocks enhances postoperative analgesia and reduces interleukin-6 expression in breast surgery patients.

['D006801', 'D000077212', 'D005260', 'D004091', 'D008875', 'D009407', 'D010149', 'D011446', 'D000779', 'D001943', 'D015411', 'D000701', 'D000328', 'D015850', 'D064170', 'D018084', 'D004359', 'D010147']

eng

Semirecumbent Positioning During Anesthesia Recovery and Postoperative Hypoxemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

The efficacy of a semirecumbent position (SRP) in reducing postoperative hypoxemia during anesthesia emergence is unclear despite its widespread use.

['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000860', 'D011183', 'D056888', 'D000328', 'D000762', 'D000768', 'D002681', 'D010535', 'D016683', 'D000005']

eng

A review of prospective studies regarding percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation treatment in the management of chronic pain.

Conventionally, peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) for treatment of chronic pain has involved a two-stage process: a short-term (e.g., 7 days) trial and, if significant pain relief is achieved, a permanent PNS system is implanted. A percutaneous PNS treatment is now available where a coiled lead may be implanted for up to 60 days with the goal of producing sustained relief. In the present review, published prospective trials using percutaneous PNS treatment were identified and synthesized. The collected evidence indicates that percutaneous PNS treatment for up to 60 days provides durable clinically significant improvements in pain and pain interference. Similar efficacy across diverse targets and etiologies supports the broad applicability for use within the chronic pain population using this nonopioid technology.

['D006801', 'D059350', 'D004561', 'D059408', 'D010525', 'D011446', 'D016896']

eng

A novel approach to ear pain in the horse: A case report.

During electrochemotherapy (ECT), a chemotherapeutic drug is injected into the tumor and then an electroporation is provided. In horses, ear manipulation may be very painful, and combining a loco-regional technique with sedation might be a good option to avoid anesthesia-related risks. A two-injection-point block of the internal and external pinna and acoustic meatus was described in horse cadavers, and it permitted complete stain of all three branches of the great auricular nerve (GAN), internal auricular nerve branch (IAB), lateral auricular branch (LAB), and caudal auricular nerve (CAN), suggesting a lower risk of intra-parotid injection during the IAB and LAB block.

['D006736', 'D000818', 'D006734', 'D008297', 'D053672', 'D010146', 'D000077212', 'D000779', 'D009407']

eng

Is casting of displaced paediatric distal forearm fractures non-inferior to reduction under general anaesthesia? Study protocol for a pragmatic, randomized, controlled non-inferiority multicentre trial (the casting trial).

Treatment of displaced distal forearm fractures in children has traditionally been closed reduction and pin fixation, although they might heal and remodel without surgery with no functional impairment. No randomized controlled trials have been published comparing the patient-reported functional outcome following non-surgical or surgical treatment of displaced paediatric distal forearm fractures.

['D006801', 'D002648', 'D002675', 'D011885', 'D002370', 'D016896', 'D000768', 'D064792', 'D015337', 'D014458', 'D000074099', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D013997', 'D017102', 'D005592', 'D000367', 'D005543', 'D020127', 'D000092503']

eng

Effect of dural puncture epidural block technique on fetal heart rate variability during labor analgesia.

To explore the effect of dural puncture epidural (DPE) block technique on fetal heart rate variability (HRV) during labor analgesia.

['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D006340', 'D015360', 'D016362', 'D000328', 'D007231', 'D001034', 'D010147', 'D004388', 'D007743']

eng

A progress of research on the application of fascial plane blocks in surgeries and their future direction: a review article.

Fascial plane blocks (FPBs) are gaining popularity in clinical settings owing to their improved analgesia when combined with either traditional regional anesthesia or general anesthesia during the perioperative phase. The scope of study on FPBs has substantially increased over the past 20 years, yet the exact mechanism, issues linked to the approaches, and direction of future research on FPBs are still up for debate. Given that it can be performed at all levels of the spine and provides analgesia to most areas of the body, the erector spinae plane block, one of the FPBs, has been extensively studied for chronic rational pain, visceral pain, abdominal surgical analgesia, imaging, and anatomical mechanisms. This has led to the contention that the erector spinae plane block is the ultimate Plan A block. Yet even though the future of FPBs is promising, the unstable effect, the probability of local anesthetic poisoning, and the lack of consensus on the definition and assessment of the FPB's success are still the major concerns. In order to precisely administer FPBs to patients who require analgesia in this condition, an algorithm that uses artificial intelligence is required. This algorithm will assist healthcare professionals in practicing precision medicine.

['D006801', 'D009407', 'D059408', 'D000779', 'D010149', 'D005205']

eng

Tension between continuous and deep sedation and assistance in dying: a national survey of intensive care professionals' perceptions.

The situation in France is unique, having a legal framework for continuous and deep sedation (CDS). However, its use in intensive care units (ICU), combined with the withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies, still raises ethical issues, particularly its potential to hasten death. The legalization of assistance in dying, i.e., assisted suicide or euthanasia at the patient's request, is currently under discussion in France. The objectives of this national survey were first, to assess whether ICU professionals perceive CDS administered to ICU patients as a practice that hastens death, in addition to relieving unbearable suffering, and second, to assess ICU professionals' perceptions of assistance in dying.

['D006801', 'D054810', 'D001291', 'D005602', 'D017236', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D003422', 'D011795', 'D000328', 'D007362', 'D008875', 'D010820', 'D013727', 'D005065', 'D060666', 'D009726']

eng

Efficacy for Lidocaine and Articaine in Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block - A Comparative Study.

Compare the efficacy of 2% lidocaine with adrenaline (1:200,000) and 4% articaine with adrenaline (1:100,000) in inferior alveolar nerve block prior to extraction of bilateral teeth posterior to canine in interval of one week.

['D006801', 'D002355', 'D008012', 'D000779', 'D009407', 'D008340', 'D004837', 'D000328', 'D000766', 'D055815', 'D008297', 'D003791', 'D003782', 'D010147', 'D005260', 'D014081', 'D014662', 'D000293', 'D003481', 'D013997', 'D016896']

eng

Artificial intelligence and nonoperating room anesthesia.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in nonoperating room anesthesia (NORA) represents a timely and significant advancement. As the demand for NORA services expands, the application of AI is poised to improve patient selection, perioperative care, and anesthesia delivery. This review examines AI's growing impact on NORA and how it can optimize our clinical practice in the near future.

['D006801', 'D001185', 'D000758', 'D018570', 'D019990', 'D000776', 'D018579']

eng

The Effectiveness of Quadratus Lumborum and Fascia Iliaca Blocks on Patient Outcomes in Hip Arthroplasty.

Hip arthroplasty is a common procedure with high costs and difficult rehabilitation. It causes postoperative pain, and this can reduce mobility which extends in-patient time. An optimal analgesia regime is crucial to identify. Opioids produce effective pain relief but are associated with nausea, vomiting, and respiratory depression which can hinder physiotherapy and discharge. Finding alternatives has been of interest in recent years, particularly fascial blocks. These are anaesthetic injections beneath fascia which spread to nerves providing pain relief from surgery and are used with a general or spinal anaesthetic. Two of these blocks which are of interest to total hip arthroplasty are the quadratus lumborum block and fascia iliaca block. Studies have investigated the effectiveness of these blocks through patient factors, primarily pain scores, opioid consumption, and other secondary outcomes such as ambulation and length of stay. This review takes a narrative approach and investigates the literature around the topic. Pain and opioid consumption were the most widely reported outcomes, reported in 90% and 86% of studies. 83% of these studies reported positive effects on pain scores when FIB was utilised. 80% of these studies reported positive effects on opioid consumption when FIB was used. When QLB block was utilised, pain and opioid consumption were positively impacted in 82% of studies. This paper has been written with the intention of reviewing current literature to give an impression of the effectiveness of the blocks and propose potential areas for future work on the blocks.

['D006801', 'D009407', 'D019644', 'D010149', 'D000009', 'D005205', 'D059408']

eng

Identifying opportunities for global surgery in Cameroon: an analysis of existing health policies and events.

the burden of diseases amenable to surgery, obstetrics, trauma, and anesthesia (SOTA) care is increasing globally but low- and middle-income countries are disproportionately affected. The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery proposed National Surgical, Obstetrics, and Anesthesia Plans as national policies to reduce the global SOTA burden. These plans are dependent on comprehensive stakeholder engagement and health policy analysis. Objective: in this study, we analyzed existing national health policies and events in Cameroon to identify opportunities for SOTA policies.

['D002163', 'D006801', 'D006291', 'D003695', 'D013514', 'D014943', 'D014947', 'D000758', 'D011050']

eng

Therapeutic Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Selective Nerve Block on Chronic Cervical Radiculopathy.

Background and Objectives: Cervical radiculopathy (CR) manifests as pain and sensorimotor disturbances in the upper extremities, often resulting from nerve root compression due to intervertebral disc herniation, degenerative changes, or trauma. While conservative treatments are initially preferred, persistent or severe cases may require surgical intervention. Ultrasound-guided selective nerve root block (SNRB) has emerged as a promising intervention for alleviating symptoms and potentially obviating the need for surgery. This study evaluates the therapeutic efficacy of ultrasound-guided SNRB in managing chronic CR, aiming to determine its potential in symptom relief and delaying or avoiding surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 720 outpatients treated for CR between October 2019 and March 2022. After excluding patients with traumatic CR, previous surgeries, malignancies, progressive neurological symptoms requiring immediate surgery, or inadequate conservative treatment, 92 patients who had experienced cervical radicular pain for more than three months and had failed to improve after more than six weeks of conservative treatment with VAS scores ≥ 5 were included. The patients underwent single or multiple ultrasound-guided SNRB procedures, involving the injection of dexamethasone and lidocaine under real-time ultrasound guidance. Symptom severity was assessed at the baseline, and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-procedure using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The data collected included age, sex, presence of neck and/or radicular pain, physical examination findings, recurrence of symptoms, improvement in symptoms, and whether surgical intervention was ultimately required. Statistical analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with symptom improvement or recurrence. Results: Significant symptom improvement was observed in 69 (75.0%) participants post-SNRB, with 55 (79.7%) showing improvement at 4 weeks, 11 (15.9%) at 8 weeks, and 3 (4.4%) at 12 weeks. Symptom recurrence, defined by an increase in VAS score accompanied by a pain flare lasting at least 24 h after a pain-free interval of at least one month, was noted in 48 (52.2%) patients. The presence of combined neck and radicular pain was a significant predictor of recurrence (p = 0.008). No significant associations were found between symptom relief and factors such as age, gender, initial pain severity, or MRI findings. Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided SNRB effectively manages chronic CR, providing substantial symptom relief and potentially reducing the need for surgical intervention. This technique offers a promising conservative treatment option, especially given its real-time visualization advantages and minimal radiation exposure.

['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D011843', 'D012189', 'D009407', 'D018084', 'D000328', 'D016896', 'D010147', 'D000368', 'D008012', 'D002908', 'D003907']

eng

Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus Reduces Workloads in Labor Analgesia: A Single Center's Experience.

Background and Objectives: Labor epidural analgesia can be maintained through programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB), continuous epidural infusion (CEI), or patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA). Our department changed from CEI+PCEA to PIEB+PCEA as the maintenance method. The higher hourly dose setting in the current regimen brought to our concern that side effects would increase with proportional staff workloads. This study aimed to investigate the validity of our proposal that PIEB+PCEA may function as a feasible tool in reducing the amount of work in the obstetrics anesthesia units. Materials and methods: This 2-year retrospective review included parturients with vaginal deliveries under epidural analgesia. We compared the staff burden before and after the switch from CEI (6 mL/h, PCEA 6 mL lockout 15 min, group A) to PIEB (8 mL/h, PCEA 8 mL lockout 10 min, group B). The primary outcome was the difference of proportion of parturients requiring unscheduled visits between groups. Side effects and labor and neonatal outcomes were compared. Results: Of the 694 parturients analyzed, the proportion of those requiring unscheduled visits were significantly reduced in group B (20.8% vs. 27.7%, chi-square test, p = 0.033). The multivariate logistic regression showed that PIEB was associated with fewer unscheduled visits than CEI (OR = 0.53, 95% CI [0.36-0.80], p < 0.01). Group B exhibited a significantly lower incidence of asymmetric blockade, as well as motor blockade. In nulliparous subjects, obstetric anal sphincter injury occurred less frequently when PIEB+PCEA was used. Significantly more multiparous women experienced vacuum extraction delivery in group B than in group A, and they had a longer second stage of labor. Conclusions: The PIEB+PCEA protocol in our study reduced workloads in labor epidural analgesia as compared to CEI+PCEA, despite that a higher dose of analgesics was administered. Future studies are warranted to investigate the effect of manipulating the PIEB settings on the labor outcomes.

['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D000328', 'D012189', 'D015360', 'D016362', 'D016058', 'D016526', 'D007743']

eng

Impact of Intraoperative Nefopam on Postoperative Pain, Opioid Use, and Recovery Quality with Parietal Pain Block in Single-Port Robotic Cholecystectomy: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background and Objectives: This study explored how nefopam, a non-opioid analgesic in a multimodal regimen, impacts postoperative pain, opioid use, and recovery quality in single-port robot-assisted laparoscopic cholecystectomy (RALC) patients with a parietal pain block, addressing challenges in postoperative pain management. Materials and Methods: Forty patients scheduled for elective single-port RALC were enrolled and randomized to receive either nefopam or normal saline intravenously. Parietal pain relief was provided through a rectus sheath block (RSB). Postoperative pain was assessed using a numeric rating scale (NRS) in the right upper quadrant (RUQ) of the abdomen, at the umbilicus, and at the shoulder. Opioid consumption and recovery quality, measured using the QoR-15K questionnaire, were also recorded. Results: The 40 patients had a mean age of 48.3 years and an average body mass index (BMI) of 26.2 kg/m2. There were no significant differences in the pre- or intraoperative variables between groups. Patients receiving nefopam reported significantly lower RUQ pain scores compared to the controls, while the umbilicus and shoulder pain scores were similar. Rescue fentanyl requirements were lower in the nefopam group in both the PACU and ward. The QoR-15K questionnaire scores for nausea and vomiting were better in the nefopam group, but the overall recovery quality scores were comparable between the groups. Conclusions: Nefopam reduces RUQ pain and opioid use post-single-port RALC with a parietal pain block without markedly boosting RSB's effect on umbilicus or shoulder pain. It may also better manage postoperative nausea and vomiting, underscoring its role in analgesia strategies for this surgery.

['D006801', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D010149', 'D011446', 'D009340', 'D000701', 'D065287', 'D000328', 'D017081', 'D009407', 'D059408', 'D010147', 'D018712']

eng

Dexmedetomidine as a Short-Use Analgesia for the Immature Nervous System.

Pain management in neonates continues to be a challenge. Diverse therapies are available that cause loss of pain sensitivity. However, because of side effects, the search for better options remains open. Dexmedetomidine is a promising drug; it has shown high efficacy with a good safety profile in sedation and analgesia in the immature nervous system. Though dexmedetomidine is already in use for pain control in neonates (including premature neonates) and infants as an adjunct to other anesthetics, the question remains whether it affects the neuronal activity patterning that is critical for development of the immature nervous system. In this study, using the neonatal rat as a model, the pharmacodynamic effects of dexmedetomidine on the nervous and cardiorespiratory systems were studied. Our results showed that dexmedetomidine has pronounced analgesic effects in the neonatal rat pups, and also weakly modified both the immature network patterns of cortical and hippocampal activity and the physiology of sleep cycles. Though the respiration and heart rates were slightly reduced after dexmedetomidine administration, it might be considered as the preferential independent short-term therapy for pain management in the immature and developing brain.

['D020927', 'D000818', 'D051381', 'D000831', 'D018712', 'D000698', 'D059408', 'D008297', 'D017207', 'D010146', 'D006339', 'D005260', 'D009420']

eng

Volatile vs Total intravenous Anaesthesia for major non-cardiac surgery: a pragmatic randomised triaL (VITAL).

Improving outcomes after surgery is a major public health research priority for patients, clinicians and the NHS. The greatest burden of perioperative complications, mortality and healthcare costs lies amongst the population of patients aged over 50 years who undergo major non-cardiac surgery. The Volatile vs Total Intravenous Anaesthesia for major non-cardiac surgery (VITAL) trial specifically examines the effect of anaesthetic technique on key patient outcomes: quality of recovery after surgery (quality of recovery after anaesthesia, patient satisfaction and major post-operative complications), survival and patient safety.

['D000368', 'D005260', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D000762', 'D000768', 'D000769', 'D000771', 'D017558', 'D017048', 'D017060', 'D011183', 'D016896']

eng

Dexmedetomidine-ketamine combination versus fentanyl-midazolam for patient sedation during flexible bronchoscopy: a prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Sedation during flexible bronchoscopy (FB) should maintain an adequate respiratory drive, ensure maximum comfort for the patient, and warrant that the objectives of the procedure are achieved. Nevertheless, the optimal sedation method for FB has yet to be established. This study aimed to compare the standard recommended combination of midazolam-fentanyl (MF) with that of dexmedetomidine-ketamine (DK) for patient sedation during FB.

['D006801', 'D020927', 'D001999', 'D005283', 'D008297', 'D008874', 'D007649', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D011446', 'D006993', 'D016037', 'D000368', 'D017060', 'D000328', 'D016292']

eng

Effects of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on chronic low back pain: a systematic review.

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a frequent disease. It is a critical health concern that can influence functional capacity by restricting living activities.

['D006801', 'D017116', 'D055536', 'D004561', 'D059350', 'D016896', 'D016032', 'D010147']

eng

Caesarean section for a primipara with Guillain-Barré syndrome under combined spinal epidural anaesthesia.

A primigravida in mid 30s presented to hospital at 30+2 weeks gestation, due to progressive neurological symptoms including ascending limb weakness and paraesthesia bilaterally as well as dysphagia, facial weakness and dysphasia.The patient was diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome after physical examination and electromyography, which showed a patchy demyelinating sensorimotor polyneuropathy. The patient underwent a 5-day course of intravenous immunoglobulin, beginning the day after admission. Markers of severity including forced vital capacity improved thereafter until delivery.With limited evidence favouring one particular anaesthetic technique in parturients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, combined spinal epidural anaesthesia was preferred over general anaesthesia in order to avoid the potential for prolonged intubation postoperatively and to allow careful titration of neuraxial blockade. Delivery by caesarean section at 34+1 weeks due to pre-eclampsia was uncomplicated. Thereafter the patient's condition deteriorated, requiring a further 5-day course of intravenous immunoglobulin with symptoms gradually improving over a 6-month admission.

['D006801', 'D005260', 'D020275', 'D002585', 'D011247', 'D000767', 'D000328', 'D000775', 'D016756', 'D000773', 'D011248']

eng

Urotherapy and biofeedback resistant dysfunctional voiding: How to deal with?

To analyze the management strategies in the children who had treatment-resistant dysfunctional voiding (DV).

['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D001676', 'D002648', 'D012189', 'D053201', 'D014555', 'D018680', 'D016896', 'D017773', 'D003131', 'D004561']

eng

Role of Diagnostic Nerve Blocks in the Goal-Oriented Treatment of Spasticity with Botulinum Toxin Type A: A Case-Control Study.

The goal-setting process is pivotal in managing patients with disabling spasticity. This case-control study assessed the role of diagnostic nerve blocks in guiding the goal-setting process within goal-targeted treatment of spasticity with botulinum neurotoxin-A. In this case-control study, patients with disabling spasticity underwent either a goal-setting process based on the patient's needs and clinical evaluation (control group) or additional diagnostic nerve block procedures (case group). All enrolled patients underwent a focal treatment with botulinum neurotoxin-A injection and a 1-month follow-up evaluation during which goal achievement was quantified using the goal attainment scaling-light score system. Data showed a higher goal achievement rate in the case group (70%) than in the control group (40%). In conclusion, diagnostic nerve blocks may help guide the goal-setting process within goal-targeted treatment of spasticity with botulinum neurotoxin-A towards more realistic and achievable goals, thereby improving the outcomes of botulinum neurotoxin-A injection. Future studies should better explore the role of diagnostic nerve blocks to further personalize botulinum neurotoxin-A according to individual patients' preferences and requirements.

['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D016022', 'D009407', 'D019274', 'D009128', 'D000066530', 'D006040']

eng

Comparison of Ciprofol-Based and Propofol-Based Total Intravenous Anesthesia on Microvascular Decompression of Facial Nerve with Neurophysiological Monitoring: A Randomized Non-Inferiority Trial.

Ciprofol is a recently developed short-acting gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor agonist with a higher potency than that of propofol. As a new sedative drug, there are few clinical studies on ciprofol. We sought to examine the safety and efficacy of ciprofol use for general anesthesia in neurosurgical individuals undergoing neurosurgical surgery with intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM).

['D006801', 'D015742', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D016037', 'D061145', 'D064795', 'D005154', 'D000771', 'D018686', 'D000368', 'D000328']

eng

Pain Management for Periacetabular Osteotomy: A Systematic Review.

Early post-operative pain control is essential to facilitate rapid recovery after orthopaedic surgery. Despite periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) being the gold standard treatment of prearthritic hip dysplasia, there is limited evidence assessing efficacy of early post-operative pain management strategies. Recent literature has focused on non-opioid supplemental treatments such as nerve blocks or local wound infiltration. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess efficacy of these interventions to reduce pain, facilitate mobilization, reduce length of stay after PAO surgery.

['D006801', 'D010027', 'D010149', 'D059408', 'D000077', 'D009407', 'D006617', 'D007902', 'D010147']

eng

0.75% ropivacaine may be a suitable drug in pregnant women undergoing urgent cesarean delivery during labor analgesia period.

3% chloroprocaine (CP) has been reported as the common local anesthetic used in pregnant women undergoing urgent cesarean delivery during labor analgesia period. However, 0.75% ropivacaine is considered a promising and effective alternative. Therefore, we conducted a randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness and safety of 0.75% ropivacaine with 3% chloroprocaine for extended epidural anesthesia in pregnant women.

['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000077212', 'D011247', 'D004311', 'D002585', 'D000779', 'D000328', 'D016362', 'D011343']

eng

Dental treatments in patients with special needs provided by university medical center in Southern Taiwan: a retrospective study.

We perform special-need dental treatment at outpatient department (OPD), under general anesthesia (GA) when necessary, and provide domiciliary dental care. We aim to evaluate the profile and the characteristics of special needs patients (SNPs).

['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D013624', 'D003730', 'D000293', 'D000369', 'D002648', 'D000768', 'D007223', 'D002675', 'D000046']

eng

Hybrid operating rooms and the risk of postoperative hypothermia in pregnant women with placenta previa: A retrospective cohort study.

Births at advanced maternal ages (≥ 35 years) are increasing. This has been associated with a higher incidence of placenta previa, which increases bleeding risk. Hybrid operating rooms, designed to accommodate interventions and cesarean sections, are becoming more prominent because of their dual capabilities and benefits. However, they have been associated with increased postoperative hypothermia in pediatric settings; moreover, this has not been studied in pregnant women with placenta previa.

['D006801', 'D005260', 'D011247', 'D007035', 'D012189', 'D009873', 'D000328', 'D011183', 'D002585', 'D012307', 'D010923', 'D000768']

eng

Effect of intravenous palonosetron on hypotension induced by spinal anesthesia for cesarean section: A randomized controlled trial.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of intravenous palonosetron compared to ondansetron on hypotension induced by spinal anesthesia in women undergoing cesarean section.

['D006801', 'D005260', 'D000775', 'D002585', 'D000077924', 'D000328', 'D007022', 'D011247', 'D017294', 'D000932', 'D020250', 'D010656', 'D000773']

eng

Changes in blood catecholamines during induction of general anesthesia in patients with post-induction hypotension undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A single-center prospective cohort study.

Post-induction hypotension (PIH) often occurs during general anesthesia induction. This study aimed to investigate blood catecholamine levels during induction of general anesthesia in patients with PIH undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

['D006801', 'D017081', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000768', 'D008875', 'D011446', 'D007022', 'D000328', 'D002395', 'D001794', 'D000368', 'D009638', 'D004837']

eng

Determining the Maximum Tolerable Concentration of Ropivacaine to Maintain Sensation of the Nerve Root in Percutaneous Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Discectomy: Can Epidural Anaesthesia Achieve Pain-Tactile Separation Block to Avoid Nerve Injury?

Nerve injury is a serious complication of percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal lumbar discectomy due to nerve root contact. The maximum tolerable concentration (MTC) of ropivacaine concentration for epidural anaesthesia, is defined as the concentration that minimises pain while preserving the sensation of the nerve roots. This distinct advantage allows the patient to provide feedback to the surgeon when the nerve roots are contacted.

['D000077212', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D008159', 'D000328', 'D000779', 'D000767', 'D017587', 'D004724', 'D013126', 'D004305', 'D012677', 'D000368']

eng

The positive effect of pulse electromagnetic field therapy on pain and disability in chronic low back pain: a comparative study.

Low back pain that lasts longer than three months is called chronic low back pain. Chronic low back pain is among the most common problems in the world, causing severe disability and loss of employment in patients.

['D006801', 'D017116', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D012189', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D059350', 'D004185', 'D010147', 'D016896', 'D055909', 'D004561', 'D026741', 'D000368']

ger

[Regional Anaesthesia in the Prehospital Setting].

Pain is often the main symptom in trauma patients. Although peripheral nerve blocks (PNB) provide fast, safe, and adequate analgesia, they are currently only rarely used outside the perioperative setting. In Germany, intravenous analgesia with non-opioid analgesics (NOPA) and strong opioids is the main treatment concept for prehospital pain. However, the use of highly potent opioids can be associated with significant side effects, especially in emergency patients. Therefore, PNBs are used in many hospitals for the treatment of perioperative pain. As with perioperative use, the advantages of early PNB in the prehospital analgesic treatment of trauma patients are obvious, especially for elderly and multimorbid patients. Early prehospital PNB can also facilitate the reduction of dislocated fractures or dislocated joints as well as the technical rescue of trauma patients. Common geriatric fractures, such as proximal femur or humerus fractures, can be treated appropriately and adequately with PNB.In this article, we show which PNB procedures can be useful in prehospital patient care and which requirements should be met for their safe use. We also present a concept for assessing whether and to what extent the prehospital use of PNB is indicated and appropriate. The aim of this article is to draw attention to PNB as a possible part of prehospital care concepts for trauma patients and to discuss its prehospital use.

['D006801', 'D004632', 'D000765', 'D005858', 'D009407', 'D059408']

eng

Effects of electroacupuncture combined with paliperidone palmitate long-acting injection on withdrawal symptoms and neurotransmitters in methamphetamine addicts.

To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture combined with paliperidone palmitate long-acting injection (PP-LAI) on withdrawal symptoms and neurotransmitters in methamphetamine (MA) addicts.

['D006801', 'D000068882', 'D013375', 'D008694', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D015671', 'D019969', 'D005260', 'D018377', 'D003131', 'D003692', 'D004298', 'D012701', 'D005680', 'D008875', 'D016896', 'D014150']

eng

Esketamine Combined with Dexmedetomidine to reduce Visceral Pain During elective Cesarean Section Under Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia: A double-Blind Randomized Controlled Study.

We aimed to evaluate the effect of intravenous esketamine combined with dexmedetomidine as supplemental analgesia in reducing intraoperative visceral pain during elective cesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA).

['D006801', 'D020927', 'D007649', 'D004311', 'D002585', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D059265', 'D000775', 'D011247', 'D000767', 'D004359', 'D017558']

eng

Intravenous Bolus of Dexmedetomidine for Treatment of Severe Shivering After Caesarean Delivery Under Combined Spinal-Epidural Anaesthesia: A Randomized Dose-Response Study.

Shivering occurs frequently after caesarean delivery. The present study aimed to investigate the ED50 and ED95 of an intravenous (i.v.) bolus of dexmedetomidine for treating severe shivering after caesarean delivery under combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia.

['D020927', 'D006801', 'D012768', 'D002585', 'D005260', 'D000775', 'D000328', 'D004305', 'D000767', 'D011247', 'D007275', 'D055815']

chi

[Effects of tramadol hydrochloride preemptive analgesia in kyphoplasty of thoracolumbar osteoporotic fractures under local anesthesia].

To explore preemptive analgesic effect of preoperative intramural tramadol injection in percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) of vertebrae following local anesthesia.

['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D014147', 'D008875', 'D058498', 'D013904', 'D058866', 'D008159', 'D000772', 'D000369', 'D000698', 'D010149', 'D016103', 'D000701']

eng

A 74-Year-Old Man with Severe Comorbidities and Successful Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair with Thoracic Segmental Spinal Anesthesia: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Elderly patients with severe or multiple comorbidities can be at high risk for complications of general anesthesia. This report is of a 74-year-old man with severe comorbidities, including ischemic heart disease (IHD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and successful abdominal aortic aneurysm repair with thoracic segmental spinal anesthesia. CASE REPORT The patient, aged 74, had previously been diagnosed with severe COPD and IHD. He was classified as American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) grade IV, diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) measuring 6 cm in diameter, and had to undergo surgical repair of the aneurysm with the insertion of a synthetic graft. Due to a shortage of beds in the ICU and the desire to avoid the complications associated with general anesthesia, the decision was made to proceed with thoracic spinal regional anesthesia, which is not a customary choice for this type of surgery. Spinal anesthesia was administered at the Th10-11 level, utilizing 8.5 mg of Bupivacaine, 50 mcg of Fentanyl, and 4 mg of Dexason. An epidural catheter was placed at the same level. The surgical procedure lasted 145 min and was successfully completed under regional anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS This report has highlighted that developments in spinal thoracic anesthesia mean that this can be a successful alternative to general anesthesia in high-risk patients, even for major emergency surgery.

['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D017544', 'D000775', 'D029424', 'D013904']

eng

The use of laser photobiomodulation as pre-anesthetic tissue management technique in reducing injection pain in children.

One of the main goals for pediatric dentists is to offer a painless anesthesia experience. Laser photobiomodulation is among the suggested strategies to decrease injection pain. So, this study aimed to assess the impact of laser photobiomodulation on local anesthesia (LA) injection pain in children and its effect on the efficacy of LA during pulpotomy and SSC procedures.

['D006801', 'D002648', 'D028022', 'D005260', 'D002675', 'D008297', 'D010147', 'D011672', 'D000779', 'D007267', 'D000766', 'D000772', 'D059408', 'D006339']

eng

Treatment and nursing care of a patient diagnosed with malignant hyperthermia after general anesthesia: a case report.

Malignant hyperthermia (MH), characterized by severe myoclonus, pyrexia, tachycardia, hypertension, elevated muscle enzymes, and hypercapnia, often occurs in patients with congenital deformities or genetic disorders. Although the reported incidence rate is as low as 1:5000 to 1:100,000, patients with MH exhibit rapid aggravation and an elevated mortality rate. Thus, MH is associated with substantial perioperative risk. Successful treatment of patients with MH largely depends on early diagnosis and timely effective treatment. This clinical report provides a detailed description of a patient with newly diagnosed MH who developed a rapid rise in body temperature, end-tidal carbon dioxide, and heart rate during maxillary osteotomy. After successful rescue, the patient recovered smoothly during the postoperative period, indicating the importance of intraoperative monitoring, early diagnosis, effective treatment, and postoperative monitoring. This case is expected to serve as a reference for future interventions and healthcare practices in managing other patients with MH.

['D006801', 'D008305', 'D000768', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D010027']

eng

Effects of video-assisted preanesthetic patient education on preanesthetic interview time; A prospective, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial.

A preanesthetic evaluation interview with an anesthesiologist is essential for patient safety, however, it is not performed adequately owing to the excessive workload of doctors. This study aimed to determine whether video-assisted preanesthetic patient education can reduce patient interview time and solve the problem of excessive labor at a relatively low cost.

['D006801', 'D008875', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D010353', 'D011446', 'D016037', 'D017060', 'D000768', 'D000368', 'D014741', 'D011300', 'D013997', 'D001007', 'D055815', 'D007407', 'D017558']

eng

Functional Outcomes of Therapeutic Selective Nerve Root Block for Single-Segment Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND Functional evaluation after therapeutic selective nerve root block (SNRB) has been rarely reported. We explored functional outcomes of SNRB for single-segment lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). MATERIAL AND METHODS Data for 117 patients with single-segment LSS who underwent single therapeutic SNRB were retrospectively collected between January 2019 and December 2021. Functional outcomes were assessed using Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores preoperatively, and 3 days, and 3, 6, and 12 months after SNRB, which were compared in subgroups stratified by age, sex, BMI, sedentary time, hypertension, diabetes, affected side, pathology level, intervertebral disk. Correlation between ODI and JOA was analyzed using univariate linear regression analysis. RESULTS Clinical symptoms of LSS significantly improved within 12 months after SNRB, especially at 6 months (P<0.05). ODI scores in each subgroup gradually decreased within 6 months after SNRB, and JOA scores gradually increased. Most subgroup analyses revealed significantly increased ODI scores and decreased JOA scores at 12 months after SNRB, compared with 6-month scores (P<0.05). Notably, ODI and JOA scores at 12 months after SNRB were not significantly different than those before SNRB in patients with BMI >25 or sedentary time >8 h (P>0.05). A significant correlation existed between ODI and JOA scores (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic SNRB was an effective treatment for alleviating LSS within at least 6 months. Changing sedentary habits with appropriate exercise and controlling weight with a healthy diet can improve the effectiveness of SNRB, especially in patients for whom conservative treatment is ineffective and who are unsuitable for surgical treatment.

['D006801', 'D013130', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012189', 'D008875', 'D008159', 'D000368', 'D009407', 'D016896', 'D013126', 'D004185']

rus

[Oral sedation in pediatric outpatient dentistry].

Was to improve the quality of treatment in pediatric outpatient dentistry with the effective use of oral sedation.

['D006801', 'D002648', 'D002675', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000766', 'D016292', 'D008874', 'D019140', 'D006993', 'D000553', 'D010045']

eng

Laparoscopic Gastrectomy Using External Oblique Intercostal Block Versus Wound Infiltration: A Trial Protocol.

A novel external oblique intercostal block (EOIB) might have analgesic effects on T6-10 and be indicated for laparoscopic gastrectomy. However, EOIB effects on postoperative pain are unknown. We aim to generate evidence to support such EOIB application. We will compare the efficacy of EOIB and wound infiltration (WI) in a single-center, single-blind, randomized controlled trial.

['D006801', 'D010535', 'D009407', 'D005743', 'D000077554', 'D010149', 'D016037', 'D000779', 'D007367', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D000328', 'D016032', 'D016896']

eng

Comparison emergence of sedation, using dexmedetomidine and remimazolam, in spinal anaesthesia - double blinded randomized controlled trial.

Background: Continuous intravenous infusion of remimazolam may be suitable for sedation in patients undergoing regional anaesthesia. However, there have been no studies comparing remimazolam and dexmedetomidine for this purpose. This study compared emergence from sedation between dexmedetomidine and remimazolam following continuous intravenous infusion in patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia. Methods: This double-blinded, randomised controlled trial assessed the sedative effects of dexmedetomidine and remimazolam. Following spinal anaesthesia, patients were sedated using continuous intravenous infusion of either dexmedetomidine (D group) or remimazolam (R group).The D group received dexmedetomidine administered at 6 mL/kg/h (6 µg/kg/h) for 10 minutes, followed by 1 mL/kg/h (1 µg/kg/h). The R group received remimazolam administered at 6 mL/kg/h (6 mg/kg/h) for 10 minutes, followed by 1 mL/kg/h (1 mg/kg/h). Sedation levels were evaluated using the Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (MOAA/S) scale. The time to reach MOAA/S ≤ 3 from the start of drug infusion and the time to reach MOAA/S = 5 from the end of infusion were recorded. Hemodynamic parameters and respiratory rate were also monitored. Results: The R group reached MOAA/S ≤ 3 significantly faster than the D group during induction of sedation (4 ± 1 minutes and 11 ± 3 minutes, respectively, p < 0.001). The R group also reached MOAA/S = 5 significantly faster than the D group during emergence from sedation (11 ± 3 minutes and 16 ± 5 minutes, respectively, p < 0.001). Both groups maintained stable hemodynamic parameters and respiratory rate without any significant differences, although the mean heart rate was significantly lower in the D group than in the R group after the start of infusion. Conclusion: Remimazolam demonstrated significantly faster induction of and emergence from sedation compared to dexmedetomidine, with no significant differences in haemodynamics or respiratory depression.

['D006801', 'D020927', 'D000775', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D006993', 'D008875', 'D004311', 'D007262', 'D001569', 'D000762', 'D006439', 'D016292']

eng

Viscoelastic testing guided coagulation management in factor VII deficiency for spinal anaesthesia and caesarean section.

The risks and benefits of spinal anaesthesia must be assessed in patients with coagulation disorders. A woman in her 20s with congenital factor VII (FVII) deficiency (31%) was admitted at 38 weeks for caesarean delivery. A rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) analysis showed normal coagulation and spinal anaesthesia was performed safely. A repeated ROTEM analysis after haemostasis and uterine closure showed normal coagulation without fibrinolysis. No prophylactic FVII was administered, resulting in a cost savings of US$12 884. FVII level did not predict bleeding or fibrinolysis and FVII and tranexamic acid were not indicated.

['D006801', 'D005260', 'D002585', 'D000775', 'D013916', 'D011247', 'D005168', 'D000773', 'D000328', 'D011250']

eng

Prospective Pilot Study: Tolerability of Outpatient Penile Plication Under Nursing-Administered Conscious Sedation vs Anesthesiologist-Administered Deep Sedation.

Penile plication is commonly performed for Peyronie's disease under general or spinal anesthesia. Conscious sedation (CS) offers decreased anesthetic risks, cost-effectiveness, and the ability to perform the procedure in outpatient settings with shorter wait times. We sought to compare tolerability of penile plication under deep intravenous sedation (DIS) administered by anesthesiologists and nursing-administered CS (NACS).

['D006801', 'D008297', 'D011446', 'D010865', 'D008875', 'D016292', 'D000556', 'D054810', 'D010411', 'D000368', 'D000072080', 'D000328', 'D015742', 'D008874', 'D010413', 'D005283']

fre

[Use of transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TENS) in chronic pain].

The management of chronic pain is based on a biopsychosocial approach including pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies such as Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS). The effectiveness of TENS has been debated for over 50 years. While it provides symptomatic pain relief through physiological neuromodulation mechanisms, irrespective of the type of pain, there is no solid proof that it has curative effects specific to a pathology. There are no robust predictors of response to TENS depending on the type of pain, but reinforcing self-management skills in patients who benefit from it through an educational measure is a guarantee of satisfaction and retention.

['D006801', 'D004561', 'D059350', 'D059408']

eng

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation to acutely reduce emotional vulnerability and improve emotional regulation in borderline personality disorder (tVNS-BPD): study protocol for a randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled trial.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is considered a disorder of emotion regulation resulting from the expression of a biologically determined emotional vulnerability (that is, heightened sensitivity to emotion, increased emotional intensity/reactivity, and a slow return to emotional baseline) combined with exposure to invalidating environments. Vagal tone has been associated with activity in cortical regions involved in emotion regulation and a lower resting state of vagal tone has been observed in BPD patients relative to healthy controls. Non-invasive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been shown to reduce temper outbursts in adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome, to enhance recognition of emotions in healthy students, and to improve depressive and anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, a single session of taVNS has been shown to acutely alter the recognition of facial expressions of negative valence in adolescents with MDD and increase emotion recognition in controls. However, the effect of taVNS on emotional vulnerability and regulation in individuals diagnosed with BPD has not been investigated. Our aims are to determine if taVNS is effective in acutely reducing emotional vulnerability and improve emotional regulation in BPD patients.

['D006801', 'D001883', 'D055536', 'D000080103', 'D016037', 'D000328', 'D016032', 'D004644', 'D004561', 'D055815', 'D005260', 'D016896', 'D008297', 'D000293', 'D013997', 'D014630', 'D008875']

eng

Effect of electroacupuncture on expression of protein phosphorylation in hippocampus tissues of rats with chronic fatigue syndrome.

To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on behavior and hippocampal protein phosphorylation in rats with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of CFS.

['D000818', 'D015671', 'D008297', 'D051381', 'D006624', 'D015673', 'D017207', 'D010766', 'D006801', 'D015669', 'D004195']

eng

Effect of electroacupuncture intervention on angiogenesis in psoriasis mice.

To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation of "Zusanli"(ST36) and"Xuehai"(SP10) on the angiogenesis of the local injured skin tissue in mice with psoriasis, so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of psoriasis-induced skin lesions.

['D000818', 'D015671', 'D011565', 'D051379', 'D005260', 'D008807', 'D006801', 'D042461', 'D012867', 'D009389', 'D004195', 'D015669', 'D019408', 'D000096482']

eng

Mechanism of electroacupuncture in treating uterine endometrial fibrosis in intrauterine adhesions rats based on Wnt/β-catenin pathway-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins in rats with intrauterine adhesions (IUA), so as to explore the possible mechanisms of EA in repairing endometrial damage in IUA.

['D000818', 'D005260', 'D015671', 'D017207', 'D051381', 'D058750', 'D060449', 'D006801', 'D051176', 'D004717', 'D005355', 'D000267', 'D014591', 'D015820', 'D015669', 'D014599']

eng

Effect of electroacupuncture on myocardial transient receptor potential channels in mice with myocardial hypertrophy.

To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Neiguan"(PC6) on cardiac function, cardiac morphology and transient receptor potential channel (TRPC) protein expressions in myocardial tissue of mice with myocardial hypertrophy, so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of myocardial hypertrophy.

['D000818', 'D015671', 'D051379', 'D008810', 'D008297', 'D006801', 'D009206', 'D050051', 'D006332', 'D015669', 'D050052']

eng

Efficacy of adding infiltration between the popliteal artery and the capsule of the posterior knee (IPACK) to adductor canal block and local infiltration analgesia in total knee arthroplasty: A retrospective cohort study.

Local infiltration analgesia (LIA), adductor canal block (ACB), and infiltration between the popliteal artery and the capsule of the posterior knee (IPACK) are popular multimodal analgesia techniques used during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study aimed to explore the efficacy of adding the IPACK technique to ACB and LIA in patients undergoing TKA.

['D006801', 'D012189', 'D019645', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000368', 'D011150', 'D009407', 'D010149', 'D008875', 'D000701', 'D009020', 'D000779', 'D010147', 'D000772', 'D000698', 'D059408']

eng

Trans rectus sheath extra-peritoneal procedure (TREPP) for inguinal hernia repair under local anesthesia with sedation in the outpatient clinic: a feasibility study.

The Trans Rectus Sheath Extra-Peritoneal Procedure (TREPP) is an open procedure in which the mesh is placed in the preperitoneal space and is therefore associated with less chronic post-operative inguinal pain. TREPP is primarily performed under general or spinal anesthesia, however, it is also possible to perform under sedation and local anesthesia with potentially advantages. This retrospective feasibility pilot study investigates the safety and efficiency of TREPP under local anesthesia in the outpatient clinic in comparison with Lichtenstein.

['D006801', 'D006552', 'D005240', 'D000772', 'D008297', 'D059685', 'D008875', 'D005260', 'D010865', 'D012189', 'D000368', 'D013526', 'D000556', 'D000328', 'D061646', 'D017568', 'D016896', 'D016292', 'D000554']

eng

Investigation of Appropriate Scaling of Networks and Images for Convolutional Neural Network-Based Nerve Detection in Ultrasound-Guided Nerve Blocks.

Ultrasound imaging is an essential tool in anesthesiology, particularly for ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blocks (US-PNBs). However, challenges such as speckle noise, acoustic shadows, and variability in nerve appearance complicate the accurate localization of nerve tissues. To address this issue, this study introduces a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN), specifically Scaled-YOLOv4, and investigates an appropriate network model and input image scaling for nerve detection on ultrasound images. Utilizing two datasets, a public dataset and an original dataset, we evaluated the effects of model scale and input image size on detection performance. Our findings reveal that smaller input images and larger model scales significantly improve detection accuracy. The optimal configuration of model size and input image size not only achieved high detection accuracy but also demonstrated real-time processing capabilities.

['D009407', 'D016571', 'D006801', 'D014463', 'D007091', 'D010525', 'D018084']

eng

Cannabinoid Analgesia in Postoperative Pain Management: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Reality.

Postoperative pain (POP) is a challenging clinical phenomenon that affects the majority of surgical patients and demands effective management to mitigate adverse outcomes such as persistent pain. The primary goal of POP management is to alleviate suffering and facilitate a seamless return to normal function for the patient. Despite compelling evidence of its drawbacks, opioid analgesia remains the basis of POP treatment. Novel therapeutic approaches rely on multimodal analgesia, integrating different pharmacological strategies to optimize efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. The recognition of the imperative role of the endocannabinoid system in pain regulation has prompted the investigation of cannabinoid compounds as a new therapeutic avenue. Cannabinoids may serve as adjuvants, enhancing the analgesic effects of other drugs and potentially replacing or at least reducing the dependence on other long-term analgesics in pain management. This narrative review succinctly summarizes pertinent information on the molecular mechanisms, clinical therapeutic benefits, and considerations associated with the plausible use of various cannabinoid compounds in treating POP. According to the available evidence, cannabinoid compounds modulate specific molecular mechanisms intimately involved in POP. However, only two of the eleven clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of different cannabinoid interventions showed positive results.

['D006801', 'D010149', 'D002186', 'D059408', 'D000698', 'D000818', 'D000700', 'D063388']

eng

Comparison of perineural and systemic dexamethasone use in impacted third molar surgeries in terms of anesthesia duration and postoperative complaints: a controlled, randomized observational study.

Surgical extraction of impacted third molars (ITM) often leads to postoperative discomfort including pain, swelling, and limited function. Steroids like dexamethasone (DXN) are commonly used in oral surgery to manage pain and inflammation. Various administration routes for DXN exist, including intravenous (IV), perineural (PN), and oral applications, each with its advantages. Previous studies have shown that adding DXN to local anesthetics can prolong anesthesia duration and reduce postoperative sequelae. However, comparative studies on IV and PN applications with inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) of DXN in ITM surgeries are limited.

['D006801', 'D008964', 'D003907', 'D014095', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D010149', 'D014081', 'D009407', 'D000328', 'D000766', 'D000779', 'D055815', 'D010147', 'D008340', 'D002355', 'D013997', 'D004487']

eng

Isoflurane anesthesia and sleep deprivation trigger delayed and selective sleep alterations.

Isoflurane anesthesia (IA) partially compensates NREM sleep (NREMS) and not REM sleep (REMS) requirement, eliciting post-anesthetic REMS rebound. Sleep deprivation triggers compensatory NREMS rebounds and REMS rebounds during recovery sleep as a result of the body's homeostatic mechanisms. A combination of sleep deprivation and isoflurane anesthesia is common in clinical settings, especially prior to surgeries. This study investigates the effects of pre-anesthetic sleep deprivation on post-anesthetic sleep-wake architecture. The effects of isoflurane exposure (90 min) alone were compared with the effects of isoflurane exposure preceded by experimental sleep deprivation (6 h, gentle handling) on recovery sleep in adult mice by studying the architecture of post-anesthetic sleep for 3 consecutive post-anesthetic days. Effects of isoflurane anesthesia on recovery sleep developed only during the first dark period after anesthesia, the active phase in mice. During this time, mice irrespective of preceding sleep pressure, showed NREMS and REMS rebound and decreased wakefulness during recovery sleep. Additionally, sleep deprivation prior to isoflurane treatment caused a persistent reduction of theta power during post-anesthetic REMS at least for 3 post-anesthetic days. We showed that isoflurane causes NREMS rebound during recovery sleep which suggests that isoflurane may not fully compensate for natural NREMS. The study also reveals that isoflurane exposure preceded by sleep deprivation caused a persistent disruption of REMS quality. We suggest that preoperative sleep deprivation may impair postoperative recovery through lasting disruption in sleep quality.

['D007530', 'D000818', 'D012892', 'D051379', 'D008297', 'D018685', 'D012895', 'D014851', 'D008810', 'D004569', 'D012890', 'D000758']

eng

Comparison of regional vs. general anesthesia on the risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Dementia is a gradual and ongoing cognitive decline due to damage to nerve cells in the brain. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the potential relationship between regional anesthesia (RA) and the risk of dementia.

['D006801', 'D000768', 'D003704', 'D000765', 'D012307', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D005260']

eng

Rheumatoid pleurisy confirmed by biopsy of a chest wall nodule by thoracoscopy under local anaesthesia.

Rheumatoid pleurisy is common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, but distinguishing it from other diseases, such as heart failure and tuberculous pleurisy, is often difficult. A man in his 70s with stable rheumatoid arthritis presented with cardiac enlargement and bilateral pleural effusion on chest radiography. Pleural fluid studies showed lymphocytosis, adenosine deaminase level of 51.6 U/L and rheumatoid factor level of 2245.3 IU/mL, suggestive of rheumatoid pleurisy and tuberculous pleurisy. Thoracoscopy under local anaesthesia revealed erythema of the parietal pleura, small papillary projections and fibrin deposits. H&E-stained biopsy specimens showed inflammatory granulomas with strong lymphocytic infiltration and non-caseating granulomas. He was diagnosed with rheumatoid pleurisy. His symptoms improved with 30 mg of prednisolone. This study highlights that biopsy using thoracoscopy under local anaesthesia effectively diagnoses rheumatoid pleurisy, which may be challenging to diagnose.

['D006801', 'D008297', 'D013906', 'D000772', 'D010998', 'D000368', 'D001706', 'D035441', 'D003937', 'D001172', 'D011239', 'D010994']

eng

Volatile Anesthetic Use Versus Total Intravenous Anesthesia for Patients Undergoing Heart Valve Surgery: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

Many studies have suggested that volatile anesthetic use may improve postoperative outcomes after cardiac surgery compared to total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) owing to its potential cardioprotective effect. However, the results were inconclusive, and few studies have included patients undergoing heart valve surgery.

['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000771', 'D000368', 'D018685', 'D056910', 'D006351', 'D000328', 'D006348', 'D016896', 'D012189', 'D016208', 'D012307', 'D011183', 'D000769', 'D013997']

eng

Pediatric Intraoperative Electromyographic Responses at the Adductor Pollicis and Flexor Hallucis Brevis Muscles: A Prospective, Comparative Analysis.

Peripheral nerve stimulation with a train-of-four (TOF) pattern can be used intraoperatively to evaluate the depth of neuromuscular block and confirm recovery from neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs). Quantitative monitoring can be challenging in infants and children due to patient size, equipment technology, and limited access to monitoring sites. Although the adductor pollicis muscle is the preferred site of monitoring, the foot is an alternative when the hands are unavailable. However, there is little information on comparative evoked neuromuscular responses at those 2 sites.

['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D004576', 'D011446', 'D002675', 'D018482', 'D002648', 'D019148', 'D007223', 'D005528', 'D004558', 'D014459', 'D006225', 'D009466', 'D061886', 'D013979']

eng

An atypical presentation of human monkeypox infection with clinicopathologic correlation.

There is growing evidence to support new modes of transmission for human monkeypox infection. As these methods are being explored, this report delineates the day-to-day clinical sequelae following the initial exposure in an HIV-positive man who had sexual intercourse with another man days preceding his infection. We describe atypical cutaneous manifestations involving widespread erythematous pustules with preceding anogenital ulcerations and concomitant bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy. Clinicopathologic correlation is used to assist in the workup and establishing the diagnosis. Our case supports others reported in the literature that suggest sexual contact as a means of transmission. More research is needed that investigates the presence of infection in both men and women, including those who could act as carriers, to elucidate other pathways in this evolving yet evasive viral disease.

['D006801', 'D008297', 'D045908', 'D000328', 'D000072281', 'D015658']

eng

Helminths of the black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) from breeding colonies in north-central Poland.

Among parasites of the digestive tract of the black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) in Poland, the best known are species of digenetic trematodes and cestodes. Nematodes of this bird species are not well known. Black-headed gulls, due to their varied diet, migration, life in a flock, and changes of habitat, can become infected with various species of helminths, and like synanthropic birds, they can spread the dispersal stages of parasites across urban and recreational areas. In the present study, an attempt was made to identify the helminth fauna of C. ridibundus from breeding colonies in north-central Poland. The aim of the study was to describe the taxonomic structure of parasites of the digestive tract of the black-headed gull and determine the quantitative parameters of their occurrence. A total of 43 black-headed gulls were examined post-mortem for gastrointestinal helminths, resulting in the identification of four cestodes (Paricterotaenia porosa, Lateriporus clerci, Anomotaenia micracantha, and Wardium fusum), three trematodes (Diplostomum pseudospathaceum, Plagiorchis laricola, and Apophallus muehlingi), and three nematodes (Eucoleus contortus, Cosmocephalus obvelatus, and Porrocaecum ensicaudatum). Lateriporus clerci (in adult form), C. obvelatus and P. ensicaudatum (in larval form) were recorded for the first time in the black-headed gull in Poland.

['D000818', 'D011044', 'D046091', 'D001715', 'D006376', 'D006374', 'D001947']

eng

Phenotypic characterization and genomic analysis of a Salmonella phage L223 for biocontrol of Salmonella spp. in poultry.

The escalating incidence of foodborne salmonellosis poses a significant global threat to food safety and public health. As antibiotic resistance in Salmonella continues to rise, there is growing interest in bacteriophages as potential alternatives. In this study, we isolated, characterized, and evaluated the biocontrol efficacy of lytic phage L223 in chicken meat. Phage L223 demonstrated robust stability across a broad range of temperatures (20-70 °C) and pH levels (2-11) and exhibited a restricted host range targeting Salmonella spp., notably Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis. Characterization of L223 revealed a short latent period of 30 min and a substantial burst size of 515 PFU/cell. Genomic analysis classified L223 within the Caudoviricetes class, Guernseyvirinae subfamily and Jerseyvirus genus, with a dsDNA genome size of 44,321 bp and 47.9% GC content, featuring 72 coding sequences devoid of antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors, toxins, and tRNA genes. Application of L223 significantly (p < 0.005) reduced Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14,028 counts by 1.24, 2.17, and 1.55 log CFU/piece after 2, 4, and 6 h of incubation, respectively, in experimentally contaminated chicken breast samples. These findings highlight the potential of Salmonella phage L223 as a promising biocontrol agent for mitigating Salmonella contamination in food products, emphasizing its relevance for enhancing food safety protocols.

['D000818', 'D012483', 'D002645', 'D016679', 'D023281', 'D012475', 'D011200', 'D012486', 'D058507', 'D005516', 'D010641', 'D011201']

eng

Integrative network analysis of miRNA-mRNA expression profiles during epileptogenesis in rats reveals therapeutic targets after emergence of first spontaneous seizure.

Epileptogenesis is the process by which a normal brain becomes hyperexcitable and capable of generating spontaneous recurrent seizures. The extensive dysregulation of gene expression associated with epileptogenesis is shaped, in part, by microRNAs (miRNAs) - short, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate protein levels. Functional miRNA-mediated regulation can, however, be difficult to elucidate due to the complexity of miRNA-mRNA interactions. Here, we integrated miRNA and mRNA expression profiles sampled over multiple time-points during and after epileptogenesis in rats, and applied bi-clustering and Bayesian modelling to construct temporal miRNA-mRNA-mRNA interaction networks. Network analysis and enrichment of network inference with sequence- and human disease-specific information identified key regulatory miRNAs with the strongest influence on the mRNA landscape, and miRNA-mRNA interactions closely associated with epileptogenesis and subsequent epilepsy. Our findings underscore the complexity of miRNA-mRNA regulation, can be used to prioritise miRNA targets in specific systems, and offer insights into key regulatory processes in epileptogenesis with therapeutic potential for further investigation.

['D000818', 'D035683', 'D012333', 'D051381', 'D053263', 'D012640', 'D004827', 'D020869', 'D008297', 'D005786', 'D001499', 'D004195', 'D059467']

eng

Polymeric nanocarrier-based adjuvants to enhance a locally produced mucosal coryza vaccine in chicken.

Infectious coryza (IC) is an acute upper respiratory disease of chicken caused by Avibacterium (A.) paragallinarum. This disease results in an increased culling rate in meat chicken and a marked decrease in egg production (10% to more than 40%) in laying and breeding hens. Vaccines were first used against IC and effectively controlled the disease. Nanotechnology provides an excellent way to develop a new generation of vaccines. NPs have been widely used in vaccine design as adjuvants and antigen delivery vehicles and as antibacterial agents; thus, they can be used as inactivators for bacterial culture. In this research, the antibacterial effects of several nanoparticles (NPs), such as silicon dioxide with chitosan (SiO2-CS), oleoyl-chitosan (O.CS), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and iron oxide (Fe3O4), on A. paragallinarum were studied. Additionally, different A. paragallinarum vaccines were made using the same nanomaterials at a concentration of 400 µg/ml to help control infectious coryza disease in chicken. A concentration of 400 µg/ml of all the NPs tested was the best concentration for the inactivation of A. paragallinarum. Additionally, this study showed that the infectious coryza vaccine adjuvanted with SiO2 NPs had the highest immune response, followed by the infectious coryza vaccine adjuvanted with Fe3O4 NPs, the infectious coryza vaccine adjuvanted with SiO2-CS NPs, and the infectious coryza vaccine adjuvanted with O.CS NPs in comparison with the infectious coryza vaccine adjuvanted with liquid paraffin (a commercial vaccine).

['D000818', 'D002645', 'D011201', 'D053758', 'D048271', 'D000276', 'D001428', 'D012822', 'D000089582', 'D011108', 'D004337', 'D015661']

eng

A nose for tau.

Nasal delivery of an oligomeric tau antibody loaded into micelles reduces pathology and ameliorates cognition in a mouse model of tauopathy.

['D000818', 'D016875', 'D051379', 'D000281', 'D024801', 'D006801', 'D004195', 'D008823', 'D009666', 'D000906']

eng

Nasal tau immunotherapy clears intracellular tau pathology and improves cognitive functions in aged tauopathy mice.

Pathological tau aggregates cause cognitive decline in neurodegenerative tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). These aggregates are prevalent within intracellular compartments. Current tau immunotherapies have shown limited efficacy in clearing intracellular tau aggregates and improving cognition in clinical trials. In this study, we developed toxic tau conformation-specific monoclonal antibody-2 (TTCM2), which selectively recognized pathological tau aggregates in brain tissues from patients with AD, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). TTCM2 potently inhibited tau-seeding activity, an essential mechanism underlying tauopathy progression. To effectively target intracellular tau aggregates and ensure rapid delivery to the brain, TTCM2 was loaded in micelles (TTCM2-ms) and administered through the intranasal route. We found that intranasally administered TTCM2-ms efficiently entered the brain in hTau-tauopathy mice, targeting pathological tau in intracellular compartments. Moreover, a single intranasal dose of TTCM2-ms effectively cleared pathological tau, elevated synaptic proteins, and improved cognitive functions in aged tauopathy mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that TTCM2-ms cleared intracellular, synaptic, and seed-competent tau aggregates through tripartite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21), an intracellular antibody receptor and E3 ubiquitin ligase known to facilitate proteasomal degradation of cytosolic antibody-bound proteins. TRIM21 was found to be essential for TTCM2-ms-mediated clearance of tau pathology. Our study collectively provides evidence of the effectiveness of nasal tau immunotherapy in targeting and clearing intracellular tau pathology through TRIM21 and enhancing cognition in aged tauopathy mice. This study could be valuable in designing effective tau immunotherapies for AD and other tauopathies.

['D000818', 'D016875', 'D024801', 'D000281', 'D007167', 'D003071', 'D006801', 'D008822', 'D051379', 'D000375', 'D001921', 'D000911', 'D004195', 'D066329']

eng

ZBTB21 suppresses CRE-mediated transcription to impair synaptic function in Down syndrome.

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal disorder and a major cause of intellectual disability. The genetic etiology of DS is the extra copy of chromosome 21 (HSA21)-encoded genes; however, the contribution of specific HSA21 genes to DS pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Here, we identified ZBTB21, an HSA21-encoded zinc-finger protein, as a transcriptional repressor in the regulation of synaptic function. We found that normalization of the Zbtb21 gene copy number in DS mice corrected deficits in cognitive performance, synaptic function, and gene expression. Moreover, we demonstrated that ZBTB21 binds to canonical cAMP-response element (CRE) DNA and that its binding to CRE could be competitive with CRE-binding factors such as CREB. ZBTB21 represses CRE-dependent gene expression and results in the negative regulation of synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Together, our results identify ZBTB21 as a CRE-binding protein and repressor in cAMP-dependent gene regulation, contributing to cognitive defects in DS.

['D004314', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D017362', 'D013569', 'D006801', 'D005786', 'D014157', 'D014158', 'D009473', 'D004195', 'D018628', 'D011485']

eng

Integrating hydrogels manipulate ECM deposition after spinal cord injury for specific neural reconnections via neuronal relays.

A bioinspired hydrogel composed of hyaluronic acid-graft-dopamine (HADA) and a designer peptide HGF-(RADA)4-DGDRGDS (HRR) was presented to enhance tissue integration following spinal cord injury (SCI). The HADA/HRR hydrogel manipulated the infiltration of PDGFRβ+ cells in a parallel pattern, transforming dense scars into an aligned fibrous substrate that guided axonal regrowth. Further incorporation of NT3 and curcumin promoted axonal regrowth and survival of interneurons at lesion borders, which served as relays for establishing heterogeneous axon connections in a target-specific manner. Notable improvements in motor, sensory, and bladder functions resulted in rats with complete spinal cord transection. The HADA/HRR + NT3/Cur hydrogel promoted V2a neuron accumulation in ventral spinal cord, facilitating the recovery of locomotor function. Meanwhile, the establishment of heterogeneous neural connections across the hemisected lesion of canines was documented in a target-specific manner via neuronal relays, significantly improving motor functions. Therefore, biomaterials can inspire beneficial biological activities for SCI repair.

['D013119', 'D000818', 'D020100', 'D051381', 'D005109', 'D009474', 'D004285', 'D001369', 'D009416', 'D006820', 'D020127', 'D004298', 'D005260', 'D004195', 'D017207', 'D001672', 'D013116']

eng

Temporally resolved proteomics identifies nidogen-2 as a cotarget in pancreatic cancer that modulates fibrosis and therapy response.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by increasing fibrosis, which can enhance tumor progression and spread. Here, we undertook an unbiased temporal assessment of the matrisome of the highly metastatic KPC (Pdx1-Cre, LSL-KrasG12D/+, LSL-Trp53R172H/+) and poorly metastatic KPflC (Pdx1-Cre, LSL-KrasG12D/+, Trp53fl/+) genetically engineered mouse models of pancreatic cancer using mass spectrometry proteomics. Our assessment at early-, mid-, and late-stage disease reveals an increased abundance of nidogen-2 (NID2) in the KPC model compared to KPflC, with further validation showing that NID2 is primarily expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Using biomechanical assessments, second harmonic generation imaging, and birefringence analysis, we show that NID2 reduction by CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) in CAFs reduces stiffness and matrix remodeling in three-dimensional models, leading to impaired cancer cell invasion. Intravital imaging revealed improved vascular patency in live NID2-depleted tumors, with enhanced response to gemcitabine/Abraxane. In orthotopic models, NID2 CRISPRi tumors had less liver metastasis and increased survival, highlighting NID2 as a potential PDAC cotarget.

['D000818', 'D010190', 'D040901', 'D051379', 'D005355', 'D006801', 'D021441', 'D000072645', 'D004195', 'D045744', 'D002135', 'D000093542', 'D003841', 'D015815']

eng

Prevalence and molecular detection of Babesia microti in rodents in Southeastern Shanxi, China.

Babesia is a tick-transmitted parasite that infects wild and domestic animals, causes babesiosis in humans, and is an increasing public health concern. Here, we investigated the prevalence and molecular characteristics of Babesia infections in the rodents in Southeastern Shanxi, China. Small rodents were captured, and the liver and spleen tissues were used for Babesia detection using traditional PCR and sequencing of the partial 18S rRNA gene. The analysis revealed that 27 of 252 small rodents were positive for Babesia, with an infection rate of 10.71%. The infection rates in different sexes and rodent tissues were not statistically different, but those in different rodent species, habitats, and sampling sites were statistically different. The highest risk of Babesia infection was observed in Niviventer confucianus captured from the forests in Huguan County. Forty-three sequences from 27 small rodents positive for Babesia infection were identified as Babesia microti, including 42 sequences from 26 N. confucianus, and one sequence from Apodemus agrarius. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all sequences were clustered together and had the closest genetic relationship with Babesia microti strains isolated from Rattus losea and N. confucianus in China, and belonged to the Kobe-type, which is pathogenic to humans. Compared to other Kobe-type strains based on the nearly complete 18S rRNA gene, the sequences obtained in this study showed the difference by 1-3 bp. Overall, a high prevalence of Babesia microti infection was observed in small rodents in Southeastern Shanxi, China, which could benefit us to take the implementation of relevant prevention and control measures in this area.

['D000818', 'D041001', 'D002681', 'D001404', 'D010802', 'D015995', 'D012377', 'D012337', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D012376']

eng

Later-age neutering causes lower risk of early-onset urinary incontinence than early neutering-a VetCompass target trial emulation study.

There is growing evidence supporting clinically important associations between age at neutering in bitches and subsequent urinary incontinence (UI), although much of this evidence to date is considered weak. Target trial emulation is an innovative approach in causal inference that has gained substantial attention in recent years, aiming to simulate a hypothetical randomised controlled trial by leveraging observational data. Using anonymised veterinary clinical data from the VetCompass Programme, this study applied the target trial emulation framework to determine whether later-age neutering (≥ 7 to ≤ 18 months) causes decreased odds of early-onset UI (diagnosed < 8.5 years) compared to early-age neutering (3 to < 7 months). The study included bitches in the VetCompass database born from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2012, and neutered between 3 and 18 months old. Bitches were retrospectively confirmed from the electronic health records as neutered early or later. The primary outcome was a diagnosis of early-onset UI. Informed from a directed acyclic graph, data on the following covariates were extracted: breed, insurance status, co-morbidities and veterinary group. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to adjust for confounding, with inverse probability of censoring weighting accounting for censored bitches. The emulated trial included 612 early-age neutered bitches and 888 later-age neutered bitches. A pooled logistic regression outcome model identified bitches neutered later at 0.80 times the odds (95% CI 0.54 to 0.97) of early-onset UI compared with bitches neutered early. The findings show that later-age neutering causes reduced odds of early-onset UI diagnosis compared with early-age neutering. Decision-making on the age of neutering should be carefully considered, with preference given to delaying neutering until after 7 months of age unless other major reasons justify earlier surgery. The study is one of the first to demonstrate successful application of the target trial framework to veterinary observational data.

['D000818', 'D004285', 'D005260', 'D014549', 'D004283', 'D000367', 'D012189', 'D002369', 'D012307']

eng

Nonviral CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis for streamlined generation of mouse lung cancer models.

Functional analysis in mouse models is necessary to establish the involvement of a set of genetic variations in tumor development. A modeling platform to facilitate and cost-effectively analyze the role of multiple genes in carcinogenesis would be valuable. Here, we present an innovative strategy for lung mutagenesis using CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins delivered via cationic polymers. This approach allows the simultaneous inactivation of multiple genes. We validate the effectiveness of this system by targeting a group of tumor suppressor genes, specifically Rb1, Rbl1, Pten, and Trp53, which were chosen for their potential to cause lung tumors, namely small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Tumors with histologic and transcriptomic features of human SCLC emerged after intratracheal administration of CRISPR/polymer nanoparticles. These tumors carried loss-of-function mutations in all four tumor suppressor genes at the targeted positions. These findings were reproduced in two different pure genetic backgrounds. We provide a proof of principle for simplified modeling of lung tumorigenesis to facilitate functional testing of potential cancer-related genes.

['D000818', 'D008175', 'D064113', 'D051379', 'D051059', 'D016159', 'D055752', 'D016296', 'D006801', 'D004195', 'D050720', 'D016160', 'D000072669']

eng

NRF2 is a spatiotemporal metabolic hub essential for the polyfunctionality of Th2 cells.

Upon encountering allergens, CD4+ T cells differentiate into IL-4-producing Th2 cells in lymph nodes, which later transform into polyfunctional Th2 cells producing IL-5 and IL-13 in inflamed tissues. However, the precise mechanism underlying their polyfunctionality remains elusive. In this study, we elucidate the pivotal role of NRF2 in polyfunctional Th2 cells in murine models of allergic asthma and in human Th2 cells. We found that an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in immune cells infiltrating the lungs is necessary for the development of eosinophilic asthma and polyfunctional Th2 cells in vivo. Deletion of the ROS sensor NRF2 specifically in T cells, but not in dendritic cells, significantly abolished eosinophilia and polyfunctional Th2 cells in the airway. Mechanistically, NRF2 intrinsic to T cells is essential for inducing optimal oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis capacity, thereby driving Th2 cell polyfunctionality independently of IL-33, partially by inducing PPARγ. Treatment with an NRF2 inhibitor leads to a substantial decrease in polyfunctional Th2 cells and subsequent eosinophilia in mice and a reduction in the production of Th2 cytokines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in asthmatic patients. These findings highlight the critical role of Nrf2 as a spatial and temporal metabolic hub that is essential for polyfunctional Th2 cells, suggesting potential therapeutic implications for allergic diseases.

['D051267', 'D018418', 'D000818', 'D051379', 'D001249', 'D006801', 'D017382', 'D047495', 'D010085', 'D006019', 'D008168', 'D018345', 'D004195', 'D005260', 'D016207', 'D008810', 'D000067596', 'D004802']

eng

Epithelial Membrane Protein 2 (EMP2) Blockade Attenuates Pathological Neovascularization in Murine Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) results from postnatal hyperoxia exposure in premature infants and is characterized by aberrant neovascularization of retinal blood vessels. Epithelial membrane protein-2 (EMP2) regulates hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in the ARPE-19 cell line and genetic knock-out of Emp2 in a murine oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model attenuates neovascularization. We hypothesize that EMP2 blockade via intravitreal injection protects against neovascularization.

['D000818', 'D051379', 'D004195', 'D010100', 'D015861', 'D000831', 'D012178', 'D058449', 'D008810', 'D008562', 'D018496', 'D042461', 'D006801']

eng

First identification of canine parvovirus -2a/2b variant in unvaccinated domestic dogs with gastrointestinal signs in Türkiye.

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is the most common enteric virus that infects canids. CPV is the causative agent of a contagious disease defined mostly by clinical gastrointestinal signs in dogs. During the late 1970s, CPV-2 emerged as a new virus capable of infecting domestic dogs and growing across the world. The VP2 gene stands out as a key determinant in the pathogenicity, antigenicity, and host interactions of CPV-2.

['D000818', 'D004285', 'D017993', 'D004283', 'D010322', 'D010802', 'D005767']

eng

Molecular Models of Toxoplasma gondii in Humans and Animals.

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an obligate intracellular, zoonotic protozoan parasite of interest to physicians and veterinarians with its highly complex structure. It is known to infect about one-third of the world's population. Since it is a zoonotic disease, it is necessary to keep the animal population under control in order to prevent human exposure. Many studies have been conducted on the detection of T. gondii and it has been determined that there are three clonal groups consisting of types 1, 2, 3. Developments in molecular studies have led to changes in the taxonomy and new developments in parasitic diseases. It has helped in diagnosis, treatment, development of antiparasitic drugs and research on resistance. They also provided research on vaccine studies, genetic typing and phylogenetics of parasitic diseases. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR and genotyping studies conducted today increase our knowledge about T. gondii. Methods such as B1, SAG1, SAG2, GRA1, 529-bp repeat element, OWP genes and 18S rRNAs are mostly used in PCR, and methods such as MS, MLST, PCR-RFLP, RAPD-PCR and HRM are used in genotyping. Toxoplasmosis is a disease that is within the framework of the concept of one health and must attract attention, has not yet been eradicated in the world and needs joint studies for humans, animals and ecosystems to be eradicated. This can only be possible by establishing interdisciplinary groups, conducting surveys and training.

['D014122', 'D000818', 'D006801', 'D014123', 'D014124', 'D015047', 'D005838']

eng

The First Case of Menacanthus pallidulus (Neumann, 1912) (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae) on A Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus Linnaeus, 1758) in Türkiye.

This case report was prepared to provide information about Menacanthus pallidulus (Neumann, 1912), which was detected for the first time on a domestic chicken in Hatay province of Türkiye. Louse specimens collected from a chicken by a student were brought to Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, and sent to Selçuk University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, for identification of species and microscopic examination revealed the presence of Menacanthus pallidulus (Neumann, 1912). Thus, with this study, the presence of M. pallidulus on domestic chickens was recorded for the first time in Türkiye.

['D000818', 'D002645', 'D010373', 'D014421', 'D011201', 'D058325', 'D008297', 'D005260']

eng

Effects of agmatine on radial-arm maze memory performance and autistic-like behaviors in a male rat model of autism.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the fastest-growing child neuropsychiatric condition. Cognitive dysfunctions such as memory impairments are experienced by patients along with social disturbances and repetitive/stereotypic movements. We have used the radial arm maze (RAM), for measurement of working and reference memory errors in an animal model of autism. In addition, the potential effects of agmatine, an endogenous NMDA antagonist, on RAM performance and autistic-like behaviors were assessed.

['D000818', 'D000376', 'D008297', 'D004195', 'D051381', 'D018782', 'D001321', 'D001522', 'D008568', 'D014635', 'D005260', 'D011247']

eng

Microbial Health Risks of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia in Tropical Coastal Water in Araromi, Nigeria.

Giardia and Cryptosporidium are enteric protozoa that can cause a variety of gastrointestinal diseases, especially in vulnerable people like children, the elderly, and those with impaired immune systems. In order to ascertain the microbiological quality of the recreational water from Araromi Beach in Ilaje Local Government Area, Ondo State, Nigeria. This risk assessment is of great significance to human health protection against waterborne diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the microbial quality of recreational water from Araromi Beach in Ilaje Local Government Area, Ondo State, Nigeria.

['D016785', 'D016829', 'D009549', 'D006801', 'D012623', 'D018570', 'D014871', 'D005873', 'D003457', 'D011998', 'D033661']