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eng

Mulch Madness: A Community-Academic Partnership for Lead Poisoning Prevention.

Soil constitutes a major source of childhood lead exposure, disproportionately affecting communities of color. Mulching offers a low-cost interim control.

['D006801', 'D007855', 'D055812', 'D003159', 'D007854', 'D014495', 'D004781', 'D002648']

rus

[Possibilities of effective interaction in the system pharmacovigilance at registration of medicinal undesirable reactions at patients of the senior age groups.].

In recent years, complications of drug therapy are an important medical problem. Data on adverse drug reactions (ADR) in patients of older age groups were analyzed. The object of the study was notification cards for unwanted reactions received from medical organizations of the Irkutsk region for period 2009-2020 years. The Narangio scale was used to assess the causality between ADR and medicines. Of the 1021 ADR notifications in patients over 65 years of age, 2/3 (668) are presented with ADR notifications in women, 353 (34,6%) in men. The presence of background diseases was registered in 915 notifications (89,6%). There were no gender differences except for a higher incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in men (7,2 and 3,5% respectively, p<0,05) and diabetes mellitus in women (14 and 3,5% respectively, p<0,05). ADRs for antibacterial agents amounted to 31,8%, drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases - 10,5%, cases of therapeutic inefficiency - 5,1%. The ADR data statement was in line with the recommended form of 76%. The most common filling defect was incomplete patient information. The validity of the Narango causation was high. The deadlines for reporting data were observed in 89,1%. For effective interaction in the pharmacovigilance system, it is necessary in each medical organization to constantly inform about the procedure for pharmacovigilance, types of ADRs, the rules for their detection and the timing of data reporting. The work should be supervised by a trained specialist.

['D006801', 'D060735', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000368', 'D064420', 'D016907', 'D012426', 'D000369']

eng

Hobbies, Distractions, Obsessions, and Addictions.

A career in cardiothoracic surgery takes a psychological and emotional toll, which is likely increased by recent changes in our health care environment. The benefits of leisure pursuits are severalfold, one of which includes supporting physician wellness. However, we are at risk of relying on unhealthy mechanisms to provide relief. The incidence of addiction and substance abuse is high, particularly among women surgeons. There are a variety of opportunities to help ourselves and support our colleagues. We need to promote healthy activities outside of our profession for the long-term well-being of cardiothoracic surgeons and our specialty.

['D006801', 'D016739', 'D013903', 'D019966', 'D009770', 'D066231', 'D007899']

eng

Health literacy and adolescents' substance use behaviors and correlates: a scoping review.

From 2011 to 2023, substance use increased by 23% worldwide. Given that substance use initiation is highest during adolescence, it is crucial to identify amenable correlates of substance use prevention [e.g. health literacy (HL)], which, if embedded in interventions, may improve uptake and outcomes. Hence, this study conducted a scoping review to answer the question: What is known from the existing literature about the relationship between HL and substance use correlates and behaviors in adolescents? Five electronic databases and the bibliography of review articles were searched and a total of 1770 records were identified. After removing duplicates and engaging in three levels of screening to identify studies that included adolescents ≤ 25 years old and assessed the relationship between general HL (vs. behavior/disease-specific health knowledge) and substance use behaviors and correlates, 16 studies were retained. Studies assessed alcohol-related (n = 11), tobacco-related (n = 12), electronic vapor product use-related (n = 4), cannabis-related (n = 1), and amphetamines/methamphetamines-related (n = 1) outcomes. Studies spanned Africa, Asia, Europe, and North and Central America. Most studies included substance use as an outcome and found an inverse relationship between HL and use. Few studies examined substance use correlates (e.g. risk perception). There were no longitudinal or intervention studies. This review highlighted that the topic of adolescent HL and its relationship with substance use remains inadequately researched. Notable gaps for future studies include intervention and longitudinal designs, expansion of outcomes (e.g. more studies on marijuana, prescription drug misuse, vaping, substance use-related correlates), and examining HL as a mediator or moderator of substance use and its correlates.

['D006801', 'D000293', 'D057220', 'D019966', 'D000294', 'D007722']

eng

An Unusual Case of Alcoholic Liver Disease Associated with Secondary IgA Vasculitic Nephritis presenting as Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a fairly common association with alcoholic liver disease. However, IgA vasculitis (IgAV) is quite an uncommon association with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and only a handful of cases have been reported in literature. Secondary IgAN usually presents in a docile manner, progressing slowly in about 5-25 years. It is usually responsive to steroid therapy, very rarely progressing to End-Stage Renal Disease. Here, we present a man in his late 50s, a known hypertensive and alcohol related liver-cirrhotic, who presented to our hospital with rash and rapidly progressive renal failure (RPRF). He was diagnosed with IgA nephritis with IgA vasculitis (IgAVN). His diagnosis was confirmed with skin and renal biopsy. He was started on renal replacement therapy for his renal failure and began oral steroid therapy. After administration of steroid therapy for 6 months, the patient recovered and was dialysis independent with stable renal parameters.

['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005922', 'D008875', 'D018450', 'D008108', 'D011695', 'D014657']

eng

Using electronic health records for clinical pharmacology research: Challenges and considerations.

Electronic health records (EHRs) contain a vast array of phenotypic data on large numbers of individuals, often collected over decades. Due to the wealth of information, EHR data have emerged as a powerful resource to make first discoveries and identify disparities in our healthcare system. While the number of EHR-based studies has exploded in recent years, most of these studies are directed at associations with disease rather than pharmacotherapeutic outcomes, such as drug response or adverse drug reactions. This is largely due to challenges specific to deriving drug-related phenotypes from the EHR. There is great potential for EHR-based discovery in clinical pharmacology research, and there is a critical need to address specific challenges related to accurate and reproducible derivation of drug-related phenotypes from the EHR. This review provides a detailed evaluation of challenges and considerations for deriving drug-related data from EHRs. We provide an examination of EHR-based computable phenotypes and discuss cutting-edge approaches to map medication information for clinical pharmacology research, including medication-based computable phenotypes and natural language processing. We also discuss additional considerations such as data structure, heterogeneity and missing data, rare phenotypes, and diversity within the EHR. By further understanding the complexities associated with conducting clinical pharmacology research using EHR-based data, investigators will be better equipped to design thoughtful studies with more reproducible results. Progress in utilizing EHRs for clinical pharmacology research should lead to significant advances in our ability to understand differential drug response and predict adverse drug reactions.

['D057286', 'D006801', 'D010601', 'D010641', 'D009323', 'D035843', 'D064420']

eng

Economic evaluation of the effect of needle and syringe programs on skin, soft tissue, and vascular infections in people who inject drugs: a microsimulation modelling approach.

Needle and syringe programs (NSP) are effective harm-reduction strategies against HIV and hepatitis C. Although skin, soft tissue, and vascular infections (SSTVI) are the most common morbidities in people who inject drugs (PWID), the extent to which NSP are clinically and cost-effective in relation to SSTVI in PWID remains unclear. The objective of this study was to model the clinical- and cost-effectiveness of NSP with respect to treatment of SSTVI in PWID.

['D006801', 'D015819', 'D018671', 'D003362', 'D018461', 'D019057', 'D014652', 'D012874', 'D002170', 'D003198', 'D040261', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D018803']

eng

Enhancing hepatoprotective action: oxyberberine amorphous solid dispersion system targeting TLR4.

Oxyberberine (OBB) is a significant natural compound, with excellent hepatoprotective properties. However, the poor water solubility of OBB hinders its release and absorption thus resulting in low bioavailability. To overcome these drawbacks of OBB, amorphous spray-dried powders (ASDs) of OBB were formulated. The dissolution, characterizations, and pharmacokinetics of OBB-ASDs formulation were investigated, and its hepatoprotective action was disquisitive in the D-GalN/LPS-induced acute liver injury (ALI) mouse model. The characterizations of OBB-ASDs indicated that the crystalline form of OBB active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) was changed into an amorphous form in OBB-ASDs. More importantly, OBB-ASDs showed a higher bioavailability than OBB API. In addition, OBB-ASDs treatment restored abnormal histopathological changes, improved liver functions, and relieved hepatic inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress in ALI mice. The spray drying techniques produced an amorphous form of OBB, which could significantly enhance the bioavailability and exhibit excellent hepatoprotective effects, indicating that the OBB-ASDs can exhibit further potential in hepatoprotective drug delivery systems. Our results provide guidance for improving the bioavailability and pharmacological activities of other compounds, especially insoluble natural compounds. Meanwhile, the successful development of OBB-ASDs could shed new light on the research process of poorly soluble medicine.

['D000818', 'D051197', 'D051379', 'D001682', 'D001599', 'D008297', 'D012995', 'D008099', 'D056486', 'D004195', 'D018384', 'D020011', 'D008070', 'D011208', 'D016503']

eng

Alcohol rehabilitation and cancer risk: a nationwide hospital cohort study in France.

Even though alcohol consumption is an established risk factor for cancer, evidence regarding the effect of a reduction or cessation of alcohol consumption on cancer incidence is scarce. Our main study aim was to assess the effect of alcohol rehabilitation and abstinence on cancer incidence in people with alcohol dependence.

['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D005602', 'D009369', 'D008875', 'D012189', 'D000437', 'D000328', 'D000368', 'D012307', 'D015994']

eng

Estimated effects of opioid agonist treatment in prison on all-cause mortality and overdose mortality in people released from prison in Norway: a prospective analysis of data from the Norwegian Prison Release Study (nPRIS).

Overdose is the leading cause of death for people released from prison, and opioid agonist treatment is associated with reductions in mortality after imprisonment. However, few studies have explored the interplay of the potential modifiable risk factors and protective factors for mortality after release from prison. We aimed to describe all-cause mortality and overdose mortality among individuals released from Norwegian prisons during 2000-22 and to identify pre-existing risk factors associated with both types of mortality among these individuals for 6 months.

['D006801', 'D009664', 'D008297', 'D011446', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D062787', 'D011329', 'D008875', 'D002423', 'D011330', 'D012307', 'D000701', 'D055815', 'D009026', 'D012042', 'D058850', 'D000293']

eng

Chronic alcohol induces subcircuit-specific striatonigral plasticity enhancing the sensorimotor basal ganglia role in action execution.

Functional deficits in basal ganglia (BG) circuits contribute to cognitive and motor dysfunctions in alcohol use disorder. Chronic alcohol exposure alters synaptic function and neuronal excitability in the dorsal striatum, but it remains unclear how it affects BG output that is mediated by the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr). Here, we describe a neuronal subpopulation-specific synaptic organization of striatal and subthalamic (STN) inputs to the medial and lateral SNr. Chronic alcohol exposure (CIE) potentiated dorsolateral striatum (DLS) inputs but did not change dorsomedial striatum and STN inputs to the SNr. Chemogenetic inhibition of DLS direct pathway neurons revealed an enhanced role for DLS direct pathway neurons in execution of an instrumental lever-pressing task. Overall, we reveal a subregion-specific organization of striatal and subthalamic inputs onto the medial and lateral SNr and find that potentiated DLS-SNr inputs are accompanied by altered BG control of action execution following CIE.

['D000818', 'D009473', 'D001479', 'D013378', 'D000431', 'D003342', 'D008297', 'D051379', 'D009474', 'D000437', 'D009434']

eng

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs About Opioid Use Disorder Treatment in Primary Care.

This survey study assesses the US public’s perception and awareness regarding medication for opioid use disorder and its availability in primary care settings.

['D006801', 'D009293', 'D011320', 'D007722', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D000701', 'D003430', 'D011795']

eng

Animal and human bites: Navigating evaluation and care.

Patients who have experienced animal or human bites may present for care in a number of settings with a variety of injuries requiring different approaches to treatment and management. Because animal and human bites range in severity and can result in a host of sequelae, their evaluation and management can be complex. In caring for patients with an animal or human bite, NPs must consider the many factors relevant to such an injury.

['D006801', 'D001733', 'D000818', 'D001734', 'D009722', 'D009730']

eng

Computational approaches identify a transcriptomic fingerprint of drug-induced structural cardiotoxicity.

Structural cardiotoxicity (SCT) presents a high-impact risk that is poorly tolerated in drug discovery unless significant benefit is anticipated. Therefore, we aimed to improve the mechanistic understanding of SCT. First, we combined machine learning methods with a modified calcium transient assay in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to identify nine parameters that could predict SCT. Next, we applied transcriptomic profiling to human cardiac microtissues exposed to structural and non-structural cardiotoxins. Fifty-two genes expressed across the three main cell types in the heart (cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts) were prioritised in differential expression and network clustering analyses and could be linked to known mechanisms of SCT. This transcriptomic fingerprint may prove useful for generating strategies to mitigate SCT risk in early drug discovery.

['D006801', 'D066126', 'D059467', 'D032383', 'D057026', 'D020869', 'D019295', 'D000069550', 'D054715', 'D005347', 'D042783']

eng

The Independent Contribution of Positive and Negative Metacognitions About Smoking to Urge to Smoke, Withdrawal Symptoms and Dependence in Smoking-Dependent Men.

Previous research has indicated that various factors, such as psychological distress, distress intolerance, anhedonia, impulsivity and smoking metacognitions, have been individually linked to the urge to smoke, withdrawal symptoms and dependence. However, these factors have not been collectively examined to determine whether smoking metacognitions independently and significantly contribute to these outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of distress intolerance, anhedonia, impulsivity and smoking metacognitions on the urge to smoke, withdrawal symptoms and dependency in men who are dependent on smoking. A total of 300 smoking-dependent men completed psychological scales and smoking-related measures. The findings of the study indicated that positive metacognitions about emotion regulation significantly predicted the urge to smoke, even when accounting for other significant predictors such as the number of daily cigarettes smoked, psychological distress, anhedonia and impulsivity. Furthermore, positive metacognitions about cognitive regulation were found to be a significant predictor of withdrawal symptoms, independent of other significant predictors such as psychological distress and the urge to smoke. Smoking dependence was predicted by negative metacognitions about uncontrollability beyond other significant predictors, including the number of daily cigarettes smoked and distress intolerance. These results highlight the role of metacognitions about smoking in both short- and long-term clinical outcomes related to smoking. Consequently, addressing such beliefs during treatment for smoking dependence should be an important therapeutic goal.

['D006801', 'D008297', 'D013375', 'D000328', 'D000067489', 'D014029', 'D007175', 'D012907', 'D008875', 'D055815', 'D059445']

eng

A Tailored Virtual Program for Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment Among Liver Transplant Candidates and Recipients Is Feasible and Associated With Lower Post-Transplant Relapse.

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a leading indication for liver transplant (LT) in the United States. Rates of early liver transplant (ELT) with less than 6 months of sobriety have increased substantially. Patients who receive ELT commonly have alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) and are often too ill to complete an intensive outpatient program (IOP) for alcohol use disorder (AUD) prior to LT. ELT recipients feel alienated from traditional IOPs.

['D006801', 'D005260', 'D016031', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D005500', 'D000437', 'D005240', 'D011379', 'D012008', 'D000328', 'D011183', 'D017216', 'D008108']

eng

Mycotoxicoses in Veterinary Medicine: Fusarium Toxins, Grass Staggers, and Neothyphodium Toxins.

Fungi are a large group of eukaryotic microorganisms that can readily adapt to diverse environments and occur in almost all climatic zones and continents. Although some fungi are inevitable in the environment for the decay and recycling of organic material, many species are known to produce secondary metabolites, and these mycotoxins, when ingested with food or feed materials, can adversely affect animal and human health. Among the toxigenic fungi, Fusarium species are recognized as so-called field fungi, invading crops and producing mycotoxins predominantly before harvest. Fusarium produces a wide array of mycotoxins, causing different plant diseases. Fusariosis causes significant economic losses in a wide range of crops. Fusarium secondary metabolites, particularly trichothecenes, are potent toxins in mammalian species and cause diverse adverse effects in humans and animals. Other prominent Fusarium toxins with entirely different chemical structures are zearalenone and its derivatives and fumonisins. With an entirely different life cycle, toxins of endophytes belonging to the genus Epichloë and Neothyphodium coenophialum and Neothyphodium lolii comprise an animal health risk, particularly for grazing animals. This review aimed to summarize the adverse effects of selected Fusarium and Epichloë toxins, with a special emphasis on their occurrence in roughages and their mechanisms of action, and describe their effect on animal health and welfare and the potentially related public health risks.

['D005670', 'D009183', 'D000818', 'D015651', 'D006999']

eng

Advancing research: a commentary on the untapped potential of acceptance and commitment therapy in alcohol use disorder treatment.

Alcohol use disorder poses a significant global health threat, with profound consequences for individuals, families, and communities, necessitating continued exploration of novel treatment approaches. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, an evidence-based approach for various mental health disorders, offers promise in addressing alcohol use disorder as well, but controlled trials are lacking, highlighting a crucial gap in research.

['D006801', 'D064869', 'D000437']

eng

The Rising Concern of Ethanol Intoxication from Easy Access to Hand Sanitizers: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Ethanol intoxication is very common, and several forms of alcohol intoxication can lead to emergency department visits. Excessive alcohol users, when in withdrawal, might seek replacement alcoholic beverages; one of the common sources of ethanol is hand sanitizer, which contains 45-95% alcohol. It becomes even more challenging to deal with alcohol use disorder patients when they seek these replacement products inside hospital premises, and medical clinics and hospitals have increased their use of ethanol-based hand sanitizer since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. CASE REPORT We report the case of a 26-year-old man with alcohol dependence presenting with a fictitious illness leading to hospital admission and consumption of ethanol-based hand sanitizer in the emergency department (ED). The patient initially presented reporting severe abdominal pain that persisted despite medications. The initial laboratory tests and imaging were non-significant. The patient was later caught stealing hand sanitizer bottles, consuming them within 4-6 h. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased alcohol intoxication, especially in EDs. Hand sanitizers, including ethanol, are toxic and hazardous when misused, mostly by adolescents and young adults. Treatments include glucose determination, dextrose infusion, and thiamine perfusion. Strategies to reduce ethanol intoxication include eliminating hand sanitizers, using wall-fixed sanitizers, and using sanitizer wipes. CONCLUSIONS Patients with alcohol use disorder are known to develop alcohol-seeking behaviors. This report has highlighted that healthcare professionals should be aware that the increased availability of ethanol-based hand sanitizers, some of which contain toxic antiviral chemical agents, may be targeted by individuals with alcohol dependency.

['D006801', 'D008297', 'D000328', 'D064548', 'D000435', 'D000086382', 'D000431', 'D000437', 'D004636', 'D000086402']

eng

A systematic review of validity of US survey measures for assessing substance use and substance use disorders.

The steep rise in substance use and substance use disorder (SUD) shows an urgency to assess its prevalence using valid measures. This systematic review summarizes the validity of measures to assess the prevalence of substance use and SUD in the US estimated in population and sub-population-based surveys.

['D006801', 'D019966', 'D014481', 'D015203', 'D015995', 'D006306', 'D011795', 'D012680']

eng

Virtual reality cue-exposure therapy in reducing cocaine craving: the Promoting Innovative COgnitive behavioral therapy for Cocaine use disorder (PICOC) study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Cocaine craving is a central symptom of cocaine use disorders (CUD). Virtual reality cue-exposure therapy for craving (VRCET) allows more immersive, realistic, and controllable exposure than traditional non-VR cue-exposure therapy (CET), whose efficacy is limited in treating substance use disorders. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of VRCET, as a stand-alone and add-on intervention (i.e., combined with cognitive therapy), compared to a picture-based CET (PCET), in reducing self-reported cocaine craving in inpatients hospitalized for CUD.

['D006801', 'D019970', 'D066249', 'D003463', 'D015928', 'D063367', 'D016896', 'D016032', 'D013997', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D005260']

eng

Chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity and its symptoms in patients with breast cancer: a scoping review.

Chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity is a significant concern because it is a major cause of morbidity. This study aimed to provide in-depth information on the symptoms of chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity (CRCT) by exploring literature that concurrently reports the types and symptoms of CRCT in patients with breast cancer.

['D006801', 'D001943', 'D066126', 'D005260', 'D000970']

eng

Study on the efficiency of virtual reality in the treatment of alcohol use disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial : E-Reva.

According to the World Health Organization, alcohol is a major global public health problem, leading to a significant increase in illness and death. To treat alcohol use disorders, new therapeutic tools are being promoted, among which virtual reality (VR) shows promise. Previous research has demonstrated the efficacy of VR in reducing alcohol cravings in patients, but there is a lack of data on its effectiveness in maintaining abstinence or reducing consumption in recently abstinent individuals. The E-Reva study aims to compare the efficacy of a treatment strategy combining virtual reality cue exposure therapy (VR-CET) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with conventional CBT in reducing alcohol consumption and craving in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). In addition to this primary objective, the study will compare the effects of VR-CET combined with CBT on anxiety, depression, rumination, and feelings of self-efficacy versus conventional CBT.

['D006801', 'D015928', 'D063367', 'D016032', 'D000437', 'D011446', 'D016896', 'D066249', 'D015337', 'D064829', 'D005602', 'D013997', 'D000328', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D003463', 'D000076142', 'D000428']

eng

Using qualitative system dynamics modeling to understand overdose bystander behavior in the context of Connecticut's Good Samaritan Laws and identify effective policy options.

Good Samaritan Laws are a harm reduction policy intended to facilitate a reduction in fatal opioid overdoses by enabling bystanders, first responders, and health care providers to assist individuals experiencing an overdose without facing civil or criminal liability. However, Good Samaritan Laws may not be reaching their full impact in many communities due to a lack of knowledge of protections under these laws, distrust in law enforcement, and fear of legal consequences among potential bystanders. The purpose of this study was to develop a systems-level understanding of the factors influencing bystander responses to opioid overdose in the context of Connecticut's Good Samaritan Laws and identify high-leverage policies for improving opioid-related outcomes and implementation of these laws in Connecticut (CT).

['D006801', 'D040261', 'D003237', 'D000083682', 'D009292', 'D009270', 'D062787', 'D006291', 'D035846']

eng

Application of two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in radiotherapy-related cardiac systolic dysfunction and analysis of its risk factors: a prospective cohort study.

The cardiac toxicity of radiotherapy (RT) can affect cancer survival rates over the long term. This has been confirmed in patients with breast cancer and lymphoma. However, there are few studies utilizing the two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) to evaluate the risk factors affecting radiation induced heart disease (RIHD), and there is a lack of quantitative data. Therefore, we intend to explore the risk factors for RIHD and quantify them using 2D-STE technology.

['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D008875', 'D011446', 'D011237', 'D000368', 'D016277', 'D011832', 'D018570', 'D013599', 'D066126', 'D012307', 'D000328', 'D013997', 'D013899', 'D011878', 'D016278', 'D004452', 'D000082742', 'D013318']

eng

Central Nervous System Adverse Reactions to Amantadine Intoxication: A Case Report and Analysis of JADER.

A few case reports of central nervous system (CNS) symptoms caused by amantadine intoxication have been published, detailing various types of symptoms and differing times to onset. We encountered a patient who developed CNS symptoms with amantadine. This prompted us to investigate the types, time to onset, and outcome of CNS adverse reactions to amantadine by analyzing data from a pharmacovigilance database.

['D006801', 'D000547', 'D008297', 'D016907', 'D060735', 'D002490', 'D005260', 'D002493', 'D007564', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D064420']

eng

Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: Population Estimates - United States, 2022.

In 2022, 81,806 opioid-involved overdose deaths were reported in the United States, more than in any previous year. Medications for opioid use disorder (OUD), particularly buprenorphine and methadone, substantially reduce overdose-related and overall mortality. However, only a small proportion of persons with OUD receive these medications. Data from the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health were applied to a cascade of care framework to estimate and characterize U.S. adult populations who need OUD treatment, receive any OUD treatment, and receive medications for OUD. In 2022, 3.7% of U.S. adults aged ≥18 years needed OUD treatment. Among these, only 25.1% received medications for OUD. Most adults who needed OUD treatment either did not perceive that they needed it (42.7%) or received OUD treatment without medications for OUD (30.0%). Compared with non-Hispanic Black or African American and Hispanic or Latino adults, higher percentages of non-Hispanic White adults received any OUD treatment. Higher percentages of men and adults aged 35-49 years received medications for OUD than did women and younger or older adults. Expanded communication about the effectiveness of medications for OUD is needed. Increased efforts to engage persons with OUD in treatment that includes medications are essential. Clinicians and other treatment providers should offer or arrange evidence-based treatment, including medications, for patients with OUD. Pharmacists and payors can work to make these medications available without delays.

['D006801', 'D014481', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D009293', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D002047', 'D000368', 'D058850', 'D008691']

eng

Association of Cannabis Use Disorder With Hospitalizations for Pulmonary Embolism and Subsequent in-Hospital Mortality in Young Adults: A Contemporary Nationwide Analysis.

With the increase in popularity of cannabis and its use and the lack of large-scale data on cannabis use and venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism (PE), we used a nationally representative cohort of young adults (aged 18-44 years) to compare the odds of admissions and in-hospital mortality of PE with and without cannabis use disorder (CUD).

['D006801', 'D017052', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D011655', 'D000328', 'D055815', 'D014481', 'D000293', 'D002189', 'D006760', 'D012307', 'D012189', 'D018570', 'D007902', 'D057216', 'D016208']

eng

Adverse Drug Reaction Patterns of First-line Anti-tubercular Drugs among Saharia Tuberculosis Patients: An Observational Study in Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group of Madhya Pradesh, India.

The Saharia tribe of Madhya Pradesh has a very high tuberculosis (TB) burden. However, there is no report of adverse drug reaction (ADR) available in patients receiving anti-TB chemotherapy in the community. Reporting and monitoring of ADRs among TB patients is still rare in marginalized communities. An observational prospective study was performed from November 2019 to June 2020 to assess the patterns of ADRs in 250 Saharia TB patients, who were prescribed Category-I daily DOTS (HRZE) by the physician. Both male and female participants equally experienced ADR during the treatment, but relatively more females (92.6%) than males (88.6%) reported ADR during Phase I. Out of 250 patients, 224 patients (89.6%) experienced one or more ADRs in Phase I. The central nervous system-related (75.6%) ADR was mostly reported followed by any gastrointestinal (74.4%), cardiovascular (49.2%) and any dermatological related (44.4%) ADRs. It is paramount to timely monitor and proactively manages ADRs pertaining to anti-TB drug treatment with minimal alteration in the treatment course.

['D006801', 'D007194', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000995', 'D000328', 'D011446', 'D008875', 'D014376', 'D064420', 'D000293', 'D055815', 'D023801', 'D000368']

eng

Clinical Profile and Outcome in Snake Envenomation in the Maval Region of Western Maharashtra: A Rural Tertiary Health-care Hospital Experience.

A prospective observational study was conducted in a rural tertiary health-care hospital in the Maval region to analyze sociodemographic contributors, clinical profile, and outcomes in snake envenomation. Fifty-eight patients with confirmed snakebites admitted to the hospital from November 2019 to August 2021 were studied. Snakebite was found to be the most common in middle-aged adult male agricultural population while working outdoors in the daytime. Bleeding from the bite site and other areas such as the oral cavity, swelling, and bluish discoloration of the affected limb were the clinical features observed. Complications such as cellulitis and acute kidney injury were detected in 81% of patients. Despite this, there was no mortality or permanent disability in any of the patients. The knowledge of risk factors can help the vulnerable agrarian population to protect themselves from snakebites. Good medical facilities such as intensive care units, laboratory support, and availability of antisnake venom and blood products are important determinants in final patient outcome.

['D012909', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D007194', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D011446', 'D005260', 'D062606', 'D055815', 'D000293', 'D012307', 'D000997', 'D000368']

eng

Types of childhood maltreatment as predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder severity and complex posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with substance use disorders.

Background: Childhood maltreatment (CM) can be divided into: emotional abuse (EA), physical abuse (PA), sexual abuse (SA), emotional neglect (EN), and physical neglect (PN). CM is associated with (Complex)Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD/CPTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD).Objective: This cross-sectional study examined the relationships between CM-subtypes with PTSD-severity and CPTSD in patients with SUD-PTSD.Method: Participants (N = 209) were treatment-seeking SUD-PTSD patients who completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-short form, the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 and the International Trauma Questionnaire. Regression analyses and a model selection procedure to select an optimal model were used to examine CM-subtypes as predictors of (C)PTSD, adjusted for sex and age.Results: Total CM and all CM-types significantly predicted PTSD-severity in the univariate regression analysis, with EA begin the strongest predictor. In the multiple regression only SA predicted PTSD-severity. Subsequently, model selection indicated that the optimal model to predict PTSD-severity included EA and SA. In the univariate analyses total CM, EA, and PN significantly predicted CPTSD-classification, and total CM and all CM-types significantly predicted CPTSD-severity. In the multiple regression for CPTSD-classification only EA and PA were significant predictors and for CPTSD-severity EA, PA and SA were significant predictors. In post-hoc multiple regression analyses, only EA was a significant predictor of CPTSD-classification and CPTSD-severity. Finally, in the model selection the most parsimonious model only included EA for both CPTSD-classification and CPTSD-severity. Sex was not a moderator in the relationship between CM and PTSD, nor in CM and CPTSD.Conclusions: These findings indicate that for SUD-PTSD patients, several CM-types have predictive value for (C)PTSD-severity, however SA and especially EA appear to contribute to these complaints. Since EA does not constitute an A-criterion, it is generally more overlooked in PTSD treatment. Its impact should therefore be underlined, and clinicians should be attentive to EA in their treatment.

['D006801', 'D013313', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D019966', 'D003430', 'D000328', 'D011795', 'D002649', 'D054523', 'D008875', 'D012720', 'D002648']

eng

Intoxication cases in the Emergency Department at a Norwegian University Hospital 2019-20.

Acute intoxication is a common chief complaint in emergency medicine, but there is a lack of up-to-date studies from the emergency departments in Norway on the incidence and prevalence of various toxic substances. The aim of this study was to survey acute intoxications at the emergency department of St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim.

['D006801', 'D009664', 'D004636', 'D000328', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D006785', 'D008875', 'D055815', 'D011041', 'D001569', 'D000435', 'D012189', 'D015994', 'D000293', 'D062787']

eng

Anaphylaxis triggered by alpha-gal allergy.

Alpha-gal allergy or red meat allergy is a rare yet potentially severe allergy. Sensitisation usually occurs when alpha-gal present in the tick's saliva is transferred to humans during a tick bite, prompting the production of IgE antibodies to alpha-gal. Subsequent exposure to mammalian meat or other products containing alpha-gal can lead to allergic reactions.

['D006801', 'D000707', 'D005512', 'D008297', 'D007073', 'D064927', 'D008875', 'D000069466']

eng

Establishing an early warning surveillance system in jails in Calabarzon, the Philippines, 2021.

The Philippines' Republic Act 11332 (2020) mandates prisons, jails and detention centres to participate in disease surveillance, but currently no surveillance system exists in these facilities. This report aims to describe the piloting of an early warning disease surveillance system in 21 selected jails in Calabarzon from July to September 2021. Sites were selected based on congestion, proximity to health facilities and logistical capacity. Data sources, collection mechanisms and reporting tools were determined and health personnel were trained in the operation of the system. During the implementation period, the system detected 10 health events, with influenza-like illness and foodborne illness being the most common. Nine of these events were reported within 24 hours. The local health unit provided medications for clinical management and instructed jail nurses on infection prevention and control measures, including active case finding, the isolation of cases and the inspection of food handling. Twelve sites reported over 8 of the 10 weeks, with all sites reporting zero cases promptly. The challenges identified included insufficient workforce, slow internet speed and multitasking. It was concluded that the jail-based early warning surveillance system is feasible and functional, but the perceived benefits of jail management are crucial to the acceptability and ownership of the system. It is recommended to replicate the surveillance system in other penitentiaries nationwide.

['D006801', 'D010679', 'D011159', 'D000081702', 'D004196', 'D011330']

eng

Effects of temporary access to environmental enrichment on measures of laboratory mouse welfare.

Laboratory mice are typically housed in "shoebox" cages with limited opportunities to engage in natural behaviour. Temporary access to environments with increased space and complexity (playpens) may improve mouse welfare. Previous work by our group has shown that mice are motivated to access and use these environments, but it is unknown how other aspects of welfare are impacted. Female C57BL/6J, BALB/cJ, and DBA/2J mice (n = 21; 7 mice per strain) were housed in mixed-strain trios and given temporary access to a large playpen with their cage mates three times per week. Control mice (n = 21; 7 mice per strain) remained in their home cages. Home cage behaviour (development of stereotypic behaviour over time, aggression following cage-changing) and anxiety tests were used to assess how playpen access impacted welfare. Contrary to our predictions, we found increased time spent performing stereotypies in playpen mice; this difference may be related to negative emotional states, increased motivation to escape the home cage, or active coping strategies. Playpen access resulted in strain-dependent improvements in aggression and some measures of anxiety. Aggression was lower for C57BL/6J mice in the playpen treatment following cage changing than it was for C57BL/6J control mice, while playpen mice, and particularly the C57BL/6J strain, spent more time in the center of the open field test and produced fewer fecal boli during anxiety testing, supporting other research showing that strain differences play an important role in behaviour and stress resiliency.

['D000818', 'D000827', 'D051379', 'D005260', 'D008810', 'D006799', 'D001522', 'D000374', 'D001007', 'D008807', 'D008811', 'D013239']

eng

A retrospective cross-sectional study of risk factors for communicable disease diagnoses among refugees in mainland Greek camps, 2016-2017.

Communicable disease risk is high in refugee camps and reception centers. To better understand the risks for communicable disease diagnoses among refugees and asylum seekers, this study assesses individual- and camp-level risk factors among individuals utilizing Médecins du Monde clinics in four large refugee camps-Elliniko, Malakasa, Koutsochero, and Raidestos-on mainland Greece between July 2016 and May 2017. Descriptive statistics are reported for the demographic characteristics of the study population and for communicable disease burdens within the four camps-Elliniko, Malakasa, Raidestos, and Koutsochero. A hierarchical generalized linear model was used to assess risk factors for communicable disease diagnoses while accounting for individual-level clustering. This study shows marginal patterns in risk factors for communicable disease. Males had marginally higher risk of communicable disease diagnosis than females (OR = 1.12; 95% CI 0.97-1.29), and increased age was more protective against communicable disease for females (OR = 0.957; 95% CI 0.953-0.961) than for males (OR = 0.963; 95% CI 0.959-0.967). Communicable disease risk was significantly different between camps, with Elliniko (OR = 1.58; 95% CI 1.40-1.79) and Malakasa (OR = 1.43; 95% CI 1.25-1.63) having higher odds of communicable disease than Raidestos. The demographic and epidemiologic profiles of displaced populations differ across settings, and epidemiologic baselines for displaced populations are fundamental to evidence-informed provision of humanitarian aid. Further, while influences and risks for negative health outcomes in complex emergencies are broadly, the causal mechanisms that underpin these relationships are not as well understood. Both practitioners and researchers should engage with further research to elucidate the mechanisms through which these risks operate among displaced populations, including multilevel analyses.

['D006801', 'D008297', 'D012036', 'D005260', 'D006115', 'D012307', 'D000328', 'D003430', 'D003141', 'D008875', 'D000293', 'D000073017', 'D012189', 'D055815', 'D002648', 'D002675', 'D007223', 'D000368']

eng

Empirical validation of integrated stock assessment models to ensuring risk equivalence: A pathway to resilient fisheries management.

The Precautionary Approach to Fisheries Management requires an assessment of the impact of uncertainty on the risk of achieving management objectives. However, the main quantities, such as spawning stock biomass (SSB) and fish mortality (F), used in management metrics cannot be directly observed. This requires the use of models to provide guidance, for which there are three paradigms: the best assessment, model ensemble, and Management Strategy Evaluation (MSE). It is important to validate the models used to provide advice. In this study, we demonstrate how stock assessment models can be validated using a diagnostic toolbox, with a specific focus on prediction skill. Prediction skill measures the precision of a predicted value, which is unknown to the model, in relation to its observed value. By evaluating the accuracy of model predictions against observed data, prediction skill establishes an objective framework for accepting or rejecting model hypotheses, as well as for assigning weights to models within an ensemble. Our analysis uncovers the limitations of traditional stock assessment methods. Through the quantification of uncertainties and the integration of multiple models, our objective is to improve the reliability of management advice considering the complex interplay of factors that influence the dynamics of fish stocks.

['D005398', 'D000818', 'D005399', 'D035501', 'D018533', 'D008962', 'D003247', 'D015203', 'D018570']

eng

Housing Status and Acute Care Use After Cancer Diagnosis.

This cohort study examines housing status and acute care use after a cancer diagnosis among individuals treated at a public hospital in San Francisco, California.

['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D009369', 'D008875', 'D006798', 'D000368', 'D000328']

eng

Complex artificial intelligence models for energy sustainability in educational buildings.

Energy consumption of constructed educational facilities significantly impacts economic, social and environment sustainable development. It contributes to approximately 37% of the carbon dioxide emissions associated with energy use and procedures. This paper aims to introduce a study that investigates several artificial intelligence-based models to predict the energy consumption of the most important educational buildings; schools. These models include decision trees, K-nearest neighbors, gradient boosting, and long-term memory networks. The research also investigates the relationship between the input parameters and the yearly energy usage of educational buildings. It has been discovered that the school sizes and AC capacities are the most impact variable associated with higher energy consumption. While 'Type of School' is less direct or weaker correlation with 'Annual Consumption'. The four developed models were evaluated and compared in training and testing stages. The Decision Tree model demonstrates strong performance on the training data with an average prediction error of about 3.58%. The K-Nearest Neighbors model has significantly higher errors, with RMSE on training data as high as 38,429.4, which may be indicative of overfitting. In contrast, Gradient Boosting can almost perfectly predict the variations within the training dataset. The performance metrics suggest that some models manage this variability better than others, with Gradient Boosting and LSTM standing out in terms of their ability to handle diverse data ranges, from the minimum consumption of approximately 99,274.95 to the maximum of 683,191.8. This research underscores the importance of sustainable educational buildings not only as physical learning spaces but also as dynamic environments that contribute to informal educational processes. Sustainable buildings serve as real-world examples of environmental stewardship, teaching students about energy efficiency and sustainability through their design and operation. By incorporating advanced AI-driven tools to optimize energy consumption, educational facilities can become interactive learning hubs that encourage students to engage with concepts of sustainability in their everyday surroundings.

['D001185', 'D012574', 'D006801', 'D003246', 'D003663', 'D008962']

eng

Impacts of ocean warming on fish size reductions on the world's hottest coral reefs.

The impact of ocean warming on fish and fisheries is vigorously debated. Leading theories project limited adaptive capacity of tropical fishes and 14-39% size reductions by 2050 due to mass-scaling limitations of oxygen supply in larger individuals. Using the world's hottest coral reefs in the Persian/Arabian Gulf as a natural laboratory for ocean warming - where species have survived >35.0 °C summer temperatures for over 6000 years and are 14-40% smaller at maximum size compared to cooler locations - we identified two adaptive pathways that enhance survival at elevated temperatures across 10 metabolic and swimming performance metrics. Comparing Lutjanus ehrenbergii and Scolopsis ghanam from reefs both inside and outside the Persian/Arabian Gulf across temperatures of 27.0 °C, 31.5 °C and 35.5 °C, we reveal that these species show a lower-than-expected rise in basal metabolic demands and a right-shifted thermal window, which aids in maintaining oxygen supply and aerobic performance to 35.5 °C. Importantly, our findings challenge traditional oxygen-limitation theories, suggesting a mismatch in energy acquisition and demand as the primary driver of size reductions. Our data support a modified resource-acquisition theory to explain how ocean warming leads to species-specific size reductions and why smaller individuals are evolutionarily favored under elevated temperatures.

['D000818', 'D057894', 'D049628', 'D057232', 'D009792', 'D005399', 'D019156', 'D010100', 'D013696', 'D006358', 'D005398']

eng

Private management of African protected areas improves wildlife and tourism outcomes but with security concerns in conflict regions.

Protected areas can conserve wildlife and benefit people when managed effectively. African governments increasingly delegate the management of protected areas to private, nongovernmental organizations, hoping that private organizations' significant resources and technical capacities actualize protected areas' potential. Does private sector management improve outcomes compared to a counterfactual of government management? We leverage the transfer of management authority from governments to African Parks (AP)-the largest private manager of protected areas in Africa-to show that private management significantly improves wildlife outcomes via reduced elephant poaching and increased bird abundances. Our results also suggest that AP's management augments tourism, while the effect on rural wealth is inconclusive. However, AP's management increases the risk of armed groups targeting civilians, which could be an unintended outcome of AP's improved monitoring and enforcement systems. These findings reveal an intricate interplay between conservation, economic development, and security under privately managed protected areas in Africa.

['D003247', 'D000818', 'D000349', 'D000835', 'D017149', 'D000085926', 'D006801', 'D004606', 'D001717', 'D000068316']

eng

Navigating Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Access: Qualitative Insights From Black Women at a Northeastern Historically Black College and University.

Black women are essential to ending the HIV epidemic in the United States; yet prevention, access, testing, and structural racism affect how HIV disproportionately affects them. Limited public health research focuses on Black women attending Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and the ability to address HIV prevention, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake. PrEP is a once-daily oral pill used to prevent HIV transmission and has suboptimal uptake within the Black community. This generic qualitative descriptive analysis identifies the barriers and facilitators of PrEP uptake among Black women attending an HBCU using the health belief model. Overall, 22 Black college women participated in a 60-minute focus group. Emergent categories were as follows: (a) Barriers-stigma, cost, and side effects; (b) Facilitators-PrEP's effectiveness, exposure to HIV, and unprotected sex. Our findings can inform future efforts to increase PrEP uptake among Black women attending an HBCU.

['D006801', 'D005260', 'D065129', 'D015658', 'D036301', 'D014495', 'D001741', 'D000328', 'D019380', 'D017144', 'D055815', 'D057545', 'D006297', 'D007722', 'D010342', 'D013334', 'D063505', 'D000293']

eng

A Study about Perceptions of Kimono among College Students and Kimono Enthusiasts: Is It Difficult to Move in a Kimono?

Kimono is being reevaluated for its sustainability aspects, such as having fewer offcuts in the production process due to its structural differences from Western-style clothes and its high reusability due to the adaptability to individuals' body shapes. On the other hand, once a common attire for daily wear in Japan, kimono has transitioned to being worn only on special events and the kimono-related industry has also shrunk. To stimulate demand for kimono, it is essential to familiarize younger generations with its potential as daily wear.

['D006801', 'D013334', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D055815', 'D011795', 'D014495', 'D007564', 'D010465', 'D003020', 'D000328', 'D000293']

eng

Partnering to Address Health Inequities among Incarcerated Populations: Prisons, Jails, and COVID-19 Vaccination.

Incarcerated people have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and face significant challenges to COVID-19 vaccine confidence.

['D006801', 'D000086663', 'D000086382', 'D011329', 'D011330', 'D055812', 'D000081702', 'D000086402']

eng

Lessons Learned in Forming an Academic-Community Partnership with Families Affected by the Juvenile Justice System.

Families of youth involved in the juvenile justice system (YJJ) are integral to YJJ well-being, so it is important to consider the direct input of YJJ families as well as YJJ themselves in justice system reform efforts aiming to improve YJJ health outcomes.

['D006801', 'D055812', 'D007604', 'D000293', 'D003159', 'D014495', 'D005190']

fre

[Healthcare professionals' perception of advanced nursing practice in Ehpad with regard to the risk of drug iatrogenicity in heart failure patients].

Medication iatrogenia is a real public health problem. Elderly people are particularly at risk, due to their multiple pathologies, including heart failure; residents of residential care facilities for the dependent elderly (Ehpad) are no exception. Studies show that this risk is avoidable in 60% of cases, and that advanced practice nurses (APNs) can play a pivotal role in preventive measures. How would the role of the APN be perceived by other healthcare professionals working with these heart failure patients institutionalized in Ehpad?

['D006801', 'D006333', 'D057179', 'D000368', 'D006707', 'D001291', 'D007049', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D005602', 'D009735', 'D011795']

eng

Subjective health literacy skills among Greek secondary school students: results from a national-wide survey.

Health literacy is a significant element of education and is inextricably linked to children's and adolescents' growth and prosperity. It is critical to monitor students' health literacy on a nationwide scale and identify the factors that influence it in order to create policies that advance it. The purpose of this study was to determine the health literacy level of Greek secondary school students and to correlate it with possible determinants such as personal and family characteristics, social support and personal and/or family illness experiences. A representative sample of 2749 seventh-, ninth-, and tenth-grade students was involved. Results showed that a higher motivation to learn about health topics and having positive social interactions and support were strongly associated with a higher level of health literacy. Gender, high academic achievement, absence of learning disabilities, gender, preference for biology and informatics and primary source of health information were also found to influence the skills' level. In order to enhance health literacy, the Greek educational system should take measures to include health literacy skills development goals in their curricula.

['D006801', 'D006115', 'D008297', 'D057220', 'D005260', 'D000293', 'D013334', 'D011795', 'D012944', 'D009042', 'D012574', 'D002648', 'D012737']

eng

African swine fever virus DNA is present in non-biting flies collected from outbreak farms in Romania.

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and severe haemorrhagic disease of Suidae, with mortalities that approach 100 percent. Several studies suggested the potential implication of non-biting dipterans in the spread of ASFV in pig farms due to the identification of the ASFV DNA. However, to our knowledge, no study has evaluated the viral DNA load in non-biting dipterans collected in outbreak farms and no risk factors have been analysed. In this context, our study aimed to analyse the risk factors associated with the presence of non-biting dipterans collected from ASF outbreaks in relation to the presence and load of viral DNA.

['D000818', 'D000358', 'D000357', 'D013552', 'D004196', 'D000072480', 'D004279', 'D012383', 'D004175', 'D007303']

eng

Prevalence and risk factors of scabies among children living in Madrasahs (Islamic religious boarding schools) of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study.

To determine the prevalence and associated factors of scabies among the children living in the Madrasahs (Islamic religious educational institution) of Bangladesh was the objective of the study.

['D006801', 'D012532', 'D008297', 'D001459', 'D005260', 'D003430', 'D002648', 'D015995', 'D000293', 'D012307', 'D002675', 'D007514', 'D012574']

eng

A cross-sectional study of university students' awareness, knowledge, and attitudes on organ donation and transplantation in Northern Cyprus.

Understanding the knowledge and attitudes of university students regarding organ transplantation and donation is crucial, as these students can significantly influence public opinion and behavior. This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitudes of North Cyprus University students towards organ transplantation and donation.

['D006801', 'D003430', 'D003535', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D007722', 'D009927', 'D014495', 'D013334', 'D055815', 'D016377', 'D000328', 'D011795', 'D000293']

eng

An integrated method for the leakage fault mode diagnosis and life prediction of the reactor coolant pump.

The reactor coolant pump is a key equipment in a nuclear power plant. If the leakage exceeds a certain threshold, it may cause reactor overheating and shutdown. The reactor coolant pump leakage fault usually has two problems: corrosion and scaling. Accurately and efficiently diagnosing the leakage fault mode as early as possible and predicting its remaining useful life (RUL) are important for taking timely maintenance measures. In this paper, an integrated method is proposed. First, the cross-sectional area of the first seal is extracted as a fault indicator. The motivation is that corrosion may enlarge the cross-sectional area, and scaling may reduce the cross-sectional area. Based on the fluid mechanics theory, an integrated model with several uncertain parameters is established among the cross-sectional area, temperature, and leakage at the inlet and outlet of the first seal. In the diagnosing process, a modified change-detection method is proposed to detect the starting point of degradation. Then, the unknown parameters in the previous relation are estimated, and the degrading data before the starting point of degradation are used to diagnose the leakage fault mode. Second, a time-series model of the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) is established to predict the remaining useful life based on the degrading data after the starting point of degradation. Finally, the leakage degrading data from six reactor coolant pumps of a nuclear power plant is used to perform the leakage fault mode diagnosis and life prediction with degradation point detection error rates not exceeding 4%, fault mode diagnosis correction rates 100% and practical RUL predicting results, which proves that the proposed integrated method is accurate and efficient. The proposed integrated method combines the advantages of both the physical model diagnosis and the data-driven model diagnosis and innovatively make use of the quantity of flow from the output side of the primary pump as the monitoring indicator and the cross-sectional area as the characteristic index together to diagnose the leakage fault mode happened to the seal and predict its RUL, which can meet the needs of actual operation and maintenance to ensure a healthy and stable operation of the pump and prevent unexpected shutdowns of nuclear power plants and serious accidents.

['D055848', 'D008962', 'D009688', 'D004868', 'D019544']

eng

Dear admission committee…: Which moves in application essays predict student master grades?

Application essays are a commonly used admission instrument for students entering higher education. The quality of the essay is usually scored, but this score is often subjective and has poor interrater reliability due to the unstructured format of the essays. This results in mixed findings on the validity of application essays as an admission instrument. We propose a more objective method of using application essays, using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), a text mining method, to distinguish seven moves occurring in application essays written by students who apply to a master degree program. We use the probability that these moves occur in the essay to predict study success in the master. Thereby we answer the following research question: What is the effect of discussing different moves in students' application essays on the student grades in a master program? From the seven different moves (functional unit of text) we distinguished, five of which have a significant effect on student grades. The moves we labeled as 'master specific' and 'interest to learn' have a positive effect on student grades, and the moves we labeled as 'research skills', 'societal impact' and 'city and university' have a negative effect. Our interpretation of this finding is that topics related to intrinsic motivation and specific knowledge, as opposed to generic knowledge, are positively related with study success. We thereby demonstrate that application essays can be a valid predictor of study success. This contributes to justifying their use as admission instruments.

['D006801', 'D013334', 'D012570', 'D014495', 'D004521']

eng

Characterization of small-scale net fisheries off the coast of Guyana.

Fish stocks have declined rapidly over the past half-century due to the increased demand for seafood and unsustainable fishing practices. The incidental capture of non-target species (bycatch) is a pervasive issue in fisheries management and has led to population declines in non-target species worldwide. The fisheries sector in Guyana currently supports the livelihoods of over 10,000 Guyanese and contributes approximately 2% to the country's GDP. Bycatch is believed to be a major threat to Guyana's marine fisheries, especially the small-scale sector, due to a lack of management infrastructure and limited data and monitoring. Here, we assessed bycatch in Guyana's artisanal gillnet and Chinese seine fisheries through vessel observations and semi-structured interviews with local fishers. Most of the discarded species documented had no commercial importance to the fisheries in Guyana. Although no statistical difference was observed among the bycatch rates in the gillnet and Chinese seine fisheries, the latter generally had more discarded individuals, most of which were juveniles. The Shannon-Weiner diversity index showed a greater diversity of bycatch species in the gillnet fisheries compared to the Chinese seine. Jaccard's similarity index indicated a low similarity among the gear types. Even though most fishers were aware of bycatch, they did not view it as a major issue and were not interested in reducing their discards. We recommend a collaborative approach in exploring solutions to ensure the ecological and socioeconomic sustainability of the fisheries sector.

['D005398', 'D006172', 'D000818', 'D003247', 'D005399', 'D044822', 'D017747']

spa

[Dr. Valentin Grandis and Dr. Virgilio Ducceschi, two italian masters who initiated Experimental Physiology at the Faculty of Medical Sciences - Universidad Nacional De Cordoba (Argentina)].

This paper examines the significant contribution of Dr. Valentín Grandis and Dr. Virgilio Ducceschi to the founding and development of experimental physiology at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the National University of Córdoba (UNC), Argentina. Although the most notable contribution to the field of experimental physiology in Argentina is attributed to Bernardo Alberto Houssay, this study highlights the importance of the previous and fundamental efforts of Grandis and Ducceschi, two Italian professors whose work in Buenos Aires and Córdoba laid the foundations for research and teaching in this discipline. The paper details how, in 1904, the arrival of Valentin Grandis at the UNC marked the formal beginning of the teaching and practice of experimental physiology at the institution, followed by the incorporation of Virgilio Ducceschi, who continued and expanded Grandis' legacy. The work of these two Italian masters involved not only the installation of a state-of-the-art laboratory but also the establishment of a solid academic and scientific foundation that would influence future generations of Argentine physicians and researchers. Through a detailed analysis of their biographies, scientific contributions, and the impact of their work, this paper illustrates how Grandis and Ducceschi were key figures in the development of medical science in Argentina, particularly in the field of experimental physiology. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of their educational approach and their ability to train disciples who would continue their research, thus ensuring the permanence of their legacy at the National University of Córdoba and in Argentine science in general. In conclusion, this paper vindicates and celebrates the contributions of Valentín Grandis and Virgilio Ducceschi to the initiation of research and experimentation in physiology and biological chemistry at the UNC, highlighting their importance in the advancement of medicine and science in Argentina.

['D001118', 'D007558', 'D010827', 'D049673', 'D005180', 'D012577', 'D006801', 'D014495']

eng

Metaproteomic Analysis of Microbial Communities Affecting Fishery Products.

Fishery products are one of the main human nutritional sources, and due to the consumption increase, the quality of the derived products may be modified, during catching, technological processing, and storage. Detection and identification of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms in fishery products is needed because the first may be involved in human diseases, while the second is responsible of significant economic losses. In this sense, liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method and computational analysis of MS data are useful tools for characterizing and identifying different microorganisms and to develop promising strategies for food science investigations. Moreover, in the past decade, metaproteomic methodologies have progressed for the study of microorganisms isolated from their natural samples and independently of the culture restrictions. Metaproteomics enables assessment of proteins and pathways from individual members of the consortium. Metaproteomics can provide a detailed understanding of which organisms occupy specific metabolic niches, how they interact, and how they utilize nutrients, and these insights can be obtained directly from environmental samples.According to that, the sample preparation of the fishery product, the LC-ESI-MS/MS dedicated method, and the MS data analysis were described in the present chapter to obtain the metaproteomic analysis of the respective microbiomes or microbial communities.

['D040901', 'D053719', 'D002853', 'D064307', 'D021241', 'D005398', 'D006801', 'D005396', 'D000818', 'D005516']

eng

The Social and Emotional Education and Development intervention to address wellbeing in primary school age children: the SEED cluster RCT.

Stronger social and emotional well-being during primary school is positively associated with the health and educational outcomes of young people. However, there is little evidence on which programmes are the most effective for improving social and emotional well-being.

['D006801', 'D002648', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D012606', 'D012574', 'D002675', 'D004644', 'D011795', 'D016000', 'D012572', 'D003362']

eng

Access inequalities to WASH and housing in slums in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): A scoping review.

Urban inequalities are exacerbated due to rapid urbanisation. This is also evident within slums in low- and middle-income countries, where high levels of heterogeneity amongst the slum population lead to differential experiences in Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) and housing access. This scoping review provides evidence of the interconnection of WASH and housing and presents barriers to access and the consequences thereof for slum dwellers. It does so while considering the social stratification amongst urban slum dwellers and their lived experiences. A systematic search of journal articles was conducted in November 2022 in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. A total of 33 papers were identified which were full text reviewed and data extracted. Infrastructure, social and cultural, socio-economic, governance and policy and environmental barriers emerged as general themes. Barriers to WASH and housing were more frequently described concerning women and girls due to gender norms within WASH and the home. Barriers to WASH lead to compromised health, socio-economic burdens, and adverse social impacts, thus causing residents of slums to navigate their WASH mobility spatially and over time. Insights from this review underscore the need for an intersectional approach to understanding access inequalities to WASH and housing.

['D006801', 'D011204', 'D006798', 'D012499', 'D003906', 'D006920', 'D012959']

eng

Detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and cattle (Bos taurus) at the Tabriz abattoir, Iran.

Toxoplasma gondii is a widely prevalent zoonotic protozoan parasite in humans and warm-blooded animals worldwide. Infection of humans by this parasite can result in severe clinical symptoms, particularly in individuals with congenital toxoplasmosis or immunocompromised patients. Contamination mainly occurs through foodborne routes, especially the consumption of raw or undercooked meat from animals.

['D000818', 'D002020', 'D007492', 'D002417', 'D014124', 'D000003', 'D014122', 'D002418', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D015995', 'D016133']

eng

Attitudes of 10-12-year-old primary school pupils towards food and nutrition: insights from Qualitative FGI Research - Junior-Edu-Żywienie (JEŻ) Project.

Primary school pupils aged 10-12 years constitute an interesting consumer group due to their greater autonomy in the area of nutrition, compared to the younger group of children, among other things, due to their 'pocket money' and the greater influence of their peer group. However, this is an age group at high risk of inadequate nutrition, eating disorders, including those related to obesity and underweight. Hence, the aim of the study was to explore the attitudes of pupils aged 10-12 years towards food and nutrition.

['D006801', 'D002648', 'D008297', 'D013334', 'D011044', 'D005260', 'D012574', 'D007722', 'D017144', 'D005247', 'D009752']

eng

Organisational culture in 'better' group homes for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities in England: A qualitative study.

Previous research identifies organisational culture as one of a number of factors associated with the quality of life outcomes of group home residents' with intellectual and developmental disabilities. This study aims to elaborate on the dimensions of group home culture in settings in England.

['D006801', 'D008607', 'D016352', 'D002658', 'D004739', 'D036301', 'D000328', 'D015279', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875']

eng

Housing conditions and risk of incident COPD: a Danish cohort study, 2000-2018.

More knowledge is needed on the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) associated with housing conditions and indoor environment based on cohort studies with a long follow-up time.

['D006801', 'D003718', 'D029424', 'D006798', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D008875', 'D000328', 'D015994', 'D015331', 'D000368', 'D012307']

eng

The relationship between physical exercise and problematic internet use in college students: the chain-mediated role of self-control and loneliness.

From the perspective of exercise psychology, to investigate the antefacts of problematic internet use (PIU) in college students, and to reveal the chain mediating effect of self-control and loneliness between physical exercise and PIU.

['D006801', 'D008132', 'D013334', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D015444', 'D014495', 'D055815', 'D000068356', 'D000082424', 'D002681', 'D000293', 'D000328', 'D011795']

eng

Effects of acute aerobic exercise on resting state functional connectivity of motor cortex in college students.

This study intends to inspect the effects of acute aerobic exercise (AE) on resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) in motor cortex of college students and the moderating effect of fitness level.

['D006801', 'D009044', 'D015444', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D013334', 'D055815', 'D012146', 'D000328', 'D014495', 'D019265']

eng

'Key skills' building in schools as a possible approach to reducing and preventing challenging behaviour.

Building 'key skills' may help prevent the development of challenging behaviour in children with an intellectual disability. The aim of this paper was to extend the current limited evidence in this area.

['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D002648', 'D008607', 'D000066553', 'D003430', 'D008137', 'D012574', 'D000293', 'D005500', 'D002652']

eng

School-Based Intervention for Adolescents With ADHD: Predictors of Effects on Academic, Behavioral, and Social Functioning.

Adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience significant academic, behavioral, and social skill difficulties including underachievement, risk for school dropout, poor peer relations, and emotion dysregulation. Although stimulant medication reduces ADHD symptoms, psychosocial and educational interventions are necessary to address functional impairments. We examined the nature and predictors of academic, behavioral, and social skills trajectories in response to multicomponent organizational and interpersonal skills training in 92 high school students with ADHD. Latent trajectory class analyses revealed positive treatment response ranging from 61.5% (report card grades) to 100% (inattention symptoms, organizational skills, social skills). Organizational skill and academic grade treatment response trajectories were predicted by assigned sex, pretreatment anxiety, and treatment dosage, while improvement in behavioral and social functioning was associated with better emotion regulation and family relations prior to treatment along with stronger working alliance with treatment coach at midtreatment. Multicomponent organizational and interpersonal skills training appears effective for most high school students with ADHD and the degree treatment-induced change is associated with multiple malleable factors can be leveraged to enhance intervention response.

['D006801', 'D001289', 'D000293', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D066107', 'D012574', 'D016896', 'D013334', 'D000294']

eng

Interventions targeting young people not in employment, education or training (NEET) for increased likelihood of return to school or employment-A systematic review.

The present systematic review aims to identify, synthesize, and evaluate evidence of effects from interventions targeting youth not in education, employment, or training (NEET). We searched relevant multidisciplinary databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomized re-engagement trials. Primary outcomes were participation in education and employment, and training status. Secondary outcomes included changes in financial status, quality of life and well-being, social functioning, and physical, psychological, and behavioral outcomes. The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA guidelines were applied. Eligible studies were screened, included, and extracted for data. Nine trials were included (eight RCTs and one quasi-experimental study), in which samples ranged from 96 to 7346 participants. Results on primary outcomes showed that five studies found an effect of interventions on employment outcomes, while three studies indicated an effect on education or training. Results on secondary outcomes included effects on mental health, subjective health complaints, drug use, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. Studies with other main outcomes than re-engagement showed an effect of interventions on pass rates for the driving test, independent housing, and increased job-seeking activities. Limitations and future directions are discussed, including the lack of rigorous studies, theoretical underpinnings, and standardized measures for re-engagement outcomes. Systematic review registration: registered in PROSPERO, CRD42023463837.

['D006801', 'D004651', 'D000293', 'D062707', 'D012574', 'D011788', 'D055815', 'D016032']

eng

Plans for U.S. bat lab spark outbreak fears.

Colorado team presses on amid opposition, loss of EcoHealth Alliance partnership.

['D002685', 'D000818', 'D000086382', 'D014481', 'D006801', 'D007753', 'D004196', 'D003120']

eng

Cracking AlphaFold2: Leveraging the power of artificial intelligence in undergraduate biochemistry curriculums.

AlphaFold2 is an Artificial Intelligence-based program developed to predict the 3D structure of proteins given only their amino acid sequence at atomic resolution. Due to the accuracy and efficiency at which AlphaFold2 can generate 3D structure predictions and its widespread adoption into various aspects of biochemical research, the technique of protein structure prediction should be considered for incorporation into the undergraduate biochemistry curriculum. A module for introducing AlphaFold2 into a senior-level biochemistry laboratory classroom was developed. The module's focus was to have students predict the structures of proteins from the MPOX 22 global outbreak virus isolate genome, which had no structures elucidated at that time. The goal of this study was to both determine the impact the module had on students and to develop a framework for introducing AlphaFold2 into the undergraduate curriculum so that instructors for biochemistry courses, regardless of their background in bioinformatics, could adapt the module into their classrooms.

['D003479', 'D001185', 'D006801', 'D001671', 'D019295', 'D011487', 'D013334', 'D012984', 'D014495', 'D011506', 'D000595']

eng

Endotoxin, a novel biomarker for the rapid risk assessment of faecal contamination of coastal and transitional waters.

Current methods for testing water for faecal contamination rely on the culture of faecal indicator bacteria (FIB; Escherichia coli and Enterococci) that take 24-48 h, which leads to delays in taking proactive measures and poses a risk to public health. More rapid methods are therefore required. Here, we have tested a rapid, portable assay (Bacterisk) that detects the bacterial biomarker endotoxin in 30 min to quantify the bacterial biomass present, to evaluate 159 coastal water samples and to compare the results with the traditional culture of FIB. There was a significant correlation between the Bacterisk data given in endotoxin risk (ER) units and FIB culture that could accurately distinguish between poor and sufficient or good quality bathing water using the EU bathing directive values. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine the optimal ER threshold for coastal water samples, and the area under the curve was 0.9176 with a p-value of <0.0001. The optimal threshold was 7,300 ER units with a sensitivity of 95.45% and a specificity of 83.48%. In conclusion, we have shown that the Bacterisk assay provides a rapid and easy-to-use in situ method to assess bathing water quality.

['D005243', 'D004731', 'D004784', 'D012623', 'D018570', 'D015415', 'D014871', 'D001493', 'D004926', 'D060753']

eng

Prevalence and Association of Digital Eye Strain with the Quality of Sleep and Feeling of Loneliness among Female College Students in Northern India.

Because of COVID's impact on social behavior, students have become more reliant on computer-facilitated communication to continue their studies and interact with friends. While it is known that the association between screen exposure and psychological well-being is both harmful and stronger among adolescents than younger children, what is less studied are the causal factors that may mediate the relationship.

['D006801', 'D005260', 'D007194', 'D008132', 'D013334', 'D055815', 'D000086382', 'D000293', 'D015995', 'D014495', 'D000089943', 'D011795', 'D000328', 'D001248']

eng

Airborne Infection Control Practices in Homes for the Aged in the Context of Tuberculosis Elimination.

National Strategic Plan to End tuberculosis (TB) in India 2020-2025 aims to prevent the emergence of TB in susceptible populations. Airborne infection control (AIC) practices in high-risk settings like homes for the aged (HFA) will be essential to achieve this.

['D006801', 'D007194', 'D014691', 'D017053', 'D014376', 'D006707', 'D007407', 'D008297']

eng

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among Young Women of a University in Central Gujarat - A Cross-sectional Study.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common reproductive endocrinological disorders affecting 6%-8% of women in reproductive years. An early liberal PCOS screening appears to be a cost-effective strategy, benefiting earlier diagnosis and intervention.

['D006801', 'D011085', 'D005260', 'D003430', 'D007194', 'D000293', 'D015995', 'D014495', 'D055815', 'D013337', 'D006628']

eng

Performance evaluation and comparative study of three 52-kW PV plants in India: a case study.

Developing countries like India are rapidly transitioning from traditional energy sources to sustainable energy sources, due to the increase in demand and the depletion of fossil fuels. Grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems attract many investors, organizations, and institutions for deployment. This article studies and compares the performance evaluations of three 52-kW PV plants installed at an educational institution, SRMIST (SRM Institute of Science and Technology), in Tamil Nadu, India. This site receives an annual average temperature of 28.5°C and an average global horizontal irradiation of 160 kWh/m2/m. The prediction model for the 52-kW power plant is obtained using solar radiation, temperature, and wind speed. Linear regression model-based prediction equations are derived using the Minitab 16.2.1 software, and the results are compared with the real-time AC energy yield acquired from the three 52-kW plants for the year 2020. Furthermore, this 52-kW plant is designed using PVsyst V7.1.8 version software. The simulation results are compared with the energy yield from the plants in 2020 to identify the shortfall in the plant performance. The loss analysis for the plant is performed by obtaining the loss diagram from the PVsyst software. This study also proposes a methodology to study the commissioned PV plant's performance and determine the interaction between variables such as direct and diffused solar radiations, air temperature, and wind speed for forecasting hourly produced power. This article will motivate researchers to analyze installed power plants using modern technical tools.

['D007194', 'D011210', 'D012993']

eng

A Human Right-Based Approach to Dealing with Adverse Events in Residential Care Facilities.

Managing residential care facilities (RCFs) includes the ability to manage adverse events while maintaining a human rights-based approach to care and support. Literature investigating rights-based approaches in RCFs is scarce; therefore, an investigation of the current approach in RCFs will inform improvements. This study sought to identify whether RCFs in Ireland upheld a rights-based approach during the course of adverse events by analyzing notifications of adverse events from 2021 taken from the Database of Statutory Notifications from Social Care in Ireland. Data analysis was conducted independently by two researchers. Notifications of adverse events were coded according to whether the human rights principles of fairness, respect, equality, dignity, and autonomy were upheld or violated during the adverse event and its subsequent management. There was some evidence of violations, including staff violations during adverse events and their management, as well as residents violating fellow residents' autonomy, respect, and dignity in notifications of "serious injury" and "allegations of abuse." However, overall, good practice was identified, with residents' human rights upheld by staff. Our findings indicate that a rights-based approach to care and support is being upheld during adverse events and their management, which may indicate that such an approach to care and support has been adopted.

['D006801', 'D006806', 'D007494', 'D012112', 'D026684', 'D061214']

eng

Green space exposure and Chinese residents' physical activity participation: empirical evidence from a health geography perspective.

With continuous efforts made to promote the strategic goals of carbon neutrality and carbon peak, it is crucial to meet the growing and diversified needs of the public for fitness by practicing the concept of green development and promote the combination of national fitness and ecological civilization.

['D006801', 'D015444', 'D002681', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D000328', 'D008875', 'D011795', 'D004779', 'D000068316', 'D000095225']

eng

Phylogenetic Analyses of Rotavirus A, B and C Detected on a Porcine Farm in South Africa.

Rotaviruses (RVs) are known to infect various avian and mammalian hosts, including swine. The most common RVs associated with infection in pigs are A, B, C and H (RVA-C; RVH). In this study we analysed rotavirus strains circulating on a porcine farm in the Western Cape province of South Africa over a two-year period. Whole genomes were determined by sequencing using Illumina MiSeq without prior genome amplification. Fifteen RVA genomes, one RVB genome and a partial RVC genome were identified. Phylogenetic analyses of the RVA data suggested circulation of one dominant strain (G5-P[6]/P[13]/P[23]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T7-E1-H1), typical of South African porcine strains, although not closely related to previously detected South African porcine strains. Reassortment with three VP4-encoding P genotypes was detected. The study also reports the first complete RVB genome (G14-P[5]-I13-R4-C4-M4-A10-T4-E4-H7) from Africa. The partial RVC (G6-P[5]-IX-R1-C1-MX-A9-N6-T6-EX-H7) strain also grouped with porcine strains. The study shows the continued circulation of an RVA strain, with a high reassortment rate of the VP4-encoding segment, on the porcine farm. Furthermore, incidents of RVB and RVC on this farm emphasize the complex epidemiology of rotavirus in pigs.

['D000818', 'D012401', 'D010802', 'D013552', 'D013019', 'D012400', 'D016679', 'D013553', 'D005838', 'D000072480', 'D016865', 'D000073336', 'D005243']

eng

Factors Associated with HPV Genital Warts: A Self-Reported Cross-Sectional Study among Students and Staff of a Northern University in Nigeria.

The menace of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections among low- and middle-income countries with no access to a free HPV vaccine is a public health concern. HPV is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Nigeria, while the most known types of HPV genotypes being transmitted are the high-risk HPV-16 and 18 genotypes. In this study, we explored the predictors of self-reported HPV infections and HPV genital warts infection among a population of students, non-academic staff, and academic staff of Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida (IBB) University located in Lapai, Nigeria. We also assessed their knowledge about HPV infections and genotypes, and sexual behaviors. An online cross-sectional study was conducted by setting up a structured questionnaire on Google Forms and it was distributed to the university community via Facebook and other social media platforms of the university. The form captured questions on HPV infection, and knowledge about HPV infection and genotypes, as well as the sexual health of the participants. All variables were described using frequencies and percentage distribution; chi-squared test statistics were used to explore the association between HPV infection (medical records of HPV infection) and the participants' profile, and a logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the factors associated with HPV genital warts infection among the population. This study reveals those participants between the ages of 26-40 years (81.3%) and those currently not in a sexually active relationship-single/divorced (26.4%)-who have self-reported having the HPV-16 and -18 genotypes. Moreover, participants between 26-40 years of age (OR: 0.45, 95%CI: 0.22-0.89) reported themselves to be carriers of HPV genital warts. Therefore, this study reveals the factors associated with HPV infection and genital warts peculiar to IBB university students and staff. Hence, we suggest the need for HPV awareness programs and free HPV vaccine availability at IBB university.

['D006801', 'D003430', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D003218', 'D009549', 'D013334', 'D014495', 'D000328', 'D055815', 'D057566', 'D030361', 'D007722', 'D000293', 'D011795', 'D012725', 'D005838', 'D012307', 'D027383']

eng

Airborne Influenza Virus in Daycare Centers.

In this study, we investigated the concentration of airborne influenza virus in daycare centers and influencing factors, such as common cold prevalence, air pollutants, and meteorological factors. A total of 209 air samples were collected from daycare centers in Kaohsiung and the influenza virus was analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Air pollutants and metrological factors were measured using real-time monitoring equipment. Winter had the highest positive rates of airborne influenza virus and the highest prevalence of the common cold, followed by summer and autumn. The concentration of CO was significantly positively correlated with airborne influenza virus. Daycare center A, with natural ventilation and air condition systems, had a higher concentration of airborne influenza A virus, airborne fungi, and airborne bacteria, as well as a higher prevalence of the common cold, than daycare center B, with a mechanical ventilation system and air purifiers, while the concentrations of CO2, CO, and UFPs in daycare center A were lower than those in daycare center B. We successfully detected airborne influenza virus in daycare centers, demonstrating that aerosol sampling for influenza can provide novel epidemiological insights and inform the management of influenza in daycare centers.

['D006801', 'D000391', 'D007251', 'D012621', 'D002656', 'D009980', 'D009975', 'D000393', 'D003139', 'D002675', 'D015995', 'D004784']

eng

Real-Time Tracking Data and Machine Learning Approaches for Mapping Pedestrian Walking Behavior: A Case Study at the University of Moratuwa.

The growing urban population and traffic congestion underline the importance of building pedestrian-friendly environments to encourage walking as a preferred mode of transportation. However, a major challenge remains, which is the absence of such pedestrian-friendly walking environments. Identifying locations and routes with high pedestrian concentration is critical for improving pedestrian-friendly walking environments. This paper presents a quantitative method to map pedestrian walking behavior by utilizing real-time data from mobile phone sensors, focusing on the University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, as a case study. This holistic method integrates new urban data, such as location-based service (LBS) positioning data, and data clustering with unsupervised machine learning techniques. This study focused on the following three criteria for quantifying walking behavior: walking speed, walking time, and walking direction inside the experimental research context. A novel signal processing method has been used to evaluate speed signals, resulting in the identification of 622 speed clusters using K-means clustering techniques during specific morning and evening hours. This project uses mobile GPS signals and machine learning algorithms to track and classify pedestrian walking activity in crucial sites and routes, potentially improving urban walking through mapping.

['D016138', 'D006801', 'D000069636', 'D000069550', 'D013188', 'D000465', 'D014495', 'D040362', 'D040421', 'D016000']

eng

Internal and External Load Profile during Beach Invasion Sports Match-Play by Electronic Performance and Tracking Systems: A Systematic Review.

Beach variants of popular sports like soccer and handball have grown in participation over the last decade. However, the characterization of the workload demands in beach sports remains limited compared to their indoor equivalents. This systematic review aimed to: (1) characterize internal and external loads during beach invasion sports match-play; (2) identify technologies and metrics used for monitoring; (3) compare the demands of indoor sports; and (4) explore differences by competition level, age, sex, and beach sport. Fifteen studies ultimately met the inclusion criteria. The locomotive volumes averaged 929 ± 269 m (average) and 16.5 ± 3.3 km/h (peak) alongside 368 ± 103 accelerations and 8 ± 4 jumps per session. The impacts approached 700 per session. The heart rates reached 166-192 beats per minute (maximal) eliciting 60-95% intensity. The player load was 12.5 ± 2.9 to 125 ± 30 units. Males showed 10-15% higher external but equivalent internal loads versus females. Earlier studies relied solely on a time-motion analysis, while recent works integrate electronic performance and tracking systems, enabling a more holistic quantification. However, substantial metric intensity zone variability persists. Beach sports entail intermittent high-intensity activity with a lower-intensity recovery. Unstable surface likely explains the heightened internal strain despite moderately lower running volumes than indoor sports. The continued integration of technology together with the standardization of workload intensity zones is needed to inform a beach-specific training prescription.

['D006801', 'D008297', 'D005260', 'D013177', 'D006339', 'D054874', 'D001493']

eng

Nutritional Quality of the Mid-Afternoon Snack of Schooled Children between the Ages of 3 and 12 Years in Three Areas in Spain.

The aim of this study was to analyze the nutritional quality of mid-afternoon snacks for schooled children aged 3 to 12 years in three areas of Catalonia (Spain).

['D006801', 'D062410', 'D013030', 'D002675', 'D002648', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D009753', 'D005247', 'D012574', 'D011795', 'D005518']

eng

Assessing the Quality of ChatGPT's Dietary Advice for College Students from Dietitians' Perspectives.

As ChatGPT becomes a primary information source for college students, its performance in providing dietary advice is under scrutiny. This study assessed ChatGPT's performance in providing nutritional guidance to college students.

['D006801', 'D013334', 'D064686', 'D014495', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D057220', 'D013624', 'D055815', 'D000328', 'D007722', 'D004032']

eng

Evaluation of Nutrition and Performance Parameters in Division 1 Collegiate Athletes.

Testing and evaluating athletes is necessary and should include performance, body composition, and nutrition. The purpose of this study was to report assessments of dietary intake, V˙O2max, and body composition in D1 collegiate athletes and examine relationships between these assessments.

['D006801', 'D005260', 'D008297', 'D001823', 'D056352', 'D055815', 'D009752', 'D054874', 'D002149', 'D010101', 'D014495', 'D000293', 'D017097', 'D004040', 'D015596', 'D005080', 'D004032', 'D064133']

eng

Exploring prostate cancer screening among men in Accra using the health belief model.

To explore the prevalence of prostate cancer screening among Ghanaian men and interrogate why some individuals screen for the disease and others do not.

['D006801', 'D008297', 'D011471', 'D005869', 'D008875', 'D003430', 'D055088', 'D000328', 'D000083342', 'D007722', 'D011795', 'D000368', 'D008403', 'D016015', 'D010342']

eng

Comparative analysis of genetic risk scores for predicting biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer patients after radical prostatectomy.

In recent years, Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) has identified risk variants related to complex diseases, but most genetic variants have less impact on phenotypes. To solve the above problems, methods that can use variants with low genetic effects, such as genetic risk score (GRS), have been developed to predict disease risk.

['D011471', 'D008297', 'D006801', 'D011468', 'D009364', 'D018570', 'D008875', 'D000368', 'D020641', 'D055106', 'D011237', 'D000096442']

eng

In silico exploration of anti-prostate cancer compounds from differential expressed genes.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a complex and biologically diverse disease with no curative treatment options at present. This study aims to utilize computational methods to explore potential anti-PCa compounds based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with the goal of identifying novel therapeutic indications or repurposing existing drugs. The methods employed in this study include DEGs-to-drug prediction, pharmacokinetics prediction, target prediction, network analysis, and molecular docking. The findings revealed a total of 79 upregulated DEGs and 110 downregulated DEGs in PCa, which were used to identify drug compounds capable of reversing the dysregulated conditions (dexverapamil, emetine, parthenolide, dobutamine, terfenadine, pimozide, mefloquine, ellipticine, and trifluoperazine) at a threshold probability of 20% on several molecular targets, such as serotonin receptors 2a/2b/2c, HERG protein, adrenergic receptors alpha-1a/2a, dopamine D3 receptor, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), epidermal growth factor receptor erbB1 (EGFR), tyrosine-protein kinases, and C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5). Molecular docking analysis revealed that terfenadine binding to inducible nitric oxide synthase (-7.833 kcal.mol-1) and pimozide binding to HERG (-7.636 kcal.mol-1). Overall, binding energy ΔGbind (Total) at 0 ns was lower than that of 100 ns for both the Terfenadine-iNOS complex (-101.707 to -103.302 kcal.mol-1) and Ellipticine-TOPIIα complex (-42.229 to -58.780 kcal.mol-1). In conclusion, this study provides insight on molecular targets that could possibly contribute to the molecular mechanisms underlying PCa. Further preclinical and clinical studies are required to validate the therapeutic effectiveness of these identified drugs in PCa disease.

['D011471', 'D006801', 'D008297', 'D062105', 'D003198', 'D000970', 'D015972', 'D020869']