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[ { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 200 (SC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Winnsboro, Great Falls, and Lancaster. SC 200 is mostly a rural two-lane highway, traversing northwest from Winnsboro, through Great Falls and Lancaster, to the North Carolina state line. Established in 1937 as a renumbering part of SC 93 to match NC 200; it originally traversed from US 521 to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 200 was extended to its", "id": "18356164" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 903\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 903 (SC 903) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Lancaster to Darlington, Florence, and the Grand Strand. SC 903 is a two-lane rural highway, from Catarrh to Lancaster. Control cities listed southbound include Myrtle Beach. Established either in 1929 or 1930 as a new primary routing, it traversed from SC 35 in Catarrh to SC 9 in Midway. In 1949, SC 903 was extended north to its current northern terminus in Lancaster, replacing an", "id": "22013136" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 99\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 99 (SC 99) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Great Falls with rural areas of Chester County. SC 99 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and SC 200 (Pendergrass Boulevard) in Great Falls within Chester County. It travels to the northwest. On the edge of the city limits of the town is an intersection with SC 97 (Francis Avenue). They have a very brief concurrency. SC 99 travels in a north", "id": "16138937" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Chesterfield with Wadesboro, North Carolina. SC 742 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 145, near Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. The road continues into North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) towards Wadesboro. It was established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 850 and to match NC 742, little has changed since. SC 850 was established in", "id": "21845915" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nlane road from Charlotte Avenue to US 74 and a six-lane divided highway on its concurrency with US 74 and US 601. Established in 1930, it traveled from Monroe at US 74/NC 20/NC 25/NC 151 south to the South Carolina state line where it changed into SC 93 (renumbered to SC 200 in 1937). Between 1931-36, NC 200 was realigned north of Old Highway Road near Jackson. In 1936, the highway was extended north via Franklin Street, Church Street, Winchester", "id": "799956" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\n. The first SC 161 appeared in 1923 as a new primary routing from SC 16 in Eau Claire to SC 22. It was extended northwest by 1926 to SC 7 in Leeds. In 1928, the entire route was renumbered as part of SC 215. The current SC 161 was established in 1930 as a new primary route, it originally traversed from SC 16 (today US 321) to the North Carolina state line, continuing as North Carolina Highway 215 (renumbered in 1937 to NC 161). In 1959, SC", "id": "12487687" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 109\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 109 (SC 109) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 109 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from SC 145 through Ruby and Mount Croghan, to the North Carolina state line. SC 109 was established in either 1937 or 1938 as a new primary route from SC 9 in Mount Croghan to the North Carolina state line. In 1939, it was extended south to SC 85. In", "id": "21845959" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 177 (SC 177) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the community of Wallace with Hamlet, North Carolina. SC 177 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from Wallace at SC 9 to the North Carolina state line. The highway was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 77, little has changed since. Two predecessors existed before the current SC 177 came to existence. The first appeared from 1930-1936 as a new primary routing from U.S.", "id": "21845185" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 79 (SC 79) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects communities in western Marlboro County. SC 79 is a two-lane rural highway, traversing from SC 9 to the North Carolina state line where the road continues in Gibson, North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 79. Originally established in 1937 as a new primary route, it connected U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Denmark, to Voorhees College. In 1938, it was replaced by SC 68,", "id": "21700754" }, { "contents": "Winnsboro, South Carolina\n\n\nand south to Columbia. SC 34 leads southeast to Ridgeway and west to Newberry. SC 200 leads northeast to Great Falls. The unincorporated community of Winnsboro Mills borders the south side of Winnsboro. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Winnsboro has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,564 people, 1,454 households, and 984 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,109.6 people per square mile (428.9/km²). There were 1,597 housing", "id": "9585095" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 34\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 34 (SC 34) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As one of the longer state highways, it traverses the state east-west from Greenwood to Dillon, connecting the cities of Newberry, Winnsboro, Camden, Bishopville and Darlington. SC 34 begins as a hidden highway in downtown Greenwood, at the intersection of Main Street and Maxwell Avenue. On city and state official maps, SC 34 is on an east parallel to U.S. Route 25 Business (US 25 Bus.", "id": "13565724" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 385\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 385 (SC 385) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Bennettsville with northern Marlboro County. SC 385 is a two-lane (mostly) rural highway, traverses from Bennettsville north to SC 79, near the North Carolina state line. The first SC 385 appeared around 1941-42 as a new primary route from SC 341 to U.S. Route 15 (US 15)/SC 34. In 1948, it was downgraded to a secondary road. The current SC", "id": "21700661" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill and Gastonia, North Carolina. Though it generally runs in a north-south fashion, it is signed west-east. SC 274 is mostly a four-lane suburban highway that traverses , from the North Carolina state line, where the road continues north as North Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274), to downtown Rock Hill at SC 322. Established in 1937 as a", "id": "18047413" }, { "contents": "Interstate 77 in South Carolina\n\n\nthe town of Ridgeway and passes under the NS R-Line. The freeway passes to the east of Winnsboro, which is accessed via SC 34 or the next interchange with Road 41. I-77 has junction with Road 20 and SC 200 near Mitford before entering Chester County. The freeway has an interchange with SC 97 (Great Falls Road), which connects the county seat of Chester to the west with the town of Great Falls to the east. Great Falls is where the Piedmont-based Catawba River reaches the Fall Line", "id": "7110295" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 522\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 522 (SC 522) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect communities in central Lancaster County. SC 522 is a two-lane rural highway, from Liberty Hill to the North Carolina state line, near Sapps Crossroads. It is similar to a Farm-to-market road that it provides no real destination for travelers, but does provides access to farmland in central Lancaster County. Originally established in either 1937 or 1938, it was a new primary route", "id": "22034481" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 381 (SC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the towns in eastern Marlboro County. SC 381 traverses from Blenheim at SC 38 to the North Carolina state line where it continues as North Carolina Highway 381 into Gibson, North Carolina. As a two-lane rural highway, it connects the towns of Clio and McColl. The highway was established in 1930 as a new primary route from SC 38 in Blenheim to SC 9 in Clio. In 1931 or", "id": "21652315" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 381 (NC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Hamlet and Gibson. NC 381 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from the South Carolina state line in Gibson to U.S. Route 74 Business near Hamlet. The highway is flanked with farms and has little traffic. Established in 1940 as a renumbering of NC 78 when the route was extended to the South Carolina state line, connecting with SC 381; remained unchanged since inception.", "id": "8146479" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 75 (SC 75) is an state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The road is a mainly rural road. Its eastern terminus at the North Carolina state line at North Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75). SC 75 is a road for most of its existence, as it is here. After running for two miles (3 km) through the tip of Lancaster County, SC 75 overlaps U.S. Route 521 (US 521), running south. From Hancock, the road continues on", "id": "20072879" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 702\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 702 (SC 702) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Greenwood State Park. SC 702 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from SC 246 between Ninety Six and Coronaca, to SC 39 north of Saluda. The current routing of SC 702 was created by 1952 and has remained unchanged since. It was originally established in 1940 as a loop off SC 7 west of Greenwood. By 1942, SC 702 was extended east", "id": "21868670" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 21\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 21 (NC 21) was a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. At its height, it traversed from the South Carolina state line to Raleigh, connecting the cities of Fayetteville, and Lillington. Established as an original state highway, it traversed from the South Carolina state line (continuing as SC 47 to Lake View) north through Lumberton, Fayetteville, and Lillington before ending at NC 10, in Raleigh. In 1925, NC 21 was rerouted south of Fayetteville, replacing NC 22", "id": "18985691" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 265\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 265 (SC 265) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Jefferson with the cities of Kershaw and Chesterfield. SC 265 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 601 (US 601) north of Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. The highway was established in 1928 as a new primary routing from SC 26 in Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. In 1940, it was extended southwest to SC 97 in Liberty Hill. In 1948", "id": "21903505" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 55\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 55 (SC 55) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Clover to Blacksburg, Rock Hill, and Charlotte, North Carolina. SC 55 is a rural two-lane highway, with a median in and around Clover; between Clover and Lake Wylie, it is also paralleled by a major transmission line. It traverses from SC 5 near Kings Creek, to SC 49/SC 274 near Lake Wylie. Travelers to and from Charlotte would connect through", "id": "12594781" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 18 (SC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the cities of Union, Gaffney and Shelby, North Carolina. SC 18 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Fredrick Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 18 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of SC 111, from U.S. Route 29 (US 29) in Gaffney, to the North Carolina state line.", "id": "14222860" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 150\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 150 (SC 150) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Pacolet and Gaffney with the more rural areas of Spartanburg and Cherokee counties. SC 150 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Limestone Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 150 was established in 1940 as a renumbering of part of SC 103, from SC 18 in Gaffney to the North Carolina state line. In 1960-", "id": "14125945" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 223\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 223 (SC 223) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector between Richburg and Landsford Canal State Park. SC 223 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 9 and SC 901 outside of Richburg to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) in the community of Landsford and Landsford Canal State Park. The first SC 223 appeared from 1939-1940 as a spur off SC 22, renumbered as an extension of SC 901. The current SC", "id": "12079569" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the Kings Mountain National Military Park to North Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) at the North Carolina state line. SC 216 is a short two-lane rural highway in the northeast corner of Cherokee County. At its southern terminus at the Kings Mountain National Military Park entrance, the road continues east park-maintained towards York County and SC 161. SC 216 passes through a", "id": "21201795" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 215\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 215 (SC 215) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route to Union from either Columbia or Spartanburg. SC 215 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Columbia to Spartanburg; connecting Jenkinsville, Carlisle, Union, and Roebuck. It was established in 1928 as a renumbering of SC 121 and SC 161. It originally traveled from U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Aiken, northeast through Wagener, Pelion, Edmund, and", "id": "21764584" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 557\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 557 (SC 557) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector route between Clover and Lake Wylie. SC 557 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 55 near Clover to SC 49/SC 274 in Lake Wylie. The highway provides travelers a more direct route to and from Charlotte. Though it runs physically west-to-east, it is signed as a north-south highway with its western end as its southern terminus and", "id": "18047294" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is entirely in the boundaries of Union County and serves to connect the city of Monroe to the city of Pageland, South Carolina, at the South Carolina state line via SC 207. From the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, NC 207 is a two-lane rural highway traversing north through rolling hills of farmland. Once it enters Monroe city limits, it becomes Haynes Street, where it connects several", "id": "19757200" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nLancaster on a more southern route, avoiding the Tradesville area; The old alignment was briefly downgraded to secondary before being renumbered as SC 906. In 1933, SC 9 was realigned on a straight path from Loris to Little River; most of the old route was downgraded to secondary, with exception to Wampee and eastward becoming SC 90. In 1936, SC 9 was extended north through Spartanburg and Boiling Springs to its current northern terminus at the North Carolina state line; replacing SC 177. In 1940, SC 9 was extended", "id": "5557114" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 5\n\n\nroute from both US 521 and I-85 to both York and Rock Hill. Established as an original state highway, SC 5 originally traveled from SC 9 in Fort Lawn, through Rock Hill and York, to SC 8 in Blacksburg. In 1929 or 1930, SC 5 was extended south along new primary routing to SC 22 in Great Falls. In 1938, SC 5 was extended on both directions, connecting north to SC 18 and south to US 21 in Ridgeway. In 1939, SC 5 reached its longest length with its", "id": "22182862" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\ncounty, crosses over part of Lake Wateree, and enters Liberty Hill. There, it has an intersection with the western terminus of SC 522 (Stoneboro Road). A short distance later, it enters Lancaster County. It continues traveling through rural areas until it intersects SC 200 (Great Falls Highway). The two highways travel concurrently to the west. Almost immediately, they cross over the Catawba River on the Tom G. Mangum Bridge, where they enter Chester County. This bridge is just south of the Fishing Creek Dam", "id": "15954610" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 248\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 248 (SC 248) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Ninety Six National Historic Site. SC 248 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Epworth at U.S. Route 178 (US 178) to Ninety Six at SC 34/SC 246. Established in 1940, it is the second SC 248 and has remained unchanged since inception. The first SC 248 was established by 1930 as a renumbering of SC 151 from US 29", "id": "21840646" }, { "contents": "Ridgeway, South Carolina\n\n\n). U.S. Route 21 passes through the towns, leading north to Great Falls and south to Columbia. South Carolina Highway 34 leads west to Interstate 77 and east to Lugoff. Winnsboro, the county seat, is to the northwest via SC 34. According to the United States Census Bureau, Ridgeway has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 328 people, 138 households, and 96 families residing in the town. The population density was 692.7 people per square mile", "id": "9585082" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects rural areas of Lincoln and Gaston counties to Gastonia. NC 274 was established in 1930 as a new primary routing, from NC 27 to U.S. Route 74 (US 74) and NC 20 (now NC 161) in Bessemer City. Around 1938, it was extended southeast to its current southern terminus at the South Carolina state line, where it continues as South Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274).", "id": "18047645" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 39\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 39 (SC 39) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects various rural communities and towns from the southwest to the northwest sections of the state. SC 39 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from the Savannah River Site to U.S. Route 221 (US 221) south of Laurens. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, traveling from SC 12, in Monetta, to SC 21, in Edgefield. In 1923, SC 39 was extended in", "id": "22043911" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 909\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 909 (SC 909) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities of northern Chester County. SC 909 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in Lowrys to SC 9 near Richburg. The route zig-zags in northern Chester County connecting small communities, and provides access to the Chester Catawba Regional Airport. Established in 1940 as a new primary routing, it originally traversed from SC 9 to US 21 in Lewis", "id": "12654301" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nwhich later became a secondary road by 1948. The current SC 79 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of part of SC 38, from Bennettsville to the North Carolina state line. Between 1967 and 1970, SC 79 was rerouted and replaced SC 383 to SC 9; the old alignment became SC 385. South Carolina Highway 383 (SC 383) was established by 1937 as new primary routing from SC 9 near Bennettsville to SC 79 near Gibson, North Carolina. It was renumbered as part of SC 79 by 1970.", "id": "21700755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 213\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 213 (SC 213) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through mostly rural areas of Newberry and Fairfield counties. It also connects Jenkinsville and the Winnsboro area. SC 213 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 176 (US 176) southeast of Pomaria within Newberry County, where the roadway continues as Parr Road. It travels to the east and crosses over Crims Creek. A short distance later, the highway crosses over the Broad River, Hampton Island and some railroad", "id": "16629962" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 145 (SC 145) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 145 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from U.S. Route 1 (US 1) near McBee, through the county seat of Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It also passes through forest and wildlife refuge areas. The entire route has been officially named the Carolinas Sandhills Parkway by the State of South Carolina. The first", "id": "21845728" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 200 (NC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south from the South Carolina state line near the community of JAARS, to US 601 near Concord. NC 200 traverses , starting at the South Carolina state line, through the city of Monroe, and the towns of Stanfield and Locust, before ending at US 601 near Concord. For its length, it is a two-lane rural highway except in Monroe where it is a four-", "id": "799955" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 151\n\n\n29 (US 29)/SC 15 in Anderson, to SC 20 in Williamston. By 1930, it was renumbered as SC 248. The current SC 151 was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 35 from Darlington to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 151 truncated at SC 9 in Pageland, its route north to the state line replaced by US 601. By 1958, SC 151 replaced SC 151 Alternate, bypassing Hartsville. In 1983, SC 151 was extended and bypassed east of Pageland, to its current", "id": "21952570" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 161 (SC 161) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill, York, and Kings Mountain, North Carolina. SC 161 is a multi-lane highway, traversing from U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and Interstate 77 (I-77), through the northern part of Rock Hill and north around York, to the back entrance area of Kings Mountain State Park and Kings Mountain National Military Park, and ends at the North Carolina state line", "id": "12487686" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 403\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 403 (SC 403) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Timmonsville and the surrounding rural area with the cities of Lake City and Hartsville. SC 403 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for beginning north of Lake City, along SC 341. Going through a northeasterly direction to Hobbs Crossroads, it then goes north to Sardis. Connecting with Interstate 95 (I-95) north of Sardis, it continues north connecting with U.S. Route 76 (US", "id": "22010317" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 212\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 212 (SC 212) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Williams by connecting it with nearby highways. SC 212 is a two-lane rural highway that connects the town of Williams between SC 64 and U.S. Route 21 (US 21). Within Williams, it intersects SC 362 at its eastern terminus. Established around 1938 as a new primary routing as a spur from US 21 to Williams. In 1940, it was extended south to its current", "id": "22114289" }, { "contents": "U.S. Route 521\n\n\nknown as Camden Highway. It passes under I-20 and proceeds to Camden. It then goes on to the town of Kershaw, running concurrent with US 601. The final city it goes through before going into North Carolina is Lancaster. US 521 traverses from the South Carolina state line to Interstate 485. The entire route is a four to six-lane divided highway, split in naming between Lancaster Highway and Johnston Road. Established in 1932, it was overlapped entirely with SC 26, from Georgetown to the North Carolina state line", "id": "21139357" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 83\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 83 (NC 83) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves to connect the towns of Maxton and Clio, South Carolina. NC 83 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line and goes north to end at NC 130 in Seven Bridges. The highway is flanked by both farmland and swamps. NC 83 was established in 1937 as a new primary routing from US 501 to the South Carolina state line, where it continues as SC", "id": "5127960" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 72\n\n\nas a renumbering of SC 7; it traversed from the Georgia state line, near Calhoun Falls, to US 21 in Chester. In 1950, it was extended northeast to US 21/SC 5 in Rock Hill, which replaced part of US 21. In 1951 or 1952, its routing was adjusted west of Greenwood replacing SC 702 and leaving Old Abbeville Highway (S-1-3 and S-24-1). In 1954, SC 72 was placed on bypass south and east around Chester; its old alignment became a business", "id": "7621861" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 198\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 198 (SC 198) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the town of Blacksburg at Interstate 85 (I-85) exit 102 and the northern terminus of SC 5 with the town of Earl, North Carolina by way of North Carolina Highway 198 (NC 198). Though it physically runs north and south, internal SCDOT data and the only signage of SC 198 at the I-85 / SC 5 intersection indicates that it runs east–west. A two-lane rural", "id": "18046947" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 246\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 246 (SC 246) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities and towns in eastern Greenwood County. SC 246 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Friendship to Hodges; connecting the town of Ninety Six and the communities of Coronaca and Cokesbury. The highway also provides access to Star Fort Pond, at Ninety Six National Historic Site, via Kinard Road (S-24-27). Established in 1930 as a replacement for part of SC 24", "id": "21868609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSC 145 appeared in 1941 or 1942 as a new primary route from SC 644 to US 15 north of Walterboro. In 1948, it was downgraded to secondary status, known today as McLeod Road. The current SC 145 was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 85; little has changed since. South Carolina Highway 85 (SC 85) was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 95, it traveled from US 1, near McBee, through Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It was renumbered to", "id": "21845729" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 157\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 157 (SC 157) is a state highway in the Sandhills region of South Carolina. Though it physically runs west to east, it is signed as a north-south road. Its southern terminus at its westernmost point at SC 341 in Kershaw, Lancaster County and its northern terminus (eastern end) at SC 346 about west of Catarrh in rural Kershaw County. SC 157 begins at an intersection with Marion Street and Minor Street in eastern Kershaw. From this point, SC 341 travels west on Marion Street", "id": "17035715" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 45\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 45 (SC 45) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as the main thoroughfare in northern Berkeley County. Established as an original state highway in 1922, it traversed from SC 41 in St. Stephen to SC 31 in St. Matthews. Around 1926, SC 45 was truncated west of St. Stephen along a new alignment of SC 41 (current U.S. Route 52 or US 52). By 1931, SC 45 was extended west on new primary routing to SC 24 in", "id": "22162620" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 781\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 781 (SC 781) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It is used as part of a bypass south of Aiken, between Augusta and Williston, in conjunction with U.S. Route 278 (US 278). SC 781 is a two-lane rural connector highway between US 278 and US 78. Established in 1940 as a new primary route, it traversed from SC 28 in Beech Island east to US 78 west of Williston. In 1953, SC 781 was truncated to its", "id": "15556341" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 49\n\n\nLake Wylie. Established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 163, it ran from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in York to the North Carolina state line in Lake Wylie. In 1956, SC 49 was extended southwest to its current southern terminus at US 221 in Watts Mills replacing SC 91 from York to Monarch, SC 92 from Monarch to Cross Anchor, and SC 30 from Cross Anchor to Watts Mills. In 1960 or 1961, SC 49 was rerouted from Lockhart to Mount Tabor. At an unknown date,", "id": "21332808" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 914\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 914 (SC 914) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Lancaster and Springdale, via Lancaster Mill. SC 914 begins at an intersection with SC 9 Business (SC 9 Bus.; West Meeting Street) on the Lancaster–Lancaster Mill line, within Lancaster County. It travels to the southeast and immediately enters Lancaster Mill proper and curves to the south-southeast. Just after Old Landsford Road, it crosses over some railroad tracks. One block later, at", "id": "18102740" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 211\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 211 (SC 211) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway serves the rural areas of southern Cherokee and western York counties. SC 211 is a two-lane rural highway. The highway begins at SC 150, north of Pacolet in Cherokee County, going easterly along Asbury Road to Asbury, where it connects with SC 18. Splitting from SC 18 onto Gowdeysville Road, it connects with SC 105 in Saratt. Solo again, when it splits from SC 105 with", "id": "14126145" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 20 (SC 20) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Abbeville, Belton, Williamston and Greenville. The highway is signed as a west-east highway though it physically runs south-to-north. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from the Georgia state line to SC 8 (Guess Street/Green Avenue) in Greenville; connecting McCormick, Abbeville, Due West, Honea Path, Belton, and Williamston.", "id": "19237178" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 555\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 555 (SC 555) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route from downtown Columbia to Blythewood. SC 555 traverses from SC 12 in downtown Columbia to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) near Blythewood. Before Interstate 77 (I-77) was completed in the area, SC 555 served as a major thoroughfare; today it is an alternate route. The highway is four lanes south of I-77 and two lanes north of it. The highway was established in", "id": "3546072" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nrenumbering of SC 12, it originally ran from US 521 to the North Carolina state line in Hancock. By 1964, SC 75 was extended to its current western terminus at SC 5 in Van Wyck, replacing part of SC 504. South Carolina Highway 75 Truck (Truck SC 75) is a truck route of SC 75 bypassing Van Wyck. When SC 75 merges off from US 521 near Van Wyck, Truck SC 75 begins and follows US 521 until an interchange with SC 5. Truck Route 75 then follows SC 5", "id": "20072881" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 37\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 37 (SC 37) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It provides a direct route between Barnwell and Springfield. SC 37 is a two-lane rural highway that travels between U.S. Route 278 (US 278) and SC 39, with a connection with US 78 in Elko. SC 37 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 1, in Barnwell, to SC 27, in Williston. In 1923, SC 37 was rerouted", "id": "16526209" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nRoute 176 (US 176)/SC 10 in Spartanburg to the North Carolina state line; it eventually became part of SC 9. The second appeared from 1938-1951 as a new primary routing from US 176 southeast of Pomaria to US 76/SC 2 near Ballentine. It was adjusted twice, in 1948 extending and replacing SC 664, and in 1950 shifting to meet with US 176/SC 121 split. It was eventually renumbered as an extension of US 176. South Carolina Highway 77 (SC 77) was established in 1937", "id": "21845186" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 97 (SC 97) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Camden, Great Falls, Chester, and Hickory Grove. SC 97 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 521 (US 521)/US 601 (Broad Street) in Camden within Kershaw County, northeast of the Camden Country Club. The highway travels to the northwest and meets US 521 Truck/US 601 Truck (Boykin Road) just before leaving the city limits of Camden. It travels through rural areas of the", "id": "15954609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 121\n\n\n, where US 21 continues north towards Fort Mill, while also connecting with SC 322. SC 121 had two previous stents in the state before its current routing was established. The first SC 121 was established in 1925 or 1926 as a new primary routing; it traversed from SC 27 in Aiken, northeast through Wagener and Pelion, to SC 2/SC 12 in Springdale. In 1928, it was renumbered as SC 215. The second SC 121 was established in 1929 or 1930 as new primary routing; it traversed from", "id": "4644891" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 901\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 901 (SC 901) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a slower alternate rural route to Interstate 77 (I-77) and the western bypass of Rock Hill. SC 901 begins along SC 200 near I-77. Going north, it hovers to the west and then east of I-77 and then passes through Richburg. After entering York County, it has its own interchange with I-77, then proceeds to form the western bypass of Rock Hill. It is a two-", "id": "16644755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\n27 around 1931, it traversed from SC 65 (current SC 61) in Givhans, to US 78 east of Ridgeville. In 1940, it was rerouted north from Ridgeville to US 78 and then spur up to the Berkeley County line. In 1941 or 1942, SC 27 was extended north into Berkeley County to SC 31 (current US 176). The first SC 27 was an original state highway; established in 1922, it traversed from SC 21 in Trenton, south to Aiken, then east through Williston, Blackville", "id": "22136169" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nAvenue (on state maps, it is officially SC 19 Connector); while SC 19 southbound travels along Laurens Street/Park Avenue onto Chesterfield Street. SC 19 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 2 in Newberry, north through Whitmire, Union, Spartanburg, Inman and Landrum, to the North Carolina state line continuing as NC 19. In 1923, it was extended south on new primary routing, through Saluda, to SC 21/SC 27 in Trenton. In 1927", "id": "16271415" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 179\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 179 (SC 179) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It travels from Little River to the North Carolina state line, near Calabash. One of the shortest state highways in the state, SC 179 starts at U.S. Route 17 (US 17) in Little River and travels to the North Carolina state line. The route continues on as NC 179, connecting the towns of Calabash, Sunset Beach, and Ocean Isle Beach. The entire route is two lanes wide with brief", "id": "6284330" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 47\n\n\nwas an original state highway (1922) that traversed from SC 40 in Green Sea, northwest through Nichols and Lake View, before entering North Carolina. By 1926 was renumbered to SC 94. SC 47 Truck in Elloree begins at Felderville Road (S-38-81) then onto Snider Street (S-38-1023); at Main Street, it goes back northwest, in concurrency with SC 6/SC 267, reuniting with SC 47 at its northern terminus. A Food Lion distribution center is located in the town, the", "id": "22136670" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 173\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 173 (SC 173) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with U.S. Route 78 (US 78). SC 173 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville northeast to US 78. The predominant features along the route are homes and forest. Established as the second SC 173 in 1940, it traversed from US 15 in Grover east to US 78 near Ridgeville; the section between Ridgeville and US 78 was", "id": "22136291" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 16\n\n\nit connected the cities and towns of Ridgeway, Winnsboro, Chester, York, and Clover. In 1927, US 21 was assigned between Columbia and Chester; the following year SC 16 was removed from that section. In 1931, the first SC 16 was decommissioned when US 321 was assigned on the remaining route. The second SC 16 appeared in 1939 as a new primary routing between SC 48 east to US 76 in Columbia. In 1940, it was extended north from US 76 to SC 12. In 1948, the", "id": "4796568" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 207 (SC 207) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It is entirely within the boundaries of Chesterfield County and serves to connect the city of Pageland, South Carolina to the city of Monroe, North Carolina via North Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207). Starting at the intersection of Elm Street and McGregor Street (U.S. Route 601 (US 601) and SC 9), it travels northwest for to the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 207 towards", "id": "5806442" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 81\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 81 (SC 81) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects rural areas of McCormick County with Greenville, via Calhoun Falls, Iva, Homeland Park, and Anderson. SC 81 begins at an intersection with SC 28 east-southeast of Lethia within McCormick County. This intersection is within Sumter National Forest and just north of SC 28's crossing of Long Cane Creek. It travels to the northwest and curves to the west-southwest and travels through Lethia. It then", "id": "18281932" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 905\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 905 (NC 905) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves as part of an alternate route between Whiteville and Conway, South Carolina, through southeastern Columbus County. NC 905 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina line and South Carolina Highway 905 (SC 905) in Olyphic. Traveling north, it connects with NC 904 in Pireway. After its concurrency with NC 904, it continues solo for , connecting the communities of Bug Hill and", "id": "14981023" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nCarolina state line, near Earl. South Carolina reciprocate in 1930 with the establishment of SC 111 from the state line to Gaffney, which was later renumbered SC 18 in 1937. In 1929, NC 18 was extended north, replacing NC 67, through Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro, to US 21/NC 26 in Sparta. Also in 1929, NC 18 was rerouted south of Morganton going through the Sunnyside community and leaving behind Enola and Enola Road (SR 1922). In 1930, NC 18 was extended northeast along new", "id": "12715101" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 165\n\n\nit curves to the northwest to meet its northern terminus, and intersection with US 17 Alternate (N. Main Street) and Berkeley Circle. Established in 1939 as a new primary highway, SC 165 originally traversed from its current southern terminus to US 17 in Ravenel. This section has remained relatively unchanged; with an exception in Hollywood, where it was realigned in the 1980s, removing a concurrency with SC 162 and leaving Town Council Road. Around 1952, SC 165 was extended north on mostly new construction to Cooks Crossroads, where", "id": "6640073" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 19 (SC 19) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Aiken directly with the Savannah River Site and Edgefield via U.S. Route 25 (US 25). SC 19 operates as arterial four-lane highway from Aiken to the Savannah River Site; to its north, it is a two-lane rural highway to Trenton, where it connects with US 25 and SC 121. In Aiken's downtown area, SC 19 is signed, northbound along Chesterfield Street and Richland", "id": "16271414" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nover SC 200, and quickly SC 9 Business is out of downtown on E. Arch St. A half mile after crossing over SC 200, SC 9 Business ends at SC 9 Bypass. Other than Spartanburg, the City of Lancaster is the largest urban area SC 9 runs through before reaching the North Myrtle Beach area. Like all the numbered highways in Chester, SC 9 Business goes straight through downtown, and the bypass route makes a half-moon path around Chester. SC 9 Business shares a brief concurrency with US 321 Business", "id": "5557121" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\n), replacing US 29 Business (US 29 Bus.). In 2000, SC 20 was extended to its current northern terminus at Falls Park Drive (formerly Camperdown Way) just shy of US 123, replacing part of US 25 Bus. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn.) is a connector route, in concurrency with SC 28 Conn. It connects SC 20 with SC 28, north of Abbeville. The route is unsigned its entire length. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn) is a", "id": "19237181" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Its entire length runs through Union County and serves as the primary connector between the towns of Waxhaw, Mineral Springs, and Monroe. The route roughly parallels a CSX railroad line for its entire span. NC 75 starts at the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, near Hancock, South Carolina. In South Carolina, it continues as SC 75 for to SC 5, in Van Wyck. Heading east from the", "id": "5127428" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 137\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 137 (SC 137) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Norris with rural areas of Pickens, via Six Mile. SC 135 begins at an intersection with SC 93 (Norris Drive) in Norris, within Pickens County, where the roadway continues as East Jamison Street. It travels to the northwest and crosses over Twelve Mile Creek just north of Cateechee. In Six Mile, the highway intersects SC 133 (South Main Street). The two highways travel concurrently until", "id": "16201660" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 59\n\n\n24. The road heads on its northeast trajectory until it meets its northern terminus, an intersection with U.S. Route 76 (US 76), US 123, SC 28 in Seneca. Established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 181 and part of SC 182, SC 59 traversed from the Georgia state line to Fair Play, then north to Seneca ending at US 76/SC 13/SC 28. By 1963, SC 59 was truncated at I-85 due to Lake Hartwell submerging the route to Georgia. The portion south of", "id": "4730382" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects the city of Wadesboro with the towns of Oakboro and Chesterfield, South Carolina. NC 742 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, where continuing south on South Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) would lead to Chesterfield. In Wadesboro, it first runs concurrent with NC 109 before going through the downtown area. At the intersection of Caswell and Greene Streets,", "id": "4827585" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 68\n\n\n-lane configuration about north of the I-95 junction. Passing underneath I-95, SC 68 returns to a two-lane configuration as it enters Yemassee before terminating at an intersection with US 17 Alternate and US 21. Established in 1967 as a renumbering of SC 28, it has remained unchanged since. Prior to the current routing, SC 68 had two previous incarnations: In 1937-38 from Clio to the North Carolina state line (renumbered as SC 83), and in 1938-47 as a short highway spur from US", "id": "6817262" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the South Carolina state line to NC 274 near the unincorporated community of Tryon. NC 216 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, from Kings Mountain National Military Park; the road continues south towards the park as South Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216). Going north, it crosses over Interstate 85 then has a short overlap with", "id": "21201754" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 51\n\n\nroad that starts at US 21 near Fort Mill and ends at the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 51 through Pineville. The route is entirely two-lane, expanding to four lanes at the state line. Established as a new primary routing in 1926; the original routing ran from SC 40 (today as US 701) along Choppee Road (today as S-22-4) and Hemingway Highway (today as SC 261) to Hemingway then onto Florence, ending at SC 41 (today as US", "id": "9677788" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 18 (NC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Traveling north–south through the Foothills region, it connects the cities of Shelby, Morganton, Lenoir, Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro. NC 18 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that travels in western North Carolina. Starting as a continuation of SC 18, at the South Carolina state line near Earl, NC 18 travels north into Shelby, where it overlaps with NC 150 and crosses US 74/NC 226", "id": "12715094" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 93\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 93 (abbreviated S.C. Highway 93 or SC 93) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It runs from U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and SC 28 in Clemson northeast to US 123 in Easley. The highway begins at an interchange with the US 76/SC 28 concurrency and Old Greenville Highway east of downtown Clemson. West of this point, Old Greenville Highway passes through downtown Clemson and the campus of Clemson University and is signed as SC 93 though it is not officially", "id": "22146588" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 27 (SC 27) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with nearby highways. SC 27 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville south to the unincorporated community of Givhans to its south and highways U.S. Route 78 (US 78), Interstate 26 (I-26), and US 176 to its north. The predominant features along the route is farmland mixed with forest and swamps. Established as the second SC", "id": "22136168" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 48\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 48 (SC 48) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves southern Richland County and access to the Congaree National Park. SC 48 begins in downtown Columbia along Assembly Street. It traverses west, passing alongside the South Carolina State House and the University of South Carolina, before turning onto Rosewood Drive and then onto Bluff Road. After leaving the Columbia city limits, it continues through southeastern Richland County as a two-lane rural highway to U.S. Route 601 (US 601", "id": "12287717" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 310\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 310 (SC 310) is an long state highway in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a south-north orientation from Holly Hill north to Vance, and then northwest to its northern terminus, completely within Orangeburg County. SC 310 begins at an intersection with US 176 in Holly Hill. The route heads north to an intersection with SC 45, north of the city. The road continues north into the city of Vance, where it intersects SC 210. After", "id": "4731054" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 57\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 57 (SC 57) is a state highway in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a southeast-northwest orientation from the unincorporated community of Fork northwest through Dillon to Little Rock and then curves northeasterly to the North Carolina state line, north of Little Rock, all completely within Dillon County. SC 57 begins at an intersection with SC 41 and SC 41 Alternate in Fork. The route heads northeast through the town of Floydale until it enters Dillon. In town,", "id": "4796454" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nthe beachfront. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from SC 23 in Dillon, west to SC 10, in Enoree. By 1926, SC 9 was extended east to Lake View, then replacing SC 47 to Green Sea, then southeast on new primary routing to Little River. On its northern end, SC 9 rerouted from Kelly to SC 19, near Spartanburg, replacing SC 92. The route from Kelly to Enoree was renumbered SC 92. In 1927, SC 9 was rerouted between Pageland to", "id": "5557113" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 38\n\n\nconnected with the newly renumbered SC 38. NC 38 has not changed since. North Carolina Highway 771 (NC 771) first appeared as a new primary routing in 1930, traveling from US 311/NC 77, east of Winston-Salem, to US 421/NC 60, in Kernersville. In 1936, NC 771 was replaced by an extension of NC 150. The second NC 771 was established as new primary routing in 1936, from Hamlet to the South Carolina state line, where it continued as SC 96.", "id": "20812160" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\n72 via Central Avenue, Park Street and Glenn Street. SC 66 was established in 1934 as a new primary routing, traversing from SC 56 to US 76/SC 2 in Goldville (now Joanna). In 1941 or 1942, a second SC 66 was created, from SC 706 in Eisons Crossroads to the Newberry-Laurens county line. In 1948, the two sections of SC 66 were connected, and was also extended east into Whitmire replacing part of SC 706. South Carolina Highway 706 (SC 706) was", "id": "15134091" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 513\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 513 (SC 513) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through rural areas of Georgetown County. SC 513 begins at an intersection with SC 41/SC 51 (County Line Road) south-southwest of Hopewell, on the Williamsburg–Georgetown county line. It travels to the north-northeast, on the county line, and nearly immediately intersects the eastern terminus of SC 512 (Henry Road). The highway turns right onto Pleasant Hill Drive and travels to", "id": "17729308" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 66 (SC 66) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the community of Joanna with nearby SC 56 and the town of Whitmire. SC 66 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from SC 56 to SC 72 in Whitmire. It connects to U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and Interstate 26 (I-26). Predominantly in the Sumter National Forest, it meanders through forest lands; in Whitmire, it takes a couple of turns before reaching SC", "id": "15134090" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 60\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 60 (SC 60) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Irmo, connecting nearby Lake Murray and Harbison State Forest. SC 60 is a mostly four-lane with median suburban highway that travels from SC 6 to U.S. Route 176 (US 176), with an interchange with Interstate 26 (I-26)/US 76. SC 60 was established in 1929 as a new primary routing. The route has remained unchanged since inception, though its eastern endpoint was originally US", "id": "22092019" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 64\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 64 (SC 64) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the cities of Barnwell and Walterboro while also providing a direct route to Charleston, via U.S. Route 17 (US 17). SC 64 was established around 1926 as a new primary routing from SC 28 near Ellenton, to SC 6/SC 301 near Ruffin. In 1928, SC 64 was extended east to US 17 in Walterboro, replacing part of SC 6. Around 1930, SC 64 was extended", "id": "22114149" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\n, US 176 was assigned to SC 19 from Newberry to the North Carolina state line; the following year it was removed from the overlap. Also in 1928, SC 19 was extended south, replacing part of SC 27 to US 1/US 78 in Aiken. In 1929 or 1930, SC 19 was extended south (again) to SC 28 north of Ellenton. Around 1952, the Savannah River Site was established; which removed of highway in what is now a restricted area. By 1955, SC 19 was widened", "id": "16271416" } ]

[ { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 200 (SC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Winnsboro, Great Falls, and Lancaster. SC 200 is mostly a rural two-lane highway, traversing northwest from Winnsboro, through Great Falls and Lancaster, to the North Carolina state line. Established in 1937 as a renumbering part of SC 93 to match NC 200; it originally traversed from US 521 to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 200 was extended to its", "id": "18356164" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 903\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 903 (SC 903) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Lancaster to Darlington, Florence, and the Grand Strand. SC 903 is a two-lane rural highway, from Catarrh to Lancaster. Control cities listed southbound include Myrtle Beach. Established either in 1929 or 1930 as a new primary routing, it traversed from SC 35 in Catarrh to SC 9 in Midway. In 1949, SC 903 was extended north to its current northern terminus in Lancaster, replacing an", "id": "22013136" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 99\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 99 (SC 99) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Great Falls with rural areas of Chester County. SC 99 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and SC 200 (Pendergrass Boulevard) in Great Falls within Chester County. It travels to the northwest. On the edge of the city limits of the town is an intersection with SC 97 (Francis Avenue). They have a very brief concurrency. SC 99 travels in a north", "id": "16138937" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Chesterfield with Wadesboro, North Carolina. SC 742 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 145, near Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. The road continues into North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) towards Wadesboro. It was established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 850 and to match NC 742, little has changed since. SC 850 was established in", "id": "21845915" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nlane road from Charlotte Avenue to US 74 and a six-lane divided highway on its concurrency with US 74 and US 601. Established in 1930, it traveled from Monroe at US 74/NC 20/NC 25/NC 151 south to the South Carolina state line where it changed into SC 93 (renumbered to SC 200 in 1937). Between 1931-36, NC 200 was realigned north of Old Highway Road near Jackson. In 1936, the highway was extended north via Franklin Street, Church Street, Winchester", "id": "799956" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\n. The first SC 161 appeared in 1923 as a new primary routing from SC 16 in Eau Claire to SC 22. It was extended northwest by 1926 to SC 7 in Leeds. In 1928, the entire route was renumbered as part of SC 215. The current SC 161 was established in 1930 as a new primary route, it originally traversed from SC 16 (today US 321) to the North Carolina state line, continuing as North Carolina Highway 215 (renumbered in 1937 to NC 161). In 1959, SC", "id": "12487687" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 109\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 109 (SC 109) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 109 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from SC 145 through Ruby and Mount Croghan, to the North Carolina state line. SC 109 was established in either 1937 or 1938 as a new primary route from SC 9 in Mount Croghan to the North Carolina state line. In 1939, it was extended south to SC 85. In", "id": "21845959" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 177 (SC 177) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the community of Wallace with Hamlet, North Carolina. SC 177 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from Wallace at SC 9 to the North Carolina state line. The highway was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 77, little has changed since. Two predecessors existed before the current SC 177 came to existence. The first appeared from 1930-1936 as a new primary routing from U.S.", "id": "21845185" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 79 (SC 79) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects communities in western Marlboro County. SC 79 is a two-lane rural highway, traversing from SC 9 to the North Carolina state line where the road continues in Gibson, North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 79. Originally established in 1937 as a new primary route, it connected U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Denmark, to Voorhees College. In 1938, it was replaced by SC 68,", "id": "21700754" }, { "contents": "Winnsboro, South Carolina\n\n\nand south to Columbia. SC 34 leads southeast to Ridgeway and west to Newberry. SC 200 leads northeast to Great Falls. The unincorporated community of Winnsboro Mills borders the south side of Winnsboro. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Winnsboro has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,564 people, 1,454 households, and 984 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,109.6 people per square mile (428.9/km²). There were 1,597 housing", "id": "9585095" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 34\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 34 (SC 34) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As one of the longer state highways, it traverses the state east-west from Greenwood to Dillon, connecting the cities of Newberry, Winnsboro, Camden, Bishopville and Darlington. SC 34 begins as a hidden highway in downtown Greenwood, at the intersection of Main Street and Maxwell Avenue. On city and state official maps, SC 34 is on an east parallel to U.S. Route 25 Business (US 25 Bus.", "id": "13565724" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 385\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 385 (SC 385) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Bennettsville with northern Marlboro County. SC 385 is a two-lane (mostly) rural highway, traverses from Bennettsville north to SC 79, near the North Carolina state line. The first SC 385 appeared around 1941-42 as a new primary route from SC 341 to U.S. Route 15 (US 15)/SC 34. In 1948, it was downgraded to a secondary road. The current SC", "id": "21700661" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill and Gastonia, North Carolina. Though it generally runs in a north-south fashion, it is signed west-east. SC 274 is mostly a four-lane suburban highway that traverses , from the North Carolina state line, where the road continues north as North Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274), to downtown Rock Hill at SC 322. Established in 1937 as a", "id": "18047413" }, { "contents": "Interstate 77 in South Carolina\n\n\nthe town of Ridgeway and passes under the NS R-Line. The freeway passes to the east of Winnsboro, which is accessed via SC 34 or the next interchange with Road 41. I-77 has junction with Road 20 and SC 200 near Mitford before entering Chester County. The freeway has an interchange with SC 97 (Great Falls Road), which connects the county seat of Chester to the west with the town of Great Falls to the east. Great Falls is where the Piedmont-based Catawba River reaches the Fall Line", "id": "7110295" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 522\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 522 (SC 522) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect communities in central Lancaster County. SC 522 is a two-lane rural highway, from Liberty Hill to the North Carolina state line, near Sapps Crossroads. It is similar to a Farm-to-market road that it provides no real destination for travelers, but does provides access to farmland in central Lancaster County. Originally established in either 1937 or 1938, it was a new primary route", "id": "22034481" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 381 (SC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the towns in eastern Marlboro County. SC 381 traverses from Blenheim at SC 38 to the North Carolina state line where it continues as North Carolina Highway 381 into Gibson, North Carolina. As a two-lane rural highway, it connects the towns of Clio and McColl. The highway was established in 1930 as a new primary route from SC 38 in Blenheim to SC 9 in Clio. In 1931 or", "id": "21652315" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 381 (NC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Hamlet and Gibson. NC 381 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from the South Carolina state line in Gibson to U.S. Route 74 Business near Hamlet. The highway is flanked with farms and has little traffic. Established in 1940 as a renumbering of NC 78 when the route was extended to the South Carolina state line, connecting with SC 381; remained unchanged since inception.", "id": "8146479" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 75 (SC 75) is an state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The road is a mainly rural road. Its eastern terminus at the North Carolina state line at North Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75). SC 75 is a road for most of its existence, as it is here. After running for two miles (3 km) through the tip of Lancaster County, SC 75 overlaps U.S. Route 521 (US 521), running south. From Hancock, the road continues on", "id": "20072879" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 702\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 702 (SC 702) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Greenwood State Park. SC 702 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from SC 246 between Ninety Six and Coronaca, to SC 39 north of Saluda. The current routing of SC 702 was created by 1952 and has remained unchanged since. It was originally established in 1940 as a loop off SC 7 west of Greenwood. By 1942, SC 702 was extended east", "id": "21868670" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 21\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 21 (NC 21) was a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. At its height, it traversed from the South Carolina state line to Raleigh, connecting the cities of Fayetteville, and Lillington. Established as an original state highway, it traversed from the South Carolina state line (continuing as SC 47 to Lake View) north through Lumberton, Fayetteville, and Lillington before ending at NC 10, in Raleigh. In 1925, NC 21 was rerouted south of Fayetteville, replacing NC 22", "id": "18985691" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 265\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 265 (SC 265) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Jefferson with the cities of Kershaw and Chesterfield. SC 265 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 601 (US 601) north of Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. The highway was established in 1928 as a new primary routing from SC 26 in Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. In 1940, it was extended southwest to SC 97 in Liberty Hill. In 1948", "id": "21903505" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 55\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 55 (SC 55) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Clover to Blacksburg, Rock Hill, and Charlotte, North Carolina. SC 55 is a rural two-lane highway, with a median in and around Clover; between Clover and Lake Wylie, it is also paralleled by a major transmission line. It traverses from SC 5 near Kings Creek, to SC 49/SC 274 near Lake Wylie. Travelers to and from Charlotte would connect through", "id": "12594781" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 18 (SC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the cities of Union, Gaffney and Shelby, North Carolina. SC 18 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Fredrick Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 18 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of SC 111, from U.S. Route 29 (US 29) in Gaffney, to the North Carolina state line.", "id": "14222860" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 150\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 150 (SC 150) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Pacolet and Gaffney with the more rural areas of Spartanburg and Cherokee counties. SC 150 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Limestone Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 150 was established in 1940 as a renumbering of part of SC 103, from SC 18 in Gaffney to the North Carolina state line. In 1960-", "id": "14125945" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 223\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 223 (SC 223) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector between Richburg and Landsford Canal State Park. SC 223 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 9 and SC 901 outside of Richburg to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) in the community of Landsford and Landsford Canal State Park. The first SC 223 appeared from 1939-1940 as a spur off SC 22, renumbered as an extension of SC 901. The current SC", "id": "12079569" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the Kings Mountain National Military Park to North Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) at the North Carolina state line. SC 216 is a short two-lane rural highway in the northeast corner of Cherokee County. At its southern terminus at the Kings Mountain National Military Park entrance, the road continues east park-maintained towards York County and SC 161. SC 216 passes through a", "id": "21201795" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 215\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 215 (SC 215) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route to Union from either Columbia or Spartanburg. SC 215 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Columbia to Spartanburg; connecting Jenkinsville, Carlisle, Union, and Roebuck. It was established in 1928 as a renumbering of SC 121 and SC 161. It originally traveled from U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Aiken, northeast through Wagener, Pelion, Edmund, and", "id": "21764584" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 557\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 557 (SC 557) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector route between Clover and Lake Wylie. SC 557 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 55 near Clover to SC 49/SC 274 in Lake Wylie. The highway provides travelers a more direct route to and from Charlotte. Though it runs physically west-to-east, it is signed as a north-south highway with its western end as its southern terminus and", "id": "18047294" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is entirely in the boundaries of Union County and serves to connect the city of Monroe to the city of Pageland, South Carolina, at the South Carolina state line via SC 207. From the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, NC 207 is a two-lane rural highway traversing north through rolling hills of farmland. Once it enters Monroe city limits, it becomes Haynes Street, where it connects several", "id": "19757200" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nLancaster on a more southern route, avoiding the Tradesville area; The old alignment was briefly downgraded to secondary before being renumbered as SC 906. In 1933, SC 9 was realigned on a straight path from Loris to Little River; most of the old route was downgraded to secondary, with exception to Wampee and eastward becoming SC 90. In 1936, SC 9 was extended north through Spartanburg and Boiling Springs to its current northern terminus at the North Carolina state line; replacing SC 177. In 1940, SC 9 was extended", "id": "5557114" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 5\n\n\nroute from both US 521 and I-85 to both York and Rock Hill. Established as an original state highway, SC 5 originally traveled from SC 9 in Fort Lawn, through Rock Hill and York, to SC 8 in Blacksburg. In 1929 or 1930, SC 5 was extended south along new primary routing to SC 22 in Great Falls. In 1938, SC 5 was extended on both directions, connecting north to SC 18 and south to US 21 in Ridgeway. In 1939, SC 5 reached its longest length with its", "id": "22182862" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\ncounty, crosses over part of Lake Wateree, and enters Liberty Hill. There, it has an intersection with the western terminus of SC 522 (Stoneboro Road). A short distance later, it enters Lancaster County. It continues traveling through rural areas until it intersects SC 200 (Great Falls Highway). The two highways travel concurrently to the west. Almost immediately, they cross over the Catawba River on the Tom G. Mangum Bridge, where they enter Chester County. This bridge is just south of the Fishing Creek Dam", "id": "15954610" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 248\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 248 (SC 248) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Ninety Six National Historic Site. SC 248 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Epworth at U.S. Route 178 (US 178) to Ninety Six at SC 34/SC 246. Established in 1940, it is the second SC 248 and has remained unchanged since inception. The first SC 248 was established by 1930 as a renumbering of SC 151 from US 29", "id": "21840646" }, { "contents": "Ridgeway, South Carolina\n\n\n). U.S. Route 21 passes through the towns, leading north to Great Falls and south to Columbia. South Carolina Highway 34 leads west to Interstate 77 and east to Lugoff. Winnsboro, the county seat, is to the northwest via SC 34. According to the United States Census Bureau, Ridgeway has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 328 people, 138 households, and 96 families residing in the town. The population density was 692.7 people per square mile", "id": "9585082" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects rural areas of Lincoln and Gaston counties to Gastonia. NC 274 was established in 1930 as a new primary routing, from NC 27 to U.S. Route 74 (US 74) and NC 20 (now NC 161) in Bessemer City. Around 1938, it was extended southeast to its current southern terminus at the South Carolina state line, where it continues as South Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274).", "id": "18047645" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 39\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 39 (SC 39) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects various rural communities and towns from the southwest to the northwest sections of the state. SC 39 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from the Savannah River Site to U.S. Route 221 (US 221) south of Laurens. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, traveling from SC 12, in Monetta, to SC 21, in Edgefield. In 1923, SC 39 was extended in", "id": "22043911" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 909\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 909 (SC 909) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities of northern Chester County. SC 909 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in Lowrys to SC 9 near Richburg. The route zig-zags in northern Chester County connecting small communities, and provides access to the Chester Catawba Regional Airport. Established in 1940 as a new primary routing, it originally traversed from SC 9 to US 21 in Lewis", "id": "12654301" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nwhich later became a secondary road by 1948. The current SC 79 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of part of SC 38, from Bennettsville to the North Carolina state line. Between 1967 and 1970, SC 79 was rerouted and replaced SC 383 to SC 9; the old alignment became SC 385. South Carolina Highway 383 (SC 383) was established by 1937 as new primary routing from SC 9 near Bennettsville to SC 79 near Gibson, North Carolina. It was renumbered as part of SC 79 by 1970.", "id": "21700755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 213\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 213 (SC 213) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through mostly rural areas of Newberry and Fairfield counties. It also connects Jenkinsville and the Winnsboro area. SC 213 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 176 (US 176) southeast of Pomaria within Newberry County, where the roadway continues as Parr Road. It travels to the east and crosses over Crims Creek. A short distance later, the highway crosses over the Broad River, Hampton Island and some railroad", "id": "16629962" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 145 (SC 145) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 145 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from U.S. Route 1 (US 1) near McBee, through the county seat of Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It also passes through forest and wildlife refuge areas. The entire route has been officially named the Carolinas Sandhills Parkway by the State of South Carolina. The first", "id": "21845728" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 200 (NC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south from the South Carolina state line near the community of JAARS, to US 601 near Concord. NC 200 traverses , starting at the South Carolina state line, through the city of Monroe, and the towns of Stanfield and Locust, before ending at US 601 near Concord. For its length, it is a two-lane rural highway except in Monroe where it is a four-", "id": "799955" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 151\n\n\n29 (US 29)/SC 15 in Anderson, to SC 20 in Williamston. By 1930, it was renumbered as SC 248. The current SC 151 was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 35 from Darlington to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 151 truncated at SC 9 in Pageland, its route north to the state line replaced by US 601. By 1958, SC 151 replaced SC 151 Alternate, bypassing Hartsville. In 1983, SC 151 was extended and bypassed east of Pageland, to its current", "id": "21952570" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 161 (SC 161) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill, York, and Kings Mountain, North Carolina. SC 161 is a multi-lane highway, traversing from U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and Interstate 77 (I-77), through the northern part of Rock Hill and north around York, to the back entrance area of Kings Mountain State Park and Kings Mountain National Military Park, and ends at the North Carolina state line", "id": "12487686" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 403\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 403 (SC 403) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Timmonsville and the surrounding rural area with the cities of Lake City and Hartsville. SC 403 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for beginning north of Lake City, along SC 341. Going through a northeasterly direction to Hobbs Crossroads, it then goes north to Sardis. Connecting with Interstate 95 (I-95) north of Sardis, it continues north connecting with U.S. Route 76 (US", "id": "22010317" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 212\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 212 (SC 212) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Williams by connecting it with nearby highways. SC 212 is a two-lane rural highway that connects the town of Williams between SC 64 and U.S. Route 21 (US 21). Within Williams, it intersects SC 362 at its eastern terminus. Established around 1938 as a new primary routing as a spur from US 21 to Williams. In 1940, it was extended south to its current", "id": "22114289" }, { "contents": "U.S. Route 521\n\n\nknown as Camden Highway. It passes under I-20 and proceeds to Camden. It then goes on to the town of Kershaw, running concurrent with US 601. The final city it goes through before going into North Carolina is Lancaster. US 521 traverses from the South Carolina state line to Interstate 485. The entire route is a four to six-lane divided highway, split in naming between Lancaster Highway and Johnston Road. Established in 1932, it was overlapped entirely with SC 26, from Georgetown to the North Carolina state line", "id": "21139357" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 83\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 83 (NC 83) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves to connect the towns of Maxton and Clio, South Carolina. NC 83 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line and goes north to end at NC 130 in Seven Bridges. The highway is flanked by both farmland and swamps. NC 83 was established in 1937 as a new primary routing from US 501 to the South Carolina state line, where it continues as SC", "id": "5127960" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 72\n\n\nas a renumbering of SC 7; it traversed from the Georgia state line, near Calhoun Falls, to US 21 in Chester. In 1950, it was extended northeast to US 21/SC 5 in Rock Hill, which replaced part of US 21. In 1951 or 1952, its routing was adjusted west of Greenwood replacing SC 702 and leaving Old Abbeville Highway (S-1-3 and S-24-1). In 1954, SC 72 was placed on bypass south and east around Chester; its old alignment became a business", "id": "7621861" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 198\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 198 (SC 198) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the town of Blacksburg at Interstate 85 (I-85) exit 102 and the northern terminus of SC 5 with the town of Earl, North Carolina by way of North Carolina Highway 198 (NC 198). Though it physically runs north and south, internal SCDOT data and the only signage of SC 198 at the I-85 / SC 5 intersection indicates that it runs east–west. A two-lane rural", "id": "18046947" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 246\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 246 (SC 246) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities and towns in eastern Greenwood County. SC 246 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Friendship to Hodges; connecting the town of Ninety Six and the communities of Coronaca and Cokesbury. The highway also provides access to Star Fort Pond, at Ninety Six National Historic Site, via Kinard Road (S-24-27). Established in 1930 as a replacement for part of SC 24", "id": "21868609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSC 145 appeared in 1941 or 1942 as a new primary route from SC 644 to US 15 north of Walterboro. In 1948, it was downgraded to secondary status, known today as McLeod Road. The current SC 145 was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 85; little has changed since. South Carolina Highway 85 (SC 85) was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 95, it traveled from US 1, near McBee, through Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It was renumbered to", "id": "21845729" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 157\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 157 (SC 157) is a state highway in the Sandhills region of South Carolina. Though it physically runs west to east, it is signed as a north-south road. Its southern terminus at its westernmost point at SC 341 in Kershaw, Lancaster County and its northern terminus (eastern end) at SC 346 about west of Catarrh in rural Kershaw County. SC 157 begins at an intersection with Marion Street and Minor Street in eastern Kershaw. From this point, SC 341 travels west on Marion Street", "id": "17035715" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 45\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 45 (SC 45) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as the main thoroughfare in northern Berkeley County. Established as an original state highway in 1922, it traversed from SC 41 in St. Stephen to SC 31 in St. Matthews. Around 1926, SC 45 was truncated west of St. Stephen along a new alignment of SC 41 (current U.S. Route 52 or US 52). By 1931, SC 45 was extended west on new primary routing to SC 24 in", "id": "22162620" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 781\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 781 (SC 781) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It is used as part of a bypass south of Aiken, between Augusta and Williston, in conjunction with U.S. Route 278 (US 278). SC 781 is a two-lane rural connector highway between US 278 and US 78. Established in 1940 as a new primary route, it traversed from SC 28 in Beech Island east to US 78 west of Williston. In 1953, SC 781 was truncated to its", "id": "15556341" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 49\n\n\nLake Wylie. Established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 163, it ran from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in York to the North Carolina state line in Lake Wylie. In 1956, SC 49 was extended southwest to its current southern terminus at US 221 in Watts Mills replacing SC 91 from York to Monarch, SC 92 from Monarch to Cross Anchor, and SC 30 from Cross Anchor to Watts Mills. In 1960 or 1961, SC 49 was rerouted from Lockhart to Mount Tabor. At an unknown date,", "id": "21332808" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 914\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 914 (SC 914) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Lancaster and Springdale, via Lancaster Mill. SC 914 begins at an intersection with SC 9 Business (SC 9 Bus.; West Meeting Street) on the Lancaster–Lancaster Mill line, within Lancaster County. It travels to the southeast and immediately enters Lancaster Mill proper and curves to the south-southeast. Just after Old Landsford Road, it crosses over some railroad tracks. One block later, at", "id": "18102740" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 211\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 211 (SC 211) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway serves the rural areas of southern Cherokee and western York counties. SC 211 is a two-lane rural highway. The highway begins at SC 150, north of Pacolet in Cherokee County, going easterly along Asbury Road to Asbury, where it connects with SC 18. Splitting from SC 18 onto Gowdeysville Road, it connects with SC 105 in Saratt. Solo again, when it splits from SC 105 with", "id": "14126145" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 20 (SC 20) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Abbeville, Belton, Williamston and Greenville. The highway is signed as a west-east highway though it physically runs south-to-north. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from the Georgia state line to SC 8 (Guess Street/Green Avenue) in Greenville; connecting McCormick, Abbeville, Due West, Honea Path, Belton, and Williamston.", "id": "19237178" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 555\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 555 (SC 555) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route from downtown Columbia to Blythewood. SC 555 traverses from SC 12 in downtown Columbia to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) near Blythewood. Before Interstate 77 (I-77) was completed in the area, SC 555 served as a major thoroughfare; today it is an alternate route. The highway is four lanes south of I-77 and two lanes north of it. The highway was established in", "id": "3546072" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nrenumbering of SC 12, it originally ran from US 521 to the North Carolina state line in Hancock. By 1964, SC 75 was extended to its current western terminus at SC 5 in Van Wyck, replacing part of SC 504. South Carolina Highway 75 Truck (Truck SC 75) is a truck route of SC 75 bypassing Van Wyck. When SC 75 merges off from US 521 near Van Wyck, Truck SC 75 begins and follows US 521 until an interchange with SC 5. Truck Route 75 then follows SC 5", "id": "20072881" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 37\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 37 (SC 37) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It provides a direct route between Barnwell and Springfield. SC 37 is a two-lane rural highway that travels between U.S. Route 278 (US 278) and SC 39, with a connection with US 78 in Elko. SC 37 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 1, in Barnwell, to SC 27, in Williston. In 1923, SC 37 was rerouted", "id": "16526209" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nRoute 176 (US 176)/SC 10 in Spartanburg to the North Carolina state line; it eventually became part of SC 9. The second appeared from 1938-1951 as a new primary routing from US 176 southeast of Pomaria to US 76/SC 2 near Ballentine. It was adjusted twice, in 1948 extending and replacing SC 664, and in 1950 shifting to meet with US 176/SC 121 split. It was eventually renumbered as an extension of US 176. South Carolina Highway 77 (SC 77) was established in 1937", "id": "21845186" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 97 (SC 97) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Camden, Great Falls, Chester, and Hickory Grove. SC 97 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 521 (US 521)/US 601 (Broad Street) in Camden within Kershaw County, northeast of the Camden Country Club. The highway travels to the northwest and meets US 521 Truck/US 601 Truck (Boykin Road) just before leaving the city limits of Camden. It travels through rural areas of the", "id": "15954609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 121\n\n\n, where US 21 continues north towards Fort Mill, while also connecting with SC 322. SC 121 had two previous stents in the state before its current routing was established. The first SC 121 was established in 1925 or 1926 as a new primary routing; it traversed from SC 27 in Aiken, northeast through Wagener and Pelion, to SC 2/SC 12 in Springdale. In 1928, it was renumbered as SC 215. The second SC 121 was established in 1929 or 1930 as new primary routing; it traversed from", "id": "4644891" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 901\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 901 (SC 901) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a slower alternate rural route to Interstate 77 (I-77) and the western bypass of Rock Hill. SC 901 begins along SC 200 near I-77. Going north, it hovers to the west and then east of I-77 and then passes through Richburg. After entering York County, it has its own interchange with I-77, then proceeds to form the western bypass of Rock Hill. It is a two-", "id": "16644755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\n27 around 1931, it traversed from SC 65 (current SC 61) in Givhans, to US 78 east of Ridgeville. In 1940, it was rerouted north from Ridgeville to US 78 and then spur up to the Berkeley County line. In 1941 or 1942, SC 27 was extended north into Berkeley County to SC 31 (current US 176). The first SC 27 was an original state highway; established in 1922, it traversed from SC 21 in Trenton, south to Aiken, then east through Williston, Blackville", "id": "22136169" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nAvenue (on state maps, it is officially SC 19 Connector); while SC 19 southbound travels along Laurens Street/Park Avenue onto Chesterfield Street. SC 19 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 2 in Newberry, north through Whitmire, Union, Spartanburg, Inman and Landrum, to the North Carolina state line continuing as NC 19. In 1923, it was extended south on new primary routing, through Saluda, to SC 21/SC 27 in Trenton. In 1927", "id": "16271415" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 179\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 179 (SC 179) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It travels from Little River to the North Carolina state line, near Calabash. One of the shortest state highways in the state, SC 179 starts at U.S. Route 17 (US 17) in Little River and travels to the North Carolina state line. The route continues on as NC 179, connecting the towns of Calabash, Sunset Beach, and Ocean Isle Beach. The entire route is two lanes wide with brief", "id": "6284330" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 47\n\n\nwas an original state highway (1922) that traversed from SC 40 in Green Sea, northwest through Nichols and Lake View, before entering North Carolina. By 1926 was renumbered to SC 94. SC 47 Truck in Elloree begins at Felderville Road (S-38-81) then onto Snider Street (S-38-1023); at Main Street, it goes back northwest, in concurrency with SC 6/SC 267, reuniting with SC 47 at its northern terminus. A Food Lion distribution center is located in the town, the", "id": "22136670" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 173\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 173 (SC 173) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with U.S. Route 78 (US 78). SC 173 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville northeast to US 78. The predominant features along the route are homes and forest. Established as the second SC 173 in 1940, it traversed from US 15 in Grover east to US 78 near Ridgeville; the section between Ridgeville and US 78 was", "id": "22136291" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 16\n\n\nit connected the cities and towns of Ridgeway, Winnsboro, Chester, York, and Clover. In 1927, US 21 was assigned between Columbia and Chester; the following year SC 16 was removed from that section. In 1931, the first SC 16 was decommissioned when US 321 was assigned on the remaining route. The second SC 16 appeared in 1939 as a new primary routing between SC 48 east to US 76 in Columbia. In 1940, it was extended north from US 76 to SC 12. In 1948, the", "id": "4796568" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 207 (SC 207) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It is entirely within the boundaries of Chesterfield County and serves to connect the city of Pageland, South Carolina to the city of Monroe, North Carolina via North Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207). Starting at the intersection of Elm Street and McGregor Street (U.S. Route 601 (US 601) and SC 9), it travels northwest for to the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 207 towards", "id": "5806442" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 81\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 81 (SC 81) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects rural areas of McCormick County with Greenville, via Calhoun Falls, Iva, Homeland Park, and Anderson. SC 81 begins at an intersection with SC 28 east-southeast of Lethia within McCormick County. This intersection is within Sumter National Forest and just north of SC 28's crossing of Long Cane Creek. It travels to the northwest and curves to the west-southwest and travels through Lethia. It then", "id": "18281932" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 905\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 905 (NC 905) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves as part of an alternate route between Whiteville and Conway, South Carolina, through southeastern Columbus County. NC 905 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina line and South Carolina Highway 905 (SC 905) in Olyphic. Traveling north, it connects with NC 904 in Pireway. After its concurrency with NC 904, it continues solo for , connecting the communities of Bug Hill and", "id": "14981023" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nCarolina state line, near Earl. South Carolina reciprocate in 1930 with the establishment of SC 111 from the state line to Gaffney, which was later renumbered SC 18 in 1937. In 1929, NC 18 was extended north, replacing NC 67, through Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro, to US 21/NC 26 in Sparta. Also in 1929, NC 18 was rerouted south of Morganton going through the Sunnyside community and leaving behind Enola and Enola Road (SR 1922). In 1930, NC 18 was extended northeast along new", "id": "12715101" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 165\n\n\nit curves to the northwest to meet its northern terminus, and intersection with US 17 Alternate (N. Main Street) and Berkeley Circle. Established in 1939 as a new primary highway, SC 165 originally traversed from its current southern terminus to US 17 in Ravenel. This section has remained relatively unchanged; with an exception in Hollywood, where it was realigned in the 1980s, removing a concurrency with SC 162 and leaving Town Council Road. Around 1952, SC 165 was extended north on mostly new construction to Cooks Crossroads, where", "id": "6640073" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 19 (SC 19) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Aiken directly with the Savannah River Site and Edgefield via U.S. Route 25 (US 25). SC 19 operates as arterial four-lane highway from Aiken to the Savannah River Site; to its north, it is a two-lane rural highway to Trenton, where it connects with US 25 and SC 121. In Aiken's downtown area, SC 19 is signed, northbound along Chesterfield Street and Richland", "id": "16271414" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nover SC 200, and quickly SC 9 Business is out of downtown on E. Arch St. A half mile after crossing over SC 200, SC 9 Business ends at SC 9 Bypass. Other than Spartanburg, the City of Lancaster is the largest urban area SC 9 runs through before reaching the North Myrtle Beach area. Like all the numbered highways in Chester, SC 9 Business goes straight through downtown, and the bypass route makes a half-moon path around Chester. SC 9 Business shares a brief concurrency with US 321 Business", "id": "5557121" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\n), replacing US 29 Business (US 29 Bus.). In 2000, SC 20 was extended to its current northern terminus at Falls Park Drive (formerly Camperdown Way) just shy of US 123, replacing part of US 25 Bus. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn.) is a connector route, in concurrency with SC 28 Conn. It connects SC 20 with SC 28, north of Abbeville. The route is unsigned its entire length. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn) is a", "id": "19237181" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Its entire length runs through Union County and serves as the primary connector between the towns of Waxhaw, Mineral Springs, and Monroe. The route roughly parallels a CSX railroad line for its entire span. NC 75 starts at the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, near Hancock, South Carolina. In South Carolina, it continues as SC 75 for to SC 5, in Van Wyck. Heading east from the", "id": "5127428" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 137\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 137 (SC 137) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Norris with rural areas of Pickens, via Six Mile. SC 135 begins at an intersection with SC 93 (Norris Drive) in Norris, within Pickens County, where the roadway continues as East Jamison Street. It travels to the northwest and crosses over Twelve Mile Creek just north of Cateechee. In Six Mile, the highway intersects SC 133 (South Main Street). The two highways travel concurrently until", "id": "16201660" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 59\n\n\n24. The road heads on its northeast trajectory until it meets its northern terminus, an intersection with U.S. Route 76 (US 76), US 123, SC 28 in Seneca. Established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 181 and part of SC 182, SC 59 traversed from the Georgia state line to Fair Play, then north to Seneca ending at US 76/SC 13/SC 28. By 1963, SC 59 was truncated at I-85 due to Lake Hartwell submerging the route to Georgia. The portion south of", "id": "4730382" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects the city of Wadesboro with the towns of Oakboro and Chesterfield, South Carolina. NC 742 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, where continuing south on South Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) would lead to Chesterfield. In Wadesboro, it first runs concurrent with NC 109 before going through the downtown area. At the intersection of Caswell and Greene Streets,", "id": "4827585" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 68\n\n\n-lane configuration about north of the I-95 junction. Passing underneath I-95, SC 68 returns to a two-lane configuration as it enters Yemassee before terminating at an intersection with US 17 Alternate and US 21. Established in 1967 as a renumbering of SC 28, it has remained unchanged since. Prior to the current routing, SC 68 had two previous incarnations: In 1937-38 from Clio to the North Carolina state line (renumbered as SC 83), and in 1938-47 as a short highway spur from US", "id": "6817262" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the South Carolina state line to NC 274 near the unincorporated community of Tryon. NC 216 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, from Kings Mountain National Military Park; the road continues south towards the park as South Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216). Going north, it crosses over Interstate 85 then has a short overlap with", "id": "21201754" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 51\n\n\nroad that starts at US 21 near Fort Mill and ends at the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 51 through Pineville. The route is entirely two-lane, expanding to four lanes at the state line. Established as a new primary routing in 1926; the original routing ran from SC 40 (today as US 701) along Choppee Road (today as S-22-4) and Hemingway Highway (today as SC 261) to Hemingway then onto Florence, ending at SC 41 (today as US", "id": "9677788" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 18 (NC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Traveling north–south through the Foothills region, it connects the cities of Shelby, Morganton, Lenoir, Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro. NC 18 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that travels in western North Carolina. Starting as a continuation of SC 18, at the South Carolina state line near Earl, NC 18 travels north into Shelby, where it overlaps with NC 150 and crosses US 74/NC 226", "id": "12715094" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 93\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 93 (abbreviated S.C. Highway 93 or SC 93) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It runs from U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and SC 28 in Clemson northeast to US 123 in Easley. The highway begins at an interchange with the US 76/SC 28 concurrency and Old Greenville Highway east of downtown Clemson. West of this point, Old Greenville Highway passes through downtown Clemson and the campus of Clemson University and is signed as SC 93 though it is not officially", "id": "22146588" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 27 (SC 27) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with nearby highways. SC 27 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville south to the unincorporated community of Givhans to its south and highways U.S. Route 78 (US 78), Interstate 26 (I-26), and US 176 to its north. The predominant features along the route is farmland mixed with forest and swamps. Established as the second SC", "id": "22136168" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 48\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 48 (SC 48) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves southern Richland County and access to the Congaree National Park. SC 48 begins in downtown Columbia along Assembly Street. It traverses west, passing alongside the South Carolina State House and the University of South Carolina, before turning onto Rosewood Drive and then onto Bluff Road. After leaving the Columbia city limits, it continues through southeastern Richland County as a two-lane rural highway to U.S. Route 601 (US 601", "id": "12287717" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 310\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 310 (SC 310) is an long state highway in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a south-north orientation from Holly Hill north to Vance, and then northwest to its northern terminus, completely within Orangeburg County. SC 310 begins at an intersection with US 176 in Holly Hill. The route heads north to an intersection with SC 45, north of the city. The road continues north into the city of Vance, where it intersects SC 210. After", "id": "4731054" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 57\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 57 (SC 57) is a state highway in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a southeast-northwest orientation from the unincorporated community of Fork northwest through Dillon to Little Rock and then curves northeasterly to the North Carolina state line, north of Little Rock, all completely within Dillon County. SC 57 begins at an intersection with SC 41 and SC 41 Alternate in Fork. The route heads northeast through the town of Floydale until it enters Dillon. In town,", "id": "4796454" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nthe beachfront. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from SC 23 in Dillon, west to SC 10, in Enoree. By 1926, SC 9 was extended east to Lake View, then replacing SC 47 to Green Sea, then southeast on new primary routing to Little River. On its northern end, SC 9 rerouted from Kelly to SC 19, near Spartanburg, replacing SC 92. The route from Kelly to Enoree was renumbered SC 92. In 1927, SC 9 was rerouted between Pageland to", "id": "5557113" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 38\n\n\nconnected with the newly renumbered SC 38. NC 38 has not changed since. North Carolina Highway 771 (NC 771) first appeared as a new primary routing in 1930, traveling from US 311/NC 77, east of Winston-Salem, to US 421/NC 60, in Kernersville. In 1936, NC 771 was replaced by an extension of NC 150. The second NC 771 was established as new primary routing in 1936, from Hamlet to the South Carolina state line, where it continued as SC 96.", "id": "20812160" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\n72 via Central Avenue, Park Street and Glenn Street. SC 66 was established in 1934 as a new primary routing, traversing from SC 56 to US 76/SC 2 in Goldville (now Joanna). In 1941 or 1942, a second SC 66 was created, from SC 706 in Eisons Crossroads to the Newberry-Laurens county line. In 1948, the two sections of SC 66 were connected, and was also extended east into Whitmire replacing part of SC 706. South Carolina Highway 706 (SC 706) was", "id": "15134091" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 513\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 513 (SC 513) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through rural areas of Georgetown County. SC 513 begins at an intersection with SC 41/SC 51 (County Line Road) south-southwest of Hopewell, on the Williamsburg–Georgetown county line. It travels to the north-northeast, on the county line, and nearly immediately intersects the eastern terminus of SC 512 (Henry Road). The highway turns right onto Pleasant Hill Drive and travels to", "id": "17729308" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 66 (SC 66) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the community of Joanna with nearby SC 56 and the town of Whitmire. SC 66 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from SC 56 to SC 72 in Whitmire. It connects to U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and Interstate 26 (I-26). Predominantly in the Sumter National Forest, it meanders through forest lands; in Whitmire, it takes a couple of turns before reaching SC", "id": "15134090" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 60\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 60 (SC 60) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Irmo, connecting nearby Lake Murray and Harbison State Forest. SC 60 is a mostly four-lane with median suburban highway that travels from SC 6 to U.S. Route 176 (US 176), with an interchange with Interstate 26 (I-26)/US 76. SC 60 was established in 1929 as a new primary routing. The route has remained unchanged since inception, though its eastern endpoint was originally US", "id": "22092019" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 64\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 64 (SC 64) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the cities of Barnwell and Walterboro while also providing a direct route to Charleston, via U.S. Route 17 (US 17). SC 64 was established around 1926 as a new primary routing from SC 28 near Ellenton, to SC 6/SC 301 near Ruffin. In 1928, SC 64 was extended east to US 17 in Walterboro, replacing part of SC 6. Around 1930, SC 64 was extended", "id": "22114149" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\n, US 176 was assigned to SC 19 from Newberry to the North Carolina state line; the following year it was removed from the overlap. Also in 1928, SC 19 was extended south, replacing part of SC 27 to US 1/US 78 in Aiken. In 1929 or 1930, SC 19 was extended south (again) to SC 28 north of Ellenton. Around 1952, the Savannah River Site was established; which removed of highway in what is now a restricted area. By 1955, SC 19 was widened", "id": "16271416" } ]

[ { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 200 (SC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Winnsboro, Great Falls, and Lancaster. SC 200 is mostly a rural two-lane highway, traversing northwest from Winnsboro, through Great Falls and Lancaster, to the North Carolina state line. Established in 1937 as a renumbering part of SC 93 to match NC 200; it originally traversed from US 521 to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 200 was extended to its", "id": "18356164" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 903\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 903 (SC 903) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Lancaster to Darlington, Florence, and the Grand Strand. SC 903 is a two-lane rural highway, from Catarrh to Lancaster. Control cities listed southbound include Myrtle Beach. Established either in 1929 or 1930 as a new primary routing, it traversed from SC 35 in Catarrh to SC 9 in Midway. In 1949, SC 903 was extended north to its current northern terminus in Lancaster, replacing an", "id": "22013136" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 99\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 99 (SC 99) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Great Falls with rural areas of Chester County. SC 99 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and SC 200 (Pendergrass Boulevard) in Great Falls within Chester County. It travels to the northwest. On the edge of the city limits of the town is an intersection with SC 97 (Francis Avenue). They have a very brief concurrency. SC 99 travels in a north", "id": "16138937" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Chesterfield with Wadesboro, North Carolina. SC 742 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 145, near Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. The road continues into North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) towards Wadesboro. It was established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 850 and to match NC 742, little has changed since. SC 850 was established in", "id": "21845915" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nlane road from Charlotte Avenue to US 74 and a six-lane divided highway on its concurrency with US 74 and US 601. Established in 1930, it traveled from Monroe at US 74/NC 20/NC 25/NC 151 south to the South Carolina state line where it changed into SC 93 (renumbered to SC 200 in 1937). Between 1931-36, NC 200 was realigned north of Old Highway Road near Jackson. In 1936, the highway was extended north via Franklin Street, Church Street, Winchester", "id": "799956" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\n. The first SC 161 appeared in 1923 as a new primary routing from SC 16 in Eau Claire to SC 22. It was extended northwest by 1926 to SC 7 in Leeds. In 1928, the entire route was renumbered as part of SC 215. The current SC 161 was established in 1930 as a new primary route, it originally traversed from SC 16 (today US 321) to the North Carolina state line, continuing as North Carolina Highway 215 (renumbered in 1937 to NC 161). In 1959, SC", "id": "12487687" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 109\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 109 (SC 109) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 109 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from SC 145 through Ruby and Mount Croghan, to the North Carolina state line. SC 109 was established in either 1937 or 1938 as a new primary route from SC 9 in Mount Croghan to the North Carolina state line. In 1939, it was extended south to SC 85. In", "id": "21845959" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 177 (SC 177) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the community of Wallace with Hamlet, North Carolina. SC 177 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from Wallace at SC 9 to the North Carolina state line. The highway was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 77, little has changed since. Two predecessors existed before the current SC 177 came to existence. The first appeared from 1930-1936 as a new primary routing from U.S.", "id": "21845185" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 79 (SC 79) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects communities in western Marlboro County. SC 79 is a two-lane rural highway, traversing from SC 9 to the North Carolina state line where the road continues in Gibson, North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 79. Originally established in 1937 as a new primary route, it connected U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Denmark, to Voorhees College. In 1938, it was replaced by SC 68,", "id": "21700754" }, { "contents": "Winnsboro, South Carolina\n\n\nand south to Columbia. SC 34 leads southeast to Ridgeway and west to Newberry. SC 200 leads northeast to Great Falls. The unincorporated community of Winnsboro Mills borders the south side of Winnsboro. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Winnsboro has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,564 people, 1,454 households, and 984 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,109.6 people per square mile (428.9/km²). There were 1,597 housing", "id": "9585095" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 34\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 34 (SC 34) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As one of the longer state highways, it traverses the state east-west from Greenwood to Dillon, connecting the cities of Newberry, Winnsboro, Camden, Bishopville and Darlington. SC 34 begins as a hidden highway in downtown Greenwood, at the intersection of Main Street and Maxwell Avenue. On city and state official maps, SC 34 is on an east parallel to U.S. Route 25 Business (US 25 Bus.", "id": "13565724" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 385\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 385 (SC 385) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Bennettsville with northern Marlboro County. SC 385 is a two-lane (mostly) rural highway, traverses from Bennettsville north to SC 79, near the North Carolina state line. The first SC 385 appeared around 1941-42 as a new primary route from SC 341 to U.S. Route 15 (US 15)/SC 34. In 1948, it was downgraded to a secondary road. The current SC", "id": "21700661" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill and Gastonia, North Carolina. Though it generally runs in a north-south fashion, it is signed west-east. SC 274 is mostly a four-lane suburban highway that traverses , from the North Carolina state line, where the road continues north as North Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274), to downtown Rock Hill at SC 322. Established in 1937 as a", "id": "18047413" }, { "contents": "Interstate 77 in South Carolina\n\n\nthe town of Ridgeway and passes under the NS R-Line. The freeway passes to the east of Winnsboro, which is accessed via SC 34 or the next interchange with Road 41. I-77 has junction with Road 20 and SC 200 near Mitford before entering Chester County. The freeway has an interchange with SC 97 (Great Falls Road), which connects the county seat of Chester to the west with the town of Great Falls to the east. Great Falls is where the Piedmont-based Catawba River reaches the Fall Line", "id": "7110295" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 522\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 522 (SC 522) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect communities in central Lancaster County. SC 522 is a two-lane rural highway, from Liberty Hill to the North Carolina state line, near Sapps Crossroads. It is similar to a Farm-to-market road that it provides no real destination for travelers, but does provides access to farmland in central Lancaster County. Originally established in either 1937 or 1938, it was a new primary route", "id": "22034481" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 381 (SC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the towns in eastern Marlboro County. SC 381 traverses from Blenheim at SC 38 to the North Carolina state line where it continues as North Carolina Highway 381 into Gibson, North Carolina. As a two-lane rural highway, it connects the towns of Clio and McColl. The highway was established in 1930 as a new primary route from SC 38 in Blenheim to SC 9 in Clio. In 1931 or", "id": "21652315" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 381 (NC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Hamlet and Gibson. NC 381 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from the South Carolina state line in Gibson to U.S. Route 74 Business near Hamlet. The highway is flanked with farms and has little traffic. Established in 1940 as a renumbering of NC 78 when the route was extended to the South Carolina state line, connecting with SC 381; remained unchanged since inception.", "id": "8146479" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 75 (SC 75) is an state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The road is a mainly rural road. Its eastern terminus at the North Carolina state line at North Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75). SC 75 is a road for most of its existence, as it is here. After running for two miles (3 km) through the tip of Lancaster County, SC 75 overlaps U.S. Route 521 (US 521), running south. From Hancock, the road continues on", "id": "20072879" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 702\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 702 (SC 702) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Greenwood State Park. SC 702 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from SC 246 between Ninety Six and Coronaca, to SC 39 north of Saluda. The current routing of SC 702 was created by 1952 and has remained unchanged since. It was originally established in 1940 as a loop off SC 7 west of Greenwood. By 1942, SC 702 was extended east", "id": "21868670" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 21\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 21 (NC 21) was a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. At its height, it traversed from the South Carolina state line to Raleigh, connecting the cities of Fayetteville, and Lillington. Established as an original state highway, it traversed from the South Carolina state line (continuing as SC 47 to Lake View) north through Lumberton, Fayetteville, and Lillington before ending at NC 10, in Raleigh. In 1925, NC 21 was rerouted south of Fayetteville, replacing NC 22", "id": "18985691" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 265\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 265 (SC 265) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Jefferson with the cities of Kershaw and Chesterfield. SC 265 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 601 (US 601) north of Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. The highway was established in 1928 as a new primary routing from SC 26 in Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. In 1940, it was extended southwest to SC 97 in Liberty Hill. In 1948", "id": "21903505" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 55\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 55 (SC 55) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Clover to Blacksburg, Rock Hill, and Charlotte, North Carolina. SC 55 is a rural two-lane highway, with a median in and around Clover; between Clover and Lake Wylie, it is also paralleled by a major transmission line. It traverses from SC 5 near Kings Creek, to SC 49/SC 274 near Lake Wylie. Travelers to and from Charlotte would connect through", "id": "12594781" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 18 (SC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the cities of Union, Gaffney and Shelby, North Carolina. SC 18 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Fredrick Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 18 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of SC 111, from U.S. Route 29 (US 29) in Gaffney, to the North Carolina state line.", "id": "14222860" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 150\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 150 (SC 150) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Pacolet and Gaffney with the more rural areas of Spartanburg and Cherokee counties. SC 150 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Limestone Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 150 was established in 1940 as a renumbering of part of SC 103, from SC 18 in Gaffney to the North Carolina state line. In 1960-", "id": "14125945" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 223\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 223 (SC 223) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector between Richburg and Landsford Canal State Park. SC 223 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 9 and SC 901 outside of Richburg to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) in the community of Landsford and Landsford Canal State Park. The first SC 223 appeared from 1939-1940 as a spur off SC 22, renumbered as an extension of SC 901. The current SC", "id": "12079569" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the Kings Mountain National Military Park to North Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) at the North Carolina state line. SC 216 is a short two-lane rural highway in the northeast corner of Cherokee County. At its southern terminus at the Kings Mountain National Military Park entrance, the road continues east park-maintained towards York County and SC 161. SC 216 passes through a", "id": "21201795" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 215\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 215 (SC 215) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route to Union from either Columbia or Spartanburg. SC 215 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Columbia to Spartanburg; connecting Jenkinsville, Carlisle, Union, and Roebuck. It was established in 1928 as a renumbering of SC 121 and SC 161. It originally traveled from U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Aiken, northeast through Wagener, Pelion, Edmund, and", "id": "21764584" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 557\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 557 (SC 557) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector route between Clover and Lake Wylie. SC 557 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 55 near Clover to SC 49/SC 274 in Lake Wylie. The highway provides travelers a more direct route to and from Charlotte. Though it runs physically west-to-east, it is signed as a north-south highway with its western end as its southern terminus and", "id": "18047294" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is entirely in the boundaries of Union County and serves to connect the city of Monroe to the city of Pageland, South Carolina, at the South Carolina state line via SC 207. From the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, NC 207 is a two-lane rural highway traversing north through rolling hills of farmland. Once it enters Monroe city limits, it becomes Haynes Street, where it connects several", "id": "19757200" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nLancaster on a more southern route, avoiding the Tradesville area; The old alignment was briefly downgraded to secondary before being renumbered as SC 906. In 1933, SC 9 was realigned on a straight path from Loris to Little River; most of the old route was downgraded to secondary, with exception to Wampee and eastward becoming SC 90. In 1936, SC 9 was extended north through Spartanburg and Boiling Springs to its current northern terminus at the North Carolina state line; replacing SC 177. In 1940, SC 9 was extended", "id": "5557114" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 5\n\n\nroute from both US 521 and I-85 to both York and Rock Hill. Established as an original state highway, SC 5 originally traveled from SC 9 in Fort Lawn, through Rock Hill and York, to SC 8 in Blacksburg. In 1929 or 1930, SC 5 was extended south along new primary routing to SC 22 in Great Falls. In 1938, SC 5 was extended on both directions, connecting north to SC 18 and south to US 21 in Ridgeway. In 1939, SC 5 reached its longest length with its", "id": "22182862" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\ncounty, crosses over part of Lake Wateree, and enters Liberty Hill. There, it has an intersection with the western terminus of SC 522 (Stoneboro Road). A short distance later, it enters Lancaster County. It continues traveling through rural areas until it intersects SC 200 (Great Falls Highway). The two highways travel concurrently to the west. Almost immediately, they cross over the Catawba River on the Tom G. Mangum Bridge, where they enter Chester County. This bridge is just south of the Fishing Creek Dam", "id": "15954610" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 248\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 248 (SC 248) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Ninety Six National Historic Site. SC 248 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Epworth at U.S. Route 178 (US 178) to Ninety Six at SC 34/SC 246. Established in 1940, it is the second SC 248 and has remained unchanged since inception. The first SC 248 was established by 1930 as a renumbering of SC 151 from US 29", "id": "21840646" }, { "contents": "Ridgeway, South Carolina\n\n\n). U.S. Route 21 passes through the towns, leading north to Great Falls and south to Columbia. South Carolina Highway 34 leads west to Interstate 77 and east to Lugoff. Winnsboro, the county seat, is to the northwest via SC 34. According to the United States Census Bureau, Ridgeway has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 328 people, 138 households, and 96 families residing in the town. The population density was 692.7 people per square mile", "id": "9585082" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects rural areas of Lincoln and Gaston counties to Gastonia. NC 274 was established in 1930 as a new primary routing, from NC 27 to U.S. Route 74 (US 74) and NC 20 (now NC 161) in Bessemer City. Around 1938, it was extended southeast to its current southern terminus at the South Carolina state line, where it continues as South Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274).", "id": "18047645" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 39\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 39 (SC 39) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects various rural communities and towns from the southwest to the northwest sections of the state. SC 39 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from the Savannah River Site to U.S. Route 221 (US 221) south of Laurens. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, traveling from SC 12, in Monetta, to SC 21, in Edgefield. In 1923, SC 39 was extended in", "id": "22043911" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 909\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 909 (SC 909) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities of northern Chester County. SC 909 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in Lowrys to SC 9 near Richburg. The route zig-zags in northern Chester County connecting small communities, and provides access to the Chester Catawba Regional Airport. Established in 1940 as a new primary routing, it originally traversed from SC 9 to US 21 in Lewis", "id": "12654301" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nwhich later became a secondary road by 1948. The current SC 79 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of part of SC 38, from Bennettsville to the North Carolina state line. Between 1967 and 1970, SC 79 was rerouted and replaced SC 383 to SC 9; the old alignment became SC 385. South Carolina Highway 383 (SC 383) was established by 1937 as new primary routing from SC 9 near Bennettsville to SC 79 near Gibson, North Carolina. It was renumbered as part of SC 79 by 1970.", "id": "21700755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 213\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 213 (SC 213) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through mostly rural areas of Newberry and Fairfield counties. It also connects Jenkinsville and the Winnsboro area. SC 213 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 176 (US 176) southeast of Pomaria within Newberry County, where the roadway continues as Parr Road. It travels to the east and crosses over Crims Creek. A short distance later, the highway crosses over the Broad River, Hampton Island and some railroad", "id": "16629962" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 145 (SC 145) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 145 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from U.S. Route 1 (US 1) near McBee, through the county seat of Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It also passes through forest and wildlife refuge areas. The entire route has been officially named the Carolinas Sandhills Parkway by the State of South Carolina. The first", "id": "21845728" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 200 (NC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south from the South Carolina state line near the community of JAARS, to US 601 near Concord. NC 200 traverses , starting at the South Carolina state line, through the city of Monroe, and the towns of Stanfield and Locust, before ending at US 601 near Concord. For its length, it is a two-lane rural highway except in Monroe where it is a four-", "id": "799955" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 151\n\n\n29 (US 29)/SC 15 in Anderson, to SC 20 in Williamston. By 1930, it was renumbered as SC 248. The current SC 151 was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 35 from Darlington to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 151 truncated at SC 9 in Pageland, its route north to the state line replaced by US 601. By 1958, SC 151 replaced SC 151 Alternate, bypassing Hartsville. In 1983, SC 151 was extended and bypassed east of Pageland, to its current", "id": "21952570" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 161 (SC 161) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill, York, and Kings Mountain, North Carolina. SC 161 is a multi-lane highway, traversing from U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and Interstate 77 (I-77), through the northern part of Rock Hill and north around York, to the back entrance area of Kings Mountain State Park and Kings Mountain National Military Park, and ends at the North Carolina state line", "id": "12487686" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 403\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 403 (SC 403) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Timmonsville and the surrounding rural area with the cities of Lake City and Hartsville. SC 403 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for beginning north of Lake City, along SC 341. Going through a northeasterly direction to Hobbs Crossroads, it then goes north to Sardis. Connecting with Interstate 95 (I-95) north of Sardis, it continues north connecting with U.S. Route 76 (US", "id": "22010317" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 212\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 212 (SC 212) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Williams by connecting it with nearby highways. SC 212 is a two-lane rural highway that connects the town of Williams between SC 64 and U.S. Route 21 (US 21). Within Williams, it intersects SC 362 at its eastern terminus. Established around 1938 as a new primary routing as a spur from US 21 to Williams. In 1940, it was extended south to its current", "id": "22114289" }, { "contents": "U.S. Route 521\n\n\nknown as Camden Highway. It passes under I-20 and proceeds to Camden. It then goes on to the town of Kershaw, running concurrent with US 601. The final city it goes through before going into North Carolina is Lancaster. US 521 traverses from the South Carolina state line to Interstate 485. The entire route is a four to six-lane divided highway, split in naming between Lancaster Highway and Johnston Road. Established in 1932, it was overlapped entirely with SC 26, from Georgetown to the North Carolina state line", "id": "21139357" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 83\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 83 (NC 83) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves to connect the towns of Maxton and Clio, South Carolina. NC 83 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line and goes north to end at NC 130 in Seven Bridges. The highway is flanked by both farmland and swamps. NC 83 was established in 1937 as a new primary routing from US 501 to the South Carolina state line, where it continues as SC", "id": "5127960" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 72\n\n\nas a renumbering of SC 7; it traversed from the Georgia state line, near Calhoun Falls, to US 21 in Chester. In 1950, it was extended northeast to US 21/SC 5 in Rock Hill, which replaced part of US 21. In 1951 or 1952, its routing was adjusted west of Greenwood replacing SC 702 and leaving Old Abbeville Highway (S-1-3 and S-24-1). In 1954, SC 72 was placed on bypass south and east around Chester; its old alignment became a business", "id": "7621861" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 198\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 198 (SC 198) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the town of Blacksburg at Interstate 85 (I-85) exit 102 and the northern terminus of SC 5 with the town of Earl, North Carolina by way of North Carolina Highway 198 (NC 198). Though it physically runs north and south, internal SCDOT data and the only signage of SC 198 at the I-85 / SC 5 intersection indicates that it runs east–west. A two-lane rural", "id": "18046947" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 246\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 246 (SC 246) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities and towns in eastern Greenwood County. SC 246 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Friendship to Hodges; connecting the town of Ninety Six and the communities of Coronaca and Cokesbury. The highway also provides access to Star Fort Pond, at Ninety Six National Historic Site, via Kinard Road (S-24-27). Established in 1930 as a replacement for part of SC 24", "id": "21868609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSC 145 appeared in 1941 or 1942 as a new primary route from SC 644 to US 15 north of Walterboro. In 1948, it was downgraded to secondary status, known today as McLeod Road. The current SC 145 was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 85; little has changed since. South Carolina Highway 85 (SC 85) was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 95, it traveled from US 1, near McBee, through Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It was renumbered to", "id": "21845729" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 157\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 157 (SC 157) is a state highway in the Sandhills region of South Carolina. Though it physically runs west to east, it is signed as a north-south road. Its southern terminus at its westernmost point at SC 341 in Kershaw, Lancaster County and its northern terminus (eastern end) at SC 346 about west of Catarrh in rural Kershaw County. SC 157 begins at an intersection with Marion Street and Minor Street in eastern Kershaw. From this point, SC 341 travels west on Marion Street", "id": "17035715" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 45\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 45 (SC 45) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as the main thoroughfare in northern Berkeley County. Established as an original state highway in 1922, it traversed from SC 41 in St. Stephen to SC 31 in St. Matthews. Around 1926, SC 45 was truncated west of St. Stephen along a new alignment of SC 41 (current U.S. Route 52 or US 52). By 1931, SC 45 was extended west on new primary routing to SC 24 in", "id": "22162620" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 781\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 781 (SC 781) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It is used as part of a bypass south of Aiken, between Augusta and Williston, in conjunction with U.S. Route 278 (US 278). SC 781 is a two-lane rural connector highway between US 278 and US 78. Established in 1940 as a new primary route, it traversed from SC 28 in Beech Island east to US 78 west of Williston. In 1953, SC 781 was truncated to its", "id": "15556341" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 49\n\n\nLake Wylie. Established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 163, it ran from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in York to the North Carolina state line in Lake Wylie. In 1956, SC 49 was extended southwest to its current southern terminus at US 221 in Watts Mills replacing SC 91 from York to Monarch, SC 92 from Monarch to Cross Anchor, and SC 30 from Cross Anchor to Watts Mills. In 1960 or 1961, SC 49 was rerouted from Lockhart to Mount Tabor. At an unknown date,", "id": "21332808" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 914\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 914 (SC 914) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Lancaster and Springdale, via Lancaster Mill. SC 914 begins at an intersection with SC 9 Business (SC 9 Bus.; West Meeting Street) on the Lancaster–Lancaster Mill line, within Lancaster County. It travels to the southeast and immediately enters Lancaster Mill proper and curves to the south-southeast. Just after Old Landsford Road, it crosses over some railroad tracks. One block later, at", "id": "18102740" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 211\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 211 (SC 211) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway serves the rural areas of southern Cherokee and western York counties. SC 211 is a two-lane rural highway. The highway begins at SC 150, north of Pacolet in Cherokee County, going easterly along Asbury Road to Asbury, where it connects with SC 18. Splitting from SC 18 onto Gowdeysville Road, it connects with SC 105 in Saratt. Solo again, when it splits from SC 105 with", "id": "14126145" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 20 (SC 20) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Abbeville, Belton, Williamston and Greenville. The highway is signed as a west-east highway though it physically runs south-to-north. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from the Georgia state line to SC 8 (Guess Street/Green Avenue) in Greenville; connecting McCormick, Abbeville, Due West, Honea Path, Belton, and Williamston.", "id": "19237178" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 555\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 555 (SC 555) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route from downtown Columbia to Blythewood. SC 555 traverses from SC 12 in downtown Columbia to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) near Blythewood. Before Interstate 77 (I-77) was completed in the area, SC 555 served as a major thoroughfare; today it is an alternate route. The highway is four lanes south of I-77 and two lanes north of it. The highway was established in", "id": "3546072" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nrenumbering of SC 12, it originally ran from US 521 to the North Carolina state line in Hancock. By 1964, SC 75 was extended to its current western terminus at SC 5 in Van Wyck, replacing part of SC 504. South Carolina Highway 75 Truck (Truck SC 75) is a truck route of SC 75 bypassing Van Wyck. When SC 75 merges off from US 521 near Van Wyck, Truck SC 75 begins and follows US 521 until an interchange with SC 5. Truck Route 75 then follows SC 5", "id": "20072881" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 37\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 37 (SC 37) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It provides a direct route between Barnwell and Springfield. SC 37 is a two-lane rural highway that travels between U.S. Route 278 (US 278) and SC 39, with a connection with US 78 in Elko. SC 37 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 1, in Barnwell, to SC 27, in Williston. In 1923, SC 37 was rerouted", "id": "16526209" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nRoute 176 (US 176)/SC 10 in Spartanburg to the North Carolina state line; it eventually became part of SC 9. The second appeared from 1938-1951 as a new primary routing from US 176 southeast of Pomaria to US 76/SC 2 near Ballentine. It was adjusted twice, in 1948 extending and replacing SC 664, and in 1950 shifting to meet with US 176/SC 121 split. It was eventually renumbered as an extension of US 176. South Carolina Highway 77 (SC 77) was established in 1937", "id": "21845186" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 97 (SC 97) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Camden, Great Falls, Chester, and Hickory Grove. SC 97 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 521 (US 521)/US 601 (Broad Street) in Camden within Kershaw County, northeast of the Camden Country Club. The highway travels to the northwest and meets US 521 Truck/US 601 Truck (Boykin Road) just before leaving the city limits of Camden. It travels through rural areas of the", "id": "15954609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 121\n\n\n, where US 21 continues north towards Fort Mill, while also connecting with SC 322. SC 121 had two previous stents in the state before its current routing was established. The first SC 121 was established in 1925 or 1926 as a new primary routing; it traversed from SC 27 in Aiken, northeast through Wagener and Pelion, to SC 2/SC 12 in Springdale. In 1928, it was renumbered as SC 215. The second SC 121 was established in 1929 or 1930 as new primary routing; it traversed from", "id": "4644891" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 901\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 901 (SC 901) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a slower alternate rural route to Interstate 77 (I-77) and the western bypass of Rock Hill. SC 901 begins along SC 200 near I-77. Going north, it hovers to the west and then east of I-77 and then passes through Richburg. After entering York County, it has its own interchange with I-77, then proceeds to form the western bypass of Rock Hill. It is a two-", "id": "16644755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\n27 around 1931, it traversed from SC 65 (current SC 61) in Givhans, to US 78 east of Ridgeville. In 1940, it was rerouted north from Ridgeville to US 78 and then spur up to the Berkeley County line. In 1941 or 1942, SC 27 was extended north into Berkeley County to SC 31 (current US 176). The first SC 27 was an original state highway; established in 1922, it traversed from SC 21 in Trenton, south to Aiken, then east through Williston, Blackville", "id": "22136169" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nAvenue (on state maps, it is officially SC 19 Connector); while SC 19 southbound travels along Laurens Street/Park Avenue onto Chesterfield Street. SC 19 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 2 in Newberry, north through Whitmire, Union, Spartanburg, Inman and Landrum, to the North Carolina state line continuing as NC 19. In 1923, it was extended south on new primary routing, through Saluda, to SC 21/SC 27 in Trenton. In 1927", "id": "16271415" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 179\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 179 (SC 179) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It travels from Little River to the North Carolina state line, near Calabash. One of the shortest state highways in the state, SC 179 starts at U.S. Route 17 (US 17) in Little River and travels to the North Carolina state line. The route continues on as NC 179, connecting the towns of Calabash, Sunset Beach, and Ocean Isle Beach. The entire route is two lanes wide with brief", "id": "6284330" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 47\n\n\nwas an original state highway (1922) that traversed from SC 40 in Green Sea, northwest through Nichols and Lake View, before entering North Carolina. By 1926 was renumbered to SC 94. SC 47 Truck in Elloree begins at Felderville Road (S-38-81) then onto Snider Street (S-38-1023); at Main Street, it goes back northwest, in concurrency with SC 6/SC 267, reuniting with SC 47 at its northern terminus. A Food Lion distribution center is located in the town, the", "id": "22136670" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 173\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 173 (SC 173) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with U.S. Route 78 (US 78). SC 173 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville northeast to US 78. The predominant features along the route are homes and forest. Established as the second SC 173 in 1940, it traversed from US 15 in Grover east to US 78 near Ridgeville; the section between Ridgeville and US 78 was", "id": "22136291" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 16\n\n\nit connected the cities and towns of Ridgeway, Winnsboro, Chester, York, and Clover. In 1927, US 21 was assigned between Columbia and Chester; the following year SC 16 was removed from that section. In 1931, the first SC 16 was decommissioned when US 321 was assigned on the remaining route. The second SC 16 appeared in 1939 as a new primary routing between SC 48 east to US 76 in Columbia. In 1940, it was extended north from US 76 to SC 12. In 1948, the", "id": "4796568" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 207 (SC 207) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It is entirely within the boundaries of Chesterfield County and serves to connect the city of Pageland, South Carolina to the city of Monroe, North Carolina via North Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207). Starting at the intersection of Elm Street and McGregor Street (U.S. Route 601 (US 601) and SC 9), it travels northwest for to the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 207 towards", "id": "5806442" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 81\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 81 (SC 81) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects rural areas of McCormick County with Greenville, via Calhoun Falls, Iva, Homeland Park, and Anderson. SC 81 begins at an intersection with SC 28 east-southeast of Lethia within McCormick County. This intersection is within Sumter National Forest and just north of SC 28's crossing of Long Cane Creek. It travels to the northwest and curves to the west-southwest and travels through Lethia. It then", "id": "18281932" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 905\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 905 (NC 905) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves as part of an alternate route between Whiteville and Conway, South Carolina, through southeastern Columbus County. NC 905 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina line and South Carolina Highway 905 (SC 905) in Olyphic. Traveling north, it connects with NC 904 in Pireway. After its concurrency with NC 904, it continues solo for , connecting the communities of Bug Hill and", "id": "14981023" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nCarolina state line, near Earl. South Carolina reciprocate in 1930 with the establishment of SC 111 from the state line to Gaffney, which was later renumbered SC 18 in 1937. In 1929, NC 18 was extended north, replacing NC 67, through Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro, to US 21/NC 26 in Sparta. Also in 1929, NC 18 was rerouted south of Morganton going through the Sunnyside community and leaving behind Enola and Enola Road (SR 1922). In 1930, NC 18 was extended northeast along new", "id": "12715101" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 165\n\n\nit curves to the northwest to meet its northern terminus, and intersection with US 17 Alternate (N. Main Street) and Berkeley Circle. Established in 1939 as a new primary highway, SC 165 originally traversed from its current southern terminus to US 17 in Ravenel. This section has remained relatively unchanged; with an exception in Hollywood, where it was realigned in the 1980s, removing a concurrency with SC 162 and leaving Town Council Road. Around 1952, SC 165 was extended north on mostly new construction to Cooks Crossroads, where", "id": "6640073" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 19 (SC 19) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Aiken directly with the Savannah River Site and Edgefield via U.S. Route 25 (US 25). SC 19 operates as arterial four-lane highway from Aiken to the Savannah River Site; to its north, it is a two-lane rural highway to Trenton, where it connects with US 25 and SC 121. In Aiken's downtown area, SC 19 is signed, northbound along Chesterfield Street and Richland", "id": "16271414" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nover SC 200, and quickly SC 9 Business is out of downtown on E. Arch St. A half mile after crossing over SC 200, SC 9 Business ends at SC 9 Bypass. Other than Spartanburg, the City of Lancaster is the largest urban area SC 9 runs through before reaching the North Myrtle Beach area. Like all the numbered highways in Chester, SC 9 Business goes straight through downtown, and the bypass route makes a half-moon path around Chester. SC 9 Business shares a brief concurrency with US 321 Business", "id": "5557121" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\n), replacing US 29 Business (US 29 Bus.). In 2000, SC 20 was extended to its current northern terminus at Falls Park Drive (formerly Camperdown Way) just shy of US 123, replacing part of US 25 Bus. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn.) is a connector route, in concurrency with SC 28 Conn. It connects SC 20 with SC 28, north of Abbeville. The route is unsigned its entire length. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn) is a", "id": "19237181" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Its entire length runs through Union County and serves as the primary connector between the towns of Waxhaw, Mineral Springs, and Monroe. The route roughly parallels a CSX railroad line for its entire span. NC 75 starts at the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, near Hancock, South Carolina. In South Carolina, it continues as SC 75 for to SC 5, in Van Wyck. Heading east from the", "id": "5127428" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 137\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 137 (SC 137) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Norris with rural areas of Pickens, via Six Mile. SC 135 begins at an intersection with SC 93 (Norris Drive) in Norris, within Pickens County, where the roadway continues as East Jamison Street. It travels to the northwest and crosses over Twelve Mile Creek just north of Cateechee. In Six Mile, the highway intersects SC 133 (South Main Street). The two highways travel concurrently until", "id": "16201660" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 59\n\n\n24. The road heads on its northeast trajectory until it meets its northern terminus, an intersection with U.S. Route 76 (US 76), US 123, SC 28 in Seneca. Established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 181 and part of SC 182, SC 59 traversed from the Georgia state line to Fair Play, then north to Seneca ending at US 76/SC 13/SC 28. By 1963, SC 59 was truncated at I-85 due to Lake Hartwell submerging the route to Georgia. The portion south of", "id": "4730382" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects the city of Wadesboro with the towns of Oakboro and Chesterfield, South Carolina. NC 742 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, where continuing south on South Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) would lead to Chesterfield. In Wadesboro, it first runs concurrent with NC 109 before going through the downtown area. At the intersection of Caswell and Greene Streets,", "id": "4827585" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 68\n\n\n-lane configuration about north of the I-95 junction. Passing underneath I-95, SC 68 returns to a two-lane configuration as it enters Yemassee before terminating at an intersection with US 17 Alternate and US 21. Established in 1967 as a renumbering of SC 28, it has remained unchanged since. Prior to the current routing, SC 68 had two previous incarnations: In 1937-38 from Clio to the North Carolina state line (renumbered as SC 83), and in 1938-47 as a short highway spur from US", "id": "6817262" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the South Carolina state line to NC 274 near the unincorporated community of Tryon. NC 216 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, from Kings Mountain National Military Park; the road continues south towards the park as South Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216). Going north, it crosses over Interstate 85 then has a short overlap with", "id": "21201754" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 51\n\n\nroad that starts at US 21 near Fort Mill and ends at the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 51 through Pineville. The route is entirely two-lane, expanding to four lanes at the state line. Established as a new primary routing in 1926; the original routing ran from SC 40 (today as US 701) along Choppee Road (today as S-22-4) and Hemingway Highway (today as SC 261) to Hemingway then onto Florence, ending at SC 41 (today as US", "id": "9677788" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 18 (NC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Traveling north–south through the Foothills region, it connects the cities of Shelby, Morganton, Lenoir, Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro. NC 18 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that travels in western North Carolina. Starting as a continuation of SC 18, at the South Carolina state line near Earl, NC 18 travels north into Shelby, where it overlaps with NC 150 and crosses US 74/NC 226", "id": "12715094" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 93\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 93 (abbreviated S.C. Highway 93 or SC 93) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It runs from U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and SC 28 in Clemson northeast to US 123 in Easley. The highway begins at an interchange with the US 76/SC 28 concurrency and Old Greenville Highway east of downtown Clemson. West of this point, Old Greenville Highway passes through downtown Clemson and the campus of Clemson University and is signed as SC 93 though it is not officially", "id": "22146588" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 27 (SC 27) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with nearby highways. SC 27 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville south to the unincorporated community of Givhans to its south and highways U.S. Route 78 (US 78), Interstate 26 (I-26), and US 176 to its north. The predominant features along the route is farmland mixed with forest and swamps. Established as the second SC", "id": "22136168" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 48\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 48 (SC 48) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves southern Richland County and access to the Congaree National Park. SC 48 begins in downtown Columbia along Assembly Street. It traverses west, passing alongside the South Carolina State House and the University of South Carolina, before turning onto Rosewood Drive and then onto Bluff Road. After leaving the Columbia city limits, it continues through southeastern Richland County as a two-lane rural highway to U.S. Route 601 (US 601", "id": "12287717" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 310\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 310 (SC 310) is an long state highway in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a south-north orientation from Holly Hill north to Vance, and then northwest to its northern terminus, completely within Orangeburg County. SC 310 begins at an intersection with US 176 in Holly Hill. The route heads north to an intersection with SC 45, north of the city. The road continues north into the city of Vance, where it intersects SC 210. After", "id": "4731054" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 57\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 57 (SC 57) is a state highway in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a southeast-northwest orientation from the unincorporated community of Fork northwest through Dillon to Little Rock and then curves northeasterly to the North Carolina state line, north of Little Rock, all completely within Dillon County. SC 57 begins at an intersection with SC 41 and SC 41 Alternate in Fork. The route heads northeast through the town of Floydale until it enters Dillon. In town,", "id": "4796454" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nthe beachfront. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from SC 23 in Dillon, west to SC 10, in Enoree. By 1926, SC 9 was extended east to Lake View, then replacing SC 47 to Green Sea, then southeast on new primary routing to Little River. On its northern end, SC 9 rerouted from Kelly to SC 19, near Spartanburg, replacing SC 92. The route from Kelly to Enoree was renumbered SC 92. In 1927, SC 9 was rerouted between Pageland to", "id": "5557113" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 38\n\n\nconnected with the newly renumbered SC 38. NC 38 has not changed since. North Carolina Highway 771 (NC 771) first appeared as a new primary routing in 1930, traveling from US 311/NC 77, east of Winston-Salem, to US 421/NC 60, in Kernersville. In 1936, NC 771 was replaced by an extension of NC 150. The second NC 771 was established as new primary routing in 1936, from Hamlet to the South Carolina state line, where it continued as SC 96.", "id": "20812160" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\n72 via Central Avenue, Park Street and Glenn Street. SC 66 was established in 1934 as a new primary routing, traversing from SC 56 to US 76/SC 2 in Goldville (now Joanna). In 1941 or 1942, a second SC 66 was created, from SC 706 in Eisons Crossroads to the Newberry-Laurens county line. In 1948, the two sections of SC 66 were connected, and was also extended east into Whitmire replacing part of SC 706. South Carolina Highway 706 (SC 706) was", "id": "15134091" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 513\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 513 (SC 513) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through rural areas of Georgetown County. SC 513 begins at an intersection with SC 41/SC 51 (County Line Road) south-southwest of Hopewell, on the Williamsburg–Georgetown county line. It travels to the north-northeast, on the county line, and nearly immediately intersects the eastern terminus of SC 512 (Henry Road). The highway turns right onto Pleasant Hill Drive and travels to", "id": "17729308" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 66 (SC 66) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the community of Joanna with nearby SC 56 and the town of Whitmire. SC 66 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from SC 56 to SC 72 in Whitmire. It connects to U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and Interstate 26 (I-26). Predominantly in the Sumter National Forest, it meanders through forest lands; in Whitmire, it takes a couple of turns before reaching SC", "id": "15134090" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 60\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 60 (SC 60) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Irmo, connecting nearby Lake Murray and Harbison State Forest. SC 60 is a mostly four-lane with median suburban highway that travels from SC 6 to U.S. Route 176 (US 176), with an interchange with Interstate 26 (I-26)/US 76. SC 60 was established in 1929 as a new primary routing. The route has remained unchanged since inception, though its eastern endpoint was originally US", "id": "22092019" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 64\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 64 (SC 64) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the cities of Barnwell and Walterboro while also providing a direct route to Charleston, via U.S. Route 17 (US 17). SC 64 was established around 1926 as a new primary routing from SC 28 near Ellenton, to SC 6/SC 301 near Ruffin. In 1928, SC 64 was extended east to US 17 in Walterboro, replacing part of SC 6. Around 1930, SC 64 was extended", "id": "22114149" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\n, US 176 was assigned to SC 19 from Newberry to the North Carolina state line; the following year it was removed from the overlap. Also in 1928, SC 19 was extended south, replacing part of SC 27 to US 1/US 78 in Aiken. In 1929 or 1930, SC 19 was extended south (again) to SC 28 north of Ellenton. Around 1952, the Savannah River Site was established; which removed of highway in what is now a restricted area. By 1955, SC 19 was widened", "id": "16271416" } ]

[ { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 200 (SC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Winnsboro, Great Falls, and Lancaster. SC 200 is mostly a rural two-lane highway, traversing northwest from Winnsboro, through Great Falls and Lancaster, to the North Carolina state line. Established in 1937 as a renumbering part of SC 93 to match NC 200; it originally traversed from US 521 to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 200 was extended to its", "id": "18356164" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 903\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 903 (SC 903) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Lancaster to Darlington, Florence, and the Grand Strand. SC 903 is a two-lane rural highway, from Catarrh to Lancaster. Control cities listed southbound include Myrtle Beach. Established either in 1929 or 1930 as a new primary routing, it traversed from SC 35 in Catarrh to SC 9 in Midway. In 1949, SC 903 was extended north to its current northern terminus in Lancaster, replacing an", "id": "22013136" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 99\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 99 (SC 99) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Great Falls with rural areas of Chester County. SC 99 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and SC 200 (Pendergrass Boulevard) in Great Falls within Chester County. It travels to the northwest. On the edge of the city limits of the town is an intersection with SC 97 (Francis Avenue). They have a very brief concurrency. SC 99 travels in a north", "id": "16138937" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Chesterfield with Wadesboro, North Carolina. SC 742 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 145, near Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. The road continues into North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) towards Wadesboro. It was established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 850 and to match NC 742, little has changed since. SC 850 was established in", "id": "21845915" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nlane road from Charlotte Avenue to US 74 and a six-lane divided highway on its concurrency with US 74 and US 601. Established in 1930, it traveled from Monroe at US 74/NC 20/NC 25/NC 151 south to the South Carolina state line where it changed into SC 93 (renumbered to SC 200 in 1937). Between 1931-36, NC 200 was realigned north of Old Highway Road near Jackson. In 1936, the highway was extended north via Franklin Street, Church Street, Winchester", "id": "799956" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\n. The first SC 161 appeared in 1923 as a new primary routing from SC 16 in Eau Claire to SC 22. It was extended northwest by 1926 to SC 7 in Leeds. In 1928, the entire route was renumbered as part of SC 215. The current SC 161 was established in 1930 as a new primary route, it originally traversed from SC 16 (today US 321) to the North Carolina state line, continuing as North Carolina Highway 215 (renumbered in 1937 to NC 161). In 1959, SC", "id": "12487687" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 109\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 109 (SC 109) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 109 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from SC 145 through Ruby and Mount Croghan, to the North Carolina state line. SC 109 was established in either 1937 or 1938 as a new primary route from SC 9 in Mount Croghan to the North Carolina state line. In 1939, it was extended south to SC 85. In", "id": "21845959" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 177 (SC 177) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the community of Wallace with Hamlet, North Carolina. SC 177 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from Wallace at SC 9 to the North Carolina state line. The highway was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 77, little has changed since. Two predecessors existed before the current SC 177 came to existence. The first appeared from 1930-1936 as a new primary routing from U.S.", "id": "21845185" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 79 (SC 79) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects communities in western Marlboro County. SC 79 is a two-lane rural highway, traversing from SC 9 to the North Carolina state line where the road continues in Gibson, North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 79. Originally established in 1937 as a new primary route, it connected U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Denmark, to Voorhees College. In 1938, it was replaced by SC 68,", "id": "21700754" }, { "contents": "Winnsboro, South Carolina\n\n\nand south to Columbia. SC 34 leads southeast to Ridgeway and west to Newberry. SC 200 leads northeast to Great Falls. The unincorporated community of Winnsboro Mills borders the south side of Winnsboro. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Winnsboro has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,564 people, 1,454 households, and 984 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,109.6 people per square mile (428.9/km²). There were 1,597 housing", "id": "9585095" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 34\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 34 (SC 34) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As one of the longer state highways, it traverses the state east-west from Greenwood to Dillon, connecting the cities of Newberry, Winnsboro, Camden, Bishopville and Darlington. SC 34 begins as a hidden highway in downtown Greenwood, at the intersection of Main Street and Maxwell Avenue. On city and state official maps, SC 34 is on an east parallel to U.S. Route 25 Business (US 25 Bus.", "id": "13565724" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 385\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 385 (SC 385) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Bennettsville with northern Marlboro County. SC 385 is a two-lane (mostly) rural highway, traverses from Bennettsville north to SC 79, near the North Carolina state line. The first SC 385 appeared around 1941-42 as a new primary route from SC 341 to U.S. Route 15 (US 15)/SC 34. In 1948, it was downgraded to a secondary road. The current SC", "id": "21700661" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill and Gastonia, North Carolina. Though it generally runs in a north-south fashion, it is signed west-east. SC 274 is mostly a four-lane suburban highway that traverses , from the North Carolina state line, where the road continues north as North Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274), to downtown Rock Hill at SC 322. Established in 1937 as a", "id": "18047413" }, { "contents": "Interstate 77 in South Carolina\n\n\nthe town of Ridgeway and passes under the NS R-Line. The freeway passes to the east of Winnsboro, which is accessed via SC 34 or the next interchange with Road 41. I-77 has junction with Road 20 and SC 200 near Mitford before entering Chester County. The freeway has an interchange with SC 97 (Great Falls Road), which connects the county seat of Chester to the west with the town of Great Falls to the east. Great Falls is where the Piedmont-based Catawba River reaches the Fall Line", "id": "7110295" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 522\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 522 (SC 522) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect communities in central Lancaster County. SC 522 is a two-lane rural highway, from Liberty Hill to the North Carolina state line, near Sapps Crossroads. It is similar to a Farm-to-market road that it provides no real destination for travelers, but does provides access to farmland in central Lancaster County. Originally established in either 1937 or 1938, it was a new primary route", "id": "22034481" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 381 (SC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the towns in eastern Marlboro County. SC 381 traverses from Blenheim at SC 38 to the North Carolina state line where it continues as North Carolina Highway 381 into Gibson, North Carolina. As a two-lane rural highway, it connects the towns of Clio and McColl. The highway was established in 1930 as a new primary route from SC 38 in Blenheim to SC 9 in Clio. In 1931 or", "id": "21652315" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 381 (NC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Hamlet and Gibson. NC 381 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from the South Carolina state line in Gibson to U.S. Route 74 Business near Hamlet. The highway is flanked with farms and has little traffic. Established in 1940 as a renumbering of NC 78 when the route was extended to the South Carolina state line, connecting with SC 381; remained unchanged since inception.", "id": "8146479" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 75 (SC 75) is an state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The road is a mainly rural road. Its eastern terminus at the North Carolina state line at North Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75). SC 75 is a road for most of its existence, as it is here. After running for two miles (3 km) through the tip of Lancaster County, SC 75 overlaps U.S. Route 521 (US 521), running south. From Hancock, the road continues on", "id": "20072879" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 702\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 702 (SC 702) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Greenwood State Park. SC 702 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from SC 246 between Ninety Six and Coronaca, to SC 39 north of Saluda. The current routing of SC 702 was created by 1952 and has remained unchanged since. It was originally established in 1940 as a loop off SC 7 west of Greenwood. By 1942, SC 702 was extended east", "id": "21868670" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 21\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 21 (NC 21) was a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. At its height, it traversed from the South Carolina state line to Raleigh, connecting the cities of Fayetteville, and Lillington. Established as an original state highway, it traversed from the South Carolina state line (continuing as SC 47 to Lake View) north through Lumberton, Fayetteville, and Lillington before ending at NC 10, in Raleigh. In 1925, NC 21 was rerouted south of Fayetteville, replacing NC 22", "id": "18985691" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 265\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 265 (SC 265) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Jefferson with the cities of Kershaw and Chesterfield. SC 265 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 601 (US 601) north of Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. The highway was established in 1928 as a new primary routing from SC 26 in Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. In 1940, it was extended southwest to SC 97 in Liberty Hill. In 1948", "id": "21903505" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 55\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 55 (SC 55) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Clover to Blacksburg, Rock Hill, and Charlotte, North Carolina. SC 55 is a rural two-lane highway, with a median in and around Clover; between Clover and Lake Wylie, it is also paralleled by a major transmission line. It traverses from SC 5 near Kings Creek, to SC 49/SC 274 near Lake Wylie. Travelers to and from Charlotte would connect through", "id": "12594781" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 18 (SC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the cities of Union, Gaffney and Shelby, North Carolina. SC 18 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Fredrick Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 18 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of SC 111, from U.S. Route 29 (US 29) in Gaffney, to the North Carolina state line.", "id": "14222860" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 150\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 150 (SC 150) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Pacolet and Gaffney with the more rural areas of Spartanburg and Cherokee counties. SC 150 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Limestone Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 150 was established in 1940 as a renumbering of part of SC 103, from SC 18 in Gaffney to the North Carolina state line. In 1960-", "id": "14125945" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 223\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 223 (SC 223) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector between Richburg and Landsford Canal State Park. SC 223 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 9 and SC 901 outside of Richburg to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) in the community of Landsford and Landsford Canal State Park. The first SC 223 appeared from 1939-1940 as a spur off SC 22, renumbered as an extension of SC 901. The current SC", "id": "12079569" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the Kings Mountain National Military Park to North Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) at the North Carolina state line. SC 216 is a short two-lane rural highway in the northeast corner of Cherokee County. At its southern terminus at the Kings Mountain National Military Park entrance, the road continues east park-maintained towards York County and SC 161. SC 216 passes through a", "id": "21201795" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 215\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 215 (SC 215) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route to Union from either Columbia or Spartanburg. SC 215 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Columbia to Spartanburg; connecting Jenkinsville, Carlisle, Union, and Roebuck. It was established in 1928 as a renumbering of SC 121 and SC 161. It originally traveled from U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Aiken, northeast through Wagener, Pelion, Edmund, and", "id": "21764584" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 557\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 557 (SC 557) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector route between Clover and Lake Wylie. SC 557 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 55 near Clover to SC 49/SC 274 in Lake Wylie. The highway provides travelers a more direct route to and from Charlotte. Though it runs physically west-to-east, it is signed as a north-south highway with its western end as its southern terminus and", "id": "18047294" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is entirely in the boundaries of Union County and serves to connect the city of Monroe to the city of Pageland, South Carolina, at the South Carolina state line via SC 207. From the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, NC 207 is a two-lane rural highway traversing north through rolling hills of farmland. Once it enters Monroe city limits, it becomes Haynes Street, where it connects several", "id": "19757200" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nLancaster on a more southern route, avoiding the Tradesville area; The old alignment was briefly downgraded to secondary before being renumbered as SC 906. In 1933, SC 9 was realigned on a straight path from Loris to Little River; most of the old route was downgraded to secondary, with exception to Wampee and eastward becoming SC 90. In 1936, SC 9 was extended north through Spartanburg and Boiling Springs to its current northern terminus at the North Carolina state line; replacing SC 177. In 1940, SC 9 was extended", "id": "5557114" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 5\n\n\nroute from both US 521 and I-85 to both York and Rock Hill. Established as an original state highway, SC 5 originally traveled from SC 9 in Fort Lawn, through Rock Hill and York, to SC 8 in Blacksburg. In 1929 or 1930, SC 5 was extended south along new primary routing to SC 22 in Great Falls. In 1938, SC 5 was extended on both directions, connecting north to SC 18 and south to US 21 in Ridgeway. In 1939, SC 5 reached its longest length with its", "id": "22182862" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\ncounty, crosses over part of Lake Wateree, and enters Liberty Hill. There, it has an intersection with the western terminus of SC 522 (Stoneboro Road). A short distance later, it enters Lancaster County. It continues traveling through rural areas until it intersects SC 200 (Great Falls Highway). The two highways travel concurrently to the west. Almost immediately, they cross over the Catawba River on the Tom G. Mangum Bridge, where they enter Chester County. This bridge is just south of the Fishing Creek Dam", "id": "15954610" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 248\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 248 (SC 248) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Ninety Six National Historic Site. SC 248 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Epworth at U.S. Route 178 (US 178) to Ninety Six at SC 34/SC 246. Established in 1940, it is the second SC 248 and has remained unchanged since inception. The first SC 248 was established by 1930 as a renumbering of SC 151 from US 29", "id": "21840646" }, { "contents": "Ridgeway, South Carolina\n\n\n). U.S. Route 21 passes through the towns, leading north to Great Falls and south to Columbia. South Carolina Highway 34 leads west to Interstate 77 and east to Lugoff. Winnsboro, the county seat, is to the northwest via SC 34. According to the United States Census Bureau, Ridgeway has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 328 people, 138 households, and 96 families residing in the town. The population density was 692.7 people per square mile", "id": "9585082" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects rural areas of Lincoln and Gaston counties to Gastonia. NC 274 was established in 1930 as a new primary routing, from NC 27 to U.S. Route 74 (US 74) and NC 20 (now NC 161) in Bessemer City. Around 1938, it was extended southeast to its current southern terminus at the South Carolina state line, where it continues as South Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274).", "id": "18047645" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 39\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 39 (SC 39) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects various rural communities and towns from the southwest to the northwest sections of the state. SC 39 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from the Savannah River Site to U.S. Route 221 (US 221) south of Laurens. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, traveling from SC 12, in Monetta, to SC 21, in Edgefield. In 1923, SC 39 was extended in", "id": "22043911" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 909\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 909 (SC 909) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities of northern Chester County. SC 909 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in Lowrys to SC 9 near Richburg. The route zig-zags in northern Chester County connecting small communities, and provides access to the Chester Catawba Regional Airport. Established in 1940 as a new primary routing, it originally traversed from SC 9 to US 21 in Lewis", "id": "12654301" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nwhich later became a secondary road by 1948. The current SC 79 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of part of SC 38, from Bennettsville to the North Carolina state line. Between 1967 and 1970, SC 79 was rerouted and replaced SC 383 to SC 9; the old alignment became SC 385. South Carolina Highway 383 (SC 383) was established by 1937 as new primary routing from SC 9 near Bennettsville to SC 79 near Gibson, North Carolina. It was renumbered as part of SC 79 by 1970.", "id": "21700755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 213\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 213 (SC 213) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through mostly rural areas of Newberry and Fairfield counties. It also connects Jenkinsville and the Winnsboro area. SC 213 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 176 (US 176) southeast of Pomaria within Newberry County, where the roadway continues as Parr Road. It travels to the east and crosses over Crims Creek. A short distance later, the highway crosses over the Broad River, Hampton Island and some railroad", "id": "16629962" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 145 (SC 145) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 145 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from U.S. Route 1 (US 1) near McBee, through the county seat of Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It also passes through forest and wildlife refuge areas. The entire route has been officially named the Carolinas Sandhills Parkway by the State of South Carolina. The first", "id": "21845728" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 200 (NC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south from the South Carolina state line near the community of JAARS, to US 601 near Concord. NC 200 traverses , starting at the South Carolina state line, through the city of Monroe, and the towns of Stanfield and Locust, before ending at US 601 near Concord. For its length, it is a two-lane rural highway except in Monroe where it is a four-", "id": "799955" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 151\n\n\n29 (US 29)/SC 15 in Anderson, to SC 20 in Williamston. By 1930, it was renumbered as SC 248. The current SC 151 was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 35 from Darlington to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 151 truncated at SC 9 in Pageland, its route north to the state line replaced by US 601. By 1958, SC 151 replaced SC 151 Alternate, bypassing Hartsville. In 1983, SC 151 was extended and bypassed east of Pageland, to its current", "id": "21952570" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 161 (SC 161) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill, York, and Kings Mountain, North Carolina. SC 161 is a multi-lane highway, traversing from U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and Interstate 77 (I-77), through the northern part of Rock Hill and north around York, to the back entrance area of Kings Mountain State Park and Kings Mountain National Military Park, and ends at the North Carolina state line", "id": "12487686" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 403\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 403 (SC 403) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Timmonsville and the surrounding rural area with the cities of Lake City and Hartsville. SC 403 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for beginning north of Lake City, along SC 341. Going through a northeasterly direction to Hobbs Crossroads, it then goes north to Sardis. Connecting with Interstate 95 (I-95) north of Sardis, it continues north connecting with U.S. Route 76 (US", "id": "22010317" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 212\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 212 (SC 212) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Williams by connecting it with nearby highways. SC 212 is a two-lane rural highway that connects the town of Williams between SC 64 and U.S. Route 21 (US 21). Within Williams, it intersects SC 362 at its eastern terminus. Established around 1938 as a new primary routing as a spur from US 21 to Williams. In 1940, it was extended south to its current", "id": "22114289" }, { "contents": "U.S. Route 521\n\n\nknown as Camden Highway. It passes under I-20 and proceeds to Camden. It then goes on to the town of Kershaw, running concurrent with US 601. The final city it goes through before going into North Carolina is Lancaster. US 521 traverses from the South Carolina state line to Interstate 485. The entire route is a four to six-lane divided highway, split in naming between Lancaster Highway and Johnston Road. Established in 1932, it was overlapped entirely with SC 26, from Georgetown to the North Carolina state line", "id": "21139357" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 83\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 83 (NC 83) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves to connect the towns of Maxton and Clio, South Carolina. NC 83 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line and goes north to end at NC 130 in Seven Bridges. The highway is flanked by both farmland and swamps. NC 83 was established in 1937 as a new primary routing from US 501 to the South Carolina state line, where it continues as SC", "id": "5127960" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 72\n\n\nas a renumbering of SC 7; it traversed from the Georgia state line, near Calhoun Falls, to US 21 in Chester. In 1950, it was extended northeast to US 21/SC 5 in Rock Hill, which replaced part of US 21. In 1951 or 1952, its routing was adjusted west of Greenwood replacing SC 702 and leaving Old Abbeville Highway (S-1-3 and S-24-1). In 1954, SC 72 was placed on bypass south and east around Chester; its old alignment became a business", "id": "7621861" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 198\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 198 (SC 198) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the town of Blacksburg at Interstate 85 (I-85) exit 102 and the northern terminus of SC 5 with the town of Earl, North Carolina by way of North Carolina Highway 198 (NC 198). Though it physically runs north and south, internal SCDOT data and the only signage of SC 198 at the I-85 / SC 5 intersection indicates that it runs east–west. A two-lane rural", "id": "18046947" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 246\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 246 (SC 246) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities and towns in eastern Greenwood County. SC 246 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Friendship to Hodges; connecting the town of Ninety Six and the communities of Coronaca and Cokesbury. The highway also provides access to Star Fort Pond, at Ninety Six National Historic Site, via Kinard Road (S-24-27). Established in 1930 as a replacement for part of SC 24", "id": "21868609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSC 145 appeared in 1941 or 1942 as a new primary route from SC 644 to US 15 north of Walterboro. In 1948, it was downgraded to secondary status, known today as McLeod Road. The current SC 145 was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 85; little has changed since. South Carolina Highway 85 (SC 85) was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 95, it traveled from US 1, near McBee, through Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It was renumbered to", "id": "21845729" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 157\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 157 (SC 157) is a state highway in the Sandhills region of South Carolina. Though it physically runs west to east, it is signed as a north-south road. Its southern terminus at its westernmost point at SC 341 in Kershaw, Lancaster County and its northern terminus (eastern end) at SC 346 about west of Catarrh in rural Kershaw County. SC 157 begins at an intersection with Marion Street and Minor Street in eastern Kershaw. From this point, SC 341 travels west on Marion Street", "id": "17035715" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 45\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 45 (SC 45) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as the main thoroughfare in northern Berkeley County. Established as an original state highway in 1922, it traversed from SC 41 in St. Stephen to SC 31 in St. Matthews. Around 1926, SC 45 was truncated west of St. Stephen along a new alignment of SC 41 (current U.S. Route 52 or US 52). By 1931, SC 45 was extended west on new primary routing to SC 24 in", "id": "22162620" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 781\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 781 (SC 781) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It is used as part of a bypass south of Aiken, between Augusta and Williston, in conjunction with U.S. Route 278 (US 278). SC 781 is a two-lane rural connector highway between US 278 and US 78. Established in 1940 as a new primary route, it traversed from SC 28 in Beech Island east to US 78 west of Williston. In 1953, SC 781 was truncated to its", "id": "15556341" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 49\n\n\nLake Wylie. Established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 163, it ran from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in York to the North Carolina state line in Lake Wylie. In 1956, SC 49 was extended southwest to its current southern terminus at US 221 in Watts Mills replacing SC 91 from York to Monarch, SC 92 from Monarch to Cross Anchor, and SC 30 from Cross Anchor to Watts Mills. In 1960 or 1961, SC 49 was rerouted from Lockhart to Mount Tabor. At an unknown date,", "id": "21332808" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 914\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 914 (SC 914) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Lancaster and Springdale, via Lancaster Mill. SC 914 begins at an intersection with SC 9 Business (SC 9 Bus.; West Meeting Street) on the Lancaster–Lancaster Mill line, within Lancaster County. It travels to the southeast and immediately enters Lancaster Mill proper and curves to the south-southeast. Just after Old Landsford Road, it crosses over some railroad tracks. One block later, at", "id": "18102740" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 211\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 211 (SC 211) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway serves the rural areas of southern Cherokee and western York counties. SC 211 is a two-lane rural highway. The highway begins at SC 150, north of Pacolet in Cherokee County, going easterly along Asbury Road to Asbury, where it connects with SC 18. Splitting from SC 18 onto Gowdeysville Road, it connects with SC 105 in Saratt. Solo again, when it splits from SC 105 with", "id": "14126145" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 20 (SC 20) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Abbeville, Belton, Williamston and Greenville. The highway is signed as a west-east highway though it physically runs south-to-north. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from the Georgia state line to SC 8 (Guess Street/Green Avenue) in Greenville; connecting McCormick, Abbeville, Due West, Honea Path, Belton, and Williamston.", "id": "19237178" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 555\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 555 (SC 555) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route from downtown Columbia to Blythewood. SC 555 traverses from SC 12 in downtown Columbia to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) near Blythewood. Before Interstate 77 (I-77) was completed in the area, SC 555 served as a major thoroughfare; today it is an alternate route. The highway is four lanes south of I-77 and two lanes north of it. The highway was established in", "id": "3546072" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nrenumbering of SC 12, it originally ran from US 521 to the North Carolina state line in Hancock. By 1964, SC 75 was extended to its current western terminus at SC 5 in Van Wyck, replacing part of SC 504. South Carolina Highway 75 Truck (Truck SC 75) is a truck route of SC 75 bypassing Van Wyck. When SC 75 merges off from US 521 near Van Wyck, Truck SC 75 begins and follows US 521 until an interchange with SC 5. Truck Route 75 then follows SC 5", "id": "20072881" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 37\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 37 (SC 37) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It provides a direct route between Barnwell and Springfield. SC 37 is a two-lane rural highway that travels between U.S. Route 278 (US 278) and SC 39, with a connection with US 78 in Elko. SC 37 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 1, in Barnwell, to SC 27, in Williston. In 1923, SC 37 was rerouted", "id": "16526209" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nRoute 176 (US 176)/SC 10 in Spartanburg to the North Carolina state line; it eventually became part of SC 9. The second appeared from 1938-1951 as a new primary routing from US 176 southeast of Pomaria to US 76/SC 2 near Ballentine. It was adjusted twice, in 1948 extending and replacing SC 664, and in 1950 shifting to meet with US 176/SC 121 split. It was eventually renumbered as an extension of US 176. South Carolina Highway 77 (SC 77) was established in 1937", "id": "21845186" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 97 (SC 97) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Camden, Great Falls, Chester, and Hickory Grove. SC 97 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 521 (US 521)/US 601 (Broad Street) in Camden within Kershaw County, northeast of the Camden Country Club. The highway travels to the northwest and meets US 521 Truck/US 601 Truck (Boykin Road) just before leaving the city limits of Camden. It travels through rural areas of the", "id": "15954609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 121\n\n\n, where US 21 continues north towards Fort Mill, while also connecting with SC 322. SC 121 had two previous stents in the state before its current routing was established. The first SC 121 was established in 1925 or 1926 as a new primary routing; it traversed from SC 27 in Aiken, northeast through Wagener and Pelion, to SC 2/SC 12 in Springdale. In 1928, it was renumbered as SC 215. The second SC 121 was established in 1929 or 1930 as new primary routing; it traversed from", "id": "4644891" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 901\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 901 (SC 901) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a slower alternate rural route to Interstate 77 (I-77) and the western bypass of Rock Hill. SC 901 begins along SC 200 near I-77. Going north, it hovers to the west and then east of I-77 and then passes through Richburg. After entering York County, it has its own interchange with I-77, then proceeds to form the western bypass of Rock Hill. It is a two-", "id": "16644755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\n27 around 1931, it traversed from SC 65 (current SC 61) in Givhans, to US 78 east of Ridgeville. In 1940, it was rerouted north from Ridgeville to US 78 and then spur up to the Berkeley County line. In 1941 or 1942, SC 27 was extended north into Berkeley County to SC 31 (current US 176). The first SC 27 was an original state highway; established in 1922, it traversed from SC 21 in Trenton, south to Aiken, then east through Williston, Blackville", "id": "22136169" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nAvenue (on state maps, it is officially SC 19 Connector); while SC 19 southbound travels along Laurens Street/Park Avenue onto Chesterfield Street. SC 19 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 2 in Newberry, north through Whitmire, Union, Spartanburg, Inman and Landrum, to the North Carolina state line continuing as NC 19. In 1923, it was extended south on new primary routing, through Saluda, to SC 21/SC 27 in Trenton. In 1927", "id": "16271415" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 179\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 179 (SC 179) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It travels from Little River to the North Carolina state line, near Calabash. One of the shortest state highways in the state, SC 179 starts at U.S. Route 17 (US 17) in Little River and travels to the North Carolina state line. The route continues on as NC 179, connecting the towns of Calabash, Sunset Beach, and Ocean Isle Beach. The entire route is two lanes wide with brief", "id": "6284330" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 47\n\n\nwas an original state highway (1922) that traversed from SC 40 in Green Sea, northwest through Nichols and Lake View, before entering North Carolina. By 1926 was renumbered to SC 94. SC 47 Truck in Elloree begins at Felderville Road (S-38-81) then onto Snider Street (S-38-1023); at Main Street, it goes back northwest, in concurrency with SC 6/SC 267, reuniting with SC 47 at its northern terminus. A Food Lion distribution center is located in the town, the", "id": "22136670" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 173\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 173 (SC 173) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with U.S. Route 78 (US 78). SC 173 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville northeast to US 78. The predominant features along the route are homes and forest. Established as the second SC 173 in 1940, it traversed from US 15 in Grover east to US 78 near Ridgeville; the section between Ridgeville and US 78 was", "id": "22136291" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 16\n\n\nit connected the cities and towns of Ridgeway, Winnsboro, Chester, York, and Clover. In 1927, US 21 was assigned between Columbia and Chester; the following year SC 16 was removed from that section. In 1931, the first SC 16 was decommissioned when US 321 was assigned on the remaining route. The second SC 16 appeared in 1939 as a new primary routing between SC 48 east to US 76 in Columbia. In 1940, it was extended north from US 76 to SC 12. In 1948, the", "id": "4796568" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 207 (SC 207) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It is entirely within the boundaries of Chesterfield County and serves to connect the city of Pageland, South Carolina to the city of Monroe, North Carolina via North Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207). Starting at the intersection of Elm Street and McGregor Street (U.S. Route 601 (US 601) and SC 9), it travels northwest for to the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 207 towards", "id": "5806442" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 81\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 81 (SC 81) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects rural areas of McCormick County with Greenville, via Calhoun Falls, Iva, Homeland Park, and Anderson. SC 81 begins at an intersection with SC 28 east-southeast of Lethia within McCormick County. This intersection is within Sumter National Forest and just north of SC 28's crossing of Long Cane Creek. It travels to the northwest and curves to the west-southwest and travels through Lethia. It then", "id": "18281932" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 905\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 905 (NC 905) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves as part of an alternate route between Whiteville and Conway, South Carolina, through southeastern Columbus County. NC 905 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina line and South Carolina Highway 905 (SC 905) in Olyphic. Traveling north, it connects with NC 904 in Pireway. After its concurrency with NC 904, it continues solo for , connecting the communities of Bug Hill and", "id": "14981023" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nCarolina state line, near Earl. South Carolina reciprocate in 1930 with the establishment of SC 111 from the state line to Gaffney, which was later renumbered SC 18 in 1937. In 1929, NC 18 was extended north, replacing NC 67, through Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro, to US 21/NC 26 in Sparta. Also in 1929, NC 18 was rerouted south of Morganton going through the Sunnyside community and leaving behind Enola and Enola Road (SR 1922). In 1930, NC 18 was extended northeast along new", "id": "12715101" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 165\n\n\nit curves to the northwest to meet its northern terminus, and intersection with US 17 Alternate (N. Main Street) and Berkeley Circle. Established in 1939 as a new primary highway, SC 165 originally traversed from its current southern terminus to US 17 in Ravenel. This section has remained relatively unchanged; with an exception in Hollywood, where it was realigned in the 1980s, removing a concurrency with SC 162 and leaving Town Council Road. Around 1952, SC 165 was extended north on mostly new construction to Cooks Crossroads, where", "id": "6640073" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 19 (SC 19) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Aiken directly with the Savannah River Site and Edgefield via U.S. Route 25 (US 25). SC 19 operates as arterial four-lane highway from Aiken to the Savannah River Site; to its north, it is a two-lane rural highway to Trenton, where it connects with US 25 and SC 121. In Aiken's downtown area, SC 19 is signed, northbound along Chesterfield Street and Richland", "id": "16271414" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nover SC 200, and quickly SC 9 Business is out of downtown on E. Arch St. A half mile after crossing over SC 200, SC 9 Business ends at SC 9 Bypass. Other than Spartanburg, the City of Lancaster is the largest urban area SC 9 runs through before reaching the North Myrtle Beach area. Like all the numbered highways in Chester, SC 9 Business goes straight through downtown, and the bypass route makes a half-moon path around Chester. SC 9 Business shares a brief concurrency with US 321 Business", "id": "5557121" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\n), replacing US 29 Business (US 29 Bus.). In 2000, SC 20 was extended to its current northern terminus at Falls Park Drive (formerly Camperdown Way) just shy of US 123, replacing part of US 25 Bus. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn.) is a connector route, in concurrency with SC 28 Conn. It connects SC 20 with SC 28, north of Abbeville. The route is unsigned its entire length. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn) is a", "id": "19237181" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Its entire length runs through Union County and serves as the primary connector between the towns of Waxhaw, Mineral Springs, and Monroe. The route roughly parallels a CSX railroad line for its entire span. NC 75 starts at the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, near Hancock, South Carolina. In South Carolina, it continues as SC 75 for to SC 5, in Van Wyck. Heading east from the", "id": "5127428" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 137\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 137 (SC 137) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Norris with rural areas of Pickens, via Six Mile. SC 135 begins at an intersection with SC 93 (Norris Drive) in Norris, within Pickens County, where the roadway continues as East Jamison Street. It travels to the northwest and crosses over Twelve Mile Creek just north of Cateechee. In Six Mile, the highway intersects SC 133 (South Main Street). The two highways travel concurrently until", "id": "16201660" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 59\n\n\n24. The road heads on its northeast trajectory until it meets its northern terminus, an intersection with U.S. Route 76 (US 76), US 123, SC 28 in Seneca. Established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 181 and part of SC 182, SC 59 traversed from the Georgia state line to Fair Play, then north to Seneca ending at US 76/SC 13/SC 28. By 1963, SC 59 was truncated at I-85 due to Lake Hartwell submerging the route to Georgia. The portion south of", "id": "4730382" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects the city of Wadesboro with the towns of Oakboro and Chesterfield, South Carolina. NC 742 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, where continuing south on South Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) would lead to Chesterfield. In Wadesboro, it first runs concurrent with NC 109 before going through the downtown area. At the intersection of Caswell and Greene Streets,", "id": "4827585" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 68\n\n\n-lane configuration about north of the I-95 junction. Passing underneath I-95, SC 68 returns to a two-lane configuration as it enters Yemassee before terminating at an intersection with US 17 Alternate and US 21. Established in 1967 as a renumbering of SC 28, it has remained unchanged since. Prior to the current routing, SC 68 had two previous incarnations: In 1937-38 from Clio to the North Carolina state line (renumbered as SC 83), and in 1938-47 as a short highway spur from US", "id": "6817262" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the South Carolina state line to NC 274 near the unincorporated community of Tryon. NC 216 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, from Kings Mountain National Military Park; the road continues south towards the park as South Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216). Going north, it crosses over Interstate 85 then has a short overlap with", "id": "21201754" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 51\n\n\nroad that starts at US 21 near Fort Mill and ends at the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 51 through Pineville. The route is entirely two-lane, expanding to four lanes at the state line. Established as a new primary routing in 1926; the original routing ran from SC 40 (today as US 701) along Choppee Road (today as S-22-4) and Hemingway Highway (today as SC 261) to Hemingway then onto Florence, ending at SC 41 (today as US", "id": "9677788" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 18 (NC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Traveling north–south through the Foothills region, it connects the cities of Shelby, Morganton, Lenoir, Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro. NC 18 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that travels in western North Carolina. Starting as a continuation of SC 18, at the South Carolina state line near Earl, NC 18 travels north into Shelby, where it overlaps with NC 150 and crosses US 74/NC 226", "id": "12715094" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 93\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 93 (abbreviated S.C. Highway 93 or SC 93) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It runs from U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and SC 28 in Clemson northeast to US 123 in Easley. The highway begins at an interchange with the US 76/SC 28 concurrency and Old Greenville Highway east of downtown Clemson. West of this point, Old Greenville Highway passes through downtown Clemson and the campus of Clemson University and is signed as SC 93 though it is not officially", "id": "22146588" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 27 (SC 27) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with nearby highways. SC 27 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville south to the unincorporated community of Givhans to its south and highways U.S. Route 78 (US 78), Interstate 26 (I-26), and US 176 to its north. The predominant features along the route is farmland mixed with forest and swamps. Established as the second SC", "id": "22136168" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 48\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 48 (SC 48) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves southern Richland County and access to the Congaree National Park. SC 48 begins in downtown Columbia along Assembly Street. It traverses west, passing alongside the South Carolina State House and the University of South Carolina, before turning onto Rosewood Drive and then onto Bluff Road. After leaving the Columbia city limits, it continues through southeastern Richland County as a two-lane rural highway to U.S. Route 601 (US 601", "id": "12287717" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 310\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 310 (SC 310) is an long state highway in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a south-north orientation from Holly Hill north to Vance, and then northwest to its northern terminus, completely within Orangeburg County. SC 310 begins at an intersection with US 176 in Holly Hill. The route heads north to an intersection with SC 45, north of the city. The road continues north into the city of Vance, where it intersects SC 210. After", "id": "4731054" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 57\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 57 (SC 57) is a state highway in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a southeast-northwest orientation from the unincorporated community of Fork northwest through Dillon to Little Rock and then curves northeasterly to the North Carolina state line, north of Little Rock, all completely within Dillon County. SC 57 begins at an intersection with SC 41 and SC 41 Alternate in Fork. The route heads northeast through the town of Floydale until it enters Dillon. In town,", "id": "4796454" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nthe beachfront. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from SC 23 in Dillon, west to SC 10, in Enoree. By 1926, SC 9 was extended east to Lake View, then replacing SC 47 to Green Sea, then southeast on new primary routing to Little River. On its northern end, SC 9 rerouted from Kelly to SC 19, near Spartanburg, replacing SC 92. The route from Kelly to Enoree was renumbered SC 92. In 1927, SC 9 was rerouted between Pageland to", "id": "5557113" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 38\n\n\nconnected with the newly renumbered SC 38. NC 38 has not changed since. North Carolina Highway 771 (NC 771) first appeared as a new primary routing in 1930, traveling from US 311/NC 77, east of Winston-Salem, to US 421/NC 60, in Kernersville. In 1936, NC 771 was replaced by an extension of NC 150. The second NC 771 was established as new primary routing in 1936, from Hamlet to the South Carolina state line, where it continued as SC 96.", "id": "20812160" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\n72 via Central Avenue, Park Street and Glenn Street. SC 66 was established in 1934 as a new primary routing, traversing from SC 56 to US 76/SC 2 in Goldville (now Joanna). In 1941 or 1942, a second SC 66 was created, from SC 706 in Eisons Crossroads to the Newberry-Laurens county line. In 1948, the two sections of SC 66 were connected, and was also extended east into Whitmire replacing part of SC 706. South Carolina Highway 706 (SC 706) was", "id": "15134091" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 513\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 513 (SC 513) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through rural areas of Georgetown County. SC 513 begins at an intersection with SC 41/SC 51 (County Line Road) south-southwest of Hopewell, on the Williamsburg–Georgetown county line. It travels to the north-northeast, on the county line, and nearly immediately intersects the eastern terminus of SC 512 (Henry Road). The highway turns right onto Pleasant Hill Drive and travels to", "id": "17729308" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 66 (SC 66) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the community of Joanna with nearby SC 56 and the town of Whitmire. SC 66 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from SC 56 to SC 72 in Whitmire. It connects to U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and Interstate 26 (I-26). Predominantly in the Sumter National Forest, it meanders through forest lands; in Whitmire, it takes a couple of turns before reaching SC", "id": "15134090" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 60\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 60 (SC 60) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Irmo, connecting nearby Lake Murray and Harbison State Forest. SC 60 is a mostly four-lane with median suburban highway that travels from SC 6 to U.S. Route 176 (US 176), with an interchange with Interstate 26 (I-26)/US 76. SC 60 was established in 1929 as a new primary routing. The route has remained unchanged since inception, though its eastern endpoint was originally US", "id": "22092019" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 64\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 64 (SC 64) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the cities of Barnwell and Walterboro while also providing a direct route to Charleston, via U.S. Route 17 (US 17). SC 64 was established around 1926 as a new primary routing from SC 28 near Ellenton, to SC 6/SC 301 near Ruffin. In 1928, SC 64 was extended east to US 17 in Walterboro, replacing part of SC 6. Around 1930, SC 64 was extended", "id": "22114149" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\n, US 176 was assigned to SC 19 from Newberry to the North Carolina state line; the following year it was removed from the overlap. Also in 1928, SC 19 was extended south, replacing part of SC 27 to US 1/US 78 in Aiken. In 1929 or 1930, SC 19 was extended south (again) to SC 28 north of Ellenton. Around 1952, the Savannah River Site was established; which removed of highway in what is now a restricted area. By 1955, SC 19 was widened", "id": "16271416" } ]

[ { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 200 (SC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Winnsboro, Great Falls, and Lancaster. SC 200 is mostly a rural two-lane highway, traversing northwest from Winnsboro, through Great Falls and Lancaster, to the North Carolina state line. Established in 1937 as a renumbering part of SC 93 to match NC 200; it originally traversed from US 521 to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 200 was extended to its", "id": "18356164" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 903\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 903 (SC 903) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Lancaster to Darlington, Florence, and the Grand Strand. SC 903 is a two-lane rural highway, from Catarrh to Lancaster. Control cities listed southbound include Myrtle Beach. Established either in 1929 or 1930 as a new primary routing, it traversed from SC 35 in Catarrh to SC 9 in Midway. In 1949, SC 903 was extended north to its current northern terminus in Lancaster, replacing an", "id": "22013136" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 99\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 99 (SC 99) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Great Falls with rural areas of Chester County. SC 99 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and SC 200 (Pendergrass Boulevard) in Great Falls within Chester County. It travels to the northwest. On the edge of the city limits of the town is an intersection with SC 97 (Francis Avenue). They have a very brief concurrency. SC 99 travels in a north", "id": "16138937" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Chesterfield with Wadesboro, North Carolina. SC 742 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 145, near Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. The road continues into North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) towards Wadesboro. It was established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 850 and to match NC 742, little has changed since. SC 850 was established in", "id": "21845915" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nlane road from Charlotte Avenue to US 74 and a six-lane divided highway on its concurrency with US 74 and US 601. Established in 1930, it traveled from Monroe at US 74/NC 20/NC 25/NC 151 south to the South Carolina state line where it changed into SC 93 (renumbered to SC 200 in 1937). Between 1931-36, NC 200 was realigned north of Old Highway Road near Jackson. In 1936, the highway was extended north via Franklin Street, Church Street, Winchester", "id": "799956" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\n. The first SC 161 appeared in 1923 as a new primary routing from SC 16 in Eau Claire to SC 22. It was extended northwest by 1926 to SC 7 in Leeds. In 1928, the entire route was renumbered as part of SC 215. The current SC 161 was established in 1930 as a new primary route, it originally traversed from SC 16 (today US 321) to the North Carolina state line, continuing as North Carolina Highway 215 (renumbered in 1937 to NC 161). In 1959, SC", "id": "12487687" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 109\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 109 (SC 109) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 109 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from SC 145 through Ruby and Mount Croghan, to the North Carolina state line. SC 109 was established in either 1937 or 1938 as a new primary route from SC 9 in Mount Croghan to the North Carolina state line. In 1939, it was extended south to SC 85. In", "id": "21845959" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 177 (SC 177) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the community of Wallace with Hamlet, North Carolina. SC 177 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from Wallace at SC 9 to the North Carolina state line. The highway was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 77, little has changed since. Two predecessors existed before the current SC 177 came to existence. The first appeared from 1930-1936 as a new primary routing from U.S.", "id": "21845185" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 79 (SC 79) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects communities in western Marlboro County. SC 79 is a two-lane rural highway, traversing from SC 9 to the North Carolina state line where the road continues in Gibson, North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 79. Originally established in 1937 as a new primary route, it connected U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Denmark, to Voorhees College. In 1938, it was replaced by SC 68,", "id": "21700754" }, { "contents": "Winnsboro, South Carolina\n\n\nand south to Columbia. SC 34 leads southeast to Ridgeway and west to Newberry. SC 200 leads northeast to Great Falls. The unincorporated community of Winnsboro Mills borders the south side of Winnsboro. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Winnsboro has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,564 people, 1,454 households, and 984 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,109.6 people per square mile (428.9/km²). There were 1,597 housing", "id": "9585095" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 34\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 34 (SC 34) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As one of the longer state highways, it traverses the state east-west from Greenwood to Dillon, connecting the cities of Newberry, Winnsboro, Camden, Bishopville and Darlington. SC 34 begins as a hidden highway in downtown Greenwood, at the intersection of Main Street and Maxwell Avenue. On city and state official maps, SC 34 is on an east parallel to U.S. Route 25 Business (US 25 Bus.", "id": "13565724" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 385\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 385 (SC 385) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Bennettsville with northern Marlboro County. SC 385 is a two-lane (mostly) rural highway, traverses from Bennettsville north to SC 79, near the North Carolina state line. The first SC 385 appeared around 1941-42 as a new primary route from SC 341 to U.S. Route 15 (US 15)/SC 34. In 1948, it was downgraded to a secondary road. The current SC", "id": "21700661" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill and Gastonia, North Carolina. Though it generally runs in a north-south fashion, it is signed west-east. SC 274 is mostly a four-lane suburban highway that traverses , from the North Carolina state line, where the road continues north as North Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274), to downtown Rock Hill at SC 322. Established in 1937 as a", "id": "18047413" }, { "contents": "Interstate 77 in South Carolina\n\n\nthe town of Ridgeway and passes under the NS R-Line. The freeway passes to the east of Winnsboro, which is accessed via SC 34 or the next interchange with Road 41. I-77 has junction with Road 20 and SC 200 near Mitford before entering Chester County. The freeway has an interchange with SC 97 (Great Falls Road), which connects the county seat of Chester to the west with the town of Great Falls to the east. Great Falls is where the Piedmont-based Catawba River reaches the Fall Line", "id": "7110295" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 522\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 522 (SC 522) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect communities in central Lancaster County. SC 522 is a two-lane rural highway, from Liberty Hill to the North Carolina state line, near Sapps Crossroads. It is similar to a Farm-to-market road that it provides no real destination for travelers, but does provides access to farmland in central Lancaster County. Originally established in either 1937 or 1938, it was a new primary route", "id": "22034481" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 381 (SC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the towns in eastern Marlboro County. SC 381 traverses from Blenheim at SC 38 to the North Carolina state line where it continues as North Carolina Highway 381 into Gibson, North Carolina. As a two-lane rural highway, it connects the towns of Clio and McColl. The highway was established in 1930 as a new primary route from SC 38 in Blenheim to SC 9 in Clio. In 1931 or", "id": "21652315" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 381 (NC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Hamlet and Gibson. NC 381 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from the South Carolina state line in Gibson to U.S. Route 74 Business near Hamlet. The highway is flanked with farms and has little traffic. Established in 1940 as a renumbering of NC 78 when the route was extended to the South Carolina state line, connecting with SC 381; remained unchanged since inception.", "id": "8146479" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 75 (SC 75) is an state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The road is a mainly rural road. Its eastern terminus at the North Carolina state line at North Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75). SC 75 is a road for most of its existence, as it is here. After running for two miles (3 km) through the tip of Lancaster County, SC 75 overlaps U.S. Route 521 (US 521), running south. From Hancock, the road continues on", "id": "20072879" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 702\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 702 (SC 702) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Greenwood State Park. SC 702 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from SC 246 between Ninety Six and Coronaca, to SC 39 north of Saluda. The current routing of SC 702 was created by 1952 and has remained unchanged since. It was originally established in 1940 as a loop off SC 7 west of Greenwood. By 1942, SC 702 was extended east", "id": "21868670" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 21\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 21 (NC 21) was a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. At its height, it traversed from the South Carolina state line to Raleigh, connecting the cities of Fayetteville, and Lillington. Established as an original state highway, it traversed from the South Carolina state line (continuing as SC 47 to Lake View) north through Lumberton, Fayetteville, and Lillington before ending at NC 10, in Raleigh. In 1925, NC 21 was rerouted south of Fayetteville, replacing NC 22", "id": "18985691" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 265\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 265 (SC 265) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Jefferson with the cities of Kershaw and Chesterfield. SC 265 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 601 (US 601) north of Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. The highway was established in 1928 as a new primary routing from SC 26 in Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. In 1940, it was extended southwest to SC 97 in Liberty Hill. In 1948", "id": "21903505" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 55\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 55 (SC 55) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Clover to Blacksburg, Rock Hill, and Charlotte, North Carolina. SC 55 is a rural two-lane highway, with a median in and around Clover; between Clover and Lake Wylie, it is also paralleled by a major transmission line. It traverses from SC 5 near Kings Creek, to SC 49/SC 274 near Lake Wylie. Travelers to and from Charlotte would connect through", "id": "12594781" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 18 (SC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the cities of Union, Gaffney and Shelby, North Carolina. SC 18 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Fredrick Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 18 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of SC 111, from U.S. Route 29 (US 29) in Gaffney, to the North Carolina state line.", "id": "14222860" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 150\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 150 (SC 150) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Pacolet and Gaffney with the more rural areas of Spartanburg and Cherokee counties. SC 150 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Limestone Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 150 was established in 1940 as a renumbering of part of SC 103, from SC 18 in Gaffney to the North Carolina state line. In 1960-", "id": "14125945" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 223\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 223 (SC 223) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector between Richburg and Landsford Canal State Park. SC 223 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 9 and SC 901 outside of Richburg to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) in the community of Landsford and Landsford Canal State Park. The first SC 223 appeared from 1939-1940 as a spur off SC 22, renumbered as an extension of SC 901. The current SC", "id": "12079569" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the Kings Mountain National Military Park to North Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) at the North Carolina state line. SC 216 is a short two-lane rural highway in the northeast corner of Cherokee County. At its southern terminus at the Kings Mountain National Military Park entrance, the road continues east park-maintained towards York County and SC 161. SC 216 passes through a", "id": "21201795" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 215\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 215 (SC 215) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route to Union from either Columbia or Spartanburg. SC 215 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Columbia to Spartanburg; connecting Jenkinsville, Carlisle, Union, and Roebuck. It was established in 1928 as a renumbering of SC 121 and SC 161. It originally traveled from U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Aiken, northeast through Wagener, Pelion, Edmund, and", "id": "21764584" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 557\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 557 (SC 557) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector route between Clover and Lake Wylie. SC 557 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 55 near Clover to SC 49/SC 274 in Lake Wylie. The highway provides travelers a more direct route to and from Charlotte. Though it runs physically west-to-east, it is signed as a north-south highway with its western end as its southern terminus and", "id": "18047294" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is entirely in the boundaries of Union County and serves to connect the city of Monroe to the city of Pageland, South Carolina, at the South Carolina state line via SC 207. From the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, NC 207 is a two-lane rural highway traversing north through rolling hills of farmland. Once it enters Monroe city limits, it becomes Haynes Street, where it connects several", "id": "19757200" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nLancaster on a more southern route, avoiding the Tradesville area; The old alignment was briefly downgraded to secondary before being renumbered as SC 906. In 1933, SC 9 was realigned on a straight path from Loris to Little River; most of the old route was downgraded to secondary, with exception to Wampee and eastward becoming SC 90. In 1936, SC 9 was extended north through Spartanburg and Boiling Springs to its current northern terminus at the North Carolina state line; replacing SC 177. In 1940, SC 9 was extended", "id": "5557114" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 5\n\n\nroute from both US 521 and I-85 to both York and Rock Hill. Established as an original state highway, SC 5 originally traveled from SC 9 in Fort Lawn, through Rock Hill and York, to SC 8 in Blacksburg. In 1929 or 1930, SC 5 was extended south along new primary routing to SC 22 in Great Falls. In 1938, SC 5 was extended on both directions, connecting north to SC 18 and south to US 21 in Ridgeway. In 1939, SC 5 reached its longest length with its", "id": "22182862" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\ncounty, crosses over part of Lake Wateree, and enters Liberty Hill. There, it has an intersection with the western terminus of SC 522 (Stoneboro Road). A short distance later, it enters Lancaster County. It continues traveling through rural areas until it intersects SC 200 (Great Falls Highway). The two highways travel concurrently to the west. Almost immediately, they cross over the Catawba River on the Tom G. Mangum Bridge, where they enter Chester County. This bridge is just south of the Fishing Creek Dam", "id": "15954610" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 248\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 248 (SC 248) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Ninety Six National Historic Site. SC 248 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Epworth at U.S. Route 178 (US 178) to Ninety Six at SC 34/SC 246. Established in 1940, it is the second SC 248 and has remained unchanged since inception. The first SC 248 was established by 1930 as a renumbering of SC 151 from US 29", "id": "21840646" }, { "contents": "Ridgeway, South Carolina\n\n\n). U.S. Route 21 passes through the towns, leading north to Great Falls and south to Columbia. South Carolina Highway 34 leads west to Interstate 77 and east to Lugoff. Winnsboro, the county seat, is to the northwest via SC 34. According to the United States Census Bureau, Ridgeway has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 328 people, 138 households, and 96 families residing in the town. The population density was 692.7 people per square mile", "id": "9585082" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects rural areas of Lincoln and Gaston counties to Gastonia. NC 274 was established in 1930 as a new primary routing, from NC 27 to U.S. Route 74 (US 74) and NC 20 (now NC 161) in Bessemer City. Around 1938, it was extended southeast to its current southern terminus at the South Carolina state line, where it continues as South Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274).", "id": "18047645" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 39\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 39 (SC 39) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects various rural communities and towns from the southwest to the northwest sections of the state. SC 39 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from the Savannah River Site to U.S. Route 221 (US 221) south of Laurens. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, traveling from SC 12, in Monetta, to SC 21, in Edgefield. In 1923, SC 39 was extended in", "id": "22043911" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 909\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 909 (SC 909) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities of northern Chester County. SC 909 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in Lowrys to SC 9 near Richburg. The route zig-zags in northern Chester County connecting small communities, and provides access to the Chester Catawba Regional Airport. Established in 1940 as a new primary routing, it originally traversed from SC 9 to US 21 in Lewis", "id": "12654301" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nwhich later became a secondary road by 1948. The current SC 79 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of part of SC 38, from Bennettsville to the North Carolina state line. Between 1967 and 1970, SC 79 was rerouted and replaced SC 383 to SC 9; the old alignment became SC 385. South Carolina Highway 383 (SC 383) was established by 1937 as new primary routing from SC 9 near Bennettsville to SC 79 near Gibson, North Carolina. It was renumbered as part of SC 79 by 1970.", "id": "21700755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 213\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 213 (SC 213) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through mostly rural areas of Newberry and Fairfield counties. It also connects Jenkinsville and the Winnsboro area. SC 213 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 176 (US 176) southeast of Pomaria within Newberry County, where the roadway continues as Parr Road. It travels to the east and crosses over Crims Creek. A short distance later, the highway crosses over the Broad River, Hampton Island and some railroad", "id": "16629962" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 145 (SC 145) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 145 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from U.S. Route 1 (US 1) near McBee, through the county seat of Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It also passes through forest and wildlife refuge areas. The entire route has been officially named the Carolinas Sandhills Parkway by the State of South Carolina. The first", "id": "21845728" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 200 (NC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south from the South Carolina state line near the community of JAARS, to US 601 near Concord. NC 200 traverses , starting at the South Carolina state line, through the city of Monroe, and the towns of Stanfield and Locust, before ending at US 601 near Concord. For its length, it is a two-lane rural highway except in Monroe where it is a four-", "id": "799955" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 151\n\n\n29 (US 29)/SC 15 in Anderson, to SC 20 in Williamston. By 1930, it was renumbered as SC 248. The current SC 151 was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 35 from Darlington to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 151 truncated at SC 9 in Pageland, its route north to the state line replaced by US 601. By 1958, SC 151 replaced SC 151 Alternate, bypassing Hartsville. In 1983, SC 151 was extended and bypassed east of Pageland, to its current", "id": "21952570" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 161 (SC 161) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill, York, and Kings Mountain, North Carolina. SC 161 is a multi-lane highway, traversing from U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and Interstate 77 (I-77), through the northern part of Rock Hill and north around York, to the back entrance area of Kings Mountain State Park and Kings Mountain National Military Park, and ends at the North Carolina state line", "id": "12487686" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 403\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 403 (SC 403) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Timmonsville and the surrounding rural area with the cities of Lake City and Hartsville. SC 403 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for beginning north of Lake City, along SC 341. Going through a northeasterly direction to Hobbs Crossroads, it then goes north to Sardis. Connecting with Interstate 95 (I-95) north of Sardis, it continues north connecting with U.S. Route 76 (US", "id": "22010317" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 212\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 212 (SC 212) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Williams by connecting it with nearby highways. SC 212 is a two-lane rural highway that connects the town of Williams between SC 64 and U.S. Route 21 (US 21). Within Williams, it intersects SC 362 at its eastern terminus. Established around 1938 as a new primary routing as a spur from US 21 to Williams. In 1940, it was extended south to its current", "id": "22114289" }, { "contents": "U.S. Route 521\n\n\nknown as Camden Highway. It passes under I-20 and proceeds to Camden. It then goes on to the town of Kershaw, running concurrent with US 601. The final city it goes through before going into North Carolina is Lancaster. US 521 traverses from the South Carolina state line to Interstate 485. The entire route is a four to six-lane divided highway, split in naming between Lancaster Highway and Johnston Road. Established in 1932, it was overlapped entirely with SC 26, from Georgetown to the North Carolina state line", "id": "21139357" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 83\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 83 (NC 83) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves to connect the towns of Maxton and Clio, South Carolina. NC 83 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line and goes north to end at NC 130 in Seven Bridges. The highway is flanked by both farmland and swamps. NC 83 was established in 1937 as a new primary routing from US 501 to the South Carolina state line, where it continues as SC", "id": "5127960" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 72\n\n\nas a renumbering of SC 7; it traversed from the Georgia state line, near Calhoun Falls, to US 21 in Chester. In 1950, it was extended northeast to US 21/SC 5 in Rock Hill, which replaced part of US 21. In 1951 or 1952, its routing was adjusted west of Greenwood replacing SC 702 and leaving Old Abbeville Highway (S-1-3 and S-24-1). In 1954, SC 72 was placed on bypass south and east around Chester; its old alignment became a business", "id": "7621861" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 198\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 198 (SC 198) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the town of Blacksburg at Interstate 85 (I-85) exit 102 and the northern terminus of SC 5 with the town of Earl, North Carolina by way of North Carolina Highway 198 (NC 198). Though it physically runs north and south, internal SCDOT data and the only signage of SC 198 at the I-85 / SC 5 intersection indicates that it runs east–west. A two-lane rural", "id": "18046947" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 246\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 246 (SC 246) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities and towns in eastern Greenwood County. SC 246 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Friendship to Hodges; connecting the town of Ninety Six and the communities of Coronaca and Cokesbury. The highway also provides access to Star Fort Pond, at Ninety Six National Historic Site, via Kinard Road (S-24-27). Established in 1930 as a replacement for part of SC 24", "id": "21868609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSC 145 appeared in 1941 or 1942 as a new primary route from SC 644 to US 15 north of Walterboro. In 1948, it was downgraded to secondary status, known today as McLeod Road. The current SC 145 was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 85; little has changed since. South Carolina Highway 85 (SC 85) was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 95, it traveled from US 1, near McBee, through Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It was renumbered to", "id": "21845729" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 157\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 157 (SC 157) is a state highway in the Sandhills region of South Carolina. Though it physically runs west to east, it is signed as a north-south road. Its southern terminus at its westernmost point at SC 341 in Kershaw, Lancaster County and its northern terminus (eastern end) at SC 346 about west of Catarrh in rural Kershaw County. SC 157 begins at an intersection with Marion Street and Minor Street in eastern Kershaw. From this point, SC 341 travels west on Marion Street", "id": "17035715" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 45\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 45 (SC 45) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as the main thoroughfare in northern Berkeley County. Established as an original state highway in 1922, it traversed from SC 41 in St. Stephen to SC 31 in St. Matthews. Around 1926, SC 45 was truncated west of St. Stephen along a new alignment of SC 41 (current U.S. Route 52 or US 52). By 1931, SC 45 was extended west on new primary routing to SC 24 in", "id": "22162620" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 781\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 781 (SC 781) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It is used as part of a bypass south of Aiken, between Augusta and Williston, in conjunction with U.S. Route 278 (US 278). SC 781 is a two-lane rural connector highway between US 278 and US 78. Established in 1940 as a new primary route, it traversed from SC 28 in Beech Island east to US 78 west of Williston. In 1953, SC 781 was truncated to its", "id": "15556341" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 49\n\n\nLake Wylie. Established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 163, it ran from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in York to the North Carolina state line in Lake Wylie. In 1956, SC 49 was extended southwest to its current southern terminus at US 221 in Watts Mills replacing SC 91 from York to Monarch, SC 92 from Monarch to Cross Anchor, and SC 30 from Cross Anchor to Watts Mills. In 1960 or 1961, SC 49 was rerouted from Lockhart to Mount Tabor. At an unknown date,", "id": "21332808" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 914\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 914 (SC 914) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Lancaster and Springdale, via Lancaster Mill. SC 914 begins at an intersection with SC 9 Business (SC 9 Bus.; West Meeting Street) on the Lancaster–Lancaster Mill line, within Lancaster County. It travels to the southeast and immediately enters Lancaster Mill proper and curves to the south-southeast. Just after Old Landsford Road, it crosses over some railroad tracks. One block later, at", "id": "18102740" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 211\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 211 (SC 211) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway serves the rural areas of southern Cherokee and western York counties. SC 211 is a two-lane rural highway. The highway begins at SC 150, north of Pacolet in Cherokee County, going easterly along Asbury Road to Asbury, where it connects with SC 18. Splitting from SC 18 onto Gowdeysville Road, it connects with SC 105 in Saratt. Solo again, when it splits from SC 105 with", "id": "14126145" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 20 (SC 20) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Abbeville, Belton, Williamston and Greenville. The highway is signed as a west-east highway though it physically runs south-to-north. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from the Georgia state line to SC 8 (Guess Street/Green Avenue) in Greenville; connecting McCormick, Abbeville, Due West, Honea Path, Belton, and Williamston.", "id": "19237178" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 555\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 555 (SC 555) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route from downtown Columbia to Blythewood. SC 555 traverses from SC 12 in downtown Columbia to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) near Blythewood. Before Interstate 77 (I-77) was completed in the area, SC 555 served as a major thoroughfare; today it is an alternate route. The highway is four lanes south of I-77 and two lanes north of it. The highway was established in", "id": "3546072" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nrenumbering of SC 12, it originally ran from US 521 to the North Carolina state line in Hancock. By 1964, SC 75 was extended to its current western terminus at SC 5 in Van Wyck, replacing part of SC 504. South Carolina Highway 75 Truck (Truck SC 75) is a truck route of SC 75 bypassing Van Wyck. When SC 75 merges off from US 521 near Van Wyck, Truck SC 75 begins and follows US 521 until an interchange with SC 5. Truck Route 75 then follows SC 5", "id": "20072881" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 37\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 37 (SC 37) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It provides a direct route between Barnwell and Springfield. SC 37 is a two-lane rural highway that travels between U.S. Route 278 (US 278) and SC 39, with a connection with US 78 in Elko. SC 37 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 1, in Barnwell, to SC 27, in Williston. In 1923, SC 37 was rerouted", "id": "16526209" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nRoute 176 (US 176)/SC 10 in Spartanburg to the North Carolina state line; it eventually became part of SC 9. The second appeared from 1938-1951 as a new primary routing from US 176 southeast of Pomaria to US 76/SC 2 near Ballentine. It was adjusted twice, in 1948 extending and replacing SC 664, and in 1950 shifting to meet with US 176/SC 121 split. It was eventually renumbered as an extension of US 176. South Carolina Highway 77 (SC 77) was established in 1937", "id": "21845186" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 97 (SC 97) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Camden, Great Falls, Chester, and Hickory Grove. SC 97 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 521 (US 521)/US 601 (Broad Street) in Camden within Kershaw County, northeast of the Camden Country Club. The highway travels to the northwest and meets US 521 Truck/US 601 Truck (Boykin Road) just before leaving the city limits of Camden. It travels through rural areas of the", "id": "15954609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 121\n\n\n, where US 21 continues north towards Fort Mill, while also connecting with SC 322. SC 121 had two previous stents in the state before its current routing was established. The first SC 121 was established in 1925 or 1926 as a new primary routing; it traversed from SC 27 in Aiken, northeast through Wagener and Pelion, to SC 2/SC 12 in Springdale. In 1928, it was renumbered as SC 215. The second SC 121 was established in 1929 or 1930 as new primary routing; it traversed from", "id": "4644891" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 901\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 901 (SC 901) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a slower alternate rural route to Interstate 77 (I-77) and the western bypass of Rock Hill. SC 901 begins along SC 200 near I-77. Going north, it hovers to the west and then east of I-77 and then passes through Richburg. After entering York County, it has its own interchange with I-77, then proceeds to form the western bypass of Rock Hill. It is a two-", "id": "16644755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\n27 around 1931, it traversed from SC 65 (current SC 61) in Givhans, to US 78 east of Ridgeville. In 1940, it was rerouted north from Ridgeville to US 78 and then spur up to the Berkeley County line. In 1941 or 1942, SC 27 was extended north into Berkeley County to SC 31 (current US 176). The first SC 27 was an original state highway; established in 1922, it traversed from SC 21 in Trenton, south to Aiken, then east through Williston, Blackville", "id": "22136169" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nAvenue (on state maps, it is officially SC 19 Connector); while SC 19 southbound travels along Laurens Street/Park Avenue onto Chesterfield Street. SC 19 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 2 in Newberry, north through Whitmire, Union, Spartanburg, Inman and Landrum, to the North Carolina state line continuing as NC 19. In 1923, it was extended south on new primary routing, through Saluda, to SC 21/SC 27 in Trenton. In 1927", "id": "16271415" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 179\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 179 (SC 179) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It travels from Little River to the North Carolina state line, near Calabash. One of the shortest state highways in the state, SC 179 starts at U.S. Route 17 (US 17) in Little River and travels to the North Carolina state line. The route continues on as NC 179, connecting the towns of Calabash, Sunset Beach, and Ocean Isle Beach. The entire route is two lanes wide with brief", "id": "6284330" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 47\n\n\nwas an original state highway (1922) that traversed from SC 40 in Green Sea, northwest through Nichols and Lake View, before entering North Carolina. By 1926 was renumbered to SC 94. SC 47 Truck in Elloree begins at Felderville Road (S-38-81) then onto Snider Street (S-38-1023); at Main Street, it goes back northwest, in concurrency with SC 6/SC 267, reuniting with SC 47 at its northern terminus. A Food Lion distribution center is located in the town, the", "id": "22136670" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 173\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 173 (SC 173) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with U.S. Route 78 (US 78). SC 173 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville northeast to US 78. The predominant features along the route are homes and forest. Established as the second SC 173 in 1940, it traversed from US 15 in Grover east to US 78 near Ridgeville; the section between Ridgeville and US 78 was", "id": "22136291" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 16\n\n\nit connected the cities and towns of Ridgeway, Winnsboro, Chester, York, and Clover. In 1927, US 21 was assigned between Columbia and Chester; the following year SC 16 was removed from that section. In 1931, the first SC 16 was decommissioned when US 321 was assigned on the remaining route. The second SC 16 appeared in 1939 as a new primary routing between SC 48 east to US 76 in Columbia. In 1940, it was extended north from US 76 to SC 12. In 1948, the", "id": "4796568" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 207 (SC 207) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It is entirely within the boundaries of Chesterfield County and serves to connect the city of Pageland, South Carolina to the city of Monroe, North Carolina via North Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207). Starting at the intersection of Elm Street and McGregor Street (U.S. Route 601 (US 601) and SC 9), it travels northwest for to the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 207 towards", "id": "5806442" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 81\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 81 (SC 81) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects rural areas of McCormick County with Greenville, via Calhoun Falls, Iva, Homeland Park, and Anderson. SC 81 begins at an intersection with SC 28 east-southeast of Lethia within McCormick County. This intersection is within Sumter National Forest and just north of SC 28's crossing of Long Cane Creek. It travels to the northwest and curves to the west-southwest and travels through Lethia. It then", "id": "18281932" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 905\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 905 (NC 905) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves as part of an alternate route between Whiteville and Conway, South Carolina, through southeastern Columbus County. NC 905 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina line and South Carolina Highway 905 (SC 905) in Olyphic. Traveling north, it connects with NC 904 in Pireway. After its concurrency with NC 904, it continues solo for , connecting the communities of Bug Hill and", "id": "14981023" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nCarolina state line, near Earl. South Carolina reciprocate in 1930 with the establishment of SC 111 from the state line to Gaffney, which was later renumbered SC 18 in 1937. In 1929, NC 18 was extended north, replacing NC 67, through Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro, to US 21/NC 26 in Sparta. Also in 1929, NC 18 was rerouted south of Morganton going through the Sunnyside community and leaving behind Enola and Enola Road (SR 1922). In 1930, NC 18 was extended northeast along new", "id": "12715101" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 165\n\n\nit curves to the northwest to meet its northern terminus, and intersection with US 17 Alternate (N. Main Street) and Berkeley Circle. Established in 1939 as a new primary highway, SC 165 originally traversed from its current southern terminus to US 17 in Ravenel. This section has remained relatively unchanged; with an exception in Hollywood, where it was realigned in the 1980s, removing a concurrency with SC 162 and leaving Town Council Road. Around 1952, SC 165 was extended north on mostly new construction to Cooks Crossroads, where", "id": "6640073" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 19 (SC 19) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Aiken directly with the Savannah River Site and Edgefield via U.S. Route 25 (US 25). SC 19 operates as arterial four-lane highway from Aiken to the Savannah River Site; to its north, it is a two-lane rural highway to Trenton, where it connects with US 25 and SC 121. In Aiken's downtown area, SC 19 is signed, northbound along Chesterfield Street and Richland", "id": "16271414" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nover SC 200, and quickly SC 9 Business is out of downtown on E. Arch St. A half mile after crossing over SC 200, SC 9 Business ends at SC 9 Bypass. Other than Spartanburg, the City of Lancaster is the largest urban area SC 9 runs through before reaching the North Myrtle Beach area. Like all the numbered highways in Chester, SC 9 Business goes straight through downtown, and the bypass route makes a half-moon path around Chester. SC 9 Business shares a brief concurrency with US 321 Business", "id": "5557121" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\n), replacing US 29 Business (US 29 Bus.). In 2000, SC 20 was extended to its current northern terminus at Falls Park Drive (formerly Camperdown Way) just shy of US 123, replacing part of US 25 Bus. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn.) is a connector route, in concurrency with SC 28 Conn. It connects SC 20 with SC 28, north of Abbeville. The route is unsigned its entire length. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn) is a", "id": "19237181" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Its entire length runs through Union County and serves as the primary connector between the towns of Waxhaw, Mineral Springs, and Monroe. The route roughly parallels a CSX railroad line for its entire span. NC 75 starts at the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, near Hancock, South Carolina. In South Carolina, it continues as SC 75 for to SC 5, in Van Wyck. Heading east from the", "id": "5127428" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 137\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 137 (SC 137) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Norris with rural areas of Pickens, via Six Mile. SC 135 begins at an intersection with SC 93 (Norris Drive) in Norris, within Pickens County, where the roadway continues as East Jamison Street. It travels to the northwest and crosses over Twelve Mile Creek just north of Cateechee. In Six Mile, the highway intersects SC 133 (South Main Street). The two highways travel concurrently until", "id": "16201660" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 59\n\n\n24. The road heads on its northeast trajectory until it meets its northern terminus, an intersection with U.S. Route 76 (US 76), US 123, SC 28 in Seneca. Established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 181 and part of SC 182, SC 59 traversed from the Georgia state line to Fair Play, then north to Seneca ending at US 76/SC 13/SC 28. By 1963, SC 59 was truncated at I-85 due to Lake Hartwell submerging the route to Georgia. The portion south of", "id": "4730382" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects the city of Wadesboro with the towns of Oakboro and Chesterfield, South Carolina. NC 742 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, where continuing south on South Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) would lead to Chesterfield. In Wadesboro, it first runs concurrent with NC 109 before going through the downtown area. At the intersection of Caswell and Greene Streets,", "id": "4827585" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 68\n\n\n-lane configuration about north of the I-95 junction. Passing underneath I-95, SC 68 returns to a two-lane configuration as it enters Yemassee before terminating at an intersection with US 17 Alternate and US 21. Established in 1967 as a renumbering of SC 28, it has remained unchanged since. Prior to the current routing, SC 68 had two previous incarnations: In 1937-38 from Clio to the North Carolina state line (renumbered as SC 83), and in 1938-47 as a short highway spur from US", "id": "6817262" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the South Carolina state line to NC 274 near the unincorporated community of Tryon. NC 216 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, from Kings Mountain National Military Park; the road continues south towards the park as South Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216). Going north, it crosses over Interstate 85 then has a short overlap with", "id": "21201754" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 51\n\n\nroad that starts at US 21 near Fort Mill and ends at the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 51 through Pineville. The route is entirely two-lane, expanding to four lanes at the state line. Established as a new primary routing in 1926; the original routing ran from SC 40 (today as US 701) along Choppee Road (today as S-22-4) and Hemingway Highway (today as SC 261) to Hemingway then onto Florence, ending at SC 41 (today as US", "id": "9677788" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 18 (NC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Traveling north–south through the Foothills region, it connects the cities of Shelby, Morganton, Lenoir, Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro. NC 18 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that travels in western North Carolina. Starting as a continuation of SC 18, at the South Carolina state line near Earl, NC 18 travels north into Shelby, where it overlaps with NC 150 and crosses US 74/NC 226", "id": "12715094" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 93\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 93 (abbreviated S.C. Highway 93 or SC 93) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It runs from U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and SC 28 in Clemson northeast to US 123 in Easley. The highway begins at an interchange with the US 76/SC 28 concurrency and Old Greenville Highway east of downtown Clemson. West of this point, Old Greenville Highway passes through downtown Clemson and the campus of Clemson University and is signed as SC 93 though it is not officially", "id": "22146588" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 27 (SC 27) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with nearby highways. SC 27 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville south to the unincorporated community of Givhans to its south and highways U.S. Route 78 (US 78), Interstate 26 (I-26), and US 176 to its north. The predominant features along the route is farmland mixed with forest and swamps. Established as the second SC", "id": "22136168" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 48\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 48 (SC 48) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves southern Richland County and access to the Congaree National Park. SC 48 begins in downtown Columbia along Assembly Street. It traverses west, passing alongside the South Carolina State House and the University of South Carolina, before turning onto Rosewood Drive and then onto Bluff Road. After leaving the Columbia city limits, it continues through southeastern Richland County as a two-lane rural highway to U.S. Route 601 (US 601", "id": "12287717" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 310\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 310 (SC 310) is an long state highway in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a south-north orientation from Holly Hill north to Vance, and then northwest to its northern terminus, completely within Orangeburg County. SC 310 begins at an intersection with US 176 in Holly Hill. The route heads north to an intersection with SC 45, north of the city. The road continues north into the city of Vance, where it intersects SC 210. After", "id": "4731054" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 57\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 57 (SC 57) is a state highway in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a southeast-northwest orientation from the unincorporated community of Fork northwest through Dillon to Little Rock and then curves northeasterly to the North Carolina state line, north of Little Rock, all completely within Dillon County. SC 57 begins at an intersection with SC 41 and SC 41 Alternate in Fork. The route heads northeast through the town of Floydale until it enters Dillon. In town,", "id": "4796454" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nthe beachfront. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from SC 23 in Dillon, west to SC 10, in Enoree. By 1926, SC 9 was extended east to Lake View, then replacing SC 47 to Green Sea, then southeast on new primary routing to Little River. On its northern end, SC 9 rerouted from Kelly to SC 19, near Spartanburg, replacing SC 92. The route from Kelly to Enoree was renumbered SC 92. In 1927, SC 9 was rerouted between Pageland to", "id": "5557113" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 38\n\n\nconnected with the newly renumbered SC 38. NC 38 has not changed since. North Carolina Highway 771 (NC 771) first appeared as a new primary routing in 1930, traveling from US 311/NC 77, east of Winston-Salem, to US 421/NC 60, in Kernersville. In 1936, NC 771 was replaced by an extension of NC 150. The second NC 771 was established as new primary routing in 1936, from Hamlet to the South Carolina state line, where it continued as SC 96.", "id": "20812160" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\n72 via Central Avenue, Park Street and Glenn Street. SC 66 was established in 1934 as a new primary routing, traversing from SC 56 to US 76/SC 2 in Goldville (now Joanna). In 1941 or 1942, a second SC 66 was created, from SC 706 in Eisons Crossroads to the Newberry-Laurens county line. In 1948, the two sections of SC 66 were connected, and was also extended east into Whitmire replacing part of SC 706. South Carolina Highway 706 (SC 706) was", "id": "15134091" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 513\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 513 (SC 513) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through rural areas of Georgetown County. SC 513 begins at an intersection with SC 41/SC 51 (County Line Road) south-southwest of Hopewell, on the Williamsburg–Georgetown county line. It travels to the north-northeast, on the county line, and nearly immediately intersects the eastern terminus of SC 512 (Henry Road). The highway turns right onto Pleasant Hill Drive and travels to", "id": "17729308" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 66 (SC 66) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the community of Joanna with nearby SC 56 and the town of Whitmire. SC 66 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from SC 56 to SC 72 in Whitmire. It connects to U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and Interstate 26 (I-26). Predominantly in the Sumter National Forest, it meanders through forest lands; in Whitmire, it takes a couple of turns before reaching SC", "id": "15134090" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 60\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 60 (SC 60) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Irmo, connecting nearby Lake Murray and Harbison State Forest. SC 60 is a mostly four-lane with median suburban highway that travels from SC 6 to U.S. Route 176 (US 176), with an interchange with Interstate 26 (I-26)/US 76. SC 60 was established in 1929 as a new primary routing. The route has remained unchanged since inception, though its eastern endpoint was originally US", "id": "22092019" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 64\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 64 (SC 64) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the cities of Barnwell and Walterboro while also providing a direct route to Charleston, via U.S. Route 17 (US 17). SC 64 was established around 1926 as a new primary routing from SC 28 near Ellenton, to SC 6/SC 301 near Ruffin. In 1928, SC 64 was extended east to US 17 in Walterboro, replacing part of SC 6. Around 1930, SC 64 was extended", "id": "22114149" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\n, US 176 was assigned to SC 19 from Newberry to the North Carolina state line; the following year it was removed from the overlap. Also in 1928, SC 19 was extended south, replacing part of SC 27 to US 1/US 78 in Aiken. In 1929 or 1930, SC 19 was extended south (again) to SC 28 north of Ellenton. Around 1952, the Savannah River Site was established; which removed of highway in what is now a restricted area. By 1955, SC 19 was widened", "id": "16271416" } ]

[ { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 200 (SC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Winnsboro, Great Falls, and Lancaster. SC 200 is mostly a rural two-lane highway, traversing northwest from Winnsboro, through Great Falls and Lancaster, to the North Carolina state line. Established in 1937 as a renumbering part of SC 93 to match NC 200; it originally traversed from US 521 to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 200 was extended to its", "id": "18356164" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 903\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 903 (SC 903) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Lancaster to Darlington, Florence, and the Grand Strand. SC 903 is a two-lane rural highway, from Catarrh to Lancaster. Control cities listed southbound include Myrtle Beach. Established either in 1929 or 1930 as a new primary routing, it traversed from SC 35 in Catarrh to SC 9 in Midway. In 1949, SC 903 was extended north to its current northern terminus in Lancaster, replacing an", "id": "22013136" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 99\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 99 (SC 99) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Great Falls with rural areas of Chester County. SC 99 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and SC 200 (Pendergrass Boulevard) in Great Falls within Chester County. It travels to the northwest. On the edge of the city limits of the town is an intersection with SC 97 (Francis Avenue). They have a very brief concurrency. SC 99 travels in a north", "id": "16138937" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Chesterfield with Wadesboro, North Carolina. SC 742 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 145, near Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. The road continues into North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) towards Wadesboro. It was established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 850 and to match NC 742, little has changed since. SC 850 was established in", "id": "21845915" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nlane road from Charlotte Avenue to US 74 and a six-lane divided highway on its concurrency with US 74 and US 601. Established in 1930, it traveled from Monroe at US 74/NC 20/NC 25/NC 151 south to the South Carolina state line where it changed into SC 93 (renumbered to SC 200 in 1937). Between 1931-36, NC 200 was realigned north of Old Highway Road near Jackson. In 1936, the highway was extended north via Franklin Street, Church Street, Winchester", "id": "799956" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\n. The first SC 161 appeared in 1923 as a new primary routing from SC 16 in Eau Claire to SC 22. It was extended northwest by 1926 to SC 7 in Leeds. In 1928, the entire route was renumbered as part of SC 215. The current SC 161 was established in 1930 as a new primary route, it originally traversed from SC 16 (today US 321) to the North Carolina state line, continuing as North Carolina Highway 215 (renumbered in 1937 to NC 161). In 1959, SC", "id": "12487687" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 109\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 109 (SC 109) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 109 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from SC 145 through Ruby and Mount Croghan, to the North Carolina state line. SC 109 was established in either 1937 or 1938 as a new primary route from SC 9 in Mount Croghan to the North Carolina state line. In 1939, it was extended south to SC 85. In", "id": "21845959" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 177 (SC 177) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the community of Wallace with Hamlet, North Carolina. SC 177 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from Wallace at SC 9 to the North Carolina state line. The highway was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 77, little has changed since. Two predecessors existed before the current SC 177 came to existence. The first appeared from 1930-1936 as a new primary routing from U.S.", "id": "21845185" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 79 (SC 79) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects communities in western Marlboro County. SC 79 is a two-lane rural highway, traversing from SC 9 to the North Carolina state line where the road continues in Gibson, North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 79. Originally established in 1937 as a new primary route, it connected U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Denmark, to Voorhees College. In 1938, it was replaced by SC 68,", "id": "21700754" }, { "contents": "Winnsboro, South Carolina\n\n\nand south to Columbia. SC 34 leads southeast to Ridgeway and west to Newberry. SC 200 leads northeast to Great Falls. The unincorporated community of Winnsboro Mills borders the south side of Winnsboro. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Winnsboro has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,564 people, 1,454 households, and 984 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,109.6 people per square mile (428.9/km²). There were 1,597 housing", "id": "9585095" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 34\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 34 (SC 34) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As one of the longer state highways, it traverses the state east-west from Greenwood to Dillon, connecting the cities of Newberry, Winnsboro, Camden, Bishopville and Darlington. SC 34 begins as a hidden highway in downtown Greenwood, at the intersection of Main Street and Maxwell Avenue. On city and state official maps, SC 34 is on an east parallel to U.S. Route 25 Business (US 25 Bus.", "id": "13565724" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 385\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 385 (SC 385) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Bennettsville with northern Marlboro County. SC 385 is a two-lane (mostly) rural highway, traverses from Bennettsville north to SC 79, near the North Carolina state line. The first SC 385 appeared around 1941-42 as a new primary route from SC 341 to U.S. Route 15 (US 15)/SC 34. In 1948, it was downgraded to a secondary road. The current SC", "id": "21700661" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill and Gastonia, North Carolina. Though it generally runs in a north-south fashion, it is signed west-east. SC 274 is mostly a four-lane suburban highway that traverses , from the North Carolina state line, where the road continues north as North Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274), to downtown Rock Hill at SC 322. Established in 1937 as a", "id": "18047413" }, { "contents": "Interstate 77 in South Carolina\n\n\nthe town of Ridgeway and passes under the NS R-Line. The freeway passes to the east of Winnsboro, which is accessed via SC 34 or the next interchange with Road 41. I-77 has junction with Road 20 and SC 200 near Mitford before entering Chester County. The freeway has an interchange with SC 97 (Great Falls Road), which connects the county seat of Chester to the west with the town of Great Falls to the east. Great Falls is where the Piedmont-based Catawba River reaches the Fall Line", "id": "7110295" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 522\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 522 (SC 522) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect communities in central Lancaster County. SC 522 is a two-lane rural highway, from Liberty Hill to the North Carolina state line, near Sapps Crossroads. It is similar to a Farm-to-market road that it provides no real destination for travelers, but does provides access to farmland in central Lancaster County. Originally established in either 1937 or 1938, it was a new primary route", "id": "22034481" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 381 (SC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the towns in eastern Marlboro County. SC 381 traverses from Blenheim at SC 38 to the North Carolina state line where it continues as North Carolina Highway 381 into Gibson, North Carolina. As a two-lane rural highway, it connects the towns of Clio and McColl. The highway was established in 1930 as a new primary route from SC 38 in Blenheim to SC 9 in Clio. In 1931 or", "id": "21652315" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 381 (NC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Hamlet and Gibson. NC 381 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from the South Carolina state line in Gibson to U.S. Route 74 Business near Hamlet. The highway is flanked with farms and has little traffic. Established in 1940 as a renumbering of NC 78 when the route was extended to the South Carolina state line, connecting with SC 381; remained unchanged since inception.", "id": "8146479" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 75 (SC 75) is an state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The road is a mainly rural road. Its eastern terminus at the North Carolina state line at North Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75). SC 75 is a road for most of its existence, as it is here. After running for two miles (3 km) through the tip of Lancaster County, SC 75 overlaps U.S. Route 521 (US 521), running south. From Hancock, the road continues on", "id": "20072879" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 702\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 702 (SC 702) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Greenwood State Park. SC 702 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from SC 246 between Ninety Six and Coronaca, to SC 39 north of Saluda. The current routing of SC 702 was created by 1952 and has remained unchanged since. It was originally established in 1940 as a loop off SC 7 west of Greenwood. By 1942, SC 702 was extended east", "id": "21868670" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 21\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 21 (NC 21) was a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. At its height, it traversed from the South Carolina state line to Raleigh, connecting the cities of Fayetteville, and Lillington. Established as an original state highway, it traversed from the South Carolina state line (continuing as SC 47 to Lake View) north through Lumberton, Fayetteville, and Lillington before ending at NC 10, in Raleigh. In 1925, NC 21 was rerouted south of Fayetteville, replacing NC 22", "id": "18985691" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 265\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 265 (SC 265) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Jefferson with the cities of Kershaw and Chesterfield. SC 265 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 601 (US 601) north of Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. The highway was established in 1928 as a new primary routing from SC 26 in Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. In 1940, it was extended southwest to SC 97 in Liberty Hill. In 1948", "id": "21903505" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 55\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 55 (SC 55) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Clover to Blacksburg, Rock Hill, and Charlotte, North Carolina. SC 55 is a rural two-lane highway, with a median in and around Clover; between Clover and Lake Wylie, it is also paralleled by a major transmission line. It traverses from SC 5 near Kings Creek, to SC 49/SC 274 near Lake Wylie. Travelers to and from Charlotte would connect through", "id": "12594781" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 18 (SC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the cities of Union, Gaffney and Shelby, North Carolina. SC 18 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Fredrick Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 18 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of SC 111, from U.S. Route 29 (US 29) in Gaffney, to the North Carolina state line.", "id": "14222860" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 150\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 150 (SC 150) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Pacolet and Gaffney with the more rural areas of Spartanburg and Cherokee counties. SC 150 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Limestone Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 150 was established in 1940 as a renumbering of part of SC 103, from SC 18 in Gaffney to the North Carolina state line. In 1960-", "id": "14125945" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 223\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 223 (SC 223) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector between Richburg and Landsford Canal State Park. SC 223 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 9 and SC 901 outside of Richburg to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) in the community of Landsford and Landsford Canal State Park. The first SC 223 appeared from 1939-1940 as a spur off SC 22, renumbered as an extension of SC 901. The current SC", "id": "12079569" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the Kings Mountain National Military Park to North Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) at the North Carolina state line. SC 216 is a short two-lane rural highway in the northeast corner of Cherokee County. At its southern terminus at the Kings Mountain National Military Park entrance, the road continues east park-maintained towards York County and SC 161. SC 216 passes through a", "id": "21201795" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 215\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 215 (SC 215) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route to Union from either Columbia or Spartanburg. SC 215 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Columbia to Spartanburg; connecting Jenkinsville, Carlisle, Union, and Roebuck. It was established in 1928 as a renumbering of SC 121 and SC 161. It originally traveled from U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Aiken, northeast through Wagener, Pelion, Edmund, and", "id": "21764584" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 557\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 557 (SC 557) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector route between Clover and Lake Wylie. SC 557 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 55 near Clover to SC 49/SC 274 in Lake Wylie. The highway provides travelers a more direct route to and from Charlotte. Though it runs physically west-to-east, it is signed as a north-south highway with its western end as its southern terminus and", "id": "18047294" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is entirely in the boundaries of Union County and serves to connect the city of Monroe to the city of Pageland, South Carolina, at the South Carolina state line via SC 207. From the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, NC 207 is a two-lane rural highway traversing north through rolling hills of farmland. Once it enters Monroe city limits, it becomes Haynes Street, where it connects several", "id": "19757200" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nLancaster on a more southern route, avoiding the Tradesville area; The old alignment was briefly downgraded to secondary before being renumbered as SC 906. In 1933, SC 9 was realigned on a straight path from Loris to Little River; most of the old route was downgraded to secondary, with exception to Wampee and eastward becoming SC 90. In 1936, SC 9 was extended north through Spartanburg and Boiling Springs to its current northern terminus at the North Carolina state line; replacing SC 177. In 1940, SC 9 was extended", "id": "5557114" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 5\n\n\nroute from both US 521 and I-85 to both York and Rock Hill. Established as an original state highway, SC 5 originally traveled from SC 9 in Fort Lawn, through Rock Hill and York, to SC 8 in Blacksburg. In 1929 or 1930, SC 5 was extended south along new primary routing to SC 22 in Great Falls. In 1938, SC 5 was extended on both directions, connecting north to SC 18 and south to US 21 in Ridgeway. In 1939, SC 5 reached its longest length with its", "id": "22182862" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\ncounty, crosses over part of Lake Wateree, and enters Liberty Hill. There, it has an intersection with the western terminus of SC 522 (Stoneboro Road). A short distance later, it enters Lancaster County. It continues traveling through rural areas until it intersects SC 200 (Great Falls Highway). The two highways travel concurrently to the west. Almost immediately, they cross over the Catawba River on the Tom G. Mangum Bridge, where they enter Chester County. This bridge is just south of the Fishing Creek Dam", "id": "15954610" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 248\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 248 (SC 248) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Ninety Six National Historic Site. SC 248 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Epworth at U.S. Route 178 (US 178) to Ninety Six at SC 34/SC 246. Established in 1940, it is the second SC 248 and has remained unchanged since inception. The first SC 248 was established by 1930 as a renumbering of SC 151 from US 29", "id": "21840646" }, { "contents": "Ridgeway, South Carolina\n\n\n). U.S. Route 21 passes through the towns, leading north to Great Falls and south to Columbia. South Carolina Highway 34 leads west to Interstate 77 and east to Lugoff. Winnsboro, the county seat, is to the northwest via SC 34. According to the United States Census Bureau, Ridgeway has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 328 people, 138 households, and 96 families residing in the town. The population density was 692.7 people per square mile", "id": "9585082" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects rural areas of Lincoln and Gaston counties to Gastonia. NC 274 was established in 1930 as a new primary routing, from NC 27 to U.S. Route 74 (US 74) and NC 20 (now NC 161) in Bessemer City. Around 1938, it was extended southeast to its current southern terminus at the South Carolina state line, where it continues as South Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274).", "id": "18047645" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 39\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 39 (SC 39) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects various rural communities and towns from the southwest to the northwest sections of the state. SC 39 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from the Savannah River Site to U.S. Route 221 (US 221) south of Laurens. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, traveling from SC 12, in Monetta, to SC 21, in Edgefield. In 1923, SC 39 was extended in", "id": "22043911" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 909\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 909 (SC 909) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities of northern Chester County. SC 909 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in Lowrys to SC 9 near Richburg. The route zig-zags in northern Chester County connecting small communities, and provides access to the Chester Catawba Regional Airport. Established in 1940 as a new primary routing, it originally traversed from SC 9 to US 21 in Lewis", "id": "12654301" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nwhich later became a secondary road by 1948. The current SC 79 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of part of SC 38, from Bennettsville to the North Carolina state line. Between 1967 and 1970, SC 79 was rerouted and replaced SC 383 to SC 9; the old alignment became SC 385. South Carolina Highway 383 (SC 383) was established by 1937 as new primary routing from SC 9 near Bennettsville to SC 79 near Gibson, North Carolina. It was renumbered as part of SC 79 by 1970.", "id": "21700755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 213\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 213 (SC 213) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through mostly rural areas of Newberry and Fairfield counties. It also connects Jenkinsville and the Winnsboro area. SC 213 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 176 (US 176) southeast of Pomaria within Newberry County, where the roadway continues as Parr Road. It travels to the east and crosses over Crims Creek. A short distance later, the highway crosses over the Broad River, Hampton Island and some railroad", "id": "16629962" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 145 (SC 145) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 145 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from U.S. Route 1 (US 1) near McBee, through the county seat of Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It also passes through forest and wildlife refuge areas. The entire route has been officially named the Carolinas Sandhills Parkway by the State of South Carolina. The first", "id": "21845728" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 200 (NC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south from the South Carolina state line near the community of JAARS, to US 601 near Concord. NC 200 traverses , starting at the South Carolina state line, through the city of Monroe, and the towns of Stanfield and Locust, before ending at US 601 near Concord. For its length, it is a two-lane rural highway except in Monroe where it is a four-", "id": "799955" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 151\n\n\n29 (US 29)/SC 15 in Anderson, to SC 20 in Williamston. By 1930, it was renumbered as SC 248. The current SC 151 was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 35 from Darlington to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 151 truncated at SC 9 in Pageland, its route north to the state line replaced by US 601. By 1958, SC 151 replaced SC 151 Alternate, bypassing Hartsville. In 1983, SC 151 was extended and bypassed east of Pageland, to its current", "id": "21952570" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 161 (SC 161) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill, York, and Kings Mountain, North Carolina. SC 161 is a multi-lane highway, traversing from U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and Interstate 77 (I-77), through the northern part of Rock Hill and north around York, to the back entrance area of Kings Mountain State Park and Kings Mountain National Military Park, and ends at the North Carolina state line", "id": "12487686" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 403\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 403 (SC 403) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Timmonsville and the surrounding rural area with the cities of Lake City and Hartsville. SC 403 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for beginning north of Lake City, along SC 341. Going through a northeasterly direction to Hobbs Crossroads, it then goes north to Sardis. Connecting with Interstate 95 (I-95) north of Sardis, it continues north connecting with U.S. Route 76 (US", "id": "22010317" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 212\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 212 (SC 212) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Williams by connecting it with nearby highways. SC 212 is a two-lane rural highway that connects the town of Williams between SC 64 and U.S. Route 21 (US 21). Within Williams, it intersects SC 362 at its eastern terminus. Established around 1938 as a new primary routing as a spur from US 21 to Williams. In 1940, it was extended south to its current", "id": "22114289" }, { "contents": "U.S. Route 521\n\n\nknown as Camden Highway. It passes under I-20 and proceeds to Camden. It then goes on to the town of Kershaw, running concurrent with US 601. The final city it goes through before going into North Carolina is Lancaster. US 521 traverses from the South Carolina state line to Interstate 485. The entire route is a four to six-lane divided highway, split in naming between Lancaster Highway and Johnston Road. Established in 1932, it was overlapped entirely with SC 26, from Georgetown to the North Carolina state line", "id": "21139357" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 83\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 83 (NC 83) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves to connect the towns of Maxton and Clio, South Carolina. NC 83 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line and goes north to end at NC 130 in Seven Bridges. The highway is flanked by both farmland and swamps. NC 83 was established in 1937 as a new primary routing from US 501 to the South Carolina state line, where it continues as SC", "id": "5127960" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 72\n\n\nas a renumbering of SC 7; it traversed from the Georgia state line, near Calhoun Falls, to US 21 in Chester. In 1950, it was extended northeast to US 21/SC 5 in Rock Hill, which replaced part of US 21. In 1951 or 1952, its routing was adjusted west of Greenwood replacing SC 702 and leaving Old Abbeville Highway (S-1-3 and S-24-1). In 1954, SC 72 was placed on bypass south and east around Chester; its old alignment became a business", "id": "7621861" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 198\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 198 (SC 198) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the town of Blacksburg at Interstate 85 (I-85) exit 102 and the northern terminus of SC 5 with the town of Earl, North Carolina by way of North Carolina Highway 198 (NC 198). Though it physically runs north and south, internal SCDOT data and the only signage of SC 198 at the I-85 / SC 5 intersection indicates that it runs east–west. A two-lane rural", "id": "18046947" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 246\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 246 (SC 246) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities and towns in eastern Greenwood County. SC 246 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Friendship to Hodges; connecting the town of Ninety Six and the communities of Coronaca and Cokesbury. The highway also provides access to Star Fort Pond, at Ninety Six National Historic Site, via Kinard Road (S-24-27). Established in 1930 as a replacement for part of SC 24", "id": "21868609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSC 145 appeared in 1941 or 1942 as a new primary route from SC 644 to US 15 north of Walterboro. In 1948, it was downgraded to secondary status, known today as McLeod Road. The current SC 145 was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 85; little has changed since. South Carolina Highway 85 (SC 85) was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 95, it traveled from US 1, near McBee, through Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It was renumbered to", "id": "21845729" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 157\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 157 (SC 157) is a state highway in the Sandhills region of South Carolina. Though it physically runs west to east, it is signed as a north-south road. Its southern terminus at its westernmost point at SC 341 in Kershaw, Lancaster County and its northern terminus (eastern end) at SC 346 about west of Catarrh in rural Kershaw County. SC 157 begins at an intersection with Marion Street and Minor Street in eastern Kershaw. From this point, SC 341 travels west on Marion Street", "id": "17035715" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 45\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 45 (SC 45) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as the main thoroughfare in northern Berkeley County. Established as an original state highway in 1922, it traversed from SC 41 in St. Stephen to SC 31 in St. Matthews. Around 1926, SC 45 was truncated west of St. Stephen along a new alignment of SC 41 (current U.S. Route 52 or US 52). By 1931, SC 45 was extended west on new primary routing to SC 24 in", "id": "22162620" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 781\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 781 (SC 781) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It is used as part of a bypass south of Aiken, between Augusta and Williston, in conjunction with U.S. Route 278 (US 278). SC 781 is a two-lane rural connector highway between US 278 and US 78. Established in 1940 as a new primary route, it traversed from SC 28 in Beech Island east to US 78 west of Williston. In 1953, SC 781 was truncated to its", "id": "15556341" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 49\n\n\nLake Wylie. Established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 163, it ran from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in York to the North Carolina state line in Lake Wylie. In 1956, SC 49 was extended southwest to its current southern terminus at US 221 in Watts Mills replacing SC 91 from York to Monarch, SC 92 from Monarch to Cross Anchor, and SC 30 from Cross Anchor to Watts Mills. In 1960 or 1961, SC 49 was rerouted from Lockhart to Mount Tabor. At an unknown date,", "id": "21332808" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 914\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 914 (SC 914) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Lancaster and Springdale, via Lancaster Mill. SC 914 begins at an intersection with SC 9 Business (SC 9 Bus.; West Meeting Street) on the Lancaster–Lancaster Mill line, within Lancaster County. It travels to the southeast and immediately enters Lancaster Mill proper and curves to the south-southeast. Just after Old Landsford Road, it crosses over some railroad tracks. One block later, at", "id": "18102740" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 211\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 211 (SC 211) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway serves the rural areas of southern Cherokee and western York counties. SC 211 is a two-lane rural highway. The highway begins at SC 150, north of Pacolet in Cherokee County, going easterly along Asbury Road to Asbury, where it connects with SC 18. Splitting from SC 18 onto Gowdeysville Road, it connects with SC 105 in Saratt. Solo again, when it splits from SC 105 with", "id": "14126145" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 20 (SC 20) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Abbeville, Belton, Williamston and Greenville. The highway is signed as a west-east highway though it physically runs south-to-north. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from the Georgia state line to SC 8 (Guess Street/Green Avenue) in Greenville; connecting McCormick, Abbeville, Due West, Honea Path, Belton, and Williamston.", "id": "19237178" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 555\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 555 (SC 555) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route from downtown Columbia to Blythewood. SC 555 traverses from SC 12 in downtown Columbia to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) near Blythewood. Before Interstate 77 (I-77) was completed in the area, SC 555 served as a major thoroughfare; today it is an alternate route. The highway is four lanes south of I-77 and two lanes north of it. The highway was established in", "id": "3546072" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nrenumbering of SC 12, it originally ran from US 521 to the North Carolina state line in Hancock. By 1964, SC 75 was extended to its current western terminus at SC 5 in Van Wyck, replacing part of SC 504. South Carolina Highway 75 Truck (Truck SC 75) is a truck route of SC 75 bypassing Van Wyck. When SC 75 merges off from US 521 near Van Wyck, Truck SC 75 begins and follows US 521 until an interchange with SC 5. Truck Route 75 then follows SC 5", "id": "20072881" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 37\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 37 (SC 37) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It provides a direct route between Barnwell and Springfield. SC 37 is a two-lane rural highway that travels between U.S. Route 278 (US 278) and SC 39, with a connection with US 78 in Elko. SC 37 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 1, in Barnwell, to SC 27, in Williston. In 1923, SC 37 was rerouted", "id": "16526209" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nRoute 176 (US 176)/SC 10 in Spartanburg to the North Carolina state line; it eventually became part of SC 9. The second appeared from 1938-1951 as a new primary routing from US 176 southeast of Pomaria to US 76/SC 2 near Ballentine. It was adjusted twice, in 1948 extending and replacing SC 664, and in 1950 shifting to meet with US 176/SC 121 split. It was eventually renumbered as an extension of US 176. South Carolina Highway 77 (SC 77) was established in 1937", "id": "21845186" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 97 (SC 97) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Camden, Great Falls, Chester, and Hickory Grove. SC 97 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 521 (US 521)/US 601 (Broad Street) in Camden within Kershaw County, northeast of the Camden Country Club. The highway travels to the northwest and meets US 521 Truck/US 601 Truck (Boykin Road) just before leaving the city limits of Camden. It travels through rural areas of the", "id": "15954609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 121\n\n\n, where US 21 continues north towards Fort Mill, while also connecting with SC 322. SC 121 had two previous stents in the state before its current routing was established. The first SC 121 was established in 1925 or 1926 as a new primary routing; it traversed from SC 27 in Aiken, northeast through Wagener and Pelion, to SC 2/SC 12 in Springdale. In 1928, it was renumbered as SC 215. The second SC 121 was established in 1929 or 1930 as new primary routing; it traversed from", "id": "4644891" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 901\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 901 (SC 901) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a slower alternate rural route to Interstate 77 (I-77) and the western bypass of Rock Hill. SC 901 begins along SC 200 near I-77. Going north, it hovers to the west and then east of I-77 and then passes through Richburg. After entering York County, it has its own interchange with I-77, then proceeds to form the western bypass of Rock Hill. It is a two-", "id": "16644755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\n27 around 1931, it traversed from SC 65 (current SC 61) in Givhans, to US 78 east of Ridgeville. In 1940, it was rerouted north from Ridgeville to US 78 and then spur up to the Berkeley County line. In 1941 or 1942, SC 27 was extended north into Berkeley County to SC 31 (current US 176). The first SC 27 was an original state highway; established in 1922, it traversed from SC 21 in Trenton, south to Aiken, then east through Williston, Blackville", "id": "22136169" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nAvenue (on state maps, it is officially SC 19 Connector); while SC 19 southbound travels along Laurens Street/Park Avenue onto Chesterfield Street. SC 19 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 2 in Newberry, north through Whitmire, Union, Spartanburg, Inman and Landrum, to the North Carolina state line continuing as NC 19. In 1923, it was extended south on new primary routing, through Saluda, to SC 21/SC 27 in Trenton. In 1927", "id": "16271415" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 179\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 179 (SC 179) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It travels from Little River to the North Carolina state line, near Calabash. One of the shortest state highways in the state, SC 179 starts at U.S. Route 17 (US 17) in Little River and travels to the North Carolina state line. The route continues on as NC 179, connecting the towns of Calabash, Sunset Beach, and Ocean Isle Beach. The entire route is two lanes wide with brief", "id": "6284330" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 47\n\n\nwas an original state highway (1922) that traversed from SC 40 in Green Sea, northwest through Nichols and Lake View, before entering North Carolina. By 1926 was renumbered to SC 94. SC 47 Truck in Elloree begins at Felderville Road (S-38-81) then onto Snider Street (S-38-1023); at Main Street, it goes back northwest, in concurrency with SC 6/SC 267, reuniting with SC 47 at its northern terminus. A Food Lion distribution center is located in the town, the", "id": "22136670" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 173\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 173 (SC 173) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with U.S. Route 78 (US 78). SC 173 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville northeast to US 78. The predominant features along the route are homes and forest. Established as the second SC 173 in 1940, it traversed from US 15 in Grover east to US 78 near Ridgeville; the section between Ridgeville and US 78 was", "id": "22136291" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 16\n\n\nit connected the cities and towns of Ridgeway, Winnsboro, Chester, York, and Clover. In 1927, US 21 was assigned between Columbia and Chester; the following year SC 16 was removed from that section. In 1931, the first SC 16 was decommissioned when US 321 was assigned on the remaining route. The second SC 16 appeared in 1939 as a new primary routing between SC 48 east to US 76 in Columbia. In 1940, it was extended north from US 76 to SC 12. In 1948, the", "id": "4796568" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 207 (SC 207) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It is entirely within the boundaries of Chesterfield County and serves to connect the city of Pageland, South Carolina to the city of Monroe, North Carolina via North Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207). Starting at the intersection of Elm Street and McGregor Street (U.S. Route 601 (US 601) and SC 9), it travels northwest for to the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 207 towards", "id": "5806442" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 81\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 81 (SC 81) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects rural areas of McCormick County with Greenville, via Calhoun Falls, Iva, Homeland Park, and Anderson. SC 81 begins at an intersection with SC 28 east-southeast of Lethia within McCormick County. This intersection is within Sumter National Forest and just north of SC 28's crossing of Long Cane Creek. It travels to the northwest and curves to the west-southwest and travels through Lethia. It then", "id": "18281932" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 905\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 905 (NC 905) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves as part of an alternate route between Whiteville and Conway, South Carolina, through southeastern Columbus County. NC 905 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina line and South Carolina Highway 905 (SC 905) in Olyphic. Traveling north, it connects with NC 904 in Pireway. After its concurrency with NC 904, it continues solo for , connecting the communities of Bug Hill and", "id": "14981023" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nCarolina state line, near Earl. South Carolina reciprocate in 1930 with the establishment of SC 111 from the state line to Gaffney, which was later renumbered SC 18 in 1937. In 1929, NC 18 was extended north, replacing NC 67, through Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro, to US 21/NC 26 in Sparta. Also in 1929, NC 18 was rerouted south of Morganton going through the Sunnyside community and leaving behind Enola and Enola Road (SR 1922). In 1930, NC 18 was extended northeast along new", "id": "12715101" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 165\n\n\nit curves to the northwest to meet its northern terminus, and intersection with US 17 Alternate (N. Main Street) and Berkeley Circle. Established in 1939 as a new primary highway, SC 165 originally traversed from its current southern terminus to US 17 in Ravenel. This section has remained relatively unchanged; with an exception in Hollywood, where it was realigned in the 1980s, removing a concurrency with SC 162 and leaving Town Council Road. Around 1952, SC 165 was extended north on mostly new construction to Cooks Crossroads, where", "id": "6640073" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 19 (SC 19) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Aiken directly with the Savannah River Site and Edgefield via U.S. Route 25 (US 25). SC 19 operates as arterial four-lane highway from Aiken to the Savannah River Site; to its north, it is a two-lane rural highway to Trenton, where it connects with US 25 and SC 121. In Aiken's downtown area, SC 19 is signed, northbound along Chesterfield Street and Richland", "id": "16271414" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nover SC 200, and quickly SC 9 Business is out of downtown on E. Arch St. A half mile after crossing over SC 200, SC 9 Business ends at SC 9 Bypass. Other than Spartanburg, the City of Lancaster is the largest urban area SC 9 runs through before reaching the North Myrtle Beach area. Like all the numbered highways in Chester, SC 9 Business goes straight through downtown, and the bypass route makes a half-moon path around Chester. SC 9 Business shares a brief concurrency with US 321 Business", "id": "5557121" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\n), replacing US 29 Business (US 29 Bus.). In 2000, SC 20 was extended to its current northern terminus at Falls Park Drive (formerly Camperdown Way) just shy of US 123, replacing part of US 25 Bus. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn.) is a connector route, in concurrency with SC 28 Conn. It connects SC 20 with SC 28, north of Abbeville. The route is unsigned its entire length. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn) is a", "id": "19237181" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Its entire length runs through Union County and serves as the primary connector between the towns of Waxhaw, Mineral Springs, and Monroe. The route roughly parallels a CSX railroad line for its entire span. NC 75 starts at the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, near Hancock, South Carolina. In South Carolina, it continues as SC 75 for to SC 5, in Van Wyck. Heading east from the", "id": "5127428" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 137\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 137 (SC 137) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Norris with rural areas of Pickens, via Six Mile. SC 135 begins at an intersection with SC 93 (Norris Drive) in Norris, within Pickens County, where the roadway continues as East Jamison Street. It travels to the northwest and crosses over Twelve Mile Creek just north of Cateechee. In Six Mile, the highway intersects SC 133 (South Main Street). The two highways travel concurrently until", "id": "16201660" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 59\n\n\n24. The road heads on its northeast trajectory until it meets its northern terminus, an intersection with U.S. Route 76 (US 76), US 123, SC 28 in Seneca. Established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 181 and part of SC 182, SC 59 traversed from the Georgia state line to Fair Play, then north to Seneca ending at US 76/SC 13/SC 28. By 1963, SC 59 was truncated at I-85 due to Lake Hartwell submerging the route to Georgia. The portion south of", "id": "4730382" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects the city of Wadesboro with the towns of Oakboro and Chesterfield, South Carolina. NC 742 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, where continuing south on South Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) would lead to Chesterfield. In Wadesboro, it first runs concurrent with NC 109 before going through the downtown area. At the intersection of Caswell and Greene Streets,", "id": "4827585" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 68\n\n\n-lane configuration about north of the I-95 junction. Passing underneath I-95, SC 68 returns to a two-lane configuration as it enters Yemassee before terminating at an intersection with US 17 Alternate and US 21. Established in 1967 as a renumbering of SC 28, it has remained unchanged since. Prior to the current routing, SC 68 had two previous incarnations: In 1937-38 from Clio to the North Carolina state line (renumbered as SC 83), and in 1938-47 as a short highway spur from US", "id": "6817262" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the South Carolina state line to NC 274 near the unincorporated community of Tryon. NC 216 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, from Kings Mountain National Military Park; the road continues south towards the park as South Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216). Going north, it crosses over Interstate 85 then has a short overlap with", "id": "21201754" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 51\n\n\nroad that starts at US 21 near Fort Mill and ends at the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 51 through Pineville. The route is entirely two-lane, expanding to four lanes at the state line. Established as a new primary routing in 1926; the original routing ran from SC 40 (today as US 701) along Choppee Road (today as S-22-4) and Hemingway Highway (today as SC 261) to Hemingway then onto Florence, ending at SC 41 (today as US", "id": "9677788" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 18 (NC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Traveling north–south through the Foothills region, it connects the cities of Shelby, Morganton, Lenoir, Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro. NC 18 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that travels in western North Carolina. Starting as a continuation of SC 18, at the South Carolina state line near Earl, NC 18 travels north into Shelby, where it overlaps with NC 150 and crosses US 74/NC 226", "id": "12715094" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 93\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 93 (abbreviated S.C. Highway 93 or SC 93) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It runs from U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and SC 28 in Clemson northeast to US 123 in Easley. The highway begins at an interchange with the US 76/SC 28 concurrency and Old Greenville Highway east of downtown Clemson. West of this point, Old Greenville Highway passes through downtown Clemson and the campus of Clemson University and is signed as SC 93 though it is not officially", "id": "22146588" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 27 (SC 27) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with nearby highways. SC 27 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville south to the unincorporated community of Givhans to its south and highways U.S. Route 78 (US 78), Interstate 26 (I-26), and US 176 to its north. The predominant features along the route is farmland mixed with forest and swamps. Established as the second SC", "id": "22136168" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 48\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 48 (SC 48) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves southern Richland County and access to the Congaree National Park. SC 48 begins in downtown Columbia along Assembly Street. It traverses west, passing alongside the South Carolina State House and the University of South Carolina, before turning onto Rosewood Drive and then onto Bluff Road. After leaving the Columbia city limits, it continues through southeastern Richland County as a two-lane rural highway to U.S. Route 601 (US 601", "id": "12287717" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 310\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 310 (SC 310) is an long state highway in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a south-north orientation from Holly Hill north to Vance, and then northwest to its northern terminus, completely within Orangeburg County. SC 310 begins at an intersection with US 176 in Holly Hill. The route heads north to an intersection with SC 45, north of the city. The road continues north into the city of Vance, where it intersects SC 210. After", "id": "4731054" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 57\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 57 (SC 57) is a state highway in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a southeast-northwest orientation from the unincorporated community of Fork northwest through Dillon to Little Rock and then curves northeasterly to the North Carolina state line, north of Little Rock, all completely within Dillon County. SC 57 begins at an intersection with SC 41 and SC 41 Alternate in Fork. The route heads northeast through the town of Floydale until it enters Dillon. In town,", "id": "4796454" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nthe beachfront. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from SC 23 in Dillon, west to SC 10, in Enoree. By 1926, SC 9 was extended east to Lake View, then replacing SC 47 to Green Sea, then southeast on new primary routing to Little River. On its northern end, SC 9 rerouted from Kelly to SC 19, near Spartanburg, replacing SC 92. The route from Kelly to Enoree was renumbered SC 92. In 1927, SC 9 was rerouted between Pageland to", "id": "5557113" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 38\n\n\nconnected with the newly renumbered SC 38. NC 38 has not changed since. North Carolina Highway 771 (NC 771) first appeared as a new primary routing in 1930, traveling from US 311/NC 77, east of Winston-Salem, to US 421/NC 60, in Kernersville. In 1936, NC 771 was replaced by an extension of NC 150. The second NC 771 was established as new primary routing in 1936, from Hamlet to the South Carolina state line, where it continued as SC 96.", "id": "20812160" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\n72 via Central Avenue, Park Street and Glenn Street. SC 66 was established in 1934 as a new primary routing, traversing from SC 56 to US 76/SC 2 in Goldville (now Joanna). In 1941 or 1942, a second SC 66 was created, from SC 706 in Eisons Crossroads to the Newberry-Laurens county line. In 1948, the two sections of SC 66 were connected, and was also extended east into Whitmire replacing part of SC 706. South Carolina Highway 706 (SC 706) was", "id": "15134091" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 513\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 513 (SC 513) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through rural areas of Georgetown County. SC 513 begins at an intersection with SC 41/SC 51 (County Line Road) south-southwest of Hopewell, on the Williamsburg–Georgetown county line. It travels to the north-northeast, on the county line, and nearly immediately intersects the eastern terminus of SC 512 (Henry Road). The highway turns right onto Pleasant Hill Drive and travels to", "id": "17729308" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 66 (SC 66) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the community of Joanna with nearby SC 56 and the town of Whitmire. SC 66 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from SC 56 to SC 72 in Whitmire. It connects to U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and Interstate 26 (I-26). Predominantly in the Sumter National Forest, it meanders through forest lands; in Whitmire, it takes a couple of turns before reaching SC", "id": "15134090" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 60\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 60 (SC 60) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Irmo, connecting nearby Lake Murray and Harbison State Forest. SC 60 is a mostly four-lane with median suburban highway that travels from SC 6 to U.S. Route 176 (US 176), with an interchange with Interstate 26 (I-26)/US 76. SC 60 was established in 1929 as a new primary routing. The route has remained unchanged since inception, though its eastern endpoint was originally US", "id": "22092019" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 64\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 64 (SC 64) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the cities of Barnwell and Walterboro while also providing a direct route to Charleston, via U.S. Route 17 (US 17). SC 64 was established around 1926 as a new primary routing from SC 28 near Ellenton, to SC 6/SC 301 near Ruffin. In 1928, SC 64 was extended east to US 17 in Walterboro, replacing part of SC 6. Around 1930, SC 64 was extended", "id": "22114149" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\n, US 176 was assigned to SC 19 from Newberry to the North Carolina state line; the following year it was removed from the overlap. Also in 1928, SC 19 was extended south, replacing part of SC 27 to US 1/US 78 in Aiken. In 1929 or 1930, SC 19 was extended south (again) to SC 28 north of Ellenton. Around 1952, the Savannah River Site was established; which removed of highway in what is now a restricted area. By 1955, SC 19 was widened", "id": "16271416" } ]

[ { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 200 (SC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Winnsboro, Great Falls, and Lancaster. SC 200 is mostly a rural two-lane highway, traversing northwest from Winnsboro, through Great Falls and Lancaster, to the North Carolina state line. Established in 1937 as a renumbering part of SC 93 to match NC 200; it originally traversed from US 521 to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 200 was extended to its", "id": "18356164" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 903\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 903 (SC 903) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Lancaster to Darlington, Florence, and the Grand Strand. SC 903 is a two-lane rural highway, from Catarrh to Lancaster. Control cities listed southbound include Myrtle Beach. Established either in 1929 or 1930 as a new primary routing, it traversed from SC 35 in Catarrh to SC 9 in Midway. In 1949, SC 903 was extended north to its current northern terminus in Lancaster, replacing an", "id": "22013136" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 99\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 99 (SC 99) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Great Falls with rural areas of Chester County. SC 99 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and SC 200 (Pendergrass Boulevard) in Great Falls within Chester County. It travels to the northwest. On the edge of the city limits of the town is an intersection with SC 97 (Francis Avenue). They have a very brief concurrency. SC 99 travels in a north", "id": "16138937" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Chesterfield with Wadesboro, North Carolina. SC 742 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 145, near Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. The road continues into North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) towards Wadesboro. It was established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 850 and to match NC 742, little has changed since. SC 850 was established in", "id": "21845915" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nlane road from Charlotte Avenue to US 74 and a six-lane divided highway on its concurrency with US 74 and US 601. Established in 1930, it traveled from Monroe at US 74/NC 20/NC 25/NC 151 south to the South Carolina state line where it changed into SC 93 (renumbered to SC 200 in 1937). Between 1931-36, NC 200 was realigned north of Old Highway Road near Jackson. In 1936, the highway was extended north via Franklin Street, Church Street, Winchester", "id": "799956" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\n. The first SC 161 appeared in 1923 as a new primary routing from SC 16 in Eau Claire to SC 22. It was extended northwest by 1926 to SC 7 in Leeds. In 1928, the entire route was renumbered as part of SC 215. The current SC 161 was established in 1930 as a new primary route, it originally traversed from SC 16 (today US 321) to the North Carolina state line, continuing as North Carolina Highway 215 (renumbered in 1937 to NC 161). In 1959, SC", "id": "12487687" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 109\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 109 (SC 109) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 109 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from SC 145 through Ruby and Mount Croghan, to the North Carolina state line. SC 109 was established in either 1937 or 1938 as a new primary route from SC 9 in Mount Croghan to the North Carolina state line. In 1939, it was extended south to SC 85. In", "id": "21845959" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 177 (SC 177) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the community of Wallace with Hamlet, North Carolina. SC 177 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from Wallace at SC 9 to the North Carolina state line. The highway was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 77, little has changed since. Two predecessors existed before the current SC 177 came to existence. The first appeared from 1930-1936 as a new primary routing from U.S.", "id": "21845185" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 79 (SC 79) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects communities in western Marlboro County. SC 79 is a two-lane rural highway, traversing from SC 9 to the North Carolina state line where the road continues in Gibson, North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 79. Originally established in 1937 as a new primary route, it connected U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Denmark, to Voorhees College. In 1938, it was replaced by SC 68,", "id": "21700754" }, { "contents": "Winnsboro, South Carolina\n\n\nand south to Columbia. SC 34 leads southeast to Ridgeway and west to Newberry. SC 200 leads northeast to Great Falls. The unincorporated community of Winnsboro Mills borders the south side of Winnsboro. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Winnsboro has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,564 people, 1,454 households, and 984 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,109.6 people per square mile (428.9/km²). There were 1,597 housing", "id": "9585095" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 34\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 34 (SC 34) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As one of the longer state highways, it traverses the state east-west from Greenwood to Dillon, connecting the cities of Newberry, Winnsboro, Camden, Bishopville and Darlington. SC 34 begins as a hidden highway in downtown Greenwood, at the intersection of Main Street and Maxwell Avenue. On city and state official maps, SC 34 is on an east parallel to U.S. Route 25 Business (US 25 Bus.", "id": "13565724" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 385\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 385 (SC 385) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Bennettsville with northern Marlboro County. SC 385 is a two-lane (mostly) rural highway, traverses from Bennettsville north to SC 79, near the North Carolina state line. The first SC 385 appeared around 1941-42 as a new primary route from SC 341 to U.S. Route 15 (US 15)/SC 34. In 1948, it was downgraded to a secondary road. The current SC", "id": "21700661" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill and Gastonia, North Carolina. Though it generally runs in a north-south fashion, it is signed west-east. SC 274 is mostly a four-lane suburban highway that traverses , from the North Carolina state line, where the road continues north as North Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274), to downtown Rock Hill at SC 322. Established in 1937 as a", "id": "18047413" }, { "contents": "Interstate 77 in South Carolina\n\n\nthe town of Ridgeway and passes under the NS R-Line. The freeway passes to the east of Winnsboro, which is accessed via SC 34 or the next interchange with Road 41. I-77 has junction with Road 20 and SC 200 near Mitford before entering Chester County. The freeway has an interchange with SC 97 (Great Falls Road), which connects the county seat of Chester to the west with the town of Great Falls to the east. Great Falls is where the Piedmont-based Catawba River reaches the Fall Line", "id": "7110295" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 522\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 522 (SC 522) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect communities in central Lancaster County. SC 522 is a two-lane rural highway, from Liberty Hill to the North Carolina state line, near Sapps Crossroads. It is similar to a Farm-to-market road that it provides no real destination for travelers, but does provides access to farmland in central Lancaster County. Originally established in either 1937 or 1938, it was a new primary route", "id": "22034481" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 381 (SC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the towns in eastern Marlboro County. SC 381 traverses from Blenheim at SC 38 to the North Carolina state line where it continues as North Carolina Highway 381 into Gibson, North Carolina. As a two-lane rural highway, it connects the towns of Clio and McColl. The highway was established in 1930 as a new primary route from SC 38 in Blenheim to SC 9 in Clio. In 1931 or", "id": "21652315" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 381 (NC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Hamlet and Gibson. NC 381 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from the South Carolina state line in Gibson to U.S. Route 74 Business near Hamlet. The highway is flanked with farms and has little traffic. Established in 1940 as a renumbering of NC 78 when the route was extended to the South Carolina state line, connecting with SC 381; remained unchanged since inception.", "id": "8146479" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 75 (SC 75) is an state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The road is a mainly rural road. Its eastern terminus at the North Carolina state line at North Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75). SC 75 is a road for most of its existence, as it is here. After running for two miles (3 km) through the tip of Lancaster County, SC 75 overlaps U.S. Route 521 (US 521), running south. From Hancock, the road continues on", "id": "20072879" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 702\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 702 (SC 702) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Greenwood State Park. SC 702 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from SC 246 between Ninety Six and Coronaca, to SC 39 north of Saluda. The current routing of SC 702 was created by 1952 and has remained unchanged since. It was originally established in 1940 as a loop off SC 7 west of Greenwood. By 1942, SC 702 was extended east", "id": "21868670" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 21\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 21 (NC 21) was a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. At its height, it traversed from the South Carolina state line to Raleigh, connecting the cities of Fayetteville, and Lillington. Established as an original state highway, it traversed from the South Carolina state line (continuing as SC 47 to Lake View) north through Lumberton, Fayetteville, and Lillington before ending at NC 10, in Raleigh. In 1925, NC 21 was rerouted south of Fayetteville, replacing NC 22", "id": "18985691" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 265\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 265 (SC 265) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Jefferson with the cities of Kershaw and Chesterfield. SC 265 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 601 (US 601) north of Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. The highway was established in 1928 as a new primary routing from SC 26 in Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. In 1940, it was extended southwest to SC 97 in Liberty Hill. In 1948", "id": "21903505" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 55\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 55 (SC 55) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Clover to Blacksburg, Rock Hill, and Charlotte, North Carolina. SC 55 is a rural two-lane highway, with a median in and around Clover; between Clover and Lake Wylie, it is also paralleled by a major transmission line. It traverses from SC 5 near Kings Creek, to SC 49/SC 274 near Lake Wylie. Travelers to and from Charlotte would connect through", "id": "12594781" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 18 (SC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the cities of Union, Gaffney and Shelby, North Carolina. SC 18 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Fredrick Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 18 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of SC 111, from U.S. Route 29 (US 29) in Gaffney, to the North Carolina state line.", "id": "14222860" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 150\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 150 (SC 150) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Pacolet and Gaffney with the more rural areas of Spartanburg and Cherokee counties. SC 150 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Limestone Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 150 was established in 1940 as a renumbering of part of SC 103, from SC 18 in Gaffney to the North Carolina state line. In 1960-", "id": "14125945" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 223\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 223 (SC 223) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector between Richburg and Landsford Canal State Park. SC 223 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 9 and SC 901 outside of Richburg to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) in the community of Landsford and Landsford Canal State Park. The first SC 223 appeared from 1939-1940 as a spur off SC 22, renumbered as an extension of SC 901. The current SC", "id": "12079569" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the Kings Mountain National Military Park to North Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) at the North Carolina state line. SC 216 is a short two-lane rural highway in the northeast corner of Cherokee County. At its southern terminus at the Kings Mountain National Military Park entrance, the road continues east park-maintained towards York County and SC 161. SC 216 passes through a", "id": "21201795" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 215\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 215 (SC 215) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route to Union from either Columbia or Spartanburg. SC 215 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Columbia to Spartanburg; connecting Jenkinsville, Carlisle, Union, and Roebuck. It was established in 1928 as a renumbering of SC 121 and SC 161. It originally traveled from U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Aiken, northeast through Wagener, Pelion, Edmund, and", "id": "21764584" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 557\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 557 (SC 557) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector route between Clover and Lake Wylie. SC 557 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 55 near Clover to SC 49/SC 274 in Lake Wylie. The highway provides travelers a more direct route to and from Charlotte. Though it runs physically west-to-east, it is signed as a north-south highway with its western end as its southern terminus and", "id": "18047294" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is entirely in the boundaries of Union County and serves to connect the city of Monroe to the city of Pageland, South Carolina, at the South Carolina state line via SC 207. From the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, NC 207 is a two-lane rural highway traversing north through rolling hills of farmland. Once it enters Monroe city limits, it becomes Haynes Street, where it connects several", "id": "19757200" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nLancaster on a more southern route, avoiding the Tradesville area; The old alignment was briefly downgraded to secondary before being renumbered as SC 906. In 1933, SC 9 was realigned on a straight path from Loris to Little River; most of the old route was downgraded to secondary, with exception to Wampee and eastward becoming SC 90. In 1936, SC 9 was extended north through Spartanburg and Boiling Springs to its current northern terminus at the North Carolina state line; replacing SC 177. In 1940, SC 9 was extended", "id": "5557114" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 5\n\n\nroute from both US 521 and I-85 to both York and Rock Hill. Established as an original state highway, SC 5 originally traveled from SC 9 in Fort Lawn, through Rock Hill and York, to SC 8 in Blacksburg. In 1929 or 1930, SC 5 was extended south along new primary routing to SC 22 in Great Falls. In 1938, SC 5 was extended on both directions, connecting north to SC 18 and south to US 21 in Ridgeway. In 1939, SC 5 reached its longest length with its", "id": "22182862" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\ncounty, crosses over part of Lake Wateree, and enters Liberty Hill. There, it has an intersection with the western terminus of SC 522 (Stoneboro Road). A short distance later, it enters Lancaster County. It continues traveling through rural areas until it intersects SC 200 (Great Falls Highway). The two highways travel concurrently to the west. Almost immediately, they cross over the Catawba River on the Tom G. Mangum Bridge, where they enter Chester County. This bridge is just south of the Fishing Creek Dam", "id": "15954610" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 248\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 248 (SC 248) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Ninety Six National Historic Site. SC 248 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Epworth at U.S. Route 178 (US 178) to Ninety Six at SC 34/SC 246. Established in 1940, it is the second SC 248 and has remained unchanged since inception. The first SC 248 was established by 1930 as a renumbering of SC 151 from US 29", "id": "21840646" }, { "contents": "Ridgeway, South Carolina\n\n\n). U.S. Route 21 passes through the towns, leading north to Great Falls and south to Columbia. South Carolina Highway 34 leads west to Interstate 77 and east to Lugoff. Winnsboro, the county seat, is to the northwest via SC 34. According to the United States Census Bureau, Ridgeway has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 328 people, 138 households, and 96 families residing in the town. The population density was 692.7 people per square mile", "id": "9585082" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects rural areas of Lincoln and Gaston counties to Gastonia. NC 274 was established in 1930 as a new primary routing, from NC 27 to U.S. Route 74 (US 74) and NC 20 (now NC 161) in Bessemer City. Around 1938, it was extended southeast to its current southern terminus at the South Carolina state line, where it continues as South Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274).", "id": "18047645" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 39\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 39 (SC 39) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects various rural communities and towns from the southwest to the northwest sections of the state. SC 39 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from the Savannah River Site to U.S. Route 221 (US 221) south of Laurens. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, traveling from SC 12, in Monetta, to SC 21, in Edgefield. In 1923, SC 39 was extended in", "id": "22043911" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 909\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 909 (SC 909) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities of northern Chester County. SC 909 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in Lowrys to SC 9 near Richburg. The route zig-zags in northern Chester County connecting small communities, and provides access to the Chester Catawba Regional Airport. Established in 1940 as a new primary routing, it originally traversed from SC 9 to US 21 in Lewis", "id": "12654301" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nwhich later became a secondary road by 1948. The current SC 79 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of part of SC 38, from Bennettsville to the North Carolina state line. Between 1967 and 1970, SC 79 was rerouted and replaced SC 383 to SC 9; the old alignment became SC 385. South Carolina Highway 383 (SC 383) was established by 1937 as new primary routing from SC 9 near Bennettsville to SC 79 near Gibson, North Carolina. It was renumbered as part of SC 79 by 1970.", "id": "21700755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 213\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 213 (SC 213) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through mostly rural areas of Newberry and Fairfield counties. It also connects Jenkinsville and the Winnsboro area. SC 213 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 176 (US 176) southeast of Pomaria within Newberry County, where the roadway continues as Parr Road. It travels to the east and crosses over Crims Creek. A short distance later, the highway crosses over the Broad River, Hampton Island and some railroad", "id": "16629962" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 145 (SC 145) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 145 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from U.S. Route 1 (US 1) near McBee, through the county seat of Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It also passes through forest and wildlife refuge areas. The entire route has been officially named the Carolinas Sandhills Parkway by the State of South Carolina. The first", "id": "21845728" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 200 (NC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south from the South Carolina state line near the community of JAARS, to US 601 near Concord. NC 200 traverses , starting at the South Carolina state line, through the city of Monroe, and the towns of Stanfield and Locust, before ending at US 601 near Concord. For its length, it is a two-lane rural highway except in Monroe where it is a four-", "id": "799955" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 151\n\n\n29 (US 29)/SC 15 in Anderson, to SC 20 in Williamston. By 1930, it was renumbered as SC 248. The current SC 151 was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 35 from Darlington to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 151 truncated at SC 9 in Pageland, its route north to the state line replaced by US 601. By 1958, SC 151 replaced SC 151 Alternate, bypassing Hartsville. In 1983, SC 151 was extended and bypassed east of Pageland, to its current", "id": "21952570" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 161 (SC 161) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill, York, and Kings Mountain, North Carolina. SC 161 is a multi-lane highway, traversing from U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and Interstate 77 (I-77), through the northern part of Rock Hill and north around York, to the back entrance area of Kings Mountain State Park and Kings Mountain National Military Park, and ends at the North Carolina state line", "id": "12487686" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 403\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 403 (SC 403) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Timmonsville and the surrounding rural area with the cities of Lake City and Hartsville. SC 403 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for beginning north of Lake City, along SC 341. Going through a northeasterly direction to Hobbs Crossroads, it then goes north to Sardis. Connecting with Interstate 95 (I-95) north of Sardis, it continues north connecting with U.S. Route 76 (US", "id": "22010317" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 212\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 212 (SC 212) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Williams by connecting it with nearby highways. SC 212 is a two-lane rural highway that connects the town of Williams between SC 64 and U.S. Route 21 (US 21). Within Williams, it intersects SC 362 at its eastern terminus. Established around 1938 as a new primary routing as a spur from US 21 to Williams. In 1940, it was extended south to its current", "id": "22114289" }, { "contents": "U.S. Route 521\n\n\nknown as Camden Highway. It passes under I-20 and proceeds to Camden. It then goes on to the town of Kershaw, running concurrent with US 601. The final city it goes through before going into North Carolina is Lancaster. US 521 traverses from the South Carolina state line to Interstate 485. The entire route is a four to six-lane divided highway, split in naming between Lancaster Highway and Johnston Road. Established in 1932, it was overlapped entirely with SC 26, from Georgetown to the North Carolina state line", "id": "21139357" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 83\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 83 (NC 83) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves to connect the towns of Maxton and Clio, South Carolina. NC 83 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line and goes north to end at NC 130 in Seven Bridges. The highway is flanked by both farmland and swamps. NC 83 was established in 1937 as a new primary routing from US 501 to the South Carolina state line, where it continues as SC", "id": "5127960" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 72\n\n\nas a renumbering of SC 7; it traversed from the Georgia state line, near Calhoun Falls, to US 21 in Chester. In 1950, it was extended northeast to US 21/SC 5 in Rock Hill, which replaced part of US 21. In 1951 or 1952, its routing was adjusted west of Greenwood replacing SC 702 and leaving Old Abbeville Highway (S-1-3 and S-24-1). In 1954, SC 72 was placed on bypass south and east around Chester; its old alignment became a business", "id": "7621861" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 198\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 198 (SC 198) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the town of Blacksburg at Interstate 85 (I-85) exit 102 and the northern terminus of SC 5 with the town of Earl, North Carolina by way of North Carolina Highway 198 (NC 198). Though it physically runs north and south, internal SCDOT data and the only signage of SC 198 at the I-85 / SC 5 intersection indicates that it runs east–west. A two-lane rural", "id": "18046947" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 246\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 246 (SC 246) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities and towns in eastern Greenwood County. SC 246 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Friendship to Hodges; connecting the town of Ninety Six and the communities of Coronaca and Cokesbury. The highway also provides access to Star Fort Pond, at Ninety Six National Historic Site, via Kinard Road (S-24-27). Established in 1930 as a replacement for part of SC 24", "id": "21868609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSC 145 appeared in 1941 or 1942 as a new primary route from SC 644 to US 15 north of Walterboro. In 1948, it was downgraded to secondary status, known today as McLeod Road. The current SC 145 was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 85; little has changed since. South Carolina Highway 85 (SC 85) was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 95, it traveled from US 1, near McBee, through Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It was renumbered to", "id": "21845729" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 157\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 157 (SC 157) is a state highway in the Sandhills region of South Carolina. Though it physically runs west to east, it is signed as a north-south road. Its southern terminus at its westernmost point at SC 341 in Kershaw, Lancaster County and its northern terminus (eastern end) at SC 346 about west of Catarrh in rural Kershaw County. SC 157 begins at an intersection with Marion Street and Minor Street in eastern Kershaw. From this point, SC 341 travels west on Marion Street", "id": "17035715" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 45\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 45 (SC 45) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as the main thoroughfare in northern Berkeley County. Established as an original state highway in 1922, it traversed from SC 41 in St. Stephen to SC 31 in St. Matthews. Around 1926, SC 45 was truncated west of St. Stephen along a new alignment of SC 41 (current U.S. Route 52 or US 52). By 1931, SC 45 was extended west on new primary routing to SC 24 in", "id": "22162620" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 781\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 781 (SC 781) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It is used as part of a bypass south of Aiken, between Augusta and Williston, in conjunction with U.S. Route 278 (US 278). SC 781 is a two-lane rural connector highway between US 278 and US 78. Established in 1940 as a new primary route, it traversed from SC 28 in Beech Island east to US 78 west of Williston. In 1953, SC 781 was truncated to its", "id": "15556341" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 49\n\n\nLake Wylie. Established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 163, it ran from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in York to the North Carolina state line in Lake Wylie. In 1956, SC 49 was extended southwest to its current southern terminus at US 221 in Watts Mills replacing SC 91 from York to Monarch, SC 92 from Monarch to Cross Anchor, and SC 30 from Cross Anchor to Watts Mills. In 1960 or 1961, SC 49 was rerouted from Lockhart to Mount Tabor. At an unknown date,", "id": "21332808" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 914\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 914 (SC 914) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Lancaster and Springdale, via Lancaster Mill. SC 914 begins at an intersection with SC 9 Business (SC 9 Bus.; West Meeting Street) on the Lancaster–Lancaster Mill line, within Lancaster County. It travels to the southeast and immediately enters Lancaster Mill proper and curves to the south-southeast. Just after Old Landsford Road, it crosses over some railroad tracks. One block later, at", "id": "18102740" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 211\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 211 (SC 211) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway serves the rural areas of southern Cherokee and western York counties. SC 211 is a two-lane rural highway. The highway begins at SC 150, north of Pacolet in Cherokee County, going easterly along Asbury Road to Asbury, where it connects with SC 18. Splitting from SC 18 onto Gowdeysville Road, it connects with SC 105 in Saratt. Solo again, when it splits from SC 105 with", "id": "14126145" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 20 (SC 20) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Abbeville, Belton, Williamston and Greenville. The highway is signed as a west-east highway though it physically runs south-to-north. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from the Georgia state line to SC 8 (Guess Street/Green Avenue) in Greenville; connecting McCormick, Abbeville, Due West, Honea Path, Belton, and Williamston.", "id": "19237178" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 555\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 555 (SC 555) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route from downtown Columbia to Blythewood. SC 555 traverses from SC 12 in downtown Columbia to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) near Blythewood. Before Interstate 77 (I-77) was completed in the area, SC 555 served as a major thoroughfare; today it is an alternate route. The highway is four lanes south of I-77 and two lanes north of it. The highway was established in", "id": "3546072" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nrenumbering of SC 12, it originally ran from US 521 to the North Carolina state line in Hancock. By 1964, SC 75 was extended to its current western terminus at SC 5 in Van Wyck, replacing part of SC 504. South Carolina Highway 75 Truck (Truck SC 75) is a truck route of SC 75 bypassing Van Wyck. When SC 75 merges off from US 521 near Van Wyck, Truck SC 75 begins and follows US 521 until an interchange with SC 5. Truck Route 75 then follows SC 5", "id": "20072881" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 37\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 37 (SC 37) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It provides a direct route between Barnwell and Springfield. SC 37 is a two-lane rural highway that travels between U.S. Route 278 (US 278) and SC 39, with a connection with US 78 in Elko. SC 37 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 1, in Barnwell, to SC 27, in Williston. In 1923, SC 37 was rerouted", "id": "16526209" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nRoute 176 (US 176)/SC 10 in Spartanburg to the North Carolina state line; it eventually became part of SC 9. The second appeared from 1938-1951 as a new primary routing from US 176 southeast of Pomaria to US 76/SC 2 near Ballentine. It was adjusted twice, in 1948 extending and replacing SC 664, and in 1950 shifting to meet with US 176/SC 121 split. It was eventually renumbered as an extension of US 176. South Carolina Highway 77 (SC 77) was established in 1937", "id": "21845186" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 97 (SC 97) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Camden, Great Falls, Chester, and Hickory Grove. SC 97 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 521 (US 521)/US 601 (Broad Street) in Camden within Kershaw County, northeast of the Camden Country Club. The highway travels to the northwest and meets US 521 Truck/US 601 Truck (Boykin Road) just before leaving the city limits of Camden. It travels through rural areas of the", "id": "15954609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 121\n\n\n, where US 21 continues north towards Fort Mill, while also connecting with SC 322. SC 121 had two previous stents in the state before its current routing was established. The first SC 121 was established in 1925 or 1926 as a new primary routing; it traversed from SC 27 in Aiken, northeast through Wagener and Pelion, to SC 2/SC 12 in Springdale. In 1928, it was renumbered as SC 215. The second SC 121 was established in 1929 or 1930 as new primary routing; it traversed from", "id": "4644891" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 901\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 901 (SC 901) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a slower alternate rural route to Interstate 77 (I-77) and the western bypass of Rock Hill. SC 901 begins along SC 200 near I-77. Going north, it hovers to the west and then east of I-77 and then passes through Richburg. After entering York County, it has its own interchange with I-77, then proceeds to form the western bypass of Rock Hill. It is a two-", "id": "16644755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\n27 around 1931, it traversed from SC 65 (current SC 61) in Givhans, to US 78 east of Ridgeville. In 1940, it was rerouted north from Ridgeville to US 78 and then spur up to the Berkeley County line. In 1941 or 1942, SC 27 was extended north into Berkeley County to SC 31 (current US 176). The first SC 27 was an original state highway; established in 1922, it traversed from SC 21 in Trenton, south to Aiken, then east through Williston, Blackville", "id": "22136169" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nAvenue (on state maps, it is officially SC 19 Connector); while SC 19 southbound travels along Laurens Street/Park Avenue onto Chesterfield Street. SC 19 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 2 in Newberry, north through Whitmire, Union, Spartanburg, Inman and Landrum, to the North Carolina state line continuing as NC 19. In 1923, it was extended south on new primary routing, through Saluda, to SC 21/SC 27 in Trenton. In 1927", "id": "16271415" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 179\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 179 (SC 179) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It travels from Little River to the North Carolina state line, near Calabash. One of the shortest state highways in the state, SC 179 starts at U.S. Route 17 (US 17) in Little River and travels to the North Carolina state line. The route continues on as NC 179, connecting the towns of Calabash, Sunset Beach, and Ocean Isle Beach. The entire route is two lanes wide with brief", "id": "6284330" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 47\n\n\nwas an original state highway (1922) that traversed from SC 40 in Green Sea, northwest through Nichols and Lake View, before entering North Carolina. By 1926 was renumbered to SC 94. SC 47 Truck in Elloree begins at Felderville Road (S-38-81) then onto Snider Street (S-38-1023); at Main Street, it goes back northwest, in concurrency with SC 6/SC 267, reuniting with SC 47 at its northern terminus. A Food Lion distribution center is located in the town, the", "id": "22136670" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 173\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 173 (SC 173) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with U.S. Route 78 (US 78). SC 173 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville northeast to US 78. The predominant features along the route are homes and forest. Established as the second SC 173 in 1940, it traversed from US 15 in Grover east to US 78 near Ridgeville; the section between Ridgeville and US 78 was", "id": "22136291" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 16\n\n\nit connected the cities and towns of Ridgeway, Winnsboro, Chester, York, and Clover. In 1927, US 21 was assigned between Columbia and Chester; the following year SC 16 was removed from that section. In 1931, the first SC 16 was decommissioned when US 321 was assigned on the remaining route. The second SC 16 appeared in 1939 as a new primary routing between SC 48 east to US 76 in Columbia. In 1940, it was extended north from US 76 to SC 12. In 1948, the", "id": "4796568" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 207 (SC 207) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It is entirely within the boundaries of Chesterfield County and serves to connect the city of Pageland, South Carolina to the city of Monroe, North Carolina via North Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207). Starting at the intersection of Elm Street and McGregor Street (U.S. Route 601 (US 601) and SC 9), it travels northwest for to the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 207 towards", "id": "5806442" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 81\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 81 (SC 81) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects rural areas of McCormick County with Greenville, via Calhoun Falls, Iva, Homeland Park, and Anderson. SC 81 begins at an intersection with SC 28 east-southeast of Lethia within McCormick County. This intersection is within Sumter National Forest and just north of SC 28's crossing of Long Cane Creek. It travels to the northwest and curves to the west-southwest and travels through Lethia. It then", "id": "18281932" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 905\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 905 (NC 905) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves as part of an alternate route between Whiteville and Conway, South Carolina, through southeastern Columbus County. NC 905 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina line and South Carolina Highway 905 (SC 905) in Olyphic. Traveling north, it connects with NC 904 in Pireway. After its concurrency with NC 904, it continues solo for , connecting the communities of Bug Hill and", "id": "14981023" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nCarolina state line, near Earl. South Carolina reciprocate in 1930 with the establishment of SC 111 from the state line to Gaffney, which was later renumbered SC 18 in 1937. In 1929, NC 18 was extended north, replacing NC 67, through Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro, to US 21/NC 26 in Sparta. Also in 1929, NC 18 was rerouted south of Morganton going through the Sunnyside community and leaving behind Enola and Enola Road (SR 1922). In 1930, NC 18 was extended northeast along new", "id": "12715101" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 165\n\n\nit curves to the northwest to meet its northern terminus, and intersection with US 17 Alternate (N. Main Street) and Berkeley Circle. Established in 1939 as a new primary highway, SC 165 originally traversed from its current southern terminus to US 17 in Ravenel. This section has remained relatively unchanged; with an exception in Hollywood, where it was realigned in the 1980s, removing a concurrency with SC 162 and leaving Town Council Road. Around 1952, SC 165 was extended north on mostly new construction to Cooks Crossroads, where", "id": "6640073" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 19 (SC 19) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Aiken directly with the Savannah River Site and Edgefield via U.S. Route 25 (US 25). SC 19 operates as arterial four-lane highway from Aiken to the Savannah River Site; to its north, it is a two-lane rural highway to Trenton, where it connects with US 25 and SC 121. In Aiken's downtown area, SC 19 is signed, northbound along Chesterfield Street and Richland", "id": "16271414" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nover SC 200, and quickly SC 9 Business is out of downtown on E. Arch St. A half mile after crossing over SC 200, SC 9 Business ends at SC 9 Bypass. Other than Spartanburg, the City of Lancaster is the largest urban area SC 9 runs through before reaching the North Myrtle Beach area. Like all the numbered highways in Chester, SC 9 Business goes straight through downtown, and the bypass route makes a half-moon path around Chester. SC 9 Business shares a brief concurrency with US 321 Business", "id": "5557121" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\n), replacing US 29 Business (US 29 Bus.). In 2000, SC 20 was extended to its current northern terminus at Falls Park Drive (formerly Camperdown Way) just shy of US 123, replacing part of US 25 Bus. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn.) is a connector route, in concurrency with SC 28 Conn. It connects SC 20 with SC 28, north of Abbeville. The route is unsigned its entire length. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn) is a", "id": "19237181" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Its entire length runs through Union County and serves as the primary connector between the towns of Waxhaw, Mineral Springs, and Monroe. The route roughly parallels a CSX railroad line for its entire span. NC 75 starts at the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, near Hancock, South Carolina. In South Carolina, it continues as SC 75 for to SC 5, in Van Wyck. Heading east from the", "id": "5127428" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 137\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 137 (SC 137) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Norris with rural areas of Pickens, via Six Mile. SC 135 begins at an intersection with SC 93 (Norris Drive) in Norris, within Pickens County, where the roadway continues as East Jamison Street. It travels to the northwest and crosses over Twelve Mile Creek just north of Cateechee. In Six Mile, the highway intersects SC 133 (South Main Street). The two highways travel concurrently until", "id": "16201660" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 59\n\n\n24. The road heads on its northeast trajectory until it meets its northern terminus, an intersection with U.S. Route 76 (US 76), US 123, SC 28 in Seneca. Established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 181 and part of SC 182, SC 59 traversed from the Georgia state line to Fair Play, then north to Seneca ending at US 76/SC 13/SC 28. By 1963, SC 59 was truncated at I-85 due to Lake Hartwell submerging the route to Georgia. The portion south of", "id": "4730382" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects the city of Wadesboro with the towns of Oakboro and Chesterfield, South Carolina. NC 742 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, where continuing south on South Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) would lead to Chesterfield. In Wadesboro, it first runs concurrent with NC 109 before going through the downtown area. At the intersection of Caswell and Greene Streets,", "id": "4827585" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 68\n\n\n-lane configuration about north of the I-95 junction. Passing underneath I-95, SC 68 returns to a two-lane configuration as it enters Yemassee before terminating at an intersection with US 17 Alternate and US 21. Established in 1967 as a renumbering of SC 28, it has remained unchanged since. Prior to the current routing, SC 68 had two previous incarnations: In 1937-38 from Clio to the North Carolina state line (renumbered as SC 83), and in 1938-47 as a short highway spur from US", "id": "6817262" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the South Carolina state line to NC 274 near the unincorporated community of Tryon. NC 216 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, from Kings Mountain National Military Park; the road continues south towards the park as South Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216). Going north, it crosses over Interstate 85 then has a short overlap with", "id": "21201754" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 51\n\n\nroad that starts at US 21 near Fort Mill and ends at the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 51 through Pineville. The route is entirely two-lane, expanding to four lanes at the state line. Established as a new primary routing in 1926; the original routing ran from SC 40 (today as US 701) along Choppee Road (today as S-22-4) and Hemingway Highway (today as SC 261) to Hemingway then onto Florence, ending at SC 41 (today as US", "id": "9677788" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 18 (NC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Traveling north–south through the Foothills region, it connects the cities of Shelby, Morganton, Lenoir, Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro. NC 18 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that travels in western North Carolina. Starting as a continuation of SC 18, at the South Carolina state line near Earl, NC 18 travels north into Shelby, where it overlaps with NC 150 and crosses US 74/NC 226", "id": "12715094" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 93\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 93 (abbreviated S.C. Highway 93 or SC 93) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It runs from U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and SC 28 in Clemson northeast to US 123 in Easley. The highway begins at an interchange with the US 76/SC 28 concurrency and Old Greenville Highway east of downtown Clemson. West of this point, Old Greenville Highway passes through downtown Clemson and the campus of Clemson University and is signed as SC 93 though it is not officially", "id": "22146588" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 27 (SC 27) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with nearby highways. SC 27 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville south to the unincorporated community of Givhans to its south and highways U.S. Route 78 (US 78), Interstate 26 (I-26), and US 176 to its north. The predominant features along the route is farmland mixed with forest and swamps. Established as the second SC", "id": "22136168" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 48\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 48 (SC 48) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves southern Richland County and access to the Congaree National Park. SC 48 begins in downtown Columbia along Assembly Street. It traverses west, passing alongside the South Carolina State House and the University of South Carolina, before turning onto Rosewood Drive and then onto Bluff Road. After leaving the Columbia city limits, it continues through southeastern Richland County as a two-lane rural highway to U.S. Route 601 (US 601", "id": "12287717" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 310\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 310 (SC 310) is an long state highway in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a south-north orientation from Holly Hill north to Vance, and then northwest to its northern terminus, completely within Orangeburg County. SC 310 begins at an intersection with US 176 in Holly Hill. The route heads north to an intersection with SC 45, north of the city. The road continues north into the city of Vance, where it intersects SC 210. After", "id": "4731054" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 57\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 57 (SC 57) is a state highway in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a southeast-northwest orientation from the unincorporated community of Fork northwest through Dillon to Little Rock and then curves northeasterly to the North Carolina state line, north of Little Rock, all completely within Dillon County. SC 57 begins at an intersection with SC 41 and SC 41 Alternate in Fork. The route heads northeast through the town of Floydale until it enters Dillon. In town,", "id": "4796454" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nthe beachfront. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from SC 23 in Dillon, west to SC 10, in Enoree. By 1926, SC 9 was extended east to Lake View, then replacing SC 47 to Green Sea, then southeast on new primary routing to Little River. On its northern end, SC 9 rerouted from Kelly to SC 19, near Spartanburg, replacing SC 92. The route from Kelly to Enoree was renumbered SC 92. In 1927, SC 9 was rerouted between Pageland to", "id": "5557113" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 38\n\n\nconnected with the newly renumbered SC 38. NC 38 has not changed since. North Carolina Highway 771 (NC 771) first appeared as a new primary routing in 1930, traveling from US 311/NC 77, east of Winston-Salem, to US 421/NC 60, in Kernersville. In 1936, NC 771 was replaced by an extension of NC 150. The second NC 771 was established as new primary routing in 1936, from Hamlet to the South Carolina state line, where it continued as SC 96.", "id": "20812160" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\n72 via Central Avenue, Park Street and Glenn Street. SC 66 was established in 1934 as a new primary routing, traversing from SC 56 to US 76/SC 2 in Goldville (now Joanna). In 1941 or 1942, a second SC 66 was created, from SC 706 in Eisons Crossroads to the Newberry-Laurens county line. In 1948, the two sections of SC 66 were connected, and was also extended east into Whitmire replacing part of SC 706. South Carolina Highway 706 (SC 706) was", "id": "15134091" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 513\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 513 (SC 513) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through rural areas of Georgetown County. SC 513 begins at an intersection with SC 41/SC 51 (County Line Road) south-southwest of Hopewell, on the Williamsburg–Georgetown county line. It travels to the north-northeast, on the county line, and nearly immediately intersects the eastern terminus of SC 512 (Henry Road). The highway turns right onto Pleasant Hill Drive and travels to", "id": "17729308" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 66 (SC 66) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the community of Joanna with nearby SC 56 and the town of Whitmire. SC 66 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from SC 56 to SC 72 in Whitmire. It connects to U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and Interstate 26 (I-26). Predominantly in the Sumter National Forest, it meanders through forest lands; in Whitmire, it takes a couple of turns before reaching SC", "id": "15134090" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 60\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 60 (SC 60) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Irmo, connecting nearby Lake Murray and Harbison State Forest. SC 60 is a mostly four-lane with median suburban highway that travels from SC 6 to U.S. Route 176 (US 176), with an interchange with Interstate 26 (I-26)/US 76. SC 60 was established in 1929 as a new primary routing. The route has remained unchanged since inception, though its eastern endpoint was originally US", "id": "22092019" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 64\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 64 (SC 64) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the cities of Barnwell and Walterboro while also providing a direct route to Charleston, via U.S. Route 17 (US 17). SC 64 was established around 1926 as a new primary routing from SC 28 near Ellenton, to SC 6/SC 301 near Ruffin. In 1928, SC 64 was extended east to US 17 in Walterboro, replacing part of SC 6. Around 1930, SC 64 was extended", "id": "22114149" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\n, US 176 was assigned to SC 19 from Newberry to the North Carolina state line; the following year it was removed from the overlap. Also in 1928, SC 19 was extended south, replacing part of SC 27 to US 1/US 78 in Aiken. In 1929 or 1930, SC 19 was extended south (again) to SC 28 north of Ellenton. Around 1952, the Savannah River Site was established; which removed of highway in what is now a restricted area. By 1955, SC 19 was widened", "id": "16271416" } ]

[ { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 200 (SC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Winnsboro, Great Falls, and Lancaster. SC 200 is mostly a rural two-lane highway, traversing northwest from Winnsboro, through Great Falls and Lancaster, to the North Carolina state line. Established in 1937 as a renumbering part of SC 93 to match NC 200; it originally traversed from US 521 to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 200 was extended to its", "id": "18356164" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 903\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 903 (SC 903) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Lancaster to Darlington, Florence, and the Grand Strand. SC 903 is a two-lane rural highway, from Catarrh to Lancaster. Control cities listed southbound include Myrtle Beach. Established either in 1929 or 1930 as a new primary routing, it traversed from SC 35 in Catarrh to SC 9 in Midway. In 1949, SC 903 was extended north to its current northern terminus in Lancaster, replacing an", "id": "22013136" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 99\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 99 (SC 99) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Great Falls with rural areas of Chester County. SC 99 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and SC 200 (Pendergrass Boulevard) in Great Falls within Chester County. It travels to the northwest. On the edge of the city limits of the town is an intersection with SC 97 (Francis Avenue). They have a very brief concurrency. SC 99 travels in a north", "id": "16138937" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Chesterfield with Wadesboro, North Carolina. SC 742 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 145, near Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. The road continues into North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) towards Wadesboro. It was established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 850 and to match NC 742, little has changed since. SC 850 was established in", "id": "21845915" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nlane road from Charlotte Avenue to US 74 and a six-lane divided highway on its concurrency with US 74 and US 601. Established in 1930, it traveled from Monroe at US 74/NC 20/NC 25/NC 151 south to the South Carolina state line where it changed into SC 93 (renumbered to SC 200 in 1937). Between 1931-36, NC 200 was realigned north of Old Highway Road near Jackson. In 1936, the highway was extended north via Franklin Street, Church Street, Winchester", "id": "799956" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\n. The first SC 161 appeared in 1923 as a new primary routing from SC 16 in Eau Claire to SC 22. It was extended northwest by 1926 to SC 7 in Leeds. In 1928, the entire route was renumbered as part of SC 215. The current SC 161 was established in 1930 as a new primary route, it originally traversed from SC 16 (today US 321) to the North Carolina state line, continuing as North Carolina Highway 215 (renumbered in 1937 to NC 161). In 1959, SC", "id": "12487687" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 109\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 109 (SC 109) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 109 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from SC 145 through Ruby and Mount Croghan, to the North Carolina state line. SC 109 was established in either 1937 or 1938 as a new primary route from SC 9 in Mount Croghan to the North Carolina state line. In 1939, it was extended south to SC 85. In", "id": "21845959" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 177 (SC 177) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the community of Wallace with Hamlet, North Carolina. SC 177 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from Wallace at SC 9 to the North Carolina state line. The highway was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 77, little has changed since. Two predecessors existed before the current SC 177 came to existence. The first appeared from 1930-1936 as a new primary routing from U.S.", "id": "21845185" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 79 (SC 79) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects communities in western Marlboro County. SC 79 is a two-lane rural highway, traversing from SC 9 to the North Carolina state line where the road continues in Gibson, North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 79. Originally established in 1937 as a new primary route, it connected U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Denmark, to Voorhees College. In 1938, it was replaced by SC 68,", "id": "21700754" }, { "contents": "Winnsboro, South Carolina\n\n\nand south to Columbia. SC 34 leads southeast to Ridgeway and west to Newberry. SC 200 leads northeast to Great Falls. The unincorporated community of Winnsboro Mills borders the south side of Winnsboro. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Winnsboro has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,564 people, 1,454 households, and 984 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,109.6 people per square mile (428.9/km²). There were 1,597 housing", "id": "9585095" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 34\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 34 (SC 34) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As one of the longer state highways, it traverses the state east-west from Greenwood to Dillon, connecting the cities of Newberry, Winnsboro, Camden, Bishopville and Darlington. SC 34 begins as a hidden highway in downtown Greenwood, at the intersection of Main Street and Maxwell Avenue. On city and state official maps, SC 34 is on an east parallel to U.S. Route 25 Business (US 25 Bus.", "id": "13565724" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 385\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 385 (SC 385) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Bennettsville with northern Marlboro County. SC 385 is a two-lane (mostly) rural highway, traverses from Bennettsville north to SC 79, near the North Carolina state line. The first SC 385 appeared around 1941-42 as a new primary route from SC 341 to U.S. Route 15 (US 15)/SC 34. In 1948, it was downgraded to a secondary road. The current SC", "id": "21700661" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill and Gastonia, North Carolina. Though it generally runs in a north-south fashion, it is signed west-east. SC 274 is mostly a four-lane suburban highway that traverses , from the North Carolina state line, where the road continues north as North Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274), to downtown Rock Hill at SC 322. Established in 1937 as a", "id": "18047413" }, { "contents": "Interstate 77 in South Carolina\n\n\nthe town of Ridgeway and passes under the NS R-Line. The freeway passes to the east of Winnsboro, which is accessed via SC 34 or the next interchange with Road 41. I-77 has junction with Road 20 and SC 200 near Mitford before entering Chester County. The freeway has an interchange with SC 97 (Great Falls Road), which connects the county seat of Chester to the west with the town of Great Falls to the east. Great Falls is where the Piedmont-based Catawba River reaches the Fall Line", "id": "7110295" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 522\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 522 (SC 522) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect communities in central Lancaster County. SC 522 is a two-lane rural highway, from Liberty Hill to the North Carolina state line, near Sapps Crossroads. It is similar to a Farm-to-market road that it provides no real destination for travelers, but does provides access to farmland in central Lancaster County. Originally established in either 1937 or 1938, it was a new primary route", "id": "22034481" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 381 (SC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the towns in eastern Marlboro County. SC 381 traverses from Blenheim at SC 38 to the North Carolina state line where it continues as North Carolina Highway 381 into Gibson, North Carolina. As a two-lane rural highway, it connects the towns of Clio and McColl. The highway was established in 1930 as a new primary route from SC 38 in Blenheim to SC 9 in Clio. In 1931 or", "id": "21652315" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 381 (NC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Hamlet and Gibson. NC 381 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from the South Carolina state line in Gibson to U.S. Route 74 Business near Hamlet. The highway is flanked with farms and has little traffic. Established in 1940 as a renumbering of NC 78 when the route was extended to the South Carolina state line, connecting with SC 381; remained unchanged since inception.", "id": "8146479" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 75 (SC 75) is an state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The road is a mainly rural road. Its eastern terminus at the North Carolina state line at North Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75). SC 75 is a road for most of its existence, as it is here. After running for two miles (3 km) through the tip of Lancaster County, SC 75 overlaps U.S. Route 521 (US 521), running south. From Hancock, the road continues on", "id": "20072879" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 702\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 702 (SC 702) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Greenwood State Park. SC 702 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from SC 246 between Ninety Six and Coronaca, to SC 39 north of Saluda. The current routing of SC 702 was created by 1952 and has remained unchanged since. It was originally established in 1940 as a loop off SC 7 west of Greenwood. By 1942, SC 702 was extended east", "id": "21868670" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 21\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 21 (NC 21) was a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. At its height, it traversed from the South Carolina state line to Raleigh, connecting the cities of Fayetteville, and Lillington. Established as an original state highway, it traversed from the South Carolina state line (continuing as SC 47 to Lake View) north through Lumberton, Fayetteville, and Lillington before ending at NC 10, in Raleigh. In 1925, NC 21 was rerouted south of Fayetteville, replacing NC 22", "id": "18985691" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 265\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 265 (SC 265) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Jefferson with the cities of Kershaw and Chesterfield. SC 265 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 601 (US 601) north of Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. The highway was established in 1928 as a new primary routing from SC 26 in Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. In 1940, it was extended southwest to SC 97 in Liberty Hill. In 1948", "id": "21903505" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 55\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 55 (SC 55) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Clover to Blacksburg, Rock Hill, and Charlotte, North Carolina. SC 55 is a rural two-lane highway, with a median in and around Clover; between Clover and Lake Wylie, it is also paralleled by a major transmission line. It traverses from SC 5 near Kings Creek, to SC 49/SC 274 near Lake Wylie. Travelers to and from Charlotte would connect through", "id": "12594781" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 18 (SC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the cities of Union, Gaffney and Shelby, North Carolina. SC 18 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Fredrick Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 18 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of SC 111, from U.S. Route 29 (US 29) in Gaffney, to the North Carolina state line.", "id": "14222860" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 150\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 150 (SC 150) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Pacolet and Gaffney with the more rural areas of Spartanburg and Cherokee counties. SC 150 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Limestone Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 150 was established in 1940 as a renumbering of part of SC 103, from SC 18 in Gaffney to the North Carolina state line. In 1960-", "id": "14125945" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 223\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 223 (SC 223) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector between Richburg and Landsford Canal State Park. SC 223 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 9 and SC 901 outside of Richburg to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) in the community of Landsford and Landsford Canal State Park. The first SC 223 appeared from 1939-1940 as a spur off SC 22, renumbered as an extension of SC 901. The current SC", "id": "12079569" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the Kings Mountain National Military Park to North Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) at the North Carolina state line. SC 216 is a short two-lane rural highway in the northeast corner of Cherokee County. At its southern terminus at the Kings Mountain National Military Park entrance, the road continues east park-maintained towards York County and SC 161. SC 216 passes through a", "id": "21201795" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 215\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 215 (SC 215) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route to Union from either Columbia or Spartanburg. SC 215 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Columbia to Spartanburg; connecting Jenkinsville, Carlisle, Union, and Roebuck. It was established in 1928 as a renumbering of SC 121 and SC 161. It originally traveled from U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Aiken, northeast through Wagener, Pelion, Edmund, and", "id": "21764584" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 557\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 557 (SC 557) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector route between Clover and Lake Wylie. SC 557 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 55 near Clover to SC 49/SC 274 in Lake Wylie. The highway provides travelers a more direct route to and from Charlotte. Though it runs physically west-to-east, it is signed as a north-south highway with its western end as its southern terminus and", "id": "18047294" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is entirely in the boundaries of Union County and serves to connect the city of Monroe to the city of Pageland, South Carolina, at the South Carolina state line via SC 207. From the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, NC 207 is a two-lane rural highway traversing north through rolling hills of farmland. Once it enters Monroe city limits, it becomes Haynes Street, where it connects several", "id": "19757200" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nLancaster on a more southern route, avoiding the Tradesville area; The old alignment was briefly downgraded to secondary before being renumbered as SC 906. In 1933, SC 9 was realigned on a straight path from Loris to Little River; most of the old route was downgraded to secondary, with exception to Wampee and eastward becoming SC 90. In 1936, SC 9 was extended north through Spartanburg and Boiling Springs to its current northern terminus at the North Carolina state line; replacing SC 177. In 1940, SC 9 was extended", "id": "5557114" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 5\n\n\nroute from both US 521 and I-85 to both York and Rock Hill. Established as an original state highway, SC 5 originally traveled from SC 9 in Fort Lawn, through Rock Hill and York, to SC 8 in Blacksburg. In 1929 or 1930, SC 5 was extended south along new primary routing to SC 22 in Great Falls. In 1938, SC 5 was extended on both directions, connecting north to SC 18 and south to US 21 in Ridgeway. In 1939, SC 5 reached its longest length with its", "id": "22182862" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\ncounty, crosses over part of Lake Wateree, and enters Liberty Hill. There, it has an intersection with the western terminus of SC 522 (Stoneboro Road). A short distance later, it enters Lancaster County. It continues traveling through rural areas until it intersects SC 200 (Great Falls Highway). The two highways travel concurrently to the west. Almost immediately, they cross over the Catawba River on the Tom G. Mangum Bridge, where they enter Chester County. This bridge is just south of the Fishing Creek Dam", "id": "15954610" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 248\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 248 (SC 248) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Ninety Six National Historic Site. SC 248 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Epworth at U.S. Route 178 (US 178) to Ninety Six at SC 34/SC 246. Established in 1940, it is the second SC 248 and has remained unchanged since inception. The first SC 248 was established by 1930 as a renumbering of SC 151 from US 29", "id": "21840646" }, { "contents": "Ridgeway, South Carolina\n\n\n). U.S. Route 21 passes through the towns, leading north to Great Falls and south to Columbia. South Carolina Highway 34 leads west to Interstate 77 and east to Lugoff. Winnsboro, the county seat, is to the northwest via SC 34. According to the United States Census Bureau, Ridgeway has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 328 people, 138 households, and 96 families residing in the town. The population density was 692.7 people per square mile", "id": "9585082" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects rural areas of Lincoln and Gaston counties to Gastonia. NC 274 was established in 1930 as a new primary routing, from NC 27 to U.S. Route 74 (US 74) and NC 20 (now NC 161) in Bessemer City. Around 1938, it was extended southeast to its current southern terminus at the South Carolina state line, where it continues as South Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274).", "id": "18047645" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 39\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 39 (SC 39) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects various rural communities and towns from the southwest to the northwest sections of the state. SC 39 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from the Savannah River Site to U.S. Route 221 (US 221) south of Laurens. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, traveling from SC 12, in Monetta, to SC 21, in Edgefield. In 1923, SC 39 was extended in", "id": "22043911" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 909\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 909 (SC 909) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities of northern Chester County. SC 909 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in Lowrys to SC 9 near Richburg. The route zig-zags in northern Chester County connecting small communities, and provides access to the Chester Catawba Regional Airport. Established in 1940 as a new primary routing, it originally traversed from SC 9 to US 21 in Lewis", "id": "12654301" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nwhich later became a secondary road by 1948. The current SC 79 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of part of SC 38, from Bennettsville to the North Carolina state line. Between 1967 and 1970, SC 79 was rerouted and replaced SC 383 to SC 9; the old alignment became SC 385. South Carolina Highway 383 (SC 383) was established by 1937 as new primary routing from SC 9 near Bennettsville to SC 79 near Gibson, North Carolina. It was renumbered as part of SC 79 by 1970.", "id": "21700755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 213\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 213 (SC 213) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through mostly rural areas of Newberry and Fairfield counties. It also connects Jenkinsville and the Winnsboro area. SC 213 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 176 (US 176) southeast of Pomaria within Newberry County, where the roadway continues as Parr Road. It travels to the east and crosses over Crims Creek. A short distance later, the highway crosses over the Broad River, Hampton Island and some railroad", "id": "16629962" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 145 (SC 145) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 145 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from U.S. Route 1 (US 1) near McBee, through the county seat of Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It also passes through forest and wildlife refuge areas. The entire route has been officially named the Carolinas Sandhills Parkway by the State of South Carolina. The first", "id": "21845728" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 200 (NC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south from the South Carolina state line near the community of JAARS, to US 601 near Concord. NC 200 traverses , starting at the South Carolina state line, through the city of Monroe, and the towns of Stanfield and Locust, before ending at US 601 near Concord. For its length, it is a two-lane rural highway except in Monroe where it is a four-", "id": "799955" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 151\n\n\n29 (US 29)/SC 15 in Anderson, to SC 20 in Williamston. By 1930, it was renumbered as SC 248. The current SC 151 was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 35 from Darlington to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 151 truncated at SC 9 in Pageland, its route north to the state line replaced by US 601. By 1958, SC 151 replaced SC 151 Alternate, bypassing Hartsville. In 1983, SC 151 was extended and bypassed east of Pageland, to its current", "id": "21952570" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 161 (SC 161) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill, York, and Kings Mountain, North Carolina. SC 161 is a multi-lane highway, traversing from U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and Interstate 77 (I-77), through the northern part of Rock Hill and north around York, to the back entrance area of Kings Mountain State Park and Kings Mountain National Military Park, and ends at the North Carolina state line", "id": "12487686" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 403\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 403 (SC 403) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Timmonsville and the surrounding rural area with the cities of Lake City and Hartsville. SC 403 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for beginning north of Lake City, along SC 341. Going through a northeasterly direction to Hobbs Crossroads, it then goes north to Sardis. Connecting with Interstate 95 (I-95) north of Sardis, it continues north connecting with U.S. Route 76 (US", "id": "22010317" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 212\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 212 (SC 212) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Williams by connecting it with nearby highways. SC 212 is a two-lane rural highway that connects the town of Williams between SC 64 and U.S. Route 21 (US 21). Within Williams, it intersects SC 362 at its eastern terminus. Established around 1938 as a new primary routing as a spur from US 21 to Williams. In 1940, it was extended south to its current", "id": "22114289" }, { "contents": "U.S. Route 521\n\n\nknown as Camden Highway. It passes under I-20 and proceeds to Camden. It then goes on to the town of Kershaw, running concurrent with US 601. The final city it goes through before going into North Carolina is Lancaster. US 521 traverses from the South Carolina state line to Interstate 485. The entire route is a four to six-lane divided highway, split in naming between Lancaster Highway and Johnston Road. Established in 1932, it was overlapped entirely with SC 26, from Georgetown to the North Carolina state line", "id": "21139357" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 83\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 83 (NC 83) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves to connect the towns of Maxton and Clio, South Carolina. NC 83 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line and goes north to end at NC 130 in Seven Bridges. The highway is flanked by both farmland and swamps. NC 83 was established in 1937 as a new primary routing from US 501 to the South Carolina state line, where it continues as SC", "id": "5127960" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 72\n\n\nas a renumbering of SC 7; it traversed from the Georgia state line, near Calhoun Falls, to US 21 in Chester. In 1950, it was extended northeast to US 21/SC 5 in Rock Hill, which replaced part of US 21. In 1951 or 1952, its routing was adjusted west of Greenwood replacing SC 702 and leaving Old Abbeville Highway (S-1-3 and S-24-1). In 1954, SC 72 was placed on bypass south and east around Chester; its old alignment became a business", "id": "7621861" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 198\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 198 (SC 198) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the town of Blacksburg at Interstate 85 (I-85) exit 102 and the northern terminus of SC 5 with the town of Earl, North Carolina by way of North Carolina Highway 198 (NC 198). Though it physically runs north and south, internal SCDOT data and the only signage of SC 198 at the I-85 / SC 5 intersection indicates that it runs east–west. A two-lane rural", "id": "18046947" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 246\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 246 (SC 246) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities and towns in eastern Greenwood County. SC 246 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Friendship to Hodges; connecting the town of Ninety Six and the communities of Coronaca and Cokesbury. The highway also provides access to Star Fort Pond, at Ninety Six National Historic Site, via Kinard Road (S-24-27). Established in 1930 as a replacement for part of SC 24", "id": "21868609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSC 145 appeared in 1941 or 1942 as a new primary route from SC 644 to US 15 north of Walterboro. In 1948, it was downgraded to secondary status, known today as McLeod Road. The current SC 145 was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 85; little has changed since. South Carolina Highway 85 (SC 85) was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 95, it traveled from US 1, near McBee, through Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It was renumbered to", "id": "21845729" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 157\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 157 (SC 157) is a state highway in the Sandhills region of South Carolina. Though it physically runs west to east, it is signed as a north-south road. Its southern terminus at its westernmost point at SC 341 in Kershaw, Lancaster County and its northern terminus (eastern end) at SC 346 about west of Catarrh in rural Kershaw County. SC 157 begins at an intersection with Marion Street and Minor Street in eastern Kershaw. From this point, SC 341 travels west on Marion Street", "id": "17035715" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 45\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 45 (SC 45) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as the main thoroughfare in northern Berkeley County. Established as an original state highway in 1922, it traversed from SC 41 in St. Stephen to SC 31 in St. Matthews. Around 1926, SC 45 was truncated west of St. Stephen along a new alignment of SC 41 (current U.S. Route 52 or US 52). By 1931, SC 45 was extended west on new primary routing to SC 24 in", "id": "22162620" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 781\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 781 (SC 781) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It is used as part of a bypass south of Aiken, between Augusta and Williston, in conjunction with U.S. Route 278 (US 278). SC 781 is a two-lane rural connector highway between US 278 and US 78. Established in 1940 as a new primary route, it traversed from SC 28 in Beech Island east to US 78 west of Williston. In 1953, SC 781 was truncated to its", "id": "15556341" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 49\n\n\nLake Wylie. Established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 163, it ran from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in York to the North Carolina state line in Lake Wylie. In 1956, SC 49 was extended southwest to its current southern terminus at US 221 in Watts Mills replacing SC 91 from York to Monarch, SC 92 from Monarch to Cross Anchor, and SC 30 from Cross Anchor to Watts Mills. In 1960 or 1961, SC 49 was rerouted from Lockhart to Mount Tabor. At an unknown date,", "id": "21332808" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 914\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 914 (SC 914) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Lancaster and Springdale, via Lancaster Mill. SC 914 begins at an intersection with SC 9 Business (SC 9 Bus.; West Meeting Street) on the Lancaster–Lancaster Mill line, within Lancaster County. It travels to the southeast and immediately enters Lancaster Mill proper and curves to the south-southeast. Just after Old Landsford Road, it crosses over some railroad tracks. One block later, at", "id": "18102740" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 211\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 211 (SC 211) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway serves the rural areas of southern Cherokee and western York counties. SC 211 is a two-lane rural highway. The highway begins at SC 150, north of Pacolet in Cherokee County, going easterly along Asbury Road to Asbury, where it connects with SC 18. Splitting from SC 18 onto Gowdeysville Road, it connects with SC 105 in Saratt. Solo again, when it splits from SC 105 with", "id": "14126145" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 20 (SC 20) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Abbeville, Belton, Williamston and Greenville. The highway is signed as a west-east highway though it physically runs south-to-north. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from the Georgia state line to SC 8 (Guess Street/Green Avenue) in Greenville; connecting McCormick, Abbeville, Due West, Honea Path, Belton, and Williamston.", "id": "19237178" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 555\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 555 (SC 555) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route from downtown Columbia to Blythewood. SC 555 traverses from SC 12 in downtown Columbia to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) near Blythewood. Before Interstate 77 (I-77) was completed in the area, SC 555 served as a major thoroughfare; today it is an alternate route. The highway is four lanes south of I-77 and two lanes north of it. The highway was established in", "id": "3546072" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nrenumbering of SC 12, it originally ran from US 521 to the North Carolina state line in Hancock. By 1964, SC 75 was extended to its current western terminus at SC 5 in Van Wyck, replacing part of SC 504. South Carolina Highway 75 Truck (Truck SC 75) is a truck route of SC 75 bypassing Van Wyck. When SC 75 merges off from US 521 near Van Wyck, Truck SC 75 begins and follows US 521 until an interchange with SC 5. Truck Route 75 then follows SC 5", "id": "20072881" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 37\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 37 (SC 37) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It provides a direct route between Barnwell and Springfield. SC 37 is a two-lane rural highway that travels between U.S. Route 278 (US 278) and SC 39, with a connection with US 78 in Elko. SC 37 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 1, in Barnwell, to SC 27, in Williston. In 1923, SC 37 was rerouted", "id": "16526209" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nRoute 176 (US 176)/SC 10 in Spartanburg to the North Carolina state line; it eventually became part of SC 9. The second appeared from 1938-1951 as a new primary routing from US 176 southeast of Pomaria to US 76/SC 2 near Ballentine. It was adjusted twice, in 1948 extending and replacing SC 664, and in 1950 shifting to meet with US 176/SC 121 split. It was eventually renumbered as an extension of US 176. South Carolina Highway 77 (SC 77) was established in 1937", "id": "21845186" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 97 (SC 97) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Camden, Great Falls, Chester, and Hickory Grove. SC 97 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 521 (US 521)/US 601 (Broad Street) in Camden within Kershaw County, northeast of the Camden Country Club. The highway travels to the northwest and meets US 521 Truck/US 601 Truck (Boykin Road) just before leaving the city limits of Camden. It travels through rural areas of the", "id": "15954609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 121\n\n\n, where US 21 continues north towards Fort Mill, while also connecting with SC 322. SC 121 had two previous stents in the state before its current routing was established. The first SC 121 was established in 1925 or 1926 as a new primary routing; it traversed from SC 27 in Aiken, northeast through Wagener and Pelion, to SC 2/SC 12 in Springdale. In 1928, it was renumbered as SC 215. The second SC 121 was established in 1929 or 1930 as new primary routing; it traversed from", "id": "4644891" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 901\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 901 (SC 901) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a slower alternate rural route to Interstate 77 (I-77) and the western bypass of Rock Hill. SC 901 begins along SC 200 near I-77. Going north, it hovers to the west and then east of I-77 and then passes through Richburg. After entering York County, it has its own interchange with I-77, then proceeds to form the western bypass of Rock Hill. It is a two-", "id": "16644755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\n27 around 1931, it traversed from SC 65 (current SC 61) in Givhans, to US 78 east of Ridgeville. In 1940, it was rerouted north from Ridgeville to US 78 and then spur up to the Berkeley County line. In 1941 or 1942, SC 27 was extended north into Berkeley County to SC 31 (current US 176). The first SC 27 was an original state highway; established in 1922, it traversed from SC 21 in Trenton, south to Aiken, then east through Williston, Blackville", "id": "22136169" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nAvenue (on state maps, it is officially SC 19 Connector); while SC 19 southbound travels along Laurens Street/Park Avenue onto Chesterfield Street. SC 19 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 2 in Newberry, north through Whitmire, Union, Spartanburg, Inman and Landrum, to the North Carolina state line continuing as NC 19. In 1923, it was extended south on new primary routing, through Saluda, to SC 21/SC 27 in Trenton. In 1927", "id": "16271415" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 179\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 179 (SC 179) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It travels from Little River to the North Carolina state line, near Calabash. One of the shortest state highways in the state, SC 179 starts at U.S. Route 17 (US 17) in Little River and travels to the North Carolina state line. The route continues on as NC 179, connecting the towns of Calabash, Sunset Beach, and Ocean Isle Beach. The entire route is two lanes wide with brief", "id": "6284330" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 47\n\n\nwas an original state highway (1922) that traversed from SC 40 in Green Sea, northwest through Nichols and Lake View, before entering North Carolina. By 1926 was renumbered to SC 94. SC 47 Truck in Elloree begins at Felderville Road (S-38-81) then onto Snider Street (S-38-1023); at Main Street, it goes back northwest, in concurrency with SC 6/SC 267, reuniting with SC 47 at its northern terminus. A Food Lion distribution center is located in the town, the", "id": "22136670" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 173\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 173 (SC 173) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with U.S. Route 78 (US 78). SC 173 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville northeast to US 78. The predominant features along the route are homes and forest. Established as the second SC 173 in 1940, it traversed from US 15 in Grover east to US 78 near Ridgeville; the section between Ridgeville and US 78 was", "id": "22136291" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 16\n\n\nit connected the cities and towns of Ridgeway, Winnsboro, Chester, York, and Clover. In 1927, US 21 was assigned between Columbia and Chester; the following year SC 16 was removed from that section. In 1931, the first SC 16 was decommissioned when US 321 was assigned on the remaining route. The second SC 16 appeared in 1939 as a new primary routing between SC 48 east to US 76 in Columbia. In 1940, it was extended north from US 76 to SC 12. In 1948, the", "id": "4796568" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 207 (SC 207) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It is entirely within the boundaries of Chesterfield County and serves to connect the city of Pageland, South Carolina to the city of Monroe, North Carolina via North Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207). Starting at the intersection of Elm Street and McGregor Street (U.S. Route 601 (US 601) and SC 9), it travels northwest for to the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 207 towards", "id": "5806442" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 81\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 81 (SC 81) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects rural areas of McCormick County with Greenville, via Calhoun Falls, Iva, Homeland Park, and Anderson. SC 81 begins at an intersection with SC 28 east-southeast of Lethia within McCormick County. This intersection is within Sumter National Forest and just north of SC 28's crossing of Long Cane Creek. It travels to the northwest and curves to the west-southwest and travels through Lethia. It then", "id": "18281932" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 905\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 905 (NC 905) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves as part of an alternate route between Whiteville and Conway, South Carolina, through southeastern Columbus County. NC 905 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina line and South Carolina Highway 905 (SC 905) in Olyphic. Traveling north, it connects with NC 904 in Pireway. After its concurrency with NC 904, it continues solo for , connecting the communities of Bug Hill and", "id": "14981023" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nCarolina state line, near Earl. South Carolina reciprocate in 1930 with the establishment of SC 111 from the state line to Gaffney, which was later renumbered SC 18 in 1937. In 1929, NC 18 was extended north, replacing NC 67, through Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro, to US 21/NC 26 in Sparta. Also in 1929, NC 18 was rerouted south of Morganton going through the Sunnyside community and leaving behind Enola and Enola Road (SR 1922). In 1930, NC 18 was extended northeast along new", "id": "12715101" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 165\n\n\nit curves to the northwest to meet its northern terminus, and intersection with US 17 Alternate (N. Main Street) and Berkeley Circle. Established in 1939 as a new primary highway, SC 165 originally traversed from its current southern terminus to US 17 in Ravenel. This section has remained relatively unchanged; with an exception in Hollywood, where it was realigned in the 1980s, removing a concurrency with SC 162 and leaving Town Council Road. Around 1952, SC 165 was extended north on mostly new construction to Cooks Crossroads, where", "id": "6640073" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 19 (SC 19) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Aiken directly with the Savannah River Site and Edgefield via U.S. Route 25 (US 25). SC 19 operates as arterial four-lane highway from Aiken to the Savannah River Site; to its north, it is a two-lane rural highway to Trenton, where it connects with US 25 and SC 121. In Aiken's downtown area, SC 19 is signed, northbound along Chesterfield Street and Richland", "id": "16271414" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nover SC 200, and quickly SC 9 Business is out of downtown on E. Arch St. A half mile after crossing over SC 200, SC 9 Business ends at SC 9 Bypass. Other than Spartanburg, the City of Lancaster is the largest urban area SC 9 runs through before reaching the North Myrtle Beach area. Like all the numbered highways in Chester, SC 9 Business goes straight through downtown, and the bypass route makes a half-moon path around Chester. SC 9 Business shares a brief concurrency with US 321 Business", "id": "5557121" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\n), replacing US 29 Business (US 29 Bus.). In 2000, SC 20 was extended to its current northern terminus at Falls Park Drive (formerly Camperdown Way) just shy of US 123, replacing part of US 25 Bus. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn.) is a connector route, in concurrency with SC 28 Conn. It connects SC 20 with SC 28, north of Abbeville. The route is unsigned its entire length. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn) is a", "id": "19237181" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Its entire length runs through Union County and serves as the primary connector between the towns of Waxhaw, Mineral Springs, and Monroe. The route roughly parallels a CSX railroad line for its entire span. NC 75 starts at the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, near Hancock, South Carolina. In South Carolina, it continues as SC 75 for to SC 5, in Van Wyck. Heading east from the", "id": "5127428" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 137\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 137 (SC 137) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Norris with rural areas of Pickens, via Six Mile. SC 135 begins at an intersection with SC 93 (Norris Drive) in Norris, within Pickens County, where the roadway continues as East Jamison Street. It travels to the northwest and crosses over Twelve Mile Creek just north of Cateechee. In Six Mile, the highway intersects SC 133 (South Main Street). The two highways travel concurrently until", "id": "16201660" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 59\n\n\n24. The road heads on its northeast trajectory until it meets its northern terminus, an intersection with U.S. Route 76 (US 76), US 123, SC 28 in Seneca. Established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 181 and part of SC 182, SC 59 traversed from the Georgia state line to Fair Play, then north to Seneca ending at US 76/SC 13/SC 28. By 1963, SC 59 was truncated at I-85 due to Lake Hartwell submerging the route to Georgia. The portion south of", "id": "4730382" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects the city of Wadesboro with the towns of Oakboro and Chesterfield, South Carolina. NC 742 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, where continuing south on South Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) would lead to Chesterfield. In Wadesboro, it first runs concurrent with NC 109 before going through the downtown area. At the intersection of Caswell and Greene Streets,", "id": "4827585" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 68\n\n\n-lane configuration about north of the I-95 junction. Passing underneath I-95, SC 68 returns to a two-lane configuration as it enters Yemassee before terminating at an intersection with US 17 Alternate and US 21. Established in 1967 as a renumbering of SC 28, it has remained unchanged since. Prior to the current routing, SC 68 had two previous incarnations: In 1937-38 from Clio to the North Carolina state line (renumbered as SC 83), and in 1938-47 as a short highway spur from US", "id": "6817262" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the South Carolina state line to NC 274 near the unincorporated community of Tryon. NC 216 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, from Kings Mountain National Military Park; the road continues south towards the park as South Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216). Going north, it crosses over Interstate 85 then has a short overlap with", "id": "21201754" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 51\n\n\nroad that starts at US 21 near Fort Mill and ends at the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 51 through Pineville. The route is entirely two-lane, expanding to four lanes at the state line. Established as a new primary routing in 1926; the original routing ran from SC 40 (today as US 701) along Choppee Road (today as S-22-4) and Hemingway Highway (today as SC 261) to Hemingway then onto Florence, ending at SC 41 (today as US", "id": "9677788" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 18 (NC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Traveling north–south through the Foothills region, it connects the cities of Shelby, Morganton, Lenoir, Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro. NC 18 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that travels in western North Carolina. Starting as a continuation of SC 18, at the South Carolina state line near Earl, NC 18 travels north into Shelby, where it overlaps with NC 150 and crosses US 74/NC 226", "id": "12715094" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 93\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 93 (abbreviated S.C. Highway 93 or SC 93) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It runs from U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and SC 28 in Clemson northeast to US 123 in Easley. The highway begins at an interchange with the US 76/SC 28 concurrency and Old Greenville Highway east of downtown Clemson. West of this point, Old Greenville Highway passes through downtown Clemson and the campus of Clemson University and is signed as SC 93 though it is not officially", "id": "22146588" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 27 (SC 27) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with nearby highways. SC 27 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville south to the unincorporated community of Givhans to its south and highways U.S. Route 78 (US 78), Interstate 26 (I-26), and US 176 to its north. The predominant features along the route is farmland mixed with forest and swamps. Established as the second SC", "id": "22136168" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 48\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 48 (SC 48) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves southern Richland County and access to the Congaree National Park. SC 48 begins in downtown Columbia along Assembly Street. It traverses west, passing alongside the South Carolina State House and the University of South Carolina, before turning onto Rosewood Drive and then onto Bluff Road. After leaving the Columbia city limits, it continues through southeastern Richland County as a two-lane rural highway to U.S. Route 601 (US 601", "id": "12287717" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 310\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 310 (SC 310) is an long state highway in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a south-north orientation from Holly Hill north to Vance, and then northwest to its northern terminus, completely within Orangeburg County. SC 310 begins at an intersection with US 176 in Holly Hill. The route heads north to an intersection with SC 45, north of the city. The road continues north into the city of Vance, where it intersects SC 210. After", "id": "4731054" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 57\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 57 (SC 57) is a state highway in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a southeast-northwest orientation from the unincorporated community of Fork northwest through Dillon to Little Rock and then curves northeasterly to the North Carolina state line, north of Little Rock, all completely within Dillon County. SC 57 begins at an intersection with SC 41 and SC 41 Alternate in Fork. The route heads northeast through the town of Floydale until it enters Dillon. In town,", "id": "4796454" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nthe beachfront. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from SC 23 in Dillon, west to SC 10, in Enoree. By 1926, SC 9 was extended east to Lake View, then replacing SC 47 to Green Sea, then southeast on new primary routing to Little River. On its northern end, SC 9 rerouted from Kelly to SC 19, near Spartanburg, replacing SC 92. The route from Kelly to Enoree was renumbered SC 92. In 1927, SC 9 was rerouted between Pageland to", "id": "5557113" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 38\n\n\nconnected with the newly renumbered SC 38. NC 38 has not changed since. North Carolina Highway 771 (NC 771) first appeared as a new primary routing in 1930, traveling from US 311/NC 77, east of Winston-Salem, to US 421/NC 60, in Kernersville. In 1936, NC 771 was replaced by an extension of NC 150. The second NC 771 was established as new primary routing in 1936, from Hamlet to the South Carolina state line, where it continued as SC 96.", "id": "20812160" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\n72 via Central Avenue, Park Street and Glenn Street. SC 66 was established in 1934 as a new primary routing, traversing from SC 56 to US 76/SC 2 in Goldville (now Joanna). In 1941 or 1942, a second SC 66 was created, from SC 706 in Eisons Crossroads to the Newberry-Laurens county line. In 1948, the two sections of SC 66 were connected, and was also extended east into Whitmire replacing part of SC 706. South Carolina Highway 706 (SC 706) was", "id": "15134091" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 513\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 513 (SC 513) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through rural areas of Georgetown County. SC 513 begins at an intersection with SC 41/SC 51 (County Line Road) south-southwest of Hopewell, on the Williamsburg–Georgetown county line. It travels to the north-northeast, on the county line, and nearly immediately intersects the eastern terminus of SC 512 (Henry Road). The highway turns right onto Pleasant Hill Drive and travels to", "id": "17729308" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 66 (SC 66) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the community of Joanna with nearby SC 56 and the town of Whitmire. SC 66 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from SC 56 to SC 72 in Whitmire. It connects to U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and Interstate 26 (I-26). Predominantly in the Sumter National Forest, it meanders through forest lands; in Whitmire, it takes a couple of turns before reaching SC", "id": "15134090" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 60\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 60 (SC 60) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Irmo, connecting nearby Lake Murray and Harbison State Forest. SC 60 is a mostly four-lane with median suburban highway that travels from SC 6 to U.S. Route 176 (US 176), with an interchange with Interstate 26 (I-26)/US 76. SC 60 was established in 1929 as a new primary routing. The route has remained unchanged since inception, though its eastern endpoint was originally US", "id": "22092019" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 64\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 64 (SC 64) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the cities of Barnwell and Walterboro while also providing a direct route to Charleston, via U.S. Route 17 (US 17). SC 64 was established around 1926 as a new primary routing from SC 28 near Ellenton, to SC 6/SC 301 near Ruffin. In 1928, SC 64 was extended east to US 17 in Walterboro, replacing part of SC 6. Around 1930, SC 64 was extended", "id": "22114149" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\n, US 176 was assigned to SC 19 from Newberry to the North Carolina state line; the following year it was removed from the overlap. Also in 1928, SC 19 was extended south, replacing part of SC 27 to US 1/US 78 in Aiken. In 1929 or 1930, SC 19 was extended south (again) to SC 28 north of Ellenton. Around 1952, the Savannah River Site was established; which removed of highway in what is now a restricted area. By 1955, SC 19 was widened", "id": "16271416" } ]

[ { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 200 (SC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Winnsboro, Great Falls, and Lancaster. SC 200 is mostly a rural two-lane highway, traversing northwest from Winnsboro, through Great Falls and Lancaster, to the North Carolina state line. Established in 1937 as a renumbering part of SC 93 to match NC 200; it originally traversed from US 521 to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 200 was extended to its", "id": "18356164" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 903\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 903 (SC 903) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Lancaster to Darlington, Florence, and the Grand Strand. SC 903 is a two-lane rural highway, from Catarrh to Lancaster. Control cities listed southbound include Myrtle Beach. Established either in 1929 or 1930 as a new primary routing, it traversed from SC 35 in Catarrh to SC 9 in Midway. In 1949, SC 903 was extended north to its current northern terminus in Lancaster, replacing an", "id": "22013136" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 99\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 99 (SC 99) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Great Falls with rural areas of Chester County. SC 99 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and SC 200 (Pendergrass Boulevard) in Great Falls within Chester County. It travels to the northwest. On the edge of the city limits of the town is an intersection with SC 97 (Francis Avenue). They have a very brief concurrency. SC 99 travels in a north", "id": "16138937" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Chesterfield with Wadesboro, North Carolina. SC 742 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 145, near Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. The road continues into North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) towards Wadesboro. It was established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 850 and to match NC 742, little has changed since. SC 850 was established in", "id": "21845915" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nlane road from Charlotte Avenue to US 74 and a six-lane divided highway on its concurrency with US 74 and US 601. Established in 1930, it traveled from Monroe at US 74/NC 20/NC 25/NC 151 south to the South Carolina state line where it changed into SC 93 (renumbered to SC 200 in 1937). Between 1931-36, NC 200 was realigned north of Old Highway Road near Jackson. In 1936, the highway was extended north via Franklin Street, Church Street, Winchester", "id": "799956" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\n. The first SC 161 appeared in 1923 as a new primary routing from SC 16 in Eau Claire to SC 22. It was extended northwest by 1926 to SC 7 in Leeds. In 1928, the entire route was renumbered as part of SC 215. The current SC 161 was established in 1930 as a new primary route, it originally traversed from SC 16 (today US 321) to the North Carolina state line, continuing as North Carolina Highway 215 (renumbered in 1937 to NC 161). In 1959, SC", "id": "12487687" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 109\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 109 (SC 109) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 109 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from SC 145 through Ruby and Mount Croghan, to the North Carolina state line. SC 109 was established in either 1937 or 1938 as a new primary route from SC 9 in Mount Croghan to the North Carolina state line. In 1939, it was extended south to SC 85. In", "id": "21845959" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 177 (SC 177) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the community of Wallace with Hamlet, North Carolina. SC 177 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from Wallace at SC 9 to the North Carolina state line. The highway was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 77, little has changed since. Two predecessors existed before the current SC 177 came to existence. The first appeared from 1930-1936 as a new primary routing from U.S.", "id": "21845185" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 79 (SC 79) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects communities in western Marlboro County. SC 79 is a two-lane rural highway, traversing from SC 9 to the North Carolina state line where the road continues in Gibson, North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 79. Originally established in 1937 as a new primary route, it connected U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Denmark, to Voorhees College. In 1938, it was replaced by SC 68,", "id": "21700754" }, { "contents": "Winnsboro, South Carolina\n\n\nand south to Columbia. SC 34 leads southeast to Ridgeway and west to Newberry. SC 200 leads northeast to Great Falls. The unincorporated community of Winnsboro Mills borders the south side of Winnsboro. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Winnsboro has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,564 people, 1,454 households, and 984 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,109.6 people per square mile (428.9/km²). There were 1,597 housing", "id": "9585095" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 34\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 34 (SC 34) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As one of the longer state highways, it traverses the state east-west from Greenwood to Dillon, connecting the cities of Newberry, Winnsboro, Camden, Bishopville and Darlington. SC 34 begins as a hidden highway in downtown Greenwood, at the intersection of Main Street and Maxwell Avenue. On city and state official maps, SC 34 is on an east parallel to U.S. Route 25 Business (US 25 Bus.", "id": "13565724" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 385\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 385 (SC 385) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Bennettsville with northern Marlboro County. SC 385 is a two-lane (mostly) rural highway, traverses from Bennettsville north to SC 79, near the North Carolina state line. The first SC 385 appeared around 1941-42 as a new primary route from SC 341 to U.S. Route 15 (US 15)/SC 34. In 1948, it was downgraded to a secondary road. The current SC", "id": "21700661" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill and Gastonia, North Carolina. Though it generally runs in a north-south fashion, it is signed west-east. SC 274 is mostly a four-lane suburban highway that traverses , from the North Carolina state line, where the road continues north as North Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274), to downtown Rock Hill at SC 322. Established in 1937 as a", "id": "18047413" }, { "contents": "Interstate 77 in South Carolina\n\n\nthe town of Ridgeway and passes under the NS R-Line. The freeway passes to the east of Winnsboro, which is accessed via SC 34 or the next interchange with Road 41. I-77 has junction with Road 20 and SC 200 near Mitford before entering Chester County. The freeway has an interchange with SC 97 (Great Falls Road), which connects the county seat of Chester to the west with the town of Great Falls to the east. Great Falls is where the Piedmont-based Catawba River reaches the Fall Line", "id": "7110295" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 522\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 522 (SC 522) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect communities in central Lancaster County. SC 522 is a two-lane rural highway, from Liberty Hill to the North Carolina state line, near Sapps Crossroads. It is similar to a Farm-to-market road that it provides no real destination for travelers, but does provides access to farmland in central Lancaster County. Originally established in either 1937 or 1938, it was a new primary route", "id": "22034481" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 381 (SC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the towns in eastern Marlboro County. SC 381 traverses from Blenheim at SC 38 to the North Carolina state line where it continues as North Carolina Highway 381 into Gibson, North Carolina. As a two-lane rural highway, it connects the towns of Clio and McColl. The highway was established in 1930 as a new primary route from SC 38 in Blenheim to SC 9 in Clio. In 1931 or", "id": "21652315" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 381 (NC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Hamlet and Gibson. NC 381 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from the South Carolina state line in Gibson to U.S. Route 74 Business near Hamlet. The highway is flanked with farms and has little traffic. Established in 1940 as a renumbering of NC 78 when the route was extended to the South Carolina state line, connecting with SC 381; remained unchanged since inception.", "id": "8146479" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 75 (SC 75) is an state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The road is a mainly rural road. Its eastern terminus at the North Carolina state line at North Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75). SC 75 is a road for most of its existence, as it is here. After running for two miles (3 km) through the tip of Lancaster County, SC 75 overlaps U.S. Route 521 (US 521), running south. From Hancock, the road continues on", "id": "20072879" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 702\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 702 (SC 702) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Greenwood State Park. SC 702 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from SC 246 between Ninety Six and Coronaca, to SC 39 north of Saluda. The current routing of SC 702 was created by 1952 and has remained unchanged since. It was originally established in 1940 as a loop off SC 7 west of Greenwood. By 1942, SC 702 was extended east", "id": "21868670" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 21\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 21 (NC 21) was a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. At its height, it traversed from the South Carolina state line to Raleigh, connecting the cities of Fayetteville, and Lillington. Established as an original state highway, it traversed from the South Carolina state line (continuing as SC 47 to Lake View) north through Lumberton, Fayetteville, and Lillington before ending at NC 10, in Raleigh. In 1925, NC 21 was rerouted south of Fayetteville, replacing NC 22", "id": "18985691" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 265\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 265 (SC 265) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Jefferson with the cities of Kershaw and Chesterfield. SC 265 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 601 (US 601) north of Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. The highway was established in 1928 as a new primary routing from SC 26 in Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. In 1940, it was extended southwest to SC 97 in Liberty Hill. In 1948", "id": "21903505" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 55\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 55 (SC 55) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Clover to Blacksburg, Rock Hill, and Charlotte, North Carolina. SC 55 is a rural two-lane highway, with a median in and around Clover; between Clover and Lake Wylie, it is also paralleled by a major transmission line. It traverses from SC 5 near Kings Creek, to SC 49/SC 274 near Lake Wylie. Travelers to and from Charlotte would connect through", "id": "12594781" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 18 (SC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the cities of Union, Gaffney and Shelby, North Carolina. SC 18 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Fredrick Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 18 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of SC 111, from U.S. Route 29 (US 29) in Gaffney, to the North Carolina state line.", "id": "14222860" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 150\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 150 (SC 150) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Pacolet and Gaffney with the more rural areas of Spartanburg and Cherokee counties. SC 150 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Limestone Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 150 was established in 1940 as a renumbering of part of SC 103, from SC 18 in Gaffney to the North Carolina state line. In 1960-", "id": "14125945" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 223\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 223 (SC 223) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector between Richburg and Landsford Canal State Park. SC 223 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 9 and SC 901 outside of Richburg to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) in the community of Landsford and Landsford Canal State Park. The first SC 223 appeared from 1939-1940 as a spur off SC 22, renumbered as an extension of SC 901. The current SC", "id": "12079569" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the Kings Mountain National Military Park to North Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) at the North Carolina state line. SC 216 is a short two-lane rural highway in the northeast corner of Cherokee County. At its southern terminus at the Kings Mountain National Military Park entrance, the road continues east park-maintained towards York County and SC 161. SC 216 passes through a", "id": "21201795" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 215\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 215 (SC 215) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route to Union from either Columbia or Spartanburg. SC 215 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Columbia to Spartanburg; connecting Jenkinsville, Carlisle, Union, and Roebuck. It was established in 1928 as a renumbering of SC 121 and SC 161. It originally traveled from U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Aiken, northeast through Wagener, Pelion, Edmund, and", "id": "21764584" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 557\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 557 (SC 557) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector route between Clover and Lake Wylie. SC 557 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 55 near Clover to SC 49/SC 274 in Lake Wylie. The highway provides travelers a more direct route to and from Charlotte. Though it runs physically west-to-east, it is signed as a north-south highway with its western end as its southern terminus and", "id": "18047294" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is entirely in the boundaries of Union County and serves to connect the city of Monroe to the city of Pageland, South Carolina, at the South Carolina state line via SC 207. From the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, NC 207 is a two-lane rural highway traversing north through rolling hills of farmland. Once it enters Monroe city limits, it becomes Haynes Street, where it connects several", "id": "19757200" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nLancaster on a more southern route, avoiding the Tradesville area; The old alignment was briefly downgraded to secondary before being renumbered as SC 906. In 1933, SC 9 was realigned on a straight path from Loris to Little River; most of the old route was downgraded to secondary, with exception to Wampee and eastward becoming SC 90. In 1936, SC 9 was extended north through Spartanburg and Boiling Springs to its current northern terminus at the North Carolina state line; replacing SC 177. In 1940, SC 9 was extended", "id": "5557114" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 5\n\n\nroute from both US 521 and I-85 to both York and Rock Hill. Established as an original state highway, SC 5 originally traveled from SC 9 in Fort Lawn, through Rock Hill and York, to SC 8 in Blacksburg. In 1929 or 1930, SC 5 was extended south along new primary routing to SC 22 in Great Falls. In 1938, SC 5 was extended on both directions, connecting north to SC 18 and south to US 21 in Ridgeway. In 1939, SC 5 reached its longest length with its", "id": "22182862" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\ncounty, crosses over part of Lake Wateree, and enters Liberty Hill. There, it has an intersection with the western terminus of SC 522 (Stoneboro Road). A short distance later, it enters Lancaster County. It continues traveling through rural areas until it intersects SC 200 (Great Falls Highway). The two highways travel concurrently to the west. Almost immediately, they cross over the Catawba River on the Tom G. Mangum Bridge, where they enter Chester County. This bridge is just south of the Fishing Creek Dam", "id": "15954610" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 248\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 248 (SC 248) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Ninety Six National Historic Site. SC 248 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Epworth at U.S. Route 178 (US 178) to Ninety Six at SC 34/SC 246. Established in 1940, it is the second SC 248 and has remained unchanged since inception. The first SC 248 was established by 1930 as a renumbering of SC 151 from US 29", "id": "21840646" }, { "contents": "Ridgeway, South Carolina\n\n\n). U.S. Route 21 passes through the towns, leading north to Great Falls and south to Columbia. South Carolina Highway 34 leads west to Interstate 77 and east to Lugoff. Winnsboro, the county seat, is to the northwest via SC 34. According to the United States Census Bureau, Ridgeway has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 328 people, 138 households, and 96 families residing in the town. The population density was 692.7 people per square mile", "id": "9585082" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects rural areas of Lincoln and Gaston counties to Gastonia. NC 274 was established in 1930 as a new primary routing, from NC 27 to U.S. Route 74 (US 74) and NC 20 (now NC 161) in Bessemer City. Around 1938, it was extended southeast to its current southern terminus at the South Carolina state line, where it continues as South Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274).", "id": "18047645" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 39\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 39 (SC 39) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects various rural communities and towns from the southwest to the northwest sections of the state. SC 39 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from the Savannah River Site to U.S. Route 221 (US 221) south of Laurens. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, traveling from SC 12, in Monetta, to SC 21, in Edgefield. In 1923, SC 39 was extended in", "id": "22043911" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 909\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 909 (SC 909) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities of northern Chester County. SC 909 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in Lowrys to SC 9 near Richburg. The route zig-zags in northern Chester County connecting small communities, and provides access to the Chester Catawba Regional Airport. Established in 1940 as a new primary routing, it originally traversed from SC 9 to US 21 in Lewis", "id": "12654301" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nwhich later became a secondary road by 1948. The current SC 79 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of part of SC 38, from Bennettsville to the North Carolina state line. Between 1967 and 1970, SC 79 was rerouted and replaced SC 383 to SC 9; the old alignment became SC 385. South Carolina Highway 383 (SC 383) was established by 1937 as new primary routing from SC 9 near Bennettsville to SC 79 near Gibson, North Carolina. It was renumbered as part of SC 79 by 1970.", "id": "21700755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 213\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 213 (SC 213) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through mostly rural areas of Newberry and Fairfield counties. It also connects Jenkinsville and the Winnsboro area. SC 213 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 176 (US 176) southeast of Pomaria within Newberry County, where the roadway continues as Parr Road. It travels to the east and crosses over Crims Creek. A short distance later, the highway crosses over the Broad River, Hampton Island and some railroad", "id": "16629962" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 145 (SC 145) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 145 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from U.S. Route 1 (US 1) near McBee, through the county seat of Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It also passes through forest and wildlife refuge areas. The entire route has been officially named the Carolinas Sandhills Parkway by the State of South Carolina. The first", "id": "21845728" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 200 (NC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south from the South Carolina state line near the community of JAARS, to US 601 near Concord. NC 200 traverses , starting at the South Carolina state line, through the city of Monroe, and the towns of Stanfield and Locust, before ending at US 601 near Concord. For its length, it is a two-lane rural highway except in Monroe where it is a four-", "id": "799955" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 151\n\n\n29 (US 29)/SC 15 in Anderson, to SC 20 in Williamston. By 1930, it was renumbered as SC 248. The current SC 151 was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 35 from Darlington to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 151 truncated at SC 9 in Pageland, its route north to the state line replaced by US 601. By 1958, SC 151 replaced SC 151 Alternate, bypassing Hartsville. In 1983, SC 151 was extended and bypassed east of Pageland, to its current", "id": "21952570" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 161 (SC 161) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill, York, and Kings Mountain, North Carolina. SC 161 is a multi-lane highway, traversing from U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and Interstate 77 (I-77), through the northern part of Rock Hill and north around York, to the back entrance area of Kings Mountain State Park and Kings Mountain National Military Park, and ends at the North Carolina state line", "id": "12487686" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 403\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 403 (SC 403) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Timmonsville and the surrounding rural area with the cities of Lake City and Hartsville. SC 403 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for beginning north of Lake City, along SC 341. Going through a northeasterly direction to Hobbs Crossroads, it then goes north to Sardis. Connecting with Interstate 95 (I-95) north of Sardis, it continues north connecting with U.S. Route 76 (US", "id": "22010317" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 212\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 212 (SC 212) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Williams by connecting it with nearby highways. SC 212 is a two-lane rural highway that connects the town of Williams between SC 64 and U.S. Route 21 (US 21). Within Williams, it intersects SC 362 at its eastern terminus. Established around 1938 as a new primary routing as a spur from US 21 to Williams. In 1940, it was extended south to its current", "id": "22114289" }, { "contents": "U.S. Route 521\n\n\nknown as Camden Highway. It passes under I-20 and proceeds to Camden. It then goes on to the town of Kershaw, running concurrent with US 601. The final city it goes through before going into North Carolina is Lancaster. US 521 traverses from the South Carolina state line to Interstate 485. The entire route is a four to six-lane divided highway, split in naming between Lancaster Highway and Johnston Road. Established in 1932, it was overlapped entirely with SC 26, from Georgetown to the North Carolina state line", "id": "21139357" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 83\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 83 (NC 83) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves to connect the towns of Maxton and Clio, South Carolina. NC 83 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line and goes north to end at NC 130 in Seven Bridges. The highway is flanked by both farmland and swamps. NC 83 was established in 1937 as a new primary routing from US 501 to the South Carolina state line, where it continues as SC", "id": "5127960" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 72\n\n\nas a renumbering of SC 7; it traversed from the Georgia state line, near Calhoun Falls, to US 21 in Chester. In 1950, it was extended northeast to US 21/SC 5 in Rock Hill, which replaced part of US 21. In 1951 or 1952, its routing was adjusted west of Greenwood replacing SC 702 and leaving Old Abbeville Highway (S-1-3 and S-24-1). In 1954, SC 72 was placed on bypass south and east around Chester; its old alignment became a business", "id": "7621861" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 198\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 198 (SC 198) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the town of Blacksburg at Interstate 85 (I-85) exit 102 and the northern terminus of SC 5 with the town of Earl, North Carolina by way of North Carolina Highway 198 (NC 198). Though it physically runs north and south, internal SCDOT data and the only signage of SC 198 at the I-85 / SC 5 intersection indicates that it runs east–west. A two-lane rural", "id": "18046947" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 246\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 246 (SC 246) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities and towns in eastern Greenwood County. SC 246 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Friendship to Hodges; connecting the town of Ninety Six and the communities of Coronaca and Cokesbury. The highway also provides access to Star Fort Pond, at Ninety Six National Historic Site, via Kinard Road (S-24-27). Established in 1930 as a replacement for part of SC 24", "id": "21868609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSC 145 appeared in 1941 or 1942 as a new primary route from SC 644 to US 15 north of Walterboro. In 1948, it was downgraded to secondary status, known today as McLeod Road. The current SC 145 was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 85; little has changed since. South Carolina Highway 85 (SC 85) was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 95, it traveled from US 1, near McBee, through Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It was renumbered to", "id": "21845729" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 157\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 157 (SC 157) is a state highway in the Sandhills region of South Carolina. Though it physically runs west to east, it is signed as a north-south road. Its southern terminus at its westernmost point at SC 341 in Kershaw, Lancaster County and its northern terminus (eastern end) at SC 346 about west of Catarrh in rural Kershaw County. SC 157 begins at an intersection with Marion Street and Minor Street in eastern Kershaw. From this point, SC 341 travels west on Marion Street", "id": "17035715" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 45\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 45 (SC 45) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as the main thoroughfare in northern Berkeley County. Established as an original state highway in 1922, it traversed from SC 41 in St. Stephen to SC 31 in St. Matthews. Around 1926, SC 45 was truncated west of St. Stephen along a new alignment of SC 41 (current U.S. Route 52 or US 52). By 1931, SC 45 was extended west on new primary routing to SC 24 in", "id": "22162620" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 781\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 781 (SC 781) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It is used as part of a bypass south of Aiken, between Augusta and Williston, in conjunction with U.S. Route 278 (US 278). SC 781 is a two-lane rural connector highway between US 278 and US 78. Established in 1940 as a new primary route, it traversed from SC 28 in Beech Island east to US 78 west of Williston. In 1953, SC 781 was truncated to its", "id": "15556341" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 49\n\n\nLake Wylie. Established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 163, it ran from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in York to the North Carolina state line in Lake Wylie. In 1956, SC 49 was extended southwest to its current southern terminus at US 221 in Watts Mills replacing SC 91 from York to Monarch, SC 92 from Monarch to Cross Anchor, and SC 30 from Cross Anchor to Watts Mills. In 1960 or 1961, SC 49 was rerouted from Lockhart to Mount Tabor. At an unknown date,", "id": "21332808" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 914\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 914 (SC 914) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Lancaster and Springdale, via Lancaster Mill. SC 914 begins at an intersection with SC 9 Business (SC 9 Bus.; West Meeting Street) on the Lancaster–Lancaster Mill line, within Lancaster County. It travels to the southeast and immediately enters Lancaster Mill proper and curves to the south-southeast. Just after Old Landsford Road, it crosses over some railroad tracks. One block later, at", "id": "18102740" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 211\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 211 (SC 211) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway serves the rural areas of southern Cherokee and western York counties. SC 211 is a two-lane rural highway. The highway begins at SC 150, north of Pacolet in Cherokee County, going easterly along Asbury Road to Asbury, where it connects with SC 18. Splitting from SC 18 onto Gowdeysville Road, it connects with SC 105 in Saratt. Solo again, when it splits from SC 105 with", "id": "14126145" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 20 (SC 20) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Abbeville, Belton, Williamston and Greenville. The highway is signed as a west-east highway though it physically runs south-to-north. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from the Georgia state line to SC 8 (Guess Street/Green Avenue) in Greenville; connecting McCormick, Abbeville, Due West, Honea Path, Belton, and Williamston.", "id": "19237178" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 555\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 555 (SC 555) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route from downtown Columbia to Blythewood. SC 555 traverses from SC 12 in downtown Columbia to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) near Blythewood. Before Interstate 77 (I-77) was completed in the area, SC 555 served as a major thoroughfare; today it is an alternate route. The highway is four lanes south of I-77 and two lanes north of it. The highway was established in", "id": "3546072" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nrenumbering of SC 12, it originally ran from US 521 to the North Carolina state line in Hancock. By 1964, SC 75 was extended to its current western terminus at SC 5 in Van Wyck, replacing part of SC 504. South Carolina Highway 75 Truck (Truck SC 75) is a truck route of SC 75 bypassing Van Wyck. When SC 75 merges off from US 521 near Van Wyck, Truck SC 75 begins and follows US 521 until an interchange with SC 5. Truck Route 75 then follows SC 5", "id": "20072881" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 37\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 37 (SC 37) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It provides a direct route between Barnwell and Springfield. SC 37 is a two-lane rural highway that travels between U.S. Route 278 (US 278) and SC 39, with a connection with US 78 in Elko. SC 37 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 1, in Barnwell, to SC 27, in Williston. In 1923, SC 37 was rerouted", "id": "16526209" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nRoute 176 (US 176)/SC 10 in Spartanburg to the North Carolina state line; it eventually became part of SC 9. The second appeared from 1938-1951 as a new primary routing from US 176 southeast of Pomaria to US 76/SC 2 near Ballentine. It was adjusted twice, in 1948 extending and replacing SC 664, and in 1950 shifting to meet with US 176/SC 121 split. It was eventually renumbered as an extension of US 176. South Carolina Highway 77 (SC 77) was established in 1937", "id": "21845186" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 97 (SC 97) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Camden, Great Falls, Chester, and Hickory Grove. SC 97 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 521 (US 521)/US 601 (Broad Street) in Camden within Kershaw County, northeast of the Camden Country Club. The highway travels to the northwest and meets US 521 Truck/US 601 Truck (Boykin Road) just before leaving the city limits of Camden. It travels through rural areas of the", "id": "15954609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 121\n\n\n, where US 21 continues north towards Fort Mill, while also connecting with SC 322. SC 121 had two previous stents in the state before its current routing was established. The first SC 121 was established in 1925 or 1926 as a new primary routing; it traversed from SC 27 in Aiken, northeast through Wagener and Pelion, to SC 2/SC 12 in Springdale. In 1928, it was renumbered as SC 215. The second SC 121 was established in 1929 or 1930 as new primary routing; it traversed from", "id": "4644891" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 901\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 901 (SC 901) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a slower alternate rural route to Interstate 77 (I-77) and the western bypass of Rock Hill. SC 901 begins along SC 200 near I-77. Going north, it hovers to the west and then east of I-77 and then passes through Richburg. After entering York County, it has its own interchange with I-77, then proceeds to form the western bypass of Rock Hill. It is a two-", "id": "16644755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\n27 around 1931, it traversed from SC 65 (current SC 61) in Givhans, to US 78 east of Ridgeville. In 1940, it was rerouted north from Ridgeville to US 78 and then spur up to the Berkeley County line. In 1941 or 1942, SC 27 was extended north into Berkeley County to SC 31 (current US 176). The first SC 27 was an original state highway; established in 1922, it traversed from SC 21 in Trenton, south to Aiken, then east through Williston, Blackville", "id": "22136169" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nAvenue (on state maps, it is officially SC 19 Connector); while SC 19 southbound travels along Laurens Street/Park Avenue onto Chesterfield Street. SC 19 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 2 in Newberry, north through Whitmire, Union, Spartanburg, Inman and Landrum, to the North Carolina state line continuing as NC 19. In 1923, it was extended south on new primary routing, through Saluda, to SC 21/SC 27 in Trenton. In 1927", "id": "16271415" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 179\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 179 (SC 179) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It travels from Little River to the North Carolina state line, near Calabash. One of the shortest state highways in the state, SC 179 starts at U.S. Route 17 (US 17) in Little River and travels to the North Carolina state line. The route continues on as NC 179, connecting the towns of Calabash, Sunset Beach, and Ocean Isle Beach. The entire route is two lanes wide with brief", "id": "6284330" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 47\n\n\nwas an original state highway (1922) that traversed from SC 40 in Green Sea, northwest through Nichols and Lake View, before entering North Carolina. By 1926 was renumbered to SC 94. SC 47 Truck in Elloree begins at Felderville Road (S-38-81) then onto Snider Street (S-38-1023); at Main Street, it goes back northwest, in concurrency with SC 6/SC 267, reuniting with SC 47 at its northern terminus. A Food Lion distribution center is located in the town, the", "id": "22136670" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 173\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 173 (SC 173) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with U.S. Route 78 (US 78). SC 173 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville northeast to US 78. The predominant features along the route are homes and forest. Established as the second SC 173 in 1940, it traversed from US 15 in Grover east to US 78 near Ridgeville; the section between Ridgeville and US 78 was", "id": "22136291" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 16\n\n\nit connected the cities and towns of Ridgeway, Winnsboro, Chester, York, and Clover. In 1927, US 21 was assigned between Columbia and Chester; the following year SC 16 was removed from that section. In 1931, the first SC 16 was decommissioned when US 321 was assigned on the remaining route. The second SC 16 appeared in 1939 as a new primary routing between SC 48 east to US 76 in Columbia. In 1940, it was extended north from US 76 to SC 12. In 1948, the", "id": "4796568" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 207 (SC 207) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It is entirely within the boundaries of Chesterfield County and serves to connect the city of Pageland, South Carolina to the city of Monroe, North Carolina via North Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207). Starting at the intersection of Elm Street and McGregor Street (U.S. Route 601 (US 601) and SC 9), it travels northwest for to the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 207 towards", "id": "5806442" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 81\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 81 (SC 81) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects rural areas of McCormick County with Greenville, via Calhoun Falls, Iva, Homeland Park, and Anderson. SC 81 begins at an intersection with SC 28 east-southeast of Lethia within McCormick County. This intersection is within Sumter National Forest and just north of SC 28's crossing of Long Cane Creek. It travels to the northwest and curves to the west-southwest and travels through Lethia. It then", "id": "18281932" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 905\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 905 (NC 905) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves as part of an alternate route between Whiteville and Conway, South Carolina, through southeastern Columbus County. NC 905 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina line and South Carolina Highway 905 (SC 905) in Olyphic. Traveling north, it connects with NC 904 in Pireway. After its concurrency with NC 904, it continues solo for , connecting the communities of Bug Hill and", "id": "14981023" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nCarolina state line, near Earl. South Carolina reciprocate in 1930 with the establishment of SC 111 from the state line to Gaffney, which was later renumbered SC 18 in 1937. In 1929, NC 18 was extended north, replacing NC 67, through Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro, to US 21/NC 26 in Sparta. Also in 1929, NC 18 was rerouted south of Morganton going through the Sunnyside community and leaving behind Enola and Enola Road (SR 1922). In 1930, NC 18 was extended northeast along new", "id": "12715101" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 165\n\n\nit curves to the northwest to meet its northern terminus, and intersection with US 17 Alternate (N. Main Street) and Berkeley Circle. Established in 1939 as a new primary highway, SC 165 originally traversed from its current southern terminus to US 17 in Ravenel. This section has remained relatively unchanged; with an exception in Hollywood, where it was realigned in the 1980s, removing a concurrency with SC 162 and leaving Town Council Road. Around 1952, SC 165 was extended north on mostly new construction to Cooks Crossroads, where", "id": "6640073" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 19 (SC 19) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Aiken directly with the Savannah River Site and Edgefield via U.S. Route 25 (US 25). SC 19 operates as arterial four-lane highway from Aiken to the Savannah River Site; to its north, it is a two-lane rural highway to Trenton, where it connects with US 25 and SC 121. In Aiken's downtown area, SC 19 is signed, northbound along Chesterfield Street and Richland", "id": "16271414" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nover SC 200, and quickly SC 9 Business is out of downtown on E. Arch St. A half mile after crossing over SC 200, SC 9 Business ends at SC 9 Bypass. Other than Spartanburg, the City of Lancaster is the largest urban area SC 9 runs through before reaching the North Myrtle Beach area. Like all the numbered highways in Chester, SC 9 Business goes straight through downtown, and the bypass route makes a half-moon path around Chester. SC 9 Business shares a brief concurrency with US 321 Business", "id": "5557121" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\n), replacing US 29 Business (US 29 Bus.). In 2000, SC 20 was extended to its current northern terminus at Falls Park Drive (formerly Camperdown Way) just shy of US 123, replacing part of US 25 Bus. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn.) is a connector route, in concurrency with SC 28 Conn. It connects SC 20 with SC 28, north of Abbeville. The route is unsigned its entire length. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn) is a", "id": "19237181" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Its entire length runs through Union County and serves as the primary connector between the towns of Waxhaw, Mineral Springs, and Monroe. The route roughly parallels a CSX railroad line for its entire span. NC 75 starts at the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, near Hancock, South Carolina. In South Carolina, it continues as SC 75 for to SC 5, in Van Wyck. Heading east from the", "id": "5127428" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 137\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 137 (SC 137) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Norris with rural areas of Pickens, via Six Mile. SC 135 begins at an intersection with SC 93 (Norris Drive) in Norris, within Pickens County, where the roadway continues as East Jamison Street. It travels to the northwest and crosses over Twelve Mile Creek just north of Cateechee. In Six Mile, the highway intersects SC 133 (South Main Street). The two highways travel concurrently until", "id": "16201660" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 59\n\n\n24. The road heads on its northeast trajectory until it meets its northern terminus, an intersection with U.S. Route 76 (US 76), US 123, SC 28 in Seneca. Established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 181 and part of SC 182, SC 59 traversed from the Georgia state line to Fair Play, then north to Seneca ending at US 76/SC 13/SC 28. By 1963, SC 59 was truncated at I-85 due to Lake Hartwell submerging the route to Georgia. The portion south of", "id": "4730382" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects the city of Wadesboro with the towns of Oakboro and Chesterfield, South Carolina. NC 742 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, where continuing south on South Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) would lead to Chesterfield. In Wadesboro, it first runs concurrent with NC 109 before going through the downtown area. At the intersection of Caswell and Greene Streets,", "id": "4827585" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 68\n\n\n-lane configuration about north of the I-95 junction. Passing underneath I-95, SC 68 returns to a two-lane configuration as it enters Yemassee before terminating at an intersection with US 17 Alternate and US 21. Established in 1967 as a renumbering of SC 28, it has remained unchanged since. Prior to the current routing, SC 68 had two previous incarnations: In 1937-38 from Clio to the North Carolina state line (renumbered as SC 83), and in 1938-47 as a short highway spur from US", "id": "6817262" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the South Carolina state line to NC 274 near the unincorporated community of Tryon. NC 216 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, from Kings Mountain National Military Park; the road continues south towards the park as South Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216). Going north, it crosses over Interstate 85 then has a short overlap with", "id": "21201754" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 51\n\n\nroad that starts at US 21 near Fort Mill and ends at the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 51 through Pineville. The route is entirely two-lane, expanding to four lanes at the state line. Established as a new primary routing in 1926; the original routing ran from SC 40 (today as US 701) along Choppee Road (today as S-22-4) and Hemingway Highway (today as SC 261) to Hemingway then onto Florence, ending at SC 41 (today as US", "id": "9677788" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 18 (NC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Traveling north–south through the Foothills region, it connects the cities of Shelby, Morganton, Lenoir, Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro. NC 18 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that travels in western North Carolina. Starting as a continuation of SC 18, at the South Carolina state line near Earl, NC 18 travels north into Shelby, where it overlaps with NC 150 and crosses US 74/NC 226", "id": "12715094" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 93\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 93 (abbreviated S.C. Highway 93 or SC 93) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It runs from U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and SC 28 in Clemson northeast to US 123 in Easley. The highway begins at an interchange with the US 76/SC 28 concurrency and Old Greenville Highway east of downtown Clemson. West of this point, Old Greenville Highway passes through downtown Clemson and the campus of Clemson University and is signed as SC 93 though it is not officially", "id": "22146588" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 27 (SC 27) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with nearby highways. SC 27 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville south to the unincorporated community of Givhans to its south and highways U.S. Route 78 (US 78), Interstate 26 (I-26), and US 176 to its north. The predominant features along the route is farmland mixed with forest and swamps. Established as the second SC", "id": "22136168" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 48\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 48 (SC 48) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves southern Richland County and access to the Congaree National Park. SC 48 begins in downtown Columbia along Assembly Street. It traverses west, passing alongside the South Carolina State House and the University of South Carolina, before turning onto Rosewood Drive and then onto Bluff Road. After leaving the Columbia city limits, it continues through southeastern Richland County as a two-lane rural highway to U.S. Route 601 (US 601", "id": "12287717" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 310\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 310 (SC 310) is an long state highway in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a south-north orientation from Holly Hill north to Vance, and then northwest to its northern terminus, completely within Orangeburg County. SC 310 begins at an intersection with US 176 in Holly Hill. The route heads north to an intersection with SC 45, north of the city. The road continues north into the city of Vance, where it intersects SC 210. After", "id": "4731054" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 57\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 57 (SC 57) is a state highway in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a southeast-northwest orientation from the unincorporated community of Fork northwest through Dillon to Little Rock and then curves northeasterly to the North Carolina state line, north of Little Rock, all completely within Dillon County. SC 57 begins at an intersection with SC 41 and SC 41 Alternate in Fork. The route heads northeast through the town of Floydale until it enters Dillon. In town,", "id": "4796454" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nthe beachfront. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from SC 23 in Dillon, west to SC 10, in Enoree. By 1926, SC 9 was extended east to Lake View, then replacing SC 47 to Green Sea, then southeast on new primary routing to Little River. On its northern end, SC 9 rerouted from Kelly to SC 19, near Spartanburg, replacing SC 92. The route from Kelly to Enoree was renumbered SC 92. In 1927, SC 9 was rerouted between Pageland to", "id": "5557113" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 38\n\n\nconnected with the newly renumbered SC 38. NC 38 has not changed since. North Carolina Highway 771 (NC 771) first appeared as a new primary routing in 1930, traveling from US 311/NC 77, east of Winston-Salem, to US 421/NC 60, in Kernersville. In 1936, NC 771 was replaced by an extension of NC 150. The second NC 771 was established as new primary routing in 1936, from Hamlet to the South Carolina state line, where it continued as SC 96.", "id": "20812160" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\n72 via Central Avenue, Park Street and Glenn Street. SC 66 was established in 1934 as a new primary routing, traversing from SC 56 to US 76/SC 2 in Goldville (now Joanna). In 1941 or 1942, a second SC 66 was created, from SC 706 in Eisons Crossroads to the Newberry-Laurens county line. In 1948, the two sections of SC 66 were connected, and was also extended east into Whitmire replacing part of SC 706. South Carolina Highway 706 (SC 706) was", "id": "15134091" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 513\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 513 (SC 513) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through rural areas of Georgetown County. SC 513 begins at an intersection with SC 41/SC 51 (County Line Road) south-southwest of Hopewell, on the Williamsburg–Georgetown county line. It travels to the north-northeast, on the county line, and nearly immediately intersects the eastern terminus of SC 512 (Henry Road). The highway turns right onto Pleasant Hill Drive and travels to", "id": "17729308" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 66 (SC 66) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the community of Joanna with nearby SC 56 and the town of Whitmire. SC 66 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from SC 56 to SC 72 in Whitmire. It connects to U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and Interstate 26 (I-26). Predominantly in the Sumter National Forest, it meanders through forest lands; in Whitmire, it takes a couple of turns before reaching SC", "id": "15134090" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 60\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 60 (SC 60) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Irmo, connecting nearby Lake Murray and Harbison State Forest. SC 60 is a mostly four-lane with median suburban highway that travels from SC 6 to U.S. Route 176 (US 176), with an interchange with Interstate 26 (I-26)/US 76. SC 60 was established in 1929 as a new primary routing. The route has remained unchanged since inception, though its eastern endpoint was originally US", "id": "22092019" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 64\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 64 (SC 64) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the cities of Barnwell and Walterboro while also providing a direct route to Charleston, via U.S. Route 17 (US 17). SC 64 was established around 1926 as a new primary routing from SC 28 near Ellenton, to SC 6/SC 301 near Ruffin. In 1928, SC 64 was extended east to US 17 in Walterboro, replacing part of SC 6. Around 1930, SC 64 was extended", "id": "22114149" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\n, US 176 was assigned to SC 19 from Newberry to the North Carolina state line; the following year it was removed from the overlap. Also in 1928, SC 19 was extended south, replacing part of SC 27 to US 1/US 78 in Aiken. In 1929 or 1930, SC 19 was extended south (again) to SC 28 north of Ellenton. Around 1952, the Savannah River Site was established; which removed of highway in what is now a restricted area. By 1955, SC 19 was widened", "id": "16271416" } ]

[ { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 200 (SC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Winnsboro, Great Falls, and Lancaster. SC 200 is mostly a rural two-lane highway, traversing northwest from Winnsboro, through Great Falls and Lancaster, to the North Carolina state line. Established in 1937 as a renumbering part of SC 93 to match NC 200; it originally traversed from US 521 to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 200 was extended to its", "id": "18356164" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 903\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 903 (SC 903) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Lancaster to Darlington, Florence, and the Grand Strand. SC 903 is a two-lane rural highway, from Catarrh to Lancaster. Control cities listed southbound include Myrtle Beach. Established either in 1929 or 1930 as a new primary routing, it traversed from SC 35 in Catarrh to SC 9 in Midway. In 1949, SC 903 was extended north to its current northern terminus in Lancaster, replacing an", "id": "22013136" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 99\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 99 (SC 99) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Great Falls with rural areas of Chester County. SC 99 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and SC 200 (Pendergrass Boulevard) in Great Falls within Chester County. It travels to the northwest. On the edge of the city limits of the town is an intersection with SC 97 (Francis Avenue). They have a very brief concurrency. SC 99 travels in a north", "id": "16138937" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Chesterfield with Wadesboro, North Carolina. SC 742 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 145, near Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. The road continues into North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) towards Wadesboro. It was established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 850 and to match NC 742, little has changed since. SC 850 was established in", "id": "21845915" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nlane road from Charlotte Avenue to US 74 and a six-lane divided highway on its concurrency with US 74 and US 601. Established in 1930, it traveled from Monroe at US 74/NC 20/NC 25/NC 151 south to the South Carolina state line where it changed into SC 93 (renumbered to SC 200 in 1937). Between 1931-36, NC 200 was realigned north of Old Highway Road near Jackson. In 1936, the highway was extended north via Franklin Street, Church Street, Winchester", "id": "799956" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\n. The first SC 161 appeared in 1923 as a new primary routing from SC 16 in Eau Claire to SC 22. It was extended northwest by 1926 to SC 7 in Leeds. In 1928, the entire route was renumbered as part of SC 215. The current SC 161 was established in 1930 as a new primary route, it originally traversed from SC 16 (today US 321) to the North Carolina state line, continuing as North Carolina Highway 215 (renumbered in 1937 to NC 161). In 1959, SC", "id": "12487687" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 109\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 109 (SC 109) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 109 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from SC 145 through Ruby and Mount Croghan, to the North Carolina state line. SC 109 was established in either 1937 or 1938 as a new primary route from SC 9 in Mount Croghan to the North Carolina state line. In 1939, it was extended south to SC 85. In", "id": "21845959" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 177 (SC 177) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the community of Wallace with Hamlet, North Carolina. SC 177 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from Wallace at SC 9 to the North Carolina state line. The highway was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 77, little has changed since. Two predecessors existed before the current SC 177 came to existence. The first appeared from 1930-1936 as a new primary routing from U.S.", "id": "21845185" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 79 (SC 79) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects communities in western Marlboro County. SC 79 is a two-lane rural highway, traversing from SC 9 to the North Carolina state line where the road continues in Gibson, North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 79. Originally established in 1937 as a new primary route, it connected U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Denmark, to Voorhees College. In 1938, it was replaced by SC 68,", "id": "21700754" }, { "contents": "Winnsboro, South Carolina\n\n\nand south to Columbia. SC 34 leads southeast to Ridgeway and west to Newberry. SC 200 leads northeast to Great Falls. The unincorporated community of Winnsboro Mills borders the south side of Winnsboro. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Winnsboro has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,564 people, 1,454 households, and 984 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,109.6 people per square mile (428.9/km²). There were 1,597 housing", "id": "9585095" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 34\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 34 (SC 34) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As one of the longer state highways, it traverses the state east-west from Greenwood to Dillon, connecting the cities of Newberry, Winnsboro, Camden, Bishopville and Darlington. SC 34 begins as a hidden highway in downtown Greenwood, at the intersection of Main Street and Maxwell Avenue. On city and state official maps, SC 34 is on an east parallel to U.S. Route 25 Business (US 25 Bus.", "id": "13565724" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 385\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 385 (SC 385) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Bennettsville with northern Marlboro County. SC 385 is a two-lane (mostly) rural highway, traverses from Bennettsville north to SC 79, near the North Carolina state line. The first SC 385 appeared around 1941-42 as a new primary route from SC 341 to U.S. Route 15 (US 15)/SC 34. In 1948, it was downgraded to a secondary road. The current SC", "id": "21700661" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill and Gastonia, North Carolina. Though it generally runs in a north-south fashion, it is signed west-east. SC 274 is mostly a four-lane suburban highway that traverses , from the North Carolina state line, where the road continues north as North Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274), to downtown Rock Hill at SC 322. Established in 1937 as a", "id": "18047413" }, { "contents": "Interstate 77 in South Carolina\n\n\nthe town of Ridgeway and passes under the NS R-Line. The freeway passes to the east of Winnsboro, which is accessed via SC 34 or the next interchange with Road 41. I-77 has junction with Road 20 and SC 200 near Mitford before entering Chester County. The freeway has an interchange with SC 97 (Great Falls Road), which connects the county seat of Chester to the west with the town of Great Falls to the east. Great Falls is where the Piedmont-based Catawba River reaches the Fall Line", "id": "7110295" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 522\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 522 (SC 522) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect communities in central Lancaster County. SC 522 is a two-lane rural highway, from Liberty Hill to the North Carolina state line, near Sapps Crossroads. It is similar to a Farm-to-market road that it provides no real destination for travelers, but does provides access to farmland in central Lancaster County. Originally established in either 1937 or 1938, it was a new primary route", "id": "22034481" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 381 (SC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the towns in eastern Marlboro County. SC 381 traverses from Blenheim at SC 38 to the North Carolina state line where it continues as North Carolina Highway 381 into Gibson, North Carolina. As a two-lane rural highway, it connects the towns of Clio and McColl. The highway was established in 1930 as a new primary route from SC 38 in Blenheim to SC 9 in Clio. In 1931 or", "id": "21652315" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 381 (NC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Hamlet and Gibson. NC 381 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from the South Carolina state line in Gibson to U.S. Route 74 Business near Hamlet. The highway is flanked with farms and has little traffic. Established in 1940 as a renumbering of NC 78 when the route was extended to the South Carolina state line, connecting with SC 381; remained unchanged since inception.", "id": "8146479" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 75 (SC 75) is an state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The road is a mainly rural road. Its eastern terminus at the North Carolina state line at North Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75). SC 75 is a road for most of its existence, as it is here. After running for two miles (3 km) through the tip of Lancaster County, SC 75 overlaps U.S. Route 521 (US 521), running south. From Hancock, the road continues on", "id": "20072879" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 702\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 702 (SC 702) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Greenwood State Park. SC 702 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from SC 246 between Ninety Six and Coronaca, to SC 39 north of Saluda. The current routing of SC 702 was created by 1952 and has remained unchanged since. It was originally established in 1940 as a loop off SC 7 west of Greenwood. By 1942, SC 702 was extended east", "id": "21868670" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 21\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 21 (NC 21) was a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. At its height, it traversed from the South Carolina state line to Raleigh, connecting the cities of Fayetteville, and Lillington. Established as an original state highway, it traversed from the South Carolina state line (continuing as SC 47 to Lake View) north through Lumberton, Fayetteville, and Lillington before ending at NC 10, in Raleigh. In 1925, NC 21 was rerouted south of Fayetteville, replacing NC 22", "id": "18985691" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 265\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 265 (SC 265) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Jefferson with the cities of Kershaw and Chesterfield. SC 265 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 601 (US 601) north of Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. The highway was established in 1928 as a new primary routing from SC 26 in Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. In 1940, it was extended southwest to SC 97 in Liberty Hill. In 1948", "id": "21903505" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 55\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 55 (SC 55) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Clover to Blacksburg, Rock Hill, and Charlotte, North Carolina. SC 55 is a rural two-lane highway, with a median in and around Clover; between Clover and Lake Wylie, it is also paralleled by a major transmission line. It traverses from SC 5 near Kings Creek, to SC 49/SC 274 near Lake Wylie. Travelers to and from Charlotte would connect through", "id": "12594781" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 18 (SC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the cities of Union, Gaffney and Shelby, North Carolina. SC 18 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Fredrick Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 18 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of SC 111, from U.S. Route 29 (US 29) in Gaffney, to the North Carolina state line.", "id": "14222860" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 150\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 150 (SC 150) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Pacolet and Gaffney with the more rural areas of Spartanburg and Cherokee counties. SC 150 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Limestone Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 150 was established in 1940 as a renumbering of part of SC 103, from SC 18 in Gaffney to the North Carolina state line. In 1960-", "id": "14125945" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 223\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 223 (SC 223) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector between Richburg and Landsford Canal State Park. SC 223 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 9 and SC 901 outside of Richburg to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) in the community of Landsford and Landsford Canal State Park. The first SC 223 appeared from 1939-1940 as a spur off SC 22, renumbered as an extension of SC 901. The current SC", "id": "12079569" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the Kings Mountain National Military Park to North Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) at the North Carolina state line. SC 216 is a short two-lane rural highway in the northeast corner of Cherokee County. At its southern terminus at the Kings Mountain National Military Park entrance, the road continues east park-maintained towards York County and SC 161. SC 216 passes through a", "id": "21201795" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 215\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 215 (SC 215) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route to Union from either Columbia or Spartanburg. SC 215 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Columbia to Spartanburg; connecting Jenkinsville, Carlisle, Union, and Roebuck. It was established in 1928 as a renumbering of SC 121 and SC 161. It originally traveled from U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Aiken, northeast through Wagener, Pelion, Edmund, and", "id": "21764584" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 557\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 557 (SC 557) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector route between Clover and Lake Wylie. SC 557 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 55 near Clover to SC 49/SC 274 in Lake Wylie. The highway provides travelers a more direct route to and from Charlotte. Though it runs physically west-to-east, it is signed as a north-south highway with its western end as its southern terminus and", "id": "18047294" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is entirely in the boundaries of Union County and serves to connect the city of Monroe to the city of Pageland, South Carolina, at the South Carolina state line via SC 207. From the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, NC 207 is a two-lane rural highway traversing north through rolling hills of farmland. Once it enters Monroe city limits, it becomes Haynes Street, where it connects several", "id": "19757200" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nLancaster on a more southern route, avoiding the Tradesville area; The old alignment was briefly downgraded to secondary before being renumbered as SC 906. In 1933, SC 9 was realigned on a straight path from Loris to Little River; most of the old route was downgraded to secondary, with exception to Wampee and eastward becoming SC 90. In 1936, SC 9 was extended north through Spartanburg and Boiling Springs to its current northern terminus at the North Carolina state line; replacing SC 177. In 1940, SC 9 was extended", "id": "5557114" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 5\n\n\nroute from both US 521 and I-85 to both York and Rock Hill. Established as an original state highway, SC 5 originally traveled from SC 9 in Fort Lawn, through Rock Hill and York, to SC 8 in Blacksburg. In 1929 or 1930, SC 5 was extended south along new primary routing to SC 22 in Great Falls. In 1938, SC 5 was extended on both directions, connecting north to SC 18 and south to US 21 in Ridgeway. In 1939, SC 5 reached its longest length with its", "id": "22182862" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\ncounty, crosses over part of Lake Wateree, and enters Liberty Hill. There, it has an intersection with the western terminus of SC 522 (Stoneboro Road). A short distance later, it enters Lancaster County. It continues traveling through rural areas until it intersects SC 200 (Great Falls Highway). The two highways travel concurrently to the west. Almost immediately, they cross over the Catawba River on the Tom G. Mangum Bridge, where they enter Chester County. This bridge is just south of the Fishing Creek Dam", "id": "15954610" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 248\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 248 (SC 248) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Ninety Six National Historic Site. SC 248 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Epworth at U.S. Route 178 (US 178) to Ninety Six at SC 34/SC 246. Established in 1940, it is the second SC 248 and has remained unchanged since inception. The first SC 248 was established by 1930 as a renumbering of SC 151 from US 29", "id": "21840646" }, { "contents": "Ridgeway, South Carolina\n\n\n). U.S. Route 21 passes through the towns, leading north to Great Falls and south to Columbia. South Carolina Highway 34 leads west to Interstate 77 and east to Lugoff. Winnsboro, the county seat, is to the northwest via SC 34. According to the United States Census Bureau, Ridgeway has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 328 people, 138 households, and 96 families residing in the town. The population density was 692.7 people per square mile", "id": "9585082" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects rural areas of Lincoln and Gaston counties to Gastonia. NC 274 was established in 1930 as a new primary routing, from NC 27 to U.S. Route 74 (US 74) and NC 20 (now NC 161) in Bessemer City. Around 1938, it was extended southeast to its current southern terminus at the South Carolina state line, where it continues as South Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274).", "id": "18047645" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 39\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 39 (SC 39) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects various rural communities and towns from the southwest to the northwest sections of the state. SC 39 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from the Savannah River Site to U.S. Route 221 (US 221) south of Laurens. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, traveling from SC 12, in Monetta, to SC 21, in Edgefield. In 1923, SC 39 was extended in", "id": "22043911" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 909\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 909 (SC 909) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities of northern Chester County. SC 909 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in Lowrys to SC 9 near Richburg. The route zig-zags in northern Chester County connecting small communities, and provides access to the Chester Catawba Regional Airport. Established in 1940 as a new primary routing, it originally traversed from SC 9 to US 21 in Lewis", "id": "12654301" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nwhich later became a secondary road by 1948. The current SC 79 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of part of SC 38, from Bennettsville to the North Carolina state line. Between 1967 and 1970, SC 79 was rerouted and replaced SC 383 to SC 9; the old alignment became SC 385. South Carolina Highway 383 (SC 383) was established by 1937 as new primary routing from SC 9 near Bennettsville to SC 79 near Gibson, North Carolina. It was renumbered as part of SC 79 by 1970.", "id": "21700755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 213\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 213 (SC 213) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through mostly rural areas of Newberry and Fairfield counties. It also connects Jenkinsville and the Winnsboro area. SC 213 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 176 (US 176) southeast of Pomaria within Newberry County, where the roadway continues as Parr Road. It travels to the east and crosses over Crims Creek. A short distance later, the highway crosses over the Broad River, Hampton Island and some railroad", "id": "16629962" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 145 (SC 145) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 145 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from U.S. Route 1 (US 1) near McBee, through the county seat of Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It also passes through forest and wildlife refuge areas. The entire route has been officially named the Carolinas Sandhills Parkway by the State of South Carolina. The first", "id": "21845728" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 200 (NC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south from the South Carolina state line near the community of JAARS, to US 601 near Concord. NC 200 traverses , starting at the South Carolina state line, through the city of Monroe, and the towns of Stanfield and Locust, before ending at US 601 near Concord. For its length, it is a two-lane rural highway except in Monroe where it is a four-", "id": "799955" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 151\n\n\n29 (US 29)/SC 15 in Anderson, to SC 20 in Williamston. By 1930, it was renumbered as SC 248. The current SC 151 was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 35 from Darlington to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 151 truncated at SC 9 in Pageland, its route north to the state line replaced by US 601. By 1958, SC 151 replaced SC 151 Alternate, bypassing Hartsville. In 1983, SC 151 was extended and bypassed east of Pageland, to its current", "id": "21952570" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 161 (SC 161) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill, York, and Kings Mountain, North Carolina. SC 161 is a multi-lane highway, traversing from U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and Interstate 77 (I-77), through the northern part of Rock Hill and north around York, to the back entrance area of Kings Mountain State Park and Kings Mountain National Military Park, and ends at the North Carolina state line", "id": "12487686" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 403\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 403 (SC 403) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Timmonsville and the surrounding rural area with the cities of Lake City and Hartsville. SC 403 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for beginning north of Lake City, along SC 341. Going through a northeasterly direction to Hobbs Crossroads, it then goes north to Sardis. Connecting with Interstate 95 (I-95) north of Sardis, it continues north connecting with U.S. Route 76 (US", "id": "22010317" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 212\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 212 (SC 212) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Williams by connecting it with nearby highways. SC 212 is a two-lane rural highway that connects the town of Williams between SC 64 and U.S. Route 21 (US 21). Within Williams, it intersects SC 362 at its eastern terminus. Established around 1938 as a new primary routing as a spur from US 21 to Williams. In 1940, it was extended south to its current", "id": "22114289" }, { "contents": "U.S. Route 521\n\n\nknown as Camden Highway. It passes under I-20 and proceeds to Camden. It then goes on to the town of Kershaw, running concurrent with US 601. The final city it goes through before going into North Carolina is Lancaster. US 521 traverses from the South Carolina state line to Interstate 485. The entire route is a four to six-lane divided highway, split in naming between Lancaster Highway and Johnston Road. Established in 1932, it was overlapped entirely with SC 26, from Georgetown to the North Carolina state line", "id": "21139357" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 83\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 83 (NC 83) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves to connect the towns of Maxton and Clio, South Carolina. NC 83 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line and goes north to end at NC 130 in Seven Bridges. The highway is flanked by both farmland and swamps. NC 83 was established in 1937 as a new primary routing from US 501 to the South Carolina state line, where it continues as SC", "id": "5127960" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 72\n\n\nas a renumbering of SC 7; it traversed from the Georgia state line, near Calhoun Falls, to US 21 in Chester. In 1950, it was extended northeast to US 21/SC 5 in Rock Hill, which replaced part of US 21. In 1951 or 1952, its routing was adjusted west of Greenwood replacing SC 702 and leaving Old Abbeville Highway (S-1-3 and S-24-1). In 1954, SC 72 was placed on bypass south and east around Chester; its old alignment became a business", "id": "7621861" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 198\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 198 (SC 198) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the town of Blacksburg at Interstate 85 (I-85) exit 102 and the northern terminus of SC 5 with the town of Earl, North Carolina by way of North Carolina Highway 198 (NC 198). Though it physically runs north and south, internal SCDOT data and the only signage of SC 198 at the I-85 / SC 5 intersection indicates that it runs east–west. A two-lane rural", "id": "18046947" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 246\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 246 (SC 246) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities and towns in eastern Greenwood County. SC 246 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Friendship to Hodges; connecting the town of Ninety Six and the communities of Coronaca and Cokesbury. The highway also provides access to Star Fort Pond, at Ninety Six National Historic Site, via Kinard Road (S-24-27). Established in 1930 as a replacement for part of SC 24", "id": "21868609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSC 145 appeared in 1941 or 1942 as a new primary route from SC 644 to US 15 north of Walterboro. In 1948, it was downgraded to secondary status, known today as McLeod Road. The current SC 145 was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 85; little has changed since. South Carolina Highway 85 (SC 85) was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 95, it traveled from US 1, near McBee, through Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It was renumbered to", "id": "21845729" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 157\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 157 (SC 157) is a state highway in the Sandhills region of South Carolina. Though it physically runs west to east, it is signed as a north-south road. Its southern terminus at its westernmost point at SC 341 in Kershaw, Lancaster County and its northern terminus (eastern end) at SC 346 about west of Catarrh in rural Kershaw County. SC 157 begins at an intersection with Marion Street and Minor Street in eastern Kershaw. From this point, SC 341 travels west on Marion Street", "id": "17035715" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 45\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 45 (SC 45) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as the main thoroughfare in northern Berkeley County. Established as an original state highway in 1922, it traversed from SC 41 in St. Stephen to SC 31 in St. Matthews. Around 1926, SC 45 was truncated west of St. Stephen along a new alignment of SC 41 (current U.S. Route 52 or US 52). By 1931, SC 45 was extended west on new primary routing to SC 24 in", "id": "22162620" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 781\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 781 (SC 781) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It is used as part of a bypass south of Aiken, between Augusta and Williston, in conjunction with U.S. Route 278 (US 278). SC 781 is a two-lane rural connector highway between US 278 and US 78. Established in 1940 as a new primary route, it traversed from SC 28 in Beech Island east to US 78 west of Williston. In 1953, SC 781 was truncated to its", "id": "15556341" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 49\n\n\nLake Wylie. Established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 163, it ran from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in York to the North Carolina state line in Lake Wylie. In 1956, SC 49 was extended southwest to its current southern terminus at US 221 in Watts Mills replacing SC 91 from York to Monarch, SC 92 from Monarch to Cross Anchor, and SC 30 from Cross Anchor to Watts Mills. In 1960 or 1961, SC 49 was rerouted from Lockhart to Mount Tabor. At an unknown date,", "id": "21332808" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 914\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 914 (SC 914) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Lancaster and Springdale, via Lancaster Mill. SC 914 begins at an intersection with SC 9 Business (SC 9 Bus.; West Meeting Street) on the Lancaster–Lancaster Mill line, within Lancaster County. It travels to the southeast and immediately enters Lancaster Mill proper and curves to the south-southeast. Just after Old Landsford Road, it crosses over some railroad tracks. One block later, at", "id": "18102740" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 211\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 211 (SC 211) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway serves the rural areas of southern Cherokee and western York counties. SC 211 is a two-lane rural highway. The highway begins at SC 150, north of Pacolet in Cherokee County, going easterly along Asbury Road to Asbury, where it connects with SC 18. Splitting from SC 18 onto Gowdeysville Road, it connects with SC 105 in Saratt. Solo again, when it splits from SC 105 with", "id": "14126145" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 20 (SC 20) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Abbeville, Belton, Williamston and Greenville. The highway is signed as a west-east highway though it physically runs south-to-north. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from the Georgia state line to SC 8 (Guess Street/Green Avenue) in Greenville; connecting McCormick, Abbeville, Due West, Honea Path, Belton, and Williamston.", "id": "19237178" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 555\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 555 (SC 555) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route from downtown Columbia to Blythewood. SC 555 traverses from SC 12 in downtown Columbia to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) near Blythewood. Before Interstate 77 (I-77) was completed in the area, SC 555 served as a major thoroughfare; today it is an alternate route. The highway is four lanes south of I-77 and two lanes north of it. The highway was established in", "id": "3546072" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nrenumbering of SC 12, it originally ran from US 521 to the North Carolina state line in Hancock. By 1964, SC 75 was extended to its current western terminus at SC 5 in Van Wyck, replacing part of SC 504. South Carolina Highway 75 Truck (Truck SC 75) is a truck route of SC 75 bypassing Van Wyck. When SC 75 merges off from US 521 near Van Wyck, Truck SC 75 begins and follows US 521 until an interchange with SC 5. Truck Route 75 then follows SC 5", "id": "20072881" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 37\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 37 (SC 37) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It provides a direct route between Barnwell and Springfield. SC 37 is a two-lane rural highway that travels between U.S. Route 278 (US 278) and SC 39, with a connection with US 78 in Elko. SC 37 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 1, in Barnwell, to SC 27, in Williston. In 1923, SC 37 was rerouted", "id": "16526209" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nRoute 176 (US 176)/SC 10 in Spartanburg to the North Carolina state line; it eventually became part of SC 9. The second appeared from 1938-1951 as a new primary routing from US 176 southeast of Pomaria to US 76/SC 2 near Ballentine. It was adjusted twice, in 1948 extending and replacing SC 664, and in 1950 shifting to meet with US 176/SC 121 split. It was eventually renumbered as an extension of US 176. South Carolina Highway 77 (SC 77) was established in 1937", "id": "21845186" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 97 (SC 97) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Camden, Great Falls, Chester, and Hickory Grove. SC 97 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 521 (US 521)/US 601 (Broad Street) in Camden within Kershaw County, northeast of the Camden Country Club. The highway travels to the northwest and meets US 521 Truck/US 601 Truck (Boykin Road) just before leaving the city limits of Camden. It travels through rural areas of the", "id": "15954609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 121\n\n\n, where US 21 continues north towards Fort Mill, while also connecting with SC 322. SC 121 had two previous stents in the state before its current routing was established. The first SC 121 was established in 1925 or 1926 as a new primary routing; it traversed from SC 27 in Aiken, northeast through Wagener and Pelion, to SC 2/SC 12 in Springdale. In 1928, it was renumbered as SC 215. The second SC 121 was established in 1929 or 1930 as new primary routing; it traversed from", "id": "4644891" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 901\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 901 (SC 901) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a slower alternate rural route to Interstate 77 (I-77) and the western bypass of Rock Hill. SC 901 begins along SC 200 near I-77. Going north, it hovers to the west and then east of I-77 and then passes through Richburg. After entering York County, it has its own interchange with I-77, then proceeds to form the western bypass of Rock Hill. It is a two-", "id": "16644755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\n27 around 1931, it traversed from SC 65 (current SC 61) in Givhans, to US 78 east of Ridgeville. In 1940, it was rerouted north from Ridgeville to US 78 and then spur up to the Berkeley County line. In 1941 or 1942, SC 27 was extended north into Berkeley County to SC 31 (current US 176). The first SC 27 was an original state highway; established in 1922, it traversed from SC 21 in Trenton, south to Aiken, then east through Williston, Blackville", "id": "22136169" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nAvenue (on state maps, it is officially SC 19 Connector); while SC 19 southbound travels along Laurens Street/Park Avenue onto Chesterfield Street. SC 19 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 2 in Newberry, north through Whitmire, Union, Spartanburg, Inman and Landrum, to the North Carolina state line continuing as NC 19. In 1923, it was extended south on new primary routing, through Saluda, to SC 21/SC 27 in Trenton. In 1927", "id": "16271415" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 179\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 179 (SC 179) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It travels from Little River to the North Carolina state line, near Calabash. One of the shortest state highways in the state, SC 179 starts at U.S. Route 17 (US 17) in Little River and travels to the North Carolina state line. The route continues on as NC 179, connecting the towns of Calabash, Sunset Beach, and Ocean Isle Beach. The entire route is two lanes wide with brief", "id": "6284330" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 47\n\n\nwas an original state highway (1922) that traversed from SC 40 in Green Sea, northwest through Nichols and Lake View, before entering North Carolina. By 1926 was renumbered to SC 94. SC 47 Truck in Elloree begins at Felderville Road (S-38-81) then onto Snider Street (S-38-1023); at Main Street, it goes back northwest, in concurrency with SC 6/SC 267, reuniting with SC 47 at its northern terminus. A Food Lion distribution center is located in the town, the", "id": "22136670" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 173\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 173 (SC 173) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with U.S. Route 78 (US 78). SC 173 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville northeast to US 78. The predominant features along the route are homes and forest. Established as the second SC 173 in 1940, it traversed from US 15 in Grover east to US 78 near Ridgeville; the section between Ridgeville and US 78 was", "id": "22136291" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 16\n\n\nit connected the cities and towns of Ridgeway, Winnsboro, Chester, York, and Clover. In 1927, US 21 was assigned between Columbia and Chester; the following year SC 16 was removed from that section. In 1931, the first SC 16 was decommissioned when US 321 was assigned on the remaining route. The second SC 16 appeared in 1939 as a new primary routing between SC 48 east to US 76 in Columbia. In 1940, it was extended north from US 76 to SC 12. In 1948, the", "id": "4796568" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 207 (SC 207) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It is entirely within the boundaries of Chesterfield County and serves to connect the city of Pageland, South Carolina to the city of Monroe, North Carolina via North Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207). Starting at the intersection of Elm Street and McGregor Street (U.S. Route 601 (US 601) and SC 9), it travels northwest for to the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 207 towards", "id": "5806442" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 81\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 81 (SC 81) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects rural areas of McCormick County with Greenville, via Calhoun Falls, Iva, Homeland Park, and Anderson. SC 81 begins at an intersection with SC 28 east-southeast of Lethia within McCormick County. This intersection is within Sumter National Forest and just north of SC 28's crossing of Long Cane Creek. It travels to the northwest and curves to the west-southwest and travels through Lethia. It then", "id": "18281932" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 905\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 905 (NC 905) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves as part of an alternate route between Whiteville and Conway, South Carolina, through southeastern Columbus County. NC 905 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina line and South Carolina Highway 905 (SC 905) in Olyphic. Traveling north, it connects with NC 904 in Pireway. After its concurrency with NC 904, it continues solo for , connecting the communities of Bug Hill and", "id": "14981023" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nCarolina state line, near Earl. South Carolina reciprocate in 1930 with the establishment of SC 111 from the state line to Gaffney, which was later renumbered SC 18 in 1937. In 1929, NC 18 was extended north, replacing NC 67, through Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro, to US 21/NC 26 in Sparta. Also in 1929, NC 18 was rerouted south of Morganton going through the Sunnyside community and leaving behind Enola and Enola Road (SR 1922). In 1930, NC 18 was extended northeast along new", "id": "12715101" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 165\n\n\nit curves to the northwest to meet its northern terminus, and intersection with US 17 Alternate (N. Main Street) and Berkeley Circle. Established in 1939 as a new primary highway, SC 165 originally traversed from its current southern terminus to US 17 in Ravenel. This section has remained relatively unchanged; with an exception in Hollywood, where it was realigned in the 1980s, removing a concurrency with SC 162 and leaving Town Council Road. Around 1952, SC 165 was extended north on mostly new construction to Cooks Crossroads, where", "id": "6640073" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 19 (SC 19) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Aiken directly with the Savannah River Site and Edgefield via U.S. Route 25 (US 25). SC 19 operates as arterial four-lane highway from Aiken to the Savannah River Site; to its north, it is a two-lane rural highway to Trenton, where it connects with US 25 and SC 121. In Aiken's downtown area, SC 19 is signed, northbound along Chesterfield Street and Richland", "id": "16271414" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nover SC 200, and quickly SC 9 Business is out of downtown on E. Arch St. A half mile after crossing over SC 200, SC 9 Business ends at SC 9 Bypass. Other than Spartanburg, the City of Lancaster is the largest urban area SC 9 runs through before reaching the North Myrtle Beach area. Like all the numbered highways in Chester, SC 9 Business goes straight through downtown, and the bypass route makes a half-moon path around Chester. SC 9 Business shares a brief concurrency with US 321 Business", "id": "5557121" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\n), replacing US 29 Business (US 29 Bus.). In 2000, SC 20 was extended to its current northern terminus at Falls Park Drive (formerly Camperdown Way) just shy of US 123, replacing part of US 25 Bus. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn.) is a connector route, in concurrency with SC 28 Conn. It connects SC 20 with SC 28, north of Abbeville. The route is unsigned its entire length. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn) is a", "id": "19237181" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Its entire length runs through Union County and serves as the primary connector between the towns of Waxhaw, Mineral Springs, and Monroe. The route roughly parallels a CSX railroad line for its entire span. NC 75 starts at the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, near Hancock, South Carolina. In South Carolina, it continues as SC 75 for to SC 5, in Van Wyck. Heading east from the", "id": "5127428" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 137\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 137 (SC 137) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Norris with rural areas of Pickens, via Six Mile. SC 135 begins at an intersection with SC 93 (Norris Drive) in Norris, within Pickens County, where the roadway continues as East Jamison Street. It travels to the northwest and crosses over Twelve Mile Creek just north of Cateechee. In Six Mile, the highway intersects SC 133 (South Main Street). The two highways travel concurrently until", "id": "16201660" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 59\n\n\n24. The road heads on its northeast trajectory until it meets its northern terminus, an intersection with U.S. Route 76 (US 76), US 123, SC 28 in Seneca. Established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 181 and part of SC 182, SC 59 traversed from the Georgia state line to Fair Play, then north to Seneca ending at US 76/SC 13/SC 28. By 1963, SC 59 was truncated at I-85 due to Lake Hartwell submerging the route to Georgia. The portion south of", "id": "4730382" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects the city of Wadesboro with the towns of Oakboro and Chesterfield, South Carolina. NC 742 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, where continuing south on South Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) would lead to Chesterfield. In Wadesboro, it first runs concurrent with NC 109 before going through the downtown area. At the intersection of Caswell and Greene Streets,", "id": "4827585" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 68\n\n\n-lane configuration about north of the I-95 junction. Passing underneath I-95, SC 68 returns to a two-lane configuration as it enters Yemassee before terminating at an intersection with US 17 Alternate and US 21. Established in 1967 as a renumbering of SC 28, it has remained unchanged since. Prior to the current routing, SC 68 had two previous incarnations: In 1937-38 from Clio to the North Carolina state line (renumbered as SC 83), and in 1938-47 as a short highway spur from US", "id": "6817262" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the South Carolina state line to NC 274 near the unincorporated community of Tryon. NC 216 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, from Kings Mountain National Military Park; the road continues south towards the park as South Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216). Going north, it crosses over Interstate 85 then has a short overlap with", "id": "21201754" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 51\n\n\nroad that starts at US 21 near Fort Mill and ends at the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 51 through Pineville. The route is entirely two-lane, expanding to four lanes at the state line. Established as a new primary routing in 1926; the original routing ran from SC 40 (today as US 701) along Choppee Road (today as S-22-4) and Hemingway Highway (today as SC 261) to Hemingway then onto Florence, ending at SC 41 (today as US", "id": "9677788" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 18 (NC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Traveling north–south through the Foothills region, it connects the cities of Shelby, Morganton, Lenoir, Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro. NC 18 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that travels in western North Carolina. Starting as a continuation of SC 18, at the South Carolina state line near Earl, NC 18 travels north into Shelby, where it overlaps with NC 150 and crosses US 74/NC 226", "id": "12715094" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 93\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 93 (abbreviated S.C. Highway 93 or SC 93) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It runs from U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and SC 28 in Clemson northeast to US 123 in Easley. The highway begins at an interchange with the US 76/SC 28 concurrency and Old Greenville Highway east of downtown Clemson. West of this point, Old Greenville Highway passes through downtown Clemson and the campus of Clemson University and is signed as SC 93 though it is not officially", "id": "22146588" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 27 (SC 27) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with nearby highways. SC 27 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville south to the unincorporated community of Givhans to its south and highways U.S. Route 78 (US 78), Interstate 26 (I-26), and US 176 to its north. The predominant features along the route is farmland mixed with forest and swamps. Established as the second SC", "id": "22136168" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 48\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 48 (SC 48) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves southern Richland County and access to the Congaree National Park. SC 48 begins in downtown Columbia along Assembly Street. It traverses west, passing alongside the South Carolina State House and the University of South Carolina, before turning onto Rosewood Drive and then onto Bluff Road. After leaving the Columbia city limits, it continues through southeastern Richland County as a two-lane rural highway to U.S. Route 601 (US 601", "id": "12287717" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 310\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 310 (SC 310) is an long state highway in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a south-north orientation from Holly Hill north to Vance, and then northwest to its northern terminus, completely within Orangeburg County. SC 310 begins at an intersection with US 176 in Holly Hill. The route heads north to an intersection with SC 45, north of the city. The road continues north into the city of Vance, where it intersects SC 210. After", "id": "4731054" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 57\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 57 (SC 57) is a state highway in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a southeast-northwest orientation from the unincorporated community of Fork northwest through Dillon to Little Rock and then curves northeasterly to the North Carolina state line, north of Little Rock, all completely within Dillon County. SC 57 begins at an intersection with SC 41 and SC 41 Alternate in Fork. The route heads northeast through the town of Floydale until it enters Dillon. In town,", "id": "4796454" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nthe beachfront. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from SC 23 in Dillon, west to SC 10, in Enoree. By 1926, SC 9 was extended east to Lake View, then replacing SC 47 to Green Sea, then southeast on new primary routing to Little River. On its northern end, SC 9 rerouted from Kelly to SC 19, near Spartanburg, replacing SC 92. The route from Kelly to Enoree was renumbered SC 92. In 1927, SC 9 was rerouted between Pageland to", "id": "5557113" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 38\n\n\nconnected with the newly renumbered SC 38. NC 38 has not changed since. North Carolina Highway 771 (NC 771) first appeared as a new primary routing in 1930, traveling from US 311/NC 77, east of Winston-Salem, to US 421/NC 60, in Kernersville. In 1936, NC 771 was replaced by an extension of NC 150. The second NC 771 was established as new primary routing in 1936, from Hamlet to the South Carolina state line, where it continued as SC 96.", "id": "20812160" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\n72 via Central Avenue, Park Street and Glenn Street. SC 66 was established in 1934 as a new primary routing, traversing from SC 56 to US 76/SC 2 in Goldville (now Joanna). In 1941 or 1942, a second SC 66 was created, from SC 706 in Eisons Crossroads to the Newberry-Laurens county line. In 1948, the two sections of SC 66 were connected, and was also extended east into Whitmire replacing part of SC 706. South Carolina Highway 706 (SC 706) was", "id": "15134091" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 513\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 513 (SC 513) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through rural areas of Georgetown County. SC 513 begins at an intersection with SC 41/SC 51 (County Line Road) south-southwest of Hopewell, on the Williamsburg–Georgetown county line. It travels to the north-northeast, on the county line, and nearly immediately intersects the eastern terminus of SC 512 (Henry Road). The highway turns right onto Pleasant Hill Drive and travels to", "id": "17729308" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 66 (SC 66) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the community of Joanna with nearby SC 56 and the town of Whitmire. SC 66 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from SC 56 to SC 72 in Whitmire. It connects to U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and Interstate 26 (I-26). Predominantly in the Sumter National Forest, it meanders through forest lands; in Whitmire, it takes a couple of turns before reaching SC", "id": "15134090" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 60\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 60 (SC 60) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Irmo, connecting nearby Lake Murray and Harbison State Forest. SC 60 is a mostly four-lane with median suburban highway that travels from SC 6 to U.S. Route 176 (US 176), with an interchange with Interstate 26 (I-26)/US 76. SC 60 was established in 1929 as a new primary routing. The route has remained unchanged since inception, though its eastern endpoint was originally US", "id": "22092019" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 64\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 64 (SC 64) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the cities of Barnwell and Walterboro while also providing a direct route to Charleston, via U.S. Route 17 (US 17). SC 64 was established around 1926 as a new primary routing from SC 28 near Ellenton, to SC 6/SC 301 near Ruffin. In 1928, SC 64 was extended east to US 17 in Walterboro, replacing part of SC 6. Around 1930, SC 64 was extended", "id": "22114149" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\n, US 176 was assigned to SC 19 from Newberry to the North Carolina state line; the following year it was removed from the overlap. Also in 1928, SC 19 was extended south, replacing part of SC 27 to US 1/US 78 in Aiken. In 1929 or 1930, SC 19 was extended south (again) to SC 28 north of Ellenton. Around 1952, the Savannah River Site was established; which removed of highway in what is now a restricted area. By 1955, SC 19 was widened", "id": "16271416" } ]

[ { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 200 (SC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Winnsboro, Great Falls, and Lancaster. SC 200 is mostly a rural two-lane highway, traversing northwest from Winnsboro, through Great Falls and Lancaster, to the North Carolina state line. Established in 1937 as a renumbering part of SC 93 to match NC 200; it originally traversed from US 521 to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 200 was extended to its", "id": "18356164" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 903\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 903 (SC 903) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Lancaster to Darlington, Florence, and the Grand Strand. SC 903 is a two-lane rural highway, from Catarrh to Lancaster. Control cities listed southbound include Myrtle Beach. Established either in 1929 or 1930 as a new primary routing, it traversed from SC 35 in Catarrh to SC 9 in Midway. In 1949, SC 903 was extended north to its current northern terminus in Lancaster, replacing an", "id": "22013136" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 99\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 99 (SC 99) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Great Falls with rural areas of Chester County. SC 99 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and SC 200 (Pendergrass Boulevard) in Great Falls within Chester County. It travels to the northwest. On the edge of the city limits of the town is an intersection with SC 97 (Francis Avenue). They have a very brief concurrency. SC 99 travels in a north", "id": "16138937" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Chesterfield with Wadesboro, North Carolina. SC 742 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 145, near Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. The road continues into North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) towards Wadesboro. It was established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 850 and to match NC 742, little has changed since. SC 850 was established in", "id": "21845915" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nlane road from Charlotte Avenue to US 74 and a six-lane divided highway on its concurrency with US 74 and US 601. Established in 1930, it traveled from Monroe at US 74/NC 20/NC 25/NC 151 south to the South Carolina state line where it changed into SC 93 (renumbered to SC 200 in 1937). Between 1931-36, NC 200 was realigned north of Old Highway Road near Jackson. In 1936, the highway was extended north via Franklin Street, Church Street, Winchester", "id": "799956" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\n. The first SC 161 appeared in 1923 as a new primary routing from SC 16 in Eau Claire to SC 22. It was extended northwest by 1926 to SC 7 in Leeds. In 1928, the entire route was renumbered as part of SC 215. The current SC 161 was established in 1930 as a new primary route, it originally traversed from SC 16 (today US 321) to the North Carolina state line, continuing as North Carolina Highway 215 (renumbered in 1937 to NC 161). In 1959, SC", "id": "12487687" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 109\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 109 (SC 109) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 109 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from SC 145 through Ruby and Mount Croghan, to the North Carolina state line. SC 109 was established in either 1937 or 1938 as a new primary route from SC 9 in Mount Croghan to the North Carolina state line. In 1939, it was extended south to SC 85. In", "id": "21845959" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 177 (SC 177) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the community of Wallace with Hamlet, North Carolina. SC 177 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from Wallace at SC 9 to the North Carolina state line. The highway was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 77, little has changed since. Two predecessors existed before the current SC 177 came to existence. The first appeared from 1930-1936 as a new primary routing from U.S.", "id": "21845185" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 79 (SC 79) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects communities in western Marlboro County. SC 79 is a two-lane rural highway, traversing from SC 9 to the North Carolina state line where the road continues in Gibson, North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 79. Originally established in 1937 as a new primary route, it connected U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Denmark, to Voorhees College. In 1938, it was replaced by SC 68,", "id": "21700754" }, { "contents": "Winnsboro, South Carolina\n\n\nand south to Columbia. SC 34 leads southeast to Ridgeway and west to Newberry. SC 200 leads northeast to Great Falls. The unincorporated community of Winnsboro Mills borders the south side of Winnsboro. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Winnsboro has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,564 people, 1,454 households, and 984 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,109.6 people per square mile (428.9/km²). There were 1,597 housing", "id": "9585095" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 34\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 34 (SC 34) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As one of the longer state highways, it traverses the state east-west from Greenwood to Dillon, connecting the cities of Newberry, Winnsboro, Camden, Bishopville and Darlington. SC 34 begins as a hidden highway in downtown Greenwood, at the intersection of Main Street and Maxwell Avenue. On city and state official maps, SC 34 is on an east parallel to U.S. Route 25 Business (US 25 Bus.", "id": "13565724" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 385\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 385 (SC 385) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Bennettsville with northern Marlboro County. SC 385 is a two-lane (mostly) rural highway, traverses from Bennettsville north to SC 79, near the North Carolina state line. The first SC 385 appeared around 1941-42 as a new primary route from SC 341 to U.S. Route 15 (US 15)/SC 34. In 1948, it was downgraded to a secondary road. The current SC", "id": "21700661" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill and Gastonia, North Carolina. Though it generally runs in a north-south fashion, it is signed west-east. SC 274 is mostly a four-lane suburban highway that traverses , from the North Carolina state line, where the road continues north as North Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274), to downtown Rock Hill at SC 322. Established in 1937 as a", "id": "18047413" }, { "contents": "Interstate 77 in South Carolina\n\n\nthe town of Ridgeway and passes under the NS R-Line. The freeway passes to the east of Winnsboro, which is accessed via SC 34 or the next interchange with Road 41. I-77 has junction with Road 20 and SC 200 near Mitford before entering Chester County. The freeway has an interchange with SC 97 (Great Falls Road), which connects the county seat of Chester to the west with the town of Great Falls to the east. Great Falls is where the Piedmont-based Catawba River reaches the Fall Line", "id": "7110295" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 522\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 522 (SC 522) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect communities in central Lancaster County. SC 522 is a two-lane rural highway, from Liberty Hill to the North Carolina state line, near Sapps Crossroads. It is similar to a Farm-to-market road that it provides no real destination for travelers, but does provides access to farmland in central Lancaster County. Originally established in either 1937 or 1938, it was a new primary route", "id": "22034481" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 381 (SC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the towns in eastern Marlboro County. SC 381 traverses from Blenheim at SC 38 to the North Carolina state line where it continues as North Carolina Highway 381 into Gibson, North Carolina. As a two-lane rural highway, it connects the towns of Clio and McColl. The highway was established in 1930 as a new primary route from SC 38 in Blenheim to SC 9 in Clio. In 1931 or", "id": "21652315" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 381 (NC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Hamlet and Gibson. NC 381 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from the South Carolina state line in Gibson to U.S. Route 74 Business near Hamlet. The highway is flanked with farms and has little traffic. Established in 1940 as a renumbering of NC 78 when the route was extended to the South Carolina state line, connecting with SC 381; remained unchanged since inception.", "id": "8146479" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 75 (SC 75) is an state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The road is a mainly rural road. Its eastern terminus at the North Carolina state line at North Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75). SC 75 is a road for most of its existence, as it is here. After running for two miles (3 km) through the tip of Lancaster County, SC 75 overlaps U.S. Route 521 (US 521), running south. From Hancock, the road continues on", "id": "20072879" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 702\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 702 (SC 702) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Greenwood State Park. SC 702 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from SC 246 between Ninety Six and Coronaca, to SC 39 north of Saluda. The current routing of SC 702 was created by 1952 and has remained unchanged since. It was originally established in 1940 as a loop off SC 7 west of Greenwood. By 1942, SC 702 was extended east", "id": "21868670" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 21\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 21 (NC 21) was a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. At its height, it traversed from the South Carolina state line to Raleigh, connecting the cities of Fayetteville, and Lillington. Established as an original state highway, it traversed from the South Carolina state line (continuing as SC 47 to Lake View) north through Lumberton, Fayetteville, and Lillington before ending at NC 10, in Raleigh. In 1925, NC 21 was rerouted south of Fayetteville, replacing NC 22", "id": "18985691" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 265\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 265 (SC 265) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Jefferson with the cities of Kershaw and Chesterfield. SC 265 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 601 (US 601) north of Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. The highway was established in 1928 as a new primary routing from SC 26 in Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. In 1940, it was extended southwest to SC 97 in Liberty Hill. In 1948", "id": "21903505" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 55\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 55 (SC 55) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Clover to Blacksburg, Rock Hill, and Charlotte, North Carolina. SC 55 is a rural two-lane highway, with a median in and around Clover; between Clover and Lake Wylie, it is also paralleled by a major transmission line. It traverses from SC 5 near Kings Creek, to SC 49/SC 274 near Lake Wylie. Travelers to and from Charlotte would connect through", "id": "12594781" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 18 (SC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the cities of Union, Gaffney and Shelby, North Carolina. SC 18 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Fredrick Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 18 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of SC 111, from U.S. Route 29 (US 29) in Gaffney, to the North Carolina state line.", "id": "14222860" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 150\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 150 (SC 150) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Pacolet and Gaffney with the more rural areas of Spartanburg and Cherokee counties. SC 150 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Limestone Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 150 was established in 1940 as a renumbering of part of SC 103, from SC 18 in Gaffney to the North Carolina state line. In 1960-", "id": "14125945" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 223\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 223 (SC 223) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector between Richburg and Landsford Canal State Park. SC 223 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 9 and SC 901 outside of Richburg to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) in the community of Landsford and Landsford Canal State Park. The first SC 223 appeared from 1939-1940 as a spur off SC 22, renumbered as an extension of SC 901. The current SC", "id": "12079569" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the Kings Mountain National Military Park to North Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) at the North Carolina state line. SC 216 is a short two-lane rural highway in the northeast corner of Cherokee County. At its southern terminus at the Kings Mountain National Military Park entrance, the road continues east park-maintained towards York County and SC 161. SC 216 passes through a", "id": "21201795" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 215\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 215 (SC 215) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route to Union from either Columbia or Spartanburg. SC 215 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Columbia to Spartanburg; connecting Jenkinsville, Carlisle, Union, and Roebuck. It was established in 1928 as a renumbering of SC 121 and SC 161. It originally traveled from U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Aiken, northeast through Wagener, Pelion, Edmund, and", "id": "21764584" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 557\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 557 (SC 557) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector route between Clover and Lake Wylie. SC 557 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 55 near Clover to SC 49/SC 274 in Lake Wylie. The highway provides travelers a more direct route to and from Charlotte. Though it runs physically west-to-east, it is signed as a north-south highway with its western end as its southern terminus and", "id": "18047294" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is entirely in the boundaries of Union County and serves to connect the city of Monroe to the city of Pageland, South Carolina, at the South Carolina state line via SC 207. From the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, NC 207 is a two-lane rural highway traversing north through rolling hills of farmland. Once it enters Monroe city limits, it becomes Haynes Street, where it connects several", "id": "19757200" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nLancaster on a more southern route, avoiding the Tradesville area; The old alignment was briefly downgraded to secondary before being renumbered as SC 906. In 1933, SC 9 was realigned on a straight path from Loris to Little River; most of the old route was downgraded to secondary, with exception to Wampee and eastward becoming SC 90. In 1936, SC 9 was extended north through Spartanburg and Boiling Springs to its current northern terminus at the North Carolina state line; replacing SC 177. In 1940, SC 9 was extended", "id": "5557114" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 5\n\n\nroute from both US 521 and I-85 to both York and Rock Hill. Established as an original state highway, SC 5 originally traveled from SC 9 in Fort Lawn, through Rock Hill and York, to SC 8 in Blacksburg. In 1929 or 1930, SC 5 was extended south along new primary routing to SC 22 in Great Falls. In 1938, SC 5 was extended on both directions, connecting north to SC 18 and south to US 21 in Ridgeway. In 1939, SC 5 reached its longest length with its", "id": "22182862" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\ncounty, crosses over part of Lake Wateree, and enters Liberty Hill. There, it has an intersection with the western terminus of SC 522 (Stoneboro Road). A short distance later, it enters Lancaster County. It continues traveling through rural areas until it intersects SC 200 (Great Falls Highway). The two highways travel concurrently to the west. Almost immediately, they cross over the Catawba River on the Tom G. Mangum Bridge, where they enter Chester County. This bridge is just south of the Fishing Creek Dam", "id": "15954610" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 248\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 248 (SC 248) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Ninety Six National Historic Site. SC 248 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Epworth at U.S. Route 178 (US 178) to Ninety Six at SC 34/SC 246. Established in 1940, it is the second SC 248 and has remained unchanged since inception. The first SC 248 was established by 1930 as a renumbering of SC 151 from US 29", "id": "21840646" }, { "contents": "Ridgeway, South Carolina\n\n\n). U.S. Route 21 passes through the towns, leading north to Great Falls and south to Columbia. South Carolina Highway 34 leads west to Interstate 77 and east to Lugoff. Winnsboro, the county seat, is to the northwest via SC 34. According to the United States Census Bureau, Ridgeway has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 328 people, 138 households, and 96 families residing in the town. The population density was 692.7 people per square mile", "id": "9585082" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects rural areas of Lincoln and Gaston counties to Gastonia. NC 274 was established in 1930 as a new primary routing, from NC 27 to U.S. Route 74 (US 74) and NC 20 (now NC 161) in Bessemer City. Around 1938, it was extended southeast to its current southern terminus at the South Carolina state line, where it continues as South Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274).", "id": "18047645" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 39\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 39 (SC 39) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects various rural communities and towns from the southwest to the northwest sections of the state. SC 39 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from the Savannah River Site to U.S. Route 221 (US 221) south of Laurens. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, traveling from SC 12, in Monetta, to SC 21, in Edgefield. In 1923, SC 39 was extended in", "id": "22043911" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 909\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 909 (SC 909) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities of northern Chester County. SC 909 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in Lowrys to SC 9 near Richburg. The route zig-zags in northern Chester County connecting small communities, and provides access to the Chester Catawba Regional Airport. Established in 1940 as a new primary routing, it originally traversed from SC 9 to US 21 in Lewis", "id": "12654301" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nwhich later became a secondary road by 1948. The current SC 79 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of part of SC 38, from Bennettsville to the North Carolina state line. Between 1967 and 1970, SC 79 was rerouted and replaced SC 383 to SC 9; the old alignment became SC 385. South Carolina Highway 383 (SC 383) was established by 1937 as new primary routing from SC 9 near Bennettsville to SC 79 near Gibson, North Carolina. It was renumbered as part of SC 79 by 1970.", "id": "21700755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 213\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 213 (SC 213) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through mostly rural areas of Newberry and Fairfield counties. It also connects Jenkinsville and the Winnsboro area. SC 213 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 176 (US 176) southeast of Pomaria within Newberry County, where the roadway continues as Parr Road. It travels to the east and crosses over Crims Creek. A short distance later, the highway crosses over the Broad River, Hampton Island and some railroad", "id": "16629962" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 145 (SC 145) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 145 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from U.S. Route 1 (US 1) near McBee, through the county seat of Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It also passes through forest and wildlife refuge areas. The entire route has been officially named the Carolinas Sandhills Parkway by the State of South Carolina. The first", "id": "21845728" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 200 (NC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south from the South Carolina state line near the community of JAARS, to US 601 near Concord. NC 200 traverses , starting at the South Carolina state line, through the city of Monroe, and the towns of Stanfield and Locust, before ending at US 601 near Concord. For its length, it is a two-lane rural highway except in Monroe where it is a four-", "id": "799955" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 151\n\n\n29 (US 29)/SC 15 in Anderson, to SC 20 in Williamston. By 1930, it was renumbered as SC 248. The current SC 151 was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 35 from Darlington to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 151 truncated at SC 9 in Pageland, its route north to the state line replaced by US 601. By 1958, SC 151 replaced SC 151 Alternate, bypassing Hartsville. In 1983, SC 151 was extended and bypassed east of Pageland, to its current", "id": "21952570" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 161 (SC 161) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill, York, and Kings Mountain, North Carolina. SC 161 is a multi-lane highway, traversing from U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and Interstate 77 (I-77), through the northern part of Rock Hill and north around York, to the back entrance area of Kings Mountain State Park and Kings Mountain National Military Park, and ends at the North Carolina state line", "id": "12487686" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 403\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 403 (SC 403) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Timmonsville and the surrounding rural area with the cities of Lake City and Hartsville. SC 403 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for beginning north of Lake City, along SC 341. Going through a northeasterly direction to Hobbs Crossroads, it then goes north to Sardis. Connecting with Interstate 95 (I-95) north of Sardis, it continues north connecting with U.S. Route 76 (US", "id": "22010317" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 212\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 212 (SC 212) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Williams by connecting it with nearby highways. SC 212 is a two-lane rural highway that connects the town of Williams between SC 64 and U.S. Route 21 (US 21). Within Williams, it intersects SC 362 at its eastern terminus. Established around 1938 as a new primary routing as a spur from US 21 to Williams. In 1940, it was extended south to its current", "id": "22114289" }, { "contents": "U.S. Route 521\n\n\nknown as Camden Highway. It passes under I-20 and proceeds to Camden. It then goes on to the town of Kershaw, running concurrent with US 601. The final city it goes through before going into North Carolina is Lancaster. US 521 traverses from the South Carolina state line to Interstate 485. The entire route is a four to six-lane divided highway, split in naming between Lancaster Highway and Johnston Road. Established in 1932, it was overlapped entirely with SC 26, from Georgetown to the North Carolina state line", "id": "21139357" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 83\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 83 (NC 83) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves to connect the towns of Maxton and Clio, South Carolina. NC 83 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line and goes north to end at NC 130 in Seven Bridges. The highway is flanked by both farmland and swamps. NC 83 was established in 1937 as a new primary routing from US 501 to the South Carolina state line, where it continues as SC", "id": "5127960" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 72\n\n\nas a renumbering of SC 7; it traversed from the Georgia state line, near Calhoun Falls, to US 21 in Chester. In 1950, it was extended northeast to US 21/SC 5 in Rock Hill, which replaced part of US 21. In 1951 or 1952, its routing was adjusted west of Greenwood replacing SC 702 and leaving Old Abbeville Highway (S-1-3 and S-24-1). In 1954, SC 72 was placed on bypass south and east around Chester; its old alignment became a business", "id": "7621861" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 198\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 198 (SC 198) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the town of Blacksburg at Interstate 85 (I-85) exit 102 and the northern terminus of SC 5 with the town of Earl, North Carolina by way of North Carolina Highway 198 (NC 198). Though it physically runs north and south, internal SCDOT data and the only signage of SC 198 at the I-85 / SC 5 intersection indicates that it runs east–west. A two-lane rural", "id": "18046947" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 246\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 246 (SC 246) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities and towns in eastern Greenwood County. SC 246 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Friendship to Hodges; connecting the town of Ninety Six and the communities of Coronaca and Cokesbury. The highway also provides access to Star Fort Pond, at Ninety Six National Historic Site, via Kinard Road (S-24-27). Established in 1930 as a replacement for part of SC 24", "id": "21868609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSC 145 appeared in 1941 or 1942 as a new primary route from SC 644 to US 15 north of Walterboro. In 1948, it was downgraded to secondary status, known today as McLeod Road. The current SC 145 was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 85; little has changed since. South Carolina Highway 85 (SC 85) was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 95, it traveled from US 1, near McBee, through Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It was renumbered to", "id": "21845729" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 157\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 157 (SC 157) is a state highway in the Sandhills region of South Carolina. Though it physically runs west to east, it is signed as a north-south road. Its southern terminus at its westernmost point at SC 341 in Kershaw, Lancaster County and its northern terminus (eastern end) at SC 346 about west of Catarrh in rural Kershaw County. SC 157 begins at an intersection with Marion Street and Minor Street in eastern Kershaw. From this point, SC 341 travels west on Marion Street", "id": "17035715" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 45\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 45 (SC 45) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as the main thoroughfare in northern Berkeley County. Established as an original state highway in 1922, it traversed from SC 41 in St. Stephen to SC 31 in St. Matthews. Around 1926, SC 45 was truncated west of St. Stephen along a new alignment of SC 41 (current U.S. Route 52 or US 52). By 1931, SC 45 was extended west on new primary routing to SC 24 in", "id": "22162620" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 781\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 781 (SC 781) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It is used as part of a bypass south of Aiken, between Augusta and Williston, in conjunction with U.S. Route 278 (US 278). SC 781 is a two-lane rural connector highway between US 278 and US 78. Established in 1940 as a new primary route, it traversed from SC 28 in Beech Island east to US 78 west of Williston. In 1953, SC 781 was truncated to its", "id": "15556341" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 49\n\n\nLake Wylie. Established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 163, it ran from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in York to the North Carolina state line in Lake Wylie. In 1956, SC 49 was extended southwest to its current southern terminus at US 221 in Watts Mills replacing SC 91 from York to Monarch, SC 92 from Monarch to Cross Anchor, and SC 30 from Cross Anchor to Watts Mills. In 1960 or 1961, SC 49 was rerouted from Lockhart to Mount Tabor. At an unknown date,", "id": "21332808" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 914\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 914 (SC 914) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Lancaster and Springdale, via Lancaster Mill. SC 914 begins at an intersection with SC 9 Business (SC 9 Bus.; West Meeting Street) on the Lancaster–Lancaster Mill line, within Lancaster County. It travels to the southeast and immediately enters Lancaster Mill proper and curves to the south-southeast. Just after Old Landsford Road, it crosses over some railroad tracks. One block later, at", "id": "18102740" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 211\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 211 (SC 211) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway serves the rural areas of southern Cherokee and western York counties. SC 211 is a two-lane rural highway. The highway begins at SC 150, north of Pacolet in Cherokee County, going easterly along Asbury Road to Asbury, where it connects with SC 18. Splitting from SC 18 onto Gowdeysville Road, it connects with SC 105 in Saratt. Solo again, when it splits from SC 105 with", "id": "14126145" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 20 (SC 20) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Abbeville, Belton, Williamston and Greenville. The highway is signed as a west-east highway though it physically runs south-to-north. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from the Georgia state line to SC 8 (Guess Street/Green Avenue) in Greenville; connecting McCormick, Abbeville, Due West, Honea Path, Belton, and Williamston.", "id": "19237178" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 555\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 555 (SC 555) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route from downtown Columbia to Blythewood. SC 555 traverses from SC 12 in downtown Columbia to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) near Blythewood. Before Interstate 77 (I-77) was completed in the area, SC 555 served as a major thoroughfare; today it is an alternate route. The highway is four lanes south of I-77 and two lanes north of it. The highway was established in", "id": "3546072" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nrenumbering of SC 12, it originally ran from US 521 to the North Carolina state line in Hancock. By 1964, SC 75 was extended to its current western terminus at SC 5 in Van Wyck, replacing part of SC 504. South Carolina Highway 75 Truck (Truck SC 75) is a truck route of SC 75 bypassing Van Wyck. When SC 75 merges off from US 521 near Van Wyck, Truck SC 75 begins and follows US 521 until an interchange with SC 5. Truck Route 75 then follows SC 5", "id": "20072881" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 37\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 37 (SC 37) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It provides a direct route between Barnwell and Springfield. SC 37 is a two-lane rural highway that travels between U.S. Route 278 (US 278) and SC 39, with a connection with US 78 in Elko. SC 37 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 1, in Barnwell, to SC 27, in Williston. In 1923, SC 37 was rerouted", "id": "16526209" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nRoute 176 (US 176)/SC 10 in Spartanburg to the North Carolina state line; it eventually became part of SC 9. The second appeared from 1938-1951 as a new primary routing from US 176 southeast of Pomaria to US 76/SC 2 near Ballentine. It was adjusted twice, in 1948 extending and replacing SC 664, and in 1950 shifting to meet with US 176/SC 121 split. It was eventually renumbered as an extension of US 176. South Carolina Highway 77 (SC 77) was established in 1937", "id": "21845186" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 97 (SC 97) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Camden, Great Falls, Chester, and Hickory Grove. SC 97 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 521 (US 521)/US 601 (Broad Street) in Camden within Kershaw County, northeast of the Camden Country Club. The highway travels to the northwest and meets US 521 Truck/US 601 Truck (Boykin Road) just before leaving the city limits of Camden. It travels through rural areas of the", "id": "15954609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 121\n\n\n, where US 21 continues north towards Fort Mill, while also connecting with SC 322. SC 121 had two previous stents in the state before its current routing was established. The first SC 121 was established in 1925 or 1926 as a new primary routing; it traversed from SC 27 in Aiken, northeast through Wagener and Pelion, to SC 2/SC 12 in Springdale. In 1928, it was renumbered as SC 215. The second SC 121 was established in 1929 or 1930 as new primary routing; it traversed from", "id": "4644891" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 901\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 901 (SC 901) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a slower alternate rural route to Interstate 77 (I-77) and the western bypass of Rock Hill. SC 901 begins along SC 200 near I-77. Going north, it hovers to the west and then east of I-77 and then passes through Richburg. After entering York County, it has its own interchange with I-77, then proceeds to form the western bypass of Rock Hill. It is a two-", "id": "16644755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\n27 around 1931, it traversed from SC 65 (current SC 61) in Givhans, to US 78 east of Ridgeville. In 1940, it was rerouted north from Ridgeville to US 78 and then spur up to the Berkeley County line. In 1941 or 1942, SC 27 was extended north into Berkeley County to SC 31 (current US 176). The first SC 27 was an original state highway; established in 1922, it traversed from SC 21 in Trenton, south to Aiken, then east through Williston, Blackville", "id": "22136169" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nAvenue (on state maps, it is officially SC 19 Connector); while SC 19 southbound travels along Laurens Street/Park Avenue onto Chesterfield Street. SC 19 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 2 in Newberry, north through Whitmire, Union, Spartanburg, Inman and Landrum, to the North Carolina state line continuing as NC 19. In 1923, it was extended south on new primary routing, through Saluda, to SC 21/SC 27 in Trenton. In 1927", "id": "16271415" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 179\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 179 (SC 179) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It travels from Little River to the North Carolina state line, near Calabash. One of the shortest state highways in the state, SC 179 starts at U.S. Route 17 (US 17) in Little River and travels to the North Carolina state line. The route continues on as NC 179, connecting the towns of Calabash, Sunset Beach, and Ocean Isle Beach. The entire route is two lanes wide with brief", "id": "6284330" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 47\n\n\nwas an original state highway (1922) that traversed from SC 40 in Green Sea, northwest through Nichols and Lake View, before entering North Carolina. By 1926 was renumbered to SC 94. SC 47 Truck in Elloree begins at Felderville Road (S-38-81) then onto Snider Street (S-38-1023); at Main Street, it goes back northwest, in concurrency with SC 6/SC 267, reuniting with SC 47 at its northern terminus. A Food Lion distribution center is located in the town, the", "id": "22136670" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 173\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 173 (SC 173) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with U.S. Route 78 (US 78). SC 173 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville northeast to US 78. The predominant features along the route are homes and forest. Established as the second SC 173 in 1940, it traversed from US 15 in Grover east to US 78 near Ridgeville; the section between Ridgeville and US 78 was", "id": "22136291" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 16\n\n\nit connected the cities and towns of Ridgeway, Winnsboro, Chester, York, and Clover. In 1927, US 21 was assigned between Columbia and Chester; the following year SC 16 was removed from that section. In 1931, the first SC 16 was decommissioned when US 321 was assigned on the remaining route. The second SC 16 appeared in 1939 as a new primary routing between SC 48 east to US 76 in Columbia. In 1940, it was extended north from US 76 to SC 12. In 1948, the", "id": "4796568" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 207 (SC 207) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It is entirely within the boundaries of Chesterfield County and serves to connect the city of Pageland, South Carolina to the city of Monroe, North Carolina via North Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207). Starting at the intersection of Elm Street and McGregor Street (U.S. Route 601 (US 601) and SC 9), it travels northwest for to the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 207 towards", "id": "5806442" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 81\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 81 (SC 81) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects rural areas of McCormick County with Greenville, via Calhoun Falls, Iva, Homeland Park, and Anderson. SC 81 begins at an intersection with SC 28 east-southeast of Lethia within McCormick County. This intersection is within Sumter National Forest and just north of SC 28's crossing of Long Cane Creek. It travels to the northwest and curves to the west-southwest and travels through Lethia. It then", "id": "18281932" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 905\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 905 (NC 905) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves as part of an alternate route between Whiteville and Conway, South Carolina, through southeastern Columbus County. NC 905 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina line and South Carolina Highway 905 (SC 905) in Olyphic. Traveling north, it connects with NC 904 in Pireway. After its concurrency with NC 904, it continues solo for , connecting the communities of Bug Hill and", "id": "14981023" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nCarolina state line, near Earl. South Carolina reciprocate in 1930 with the establishment of SC 111 from the state line to Gaffney, which was later renumbered SC 18 in 1937. In 1929, NC 18 was extended north, replacing NC 67, through Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro, to US 21/NC 26 in Sparta. Also in 1929, NC 18 was rerouted south of Morganton going through the Sunnyside community and leaving behind Enola and Enola Road (SR 1922). In 1930, NC 18 was extended northeast along new", "id": "12715101" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 165\n\n\nit curves to the northwest to meet its northern terminus, and intersection with US 17 Alternate (N. Main Street) and Berkeley Circle. Established in 1939 as a new primary highway, SC 165 originally traversed from its current southern terminus to US 17 in Ravenel. This section has remained relatively unchanged; with an exception in Hollywood, where it was realigned in the 1980s, removing a concurrency with SC 162 and leaving Town Council Road. Around 1952, SC 165 was extended north on mostly new construction to Cooks Crossroads, where", "id": "6640073" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 19 (SC 19) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Aiken directly with the Savannah River Site and Edgefield via U.S. Route 25 (US 25). SC 19 operates as arterial four-lane highway from Aiken to the Savannah River Site; to its north, it is a two-lane rural highway to Trenton, where it connects with US 25 and SC 121. In Aiken's downtown area, SC 19 is signed, northbound along Chesterfield Street and Richland", "id": "16271414" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nover SC 200, and quickly SC 9 Business is out of downtown on E. Arch St. A half mile after crossing over SC 200, SC 9 Business ends at SC 9 Bypass. Other than Spartanburg, the City of Lancaster is the largest urban area SC 9 runs through before reaching the North Myrtle Beach area. Like all the numbered highways in Chester, SC 9 Business goes straight through downtown, and the bypass route makes a half-moon path around Chester. SC 9 Business shares a brief concurrency with US 321 Business", "id": "5557121" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\n), replacing US 29 Business (US 29 Bus.). In 2000, SC 20 was extended to its current northern terminus at Falls Park Drive (formerly Camperdown Way) just shy of US 123, replacing part of US 25 Bus. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn.) is a connector route, in concurrency with SC 28 Conn. It connects SC 20 with SC 28, north of Abbeville. The route is unsigned its entire length. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn) is a", "id": "19237181" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Its entire length runs through Union County and serves as the primary connector between the towns of Waxhaw, Mineral Springs, and Monroe. The route roughly parallels a CSX railroad line for its entire span. NC 75 starts at the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, near Hancock, South Carolina. In South Carolina, it continues as SC 75 for to SC 5, in Van Wyck. Heading east from the", "id": "5127428" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 137\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 137 (SC 137) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Norris with rural areas of Pickens, via Six Mile. SC 135 begins at an intersection with SC 93 (Norris Drive) in Norris, within Pickens County, where the roadway continues as East Jamison Street. It travels to the northwest and crosses over Twelve Mile Creek just north of Cateechee. In Six Mile, the highway intersects SC 133 (South Main Street). The two highways travel concurrently until", "id": "16201660" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 59\n\n\n24. The road heads on its northeast trajectory until it meets its northern terminus, an intersection with U.S. Route 76 (US 76), US 123, SC 28 in Seneca. Established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 181 and part of SC 182, SC 59 traversed from the Georgia state line to Fair Play, then north to Seneca ending at US 76/SC 13/SC 28. By 1963, SC 59 was truncated at I-85 due to Lake Hartwell submerging the route to Georgia. The portion south of", "id": "4730382" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects the city of Wadesboro with the towns of Oakboro and Chesterfield, South Carolina. NC 742 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, where continuing south on South Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) would lead to Chesterfield. In Wadesboro, it first runs concurrent with NC 109 before going through the downtown area. At the intersection of Caswell and Greene Streets,", "id": "4827585" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 68\n\n\n-lane configuration about north of the I-95 junction. Passing underneath I-95, SC 68 returns to a two-lane configuration as it enters Yemassee before terminating at an intersection with US 17 Alternate and US 21. Established in 1967 as a renumbering of SC 28, it has remained unchanged since. Prior to the current routing, SC 68 had two previous incarnations: In 1937-38 from Clio to the North Carolina state line (renumbered as SC 83), and in 1938-47 as a short highway spur from US", "id": "6817262" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the South Carolina state line to NC 274 near the unincorporated community of Tryon. NC 216 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, from Kings Mountain National Military Park; the road continues south towards the park as South Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216). Going north, it crosses over Interstate 85 then has a short overlap with", "id": "21201754" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 51\n\n\nroad that starts at US 21 near Fort Mill and ends at the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 51 through Pineville. The route is entirely two-lane, expanding to four lanes at the state line. Established as a new primary routing in 1926; the original routing ran from SC 40 (today as US 701) along Choppee Road (today as S-22-4) and Hemingway Highway (today as SC 261) to Hemingway then onto Florence, ending at SC 41 (today as US", "id": "9677788" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 18 (NC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Traveling north–south through the Foothills region, it connects the cities of Shelby, Morganton, Lenoir, Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro. NC 18 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that travels in western North Carolina. Starting as a continuation of SC 18, at the South Carolina state line near Earl, NC 18 travels north into Shelby, where it overlaps with NC 150 and crosses US 74/NC 226", "id": "12715094" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 93\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 93 (abbreviated S.C. Highway 93 or SC 93) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It runs from U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and SC 28 in Clemson northeast to US 123 in Easley. The highway begins at an interchange with the US 76/SC 28 concurrency and Old Greenville Highway east of downtown Clemson. West of this point, Old Greenville Highway passes through downtown Clemson and the campus of Clemson University and is signed as SC 93 though it is not officially", "id": "22146588" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 27 (SC 27) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with nearby highways. SC 27 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville south to the unincorporated community of Givhans to its south and highways U.S. Route 78 (US 78), Interstate 26 (I-26), and US 176 to its north. The predominant features along the route is farmland mixed with forest and swamps. Established as the second SC", "id": "22136168" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 48\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 48 (SC 48) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves southern Richland County and access to the Congaree National Park. SC 48 begins in downtown Columbia along Assembly Street. It traverses west, passing alongside the South Carolina State House and the University of South Carolina, before turning onto Rosewood Drive and then onto Bluff Road. After leaving the Columbia city limits, it continues through southeastern Richland County as a two-lane rural highway to U.S. Route 601 (US 601", "id": "12287717" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 310\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 310 (SC 310) is an long state highway in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a south-north orientation from Holly Hill north to Vance, and then northwest to its northern terminus, completely within Orangeburg County. SC 310 begins at an intersection with US 176 in Holly Hill. The route heads north to an intersection with SC 45, north of the city. The road continues north into the city of Vance, where it intersects SC 210. After", "id": "4731054" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 57\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 57 (SC 57) is a state highway in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a southeast-northwest orientation from the unincorporated community of Fork northwest through Dillon to Little Rock and then curves northeasterly to the North Carolina state line, north of Little Rock, all completely within Dillon County. SC 57 begins at an intersection with SC 41 and SC 41 Alternate in Fork. The route heads northeast through the town of Floydale until it enters Dillon. In town,", "id": "4796454" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nthe beachfront. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from SC 23 in Dillon, west to SC 10, in Enoree. By 1926, SC 9 was extended east to Lake View, then replacing SC 47 to Green Sea, then southeast on new primary routing to Little River. On its northern end, SC 9 rerouted from Kelly to SC 19, near Spartanburg, replacing SC 92. The route from Kelly to Enoree was renumbered SC 92. In 1927, SC 9 was rerouted between Pageland to", "id": "5557113" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 38\n\n\nconnected with the newly renumbered SC 38. NC 38 has not changed since. North Carolina Highway 771 (NC 771) first appeared as a new primary routing in 1930, traveling from US 311/NC 77, east of Winston-Salem, to US 421/NC 60, in Kernersville. In 1936, NC 771 was replaced by an extension of NC 150. The second NC 771 was established as new primary routing in 1936, from Hamlet to the South Carolina state line, where it continued as SC 96.", "id": "20812160" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\n72 via Central Avenue, Park Street and Glenn Street. SC 66 was established in 1934 as a new primary routing, traversing from SC 56 to US 76/SC 2 in Goldville (now Joanna). In 1941 or 1942, a second SC 66 was created, from SC 706 in Eisons Crossroads to the Newberry-Laurens county line. In 1948, the two sections of SC 66 were connected, and was also extended east into Whitmire replacing part of SC 706. South Carolina Highway 706 (SC 706) was", "id": "15134091" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 513\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 513 (SC 513) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through rural areas of Georgetown County. SC 513 begins at an intersection with SC 41/SC 51 (County Line Road) south-southwest of Hopewell, on the Williamsburg–Georgetown county line. It travels to the north-northeast, on the county line, and nearly immediately intersects the eastern terminus of SC 512 (Henry Road). The highway turns right onto Pleasant Hill Drive and travels to", "id": "17729308" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 66 (SC 66) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the community of Joanna with nearby SC 56 and the town of Whitmire. SC 66 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from SC 56 to SC 72 in Whitmire. It connects to U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and Interstate 26 (I-26). Predominantly in the Sumter National Forest, it meanders through forest lands; in Whitmire, it takes a couple of turns before reaching SC", "id": "15134090" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 60\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 60 (SC 60) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Irmo, connecting nearby Lake Murray and Harbison State Forest. SC 60 is a mostly four-lane with median suburban highway that travels from SC 6 to U.S. Route 176 (US 176), with an interchange with Interstate 26 (I-26)/US 76. SC 60 was established in 1929 as a new primary routing. The route has remained unchanged since inception, though its eastern endpoint was originally US", "id": "22092019" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 64\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 64 (SC 64) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the cities of Barnwell and Walterboro while also providing a direct route to Charleston, via U.S. Route 17 (US 17). SC 64 was established around 1926 as a new primary routing from SC 28 near Ellenton, to SC 6/SC 301 near Ruffin. In 1928, SC 64 was extended east to US 17 in Walterboro, replacing part of SC 6. Around 1930, SC 64 was extended", "id": "22114149" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\n, US 176 was assigned to SC 19 from Newberry to the North Carolina state line; the following year it was removed from the overlap. Also in 1928, SC 19 was extended south, replacing part of SC 27 to US 1/US 78 in Aiken. In 1929 or 1930, SC 19 was extended south (again) to SC 28 north of Ellenton. Around 1952, the Savannah River Site was established; which removed of highway in what is now a restricted area. By 1955, SC 19 was widened", "id": "16271416" } ]

[ { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 200 (SC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Winnsboro, Great Falls, and Lancaster. SC 200 is mostly a rural two-lane highway, traversing northwest from Winnsboro, through Great Falls and Lancaster, to the North Carolina state line. Established in 1937 as a renumbering part of SC 93 to match NC 200; it originally traversed from US 521 to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 200 was extended to its", "id": "18356164" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 903\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 903 (SC 903) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Lancaster to Darlington, Florence, and the Grand Strand. SC 903 is a two-lane rural highway, from Catarrh to Lancaster. Control cities listed southbound include Myrtle Beach. Established either in 1929 or 1930 as a new primary routing, it traversed from SC 35 in Catarrh to SC 9 in Midway. In 1949, SC 903 was extended north to its current northern terminus in Lancaster, replacing an", "id": "22013136" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 99\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 99 (SC 99) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Great Falls with rural areas of Chester County. SC 99 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and SC 200 (Pendergrass Boulevard) in Great Falls within Chester County. It travels to the northwest. On the edge of the city limits of the town is an intersection with SC 97 (Francis Avenue). They have a very brief concurrency. SC 99 travels in a north", "id": "16138937" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Chesterfield with Wadesboro, North Carolina. SC 742 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 145, near Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. The road continues into North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) towards Wadesboro. It was established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 850 and to match NC 742, little has changed since. SC 850 was established in", "id": "21845915" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nlane road from Charlotte Avenue to US 74 and a six-lane divided highway on its concurrency with US 74 and US 601. Established in 1930, it traveled from Monroe at US 74/NC 20/NC 25/NC 151 south to the South Carolina state line where it changed into SC 93 (renumbered to SC 200 in 1937). Between 1931-36, NC 200 was realigned north of Old Highway Road near Jackson. In 1936, the highway was extended north via Franklin Street, Church Street, Winchester", "id": "799956" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\n. The first SC 161 appeared in 1923 as a new primary routing from SC 16 in Eau Claire to SC 22. It was extended northwest by 1926 to SC 7 in Leeds. In 1928, the entire route was renumbered as part of SC 215. The current SC 161 was established in 1930 as a new primary route, it originally traversed from SC 16 (today US 321) to the North Carolina state line, continuing as North Carolina Highway 215 (renumbered in 1937 to NC 161). In 1959, SC", "id": "12487687" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 109\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 109 (SC 109) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 109 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from SC 145 through Ruby and Mount Croghan, to the North Carolina state line. SC 109 was established in either 1937 or 1938 as a new primary route from SC 9 in Mount Croghan to the North Carolina state line. In 1939, it was extended south to SC 85. In", "id": "21845959" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 177 (SC 177) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the community of Wallace with Hamlet, North Carolina. SC 177 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from Wallace at SC 9 to the North Carolina state line. The highway was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 77, little has changed since. Two predecessors existed before the current SC 177 came to existence. The first appeared from 1930-1936 as a new primary routing from U.S.", "id": "21845185" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 79 (SC 79) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects communities in western Marlboro County. SC 79 is a two-lane rural highway, traversing from SC 9 to the North Carolina state line where the road continues in Gibson, North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 79. Originally established in 1937 as a new primary route, it connected U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Denmark, to Voorhees College. In 1938, it was replaced by SC 68,", "id": "21700754" }, { "contents": "Winnsboro, South Carolina\n\n\nand south to Columbia. SC 34 leads southeast to Ridgeway and west to Newberry. SC 200 leads northeast to Great Falls. The unincorporated community of Winnsboro Mills borders the south side of Winnsboro. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Winnsboro has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,564 people, 1,454 households, and 984 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,109.6 people per square mile (428.9/km²). There were 1,597 housing", "id": "9585095" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 34\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 34 (SC 34) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As one of the longer state highways, it traverses the state east-west from Greenwood to Dillon, connecting the cities of Newberry, Winnsboro, Camden, Bishopville and Darlington. SC 34 begins as a hidden highway in downtown Greenwood, at the intersection of Main Street and Maxwell Avenue. On city and state official maps, SC 34 is on an east parallel to U.S. Route 25 Business (US 25 Bus.", "id": "13565724" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 385\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 385 (SC 385) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Bennettsville with northern Marlboro County. SC 385 is a two-lane (mostly) rural highway, traverses from Bennettsville north to SC 79, near the North Carolina state line. The first SC 385 appeared around 1941-42 as a new primary route from SC 341 to U.S. Route 15 (US 15)/SC 34. In 1948, it was downgraded to a secondary road. The current SC", "id": "21700661" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill and Gastonia, North Carolina. Though it generally runs in a north-south fashion, it is signed west-east. SC 274 is mostly a four-lane suburban highway that traverses , from the North Carolina state line, where the road continues north as North Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274), to downtown Rock Hill at SC 322. Established in 1937 as a", "id": "18047413" }, { "contents": "Interstate 77 in South Carolina\n\n\nthe town of Ridgeway and passes under the NS R-Line. The freeway passes to the east of Winnsboro, which is accessed via SC 34 or the next interchange with Road 41. I-77 has junction with Road 20 and SC 200 near Mitford before entering Chester County. The freeway has an interchange with SC 97 (Great Falls Road), which connects the county seat of Chester to the west with the town of Great Falls to the east. Great Falls is where the Piedmont-based Catawba River reaches the Fall Line", "id": "7110295" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 522\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 522 (SC 522) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect communities in central Lancaster County. SC 522 is a two-lane rural highway, from Liberty Hill to the North Carolina state line, near Sapps Crossroads. It is similar to a Farm-to-market road that it provides no real destination for travelers, but does provides access to farmland in central Lancaster County. Originally established in either 1937 or 1938, it was a new primary route", "id": "22034481" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 381 (SC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the towns in eastern Marlboro County. SC 381 traverses from Blenheim at SC 38 to the North Carolina state line where it continues as North Carolina Highway 381 into Gibson, North Carolina. As a two-lane rural highway, it connects the towns of Clio and McColl. The highway was established in 1930 as a new primary route from SC 38 in Blenheim to SC 9 in Clio. In 1931 or", "id": "21652315" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 381 (NC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Hamlet and Gibson. NC 381 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from the South Carolina state line in Gibson to U.S. Route 74 Business near Hamlet. The highway is flanked with farms and has little traffic. Established in 1940 as a renumbering of NC 78 when the route was extended to the South Carolina state line, connecting with SC 381; remained unchanged since inception.", "id": "8146479" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 75 (SC 75) is an state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The road is a mainly rural road. Its eastern terminus at the North Carolina state line at North Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75). SC 75 is a road for most of its existence, as it is here. After running for two miles (3 km) through the tip of Lancaster County, SC 75 overlaps U.S. Route 521 (US 521), running south. From Hancock, the road continues on", "id": "20072879" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 702\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 702 (SC 702) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Greenwood State Park. SC 702 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from SC 246 between Ninety Six and Coronaca, to SC 39 north of Saluda. The current routing of SC 702 was created by 1952 and has remained unchanged since. It was originally established in 1940 as a loop off SC 7 west of Greenwood. By 1942, SC 702 was extended east", "id": "21868670" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 21\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 21 (NC 21) was a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. At its height, it traversed from the South Carolina state line to Raleigh, connecting the cities of Fayetteville, and Lillington. Established as an original state highway, it traversed from the South Carolina state line (continuing as SC 47 to Lake View) north through Lumberton, Fayetteville, and Lillington before ending at NC 10, in Raleigh. In 1925, NC 21 was rerouted south of Fayetteville, replacing NC 22", "id": "18985691" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 265\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 265 (SC 265) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Jefferson with the cities of Kershaw and Chesterfield. SC 265 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 601 (US 601) north of Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. The highway was established in 1928 as a new primary routing from SC 26 in Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. In 1940, it was extended southwest to SC 97 in Liberty Hill. In 1948", "id": "21903505" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 55\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 55 (SC 55) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Clover to Blacksburg, Rock Hill, and Charlotte, North Carolina. SC 55 is a rural two-lane highway, with a median in and around Clover; between Clover and Lake Wylie, it is also paralleled by a major transmission line. It traverses from SC 5 near Kings Creek, to SC 49/SC 274 near Lake Wylie. Travelers to and from Charlotte would connect through", "id": "12594781" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 18 (SC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the cities of Union, Gaffney and Shelby, North Carolina. SC 18 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Fredrick Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 18 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of SC 111, from U.S. Route 29 (US 29) in Gaffney, to the North Carolina state line.", "id": "14222860" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 150\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 150 (SC 150) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Pacolet and Gaffney with the more rural areas of Spartanburg and Cherokee counties. SC 150 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Limestone Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 150 was established in 1940 as a renumbering of part of SC 103, from SC 18 in Gaffney to the North Carolina state line. In 1960-", "id": "14125945" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 223\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 223 (SC 223) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector between Richburg and Landsford Canal State Park. SC 223 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 9 and SC 901 outside of Richburg to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) in the community of Landsford and Landsford Canal State Park. The first SC 223 appeared from 1939-1940 as a spur off SC 22, renumbered as an extension of SC 901. The current SC", "id": "12079569" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the Kings Mountain National Military Park to North Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) at the North Carolina state line. SC 216 is a short two-lane rural highway in the northeast corner of Cherokee County. At its southern terminus at the Kings Mountain National Military Park entrance, the road continues east park-maintained towards York County and SC 161. SC 216 passes through a", "id": "21201795" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 215\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 215 (SC 215) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route to Union from either Columbia or Spartanburg. SC 215 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Columbia to Spartanburg; connecting Jenkinsville, Carlisle, Union, and Roebuck. It was established in 1928 as a renumbering of SC 121 and SC 161. It originally traveled from U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Aiken, northeast through Wagener, Pelion, Edmund, and", "id": "21764584" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 557\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 557 (SC 557) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector route between Clover and Lake Wylie. SC 557 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 55 near Clover to SC 49/SC 274 in Lake Wylie. The highway provides travelers a more direct route to and from Charlotte. Though it runs physically west-to-east, it is signed as a north-south highway with its western end as its southern terminus and", "id": "18047294" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is entirely in the boundaries of Union County and serves to connect the city of Monroe to the city of Pageland, South Carolina, at the South Carolina state line via SC 207. From the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, NC 207 is a two-lane rural highway traversing north through rolling hills of farmland. Once it enters Monroe city limits, it becomes Haynes Street, where it connects several", "id": "19757200" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nLancaster on a more southern route, avoiding the Tradesville area; The old alignment was briefly downgraded to secondary before being renumbered as SC 906. In 1933, SC 9 was realigned on a straight path from Loris to Little River; most of the old route was downgraded to secondary, with exception to Wampee and eastward becoming SC 90. In 1936, SC 9 was extended north through Spartanburg and Boiling Springs to its current northern terminus at the North Carolina state line; replacing SC 177. In 1940, SC 9 was extended", "id": "5557114" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 5\n\n\nroute from both US 521 and I-85 to both York and Rock Hill. Established as an original state highway, SC 5 originally traveled from SC 9 in Fort Lawn, through Rock Hill and York, to SC 8 in Blacksburg. In 1929 or 1930, SC 5 was extended south along new primary routing to SC 22 in Great Falls. In 1938, SC 5 was extended on both directions, connecting north to SC 18 and south to US 21 in Ridgeway. In 1939, SC 5 reached its longest length with its", "id": "22182862" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\ncounty, crosses over part of Lake Wateree, and enters Liberty Hill. There, it has an intersection with the western terminus of SC 522 (Stoneboro Road). A short distance later, it enters Lancaster County. It continues traveling through rural areas until it intersects SC 200 (Great Falls Highway). The two highways travel concurrently to the west. Almost immediately, they cross over the Catawba River on the Tom G. Mangum Bridge, where they enter Chester County. This bridge is just south of the Fishing Creek Dam", "id": "15954610" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 248\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 248 (SC 248) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Ninety Six National Historic Site. SC 248 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Epworth at U.S. Route 178 (US 178) to Ninety Six at SC 34/SC 246. Established in 1940, it is the second SC 248 and has remained unchanged since inception. The first SC 248 was established by 1930 as a renumbering of SC 151 from US 29", "id": "21840646" }, { "contents": "Ridgeway, South Carolina\n\n\n). U.S. Route 21 passes through the towns, leading north to Great Falls and south to Columbia. South Carolina Highway 34 leads west to Interstate 77 and east to Lugoff. Winnsboro, the county seat, is to the northwest via SC 34. According to the United States Census Bureau, Ridgeway has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 328 people, 138 households, and 96 families residing in the town. The population density was 692.7 people per square mile", "id": "9585082" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects rural areas of Lincoln and Gaston counties to Gastonia. NC 274 was established in 1930 as a new primary routing, from NC 27 to U.S. Route 74 (US 74) and NC 20 (now NC 161) in Bessemer City. Around 1938, it was extended southeast to its current southern terminus at the South Carolina state line, where it continues as South Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274).", "id": "18047645" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 39\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 39 (SC 39) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects various rural communities and towns from the southwest to the northwest sections of the state. SC 39 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from the Savannah River Site to U.S. Route 221 (US 221) south of Laurens. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, traveling from SC 12, in Monetta, to SC 21, in Edgefield. In 1923, SC 39 was extended in", "id": "22043911" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 909\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 909 (SC 909) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities of northern Chester County. SC 909 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in Lowrys to SC 9 near Richburg. The route zig-zags in northern Chester County connecting small communities, and provides access to the Chester Catawba Regional Airport. Established in 1940 as a new primary routing, it originally traversed from SC 9 to US 21 in Lewis", "id": "12654301" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nwhich later became a secondary road by 1948. The current SC 79 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of part of SC 38, from Bennettsville to the North Carolina state line. Between 1967 and 1970, SC 79 was rerouted and replaced SC 383 to SC 9; the old alignment became SC 385. South Carolina Highway 383 (SC 383) was established by 1937 as new primary routing from SC 9 near Bennettsville to SC 79 near Gibson, North Carolina. It was renumbered as part of SC 79 by 1970.", "id": "21700755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 213\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 213 (SC 213) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through mostly rural areas of Newberry and Fairfield counties. It also connects Jenkinsville and the Winnsboro area. SC 213 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 176 (US 176) southeast of Pomaria within Newberry County, where the roadway continues as Parr Road. It travels to the east and crosses over Crims Creek. A short distance later, the highway crosses over the Broad River, Hampton Island and some railroad", "id": "16629962" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 145 (SC 145) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 145 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from U.S. Route 1 (US 1) near McBee, through the county seat of Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It also passes through forest and wildlife refuge areas. The entire route has been officially named the Carolinas Sandhills Parkway by the State of South Carolina. The first", "id": "21845728" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 200 (NC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south from the South Carolina state line near the community of JAARS, to US 601 near Concord. NC 200 traverses , starting at the South Carolina state line, through the city of Monroe, and the towns of Stanfield and Locust, before ending at US 601 near Concord. For its length, it is a two-lane rural highway except in Monroe where it is a four-", "id": "799955" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 151\n\n\n29 (US 29)/SC 15 in Anderson, to SC 20 in Williamston. By 1930, it was renumbered as SC 248. The current SC 151 was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 35 from Darlington to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 151 truncated at SC 9 in Pageland, its route north to the state line replaced by US 601. By 1958, SC 151 replaced SC 151 Alternate, bypassing Hartsville. In 1983, SC 151 was extended and bypassed east of Pageland, to its current", "id": "21952570" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 161 (SC 161) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill, York, and Kings Mountain, North Carolina. SC 161 is a multi-lane highway, traversing from U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and Interstate 77 (I-77), through the northern part of Rock Hill and north around York, to the back entrance area of Kings Mountain State Park and Kings Mountain National Military Park, and ends at the North Carolina state line", "id": "12487686" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 403\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 403 (SC 403) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Timmonsville and the surrounding rural area with the cities of Lake City and Hartsville. SC 403 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for beginning north of Lake City, along SC 341. Going through a northeasterly direction to Hobbs Crossroads, it then goes north to Sardis. Connecting with Interstate 95 (I-95) north of Sardis, it continues north connecting with U.S. Route 76 (US", "id": "22010317" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 212\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 212 (SC 212) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Williams by connecting it with nearby highways. SC 212 is a two-lane rural highway that connects the town of Williams between SC 64 and U.S. Route 21 (US 21). Within Williams, it intersects SC 362 at its eastern terminus. Established around 1938 as a new primary routing as a spur from US 21 to Williams. In 1940, it was extended south to its current", "id": "22114289" }, { "contents": "U.S. Route 521\n\n\nknown as Camden Highway. It passes under I-20 and proceeds to Camden. It then goes on to the town of Kershaw, running concurrent with US 601. The final city it goes through before going into North Carolina is Lancaster. US 521 traverses from the South Carolina state line to Interstate 485. The entire route is a four to six-lane divided highway, split in naming between Lancaster Highway and Johnston Road. Established in 1932, it was overlapped entirely with SC 26, from Georgetown to the North Carolina state line", "id": "21139357" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 83\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 83 (NC 83) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves to connect the towns of Maxton and Clio, South Carolina. NC 83 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line and goes north to end at NC 130 in Seven Bridges. The highway is flanked by both farmland and swamps. NC 83 was established in 1937 as a new primary routing from US 501 to the South Carolina state line, where it continues as SC", "id": "5127960" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 72\n\n\nas a renumbering of SC 7; it traversed from the Georgia state line, near Calhoun Falls, to US 21 in Chester. In 1950, it was extended northeast to US 21/SC 5 in Rock Hill, which replaced part of US 21. In 1951 or 1952, its routing was adjusted west of Greenwood replacing SC 702 and leaving Old Abbeville Highway (S-1-3 and S-24-1). In 1954, SC 72 was placed on bypass south and east around Chester; its old alignment became a business", "id": "7621861" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 198\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 198 (SC 198) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the town of Blacksburg at Interstate 85 (I-85) exit 102 and the northern terminus of SC 5 with the town of Earl, North Carolina by way of North Carolina Highway 198 (NC 198). Though it physically runs north and south, internal SCDOT data and the only signage of SC 198 at the I-85 / SC 5 intersection indicates that it runs east–west. A two-lane rural", "id": "18046947" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 246\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 246 (SC 246) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities and towns in eastern Greenwood County. SC 246 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Friendship to Hodges; connecting the town of Ninety Six and the communities of Coronaca and Cokesbury. The highway also provides access to Star Fort Pond, at Ninety Six National Historic Site, via Kinard Road (S-24-27). Established in 1930 as a replacement for part of SC 24", "id": "21868609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSC 145 appeared in 1941 or 1942 as a new primary route from SC 644 to US 15 north of Walterboro. In 1948, it was downgraded to secondary status, known today as McLeod Road. The current SC 145 was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 85; little has changed since. South Carolina Highway 85 (SC 85) was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 95, it traveled from US 1, near McBee, through Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It was renumbered to", "id": "21845729" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 157\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 157 (SC 157) is a state highway in the Sandhills region of South Carolina. Though it physically runs west to east, it is signed as a north-south road. Its southern terminus at its westernmost point at SC 341 in Kershaw, Lancaster County and its northern terminus (eastern end) at SC 346 about west of Catarrh in rural Kershaw County. SC 157 begins at an intersection with Marion Street and Minor Street in eastern Kershaw. From this point, SC 341 travels west on Marion Street", "id": "17035715" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 45\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 45 (SC 45) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as the main thoroughfare in northern Berkeley County. Established as an original state highway in 1922, it traversed from SC 41 in St. Stephen to SC 31 in St. Matthews. Around 1926, SC 45 was truncated west of St. Stephen along a new alignment of SC 41 (current U.S. Route 52 or US 52). By 1931, SC 45 was extended west on new primary routing to SC 24 in", "id": "22162620" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 781\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 781 (SC 781) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It is used as part of a bypass south of Aiken, between Augusta and Williston, in conjunction with U.S. Route 278 (US 278). SC 781 is a two-lane rural connector highway between US 278 and US 78. Established in 1940 as a new primary route, it traversed from SC 28 in Beech Island east to US 78 west of Williston. In 1953, SC 781 was truncated to its", "id": "15556341" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 49\n\n\nLake Wylie. Established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 163, it ran from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in York to the North Carolina state line in Lake Wylie. In 1956, SC 49 was extended southwest to its current southern terminus at US 221 in Watts Mills replacing SC 91 from York to Monarch, SC 92 from Monarch to Cross Anchor, and SC 30 from Cross Anchor to Watts Mills. In 1960 or 1961, SC 49 was rerouted from Lockhart to Mount Tabor. At an unknown date,", "id": "21332808" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 914\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 914 (SC 914) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Lancaster and Springdale, via Lancaster Mill. SC 914 begins at an intersection with SC 9 Business (SC 9 Bus.; West Meeting Street) on the Lancaster–Lancaster Mill line, within Lancaster County. It travels to the southeast and immediately enters Lancaster Mill proper and curves to the south-southeast. Just after Old Landsford Road, it crosses over some railroad tracks. One block later, at", "id": "18102740" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 211\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 211 (SC 211) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway serves the rural areas of southern Cherokee and western York counties. SC 211 is a two-lane rural highway. The highway begins at SC 150, north of Pacolet in Cherokee County, going easterly along Asbury Road to Asbury, where it connects with SC 18. Splitting from SC 18 onto Gowdeysville Road, it connects with SC 105 in Saratt. Solo again, when it splits from SC 105 with", "id": "14126145" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 20 (SC 20) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Abbeville, Belton, Williamston and Greenville. The highway is signed as a west-east highway though it physically runs south-to-north. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from the Georgia state line to SC 8 (Guess Street/Green Avenue) in Greenville; connecting McCormick, Abbeville, Due West, Honea Path, Belton, and Williamston.", "id": "19237178" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 555\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 555 (SC 555) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route from downtown Columbia to Blythewood. SC 555 traverses from SC 12 in downtown Columbia to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) near Blythewood. Before Interstate 77 (I-77) was completed in the area, SC 555 served as a major thoroughfare; today it is an alternate route. The highway is four lanes south of I-77 and two lanes north of it. The highway was established in", "id": "3546072" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nrenumbering of SC 12, it originally ran from US 521 to the North Carolina state line in Hancock. By 1964, SC 75 was extended to its current western terminus at SC 5 in Van Wyck, replacing part of SC 504. South Carolina Highway 75 Truck (Truck SC 75) is a truck route of SC 75 bypassing Van Wyck. When SC 75 merges off from US 521 near Van Wyck, Truck SC 75 begins and follows US 521 until an interchange with SC 5. Truck Route 75 then follows SC 5", "id": "20072881" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 37\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 37 (SC 37) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It provides a direct route between Barnwell and Springfield. SC 37 is a two-lane rural highway that travels between U.S. Route 278 (US 278) and SC 39, with a connection with US 78 in Elko. SC 37 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 1, in Barnwell, to SC 27, in Williston. In 1923, SC 37 was rerouted", "id": "16526209" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nRoute 176 (US 176)/SC 10 in Spartanburg to the North Carolina state line; it eventually became part of SC 9. The second appeared from 1938-1951 as a new primary routing from US 176 southeast of Pomaria to US 76/SC 2 near Ballentine. It was adjusted twice, in 1948 extending and replacing SC 664, and in 1950 shifting to meet with US 176/SC 121 split. It was eventually renumbered as an extension of US 176. South Carolina Highway 77 (SC 77) was established in 1937", "id": "21845186" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 97 (SC 97) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Camden, Great Falls, Chester, and Hickory Grove. SC 97 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 521 (US 521)/US 601 (Broad Street) in Camden within Kershaw County, northeast of the Camden Country Club. The highway travels to the northwest and meets US 521 Truck/US 601 Truck (Boykin Road) just before leaving the city limits of Camden. It travels through rural areas of the", "id": "15954609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 121\n\n\n, where US 21 continues north towards Fort Mill, while also connecting with SC 322. SC 121 had two previous stents in the state before its current routing was established. The first SC 121 was established in 1925 or 1926 as a new primary routing; it traversed from SC 27 in Aiken, northeast through Wagener and Pelion, to SC 2/SC 12 in Springdale. In 1928, it was renumbered as SC 215. The second SC 121 was established in 1929 or 1930 as new primary routing; it traversed from", "id": "4644891" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 901\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 901 (SC 901) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a slower alternate rural route to Interstate 77 (I-77) and the western bypass of Rock Hill. SC 901 begins along SC 200 near I-77. Going north, it hovers to the west and then east of I-77 and then passes through Richburg. After entering York County, it has its own interchange with I-77, then proceeds to form the western bypass of Rock Hill. It is a two-", "id": "16644755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\n27 around 1931, it traversed from SC 65 (current SC 61) in Givhans, to US 78 east of Ridgeville. In 1940, it was rerouted north from Ridgeville to US 78 and then spur up to the Berkeley County line. In 1941 or 1942, SC 27 was extended north into Berkeley County to SC 31 (current US 176). The first SC 27 was an original state highway; established in 1922, it traversed from SC 21 in Trenton, south to Aiken, then east through Williston, Blackville", "id": "22136169" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nAvenue (on state maps, it is officially SC 19 Connector); while SC 19 southbound travels along Laurens Street/Park Avenue onto Chesterfield Street. SC 19 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 2 in Newberry, north through Whitmire, Union, Spartanburg, Inman and Landrum, to the North Carolina state line continuing as NC 19. In 1923, it was extended south on new primary routing, through Saluda, to SC 21/SC 27 in Trenton. In 1927", "id": "16271415" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 179\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 179 (SC 179) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It travels from Little River to the North Carolina state line, near Calabash. One of the shortest state highways in the state, SC 179 starts at U.S. Route 17 (US 17) in Little River and travels to the North Carolina state line. The route continues on as NC 179, connecting the towns of Calabash, Sunset Beach, and Ocean Isle Beach. The entire route is two lanes wide with brief", "id": "6284330" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 47\n\n\nwas an original state highway (1922) that traversed from SC 40 in Green Sea, northwest through Nichols and Lake View, before entering North Carolina. By 1926 was renumbered to SC 94. SC 47 Truck in Elloree begins at Felderville Road (S-38-81) then onto Snider Street (S-38-1023); at Main Street, it goes back northwest, in concurrency with SC 6/SC 267, reuniting with SC 47 at its northern terminus. A Food Lion distribution center is located in the town, the", "id": "22136670" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 173\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 173 (SC 173) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with U.S. Route 78 (US 78). SC 173 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville northeast to US 78. The predominant features along the route are homes and forest. Established as the second SC 173 in 1940, it traversed from US 15 in Grover east to US 78 near Ridgeville; the section between Ridgeville and US 78 was", "id": "22136291" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 16\n\n\nit connected the cities and towns of Ridgeway, Winnsboro, Chester, York, and Clover. In 1927, US 21 was assigned between Columbia and Chester; the following year SC 16 was removed from that section. In 1931, the first SC 16 was decommissioned when US 321 was assigned on the remaining route. The second SC 16 appeared in 1939 as a new primary routing between SC 48 east to US 76 in Columbia. In 1940, it was extended north from US 76 to SC 12. In 1948, the", "id": "4796568" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 207 (SC 207) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It is entirely within the boundaries of Chesterfield County and serves to connect the city of Pageland, South Carolina to the city of Monroe, North Carolina via North Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207). Starting at the intersection of Elm Street and McGregor Street (U.S. Route 601 (US 601) and SC 9), it travels northwest for to the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 207 towards", "id": "5806442" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 81\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 81 (SC 81) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects rural areas of McCormick County with Greenville, via Calhoun Falls, Iva, Homeland Park, and Anderson. SC 81 begins at an intersection with SC 28 east-southeast of Lethia within McCormick County. This intersection is within Sumter National Forest and just north of SC 28's crossing of Long Cane Creek. It travels to the northwest and curves to the west-southwest and travels through Lethia. It then", "id": "18281932" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 905\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 905 (NC 905) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves as part of an alternate route between Whiteville and Conway, South Carolina, through southeastern Columbus County. NC 905 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina line and South Carolina Highway 905 (SC 905) in Olyphic. Traveling north, it connects with NC 904 in Pireway. After its concurrency with NC 904, it continues solo for , connecting the communities of Bug Hill and", "id": "14981023" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nCarolina state line, near Earl. South Carolina reciprocate in 1930 with the establishment of SC 111 from the state line to Gaffney, which was later renumbered SC 18 in 1937. In 1929, NC 18 was extended north, replacing NC 67, through Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro, to US 21/NC 26 in Sparta. Also in 1929, NC 18 was rerouted south of Morganton going through the Sunnyside community and leaving behind Enola and Enola Road (SR 1922). In 1930, NC 18 was extended northeast along new", "id": "12715101" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 165\n\n\nit curves to the northwest to meet its northern terminus, and intersection with US 17 Alternate (N. Main Street) and Berkeley Circle. Established in 1939 as a new primary highway, SC 165 originally traversed from its current southern terminus to US 17 in Ravenel. This section has remained relatively unchanged; with an exception in Hollywood, where it was realigned in the 1980s, removing a concurrency with SC 162 and leaving Town Council Road. Around 1952, SC 165 was extended north on mostly new construction to Cooks Crossroads, where", "id": "6640073" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 19 (SC 19) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Aiken directly with the Savannah River Site and Edgefield via U.S. Route 25 (US 25). SC 19 operates as arterial four-lane highway from Aiken to the Savannah River Site; to its north, it is a two-lane rural highway to Trenton, where it connects with US 25 and SC 121. In Aiken's downtown area, SC 19 is signed, northbound along Chesterfield Street and Richland", "id": "16271414" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nover SC 200, and quickly SC 9 Business is out of downtown on E. Arch St. A half mile after crossing over SC 200, SC 9 Business ends at SC 9 Bypass. Other than Spartanburg, the City of Lancaster is the largest urban area SC 9 runs through before reaching the North Myrtle Beach area. Like all the numbered highways in Chester, SC 9 Business goes straight through downtown, and the bypass route makes a half-moon path around Chester. SC 9 Business shares a brief concurrency with US 321 Business", "id": "5557121" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\n), replacing US 29 Business (US 29 Bus.). In 2000, SC 20 was extended to its current northern terminus at Falls Park Drive (formerly Camperdown Way) just shy of US 123, replacing part of US 25 Bus. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn.) is a connector route, in concurrency with SC 28 Conn. It connects SC 20 with SC 28, north of Abbeville. The route is unsigned its entire length. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn) is a", "id": "19237181" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Its entire length runs through Union County and serves as the primary connector between the towns of Waxhaw, Mineral Springs, and Monroe. The route roughly parallels a CSX railroad line for its entire span. NC 75 starts at the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, near Hancock, South Carolina. In South Carolina, it continues as SC 75 for to SC 5, in Van Wyck. Heading east from the", "id": "5127428" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 137\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 137 (SC 137) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Norris with rural areas of Pickens, via Six Mile. SC 135 begins at an intersection with SC 93 (Norris Drive) in Norris, within Pickens County, where the roadway continues as East Jamison Street. It travels to the northwest and crosses over Twelve Mile Creek just north of Cateechee. In Six Mile, the highway intersects SC 133 (South Main Street). The two highways travel concurrently until", "id": "16201660" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 59\n\n\n24. The road heads on its northeast trajectory until it meets its northern terminus, an intersection with U.S. Route 76 (US 76), US 123, SC 28 in Seneca. Established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 181 and part of SC 182, SC 59 traversed from the Georgia state line to Fair Play, then north to Seneca ending at US 76/SC 13/SC 28. By 1963, SC 59 was truncated at I-85 due to Lake Hartwell submerging the route to Georgia. The portion south of", "id": "4730382" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects the city of Wadesboro with the towns of Oakboro and Chesterfield, South Carolina. NC 742 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, where continuing south on South Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) would lead to Chesterfield. In Wadesboro, it first runs concurrent with NC 109 before going through the downtown area. At the intersection of Caswell and Greene Streets,", "id": "4827585" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 68\n\n\n-lane configuration about north of the I-95 junction. Passing underneath I-95, SC 68 returns to a two-lane configuration as it enters Yemassee before terminating at an intersection with US 17 Alternate and US 21. Established in 1967 as a renumbering of SC 28, it has remained unchanged since. Prior to the current routing, SC 68 had two previous incarnations: In 1937-38 from Clio to the North Carolina state line (renumbered as SC 83), and in 1938-47 as a short highway spur from US", "id": "6817262" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the South Carolina state line to NC 274 near the unincorporated community of Tryon. NC 216 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, from Kings Mountain National Military Park; the road continues south towards the park as South Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216). Going north, it crosses over Interstate 85 then has a short overlap with", "id": "21201754" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 51\n\n\nroad that starts at US 21 near Fort Mill and ends at the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 51 through Pineville. The route is entirely two-lane, expanding to four lanes at the state line. Established as a new primary routing in 1926; the original routing ran from SC 40 (today as US 701) along Choppee Road (today as S-22-4) and Hemingway Highway (today as SC 261) to Hemingway then onto Florence, ending at SC 41 (today as US", "id": "9677788" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 18 (NC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Traveling north–south through the Foothills region, it connects the cities of Shelby, Morganton, Lenoir, Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro. NC 18 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that travels in western North Carolina. Starting as a continuation of SC 18, at the South Carolina state line near Earl, NC 18 travels north into Shelby, where it overlaps with NC 150 and crosses US 74/NC 226", "id": "12715094" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 93\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 93 (abbreviated S.C. Highway 93 or SC 93) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It runs from U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and SC 28 in Clemson northeast to US 123 in Easley. The highway begins at an interchange with the US 76/SC 28 concurrency and Old Greenville Highway east of downtown Clemson. West of this point, Old Greenville Highway passes through downtown Clemson and the campus of Clemson University and is signed as SC 93 though it is not officially", "id": "22146588" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 27 (SC 27) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with nearby highways. SC 27 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville south to the unincorporated community of Givhans to its south and highways U.S. Route 78 (US 78), Interstate 26 (I-26), and US 176 to its north. The predominant features along the route is farmland mixed with forest and swamps. Established as the second SC", "id": "22136168" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 48\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 48 (SC 48) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves southern Richland County and access to the Congaree National Park. SC 48 begins in downtown Columbia along Assembly Street. It traverses west, passing alongside the South Carolina State House and the University of South Carolina, before turning onto Rosewood Drive and then onto Bluff Road. After leaving the Columbia city limits, it continues through southeastern Richland County as a two-lane rural highway to U.S. Route 601 (US 601", "id": "12287717" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 310\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 310 (SC 310) is an long state highway in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a south-north orientation from Holly Hill north to Vance, and then northwest to its northern terminus, completely within Orangeburg County. SC 310 begins at an intersection with US 176 in Holly Hill. The route heads north to an intersection with SC 45, north of the city. The road continues north into the city of Vance, where it intersects SC 210. After", "id": "4731054" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 57\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 57 (SC 57) is a state highway in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a southeast-northwest orientation from the unincorporated community of Fork northwest through Dillon to Little Rock and then curves northeasterly to the North Carolina state line, north of Little Rock, all completely within Dillon County. SC 57 begins at an intersection with SC 41 and SC 41 Alternate in Fork. The route heads northeast through the town of Floydale until it enters Dillon. In town,", "id": "4796454" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nthe beachfront. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from SC 23 in Dillon, west to SC 10, in Enoree. By 1926, SC 9 was extended east to Lake View, then replacing SC 47 to Green Sea, then southeast on new primary routing to Little River. On its northern end, SC 9 rerouted from Kelly to SC 19, near Spartanburg, replacing SC 92. The route from Kelly to Enoree was renumbered SC 92. In 1927, SC 9 was rerouted between Pageland to", "id": "5557113" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 38\n\n\nconnected with the newly renumbered SC 38. NC 38 has not changed since. North Carolina Highway 771 (NC 771) first appeared as a new primary routing in 1930, traveling from US 311/NC 77, east of Winston-Salem, to US 421/NC 60, in Kernersville. In 1936, NC 771 was replaced by an extension of NC 150. The second NC 771 was established as new primary routing in 1936, from Hamlet to the South Carolina state line, where it continued as SC 96.", "id": "20812160" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\n72 via Central Avenue, Park Street and Glenn Street. SC 66 was established in 1934 as a new primary routing, traversing from SC 56 to US 76/SC 2 in Goldville (now Joanna). In 1941 or 1942, a second SC 66 was created, from SC 706 in Eisons Crossroads to the Newberry-Laurens county line. In 1948, the two sections of SC 66 were connected, and was also extended east into Whitmire replacing part of SC 706. South Carolina Highway 706 (SC 706) was", "id": "15134091" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 513\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 513 (SC 513) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through rural areas of Georgetown County. SC 513 begins at an intersection with SC 41/SC 51 (County Line Road) south-southwest of Hopewell, on the Williamsburg–Georgetown county line. It travels to the north-northeast, on the county line, and nearly immediately intersects the eastern terminus of SC 512 (Henry Road). The highway turns right onto Pleasant Hill Drive and travels to", "id": "17729308" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 66 (SC 66) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the community of Joanna with nearby SC 56 and the town of Whitmire. SC 66 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from SC 56 to SC 72 in Whitmire. It connects to U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and Interstate 26 (I-26). Predominantly in the Sumter National Forest, it meanders through forest lands; in Whitmire, it takes a couple of turns before reaching SC", "id": "15134090" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 60\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 60 (SC 60) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Irmo, connecting nearby Lake Murray and Harbison State Forest. SC 60 is a mostly four-lane with median suburban highway that travels from SC 6 to U.S. Route 176 (US 176), with an interchange with Interstate 26 (I-26)/US 76. SC 60 was established in 1929 as a new primary routing. The route has remained unchanged since inception, though its eastern endpoint was originally US", "id": "22092019" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 64\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 64 (SC 64) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the cities of Barnwell and Walterboro while also providing a direct route to Charleston, via U.S. Route 17 (US 17). SC 64 was established around 1926 as a new primary routing from SC 28 near Ellenton, to SC 6/SC 301 near Ruffin. In 1928, SC 64 was extended east to US 17 in Walterboro, replacing part of SC 6. Around 1930, SC 64 was extended", "id": "22114149" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\n, US 176 was assigned to SC 19 from Newberry to the North Carolina state line; the following year it was removed from the overlap. Also in 1928, SC 19 was extended south, replacing part of SC 27 to US 1/US 78 in Aiken. In 1929 or 1930, SC 19 was extended south (again) to SC 28 north of Ellenton. Around 1952, the Savannah River Site was established; which removed of highway in what is now a restricted area. By 1955, SC 19 was widened", "id": "16271416" } ]

[ { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 200 (SC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Winnsboro, Great Falls, and Lancaster. SC 200 is mostly a rural two-lane highway, traversing northwest from Winnsboro, through Great Falls and Lancaster, to the North Carolina state line. Established in 1937 as a renumbering part of SC 93 to match NC 200; it originally traversed from US 521 to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 200 was extended to its", "id": "18356164" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 903\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 903 (SC 903) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Lancaster to Darlington, Florence, and the Grand Strand. SC 903 is a two-lane rural highway, from Catarrh to Lancaster. Control cities listed southbound include Myrtle Beach. Established either in 1929 or 1930 as a new primary routing, it traversed from SC 35 in Catarrh to SC 9 in Midway. In 1949, SC 903 was extended north to its current northern terminus in Lancaster, replacing an", "id": "22013136" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 99\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 99 (SC 99) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Great Falls with rural areas of Chester County. SC 99 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and SC 200 (Pendergrass Boulevard) in Great Falls within Chester County. It travels to the northwest. On the edge of the city limits of the town is an intersection with SC 97 (Francis Avenue). They have a very brief concurrency. SC 99 travels in a north", "id": "16138937" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Chesterfield with Wadesboro, North Carolina. SC 742 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 145, near Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. The road continues into North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) towards Wadesboro. It was established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 850 and to match NC 742, little has changed since. SC 850 was established in", "id": "21845915" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nlane road from Charlotte Avenue to US 74 and a six-lane divided highway on its concurrency with US 74 and US 601. Established in 1930, it traveled from Monroe at US 74/NC 20/NC 25/NC 151 south to the South Carolina state line where it changed into SC 93 (renumbered to SC 200 in 1937). Between 1931-36, NC 200 was realigned north of Old Highway Road near Jackson. In 1936, the highway was extended north via Franklin Street, Church Street, Winchester", "id": "799956" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\n. The first SC 161 appeared in 1923 as a new primary routing from SC 16 in Eau Claire to SC 22. It was extended northwest by 1926 to SC 7 in Leeds. In 1928, the entire route was renumbered as part of SC 215. The current SC 161 was established in 1930 as a new primary route, it originally traversed from SC 16 (today US 321) to the North Carolina state line, continuing as North Carolina Highway 215 (renumbered in 1937 to NC 161). In 1959, SC", "id": "12487687" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 109\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 109 (SC 109) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 109 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from SC 145 through Ruby and Mount Croghan, to the North Carolina state line. SC 109 was established in either 1937 or 1938 as a new primary route from SC 9 in Mount Croghan to the North Carolina state line. In 1939, it was extended south to SC 85. In", "id": "21845959" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 177 (SC 177) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the community of Wallace with Hamlet, North Carolina. SC 177 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from Wallace at SC 9 to the North Carolina state line. The highway was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 77, little has changed since. Two predecessors existed before the current SC 177 came to existence. The first appeared from 1930-1936 as a new primary routing from U.S.", "id": "21845185" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 79 (SC 79) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects communities in western Marlboro County. SC 79 is a two-lane rural highway, traversing from SC 9 to the North Carolina state line where the road continues in Gibson, North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 79. Originally established in 1937 as a new primary route, it connected U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Denmark, to Voorhees College. In 1938, it was replaced by SC 68,", "id": "21700754" }, { "contents": "Winnsboro, South Carolina\n\n\nand south to Columbia. SC 34 leads southeast to Ridgeway and west to Newberry. SC 200 leads northeast to Great Falls. The unincorporated community of Winnsboro Mills borders the south side of Winnsboro. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Winnsboro has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,564 people, 1,454 households, and 984 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,109.6 people per square mile (428.9/km²). There were 1,597 housing", "id": "9585095" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 34\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 34 (SC 34) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As one of the longer state highways, it traverses the state east-west from Greenwood to Dillon, connecting the cities of Newberry, Winnsboro, Camden, Bishopville and Darlington. SC 34 begins as a hidden highway in downtown Greenwood, at the intersection of Main Street and Maxwell Avenue. On city and state official maps, SC 34 is on an east parallel to U.S. Route 25 Business (US 25 Bus.", "id": "13565724" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 385\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 385 (SC 385) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Bennettsville with northern Marlboro County. SC 385 is a two-lane (mostly) rural highway, traverses from Bennettsville north to SC 79, near the North Carolina state line. The first SC 385 appeared around 1941-42 as a new primary route from SC 341 to U.S. Route 15 (US 15)/SC 34. In 1948, it was downgraded to a secondary road. The current SC", "id": "21700661" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill and Gastonia, North Carolina. Though it generally runs in a north-south fashion, it is signed west-east. SC 274 is mostly a four-lane suburban highway that traverses , from the North Carolina state line, where the road continues north as North Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274), to downtown Rock Hill at SC 322. Established in 1937 as a", "id": "18047413" }, { "contents": "Interstate 77 in South Carolina\n\n\nthe town of Ridgeway and passes under the NS R-Line. The freeway passes to the east of Winnsboro, which is accessed via SC 34 or the next interchange with Road 41. I-77 has junction with Road 20 and SC 200 near Mitford before entering Chester County. The freeway has an interchange with SC 97 (Great Falls Road), which connects the county seat of Chester to the west with the town of Great Falls to the east. Great Falls is where the Piedmont-based Catawba River reaches the Fall Line", "id": "7110295" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 522\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 522 (SC 522) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect communities in central Lancaster County. SC 522 is a two-lane rural highway, from Liberty Hill to the North Carolina state line, near Sapps Crossroads. It is similar to a Farm-to-market road that it provides no real destination for travelers, but does provides access to farmland in central Lancaster County. Originally established in either 1937 or 1938, it was a new primary route", "id": "22034481" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 381 (SC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the towns in eastern Marlboro County. SC 381 traverses from Blenheim at SC 38 to the North Carolina state line where it continues as North Carolina Highway 381 into Gibson, North Carolina. As a two-lane rural highway, it connects the towns of Clio and McColl. The highway was established in 1930 as a new primary route from SC 38 in Blenheim to SC 9 in Clio. In 1931 or", "id": "21652315" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 381 (NC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Hamlet and Gibson. NC 381 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from the South Carolina state line in Gibson to U.S. Route 74 Business near Hamlet. The highway is flanked with farms and has little traffic. Established in 1940 as a renumbering of NC 78 when the route was extended to the South Carolina state line, connecting with SC 381; remained unchanged since inception.", "id": "8146479" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 75 (SC 75) is an state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The road is a mainly rural road. Its eastern terminus at the North Carolina state line at North Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75). SC 75 is a road for most of its existence, as it is here. After running for two miles (3 km) through the tip of Lancaster County, SC 75 overlaps U.S. Route 521 (US 521), running south. From Hancock, the road continues on", "id": "20072879" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 702\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 702 (SC 702) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Greenwood State Park. SC 702 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from SC 246 between Ninety Six and Coronaca, to SC 39 north of Saluda. The current routing of SC 702 was created by 1952 and has remained unchanged since. It was originally established in 1940 as a loop off SC 7 west of Greenwood. By 1942, SC 702 was extended east", "id": "21868670" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 21\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 21 (NC 21) was a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. At its height, it traversed from the South Carolina state line to Raleigh, connecting the cities of Fayetteville, and Lillington. Established as an original state highway, it traversed from the South Carolina state line (continuing as SC 47 to Lake View) north through Lumberton, Fayetteville, and Lillington before ending at NC 10, in Raleigh. In 1925, NC 21 was rerouted south of Fayetteville, replacing NC 22", "id": "18985691" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 265\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 265 (SC 265) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Jefferson with the cities of Kershaw and Chesterfield. SC 265 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 601 (US 601) north of Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. The highway was established in 1928 as a new primary routing from SC 26 in Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. In 1940, it was extended southwest to SC 97 in Liberty Hill. In 1948", "id": "21903505" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 55\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 55 (SC 55) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Clover to Blacksburg, Rock Hill, and Charlotte, North Carolina. SC 55 is a rural two-lane highway, with a median in and around Clover; between Clover and Lake Wylie, it is also paralleled by a major transmission line. It traverses from SC 5 near Kings Creek, to SC 49/SC 274 near Lake Wylie. Travelers to and from Charlotte would connect through", "id": "12594781" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 18 (SC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the cities of Union, Gaffney and Shelby, North Carolina. SC 18 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Fredrick Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 18 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of SC 111, from U.S. Route 29 (US 29) in Gaffney, to the North Carolina state line.", "id": "14222860" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 150\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 150 (SC 150) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Pacolet and Gaffney with the more rural areas of Spartanburg and Cherokee counties. SC 150 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Limestone Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 150 was established in 1940 as a renumbering of part of SC 103, from SC 18 in Gaffney to the North Carolina state line. In 1960-", "id": "14125945" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 223\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 223 (SC 223) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector between Richburg and Landsford Canal State Park. SC 223 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 9 and SC 901 outside of Richburg to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) in the community of Landsford and Landsford Canal State Park. The first SC 223 appeared from 1939-1940 as a spur off SC 22, renumbered as an extension of SC 901. The current SC", "id": "12079569" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the Kings Mountain National Military Park to North Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) at the North Carolina state line. SC 216 is a short two-lane rural highway in the northeast corner of Cherokee County. At its southern terminus at the Kings Mountain National Military Park entrance, the road continues east park-maintained towards York County and SC 161. SC 216 passes through a", "id": "21201795" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 215\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 215 (SC 215) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route to Union from either Columbia or Spartanburg. SC 215 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Columbia to Spartanburg; connecting Jenkinsville, Carlisle, Union, and Roebuck. It was established in 1928 as a renumbering of SC 121 and SC 161. It originally traveled from U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Aiken, northeast through Wagener, Pelion, Edmund, and", "id": "21764584" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 557\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 557 (SC 557) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector route between Clover and Lake Wylie. SC 557 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 55 near Clover to SC 49/SC 274 in Lake Wylie. The highway provides travelers a more direct route to and from Charlotte. Though it runs physically west-to-east, it is signed as a north-south highway with its western end as its southern terminus and", "id": "18047294" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is entirely in the boundaries of Union County and serves to connect the city of Monroe to the city of Pageland, South Carolina, at the South Carolina state line via SC 207. From the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, NC 207 is a two-lane rural highway traversing north through rolling hills of farmland. Once it enters Monroe city limits, it becomes Haynes Street, where it connects several", "id": "19757200" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nLancaster on a more southern route, avoiding the Tradesville area; The old alignment was briefly downgraded to secondary before being renumbered as SC 906. In 1933, SC 9 was realigned on a straight path from Loris to Little River; most of the old route was downgraded to secondary, with exception to Wampee and eastward becoming SC 90. In 1936, SC 9 was extended north through Spartanburg and Boiling Springs to its current northern terminus at the North Carolina state line; replacing SC 177. In 1940, SC 9 was extended", "id": "5557114" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 5\n\n\nroute from both US 521 and I-85 to both York and Rock Hill. Established as an original state highway, SC 5 originally traveled from SC 9 in Fort Lawn, through Rock Hill and York, to SC 8 in Blacksburg. In 1929 or 1930, SC 5 was extended south along new primary routing to SC 22 in Great Falls. In 1938, SC 5 was extended on both directions, connecting north to SC 18 and south to US 21 in Ridgeway. In 1939, SC 5 reached its longest length with its", "id": "22182862" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\ncounty, crosses over part of Lake Wateree, and enters Liberty Hill. There, it has an intersection with the western terminus of SC 522 (Stoneboro Road). A short distance later, it enters Lancaster County. It continues traveling through rural areas until it intersects SC 200 (Great Falls Highway). The two highways travel concurrently to the west. Almost immediately, they cross over the Catawba River on the Tom G. Mangum Bridge, where they enter Chester County. This bridge is just south of the Fishing Creek Dam", "id": "15954610" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 248\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 248 (SC 248) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Ninety Six National Historic Site. SC 248 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Epworth at U.S. Route 178 (US 178) to Ninety Six at SC 34/SC 246. Established in 1940, it is the second SC 248 and has remained unchanged since inception. The first SC 248 was established by 1930 as a renumbering of SC 151 from US 29", "id": "21840646" }, { "contents": "Ridgeway, South Carolina\n\n\n). U.S. Route 21 passes through the towns, leading north to Great Falls and south to Columbia. South Carolina Highway 34 leads west to Interstate 77 and east to Lugoff. Winnsboro, the county seat, is to the northwest via SC 34. According to the United States Census Bureau, Ridgeway has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 328 people, 138 households, and 96 families residing in the town. The population density was 692.7 people per square mile", "id": "9585082" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects rural areas of Lincoln and Gaston counties to Gastonia. NC 274 was established in 1930 as a new primary routing, from NC 27 to U.S. Route 74 (US 74) and NC 20 (now NC 161) in Bessemer City. Around 1938, it was extended southeast to its current southern terminus at the South Carolina state line, where it continues as South Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274).", "id": "18047645" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 39\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 39 (SC 39) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects various rural communities and towns from the southwest to the northwest sections of the state. SC 39 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from the Savannah River Site to U.S. Route 221 (US 221) south of Laurens. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, traveling from SC 12, in Monetta, to SC 21, in Edgefield. In 1923, SC 39 was extended in", "id": "22043911" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 909\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 909 (SC 909) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities of northern Chester County. SC 909 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in Lowrys to SC 9 near Richburg. The route zig-zags in northern Chester County connecting small communities, and provides access to the Chester Catawba Regional Airport. Established in 1940 as a new primary routing, it originally traversed from SC 9 to US 21 in Lewis", "id": "12654301" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nwhich later became a secondary road by 1948. The current SC 79 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of part of SC 38, from Bennettsville to the North Carolina state line. Between 1967 and 1970, SC 79 was rerouted and replaced SC 383 to SC 9; the old alignment became SC 385. South Carolina Highway 383 (SC 383) was established by 1937 as new primary routing from SC 9 near Bennettsville to SC 79 near Gibson, North Carolina. It was renumbered as part of SC 79 by 1970.", "id": "21700755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 213\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 213 (SC 213) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through mostly rural areas of Newberry and Fairfield counties. It also connects Jenkinsville and the Winnsboro area. SC 213 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 176 (US 176) southeast of Pomaria within Newberry County, where the roadway continues as Parr Road. It travels to the east and crosses over Crims Creek. A short distance later, the highway crosses over the Broad River, Hampton Island and some railroad", "id": "16629962" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 145 (SC 145) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 145 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from U.S. Route 1 (US 1) near McBee, through the county seat of Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It also passes through forest and wildlife refuge areas. The entire route has been officially named the Carolinas Sandhills Parkway by the State of South Carolina. The first", "id": "21845728" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 200 (NC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south from the South Carolina state line near the community of JAARS, to US 601 near Concord. NC 200 traverses , starting at the South Carolina state line, through the city of Monroe, and the towns of Stanfield and Locust, before ending at US 601 near Concord. For its length, it is a two-lane rural highway except in Monroe where it is a four-", "id": "799955" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 151\n\n\n29 (US 29)/SC 15 in Anderson, to SC 20 in Williamston. By 1930, it was renumbered as SC 248. The current SC 151 was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 35 from Darlington to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 151 truncated at SC 9 in Pageland, its route north to the state line replaced by US 601. By 1958, SC 151 replaced SC 151 Alternate, bypassing Hartsville. In 1983, SC 151 was extended and bypassed east of Pageland, to its current", "id": "21952570" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 161 (SC 161) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill, York, and Kings Mountain, North Carolina. SC 161 is a multi-lane highway, traversing from U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and Interstate 77 (I-77), through the northern part of Rock Hill and north around York, to the back entrance area of Kings Mountain State Park and Kings Mountain National Military Park, and ends at the North Carolina state line", "id": "12487686" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 403\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 403 (SC 403) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Timmonsville and the surrounding rural area with the cities of Lake City and Hartsville. SC 403 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for beginning north of Lake City, along SC 341. Going through a northeasterly direction to Hobbs Crossroads, it then goes north to Sardis. Connecting with Interstate 95 (I-95) north of Sardis, it continues north connecting with U.S. Route 76 (US", "id": "22010317" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 212\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 212 (SC 212) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Williams by connecting it with nearby highways. SC 212 is a two-lane rural highway that connects the town of Williams between SC 64 and U.S. Route 21 (US 21). Within Williams, it intersects SC 362 at its eastern terminus. Established around 1938 as a new primary routing as a spur from US 21 to Williams. In 1940, it was extended south to its current", "id": "22114289" }, { "contents": "U.S. Route 521\n\n\nknown as Camden Highway. It passes under I-20 and proceeds to Camden. It then goes on to the town of Kershaw, running concurrent with US 601. The final city it goes through before going into North Carolina is Lancaster. US 521 traverses from the South Carolina state line to Interstate 485. The entire route is a four to six-lane divided highway, split in naming between Lancaster Highway and Johnston Road. Established in 1932, it was overlapped entirely with SC 26, from Georgetown to the North Carolina state line", "id": "21139357" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 83\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 83 (NC 83) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves to connect the towns of Maxton and Clio, South Carolina. NC 83 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line and goes north to end at NC 130 in Seven Bridges. The highway is flanked by both farmland and swamps. NC 83 was established in 1937 as a new primary routing from US 501 to the South Carolina state line, where it continues as SC", "id": "5127960" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 72\n\n\nas a renumbering of SC 7; it traversed from the Georgia state line, near Calhoun Falls, to US 21 in Chester. In 1950, it was extended northeast to US 21/SC 5 in Rock Hill, which replaced part of US 21. In 1951 or 1952, its routing was adjusted west of Greenwood replacing SC 702 and leaving Old Abbeville Highway (S-1-3 and S-24-1). In 1954, SC 72 was placed on bypass south and east around Chester; its old alignment became a business", "id": "7621861" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 198\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 198 (SC 198) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the town of Blacksburg at Interstate 85 (I-85) exit 102 and the northern terminus of SC 5 with the town of Earl, North Carolina by way of North Carolina Highway 198 (NC 198). Though it physically runs north and south, internal SCDOT data and the only signage of SC 198 at the I-85 / SC 5 intersection indicates that it runs east–west. A two-lane rural", "id": "18046947" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 246\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 246 (SC 246) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities and towns in eastern Greenwood County. SC 246 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Friendship to Hodges; connecting the town of Ninety Six and the communities of Coronaca and Cokesbury. The highway also provides access to Star Fort Pond, at Ninety Six National Historic Site, via Kinard Road (S-24-27). Established in 1930 as a replacement for part of SC 24", "id": "21868609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSC 145 appeared in 1941 or 1942 as a new primary route from SC 644 to US 15 north of Walterboro. In 1948, it was downgraded to secondary status, known today as McLeod Road. The current SC 145 was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 85; little has changed since. South Carolina Highway 85 (SC 85) was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 95, it traveled from US 1, near McBee, through Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It was renumbered to", "id": "21845729" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 157\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 157 (SC 157) is a state highway in the Sandhills region of South Carolina. Though it physically runs west to east, it is signed as a north-south road. Its southern terminus at its westernmost point at SC 341 in Kershaw, Lancaster County and its northern terminus (eastern end) at SC 346 about west of Catarrh in rural Kershaw County. SC 157 begins at an intersection with Marion Street and Minor Street in eastern Kershaw. From this point, SC 341 travels west on Marion Street", "id": "17035715" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 45\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 45 (SC 45) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as the main thoroughfare in northern Berkeley County. Established as an original state highway in 1922, it traversed from SC 41 in St. Stephen to SC 31 in St. Matthews. Around 1926, SC 45 was truncated west of St. Stephen along a new alignment of SC 41 (current U.S. Route 52 or US 52). By 1931, SC 45 was extended west on new primary routing to SC 24 in", "id": "22162620" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 781\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 781 (SC 781) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It is used as part of a bypass south of Aiken, between Augusta and Williston, in conjunction with U.S. Route 278 (US 278). SC 781 is a two-lane rural connector highway between US 278 and US 78. Established in 1940 as a new primary route, it traversed from SC 28 in Beech Island east to US 78 west of Williston. In 1953, SC 781 was truncated to its", "id": "15556341" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 49\n\n\nLake Wylie. Established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 163, it ran from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in York to the North Carolina state line in Lake Wylie. In 1956, SC 49 was extended southwest to its current southern terminus at US 221 in Watts Mills replacing SC 91 from York to Monarch, SC 92 from Monarch to Cross Anchor, and SC 30 from Cross Anchor to Watts Mills. In 1960 or 1961, SC 49 was rerouted from Lockhart to Mount Tabor. At an unknown date,", "id": "21332808" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 914\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 914 (SC 914) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Lancaster and Springdale, via Lancaster Mill. SC 914 begins at an intersection with SC 9 Business (SC 9 Bus.; West Meeting Street) on the Lancaster–Lancaster Mill line, within Lancaster County. It travels to the southeast and immediately enters Lancaster Mill proper and curves to the south-southeast. Just after Old Landsford Road, it crosses over some railroad tracks. One block later, at", "id": "18102740" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 211\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 211 (SC 211) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway serves the rural areas of southern Cherokee and western York counties. SC 211 is a two-lane rural highway. The highway begins at SC 150, north of Pacolet in Cherokee County, going easterly along Asbury Road to Asbury, where it connects with SC 18. Splitting from SC 18 onto Gowdeysville Road, it connects with SC 105 in Saratt. Solo again, when it splits from SC 105 with", "id": "14126145" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 20 (SC 20) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Abbeville, Belton, Williamston and Greenville. The highway is signed as a west-east highway though it physically runs south-to-north. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from the Georgia state line to SC 8 (Guess Street/Green Avenue) in Greenville; connecting McCormick, Abbeville, Due West, Honea Path, Belton, and Williamston.", "id": "19237178" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 555\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 555 (SC 555) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route from downtown Columbia to Blythewood. SC 555 traverses from SC 12 in downtown Columbia to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) near Blythewood. Before Interstate 77 (I-77) was completed in the area, SC 555 served as a major thoroughfare; today it is an alternate route. The highway is four lanes south of I-77 and two lanes north of it. The highway was established in", "id": "3546072" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nrenumbering of SC 12, it originally ran from US 521 to the North Carolina state line in Hancock. By 1964, SC 75 was extended to its current western terminus at SC 5 in Van Wyck, replacing part of SC 504. South Carolina Highway 75 Truck (Truck SC 75) is a truck route of SC 75 bypassing Van Wyck. When SC 75 merges off from US 521 near Van Wyck, Truck SC 75 begins and follows US 521 until an interchange with SC 5. Truck Route 75 then follows SC 5", "id": "20072881" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 37\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 37 (SC 37) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It provides a direct route between Barnwell and Springfield. SC 37 is a two-lane rural highway that travels between U.S. Route 278 (US 278) and SC 39, with a connection with US 78 in Elko. SC 37 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 1, in Barnwell, to SC 27, in Williston. In 1923, SC 37 was rerouted", "id": "16526209" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nRoute 176 (US 176)/SC 10 in Spartanburg to the North Carolina state line; it eventually became part of SC 9. The second appeared from 1938-1951 as a new primary routing from US 176 southeast of Pomaria to US 76/SC 2 near Ballentine. It was adjusted twice, in 1948 extending and replacing SC 664, and in 1950 shifting to meet with US 176/SC 121 split. It was eventually renumbered as an extension of US 176. South Carolina Highway 77 (SC 77) was established in 1937", "id": "21845186" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 97 (SC 97) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Camden, Great Falls, Chester, and Hickory Grove. SC 97 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 521 (US 521)/US 601 (Broad Street) in Camden within Kershaw County, northeast of the Camden Country Club. The highway travels to the northwest and meets US 521 Truck/US 601 Truck (Boykin Road) just before leaving the city limits of Camden. It travels through rural areas of the", "id": "15954609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 121\n\n\n, where US 21 continues north towards Fort Mill, while also connecting with SC 322. SC 121 had two previous stents in the state before its current routing was established. The first SC 121 was established in 1925 or 1926 as a new primary routing; it traversed from SC 27 in Aiken, northeast through Wagener and Pelion, to SC 2/SC 12 in Springdale. In 1928, it was renumbered as SC 215. The second SC 121 was established in 1929 or 1930 as new primary routing; it traversed from", "id": "4644891" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 901\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 901 (SC 901) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a slower alternate rural route to Interstate 77 (I-77) and the western bypass of Rock Hill. SC 901 begins along SC 200 near I-77. Going north, it hovers to the west and then east of I-77 and then passes through Richburg. After entering York County, it has its own interchange with I-77, then proceeds to form the western bypass of Rock Hill. It is a two-", "id": "16644755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\n27 around 1931, it traversed from SC 65 (current SC 61) in Givhans, to US 78 east of Ridgeville. In 1940, it was rerouted north from Ridgeville to US 78 and then spur up to the Berkeley County line. In 1941 or 1942, SC 27 was extended north into Berkeley County to SC 31 (current US 176). The first SC 27 was an original state highway; established in 1922, it traversed from SC 21 in Trenton, south to Aiken, then east through Williston, Blackville", "id": "22136169" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nAvenue (on state maps, it is officially SC 19 Connector); while SC 19 southbound travels along Laurens Street/Park Avenue onto Chesterfield Street. SC 19 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 2 in Newberry, north through Whitmire, Union, Spartanburg, Inman and Landrum, to the North Carolina state line continuing as NC 19. In 1923, it was extended south on new primary routing, through Saluda, to SC 21/SC 27 in Trenton. In 1927", "id": "16271415" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 179\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 179 (SC 179) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It travels from Little River to the North Carolina state line, near Calabash. One of the shortest state highways in the state, SC 179 starts at U.S. Route 17 (US 17) in Little River and travels to the North Carolina state line. The route continues on as NC 179, connecting the towns of Calabash, Sunset Beach, and Ocean Isle Beach. The entire route is two lanes wide with brief", "id": "6284330" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 47\n\n\nwas an original state highway (1922) that traversed from SC 40 in Green Sea, northwest through Nichols and Lake View, before entering North Carolina. By 1926 was renumbered to SC 94. SC 47 Truck in Elloree begins at Felderville Road (S-38-81) then onto Snider Street (S-38-1023); at Main Street, it goes back northwest, in concurrency with SC 6/SC 267, reuniting with SC 47 at its northern terminus. A Food Lion distribution center is located in the town, the", "id": "22136670" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 173\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 173 (SC 173) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with U.S. Route 78 (US 78). SC 173 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville northeast to US 78. The predominant features along the route are homes and forest. Established as the second SC 173 in 1940, it traversed from US 15 in Grover east to US 78 near Ridgeville; the section between Ridgeville and US 78 was", "id": "22136291" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 16\n\n\nit connected the cities and towns of Ridgeway, Winnsboro, Chester, York, and Clover. In 1927, US 21 was assigned between Columbia and Chester; the following year SC 16 was removed from that section. In 1931, the first SC 16 was decommissioned when US 321 was assigned on the remaining route. The second SC 16 appeared in 1939 as a new primary routing between SC 48 east to US 76 in Columbia. In 1940, it was extended north from US 76 to SC 12. In 1948, the", "id": "4796568" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 207 (SC 207) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It is entirely within the boundaries of Chesterfield County and serves to connect the city of Pageland, South Carolina to the city of Monroe, North Carolina via North Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207). Starting at the intersection of Elm Street and McGregor Street (U.S. Route 601 (US 601) and SC 9), it travels northwest for to the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 207 towards", "id": "5806442" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 81\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 81 (SC 81) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects rural areas of McCormick County with Greenville, via Calhoun Falls, Iva, Homeland Park, and Anderson. SC 81 begins at an intersection with SC 28 east-southeast of Lethia within McCormick County. This intersection is within Sumter National Forest and just north of SC 28's crossing of Long Cane Creek. It travels to the northwest and curves to the west-southwest and travels through Lethia. It then", "id": "18281932" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 905\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 905 (NC 905) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves as part of an alternate route between Whiteville and Conway, South Carolina, through southeastern Columbus County. NC 905 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina line and South Carolina Highway 905 (SC 905) in Olyphic. Traveling north, it connects with NC 904 in Pireway. After its concurrency with NC 904, it continues solo for , connecting the communities of Bug Hill and", "id": "14981023" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nCarolina state line, near Earl. South Carolina reciprocate in 1930 with the establishment of SC 111 from the state line to Gaffney, which was later renumbered SC 18 in 1937. In 1929, NC 18 was extended north, replacing NC 67, through Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro, to US 21/NC 26 in Sparta. Also in 1929, NC 18 was rerouted south of Morganton going through the Sunnyside community and leaving behind Enola and Enola Road (SR 1922). In 1930, NC 18 was extended northeast along new", "id": "12715101" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 165\n\n\nit curves to the northwest to meet its northern terminus, and intersection with US 17 Alternate (N. Main Street) and Berkeley Circle. Established in 1939 as a new primary highway, SC 165 originally traversed from its current southern terminus to US 17 in Ravenel. This section has remained relatively unchanged; with an exception in Hollywood, where it was realigned in the 1980s, removing a concurrency with SC 162 and leaving Town Council Road. Around 1952, SC 165 was extended north on mostly new construction to Cooks Crossroads, where", "id": "6640073" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 19 (SC 19) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Aiken directly with the Savannah River Site and Edgefield via U.S. Route 25 (US 25). SC 19 operates as arterial four-lane highway from Aiken to the Savannah River Site; to its north, it is a two-lane rural highway to Trenton, where it connects with US 25 and SC 121. In Aiken's downtown area, SC 19 is signed, northbound along Chesterfield Street and Richland", "id": "16271414" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nover SC 200, and quickly SC 9 Business is out of downtown on E. Arch St. A half mile after crossing over SC 200, SC 9 Business ends at SC 9 Bypass. Other than Spartanburg, the City of Lancaster is the largest urban area SC 9 runs through before reaching the North Myrtle Beach area. Like all the numbered highways in Chester, SC 9 Business goes straight through downtown, and the bypass route makes a half-moon path around Chester. SC 9 Business shares a brief concurrency with US 321 Business", "id": "5557121" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\n), replacing US 29 Business (US 29 Bus.). In 2000, SC 20 was extended to its current northern terminus at Falls Park Drive (formerly Camperdown Way) just shy of US 123, replacing part of US 25 Bus. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn.) is a connector route, in concurrency with SC 28 Conn. It connects SC 20 with SC 28, north of Abbeville. The route is unsigned its entire length. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn) is a", "id": "19237181" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Its entire length runs through Union County and serves as the primary connector between the towns of Waxhaw, Mineral Springs, and Monroe. The route roughly parallels a CSX railroad line for its entire span. NC 75 starts at the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, near Hancock, South Carolina. In South Carolina, it continues as SC 75 for to SC 5, in Van Wyck. Heading east from the", "id": "5127428" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 137\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 137 (SC 137) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Norris with rural areas of Pickens, via Six Mile. SC 135 begins at an intersection with SC 93 (Norris Drive) in Norris, within Pickens County, where the roadway continues as East Jamison Street. It travels to the northwest and crosses over Twelve Mile Creek just north of Cateechee. In Six Mile, the highway intersects SC 133 (South Main Street). The two highways travel concurrently until", "id": "16201660" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 59\n\n\n24. The road heads on its northeast trajectory until it meets its northern terminus, an intersection with U.S. Route 76 (US 76), US 123, SC 28 in Seneca. Established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 181 and part of SC 182, SC 59 traversed from the Georgia state line to Fair Play, then north to Seneca ending at US 76/SC 13/SC 28. By 1963, SC 59 was truncated at I-85 due to Lake Hartwell submerging the route to Georgia. The portion south of", "id": "4730382" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects the city of Wadesboro with the towns of Oakboro and Chesterfield, South Carolina. NC 742 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, where continuing south on South Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) would lead to Chesterfield. In Wadesboro, it first runs concurrent with NC 109 before going through the downtown area. At the intersection of Caswell and Greene Streets,", "id": "4827585" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 68\n\n\n-lane configuration about north of the I-95 junction. Passing underneath I-95, SC 68 returns to a two-lane configuration as it enters Yemassee before terminating at an intersection with US 17 Alternate and US 21. Established in 1967 as a renumbering of SC 28, it has remained unchanged since. Prior to the current routing, SC 68 had two previous incarnations: In 1937-38 from Clio to the North Carolina state line (renumbered as SC 83), and in 1938-47 as a short highway spur from US", "id": "6817262" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the South Carolina state line to NC 274 near the unincorporated community of Tryon. NC 216 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, from Kings Mountain National Military Park; the road continues south towards the park as South Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216). Going north, it crosses over Interstate 85 then has a short overlap with", "id": "21201754" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 51\n\n\nroad that starts at US 21 near Fort Mill and ends at the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 51 through Pineville. The route is entirely two-lane, expanding to four lanes at the state line. Established as a new primary routing in 1926; the original routing ran from SC 40 (today as US 701) along Choppee Road (today as S-22-4) and Hemingway Highway (today as SC 261) to Hemingway then onto Florence, ending at SC 41 (today as US", "id": "9677788" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 18 (NC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Traveling north–south through the Foothills region, it connects the cities of Shelby, Morganton, Lenoir, Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro. NC 18 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that travels in western North Carolina. Starting as a continuation of SC 18, at the South Carolina state line near Earl, NC 18 travels north into Shelby, where it overlaps with NC 150 and crosses US 74/NC 226", "id": "12715094" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 93\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 93 (abbreviated S.C. Highway 93 or SC 93) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It runs from U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and SC 28 in Clemson northeast to US 123 in Easley. The highway begins at an interchange with the US 76/SC 28 concurrency and Old Greenville Highway east of downtown Clemson. West of this point, Old Greenville Highway passes through downtown Clemson and the campus of Clemson University and is signed as SC 93 though it is not officially", "id": "22146588" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 27 (SC 27) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with nearby highways. SC 27 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville south to the unincorporated community of Givhans to its south and highways U.S. Route 78 (US 78), Interstate 26 (I-26), and US 176 to its north. The predominant features along the route is farmland mixed with forest and swamps. Established as the second SC", "id": "22136168" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 48\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 48 (SC 48) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves southern Richland County and access to the Congaree National Park. SC 48 begins in downtown Columbia along Assembly Street. It traverses west, passing alongside the South Carolina State House and the University of South Carolina, before turning onto Rosewood Drive and then onto Bluff Road. After leaving the Columbia city limits, it continues through southeastern Richland County as a two-lane rural highway to U.S. Route 601 (US 601", "id": "12287717" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 310\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 310 (SC 310) is an long state highway in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a south-north orientation from Holly Hill north to Vance, and then northwest to its northern terminus, completely within Orangeburg County. SC 310 begins at an intersection with US 176 in Holly Hill. The route heads north to an intersection with SC 45, north of the city. The road continues north into the city of Vance, where it intersects SC 210. After", "id": "4731054" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 57\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 57 (SC 57) is a state highway in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a southeast-northwest orientation from the unincorporated community of Fork northwest through Dillon to Little Rock and then curves northeasterly to the North Carolina state line, north of Little Rock, all completely within Dillon County. SC 57 begins at an intersection with SC 41 and SC 41 Alternate in Fork. The route heads northeast through the town of Floydale until it enters Dillon. In town,", "id": "4796454" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nthe beachfront. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from SC 23 in Dillon, west to SC 10, in Enoree. By 1926, SC 9 was extended east to Lake View, then replacing SC 47 to Green Sea, then southeast on new primary routing to Little River. On its northern end, SC 9 rerouted from Kelly to SC 19, near Spartanburg, replacing SC 92. The route from Kelly to Enoree was renumbered SC 92. In 1927, SC 9 was rerouted between Pageland to", "id": "5557113" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 38\n\n\nconnected with the newly renumbered SC 38. NC 38 has not changed since. North Carolina Highway 771 (NC 771) first appeared as a new primary routing in 1930, traveling from US 311/NC 77, east of Winston-Salem, to US 421/NC 60, in Kernersville. In 1936, NC 771 was replaced by an extension of NC 150. The second NC 771 was established as new primary routing in 1936, from Hamlet to the South Carolina state line, where it continued as SC 96.", "id": "20812160" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\n72 via Central Avenue, Park Street and Glenn Street. SC 66 was established in 1934 as a new primary routing, traversing from SC 56 to US 76/SC 2 in Goldville (now Joanna). In 1941 or 1942, a second SC 66 was created, from SC 706 in Eisons Crossroads to the Newberry-Laurens county line. In 1948, the two sections of SC 66 were connected, and was also extended east into Whitmire replacing part of SC 706. South Carolina Highway 706 (SC 706) was", "id": "15134091" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 513\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 513 (SC 513) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through rural areas of Georgetown County. SC 513 begins at an intersection with SC 41/SC 51 (County Line Road) south-southwest of Hopewell, on the Williamsburg–Georgetown county line. It travels to the north-northeast, on the county line, and nearly immediately intersects the eastern terminus of SC 512 (Henry Road). The highway turns right onto Pleasant Hill Drive and travels to", "id": "17729308" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 66 (SC 66) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the community of Joanna with nearby SC 56 and the town of Whitmire. SC 66 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from SC 56 to SC 72 in Whitmire. It connects to U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and Interstate 26 (I-26). Predominantly in the Sumter National Forest, it meanders through forest lands; in Whitmire, it takes a couple of turns before reaching SC", "id": "15134090" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 60\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 60 (SC 60) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Irmo, connecting nearby Lake Murray and Harbison State Forest. SC 60 is a mostly four-lane with median suburban highway that travels from SC 6 to U.S. Route 176 (US 176), with an interchange with Interstate 26 (I-26)/US 76. SC 60 was established in 1929 as a new primary routing. The route has remained unchanged since inception, though its eastern endpoint was originally US", "id": "22092019" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 64\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 64 (SC 64) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the cities of Barnwell and Walterboro while also providing a direct route to Charleston, via U.S. Route 17 (US 17). SC 64 was established around 1926 as a new primary routing from SC 28 near Ellenton, to SC 6/SC 301 near Ruffin. In 1928, SC 64 was extended east to US 17 in Walterboro, replacing part of SC 6. Around 1930, SC 64 was extended", "id": "22114149" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\n, US 176 was assigned to SC 19 from Newberry to the North Carolina state line; the following year it was removed from the overlap. Also in 1928, SC 19 was extended south, replacing part of SC 27 to US 1/US 78 in Aiken. In 1929 or 1930, SC 19 was extended south (again) to SC 28 north of Ellenton. Around 1952, the Savannah River Site was established; which removed of highway in what is now a restricted area. By 1955, SC 19 was widened", "id": "16271416" } ]

[ { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 200 (SC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Winnsboro, Great Falls, and Lancaster. SC 200 is mostly a rural two-lane highway, traversing northwest from Winnsboro, through Great Falls and Lancaster, to the North Carolina state line. Established in 1937 as a renumbering part of SC 93 to match NC 200; it originally traversed from US 521 to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 200 was extended to its", "id": "18356164" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 903\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 903 (SC 903) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Lancaster to Darlington, Florence, and the Grand Strand. SC 903 is a two-lane rural highway, from Catarrh to Lancaster. Control cities listed southbound include Myrtle Beach. Established either in 1929 or 1930 as a new primary routing, it traversed from SC 35 in Catarrh to SC 9 in Midway. In 1949, SC 903 was extended north to its current northern terminus in Lancaster, replacing an", "id": "22013136" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 99\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 99 (SC 99) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Great Falls with rural areas of Chester County. SC 99 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and SC 200 (Pendergrass Boulevard) in Great Falls within Chester County. It travels to the northwest. On the edge of the city limits of the town is an intersection with SC 97 (Francis Avenue). They have a very brief concurrency. SC 99 travels in a north", "id": "16138937" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Chesterfield with Wadesboro, North Carolina. SC 742 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 145, near Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. The road continues into North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) towards Wadesboro. It was established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 850 and to match NC 742, little has changed since. SC 850 was established in", "id": "21845915" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nlane road from Charlotte Avenue to US 74 and a six-lane divided highway on its concurrency with US 74 and US 601. Established in 1930, it traveled from Monroe at US 74/NC 20/NC 25/NC 151 south to the South Carolina state line where it changed into SC 93 (renumbered to SC 200 in 1937). Between 1931-36, NC 200 was realigned north of Old Highway Road near Jackson. In 1936, the highway was extended north via Franklin Street, Church Street, Winchester", "id": "799956" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\n. The first SC 161 appeared in 1923 as a new primary routing from SC 16 in Eau Claire to SC 22. It was extended northwest by 1926 to SC 7 in Leeds. In 1928, the entire route was renumbered as part of SC 215. The current SC 161 was established in 1930 as a new primary route, it originally traversed from SC 16 (today US 321) to the North Carolina state line, continuing as North Carolina Highway 215 (renumbered in 1937 to NC 161). In 1959, SC", "id": "12487687" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 109\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 109 (SC 109) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 109 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from SC 145 through Ruby and Mount Croghan, to the North Carolina state line. SC 109 was established in either 1937 or 1938 as a new primary route from SC 9 in Mount Croghan to the North Carolina state line. In 1939, it was extended south to SC 85. In", "id": "21845959" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 177 (SC 177) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the community of Wallace with Hamlet, North Carolina. SC 177 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from Wallace at SC 9 to the North Carolina state line. The highway was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 77, little has changed since. Two predecessors existed before the current SC 177 came to existence. The first appeared from 1930-1936 as a new primary routing from U.S.", "id": "21845185" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 79 (SC 79) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects communities in western Marlboro County. SC 79 is a two-lane rural highway, traversing from SC 9 to the North Carolina state line where the road continues in Gibson, North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 79. Originally established in 1937 as a new primary route, it connected U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Denmark, to Voorhees College. In 1938, it was replaced by SC 68,", "id": "21700754" }, { "contents": "Winnsboro, South Carolina\n\n\nand south to Columbia. SC 34 leads southeast to Ridgeway and west to Newberry. SC 200 leads northeast to Great Falls. The unincorporated community of Winnsboro Mills borders the south side of Winnsboro. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Winnsboro has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,564 people, 1,454 households, and 984 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,109.6 people per square mile (428.9/km²). There were 1,597 housing", "id": "9585095" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 34\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 34 (SC 34) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As one of the longer state highways, it traverses the state east-west from Greenwood to Dillon, connecting the cities of Newberry, Winnsboro, Camden, Bishopville and Darlington. SC 34 begins as a hidden highway in downtown Greenwood, at the intersection of Main Street and Maxwell Avenue. On city and state official maps, SC 34 is on an east parallel to U.S. Route 25 Business (US 25 Bus.", "id": "13565724" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 385\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 385 (SC 385) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Bennettsville with northern Marlboro County. SC 385 is a two-lane (mostly) rural highway, traverses from Bennettsville north to SC 79, near the North Carolina state line. The first SC 385 appeared around 1941-42 as a new primary route from SC 341 to U.S. Route 15 (US 15)/SC 34. In 1948, it was downgraded to a secondary road. The current SC", "id": "21700661" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill and Gastonia, North Carolina. Though it generally runs in a north-south fashion, it is signed west-east. SC 274 is mostly a four-lane suburban highway that traverses , from the North Carolina state line, where the road continues north as North Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274), to downtown Rock Hill at SC 322. Established in 1937 as a", "id": "18047413" }, { "contents": "Interstate 77 in South Carolina\n\n\nthe town of Ridgeway and passes under the NS R-Line. The freeway passes to the east of Winnsboro, which is accessed via SC 34 or the next interchange with Road 41. I-77 has junction with Road 20 and SC 200 near Mitford before entering Chester County. The freeway has an interchange with SC 97 (Great Falls Road), which connects the county seat of Chester to the west with the town of Great Falls to the east. Great Falls is where the Piedmont-based Catawba River reaches the Fall Line", "id": "7110295" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 522\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 522 (SC 522) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect communities in central Lancaster County. SC 522 is a two-lane rural highway, from Liberty Hill to the North Carolina state line, near Sapps Crossroads. It is similar to a Farm-to-market road that it provides no real destination for travelers, but does provides access to farmland in central Lancaster County. Originally established in either 1937 or 1938, it was a new primary route", "id": "22034481" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 381 (SC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the towns in eastern Marlboro County. SC 381 traverses from Blenheim at SC 38 to the North Carolina state line where it continues as North Carolina Highway 381 into Gibson, North Carolina. As a two-lane rural highway, it connects the towns of Clio and McColl. The highway was established in 1930 as a new primary route from SC 38 in Blenheim to SC 9 in Clio. In 1931 or", "id": "21652315" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 381 (NC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Hamlet and Gibson. NC 381 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from the South Carolina state line in Gibson to U.S. Route 74 Business near Hamlet. The highway is flanked with farms and has little traffic. Established in 1940 as a renumbering of NC 78 when the route was extended to the South Carolina state line, connecting with SC 381; remained unchanged since inception.", "id": "8146479" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 75 (SC 75) is an state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The road is a mainly rural road. Its eastern terminus at the North Carolina state line at North Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75). SC 75 is a road for most of its existence, as it is here. After running for two miles (3 km) through the tip of Lancaster County, SC 75 overlaps U.S. Route 521 (US 521), running south. From Hancock, the road continues on", "id": "20072879" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 702\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 702 (SC 702) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Greenwood State Park. SC 702 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from SC 246 between Ninety Six and Coronaca, to SC 39 north of Saluda. The current routing of SC 702 was created by 1952 and has remained unchanged since. It was originally established in 1940 as a loop off SC 7 west of Greenwood. By 1942, SC 702 was extended east", "id": "21868670" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 21\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 21 (NC 21) was a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. At its height, it traversed from the South Carolina state line to Raleigh, connecting the cities of Fayetteville, and Lillington. Established as an original state highway, it traversed from the South Carolina state line (continuing as SC 47 to Lake View) north through Lumberton, Fayetteville, and Lillington before ending at NC 10, in Raleigh. In 1925, NC 21 was rerouted south of Fayetteville, replacing NC 22", "id": "18985691" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 265\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 265 (SC 265) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Jefferson with the cities of Kershaw and Chesterfield. SC 265 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 601 (US 601) north of Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. The highway was established in 1928 as a new primary routing from SC 26 in Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. In 1940, it was extended southwest to SC 97 in Liberty Hill. In 1948", "id": "21903505" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 55\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 55 (SC 55) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Clover to Blacksburg, Rock Hill, and Charlotte, North Carolina. SC 55 is a rural two-lane highway, with a median in and around Clover; between Clover and Lake Wylie, it is also paralleled by a major transmission line. It traverses from SC 5 near Kings Creek, to SC 49/SC 274 near Lake Wylie. Travelers to and from Charlotte would connect through", "id": "12594781" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 18 (SC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the cities of Union, Gaffney and Shelby, North Carolina. SC 18 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Fredrick Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 18 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of SC 111, from U.S. Route 29 (US 29) in Gaffney, to the North Carolina state line.", "id": "14222860" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 150\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 150 (SC 150) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Pacolet and Gaffney with the more rural areas of Spartanburg and Cherokee counties. SC 150 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Limestone Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 150 was established in 1940 as a renumbering of part of SC 103, from SC 18 in Gaffney to the North Carolina state line. In 1960-", "id": "14125945" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 223\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 223 (SC 223) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector between Richburg and Landsford Canal State Park. SC 223 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 9 and SC 901 outside of Richburg to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) in the community of Landsford and Landsford Canal State Park. The first SC 223 appeared from 1939-1940 as a spur off SC 22, renumbered as an extension of SC 901. The current SC", "id": "12079569" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the Kings Mountain National Military Park to North Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) at the North Carolina state line. SC 216 is a short two-lane rural highway in the northeast corner of Cherokee County. At its southern terminus at the Kings Mountain National Military Park entrance, the road continues east park-maintained towards York County and SC 161. SC 216 passes through a", "id": "21201795" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 215\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 215 (SC 215) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route to Union from either Columbia or Spartanburg. SC 215 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Columbia to Spartanburg; connecting Jenkinsville, Carlisle, Union, and Roebuck. It was established in 1928 as a renumbering of SC 121 and SC 161. It originally traveled from U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Aiken, northeast through Wagener, Pelion, Edmund, and", "id": "21764584" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 557\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 557 (SC 557) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector route between Clover and Lake Wylie. SC 557 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 55 near Clover to SC 49/SC 274 in Lake Wylie. The highway provides travelers a more direct route to and from Charlotte. Though it runs physically west-to-east, it is signed as a north-south highway with its western end as its southern terminus and", "id": "18047294" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is entirely in the boundaries of Union County and serves to connect the city of Monroe to the city of Pageland, South Carolina, at the South Carolina state line via SC 207. From the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, NC 207 is a two-lane rural highway traversing north through rolling hills of farmland. Once it enters Monroe city limits, it becomes Haynes Street, where it connects several", "id": "19757200" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nLancaster on a more southern route, avoiding the Tradesville area; The old alignment was briefly downgraded to secondary before being renumbered as SC 906. In 1933, SC 9 was realigned on a straight path from Loris to Little River; most of the old route was downgraded to secondary, with exception to Wampee and eastward becoming SC 90. In 1936, SC 9 was extended north through Spartanburg and Boiling Springs to its current northern terminus at the North Carolina state line; replacing SC 177. In 1940, SC 9 was extended", "id": "5557114" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 5\n\n\nroute from both US 521 and I-85 to both York and Rock Hill. Established as an original state highway, SC 5 originally traveled from SC 9 in Fort Lawn, through Rock Hill and York, to SC 8 in Blacksburg. In 1929 or 1930, SC 5 was extended south along new primary routing to SC 22 in Great Falls. In 1938, SC 5 was extended on both directions, connecting north to SC 18 and south to US 21 in Ridgeway. In 1939, SC 5 reached its longest length with its", "id": "22182862" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\ncounty, crosses over part of Lake Wateree, and enters Liberty Hill. There, it has an intersection with the western terminus of SC 522 (Stoneboro Road). A short distance later, it enters Lancaster County. It continues traveling through rural areas until it intersects SC 200 (Great Falls Highway). The two highways travel concurrently to the west. Almost immediately, they cross over the Catawba River on the Tom G. Mangum Bridge, where they enter Chester County. This bridge is just south of the Fishing Creek Dam", "id": "15954610" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 248\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 248 (SC 248) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Ninety Six National Historic Site. SC 248 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Epworth at U.S. Route 178 (US 178) to Ninety Six at SC 34/SC 246. Established in 1940, it is the second SC 248 and has remained unchanged since inception. The first SC 248 was established by 1930 as a renumbering of SC 151 from US 29", "id": "21840646" }, { "contents": "Ridgeway, South Carolina\n\n\n). U.S. Route 21 passes through the towns, leading north to Great Falls and south to Columbia. South Carolina Highway 34 leads west to Interstate 77 and east to Lugoff. Winnsboro, the county seat, is to the northwest via SC 34. According to the United States Census Bureau, Ridgeway has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 328 people, 138 households, and 96 families residing in the town. The population density was 692.7 people per square mile", "id": "9585082" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects rural areas of Lincoln and Gaston counties to Gastonia. NC 274 was established in 1930 as a new primary routing, from NC 27 to U.S. Route 74 (US 74) and NC 20 (now NC 161) in Bessemer City. Around 1938, it was extended southeast to its current southern terminus at the South Carolina state line, where it continues as South Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274).", "id": "18047645" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 39\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 39 (SC 39) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects various rural communities and towns from the southwest to the northwest sections of the state. SC 39 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from the Savannah River Site to U.S. Route 221 (US 221) south of Laurens. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, traveling from SC 12, in Monetta, to SC 21, in Edgefield. In 1923, SC 39 was extended in", "id": "22043911" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 909\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 909 (SC 909) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities of northern Chester County. SC 909 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in Lowrys to SC 9 near Richburg. The route zig-zags in northern Chester County connecting small communities, and provides access to the Chester Catawba Regional Airport. Established in 1940 as a new primary routing, it originally traversed from SC 9 to US 21 in Lewis", "id": "12654301" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nwhich later became a secondary road by 1948. The current SC 79 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of part of SC 38, from Bennettsville to the North Carolina state line. Between 1967 and 1970, SC 79 was rerouted and replaced SC 383 to SC 9; the old alignment became SC 385. South Carolina Highway 383 (SC 383) was established by 1937 as new primary routing from SC 9 near Bennettsville to SC 79 near Gibson, North Carolina. It was renumbered as part of SC 79 by 1970.", "id": "21700755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 213\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 213 (SC 213) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through mostly rural areas of Newberry and Fairfield counties. It also connects Jenkinsville and the Winnsboro area. SC 213 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 176 (US 176) southeast of Pomaria within Newberry County, where the roadway continues as Parr Road. It travels to the east and crosses over Crims Creek. A short distance later, the highway crosses over the Broad River, Hampton Island and some railroad", "id": "16629962" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 145 (SC 145) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 145 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from U.S. Route 1 (US 1) near McBee, through the county seat of Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It also passes through forest and wildlife refuge areas. The entire route has been officially named the Carolinas Sandhills Parkway by the State of South Carolina. The first", "id": "21845728" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 200 (NC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south from the South Carolina state line near the community of JAARS, to US 601 near Concord. NC 200 traverses , starting at the South Carolina state line, through the city of Monroe, and the towns of Stanfield and Locust, before ending at US 601 near Concord. For its length, it is a two-lane rural highway except in Monroe where it is a four-", "id": "799955" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 151\n\n\n29 (US 29)/SC 15 in Anderson, to SC 20 in Williamston. By 1930, it was renumbered as SC 248. The current SC 151 was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 35 from Darlington to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 151 truncated at SC 9 in Pageland, its route north to the state line replaced by US 601. By 1958, SC 151 replaced SC 151 Alternate, bypassing Hartsville. In 1983, SC 151 was extended and bypassed east of Pageland, to its current", "id": "21952570" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 161 (SC 161) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill, York, and Kings Mountain, North Carolina. SC 161 is a multi-lane highway, traversing from U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and Interstate 77 (I-77), through the northern part of Rock Hill and north around York, to the back entrance area of Kings Mountain State Park and Kings Mountain National Military Park, and ends at the North Carolina state line", "id": "12487686" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 403\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 403 (SC 403) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Timmonsville and the surrounding rural area with the cities of Lake City and Hartsville. SC 403 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for beginning north of Lake City, along SC 341. Going through a northeasterly direction to Hobbs Crossroads, it then goes north to Sardis. Connecting with Interstate 95 (I-95) north of Sardis, it continues north connecting with U.S. Route 76 (US", "id": "22010317" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 212\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 212 (SC 212) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Williams by connecting it with nearby highways. SC 212 is a two-lane rural highway that connects the town of Williams between SC 64 and U.S. Route 21 (US 21). Within Williams, it intersects SC 362 at its eastern terminus. Established around 1938 as a new primary routing as a spur from US 21 to Williams. In 1940, it was extended south to its current", "id": "22114289" }, { "contents": "U.S. Route 521\n\n\nknown as Camden Highway. It passes under I-20 and proceeds to Camden. It then goes on to the town of Kershaw, running concurrent with US 601. The final city it goes through before going into North Carolina is Lancaster. US 521 traverses from the South Carolina state line to Interstate 485. The entire route is a four to six-lane divided highway, split in naming between Lancaster Highway and Johnston Road. Established in 1932, it was overlapped entirely with SC 26, from Georgetown to the North Carolina state line", "id": "21139357" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 83\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 83 (NC 83) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves to connect the towns of Maxton and Clio, South Carolina. NC 83 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line and goes north to end at NC 130 in Seven Bridges. The highway is flanked by both farmland and swamps. NC 83 was established in 1937 as a new primary routing from US 501 to the South Carolina state line, where it continues as SC", "id": "5127960" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 72\n\n\nas a renumbering of SC 7; it traversed from the Georgia state line, near Calhoun Falls, to US 21 in Chester. In 1950, it was extended northeast to US 21/SC 5 in Rock Hill, which replaced part of US 21. In 1951 or 1952, its routing was adjusted west of Greenwood replacing SC 702 and leaving Old Abbeville Highway (S-1-3 and S-24-1). In 1954, SC 72 was placed on bypass south and east around Chester; its old alignment became a business", "id": "7621861" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 198\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 198 (SC 198) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the town of Blacksburg at Interstate 85 (I-85) exit 102 and the northern terminus of SC 5 with the town of Earl, North Carolina by way of North Carolina Highway 198 (NC 198). Though it physically runs north and south, internal SCDOT data and the only signage of SC 198 at the I-85 / SC 5 intersection indicates that it runs east–west. A two-lane rural", "id": "18046947" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 246\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 246 (SC 246) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities and towns in eastern Greenwood County. SC 246 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Friendship to Hodges; connecting the town of Ninety Six and the communities of Coronaca and Cokesbury. The highway also provides access to Star Fort Pond, at Ninety Six National Historic Site, via Kinard Road (S-24-27). Established in 1930 as a replacement for part of SC 24", "id": "21868609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSC 145 appeared in 1941 or 1942 as a new primary route from SC 644 to US 15 north of Walterboro. In 1948, it was downgraded to secondary status, known today as McLeod Road. The current SC 145 was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 85; little has changed since. South Carolina Highway 85 (SC 85) was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 95, it traveled from US 1, near McBee, through Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It was renumbered to", "id": "21845729" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 157\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 157 (SC 157) is a state highway in the Sandhills region of South Carolina. Though it physically runs west to east, it is signed as a north-south road. Its southern terminus at its westernmost point at SC 341 in Kershaw, Lancaster County and its northern terminus (eastern end) at SC 346 about west of Catarrh in rural Kershaw County. SC 157 begins at an intersection with Marion Street and Minor Street in eastern Kershaw. From this point, SC 341 travels west on Marion Street", "id": "17035715" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 45\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 45 (SC 45) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as the main thoroughfare in northern Berkeley County. Established as an original state highway in 1922, it traversed from SC 41 in St. Stephen to SC 31 in St. Matthews. Around 1926, SC 45 was truncated west of St. Stephen along a new alignment of SC 41 (current U.S. Route 52 or US 52). By 1931, SC 45 was extended west on new primary routing to SC 24 in", "id": "22162620" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 781\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 781 (SC 781) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It is used as part of a bypass south of Aiken, between Augusta and Williston, in conjunction with U.S. Route 278 (US 278). SC 781 is a two-lane rural connector highway between US 278 and US 78. Established in 1940 as a new primary route, it traversed from SC 28 in Beech Island east to US 78 west of Williston. In 1953, SC 781 was truncated to its", "id": "15556341" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 49\n\n\nLake Wylie. Established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 163, it ran from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in York to the North Carolina state line in Lake Wylie. In 1956, SC 49 was extended southwest to its current southern terminus at US 221 in Watts Mills replacing SC 91 from York to Monarch, SC 92 from Monarch to Cross Anchor, and SC 30 from Cross Anchor to Watts Mills. In 1960 or 1961, SC 49 was rerouted from Lockhart to Mount Tabor. At an unknown date,", "id": "21332808" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 914\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 914 (SC 914) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Lancaster and Springdale, via Lancaster Mill. SC 914 begins at an intersection with SC 9 Business (SC 9 Bus.; West Meeting Street) on the Lancaster–Lancaster Mill line, within Lancaster County. It travels to the southeast and immediately enters Lancaster Mill proper and curves to the south-southeast. Just after Old Landsford Road, it crosses over some railroad tracks. One block later, at", "id": "18102740" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 211\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 211 (SC 211) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway serves the rural areas of southern Cherokee and western York counties. SC 211 is a two-lane rural highway. The highway begins at SC 150, north of Pacolet in Cherokee County, going easterly along Asbury Road to Asbury, where it connects with SC 18. Splitting from SC 18 onto Gowdeysville Road, it connects with SC 105 in Saratt. Solo again, when it splits from SC 105 with", "id": "14126145" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 20 (SC 20) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Abbeville, Belton, Williamston and Greenville. The highway is signed as a west-east highway though it physically runs south-to-north. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from the Georgia state line to SC 8 (Guess Street/Green Avenue) in Greenville; connecting McCormick, Abbeville, Due West, Honea Path, Belton, and Williamston.", "id": "19237178" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 555\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 555 (SC 555) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route from downtown Columbia to Blythewood. SC 555 traverses from SC 12 in downtown Columbia to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) near Blythewood. Before Interstate 77 (I-77) was completed in the area, SC 555 served as a major thoroughfare; today it is an alternate route. The highway is four lanes south of I-77 and two lanes north of it. The highway was established in", "id": "3546072" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nrenumbering of SC 12, it originally ran from US 521 to the North Carolina state line in Hancock. By 1964, SC 75 was extended to its current western terminus at SC 5 in Van Wyck, replacing part of SC 504. South Carolina Highway 75 Truck (Truck SC 75) is a truck route of SC 75 bypassing Van Wyck. When SC 75 merges off from US 521 near Van Wyck, Truck SC 75 begins and follows US 521 until an interchange with SC 5. Truck Route 75 then follows SC 5", "id": "20072881" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 37\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 37 (SC 37) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It provides a direct route between Barnwell and Springfield. SC 37 is a two-lane rural highway that travels between U.S. Route 278 (US 278) and SC 39, with a connection with US 78 in Elko. SC 37 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 1, in Barnwell, to SC 27, in Williston. In 1923, SC 37 was rerouted", "id": "16526209" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nRoute 176 (US 176)/SC 10 in Spartanburg to the North Carolina state line; it eventually became part of SC 9. The second appeared from 1938-1951 as a new primary routing from US 176 southeast of Pomaria to US 76/SC 2 near Ballentine. It was adjusted twice, in 1948 extending and replacing SC 664, and in 1950 shifting to meet with US 176/SC 121 split. It was eventually renumbered as an extension of US 176. South Carolina Highway 77 (SC 77) was established in 1937", "id": "21845186" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 97 (SC 97) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Camden, Great Falls, Chester, and Hickory Grove. SC 97 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 521 (US 521)/US 601 (Broad Street) in Camden within Kershaw County, northeast of the Camden Country Club. The highway travels to the northwest and meets US 521 Truck/US 601 Truck (Boykin Road) just before leaving the city limits of Camden. It travels through rural areas of the", "id": "15954609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 121\n\n\n, where US 21 continues north towards Fort Mill, while also connecting with SC 322. SC 121 had two previous stents in the state before its current routing was established. The first SC 121 was established in 1925 or 1926 as a new primary routing; it traversed from SC 27 in Aiken, northeast through Wagener and Pelion, to SC 2/SC 12 in Springdale. In 1928, it was renumbered as SC 215. The second SC 121 was established in 1929 or 1930 as new primary routing; it traversed from", "id": "4644891" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 901\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 901 (SC 901) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a slower alternate rural route to Interstate 77 (I-77) and the western bypass of Rock Hill. SC 901 begins along SC 200 near I-77. Going north, it hovers to the west and then east of I-77 and then passes through Richburg. After entering York County, it has its own interchange with I-77, then proceeds to form the western bypass of Rock Hill. It is a two-", "id": "16644755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\n27 around 1931, it traversed from SC 65 (current SC 61) in Givhans, to US 78 east of Ridgeville. In 1940, it was rerouted north from Ridgeville to US 78 and then spur up to the Berkeley County line. In 1941 or 1942, SC 27 was extended north into Berkeley County to SC 31 (current US 176). The first SC 27 was an original state highway; established in 1922, it traversed from SC 21 in Trenton, south to Aiken, then east through Williston, Blackville", "id": "22136169" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nAvenue (on state maps, it is officially SC 19 Connector); while SC 19 southbound travels along Laurens Street/Park Avenue onto Chesterfield Street. SC 19 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 2 in Newberry, north through Whitmire, Union, Spartanburg, Inman and Landrum, to the North Carolina state line continuing as NC 19. In 1923, it was extended south on new primary routing, through Saluda, to SC 21/SC 27 in Trenton. In 1927", "id": "16271415" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 179\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 179 (SC 179) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It travels from Little River to the North Carolina state line, near Calabash. One of the shortest state highways in the state, SC 179 starts at U.S. Route 17 (US 17) in Little River and travels to the North Carolina state line. The route continues on as NC 179, connecting the towns of Calabash, Sunset Beach, and Ocean Isle Beach. The entire route is two lanes wide with brief", "id": "6284330" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 47\n\n\nwas an original state highway (1922) that traversed from SC 40 in Green Sea, northwest through Nichols and Lake View, before entering North Carolina. By 1926 was renumbered to SC 94. SC 47 Truck in Elloree begins at Felderville Road (S-38-81) then onto Snider Street (S-38-1023); at Main Street, it goes back northwest, in concurrency with SC 6/SC 267, reuniting with SC 47 at its northern terminus. A Food Lion distribution center is located in the town, the", "id": "22136670" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 173\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 173 (SC 173) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with U.S. Route 78 (US 78). SC 173 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville northeast to US 78. The predominant features along the route are homes and forest. Established as the second SC 173 in 1940, it traversed from US 15 in Grover east to US 78 near Ridgeville; the section between Ridgeville and US 78 was", "id": "22136291" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 16\n\n\nit connected the cities and towns of Ridgeway, Winnsboro, Chester, York, and Clover. In 1927, US 21 was assigned between Columbia and Chester; the following year SC 16 was removed from that section. In 1931, the first SC 16 was decommissioned when US 321 was assigned on the remaining route. The second SC 16 appeared in 1939 as a new primary routing between SC 48 east to US 76 in Columbia. In 1940, it was extended north from US 76 to SC 12. In 1948, the", "id": "4796568" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 207 (SC 207) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It is entirely within the boundaries of Chesterfield County and serves to connect the city of Pageland, South Carolina to the city of Monroe, North Carolina via North Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207). Starting at the intersection of Elm Street and McGregor Street (U.S. Route 601 (US 601) and SC 9), it travels northwest for to the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 207 towards", "id": "5806442" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 81\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 81 (SC 81) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects rural areas of McCormick County with Greenville, via Calhoun Falls, Iva, Homeland Park, and Anderson. SC 81 begins at an intersection with SC 28 east-southeast of Lethia within McCormick County. This intersection is within Sumter National Forest and just north of SC 28's crossing of Long Cane Creek. It travels to the northwest and curves to the west-southwest and travels through Lethia. It then", "id": "18281932" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 905\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 905 (NC 905) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves as part of an alternate route between Whiteville and Conway, South Carolina, through southeastern Columbus County. NC 905 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina line and South Carolina Highway 905 (SC 905) in Olyphic. Traveling north, it connects with NC 904 in Pireway. After its concurrency with NC 904, it continues solo for , connecting the communities of Bug Hill and", "id": "14981023" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nCarolina state line, near Earl. South Carolina reciprocate in 1930 with the establishment of SC 111 from the state line to Gaffney, which was later renumbered SC 18 in 1937. In 1929, NC 18 was extended north, replacing NC 67, through Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro, to US 21/NC 26 in Sparta. Also in 1929, NC 18 was rerouted south of Morganton going through the Sunnyside community and leaving behind Enola and Enola Road (SR 1922). In 1930, NC 18 was extended northeast along new", "id": "12715101" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 165\n\n\nit curves to the northwest to meet its northern terminus, and intersection with US 17 Alternate (N. Main Street) and Berkeley Circle. Established in 1939 as a new primary highway, SC 165 originally traversed from its current southern terminus to US 17 in Ravenel. This section has remained relatively unchanged; with an exception in Hollywood, where it was realigned in the 1980s, removing a concurrency with SC 162 and leaving Town Council Road. Around 1952, SC 165 was extended north on mostly new construction to Cooks Crossroads, where", "id": "6640073" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 19 (SC 19) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Aiken directly with the Savannah River Site and Edgefield via U.S. Route 25 (US 25). SC 19 operates as arterial four-lane highway from Aiken to the Savannah River Site; to its north, it is a two-lane rural highway to Trenton, where it connects with US 25 and SC 121. In Aiken's downtown area, SC 19 is signed, northbound along Chesterfield Street and Richland", "id": "16271414" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nover SC 200, and quickly SC 9 Business is out of downtown on E. Arch St. A half mile after crossing over SC 200, SC 9 Business ends at SC 9 Bypass. Other than Spartanburg, the City of Lancaster is the largest urban area SC 9 runs through before reaching the North Myrtle Beach area. Like all the numbered highways in Chester, SC 9 Business goes straight through downtown, and the bypass route makes a half-moon path around Chester. SC 9 Business shares a brief concurrency with US 321 Business", "id": "5557121" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\n), replacing US 29 Business (US 29 Bus.). In 2000, SC 20 was extended to its current northern terminus at Falls Park Drive (formerly Camperdown Way) just shy of US 123, replacing part of US 25 Bus. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn.) is a connector route, in concurrency with SC 28 Conn. It connects SC 20 with SC 28, north of Abbeville. The route is unsigned its entire length. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn) is a", "id": "19237181" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Its entire length runs through Union County and serves as the primary connector between the towns of Waxhaw, Mineral Springs, and Monroe. The route roughly parallels a CSX railroad line for its entire span. NC 75 starts at the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, near Hancock, South Carolina. In South Carolina, it continues as SC 75 for to SC 5, in Van Wyck. Heading east from the", "id": "5127428" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 137\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 137 (SC 137) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Norris with rural areas of Pickens, via Six Mile. SC 135 begins at an intersection with SC 93 (Norris Drive) in Norris, within Pickens County, where the roadway continues as East Jamison Street. It travels to the northwest and crosses over Twelve Mile Creek just north of Cateechee. In Six Mile, the highway intersects SC 133 (South Main Street). The two highways travel concurrently until", "id": "16201660" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 59\n\n\n24. The road heads on its northeast trajectory until it meets its northern terminus, an intersection with U.S. Route 76 (US 76), US 123, SC 28 in Seneca. Established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 181 and part of SC 182, SC 59 traversed from the Georgia state line to Fair Play, then north to Seneca ending at US 76/SC 13/SC 28. By 1963, SC 59 was truncated at I-85 due to Lake Hartwell submerging the route to Georgia. The portion south of", "id": "4730382" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects the city of Wadesboro with the towns of Oakboro and Chesterfield, South Carolina. NC 742 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, where continuing south on South Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) would lead to Chesterfield. In Wadesboro, it first runs concurrent with NC 109 before going through the downtown area. At the intersection of Caswell and Greene Streets,", "id": "4827585" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 68\n\n\n-lane configuration about north of the I-95 junction. Passing underneath I-95, SC 68 returns to a two-lane configuration as it enters Yemassee before terminating at an intersection with US 17 Alternate and US 21. Established in 1967 as a renumbering of SC 28, it has remained unchanged since. Prior to the current routing, SC 68 had two previous incarnations: In 1937-38 from Clio to the North Carolina state line (renumbered as SC 83), and in 1938-47 as a short highway spur from US", "id": "6817262" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the South Carolina state line to NC 274 near the unincorporated community of Tryon. NC 216 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, from Kings Mountain National Military Park; the road continues south towards the park as South Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216). Going north, it crosses over Interstate 85 then has a short overlap with", "id": "21201754" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 51\n\n\nroad that starts at US 21 near Fort Mill and ends at the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 51 through Pineville. The route is entirely two-lane, expanding to four lanes at the state line. Established as a new primary routing in 1926; the original routing ran from SC 40 (today as US 701) along Choppee Road (today as S-22-4) and Hemingway Highway (today as SC 261) to Hemingway then onto Florence, ending at SC 41 (today as US", "id": "9677788" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 18 (NC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Traveling north–south through the Foothills region, it connects the cities of Shelby, Morganton, Lenoir, Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro. NC 18 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that travels in western North Carolina. Starting as a continuation of SC 18, at the South Carolina state line near Earl, NC 18 travels north into Shelby, where it overlaps with NC 150 and crosses US 74/NC 226", "id": "12715094" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 93\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 93 (abbreviated S.C. Highway 93 or SC 93) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It runs from U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and SC 28 in Clemson northeast to US 123 in Easley. The highway begins at an interchange with the US 76/SC 28 concurrency and Old Greenville Highway east of downtown Clemson. West of this point, Old Greenville Highway passes through downtown Clemson and the campus of Clemson University and is signed as SC 93 though it is not officially", "id": "22146588" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 27 (SC 27) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with nearby highways. SC 27 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville south to the unincorporated community of Givhans to its south and highways U.S. Route 78 (US 78), Interstate 26 (I-26), and US 176 to its north. The predominant features along the route is farmland mixed with forest and swamps. Established as the second SC", "id": "22136168" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 48\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 48 (SC 48) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves southern Richland County and access to the Congaree National Park. SC 48 begins in downtown Columbia along Assembly Street. It traverses west, passing alongside the South Carolina State House and the University of South Carolina, before turning onto Rosewood Drive and then onto Bluff Road. After leaving the Columbia city limits, it continues through southeastern Richland County as a two-lane rural highway to U.S. Route 601 (US 601", "id": "12287717" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 310\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 310 (SC 310) is an long state highway in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a south-north orientation from Holly Hill north to Vance, and then northwest to its northern terminus, completely within Orangeburg County. SC 310 begins at an intersection with US 176 in Holly Hill. The route heads north to an intersection with SC 45, north of the city. The road continues north into the city of Vance, where it intersects SC 210. After", "id": "4731054" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 57\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 57 (SC 57) is a state highway in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a southeast-northwest orientation from the unincorporated community of Fork northwest through Dillon to Little Rock and then curves northeasterly to the North Carolina state line, north of Little Rock, all completely within Dillon County. SC 57 begins at an intersection with SC 41 and SC 41 Alternate in Fork. The route heads northeast through the town of Floydale until it enters Dillon. In town,", "id": "4796454" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nthe beachfront. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from SC 23 in Dillon, west to SC 10, in Enoree. By 1926, SC 9 was extended east to Lake View, then replacing SC 47 to Green Sea, then southeast on new primary routing to Little River. On its northern end, SC 9 rerouted from Kelly to SC 19, near Spartanburg, replacing SC 92. The route from Kelly to Enoree was renumbered SC 92. In 1927, SC 9 was rerouted between Pageland to", "id": "5557113" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 38\n\n\nconnected with the newly renumbered SC 38. NC 38 has not changed since. North Carolina Highway 771 (NC 771) first appeared as a new primary routing in 1930, traveling from US 311/NC 77, east of Winston-Salem, to US 421/NC 60, in Kernersville. In 1936, NC 771 was replaced by an extension of NC 150. The second NC 771 was established as new primary routing in 1936, from Hamlet to the South Carolina state line, where it continued as SC 96.", "id": "20812160" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\n72 via Central Avenue, Park Street and Glenn Street. SC 66 was established in 1934 as a new primary routing, traversing from SC 56 to US 76/SC 2 in Goldville (now Joanna). In 1941 or 1942, a second SC 66 was created, from SC 706 in Eisons Crossroads to the Newberry-Laurens county line. In 1948, the two sections of SC 66 were connected, and was also extended east into Whitmire replacing part of SC 706. South Carolina Highway 706 (SC 706) was", "id": "15134091" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 513\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 513 (SC 513) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through rural areas of Georgetown County. SC 513 begins at an intersection with SC 41/SC 51 (County Line Road) south-southwest of Hopewell, on the Williamsburg–Georgetown county line. It travels to the north-northeast, on the county line, and nearly immediately intersects the eastern terminus of SC 512 (Henry Road). The highway turns right onto Pleasant Hill Drive and travels to", "id": "17729308" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 66 (SC 66) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the community of Joanna with nearby SC 56 and the town of Whitmire. SC 66 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from SC 56 to SC 72 in Whitmire. It connects to U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and Interstate 26 (I-26). Predominantly in the Sumter National Forest, it meanders through forest lands; in Whitmire, it takes a couple of turns before reaching SC", "id": "15134090" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 60\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 60 (SC 60) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Irmo, connecting nearby Lake Murray and Harbison State Forest. SC 60 is a mostly four-lane with median suburban highway that travels from SC 6 to U.S. Route 176 (US 176), with an interchange with Interstate 26 (I-26)/US 76. SC 60 was established in 1929 as a new primary routing. The route has remained unchanged since inception, though its eastern endpoint was originally US", "id": "22092019" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 64\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 64 (SC 64) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the cities of Barnwell and Walterboro while also providing a direct route to Charleston, via U.S. Route 17 (US 17). SC 64 was established around 1926 as a new primary routing from SC 28 near Ellenton, to SC 6/SC 301 near Ruffin. In 1928, SC 64 was extended east to US 17 in Walterboro, replacing part of SC 6. Around 1930, SC 64 was extended", "id": "22114149" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\n, US 176 was assigned to SC 19 from Newberry to the North Carolina state line; the following year it was removed from the overlap. Also in 1928, SC 19 was extended south, replacing part of SC 27 to US 1/US 78 in Aiken. In 1929 or 1930, SC 19 was extended south (again) to SC 28 north of Ellenton. Around 1952, the Savannah River Site was established; which removed of highway in what is now a restricted area. By 1955, SC 19 was widened", "id": "16271416" } ]

[ { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 200 (SC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Winnsboro, Great Falls, and Lancaster. SC 200 is mostly a rural two-lane highway, traversing northwest from Winnsboro, through Great Falls and Lancaster, to the North Carolina state line. Established in 1937 as a renumbering part of SC 93 to match NC 200; it originally traversed from US 521 to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 200 was extended to its", "id": "18356164" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 903\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 903 (SC 903) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Lancaster to Darlington, Florence, and the Grand Strand. SC 903 is a two-lane rural highway, from Catarrh to Lancaster. Control cities listed southbound include Myrtle Beach. Established either in 1929 or 1930 as a new primary routing, it traversed from SC 35 in Catarrh to SC 9 in Midway. In 1949, SC 903 was extended north to its current northern terminus in Lancaster, replacing an", "id": "22013136" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 99\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 99 (SC 99) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Great Falls with rural areas of Chester County. SC 99 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and SC 200 (Pendergrass Boulevard) in Great Falls within Chester County. It travels to the northwest. On the edge of the city limits of the town is an intersection with SC 97 (Francis Avenue). They have a very brief concurrency. SC 99 travels in a north", "id": "16138937" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Chesterfield with Wadesboro, North Carolina. SC 742 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 145, near Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. The road continues into North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) towards Wadesboro. It was established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 850 and to match NC 742, little has changed since. SC 850 was established in", "id": "21845915" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nlane road from Charlotte Avenue to US 74 and a six-lane divided highway on its concurrency with US 74 and US 601. Established in 1930, it traveled from Monroe at US 74/NC 20/NC 25/NC 151 south to the South Carolina state line where it changed into SC 93 (renumbered to SC 200 in 1937). Between 1931-36, NC 200 was realigned north of Old Highway Road near Jackson. In 1936, the highway was extended north via Franklin Street, Church Street, Winchester", "id": "799956" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\n. The first SC 161 appeared in 1923 as a new primary routing from SC 16 in Eau Claire to SC 22. It was extended northwest by 1926 to SC 7 in Leeds. In 1928, the entire route was renumbered as part of SC 215. The current SC 161 was established in 1930 as a new primary route, it originally traversed from SC 16 (today US 321) to the North Carolina state line, continuing as North Carolina Highway 215 (renumbered in 1937 to NC 161). In 1959, SC", "id": "12487687" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 109\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 109 (SC 109) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 109 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from SC 145 through Ruby and Mount Croghan, to the North Carolina state line. SC 109 was established in either 1937 or 1938 as a new primary route from SC 9 in Mount Croghan to the North Carolina state line. In 1939, it was extended south to SC 85. In", "id": "21845959" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 177 (SC 177) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the community of Wallace with Hamlet, North Carolina. SC 177 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from Wallace at SC 9 to the North Carolina state line. The highway was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 77, little has changed since. Two predecessors existed before the current SC 177 came to existence. The first appeared from 1930-1936 as a new primary routing from U.S.", "id": "21845185" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 79 (SC 79) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects communities in western Marlboro County. SC 79 is a two-lane rural highway, traversing from SC 9 to the North Carolina state line where the road continues in Gibson, North Carolina as North Carolina Highway 79. Originally established in 1937 as a new primary route, it connected U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Denmark, to Voorhees College. In 1938, it was replaced by SC 68,", "id": "21700754" }, { "contents": "Winnsboro, South Carolina\n\n\nand south to Columbia. SC 34 leads southeast to Ridgeway and west to Newberry. SC 200 leads northeast to Great Falls. The unincorporated community of Winnsboro Mills borders the south side of Winnsboro. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Winnsboro has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,564 people, 1,454 households, and 984 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,109.6 people per square mile (428.9/km²). There were 1,597 housing", "id": "9585095" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 34\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 34 (SC 34) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As one of the longer state highways, it traverses the state east-west from Greenwood to Dillon, connecting the cities of Newberry, Winnsboro, Camden, Bishopville and Darlington. SC 34 begins as a hidden highway in downtown Greenwood, at the intersection of Main Street and Maxwell Avenue. On city and state official maps, SC 34 is on an east parallel to U.S. Route 25 Business (US 25 Bus.", "id": "13565724" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 385\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 385 (SC 385) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Bennettsville with northern Marlboro County. SC 385 is a two-lane (mostly) rural highway, traverses from Bennettsville north to SC 79, near the North Carolina state line. The first SC 385 appeared around 1941-42 as a new primary route from SC 341 to U.S. Route 15 (US 15)/SC 34. In 1948, it was downgraded to a secondary road. The current SC", "id": "21700661" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill and Gastonia, North Carolina. Though it generally runs in a north-south fashion, it is signed west-east. SC 274 is mostly a four-lane suburban highway that traverses , from the North Carolina state line, where the road continues north as North Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274), to downtown Rock Hill at SC 322. Established in 1937 as a", "id": "18047413" }, { "contents": "Interstate 77 in South Carolina\n\n\nthe town of Ridgeway and passes under the NS R-Line. The freeway passes to the east of Winnsboro, which is accessed via SC 34 or the next interchange with Road 41. I-77 has junction with Road 20 and SC 200 near Mitford before entering Chester County. The freeway has an interchange with SC 97 (Great Falls Road), which connects the county seat of Chester to the west with the town of Great Falls to the east. Great Falls is where the Piedmont-based Catawba River reaches the Fall Line", "id": "7110295" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 522\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 522 (SC 522) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect communities in central Lancaster County. SC 522 is a two-lane rural highway, from Liberty Hill to the North Carolina state line, near Sapps Crossroads. It is similar to a Farm-to-market road that it provides no real destination for travelers, but does provides access to farmland in central Lancaster County. Originally established in either 1937 or 1938, it was a new primary route", "id": "22034481" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 381 (SC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the towns in eastern Marlboro County. SC 381 traverses from Blenheim at SC 38 to the North Carolina state line where it continues as North Carolina Highway 381 into Gibson, North Carolina. As a two-lane rural highway, it connects the towns of Clio and McColl. The highway was established in 1930 as a new primary route from SC 38 in Blenheim to SC 9 in Clio. In 1931 or", "id": "21652315" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 381\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 381 (NC 381) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Hamlet and Gibson. NC 381 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from the South Carolina state line in Gibson to U.S. Route 74 Business near Hamlet. The highway is flanked with farms and has little traffic. Established in 1940 as a renumbering of NC 78 when the route was extended to the South Carolina state line, connecting with SC 381; remained unchanged since inception.", "id": "8146479" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 75 (SC 75) is an state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The road is a mainly rural road. Its eastern terminus at the North Carolina state line at North Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75). SC 75 is a road for most of its existence, as it is here. After running for two miles (3 km) through the tip of Lancaster County, SC 75 overlaps U.S. Route 521 (US 521), running south. From Hancock, the road continues on", "id": "20072879" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 702\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 702 (SC 702) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Greenwood State Park. SC 702 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from SC 246 between Ninety Six and Coronaca, to SC 39 north of Saluda. The current routing of SC 702 was created by 1952 and has remained unchanged since. It was originally established in 1940 as a loop off SC 7 west of Greenwood. By 1942, SC 702 was extended east", "id": "21868670" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 21\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 21 (NC 21) was a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. At its height, it traversed from the South Carolina state line to Raleigh, connecting the cities of Fayetteville, and Lillington. Established as an original state highway, it traversed from the South Carolina state line (continuing as SC 47 to Lake View) north through Lumberton, Fayetteville, and Lillington before ending at NC 10, in Raleigh. In 1925, NC 21 was rerouted south of Fayetteville, replacing NC 22", "id": "18985691" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 265\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 265 (SC 265) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Jefferson with the cities of Kershaw and Chesterfield. SC 265 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 601 (US 601) north of Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. The highway was established in 1928 as a new primary routing from SC 26 in Kershaw to SC 9 near Ruby. In 1940, it was extended southwest to SC 97 in Liberty Hill. In 1948", "id": "21903505" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 55\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 55 (SC 55) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the city of Clover to Blacksburg, Rock Hill, and Charlotte, North Carolina. SC 55 is a rural two-lane highway, with a median in and around Clover; between Clover and Lake Wylie, it is also paralleled by a major transmission line. It traverses from SC 5 near Kings Creek, to SC 49/SC 274 near Lake Wylie. Travelers to and from Charlotte would connect through", "id": "12594781" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 18 (SC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the cities of Union, Gaffney and Shelby, North Carolina. SC 18 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Fredrick Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 18 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of SC 111, from U.S. Route 29 (US 29) in Gaffney, to the North Carolina state line.", "id": "14222860" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 150\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 150 (SC 150) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Pacolet and Gaffney with the more rural areas of Spartanburg and Cherokee counties. SC 150 is a two-lane rural highway. In Gaffney, it goes through the downtown area along Limestone Street and overlaps with the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail. SC 150 was established in 1940 as a renumbering of part of SC 103, from SC 18 in Gaffney to the North Carolina state line. In 1960-", "id": "14125945" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 223\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 223 (SC 223) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector between Richburg and Landsford Canal State Park. SC 223 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 9 and SC 901 outside of Richburg to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) in the community of Landsford and Landsford Canal State Park. The first SC 223 appeared from 1939-1940 as a spur off SC 22, renumbered as an extension of SC 901. The current SC", "id": "12079569" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the Kings Mountain National Military Park to North Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) at the North Carolina state line. SC 216 is a short two-lane rural highway in the northeast corner of Cherokee County. At its southern terminus at the Kings Mountain National Military Park entrance, the road continues east park-maintained towards York County and SC 161. SC 216 passes through a", "id": "21201795" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 215\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 215 (SC 215) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route to Union from either Columbia or Spartanburg. SC 215 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Columbia to Spartanburg; connecting Jenkinsville, Carlisle, Union, and Roebuck. It was established in 1928 as a renumbering of SC 121 and SC 161. It originally traveled from U.S. Route 78 (US 78) in Aiken, northeast through Wagener, Pelion, Edmund, and", "id": "21764584" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 557\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 557 (SC 557) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a connector route between Clover and Lake Wylie. SC 557 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from SC 55 near Clover to SC 49/SC 274 in Lake Wylie. The highway provides travelers a more direct route to and from Charlotte. Though it runs physically west-to-east, it is signed as a north-south highway with its western end as its southern terminus and", "id": "18047294" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is entirely in the boundaries of Union County and serves to connect the city of Monroe to the city of Pageland, South Carolina, at the South Carolina state line via SC 207. From the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, NC 207 is a two-lane rural highway traversing north through rolling hills of farmland. Once it enters Monroe city limits, it becomes Haynes Street, where it connects several", "id": "19757200" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nLancaster on a more southern route, avoiding the Tradesville area; The old alignment was briefly downgraded to secondary before being renumbered as SC 906. In 1933, SC 9 was realigned on a straight path from Loris to Little River; most of the old route was downgraded to secondary, with exception to Wampee and eastward becoming SC 90. In 1936, SC 9 was extended north through Spartanburg and Boiling Springs to its current northern terminus at the North Carolina state line; replacing SC 177. In 1940, SC 9 was extended", "id": "5557114" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 5\n\n\nroute from both US 521 and I-85 to both York and Rock Hill. Established as an original state highway, SC 5 originally traveled from SC 9 in Fort Lawn, through Rock Hill and York, to SC 8 in Blacksburg. In 1929 or 1930, SC 5 was extended south along new primary routing to SC 22 in Great Falls. In 1938, SC 5 was extended on both directions, connecting north to SC 18 and south to US 21 in Ridgeway. In 1939, SC 5 reached its longest length with its", "id": "22182862" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\ncounty, crosses over part of Lake Wateree, and enters Liberty Hill. There, it has an intersection with the western terminus of SC 522 (Stoneboro Road). A short distance later, it enters Lancaster County. It continues traveling through rural areas until it intersects SC 200 (Great Falls Highway). The two highways travel concurrently to the west. Almost immediately, they cross over the Catawba River on the Tom G. Mangum Bridge, where they enter Chester County. This bridge is just south of the Fishing Creek Dam", "id": "15954610" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 248\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 248 (SC 248) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as main access to the Ninety Six National Historic Site. SC 248 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Epworth at U.S. Route 178 (US 178) to Ninety Six at SC 34/SC 246. Established in 1940, it is the second SC 248 and has remained unchanged since inception. The first SC 248 was established by 1930 as a renumbering of SC 151 from US 29", "id": "21840646" }, { "contents": "Ridgeway, South Carolina\n\n\n). U.S. Route 21 passes through the towns, leading north to Great Falls and south to Columbia. South Carolina Highway 34 leads west to Interstate 77 and east to Lugoff. Winnsboro, the county seat, is to the northwest via SC 34. According to the United States Census Bureau, Ridgeway has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 328 people, 138 households, and 96 families residing in the town. The population density was 692.7 people per square mile", "id": "9585082" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 274\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 274 (NC 274) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects rural areas of Lincoln and Gaston counties to Gastonia. NC 274 was established in 1930 as a new primary routing, from NC 27 to U.S. Route 74 (US 74) and NC 20 (now NC 161) in Bessemer City. Around 1938, it was extended southeast to its current southern terminus at the South Carolina state line, where it continues as South Carolina Highway 274 (SC 274).", "id": "18047645" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 39\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 39 (SC 39) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects various rural communities and towns from the southwest to the northwest sections of the state. SC 39 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from the Savannah River Site to U.S. Route 221 (US 221) south of Laurens. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, traveling from SC 12, in Monetta, to SC 21, in Edgefield. In 1923, SC 39 was extended in", "id": "22043911" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 909\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 909 (SC 909) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities of northern Chester County. SC 909 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in Lowrys to SC 9 near Richburg. The route zig-zags in northern Chester County connecting small communities, and provides access to the Chester Catawba Regional Airport. Established in 1940 as a new primary routing, it originally traversed from SC 9 to US 21 in Lewis", "id": "12654301" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 79\n\n\nwhich later became a secondary road by 1948. The current SC 79 was established in 1938 as a renumbering of part of SC 38, from Bennettsville to the North Carolina state line. Between 1967 and 1970, SC 79 was rerouted and replaced SC 383 to SC 9; the old alignment became SC 385. South Carolina Highway 383 (SC 383) was established by 1937 as new primary routing from SC 9 near Bennettsville to SC 79 near Gibson, North Carolina. It was renumbered as part of SC 79 by 1970.", "id": "21700755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 213\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 213 (SC 213) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through mostly rural areas of Newberry and Fairfield counties. It also connects Jenkinsville and the Winnsboro area. SC 213 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 176 (US 176) southeast of Pomaria within Newberry County, where the roadway continues as Parr Road. It travels to the east and crosses over Crims Creek. A short distance later, the highway crosses over the Broad River, Hampton Island and some railroad", "id": "16629962" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 145 (SC 145) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect Chesterfield with central Chesterfield County and McBee. SC 145 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses , from U.S. Route 1 (US 1) near McBee, through the county seat of Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It also passes through forest and wildlife refuge areas. The entire route has been officially named the Carolinas Sandhills Parkway by the State of South Carolina. The first", "id": "21845728" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 200\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 200 (NC 200) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south from the South Carolina state line near the community of JAARS, to US 601 near Concord. NC 200 traverses , starting at the South Carolina state line, through the city of Monroe, and the towns of Stanfield and Locust, before ending at US 601 near Concord. For its length, it is a two-lane rural highway except in Monroe where it is a four-", "id": "799955" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 151\n\n\n29 (US 29)/SC 15 in Anderson, to SC 20 in Williamston. By 1930, it was renumbered as SC 248. The current SC 151 was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 35 from Darlington to the North Carolina state line. By 1952, SC 151 truncated at SC 9 in Pageland, its route north to the state line replaced by US 601. By 1958, SC 151 replaced SC 151 Alternate, bypassing Hartsville. In 1983, SC 151 was extended and bypassed east of Pageland, to its current", "id": "21952570" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 161\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 161 (SC 161) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the cities of Rock Hill, York, and Kings Mountain, North Carolina. SC 161 is a multi-lane highway, traversing from U.S. Route 21 (US 21) and Interstate 77 (I-77), through the northern part of Rock Hill and north around York, to the back entrance area of Kings Mountain State Park and Kings Mountain National Military Park, and ends at the North Carolina state line", "id": "12487686" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 403\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 403 (SC 403) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Timmonsville and the surrounding rural area with the cities of Lake City and Hartsville. SC 403 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for beginning north of Lake City, along SC 341. Going through a northeasterly direction to Hobbs Crossroads, it then goes north to Sardis. Connecting with Interstate 95 (I-95) north of Sardis, it continues north connecting with U.S. Route 76 (US", "id": "22010317" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 212\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 212 (SC 212) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Williams by connecting it with nearby highways. SC 212 is a two-lane rural highway that connects the town of Williams between SC 64 and U.S. Route 21 (US 21). Within Williams, it intersects SC 362 at its eastern terminus. Established around 1938 as a new primary routing as a spur from US 21 to Williams. In 1940, it was extended south to its current", "id": "22114289" }, { "contents": "U.S. Route 521\n\n\nknown as Camden Highway. It passes under I-20 and proceeds to Camden. It then goes on to the town of Kershaw, running concurrent with US 601. The final city it goes through before going into North Carolina is Lancaster. US 521 traverses from the South Carolina state line to Interstate 485. The entire route is a four to six-lane divided highway, split in naming between Lancaster Highway and Johnston Road. Established in 1932, it was overlapped entirely with SC 26, from Georgetown to the North Carolina state line", "id": "21139357" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 83\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 83 (NC 83) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves to connect the towns of Maxton and Clio, South Carolina. NC 83 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line and goes north to end at NC 130 in Seven Bridges. The highway is flanked by both farmland and swamps. NC 83 was established in 1937 as a new primary routing from US 501 to the South Carolina state line, where it continues as SC", "id": "5127960" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 72\n\n\nas a renumbering of SC 7; it traversed from the Georgia state line, near Calhoun Falls, to US 21 in Chester. In 1950, it was extended northeast to US 21/SC 5 in Rock Hill, which replaced part of US 21. In 1951 or 1952, its routing was adjusted west of Greenwood replacing SC 702 and leaving Old Abbeville Highway (S-1-3 and S-24-1). In 1954, SC 72 was placed on bypass south and east around Chester; its old alignment became a business", "id": "7621861" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 198\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 198 (SC 198) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the town of Blacksburg at Interstate 85 (I-85) exit 102 and the northern terminus of SC 5 with the town of Earl, North Carolina by way of North Carolina Highway 198 (NC 198). Though it physically runs north and south, internal SCDOT data and the only signage of SC 198 at the I-85 / SC 5 intersection indicates that it runs east–west. A two-lane rural", "id": "18046947" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 246\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 246 (SC 246) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects the communities and towns in eastern Greenwood County. SC 246 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses for from Friendship to Hodges; connecting the town of Ninety Six and the communities of Coronaca and Cokesbury. The highway also provides access to Star Fort Pond, at Ninety Six National Historic Site, via Kinard Road (S-24-27). Established in 1930 as a replacement for part of SC 24", "id": "21868609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 145\n\n\nSC 145 appeared in 1941 or 1942 as a new primary route from SC 644 to US 15 north of Walterboro. In 1948, it was downgraded to secondary status, known today as McLeod Road. The current SC 145 was established in 1960 as a renumbering of SC 85; little has changed since. South Carolina Highway 85 (SC 85) was established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 95, it traveled from US 1, near McBee, through Chesterfield, to the North Carolina state line. It was renumbered to", "id": "21845729" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 157\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 157 (SC 157) is a state highway in the Sandhills region of South Carolina. Though it physically runs west to east, it is signed as a north-south road. Its southern terminus at its westernmost point at SC 341 in Kershaw, Lancaster County and its northern terminus (eastern end) at SC 346 about west of Catarrh in rural Kershaw County. SC 157 begins at an intersection with Marion Street and Minor Street in eastern Kershaw. From this point, SC 341 travels west on Marion Street", "id": "17035715" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 45\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 45 (SC 45) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as the main thoroughfare in northern Berkeley County. Established as an original state highway in 1922, it traversed from SC 41 in St. Stephen to SC 31 in St. Matthews. Around 1926, SC 45 was truncated west of St. Stephen along a new alignment of SC 41 (current U.S. Route 52 or US 52). By 1931, SC 45 was extended west on new primary routing to SC 24 in", "id": "22162620" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 781\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 781 (SC 781) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It is used as part of a bypass south of Aiken, between Augusta and Williston, in conjunction with U.S. Route 278 (US 278). SC 781 is a two-lane rural connector highway between US 278 and US 78. Established in 1940 as a new primary route, it traversed from SC 28 in Beech Island east to US 78 west of Williston. In 1953, SC 781 was truncated to its", "id": "15556341" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 49\n\n\nLake Wylie. Established in 1937 as a renumbering of SC 163, it ran from U.S. Route 321 (US 321) in York to the North Carolina state line in Lake Wylie. In 1956, SC 49 was extended southwest to its current southern terminus at US 221 in Watts Mills replacing SC 91 from York to Monarch, SC 92 from Monarch to Cross Anchor, and SC 30 from Cross Anchor to Watts Mills. In 1960 or 1961, SC 49 was rerouted from Lockhart to Mount Tabor. At an unknown date,", "id": "21332808" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 914\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 914 (SC 914) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Lancaster and Springdale, via Lancaster Mill. SC 914 begins at an intersection with SC 9 Business (SC 9 Bus.; West Meeting Street) on the Lancaster–Lancaster Mill line, within Lancaster County. It travels to the southeast and immediately enters Lancaster Mill proper and curves to the south-southeast. Just after Old Landsford Road, it crosses over some railroad tracks. One block later, at", "id": "18102740" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 211\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 211 (SC 211) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway serves the rural areas of southern Cherokee and western York counties. SC 211 is a two-lane rural highway. The highway begins at SC 150, north of Pacolet in Cherokee County, going easterly along Asbury Road to Asbury, where it connects with SC 18. Splitting from SC 18 onto Gowdeysville Road, it connects with SC 105 in Saratt. Solo again, when it splits from SC 105 with", "id": "14126145" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 20 (SC 20) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects the cities of Abbeville, Belton, Williamston and Greenville. The highway is signed as a west-east highway though it physically runs south-to-north. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from the Georgia state line to SC 8 (Guess Street/Green Avenue) in Greenville; connecting McCormick, Abbeville, Due West, Honea Path, Belton, and Williamston.", "id": "19237178" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 555\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 555 (SC 555) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as an alternate route from downtown Columbia to Blythewood. SC 555 traverses from SC 12 in downtown Columbia to U.S. Route 21 (US 21) near Blythewood. Before Interstate 77 (I-77) was completed in the area, SC 555 served as a major thoroughfare; today it is an alternate route. The highway is four lanes south of I-77 and two lanes north of it. The highway was established in", "id": "3546072" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nrenumbering of SC 12, it originally ran from US 521 to the North Carolina state line in Hancock. By 1964, SC 75 was extended to its current western terminus at SC 5 in Van Wyck, replacing part of SC 504. South Carolina Highway 75 Truck (Truck SC 75) is a truck route of SC 75 bypassing Van Wyck. When SC 75 merges off from US 521 near Van Wyck, Truck SC 75 begins and follows US 521 until an interchange with SC 5. Truck Route 75 then follows SC 5", "id": "20072881" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 37\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 37 (SC 37) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It provides a direct route between Barnwell and Springfield. SC 37 is a two-lane rural highway that travels between U.S. Route 278 (US 278) and SC 39, with a connection with US 78 in Elko. SC 37 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 1, in Barnwell, to SC 27, in Williston. In 1923, SC 37 was rerouted", "id": "16526209" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 177\n\n\nRoute 176 (US 176)/SC 10 in Spartanburg to the North Carolina state line; it eventually became part of SC 9. The second appeared from 1938-1951 as a new primary routing from US 176 southeast of Pomaria to US 76/SC 2 near Ballentine. It was adjusted twice, in 1948 extending and replacing SC 664, and in 1950 shifting to meet with US 176/SC 121 split. It was eventually renumbered as an extension of US 176. South Carolina Highway 77 (SC 77) was established in 1937", "id": "21845186" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 97\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 97 (SC 97) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Camden, Great Falls, Chester, and Hickory Grove. SC 97 begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 521 (US 521)/US 601 (Broad Street) in Camden within Kershaw County, northeast of the Camden Country Club. The highway travels to the northwest and meets US 521 Truck/US 601 Truck (Boykin Road) just before leaving the city limits of Camden. It travels through rural areas of the", "id": "15954609" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 121\n\n\n, where US 21 continues north towards Fort Mill, while also connecting with SC 322. SC 121 had two previous stents in the state before its current routing was established. The first SC 121 was established in 1925 or 1926 as a new primary routing; it traversed from SC 27 in Aiken, northeast through Wagener and Pelion, to SC 2/SC 12 in Springdale. In 1928, it was renumbered as SC 215. The second SC 121 was established in 1929 or 1930 as new primary routing; it traversed from", "id": "4644891" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 901\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 901 (SC 901) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves as a slower alternate rural route to Interstate 77 (I-77) and the western bypass of Rock Hill. SC 901 begins along SC 200 near I-77. Going north, it hovers to the west and then east of I-77 and then passes through Richburg. After entering York County, it has its own interchange with I-77, then proceeds to form the western bypass of Rock Hill. It is a two-", "id": "16644755" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\n27 around 1931, it traversed from SC 65 (current SC 61) in Givhans, to US 78 east of Ridgeville. In 1940, it was rerouted north from Ridgeville to US 78 and then spur up to the Berkeley County line. In 1941 or 1942, SC 27 was extended north into Berkeley County to SC 31 (current US 176). The first SC 27 was an original state highway; established in 1922, it traversed from SC 21 in Trenton, south to Aiken, then east through Williston, Blackville", "id": "22136169" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nAvenue (on state maps, it is officially SC 19 Connector); while SC 19 southbound travels along Laurens Street/Park Avenue onto Chesterfield Street. SC 19 is an original state highway, established in 1922. Its original routing was from SC 2 in Newberry, north through Whitmire, Union, Spartanburg, Inman and Landrum, to the North Carolina state line continuing as NC 19. In 1923, it was extended south on new primary routing, through Saluda, to SC 21/SC 27 in Trenton. In 1927", "id": "16271415" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 179\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 179 (SC 179) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It travels from Little River to the North Carolina state line, near Calabash. One of the shortest state highways in the state, SC 179 starts at U.S. Route 17 (US 17) in Little River and travels to the North Carolina state line. The route continues on as NC 179, connecting the towns of Calabash, Sunset Beach, and Ocean Isle Beach. The entire route is two lanes wide with brief", "id": "6284330" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 47\n\n\nwas an original state highway (1922) that traversed from SC 40 in Green Sea, northwest through Nichols and Lake View, before entering North Carolina. By 1926 was renumbered to SC 94. SC 47 Truck in Elloree begins at Felderville Road (S-38-81) then onto Snider Street (S-38-1023); at Main Street, it goes back northwest, in concurrency with SC 6/SC 267, reuniting with SC 47 at its northern terminus. A Food Lion distribution center is located in the town, the", "id": "22136670" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 173\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 173 (SC 173) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with U.S. Route 78 (US 78). SC 173 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville northeast to US 78. The predominant features along the route are homes and forest. Established as the second SC 173 in 1940, it traversed from US 15 in Grover east to US 78 near Ridgeville; the section between Ridgeville and US 78 was", "id": "22136291" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 16\n\n\nit connected the cities and towns of Ridgeway, Winnsboro, Chester, York, and Clover. In 1927, US 21 was assigned between Columbia and Chester; the following year SC 16 was removed from that section. In 1931, the first SC 16 was decommissioned when US 321 was assigned on the remaining route. The second SC 16 appeared in 1939 as a new primary routing between SC 48 east to US 76 in Columbia. In 1940, it was extended north from US 76 to SC 12. In 1948, the", "id": "4796568" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 207\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 207 (SC 207) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It is entirely within the boundaries of Chesterfield County and serves to connect the city of Pageland, South Carolina to the city of Monroe, North Carolina via North Carolina Highway 207 (NC 207). Starting at the intersection of Elm Street and McGregor Street (U.S. Route 601 (US 601) and SC 9), it travels northwest for to the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 207 towards", "id": "5806442" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 81\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 81 (SC 81) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects rural areas of McCormick County with Greenville, via Calhoun Falls, Iva, Homeland Park, and Anderson. SC 81 begins at an intersection with SC 28 east-southeast of Lethia within McCormick County. This intersection is within Sumter National Forest and just north of SC 28's crossing of Long Cane Creek. It travels to the northwest and curves to the west-southwest and travels through Lethia. It then", "id": "18281932" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 905\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 905 (NC 905) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves as part of an alternate route between Whiteville and Conway, South Carolina, through southeastern Columbus County. NC 905 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina line and South Carolina Highway 905 (SC 905) in Olyphic. Traveling north, it connects with NC 904 in Pireway. After its concurrency with NC 904, it continues solo for , connecting the communities of Bug Hill and", "id": "14981023" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nCarolina state line, near Earl. South Carolina reciprocate in 1930 with the establishment of SC 111 from the state line to Gaffney, which was later renumbered SC 18 in 1937. In 1929, NC 18 was extended north, replacing NC 67, through Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro, to US 21/NC 26 in Sparta. Also in 1929, NC 18 was rerouted south of Morganton going through the Sunnyside community and leaving behind Enola and Enola Road (SR 1922). In 1930, NC 18 was extended northeast along new", "id": "12715101" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 165\n\n\nit curves to the northwest to meet its northern terminus, and intersection with US 17 Alternate (N. Main Street) and Berkeley Circle. Established in 1939 as a new primary highway, SC 165 originally traversed from its current southern terminus to US 17 in Ravenel. This section has remained relatively unchanged; with an exception in Hollywood, where it was realigned in the 1980s, removing a concurrency with SC 162 and leaving Town Council Road. Around 1952, SC 165 was extended north on mostly new construction to Cooks Crossroads, where", "id": "6640073" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 19 (SC 19) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It connects Aiken directly with the Savannah River Site and Edgefield via U.S. Route 25 (US 25). SC 19 operates as arterial four-lane highway from Aiken to the Savannah River Site; to its north, it is a two-lane rural highway to Trenton, where it connects with US 25 and SC 121. In Aiken's downtown area, SC 19 is signed, northbound along Chesterfield Street and Richland", "id": "16271414" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nover SC 200, and quickly SC 9 Business is out of downtown on E. Arch St. A half mile after crossing over SC 200, SC 9 Business ends at SC 9 Bypass. Other than Spartanburg, the City of Lancaster is the largest urban area SC 9 runs through before reaching the North Myrtle Beach area. Like all the numbered highways in Chester, SC 9 Business goes straight through downtown, and the bypass route makes a half-moon path around Chester. SC 9 Business shares a brief concurrency with US 321 Business", "id": "5557121" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 20\n\n\n), replacing US 29 Business (US 29 Bus.). In 2000, SC 20 was extended to its current northern terminus at Falls Park Drive (formerly Camperdown Way) just shy of US 123, replacing part of US 25 Bus. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn.) is a connector route, in concurrency with SC 28 Conn. It connects SC 20 with SC 28, north of Abbeville. The route is unsigned its entire length. South Carolina Highway 20 Connector (SC 20 Conn) is a", "id": "19237181" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 75\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 75 (NC 75) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Its entire length runs through Union County and serves as the primary connector between the towns of Waxhaw, Mineral Springs, and Monroe. The route roughly parallels a CSX railroad line for its entire span. NC 75 starts at the North Carolina-South Carolina state line, near Hancock, South Carolina. In South Carolina, it continues as SC 75 for to SC 5, in Van Wyck. Heading east from the", "id": "5127428" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 137\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 137 (SC 137) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Norris with rural areas of Pickens, via Six Mile. SC 135 begins at an intersection with SC 93 (Norris Drive) in Norris, within Pickens County, where the roadway continues as East Jamison Street. It travels to the northwest and crosses over Twelve Mile Creek just north of Cateechee. In Six Mile, the highway intersects SC 133 (South Main Street). The two highways travel concurrently until", "id": "16201660" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 59\n\n\n24. The road heads on its northeast trajectory until it meets its northern terminus, an intersection with U.S. Route 76 (US 76), US 123, SC 28 in Seneca. Established in 1942 as a renumbering of SC 181 and part of SC 182, SC 59 traversed from the Georgia state line to Fair Play, then north to Seneca ending at US 76/SC 13/SC 28. By 1963, SC 59 was truncated at I-85 due to Lake Hartwell submerging the route to Georgia. The portion south of", "id": "4730382" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 742\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 742 (NC 742) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It connects the city of Wadesboro with the towns of Oakboro and Chesterfield, South Carolina. NC 742 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, where continuing south on South Carolina Highway 742 (SC 742) would lead to Chesterfield. In Wadesboro, it first runs concurrent with NC 109 before going through the downtown area. At the intersection of Caswell and Greene Streets,", "id": "4827585" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 68\n\n\n-lane configuration about north of the I-95 junction. Passing underneath I-95, SC 68 returns to a two-lane configuration as it enters Yemassee before terminating at an intersection with US 17 Alternate and US 21. Established in 1967 as a renumbering of SC 28, it has remained unchanged since. Prior to the current routing, SC 68 had two previous incarnations: In 1937-38 from Clio to the North Carolina state line (renumbered as SC 83), and in 1938-47 as a short highway spur from US", "id": "6817262" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 216\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The highway runs north–south, from the South Carolina state line to NC 274 near the unincorporated community of Tryon. NC 216 is a two-lane rural highway that begins at the South Carolina state line, from Kings Mountain National Military Park; the road continues south towards the park as South Carolina Highway 216 (SC 216). Going north, it crosses over Interstate 85 then has a short overlap with", "id": "21201754" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 51\n\n\nroad that starts at US 21 near Fort Mill and ends at the North Carolina state line, where it continues on as NC 51 through Pineville. The route is entirely two-lane, expanding to four lanes at the state line. Established as a new primary routing in 1926; the original routing ran from SC 40 (today as US 701) along Choppee Road (today as S-22-4) and Hemingway Highway (today as SC 261) to Hemingway then onto Florence, ending at SC 41 (today as US", "id": "9677788" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 18\n\n\nNorth Carolina Highway 18 (NC 18) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Traveling north–south through the Foothills region, it connects the cities of Shelby, Morganton, Lenoir, Wilkesboro and North Wilkesboro. NC 18 is a predominantly two-lane rural highway that travels in western North Carolina. Starting as a continuation of SC 18, at the South Carolina state line near Earl, NC 18 travels north into Shelby, where it overlaps with NC 150 and crosses US 74/NC 226", "id": "12715094" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 93\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 93 (abbreviated S.C. Highway 93 or SC 93) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It runs from U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and SC 28 in Clemson northeast to US 123 in Easley. The highway begins at an interchange with the US 76/SC 28 concurrency and Old Greenville Highway east of downtown Clemson. West of this point, Old Greenville Highway passes through downtown Clemson and the campus of Clemson University and is signed as SC 93 though it is not officially", "id": "22146588" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 27\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 27 (SC 27) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the town of Ridgeville with nearby highways. SC 27 is a two-lane rural highway that connect the town of Ridgeville south to the unincorporated community of Givhans to its south and highways U.S. Route 78 (US 78), Interstate 26 (I-26), and US 176 to its north. The predominant features along the route is farmland mixed with forest and swamps. Established as the second SC", "id": "22136168" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 48\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 48 (SC 48) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves southern Richland County and access to the Congaree National Park. SC 48 begins in downtown Columbia along Assembly Street. It traverses west, passing alongside the South Carolina State House and the University of South Carolina, before turning onto Rosewood Drive and then onto Bluff Road. After leaving the Columbia city limits, it continues through southeastern Richland County as a two-lane rural highway to U.S. Route 601 (US 601", "id": "12287717" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 310\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 310 (SC 310) is an long state highway in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a south-north orientation from Holly Hill north to Vance, and then northwest to its northern terminus, completely within Orangeburg County. SC 310 begins at an intersection with US 176 in Holly Hill. The route heads north to an intersection with SC 45, north of the city. The road continues north into the city of Vance, where it intersects SC 210. After", "id": "4731054" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 57\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 57 (SC 57) is a state highway in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a southeast-northwest orientation from the unincorporated community of Fork northwest through Dillon to Little Rock and then curves northeasterly to the North Carolina state line, north of Little Rock, all completely within Dillon County. SC 57 begins at an intersection with SC 41 and SC 41 Alternate in Fork. The route heads northeast through the town of Floydale until it enters Dillon. In town,", "id": "4796454" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 9\n\n\nthe beachfront. Established in 1922 as an original state highway, it traversed from SC 23 in Dillon, west to SC 10, in Enoree. By 1926, SC 9 was extended east to Lake View, then replacing SC 47 to Green Sea, then southeast on new primary routing to Little River. On its northern end, SC 9 rerouted from Kelly to SC 19, near Spartanburg, replacing SC 92. The route from Kelly to Enoree was renumbered SC 92. In 1927, SC 9 was rerouted between Pageland to", "id": "5557113" }, { "contents": "North Carolina Highway 38\n\n\nconnected with the newly renumbered SC 38. NC 38 has not changed since. North Carolina Highway 771 (NC 771) first appeared as a new primary routing in 1930, traveling from US 311/NC 77, east of Winston-Salem, to US 421/NC 60, in Kernersville. In 1936, NC 771 was replaced by an extension of NC 150. The second NC 771 was established as new primary routing in 1936, from Hamlet to the South Carolina state line, where it continued as SC 96.", "id": "20812160" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\n72 via Central Avenue, Park Street and Glenn Street. SC 66 was established in 1934 as a new primary routing, traversing from SC 56 to US 76/SC 2 in Goldville (now Joanna). In 1941 or 1942, a second SC 66 was created, from SC 706 in Eisons Crossroads to the Newberry-Laurens county line. In 1948, the two sections of SC 66 were connected, and was also extended east into Whitmire replacing part of SC 706. South Carolina Highway 706 (SC 706) was", "id": "15134091" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 513\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 513 (SC 513) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels through rural areas of Georgetown County. SC 513 begins at an intersection with SC 41/SC 51 (County Line Road) south-southwest of Hopewell, on the Williamsburg–Georgetown county line. It travels to the north-northeast, on the county line, and nearly immediately intersects the eastern terminus of SC 512 (Henry Road). The highway turns right onto Pleasant Hill Drive and travels to", "id": "17729308" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 66\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 66 (SC 66) is a primary state highway in the state of South Carolina. It serves to connect the community of Joanna with nearby SC 56 and the town of Whitmire. SC 66 is a two-lane rural highway that travels from SC 56 to SC 72 in Whitmire. It connects to U.S. Route 76 (US 76) and Interstate 26 (I-26). Predominantly in the Sumter National Forest, it meanders through forest lands; in Whitmire, it takes a couple of turns before reaching SC", "id": "15134090" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 60\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 60 (SC 60) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Irmo, connecting nearby Lake Murray and Harbison State Forest. SC 60 is a mostly four-lane with median suburban highway that travels from SC 6 to U.S. Route 176 (US 176), with an interchange with Interstate 26 (I-26)/US 76. SC 60 was established in 1929 as a new primary routing. The route has remained unchanged since inception, though its eastern endpoint was originally US", "id": "22092019" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 64\n\n\nSouth Carolina Highway 64 (SC 64) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the cities of Barnwell and Walterboro while also providing a direct route to Charleston, via U.S. Route 17 (US 17). SC 64 was established around 1926 as a new primary routing from SC 28 near Ellenton, to SC 6/SC 301 near Ruffin. In 1928, SC 64 was extended east to US 17 in Walterboro, replacing part of SC 6. Around 1930, SC 64 was extended", "id": "22114149" }, { "contents": "South Carolina Highway 19\n\n\n, US 176 was assigned to SC 19 from Newberry to the North Carolina state line; the following year it was removed from the overlap. Also in 1928, SC 19 was extended south, replacing part of SC 27 to US 1/US 78 in Aiken. In 1929 or 1930, SC 19 was extended south (again) to SC 28 north of Ellenton. Around 1952, the Savannah River Site was established; which removed of highway in what is now a restricted area. By 1955, SC 19 was widened", "id": "16271416" } ]

[ { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nMaxwell White Hunter II (March 11, 1922 – November 10, 2001) was a prominent American aerospace engineer. He worked on the design of the Douglas B-42 and Douglas B-43 bombers, the Honest John, Nike-Ajax, and Nike-Zeus missiles, the Thor IRBM, and on parts of the Strategic Defense Initiative. In later years he worked on space-launch vehicles and was a proponent of Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) designs. He was honored in 1995 by the National Space Society", "id": "13829898" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvariety of projects including parts of the mammoth Strategic Defense Initiative. SDI gave him a chance at realizing a dream he had nurtured since the 1960s: the construction of a Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle. In 1984, Hunter proposed a vehicle he called the X-rocket, based on those earlier SSTO designs. The design was reviewed by LMSC's Astronautics Division (AD), which judged it worth pursuing, and by its Missile Systems Division (MSD), which did not. LMSC then", "id": "13829902" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\npayloads into Earth orbit today. After working for Douglas Aircraft from 1944 to 1961, Hunter joined the staff of the National Aeronautics and Space Council, a group that advised the U.S. president on space policy. Following several years in that position, he went back to the aerospace industry in 1965, spending over two decades with Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (LMSC). (LMSC was a division of Lockheed Corporation, which merged with Martin Marietta in 1995 to become Lockheed-Martin.) At LMSC, Hunter worked on a", "id": "13829901" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nspace systems. In this position he oversaw the production of military missiles including the Honest John artillery rocket, the Nike antiaircraft missile, and the Sparrow air-to-air missile. Douglas Aircraft began work on the Thor, an early Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM), in late 1955 and put Hunter in charge of that program. He assembled a small team of crack designers and brought the development to success in a short time. Thor became the basis of the McDonnell Douglas Delta rocket, whose descendants are still boosting", "id": "13829900" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nand High Frontier convinced SDI management and other national officials that a study should be initiated to determine once and for all the feasibility of SSTO vehicles for military missions. This led to a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) program to design a single-stage vehicle that could replace military satellites on short notice during a national emergency. This vehicle was known as the Delta Clipper. McDonnell Douglas Corporation was contracted to build and test fly a one-third-scale, suborbital testbed called the DC-X, or Delta Clipper", "id": "13829904" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvehicle tipped over at landing. Funding to make repairs and continue flight tests was not made available. Max Hunter continued to advise on space policy issues and advocate the building of SSTO vehicles for airline-like access to space, a goal he was sure could be attained. He chaired the Rules Committee for the Ansari X Prize, announced in 1996, a $10 million prize for the first reusable craft to reach space twice within two weeks without substantial refit. In October 2000, he agreed to serve as Chairman of the", "id": "13829906" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nExperimental. While not capable of spaceflight, the DC-X incorporated many of the technologies needed for an SSTO vehicle, including highly automated systems enabling a quick turnaround (just twenty-six hours) between launches. It made eight successful test flights between August 18, 1993, and July 7, 1995, and then was taken over by NASA and flown four times as the DC-XA between May 18 and July 31, 1996. It was damaged on its last flight when one landing strut failed to deploy and the", "id": "13829905" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nfor lifelong contributions to the technology of spaceflight. Maxwell Hunter was born in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania and graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in that state with a degree in physics and mathematics. In 1944, he earned a Master's Degree in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). After earning his MS from MIT, Hunter went to work for the Douglas Aircraft Company. He became their chief designer in aeronautics, working on modifications of the B-42 and B-43 bombers. Later he was promoted to chief engineer for", "id": "13829899" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\ndeclined to support further work on the X-rocket, and Hunter retired. As an independent consultant, he renamed the concept SSX (for Space Ship Experimental), and began to refine it. In December 1988 the ad hoc Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy was briefed on the concept by Hunter and others. The general concept was endorsed by the Council and by High Frontier, Inc., a Washington-based group headed by Lt. Gen. Daniel O. Graham that lobbied for SDI programs. Working together, Hunter", "id": "13829903" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nAdvisory Board for the Undersea Hotel Project of the Cala Corporation. He died at Stanford Hospital, Stanford, California on the evening of November 10, 2001 after a lingering illness. Max Hunter was Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Beta Pi, and a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), the American Astronautical Society (AAS), and the British Interplanetary Society (BIS). He was also a member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) and an honorary member of the Japanese Rocket Society", "id": "13829907" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nThe DC-X, short for Delta Clipper or Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed prototype of a reusable single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle built by McDonnell Douglas in conjunction with the United States Department of Defense's Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) from 1991 to 1993. Starting 1994 until 1995, testing continued through funding of the US civil space agency NASA. In 1996, the DC-X technology was completely transferred to NASA, which upgraded the design for improved performance to create the DC-XA", "id": "15420672" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nvehicles was prepared by Chrysler Corporation's Space Division in 1970–1971 under NASA contract NAS8-26341. Their proposal (Shuttle SERV) was an enormous vehicle with more than of payload, utilizing jet engines for (vertical) landing. While the technical problems seemed to be solvable, the USAF required a winged design that led to the Shuttle as we know it today. The uncrewed DC-X technology demonstrator, originally developed by McDonnell Douglas for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program office, was an attempt to build a vehicle", "id": "10328910" }, { "contents": "David Urie\n\n\nsystem before initiating and heading the Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) and X-33 Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Programs at Lockheed. Urie's work as the program manager for the previously classified Have Region project demonstrated that rocket-powered single-stage-to-orbit vehicles were technically feasible, which led to the Lockheed Martin SSTO design approach. As a Director of the Lockheed-Martin Skunk Works SSTO/RLV Advanced Technology Demonstration Program, Urie conceived and developed the aerospike rocket propelled lifting body that was selected by NASA as", "id": "20876395" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nearly stages of flight; and flight within Earth's atmosphere, which limits speed in the early stages of flight and influences engine performance. Additionally, the retirement of NASA's Shuttle launch vehicle has resulted in a substantial reduction in the cost to launch a kilogram of payload to either low Earth orbit or the International Space Station, removing the main projected advantage of the SSTO concept. Notable single stage to orbit concepts include Skylon, the DC-X, the Lockheed Martin X-33, and the Roton SSTO. However, despite showing", "id": "10328885" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nThe Lockheed Martin X-33 was an uncrewed, sub-scale technology demonstrator suborbital spaceplane developed in the 1990s under the U.S. government-funded Space Launch Initiative program. The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for the VentureStar orbital spaceplane, which was planned to be a next-generation, commercially operated reusable launch vehicle. The X-33 would flight-test a range of technologies that NASA believed it needed for single-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicles (SSTO RLVs), such as metallic thermal protection systems, composite cryogenic fuel tanks", "id": "9997267" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n. During the 1960s some of the first concept designs for this kind of craft began to emerge. One of the earliest SSTO concepts was the expendable One stage Orbital Space Truck (OOST) proposed by Philip Bono, an engineer for Douglas Aircraft Company. A reusable version named ROOST was also proposed. Another early SSTO concept was a reusable launch vehicle named NEXUS which was proposed by Krafft Arnold Ehricke in the early 1960s. It was one of the largest spacecraft ever conceptualized with a diameter of over 50 metres and the capability to", "id": "10328887" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n. According to writer Jerry Pournelle: \"DC-X was conceived in my living room and sold to National Space Council Chairman Dan Quayle by General Graham, Max Hunter and me.\" According to Max Hunter, however, he had tried hard to convince Lockheed Martin of the concept's value for several years before he retired. Hunter had written a paper in 1985 entitled \"The Opportunity\", detailing the concept of a Single-Stage-To-Orbit spacecraft built with low-cost \"off-the-shelf", "id": "15420673" }, { "contents": "Rob Meyerson\n\n\nInitiative contract with NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. Meyerson launched his career as an aerospace engineer at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) from 1985 to 1997 working on human spaceflight systems, including the aerodynamic design of the Space Shuttle orbiter drag parachute, as well as the overall design, integration, and flight test of a gliding parachute for the X-38 Crew Rescue Vehicle, a crew return vehicle designed to return astronauts to earth from the International Space Station. Meyerson began with NASA in 1985 as a cooperative education student at JSC", "id": "8603673" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nfor the X-33 was selected over competing concepts from Boeing and McDonnell Douglas. Boeing proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design, and McDonnell Douglas proposed a design based on its vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL) DC-XA test vehicle. The uncrewed X-33 was slated to fly 15 suborbital hops to near 75.8 km altitude. It was to be launched upright like a rocket and rather than having a straight flight path it would fly diagonally up for half the flight, reaching extremely high altitudes, and then for the rest of the", "id": "9997274" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nThe methodologies were later adopted as a standard by the Air Transport Association. He later joined the Thor missile project as the chief design engineer, and this introduced him to the world of space launchers. With new upper stages, Thor became the Delta, one of the most-used launchers in the 1960s. In spite of Thor's success, Hunter was dissatisfied with the state of the launcher market and later wrote that \"by the end of 1963 the state of recoverable rockets was terrible.\" He was convinced that as", "id": "7750830" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nit the DC-X for Delta Clipper Experimental. The name honored the firm's successful Thor/Delta rocket and recalled the famous 19th-century commercial clipper ships. The McDonnell Douglas SSTO team saw the Delta Clipper as opening the \"space trade routes in the same way that the Yankee Clipper ships opened the sea trade routes.\" The needs of the commercial launch industry thus were integral to the thinking of the McDonnell Douglas DC-X team. General Graham envisioned the DC-X as the perfect inexpensive launch and delivery", "id": "5770549" }, { "contents": "George Huebner\n\n\nproduce intercontinental ballistic missiles. Huebner was named executive engineer in charge of Chrysler's Missile Branch. At the time he was serving as executive engineer of research for Chrysler in their automotive division. He developed a complete research and development missile facility that included engineering, testing, and production of the Redstone rocket. These rockets ultimately launched into orbit the first U.S. satellites and the first manned space flights. Huebner worked closely with Wernher von Braun on the space program. For two years he worked on this rocket project and then went back", "id": "15004097" }, { "contents": "Reusable launch system\n\n\nthe McDonnell Douglas Delta Clipper VTOL SSTO proposal progressed to the testing phase. The DC-X prototype demonstrated rapid turnaround time and automatic computer control. In mid-1990, British research evolved an earlier HOTOL design into the far more promising Skylon design, which remains in development. From the commercial side, Rocketplane Kistler and Rotary Rocket attempted to build reusable privately developed rockets before going bankrupt. NASA proposed risky reusable concepts to replace the Shuttle technology, to be demonstrated under the X-33 and X-34 programs, which were both cancelled in the early", "id": "19421229" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\na number of SSTO advocates to reconsider hydrogen as a satisfactory fuel. The late Max Hunter, while employing hydrogen fuel in the DC-X, often said that he thought the first successful orbital SSTO would more likely be fueled by propane. Some SSTO concepts use the same engine for all altitudes, which is a problem for traditional engines with a bell-shaped nozzle. Depending on the atmospheric pressure, different bell shapes are optimal. Engines operating in the lower atmosphere have shorter bells than those designed to work in vacuum.", "id": "10328899" }, { "contents": "George Mueller (NASA)\n\n\ndesigns ranged from 'simple' concepts like Martin Marietta's six person reusable craft similar to the Dyna-Soar (launched by a Titan III-M), to partially reusable concepts like Lockheed's Star Clipper or Tip Tank from McDonnell Douglas, to fully reusable two-stage vehicles like the one proposed by General Dynamics. Following this symposium Mueller continued to champion a \"space shuttle\". He did not invent the term, but he made it his own. He was also a keen proponent of space stations and was", "id": "16249187" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nIn October 2000, Beal Aerospace ceased operations citing a decision by NASA and the Department of Defense to commit themselves to the development of the competing government-financed EELV program. In 1998 Rotary Rocket proposed the Roton, a Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) piloted Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) space transport. A full scale Roton Atmospheric Test Vehicle flew three times in 1999. After spending tens of millions of dollars in development the Roton failed to secure launch contracts and Rotary Rocket ceased operations in 2001. On", "id": "288621" }, { "contents": "List of human spaceflight programs\n\n\ncommissioned by the Russian Aerospace Agency since 1993. The Kankoh-maru (観光丸? Kankōmaru) is the name of a proposed vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL), single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), reusable launch system (rocket-powered spacecraft). The Ansari X Prize was a space competition in which the X Prize Foundation offered a US$10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable crewed spacecraft into space twice within two weeks. Twenty-six teams from around the world", "id": "19978394" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nby 2016, and some space ventures have had to turn away investor funding. After earlier first effort of OTRAG, in the 1990s the projection of a significant demand for communications satellite launches attracted the development of a number of commercial space launch providers. The launch demand largely vanished when some of the largest satellite constellations, such as 288 satellite Teledesic network, were never built. In 1996 NASA selected Lockheed Martin Skunk Works to build the X-33 VentureStar prototype for a single stage to orbit (SSTO) reusable launch vehicle. In 1999", "id": "288619" }, { "contents": "James Smith McDonnell\n\n\nMcDonnell Aircraft Corporation in 1939. Headquartered in St. Louis, the company quickly grew into a principal supplier of fighter aircraft to the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy, including the F-4 Phantom II fighter and the Mercury and Gemini space capsules. In 1967, McDonnell Aircraft merged with the Douglas Aircraft Company to create McDonnell Douglas. Later that year Douglas Aircraft Company's space and missiles division became part of a new subsidiary called McDonnell Douglas Astronautics, located in Huntington Beach, California, producing the Delta series of launch vehicles. The new", "id": "21028393" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\ndeath, the first launch vehicle based on his designs, the McDonnell Douglas DC-X (Delta Clipper) began a largely successful series of test flights. The DC-X was a vertical-takeoff and vertical landing vehicle. The series of test flights began on 18 August 1993 and continued until the upgraded version of the launch vehicle (renamed the DC-XA) tipped over on landing on July 31, 1996. Among Bono's visionary designs was a 1960 Boeing design for a manned Mars spacecraft capable of carrying a", "id": "3522773" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\neight Block II satellites for flights on the new Delta II expendable Medium Launch Vehicle in lieu of the Space Shuttle. Space Division awarded the Medium Launch Vehicle (MLV) contract to McDonnell-Douglas Astronautics Company on 21 January 1987. However, unlike earlier commercial arrangements, the company would no longer be under contract to NASA. Under the new Commercial Expendable Launch Vehicle program encouraged by president Ronald Reagan since 1983, McDonnell-Douglas would be responsible for producing, marketing and launching its commercial Delta IIs. The Air Force would be", "id": "19923501" }, { "contents": "Mel Hunter\n\n\nfor the years 1960-1962. As Hunter's science fiction career blossomed, so did his technical and scientific illustrations. Hunter's love of air and space took him from California's desert runways to Florida's seacoast launchpads to illustrate every variety of jet-age aircraft and space-age rocket imaginable—from X-15 to Saturn V. One of Hunter's best-known books is \"The Missilemen\", a photo illustrated work published in 1960 by Doubleday. Hunter visited U.S. rocket and missile sites during the late 1950s; he", "id": "20560131" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\na single-stage-to-orbit vehicle. Five companies expressed interest and proposed concepts. Three (LM, Rockwell and McDonnell Douglas) were selected for workup into more detailed proposals. Rockwell proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design. It would have used one Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) and two RL-10-5A engines. In a subsequent full-scale system to reach orbit Rockwell planned to use six Rocketdyne RS-2100 engines. McDonnell Douglas featured a design using liquid oxygen/hydrogen bell engines based on its vertical takeoff", "id": "9997282" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\nresearch ways to make more efficient use of the wing surface during high-speed maneuvers. The Directorate is also a collaborator with DARPA, the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Sandia National Laboratories and AFRL's Space Vehicles Directorate on the FALCON program, which includes the HTV-3X Blackswift hypersonic flight demonstration vehicle. The Air Vehicles Directorate also collaborated with NASA and Boeing on the initial work for the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle and the 80% scaled version, X-40A Space Maneuver Vehicle, prior to the classification of the program and", "id": "1842734" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nparts for re-use. After landing the vehicle would be refit, mated with another tank, and be ready for another mission. Hunter moved to Lockheed in the fall of 1965. On his first day he was asked if there was anything Lockheed should be looking at, and he immediately suggested development of his stage-and-a-half design. His suggestions caught the ear of Eugene Root, president of Lockheed Missiles and Space, who gave him the go-ahead to study what became known as the Star", "id": "7750834" }, { "contents": "PGM-17 Thor\n\n\ndeployment as a missile a few years after deployment, the Thor rocket found widespread use as a space launch vehicle. It was the first in a large family of space launch vehicles—the Delta rockets. The last remaining descendant of the Thor, the Delta II, was retired in 2018, and the Delta IV is based on entirely new technology, unlike the Delta II. see Project Emily Stations and Squadrons Family: Thor IRBM, Thor DM-18 (single stage LV); Thor DM-19 (rocket 1st stage), Thor", "id": "15220989" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthree of its four landing pads deployed, which caused it to tip over on its side and explode. The project has not been continued since. From 1999 to 2001 Rotary Rocket attempted to build a SSTO vehicle called the Roton. It received a large amount of media attention and a working sub-scale prototype was completed, but the design was largely impractical. There have been various approaches to SSTO, including pure rockets that are launched and land vertically, air-breathing scramjet-powered vehicles that are launched and land horizontally", "id": "10328891" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\n. The facilities for testing rockets are frequently used for testing new rocket engines including the RS-68 rocket engine developed for use on the Delta IV launch vehicle. The space propulsion area also develops technologies for use in satellites on-orbit to alter their orbits. An AFRL-developed experimental Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) arcjet was flown on the ARGOS satellite in 1999 as part of the Air Force Space Test Program. The Directorate currently manages the X-51A program, which is developing a scramjet demonstration vehicle. The X-51 program is working", "id": "1842749" }, { "contents": "Laurel van der Wal\n\n\nhonors. Her graduate education was funded in part by a National Research Council fellowship to study aeronautics in Stockholm, Sweden. As a young engineer van der Wal worked at Douglas Aircraft as a data analyst on the Nike missile program, and later designing missile systems for the Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation. Starting in 1958, she was the project engineer on three MIA (Mouse-in-Able) launches from Cape Canaveral, as head of bioastronautics at Space Technology Laboratories. She was named the \"Los Angeles Times\"'s \"", "id": "12236594" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nThe National Launch System (or New Launch System) was a study authorized in 1991 by President George H. W. Bush to outline alternatives to the Space Shuttle for access to Earth orbit. Shortly thereafter, NASA asked Lockheed Missiles and Space, McDonnell Douglas, and TRW to perform a ten-month study. A series of launch vehicles was proposed, based around the proposed Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) liquid-fuel rocket engine. The STME was to be a simplified, expendable version of the Space Shuttle main engine (", "id": "11086741" }, { "contents": "Michael R. Clifford\n\n\nfrom the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and was designated an experimental test pilot. In December 1995, Clifford retired from the army. As a military officer, Clifford was assigned to the Johnson Space Center in July 1987. As a Space Shuttle Vehicle Integration engineer, his duties involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle Program. He was involved in design certification and integration of the Shuttle Crew Escape System, and was an executive board member of the Solid Rocket Booster Postflight Assessment Team. Selected as an astronaut", "id": "18151051" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n. In the Shuttle development effort he led a team working on vehicle aerodynamics and the main engines, which included developing full-scale component tests and scaling methodologies, and applying computational fluid dynamics to overcome a wide range of aerothermochemistry problems. He was Chief of the Aerophysics Division at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center until 1992, when he became Chief Aerodynamicist at the NASA Center. He was awarded the AIAA Aerodynamics Award in 1997 for his exceptional lifetime contributions to the aerodynamic design and analysis of strategic missiles and manned/unmanned launch", "id": "21371187" }, { "contents": "Robert A. Heinlein\n\n\noften in his fiction, as do fictitious strikable self-lighting cigarettes. In 1980 Robert Heinlein was a member of the Citizens Advisory Council on National Space Policy, chaired by Jerry Pournelle, which met at the home of SF writer Larry Niven to write space policy papers for the incoming Reagan Administration. Members included such aerospace industry leaders as former astronaut Buzz Aldrin, General Daniel O. Graham, aerospace engineer Max Hunter and North American Rockwell VP for Space Shuttle development George Merrick. Policy recommendations from the Council included ballistic missile defense concepts", "id": "5599733" }, { "contents": "Wernher von Braun\n\n\nUnited States, along with about 1,600 other German scientists, engineers, and technicians, as part of Operation Paperclip. He worked for the United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) program, and he developed the rockets that launched the United States' first space satellite Explorer 1. His group was assimilated into NASA, where he served as director of the newly formed Marshall Space Flight Center and as the chief architect of the Saturn V super heavy-lift launch vehicle that propelled the Apollo spacecraft to the", "id": "15033628" }, { "contents": "Jarvis (rocket)\n\n\nJarvis was a proposed American medium-lift launch vehicle for space launch, designed by Hughes Aircraft and Boeing during the mid-1980s as part of the joint United States Air Force (USAF)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Launch System (ALS) study. Intended to utilize engines and tooling in storage from the Saturn V rocket program along with Space Shuttle components, and projected to be capable of carrying up to six satellites into multiple orbits using a single launch (e.g. GPS constellation), the proposal failed to meet the ALS", "id": "15822979" }, { "contents": "Robert F. Overmyer\n\n\nMarch 1988, he joined the Space Station Team at McDonnell Douglas Aerospace, where he led crew and operations activities for seven years. He retired from McDonnell Douglas in April 1995 and expanded the scope of Mach Twenty Five International, continuing his aerospace consultation work as well as speaking engagements and writing. Overmyer continued his career as a general aviation test pilot. Having former experience with aeronautical testing at both U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School and NASA, he joined Minnesota-based aircraft manufacturer Cirrus Design (now called Cirrus Aircraft) as", "id": "19963429" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n, nuclear-powered vehicles, and even jet-engine-powered vehicles that can fly into orbit and return landing like an airliner, completely intact. For rocket-powered SSTO, the main challenge is achieving a high enough mass-ratio to carry sufficient propellant to achieve orbit, plus a meaningful payload weight. One possibility is to give the rocket an initial speed with a space gun, as planned in the Quicklaunch project. For air-breathing SSTO, the main challenge is system complexity and associated research and development costs", "id": "10328892" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfuel for increasing efficiency once in space. Further examples of Bono's early concepts (prior to the 1990s) which were never constructed include: Around 1985 the NASP project was intended to launch a scramjet vehicle into orbit, but funding was stopped and the project cancelled. At around the same time, the HOTOL tried to use precooled jet engine technology, but failed to show significant advantages over rocket technology. The DC-X, short for Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed one-third scale vertical takeoff and landing demonstrator", "id": "10328889" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nShuttle design. The detailed study of the cost advantages of the drop tank design demonstrated a dramatic reduction in development risk, and as a result, development costs. When funding for STS development was cut, the drop tank was taken up as a way to meet the developmental budgets, leading to the semi-reusable Space Shuttle design. Maxwell Hunter was working at Douglas Aircraft where he formalized the calculation of aircraft operation economics. His methodologies were first published in 1940, and were later applied to the Douglas DC-6 and DC-7.", "id": "7750829" }, { "contents": "Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle\n\n\nThe Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle, designed for NASA's Project Mercury, was the first American crewed space booster. It was used for six sub-orbital Mercury flights from 1960–61; culminating with the launch of the first, and 11 weeks later, the second American (and the second and third humans) in space. The four subsequent Mercury human spaceflights used the more powerful Atlas booster to enter low Earth orbit. A member of the Redstone rocket family, it was derived from the U.S. Army's Redstone ballistic missile and", "id": "11828011" }, { "contents": "British Aerospace HOTOL\n\n\nspace launch system. In 1982, British Aerospace (BAe), which was Europe's principal satellite-builder, began studying a prospective new launch system with the aim of providing launch costs that were 20 per cent of the American Space Shuttle operated by NASA. BAe became aware of work by British engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce on a suitable engine, and soon conceived of an unmanned, fully reuseable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) winged spaceplane as a launch vehicle. Thus, the project had soon became", "id": "14493503" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\nrole in the civilian NASA Project Mercury, Project Gemini and Project Apollo manned space programs along with military Space Shuttle flights. The mission of the unit today is performed by the 45th Space Wing (no direct lineage). Activated in December 1950, replacing 550th Guided Missiles Wing. the 6555th had a distinguished career launching and/or managing ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and payloads for the Ballistic Systems Division, the Space Systems Division and the Space & Missile Systems Organization. As a Wing or a Group, the 6555th earned ten Air", "id": "19923442" }, { "contents": "William H. Dana\n\n\ncontributions to the lifting body program, Dana received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal. In 1976 he received the Haley Space Flight Award from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) for his research work on the M2-F3 lifting body control systems. A member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Dana is the author of several technical papers. In 1993, he was inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Honor. During the X-15 program, eight pilots flew above 264,000 feet or 50 miles, thereby qualifying as astronauts according to", "id": "8766846" }, { "contents": "USAF Hunter-Killer\n\n\nHunter-Killer is an unofficial project name based upon an \"Aviation Week & Space Technology\" article. The U.S. Air Force's Hunter-Killer program was a tactical unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV) procurement program. The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, a variant of the MQ-1 Predator won the project and was deployed in Afghanistan. This is the U.S. Air Force program for which several companies have developed vehicles. Although the J-UCAS concept is a long way from the early idea of a \"reusable cruise missile\",", "id": "18825446" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nlong as launchers were thrown away, access to space would never be affordable. Several companies had already completed early feasibility studies of fully reusable spacecraft, like the Martin Marietta Astrorocket and Douglas Astro. The designs used two flyback stages, one of which flew back to the launch point, while the other flew into orbit and landed after its mission. Hunter thought that any such design was tantamount to making two aircraft to do the job of one, and it was only the upper stage that was of any real use. By", "id": "7750831" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\ndirector of the CIA under Director William Colby and from 1974–1976 he was the director of the DIA. Ronald Reagan called upon General Graham to be his military advisor for his 1976 and 1980 campaigns. General Graham is a member of the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame. In later years, Graham devoted a lot of time to the research and development of Single-Stage To Orbit (SSTO) spacecraft in conjunction with NASA. McDonnell Douglas was awarded a contract to build an SSTO test vehicle on August 16, 1991, and named", "id": "5770548" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nBased on its experience working with Minuteman assets, Space Vector was tasked by Lockheed in 1980 to help develop the Homing Overlay Experiment (HOE) booster for the U.S. Army which would go on to become the first successful hit-to-kill intercept of a mock ballistic missile warhead outside the Earth’s atmosphere. This technology was later used by the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and expanded into the Exoatmospheric Reentry-vehicle Interception System (ERIS) program. In 1982 Space Vector was tapped by Space Services Inc. of America (", "id": "7487030" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nPhilip Bono (13 January 1921 – 23 May 1993) was a Douglas Aircraft Company engineer. He was a pioneer of reusable vertical landing single-stage to orbit launch vehicles. As a visionary designer, he is credited with inventing the first version of a recoverable single-stage spacecraft booster, and his contributions influenced spacecraft design. Bono pursued single-stage space launch as simpler and cheaper. He realized to do this he would need to use high specific impulse liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engines. Afterwards he proposed to", "id": "3522770" }, { "contents": "Vance D. Coffman\n\n\nin Aerospace Engineering of Iowa State University (ISU). Coffman had three brothers, all of which studied at ISU within the engineering and science departments. Coffman has Master's and Doctorate graduate in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University. In 1967, Coffman joined Lockheed Martin Corporation's Space Systems Division, working on the development of space programs and data processing systems for the corporation. By 1988 he was president of the Space Systems Division. He directed the Hubble Space Telescope project for Lockheed. By 1998 he was the chairman and", "id": "11284872" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n\" commercial parts and currently-available technology, but Lockheed Martin was not interested enough to fund such a program themselves. On February 15, 1989, Pournelle, Graham and Hunter were able to procure a meeting with Vice-President Dan Quayle. They \"sold\" the idea to SDIO by noting that any space-based weapons system would need to be serviced by a spacecraft that was far more reliable than the Space Shuttle, and offer lower launch costs and have much better turnaround times. Given the uncertainties of the design", "id": "15420674" }, { "contents": "Abdul Majid (physicist)\n\n\nand joined Pakistan's Space Program as a researcher in astrophysics and aeronautical labs. Majid worked under the supervision of noted Pakistani-Polish military scientist and aeronautical engineer, Air Commodore W. J. M. Turowicz, in the field of Rocket Technology and published numerous research papers. He is credited for the design and developed the Hypersonic Rocket Launch Vehicle or Hatf Missiles Series during his stay at SUPARCO. In 1983, Dr Majid was put in-charge of Satellite Development Program of Pakistan. He is widely credited for the indigenous development and launching", "id": "14780917" }, { "contents": "Martin Knutson\n\n\n's aging fleet of F-104 support aircraft with F/A-18 Hornets. He also provided leadership for numerous flight research projects including the X-29 forward-swept-wing technology demonstrator; the Controlled Impact Demonstration, the F-15 Digital Electronic Engine Control project that integrated propulsion and flight controls, the Pegasus air-launched rocket for placing small payloads into low-Earth orbit; the CV-990 Landing Systems Research aircraft that tested improved braking systems for the space shuttle; and the F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle. After the Air Force announced the impending retirement", "id": "2519508" }, { "contents": "Pioneer Rocketplane\n\n\nMissile Range Officers’ Club on May 12, 1993. The original concept was developed by then Air Force Captain Mitchell Burnside Clapp, who envisioned an aerial refueled, rocket-powered single-stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicle using jet fuel and hydrogen peroxide. This concept seemed a natural match for the Air Force's TransAtmospheric Vehicle (TAV) mission and studies began at the USAF Phillips Laboratory. Aerospace engineering legend Burt Rutan and noted aircraft designer Dan Raymer contributed input to the development of the design. During the winter of", "id": "17524030" }, { "contents": "Thor (rocket family)\n\n\nThor was a US space launch vehicle derived from the PGM-17 Thor intermediate-range ballistic missile. The Thor rocket was the first member of the Delta rocket family of space launch vehicles. The last launch of a direct derivative of the Thor missile occurred in 2018 as the first stage of the final Delta II. Thor was first used as a launch vehicle during the testing program of the warhead reentry vehicle for the Atlas missile. For these three tests a Thor core stage was topped by the Able second stage. Able used the", "id": "21158637" }, { "contents": "Boeing X-37\n\n\nThe Boeing X-37, also known as the Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), is a reusable robotic spacecraft. It is boosted into space by a launch vehicle, then re-enters Earth's atmosphere and lands as a spaceplane. The X-37 is operated by the United States Air Force for orbital spaceflight missions intended to demonstrate reusable space technologies. It is a 120%-scaled derivative of the earlier Boeing X-40. The X-37 began as a NASA project in 1999, before being transferred to the U.S. Department of Defense in 2004. Its first", "id": "12510871" }, { "contents": "LGM-25C Titan II\n\n\nThe Titan II was an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and space launcher developed by the Glenn L. Martin Company from the earlier Titan I missile. Titan II was originally designed and used as an ICBM, but was later adapted as a medium-lift space launch vehicle to carry payloads to Earth orbit for the United States Air Force (USAF), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Those payloads included the USAF Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), NOAA weather", "id": "10861471" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\non the X-33 experience shared with NASA, Lockheed Martin hoped to make the business case for a full-scale SSTO RLV, called VentureStar, that would be developed and operated through commercial means. The intention was that rather than operate space transport systems as it has with the Space Shuttle, NASA would instead look to private industry to operate the reusable launch vehicle and NASA would purchase launch services from the commercial launch provider. Thus, the X-33 was not only about honing space flight technologies, but also about successfully demonstrating the technology", "id": "9997276" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nmake these vehicles reusable. From his ROOST design onwards Bono advocated space launch vehicles without wings, usually using rocket assisted vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL). According to his estimates, wings consisted mostly of dead weight that decreased launch payload mass. He patented a reusable plug nozzle rocket engine which had dual use as a heat shield for atmospheric reentry. His early 1960s concepts influenced later designs like the 1990s Delta Clipper, also from Douglas. Philip Bono was born in Brooklyn, New York on 13 January 1921. He graduated", "id": "3522771" }, { "contents": "Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment\n\n\nof new space services and other activities that would improve U.S. economic competitiveness. The program implemented the National Space Transportation Policy, which is designed to accelerate the development of new launch technologies and concepts to contribute to the continuing commercialization of the national space launch industry. Both the X-33 and the smaller X-34 technology testbed demonstrator were under the Space Transportation Program Offices at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. The air-launched, winged X-34 also was to demonstrate technologies applicable to future-generation reusable launch vehicles designed to dramatically", "id": "20761669" }, { "contents": "Adolf Thiel\n\n\nfor the Thor ballistic missile, which became a first-stage launch for the Explorer spacecraft. He was director of space projects for TRW when it developed Explorer VI and Pioneer V, two of the earliest US craft to explore interplanetary space. He oversaw all of TRW's space programs during the 1970s. After his retirement in 1980 as a senior vice president, Thiel served as an executive consultant to TRW and on NASA planning groups. He was named a fellow of the American Astronautical Society in 1968. He married Frances Thiel", "id": "11277096" }, { "contents": "BAC Mustard\n\n\nin other space programmes, such as the American Space Shuttle. Mustard was a modular re-usable space launch system, comprising multiple copies of a single vehicle design, each of which was configured for a different role as a booster stage or an orbital spaceplane. The core vehicle design resembled the basic layout of the Douglas Astro, both being delta-winged reusable vehicles, as would the later American Space Shuttle. Furthermore, all three functioned as vertically-launched rockets and used integral wings so that they could land horizontally,", "id": "11296482" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nSSIA) to fabricate and launch the Conestoga I off Matagorda Island, Texas which became the first privately funded rocket to reach space. In 1992 Space Vector teamed with Coleman Research Corporation (now a division of L-3 Communications) and Aerotherm to provide the Army Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC) with 25 Hera target vehicles to support testing of THAAD and Patriot PAC-3 anti-ballistic missile systems. Space Vector went on to earn the distinction in 1997 as the first company to air launch a minuteman based target vehicle. The single", "id": "7487031" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n-range ballistic missile and the large Saturn I booster rocket. Following the Russian Sputnik launch, in July 1960 he moved with other von Braun rocket scientists from the Army Ballistic Missile Agency to the newly founded NASA. There, as part of the Apollo moon-landing program, he made major contributions working on the Saturn V booster rocket, on aerothermodynamics, and on liquid hydrogen propellant systems. He subsequently was involved in numerous projects contributing to the nation's manned and unmanned space flight programs, especially Skylab and the Space Shuttle", "id": "21371186" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nthe NLS-1 core stage. The NLS program did not venture beyond the planning stages and did not survive the Presidency of Bill Clinton, which started in January 1993. In 1992, Daniel Goldin was selected to replace Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly as NASA administrator. Goldin championed the motto, \"faster, better, cheaper,\" which may not have fit the ambitious NLS vision. A NASA history from 1998 says that reusable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) rockets and space planes such as the McDonnell Douglas DC", "id": "11086743" }, { "contents": "Gary Hudson (engineer)\n\n\nGary Hudson has been involved in private spaceflight development for over 40 years. Hudson is best known as the founder of Rotary Rocket Company, which in spending ~$30 Million attempted to build a unique single stage to orbit launch vehicle known as the Roton. Rotary Rocket built a landing test simulator (the Roton ATV) which flew three successful test flights in 1999. He also helped found Transformational Space T/Space in 2004. He also helped found AirLaunch LLC which was awarded the DARPA/USAF FALCON project in 2003. Previous projects", "id": "10746924" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nof Space Shuttle Columbia touched down on Rogers Dry Lakebed, with Astronauts John Young and Robert Crippin successfully landing the first orbiting space vehicle ever to leave the Earth under rocket power and return to Earth aerodynamically for re-use. The \"Flying Wing\" returned to Edwards in the late 1980s when the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber began testing, and at a remote site, the F-117A Nighthawk stealth fighter. Air-Launched Cruise Missile, and LANTIRN systems were also tested during the 1980s. The 1990s saw the arrival of the Lockheed", "id": "14946576" }, { "contents": "Jerry Pournelle\n\n\nof making recommendation to the US Air Force on investment in technologies required to build the missile force to be deployed in 1975. After Project 75 was completed Pournelle became manager of several advanced concept studies. At North American Rockwell’s Space Division, Pournelle was associate director of operations research, where he took part in the Apollo program and general operations. He was founding President of the Pepperdine Research Institute. In 1989, Pournelle, Max Hunter, and retired Army Lieutenant General Daniel O. Graham made a presentation to then Vice President Dan", "id": "16491387" }, { "contents": "United States Air Force Plant 42\n\n\nby McDonnell Douglas, St. Louis, Missouri, and transported by aircraft to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. They were also transported by aircraft from Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility to the Kennedy Space Center. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration had been paying the Air Force for use of Plant 42 facilities for the shuttle work. NASA decided in February 2002 to shift space shuttle overhaul and modification work from Palmdale to Florida. Current projects include design, engineering, pre-production, production, modification, flight testing, servicing and repair", "id": "9173070" }, { "contents": "William C. Schwartz\n\n\nspace vehicles and orbital calculations. He was a member of the founding group within NAA involved with the development of space vehicles and which developed the Apollo program. In the early 1960s, he moved to The Martin Company (later Martin Marietta and now Lockheed Martin), where he managed three departments, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Human Factors for the missile developer. It was during this period that he became involved in laser research and development. Shortly after the invention of the laser in 1960, Martin recognized its potential in", "id": "13650865" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthat could lead to an SSTO vehicle. The one-third-size test craft was operated and maintained by a small team of three people based out of a trailer, and the craft was once relaunched less than 24 hours after landing. Although the test program was not without mishap (including a minor explosion), the DC-X demonstrated that the maintenance aspects of the concept were sound. That project was cancelled when it landed with three of four legs deployed, tipped over, and exploded on the fourth flight after", "id": "10328911" }, { "contents": "Marti Sarigul-Klijn\n\n\nDr. Marti Sarigul-Klijn is an expert at rapidly designing, fabricating, and test flying proof-of-concept prototypes. He holds a Ph.D. in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and is a graduate of the United States Naval Test Pilot School and the United States Naval Academy. After completing twenty years in the Navy with the final rank of Commander, he has since worked on over 20 design proposals that include aircraft, UAV's, rocket propulsion, and space launch vehicles. Seven of these proposals continued to", "id": "11065599" }, { "contents": "Jerauld R. Gentry\n\n\nJerauld Richard \"Jerry\" Gentry (May 16, 1935 – March 3, 2003) was a United States Air Force (USAF) test pilot and Vietnam combat veteran. As chief USAF pilot of the Lifting Body Research Program, he helped validate the concept of flying a wingless vehicle back to Earth from space and landing it like an aircraft—an approach used by the Space Shuttle and to a greater degree by vehicles such as the Lockheed Martin X-33 and NASA X-38. Gentry completed thirty lifting body flights including the first flight", "id": "21488944" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nlifting body shape, composite multi-lobed liquid fuel tanks, and the aerospike engine, NASA and Lockheed Martin hoped to test fly a craft that would demonstrate the viability of a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) design. A spacecraft capable of reaching orbit in a single stage would not require external fuel tanks or boosters to reach low Earth orbit. Doing away with the need for \"staging\" with launch vehicles, such as with the Shuttle and the Apollo rockets, would lead to an inherently more reliable", "id": "9997271" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfor a proposed SSTO. It is one of only a few prototype SSTO vehicles ever built. Several other prototypes were intended, including the DC-X2 (a half-scale prototype) and the DC-Y, a full-scale vehicle which would be capable of single stage insertion into orbit. Neither of these were built, but the project was taken over by NASA in 1995, and they built the DC-XA, an upgraded one-third scale prototype. This vehicle was lost when it landed with only", "id": "10328890" }, { "contents": "Landing gear\n\n\ne.g., the Space Shuttle, or the USAF X-37), landing gear have been largely absent from orbital vehicles during the early decades since the advent of spaceflight technology, when orbital space transport has been the exclusive preserve of national-monopoly governmental space programs. Each spaceflight system to date has relied on expendable boosters to begin each ascent to orbital velocity. Recent advances in private space transport, where new competition to governmental space initiatives has emerged, have included the explicit design of landing gear into orbital booster rockets. SpaceX has initiated", "id": "10876701" }, { "contents": "Eric Boe\n\n\ninvolves work with displays and controls for future space vehicles. He made his first trip to space as pilot of during STS-126 on November 14, 2008. Boe flew his second space flight as pilot on STS-133, the final scheduled flight of the Space Shuttle \"Discovery\" and the third-to-last flight of the Space Shuttle program. In August 2012, Boe was named Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office. In July 2015, NASA announced Boe as one of the first astronauts for U.S. Commercial spaceflights. Subsequently, he", "id": "14264618" }, { "contents": "Melvin B. Zisfein\n\n\nMelvin B. Zisfein (1926-1995) was an aircraft designer and a Deputy Director of the U.S. National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC. Zisfein graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with degrees in aeronautical engineering (B.S. 1948; M.S. 1948) and worked as a designer, aerodynamicist, and manager for aircraft companies from then until 1966. He was associate director of the Franklin Institute Research Laboratories from 1966 to 1971. From 1971 to 1982 he served as the deputy director of the National Air and Space Museum,", "id": "1801139" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nselected from the Air Force's test pilot cadre. Additionally, the AFTC assisted with the testing of rocket engines and re-entry vehicles. Along with the X-15, pilots at Edwards were expanding the frontiers of atmospheric flight, testing the XB-70 Valkyrie high-altitude bomber, along with the YF-12 interceptor for Air Defense Command and the SR-71 Blackbird Strategic Reconnaissance aircraft for Strategic Air Command. With the decline of the military manned space mission after the NASA Lunar Landing Program ended, the Aerospace Research Pilot School was once again re-", "id": "14946574" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nDC-X were hired by Blue Origin, and their New Shepard vehicle was inspired by the DC-X design. Blue Origin does not require the high cross range capabilities, and therefore uses a base-first re-entry profile. Also, the DC-X provided inspiration for many elements of Armadillo Aerospace's, Masten Space Systems's, and TGV Rockets's spacecraft designs. Some NASA engineers believe that the DC-X could provide a solution for a crewed Mars lander. Had a DC-type craft been", "id": "15420693" }, { "contents": "Rockwell X-30\n\n\nThe Rockwell X-30 was an advanced technology demonstrator project for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP), part of a United States project to create a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spacecraft and passenger spaceliner. It was cancelled in the early 1990s before a prototype was completed, although much development work in advanced materials and aerospace design was completed. While a goal of a future NASP was a passenger liner capable of two-hour flights from Washington to Tokyo, the X-30 was planned for a crew of", "id": "16588465" }, { "contents": "SpaceDev\n\n\nSpaceDev, a part of the \"Space Systems Business\" of Sierra Nevada Corporation, is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work. It designed and built components for the hybrid rocket motors for Paul Allen's Tier One suborbital SpaceShipOne space program operated by Scaled Composites. It is also developing micro- and nano-satellites, a small expendable launch vehicle, the SpaceDev Streaker, and has designed a piloted suborbital and orbital spaceship of its own, the SpaceDev Dream Chaser, in collaboration with NASA. SpaceDev is based near San Diego in", "id": "16321029" }, { "contents": "Glenn L. Martin Company\n\n\nby the American space program as one of its first satellite booster rockets as part of Project Vanguard. The Vanguard was the first American space exploration rocket designed from scratch to be an orbital launch vehicle — rather than being a modified sounding rocket (like the Juno I) or a ballistic missile (like the U.S. Army's Redstone missile). Martin also designed and manufactured the huge and heavily armed Titan I and LGM-25C Titan II Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). Martin Company of Orlando, Florida, was the prime contractor for", "id": "10667744" }, { "contents": "Shuttlecraft (Star Trek)\n\n\nplanetary surface and space. Wernher Von Braun in the 1950s conceived of a reusable winged spacecraft as a ferry rocket. Plans for such vehicles were referred to as \"DC-3\" by spacecraft designer Maxime Faget and Integrated Launch and Reentry Vehicle (ILRV) by NASA. During the late 1960s, while \"\" was being broadcast, these concepts became known as Space Shuttle. In a speech given to the British Interplanetary Society in August 1968 George Mueller, head of the NASA Office of Manned Space Flight, mentioned the need for a", "id": "13203374" }, { "contents": "The Aerospace Corporation\n\n\n. Gen. Bernard A. Schriever announced the \"formation of a new nonprofit organization, The Aerospace Corporation, to serve the Air Force in the scientific and technical planning and management of missile-space programs.\" Among the earliest projects it supported were the Dyna-Soar orbital spaceplane, Project Mercury, and the man-rating of the Atlas (rocket) intercontinental ballistic missile. The Aerospace Corporation provided general systems engineering and technical direction for the Titan II missile, first tested in 1962, which became the launch vehicle for Project Gemini", "id": "15141218" }, { "contents": "Timothy Creamer\n\n\nPrior to his astronaut selection in 1998, he had been working as a space operations officer, with the Army Space Command, stationed in Houston, Texas. He is now the Army’s NASA Detachment commander. Creamer was assigned to NASA at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in July 1995 as a Space Shuttle vehicle integration test engineer. His duties primarily involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle. He was actively involved in the integrated tests of the systems for each Orbiter for its preparations for its", "id": "7264360" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nof the rocket, the Clipper Graham soared into the skies over the old White Sands Missile Range to a height of 3,120 meters (10,300 ft) and stayed in the air for over two minutes before landing. That flight was the highest and longest the vehicle had ever flown until then. Robert A. Heinlein dedicated his 1985 novel The Cat Who Walks Through Walls to Graham and eight of the other members of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy. Graham was chairman of the American Space Frontier Committee, the Coalition for", "id": "5770554" }, { "contents": "SpaceX\n\n\nhas one of the largest concentrations of aerospace headquarters, facilities, and/or subsidiaries in the U.S., including Boeing/McDonnell Douglas main satellite building campuses, Aerospace Corp., Raytheon, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Air Force Space Command's Space and Missile Systems Center at Los Angeles Air Force Base, Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems, Northrop Grumman, and AECOM, etc., with a large pool of aerospace engineers and recent college engineering graduates. SpaceX utilizes a high degree of vertical integration in the production of its rockets and rocket", "id": "10001424" }, { "contents": "William H. Gerstenmaier\n\n\n1980, Gerstenmaier moved to Houston, Texas, to work at the Johnson Space Center, researching propulsion related to the Space Shuttle, and was involved in the earliest phases of the International Space Station design. In 1984, he was a semi-finalist in the selection for NASA Astronaut Group 10. In 1988, he first served as manager of Space Shuttle Program Integration, and then went on to serve as head of the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle Operations Office. Following that, he became Director of Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom", "id": "13055214" }, { "contents": "Bruno Augenstein\n\n\nBruno Wilhelm Augenstein (March 16, 1923 – July 6, 2005) was a German-born mathematician and physicist who made important contributions in space technology, ballistic missile research, satellites, antimatter, and many other areas. Augenstein worked in the Aerophysics Laboratory at North American Aviation on diverse projects including weaponization of the V-2 rocket, a ramjet-powered vehicle that later became the Navajo missile. He entered RAND Corporation as a consultant and subcontractor in 1949. Initially at RAND he developed an interest in long range missiles. Augenstein", "id": "1664472" }, { "contents": "Robert R. Gilruth\n\n\nRobert Rowe Gilruth (October 8, 1913 – August 17, 2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. He worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics from 1937 to 1958 and its successor NASA, until his retirement in 1973. He was involved with early research into supersonic flight and rocket-powered aircraft, and then with the United States manned space program, including the Mercury, Gemini", "id": "19875506" } ]

[ { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nMaxwell White Hunter II (March 11, 1922 – November 10, 2001) was a prominent American aerospace engineer. He worked on the design of the Douglas B-42 and Douglas B-43 bombers, the Honest John, Nike-Ajax, and Nike-Zeus missiles, the Thor IRBM, and on parts of the Strategic Defense Initiative. In later years he worked on space-launch vehicles and was a proponent of Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) designs. He was honored in 1995 by the National Space Society", "id": "13829898" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvariety of projects including parts of the mammoth Strategic Defense Initiative. SDI gave him a chance at realizing a dream he had nurtured since the 1960s: the construction of a Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle. In 1984, Hunter proposed a vehicle he called the X-rocket, based on those earlier SSTO designs. The design was reviewed by LMSC's Astronautics Division (AD), which judged it worth pursuing, and by its Missile Systems Division (MSD), which did not. LMSC then", "id": "13829902" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\npayloads into Earth orbit today. After working for Douglas Aircraft from 1944 to 1961, Hunter joined the staff of the National Aeronautics and Space Council, a group that advised the U.S. president on space policy. Following several years in that position, he went back to the aerospace industry in 1965, spending over two decades with Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (LMSC). (LMSC was a division of Lockheed Corporation, which merged with Martin Marietta in 1995 to become Lockheed-Martin.) At LMSC, Hunter worked on a", "id": "13829901" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nspace systems. In this position he oversaw the production of military missiles including the Honest John artillery rocket, the Nike antiaircraft missile, and the Sparrow air-to-air missile. Douglas Aircraft began work on the Thor, an early Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM), in late 1955 and put Hunter in charge of that program. He assembled a small team of crack designers and brought the development to success in a short time. Thor became the basis of the McDonnell Douglas Delta rocket, whose descendants are still boosting", "id": "13829900" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nand High Frontier convinced SDI management and other national officials that a study should be initiated to determine once and for all the feasibility of SSTO vehicles for military missions. This led to a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) program to design a single-stage vehicle that could replace military satellites on short notice during a national emergency. This vehicle was known as the Delta Clipper. McDonnell Douglas Corporation was contracted to build and test fly a one-third-scale, suborbital testbed called the DC-X, or Delta Clipper", "id": "13829904" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvehicle tipped over at landing. Funding to make repairs and continue flight tests was not made available. Max Hunter continued to advise on space policy issues and advocate the building of SSTO vehicles for airline-like access to space, a goal he was sure could be attained. He chaired the Rules Committee for the Ansari X Prize, announced in 1996, a $10 million prize for the first reusable craft to reach space twice within two weeks without substantial refit. In October 2000, he agreed to serve as Chairman of the", "id": "13829906" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nExperimental. While not capable of spaceflight, the DC-X incorporated many of the technologies needed for an SSTO vehicle, including highly automated systems enabling a quick turnaround (just twenty-six hours) between launches. It made eight successful test flights between August 18, 1993, and July 7, 1995, and then was taken over by NASA and flown four times as the DC-XA between May 18 and July 31, 1996. It was damaged on its last flight when one landing strut failed to deploy and the", "id": "13829905" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nfor lifelong contributions to the technology of spaceflight. Maxwell Hunter was born in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania and graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in that state with a degree in physics and mathematics. In 1944, he earned a Master's Degree in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). After earning his MS from MIT, Hunter went to work for the Douglas Aircraft Company. He became their chief designer in aeronautics, working on modifications of the B-42 and B-43 bombers. Later he was promoted to chief engineer for", "id": "13829899" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\ndeclined to support further work on the X-rocket, and Hunter retired. As an independent consultant, he renamed the concept SSX (for Space Ship Experimental), and began to refine it. In December 1988 the ad hoc Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy was briefed on the concept by Hunter and others. The general concept was endorsed by the Council and by High Frontier, Inc., a Washington-based group headed by Lt. Gen. Daniel O. Graham that lobbied for SDI programs. Working together, Hunter", "id": "13829903" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nAdvisory Board for the Undersea Hotel Project of the Cala Corporation. He died at Stanford Hospital, Stanford, California on the evening of November 10, 2001 after a lingering illness. Max Hunter was Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Beta Pi, and a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), the American Astronautical Society (AAS), and the British Interplanetary Society (BIS). He was also a member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) and an honorary member of the Japanese Rocket Society", "id": "13829907" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nThe DC-X, short for Delta Clipper or Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed prototype of a reusable single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle built by McDonnell Douglas in conjunction with the United States Department of Defense's Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) from 1991 to 1993. Starting 1994 until 1995, testing continued through funding of the US civil space agency NASA. In 1996, the DC-X technology was completely transferred to NASA, which upgraded the design for improved performance to create the DC-XA", "id": "15420672" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nvehicles was prepared by Chrysler Corporation's Space Division in 1970–1971 under NASA contract NAS8-26341. Their proposal (Shuttle SERV) was an enormous vehicle with more than of payload, utilizing jet engines for (vertical) landing. While the technical problems seemed to be solvable, the USAF required a winged design that led to the Shuttle as we know it today. The uncrewed DC-X technology demonstrator, originally developed by McDonnell Douglas for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program office, was an attempt to build a vehicle", "id": "10328910" }, { "contents": "David Urie\n\n\nsystem before initiating and heading the Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) and X-33 Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Programs at Lockheed. Urie's work as the program manager for the previously classified Have Region project demonstrated that rocket-powered single-stage-to-orbit vehicles were technically feasible, which led to the Lockheed Martin SSTO design approach. As a Director of the Lockheed-Martin Skunk Works SSTO/RLV Advanced Technology Demonstration Program, Urie conceived and developed the aerospike rocket propelled lifting body that was selected by NASA as", "id": "20876395" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nearly stages of flight; and flight within Earth's atmosphere, which limits speed in the early stages of flight and influences engine performance. Additionally, the retirement of NASA's Shuttle launch vehicle has resulted in a substantial reduction in the cost to launch a kilogram of payload to either low Earth orbit or the International Space Station, removing the main projected advantage of the SSTO concept. Notable single stage to orbit concepts include Skylon, the DC-X, the Lockheed Martin X-33, and the Roton SSTO. However, despite showing", "id": "10328885" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nThe Lockheed Martin X-33 was an uncrewed, sub-scale technology demonstrator suborbital spaceplane developed in the 1990s under the U.S. government-funded Space Launch Initiative program. The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for the VentureStar orbital spaceplane, which was planned to be a next-generation, commercially operated reusable launch vehicle. The X-33 would flight-test a range of technologies that NASA believed it needed for single-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicles (SSTO RLVs), such as metallic thermal protection systems, composite cryogenic fuel tanks", "id": "9997267" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n. During the 1960s some of the first concept designs for this kind of craft began to emerge. One of the earliest SSTO concepts was the expendable One stage Orbital Space Truck (OOST) proposed by Philip Bono, an engineer for Douglas Aircraft Company. A reusable version named ROOST was also proposed. Another early SSTO concept was a reusable launch vehicle named NEXUS which was proposed by Krafft Arnold Ehricke in the early 1960s. It was one of the largest spacecraft ever conceptualized with a diameter of over 50 metres and the capability to", "id": "10328887" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n. According to writer Jerry Pournelle: \"DC-X was conceived in my living room and sold to National Space Council Chairman Dan Quayle by General Graham, Max Hunter and me.\" According to Max Hunter, however, he had tried hard to convince Lockheed Martin of the concept's value for several years before he retired. Hunter had written a paper in 1985 entitled \"The Opportunity\", detailing the concept of a Single-Stage-To-Orbit spacecraft built with low-cost \"off-the-shelf", "id": "15420673" }, { "contents": "Rob Meyerson\n\n\nInitiative contract with NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. Meyerson launched his career as an aerospace engineer at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) from 1985 to 1997 working on human spaceflight systems, including the aerodynamic design of the Space Shuttle orbiter drag parachute, as well as the overall design, integration, and flight test of a gliding parachute for the X-38 Crew Rescue Vehicle, a crew return vehicle designed to return astronauts to earth from the International Space Station. Meyerson began with NASA in 1985 as a cooperative education student at JSC", "id": "8603673" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nfor the X-33 was selected over competing concepts from Boeing and McDonnell Douglas. Boeing proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design, and McDonnell Douglas proposed a design based on its vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL) DC-XA test vehicle. The uncrewed X-33 was slated to fly 15 suborbital hops to near 75.8 km altitude. It was to be launched upright like a rocket and rather than having a straight flight path it would fly diagonally up for half the flight, reaching extremely high altitudes, and then for the rest of the", "id": "9997274" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nThe methodologies were later adopted as a standard by the Air Transport Association. He later joined the Thor missile project as the chief design engineer, and this introduced him to the world of space launchers. With new upper stages, Thor became the Delta, one of the most-used launchers in the 1960s. In spite of Thor's success, Hunter was dissatisfied with the state of the launcher market and later wrote that \"by the end of 1963 the state of recoverable rockets was terrible.\" He was convinced that as", "id": "7750830" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nit the DC-X for Delta Clipper Experimental. The name honored the firm's successful Thor/Delta rocket and recalled the famous 19th-century commercial clipper ships. The McDonnell Douglas SSTO team saw the Delta Clipper as opening the \"space trade routes in the same way that the Yankee Clipper ships opened the sea trade routes.\" The needs of the commercial launch industry thus were integral to the thinking of the McDonnell Douglas DC-X team. General Graham envisioned the DC-X as the perfect inexpensive launch and delivery", "id": "5770549" }, { "contents": "George Huebner\n\n\nproduce intercontinental ballistic missiles. Huebner was named executive engineer in charge of Chrysler's Missile Branch. At the time he was serving as executive engineer of research for Chrysler in their automotive division. He developed a complete research and development missile facility that included engineering, testing, and production of the Redstone rocket. These rockets ultimately launched into orbit the first U.S. satellites and the first manned space flights. Huebner worked closely with Wernher von Braun on the space program. For two years he worked on this rocket project and then went back", "id": "15004097" }, { "contents": "Reusable launch system\n\n\nthe McDonnell Douglas Delta Clipper VTOL SSTO proposal progressed to the testing phase. The DC-X prototype demonstrated rapid turnaround time and automatic computer control. In mid-1990, British research evolved an earlier HOTOL design into the far more promising Skylon design, which remains in development. From the commercial side, Rocketplane Kistler and Rotary Rocket attempted to build reusable privately developed rockets before going bankrupt. NASA proposed risky reusable concepts to replace the Shuttle technology, to be demonstrated under the X-33 and X-34 programs, which were both cancelled in the early", "id": "19421229" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\na number of SSTO advocates to reconsider hydrogen as a satisfactory fuel. The late Max Hunter, while employing hydrogen fuel in the DC-X, often said that he thought the first successful orbital SSTO would more likely be fueled by propane. Some SSTO concepts use the same engine for all altitudes, which is a problem for traditional engines with a bell-shaped nozzle. Depending on the atmospheric pressure, different bell shapes are optimal. Engines operating in the lower atmosphere have shorter bells than those designed to work in vacuum.", "id": "10328899" }, { "contents": "George Mueller (NASA)\n\n\ndesigns ranged from 'simple' concepts like Martin Marietta's six person reusable craft similar to the Dyna-Soar (launched by a Titan III-M), to partially reusable concepts like Lockheed's Star Clipper or Tip Tank from McDonnell Douglas, to fully reusable two-stage vehicles like the one proposed by General Dynamics. Following this symposium Mueller continued to champion a \"space shuttle\". He did not invent the term, but he made it his own. He was also a keen proponent of space stations and was", "id": "16249187" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nIn October 2000, Beal Aerospace ceased operations citing a decision by NASA and the Department of Defense to commit themselves to the development of the competing government-financed EELV program. In 1998 Rotary Rocket proposed the Roton, a Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) piloted Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) space transport. A full scale Roton Atmospheric Test Vehicle flew three times in 1999. After spending tens of millions of dollars in development the Roton failed to secure launch contracts and Rotary Rocket ceased operations in 2001. On", "id": "288621" }, { "contents": "List of human spaceflight programs\n\n\ncommissioned by the Russian Aerospace Agency since 1993. The Kankoh-maru (観光丸? Kankōmaru) is the name of a proposed vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL), single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), reusable launch system (rocket-powered spacecraft). The Ansari X Prize was a space competition in which the X Prize Foundation offered a US$10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable crewed spacecraft into space twice within two weeks. Twenty-six teams from around the world", "id": "19978394" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nby 2016, and some space ventures have had to turn away investor funding. After earlier first effort of OTRAG, in the 1990s the projection of a significant demand for communications satellite launches attracted the development of a number of commercial space launch providers. The launch demand largely vanished when some of the largest satellite constellations, such as 288 satellite Teledesic network, were never built. In 1996 NASA selected Lockheed Martin Skunk Works to build the X-33 VentureStar prototype for a single stage to orbit (SSTO) reusable launch vehicle. In 1999", "id": "288619" }, { "contents": "James Smith McDonnell\n\n\nMcDonnell Aircraft Corporation in 1939. Headquartered in St. Louis, the company quickly grew into a principal supplier of fighter aircraft to the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy, including the F-4 Phantom II fighter and the Mercury and Gemini space capsules. In 1967, McDonnell Aircraft merged with the Douglas Aircraft Company to create McDonnell Douglas. Later that year Douglas Aircraft Company's space and missiles division became part of a new subsidiary called McDonnell Douglas Astronautics, located in Huntington Beach, California, producing the Delta series of launch vehicles. The new", "id": "21028393" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\ndeath, the first launch vehicle based on his designs, the McDonnell Douglas DC-X (Delta Clipper) began a largely successful series of test flights. The DC-X was a vertical-takeoff and vertical landing vehicle. The series of test flights began on 18 August 1993 and continued until the upgraded version of the launch vehicle (renamed the DC-XA) tipped over on landing on July 31, 1996. Among Bono's visionary designs was a 1960 Boeing design for a manned Mars spacecraft capable of carrying a", "id": "3522773" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\neight Block II satellites for flights on the new Delta II expendable Medium Launch Vehicle in lieu of the Space Shuttle. Space Division awarded the Medium Launch Vehicle (MLV) contract to McDonnell-Douglas Astronautics Company on 21 January 1987. However, unlike earlier commercial arrangements, the company would no longer be under contract to NASA. Under the new Commercial Expendable Launch Vehicle program encouraged by president Ronald Reagan since 1983, McDonnell-Douglas would be responsible for producing, marketing and launching its commercial Delta IIs. The Air Force would be", "id": "19923501" }, { "contents": "Mel Hunter\n\n\nfor the years 1960-1962. As Hunter's science fiction career blossomed, so did his technical and scientific illustrations. Hunter's love of air and space took him from California's desert runways to Florida's seacoast launchpads to illustrate every variety of jet-age aircraft and space-age rocket imaginable—from X-15 to Saturn V. One of Hunter's best-known books is \"The Missilemen\", a photo illustrated work published in 1960 by Doubleday. Hunter visited U.S. rocket and missile sites during the late 1950s; he", "id": "20560131" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\na single-stage-to-orbit vehicle. Five companies expressed interest and proposed concepts. Three (LM, Rockwell and McDonnell Douglas) were selected for workup into more detailed proposals. Rockwell proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design. It would have used one Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) and two RL-10-5A engines. In a subsequent full-scale system to reach orbit Rockwell planned to use six Rocketdyne RS-2100 engines. McDonnell Douglas featured a design using liquid oxygen/hydrogen bell engines based on its vertical takeoff", "id": "9997282" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\nresearch ways to make more efficient use of the wing surface during high-speed maneuvers. The Directorate is also a collaborator with DARPA, the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Sandia National Laboratories and AFRL's Space Vehicles Directorate on the FALCON program, which includes the HTV-3X Blackswift hypersonic flight demonstration vehicle. The Air Vehicles Directorate also collaborated with NASA and Boeing on the initial work for the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle and the 80% scaled version, X-40A Space Maneuver Vehicle, prior to the classification of the program and", "id": "1842734" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nparts for re-use. After landing the vehicle would be refit, mated with another tank, and be ready for another mission. Hunter moved to Lockheed in the fall of 1965. On his first day he was asked if there was anything Lockheed should be looking at, and he immediately suggested development of his stage-and-a-half design. His suggestions caught the ear of Eugene Root, president of Lockheed Missiles and Space, who gave him the go-ahead to study what became known as the Star", "id": "7750834" }, { "contents": "PGM-17 Thor\n\n\ndeployment as a missile a few years after deployment, the Thor rocket found widespread use as a space launch vehicle. It was the first in a large family of space launch vehicles—the Delta rockets. The last remaining descendant of the Thor, the Delta II, was retired in 2018, and the Delta IV is based on entirely new technology, unlike the Delta II. see Project Emily Stations and Squadrons Family: Thor IRBM, Thor DM-18 (single stage LV); Thor DM-19 (rocket 1st stage), Thor", "id": "15220989" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthree of its four landing pads deployed, which caused it to tip over on its side and explode. The project has not been continued since. From 1999 to 2001 Rotary Rocket attempted to build a SSTO vehicle called the Roton. It received a large amount of media attention and a working sub-scale prototype was completed, but the design was largely impractical. There have been various approaches to SSTO, including pure rockets that are launched and land vertically, air-breathing scramjet-powered vehicles that are launched and land horizontally", "id": "10328891" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\n. The facilities for testing rockets are frequently used for testing new rocket engines including the RS-68 rocket engine developed for use on the Delta IV launch vehicle. The space propulsion area also develops technologies for use in satellites on-orbit to alter their orbits. An AFRL-developed experimental Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) arcjet was flown on the ARGOS satellite in 1999 as part of the Air Force Space Test Program. The Directorate currently manages the X-51A program, which is developing a scramjet demonstration vehicle. The X-51 program is working", "id": "1842749" }, { "contents": "Laurel van der Wal\n\n\nhonors. Her graduate education was funded in part by a National Research Council fellowship to study aeronautics in Stockholm, Sweden. As a young engineer van der Wal worked at Douglas Aircraft as a data analyst on the Nike missile program, and later designing missile systems for the Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation. Starting in 1958, she was the project engineer on three MIA (Mouse-in-Able) launches from Cape Canaveral, as head of bioastronautics at Space Technology Laboratories. She was named the \"Los Angeles Times\"'s \"", "id": "12236594" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nThe National Launch System (or New Launch System) was a study authorized in 1991 by President George H. W. Bush to outline alternatives to the Space Shuttle for access to Earth orbit. Shortly thereafter, NASA asked Lockheed Missiles and Space, McDonnell Douglas, and TRW to perform a ten-month study. A series of launch vehicles was proposed, based around the proposed Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) liquid-fuel rocket engine. The STME was to be a simplified, expendable version of the Space Shuttle main engine (", "id": "11086741" }, { "contents": "Michael R. Clifford\n\n\nfrom the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and was designated an experimental test pilot. In December 1995, Clifford retired from the army. As a military officer, Clifford was assigned to the Johnson Space Center in July 1987. As a Space Shuttle Vehicle Integration engineer, his duties involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle Program. He was involved in design certification and integration of the Shuttle Crew Escape System, and was an executive board member of the Solid Rocket Booster Postflight Assessment Team. Selected as an astronaut", "id": "18151051" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n. In the Shuttle development effort he led a team working on vehicle aerodynamics and the main engines, which included developing full-scale component tests and scaling methodologies, and applying computational fluid dynamics to overcome a wide range of aerothermochemistry problems. He was Chief of the Aerophysics Division at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center until 1992, when he became Chief Aerodynamicist at the NASA Center. He was awarded the AIAA Aerodynamics Award in 1997 for his exceptional lifetime contributions to the aerodynamic design and analysis of strategic missiles and manned/unmanned launch", "id": "21371187" }, { "contents": "Robert A. Heinlein\n\n\noften in his fiction, as do fictitious strikable self-lighting cigarettes. In 1980 Robert Heinlein was a member of the Citizens Advisory Council on National Space Policy, chaired by Jerry Pournelle, which met at the home of SF writer Larry Niven to write space policy papers for the incoming Reagan Administration. Members included such aerospace industry leaders as former astronaut Buzz Aldrin, General Daniel O. Graham, aerospace engineer Max Hunter and North American Rockwell VP for Space Shuttle development George Merrick. Policy recommendations from the Council included ballistic missile defense concepts", "id": "5599733" }, { "contents": "Wernher von Braun\n\n\nUnited States, along with about 1,600 other German scientists, engineers, and technicians, as part of Operation Paperclip. He worked for the United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) program, and he developed the rockets that launched the United States' first space satellite Explorer 1. His group was assimilated into NASA, where he served as director of the newly formed Marshall Space Flight Center and as the chief architect of the Saturn V super heavy-lift launch vehicle that propelled the Apollo spacecraft to the", "id": "15033628" }, { "contents": "Jarvis (rocket)\n\n\nJarvis was a proposed American medium-lift launch vehicle for space launch, designed by Hughes Aircraft and Boeing during the mid-1980s as part of the joint United States Air Force (USAF)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Launch System (ALS) study. Intended to utilize engines and tooling in storage from the Saturn V rocket program along with Space Shuttle components, and projected to be capable of carrying up to six satellites into multiple orbits using a single launch (e.g. GPS constellation), the proposal failed to meet the ALS", "id": "15822979" }, { "contents": "Robert F. Overmyer\n\n\nMarch 1988, he joined the Space Station Team at McDonnell Douglas Aerospace, where he led crew and operations activities for seven years. He retired from McDonnell Douglas in April 1995 and expanded the scope of Mach Twenty Five International, continuing his aerospace consultation work as well as speaking engagements and writing. Overmyer continued his career as a general aviation test pilot. Having former experience with aeronautical testing at both U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School and NASA, he joined Minnesota-based aircraft manufacturer Cirrus Design (now called Cirrus Aircraft) as", "id": "19963429" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n, nuclear-powered vehicles, and even jet-engine-powered vehicles that can fly into orbit and return landing like an airliner, completely intact. For rocket-powered SSTO, the main challenge is achieving a high enough mass-ratio to carry sufficient propellant to achieve orbit, plus a meaningful payload weight. One possibility is to give the rocket an initial speed with a space gun, as planned in the Quicklaunch project. For air-breathing SSTO, the main challenge is system complexity and associated research and development costs", "id": "10328892" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfuel for increasing efficiency once in space. Further examples of Bono's early concepts (prior to the 1990s) which were never constructed include: Around 1985 the NASP project was intended to launch a scramjet vehicle into orbit, but funding was stopped and the project cancelled. At around the same time, the HOTOL tried to use precooled jet engine technology, but failed to show significant advantages over rocket technology. The DC-X, short for Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed one-third scale vertical takeoff and landing demonstrator", "id": "10328889" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nShuttle design. The detailed study of the cost advantages of the drop tank design demonstrated a dramatic reduction in development risk, and as a result, development costs. When funding for STS development was cut, the drop tank was taken up as a way to meet the developmental budgets, leading to the semi-reusable Space Shuttle design. Maxwell Hunter was working at Douglas Aircraft where he formalized the calculation of aircraft operation economics. His methodologies were first published in 1940, and were later applied to the Douglas DC-6 and DC-7.", "id": "7750829" }, { "contents": "Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle\n\n\nThe Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle, designed for NASA's Project Mercury, was the first American crewed space booster. It was used for six sub-orbital Mercury flights from 1960–61; culminating with the launch of the first, and 11 weeks later, the second American (and the second and third humans) in space. The four subsequent Mercury human spaceflights used the more powerful Atlas booster to enter low Earth orbit. A member of the Redstone rocket family, it was derived from the U.S. Army's Redstone ballistic missile and", "id": "11828011" }, { "contents": "British Aerospace HOTOL\n\n\nspace launch system. In 1982, British Aerospace (BAe), which was Europe's principal satellite-builder, began studying a prospective new launch system with the aim of providing launch costs that were 20 per cent of the American Space Shuttle operated by NASA. BAe became aware of work by British engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce on a suitable engine, and soon conceived of an unmanned, fully reuseable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) winged spaceplane as a launch vehicle. Thus, the project had soon became", "id": "14493503" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\nrole in the civilian NASA Project Mercury, Project Gemini and Project Apollo manned space programs along with military Space Shuttle flights. The mission of the unit today is performed by the 45th Space Wing (no direct lineage). Activated in December 1950, replacing 550th Guided Missiles Wing. the 6555th had a distinguished career launching and/or managing ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and payloads for the Ballistic Systems Division, the Space Systems Division and the Space & Missile Systems Organization. As a Wing or a Group, the 6555th earned ten Air", "id": "19923442" }, { "contents": "William H. Dana\n\n\ncontributions to the lifting body program, Dana received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal. In 1976 he received the Haley Space Flight Award from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) for his research work on the M2-F3 lifting body control systems. A member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Dana is the author of several technical papers. In 1993, he was inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Honor. During the X-15 program, eight pilots flew above 264,000 feet or 50 miles, thereby qualifying as astronauts according to", "id": "8766846" }, { "contents": "USAF Hunter-Killer\n\n\nHunter-Killer is an unofficial project name based upon an \"Aviation Week & Space Technology\" article. The U.S. Air Force's Hunter-Killer program was a tactical unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV) procurement program. The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, a variant of the MQ-1 Predator won the project and was deployed in Afghanistan. This is the U.S. Air Force program for which several companies have developed vehicles. Although the J-UCAS concept is a long way from the early idea of a \"reusable cruise missile\",", "id": "18825446" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nlong as launchers were thrown away, access to space would never be affordable. Several companies had already completed early feasibility studies of fully reusable spacecraft, like the Martin Marietta Astrorocket and Douglas Astro. The designs used two flyback stages, one of which flew back to the launch point, while the other flew into orbit and landed after its mission. Hunter thought that any such design was tantamount to making two aircraft to do the job of one, and it was only the upper stage that was of any real use. By", "id": "7750831" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\ndirector of the CIA under Director William Colby and from 1974–1976 he was the director of the DIA. Ronald Reagan called upon General Graham to be his military advisor for his 1976 and 1980 campaigns. General Graham is a member of the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame. In later years, Graham devoted a lot of time to the research and development of Single-Stage To Orbit (SSTO) spacecraft in conjunction with NASA. McDonnell Douglas was awarded a contract to build an SSTO test vehicle on August 16, 1991, and named", "id": "5770548" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nBased on its experience working with Minuteman assets, Space Vector was tasked by Lockheed in 1980 to help develop the Homing Overlay Experiment (HOE) booster for the U.S. Army which would go on to become the first successful hit-to-kill intercept of a mock ballistic missile warhead outside the Earth’s atmosphere. This technology was later used by the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and expanded into the Exoatmospheric Reentry-vehicle Interception System (ERIS) program. In 1982 Space Vector was tapped by Space Services Inc. of America (", "id": "7487030" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nPhilip Bono (13 January 1921 – 23 May 1993) was a Douglas Aircraft Company engineer. He was a pioneer of reusable vertical landing single-stage to orbit launch vehicles. As a visionary designer, he is credited with inventing the first version of a recoverable single-stage spacecraft booster, and his contributions influenced spacecraft design. Bono pursued single-stage space launch as simpler and cheaper. He realized to do this he would need to use high specific impulse liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engines. Afterwards he proposed to", "id": "3522770" }, { "contents": "Vance D. Coffman\n\n\nin Aerospace Engineering of Iowa State University (ISU). Coffman had three brothers, all of which studied at ISU within the engineering and science departments. Coffman has Master's and Doctorate graduate in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University. In 1967, Coffman joined Lockheed Martin Corporation's Space Systems Division, working on the development of space programs and data processing systems for the corporation. By 1988 he was president of the Space Systems Division. He directed the Hubble Space Telescope project for Lockheed. By 1998 he was the chairman and", "id": "11284872" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n\" commercial parts and currently-available technology, but Lockheed Martin was not interested enough to fund such a program themselves. On February 15, 1989, Pournelle, Graham and Hunter were able to procure a meeting with Vice-President Dan Quayle. They \"sold\" the idea to SDIO by noting that any space-based weapons system would need to be serviced by a spacecraft that was far more reliable than the Space Shuttle, and offer lower launch costs and have much better turnaround times. Given the uncertainties of the design", "id": "15420674" }, { "contents": "Abdul Majid (physicist)\n\n\nand joined Pakistan's Space Program as a researcher in astrophysics and aeronautical labs. Majid worked under the supervision of noted Pakistani-Polish military scientist and aeronautical engineer, Air Commodore W. J. M. Turowicz, in the field of Rocket Technology and published numerous research papers. He is credited for the design and developed the Hypersonic Rocket Launch Vehicle or Hatf Missiles Series during his stay at SUPARCO. In 1983, Dr Majid was put in-charge of Satellite Development Program of Pakistan. He is widely credited for the indigenous development and launching", "id": "14780917" }, { "contents": "Martin Knutson\n\n\n's aging fleet of F-104 support aircraft with F/A-18 Hornets. He also provided leadership for numerous flight research projects including the X-29 forward-swept-wing technology demonstrator; the Controlled Impact Demonstration, the F-15 Digital Electronic Engine Control project that integrated propulsion and flight controls, the Pegasus air-launched rocket for placing small payloads into low-Earth orbit; the CV-990 Landing Systems Research aircraft that tested improved braking systems for the space shuttle; and the F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle. After the Air Force announced the impending retirement", "id": "2519508" }, { "contents": "Pioneer Rocketplane\n\n\nMissile Range Officers’ Club on May 12, 1993. The original concept was developed by then Air Force Captain Mitchell Burnside Clapp, who envisioned an aerial refueled, rocket-powered single-stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicle using jet fuel and hydrogen peroxide. This concept seemed a natural match for the Air Force's TransAtmospheric Vehicle (TAV) mission and studies began at the USAF Phillips Laboratory. Aerospace engineering legend Burt Rutan and noted aircraft designer Dan Raymer contributed input to the development of the design. During the winter of", "id": "17524030" }, { "contents": "Thor (rocket family)\n\n\nThor was a US space launch vehicle derived from the PGM-17 Thor intermediate-range ballistic missile. The Thor rocket was the first member of the Delta rocket family of space launch vehicles. The last launch of a direct derivative of the Thor missile occurred in 2018 as the first stage of the final Delta II. Thor was first used as a launch vehicle during the testing program of the warhead reentry vehicle for the Atlas missile. For these three tests a Thor core stage was topped by the Able second stage. Able used the", "id": "21158637" }, { "contents": "Boeing X-37\n\n\nThe Boeing X-37, also known as the Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), is a reusable robotic spacecraft. It is boosted into space by a launch vehicle, then re-enters Earth's atmosphere and lands as a spaceplane. The X-37 is operated by the United States Air Force for orbital spaceflight missions intended to demonstrate reusable space technologies. It is a 120%-scaled derivative of the earlier Boeing X-40. The X-37 began as a NASA project in 1999, before being transferred to the U.S. Department of Defense in 2004. Its first", "id": "12510871" }, { "contents": "LGM-25C Titan II\n\n\nThe Titan II was an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and space launcher developed by the Glenn L. Martin Company from the earlier Titan I missile. Titan II was originally designed and used as an ICBM, but was later adapted as a medium-lift space launch vehicle to carry payloads to Earth orbit for the United States Air Force (USAF), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Those payloads included the USAF Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), NOAA weather", "id": "10861471" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\non the X-33 experience shared with NASA, Lockheed Martin hoped to make the business case for a full-scale SSTO RLV, called VentureStar, that would be developed and operated through commercial means. The intention was that rather than operate space transport systems as it has with the Space Shuttle, NASA would instead look to private industry to operate the reusable launch vehicle and NASA would purchase launch services from the commercial launch provider. Thus, the X-33 was not only about honing space flight technologies, but also about successfully demonstrating the technology", "id": "9997276" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nmake these vehicles reusable. From his ROOST design onwards Bono advocated space launch vehicles without wings, usually using rocket assisted vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL). According to his estimates, wings consisted mostly of dead weight that decreased launch payload mass. He patented a reusable plug nozzle rocket engine which had dual use as a heat shield for atmospheric reentry. His early 1960s concepts influenced later designs like the 1990s Delta Clipper, also from Douglas. Philip Bono was born in Brooklyn, New York on 13 January 1921. He graduated", "id": "3522771" }, { "contents": "Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment\n\n\nof new space services and other activities that would improve U.S. economic competitiveness. The program implemented the National Space Transportation Policy, which is designed to accelerate the development of new launch technologies and concepts to contribute to the continuing commercialization of the national space launch industry. Both the X-33 and the smaller X-34 technology testbed demonstrator were under the Space Transportation Program Offices at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. The air-launched, winged X-34 also was to demonstrate technologies applicable to future-generation reusable launch vehicles designed to dramatically", "id": "20761669" }, { "contents": "Adolf Thiel\n\n\nfor the Thor ballistic missile, which became a first-stage launch for the Explorer spacecraft. He was director of space projects for TRW when it developed Explorer VI and Pioneer V, two of the earliest US craft to explore interplanetary space. He oversaw all of TRW's space programs during the 1970s. After his retirement in 1980 as a senior vice president, Thiel served as an executive consultant to TRW and on NASA planning groups. He was named a fellow of the American Astronautical Society in 1968. He married Frances Thiel", "id": "11277096" }, { "contents": "BAC Mustard\n\n\nin other space programmes, such as the American Space Shuttle. Mustard was a modular re-usable space launch system, comprising multiple copies of a single vehicle design, each of which was configured for a different role as a booster stage or an orbital spaceplane. The core vehicle design resembled the basic layout of the Douglas Astro, both being delta-winged reusable vehicles, as would the later American Space Shuttle. Furthermore, all three functioned as vertically-launched rockets and used integral wings so that they could land horizontally,", "id": "11296482" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nSSIA) to fabricate and launch the Conestoga I off Matagorda Island, Texas which became the first privately funded rocket to reach space. In 1992 Space Vector teamed with Coleman Research Corporation (now a division of L-3 Communications) and Aerotherm to provide the Army Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC) with 25 Hera target vehicles to support testing of THAAD and Patriot PAC-3 anti-ballistic missile systems. Space Vector went on to earn the distinction in 1997 as the first company to air launch a minuteman based target vehicle. The single", "id": "7487031" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n-range ballistic missile and the large Saturn I booster rocket. Following the Russian Sputnik launch, in July 1960 he moved with other von Braun rocket scientists from the Army Ballistic Missile Agency to the newly founded NASA. There, as part of the Apollo moon-landing program, he made major contributions working on the Saturn V booster rocket, on aerothermodynamics, and on liquid hydrogen propellant systems. He subsequently was involved in numerous projects contributing to the nation's manned and unmanned space flight programs, especially Skylab and the Space Shuttle", "id": "21371186" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nthe NLS-1 core stage. The NLS program did not venture beyond the planning stages and did not survive the Presidency of Bill Clinton, which started in January 1993. In 1992, Daniel Goldin was selected to replace Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly as NASA administrator. Goldin championed the motto, \"faster, better, cheaper,\" which may not have fit the ambitious NLS vision. A NASA history from 1998 says that reusable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) rockets and space planes such as the McDonnell Douglas DC", "id": "11086743" }, { "contents": "Gary Hudson (engineer)\n\n\nGary Hudson has been involved in private spaceflight development for over 40 years. Hudson is best known as the founder of Rotary Rocket Company, which in spending ~$30 Million attempted to build a unique single stage to orbit launch vehicle known as the Roton. Rotary Rocket built a landing test simulator (the Roton ATV) which flew three successful test flights in 1999. He also helped found Transformational Space T/Space in 2004. He also helped found AirLaunch LLC which was awarded the DARPA/USAF FALCON project in 2003. Previous projects", "id": "10746924" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nof Space Shuttle Columbia touched down on Rogers Dry Lakebed, with Astronauts John Young and Robert Crippin successfully landing the first orbiting space vehicle ever to leave the Earth under rocket power and return to Earth aerodynamically for re-use. The \"Flying Wing\" returned to Edwards in the late 1980s when the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber began testing, and at a remote site, the F-117A Nighthawk stealth fighter. Air-Launched Cruise Missile, and LANTIRN systems were also tested during the 1980s. The 1990s saw the arrival of the Lockheed", "id": "14946576" }, { "contents": "Jerry Pournelle\n\n\nof making recommendation to the US Air Force on investment in technologies required to build the missile force to be deployed in 1975. After Project 75 was completed Pournelle became manager of several advanced concept studies. At North American Rockwell’s Space Division, Pournelle was associate director of operations research, where he took part in the Apollo program and general operations. He was founding President of the Pepperdine Research Institute. In 1989, Pournelle, Max Hunter, and retired Army Lieutenant General Daniel O. Graham made a presentation to then Vice President Dan", "id": "16491387" }, { "contents": "United States Air Force Plant 42\n\n\nby McDonnell Douglas, St. Louis, Missouri, and transported by aircraft to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. They were also transported by aircraft from Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility to the Kennedy Space Center. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration had been paying the Air Force for use of Plant 42 facilities for the shuttle work. NASA decided in February 2002 to shift space shuttle overhaul and modification work from Palmdale to Florida. Current projects include design, engineering, pre-production, production, modification, flight testing, servicing and repair", "id": "9173070" }, { "contents": "William C. Schwartz\n\n\nspace vehicles and orbital calculations. He was a member of the founding group within NAA involved with the development of space vehicles and which developed the Apollo program. In the early 1960s, he moved to The Martin Company (later Martin Marietta and now Lockheed Martin), where he managed three departments, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Human Factors for the missile developer. It was during this period that he became involved in laser research and development. Shortly after the invention of the laser in 1960, Martin recognized its potential in", "id": "13650865" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthat could lead to an SSTO vehicle. The one-third-size test craft was operated and maintained by a small team of three people based out of a trailer, and the craft was once relaunched less than 24 hours after landing. Although the test program was not without mishap (including a minor explosion), the DC-X demonstrated that the maintenance aspects of the concept were sound. That project was cancelled when it landed with three of four legs deployed, tipped over, and exploded on the fourth flight after", "id": "10328911" }, { "contents": "Marti Sarigul-Klijn\n\n\nDr. Marti Sarigul-Klijn is an expert at rapidly designing, fabricating, and test flying proof-of-concept prototypes. He holds a Ph.D. in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and is a graduate of the United States Naval Test Pilot School and the United States Naval Academy. After completing twenty years in the Navy with the final rank of Commander, he has since worked on over 20 design proposals that include aircraft, UAV's, rocket propulsion, and space launch vehicles. Seven of these proposals continued to", "id": "11065599" }, { "contents": "Jerauld R. Gentry\n\n\nJerauld Richard \"Jerry\" Gentry (May 16, 1935 – March 3, 2003) was a United States Air Force (USAF) test pilot and Vietnam combat veteran. As chief USAF pilot of the Lifting Body Research Program, he helped validate the concept of flying a wingless vehicle back to Earth from space and landing it like an aircraft—an approach used by the Space Shuttle and to a greater degree by vehicles such as the Lockheed Martin X-33 and NASA X-38. Gentry completed thirty lifting body flights including the first flight", "id": "21488944" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nlifting body shape, composite multi-lobed liquid fuel tanks, and the aerospike engine, NASA and Lockheed Martin hoped to test fly a craft that would demonstrate the viability of a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) design. A spacecraft capable of reaching orbit in a single stage would not require external fuel tanks or boosters to reach low Earth orbit. Doing away with the need for \"staging\" with launch vehicles, such as with the Shuttle and the Apollo rockets, would lead to an inherently more reliable", "id": "9997271" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfor a proposed SSTO. It is one of only a few prototype SSTO vehicles ever built. Several other prototypes were intended, including the DC-X2 (a half-scale prototype) and the DC-Y, a full-scale vehicle which would be capable of single stage insertion into orbit. Neither of these were built, but the project was taken over by NASA in 1995, and they built the DC-XA, an upgraded one-third scale prototype. This vehicle was lost when it landed with only", "id": "10328890" }, { "contents": "Landing gear\n\n\ne.g., the Space Shuttle, or the USAF X-37), landing gear have been largely absent from orbital vehicles during the early decades since the advent of spaceflight technology, when orbital space transport has been the exclusive preserve of national-monopoly governmental space programs. Each spaceflight system to date has relied on expendable boosters to begin each ascent to orbital velocity. Recent advances in private space transport, where new competition to governmental space initiatives has emerged, have included the explicit design of landing gear into orbital booster rockets. SpaceX has initiated", "id": "10876701" }, { "contents": "Eric Boe\n\n\ninvolves work with displays and controls for future space vehicles. He made his first trip to space as pilot of during STS-126 on November 14, 2008. Boe flew his second space flight as pilot on STS-133, the final scheduled flight of the Space Shuttle \"Discovery\" and the third-to-last flight of the Space Shuttle program. In August 2012, Boe was named Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office. In July 2015, NASA announced Boe as one of the first astronauts for U.S. Commercial spaceflights. Subsequently, he", "id": "14264618" }, { "contents": "Melvin B. Zisfein\n\n\nMelvin B. Zisfein (1926-1995) was an aircraft designer and a Deputy Director of the U.S. National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC. Zisfein graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with degrees in aeronautical engineering (B.S. 1948; M.S. 1948) and worked as a designer, aerodynamicist, and manager for aircraft companies from then until 1966. He was associate director of the Franklin Institute Research Laboratories from 1966 to 1971. From 1971 to 1982 he served as the deputy director of the National Air and Space Museum,", "id": "1801139" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nselected from the Air Force's test pilot cadre. Additionally, the AFTC assisted with the testing of rocket engines and re-entry vehicles. Along with the X-15, pilots at Edwards were expanding the frontiers of atmospheric flight, testing the XB-70 Valkyrie high-altitude bomber, along with the YF-12 interceptor for Air Defense Command and the SR-71 Blackbird Strategic Reconnaissance aircraft for Strategic Air Command. With the decline of the military manned space mission after the NASA Lunar Landing Program ended, the Aerospace Research Pilot School was once again re-", "id": "14946574" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nDC-X were hired by Blue Origin, and their New Shepard vehicle was inspired by the DC-X design. Blue Origin does not require the high cross range capabilities, and therefore uses a base-first re-entry profile. Also, the DC-X provided inspiration for many elements of Armadillo Aerospace's, Masten Space Systems's, and TGV Rockets's spacecraft designs. Some NASA engineers believe that the DC-X could provide a solution for a crewed Mars lander. Had a DC-type craft been", "id": "15420693" }, { "contents": "Rockwell X-30\n\n\nThe Rockwell X-30 was an advanced technology demonstrator project for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP), part of a United States project to create a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spacecraft and passenger spaceliner. It was cancelled in the early 1990s before a prototype was completed, although much development work in advanced materials and aerospace design was completed. While a goal of a future NASP was a passenger liner capable of two-hour flights from Washington to Tokyo, the X-30 was planned for a crew of", "id": "16588465" }, { "contents": "SpaceDev\n\n\nSpaceDev, a part of the \"Space Systems Business\" of Sierra Nevada Corporation, is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work. It designed and built components for the hybrid rocket motors for Paul Allen's Tier One suborbital SpaceShipOne space program operated by Scaled Composites. It is also developing micro- and nano-satellites, a small expendable launch vehicle, the SpaceDev Streaker, and has designed a piloted suborbital and orbital spaceship of its own, the SpaceDev Dream Chaser, in collaboration with NASA. SpaceDev is based near San Diego in", "id": "16321029" }, { "contents": "Glenn L. Martin Company\n\n\nby the American space program as one of its first satellite booster rockets as part of Project Vanguard. The Vanguard was the first American space exploration rocket designed from scratch to be an orbital launch vehicle — rather than being a modified sounding rocket (like the Juno I) or a ballistic missile (like the U.S. Army's Redstone missile). Martin also designed and manufactured the huge and heavily armed Titan I and LGM-25C Titan II Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). Martin Company of Orlando, Florida, was the prime contractor for", "id": "10667744" }, { "contents": "Shuttlecraft (Star Trek)\n\n\nplanetary surface and space. Wernher Von Braun in the 1950s conceived of a reusable winged spacecraft as a ferry rocket. Plans for such vehicles were referred to as \"DC-3\" by spacecraft designer Maxime Faget and Integrated Launch and Reentry Vehicle (ILRV) by NASA. During the late 1960s, while \"\" was being broadcast, these concepts became known as Space Shuttle. In a speech given to the British Interplanetary Society in August 1968 George Mueller, head of the NASA Office of Manned Space Flight, mentioned the need for a", "id": "13203374" }, { "contents": "The Aerospace Corporation\n\n\n. Gen. Bernard A. Schriever announced the \"formation of a new nonprofit organization, The Aerospace Corporation, to serve the Air Force in the scientific and technical planning and management of missile-space programs.\" Among the earliest projects it supported were the Dyna-Soar orbital spaceplane, Project Mercury, and the man-rating of the Atlas (rocket) intercontinental ballistic missile. The Aerospace Corporation provided general systems engineering and technical direction for the Titan II missile, first tested in 1962, which became the launch vehicle for Project Gemini", "id": "15141218" }, { "contents": "Timothy Creamer\n\n\nPrior to his astronaut selection in 1998, he had been working as a space operations officer, with the Army Space Command, stationed in Houston, Texas. He is now the Army’s NASA Detachment commander. Creamer was assigned to NASA at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in July 1995 as a Space Shuttle vehicle integration test engineer. His duties primarily involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle. He was actively involved in the integrated tests of the systems for each Orbiter for its preparations for its", "id": "7264360" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nof the rocket, the Clipper Graham soared into the skies over the old White Sands Missile Range to a height of 3,120 meters (10,300 ft) and stayed in the air for over two minutes before landing. That flight was the highest and longest the vehicle had ever flown until then. Robert A. Heinlein dedicated his 1985 novel The Cat Who Walks Through Walls to Graham and eight of the other members of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy. Graham was chairman of the American Space Frontier Committee, the Coalition for", "id": "5770554" }, { "contents": "SpaceX\n\n\nhas one of the largest concentrations of aerospace headquarters, facilities, and/or subsidiaries in the U.S., including Boeing/McDonnell Douglas main satellite building campuses, Aerospace Corp., Raytheon, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Air Force Space Command's Space and Missile Systems Center at Los Angeles Air Force Base, Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems, Northrop Grumman, and AECOM, etc., with a large pool of aerospace engineers and recent college engineering graduates. SpaceX utilizes a high degree of vertical integration in the production of its rockets and rocket", "id": "10001424" }, { "contents": "William H. Gerstenmaier\n\n\n1980, Gerstenmaier moved to Houston, Texas, to work at the Johnson Space Center, researching propulsion related to the Space Shuttle, and was involved in the earliest phases of the International Space Station design. In 1984, he was a semi-finalist in the selection for NASA Astronaut Group 10. In 1988, he first served as manager of Space Shuttle Program Integration, and then went on to serve as head of the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle Operations Office. Following that, he became Director of Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom", "id": "13055214" }, { "contents": "Bruno Augenstein\n\n\nBruno Wilhelm Augenstein (March 16, 1923 – July 6, 2005) was a German-born mathematician and physicist who made important contributions in space technology, ballistic missile research, satellites, antimatter, and many other areas. Augenstein worked in the Aerophysics Laboratory at North American Aviation on diverse projects including weaponization of the V-2 rocket, a ramjet-powered vehicle that later became the Navajo missile. He entered RAND Corporation as a consultant and subcontractor in 1949. Initially at RAND he developed an interest in long range missiles. Augenstein", "id": "1664472" }, { "contents": "Robert R. Gilruth\n\n\nRobert Rowe Gilruth (October 8, 1913 – August 17, 2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. He worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics from 1937 to 1958 and its successor NASA, until his retirement in 1973. He was involved with early research into supersonic flight and rocket-powered aircraft, and then with the United States manned space program, including the Mercury, Gemini", "id": "19875506" } ]

[ { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nMaxwell White Hunter II (March 11, 1922 – November 10, 2001) was a prominent American aerospace engineer. He worked on the design of the Douglas B-42 and Douglas B-43 bombers, the Honest John, Nike-Ajax, and Nike-Zeus missiles, the Thor IRBM, and on parts of the Strategic Defense Initiative. In later years he worked on space-launch vehicles and was a proponent of Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) designs. He was honored in 1995 by the National Space Society", "id": "13829898" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvariety of projects including parts of the mammoth Strategic Defense Initiative. SDI gave him a chance at realizing a dream he had nurtured since the 1960s: the construction of a Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle. In 1984, Hunter proposed a vehicle he called the X-rocket, based on those earlier SSTO designs. The design was reviewed by LMSC's Astronautics Division (AD), which judged it worth pursuing, and by its Missile Systems Division (MSD), which did not. LMSC then", "id": "13829902" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\npayloads into Earth orbit today. After working for Douglas Aircraft from 1944 to 1961, Hunter joined the staff of the National Aeronautics and Space Council, a group that advised the U.S. president on space policy. Following several years in that position, he went back to the aerospace industry in 1965, spending over two decades with Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (LMSC). (LMSC was a division of Lockheed Corporation, which merged with Martin Marietta in 1995 to become Lockheed-Martin.) At LMSC, Hunter worked on a", "id": "13829901" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nspace systems. In this position he oversaw the production of military missiles including the Honest John artillery rocket, the Nike antiaircraft missile, and the Sparrow air-to-air missile. Douglas Aircraft began work on the Thor, an early Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM), in late 1955 and put Hunter in charge of that program. He assembled a small team of crack designers and brought the development to success in a short time. Thor became the basis of the McDonnell Douglas Delta rocket, whose descendants are still boosting", "id": "13829900" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nand High Frontier convinced SDI management and other national officials that a study should be initiated to determine once and for all the feasibility of SSTO vehicles for military missions. This led to a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) program to design a single-stage vehicle that could replace military satellites on short notice during a national emergency. This vehicle was known as the Delta Clipper. McDonnell Douglas Corporation was contracted to build and test fly a one-third-scale, suborbital testbed called the DC-X, or Delta Clipper", "id": "13829904" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvehicle tipped over at landing. Funding to make repairs and continue flight tests was not made available. Max Hunter continued to advise on space policy issues and advocate the building of SSTO vehicles for airline-like access to space, a goal he was sure could be attained. He chaired the Rules Committee for the Ansari X Prize, announced in 1996, a $10 million prize for the first reusable craft to reach space twice within two weeks without substantial refit. In October 2000, he agreed to serve as Chairman of the", "id": "13829906" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nExperimental. While not capable of spaceflight, the DC-X incorporated many of the technologies needed for an SSTO vehicle, including highly automated systems enabling a quick turnaround (just twenty-six hours) between launches. It made eight successful test flights between August 18, 1993, and July 7, 1995, and then was taken over by NASA and flown four times as the DC-XA between May 18 and July 31, 1996. It was damaged on its last flight when one landing strut failed to deploy and the", "id": "13829905" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nfor lifelong contributions to the technology of spaceflight. Maxwell Hunter was born in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania and graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in that state with a degree in physics and mathematics. In 1944, he earned a Master's Degree in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). After earning his MS from MIT, Hunter went to work for the Douglas Aircraft Company. He became their chief designer in aeronautics, working on modifications of the B-42 and B-43 bombers. Later he was promoted to chief engineer for", "id": "13829899" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\ndeclined to support further work on the X-rocket, and Hunter retired. As an independent consultant, he renamed the concept SSX (for Space Ship Experimental), and began to refine it. In December 1988 the ad hoc Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy was briefed on the concept by Hunter and others. The general concept was endorsed by the Council and by High Frontier, Inc., a Washington-based group headed by Lt. Gen. Daniel O. Graham that lobbied for SDI programs. Working together, Hunter", "id": "13829903" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nAdvisory Board for the Undersea Hotel Project of the Cala Corporation. He died at Stanford Hospital, Stanford, California on the evening of November 10, 2001 after a lingering illness. Max Hunter was Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Beta Pi, and a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), the American Astronautical Society (AAS), and the British Interplanetary Society (BIS). He was also a member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) and an honorary member of the Japanese Rocket Society", "id": "13829907" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nThe DC-X, short for Delta Clipper or Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed prototype of a reusable single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle built by McDonnell Douglas in conjunction with the United States Department of Defense's Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) from 1991 to 1993. Starting 1994 until 1995, testing continued through funding of the US civil space agency NASA. In 1996, the DC-X technology was completely transferred to NASA, which upgraded the design for improved performance to create the DC-XA", "id": "15420672" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nvehicles was prepared by Chrysler Corporation's Space Division in 1970–1971 under NASA contract NAS8-26341. Their proposal (Shuttle SERV) was an enormous vehicle with more than of payload, utilizing jet engines for (vertical) landing. While the technical problems seemed to be solvable, the USAF required a winged design that led to the Shuttle as we know it today. The uncrewed DC-X technology demonstrator, originally developed by McDonnell Douglas for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program office, was an attempt to build a vehicle", "id": "10328910" }, { "contents": "David Urie\n\n\nsystem before initiating and heading the Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) and X-33 Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Programs at Lockheed. Urie's work as the program manager for the previously classified Have Region project demonstrated that rocket-powered single-stage-to-orbit vehicles were technically feasible, which led to the Lockheed Martin SSTO design approach. As a Director of the Lockheed-Martin Skunk Works SSTO/RLV Advanced Technology Demonstration Program, Urie conceived and developed the aerospike rocket propelled lifting body that was selected by NASA as", "id": "20876395" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nearly stages of flight; and flight within Earth's atmosphere, which limits speed in the early stages of flight and influences engine performance. Additionally, the retirement of NASA's Shuttle launch vehicle has resulted in a substantial reduction in the cost to launch a kilogram of payload to either low Earth orbit or the International Space Station, removing the main projected advantage of the SSTO concept. Notable single stage to orbit concepts include Skylon, the DC-X, the Lockheed Martin X-33, and the Roton SSTO. However, despite showing", "id": "10328885" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nThe Lockheed Martin X-33 was an uncrewed, sub-scale technology demonstrator suborbital spaceplane developed in the 1990s under the U.S. government-funded Space Launch Initiative program. The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for the VentureStar orbital spaceplane, which was planned to be a next-generation, commercially operated reusable launch vehicle. The X-33 would flight-test a range of technologies that NASA believed it needed for single-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicles (SSTO RLVs), such as metallic thermal protection systems, composite cryogenic fuel tanks", "id": "9997267" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n. During the 1960s some of the first concept designs for this kind of craft began to emerge. One of the earliest SSTO concepts was the expendable One stage Orbital Space Truck (OOST) proposed by Philip Bono, an engineer for Douglas Aircraft Company. A reusable version named ROOST was also proposed. Another early SSTO concept was a reusable launch vehicle named NEXUS which was proposed by Krafft Arnold Ehricke in the early 1960s. It was one of the largest spacecraft ever conceptualized with a diameter of over 50 metres and the capability to", "id": "10328887" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n. According to writer Jerry Pournelle: \"DC-X was conceived in my living room and sold to National Space Council Chairman Dan Quayle by General Graham, Max Hunter and me.\" According to Max Hunter, however, he had tried hard to convince Lockheed Martin of the concept's value for several years before he retired. Hunter had written a paper in 1985 entitled \"The Opportunity\", detailing the concept of a Single-Stage-To-Orbit spacecraft built with low-cost \"off-the-shelf", "id": "15420673" }, { "contents": "Rob Meyerson\n\n\nInitiative contract with NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. Meyerson launched his career as an aerospace engineer at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) from 1985 to 1997 working on human spaceflight systems, including the aerodynamic design of the Space Shuttle orbiter drag parachute, as well as the overall design, integration, and flight test of a gliding parachute for the X-38 Crew Rescue Vehicle, a crew return vehicle designed to return astronauts to earth from the International Space Station. Meyerson began with NASA in 1985 as a cooperative education student at JSC", "id": "8603673" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nfor the X-33 was selected over competing concepts from Boeing and McDonnell Douglas. Boeing proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design, and McDonnell Douglas proposed a design based on its vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL) DC-XA test vehicle. The uncrewed X-33 was slated to fly 15 suborbital hops to near 75.8 km altitude. It was to be launched upright like a rocket and rather than having a straight flight path it would fly diagonally up for half the flight, reaching extremely high altitudes, and then for the rest of the", "id": "9997274" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nThe methodologies were later adopted as a standard by the Air Transport Association. He later joined the Thor missile project as the chief design engineer, and this introduced him to the world of space launchers. With new upper stages, Thor became the Delta, one of the most-used launchers in the 1960s. In spite of Thor's success, Hunter was dissatisfied with the state of the launcher market and later wrote that \"by the end of 1963 the state of recoverable rockets was terrible.\" He was convinced that as", "id": "7750830" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nit the DC-X for Delta Clipper Experimental. The name honored the firm's successful Thor/Delta rocket and recalled the famous 19th-century commercial clipper ships. The McDonnell Douglas SSTO team saw the Delta Clipper as opening the \"space trade routes in the same way that the Yankee Clipper ships opened the sea trade routes.\" The needs of the commercial launch industry thus were integral to the thinking of the McDonnell Douglas DC-X team. General Graham envisioned the DC-X as the perfect inexpensive launch and delivery", "id": "5770549" }, { "contents": "George Huebner\n\n\nproduce intercontinental ballistic missiles. Huebner was named executive engineer in charge of Chrysler's Missile Branch. At the time he was serving as executive engineer of research for Chrysler in their automotive division. He developed a complete research and development missile facility that included engineering, testing, and production of the Redstone rocket. These rockets ultimately launched into orbit the first U.S. satellites and the first manned space flights. Huebner worked closely with Wernher von Braun on the space program. For two years he worked on this rocket project and then went back", "id": "15004097" }, { "contents": "Reusable launch system\n\n\nthe McDonnell Douglas Delta Clipper VTOL SSTO proposal progressed to the testing phase. The DC-X prototype demonstrated rapid turnaround time and automatic computer control. In mid-1990, British research evolved an earlier HOTOL design into the far more promising Skylon design, which remains in development. From the commercial side, Rocketplane Kistler and Rotary Rocket attempted to build reusable privately developed rockets before going bankrupt. NASA proposed risky reusable concepts to replace the Shuttle technology, to be demonstrated under the X-33 and X-34 programs, which were both cancelled in the early", "id": "19421229" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\na number of SSTO advocates to reconsider hydrogen as a satisfactory fuel. The late Max Hunter, while employing hydrogen fuel in the DC-X, often said that he thought the first successful orbital SSTO would more likely be fueled by propane. Some SSTO concepts use the same engine for all altitudes, which is a problem for traditional engines with a bell-shaped nozzle. Depending on the atmospheric pressure, different bell shapes are optimal. Engines operating in the lower atmosphere have shorter bells than those designed to work in vacuum.", "id": "10328899" }, { "contents": "George Mueller (NASA)\n\n\ndesigns ranged from 'simple' concepts like Martin Marietta's six person reusable craft similar to the Dyna-Soar (launched by a Titan III-M), to partially reusable concepts like Lockheed's Star Clipper or Tip Tank from McDonnell Douglas, to fully reusable two-stage vehicles like the one proposed by General Dynamics. Following this symposium Mueller continued to champion a \"space shuttle\". He did not invent the term, but he made it his own. He was also a keen proponent of space stations and was", "id": "16249187" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nIn October 2000, Beal Aerospace ceased operations citing a decision by NASA and the Department of Defense to commit themselves to the development of the competing government-financed EELV program. In 1998 Rotary Rocket proposed the Roton, a Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) piloted Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) space transport. A full scale Roton Atmospheric Test Vehicle flew three times in 1999. After spending tens of millions of dollars in development the Roton failed to secure launch contracts and Rotary Rocket ceased operations in 2001. On", "id": "288621" }, { "contents": "List of human spaceflight programs\n\n\ncommissioned by the Russian Aerospace Agency since 1993. The Kankoh-maru (観光丸? Kankōmaru) is the name of a proposed vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL), single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), reusable launch system (rocket-powered spacecraft). The Ansari X Prize was a space competition in which the X Prize Foundation offered a US$10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable crewed spacecraft into space twice within two weeks. Twenty-six teams from around the world", "id": "19978394" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nby 2016, and some space ventures have had to turn away investor funding. After earlier first effort of OTRAG, in the 1990s the projection of a significant demand for communications satellite launches attracted the development of a number of commercial space launch providers. The launch demand largely vanished when some of the largest satellite constellations, such as 288 satellite Teledesic network, were never built. In 1996 NASA selected Lockheed Martin Skunk Works to build the X-33 VentureStar prototype for a single stage to orbit (SSTO) reusable launch vehicle. In 1999", "id": "288619" }, { "contents": "James Smith McDonnell\n\n\nMcDonnell Aircraft Corporation in 1939. Headquartered in St. Louis, the company quickly grew into a principal supplier of fighter aircraft to the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy, including the F-4 Phantom II fighter and the Mercury and Gemini space capsules. In 1967, McDonnell Aircraft merged with the Douglas Aircraft Company to create McDonnell Douglas. Later that year Douglas Aircraft Company's space and missiles division became part of a new subsidiary called McDonnell Douglas Astronautics, located in Huntington Beach, California, producing the Delta series of launch vehicles. The new", "id": "21028393" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\ndeath, the first launch vehicle based on his designs, the McDonnell Douglas DC-X (Delta Clipper) began a largely successful series of test flights. The DC-X was a vertical-takeoff and vertical landing vehicle. The series of test flights began on 18 August 1993 and continued until the upgraded version of the launch vehicle (renamed the DC-XA) tipped over on landing on July 31, 1996. Among Bono's visionary designs was a 1960 Boeing design for a manned Mars spacecraft capable of carrying a", "id": "3522773" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\neight Block II satellites for flights on the new Delta II expendable Medium Launch Vehicle in lieu of the Space Shuttle. Space Division awarded the Medium Launch Vehicle (MLV) contract to McDonnell-Douglas Astronautics Company on 21 January 1987. However, unlike earlier commercial arrangements, the company would no longer be under contract to NASA. Under the new Commercial Expendable Launch Vehicle program encouraged by president Ronald Reagan since 1983, McDonnell-Douglas would be responsible for producing, marketing and launching its commercial Delta IIs. The Air Force would be", "id": "19923501" }, { "contents": "Mel Hunter\n\n\nfor the years 1960-1962. As Hunter's science fiction career blossomed, so did his technical and scientific illustrations. Hunter's love of air and space took him from California's desert runways to Florida's seacoast launchpads to illustrate every variety of jet-age aircraft and space-age rocket imaginable—from X-15 to Saturn V. One of Hunter's best-known books is \"The Missilemen\", a photo illustrated work published in 1960 by Doubleday. Hunter visited U.S. rocket and missile sites during the late 1950s; he", "id": "20560131" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\na single-stage-to-orbit vehicle. Five companies expressed interest and proposed concepts. Three (LM, Rockwell and McDonnell Douglas) were selected for workup into more detailed proposals. Rockwell proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design. It would have used one Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) and two RL-10-5A engines. In a subsequent full-scale system to reach orbit Rockwell planned to use six Rocketdyne RS-2100 engines. McDonnell Douglas featured a design using liquid oxygen/hydrogen bell engines based on its vertical takeoff", "id": "9997282" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\nresearch ways to make more efficient use of the wing surface during high-speed maneuvers. The Directorate is also a collaborator with DARPA, the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Sandia National Laboratories and AFRL's Space Vehicles Directorate on the FALCON program, which includes the HTV-3X Blackswift hypersonic flight demonstration vehicle. The Air Vehicles Directorate also collaborated with NASA and Boeing on the initial work for the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle and the 80% scaled version, X-40A Space Maneuver Vehicle, prior to the classification of the program and", "id": "1842734" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nparts for re-use. After landing the vehicle would be refit, mated with another tank, and be ready for another mission. Hunter moved to Lockheed in the fall of 1965. On his first day he was asked if there was anything Lockheed should be looking at, and he immediately suggested development of his stage-and-a-half design. His suggestions caught the ear of Eugene Root, president of Lockheed Missiles and Space, who gave him the go-ahead to study what became known as the Star", "id": "7750834" }, { "contents": "PGM-17 Thor\n\n\ndeployment as a missile a few years after deployment, the Thor rocket found widespread use as a space launch vehicle. It was the first in a large family of space launch vehicles—the Delta rockets. The last remaining descendant of the Thor, the Delta II, was retired in 2018, and the Delta IV is based on entirely new technology, unlike the Delta II. see Project Emily Stations and Squadrons Family: Thor IRBM, Thor DM-18 (single stage LV); Thor DM-19 (rocket 1st stage), Thor", "id": "15220989" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthree of its four landing pads deployed, which caused it to tip over on its side and explode. The project has not been continued since. From 1999 to 2001 Rotary Rocket attempted to build a SSTO vehicle called the Roton. It received a large amount of media attention and a working sub-scale prototype was completed, but the design was largely impractical. There have been various approaches to SSTO, including pure rockets that are launched and land vertically, air-breathing scramjet-powered vehicles that are launched and land horizontally", "id": "10328891" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\n. The facilities for testing rockets are frequently used for testing new rocket engines including the RS-68 rocket engine developed for use on the Delta IV launch vehicle. The space propulsion area also develops technologies for use in satellites on-orbit to alter their orbits. An AFRL-developed experimental Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) arcjet was flown on the ARGOS satellite in 1999 as part of the Air Force Space Test Program. The Directorate currently manages the X-51A program, which is developing a scramjet demonstration vehicle. The X-51 program is working", "id": "1842749" }, { "contents": "Laurel van der Wal\n\n\nhonors. Her graduate education was funded in part by a National Research Council fellowship to study aeronautics in Stockholm, Sweden. As a young engineer van der Wal worked at Douglas Aircraft as a data analyst on the Nike missile program, and later designing missile systems for the Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation. Starting in 1958, she was the project engineer on three MIA (Mouse-in-Able) launches from Cape Canaveral, as head of bioastronautics at Space Technology Laboratories. She was named the \"Los Angeles Times\"'s \"", "id": "12236594" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nThe National Launch System (or New Launch System) was a study authorized in 1991 by President George H. W. Bush to outline alternatives to the Space Shuttle for access to Earth orbit. Shortly thereafter, NASA asked Lockheed Missiles and Space, McDonnell Douglas, and TRW to perform a ten-month study. A series of launch vehicles was proposed, based around the proposed Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) liquid-fuel rocket engine. The STME was to be a simplified, expendable version of the Space Shuttle main engine (", "id": "11086741" }, { "contents": "Michael R. Clifford\n\n\nfrom the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and was designated an experimental test pilot. In December 1995, Clifford retired from the army. As a military officer, Clifford was assigned to the Johnson Space Center in July 1987. As a Space Shuttle Vehicle Integration engineer, his duties involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle Program. He was involved in design certification and integration of the Shuttle Crew Escape System, and was an executive board member of the Solid Rocket Booster Postflight Assessment Team. Selected as an astronaut", "id": "18151051" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n. In the Shuttle development effort he led a team working on vehicle aerodynamics and the main engines, which included developing full-scale component tests and scaling methodologies, and applying computational fluid dynamics to overcome a wide range of aerothermochemistry problems. He was Chief of the Aerophysics Division at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center until 1992, when he became Chief Aerodynamicist at the NASA Center. He was awarded the AIAA Aerodynamics Award in 1997 for his exceptional lifetime contributions to the aerodynamic design and analysis of strategic missiles and manned/unmanned launch", "id": "21371187" }, { "contents": "Robert A. Heinlein\n\n\noften in his fiction, as do fictitious strikable self-lighting cigarettes. In 1980 Robert Heinlein was a member of the Citizens Advisory Council on National Space Policy, chaired by Jerry Pournelle, which met at the home of SF writer Larry Niven to write space policy papers for the incoming Reagan Administration. Members included such aerospace industry leaders as former astronaut Buzz Aldrin, General Daniel O. Graham, aerospace engineer Max Hunter and North American Rockwell VP for Space Shuttle development George Merrick. Policy recommendations from the Council included ballistic missile defense concepts", "id": "5599733" }, { "contents": "Wernher von Braun\n\n\nUnited States, along with about 1,600 other German scientists, engineers, and technicians, as part of Operation Paperclip. He worked for the United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) program, and he developed the rockets that launched the United States' first space satellite Explorer 1. His group was assimilated into NASA, where he served as director of the newly formed Marshall Space Flight Center and as the chief architect of the Saturn V super heavy-lift launch vehicle that propelled the Apollo spacecraft to the", "id": "15033628" }, { "contents": "Jarvis (rocket)\n\n\nJarvis was a proposed American medium-lift launch vehicle for space launch, designed by Hughes Aircraft and Boeing during the mid-1980s as part of the joint United States Air Force (USAF)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Launch System (ALS) study. Intended to utilize engines and tooling in storage from the Saturn V rocket program along with Space Shuttle components, and projected to be capable of carrying up to six satellites into multiple orbits using a single launch (e.g. GPS constellation), the proposal failed to meet the ALS", "id": "15822979" }, { "contents": "Robert F. Overmyer\n\n\nMarch 1988, he joined the Space Station Team at McDonnell Douglas Aerospace, where he led crew and operations activities for seven years. He retired from McDonnell Douglas in April 1995 and expanded the scope of Mach Twenty Five International, continuing his aerospace consultation work as well as speaking engagements and writing. Overmyer continued his career as a general aviation test pilot. Having former experience with aeronautical testing at both U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School and NASA, he joined Minnesota-based aircraft manufacturer Cirrus Design (now called Cirrus Aircraft) as", "id": "19963429" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n, nuclear-powered vehicles, and even jet-engine-powered vehicles that can fly into orbit and return landing like an airliner, completely intact. For rocket-powered SSTO, the main challenge is achieving a high enough mass-ratio to carry sufficient propellant to achieve orbit, plus a meaningful payload weight. One possibility is to give the rocket an initial speed with a space gun, as planned in the Quicklaunch project. For air-breathing SSTO, the main challenge is system complexity and associated research and development costs", "id": "10328892" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfuel for increasing efficiency once in space. Further examples of Bono's early concepts (prior to the 1990s) which were never constructed include: Around 1985 the NASP project was intended to launch a scramjet vehicle into orbit, but funding was stopped and the project cancelled. At around the same time, the HOTOL tried to use precooled jet engine technology, but failed to show significant advantages over rocket technology. The DC-X, short for Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed one-third scale vertical takeoff and landing demonstrator", "id": "10328889" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nShuttle design. The detailed study of the cost advantages of the drop tank design demonstrated a dramatic reduction in development risk, and as a result, development costs. When funding for STS development was cut, the drop tank was taken up as a way to meet the developmental budgets, leading to the semi-reusable Space Shuttle design. Maxwell Hunter was working at Douglas Aircraft where he formalized the calculation of aircraft operation economics. His methodologies were first published in 1940, and were later applied to the Douglas DC-6 and DC-7.", "id": "7750829" }, { "contents": "Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle\n\n\nThe Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle, designed for NASA's Project Mercury, was the first American crewed space booster. It was used for six sub-orbital Mercury flights from 1960–61; culminating with the launch of the first, and 11 weeks later, the second American (and the second and third humans) in space. The four subsequent Mercury human spaceflights used the more powerful Atlas booster to enter low Earth orbit. A member of the Redstone rocket family, it was derived from the U.S. Army's Redstone ballistic missile and", "id": "11828011" }, { "contents": "British Aerospace HOTOL\n\n\nspace launch system. In 1982, British Aerospace (BAe), which was Europe's principal satellite-builder, began studying a prospective new launch system with the aim of providing launch costs that were 20 per cent of the American Space Shuttle operated by NASA. BAe became aware of work by British engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce on a suitable engine, and soon conceived of an unmanned, fully reuseable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) winged spaceplane as a launch vehicle. Thus, the project had soon became", "id": "14493503" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\nrole in the civilian NASA Project Mercury, Project Gemini and Project Apollo manned space programs along with military Space Shuttle flights. The mission of the unit today is performed by the 45th Space Wing (no direct lineage). Activated in December 1950, replacing 550th Guided Missiles Wing. the 6555th had a distinguished career launching and/or managing ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and payloads for the Ballistic Systems Division, the Space Systems Division and the Space & Missile Systems Organization. As a Wing or a Group, the 6555th earned ten Air", "id": "19923442" }, { "contents": "William H. Dana\n\n\ncontributions to the lifting body program, Dana received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal. In 1976 he received the Haley Space Flight Award from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) for his research work on the M2-F3 lifting body control systems. A member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Dana is the author of several technical papers. In 1993, he was inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Honor. During the X-15 program, eight pilots flew above 264,000 feet or 50 miles, thereby qualifying as astronauts according to", "id": "8766846" }, { "contents": "USAF Hunter-Killer\n\n\nHunter-Killer is an unofficial project name based upon an \"Aviation Week & Space Technology\" article. The U.S. Air Force's Hunter-Killer program was a tactical unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV) procurement program. The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, a variant of the MQ-1 Predator won the project and was deployed in Afghanistan. This is the U.S. Air Force program for which several companies have developed vehicles. Although the J-UCAS concept is a long way from the early idea of a \"reusable cruise missile\",", "id": "18825446" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nlong as launchers were thrown away, access to space would never be affordable. Several companies had already completed early feasibility studies of fully reusable spacecraft, like the Martin Marietta Astrorocket and Douglas Astro. The designs used two flyback stages, one of which flew back to the launch point, while the other flew into orbit and landed after its mission. Hunter thought that any such design was tantamount to making two aircraft to do the job of one, and it was only the upper stage that was of any real use. By", "id": "7750831" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\ndirector of the CIA under Director William Colby and from 1974–1976 he was the director of the DIA. Ronald Reagan called upon General Graham to be his military advisor for his 1976 and 1980 campaigns. General Graham is a member of the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame. In later years, Graham devoted a lot of time to the research and development of Single-Stage To Orbit (SSTO) spacecraft in conjunction with NASA. McDonnell Douglas was awarded a contract to build an SSTO test vehicle on August 16, 1991, and named", "id": "5770548" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nBased on its experience working with Minuteman assets, Space Vector was tasked by Lockheed in 1980 to help develop the Homing Overlay Experiment (HOE) booster for the U.S. Army which would go on to become the first successful hit-to-kill intercept of a mock ballistic missile warhead outside the Earth’s atmosphere. This technology was later used by the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and expanded into the Exoatmospheric Reentry-vehicle Interception System (ERIS) program. In 1982 Space Vector was tapped by Space Services Inc. of America (", "id": "7487030" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nPhilip Bono (13 January 1921 – 23 May 1993) was a Douglas Aircraft Company engineer. He was a pioneer of reusable vertical landing single-stage to orbit launch vehicles. As a visionary designer, he is credited with inventing the first version of a recoverable single-stage spacecraft booster, and his contributions influenced spacecraft design. Bono pursued single-stage space launch as simpler and cheaper. He realized to do this he would need to use high specific impulse liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engines. Afterwards he proposed to", "id": "3522770" }, { "contents": "Vance D. Coffman\n\n\nin Aerospace Engineering of Iowa State University (ISU). Coffman had three brothers, all of which studied at ISU within the engineering and science departments. Coffman has Master's and Doctorate graduate in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University. In 1967, Coffman joined Lockheed Martin Corporation's Space Systems Division, working on the development of space programs and data processing systems for the corporation. By 1988 he was president of the Space Systems Division. He directed the Hubble Space Telescope project for Lockheed. By 1998 he was the chairman and", "id": "11284872" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n\" commercial parts and currently-available technology, but Lockheed Martin was not interested enough to fund such a program themselves. On February 15, 1989, Pournelle, Graham and Hunter were able to procure a meeting with Vice-President Dan Quayle. They \"sold\" the idea to SDIO by noting that any space-based weapons system would need to be serviced by a spacecraft that was far more reliable than the Space Shuttle, and offer lower launch costs and have much better turnaround times. Given the uncertainties of the design", "id": "15420674" }, { "contents": "Abdul Majid (physicist)\n\n\nand joined Pakistan's Space Program as a researcher in astrophysics and aeronautical labs. Majid worked under the supervision of noted Pakistani-Polish military scientist and aeronautical engineer, Air Commodore W. J. M. Turowicz, in the field of Rocket Technology and published numerous research papers. He is credited for the design and developed the Hypersonic Rocket Launch Vehicle or Hatf Missiles Series during his stay at SUPARCO. In 1983, Dr Majid was put in-charge of Satellite Development Program of Pakistan. He is widely credited for the indigenous development and launching", "id": "14780917" }, { "contents": "Martin Knutson\n\n\n's aging fleet of F-104 support aircraft with F/A-18 Hornets. He also provided leadership for numerous flight research projects including the X-29 forward-swept-wing technology demonstrator; the Controlled Impact Demonstration, the F-15 Digital Electronic Engine Control project that integrated propulsion and flight controls, the Pegasus air-launched rocket for placing small payloads into low-Earth orbit; the CV-990 Landing Systems Research aircraft that tested improved braking systems for the space shuttle; and the F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle. After the Air Force announced the impending retirement", "id": "2519508" }, { "contents": "Pioneer Rocketplane\n\n\nMissile Range Officers’ Club on May 12, 1993. The original concept was developed by then Air Force Captain Mitchell Burnside Clapp, who envisioned an aerial refueled, rocket-powered single-stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicle using jet fuel and hydrogen peroxide. This concept seemed a natural match for the Air Force's TransAtmospheric Vehicle (TAV) mission and studies began at the USAF Phillips Laboratory. Aerospace engineering legend Burt Rutan and noted aircraft designer Dan Raymer contributed input to the development of the design. During the winter of", "id": "17524030" }, { "contents": "Thor (rocket family)\n\n\nThor was a US space launch vehicle derived from the PGM-17 Thor intermediate-range ballistic missile. The Thor rocket was the first member of the Delta rocket family of space launch vehicles. The last launch of a direct derivative of the Thor missile occurred in 2018 as the first stage of the final Delta II. Thor was first used as a launch vehicle during the testing program of the warhead reentry vehicle for the Atlas missile. For these three tests a Thor core stage was topped by the Able second stage. Able used the", "id": "21158637" }, { "contents": "Boeing X-37\n\n\nThe Boeing X-37, also known as the Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), is a reusable robotic spacecraft. It is boosted into space by a launch vehicle, then re-enters Earth's atmosphere and lands as a spaceplane. The X-37 is operated by the United States Air Force for orbital spaceflight missions intended to demonstrate reusable space technologies. It is a 120%-scaled derivative of the earlier Boeing X-40. The X-37 began as a NASA project in 1999, before being transferred to the U.S. Department of Defense in 2004. Its first", "id": "12510871" }, { "contents": "LGM-25C Titan II\n\n\nThe Titan II was an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and space launcher developed by the Glenn L. Martin Company from the earlier Titan I missile. Titan II was originally designed and used as an ICBM, but was later adapted as a medium-lift space launch vehicle to carry payloads to Earth orbit for the United States Air Force (USAF), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Those payloads included the USAF Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), NOAA weather", "id": "10861471" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\non the X-33 experience shared with NASA, Lockheed Martin hoped to make the business case for a full-scale SSTO RLV, called VentureStar, that would be developed and operated through commercial means. The intention was that rather than operate space transport systems as it has with the Space Shuttle, NASA would instead look to private industry to operate the reusable launch vehicle and NASA would purchase launch services from the commercial launch provider. Thus, the X-33 was not only about honing space flight technologies, but also about successfully demonstrating the technology", "id": "9997276" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nmake these vehicles reusable. From his ROOST design onwards Bono advocated space launch vehicles without wings, usually using rocket assisted vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL). According to his estimates, wings consisted mostly of dead weight that decreased launch payload mass. He patented a reusable plug nozzle rocket engine which had dual use as a heat shield for atmospheric reentry. His early 1960s concepts influenced later designs like the 1990s Delta Clipper, also from Douglas. Philip Bono was born in Brooklyn, New York on 13 January 1921. He graduated", "id": "3522771" }, { "contents": "Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment\n\n\nof new space services and other activities that would improve U.S. economic competitiveness. The program implemented the National Space Transportation Policy, which is designed to accelerate the development of new launch technologies and concepts to contribute to the continuing commercialization of the national space launch industry. Both the X-33 and the smaller X-34 technology testbed demonstrator were under the Space Transportation Program Offices at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. The air-launched, winged X-34 also was to demonstrate technologies applicable to future-generation reusable launch vehicles designed to dramatically", "id": "20761669" }, { "contents": "Adolf Thiel\n\n\nfor the Thor ballistic missile, which became a first-stage launch for the Explorer spacecraft. He was director of space projects for TRW when it developed Explorer VI and Pioneer V, two of the earliest US craft to explore interplanetary space. He oversaw all of TRW's space programs during the 1970s. After his retirement in 1980 as a senior vice president, Thiel served as an executive consultant to TRW and on NASA planning groups. He was named a fellow of the American Astronautical Society in 1968. He married Frances Thiel", "id": "11277096" }, { "contents": "BAC Mustard\n\n\nin other space programmes, such as the American Space Shuttle. Mustard was a modular re-usable space launch system, comprising multiple copies of a single vehicle design, each of which was configured for a different role as a booster stage or an orbital spaceplane. The core vehicle design resembled the basic layout of the Douglas Astro, both being delta-winged reusable vehicles, as would the later American Space Shuttle. Furthermore, all three functioned as vertically-launched rockets and used integral wings so that they could land horizontally,", "id": "11296482" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nSSIA) to fabricate and launch the Conestoga I off Matagorda Island, Texas which became the first privately funded rocket to reach space. In 1992 Space Vector teamed with Coleman Research Corporation (now a division of L-3 Communications) and Aerotherm to provide the Army Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC) with 25 Hera target vehicles to support testing of THAAD and Patriot PAC-3 anti-ballistic missile systems. Space Vector went on to earn the distinction in 1997 as the first company to air launch a minuteman based target vehicle. The single", "id": "7487031" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n-range ballistic missile and the large Saturn I booster rocket. Following the Russian Sputnik launch, in July 1960 he moved with other von Braun rocket scientists from the Army Ballistic Missile Agency to the newly founded NASA. There, as part of the Apollo moon-landing program, he made major contributions working on the Saturn V booster rocket, on aerothermodynamics, and on liquid hydrogen propellant systems. He subsequently was involved in numerous projects contributing to the nation's manned and unmanned space flight programs, especially Skylab and the Space Shuttle", "id": "21371186" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nthe NLS-1 core stage. The NLS program did not venture beyond the planning stages and did not survive the Presidency of Bill Clinton, which started in January 1993. In 1992, Daniel Goldin was selected to replace Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly as NASA administrator. Goldin championed the motto, \"faster, better, cheaper,\" which may not have fit the ambitious NLS vision. A NASA history from 1998 says that reusable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) rockets and space planes such as the McDonnell Douglas DC", "id": "11086743" }, { "contents": "Gary Hudson (engineer)\n\n\nGary Hudson has been involved in private spaceflight development for over 40 years. Hudson is best known as the founder of Rotary Rocket Company, which in spending ~$30 Million attempted to build a unique single stage to orbit launch vehicle known as the Roton. Rotary Rocket built a landing test simulator (the Roton ATV) which flew three successful test flights in 1999. He also helped found Transformational Space T/Space in 2004. He also helped found AirLaunch LLC which was awarded the DARPA/USAF FALCON project in 2003. Previous projects", "id": "10746924" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nof Space Shuttle Columbia touched down on Rogers Dry Lakebed, with Astronauts John Young and Robert Crippin successfully landing the first orbiting space vehicle ever to leave the Earth under rocket power and return to Earth aerodynamically for re-use. The \"Flying Wing\" returned to Edwards in the late 1980s when the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber began testing, and at a remote site, the F-117A Nighthawk stealth fighter. Air-Launched Cruise Missile, and LANTIRN systems were also tested during the 1980s. The 1990s saw the arrival of the Lockheed", "id": "14946576" }, { "contents": "Jerry Pournelle\n\n\nof making recommendation to the US Air Force on investment in technologies required to build the missile force to be deployed in 1975. After Project 75 was completed Pournelle became manager of several advanced concept studies. At North American Rockwell’s Space Division, Pournelle was associate director of operations research, where he took part in the Apollo program and general operations. He was founding President of the Pepperdine Research Institute. In 1989, Pournelle, Max Hunter, and retired Army Lieutenant General Daniel O. Graham made a presentation to then Vice President Dan", "id": "16491387" }, { "contents": "United States Air Force Plant 42\n\n\nby McDonnell Douglas, St. Louis, Missouri, and transported by aircraft to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. They were also transported by aircraft from Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility to the Kennedy Space Center. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration had been paying the Air Force for use of Plant 42 facilities for the shuttle work. NASA decided in February 2002 to shift space shuttle overhaul and modification work from Palmdale to Florida. Current projects include design, engineering, pre-production, production, modification, flight testing, servicing and repair", "id": "9173070" }, { "contents": "William C. Schwartz\n\n\nspace vehicles and orbital calculations. He was a member of the founding group within NAA involved with the development of space vehicles and which developed the Apollo program. In the early 1960s, he moved to The Martin Company (later Martin Marietta and now Lockheed Martin), where he managed three departments, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Human Factors for the missile developer. It was during this period that he became involved in laser research and development. Shortly after the invention of the laser in 1960, Martin recognized its potential in", "id": "13650865" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthat could lead to an SSTO vehicle. The one-third-size test craft was operated and maintained by a small team of three people based out of a trailer, and the craft was once relaunched less than 24 hours after landing. Although the test program was not without mishap (including a minor explosion), the DC-X demonstrated that the maintenance aspects of the concept were sound. That project was cancelled when it landed with three of four legs deployed, tipped over, and exploded on the fourth flight after", "id": "10328911" }, { "contents": "Marti Sarigul-Klijn\n\n\nDr. Marti Sarigul-Klijn is an expert at rapidly designing, fabricating, and test flying proof-of-concept prototypes. He holds a Ph.D. in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and is a graduate of the United States Naval Test Pilot School and the United States Naval Academy. After completing twenty years in the Navy with the final rank of Commander, he has since worked on over 20 design proposals that include aircraft, UAV's, rocket propulsion, and space launch vehicles. Seven of these proposals continued to", "id": "11065599" }, { "contents": "Jerauld R. Gentry\n\n\nJerauld Richard \"Jerry\" Gentry (May 16, 1935 – March 3, 2003) was a United States Air Force (USAF) test pilot and Vietnam combat veteran. As chief USAF pilot of the Lifting Body Research Program, he helped validate the concept of flying a wingless vehicle back to Earth from space and landing it like an aircraft—an approach used by the Space Shuttle and to a greater degree by vehicles such as the Lockheed Martin X-33 and NASA X-38. Gentry completed thirty lifting body flights including the first flight", "id": "21488944" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nlifting body shape, composite multi-lobed liquid fuel tanks, and the aerospike engine, NASA and Lockheed Martin hoped to test fly a craft that would demonstrate the viability of a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) design. A spacecraft capable of reaching orbit in a single stage would not require external fuel tanks or boosters to reach low Earth orbit. Doing away with the need for \"staging\" with launch vehicles, such as with the Shuttle and the Apollo rockets, would lead to an inherently more reliable", "id": "9997271" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfor a proposed SSTO. It is one of only a few prototype SSTO vehicles ever built. Several other prototypes were intended, including the DC-X2 (a half-scale prototype) and the DC-Y, a full-scale vehicle which would be capable of single stage insertion into orbit. Neither of these were built, but the project was taken over by NASA in 1995, and they built the DC-XA, an upgraded one-third scale prototype. This vehicle was lost when it landed with only", "id": "10328890" }, { "contents": "Landing gear\n\n\ne.g., the Space Shuttle, or the USAF X-37), landing gear have been largely absent from orbital vehicles during the early decades since the advent of spaceflight technology, when orbital space transport has been the exclusive preserve of national-monopoly governmental space programs. Each spaceflight system to date has relied on expendable boosters to begin each ascent to orbital velocity. Recent advances in private space transport, where new competition to governmental space initiatives has emerged, have included the explicit design of landing gear into orbital booster rockets. SpaceX has initiated", "id": "10876701" }, { "contents": "Eric Boe\n\n\ninvolves work with displays and controls for future space vehicles. He made his first trip to space as pilot of during STS-126 on November 14, 2008. Boe flew his second space flight as pilot on STS-133, the final scheduled flight of the Space Shuttle \"Discovery\" and the third-to-last flight of the Space Shuttle program. In August 2012, Boe was named Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office. In July 2015, NASA announced Boe as one of the first astronauts for U.S. Commercial spaceflights. Subsequently, he", "id": "14264618" }, { "contents": "Melvin B. Zisfein\n\n\nMelvin B. Zisfein (1926-1995) was an aircraft designer and a Deputy Director of the U.S. National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC. Zisfein graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with degrees in aeronautical engineering (B.S. 1948; M.S. 1948) and worked as a designer, aerodynamicist, and manager for aircraft companies from then until 1966. He was associate director of the Franklin Institute Research Laboratories from 1966 to 1971. From 1971 to 1982 he served as the deputy director of the National Air and Space Museum,", "id": "1801139" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nselected from the Air Force's test pilot cadre. Additionally, the AFTC assisted with the testing of rocket engines and re-entry vehicles. Along with the X-15, pilots at Edwards were expanding the frontiers of atmospheric flight, testing the XB-70 Valkyrie high-altitude bomber, along with the YF-12 interceptor for Air Defense Command and the SR-71 Blackbird Strategic Reconnaissance aircraft for Strategic Air Command. With the decline of the military manned space mission after the NASA Lunar Landing Program ended, the Aerospace Research Pilot School was once again re-", "id": "14946574" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nDC-X were hired by Blue Origin, and their New Shepard vehicle was inspired by the DC-X design. Blue Origin does not require the high cross range capabilities, and therefore uses a base-first re-entry profile. Also, the DC-X provided inspiration for many elements of Armadillo Aerospace's, Masten Space Systems's, and TGV Rockets's spacecraft designs. Some NASA engineers believe that the DC-X could provide a solution for a crewed Mars lander. Had a DC-type craft been", "id": "15420693" }, { "contents": "Rockwell X-30\n\n\nThe Rockwell X-30 was an advanced technology demonstrator project for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP), part of a United States project to create a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spacecraft and passenger spaceliner. It was cancelled in the early 1990s before a prototype was completed, although much development work in advanced materials and aerospace design was completed. While a goal of a future NASP was a passenger liner capable of two-hour flights from Washington to Tokyo, the X-30 was planned for a crew of", "id": "16588465" }, { "contents": "SpaceDev\n\n\nSpaceDev, a part of the \"Space Systems Business\" of Sierra Nevada Corporation, is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work. It designed and built components for the hybrid rocket motors for Paul Allen's Tier One suborbital SpaceShipOne space program operated by Scaled Composites. It is also developing micro- and nano-satellites, a small expendable launch vehicle, the SpaceDev Streaker, and has designed a piloted suborbital and orbital spaceship of its own, the SpaceDev Dream Chaser, in collaboration with NASA. SpaceDev is based near San Diego in", "id": "16321029" }, { "contents": "Glenn L. Martin Company\n\n\nby the American space program as one of its first satellite booster rockets as part of Project Vanguard. The Vanguard was the first American space exploration rocket designed from scratch to be an orbital launch vehicle — rather than being a modified sounding rocket (like the Juno I) or a ballistic missile (like the U.S. Army's Redstone missile). Martin also designed and manufactured the huge and heavily armed Titan I and LGM-25C Titan II Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). Martin Company of Orlando, Florida, was the prime contractor for", "id": "10667744" }, { "contents": "Shuttlecraft (Star Trek)\n\n\nplanetary surface and space. Wernher Von Braun in the 1950s conceived of a reusable winged spacecraft as a ferry rocket. Plans for such vehicles were referred to as \"DC-3\" by spacecraft designer Maxime Faget and Integrated Launch and Reentry Vehicle (ILRV) by NASA. During the late 1960s, while \"\" was being broadcast, these concepts became known as Space Shuttle. In a speech given to the British Interplanetary Society in August 1968 George Mueller, head of the NASA Office of Manned Space Flight, mentioned the need for a", "id": "13203374" }, { "contents": "The Aerospace Corporation\n\n\n. Gen. Bernard A. Schriever announced the \"formation of a new nonprofit organization, The Aerospace Corporation, to serve the Air Force in the scientific and technical planning and management of missile-space programs.\" Among the earliest projects it supported were the Dyna-Soar orbital spaceplane, Project Mercury, and the man-rating of the Atlas (rocket) intercontinental ballistic missile. The Aerospace Corporation provided general systems engineering and technical direction for the Titan II missile, first tested in 1962, which became the launch vehicle for Project Gemini", "id": "15141218" }, { "contents": "Timothy Creamer\n\n\nPrior to his astronaut selection in 1998, he had been working as a space operations officer, with the Army Space Command, stationed in Houston, Texas. He is now the Army’s NASA Detachment commander. Creamer was assigned to NASA at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in July 1995 as a Space Shuttle vehicle integration test engineer. His duties primarily involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle. He was actively involved in the integrated tests of the systems for each Orbiter for its preparations for its", "id": "7264360" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nof the rocket, the Clipper Graham soared into the skies over the old White Sands Missile Range to a height of 3,120 meters (10,300 ft) and stayed in the air for over two minutes before landing. That flight was the highest and longest the vehicle had ever flown until then. Robert A. Heinlein dedicated his 1985 novel The Cat Who Walks Through Walls to Graham and eight of the other members of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy. Graham was chairman of the American Space Frontier Committee, the Coalition for", "id": "5770554" }, { "contents": "SpaceX\n\n\nhas one of the largest concentrations of aerospace headquarters, facilities, and/or subsidiaries in the U.S., including Boeing/McDonnell Douglas main satellite building campuses, Aerospace Corp., Raytheon, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Air Force Space Command's Space and Missile Systems Center at Los Angeles Air Force Base, Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems, Northrop Grumman, and AECOM, etc., with a large pool of aerospace engineers and recent college engineering graduates. SpaceX utilizes a high degree of vertical integration in the production of its rockets and rocket", "id": "10001424" }, { "contents": "William H. Gerstenmaier\n\n\n1980, Gerstenmaier moved to Houston, Texas, to work at the Johnson Space Center, researching propulsion related to the Space Shuttle, and was involved in the earliest phases of the International Space Station design. In 1984, he was a semi-finalist in the selection for NASA Astronaut Group 10. In 1988, he first served as manager of Space Shuttle Program Integration, and then went on to serve as head of the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle Operations Office. Following that, he became Director of Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom", "id": "13055214" }, { "contents": "Bruno Augenstein\n\n\nBruno Wilhelm Augenstein (March 16, 1923 – July 6, 2005) was a German-born mathematician and physicist who made important contributions in space technology, ballistic missile research, satellites, antimatter, and many other areas. Augenstein worked in the Aerophysics Laboratory at North American Aviation on diverse projects including weaponization of the V-2 rocket, a ramjet-powered vehicle that later became the Navajo missile. He entered RAND Corporation as a consultant and subcontractor in 1949. Initially at RAND he developed an interest in long range missiles. Augenstein", "id": "1664472" }, { "contents": "Robert R. Gilruth\n\n\nRobert Rowe Gilruth (October 8, 1913 – August 17, 2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. He worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics from 1937 to 1958 and its successor NASA, until his retirement in 1973. He was involved with early research into supersonic flight and rocket-powered aircraft, and then with the United States manned space program, including the Mercury, Gemini", "id": "19875506" } ]

[ { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nMaxwell White Hunter II (March 11, 1922 – November 10, 2001) was a prominent American aerospace engineer. He worked on the design of the Douglas B-42 and Douglas B-43 bombers, the Honest John, Nike-Ajax, and Nike-Zeus missiles, the Thor IRBM, and on parts of the Strategic Defense Initiative. In later years he worked on space-launch vehicles and was a proponent of Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) designs. He was honored in 1995 by the National Space Society", "id": "13829898" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvariety of projects including parts of the mammoth Strategic Defense Initiative. SDI gave him a chance at realizing a dream he had nurtured since the 1960s: the construction of a Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle. In 1984, Hunter proposed a vehicle he called the X-rocket, based on those earlier SSTO designs. The design was reviewed by LMSC's Astronautics Division (AD), which judged it worth pursuing, and by its Missile Systems Division (MSD), which did not. LMSC then", "id": "13829902" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\npayloads into Earth orbit today. After working for Douglas Aircraft from 1944 to 1961, Hunter joined the staff of the National Aeronautics and Space Council, a group that advised the U.S. president on space policy. Following several years in that position, he went back to the aerospace industry in 1965, spending over two decades with Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (LMSC). (LMSC was a division of Lockheed Corporation, which merged with Martin Marietta in 1995 to become Lockheed-Martin.) At LMSC, Hunter worked on a", "id": "13829901" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nspace systems. In this position he oversaw the production of military missiles including the Honest John artillery rocket, the Nike antiaircraft missile, and the Sparrow air-to-air missile. Douglas Aircraft began work on the Thor, an early Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM), in late 1955 and put Hunter in charge of that program. He assembled a small team of crack designers and brought the development to success in a short time. Thor became the basis of the McDonnell Douglas Delta rocket, whose descendants are still boosting", "id": "13829900" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nand High Frontier convinced SDI management and other national officials that a study should be initiated to determine once and for all the feasibility of SSTO vehicles for military missions. This led to a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) program to design a single-stage vehicle that could replace military satellites on short notice during a national emergency. This vehicle was known as the Delta Clipper. McDonnell Douglas Corporation was contracted to build and test fly a one-third-scale, suborbital testbed called the DC-X, or Delta Clipper", "id": "13829904" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvehicle tipped over at landing. Funding to make repairs and continue flight tests was not made available. Max Hunter continued to advise on space policy issues and advocate the building of SSTO vehicles for airline-like access to space, a goal he was sure could be attained. He chaired the Rules Committee for the Ansari X Prize, announced in 1996, a $10 million prize for the first reusable craft to reach space twice within two weeks without substantial refit. In October 2000, he agreed to serve as Chairman of the", "id": "13829906" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nExperimental. While not capable of spaceflight, the DC-X incorporated many of the technologies needed for an SSTO vehicle, including highly automated systems enabling a quick turnaround (just twenty-six hours) between launches. It made eight successful test flights between August 18, 1993, and July 7, 1995, and then was taken over by NASA and flown four times as the DC-XA between May 18 and July 31, 1996. It was damaged on its last flight when one landing strut failed to deploy and the", "id": "13829905" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nfor lifelong contributions to the technology of spaceflight. Maxwell Hunter was born in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania and graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in that state with a degree in physics and mathematics. In 1944, he earned a Master's Degree in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). After earning his MS from MIT, Hunter went to work for the Douglas Aircraft Company. He became their chief designer in aeronautics, working on modifications of the B-42 and B-43 bombers. Later he was promoted to chief engineer for", "id": "13829899" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\ndeclined to support further work on the X-rocket, and Hunter retired. As an independent consultant, he renamed the concept SSX (for Space Ship Experimental), and began to refine it. In December 1988 the ad hoc Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy was briefed on the concept by Hunter and others. The general concept was endorsed by the Council and by High Frontier, Inc., a Washington-based group headed by Lt. Gen. Daniel O. Graham that lobbied for SDI programs. Working together, Hunter", "id": "13829903" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nAdvisory Board for the Undersea Hotel Project of the Cala Corporation. He died at Stanford Hospital, Stanford, California on the evening of November 10, 2001 after a lingering illness. Max Hunter was Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Beta Pi, and a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), the American Astronautical Society (AAS), and the British Interplanetary Society (BIS). He was also a member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) and an honorary member of the Japanese Rocket Society", "id": "13829907" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nThe DC-X, short for Delta Clipper or Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed prototype of a reusable single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle built by McDonnell Douglas in conjunction with the United States Department of Defense's Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) from 1991 to 1993. Starting 1994 until 1995, testing continued through funding of the US civil space agency NASA. In 1996, the DC-X technology was completely transferred to NASA, which upgraded the design for improved performance to create the DC-XA", "id": "15420672" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nvehicles was prepared by Chrysler Corporation's Space Division in 1970–1971 under NASA contract NAS8-26341. Their proposal (Shuttle SERV) was an enormous vehicle with more than of payload, utilizing jet engines for (vertical) landing. While the technical problems seemed to be solvable, the USAF required a winged design that led to the Shuttle as we know it today. The uncrewed DC-X technology demonstrator, originally developed by McDonnell Douglas for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program office, was an attempt to build a vehicle", "id": "10328910" }, { "contents": "David Urie\n\n\nsystem before initiating and heading the Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) and X-33 Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Programs at Lockheed. Urie's work as the program manager for the previously classified Have Region project demonstrated that rocket-powered single-stage-to-orbit vehicles were technically feasible, which led to the Lockheed Martin SSTO design approach. As a Director of the Lockheed-Martin Skunk Works SSTO/RLV Advanced Technology Demonstration Program, Urie conceived and developed the aerospike rocket propelled lifting body that was selected by NASA as", "id": "20876395" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nearly stages of flight; and flight within Earth's atmosphere, which limits speed in the early stages of flight and influences engine performance. Additionally, the retirement of NASA's Shuttle launch vehicle has resulted in a substantial reduction in the cost to launch a kilogram of payload to either low Earth orbit or the International Space Station, removing the main projected advantage of the SSTO concept. Notable single stage to orbit concepts include Skylon, the DC-X, the Lockheed Martin X-33, and the Roton SSTO. However, despite showing", "id": "10328885" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nThe Lockheed Martin X-33 was an uncrewed, sub-scale technology demonstrator suborbital spaceplane developed in the 1990s under the U.S. government-funded Space Launch Initiative program. The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for the VentureStar orbital spaceplane, which was planned to be a next-generation, commercially operated reusable launch vehicle. The X-33 would flight-test a range of technologies that NASA believed it needed for single-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicles (SSTO RLVs), such as metallic thermal protection systems, composite cryogenic fuel tanks", "id": "9997267" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n. During the 1960s some of the first concept designs for this kind of craft began to emerge. One of the earliest SSTO concepts was the expendable One stage Orbital Space Truck (OOST) proposed by Philip Bono, an engineer for Douglas Aircraft Company. A reusable version named ROOST was also proposed. Another early SSTO concept was a reusable launch vehicle named NEXUS which was proposed by Krafft Arnold Ehricke in the early 1960s. It was one of the largest spacecraft ever conceptualized with a diameter of over 50 metres and the capability to", "id": "10328887" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n. According to writer Jerry Pournelle: \"DC-X was conceived in my living room and sold to National Space Council Chairman Dan Quayle by General Graham, Max Hunter and me.\" According to Max Hunter, however, he had tried hard to convince Lockheed Martin of the concept's value for several years before he retired. Hunter had written a paper in 1985 entitled \"The Opportunity\", detailing the concept of a Single-Stage-To-Orbit spacecraft built with low-cost \"off-the-shelf", "id": "15420673" }, { "contents": "Rob Meyerson\n\n\nInitiative contract with NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. Meyerson launched his career as an aerospace engineer at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) from 1985 to 1997 working on human spaceflight systems, including the aerodynamic design of the Space Shuttle orbiter drag parachute, as well as the overall design, integration, and flight test of a gliding parachute for the X-38 Crew Rescue Vehicle, a crew return vehicle designed to return astronauts to earth from the International Space Station. Meyerson began with NASA in 1985 as a cooperative education student at JSC", "id": "8603673" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nfor the X-33 was selected over competing concepts from Boeing and McDonnell Douglas. Boeing proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design, and McDonnell Douglas proposed a design based on its vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL) DC-XA test vehicle. The uncrewed X-33 was slated to fly 15 suborbital hops to near 75.8 km altitude. It was to be launched upright like a rocket and rather than having a straight flight path it would fly diagonally up for half the flight, reaching extremely high altitudes, and then for the rest of the", "id": "9997274" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nThe methodologies were later adopted as a standard by the Air Transport Association. He later joined the Thor missile project as the chief design engineer, and this introduced him to the world of space launchers. With new upper stages, Thor became the Delta, one of the most-used launchers in the 1960s. In spite of Thor's success, Hunter was dissatisfied with the state of the launcher market and later wrote that \"by the end of 1963 the state of recoverable rockets was terrible.\" He was convinced that as", "id": "7750830" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nit the DC-X for Delta Clipper Experimental. The name honored the firm's successful Thor/Delta rocket and recalled the famous 19th-century commercial clipper ships. The McDonnell Douglas SSTO team saw the Delta Clipper as opening the \"space trade routes in the same way that the Yankee Clipper ships opened the sea trade routes.\" The needs of the commercial launch industry thus were integral to the thinking of the McDonnell Douglas DC-X team. General Graham envisioned the DC-X as the perfect inexpensive launch and delivery", "id": "5770549" }, { "contents": "George Huebner\n\n\nproduce intercontinental ballistic missiles. Huebner was named executive engineer in charge of Chrysler's Missile Branch. At the time he was serving as executive engineer of research for Chrysler in their automotive division. He developed a complete research and development missile facility that included engineering, testing, and production of the Redstone rocket. These rockets ultimately launched into orbit the first U.S. satellites and the first manned space flights. Huebner worked closely with Wernher von Braun on the space program. For two years he worked on this rocket project and then went back", "id": "15004097" }, { "contents": "Reusable launch system\n\n\nthe McDonnell Douglas Delta Clipper VTOL SSTO proposal progressed to the testing phase. The DC-X prototype demonstrated rapid turnaround time and automatic computer control. In mid-1990, British research evolved an earlier HOTOL design into the far more promising Skylon design, which remains in development. From the commercial side, Rocketplane Kistler and Rotary Rocket attempted to build reusable privately developed rockets before going bankrupt. NASA proposed risky reusable concepts to replace the Shuttle technology, to be demonstrated under the X-33 and X-34 programs, which were both cancelled in the early", "id": "19421229" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\na number of SSTO advocates to reconsider hydrogen as a satisfactory fuel. The late Max Hunter, while employing hydrogen fuel in the DC-X, often said that he thought the first successful orbital SSTO would more likely be fueled by propane. Some SSTO concepts use the same engine for all altitudes, which is a problem for traditional engines with a bell-shaped nozzle. Depending on the atmospheric pressure, different bell shapes are optimal. Engines operating in the lower atmosphere have shorter bells than those designed to work in vacuum.", "id": "10328899" }, { "contents": "George Mueller (NASA)\n\n\ndesigns ranged from 'simple' concepts like Martin Marietta's six person reusable craft similar to the Dyna-Soar (launched by a Titan III-M), to partially reusable concepts like Lockheed's Star Clipper or Tip Tank from McDonnell Douglas, to fully reusable two-stage vehicles like the one proposed by General Dynamics. Following this symposium Mueller continued to champion a \"space shuttle\". He did not invent the term, but he made it his own. He was also a keen proponent of space stations and was", "id": "16249187" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nIn October 2000, Beal Aerospace ceased operations citing a decision by NASA and the Department of Defense to commit themselves to the development of the competing government-financed EELV program. In 1998 Rotary Rocket proposed the Roton, a Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) piloted Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) space transport. A full scale Roton Atmospheric Test Vehicle flew three times in 1999. After spending tens of millions of dollars in development the Roton failed to secure launch contracts and Rotary Rocket ceased operations in 2001. On", "id": "288621" }, { "contents": "List of human spaceflight programs\n\n\ncommissioned by the Russian Aerospace Agency since 1993. The Kankoh-maru (観光丸? Kankōmaru) is the name of a proposed vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL), single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), reusable launch system (rocket-powered spacecraft). The Ansari X Prize was a space competition in which the X Prize Foundation offered a US$10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable crewed spacecraft into space twice within two weeks. Twenty-six teams from around the world", "id": "19978394" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nby 2016, and some space ventures have had to turn away investor funding. After earlier first effort of OTRAG, in the 1990s the projection of a significant demand for communications satellite launches attracted the development of a number of commercial space launch providers. The launch demand largely vanished when some of the largest satellite constellations, such as 288 satellite Teledesic network, were never built. In 1996 NASA selected Lockheed Martin Skunk Works to build the X-33 VentureStar prototype for a single stage to orbit (SSTO) reusable launch vehicle. In 1999", "id": "288619" }, { "contents": "James Smith McDonnell\n\n\nMcDonnell Aircraft Corporation in 1939. Headquartered in St. Louis, the company quickly grew into a principal supplier of fighter aircraft to the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy, including the F-4 Phantom II fighter and the Mercury and Gemini space capsules. In 1967, McDonnell Aircraft merged with the Douglas Aircraft Company to create McDonnell Douglas. Later that year Douglas Aircraft Company's space and missiles division became part of a new subsidiary called McDonnell Douglas Astronautics, located in Huntington Beach, California, producing the Delta series of launch vehicles. The new", "id": "21028393" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\ndeath, the first launch vehicle based on his designs, the McDonnell Douglas DC-X (Delta Clipper) began a largely successful series of test flights. The DC-X was a vertical-takeoff and vertical landing vehicle. The series of test flights began on 18 August 1993 and continued until the upgraded version of the launch vehicle (renamed the DC-XA) tipped over on landing on July 31, 1996. Among Bono's visionary designs was a 1960 Boeing design for a manned Mars spacecraft capable of carrying a", "id": "3522773" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\neight Block II satellites for flights on the new Delta II expendable Medium Launch Vehicle in lieu of the Space Shuttle. Space Division awarded the Medium Launch Vehicle (MLV) contract to McDonnell-Douglas Astronautics Company on 21 January 1987. However, unlike earlier commercial arrangements, the company would no longer be under contract to NASA. Under the new Commercial Expendable Launch Vehicle program encouraged by president Ronald Reagan since 1983, McDonnell-Douglas would be responsible for producing, marketing and launching its commercial Delta IIs. The Air Force would be", "id": "19923501" }, { "contents": "Mel Hunter\n\n\nfor the years 1960-1962. As Hunter's science fiction career blossomed, so did his technical and scientific illustrations. Hunter's love of air and space took him from California's desert runways to Florida's seacoast launchpads to illustrate every variety of jet-age aircraft and space-age rocket imaginable—from X-15 to Saturn V. One of Hunter's best-known books is \"The Missilemen\", a photo illustrated work published in 1960 by Doubleday. Hunter visited U.S. rocket and missile sites during the late 1950s; he", "id": "20560131" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\na single-stage-to-orbit vehicle. Five companies expressed interest and proposed concepts. Three (LM, Rockwell and McDonnell Douglas) were selected for workup into more detailed proposals. Rockwell proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design. It would have used one Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) and two RL-10-5A engines. In a subsequent full-scale system to reach orbit Rockwell planned to use six Rocketdyne RS-2100 engines. McDonnell Douglas featured a design using liquid oxygen/hydrogen bell engines based on its vertical takeoff", "id": "9997282" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\nresearch ways to make more efficient use of the wing surface during high-speed maneuvers. The Directorate is also a collaborator with DARPA, the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Sandia National Laboratories and AFRL's Space Vehicles Directorate on the FALCON program, which includes the HTV-3X Blackswift hypersonic flight demonstration vehicle. The Air Vehicles Directorate also collaborated with NASA and Boeing on the initial work for the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle and the 80% scaled version, X-40A Space Maneuver Vehicle, prior to the classification of the program and", "id": "1842734" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nparts for re-use. After landing the vehicle would be refit, mated with another tank, and be ready for another mission. Hunter moved to Lockheed in the fall of 1965. On his first day he was asked if there was anything Lockheed should be looking at, and he immediately suggested development of his stage-and-a-half design. His suggestions caught the ear of Eugene Root, president of Lockheed Missiles and Space, who gave him the go-ahead to study what became known as the Star", "id": "7750834" }, { "contents": "PGM-17 Thor\n\n\ndeployment as a missile a few years after deployment, the Thor rocket found widespread use as a space launch vehicle. It was the first in a large family of space launch vehicles—the Delta rockets. The last remaining descendant of the Thor, the Delta II, was retired in 2018, and the Delta IV is based on entirely new technology, unlike the Delta II. see Project Emily Stations and Squadrons Family: Thor IRBM, Thor DM-18 (single stage LV); Thor DM-19 (rocket 1st stage), Thor", "id": "15220989" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthree of its four landing pads deployed, which caused it to tip over on its side and explode. The project has not been continued since. From 1999 to 2001 Rotary Rocket attempted to build a SSTO vehicle called the Roton. It received a large amount of media attention and a working sub-scale prototype was completed, but the design was largely impractical. There have been various approaches to SSTO, including pure rockets that are launched and land vertically, air-breathing scramjet-powered vehicles that are launched and land horizontally", "id": "10328891" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\n. The facilities for testing rockets are frequently used for testing new rocket engines including the RS-68 rocket engine developed for use on the Delta IV launch vehicle. The space propulsion area also develops technologies for use in satellites on-orbit to alter their orbits. An AFRL-developed experimental Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) arcjet was flown on the ARGOS satellite in 1999 as part of the Air Force Space Test Program. The Directorate currently manages the X-51A program, which is developing a scramjet demonstration vehicle. The X-51 program is working", "id": "1842749" }, { "contents": "Laurel van der Wal\n\n\nhonors. Her graduate education was funded in part by a National Research Council fellowship to study aeronautics in Stockholm, Sweden. As a young engineer van der Wal worked at Douglas Aircraft as a data analyst on the Nike missile program, and later designing missile systems for the Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation. Starting in 1958, she was the project engineer on three MIA (Mouse-in-Able) launches from Cape Canaveral, as head of bioastronautics at Space Technology Laboratories. She was named the \"Los Angeles Times\"'s \"", "id": "12236594" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nThe National Launch System (or New Launch System) was a study authorized in 1991 by President George H. W. Bush to outline alternatives to the Space Shuttle for access to Earth orbit. Shortly thereafter, NASA asked Lockheed Missiles and Space, McDonnell Douglas, and TRW to perform a ten-month study. A series of launch vehicles was proposed, based around the proposed Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) liquid-fuel rocket engine. The STME was to be a simplified, expendable version of the Space Shuttle main engine (", "id": "11086741" }, { "contents": "Michael R. Clifford\n\n\nfrom the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and was designated an experimental test pilot. In December 1995, Clifford retired from the army. As a military officer, Clifford was assigned to the Johnson Space Center in July 1987. As a Space Shuttle Vehicle Integration engineer, his duties involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle Program. He was involved in design certification and integration of the Shuttle Crew Escape System, and was an executive board member of the Solid Rocket Booster Postflight Assessment Team. Selected as an astronaut", "id": "18151051" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n. In the Shuttle development effort he led a team working on vehicle aerodynamics and the main engines, which included developing full-scale component tests and scaling methodologies, and applying computational fluid dynamics to overcome a wide range of aerothermochemistry problems. He was Chief of the Aerophysics Division at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center until 1992, when he became Chief Aerodynamicist at the NASA Center. He was awarded the AIAA Aerodynamics Award in 1997 for his exceptional lifetime contributions to the aerodynamic design and analysis of strategic missiles and manned/unmanned launch", "id": "21371187" }, { "contents": "Robert A. Heinlein\n\n\noften in his fiction, as do fictitious strikable self-lighting cigarettes. In 1980 Robert Heinlein was a member of the Citizens Advisory Council on National Space Policy, chaired by Jerry Pournelle, which met at the home of SF writer Larry Niven to write space policy papers for the incoming Reagan Administration. Members included such aerospace industry leaders as former astronaut Buzz Aldrin, General Daniel O. Graham, aerospace engineer Max Hunter and North American Rockwell VP for Space Shuttle development George Merrick. Policy recommendations from the Council included ballistic missile defense concepts", "id": "5599733" }, { "contents": "Wernher von Braun\n\n\nUnited States, along with about 1,600 other German scientists, engineers, and technicians, as part of Operation Paperclip. He worked for the United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) program, and he developed the rockets that launched the United States' first space satellite Explorer 1. His group was assimilated into NASA, where he served as director of the newly formed Marshall Space Flight Center and as the chief architect of the Saturn V super heavy-lift launch vehicle that propelled the Apollo spacecraft to the", "id": "15033628" }, { "contents": "Jarvis (rocket)\n\n\nJarvis was a proposed American medium-lift launch vehicle for space launch, designed by Hughes Aircraft and Boeing during the mid-1980s as part of the joint United States Air Force (USAF)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Launch System (ALS) study. Intended to utilize engines and tooling in storage from the Saturn V rocket program along with Space Shuttle components, and projected to be capable of carrying up to six satellites into multiple orbits using a single launch (e.g. GPS constellation), the proposal failed to meet the ALS", "id": "15822979" }, { "contents": "Robert F. Overmyer\n\n\nMarch 1988, he joined the Space Station Team at McDonnell Douglas Aerospace, where he led crew and operations activities for seven years. He retired from McDonnell Douglas in April 1995 and expanded the scope of Mach Twenty Five International, continuing his aerospace consultation work as well as speaking engagements and writing. Overmyer continued his career as a general aviation test pilot. Having former experience with aeronautical testing at both U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School and NASA, he joined Minnesota-based aircraft manufacturer Cirrus Design (now called Cirrus Aircraft) as", "id": "19963429" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n, nuclear-powered vehicles, and even jet-engine-powered vehicles that can fly into orbit and return landing like an airliner, completely intact. For rocket-powered SSTO, the main challenge is achieving a high enough mass-ratio to carry sufficient propellant to achieve orbit, plus a meaningful payload weight. One possibility is to give the rocket an initial speed with a space gun, as planned in the Quicklaunch project. For air-breathing SSTO, the main challenge is system complexity and associated research and development costs", "id": "10328892" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfuel for increasing efficiency once in space. Further examples of Bono's early concepts (prior to the 1990s) which were never constructed include: Around 1985 the NASP project was intended to launch a scramjet vehicle into orbit, but funding was stopped and the project cancelled. At around the same time, the HOTOL tried to use precooled jet engine technology, but failed to show significant advantages over rocket technology. The DC-X, short for Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed one-third scale vertical takeoff and landing demonstrator", "id": "10328889" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nShuttle design. The detailed study of the cost advantages of the drop tank design demonstrated a dramatic reduction in development risk, and as a result, development costs. When funding for STS development was cut, the drop tank was taken up as a way to meet the developmental budgets, leading to the semi-reusable Space Shuttle design. Maxwell Hunter was working at Douglas Aircraft where he formalized the calculation of aircraft operation economics. His methodologies were first published in 1940, and were later applied to the Douglas DC-6 and DC-7.", "id": "7750829" }, { "contents": "Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle\n\n\nThe Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle, designed for NASA's Project Mercury, was the first American crewed space booster. It was used for six sub-orbital Mercury flights from 1960–61; culminating with the launch of the first, and 11 weeks later, the second American (and the second and third humans) in space. The four subsequent Mercury human spaceflights used the more powerful Atlas booster to enter low Earth orbit. A member of the Redstone rocket family, it was derived from the U.S. Army's Redstone ballistic missile and", "id": "11828011" }, { "contents": "British Aerospace HOTOL\n\n\nspace launch system. In 1982, British Aerospace (BAe), which was Europe's principal satellite-builder, began studying a prospective new launch system with the aim of providing launch costs that were 20 per cent of the American Space Shuttle operated by NASA. BAe became aware of work by British engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce on a suitable engine, and soon conceived of an unmanned, fully reuseable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) winged spaceplane as a launch vehicle. Thus, the project had soon became", "id": "14493503" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\nrole in the civilian NASA Project Mercury, Project Gemini and Project Apollo manned space programs along with military Space Shuttle flights. The mission of the unit today is performed by the 45th Space Wing (no direct lineage). Activated in December 1950, replacing 550th Guided Missiles Wing. the 6555th had a distinguished career launching and/or managing ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and payloads for the Ballistic Systems Division, the Space Systems Division and the Space & Missile Systems Organization. As a Wing or a Group, the 6555th earned ten Air", "id": "19923442" }, { "contents": "William H. Dana\n\n\ncontributions to the lifting body program, Dana received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal. In 1976 he received the Haley Space Flight Award from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) for his research work on the M2-F3 lifting body control systems. A member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Dana is the author of several technical papers. In 1993, he was inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Honor. During the X-15 program, eight pilots flew above 264,000 feet or 50 miles, thereby qualifying as astronauts according to", "id": "8766846" }, { "contents": "USAF Hunter-Killer\n\n\nHunter-Killer is an unofficial project name based upon an \"Aviation Week & Space Technology\" article. The U.S. Air Force's Hunter-Killer program was a tactical unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV) procurement program. The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, a variant of the MQ-1 Predator won the project and was deployed in Afghanistan. This is the U.S. Air Force program for which several companies have developed vehicles. Although the J-UCAS concept is a long way from the early idea of a \"reusable cruise missile\",", "id": "18825446" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nlong as launchers were thrown away, access to space would never be affordable. Several companies had already completed early feasibility studies of fully reusable spacecraft, like the Martin Marietta Astrorocket and Douglas Astro. The designs used two flyback stages, one of which flew back to the launch point, while the other flew into orbit and landed after its mission. Hunter thought that any such design was tantamount to making two aircraft to do the job of one, and it was only the upper stage that was of any real use. By", "id": "7750831" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\ndirector of the CIA under Director William Colby and from 1974–1976 he was the director of the DIA. Ronald Reagan called upon General Graham to be his military advisor for his 1976 and 1980 campaigns. General Graham is a member of the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame. In later years, Graham devoted a lot of time to the research and development of Single-Stage To Orbit (SSTO) spacecraft in conjunction with NASA. McDonnell Douglas was awarded a contract to build an SSTO test vehicle on August 16, 1991, and named", "id": "5770548" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nBased on its experience working with Minuteman assets, Space Vector was tasked by Lockheed in 1980 to help develop the Homing Overlay Experiment (HOE) booster for the U.S. Army which would go on to become the first successful hit-to-kill intercept of a mock ballistic missile warhead outside the Earth’s atmosphere. This technology was later used by the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and expanded into the Exoatmospheric Reentry-vehicle Interception System (ERIS) program. In 1982 Space Vector was tapped by Space Services Inc. of America (", "id": "7487030" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nPhilip Bono (13 January 1921 – 23 May 1993) was a Douglas Aircraft Company engineer. He was a pioneer of reusable vertical landing single-stage to orbit launch vehicles. As a visionary designer, he is credited with inventing the first version of a recoverable single-stage spacecraft booster, and his contributions influenced spacecraft design. Bono pursued single-stage space launch as simpler and cheaper. He realized to do this he would need to use high specific impulse liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engines. Afterwards he proposed to", "id": "3522770" }, { "contents": "Vance D. Coffman\n\n\nin Aerospace Engineering of Iowa State University (ISU). Coffman had three brothers, all of which studied at ISU within the engineering and science departments. Coffman has Master's and Doctorate graduate in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University. In 1967, Coffman joined Lockheed Martin Corporation's Space Systems Division, working on the development of space programs and data processing systems for the corporation. By 1988 he was president of the Space Systems Division. He directed the Hubble Space Telescope project for Lockheed. By 1998 he was the chairman and", "id": "11284872" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n\" commercial parts and currently-available technology, but Lockheed Martin was not interested enough to fund such a program themselves. On February 15, 1989, Pournelle, Graham and Hunter were able to procure a meeting with Vice-President Dan Quayle. They \"sold\" the idea to SDIO by noting that any space-based weapons system would need to be serviced by a spacecraft that was far more reliable than the Space Shuttle, and offer lower launch costs and have much better turnaround times. Given the uncertainties of the design", "id": "15420674" }, { "contents": "Abdul Majid (physicist)\n\n\nand joined Pakistan's Space Program as a researcher in astrophysics and aeronautical labs. Majid worked under the supervision of noted Pakistani-Polish military scientist and aeronautical engineer, Air Commodore W. J. M. Turowicz, in the field of Rocket Technology and published numerous research papers. He is credited for the design and developed the Hypersonic Rocket Launch Vehicle or Hatf Missiles Series during his stay at SUPARCO. In 1983, Dr Majid was put in-charge of Satellite Development Program of Pakistan. He is widely credited for the indigenous development and launching", "id": "14780917" }, { "contents": "Martin Knutson\n\n\n's aging fleet of F-104 support aircraft with F/A-18 Hornets. He also provided leadership for numerous flight research projects including the X-29 forward-swept-wing technology demonstrator; the Controlled Impact Demonstration, the F-15 Digital Electronic Engine Control project that integrated propulsion and flight controls, the Pegasus air-launched rocket for placing small payloads into low-Earth orbit; the CV-990 Landing Systems Research aircraft that tested improved braking systems for the space shuttle; and the F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle. After the Air Force announced the impending retirement", "id": "2519508" }, { "contents": "Pioneer Rocketplane\n\n\nMissile Range Officers’ Club on May 12, 1993. The original concept was developed by then Air Force Captain Mitchell Burnside Clapp, who envisioned an aerial refueled, rocket-powered single-stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicle using jet fuel and hydrogen peroxide. This concept seemed a natural match for the Air Force's TransAtmospheric Vehicle (TAV) mission and studies began at the USAF Phillips Laboratory. Aerospace engineering legend Burt Rutan and noted aircraft designer Dan Raymer contributed input to the development of the design. During the winter of", "id": "17524030" }, { "contents": "Thor (rocket family)\n\n\nThor was a US space launch vehicle derived from the PGM-17 Thor intermediate-range ballistic missile. The Thor rocket was the first member of the Delta rocket family of space launch vehicles. The last launch of a direct derivative of the Thor missile occurred in 2018 as the first stage of the final Delta II. Thor was first used as a launch vehicle during the testing program of the warhead reentry vehicle for the Atlas missile. For these three tests a Thor core stage was topped by the Able second stage. Able used the", "id": "21158637" }, { "contents": "Boeing X-37\n\n\nThe Boeing X-37, also known as the Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), is a reusable robotic spacecraft. It is boosted into space by a launch vehicle, then re-enters Earth's atmosphere and lands as a spaceplane. The X-37 is operated by the United States Air Force for orbital spaceflight missions intended to demonstrate reusable space technologies. It is a 120%-scaled derivative of the earlier Boeing X-40. The X-37 began as a NASA project in 1999, before being transferred to the U.S. Department of Defense in 2004. Its first", "id": "12510871" }, { "contents": "LGM-25C Titan II\n\n\nThe Titan II was an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and space launcher developed by the Glenn L. Martin Company from the earlier Titan I missile. Titan II was originally designed and used as an ICBM, but was later adapted as a medium-lift space launch vehicle to carry payloads to Earth orbit for the United States Air Force (USAF), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Those payloads included the USAF Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), NOAA weather", "id": "10861471" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\non the X-33 experience shared with NASA, Lockheed Martin hoped to make the business case for a full-scale SSTO RLV, called VentureStar, that would be developed and operated through commercial means. The intention was that rather than operate space transport systems as it has with the Space Shuttle, NASA would instead look to private industry to operate the reusable launch vehicle and NASA would purchase launch services from the commercial launch provider. Thus, the X-33 was not only about honing space flight technologies, but also about successfully demonstrating the technology", "id": "9997276" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nmake these vehicles reusable. From his ROOST design onwards Bono advocated space launch vehicles without wings, usually using rocket assisted vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL). According to his estimates, wings consisted mostly of dead weight that decreased launch payload mass. He patented a reusable plug nozzle rocket engine which had dual use as a heat shield for atmospheric reentry. His early 1960s concepts influenced later designs like the 1990s Delta Clipper, also from Douglas. Philip Bono was born in Brooklyn, New York on 13 January 1921. He graduated", "id": "3522771" }, { "contents": "Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment\n\n\nof new space services and other activities that would improve U.S. economic competitiveness. The program implemented the National Space Transportation Policy, which is designed to accelerate the development of new launch technologies and concepts to contribute to the continuing commercialization of the national space launch industry. Both the X-33 and the smaller X-34 technology testbed demonstrator were under the Space Transportation Program Offices at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. The air-launched, winged X-34 also was to demonstrate technologies applicable to future-generation reusable launch vehicles designed to dramatically", "id": "20761669" }, { "contents": "Adolf Thiel\n\n\nfor the Thor ballistic missile, which became a first-stage launch for the Explorer spacecraft. He was director of space projects for TRW when it developed Explorer VI and Pioneer V, two of the earliest US craft to explore interplanetary space. He oversaw all of TRW's space programs during the 1970s. After his retirement in 1980 as a senior vice president, Thiel served as an executive consultant to TRW and on NASA planning groups. He was named a fellow of the American Astronautical Society in 1968. He married Frances Thiel", "id": "11277096" }, { "contents": "BAC Mustard\n\n\nin other space programmes, such as the American Space Shuttle. Mustard was a modular re-usable space launch system, comprising multiple copies of a single vehicle design, each of which was configured for a different role as a booster stage or an orbital spaceplane. The core vehicle design resembled the basic layout of the Douglas Astro, both being delta-winged reusable vehicles, as would the later American Space Shuttle. Furthermore, all three functioned as vertically-launched rockets and used integral wings so that they could land horizontally,", "id": "11296482" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nSSIA) to fabricate and launch the Conestoga I off Matagorda Island, Texas which became the first privately funded rocket to reach space. In 1992 Space Vector teamed with Coleman Research Corporation (now a division of L-3 Communications) and Aerotherm to provide the Army Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC) with 25 Hera target vehicles to support testing of THAAD and Patriot PAC-3 anti-ballistic missile systems. Space Vector went on to earn the distinction in 1997 as the first company to air launch a minuteman based target vehicle. The single", "id": "7487031" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n-range ballistic missile and the large Saturn I booster rocket. Following the Russian Sputnik launch, in July 1960 he moved with other von Braun rocket scientists from the Army Ballistic Missile Agency to the newly founded NASA. There, as part of the Apollo moon-landing program, he made major contributions working on the Saturn V booster rocket, on aerothermodynamics, and on liquid hydrogen propellant systems. He subsequently was involved in numerous projects contributing to the nation's manned and unmanned space flight programs, especially Skylab and the Space Shuttle", "id": "21371186" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nthe NLS-1 core stage. The NLS program did not venture beyond the planning stages and did not survive the Presidency of Bill Clinton, which started in January 1993. In 1992, Daniel Goldin was selected to replace Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly as NASA administrator. Goldin championed the motto, \"faster, better, cheaper,\" which may not have fit the ambitious NLS vision. A NASA history from 1998 says that reusable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) rockets and space planes such as the McDonnell Douglas DC", "id": "11086743" }, { "contents": "Gary Hudson (engineer)\n\n\nGary Hudson has been involved in private spaceflight development for over 40 years. Hudson is best known as the founder of Rotary Rocket Company, which in spending ~$30 Million attempted to build a unique single stage to orbit launch vehicle known as the Roton. Rotary Rocket built a landing test simulator (the Roton ATV) which flew three successful test flights in 1999. He also helped found Transformational Space T/Space in 2004. He also helped found AirLaunch LLC which was awarded the DARPA/USAF FALCON project in 2003. Previous projects", "id": "10746924" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nof Space Shuttle Columbia touched down on Rogers Dry Lakebed, with Astronauts John Young and Robert Crippin successfully landing the first orbiting space vehicle ever to leave the Earth under rocket power and return to Earth aerodynamically for re-use. The \"Flying Wing\" returned to Edwards in the late 1980s when the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber began testing, and at a remote site, the F-117A Nighthawk stealth fighter. Air-Launched Cruise Missile, and LANTIRN systems were also tested during the 1980s. The 1990s saw the arrival of the Lockheed", "id": "14946576" }, { "contents": "Jerry Pournelle\n\n\nof making recommendation to the US Air Force on investment in technologies required to build the missile force to be deployed in 1975. After Project 75 was completed Pournelle became manager of several advanced concept studies. At North American Rockwell’s Space Division, Pournelle was associate director of operations research, where he took part in the Apollo program and general operations. He was founding President of the Pepperdine Research Institute. In 1989, Pournelle, Max Hunter, and retired Army Lieutenant General Daniel O. Graham made a presentation to then Vice President Dan", "id": "16491387" }, { "contents": "United States Air Force Plant 42\n\n\nby McDonnell Douglas, St. Louis, Missouri, and transported by aircraft to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. They were also transported by aircraft from Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility to the Kennedy Space Center. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration had been paying the Air Force for use of Plant 42 facilities for the shuttle work. NASA decided in February 2002 to shift space shuttle overhaul and modification work from Palmdale to Florida. Current projects include design, engineering, pre-production, production, modification, flight testing, servicing and repair", "id": "9173070" }, { "contents": "William C. Schwartz\n\n\nspace vehicles and orbital calculations. He was a member of the founding group within NAA involved with the development of space vehicles and which developed the Apollo program. In the early 1960s, he moved to The Martin Company (later Martin Marietta and now Lockheed Martin), where he managed three departments, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Human Factors for the missile developer. It was during this period that he became involved in laser research and development. Shortly after the invention of the laser in 1960, Martin recognized its potential in", "id": "13650865" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthat could lead to an SSTO vehicle. The one-third-size test craft was operated and maintained by a small team of three people based out of a trailer, and the craft was once relaunched less than 24 hours after landing. Although the test program was not without mishap (including a minor explosion), the DC-X demonstrated that the maintenance aspects of the concept were sound. That project was cancelled when it landed with three of four legs deployed, tipped over, and exploded on the fourth flight after", "id": "10328911" }, { "contents": "Marti Sarigul-Klijn\n\n\nDr. Marti Sarigul-Klijn is an expert at rapidly designing, fabricating, and test flying proof-of-concept prototypes. He holds a Ph.D. in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and is a graduate of the United States Naval Test Pilot School and the United States Naval Academy. After completing twenty years in the Navy with the final rank of Commander, he has since worked on over 20 design proposals that include aircraft, UAV's, rocket propulsion, and space launch vehicles. Seven of these proposals continued to", "id": "11065599" }, { "contents": "Jerauld R. Gentry\n\n\nJerauld Richard \"Jerry\" Gentry (May 16, 1935 – March 3, 2003) was a United States Air Force (USAF) test pilot and Vietnam combat veteran. As chief USAF pilot of the Lifting Body Research Program, he helped validate the concept of flying a wingless vehicle back to Earth from space and landing it like an aircraft—an approach used by the Space Shuttle and to a greater degree by vehicles such as the Lockheed Martin X-33 and NASA X-38. Gentry completed thirty lifting body flights including the first flight", "id": "21488944" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nlifting body shape, composite multi-lobed liquid fuel tanks, and the aerospike engine, NASA and Lockheed Martin hoped to test fly a craft that would demonstrate the viability of a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) design. A spacecraft capable of reaching orbit in a single stage would not require external fuel tanks or boosters to reach low Earth orbit. Doing away with the need for \"staging\" with launch vehicles, such as with the Shuttle and the Apollo rockets, would lead to an inherently more reliable", "id": "9997271" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfor a proposed SSTO. It is one of only a few prototype SSTO vehicles ever built. Several other prototypes were intended, including the DC-X2 (a half-scale prototype) and the DC-Y, a full-scale vehicle which would be capable of single stage insertion into orbit. Neither of these were built, but the project was taken over by NASA in 1995, and they built the DC-XA, an upgraded one-third scale prototype. This vehicle was lost when it landed with only", "id": "10328890" }, { "contents": "Landing gear\n\n\ne.g., the Space Shuttle, or the USAF X-37), landing gear have been largely absent from orbital vehicles during the early decades since the advent of spaceflight technology, when orbital space transport has been the exclusive preserve of national-monopoly governmental space programs. Each spaceflight system to date has relied on expendable boosters to begin each ascent to orbital velocity. Recent advances in private space transport, where new competition to governmental space initiatives has emerged, have included the explicit design of landing gear into orbital booster rockets. SpaceX has initiated", "id": "10876701" }, { "contents": "Eric Boe\n\n\ninvolves work with displays and controls for future space vehicles. He made his first trip to space as pilot of during STS-126 on November 14, 2008. Boe flew his second space flight as pilot on STS-133, the final scheduled flight of the Space Shuttle \"Discovery\" and the third-to-last flight of the Space Shuttle program. In August 2012, Boe was named Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office. In July 2015, NASA announced Boe as one of the first astronauts for U.S. Commercial spaceflights. Subsequently, he", "id": "14264618" }, { "contents": "Melvin B. Zisfein\n\n\nMelvin B. Zisfein (1926-1995) was an aircraft designer and a Deputy Director of the U.S. National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC. Zisfein graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with degrees in aeronautical engineering (B.S. 1948; M.S. 1948) and worked as a designer, aerodynamicist, and manager for aircraft companies from then until 1966. He was associate director of the Franklin Institute Research Laboratories from 1966 to 1971. From 1971 to 1982 he served as the deputy director of the National Air and Space Museum,", "id": "1801139" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nselected from the Air Force's test pilot cadre. Additionally, the AFTC assisted with the testing of rocket engines and re-entry vehicles. Along with the X-15, pilots at Edwards were expanding the frontiers of atmospheric flight, testing the XB-70 Valkyrie high-altitude bomber, along with the YF-12 interceptor for Air Defense Command and the SR-71 Blackbird Strategic Reconnaissance aircraft for Strategic Air Command. With the decline of the military manned space mission after the NASA Lunar Landing Program ended, the Aerospace Research Pilot School was once again re-", "id": "14946574" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nDC-X were hired by Blue Origin, and their New Shepard vehicle was inspired by the DC-X design. Blue Origin does not require the high cross range capabilities, and therefore uses a base-first re-entry profile. Also, the DC-X provided inspiration for many elements of Armadillo Aerospace's, Masten Space Systems's, and TGV Rockets's spacecraft designs. Some NASA engineers believe that the DC-X could provide a solution for a crewed Mars lander. Had a DC-type craft been", "id": "15420693" }, { "contents": "Rockwell X-30\n\n\nThe Rockwell X-30 was an advanced technology demonstrator project for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP), part of a United States project to create a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spacecraft and passenger spaceliner. It was cancelled in the early 1990s before a prototype was completed, although much development work in advanced materials and aerospace design was completed. While a goal of a future NASP was a passenger liner capable of two-hour flights from Washington to Tokyo, the X-30 was planned for a crew of", "id": "16588465" }, { "contents": "SpaceDev\n\n\nSpaceDev, a part of the \"Space Systems Business\" of Sierra Nevada Corporation, is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work. It designed and built components for the hybrid rocket motors for Paul Allen's Tier One suborbital SpaceShipOne space program operated by Scaled Composites. It is also developing micro- and nano-satellites, a small expendable launch vehicle, the SpaceDev Streaker, and has designed a piloted suborbital and orbital spaceship of its own, the SpaceDev Dream Chaser, in collaboration with NASA. SpaceDev is based near San Diego in", "id": "16321029" }, { "contents": "Glenn L. Martin Company\n\n\nby the American space program as one of its first satellite booster rockets as part of Project Vanguard. The Vanguard was the first American space exploration rocket designed from scratch to be an orbital launch vehicle — rather than being a modified sounding rocket (like the Juno I) or a ballistic missile (like the U.S. Army's Redstone missile). Martin also designed and manufactured the huge and heavily armed Titan I and LGM-25C Titan II Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). Martin Company of Orlando, Florida, was the prime contractor for", "id": "10667744" }, { "contents": "Shuttlecraft (Star Trek)\n\n\nplanetary surface and space. Wernher Von Braun in the 1950s conceived of a reusable winged spacecraft as a ferry rocket. Plans for such vehicles were referred to as \"DC-3\" by spacecraft designer Maxime Faget and Integrated Launch and Reentry Vehicle (ILRV) by NASA. During the late 1960s, while \"\" was being broadcast, these concepts became known as Space Shuttle. In a speech given to the British Interplanetary Society in August 1968 George Mueller, head of the NASA Office of Manned Space Flight, mentioned the need for a", "id": "13203374" }, { "contents": "The Aerospace Corporation\n\n\n. Gen. Bernard A. Schriever announced the \"formation of a new nonprofit organization, The Aerospace Corporation, to serve the Air Force in the scientific and technical planning and management of missile-space programs.\" Among the earliest projects it supported were the Dyna-Soar orbital spaceplane, Project Mercury, and the man-rating of the Atlas (rocket) intercontinental ballistic missile. The Aerospace Corporation provided general systems engineering and technical direction for the Titan II missile, first tested in 1962, which became the launch vehicle for Project Gemini", "id": "15141218" }, { "contents": "Timothy Creamer\n\n\nPrior to his astronaut selection in 1998, he had been working as a space operations officer, with the Army Space Command, stationed in Houston, Texas. He is now the Army’s NASA Detachment commander. Creamer was assigned to NASA at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in July 1995 as a Space Shuttle vehicle integration test engineer. His duties primarily involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle. He was actively involved in the integrated tests of the systems for each Orbiter for its preparations for its", "id": "7264360" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nof the rocket, the Clipper Graham soared into the skies over the old White Sands Missile Range to a height of 3,120 meters (10,300 ft) and stayed in the air for over two minutes before landing. That flight was the highest and longest the vehicle had ever flown until then. Robert A. Heinlein dedicated his 1985 novel The Cat Who Walks Through Walls to Graham and eight of the other members of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy. Graham was chairman of the American Space Frontier Committee, the Coalition for", "id": "5770554" }, { "contents": "SpaceX\n\n\nhas one of the largest concentrations of aerospace headquarters, facilities, and/or subsidiaries in the U.S., including Boeing/McDonnell Douglas main satellite building campuses, Aerospace Corp., Raytheon, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Air Force Space Command's Space and Missile Systems Center at Los Angeles Air Force Base, Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems, Northrop Grumman, and AECOM, etc., with a large pool of aerospace engineers and recent college engineering graduates. SpaceX utilizes a high degree of vertical integration in the production of its rockets and rocket", "id": "10001424" }, { "contents": "William H. Gerstenmaier\n\n\n1980, Gerstenmaier moved to Houston, Texas, to work at the Johnson Space Center, researching propulsion related to the Space Shuttle, and was involved in the earliest phases of the International Space Station design. In 1984, he was a semi-finalist in the selection for NASA Astronaut Group 10. In 1988, he first served as manager of Space Shuttle Program Integration, and then went on to serve as head of the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle Operations Office. Following that, he became Director of Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom", "id": "13055214" }, { "contents": "Bruno Augenstein\n\n\nBruno Wilhelm Augenstein (March 16, 1923 – July 6, 2005) was a German-born mathematician and physicist who made important contributions in space technology, ballistic missile research, satellites, antimatter, and many other areas. Augenstein worked in the Aerophysics Laboratory at North American Aviation on diverse projects including weaponization of the V-2 rocket, a ramjet-powered vehicle that later became the Navajo missile. He entered RAND Corporation as a consultant and subcontractor in 1949. Initially at RAND he developed an interest in long range missiles. Augenstein", "id": "1664472" }, { "contents": "Robert R. Gilruth\n\n\nRobert Rowe Gilruth (October 8, 1913 – August 17, 2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. He worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics from 1937 to 1958 and its successor NASA, until his retirement in 1973. He was involved with early research into supersonic flight and rocket-powered aircraft, and then with the United States manned space program, including the Mercury, Gemini", "id": "19875506" } ]

[ { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nMaxwell White Hunter II (March 11, 1922 – November 10, 2001) was a prominent American aerospace engineer. He worked on the design of the Douglas B-42 and Douglas B-43 bombers, the Honest John, Nike-Ajax, and Nike-Zeus missiles, the Thor IRBM, and on parts of the Strategic Defense Initiative. In later years he worked on space-launch vehicles and was a proponent of Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) designs. He was honored in 1995 by the National Space Society", "id": "13829898" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvariety of projects including parts of the mammoth Strategic Defense Initiative. SDI gave him a chance at realizing a dream he had nurtured since the 1960s: the construction of a Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle. In 1984, Hunter proposed a vehicle he called the X-rocket, based on those earlier SSTO designs. The design was reviewed by LMSC's Astronautics Division (AD), which judged it worth pursuing, and by its Missile Systems Division (MSD), which did not. LMSC then", "id": "13829902" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\npayloads into Earth orbit today. After working for Douglas Aircraft from 1944 to 1961, Hunter joined the staff of the National Aeronautics and Space Council, a group that advised the U.S. president on space policy. Following several years in that position, he went back to the aerospace industry in 1965, spending over two decades with Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (LMSC). (LMSC was a division of Lockheed Corporation, which merged with Martin Marietta in 1995 to become Lockheed-Martin.) At LMSC, Hunter worked on a", "id": "13829901" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nspace systems. In this position he oversaw the production of military missiles including the Honest John artillery rocket, the Nike antiaircraft missile, and the Sparrow air-to-air missile. Douglas Aircraft began work on the Thor, an early Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM), in late 1955 and put Hunter in charge of that program. He assembled a small team of crack designers and brought the development to success in a short time. Thor became the basis of the McDonnell Douglas Delta rocket, whose descendants are still boosting", "id": "13829900" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nand High Frontier convinced SDI management and other national officials that a study should be initiated to determine once and for all the feasibility of SSTO vehicles for military missions. This led to a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) program to design a single-stage vehicle that could replace military satellites on short notice during a national emergency. This vehicle was known as the Delta Clipper. McDonnell Douglas Corporation was contracted to build and test fly a one-third-scale, suborbital testbed called the DC-X, or Delta Clipper", "id": "13829904" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvehicle tipped over at landing. Funding to make repairs and continue flight tests was not made available. Max Hunter continued to advise on space policy issues and advocate the building of SSTO vehicles for airline-like access to space, a goal he was sure could be attained. He chaired the Rules Committee for the Ansari X Prize, announced in 1996, a $10 million prize for the first reusable craft to reach space twice within two weeks without substantial refit. In October 2000, he agreed to serve as Chairman of the", "id": "13829906" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nExperimental. While not capable of spaceflight, the DC-X incorporated many of the technologies needed for an SSTO vehicle, including highly automated systems enabling a quick turnaround (just twenty-six hours) between launches. It made eight successful test flights between August 18, 1993, and July 7, 1995, and then was taken over by NASA and flown four times as the DC-XA between May 18 and July 31, 1996. It was damaged on its last flight when one landing strut failed to deploy and the", "id": "13829905" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nfor lifelong contributions to the technology of spaceflight. Maxwell Hunter was born in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania and graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in that state with a degree in physics and mathematics. In 1944, he earned a Master's Degree in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). After earning his MS from MIT, Hunter went to work for the Douglas Aircraft Company. He became their chief designer in aeronautics, working on modifications of the B-42 and B-43 bombers. Later he was promoted to chief engineer for", "id": "13829899" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\ndeclined to support further work on the X-rocket, and Hunter retired. As an independent consultant, he renamed the concept SSX (for Space Ship Experimental), and began to refine it. In December 1988 the ad hoc Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy was briefed on the concept by Hunter and others. The general concept was endorsed by the Council and by High Frontier, Inc., a Washington-based group headed by Lt. Gen. Daniel O. Graham that lobbied for SDI programs. Working together, Hunter", "id": "13829903" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nAdvisory Board for the Undersea Hotel Project of the Cala Corporation. He died at Stanford Hospital, Stanford, California on the evening of November 10, 2001 after a lingering illness. Max Hunter was Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Beta Pi, and a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), the American Astronautical Society (AAS), and the British Interplanetary Society (BIS). He was also a member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) and an honorary member of the Japanese Rocket Society", "id": "13829907" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nThe DC-X, short for Delta Clipper or Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed prototype of a reusable single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle built by McDonnell Douglas in conjunction with the United States Department of Defense's Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) from 1991 to 1993. Starting 1994 until 1995, testing continued through funding of the US civil space agency NASA. In 1996, the DC-X technology was completely transferred to NASA, which upgraded the design for improved performance to create the DC-XA", "id": "15420672" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nvehicles was prepared by Chrysler Corporation's Space Division in 1970–1971 under NASA contract NAS8-26341. Their proposal (Shuttle SERV) was an enormous vehicle with more than of payload, utilizing jet engines for (vertical) landing. While the technical problems seemed to be solvable, the USAF required a winged design that led to the Shuttle as we know it today. The uncrewed DC-X technology demonstrator, originally developed by McDonnell Douglas for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program office, was an attempt to build a vehicle", "id": "10328910" }, { "contents": "David Urie\n\n\nsystem before initiating and heading the Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) and X-33 Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Programs at Lockheed. Urie's work as the program manager for the previously classified Have Region project demonstrated that rocket-powered single-stage-to-orbit vehicles were technically feasible, which led to the Lockheed Martin SSTO design approach. As a Director of the Lockheed-Martin Skunk Works SSTO/RLV Advanced Technology Demonstration Program, Urie conceived and developed the aerospike rocket propelled lifting body that was selected by NASA as", "id": "20876395" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nearly stages of flight; and flight within Earth's atmosphere, which limits speed in the early stages of flight and influences engine performance. Additionally, the retirement of NASA's Shuttle launch vehicle has resulted in a substantial reduction in the cost to launch a kilogram of payload to either low Earth orbit or the International Space Station, removing the main projected advantage of the SSTO concept. Notable single stage to orbit concepts include Skylon, the DC-X, the Lockheed Martin X-33, and the Roton SSTO. However, despite showing", "id": "10328885" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nThe Lockheed Martin X-33 was an uncrewed, sub-scale technology demonstrator suborbital spaceplane developed in the 1990s under the U.S. government-funded Space Launch Initiative program. The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for the VentureStar orbital spaceplane, which was planned to be a next-generation, commercially operated reusable launch vehicle. The X-33 would flight-test a range of technologies that NASA believed it needed for single-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicles (SSTO RLVs), such as metallic thermal protection systems, composite cryogenic fuel tanks", "id": "9997267" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n. During the 1960s some of the first concept designs for this kind of craft began to emerge. One of the earliest SSTO concepts was the expendable One stage Orbital Space Truck (OOST) proposed by Philip Bono, an engineer for Douglas Aircraft Company. A reusable version named ROOST was also proposed. Another early SSTO concept was a reusable launch vehicle named NEXUS which was proposed by Krafft Arnold Ehricke in the early 1960s. It was one of the largest spacecraft ever conceptualized with a diameter of over 50 metres and the capability to", "id": "10328887" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n. According to writer Jerry Pournelle: \"DC-X was conceived in my living room and sold to National Space Council Chairman Dan Quayle by General Graham, Max Hunter and me.\" According to Max Hunter, however, he had tried hard to convince Lockheed Martin of the concept's value for several years before he retired. Hunter had written a paper in 1985 entitled \"The Opportunity\", detailing the concept of a Single-Stage-To-Orbit spacecraft built with low-cost \"off-the-shelf", "id": "15420673" }, { "contents": "Rob Meyerson\n\n\nInitiative contract with NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. Meyerson launched his career as an aerospace engineer at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) from 1985 to 1997 working on human spaceflight systems, including the aerodynamic design of the Space Shuttle orbiter drag parachute, as well as the overall design, integration, and flight test of a gliding parachute for the X-38 Crew Rescue Vehicle, a crew return vehicle designed to return astronauts to earth from the International Space Station. Meyerson began with NASA in 1985 as a cooperative education student at JSC", "id": "8603673" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nfor the X-33 was selected over competing concepts from Boeing and McDonnell Douglas. Boeing proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design, and McDonnell Douglas proposed a design based on its vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL) DC-XA test vehicle. The uncrewed X-33 was slated to fly 15 suborbital hops to near 75.8 km altitude. It was to be launched upright like a rocket and rather than having a straight flight path it would fly diagonally up for half the flight, reaching extremely high altitudes, and then for the rest of the", "id": "9997274" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nThe methodologies were later adopted as a standard by the Air Transport Association. He later joined the Thor missile project as the chief design engineer, and this introduced him to the world of space launchers. With new upper stages, Thor became the Delta, one of the most-used launchers in the 1960s. In spite of Thor's success, Hunter was dissatisfied with the state of the launcher market and later wrote that \"by the end of 1963 the state of recoverable rockets was terrible.\" He was convinced that as", "id": "7750830" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nit the DC-X for Delta Clipper Experimental. The name honored the firm's successful Thor/Delta rocket and recalled the famous 19th-century commercial clipper ships. The McDonnell Douglas SSTO team saw the Delta Clipper as opening the \"space trade routes in the same way that the Yankee Clipper ships opened the sea trade routes.\" The needs of the commercial launch industry thus were integral to the thinking of the McDonnell Douglas DC-X team. General Graham envisioned the DC-X as the perfect inexpensive launch and delivery", "id": "5770549" }, { "contents": "George Huebner\n\n\nproduce intercontinental ballistic missiles. Huebner was named executive engineer in charge of Chrysler's Missile Branch. At the time he was serving as executive engineer of research for Chrysler in their automotive division. He developed a complete research and development missile facility that included engineering, testing, and production of the Redstone rocket. These rockets ultimately launched into orbit the first U.S. satellites and the first manned space flights. Huebner worked closely with Wernher von Braun on the space program. For two years he worked on this rocket project and then went back", "id": "15004097" }, { "contents": "Reusable launch system\n\n\nthe McDonnell Douglas Delta Clipper VTOL SSTO proposal progressed to the testing phase. The DC-X prototype demonstrated rapid turnaround time and automatic computer control. In mid-1990, British research evolved an earlier HOTOL design into the far more promising Skylon design, which remains in development. From the commercial side, Rocketplane Kistler and Rotary Rocket attempted to build reusable privately developed rockets before going bankrupt. NASA proposed risky reusable concepts to replace the Shuttle technology, to be demonstrated under the X-33 and X-34 programs, which were both cancelled in the early", "id": "19421229" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\na number of SSTO advocates to reconsider hydrogen as a satisfactory fuel. The late Max Hunter, while employing hydrogen fuel in the DC-X, often said that he thought the first successful orbital SSTO would more likely be fueled by propane. Some SSTO concepts use the same engine for all altitudes, which is a problem for traditional engines with a bell-shaped nozzle. Depending on the atmospheric pressure, different bell shapes are optimal. Engines operating in the lower atmosphere have shorter bells than those designed to work in vacuum.", "id": "10328899" }, { "contents": "George Mueller (NASA)\n\n\ndesigns ranged from 'simple' concepts like Martin Marietta's six person reusable craft similar to the Dyna-Soar (launched by a Titan III-M), to partially reusable concepts like Lockheed's Star Clipper or Tip Tank from McDonnell Douglas, to fully reusable two-stage vehicles like the one proposed by General Dynamics. Following this symposium Mueller continued to champion a \"space shuttle\". He did not invent the term, but he made it his own. He was also a keen proponent of space stations and was", "id": "16249187" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nIn October 2000, Beal Aerospace ceased operations citing a decision by NASA and the Department of Defense to commit themselves to the development of the competing government-financed EELV program. In 1998 Rotary Rocket proposed the Roton, a Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) piloted Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) space transport. A full scale Roton Atmospheric Test Vehicle flew three times in 1999. After spending tens of millions of dollars in development the Roton failed to secure launch contracts and Rotary Rocket ceased operations in 2001. On", "id": "288621" }, { "contents": "List of human spaceflight programs\n\n\ncommissioned by the Russian Aerospace Agency since 1993. The Kankoh-maru (観光丸? Kankōmaru) is the name of a proposed vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL), single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), reusable launch system (rocket-powered spacecraft). The Ansari X Prize was a space competition in which the X Prize Foundation offered a US$10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable crewed spacecraft into space twice within two weeks. Twenty-six teams from around the world", "id": "19978394" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nby 2016, and some space ventures have had to turn away investor funding. After earlier first effort of OTRAG, in the 1990s the projection of a significant demand for communications satellite launches attracted the development of a number of commercial space launch providers. The launch demand largely vanished when some of the largest satellite constellations, such as 288 satellite Teledesic network, were never built. In 1996 NASA selected Lockheed Martin Skunk Works to build the X-33 VentureStar prototype for a single stage to orbit (SSTO) reusable launch vehicle. In 1999", "id": "288619" }, { "contents": "James Smith McDonnell\n\n\nMcDonnell Aircraft Corporation in 1939. Headquartered in St. Louis, the company quickly grew into a principal supplier of fighter aircraft to the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy, including the F-4 Phantom II fighter and the Mercury and Gemini space capsules. In 1967, McDonnell Aircraft merged with the Douglas Aircraft Company to create McDonnell Douglas. Later that year Douglas Aircraft Company's space and missiles division became part of a new subsidiary called McDonnell Douglas Astronautics, located in Huntington Beach, California, producing the Delta series of launch vehicles. The new", "id": "21028393" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\ndeath, the first launch vehicle based on his designs, the McDonnell Douglas DC-X (Delta Clipper) began a largely successful series of test flights. The DC-X was a vertical-takeoff and vertical landing vehicle. The series of test flights began on 18 August 1993 and continued until the upgraded version of the launch vehicle (renamed the DC-XA) tipped over on landing on July 31, 1996. Among Bono's visionary designs was a 1960 Boeing design for a manned Mars spacecraft capable of carrying a", "id": "3522773" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\neight Block II satellites for flights on the new Delta II expendable Medium Launch Vehicle in lieu of the Space Shuttle. Space Division awarded the Medium Launch Vehicle (MLV) contract to McDonnell-Douglas Astronautics Company on 21 January 1987. However, unlike earlier commercial arrangements, the company would no longer be under contract to NASA. Under the new Commercial Expendable Launch Vehicle program encouraged by president Ronald Reagan since 1983, McDonnell-Douglas would be responsible for producing, marketing and launching its commercial Delta IIs. The Air Force would be", "id": "19923501" }, { "contents": "Mel Hunter\n\n\nfor the years 1960-1962. As Hunter's science fiction career blossomed, so did his technical and scientific illustrations. Hunter's love of air and space took him from California's desert runways to Florida's seacoast launchpads to illustrate every variety of jet-age aircraft and space-age rocket imaginable—from X-15 to Saturn V. One of Hunter's best-known books is \"The Missilemen\", a photo illustrated work published in 1960 by Doubleday. Hunter visited U.S. rocket and missile sites during the late 1950s; he", "id": "20560131" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\na single-stage-to-orbit vehicle. Five companies expressed interest and proposed concepts. Three (LM, Rockwell and McDonnell Douglas) were selected for workup into more detailed proposals. Rockwell proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design. It would have used one Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) and two RL-10-5A engines. In a subsequent full-scale system to reach orbit Rockwell planned to use six Rocketdyne RS-2100 engines. McDonnell Douglas featured a design using liquid oxygen/hydrogen bell engines based on its vertical takeoff", "id": "9997282" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\nresearch ways to make more efficient use of the wing surface during high-speed maneuvers. The Directorate is also a collaborator with DARPA, the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Sandia National Laboratories and AFRL's Space Vehicles Directorate on the FALCON program, which includes the HTV-3X Blackswift hypersonic flight demonstration vehicle. The Air Vehicles Directorate also collaborated with NASA and Boeing on the initial work for the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle and the 80% scaled version, X-40A Space Maneuver Vehicle, prior to the classification of the program and", "id": "1842734" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nparts for re-use. After landing the vehicle would be refit, mated with another tank, and be ready for another mission. Hunter moved to Lockheed in the fall of 1965. On his first day he was asked if there was anything Lockheed should be looking at, and he immediately suggested development of his stage-and-a-half design. His suggestions caught the ear of Eugene Root, president of Lockheed Missiles and Space, who gave him the go-ahead to study what became known as the Star", "id": "7750834" }, { "contents": "PGM-17 Thor\n\n\ndeployment as a missile a few years after deployment, the Thor rocket found widespread use as a space launch vehicle. It was the first in a large family of space launch vehicles—the Delta rockets. The last remaining descendant of the Thor, the Delta II, was retired in 2018, and the Delta IV is based on entirely new technology, unlike the Delta II. see Project Emily Stations and Squadrons Family: Thor IRBM, Thor DM-18 (single stage LV); Thor DM-19 (rocket 1st stage), Thor", "id": "15220989" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthree of its four landing pads deployed, which caused it to tip over on its side and explode. The project has not been continued since. From 1999 to 2001 Rotary Rocket attempted to build a SSTO vehicle called the Roton. It received a large amount of media attention and a working sub-scale prototype was completed, but the design was largely impractical. There have been various approaches to SSTO, including pure rockets that are launched and land vertically, air-breathing scramjet-powered vehicles that are launched and land horizontally", "id": "10328891" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\n. The facilities for testing rockets are frequently used for testing new rocket engines including the RS-68 rocket engine developed for use on the Delta IV launch vehicle. The space propulsion area also develops technologies for use in satellites on-orbit to alter their orbits. An AFRL-developed experimental Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) arcjet was flown on the ARGOS satellite in 1999 as part of the Air Force Space Test Program. The Directorate currently manages the X-51A program, which is developing a scramjet demonstration vehicle. The X-51 program is working", "id": "1842749" }, { "contents": "Laurel van der Wal\n\n\nhonors. Her graduate education was funded in part by a National Research Council fellowship to study aeronautics in Stockholm, Sweden. As a young engineer van der Wal worked at Douglas Aircraft as a data analyst on the Nike missile program, and later designing missile systems for the Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation. Starting in 1958, she was the project engineer on three MIA (Mouse-in-Able) launches from Cape Canaveral, as head of bioastronautics at Space Technology Laboratories. She was named the \"Los Angeles Times\"'s \"", "id": "12236594" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nThe National Launch System (or New Launch System) was a study authorized in 1991 by President George H. W. Bush to outline alternatives to the Space Shuttle for access to Earth orbit. Shortly thereafter, NASA asked Lockheed Missiles and Space, McDonnell Douglas, and TRW to perform a ten-month study. A series of launch vehicles was proposed, based around the proposed Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) liquid-fuel rocket engine. The STME was to be a simplified, expendable version of the Space Shuttle main engine (", "id": "11086741" }, { "contents": "Michael R. Clifford\n\n\nfrom the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and was designated an experimental test pilot. In December 1995, Clifford retired from the army. As a military officer, Clifford was assigned to the Johnson Space Center in July 1987. As a Space Shuttle Vehicle Integration engineer, his duties involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle Program. He was involved in design certification and integration of the Shuttle Crew Escape System, and was an executive board member of the Solid Rocket Booster Postflight Assessment Team. Selected as an astronaut", "id": "18151051" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n. In the Shuttle development effort he led a team working on vehicle aerodynamics and the main engines, which included developing full-scale component tests and scaling methodologies, and applying computational fluid dynamics to overcome a wide range of aerothermochemistry problems. He was Chief of the Aerophysics Division at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center until 1992, when he became Chief Aerodynamicist at the NASA Center. He was awarded the AIAA Aerodynamics Award in 1997 for his exceptional lifetime contributions to the aerodynamic design and analysis of strategic missiles and manned/unmanned launch", "id": "21371187" }, { "contents": "Robert A. Heinlein\n\n\noften in his fiction, as do fictitious strikable self-lighting cigarettes. In 1980 Robert Heinlein was a member of the Citizens Advisory Council on National Space Policy, chaired by Jerry Pournelle, which met at the home of SF writer Larry Niven to write space policy papers for the incoming Reagan Administration. Members included such aerospace industry leaders as former astronaut Buzz Aldrin, General Daniel O. Graham, aerospace engineer Max Hunter and North American Rockwell VP for Space Shuttle development George Merrick. Policy recommendations from the Council included ballistic missile defense concepts", "id": "5599733" }, { "contents": "Wernher von Braun\n\n\nUnited States, along with about 1,600 other German scientists, engineers, and technicians, as part of Operation Paperclip. He worked for the United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) program, and he developed the rockets that launched the United States' first space satellite Explorer 1. His group was assimilated into NASA, where he served as director of the newly formed Marshall Space Flight Center and as the chief architect of the Saturn V super heavy-lift launch vehicle that propelled the Apollo spacecraft to the", "id": "15033628" }, { "contents": "Jarvis (rocket)\n\n\nJarvis was a proposed American medium-lift launch vehicle for space launch, designed by Hughes Aircraft and Boeing during the mid-1980s as part of the joint United States Air Force (USAF)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Launch System (ALS) study. Intended to utilize engines and tooling in storage from the Saturn V rocket program along with Space Shuttle components, and projected to be capable of carrying up to six satellites into multiple orbits using a single launch (e.g. GPS constellation), the proposal failed to meet the ALS", "id": "15822979" }, { "contents": "Robert F. Overmyer\n\n\nMarch 1988, he joined the Space Station Team at McDonnell Douglas Aerospace, where he led crew and operations activities for seven years. He retired from McDonnell Douglas in April 1995 and expanded the scope of Mach Twenty Five International, continuing his aerospace consultation work as well as speaking engagements and writing. Overmyer continued his career as a general aviation test pilot. Having former experience with aeronautical testing at both U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School and NASA, he joined Minnesota-based aircraft manufacturer Cirrus Design (now called Cirrus Aircraft) as", "id": "19963429" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n, nuclear-powered vehicles, and even jet-engine-powered vehicles that can fly into orbit and return landing like an airliner, completely intact. For rocket-powered SSTO, the main challenge is achieving a high enough mass-ratio to carry sufficient propellant to achieve orbit, plus a meaningful payload weight. One possibility is to give the rocket an initial speed with a space gun, as planned in the Quicklaunch project. For air-breathing SSTO, the main challenge is system complexity and associated research and development costs", "id": "10328892" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfuel for increasing efficiency once in space. Further examples of Bono's early concepts (prior to the 1990s) which were never constructed include: Around 1985 the NASP project was intended to launch a scramjet vehicle into orbit, but funding was stopped and the project cancelled. At around the same time, the HOTOL tried to use precooled jet engine technology, but failed to show significant advantages over rocket technology. The DC-X, short for Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed one-third scale vertical takeoff and landing demonstrator", "id": "10328889" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nShuttle design. The detailed study of the cost advantages of the drop tank design demonstrated a dramatic reduction in development risk, and as a result, development costs. When funding for STS development was cut, the drop tank was taken up as a way to meet the developmental budgets, leading to the semi-reusable Space Shuttle design. Maxwell Hunter was working at Douglas Aircraft where he formalized the calculation of aircraft operation economics. His methodologies were first published in 1940, and were later applied to the Douglas DC-6 and DC-7.", "id": "7750829" }, { "contents": "Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle\n\n\nThe Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle, designed for NASA's Project Mercury, was the first American crewed space booster. It was used for six sub-orbital Mercury flights from 1960–61; culminating with the launch of the first, and 11 weeks later, the second American (and the second and third humans) in space. The four subsequent Mercury human spaceflights used the more powerful Atlas booster to enter low Earth orbit. A member of the Redstone rocket family, it was derived from the U.S. Army's Redstone ballistic missile and", "id": "11828011" }, { "contents": "British Aerospace HOTOL\n\n\nspace launch system. In 1982, British Aerospace (BAe), which was Europe's principal satellite-builder, began studying a prospective new launch system with the aim of providing launch costs that were 20 per cent of the American Space Shuttle operated by NASA. BAe became aware of work by British engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce on a suitable engine, and soon conceived of an unmanned, fully reuseable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) winged spaceplane as a launch vehicle. Thus, the project had soon became", "id": "14493503" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\nrole in the civilian NASA Project Mercury, Project Gemini and Project Apollo manned space programs along with military Space Shuttle flights. The mission of the unit today is performed by the 45th Space Wing (no direct lineage). Activated in December 1950, replacing 550th Guided Missiles Wing. the 6555th had a distinguished career launching and/or managing ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and payloads for the Ballistic Systems Division, the Space Systems Division and the Space & Missile Systems Organization. As a Wing or a Group, the 6555th earned ten Air", "id": "19923442" }, { "contents": "William H. Dana\n\n\ncontributions to the lifting body program, Dana received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal. In 1976 he received the Haley Space Flight Award from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) for his research work on the M2-F3 lifting body control systems. A member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Dana is the author of several technical papers. In 1993, he was inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Honor. During the X-15 program, eight pilots flew above 264,000 feet or 50 miles, thereby qualifying as astronauts according to", "id": "8766846" }, { "contents": "USAF Hunter-Killer\n\n\nHunter-Killer is an unofficial project name based upon an \"Aviation Week & Space Technology\" article. The U.S. Air Force's Hunter-Killer program was a tactical unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV) procurement program. The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, a variant of the MQ-1 Predator won the project and was deployed in Afghanistan. This is the U.S. Air Force program for which several companies have developed vehicles. Although the J-UCAS concept is a long way from the early idea of a \"reusable cruise missile\",", "id": "18825446" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nlong as launchers were thrown away, access to space would never be affordable. Several companies had already completed early feasibility studies of fully reusable spacecraft, like the Martin Marietta Astrorocket and Douglas Astro. The designs used two flyback stages, one of which flew back to the launch point, while the other flew into orbit and landed after its mission. Hunter thought that any such design was tantamount to making two aircraft to do the job of one, and it was only the upper stage that was of any real use. By", "id": "7750831" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\ndirector of the CIA under Director William Colby and from 1974–1976 he was the director of the DIA. Ronald Reagan called upon General Graham to be his military advisor for his 1976 and 1980 campaigns. General Graham is a member of the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame. In later years, Graham devoted a lot of time to the research and development of Single-Stage To Orbit (SSTO) spacecraft in conjunction with NASA. McDonnell Douglas was awarded a contract to build an SSTO test vehicle on August 16, 1991, and named", "id": "5770548" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nBased on its experience working with Minuteman assets, Space Vector was tasked by Lockheed in 1980 to help develop the Homing Overlay Experiment (HOE) booster for the U.S. Army which would go on to become the first successful hit-to-kill intercept of a mock ballistic missile warhead outside the Earth’s atmosphere. This technology was later used by the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and expanded into the Exoatmospheric Reentry-vehicle Interception System (ERIS) program. In 1982 Space Vector was tapped by Space Services Inc. of America (", "id": "7487030" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nPhilip Bono (13 January 1921 – 23 May 1993) was a Douglas Aircraft Company engineer. He was a pioneer of reusable vertical landing single-stage to orbit launch vehicles. As a visionary designer, he is credited with inventing the first version of a recoverable single-stage spacecraft booster, and his contributions influenced spacecraft design. Bono pursued single-stage space launch as simpler and cheaper. He realized to do this he would need to use high specific impulse liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engines. Afterwards he proposed to", "id": "3522770" }, { "contents": "Vance D. Coffman\n\n\nin Aerospace Engineering of Iowa State University (ISU). Coffman had three brothers, all of which studied at ISU within the engineering and science departments. Coffman has Master's and Doctorate graduate in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University. In 1967, Coffman joined Lockheed Martin Corporation's Space Systems Division, working on the development of space programs and data processing systems for the corporation. By 1988 he was president of the Space Systems Division. He directed the Hubble Space Telescope project for Lockheed. By 1998 he was the chairman and", "id": "11284872" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n\" commercial parts and currently-available technology, but Lockheed Martin was not interested enough to fund such a program themselves. On February 15, 1989, Pournelle, Graham and Hunter were able to procure a meeting with Vice-President Dan Quayle. They \"sold\" the idea to SDIO by noting that any space-based weapons system would need to be serviced by a spacecraft that was far more reliable than the Space Shuttle, and offer lower launch costs and have much better turnaround times. Given the uncertainties of the design", "id": "15420674" }, { "contents": "Abdul Majid (physicist)\n\n\nand joined Pakistan's Space Program as a researcher in astrophysics and aeronautical labs. Majid worked under the supervision of noted Pakistani-Polish military scientist and aeronautical engineer, Air Commodore W. J. M. Turowicz, in the field of Rocket Technology and published numerous research papers. He is credited for the design and developed the Hypersonic Rocket Launch Vehicle or Hatf Missiles Series during his stay at SUPARCO. In 1983, Dr Majid was put in-charge of Satellite Development Program of Pakistan. He is widely credited for the indigenous development and launching", "id": "14780917" }, { "contents": "Martin Knutson\n\n\n's aging fleet of F-104 support aircraft with F/A-18 Hornets. He also provided leadership for numerous flight research projects including the X-29 forward-swept-wing technology demonstrator; the Controlled Impact Demonstration, the F-15 Digital Electronic Engine Control project that integrated propulsion and flight controls, the Pegasus air-launched rocket for placing small payloads into low-Earth orbit; the CV-990 Landing Systems Research aircraft that tested improved braking systems for the space shuttle; and the F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle. After the Air Force announced the impending retirement", "id": "2519508" }, { "contents": "Pioneer Rocketplane\n\n\nMissile Range Officers’ Club on May 12, 1993. The original concept was developed by then Air Force Captain Mitchell Burnside Clapp, who envisioned an aerial refueled, rocket-powered single-stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicle using jet fuel and hydrogen peroxide. This concept seemed a natural match for the Air Force's TransAtmospheric Vehicle (TAV) mission and studies began at the USAF Phillips Laboratory. Aerospace engineering legend Burt Rutan and noted aircraft designer Dan Raymer contributed input to the development of the design. During the winter of", "id": "17524030" }, { "contents": "Thor (rocket family)\n\n\nThor was a US space launch vehicle derived from the PGM-17 Thor intermediate-range ballistic missile. The Thor rocket was the first member of the Delta rocket family of space launch vehicles. The last launch of a direct derivative of the Thor missile occurred in 2018 as the first stage of the final Delta II. Thor was first used as a launch vehicle during the testing program of the warhead reentry vehicle for the Atlas missile. For these three tests a Thor core stage was topped by the Able second stage. Able used the", "id": "21158637" }, { "contents": "Boeing X-37\n\n\nThe Boeing X-37, also known as the Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), is a reusable robotic spacecraft. It is boosted into space by a launch vehicle, then re-enters Earth's atmosphere and lands as a spaceplane. The X-37 is operated by the United States Air Force for orbital spaceflight missions intended to demonstrate reusable space technologies. It is a 120%-scaled derivative of the earlier Boeing X-40. The X-37 began as a NASA project in 1999, before being transferred to the U.S. Department of Defense in 2004. Its first", "id": "12510871" }, { "contents": "LGM-25C Titan II\n\n\nThe Titan II was an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and space launcher developed by the Glenn L. Martin Company from the earlier Titan I missile. Titan II was originally designed and used as an ICBM, but was later adapted as a medium-lift space launch vehicle to carry payloads to Earth orbit for the United States Air Force (USAF), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Those payloads included the USAF Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), NOAA weather", "id": "10861471" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\non the X-33 experience shared with NASA, Lockheed Martin hoped to make the business case for a full-scale SSTO RLV, called VentureStar, that would be developed and operated through commercial means. The intention was that rather than operate space transport systems as it has with the Space Shuttle, NASA would instead look to private industry to operate the reusable launch vehicle and NASA would purchase launch services from the commercial launch provider. Thus, the X-33 was not only about honing space flight technologies, but also about successfully demonstrating the technology", "id": "9997276" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nmake these vehicles reusable. From his ROOST design onwards Bono advocated space launch vehicles without wings, usually using rocket assisted vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL). According to his estimates, wings consisted mostly of dead weight that decreased launch payload mass. He patented a reusable plug nozzle rocket engine which had dual use as a heat shield for atmospheric reentry. His early 1960s concepts influenced later designs like the 1990s Delta Clipper, also from Douglas. Philip Bono was born in Brooklyn, New York on 13 January 1921. He graduated", "id": "3522771" }, { "contents": "Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment\n\n\nof new space services and other activities that would improve U.S. economic competitiveness. The program implemented the National Space Transportation Policy, which is designed to accelerate the development of new launch technologies and concepts to contribute to the continuing commercialization of the national space launch industry. Both the X-33 and the smaller X-34 technology testbed demonstrator were under the Space Transportation Program Offices at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. The air-launched, winged X-34 also was to demonstrate technologies applicable to future-generation reusable launch vehicles designed to dramatically", "id": "20761669" }, { "contents": "Adolf Thiel\n\n\nfor the Thor ballistic missile, which became a first-stage launch for the Explorer spacecraft. He was director of space projects for TRW when it developed Explorer VI and Pioneer V, two of the earliest US craft to explore interplanetary space. He oversaw all of TRW's space programs during the 1970s. After his retirement in 1980 as a senior vice president, Thiel served as an executive consultant to TRW and on NASA planning groups. He was named a fellow of the American Astronautical Society in 1968. He married Frances Thiel", "id": "11277096" }, { "contents": "BAC Mustard\n\n\nin other space programmes, such as the American Space Shuttle. Mustard was a modular re-usable space launch system, comprising multiple copies of a single vehicle design, each of which was configured for a different role as a booster stage or an orbital spaceplane. The core vehicle design resembled the basic layout of the Douglas Astro, both being delta-winged reusable vehicles, as would the later American Space Shuttle. Furthermore, all three functioned as vertically-launched rockets and used integral wings so that they could land horizontally,", "id": "11296482" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nSSIA) to fabricate and launch the Conestoga I off Matagorda Island, Texas which became the first privately funded rocket to reach space. In 1992 Space Vector teamed with Coleman Research Corporation (now a division of L-3 Communications) and Aerotherm to provide the Army Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC) with 25 Hera target vehicles to support testing of THAAD and Patriot PAC-3 anti-ballistic missile systems. Space Vector went on to earn the distinction in 1997 as the first company to air launch a minuteman based target vehicle. The single", "id": "7487031" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n-range ballistic missile and the large Saturn I booster rocket. Following the Russian Sputnik launch, in July 1960 he moved with other von Braun rocket scientists from the Army Ballistic Missile Agency to the newly founded NASA. There, as part of the Apollo moon-landing program, he made major contributions working on the Saturn V booster rocket, on aerothermodynamics, and on liquid hydrogen propellant systems. He subsequently was involved in numerous projects contributing to the nation's manned and unmanned space flight programs, especially Skylab and the Space Shuttle", "id": "21371186" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nthe NLS-1 core stage. The NLS program did not venture beyond the planning stages and did not survive the Presidency of Bill Clinton, which started in January 1993. In 1992, Daniel Goldin was selected to replace Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly as NASA administrator. Goldin championed the motto, \"faster, better, cheaper,\" which may not have fit the ambitious NLS vision. A NASA history from 1998 says that reusable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) rockets and space planes such as the McDonnell Douglas DC", "id": "11086743" }, { "contents": "Gary Hudson (engineer)\n\n\nGary Hudson has been involved in private spaceflight development for over 40 years. Hudson is best known as the founder of Rotary Rocket Company, which in spending ~$30 Million attempted to build a unique single stage to orbit launch vehicle known as the Roton. Rotary Rocket built a landing test simulator (the Roton ATV) which flew three successful test flights in 1999. He also helped found Transformational Space T/Space in 2004. He also helped found AirLaunch LLC which was awarded the DARPA/USAF FALCON project in 2003. Previous projects", "id": "10746924" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nof Space Shuttle Columbia touched down on Rogers Dry Lakebed, with Astronauts John Young and Robert Crippin successfully landing the first orbiting space vehicle ever to leave the Earth under rocket power and return to Earth aerodynamically for re-use. The \"Flying Wing\" returned to Edwards in the late 1980s when the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber began testing, and at a remote site, the F-117A Nighthawk stealth fighter. Air-Launched Cruise Missile, and LANTIRN systems were also tested during the 1980s. The 1990s saw the arrival of the Lockheed", "id": "14946576" }, { "contents": "Jerry Pournelle\n\n\nof making recommendation to the US Air Force on investment in technologies required to build the missile force to be deployed in 1975. After Project 75 was completed Pournelle became manager of several advanced concept studies. At North American Rockwell’s Space Division, Pournelle was associate director of operations research, where he took part in the Apollo program and general operations. He was founding President of the Pepperdine Research Institute. In 1989, Pournelle, Max Hunter, and retired Army Lieutenant General Daniel O. Graham made a presentation to then Vice President Dan", "id": "16491387" }, { "contents": "United States Air Force Plant 42\n\n\nby McDonnell Douglas, St. Louis, Missouri, and transported by aircraft to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. They were also transported by aircraft from Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility to the Kennedy Space Center. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration had been paying the Air Force for use of Plant 42 facilities for the shuttle work. NASA decided in February 2002 to shift space shuttle overhaul and modification work from Palmdale to Florida. Current projects include design, engineering, pre-production, production, modification, flight testing, servicing and repair", "id": "9173070" }, { "contents": "William C. Schwartz\n\n\nspace vehicles and orbital calculations. He was a member of the founding group within NAA involved with the development of space vehicles and which developed the Apollo program. In the early 1960s, he moved to The Martin Company (later Martin Marietta and now Lockheed Martin), where he managed three departments, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Human Factors for the missile developer. It was during this period that he became involved in laser research and development. Shortly after the invention of the laser in 1960, Martin recognized its potential in", "id": "13650865" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthat could lead to an SSTO vehicle. The one-third-size test craft was operated and maintained by a small team of three people based out of a trailer, and the craft was once relaunched less than 24 hours after landing. Although the test program was not without mishap (including a minor explosion), the DC-X demonstrated that the maintenance aspects of the concept were sound. That project was cancelled when it landed with three of four legs deployed, tipped over, and exploded on the fourth flight after", "id": "10328911" }, { "contents": "Marti Sarigul-Klijn\n\n\nDr. Marti Sarigul-Klijn is an expert at rapidly designing, fabricating, and test flying proof-of-concept prototypes. He holds a Ph.D. in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and is a graduate of the United States Naval Test Pilot School and the United States Naval Academy. After completing twenty years in the Navy with the final rank of Commander, he has since worked on over 20 design proposals that include aircraft, UAV's, rocket propulsion, and space launch vehicles. Seven of these proposals continued to", "id": "11065599" }, { "contents": "Jerauld R. Gentry\n\n\nJerauld Richard \"Jerry\" Gentry (May 16, 1935 – March 3, 2003) was a United States Air Force (USAF) test pilot and Vietnam combat veteran. As chief USAF pilot of the Lifting Body Research Program, he helped validate the concept of flying a wingless vehicle back to Earth from space and landing it like an aircraft—an approach used by the Space Shuttle and to a greater degree by vehicles such as the Lockheed Martin X-33 and NASA X-38. Gentry completed thirty lifting body flights including the first flight", "id": "21488944" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nlifting body shape, composite multi-lobed liquid fuel tanks, and the aerospike engine, NASA and Lockheed Martin hoped to test fly a craft that would demonstrate the viability of a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) design. A spacecraft capable of reaching orbit in a single stage would not require external fuel tanks or boosters to reach low Earth orbit. Doing away with the need for \"staging\" with launch vehicles, such as with the Shuttle and the Apollo rockets, would lead to an inherently more reliable", "id": "9997271" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfor a proposed SSTO. It is one of only a few prototype SSTO vehicles ever built. Several other prototypes were intended, including the DC-X2 (a half-scale prototype) and the DC-Y, a full-scale vehicle which would be capable of single stage insertion into orbit. Neither of these were built, but the project was taken over by NASA in 1995, and they built the DC-XA, an upgraded one-third scale prototype. This vehicle was lost when it landed with only", "id": "10328890" }, { "contents": "Landing gear\n\n\ne.g., the Space Shuttle, or the USAF X-37), landing gear have been largely absent from orbital vehicles during the early decades since the advent of spaceflight technology, when orbital space transport has been the exclusive preserve of national-monopoly governmental space programs. Each spaceflight system to date has relied on expendable boosters to begin each ascent to orbital velocity. Recent advances in private space transport, where new competition to governmental space initiatives has emerged, have included the explicit design of landing gear into orbital booster rockets. SpaceX has initiated", "id": "10876701" }, { "contents": "Eric Boe\n\n\ninvolves work with displays and controls for future space vehicles. He made his first trip to space as pilot of during STS-126 on November 14, 2008. Boe flew his second space flight as pilot on STS-133, the final scheduled flight of the Space Shuttle \"Discovery\" and the third-to-last flight of the Space Shuttle program. In August 2012, Boe was named Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office. In July 2015, NASA announced Boe as one of the first astronauts for U.S. Commercial spaceflights. Subsequently, he", "id": "14264618" }, { "contents": "Melvin B. Zisfein\n\n\nMelvin B. Zisfein (1926-1995) was an aircraft designer and a Deputy Director of the U.S. National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC. Zisfein graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with degrees in aeronautical engineering (B.S. 1948; M.S. 1948) and worked as a designer, aerodynamicist, and manager for aircraft companies from then until 1966. He was associate director of the Franklin Institute Research Laboratories from 1966 to 1971. From 1971 to 1982 he served as the deputy director of the National Air and Space Museum,", "id": "1801139" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nselected from the Air Force's test pilot cadre. Additionally, the AFTC assisted with the testing of rocket engines and re-entry vehicles. Along with the X-15, pilots at Edwards were expanding the frontiers of atmospheric flight, testing the XB-70 Valkyrie high-altitude bomber, along with the YF-12 interceptor for Air Defense Command and the SR-71 Blackbird Strategic Reconnaissance aircraft for Strategic Air Command. With the decline of the military manned space mission after the NASA Lunar Landing Program ended, the Aerospace Research Pilot School was once again re-", "id": "14946574" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nDC-X were hired by Blue Origin, and their New Shepard vehicle was inspired by the DC-X design. Blue Origin does not require the high cross range capabilities, and therefore uses a base-first re-entry profile. Also, the DC-X provided inspiration for many elements of Armadillo Aerospace's, Masten Space Systems's, and TGV Rockets's spacecraft designs. Some NASA engineers believe that the DC-X could provide a solution for a crewed Mars lander. Had a DC-type craft been", "id": "15420693" }, { "contents": "Rockwell X-30\n\n\nThe Rockwell X-30 was an advanced technology demonstrator project for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP), part of a United States project to create a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spacecraft and passenger spaceliner. It was cancelled in the early 1990s before a prototype was completed, although much development work in advanced materials and aerospace design was completed. While a goal of a future NASP was a passenger liner capable of two-hour flights from Washington to Tokyo, the X-30 was planned for a crew of", "id": "16588465" }, { "contents": "SpaceDev\n\n\nSpaceDev, a part of the \"Space Systems Business\" of Sierra Nevada Corporation, is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work. It designed and built components for the hybrid rocket motors for Paul Allen's Tier One suborbital SpaceShipOne space program operated by Scaled Composites. It is also developing micro- and nano-satellites, a small expendable launch vehicle, the SpaceDev Streaker, and has designed a piloted suborbital and orbital spaceship of its own, the SpaceDev Dream Chaser, in collaboration with NASA. SpaceDev is based near San Diego in", "id": "16321029" }, { "contents": "Glenn L. Martin Company\n\n\nby the American space program as one of its first satellite booster rockets as part of Project Vanguard. The Vanguard was the first American space exploration rocket designed from scratch to be an orbital launch vehicle — rather than being a modified sounding rocket (like the Juno I) or a ballistic missile (like the U.S. Army's Redstone missile). Martin also designed and manufactured the huge and heavily armed Titan I and LGM-25C Titan II Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). Martin Company of Orlando, Florida, was the prime contractor for", "id": "10667744" }, { "contents": "Shuttlecraft (Star Trek)\n\n\nplanetary surface and space. Wernher Von Braun in the 1950s conceived of a reusable winged spacecraft as a ferry rocket. Plans for such vehicles were referred to as \"DC-3\" by spacecraft designer Maxime Faget and Integrated Launch and Reentry Vehicle (ILRV) by NASA. During the late 1960s, while \"\" was being broadcast, these concepts became known as Space Shuttle. In a speech given to the British Interplanetary Society in August 1968 George Mueller, head of the NASA Office of Manned Space Flight, mentioned the need for a", "id": "13203374" }, { "contents": "The Aerospace Corporation\n\n\n. Gen. Bernard A. Schriever announced the \"formation of a new nonprofit organization, The Aerospace Corporation, to serve the Air Force in the scientific and technical planning and management of missile-space programs.\" Among the earliest projects it supported were the Dyna-Soar orbital spaceplane, Project Mercury, and the man-rating of the Atlas (rocket) intercontinental ballistic missile. The Aerospace Corporation provided general systems engineering and technical direction for the Titan II missile, first tested in 1962, which became the launch vehicle for Project Gemini", "id": "15141218" }, { "contents": "Timothy Creamer\n\n\nPrior to his astronaut selection in 1998, he had been working as a space operations officer, with the Army Space Command, stationed in Houston, Texas. He is now the Army’s NASA Detachment commander. Creamer was assigned to NASA at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in July 1995 as a Space Shuttle vehicle integration test engineer. His duties primarily involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle. He was actively involved in the integrated tests of the systems for each Orbiter for its preparations for its", "id": "7264360" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nof the rocket, the Clipper Graham soared into the skies over the old White Sands Missile Range to a height of 3,120 meters (10,300 ft) and stayed in the air for over two minutes before landing. That flight was the highest and longest the vehicle had ever flown until then. Robert A. Heinlein dedicated his 1985 novel The Cat Who Walks Through Walls to Graham and eight of the other members of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy. Graham was chairman of the American Space Frontier Committee, the Coalition for", "id": "5770554" }, { "contents": "SpaceX\n\n\nhas one of the largest concentrations of aerospace headquarters, facilities, and/or subsidiaries in the U.S., including Boeing/McDonnell Douglas main satellite building campuses, Aerospace Corp., Raytheon, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Air Force Space Command's Space and Missile Systems Center at Los Angeles Air Force Base, Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems, Northrop Grumman, and AECOM, etc., with a large pool of aerospace engineers and recent college engineering graduates. SpaceX utilizes a high degree of vertical integration in the production of its rockets and rocket", "id": "10001424" }, { "contents": "William H. Gerstenmaier\n\n\n1980, Gerstenmaier moved to Houston, Texas, to work at the Johnson Space Center, researching propulsion related to the Space Shuttle, and was involved in the earliest phases of the International Space Station design. In 1984, he was a semi-finalist in the selection for NASA Astronaut Group 10. In 1988, he first served as manager of Space Shuttle Program Integration, and then went on to serve as head of the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle Operations Office. Following that, he became Director of Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom", "id": "13055214" }, { "contents": "Bruno Augenstein\n\n\nBruno Wilhelm Augenstein (March 16, 1923 – July 6, 2005) was a German-born mathematician and physicist who made important contributions in space technology, ballistic missile research, satellites, antimatter, and many other areas. Augenstein worked in the Aerophysics Laboratory at North American Aviation on diverse projects including weaponization of the V-2 rocket, a ramjet-powered vehicle that later became the Navajo missile. He entered RAND Corporation as a consultant and subcontractor in 1949. Initially at RAND he developed an interest in long range missiles. Augenstein", "id": "1664472" }, { "contents": "Robert R. Gilruth\n\n\nRobert Rowe Gilruth (October 8, 1913 – August 17, 2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. He worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics from 1937 to 1958 and its successor NASA, until his retirement in 1973. He was involved with early research into supersonic flight and rocket-powered aircraft, and then with the United States manned space program, including the Mercury, Gemini", "id": "19875506" } ]

[ { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nMaxwell White Hunter II (March 11, 1922 – November 10, 2001) was a prominent American aerospace engineer. He worked on the design of the Douglas B-42 and Douglas B-43 bombers, the Honest John, Nike-Ajax, and Nike-Zeus missiles, the Thor IRBM, and on parts of the Strategic Defense Initiative. In later years he worked on space-launch vehicles and was a proponent of Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) designs. He was honored in 1995 by the National Space Society", "id": "13829898" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvariety of projects including parts of the mammoth Strategic Defense Initiative. SDI gave him a chance at realizing a dream he had nurtured since the 1960s: the construction of a Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle. In 1984, Hunter proposed a vehicle he called the X-rocket, based on those earlier SSTO designs. The design was reviewed by LMSC's Astronautics Division (AD), which judged it worth pursuing, and by its Missile Systems Division (MSD), which did not. LMSC then", "id": "13829902" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\npayloads into Earth orbit today. After working for Douglas Aircraft from 1944 to 1961, Hunter joined the staff of the National Aeronautics and Space Council, a group that advised the U.S. president on space policy. Following several years in that position, he went back to the aerospace industry in 1965, spending over two decades with Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (LMSC). (LMSC was a division of Lockheed Corporation, which merged with Martin Marietta in 1995 to become Lockheed-Martin.) At LMSC, Hunter worked on a", "id": "13829901" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nspace systems. In this position he oversaw the production of military missiles including the Honest John artillery rocket, the Nike antiaircraft missile, and the Sparrow air-to-air missile. Douglas Aircraft began work on the Thor, an early Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM), in late 1955 and put Hunter in charge of that program. He assembled a small team of crack designers and brought the development to success in a short time. Thor became the basis of the McDonnell Douglas Delta rocket, whose descendants are still boosting", "id": "13829900" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nand High Frontier convinced SDI management and other national officials that a study should be initiated to determine once and for all the feasibility of SSTO vehicles for military missions. This led to a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) program to design a single-stage vehicle that could replace military satellites on short notice during a national emergency. This vehicle was known as the Delta Clipper. McDonnell Douglas Corporation was contracted to build and test fly a one-third-scale, suborbital testbed called the DC-X, or Delta Clipper", "id": "13829904" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvehicle tipped over at landing. Funding to make repairs and continue flight tests was not made available. Max Hunter continued to advise on space policy issues and advocate the building of SSTO vehicles for airline-like access to space, a goal he was sure could be attained. He chaired the Rules Committee for the Ansari X Prize, announced in 1996, a $10 million prize for the first reusable craft to reach space twice within two weeks without substantial refit. In October 2000, he agreed to serve as Chairman of the", "id": "13829906" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nExperimental. While not capable of spaceflight, the DC-X incorporated many of the technologies needed for an SSTO vehicle, including highly automated systems enabling a quick turnaround (just twenty-six hours) between launches. It made eight successful test flights between August 18, 1993, and July 7, 1995, and then was taken over by NASA and flown four times as the DC-XA between May 18 and July 31, 1996. It was damaged on its last flight when one landing strut failed to deploy and the", "id": "13829905" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nfor lifelong contributions to the technology of spaceflight. Maxwell Hunter was born in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania and graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in that state with a degree in physics and mathematics. In 1944, he earned a Master's Degree in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). After earning his MS from MIT, Hunter went to work for the Douglas Aircraft Company. He became their chief designer in aeronautics, working on modifications of the B-42 and B-43 bombers. Later he was promoted to chief engineer for", "id": "13829899" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\ndeclined to support further work on the X-rocket, and Hunter retired. As an independent consultant, he renamed the concept SSX (for Space Ship Experimental), and began to refine it. In December 1988 the ad hoc Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy was briefed on the concept by Hunter and others. The general concept was endorsed by the Council and by High Frontier, Inc., a Washington-based group headed by Lt. Gen. Daniel O. Graham that lobbied for SDI programs. Working together, Hunter", "id": "13829903" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nAdvisory Board for the Undersea Hotel Project of the Cala Corporation. He died at Stanford Hospital, Stanford, California on the evening of November 10, 2001 after a lingering illness. Max Hunter was Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Beta Pi, and a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), the American Astronautical Society (AAS), and the British Interplanetary Society (BIS). He was also a member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) and an honorary member of the Japanese Rocket Society", "id": "13829907" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nThe DC-X, short for Delta Clipper or Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed prototype of a reusable single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle built by McDonnell Douglas in conjunction with the United States Department of Defense's Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) from 1991 to 1993. Starting 1994 until 1995, testing continued through funding of the US civil space agency NASA. In 1996, the DC-X technology was completely transferred to NASA, which upgraded the design for improved performance to create the DC-XA", "id": "15420672" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nvehicles was prepared by Chrysler Corporation's Space Division in 1970–1971 under NASA contract NAS8-26341. Their proposal (Shuttle SERV) was an enormous vehicle with more than of payload, utilizing jet engines for (vertical) landing. While the technical problems seemed to be solvable, the USAF required a winged design that led to the Shuttle as we know it today. The uncrewed DC-X technology demonstrator, originally developed by McDonnell Douglas for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program office, was an attempt to build a vehicle", "id": "10328910" }, { "contents": "David Urie\n\n\nsystem before initiating and heading the Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) and X-33 Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Programs at Lockheed. Urie's work as the program manager for the previously classified Have Region project demonstrated that rocket-powered single-stage-to-orbit vehicles were technically feasible, which led to the Lockheed Martin SSTO design approach. As a Director of the Lockheed-Martin Skunk Works SSTO/RLV Advanced Technology Demonstration Program, Urie conceived and developed the aerospike rocket propelled lifting body that was selected by NASA as", "id": "20876395" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nearly stages of flight; and flight within Earth's atmosphere, which limits speed in the early stages of flight and influences engine performance. Additionally, the retirement of NASA's Shuttle launch vehicle has resulted in a substantial reduction in the cost to launch a kilogram of payload to either low Earth orbit or the International Space Station, removing the main projected advantage of the SSTO concept. Notable single stage to orbit concepts include Skylon, the DC-X, the Lockheed Martin X-33, and the Roton SSTO. However, despite showing", "id": "10328885" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nThe Lockheed Martin X-33 was an uncrewed, sub-scale technology demonstrator suborbital spaceplane developed in the 1990s under the U.S. government-funded Space Launch Initiative program. The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for the VentureStar orbital spaceplane, which was planned to be a next-generation, commercially operated reusable launch vehicle. The X-33 would flight-test a range of technologies that NASA believed it needed for single-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicles (SSTO RLVs), such as metallic thermal protection systems, composite cryogenic fuel tanks", "id": "9997267" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n. During the 1960s some of the first concept designs for this kind of craft began to emerge. One of the earliest SSTO concepts was the expendable One stage Orbital Space Truck (OOST) proposed by Philip Bono, an engineer for Douglas Aircraft Company. A reusable version named ROOST was also proposed. Another early SSTO concept was a reusable launch vehicle named NEXUS which was proposed by Krafft Arnold Ehricke in the early 1960s. It was one of the largest spacecraft ever conceptualized with a diameter of over 50 metres and the capability to", "id": "10328887" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n. According to writer Jerry Pournelle: \"DC-X was conceived in my living room and sold to National Space Council Chairman Dan Quayle by General Graham, Max Hunter and me.\" According to Max Hunter, however, he had tried hard to convince Lockheed Martin of the concept's value for several years before he retired. Hunter had written a paper in 1985 entitled \"The Opportunity\", detailing the concept of a Single-Stage-To-Orbit spacecraft built with low-cost \"off-the-shelf", "id": "15420673" }, { "contents": "Rob Meyerson\n\n\nInitiative contract with NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. Meyerson launched his career as an aerospace engineer at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) from 1985 to 1997 working on human spaceflight systems, including the aerodynamic design of the Space Shuttle orbiter drag parachute, as well as the overall design, integration, and flight test of a gliding parachute for the X-38 Crew Rescue Vehicle, a crew return vehicle designed to return astronauts to earth from the International Space Station. Meyerson began with NASA in 1985 as a cooperative education student at JSC", "id": "8603673" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nfor the X-33 was selected over competing concepts from Boeing and McDonnell Douglas. Boeing proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design, and McDonnell Douglas proposed a design based on its vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL) DC-XA test vehicle. The uncrewed X-33 was slated to fly 15 suborbital hops to near 75.8 km altitude. It was to be launched upright like a rocket and rather than having a straight flight path it would fly diagonally up for half the flight, reaching extremely high altitudes, and then for the rest of the", "id": "9997274" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nThe methodologies were later adopted as a standard by the Air Transport Association. He later joined the Thor missile project as the chief design engineer, and this introduced him to the world of space launchers. With new upper stages, Thor became the Delta, one of the most-used launchers in the 1960s. In spite of Thor's success, Hunter was dissatisfied with the state of the launcher market and later wrote that \"by the end of 1963 the state of recoverable rockets was terrible.\" He was convinced that as", "id": "7750830" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nit the DC-X for Delta Clipper Experimental. The name honored the firm's successful Thor/Delta rocket and recalled the famous 19th-century commercial clipper ships. The McDonnell Douglas SSTO team saw the Delta Clipper as opening the \"space trade routes in the same way that the Yankee Clipper ships opened the sea trade routes.\" The needs of the commercial launch industry thus were integral to the thinking of the McDonnell Douglas DC-X team. General Graham envisioned the DC-X as the perfect inexpensive launch and delivery", "id": "5770549" }, { "contents": "George Huebner\n\n\nproduce intercontinental ballistic missiles. Huebner was named executive engineer in charge of Chrysler's Missile Branch. At the time he was serving as executive engineer of research for Chrysler in their automotive division. He developed a complete research and development missile facility that included engineering, testing, and production of the Redstone rocket. These rockets ultimately launched into orbit the first U.S. satellites and the first manned space flights. Huebner worked closely with Wernher von Braun on the space program. For two years he worked on this rocket project and then went back", "id": "15004097" }, { "contents": "Reusable launch system\n\n\nthe McDonnell Douglas Delta Clipper VTOL SSTO proposal progressed to the testing phase. The DC-X prototype demonstrated rapid turnaround time and automatic computer control. In mid-1990, British research evolved an earlier HOTOL design into the far more promising Skylon design, which remains in development. From the commercial side, Rocketplane Kistler and Rotary Rocket attempted to build reusable privately developed rockets before going bankrupt. NASA proposed risky reusable concepts to replace the Shuttle technology, to be demonstrated under the X-33 and X-34 programs, which were both cancelled in the early", "id": "19421229" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\na number of SSTO advocates to reconsider hydrogen as a satisfactory fuel. The late Max Hunter, while employing hydrogen fuel in the DC-X, often said that he thought the first successful orbital SSTO would more likely be fueled by propane. Some SSTO concepts use the same engine for all altitudes, which is a problem for traditional engines with a bell-shaped nozzle. Depending on the atmospheric pressure, different bell shapes are optimal. Engines operating in the lower atmosphere have shorter bells than those designed to work in vacuum.", "id": "10328899" }, { "contents": "George Mueller (NASA)\n\n\ndesigns ranged from 'simple' concepts like Martin Marietta's six person reusable craft similar to the Dyna-Soar (launched by a Titan III-M), to partially reusable concepts like Lockheed's Star Clipper or Tip Tank from McDonnell Douglas, to fully reusable two-stage vehicles like the one proposed by General Dynamics. Following this symposium Mueller continued to champion a \"space shuttle\". He did not invent the term, but he made it his own. He was also a keen proponent of space stations and was", "id": "16249187" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nIn October 2000, Beal Aerospace ceased operations citing a decision by NASA and the Department of Defense to commit themselves to the development of the competing government-financed EELV program. In 1998 Rotary Rocket proposed the Roton, a Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) piloted Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) space transport. A full scale Roton Atmospheric Test Vehicle flew three times in 1999. After spending tens of millions of dollars in development the Roton failed to secure launch contracts and Rotary Rocket ceased operations in 2001. On", "id": "288621" }, { "contents": "List of human spaceflight programs\n\n\ncommissioned by the Russian Aerospace Agency since 1993. The Kankoh-maru (観光丸? Kankōmaru) is the name of a proposed vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL), single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), reusable launch system (rocket-powered spacecraft). The Ansari X Prize was a space competition in which the X Prize Foundation offered a US$10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable crewed spacecraft into space twice within two weeks. Twenty-six teams from around the world", "id": "19978394" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nby 2016, and some space ventures have had to turn away investor funding. After earlier first effort of OTRAG, in the 1990s the projection of a significant demand for communications satellite launches attracted the development of a number of commercial space launch providers. The launch demand largely vanished when some of the largest satellite constellations, such as 288 satellite Teledesic network, were never built. In 1996 NASA selected Lockheed Martin Skunk Works to build the X-33 VentureStar prototype for a single stage to orbit (SSTO) reusable launch vehicle. In 1999", "id": "288619" }, { "contents": "James Smith McDonnell\n\n\nMcDonnell Aircraft Corporation in 1939. Headquartered in St. Louis, the company quickly grew into a principal supplier of fighter aircraft to the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy, including the F-4 Phantom II fighter and the Mercury and Gemini space capsules. In 1967, McDonnell Aircraft merged with the Douglas Aircraft Company to create McDonnell Douglas. Later that year Douglas Aircraft Company's space and missiles division became part of a new subsidiary called McDonnell Douglas Astronautics, located in Huntington Beach, California, producing the Delta series of launch vehicles. The new", "id": "21028393" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\ndeath, the first launch vehicle based on his designs, the McDonnell Douglas DC-X (Delta Clipper) began a largely successful series of test flights. The DC-X was a vertical-takeoff and vertical landing vehicle. The series of test flights began on 18 August 1993 and continued until the upgraded version of the launch vehicle (renamed the DC-XA) tipped over on landing on July 31, 1996. Among Bono's visionary designs was a 1960 Boeing design for a manned Mars spacecraft capable of carrying a", "id": "3522773" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\neight Block II satellites for flights on the new Delta II expendable Medium Launch Vehicle in lieu of the Space Shuttle. Space Division awarded the Medium Launch Vehicle (MLV) contract to McDonnell-Douglas Astronautics Company on 21 January 1987. However, unlike earlier commercial arrangements, the company would no longer be under contract to NASA. Under the new Commercial Expendable Launch Vehicle program encouraged by president Ronald Reagan since 1983, McDonnell-Douglas would be responsible for producing, marketing and launching its commercial Delta IIs. The Air Force would be", "id": "19923501" }, { "contents": "Mel Hunter\n\n\nfor the years 1960-1962. As Hunter's science fiction career blossomed, so did his technical and scientific illustrations. Hunter's love of air and space took him from California's desert runways to Florida's seacoast launchpads to illustrate every variety of jet-age aircraft and space-age rocket imaginable—from X-15 to Saturn V. One of Hunter's best-known books is \"The Missilemen\", a photo illustrated work published in 1960 by Doubleday. Hunter visited U.S. rocket and missile sites during the late 1950s; he", "id": "20560131" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\na single-stage-to-orbit vehicle. Five companies expressed interest and proposed concepts. Three (LM, Rockwell and McDonnell Douglas) were selected for workup into more detailed proposals. Rockwell proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design. It would have used one Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) and two RL-10-5A engines. In a subsequent full-scale system to reach orbit Rockwell planned to use six Rocketdyne RS-2100 engines. McDonnell Douglas featured a design using liquid oxygen/hydrogen bell engines based on its vertical takeoff", "id": "9997282" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\nresearch ways to make more efficient use of the wing surface during high-speed maneuvers. The Directorate is also a collaborator with DARPA, the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Sandia National Laboratories and AFRL's Space Vehicles Directorate on the FALCON program, which includes the HTV-3X Blackswift hypersonic flight demonstration vehicle. The Air Vehicles Directorate also collaborated with NASA and Boeing on the initial work for the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle and the 80% scaled version, X-40A Space Maneuver Vehicle, prior to the classification of the program and", "id": "1842734" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nparts for re-use. After landing the vehicle would be refit, mated with another tank, and be ready for another mission. Hunter moved to Lockheed in the fall of 1965. On his first day he was asked if there was anything Lockheed should be looking at, and he immediately suggested development of his stage-and-a-half design. His suggestions caught the ear of Eugene Root, president of Lockheed Missiles and Space, who gave him the go-ahead to study what became known as the Star", "id": "7750834" }, { "contents": "PGM-17 Thor\n\n\ndeployment as a missile a few years after deployment, the Thor rocket found widespread use as a space launch vehicle. It was the first in a large family of space launch vehicles—the Delta rockets. The last remaining descendant of the Thor, the Delta II, was retired in 2018, and the Delta IV is based on entirely new technology, unlike the Delta II. see Project Emily Stations and Squadrons Family: Thor IRBM, Thor DM-18 (single stage LV); Thor DM-19 (rocket 1st stage), Thor", "id": "15220989" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthree of its four landing pads deployed, which caused it to tip over on its side and explode. The project has not been continued since. From 1999 to 2001 Rotary Rocket attempted to build a SSTO vehicle called the Roton. It received a large amount of media attention and a working sub-scale prototype was completed, but the design was largely impractical. There have been various approaches to SSTO, including pure rockets that are launched and land vertically, air-breathing scramjet-powered vehicles that are launched and land horizontally", "id": "10328891" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\n. The facilities for testing rockets are frequently used for testing new rocket engines including the RS-68 rocket engine developed for use on the Delta IV launch vehicle. The space propulsion area also develops technologies for use in satellites on-orbit to alter their orbits. An AFRL-developed experimental Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) arcjet was flown on the ARGOS satellite in 1999 as part of the Air Force Space Test Program. The Directorate currently manages the X-51A program, which is developing a scramjet demonstration vehicle. The X-51 program is working", "id": "1842749" }, { "contents": "Laurel van der Wal\n\n\nhonors. Her graduate education was funded in part by a National Research Council fellowship to study aeronautics in Stockholm, Sweden. As a young engineer van der Wal worked at Douglas Aircraft as a data analyst on the Nike missile program, and later designing missile systems for the Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation. Starting in 1958, she was the project engineer on three MIA (Mouse-in-Able) launches from Cape Canaveral, as head of bioastronautics at Space Technology Laboratories. She was named the \"Los Angeles Times\"'s \"", "id": "12236594" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nThe National Launch System (or New Launch System) was a study authorized in 1991 by President George H. W. Bush to outline alternatives to the Space Shuttle for access to Earth orbit. Shortly thereafter, NASA asked Lockheed Missiles and Space, McDonnell Douglas, and TRW to perform a ten-month study. A series of launch vehicles was proposed, based around the proposed Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) liquid-fuel rocket engine. The STME was to be a simplified, expendable version of the Space Shuttle main engine (", "id": "11086741" }, { "contents": "Michael R. Clifford\n\n\nfrom the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and was designated an experimental test pilot. In December 1995, Clifford retired from the army. As a military officer, Clifford was assigned to the Johnson Space Center in July 1987. As a Space Shuttle Vehicle Integration engineer, his duties involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle Program. He was involved in design certification and integration of the Shuttle Crew Escape System, and was an executive board member of the Solid Rocket Booster Postflight Assessment Team. Selected as an astronaut", "id": "18151051" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n. In the Shuttle development effort he led a team working on vehicle aerodynamics and the main engines, which included developing full-scale component tests and scaling methodologies, and applying computational fluid dynamics to overcome a wide range of aerothermochemistry problems. He was Chief of the Aerophysics Division at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center until 1992, when he became Chief Aerodynamicist at the NASA Center. He was awarded the AIAA Aerodynamics Award in 1997 for his exceptional lifetime contributions to the aerodynamic design and analysis of strategic missiles and manned/unmanned launch", "id": "21371187" }, { "contents": "Robert A. Heinlein\n\n\noften in his fiction, as do fictitious strikable self-lighting cigarettes. In 1980 Robert Heinlein was a member of the Citizens Advisory Council on National Space Policy, chaired by Jerry Pournelle, which met at the home of SF writer Larry Niven to write space policy papers for the incoming Reagan Administration. Members included such aerospace industry leaders as former astronaut Buzz Aldrin, General Daniel O. Graham, aerospace engineer Max Hunter and North American Rockwell VP for Space Shuttle development George Merrick. Policy recommendations from the Council included ballistic missile defense concepts", "id": "5599733" }, { "contents": "Wernher von Braun\n\n\nUnited States, along with about 1,600 other German scientists, engineers, and technicians, as part of Operation Paperclip. He worked for the United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) program, and he developed the rockets that launched the United States' first space satellite Explorer 1. His group was assimilated into NASA, where he served as director of the newly formed Marshall Space Flight Center and as the chief architect of the Saturn V super heavy-lift launch vehicle that propelled the Apollo spacecraft to the", "id": "15033628" }, { "contents": "Jarvis (rocket)\n\n\nJarvis was a proposed American medium-lift launch vehicle for space launch, designed by Hughes Aircraft and Boeing during the mid-1980s as part of the joint United States Air Force (USAF)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Launch System (ALS) study. Intended to utilize engines and tooling in storage from the Saturn V rocket program along with Space Shuttle components, and projected to be capable of carrying up to six satellites into multiple orbits using a single launch (e.g. GPS constellation), the proposal failed to meet the ALS", "id": "15822979" }, { "contents": "Robert F. Overmyer\n\n\nMarch 1988, he joined the Space Station Team at McDonnell Douglas Aerospace, where he led crew and operations activities for seven years. He retired from McDonnell Douglas in April 1995 and expanded the scope of Mach Twenty Five International, continuing his aerospace consultation work as well as speaking engagements and writing. Overmyer continued his career as a general aviation test pilot. Having former experience with aeronautical testing at both U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School and NASA, he joined Minnesota-based aircraft manufacturer Cirrus Design (now called Cirrus Aircraft) as", "id": "19963429" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n, nuclear-powered vehicles, and even jet-engine-powered vehicles that can fly into orbit and return landing like an airliner, completely intact. For rocket-powered SSTO, the main challenge is achieving a high enough mass-ratio to carry sufficient propellant to achieve orbit, plus a meaningful payload weight. One possibility is to give the rocket an initial speed with a space gun, as planned in the Quicklaunch project. For air-breathing SSTO, the main challenge is system complexity and associated research and development costs", "id": "10328892" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfuel for increasing efficiency once in space. Further examples of Bono's early concepts (prior to the 1990s) which were never constructed include: Around 1985 the NASP project was intended to launch a scramjet vehicle into orbit, but funding was stopped and the project cancelled. At around the same time, the HOTOL tried to use precooled jet engine technology, but failed to show significant advantages over rocket technology. The DC-X, short for Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed one-third scale vertical takeoff and landing demonstrator", "id": "10328889" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nShuttle design. The detailed study of the cost advantages of the drop tank design demonstrated a dramatic reduction in development risk, and as a result, development costs. When funding for STS development was cut, the drop tank was taken up as a way to meet the developmental budgets, leading to the semi-reusable Space Shuttle design. Maxwell Hunter was working at Douglas Aircraft where he formalized the calculation of aircraft operation economics. His methodologies were first published in 1940, and were later applied to the Douglas DC-6 and DC-7.", "id": "7750829" }, { "contents": "Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle\n\n\nThe Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle, designed for NASA's Project Mercury, was the first American crewed space booster. It was used for six sub-orbital Mercury flights from 1960–61; culminating with the launch of the first, and 11 weeks later, the second American (and the second and third humans) in space. The four subsequent Mercury human spaceflights used the more powerful Atlas booster to enter low Earth orbit. A member of the Redstone rocket family, it was derived from the U.S. Army's Redstone ballistic missile and", "id": "11828011" }, { "contents": "British Aerospace HOTOL\n\n\nspace launch system. In 1982, British Aerospace (BAe), which was Europe's principal satellite-builder, began studying a prospective new launch system with the aim of providing launch costs that were 20 per cent of the American Space Shuttle operated by NASA. BAe became aware of work by British engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce on a suitable engine, and soon conceived of an unmanned, fully reuseable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) winged spaceplane as a launch vehicle. Thus, the project had soon became", "id": "14493503" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\nrole in the civilian NASA Project Mercury, Project Gemini and Project Apollo manned space programs along with military Space Shuttle flights. The mission of the unit today is performed by the 45th Space Wing (no direct lineage). Activated in December 1950, replacing 550th Guided Missiles Wing. the 6555th had a distinguished career launching and/or managing ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and payloads for the Ballistic Systems Division, the Space Systems Division and the Space & Missile Systems Organization. As a Wing or a Group, the 6555th earned ten Air", "id": "19923442" }, { "contents": "William H. Dana\n\n\ncontributions to the lifting body program, Dana received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal. In 1976 he received the Haley Space Flight Award from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) for his research work on the M2-F3 lifting body control systems. A member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Dana is the author of several technical papers. In 1993, he was inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Honor. During the X-15 program, eight pilots flew above 264,000 feet or 50 miles, thereby qualifying as astronauts according to", "id": "8766846" }, { "contents": "USAF Hunter-Killer\n\n\nHunter-Killer is an unofficial project name based upon an \"Aviation Week & Space Technology\" article. The U.S. Air Force's Hunter-Killer program was a tactical unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV) procurement program. The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, a variant of the MQ-1 Predator won the project and was deployed in Afghanistan. This is the U.S. Air Force program for which several companies have developed vehicles. Although the J-UCAS concept is a long way from the early idea of a \"reusable cruise missile\",", "id": "18825446" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nlong as launchers were thrown away, access to space would never be affordable. Several companies had already completed early feasibility studies of fully reusable spacecraft, like the Martin Marietta Astrorocket and Douglas Astro. The designs used two flyback stages, one of which flew back to the launch point, while the other flew into orbit and landed after its mission. Hunter thought that any such design was tantamount to making two aircraft to do the job of one, and it was only the upper stage that was of any real use. By", "id": "7750831" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\ndirector of the CIA under Director William Colby and from 1974–1976 he was the director of the DIA. Ronald Reagan called upon General Graham to be his military advisor for his 1976 and 1980 campaigns. General Graham is a member of the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame. In later years, Graham devoted a lot of time to the research and development of Single-Stage To Orbit (SSTO) spacecraft in conjunction with NASA. McDonnell Douglas was awarded a contract to build an SSTO test vehicle on August 16, 1991, and named", "id": "5770548" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nBased on its experience working with Minuteman assets, Space Vector was tasked by Lockheed in 1980 to help develop the Homing Overlay Experiment (HOE) booster for the U.S. Army which would go on to become the first successful hit-to-kill intercept of a mock ballistic missile warhead outside the Earth’s atmosphere. This technology was later used by the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and expanded into the Exoatmospheric Reentry-vehicle Interception System (ERIS) program. In 1982 Space Vector was tapped by Space Services Inc. of America (", "id": "7487030" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nPhilip Bono (13 January 1921 – 23 May 1993) was a Douglas Aircraft Company engineer. He was a pioneer of reusable vertical landing single-stage to orbit launch vehicles. As a visionary designer, he is credited with inventing the first version of a recoverable single-stage spacecraft booster, and his contributions influenced spacecraft design. Bono pursued single-stage space launch as simpler and cheaper. He realized to do this he would need to use high specific impulse liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engines. Afterwards he proposed to", "id": "3522770" }, { "contents": "Vance D. Coffman\n\n\nin Aerospace Engineering of Iowa State University (ISU). Coffman had three brothers, all of which studied at ISU within the engineering and science departments. Coffman has Master's and Doctorate graduate in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University. In 1967, Coffman joined Lockheed Martin Corporation's Space Systems Division, working on the development of space programs and data processing systems for the corporation. By 1988 he was president of the Space Systems Division. He directed the Hubble Space Telescope project for Lockheed. By 1998 he was the chairman and", "id": "11284872" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n\" commercial parts and currently-available technology, but Lockheed Martin was not interested enough to fund such a program themselves. On February 15, 1989, Pournelle, Graham and Hunter were able to procure a meeting with Vice-President Dan Quayle. They \"sold\" the idea to SDIO by noting that any space-based weapons system would need to be serviced by a spacecraft that was far more reliable than the Space Shuttle, and offer lower launch costs and have much better turnaround times. Given the uncertainties of the design", "id": "15420674" }, { "contents": "Abdul Majid (physicist)\n\n\nand joined Pakistan's Space Program as a researcher in astrophysics and aeronautical labs. Majid worked under the supervision of noted Pakistani-Polish military scientist and aeronautical engineer, Air Commodore W. J. M. Turowicz, in the field of Rocket Technology and published numerous research papers. He is credited for the design and developed the Hypersonic Rocket Launch Vehicle or Hatf Missiles Series during his stay at SUPARCO. In 1983, Dr Majid was put in-charge of Satellite Development Program of Pakistan. He is widely credited for the indigenous development and launching", "id": "14780917" }, { "contents": "Martin Knutson\n\n\n's aging fleet of F-104 support aircraft with F/A-18 Hornets. He also provided leadership for numerous flight research projects including the X-29 forward-swept-wing technology demonstrator; the Controlled Impact Demonstration, the F-15 Digital Electronic Engine Control project that integrated propulsion and flight controls, the Pegasus air-launched rocket for placing small payloads into low-Earth orbit; the CV-990 Landing Systems Research aircraft that tested improved braking systems for the space shuttle; and the F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle. After the Air Force announced the impending retirement", "id": "2519508" }, { "contents": "Pioneer Rocketplane\n\n\nMissile Range Officers’ Club on May 12, 1993. The original concept was developed by then Air Force Captain Mitchell Burnside Clapp, who envisioned an aerial refueled, rocket-powered single-stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicle using jet fuel and hydrogen peroxide. This concept seemed a natural match for the Air Force's TransAtmospheric Vehicle (TAV) mission and studies began at the USAF Phillips Laboratory. Aerospace engineering legend Burt Rutan and noted aircraft designer Dan Raymer contributed input to the development of the design. During the winter of", "id": "17524030" }, { "contents": "Thor (rocket family)\n\n\nThor was a US space launch vehicle derived from the PGM-17 Thor intermediate-range ballistic missile. The Thor rocket was the first member of the Delta rocket family of space launch vehicles. The last launch of a direct derivative of the Thor missile occurred in 2018 as the first stage of the final Delta II. Thor was first used as a launch vehicle during the testing program of the warhead reentry vehicle for the Atlas missile. For these three tests a Thor core stage was topped by the Able second stage. Able used the", "id": "21158637" }, { "contents": "Boeing X-37\n\n\nThe Boeing X-37, also known as the Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), is a reusable robotic spacecraft. It is boosted into space by a launch vehicle, then re-enters Earth's atmosphere and lands as a spaceplane. The X-37 is operated by the United States Air Force for orbital spaceflight missions intended to demonstrate reusable space technologies. It is a 120%-scaled derivative of the earlier Boeing X-40. The X-37 began as a NASA project in 1999, before being transferred to the U.S. Department of Defense in 2004. Its first", "id": "12510871" }, { "contents": "LGM-25C Titan II\n\n\nThe Titan II was an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and space launcher developed by the Glenn L. Martin Company from the earlier Titan I missile. Titan II was originally designed and used as an ICBM, but was later adapted as a medium-lift space launch vehicle to carry payloads to Earth orbit for the United States Air Force (USAF), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Those payloads included the USAF Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), NOAA weather", "id": "10861471" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\non the X-33 experience shared with NASA, Lockheed Martin hoped to make the business case for a full-scale SSTO RLV, called VentureStar, that would be developed and operated through commercial means. The intention was that rather than operate space transport systems as it has with the Space Shuttle, NASA would instead look to private industry to operate the reusable launch vehicle and NASA would purchase launch services from the commercial launch provider. Thus, the X-33 was not only about honing space flight technologies, but also about successfully demonstrating the technology", "id": "9997276" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nmake these vehicles reusable. From his ROOST design onwards Bono advocated space launch vehicles without wings, usually using rocket assisted vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL). According to his estimates, wings consisted mostly of dead weight that decreased launch payload mass. He patented a reusable plug nozzle rocket engine which had dual use as a heat shield for atmospheric reentry. His early 1960s concepts influenced later designs like the 1990s Delta Clipper, also from Douglas. Philip Bono was born in Brooklyn, New York on 13 January 1921. He graduated", "id": "3522771" }, { "contents": "Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment\n\n\nof new space services and other activities that would improve U.S. economic competitiveness. The program implemented the National Space Transportation Policy, which is designed to accelerate the development of new launch technologies and concepts to contribute to the continuing commercialization of the national space launch industry. Both the X-33 and the smaller X-34 technology testbed demonstrator were under the Space Transportation Program Offices at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. The air-launched, winged X-34 also was to demonstrate technologies applicable to future-generation reusable launch vehicles designed to dramatically", "id": "20761669" }, { "contents": "Adolf Thiel\n\n\nfor the Thor ballistic missile, which became a first-stage launch for the Explorer spacecraft. He was director of space projects for TRW when it developed Explorer VI and Pioneer V, two of the earliest US craft to explore interplanetary space. He oversaw all of TRW's space programs during the 1970s. After his retirement in 1980 as a senior vice president, Thiel served as an executive consultant to TRW and on NASA planning groups. He was named a fellow of the American Astronautical Society in 1968. He married Frances Thiel", "id": "11277096" }, { "contents": "BAC Mustard\n\n\nin other space programmes, such as the American Space Shuttle. Mustard was a modular re-usable space launch system, comprising multiple copies of a single vehicle design, each of which was configured for a different role as a booster stage or an orbital spaceplane. The core vehicle design resembled the basic layout of the Douglas Astro, both being delta-winged reusable vehicles, as would the later American Space Shuttle. Furthermore, all three functioned as vertically-launched rockets and used integral wings so that they could land horizontally,", "id": "11296482" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nSSIA) to fabricate and launch the Conestoga I off Matagorda Island, Texas which became the first privately funded rocket to reach space. In 1992 Space Vector teamed with Coleman Research Corporation (now a division of L-3 Communications) and Aerotherm to provide the Army Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC) with 25 Hera target vehicles to support testing of THAAD and Patriot PAC-3 anti-ballistic missile systems. Space Vector went on to earn the distinction in 1997 as the first company to air launch a minuteman based target vehicle. The single", "id": "7487031" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n-range ballistic missile and the large Saturn I booster rocket. Following the Russian Sputnik launch, in July 1960 he moved with other von Braun rocket scientists from the Army Ballistic Missile Agency to the newly founded NASA. There, as part of the Apollo moon-landing program, he made major contributions working on the Saturn V booster rocket, on aerothermodynamics, and on liquid hydrogen propellant systems. He subsequently was involved in numerous projects contributing to the nation's manned and unmanned space flight programs, especially Skylab and the Space Shuttle", "id": "21371186" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nthe NLS-1 core stage. The NLS program did not venture beyond the planning stages and did not survive the Presidency of Bill Clinton, which started in January 1993. In 1992, Daniel Goldin was selected to replace Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly as NASA administrator. Goldin championed the motto, \"faster, better, cheaper,\" which may not have fit the ambitious NLS vision. A NASA history from 1998 says that reusable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) rockets and space planes such as the McDonnell Douglas DC", "id": "11086743" }, { "contents": "Gary Hudson (engineer)\n\n\nGary Hudson has been involved in private spaceflight development for over 40 years. Hudson is best known as the founder of Rotary Rocket Company, which in spending ~$30 Million attempted to build a unique single stage to orbit launch vehicle known as the Roton. Rotary Rocket built a landing test simulator (the Roton ATV) which flew three successful test flights in 1999. He also helped found Transformational Space T/Space in 2004. He also helped found AirLaunch LLC which was awarded the DARPA/USAF FALCON project in 2003. Previous projects", "id": "10746924" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nof Space Shuttle Columbia touched down on Rogers Dry Lakebed, with Astronauts John Young and Robert Crippin successfully landing the first orbiting space vehicle ever to leave the Earth under rocket power and return to Earth aerodynamically for re-use. The \"Flying Wing\" returned to Edwards in the late 1980s when the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber began testing, and at a remote site, the F-117A Nighthawk stealth fighter. Air-Launched Cruise Missile, and LANTIRN systems were also tested during the 1980s. The 1990s saw the arrival of the Lockheed", "id": "14946576" }, { "contents": "Jerry Pournelle\n\n\nof making recommendation to the US Air Force on investment in technologies required to build the missile force to be deployed in 1975. After Project 75 was completed Pournelle became manager of several advanced concept studies. At North American Rockwell’s Space Division, Pournelle was associate director of operations research, where he took part in the Apollo program and general operations. He was founding President of the Pepperdine Research Institute. In 1989, Pournelle, Max Hunter, and retired Army Lieutenant General Daniel O. Graham made a presentation to then Vice President Dan", "id": "16491387" }, { "contents": "United States Air Force Plant 42\n\n\nby McDonnell Douglas, St. Louis, Missouri, and transported by aircraft to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. They were also transported by aircraft from Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility to the Kennedy Space Center. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration had been paying the Air Force for use of Plant 42 facilities for the shuttle work. NASA decided in February 2002 to shift space shuttle overhaul and modification work from Palmdale to Florida. Current projects include design, engineering, pre-production, production, modification, flight testing, servicing and repair", "id": "9173070" }, { "contents": "William C. Schwartz\n\n\nspace vehicles and orbital calculations. He was a member of the founding group within NAA involved with the development of space vehicles and which developed the Apollo program. In the early 1960s, he moved to The Martin Company (later Martin Marietta and now Lockheed Martin), where he managed three departments, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Human Factors for the missile developer. It was during this period that he became involved in laser research and development. Shortly after the invention of the laser in 1960, Martin recognized its potential in", "id": "13650865" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthat could lead to an SSTO vehicle. The one-third-size test craft was operated and maintained by a small team of three people based out of a trailer, and the craft was once relaunched less than 24 hours after landing. Although the test program was not without mishap (including a minor explosion), the DC-X demonstrated that the maintenance aspects of the concept were sound. That project was cancelled when it landed with three of four legs deployed, tipped over, and exploded on the fourth flight after", "id": "10328911" }, { "contents": "Marti Sarigul-Klijn\n\n\nDr. Marti Sarigul-Klijn is an expert at rapidly designing, fabricating, and test flying proof-of-concept prototypes. He holds a Ph.D. in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and is a graduate of the United States Naval Test Pilot School and the United States Naval Academy. After completing twenty years in the Navy with the final rank of Commander, he has since worked on over 20 design proposals that include aircraft, UAV's, rocket propulsion, and space launch vehicles. Seven of these proposals continued to", "id": "11065599" }, { "contents": "Jerauld R. Gentry\n\n\nJerauld Richard \"Jerry\" Gentry (May 16, 1935 – March 3, 2003) was a United States Air Force (USAF) test pilot and Vietnam combat veteran. As chief USAF pilot of the Lifting Body Research Program, he helped validate the concept of flying a wingless vehicle back to Earth from space and landing it like an aircraft—an approach used by the Space Shuttle and to a greater degree by vehicles such as the Lockheed Martin X-33 and NASA X-38. Gentry completed thirty lifting body flights including the first flight", "id": "21488944" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nlifting body shape, composite multi-lobed liquid fuel tanks, and the aerospike engine, NASA and Lockheed Martin hoped to test fly a craft that would demonstrate the viability of a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) design. A spacecraft capable of reaching orbit in a single stage would not require external fuel tanks or boosters to reach low Earth orbit. Doing away with the need for \"staging\" with launch vehicles, such as with the Shuttle and the Apollo rockets, would lead to an inherently more reliable", "id": "9997271" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfor a proposed SSTO. It is one of only a few prototype SSTO vehicles ever built. Several other prototypes were intended, including the DC-X2 (a half-scale prototype) and the DC-Y, a full-scale vehicle which would be capable of single stage insertion into orbit. Neither of these were built, but the project was taken over by NASA in 1995, and they built the DC-XA, an upgraded one-third scale prototype. This vehicle was lost when it landed with only", "id": "10328890" }, { "contents": "Landing gear\n\n\ne.g., the Space Shuttle, or the USAF X-37), landing gear have been largely absent from orbital vehicles during the early decades since the advent of spaceflight technology, when orbital space transport has been the exclusive preserve of national-monopoly governmental space programs. Each spaceflight system to date has relied on expendable boosters to begin each ascent to orbital velocity. Recent advances in private space transport, where new competition to governmental space initiatives has emerged, have included the explicit design of landing gear into orbital booster rockets. SpaceX has initiated", "id": "10876701" }, { "contents": "Eric Boe\n\n\ninvolves work with displays and controls for future space vehicles. He made his first trip to space as pilot of during STS-126 on November 14, 2008. Boe flew his second space flight as pilot on STS-133, the final scheduled flight of the Space Shuttle \"Discovery\" and the third-to-last flight of the Space Shuttle program. In August 2012, Boe was named Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office. In July 2015, NASA announced Boe as one of the first astronauts for U.S. Commercial spaceflights. Subsequently, he", "id": "14264618" }, { "contents": "Melvin B. Zisfein\n\n\nMelvin B. Zisfein (1926-1995) was an aircraft designer and a Deputy Director of the U.S. National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC. Zisfein graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with degrees in aeronautical engineering (B.S. 1948; M.S. 1948) and worked as a designer, aerodynamicist, and manager for aircraft companies from then until 1966. He was associate director of the Franklin Institute Research Laboratories from 1966 to 1971. From 1971 to 1982 he served as the deputy director of the National Air and Space Museum,", "id": "1801139" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nselected from the Air Force's test pilot cadre. Additionally, the AFTC assisted with the testing of rocket engines and re-entry vehicles. Along with the X-15, pilots at Edwards were expanding the frontiers of atmospheric flight, testing the XB-70 Valkyrie high-altitude bomber, along with the YF-12 interceptor for Air Defense Command and the SR-71 Blackbird Strategic Reconnaissance aircraft for Strategic Air Command. With the decline of the military manned space mission after the NASA Lunar Landing Program ended, the Aerospace Research Pilot School was once again re-", "id": "14946574" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nDC-X were hired by Blue Origin, and their New Shepard vehicle was inspired by the DC-X design. Blue Origin does not require the high cross range capabilities, and therefore uses a base-first re-entry profile. Also, the DC-X provided inspiration for many elements of Armadillo Aerospace's, Masten Space Systems's, and TGV Rockets's spacecraft designs. Some NASA engineers believe that the DC-X could provide a solution for a crewed Mars lander. Had a DC-type craft been", "id": "15420693" }, { "contents": "Rockwell X-30\n\n\nThe Rockwell X-30 was an advanced technology demonstrator project for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP), part of a United States project to create a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spacecraft and passenger spaceliner. It was cancelled in the early 1990s before a prototype was completed, although much development work in advanced materials and aerospace design was completed. While a goal of a future NASP was a passenger liner capable of two-hour flights from Washington to Tokyo, the X-30 was planned for a crew of", "id": "16588465" }, { "contents": "SpaceDev\n\n\nSpaceDev, a part of the \"Space Systems Business\" of Sierra Nevada Corporation, is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work. It designed and built components for the hybrid rocket motors for Paul Allen's Tier One suborbital SpaceShipOne space program operated by Scaled Composites. It is also developing micro- and nano-satellites, a small expendable launch vehicle, the SpaceDev Streaker, and has designed a piloted suborbital and orbital spaceship of its own, the SpaceDev Dream Chaser, in collaboration with NASA. SpaceDev is based near San Diego in", "id": "16321029" }, { "contents": "Glenn L. Martin Company\n\n\nby the American space program as one of its first satellite booster rockets as part of Project Vanguard. The Vanguard was the first American space exploration rocket designed from scratch to be an orbital launch vehicle — rather than being a modified sounding rocket (like the Juno I) or a ballistic missile (like the U.S. Army's Redstone missile). Martin also designed and manufactured the huge and heavily armed Titan I and LGM-25C Titan II Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). Martin Company of Orlando, Florida, was the prime contractor for", "id": "10667744" }, { "contents": "Shuttlecraft (Star Trek)\n\n\nplanetary surface and space. Wernher Von Braun in the 1950s conceived of a reusable winged spacecraft as a ferry rocket. Plans for such vehicles were referred to as \"DC-3\" by spacecraft designer Maxime Faget and Integrated Launch and Reentry Vehicle (ILRV) by NASA. During the late 1960s, while \"\" was being broadcast, these concepts became known as Space Shuttle. In a speech given to the British Interplanetary Society in August 1968 George Mueller, head of the NASA Office of Manned Space Flight, mentioned the need for a", "id": "13203374" }, { "contents": "The Aerospace Corporation\n\n\n. Gen. Bernard A. Schriever announced the \"formation of a new nonprofit organization, The Aerospace Corporation, to serve the Air Force in the scientific and technical planning and management of missile-space programs.\" Among the earliest projects it supported were the Dyna-Soar orbital spaceplane, Project Mercury, and the man-rating of the Atlas (rocket) intercontinental ballistic missile. The Aerospace Corporation provided general systems engineering and technical direction for the Titan II missile, first tested in 1962, which became the launch vehicle for Project Gemini", "id": "15141218" }, { "contents": "Timothy Creamer\n\n\nPrior to his astronaut selection in 1998, he had been working as a space operations officer, with the Army Space Command, stationed in Houston, Texas. He is now the Army’s NASA Detachment commander. Creamer was assigned to NASA at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in July 1995 as a Space Shuttle vehicle integration test engineer. His duties primarily involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle. He was actively involved in the integrated tests of the systems for each Orbiter for its preparations for its", "id": "7264360" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nof the rocket, the Clipper Graham soared into the skies over the old White Sands Missile Range to a height of 3,120 meters (10,300 ft) and stayed in the air for over two minutes before landing. That flight was the highest and longest the vehicle had ever flown until then. Robert A. Heinlein dedicated his 1985 novel The Cat Who Walks Through Walls to Graham and eight of the other members of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy. Graham was chairman of the American Space Frontier Committee, the Coalition for", "id": "5770554" }, { "contents": "SpaceX\n\n\nhas one of the largest concentrations of aerospace headquarters, facilities, and/or subsidiaries in the U.S., including Boeing/McDonnell Douglas main satellite building campuses, Aerospace Corp., Raytheon, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Air Force Space Command's Space and Missile Systems Center at Los Angeles Air Force Base, Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems, Northrop Grumman, and AECOM, etc., with a large pool of aerospace engineers and recent college engineering graduates. SpaceX utilizes a high degree of vertical integration in the production of its rockets and rocket", "id": "10001424" }, { "contents": "William H. Gerstenmaier\n\n\n1980, Gerstenmaier moved to Houston, Texas, to work at the Johnson Space Center, researching propulsion related to the Space Shuttle, and was involved in the earliest phases of the International Space Station design. In 1984, he was a semi-finalist in the selection for NASA Astronaut Group 10. In 1988, he first served as manager of Space Shuttle Program Integration, and then went on to serve as head of the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle Operations Office. Following that, he became Director of Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom", "id": "13055214" }, { "contents": "Bruno Augenstein\n\n\nBruno Wilhelm Augenstein (March 16, 1923 – July 6, 2005) was a German-born mathematician and physicist who made important contributions in space technology, ballistic missile research, satellites, antimatter, and many other areas. Augenstein worked in the Aerophysics Laboratory at North American Aviation on diverse projects including weaponization of the V-2 rocket, a ramjet-powered vehicle that later became the Navajo missile. He entered RAND Corporation as a consultant and subcontractor in 1949. Initially at RAND he developed an interest in long range missiles. Augenstein", "id": "1664472" }, { "contents": "Robert R. Gilruth\n\n\nRobert Rowe Gilruth (October 8, 1913 – August 17, 2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. He worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics from 1937 to 1958 and its successor NASA, until his retirement in 1973. He was involved with early research into supersonic flight and rocket-powered aircraft, and then with the United States manned space program, including the Mercury, Gemini", "id": "19875506" } ]

[ { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nMaxwell White Hunter II (March 11, 1922 – November 10, 2001) was a prominent American aerospace engineer. He worked on the design of the Douglas B-42 and Douglas B-43 bombers, the Honest John, Nike-Ajax, and Nike-Zeus missiles, the Thor IRBM, and on parts of the Strategic Defense Initiative. In later years he worked on space-launch vehicles and was a proponent of Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) designs. He was honored in 1995 by the National Space Society", "id": "13829898" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvariety of projects including parts of the mammoth Strategic Defense Initiative. SDI gave him a chance at realizing a dream he had nurtured since the 1960s: the construction of a Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle. In 1984, Hunter proposed a vehicle he called the X-rocket, based on those earlier SSTO designs. The design was reviewed by LMSC's Astronautics Division (AD), which judged it worth pursuing, and by its Missile Systems Division (MSD), which did not. LMSC then", "id": "13829902" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\npayloads into Earth orbit today. After working for Douglas Aircraft from 1944 to 1961, Hunter joined the staff of the National Aeronautics and Space Council, a group that advised the U.S. president on space policy. Following several years in that position, he went back to the aerospace industry in 1965, spending over two decades with Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (LMSC). (LMSC was a division of Lockheed Corporation, which merged with Martin Marietta in 1995 to become Lockheed-Martin.) At LMSC, Hunter worked on a", "id": "13829901" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nspace systems. In this position he oversaw the production of military missiles including the Honest John artillery rocket, the Nike antiaircraft missile, and the Sparrow air-to-air missile. Douglas Aircraft began work on the Thor, an early Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM), in late 1955 and put Hunter in charge of that program. He assembled a small team of crack designers and brought the development to success in a short time. Thor became the basis of the McDonnell Douglas Delta rocket, whose descendants are still boosting", "id": "13829900" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nand High Frontier convinced SDI management and other national officials that a study should be initiated to determine once and for all the feasibility of SSTO vehicles for military missions. This led to a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) program to design a single-stage vehicle that could replace military satellites on short notice during a national emergency. This vehicle was known as the Delta Clipper. McDonnell Douglas Corporation was contracted to build and test fly a one-third-scale, suborbital testbed called the DC-X, or Delta Clipper", "id": "13829904" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvehicle tipped over at landing. Funding to make repairs and continue flight tests was not made available. Max Hunter continued to advise on space policy issues and advocate the building of SSTO vehicles for airline-like access to space, a goal he was sure could be attained. He chaired the Rules Committee for the Ansari X Prize, announced in 1996, a $10 million prize for the first reusable craft to reach space twice within two weeks without substantial refit. In October 2000, he agreed to serve as Chairman of the", "id": "13829906" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nExperimental. While not capable of spaceflight, the DC-X incorporated many of the technologies needed for an SSTO vehicle, including highly automated systems enabling a quick turnaround (just twenty-six hours) between launches. It made eight successful test flights between August 18, 1993, and July 7, 1995, and then was taken over by NASA and flown four times as the DC-XA between May 18 and July 31, 1996. It was damaged on its last flight when one landing strut failed to deploy and the", "id": "13829905" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nfor lifelong contributions to the technology of spaceflight. Maxwell Hunter was born in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania and graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in that state with a degree in physics and mathematics. In 1944, he earned a Master's Degree in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). After earning his MS from MIT, Hunter went to work for the Douglas Aircraft Company. He became their chief designer in aeronautics, working on modifications of the B-42 and B-43 bombers. Later he was promoted to chief engineer for", "id": "13829899" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\ndeclined to support further work on the X-rocket, and Hunter retired. As an independent consultant, he renamed the concept SSX (for Space Ship Experimental), and began to refine it. In December 1988 the ad hoc Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy was briefed on the concept by Hunter and others. The general concept was endorsed by the Council and by High Frontier, Inc., a Washington-based group headed by Lt. Gen. Daniel O. Graham that lobbied for SDI programs. Working together, Hunter", "id": "13829903" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nAdvisory Board for the Undersea Hotel Project of the Cala Corporation. He died at Stanford Hospital, Stanford, California on the evening of November 10, 2001 after a lingering illness. Max Hunter was Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Beta Pi, and a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), the American Astronautical Society (AAS), and the British Interplanetary Society (BIS). He was also a member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) and an honorary member of the Japanese Rocket Society", "id": "13829907" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nThe DC-X, short for Delta Clipper or Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed prototype of a reusable single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle built by McDonnell Douglas in conjunction with the United States Department of Defense's Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) from 1991 to 1993. Starting 1994 until 1995, testing continued through funding of the US civil space agency NASA. In 1996, the DC-X technology was completely transferred to NASA, which upgraded the design for improved performance to create the DC-XA", "id": "15420672" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nvehicles was prepared by Chrysler Corporation's Space Division in 1970–1971 under NASA contract NAS8-26341. Their proposal (Shuttle SERV) was an enormous vehicle with more than of payload, utilizing jet engines for (vertical) landing. While the technical problems seemed to be solvable, the USAF required a winged design that led to the Shuttle as we know it today. The uncrewed DC-X technology demonstrator, originally developed by McDonnell Douglas for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program office, was an attempt to build a vehicle", "id": "10328910" }, { "contents": "David Urie\n\n\nsystem before initiating and heading the Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) and X-33 Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Programs at Lockheed. Urie's work as the program manager for the previously classified Have Region project demonstrated that rocket-powered single-stage-to-orbit vehicles were technically feasible, which led to the Lockheed Martin SSTO design approach. As a Director of the Lockheed-Martin Skunk Works SSTO/RLV Advanced Technology Demonstration Program, Urie conceived and developed the aerospike rocket propelled lifting body that was selected by NASA as", "id": "20876395" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nearly stages of flight; and flight within Earth's atmosphere, which limits speed in the early stages of flight and influences engine performance. Additionally, the retirement of NASA's Shuttle launch vehicle has resulted in a substantial reduction in the cost to launch a kilogram of payload to either low Earth orbit or the International Space Station, removing the main projected advantage of the SSTO concept. Notable single stage to orbit concepts include Skylon, the DC-X, the Lockheed Martin X-33, and the Roton SSTO. However, despite showing", "id": "10328885" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nThe Lockheed Martin X-33 was an uncrewed, sub-scale technology demonstrator suborbital spaceplane developed in the 1990s under the U.S. government-funded Space Launch Initiative program. The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for the VentureStar orbital spaceplane, which was planned to be a next-generation, commercially operated reusable launch vehicle. The X-33 would flight-test a range of technologies that NASA believed it needed for single-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicles (SSTO RLVs), such as metallic thermal protection systems, composite cryogenic fuel tanks", "id": "9997267" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n. During the 1960s some of the first concept designs for this kind of craft began to emerge. One of the earliest SSTO concepts was the expendable One stage Orbital Space Truck (OOST) proposed by Philip Bono, an engineer for Douglas Aircraft Company. A reusable version named ROOST was also proposed. Another early SSTO concept was a reusable launch vehicle named NEXUS which was proposed by Krafft Arnold Ehricke in the early 1960s. It was one of the largest spacecraft ever conceptualized with a diameter of over 50 metres and the capability to", "id": "10328887" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n. According to writer Jerry Pournelle: \"DC-X was conceived in my living room and sold to National Space Council Chairman Dan Quayle by General Graham, Max Hunter and me.\" According to Max Hunter, however, he had tried hard to convince Lockheed Martin of the concept's value for several years before he retired. Hunter had written a paper in 1985 entitled \"The Opportunity\", detailing the concept of a Single-Stage-To-Orbit spacecraft built with low-cost \"off-the-shelf", "id": "15420673" }, { "contents": "Rob Meyerson\n\n\nInitiative contract with NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. Meyerson launched his career as an aerospace engineer at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) from 1985 to 1997 working on human spaceflight systems, including the aerodynamic design of the Space Shuttle orbiter drag parachute, as well as the overall design, integration, and flight test of a gliding parachute for the X-38 Crew Rescue Vehicle, a crew return vehicle designed to return astronauts to earth from the International Space Station. Meyerson began with NASA in 1985 as a cooperative education student at JSC", "id": "8603673" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nfor the X-33 was selected over competing concepts from Boeing and McDonnell Douglas. Boeing proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design, and McDonnell Douglas proposed a design based on its vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL) DC-XA test vehicle. The uncrewed X-33 was slated to fly 15 suborbital hops to near 75.8 km altitude. It was to be launched upright like a rocket and rather than having a straight flight path it would fly diagonally up for half the flight, reaching extremely high altitudes, and then for the rest of the", "id": "9997274" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nThe methodologies were later adopted as a standard by the Air Transport Association. He later joined the Thor missile project as the chief design engineer, and this introduced him to the world of space launchers. With new upper stages, Thor became the Delta, one of the most-used launchers in the 1960s. In spite of Thor's success, Hunter was dissatisfied with the state of the launcher market and later wrote that \"by the end of 1963 the state of recoverable rockets was terrible.\" He was convinced that as", "id": "7750830" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nit the DC-X for Delta Clipper Experimental. The name honored the firm's successful Thor/Delta rocket and recalled the famous 19th-century commercial clipper ships. The McDonnell Douglas SSTO team saw the Delta Clipper as opening the \"space trade routes in the same way that the Yankee Clipper ships opened the sea trade routes.\" The needs of the commercial launch industry thus were integral to the thinking of the McDonnell Douglas DC-X team. General Graham envisioned the DC-X as the perfect inexpensive launch and delivery", "id": "5770549" }, { "contents": "George Huebner\n\n\nproduce intercontinental ballistic missiles. Huebner was named executive engineer in charge of Chrysler's Missile Branch. At the time he was serving as executive engineer of research for Chrysler in their automotive division. He developed a complete research and development missile facility that included engineering, testing, and production of the Redstone rocket. These rockets ultimately launched into orbit the first U.S. satellites and the first manned space flights. Huebner worked closely with Wernher von Braun on the space program. For two years he worked on this rocket project and then went back", "id": "15004097" }, { "contents": "Reusable launch system\n\n\nthe McDonnell Douglas Delta Clipper VTOL SSTO proposal progressed to the testing phase. The DC-X prototype demonstrated rapid turnaround time and automatic computer control. In mid-1990, British research evolved an earlier HOTOL design into the far more promising Skylon design, which remains in development. From the commercial side, Rocketplane Kistler and Rotary Rocket attempted to build reusable privately developed rockets before going bankrupt. NASA proposed risky reusable concepts to replace the Shuttle technology, to be demonstrated under the X-33 and X-34 programs, which were both cancelled in the early", "id": "19421229" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\na number of SSTO advocates to reconsider hydrogen as a satisfactory fuel. The late Max Hunter, while employing hydrogen fuel in the DC-X, often said that he thought the first successful orbital SSTO would more likely be fueled by propane. Some SSTO concepts use the same engine for all altitudes, which is a problem for traditional engines with a bell-shaped nozzle. Depending on the atmospheric pressure, different bell shapes are optimal. Engines operating in the lower atmosphere have shorter bells than those designed to work in vacuum.", "id": "10328899" }, { "contents": "George Mueller (NASA)\n\n\ndesigns ranged from 'simple' concepts like Martin Marietta's six person reusable craft similar to the Dyna-Soar (launched by a Titan III-M), to partially reusable concepts like Lockheed's Star Clipper or Tip Tank from McDonnell Douglas, to fully reusable two-stage vehicles like the one proposed by General Dynamics. Following this symposium Mueller continued to champion a \"space shuttle\". He did not invent the term, but he made it his own. He was also a keen proponent of space stations and was", "id": "16249187" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nIn October 2000, Beal Aerospace ceased operations citing a decision by NASA and the Department of Defense to commit themselves to the development of the competing government-financed EELV program. In 1998 Rotary Rocket proposed the Roton, a Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) piloted Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) space transport. A full scale Roton Atmospheric Test Vehicle flew three times in 1999. After spending tens of millions of dollars in development the Roton failed to secure launch contracts and Rotary Rocket ceased operations in 2001. On", "id": "288621" }, { "contents": "List of human spaceflight programs\n\n\ncommissioned by the Russian Aerospace Agency since 1993. The Kankoh-maru (観光丸? Kankōmaru) is the name of a proposed vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL), single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), reusable launch system (rocket-powered spacecraft). The Ansari X Prize was a space competition in which the X Prize Foundation offered a US$10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable crewed spacecraft into space twice within two weeks. Twenty-six teams from around the world", "id": "19978394" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nby 2016, and some space ventures have had to turn away investor funding. After earlier first effort of OTRAG, in the 1990s the projection of a significant demand for communications satellite launches attracted the development of a number of commercial space launch providers. The launch demand largely vanished when some of the largest satellite constellations, such as 288 satellite Teledesic network, were never built. In 1996 NASA selected Lockheed Martin Skunk Works to build the X-33 VentureStar prototype for a single stage to orbit (SSTO) reusable launch vehicle. In 1999", "id": "288619" }, { "contents": "James Smith McDonnell\n\n\nMcDonnell Aircraft Corporation in 1939. Headquartered in St. Louis, the company quickly grew into a principal supplier of fighter aircraft to the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy, including the F-4 Phantom II fighter and the Mercury and Gemini space capsules. In 1967, McDonnell Aircraft merged with the Douglas Aircraft Company to create McDonnell Douglas. Later that year Douglas Aircraft Company's space and missiles division became part of a new subsidiary called McDonnell Douglas Astronautics, located in Huntington Beach, California, producing the Delta series of launch vehicles. The new", "id": "21028393" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\ndeath, the first launch vehicle based on his designs, the McDonnell Douglas DC-X (Delta Clipper) began a largely successful series of test flights. The DC-X was a vertical-takeoff and vertical landing vehicle. The series of test flights began on 18 August 1993 and continued until the upgraded version of the launch vehicle (renamed the DC-XA) tipped over on landing on July 31, 1996. Among Bono's visionary designs was a 1960 Boeing design for a manned Mars spacecraft capable of carrying a", "id": "3522773" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\neight Block II satellites for flights on the new Delta II expendable Medium Launch Vehicle in lieu of the Space Shuttle. Space Division awarded the Medium Launch Vehicle (MLV) contract to McDonnell-Douglas Astronautics Company on 21 January 1987. However, unlike earlier commercial arrangements, the company would no longer be under contract to NASA. Under the new Commercial Expendable Launch Vehicle program encouraged by president Ronald Reagan since 1983, McDonnell-Douglas would be responsible for producing, marketing and launching its commercial Delta IIs. The Air Force would be", "id": "19923501" }, { "contents": "Mel Hunter\n\n\nfor the years 1960-1962. As Hunter's science fiction career blossomed, so did his technical and scientific illustrations. Hunter's love of air and space took him from California's desert runways to Florida's seacoast launchpads to illustrate every variety of jet-age aircraft and space-age rocket imaginable—from X-15 to Saturn V. One of Hunter's best-known books is \"The Missilemen\", a photo illustrated work published in 1960 by Doubleday. Hunter visited U.S. rocket and missile sites during the late 1950s; he", "id": "20560131" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\na single-stage-to-orbit vehicle. Five companies expressed interest and proposed concepts. Three (LM, Rockwell and McDonnell Douglas) were selected for workup into more detailed proposals. Rockwell proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design. It would have used one Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) and two RL-10-5A engines. In a subsequent full-scale system to reach orbit Rockwell planned to use six Rocketdyne RS-2100 engines. McDonnell Douglas featured a design using liquid oxygen/hydrogen bell engines based on its vertical takeoff", "id": "9997282" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\nresearch ways to make more efficient use of the wing surface during high-speed maneuvers. The Directorate is also a collaborator with DARPA, the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Sandia National Laboratories and AFRL's Space Vehicles Directorate on the FALCON program, which includes the HTV-3X Blackswift hypersonic flight demonstration vehicle. The Air Vehicles Directorate also collaborated with NASA and Boeing on the initial work for the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle and the 80% scaled version, X-40A Space Maneuver Vehicle, prior to the classification of the program and", "id": "1842734" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nparts for re-use. After landing the vehicle would be refit, mated with another tank, and be ready for another mission. Hunter moved to Lockheed in the fall of 1965. On his first day he was asked if there was anything Lockheed should be looking at, and he immediately suggested development of his stage-and-a-half design. His suggestions caught the ear of Eugene Root, president of Lockheed Missiles and Space, who gave him the go-ahead to study what became known as the Star", "id": "7750834" }, { "contents": "PGM-17 Thor\n\n\ndeployment as a missile a few years after deployment, the Thor rocket found widespread use as a space launch vehicle. It was the first in a large family of space launch vehicles—the Delta rockets. The last remaining descendant of the Thor, the Delta II, was retired in 2018, and the Delta IV is based on entirely new technology, unlike the Delta II. see Project Emily Stations and Squadrons Family: Thor IRBM, Thor DM-18 (single stage LV); Thor DM-19 (rocket 1st stage), Thor", "id": "15220989" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthree of its four landing pads deployed, which caused it to tip over on its side and explode. The project has not been continued since. From 1999 to 2001 Rotary Rocket attempted to build a SSTO vehicle called the Roton. It received a large amount of media attention and a working sub-scale prototype was completed, but the design was largely impractical. There have been various approaches to SSTO, including pure rockets that are launched and land vertically, air-breathing scramjet-powered vehicles that are launched and land horizontally", "id": "10328891" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\n. The facilities for testing rockets are frequently used for testing new rocket engines including the RS-68 rocket engine developed for use on the Delta IV launch vehicle. The space propulsion area also develops technologies for use in satellites on-orbit to alter their orbits. An AFRL-developed experimental Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) arcjet was flown on the ARGOS satellite in 1999 as part of the Air Force Space Test Program. The Directorate currently manages the X-51A program, which is developing a scramjet demonstration vehicle. The X-51 program is working", "id": "1842749" }, { "contents": "Laurel van der Wal\n\n\nhonors. Her graduate education was funded in part by a National Research Council fellowship to study aeronautics in Stockholm, Sweden. As a young engineer van der Wal worked at Douglas Aircraft as a data analyst on the Nike missile program, and later designing missile systems for the Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation. Starting in 1958, she was the project engineer on three MIA (Mouse-in-Able) launches from Cape Canaveral, as head of bioastronautics at Space Technology Laboratories. She was named the \"Los Angeles Times\"'s \"", "id": "12236594" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nThe National Launch System (or New Launch System) was a study authorized in 1991 by President George H. W. Bush to outline alternatives to the Space Shuttle for access to Earth orbit. Shortly thereafter, NASA asked Lockheed Missiles and Space, McDonnell Douglas, and TRW to perform a ten-month study. A series of launch vehicles was proposed, based around the proposed Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) liquid-fuel rocket engine. The STME was to be a simplified, expendable version of the Space Shuttle main engine (", "id": "11086741" }, { "contents": "Michael R. Clifford\n\n\nfrom the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and was designated an experimental test pilot. In December 1995, Clifford retired from the army. As a military officer, Clifford was assigned to the Johnson Space Center in July 1987. As a Space Shuttle Vehicle Integration engineer, his duties involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle Program. He was involved in design certification and integration of the Shuttle Crew Escape System, and was an executive board member of the Solid Rocket Booster Postflight Assessment Team. Selected as an astronaut", "id": "18151051" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n. In the Shuttle development effort he led a team working on vehicle aerodynamics and the main engines, which included developing full-scale component tests and scaling methodologies, and applying computational fluid dynamics to overcome a wide range of aerothermochemistry problems. He was Chief of the Aerophysics Division at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center until 1992, when he became Chief Aerodynamicist at the NASA Center. He was awarded the AIAA Aerodynamics Award in 1997 for his exceptional lifetime contributions to the aerodynamic design and analysis of strategic missiles and manned/unmanned launch", "id": "21371187" }, { "contents": "Robert A. Heinlein\n\n\noften in his fiction, as do fictitious strikable self-lighting cigarettes. In 1980 Robert Heinlein was a member of the Citizens Advisory Council on National Space Policy, chaired by Jerry Pournelle, which met at the home of SF writer Larry Niven to write space policy papers for the incoming Reagan Administration. Members included such aerospace industry leaders as former astronaut Buzz Aldrin, General Daniel O. Graham, aerospace engineer Max Hunter and North American Rockwell VP for Space Shuttle development George Merrick. Policy recommendations from the Council included ballistic missile defense concepts", "id": "5599733" }, { "contents": "Wernher von Braun\n\n\nUnited States, along with about 1,600 other German scientists, engineers, and technicians, as part of Operation Paperclip. He worked for the United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) program, and he developed the rockets that launched the United States' first space satellite Explorer 1. His group was assimilated into NASA, where he served as director of the newly formed Marshall Space Flight Center and as the chief architect of the Saturn V super heavy-lift launch vehicle that propelled the Apollo spacecraft to the", "id": "15033628" }, { "contents": "Jarvis (rocket)\n\n\nJarvis was a proposed American medium-lift launch vehicle for space launch, designed by Hughes Aircraft and Boeing during the mid-1980s as part of the joint United States Air Force (USAF)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Launch System (ALS) study. Intended to utilize engines and tooling in storage from the Saturn V rocket program along with Space Shuttle components, and projected to be capable of carrying up to six satellites into multiple orbits using a single launch (e.g. GPS constellation), the proposal failed to meet the ALS", "id": "15822979" }, { "contents": "Robert F. Overmyer\n\n\nMarch 1988, he joined the Space Station Team at McDonnell Douglas Aerospace, where he led crew and operations activities for seven years. He retired from McDonnell Douglas in April 1995 and expanded the scope of Mach Twenty Five International, continuing his aerospace consultation work as well as speaking engagements and writing. Overmyer continued his career as a general aviation test pilot. Having former experience with aeronautical testing at both U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School and NASA, he joined Minnesota-based aircraft manufacturer Cirrus Design (now called Cirrus Aircraft) as", "id": "19963429" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n, nuclear-powered vehicles, and even jet-engine-powered vehicles that can fly into orbit and return landing like an airliner, completely intact. For rocket-powered SSTO, the main challenge is achieving a high enough mass-ratio to carry sufficient propellant to achieve orbit, plus a meaningful payload weight. One possibility is to give the rocket an initial speed with a space gun, as planned in the Quicklaunch project. For air-breathing SSTO, the main challenge is system complexity and associated research and development costs", "id": "10328892" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfuel for increasing efficiency once in space. Further examples of Bono's early concepts (prior to the 1990s) which were never constructed include: Around 1985 the NASP project was intended to launch a scramjet vehicle into orbit, but funding was stopped and the project cancelled. At around the same time, the HOTOL tried to use precooled jet engine technology, but failed to show significant advantages over rocket technology. The DC-X, short for Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed one-third scale vertical takeoff and landing demonstrator", "id": "10328889" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nShuttle design. The detailed study of the cost advantages of the drop tank design demonstrated a dramatic reduction in development risk, and as a result, development costs. When funding for STS development was cut, the drop tank was taken up as a way to meet the developmental budgets, leading to the semi-reusable Space Shuttle design. Maxwell Hunter was working at Douglas Aircraft where he formalized the calculation of aircraft operation economics. His methodologies were first published in 1940, and were later applied to the Douglas DC-6 and DC-7.", "id": "7750829" }, { "contents": "Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle\n\n\nThe Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle, designed for NASA's Project Mercury, was the first American crewed space booster. It was used for six sub-orbital Mercury flights from 1960–61; culminating with the launch of the first, and 11 weeks later, the second American (and the second and third humans) in space. The four subsequent Mercury human spaceflights used the more powerful Atlas booster to enter low Earth orbit. A member of the Redstone rocket family, it was derived from the U.S. Army's Redstone ballistic missile and", "id": "11828011" }, { "contents": "British Aerospace HOTOL\n\n\nspace launch system. In 1982, British Aerospace (BAe), which was Europe's principal satellite-builder, began studying a prospective new launch system with the aim of providing launch costs that were 20 per cent of the American Space Shuttle operated by NASA. BAe became aware of work by British engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce on a suitable engine, and soon conceived of an unmanned, fully reuseable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) winged spaceplane as a launch vehicle. Thus, the project had soon became", "id": "14493503" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\nrole in the civilian NASA Project Mercury, Project Gemini and Project Apollo manned space programs along with military Space Shuttle flights. The mission of the unit today is performed by the 45th Space Wing (no direct lineage). Activated in December 1950, replacing 550th Guided Missiles Wing. the 6555th had a distinguished career launching and/or managing ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and payloads for the Ballistic Systems Division, the Space Systems Division and the Space & Missile Systems Organization. As a Wing or a Group, the 6555th earned ten Air", "id": "19923442" }, { "contents": "William H. Dana\n\n\ncontributions to the lifting body program, Dana received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal. In 1976 he received the Haley Space Flight Award from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) for his research work on the M2-F3 lifting body control systems. A member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Dana is the author of several technical papers. In 1993, he was inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Honor. During the X-15 program, eight pilots flew above 264,000 feet or 50 miles, thereby qualifying as astronauts according to", "id": "8766846" }, { "contents": "USAF Hunter-Killer\n\n\nHunter-Killer is an unofficial project name based upon an \"Aviation Week & Space Technology\" article. The U.S. Air Force's Hunter-Killer program was a tactical unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV) procurement program. The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, a variant of the MQ-1 Predator won the project and was deployed in Afghanistan. This is the U.S. Air Force program for which several companies have developed vehicles. Although the J-UCAS concept is a long way from the early idea of a \"reusable cruise missile\",", "id": "18825446" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nlong as launchers were thrown away, access to space would never be affordable. Several companies had already completed early feasibility studies of fully reusable spacecraft, like the Martin Marietta Astrorocket and Douglas Astro. The designs used two flyback stages, one of which flew back to the launch point, while the other flew into orbit and landed after its mission. Hunter thought that any such design was tantamount to making two aircraft to do the job of one, and it was only the upper stage that was of any real use. By", "id": "7750831" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\ndirector of the CIA under Director William Colby and from 1974–1976 he was the director of the DIA. Ronald Reagan called upon General Graham to be his military advisor for his 1976 and 1980 campaigns. General Graham is a member of the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame. In later years, Graham devoted a lot of time to the research and development of Single-Stage To Orbit (SSTO) spacecraft in conjunction with NASA. McDonnell Douglas was awarded a contract to build an SSTO test vehicle on August 16, 1991, and named", "id": "5770548" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nBased on its experience working with Minuteman assets, Space Vector was tasked by Lockheed in 1980 to help develop the Homing Overlay Experiment (HOE) booster for the U.S. Army which would go on to become the first successful hit-to-kill intercept of a mock ballistic missile warhead outside the Earth’s atmosphere. This technology was later used by the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and expanded into the Exoatmospheric Reentry-vehicle Interception System (ERIS) program. In 1982 Space Vector was tapped by Space Services Inc. of America (", "id": "7487030" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nPhilip Bono (13 January 1921 – 23 May 1993) was a Douglas Aircraft Company engineer. He was a pioneer of reusable vertical landing single-stage to orbit launch vehicles. As a visionary designer, he is credited with inventing the first version of a recoverable single-stage spacecraft booster, and his contributions influenced spacecraft design. Bono pursued single-stage space launch as simpler and cheaper. He realized to do this he would need to use high specific impulse liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engines. Afterwards he proposed to", "id": "3522770" }, { "contents": "Vance D. Coffman\n\n\nin Aerospace Engineering of Iowa State University (ISU). Coffman had three brothers, all of which studied at ISU within the engineering and science departments. Coffman has Master's and Doctorate graduate in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University. In 1967, Coffman joined Lockheed Martin Corporation's Space Systems Division, working on the development of space programs and data processing systems for the corporation. By 1988 he was president of the Space Systems Division. He directed the Hubble Space Telescope project for Lockheed. By 1998 he was the chairman and", "id": "11284872" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n\" commercial parts and currently-available technology, but Lockheed Martin was not interested enough to fund such a program themselves. On February 15, 1989, Pournelle, Graham and Hunter were able to procure a meeting with Vice-President Dan Quayle. They \"sold\" the idea to SDIO by noting that any space-based weapons system would need to be serviced by a spacecraft that was far more reliable than the Space Shuttle, and offer lower launch costs and have much better turnaround times. Given the uncertainties of the design", "id": "15420674" }, { "contents": "Abdul Majid (physicist)\n\n\nand joined Pakistan's Space Program as a researcher in astrophysics and aeronautical labs. Majid worked under the supervision of noted Pakistani-Polish military scientist and aeronautical engineer, Air Commodore W. J. M. Turowicz, in the field of Rocket Technology and published numerous research papers. He is credited for the design and developed the Hypersonic Rocket Launch Vehicle or Hatf Missiles Series during his stay at SUPARCO. In 1983, Dr Majid was put in-charge of Satellite Development Program of Pakistan. He is widely credited for the indigenous development and launching", "id": "14780917" }, { "contents": "Martin Knutson\n\n\n's aging fleet of F-104 support aircraft with F/A-18 Hornets. He also provided leadership for numerous flight research projects including the X-29 forward-swept-wing technology demonstrator; the Controlled Impact Demonstration, the F-15 Digital Electronic Engine Control project that integrated propulsion and flight controls, the Pegasus air-launched rocket for placing small payloads into low-Earth orbit; the CV-990 Landing Systems Research aircraft that tested improved braking systems for the space shuttle; and the F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle. After the Air Force announced the impending retirement", "id": "2519508" }, { "contents": "Pioneer Rocketplane\n\n\nMissile Range Officers’ Club on May 12, 1993. The original concept was developed by then Air Force Captain Mitchell Burnside Clapp, who envisioned an aerial refueled, rocket-powered single-stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicle using jet fuel and hydrogen peroxide. This concept seemed a natural match for the Air Force's TransAtmospheric Vehicle (TAV) mission and studies began at the USAF Phillips Laboratory. Aerospace engineering legend Burt Rutan and noted aircraft designer Dan Raymer contributed input to the development of the design. During the winter of", "id": "17524030" }, { "contents": "Thor (rocket family)\n\n\nThor was a US space launch vehicle derived from the PGM-17 Thor intermediate-range ballistic missile. The Thor rocket was the first member of the Delta rocket family of space launch vehicles. The last launch of a direct derivative of the Thor missile occurred in 2018 as the first stage of the final Delta II. Thor was first used as a launch vehicle during the testing program of the warhead reentry vehicle for the Atlas missile. For these three tests a Thor core stage was topped by the Able second stage. Able used the", "id": "21158637" }, { "contents": "Boeing X-37\n\n\nThe Boeing X-37, also known as the Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), is a reusable robotic spacecraft. It is boosted into space by a launch vehicle, then re-enters Earth's atmosphere and lands as a spaceplane. The X-37 is operated by the United States Air Force for orbital spaceflight missions intended to demonstrate reusable space technologies. It is a 120%-scaled derivative of the earlier Boeing X-40. The X-37 began as a NASA project in 1999, before being transferred to the U.S. Department of Defense in 2004. Its first", "id": "12510871" }, { "contents": "LGM-25C Titan II\n\n\nThe Titan II was an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and space launcher developed by the Glenn L. Martin Company from the earlier Titan I missile. Titan II was originally designed and used as an ICBM, but was later adapted as a medium-lift space launch vehicle to carry payloads to Earth orbit for the United States Air Force (USAF), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Those payloads included the USAF Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), NOAA weather", "id": "10861471" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\non the X-33 experience shared with NASA, Lockheed Martin hoped to make the business case for a full-scale SSTO RLV, called VentureStar, that would be developed and operated through commercial means. The intention was that rather than operate space transport systems as it has with the Space Shuttle, NASA would instead look to private industry to operate the reusable launch vehicle and NASA would purchase launch services from the commercial launch provider. Thus, the X-33 was not only about honing space flight technologies, but also about successfully demonstrating the technology", "id": "9997276" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nmake these vehicles reusable. From his ROOST design onwards Bono advocated space launch vehicles without wings, usually using rocket assisted vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL). According to his estimates, wings consisted mostly of dead weight that decreased launch payload mass. He patented a reusable plug nozzle rocket engine which had dual use as a heat shield for atmospheric reentry. His early 1960s concepts influenced later designs like the 1990s Delta Clipper, also from Douglas. Philip Bono was born in Brooklyn, New York on 13 January 1921. He graduated", "id": "3522771" }, { "contents": "Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment\n\n\nof new space services and other activities that would improve U.S. economic competitiveness. The program implemented the National Space Transportation Policy, which is designed to accelerate the development of new launch technologies and concepts to contribute to the continuing commercialization of the national space launch industry. Both the X-33 and the smaller X-34 technology testbed demonstrator were under the Space Transportation Program Offices at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. The air-launched, winged X-34 also was to demonstrate technologies applicable to future-generation reusable launch vehicles designed to dramatically", "id": "20761669" }, { "contents": "Adolf Thiel\n\n\nfor the Thor ballistic missile, which became a first-stage launch for the Explorer spacecraft. He was director of space projects for TRW when it developed Explorer VI and Pioneer V, two of the earliest US craft to explore interplanetary space. He oversaw all of TRW's space programs during the 1970s. After his retirement in 1980 as a senior vice president, Thiel served as an executive consultant to TRW and on NASA planning groups. He was named a fellow of the American Astronautical Society in 1968. He married Frances Thiel", "id": "11277096" }, { "contents": "BAC Mustard\n\n\nin other space programmes, such as the American Space Shuttle. Mustard was a modular re-usable space launch system, comprising multiple copies of a single vehicle design, each of which was configured for a different role as a booster stage or an orbital spaceplane. The core vehicle design resembled the basic layout of the Douglas Astro, both being delta-winged reusable vehicles, as would the later American Space Shuttle. Furthermore, all three functioned as vertically-launched rockets and used integral wings so that they could land horizontally,", "id": "11296482" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nSSIA) to fabricate and launch the Conestoga I off Matagorda Island, Texas which became the first privately funded rocket to reach space. In 1992 Space Vector teamed with Coleman Research Corporation (now a division of L-3 Communications) and Aerotherm to provide the Army Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC) with 25 Hera target vehicles to support testing of THAAD and Patriot PAC-3 anti-ballistic missile systems. Space Vector went on to earn the distinction in 1997 as the first company to air launch a minuteman based target vehicle. The single", "id": "7487031" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n-range ballistic missile and the large Saturn I booster rocket. Following the Russian Sputnik launch, in July 1960 he moved with other von Braun rocket scientists from the Army Ballistic Missile Agency to the newly founded NASA. There, as part of the Apollo moon-landing program, he made major contributions working on the Saturn V booster rocket, on aerothermodynamics, and on liquid hydrogen propellant systems. He subsequently was involved in numerous projects contributing to the nation's manned and unmanned space flight programs, especially Skylab and the Space Shuttle", "id": "21371186" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nthe NLS-1 core stage. The NLS program did not venture beyond the planning stages and did not survive the Presidency of Bill Clinton, which started in January 1993. In 1992, Daniel Goldin was selected to replace Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly as NASA administrator. Goldin championed the motto, \"faster, better, cheaper,\" which may not have fit the ambitious NLS vision. A NASA history from 1998 says that reusable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) rockets and space planes such as the McDonnell Douglas DC", "id": "11086743" }, { "contents": "Gary Hudson (engineer)\n\n\nGary Hudson has been involved in private spaceflight development for over 40 years. Hudson is best known as the founder of Rotary Rocket Company, which in spending ~$30 Million attempted to build a unique single stage to orbit launch vehicle known as the Roton. Rotary Rocket built a landing test simulator (the Roton ATV) which flew three successful test flights in 1999. He also helped found Transformational Space T/Space in 2004. He also helped found AirLaunch LLC which was awarded the DARPA/USAF FALCON project in 2003. Previous projects", "id": "10746924" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nof Space Shuttle Columbia touched down on Rogers Dry Lakebed, with Astronauts John Young and Robert Crippin successfully landing the first orbiting space vehicle ever to leave the Earth under rocket power and return to Earth aerodynamically for re-use. The \"Flying Wing\" returned to Edwards in the late 1980s when the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber began testing, and at a remote site, the F-117A Nighthawk stealth fighter. Air-Launched Cruise Missile, and LANTIRN systems were also tested during the 1980s. The 1990s saw the arrival of the Lockheed", "id": "14946576" }, { "contents": "Jerry Pournelle\n\n\nof making recommendation to the US Air Force on investment in technologies required to build the missile force to be deployed in 1975. After Project 75 was completed Pournelle became manager of several advanced concept studies. At North American Rockwell’s Space Division, Pournelle was associate director of operations research, where he took part in the Apollo program and general operations. He was founding President of the Pepperdine Research Institute. In 1989, Pournelle, Max Hunter, and retired Army Lieutenant General Daniel O. Graham made a presentation to then Vice President Dan", "id": "16491387" }, { "contents": "United States Air Force Plant 42\n\n\nby McDonnell Douglas, St. Louis, Missouri, and transported by aircraft to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. They were also transported by aircraft from Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility to the Kennedy Space Center. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration had been paying the Air Force for use of Plant 42 facilities for the shuttle work. NASA decided in February 2002 to shift space shuttle overhaul and modification work from Palmdale to Florida. Current projects include design, engineering, pre-production, production, modification, flight testing, servicing and repair", "id": "9173070" }, { "contents": "William C. Schwartz\n\n\nspace vehicles and orbital calculations. He was a member of the founding group within NAA involved with the development of space vehicles and which developed the Apollo program. In the early 1960s, he moved to The Martin Company (later Martin Marietta and now Lockheed Martin), where he managed three departments, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Human Factors for the missile developer. It was during this period that he became involved in laser research and development. Shortly after the invention of the laser in 1960, Martin recognized its potential in", "id": "13650865" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthat could lead to an SSTO vehicle. The one-third-size test craft was operated and maintained by a small team of three people based out of a trailer, and the craft was once relaunched less than 24 hours after landing. Although the test program was not without mishap (including a minor explosion), the DC-X demonstrated that the maintenance aspects of the concept were sound. That project was cancelled when it landed with three of four legs deployed, tipped over, and exploded on the fourth flight after", "id": "10328911" }, { "contents": "Marti Sarigul-Klijn\n\n\nDr. Marti Sarigul-Klijn is an expert at rapidly designing, fabricating, and test flying proof-of-concept prototypes. He holds a Ph.D. in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and is a graduate of the United States Naval Test Pilot School and the United States Naval Academy. After completing twenty years in the Navy with the final rank of Commander, he has since worked on over 20 design proposals that include aircraft, UAV's, rocket propulsion, and space launch vehicles. Seven of these proposals continued to", "id": "11065599" }, { "contents": "Jerauld R. Gentry\n\n\nJerauld Richard \"Jerry\" Gentry (May 16, 1935 – March 3, 2003) was a United States Air Force (USAF) test pilot and Vietnam combat veteran. As chief USAF pilot of the Lifting Body Research Program, he helped validate the concept of flying a wingless vehicle back to Earth from space and landing it like an aircraft—an approach used by the Space Shuttle and to a greater degree by vehicles such as the Lockheed Martin X-33 and NASA X-38. Gentry completed thirty lifting body flights including the first flight", "id": "21488944" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nlifting body shape, composite multi-lobed liquid fuel tanks, and the aerospike engine, NASA and Lockheed Martin hoped to test fly a craft that would demonstrate the viability of a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) design. A spacecraft capable of reaching orbit in a single stage would not require external fuel tanks or boosters to reach low Earth orbit. Doing away with the need for \"staging\" with launch vehicles, such as with the Shuttle and the Apollo rockets, would lead to an inherently more reliable", "id": "9997271" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfor a proposed SSTO. It is one of only a few prototype SSTO vehicles ever built. Several other prototypes were intended, including the DC-X2 (a half-scale prototype) and the DC-Y, a full-scale vehicle which would be capable of single stage insertion into orbit. Neither of these were built, but the project was taken over by NASA in 1995, and they built the DC-XA, an upgraded one-third scale prototype. This vehicle was lost when it landed with only", "id": "10328890" }, { "contents": "Landing gear\n\n\ne.g., the Space Shuttle, or the USAF X-37), landing gear have been largely absent from orbital vehicles during the early decades since the advent of spaceflight technology, when orbital space transport has been the exclusive preserve of national-monopoly governmental space programs. Each spaceflight system to date has relied on expendable boosters to begin each ascent to orbital velocity. Recent advances in private space transport, where new competition to governmental space initiatives has emerged, have included the explicit design of landing gear into orbital booster rockets. SpaceX has initiated", "id": "10876701" }, { "contents": "Eric Boe\n\n\ninvolves work with displays and controls for future space vehicles. He made his first trip to space as pilot of during STS-126 on November 14, 2008. Boe flew his second space flight as pilot on STS-133, the final scheduled flight of the Space Shuttle \"Discovery\" and the third-to-last flight of the Space Shuttle program. In August 2012, Boe was named Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office. In July 2015, NASA announced Boe as one of the first astronauts for U.S. Commercial spaceflights. Subsequently, he", "id": "14264618" }, { "contents": "Melvin B. Zisfein\n\n\nMelvin B. Zisfein (1926-1995) was an aircraft designer and a Deputy Director of the U.S. National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC. Zisfein graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with degrees in aeronautical engineering (B.S. 1948; M.S. 1948) and worked as a designer, aerodynamicist, and manager for aircraft companies from then until 1966. He was associate director of the Franklin Institute Research Laboratories from 1966 to 1971. From 1971 to 1982 he served as the deputy director of the National Air and Space Museum,", "id": "1801139" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nselected from the Air Force's test pilot cadre. Additionally, the AFTC assisted with the testing of rocket engines and re-entry vehicles. Along with the X-15, pilots at Edwards were expanding the frontiers of atmospheric flight, testing the XB-70 Valkyrie high-altitude bomber, along with the YF-12 interceptor for Air Defense Command and the SR-71 Blackbird Strategic Reconnaissance aircraft for Strategic Air Command. With the decline of the military manned space mission after the NASA Lunar Landing Program ended, the Aerospace Research Pilot School was once again re-", "id": "14946574" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nDC-X were hired by Blue Origin, and their New Shepard vehicle was inspired by the DC-X design. Blue Origin does not require the high cross range capabilities, and therefore uses a base-first re-entry profile. Also, the DC-X provided inspiration for many elements of Armadillo Aerospace's, Masten Space Systems's, and TGV Rockets's spacecraft designs. Some NASA engineers believe that the DC-X could provide a solution for a crewed Mars lander. Had a DC-type craft been", "id": "15420693" }, { "contents": "Rockwell X-30\n\n\nThe Rockwell X-30 was an advanced technology demonstrator project for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP), part of a United States project to create a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spacecraft and passenger spaceliner. It was cancelled in the early 1990s before a prototype was completed, although much development work in advanced materials and aerospace design was completed. While a goal of a future NASP was a passenger liner capable of two-hour flights from Washington to Tokyo, the X-30 was planned for a crew of", "id": "16588465" }, { "contents": "SpaceDev\n\n\nSpaceDev, a part of the \"Space Systems Business\" of Sierra Nevada Corporation, is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work. It designed and built components for the hybrid rocket motors for Paul Allen's Tier One suborbital SpaceShipOne space program operated by Scaled Composites. It is also developing micro- and nano-satellites, a small expendable launch vehicle, the SpaceDev Streaker, and has designed a piloted suborbital and orbital spaceship of its own, the SpaceDev Dream Chaser, in collaboration with NASA. SpaceDev is based near San Diego in", "id": "16321029" }, { "contents": "Glenn L. Martin Company\n\n\nby the American space program as one of its first satellite booster rockets as part of Project Vanguard. The Vanguard was the first American space exploration rocket designed from scratch to be an orbital launch vehicle — rather than being a modified sounding rocket (like the Juno I) or a ballistic missile (like the U.S. Army's Redstone missile). Martin also designed and manufactured the huge and heavily armed Titan I and LGM-25C Titan II Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). Martin Company of Orlando, Florida, was the prime contractor for", "id": "10667744" }, { "contents": "Shuttlecraft (Star Trek)\n\n\nplanetary surface and space. Wernher Von Braun in the 1950s conceived of a reusable winged spacecraft as a ferry rocket. Plans for such vehicles were referred to as \"DC-3\" by spacecraft designer Maxime Faget and Integrated Launch and Reentry Vehicle (ILRV) by NASA. During the late 1960s, while \"\" was being broadcast, these concepts became known as Space Shuttle. In a speech given to the British Interplanetary Society in August 1968 George Mueller, head of the NASA Office of Manned Space Flight, mentioned the need for a", "id": "13203374" }, { "contents": "The Aerospace Corporation\n\n\n. Gen. Bernard A. Schriever announced the \"formation of a new nonprofit organization, The Aerospace Corporation, to serve the Air Force in the scientific and technical planning and management of missile-space programs.\" Among the earliest projects it supported were the Dyna-Soar orbital spaceplane, Project Mercury, and the man-rating of the Atlas (rocket) intercontinental ballistic missile. The Aerospace Corporation provided general systems engineering and technical direction for the Titan II missile, first tested in 1962, which became the launch vehicle for Project Gemini", "id": "15141218" }, { "contents": "Timothy Creamer\n\n\nPrior to his astronaut selection in 1998, he had been working as a space operations officer, with the Army Space Command, stationed in Houston, Texas. He is now the Army’s NASA Detachment commander. Creamer was assigned to NASA at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in July 1995 as a Space Shuttle vehicle integration test engineer. His duties primarily involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle. He was actively involved in the integrated tests of the systems for each Orbiter for its preparations for its", "id": "7264360" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nof the rocket, the Clipper Graham soared into the skies over the old White Sands Missile Range to a height of 3,120 meters (10,300 ft) and stayed in the air for over two minutes before landing. That flight was the highest and longest the vehicle had ever flown until then. Robert A. Heinlein dedicated his 1985 novel The Cat Who Walks Through Walls to Graham and eight of the other members of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy. Graham was chairman of the American Space Frontier Committee, the Coalition for", "id": "5770554" }, { "contents": "SpaceX\n\n\nhas one of the largest concentrations of aerospace headquarters, facilities, and/or subsidiaries in the U.S., including Boeing/McDonnell Douglas main satellite building campuses, Aerospace Corp., Raytheon, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Air Force Space Command's Space and Missile Systems Center at Los Angeles Air Force Base, Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems, Northrop Grumman, and AECOM, etc., with a large pool of aerospace engineers and recent college engineering graduates. SpaceX utilizes a high degree of vertical integration in the production of its rockets and rocket", "id": "10001424" }, { "contents": "William H. Gerstenmaier\n\n\n1980, Gerstenmaier moved to Houston, Texas, to work at the Johnson Space Center, researching propulsion related to the Space Shuttle, and was involved in the earliest phases of the International Space Station design. In 1984, he was a semi-finalist in the selection for NASA Astronaut Group 10. In 1988, he first served as manager of Space Shuttle Program Integration, and then went on to serve as head of the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle Operations Office. Following that, he became Director of Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom", "id": "13055214" }, { "contents": "Bruno Augenstein\n\n\nBruno Wilhelm Augenstein (March 16, 1923 – July 6, 2005) was a German-born mathematician and physicist who made important contributions in space technology, ballistic missile research, satellites, antimatter, and many other areas. Augenstein worked in the Aerophysics Laboratory at North American Aviation on diverse projects including weaponization of the V-2 rocket, a ramjet-powered vehicle that later became the Navajo missile. He entered RAND Corporation as a consultant and subcontractor in 1949. Initially at RAND he developed an interest in long range missiles. Augenstein", "id": "1664472" }, { "contents": "Robert R. Gilruth\n\n\nRobert Rowe Gilruth (October 8, 1913 – August 17, 2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. He worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics from 1937 to 1958 and its successor NASA, until his retirement in 1973. He was involved with early research into supersonic flight and rocket-powered aircraft, and then with the United States manned space program, including the Mercury, Gemini", "id": "19875506" } ]

[ { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nMaxwell White Hunter II (March 11, 1922 – November 10, 2001) was a prominent American aerospace engineer. He worked on the design of the Douglas B-42 and Douglas B-43 bombers, the Honest John, Nike-Ajax, and Nike-Zeus missiles, the Thor IRBM, and on parts of the Strategic Defense Initiative. In later years he worked on space-launch vehicles and was a proponent of Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) designs. He was honored in 1995 by the National Space Society", "id": "13829898" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvariety of projects including parts of the mammoth Strategic Defense Initiative. SDI gave him a chance at realizing a dream he had nurtured since the 1960s: the construction of a Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle. In 1984, Hunter proposed a vehicle he called the X-rocket, based on those earlier SSTO designs. The design was reviewed by LMSC's Astronautics Division (AD), which judged it worth pursuing, and by its Missile Systems Division (MSD), which did not. LMSC then", "id": "13829902" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\npayloads into Earth orbit today. After working for Douglas Aircraft from 1944 to 1961, Hunter joined the staff of the National Aeronautics and Space Council, a group that advised the U.S. president on space policy. Following several years in that position, he went back to the aerospace industry in 1965, spending over two decades with Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (LMSC). (LMSC was a division of Lockheed Corporation, which merged with Martin Marietta in 1995 to become Lockheed-Martin.) At LMSC, Hunter worked on a", "id": "13829901" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nspace systems. In this position he oversaw the production of military missiles including the Honest John artillery rocket, the Nike antiaircraft missile, and the Sparrow air-to-air missile. Douglas Aircraft began work on the Thor, an early Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM), in late 1955 and put Hunter in charge of that program. He assembled a small team of crack designers and brought the development to success in a short time. Thor became the basis of the McDonnell Douglas Delta rocket, whose descendants are still boosting", "id": "13829900" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nand High Frontier convinced SDI management and other national officials that a study should be initiated to determine once and for all the feasibility of SSTO vehicles for military missions. This led to a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) program to design a single-stage vehicle that could replace military satellites on short notice during a national emergency. This vehicle was known as the Delta Clipper. McDonnell Douglas Corporation was contracted to build and test fly a one-third-scale, suborbital testbed called the DC-X, or Delta Clipper", "id": "13829904" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvehicle tipped over at landing. Funding to make repairs and continue flight tests was not made available. Max Hunter continued to advise on space policy issues and advocate the building of SSTO vehicles for airline-like access to space, a goal he was sure could be attained. He chaired the Rules Committee for the Ansari X Prize, announced in 1996, a $10 million prize for the first reusable craft to reach space twice within two weeks without substantial refit. In October 2000, he agreed to serve as Chairman of the", "id": "13829906" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nExperimental. While not capable of spaceflight, the DC-X incorporated many of the technologies needed for an SSTO vehicle, including highly automated systems enabling a quick turnaround (just twenty-six hours) between launches. It made eight successful test flights between August 18, 1993, and July 7, 1995, and then was taken over by NASA and flown four times as the DC-XA between May 18 and July 31, 1996. It was damaged on its last flight when one landing strut failed to deploy and the", "id": "13829905" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nfor lifelong contributions to the technology of spaceflight. Maxwell Hunter was born in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania and graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in that state with a degree in physics and mathematics. In 1944, he earned a Master's Degree in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). After earning his MS from MIT, Hunter went to work for the Douglas Aircraft Company. He became their chief designer in aeronautics, working on modifications of the B-42 and B-43 bombers. Later he was promoted to chief engineer for", "id": "13829899" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\ndeclined to support further work on the X-rocket, and Hunter retired. As an independent consultant, he renamed the concept SSX (for Space Ship Experimental), and began to refine it. In December 1988 the ad hoc Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy was briefed on the concept by Hunter and others. The general concept was endorsed by the Council and by High Frontier, Inc., a Washington-based group headed by Lt. Gen. Daniel O. Graham that lobbied for SDI programs. Working together, Hunter", "id": "13829903" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nAdvisory Board for the Undersea Hotel Project of the Cala Corporation. He died at Stanford Hospital, Stanford, California on the evening of November 10, 2001 after a lingering illness. Max Hunter was Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Beta Pi, and a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), the American Astronautical Society (AAS), and the British Interplanetary Society (BIS). He was also a member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) and an honorary member of the Japanese Rocket Society", "id": "13829907" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nThe DC-X, short for Delta Clipper or Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed prototype of a reusable single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle built by McDonnell Douglas in conjunction with the United States Department of Defense's Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) from 1991 to 1993. Starting 1994 until 1995, testing continued through funding of the US civil space agency NASA. In 1996, the DC-X technology was completely transferred to NASA, which upgraded the design for improved performance to create the DC-XA", "id": "15420672" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nvehicles was prepared by Chrysler Corporation's Space Division in 1970–1971 under NASA contract NAS8-26341. Their proposal (Shuttle SERV) was an enormous vehicle with more than of payload, utilizing jet engines for (vertical) landing. While the technical problems seemed to be solvable, the USAF required a winged design that led to the Shuttle as we know it today. The uncrewed DC-X technology demonstrator, originally developed by McDonnell Douglas for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program office, was an attempt to build a vehicle", "id": "10328910" }, { "contents": "David Urie\n\n\nsystem before initiating and heading the Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) and X-33 Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Programs at Lockheed. Urie's work as the program manager for the previously classified Have Region project demonstrated that rocket-powered single-stage-to-orbit vehicles were technically feasible, which led to the Lockheed Martin SSTO design approach. As a Director of the Lockheed-Martin Skunk Works SSTO/RLV Advanced Technology Demonstration Program, Urie conceived and developed the aerospike rocket propelled lifting body that was selected by NASA as", "id": "20876395" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nearly stages of flight; and flight within Earth's atmosphere, which limits speed in the early stages of flight and influences engine performance. Additionally, the retirement of NASA's Shuttle launch vehicle has resulted in a substantial reduction in the cost to launch a kilogram of payload to either low Earth orbit or the International Space Station, removing the main projected advantage of the SSTO concept. Notable single stage to orbit concepts include Skylon, the DC-X, the Lockheed Martin X-33, and the Roton SSTO. However, despite showing", "id": "10328885" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nThe Lockheed Martin X-33 was an uncrewed, sub-scale technology demonstrator suborbital spaceplane developed in the 1990s under the U.S. government-funded Space Launch Initiative program. The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for the VentureStar orbital spaceplane, which was planned to be a next-generation, commercially operated reusable launch vehicle. The X-33 would flight-test a range of technologies that NASA believed it needed for single-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicles (SSTO RLVs), such as metallic thermal protection systems, composite cryogenic fuel tanks", "id": "9997267" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n. During the 1960s some of the first concept designs for this kind of craft began to emerge. One of the earliest SSTO concepts was the expendable One stage Orbital Space Truck (OOST) proposed by Philip Bono, an engineer for Douglas Aircraft Company. A reusable version named ROOST was also proposed. Another early SSTO concept was a reusable launch vehicle named NEXUS which was proposed by Krafft Arnold Ehricke in the early 1960s. It was one of the largest spacecraft ever conceptualized with a diameter of over 50 metres and the capability to", "id": "10328887" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n. According to writer Jerry Pournelle: \"DC-X was conceived in my living room and sold to National Space Council Chairman Dan Quayle by General Graham, Max Hunter and me.\" According to Max Hunter, however, he had tried hard to convince Lockheed Martin of the concept's value for several years before he retired. Hunter had written a paper in 1985 entitled \"The Opportunity\", detailing the concept of a Single-Stage-To-Orbit spacecraft built with low-cost \"off-the-shelf", "id": "15420673" }, { "contents": "Rob Meyerson\n\n\nInitiative contract with NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. Meyerson launched his career as an aerospace engineer at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) from 1985 to 1997 working on human spaceflight systems, including the aerodynamic design of the Space Shuttle orbiter drag parachute, as well as the overall design, integration, and flight test of a gliding parachute for the X-38 Crew Rescue Vehicle, a crew return vehicle designed to return astronauts to earth from the International Space Station. Meyerson began with NASA in 1985 as a cooperative education student at JSC", "id": "8603673" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nfor the X-33 was selected over competing concepts from Boeing and McDonnell Douglas. Boeing proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design, and McDonnell Douglas proposed a design based on its vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL) DC-XA test vehicle. The uncrewed X-33 was slated to fly 15 suborbital hops to near 75.8 km altitude. It was to be launched upright like a rocket and rather than having a straight flight path it would fly diagonally up for half the flight, reaching extremely high altitudes, and then for the rest of the", "id": "9997274" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nThe methodologies were later adopted as a standard by the Air Transport Association. He later joined the Thor missile project as the chief design engineer, and this introduced him to the world of space launchers. With new upper stages, Thor became the Delta, one of the most-used launchers in the 1960s. In spite of Thor's success, Hunter was dissatisfied with the state of the launcher market and later wrote that \"by the end of 1963 the state of recoverable rockets was terrible.\" He was convinced that as", "id": "7750830" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nit the DC-X for Delta Clipper Experimental. The name honored the firm's successful Thor/Delta rocket and recalled the famous 19th-century commercial clipper ships. The McDonnell Douglas SSTO team saw the Delta Clipper as opening the \"space trade routes in the same way that the Yankee Clipper ships opened the sea trade routes.\" The needs of the commercial launch industry thus were integral to the thinking of the McDonnell Douglas DC-X team. General Graham envisioned the DC-X as the perfect inexpensive launch and delivery", "id": "5770549" }, { "contents": "George Huebner\n\n\nproduce intercontinental ballistic missiles. Huebner was named executive engineer in charge of Chrysler's Missile Branch. At the time he was serving as executive engineer of research for Chrysler in their automotive division. He developed a complete research and development missile facility that included engineering, testing, and production of the Redstone rocket. These rockets ultimately launched into orbit the first U.S. satellites and the first manned space flights. Huebner worked closely with Wernher von Braun on the space program. For two years he worked on this rocket project and then went back", "id": "15004097" }, { "contents": "Reusable launch system\n\n\nthe McDonnell Douglas Delta Clipper VTOL SSTO proposal progressed to the testing phase. The DC-X prototype demonstrated rapid turnaround time and automatic computer control. In mid-1990, British research evolved an earlier HOTOL design into the far more promising Skylon design, which remains in development. From the commercial side, Rocketplane Kistler and Rotary Rocket attempted to build reusable privately developed rockets before going bankrupt. NASA proposed risky reusable concepts to replace the Shuttle technology, to be demonstrated under the X-33 and X-34 programs, which were both cancelled in the early", "id": "19421229" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\na number of SSTO advocates to reconsider hydrogen as a satisfactory fuel. The late Max Hunter, while employing hydrogen fuel in the DC-X, often said that he thought the first successful orbital SSTO would more likely be fueled by propane. Some SSTO concepts use the same engine for all altitudes, which is a problem for traditional engines with a bell-shaped nozzle. Depending on the atmospheric pressure, different bell shapes are optimal. Engines operating in the lower atmosphere have shorter bells than those designed to work in vacuum.", "id": "10328899" }, { "contents": "George Mueller (NASA)\n\n\ndesigns ranged from 'simple' concepts like Martin Marietta's six person reusable craft similar to the Dyna-Soar (launched by a Titan III-M), to partially reusable concepts like Lockheed's Star Clipper or Tip Tank from McDonnell Douglas, to fully reusable two-stage vehicles like the one proposed by General Dynamics. Following this symposium Mueller continued to champion a \"space shuttle\". He did not invent the term, but he made it his own. He was also a keen proponent of space stations and was", "id": "16249187" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nIn October 2000, Beal Aerospace ceased operations citing a decision by NASA and the Department of Defense to commit themselves to the development of the competing government-financed EELV program. In 1998 Rotary Rocket proposed the Roton, a Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) piloted Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) space transport. A full scale Roton Atmospheric Test Vehicle flew three times in 1999. After spending tens of millions of dollars in development the Roton failed to secure launch contracts and Rotary Rocket ceased operations in 2001. On", "id": "288621" }, { "contents": "List of human spaceflight programs\n\n\ncommissioned by the Russian Aerospace Agency since 1993. The Kankoh-maru (観光丸? Kankōmaru) is the name of a proposed vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL), single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), reusable launch system (rocket-powered spacecraft). The Ansari X Prize was a space competition in which the X Prize Foundation offered a US$10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable crewed spacecraft into space twice within two weeks. Twenty-six teams from around the world", "id": "19978394" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nby 2016, and some space ventures have had to turn away investor funding. After earlier first effort of OTRAG, in the 1990s the projection of a significant demand for communications satellite launches attracted the development of a number of commercial space launch providers. The launch demand largely vanished when some of the largest satellite constellations, such as 288 satellite Teledesic network, were never built. In 1996 NASA selected Lockheed Martin Skunk Works to build the X-33 VentureStar prototype for a single stage to orbit (SSTO) reusable launch vehicle. In 1999", "id": "288619" }, { "contents": "James Smith McDonnell\n\n\nMcDonnell Aircraft Corporation in 1939. Headquartered in St. Louis, the company quickly grew into a principal supplier of fighter aircraft to the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy, including the F-4 Phantom II fighter and the Mercury and Gemini space capsules. In 1967, McDonnell Aircraft merged with the Douglas Aircraft Company to create McDonnell Douglas. Later that year Douglas Aircraft Company's space and missiles division became part of a new subsidiary called McDonnell Douglas Astronautics, located in Huntington Beach, California, producing the Delta series of launch vehicles. The new", "id": "21028393" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\ndeath, the first launch vehicle based on his designs, the McDonnell Douglas DC-X (Delta Clipper) began a largely successful series of test flights. The DC-X was a vertical-takeoff and vertical landing vehicle. The series of test flights began on 18 August 1993 and continued until the upgraded version of the launch vehicle (renamed the DC-XA) tipped over on landing on July 31, 1996. Among Bono's visionary designs was a 1960 Boeing design for a manned Mars spacecraft capable of carrying a", "id": "3522773" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\neight Block II satellites for flights on the new Delta II expendable Medium Launch Vehicle in lieu of the Space Shuttle. Space Division awarded the Medium Launch Vehicle (MLV) contract to McDonnell-Douglas Astronautics Company on 21 January 1987. However, unlike earlier commercial arrangements, the company would no longer be under contract to NASA. Under the new Commercial Expendable Launch Vehicle program encouraged by president Ronald Reagan since 1983, McDonnell-Douglas would be responsible for producing, marketing and launching its commercial Delta IIs. The Air Force would be", "id": "19923501" }, { "contents": "Mel Hunter\n\n\nfor the years 1960-1962. As Hunter's science fiction career blossomed, so did his technical and scientific illustrations. Hunter's love of air and space took him from California's desert runways to Florida's seacoast launchpads to illustrate every variety of jet-age aircraft and space-age rocket imaginable—from X-15 to Saturn V. One of Hunter's best-known books is \"The Missilemen\", a photo illustrated work published in 1960 by Doubleday. Hunter visited U.S. rocket and missile sites during the late 1950s; he", "id": "20560131" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\na single-stage-to-orbit vehicle. Five companies expressed interest and proposed concepts. Three (LM, Rockwell and McDonnell Douglas) were selected for workup into more detailed proposals. Rockwell proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design. It would have used one Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) and two RL-10-5A engines. In a subsequent full-scale system to reach orbit Rockwell planned to use six Rocketdyne RS-2100 engines. McDonnell Douglas featured a design using liquid oxygen/hydrogen bell engines based on its vertical takeoff", "id": "9997282" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\nresearch ways to make more efficient use of the wing surface during high-speed maneuvers. The Directorate is also a collaborator with DARPA, the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Sandia National Laboratories and AFRL's Space Vehicles Directorate on the FALCON program, which includes the HTV-3X Blackswift hypersonic flight demonstration vehicle. The Air Vehicles Directorate also collaborated with NASA and Boeing on the initial work for the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle and the 80% scaled version, X-40A Space Maneuver Vehicle, prior to the classification of the program and", "id": "1842734" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nparts for re-use. After landing the vehicle would be refit, mated with another tank, and be ready for another mission. Hunter moved to Lockheed in the fall of 1965. On his first day he was asked if there was anything Lockheed should be looking at, and he immediately suggested development of his stage-and-a-half design. His suggestions caught the ear of Eugene Root, president of Lockheed Missiles and Space, who gave him the go-ahead to study what became known as the Star", "id": "7750834" }, { "contents": "PGM-17 Thor\n\n\ndeployment as a missile a few years after deployment, the Thor rocket found widespread use as a space launch vehicle. It was the first in a large family of space launch vehicles—the Delta rockets. The last remaining descendant of the Thor, the Delta II, was retired in 2018, and the Delta IV is based on entirely new technology, unlike the Delta II. see Project Emily Stations and Squadrons Family: Thor IRBM, Thor DM-18 (single stage LV); Thor DM-19 (rocket 1st stage), Thor", "id": "15220989" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthree of its four landing pads deployed, which caused it to tip over on its side and explode. The project has not been continued since. From 1999 to 2001 Rotary Rocket attempted to build a SSTO vehicle called the Roton. It received a large amount of media attention and a working sub-scale prototype was completed, but the design was largely impractical. There have been various approaches to SSTO, including pure rockets that are launched and land vertically, air-breathing scramjet-powered vehicles that are launched and land horizontally", "id": "10328891" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\n. The facilities for testing rockets are frequently used for testing new rocket engines including the RS-68 rocket engine developed for use on the Delta IV launch vehicle. The space propulsion area also develops technologies for use in satellites on-orbit to alter their orbits. An AFRL-developed experimental Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) arcjet was flown on the ARGOS satellite in 1999 as part of the Air Force Space Test Program. The Directorate currently manages the X-51A program, which is developing a scramjet demonstration vehicle. The X-51 program is working", "id": "1842749" }, { "contents": "Laurel van der Wal\n\n\nhonors. Her graduate education was funded in part by a National Research Council fellowship to study aeronautics in Stockholm, Sweden. As a young engineer van der Wal worked at Douglas Aircraft as a data analyst on the Nike missile program, and later designing missile systems for the Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation. Starting in 1958, she was the project engineer on three MIA (Mouse-in-Able) launches from Cape Canaveral, as head of bioastronautics at Space Technology Laboratories. She was named the \"Los Angeles Times\"'s \"", "id": "12236594" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nThe National Launch System (or New Launch System) was a study authorized in 1991 by President George H. W. Bush to outline alternatives to the Space Shuttle for access to Earth orbit. Shortly thereafter, NASA asked Lockheed Missiles and Space, McDonnell Douglas, and TRW to perform a ten-month study. A series of launch vehicles was proposed, based around the proposed Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) liquid-fuel rocket engine. The STME was to be a simplified, expendable version of the Space Shuttle main engine (", "id": "11086741" }, { "contents": "Michael R. Clifford\n\n\nfrom the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and was designated an experimental test pilot. In December 1995, Clifford retired from the army. As a military officer, Clifford was assigned to the Johnson Space Center in July 1987. As a Space Shuttle Vehicle Integration engineer, his duties involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle Program. He was involved in design certification and integration of the Shuttle Crew Escape System, and was an executive board member of the Solid Rocket Booster Postflight Assessment Team. Selected as an astronaut", "id": "18151051" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n. In the Shuttle development effort he led a team working on vehicle aerodynamics and the main engines, which included developing full-scale component tests and scaling methodologies, and applying computational fluid dynamics to overcome a wide range of aerothermochemistry problems. He was Chief of the Aerophysics Division at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center until 1992, when he became Chief Aerodynamicist at the NASA Center. He was awarded the AIAA Aerodynamics Award in 1997 for his exceptional lifetime contributions to the aerodynamic design and analysis of strategic missiles and manned/unmanned launch", "id": "21371187" }, { "contents": "Robert A. Heinlein\n\n\noften in his fiction, as do fictitious strikable self-lighting cigarettes. In 1980 Robert Heinlein was a member of the Citizens Advisory Council on National Space Policy, chaired by Jerry Pournelle, which met at the home of SF writer Larry Niven to write space policy papers for the incoming Reagan Administration. Members included such aerospace industry leaders as former astronaut Buzz Aldrin, General Daniel O. Graham, aerospace engineer Max Hunter and North American Rockwell VP for Space Shuttle development George Merrick. Policy recommendations from the Council included ballistic missile defense concepts", "id": "5599733" }, { "contents": "Wernher von Braun\n\n\nUnited States, along with about 1,600 other German scientists, engineers, and technicians, as part of Operation Paperclip. He worked for the United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) program, and he developed the rockets that launched the United States' first space satellite Explorer 1. His group was assimilated into NASA, where he served as director of the newly formed Marshall Space Flight Center and as the chief architect of the Saturn V super heavy-lift launch vehicle that propelled the Apollo spacecraft to the", "id": "15033628" }, { "contents": "Jarvis (rocket)\n\n\nJarvis was a proposed American medium-lift launch vehicle for space launch, designed by Hughes Aircraft and Boeing during the mid-1980s as part of the joint United States Air Force (USAF)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Launch System (ALS) study. Intended to utilize engines and tooling in storage from the Saturn V rocket program along with Space Shuttle components, and projected to be capable of carrying up to six satellites into multiple orbits using a single launch (e.g. GPS constellation), the proposal failed to meet the ALS", "id": "15822979" }, { "contents": "Robert F. Overmyer\n\n\nMarch 1988, he joined the Space Station Team at McDonnell Douglas Aerospace, where he led crew and operations activities for seven years. He retired from McDonnell Douglas in April 1995 and expanded the scope of Mach Twenty Five International, continuing his aerospace consultation work as well as speaking engagements and writing. Overmyer continued his career as a general aviation test pilot. Having former experience with aeronautical testing at both U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School and NASA, he joined Minnesota-based aircraft manufacturer Cirrus Design (now called Cirrus Aircraft) as", "id": "19963429" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n, nuclear-powered vehicles, and even jet-engine-powered vehicles that can fly into orbit and return landing like an airliner, completely intact. For rocket-powered SSTO, the main challenge is achieving a high enough mass-ratio to carry sufficient propellant to achieve orbit, plus a meaningful payload weight. One possibility is to give the rocket an initial speed with a space gun, as planned in the Quicklaunch project. For air-breathing SSTO, the main challenge is system complexity and associated research and development costs", "id": "10328892" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfuel for increasing efficiency once in space. Further examples of Bono's early concepts (prior to the 1990s) which were never constructed include: Around 1985 the NASP project was intended to launch a scramjet vehicle into orbit, but funding was stopped and the project cancelled. At around the same time, the HOTOL tried to use precooled jet engine technology, but failed to show significant advantages over rocket technology. The DC-X, short for Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed one-third scale vertical takeoff and landing demonstrator", "id": "10328889" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nShuttle design. The detailed study of the cost advantages of the drop tank design demonstrated a dramatic reduction in development risk, and as a result, development costs. When funding for STS development was cut, the drop tank was taken up as a way to meet the developmental budgets, leading to the semi-reusable Space Shuttle design. Maxwell Hunter was working at Douglas Aircraft where he formalized the calculation of aircraft operation economics. His methodologies were first published in 1940, and were later applied to the Douglas DC-6 and DC-7.", "id": "7750829" }, { "contents": "Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle\n\n\nThe Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle, designed for NASA's Project Mercury, was the first American crewed space booster. It was used for six sub-orbital Mercury flights from 1960–61; culminating with the launch of the first, and 11 weeks later, the second American (and the second and third humans) in space. The four subsequent Mercury human spaceflights used the more powerful Atlas booster to enter low Earth orbit. A member of the Redstone rocket family, it was derived from the U.S. Army's Redstone ballistic missile and", "id": "11828011" }, { "contents": "British Aerospace HOTOL\n\n\nspace launch system. In 1982, British Aerospace (BAe), which was Europe's principal satellite-builder, began studying a prospective new launch system with the aim of providing launch costs that were 20 per cent of the American Space Shuttle operated by NASA. BAe became aware of work by British engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce on a suitable engine, and soon conceived of an unmanned, fully reuseable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) winged spaceplane as a launch vehicle. Thus, the project had soon became", "id": "14493503" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\nrole in the civilian NASA Project Mercury, Project Gemini and Project Apollo manned space programs along with military Space Shuttle flights. The mission of the unit today is performed by the 45th Space Wing (no direct lineage). Activated in December 1950, replacing 550th Guided Missiles Wing. the 6555th had a distinguished career launching and/or managing ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and payloads for the Ballistic Systems Division, the Space Systems Division and the Space & Missile Systems Organization. As a Wing or a Group, the 6555th earned ten Air", "id": "19923442" }, { "contents": "William H. Dana\n\n\ncontributions to the lifting body program, Dana received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal. In 1976 he received the Haley Space Flight Award from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) for his research work on the M2-F3 lifting body control systems. A member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Dana is the author of several technical papers. In 1993, he was inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Honor. During the X-15 program, eight pilots flew above 264,000 feet or 50 miles, thereby qualifying as astronauts according to", "id": "8766846" }, { "contents": "USAF Hunter-Killer\n\n\nHunter-Killer is an unofficial project name based upon an \"Aviation Week & Space Technology\" article. The U.S. Air Force's Hunter-Killer program was a tactical unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV) procurement program. The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, a variant of the MQ-1 Predator won the project and was deployed in Afghanistan. This is the U.S. Air Force program for which several companies have developed vehicles. Although the J-UCAS concept is a long way from the early idea of a \"reusable cruise missile\",", "id": "18825446" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nlong as launchers were thrown away, access to space would never be affordable. Several companies had already completed early feasibility studies of fully reusable spacecraft, like the Martin Marietta Astrorocket and Douglas Astro. The designs used two flyback stages, one of which flew back to the launch point, while the other flew into orbit and landed after its mission. Hunter thought that any such design was tantamount to making two aircraft to do the job of one, and it was only the upper stage that was of any real use. By", "id": "7750831" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\ndirector of the CIA under Director William Colby and from 1974–1976 he was the director of the DIA. Ronald Reagan called upon General Graham to be his military advisor for his 1976 and 1980 campaigns. General Graham is a member of the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame. In later years, Graham devoted a lot of time to the research and development of Single-Stage To Orbit (SSTO) spacecraft in conjunction with NASA. McDonnell Douglas was awarded a contract to build an SSTO test vehicle on August 16, 1991, and named", "id": "5770548" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nBased on its experience working with Minuteman assets, Space Vector was tasked by Lockheed in 1980 to help develop the Homing Overlay Experiment (HOE) booster for the U.S. Army which would go on to become the first successful hit-to-kill intercept of a mock ballistic missile warhead outside the Earth’s atmosphere. This technology was later used by the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and expanded into the Exoatmospheric Reentry-vehicle Interception System (ERIS) program. In 1982 Space Vector was tapped by Space Services Inc. of America (", "id": "7487030" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nPhilip Bono (13 January 1921 – 23 May 1993) was a Douglas Aircraft Company engineer. He was a pioneer of reusable vertical landing single-stage to orbit launch vehicles. As a visionary designer, he is credited with inventing the first version of a recoverable single-stage spacecraft booster, and his contributions influenced spacecraft design. Bono pursued single-stage space launch as simpler and cheaper. He realized to do this he would need to use high specific impulse liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engines. Afterwards he proposed to", "id": "3522770" }, { "contents": "Vance D. Coffman\n\n\nin Aerospace Engineering of Iowa State University (ISU). Coffman had three brothers, all of which studied at ISU within the engineering and science departments. Coffman has Master's and Doctorate graduate in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University. In 1967, Coffman joined Lockheed Martin Corporation's Space Systems Division, working on the development of space programs and data processing systems for the corporation. By 1988 he was president of the Space Systems Division. He directed the Hubble Space Telescope project for Lockheed. By 1998 he was the chairman and", "id": "11284872" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n\" commercial parts and currently-available technology, but Lockheed Martin was not interested enough to fund such a program themselves. On February 15, 1989, Pournelle, Graham and Hunter were able to procure a meeting with Vice-President Dan Quayle. They \"sold\" the idea to SDIO by noting that any space-based weapons system would need to be serviced by a spacecraft that was far more reliable than the Space Shuttle, and offer lower launch costs and have much better turnaround times. Given the uncertainties of the design", "id": "15420674" }, { "contents": "Abdul Majid (physicist)\n\n\nand joined Pakistan's Space Program as a researcher in astrophysics and aeronautical labs. Majid worked under the supervision of noted Pakistani-Polish military scientist and aeronautical engineer, Air Commodore W. J. M. Turowicz, in the field of Rocket Technology and published numerous research papers. He is credited for the design and developed the Hypersonic Rocket Launch Vehicle or Hatf Missiles Series during his stay at SUPARCO. In 1983, Dr Majid was put in-charge of Satellite Development Program of Pakistan. He is widely credited for the indigenous development and launching", "id": "14780917" }, { "contents": "Martin Knutson\n\n\n's aging fleet of F-104 support aircraft with F/A-18 Hornets. He also provided leadership for numerous flight research projects including the X-29 forward-swept-wing technology demonstrator; the Controlled Impact Demonstration, the F-15 Digital Electronic Engine Control project that integrated propulsion and flight controls, the Pegasus air-launched rocket for placing small payloads into low-Earth orbit; the CV-990 Landing Systems Research aircraft that tested improved braking systems for the space shuttle; and the F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle. After the Air Force announced the impending retirement", "id": "2519508" }, { "contents": "Pioneer Rocketplane\n\n\nMissile Range Officers’ Club on May 12, 1993. The original concept was developed by then Air Force Captain Mitchell Burnside Clapp, who envisioned an aerial refueled, rocket-powered single-stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicle using jet fuel and hydrogen peroxide. This concept seemed a natural match for the Air Force's TransAtmospheric Vehicle (TAV) mission and studies began at the USAF Phillips Laboratory. Aerospace engineering legend Burt Rutan and noted aircraft designer Dan Raymer contributed input to the development of the design. During the winter of", "id": "17524030" }, { "contents": "Thor (rocket family)\n\n\nThor was a US space launch vehicle derived from the PGM-17 Thor intermediate-range ballistic missile. The Thor rocket was the first member of the Delta rocket family of space launch vehicles. The last launch of a direct derivative of the Thor missile occurred in 2018 as the first stage of the final Delta II. Thor was first used as a launch vehicle during the testing program of the warhead reentry vehicle for the Atlas missile. For these three tests a Thor core stage was topped by the Able second stage. Able used the", "id": "21158637" }, { "contents": "Boeing X-37\n\n\nThe Boeing X-37, also known as the Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), is a reusable robotic spacecraft. It is boosted into space by a launch vehicle, then re-enters Earth's atmosphere and lands as a spaceplane. The X-37 is operated by the United States Air Force for orbital spaceflight missions intended to demonstrate reusable space technologies. It is a 120%-scaled derivative of the earlier Boeing X-40. The X-37 began as a NASA project in 1999, before being transferred to the U.S. Department of Defense in 2004. Its first", "id": "12510871" }, { "contents": "LGM-25C Titan II\n\n\nThe Titan II was an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and space launcher developed by the Glenn L. Martin Company from the earlier Titan I missile. Titan II was originally designed and used as an ICBM, but was later adapted as a medium-lift space launch vehicle to carry payloads to Earth orbit for the United States Air Force (USAF), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Those payloads included the USAF Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), NOAA weather", "id": "10861471" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\non the X-33 experience shared with NASA, Lockheed Martin hoped to make the business case for a full-scale SSTO RLV, called VentureStar, that would be developed and operated through commercial means. The intention was that rather than operate space transport systems as it has with the Space Shuttle, NASA would instead look to private industry to operate the reusable launch vehicle and NASA would purchase launch services from the commercial launch provider. Thus, the X-33 was not only about honing space flight technologies, but also about successfully demonstrating the technology", "id": "9997276" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nmake these vehicles reusable. From his ROOST design onwards Bono advocated space launch vehicles without wings, usually using rocket assisted vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL). According to his estimates, wings consisted mostly of dead weight that decreased launch payload mass. He patented a reusable plug nozzle rocket engine which had dual use as a heat shield for atmospheric reentry. His early 1960s concepts influenced later designs like the 1990s Delta Clipper, also from Douglas. Philip Bono was born in Brooklyn, New York on 13 January 1921. He graduated", "id": "3522771" }, { "contents": "Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment\n\n\nof new space services and other activities that would improve U.S. economic competitiveness. The program implemented the National Space Transportation Policy, which is designed to accelerate the development of new launch technologies and concepts to contribute to the continuing commercialization of the national space launch industry. Both the X-33 and the smaller X-34 technology testbed demonstrator were under the Space Transportation Program Offices at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. The air-launched, winged X-34 also was to demonstrate technologies applicable to future-generation reusable launch vehicles designed to dramatically", "id": "20761669" }, { "contents": "Adolf Thiel\n\n\nfor the Thor ballistic missile, which became a first-stage launch for the Explorer spacecraft. He was director of space projects for TRW when it developed Explorer VI and Pioneer V, two of the earliest US craft to explore interplanetary space. He oversaw all of TRW's space programs during the 1970s. After his retirement in 1980 as a senior vice president, Thiel served as an executive consultant to TRW and on NASA planning groups. He was named a fellow of the American Astronautical Society in 1968. He married Frances Thiel", "id": "11277096" }, { "contents": "BAC Mustard\n\n\nin other space programmes, such as the American Space Shuttle. Mustard was a modular re-usable space launch system, comprising multiple copies of a single vehicle design, each of which was configured for a different role as a booster stage or an orbital spaceplane. The core vehicle design resembled the basic layout of the Douglas Astro, both being delta-winged reusable vehicles, as would the later American Space Shuttle. Furthermore, all three functioned as vertically-launched rockets and used integral wings so that they could land horizontally,", "id": "11296482" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nSSIA) to fabricate and launch the Conestoga I off Matagorda Island, Texas which became the first privately funded rocket to reach space. In 1992 Space Vector teamed with Coleman Research Corporation (now a division of L-3 Communications) and Aerotherm to provide the Army Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC) with 25 Hera target vehicles to support testing of THAAD and Patriot PAC-3 anti-ballistic missile systems. Space Vector went on to earn the distinction in 1997 as the first company to air launch a minuteman based target vehicle. The single", "id": "7487031" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n-range ballistic missile and the large Saturn I booster rocket. Following the Russian Sputnik launch, in July 1960 he moved with other von Braun rocket scientists from the Army Ballistic Missile Agency to the newly founded NASA. There, as part of the Apollo moon-landing program, he made major contributions working on the Saturn V booster rocket, on aerothermodynamics, and on liquid hydrogen propellant systems. He subsequently was involved in numerous projects contributing to the nation's manned and unmanned space flight programs, especially Skylab and the Space Shuttle", "id": "21371186" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nthe NLS-1 core stage. The NLS program did not venture beyond the planning stages and did not survive the Presidency of Bill Clinton, which started in January 1993. In 1992, Daniel Goldin was selected to replace Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly as NASA administrator. Goldin championed the motto, \"faster, better, cheaper,\" which may not have fit the ambitious NLS vision. A NASA history from 1998 says that reusable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) rockets and space planes such as the McDonnell Douglas DC", "id": "11086743" }, { "contents": "Gary Hudson (engineer)\n\n\nGary Hudson has been involved in private spaceflight development for over 40 years. Hudson is best known as the founder of Rotary Rocket Company, which in spending ~$30 Million attempted to build a unique single stage to orbit launch vehicle known as the Roton. Rotary Rocket built a landing test simulator (the Roton ATV) which flew three successful test flights in 1999. He also helped found Transformational Space T/Space in 2004. He also helped found AirLaunch LLC which was awarded the DARPA/USAF FALCON project in 2003. Previous projects", "id": "10746924" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nof Space Shuttle Columbia touched down on Rogers Dry Lakebed, with Astronauts John Young and Robert Crippin successfully landing the first orbiting space vehicle ever to leave the Earth under rocket power and return to Earth aerodynamically for re-use. The \"Flying Wing\" returned to Edwards in the late 1980s when the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber began testing, and at a remote site, the F-117A Nighthawk stealth fighter. Air-Launched Cruise Missile, and LANTIRN systems were also tested during the 1980s. The 1990s saw the arrival of the Lockheed", "id": "14946576" }, { "contents": "Jerry Pournelle\n\n\nof making recommendation to the US Air Force on investment in technologies required to build the missile force to be deployed in 1975. After Project 75 was completed Pournelle became manager of several advanced concept studies. At North American Rockwell’s Space Division, Pournelle was associate director of operations research, where he took part in the Apollo program and general operations. He was founding President of the Pepperdine Research Institute. In 1989, Pournelle, Max Hunter, and retired Army Lieutenant General Daniel O. Graham made a presentation to then Vice President Dan", "id": "16491387" }, { "contents": "United States Air Force Plant 42\n\n\nby McDonnell Douglas, St. Louis, Missouri, and transported by aircraft to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. They were also transported by aircraft from Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility to the Kennedy Space Center. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration had been paying the Air Force for use of Plant 42 facilities for the shuttle work. NASA decided in February 2002 to shift space shuttle overhaul and modification work from Palmdale to Florida. Current projects include design, engineering, pre-production, production, modification, flight testing, servicing and repair", "id": "9173070" }, { "contents": "William C. Schwartz\n\n\nspace vehicles and orbital calculations. He was a member of the founding group within NAA involved with the development of space vehicles and which developed the Apollo program. In the early 1960s, he moved to The Martin Company (later Martin Marietta and now Lockheed Martin), where he managed three departments, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Human Factors for the missile developer. It was during this period that he became involved in laser research and development. Shortly after the invention of the laser in 1960, Martin recognized its potential in", "id": "13650865" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthat could lead to an SSTO vehicle. The one-third-size test craft was operated and maintained by a small team of three people based out of a trailer, and the craft was once relaunched less than 24 hours after landing. Although the test program was not without mishap (including a minor explosion), the DC-X demonstrated that the maintenance aspects of the concept were sound. That project was cancelled when it landed with three of four legs deployed, tipped over, and exploded on the fourth flight after", "id": "10328911" }, { "contents": "Marti Sarigul-Klijn\n\n\nDr. Marti Sarigul-Klijn is an expert at rapidly designing, fabricating, and test flying proof-of-concept prototypes. He holds a Ph.D. in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and is a graduate of the United States Naval Test Pilot School and the United States Naval Academy. After completing twenty years in the Navy with the final rank of Commander, he has since worked on over 20 design proposals that include aircraft, UAV's, rocket propulsion, and space launch vehicles. Seven of these proposals continued to", "id": "11065599" }, { "contents": "Jerauld R. Gentry\n\n\nJerauld Richard \"Jerry\" Gentry (May 16, 1935 – March 3, 2003) was a United States Air Force (USAF) test pilot and Vietnam combat veteran. As chief USAF pilot of the Lifting Body Research Program, he helped validate the concept of flying a wingless vehicle back to Earth from space and landing it like an aircraft—an approach used by the Space Shuttle and to a greater degree by vehicles such as the Lockheed Martin X-33 and NASA X-38. Gentry completed thirty lifting body flights including the first flight", "id": "21488944" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nlifting body shape, composite multi-lobed liquid fuel tanks, and the aerospike engine, NASA and Lockheed Martin hoped to test fly a craft that would demonstrate the viability of a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) design. A spacecraft capable of reaching orbit in a single stage would not require external fuel tanks or boosters to reach low Earth orbit. Doing away with the need for \"staging\" with launch vehicles, such as with the Shuttle and the Apollo rockets, would lead to an inherently more reliable", "id": "9997271" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfor a proposed SSTO. It is one of only a few prototype SSTO vehicles ever built. Several other prototypes were intended, including the DC-X2 (a half-scale prototype) and the DC-Y, a full-scale vehicle which would be capable of single stage insertion into orbit. Neither of these were built, but the project was taken over by NASA in 1995, and they built the DC-XA, an upgraded one-third scale prototype. This vehicle was lost when it landed with only", "id": "10328890" }, { "contents": "Landing gear\n\n\ne.g., the Space Shuttle, or the USAF X-37), landing gear have been largely absent from orbital vehicles during the early decades since the advent of spaceflight technology, when orbital space transport has been the exclusive preserve of national-monopoly governmental space programs. Each spaceflight system to date has relied on expendable boosters to begin each ascent to orbital velocity. Recent advances in private space transport, where new competition to governmental space initiatives has emerged, have included the explicit design of landing gear into orbital booster rockets. SpaceX has initiated", "id": "10876701" }, { "contents": "Eric Boe\n\n\ninvolves work with displays and controls for future space vehicles. He made his first trip to space as pilot of during STS-126 on November 14, 2008. Boe flew his second space flight as pilot on STS-133, the final scheduled flight of the Space Shuttle \"Discovery\" and the third-to-last flight of the Space Shuttle program. In August 2012, Boe was named Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office. In July 2015, NASA announced Boe as one of the first astronauts for U.S. Commercial spaceflights. Subsequently, he", "id": "14264618" }, { "contents": "Melvin B. Zisfein\n\n\nMelvin B. Zisfein (1926-1995) was an aircraft designer and a Deputy Director of the U.S. National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC. Zisfein graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with degrees in aeronautical engineering (B.S. 1948; M.S. 1948) and worked as a designer, aerodynamicist, and manager for aircraft companies from then until 1966. He was associate director of the Franklin Institute Research Laboratories from 1966 to 1971. From 1971 to 1982 he served as the deputy director of the National Air and Space Museum,", "id": "1801139" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nselected from the Air Force's test pilot cadre. Additionally, the AFTC assisted with the testing of rocket engines and re-entry vehicles. Along with the X-15, pilots at Edwards were expanding the frontiers of atmospheric flight, testing the XB-70 Valkyrie high-altitude bomber, along with the YF-12 interceptor for Air Defense Command and the SR-71 Blackbird Strategic Reconnaissance aircraft for Strategic Air Command. With the decline of the military manned space mission after the NASA Lunar Landing Program ended, the Aerospace Research Pilot School was once again re-", "id": "14946574" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nDC-X were hired by Blue Origin, and their New Shepard vehicle was inspired by the DC-X design. Blue Origin does not require the high cross range capabilities, and therefore uses a base-first re-entry profile. Also, the DC-X provided inspiration for many elements of Armadillo Aerospace's, Masten Space Systems's, and TGV Rockets's spacecraft designs. Some NASA engineers believe that the DC-X could provide a solution for a crewed Mars lander. Had a DC-type craft been", "id": "15420693" }, { "contents": "Rockwell X-30\n\n\nThe Rockwell X-30 was an advanced technology demonstrator project for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP), part of a United States project to create a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spacecraft and passenger spaceliner. It was cancelled in the early 1990s before a prototype was completed, although much development work in advanced materials and aerospace design was completed. While a goal of a future NASP was a passenger liner capable of two-hour flights from Washington to Tokyo, the X-30 was planned for a crew of", "id": "16588465" }, { "contents": "SpaceDev\n\n\nSpaceDev, a part of the \"Space Systems Business\" of Sierra Nevada Corporation, is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work. It designed and built components for the hybrid rocket motors for Paul Allen's Tier One suborbital SpaceShipOne space program operated by Scaled Composites. It is also developing micro- and nano-satellites, a small expendable launch vehicle, the SpaceDev Streaker, and has designed a piloted suborbital and orbital spaceship of its own, the SpaceDev Dream Chaser, in collaboration with NASA. SpaceDev is based near San Diego in", "id": "16321029" }, { "contents": "Glenn L. Martin Company\n\n\nby the American space program as one of its first satellite booster rockets as part of Project Vanguard. The Vanguard was the first American space exploration rocket designed from scratch to be an orbital launch vehicle — rather than being a modified sounding rocket (like the Juno I) or a ballistic missile (like the U.S. Army's Redstone missile). Martin also designed and manufactured the huge and heavily armed Titan I and LGM-25C Titan II Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). Martin Company of Orlando, Florida, was the prime contractor for", "id": "10667744" }, { "contents": "Shuttlecraft (Star Trek)\n\n\nplanetary surface and space. Wernher Von Braun in the 1950s conceived of a reusable winged spacecraft as a ferry rocket. Plans for such vehicles were referred to as \"DC-3\" by spacecraft designer Maxime Faget and Integrated Launch and Reentry Vehicle (ILRV) by NASA. During the late 1960s, while \"\" was being broadcast, these concepts became known as Space Shuttle. In a speech given to the British Interplanetary Society in August 1968 George Mueller, head of the NASA Office of Manned Space Flight, mentioned the need for a", "id": "13203374" }, { "contents": "The Aerospace Corporation\n\n\n. Gen. Bernard A. Schriever announced the \"formation of a new nonprofit organization, The Aerospace Corporation, to serve the Air Force in the scientific and technical planning and management of missile-space programs.\" Among the earliest projects it supported were the Dyna-Soar orbital spaceplane, Project Mercury, and the man-rating of the Atlas (rocket) intercontinental ballistic missile. The Aerospace Corporation provided general systems engineering and technical direction for the Titan II missile, first tested in 1962, which became the launch vehicle for Project Gemini", "id": "15141218" }, { "contents": "Timothy Creamer\n\n\nPrior to his astronaut selection in 1998, he had been working as a space operations officer, with the Army Space Command, stationed in Houston, Texas. He is now the Army’s NASA Detachment commander. Creamer was assigned to NASA at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in July 1995 as a Space Shuttle vehicle integration test engineer. His duties primarily involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle. He was actively involved in the integrated tests of the systems for each Orbiter for its preparations for its", "id": "7264360" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nof the rocket, the Clipper Graham soared into the skies over the old White Sands Missile Range to a height of 3,120 meters (10,300 ft) and stayed in the air for over two minutes before landing. That flight was the highest and longest the vehicle had ever flown until then. Robert A. Heinlein dedicated his 1985 novel The Cat Who Walks Through Walls to Graham and eight of the other members of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy. Graham was chairman of the American Space Frontier Committee, the Coalition for", "id": "5770554" }, { "contents": "SpaceX\n\n\nhas one of the largest concentrations of aerospace headquarters, facilities, and/or subsidiaries in the U.S., including Boeing/McDonnell Douglas main satellite building campuses, Aerospace Corp., Raytheon, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Air Force Space Command's Space and Missile Systems Center at Los Angeles Air Force Base, Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems, Northrop Grumman, and AECOM, etc., with a large pool of aerospace engineers and recent college engineering graduates. SpaceX utilizes a high degree of vertical integration in the production of its rockets and rocket", "id": "10001424" }, { "contents": "William H. Gerstenmaier\n\n\n1980, Gerstenmaier moved to Houston, Texas, to work at the Johnson Space Center, researching propulsion related to the Space Shuttle, and was involved in the earliest phases of the International Space Station design. In 1984, he was a semi-finalist in the selection for NASA Astronaut Group 10. In 1988, he first served as manager of Space Shuttle Program Integration, and then went on to serve as head of the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle Operations Office. Following that, he became Director of Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom", "id": "13055214" }, { "contents": "Bruno Augenstein\n\n\nBruno Wilhelm Augenstein (March 16, 1923 – July 6, 2005) was a German-born mathematician and physicist who made important contributions in space technology, ballistic missile research, satellites, antimatter, and many other areas. Augenstein worked in the Aerophysics Laboratory at North American Aviation on diverse projects including weaponization of the V-2 rocket, a ramjet-powered vehicle that later became the Navajo missile. He entered RAND Corporation as a consultant and subcontractor in 1949. Initially at RAND he developed an interest in long range missiles. Augenstein", "id": "1664472" }, { "contents": "Robert R. Gilruth\n\n\nRobert Rowe Gilruth (October 8, 1913 – August 17, 2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. He worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics from 1937 to 1958 and its successor NASA, until his retirement in 1973. He was involved with early research into supersonic flight and rocket-powered aircraft, and then with the United States manned space program, including the Mercury, Gemini", "id": "19875506" } ]

[ { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nMaxwell White Hunter II (March 11, 1922 – November 10, 2001) was a prominent American aerospace engineer. He worked on the design of the Douglas B-42 and Douglas B-43 bombers, the Honest John, Nike-Ajax, and Nike-Zeus missiles, the Thor IRBM, and on parts of the Strategic Defense Initiative. In later years he worked on space-launch vehicles and was a proponent of Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) designs. He was honored in 1995 by the National Space Society", "id": "13829898" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvariety of projects including parts of the mammoth Strategic Defense Initiative. SDI gave him a chance at realizing a dream he had nurtured since the 1960s: the construction of a Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle. In 1984, Hunter proposed a vehicle he called the X-rocket, based on those earlier SSTO designs. The design was reviewed by LMSC's Astronautics Division (AD), which judged it worth pursuing, and by its Missile Systems Division (MSD), which did not. LMSC then", "id": "13829902" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\npayloads into Earth orbit today. After working for Douglas Aircraft from 1944 to 1961, Hunter joined the staff of the National Aeronautics and Space Council, a group that advised the U.S. president on space policy. Following several years in that position, he went back to the aerospace industry in 1965, spending over two decades with Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (LMSC). (LMSC was a division of Lockheed Corporation, which merged with Martin Marietta in 1995 to become Lockheed-Martin.) At LMSC, Hunter worked on a", "id": "13829901" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nspace systems. In this position he oversaw the production of military missiles including the Honest John artillery rocket, the Nike antiaircraft missile, and the Sparrow air-to-air missile. Douglas Aircraft began work on the Thor, an early Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM), in late 1955 and put Hunter in charge of that program. He assembled a small team of crack designers and brought the development to success in a short time. Thor became the basis of the McDonnell Douglas Delta rocket, whose descendants are still boosting", "id": "13829900" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nand High Frontier convinced SDI management and other national officials that a study should be initiated to determine once and for all the feasibility of SSTO vehicles for military missions. This led to a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) program to design a single-stage vehicle that could replace military satellites on short notice during a national emergency. This vehicle was known as the Delta Clipper. McDonnell Douglas Corporation was contracted to build and test fly a one-third-scale, suborbital testbed called the DC-X, or Delta Clipper", "id": "13829904" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvehicle tipped over at landing. Funding to make repairs and continue flight tests was not made available. Max Hunter continued to advise on space policy issues and advocate the building of SSTO vehicles for airline-like access to space, a goal he was sure could be attained. He chaired the Rules Committee for the Ansari X Prize, announced in 1996, a $10 million prize for the first reusable craft to reach space twice within two weeks without substantial refit. In October 2000, he agreed to serve as Chairman of the", "id": "13829906" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nExperimental. While not capable of spaceflight, the DC-X incorporated many of the technologies needed for an SSTO vehicle, including highly automated systems enabling a quick turnaround (just twenty-six hours) between launches. It made eight successful test flights between August 18, 1993, and July 7, 1995, and then was taken over by NASA and flown four times as the DC-XA between May 18 and July 31, 1996. It was damaged on its last flight when one landing strut failed to deploy and the", "id": "13829905" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nfor lifelong contributions to the technology of spaceflight. Maxwell Hunter was born in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania and graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in that state with a degree in physics and mathematics. In 1944, he earned a Master's Degree in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). After earning his MS from MIT, Hunter went to work for the Douglas Aircraft Company. He became their chief designer in aeronautics, working on modifications of the B-42 and B-43 bombers. Later he was promoted to chief engineer for", "id": "13829899" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\ndeclined to support further work on the X-rocket, and Hunter retired. As an independent consultant, he renamed the concept SSX (for Space Ship Experimental), and began to refine it. In December 1988 the ad hoc Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy was briefed on the concept by Hunter and others. The general concept was endorsed by the Council and by High Frontier, Inc., a Washington-based group headed by Lt. Gen. Daniel O. Graham that lobbied for SDI programs. Working together, Hunter", "id": "13829903" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nAdvisory Board for the Undersea Hotel Project of the Cala Corporation. He died at Stanford Hospital, Stanford, California on the evening of November 10, 2001 after a lingering illness. Max Hunter was Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Beta Pi, and a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), the American Astronautical Society (AAS), and the British Interplanetary Society (BIS). He was also a member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) and an honorary member of the Japanese Rocket Society", "id": "13829907" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nThe DC-X, short for Delta Clipper or Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed prototype of a reusable single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle built by McDonnell Douglas in conjunction with the United States Department of Defense's Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) from 1991 to 1993. Starting 1994 until 1995, testing continued through funding of the US civil space agency NASA. In 1996, the DC-X technology was completely transferred to NASA, which upgraded the design for improved performance to create the DC-XA", "id": "15420672" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nvehicles was prepared by Chrysler Corporation's Space Division in 1970–1971 under NASA contract NAS8-26341. Their proposal (Shuttle SERV) was an enormous vehicle with more than of payload, utilizing jet engines for (vertical) landing. While the technical problems seemed to be solvable, the USAF required a winged design that led to the Shuttle as we know it today. The uncrewed DC-X technology demonstrator, originally developed by McDonnell Douglas for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program office, was an attempt to build a vehicle", "id": "10328910" }, { "contents": "David Urie\n\n\nsystem before initiating and heading the Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) and X-33 Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Programs at Lockheed. Urie's work as the program manager for the previously classified Have Region project demonstrated that rocket-powered single-stage-to-orbit vehicles were technically feasible, which led to the Lockheed Martin SSTO design approach. As a Director of the Lockheed-Martin Skunk Works SSTO/RLV Advanced Technology Demonstration Program, Urie conceived and developed the aerospike rocket propelled lifting body that was selected by NASA as", "id": "20876395" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nearly stages of flight; and flight within Earth's atmosphere, which limits speed in the early stages of flight and influences engine performance. Additionally, the retirement of NASA's Shuttle launch vehicle has resulted in a substantial reduction in the cost to launch a kilogram of payload to either low Earth orbit or the International Space Station, removing the main projected advantage of the SSTO concept. Notable single stage to orbit concepts include Skylon, the DC-X, the Lockheed Martin X-33, and the Roton SSTO. However, despite showing", "id": "10328885" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nThe Lockheed Martin X-33 was an uncrewed, sub-scale technology demonstrator suborbital spaceplane developed in the 1990s under the U.S. government-funded Space Launch Initiative program. The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for the VentureStar orbital spaceplane, which was planned to be a next-generation, commercially operated reusable launch vehicle. The X-33 would flight-test a range of technologies that NASA believed it needed for single-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicles (SSTO RLVs), such as metallic thermal protection systems, composite cryogenic fuel tanks", "id": "9997267" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n. During the 1960s some of the first concept designs for this kind of craft began to emerge. One of the earliest SSTO concepts was the expendable One stage Orbital Space Truck (OOST) proposed by Philip Bono, an engineer for Douglas Aircraft Company. A reusable version named ROOST was also proposed. Another early SSTO concept was a reusable launch vehicle named NEXUS which was proposed by Krafft Arnold Ehricke in the early 1960s. It was one of the largest spacecraft ever conceptualized with a diameter of over 50 metres and the capability to", "id": "10328887" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n. According to writer Jerry Pournelle: \"DC-X was conceived in my living room and sold to National Space Council Chairman Dan Quayle by General Graham, Max Hunter and me.\" According to Max Hunter, however, he had tried hard to convince Lockheed Martin of the concept's value for several years before he retired. Hunter had written a paper in 1985 entitled \"The Opportunity\", detailing the concept of a Single-Stage-To-Orbit spacecraft built with low-cost \"off-the-shelf", "id": "15420673" }, { "contents": "Rob Meyerson\n\n\nInitiative contract with NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. Meyerson launched his career as an aerospace engineer at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) from 1985 to 1997 working on human spaceflight systems, including the aerodynamic design of the Space Shuttle orbiter drag parachute, as well as the overall design, integration, and flight test of a gliding parachute for the X-38 Crew Rescue Vehicle, a crew return vehicle designed to return astronauts to earth from the International Space Station. Meyerson began with NASA in 1985 as a cooperative education student at JSC", "id": "8603673" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nfor the X-33 was selected over competing concepts from Boeing and McDonnell Douglas. Boeing proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design, and McDonnell Douglas proposed a design based on its vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL) DC-XA test vehicle. The uncrewed X-33 was slated to fly 15 suborbital hops to near 75.8 km altitude. It was to be launched upright like a rocket and rather than having a straight flight path it would fly diagonally up for half the flight, reaching extremely high altitudes, and then for the rest of the", "id": "9997274" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nThe methodologies were later adopted as a standard by the Air Transport Association. He later joined the Thor missile project as the chief design engineer, and this introduced him to the world of space launchers. With new upper stages, Thor became the Delta, one of the most-used launchers in the 1960s. In spite of Thor's success, Hunter was dissatisfied with the state of the launcher market and later wrote that \"by the end of 1963 the state of recoverable rockets was terrible.\" He was convinced that as", "id": "7750830" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nit the DC-X for Delta Clipper Experimental. The name honored the firm's successful Thor/Delta rocket and recalled the famous 19th-century commercial clipper ships. The McDonnell Douglas SSTO team saw the Delta Clipper as opening the \"space trade routes in the same way that the Yankee Clipper ships opened the sea trade routes.\" The needs of the commercial launch industry thus were integral to the thinking of the McDonnell Douglas DC-X team. General Graham envisioned the DC-X as the perfect inexpensive launch and delivery", "id": "5770549" }, { "contents": "George Huebner\n\n\nproduce intercontinental ballistic missiles. Huebner was named executive engineer in charge of Chrysler's Missile Branch. At the time he was serving as executive engineer of research for Chrysler in their automotive division. He developed a complete research and development missile facility that included engineering, testing, and production of the Redstone rocket. These rockets ultimately launched into orbit the first U.S. satellites and the first manned space flights. Huebner worked closely with Wernher von Braun on the space program. For two years he worked on this rocket project and then went back", "id": "15004097" }, { "contents": "Reusable launch system\n\n\nthe McDonnell Douglas Delta Clipper VTOL SSTO proposal progressed to the testing phase. The DC-X prototype demonstrated rapid turnaround time and automatic computer control. In mid-1990, British research evolved an earlier HOTOL design into the far more promising Skylon design, which remains in development. From the commercial side, Rocketplane Kistler and Rotary Rocket attempted to build reusable privately developed rockets before going bankrupt. NASA proposed risky reusable concepts to replace the Shuttle technology, to be demonstrated under the X-33 and X-34 programs, which were both cancelled in the early", "id": "19421229" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\na number of SSTO advocates to reconsider hydrogen as a satisfactory fuel. The late Max Hunter, while employing hydrogen fuel in the DC-X, often said that he thought the first successful orbital SSTO would more likely be fueled by propane. Some SSTO concepts use the same engine for all altitudes, which is a problem for traditional engines with a bell-shaped nozzle. Depending on the atmospheric pressure, different bell shapes are optimal. Engines operating in the lower atmosphere have shorter bells than those designed to work in vacuum.", "id": "10328899" }, { "contents": "George Mueller (NASA)\n\n\ndesigns ranged from 'simple' concepts like Martin Marietta's six person reusable craft similar to the Dyna-Soar (launched by a Titan III-M), to partially reusable concepts like Lockheed's Star Clipper or Tip Tank from McDonnell Douglas, to fully reusable two-stage vehicles like the one proposed by General Dynamics. Following this symposium Mueller continued to champion a \"space shuttle\". He did not invent the term, but he made it his own. He was also a keen proponent of space stations and was", "id": "16249187" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nIn October 2000, Beal Aerospace ceased operations citing a decision by NASA and the Department of Defense to commit themselves to the development of the competing government-financed EELV program. In 1998 Rotary Rocket proposed the Roton, a Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) piloted Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) space transport. A full scale Roton Atmospheric Test Vehicle flew three times in 1999. After spending tens of millions of dollars in development the Roton failed to secure launch contracts and Rotary Rocket ceased operations in 2001. On", "id": "288621" }, { "contents": "List of human spaceflight programs\n\n\ncommissioned by the Russian Aerospace Agency since 1993. The Kankoh-maru (観光丸? Kankōmaru) is the name of a proposed vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL), single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), reusable launch system (rocket-powered spacecraft). The Ansari X Prize was a space competition in which the X Prize Foundation offered a US$10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable crewed spacecraft into space twice within two weeks. Twenty-six teams from around the world", "id": "19978394" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nby 2016, and some space ventures have had to turn away investor funding. After earlier first effort of OTRAG, in the 1990s the projection of a significant demand for communications satellite launches attracted the development of a number of commercial space launch providers. The launch demand largely vanished when some of the largest satellite constellations, such as 288 satellite Teledesic network, were never built. In 1996 NASA selected Lockheed Martin Skunk Works to build the X-33 VentureStar prototype for a single stage to orbit (SSTO) reusable launch vehicle. In 1999", "id": "288619" }, { "contents": "James Smith McDonnell\n\n\nMcDonnell Aircraft Corporation in 1939. Headquartered in St. Louis, the company quickly grew into a principal supplier of fighter aircraft to the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy, including the F-4 Phantom II fighter and the Mercury and Gemini space capsules. In 1967, McDonnell Aircraft merged with the Douglas Aircraft Company to create McDonnell Douglas. Later that year Douglas Aircraft Company's space and missiles division became part of a new subsidiary called McDonnell Douglas Astronautics, located in Huntington Beach, California, producing the Delta series of launch vehicles. The new", "id": "21028393" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\ndeath, the first launch vehicle based on his designs, the McDonnell Douglas DC-X (Delta Clipper) began a largely successful series of test flights. The DC-X was a vertical-takeoff and vertical landing vehicle. The series of test flights began on 18 August 1993 and continued until the upgraded version of the launch vehicle (renamed the DC-XA) tipped over on landing on July 31, 1996. Among Bono's visionary designs was a 1960 Boeing design for a manned Mars spacecraft capable of carrying a", "id": "3522773" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\neight Block II satellites for flights on the new Delta II expendable Medium Launch Vehicle in lieu of the Space Shuttle. Space Division awarded the Medium Launch Vehicle (MLV) contract to McDonnell-Douglas Astronautics Company on 21 January 1987. However, unlike earlier commercial arrangements, the company would no longer be under contract to NASA. Under the new Commercial Expendable Launch Vehicle program encouraged by president Ronald Reagan since 1983, McDonnell-Douglas would be responsible for producing, marketing and launching its commercial Delta IIs. The Air Force would be", "id": "19923501" }, { "contents": "Mel Hunter\n\n\nfor the years 1960-1962. As Hunter's science fiction career blossomed, so did his technical and scientific illustrations. Hunter's love of air and space took him from California's desert runways to Florida's seacoast launchpads to illustrate every variety of jet-age aircraft and space-age rocket imaginable—from X-15 to Saturn V. One of Hunter's best-known books is \"The Missilemen\", a photo illustrated work published in 1960 by Doubleday. Hunter visited U.S. rocket and missile sites during the late 1950s; he", "id": "20560131" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\na single-stage-to-orbit vehicle. Five companies expressed interest and proposed concepts. Three (LM, Rockwell and McDonnell Douglas) were selected for workup into more detailed proposals. Rockwell proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design. It would have used one Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) and two RL-10-5A engines. In a subsequent full-scale system to reach orbit Rockwell planned to use six Rocketdyne RS-2100 engines. McDonnell Douglas featured a design using liquid oxygen/hydrogen bell engines based on its vertical takeoff", "id": "9997282" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\nresearch ways to make more efficient use of the wing surface during high-speed maneuvers. The Directorate is also a collaborator with DARPA, the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Sandia National Laboratories and AFRL's Space Vehicles Directorate on the FALCON program, which includes the HTV-3X Blackswift hypersonic flight demonstration vehicle. The Air Vehicles Directorate also collaborated with NASA and Boeing on the initial work for the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle and the 80% scaled version, X-40A Space Maneuver Vehicle, prior to the classification of the program and", "id": "1842734" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nparts for re-use. After landing the vehicle would be refit, mated with another tank, and be ready for another mission. Hunter moved to Lockheed in the fall of 1965. On his first day he was asked if there was anything Lockheed should be looking at, and he immediately suggested development of his stage-and-a-half design. His suggestions caught the ear of Eugene Root, president of Lockheed Missiles and Space, who gave him the go-ahead to study what became known as the Star", "id": "7750834" }, { "contents": "PGM-17 Thor\n\n\ndeployment as a missile a few years after deployment, the Thor rocket found widespread use as a space launch vehicle. It was the first in a large family of space launch vehicles—the Delta rockets. The last remaining descendant of the Thor, the Delta II, was retired in 2018, and the Delta IV is based on entirely new technology, unlike the Delta II. see Project Emily Stations and Squadrons Family: Thor IRBM, Thor DM-18 (single stage LV); Thor DM-19 (rocket 1st stage), Thor", "id": "15220989" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthree of its four landing pads deployed, which caused it to tip over on its side and explode. The project has not been continued since. From 1999 to 2001 Rotary Rocket attempted to build a SSTO vehicle called the Roton. It received a large amount of media attention and a working sub-scale prototype was completed, but the design was largely impractical. There have been various approaches to SSTO, including pure rockets that are launched and land vertically, air-breathing scramjet-powered vehicles that are launched and land horizontally", "id": "10328891" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\n. The facilities for testing rockets are frequently used for testing new rocket engines including the RS-68 rocket engine developed for use on the Delta IV launch vehicle. The space propulsion area also develops technologies for use in satellites on-orbit to alter their orbits. An AFRL-developed experimental Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) arcjet was flown on the ARGOS satellite in 1999 as part of the Air Force Space Test Program. The Directorate currently manages the X-51A program, which is developing a scramjet demonstration vehicle. The X-51 program is working", "id": "1842749" }, { "contents": "Laurel van der Wal\n\n\nhonors. Her graduate education was funded in part by a National Research Council fellowship to study aeronautics in Stockholm, Sweden. As a young engineer van der Wal worked at Douglas Aircraft as a data analyst on the Nike missile program, and later designing missile systems for the Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation. Starting in 1958, she was the project engineer on three MIA (Mouse-in-Able) launches from Cape Canaveral, as head of bioastronautics at Space Technology Laboratories. She was named the \"Los Angeles Times\"'s \"", "id": "12236594" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nThe National Launch System (or New Launch System) was a study authorized in 1991 by President George H. W. Bush to outline alternatives to the Space Shuttle for access to Earth orbit. Shortly thereafter, NASA asked Lockheed Missiles and Space, McDonnell Douglas, and TRW to perform a ten-month study. A series of launch vehicles was proposed, based around the proposed Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) liquid-fuel rocket engine. The STME was to be a simplified, expendable version of the Space Shuttle main engine (", "id": "11086741" }, { "contents": "Michael R. Clifford\n\n\nfrom the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and was designated an experimental test pilot. In December 1995, Clifford retired from the army. As a military officer, Clifford was assigned to the Johnson Space Center in July 1987. As a Space Shuttle Vehicle Integration engineer, his duties involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle Program. He was involved in design certification and integration of the Shuttle Crew Escape System, and was an executive board member of the Solid Rocket Booster Postflight Assessment Team. Selected as an astronaut", "id": "18151051" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n. In the Shuttle development effort he led a team working on vehicle aerodynamics and the main engines, which included developing full-scale component tests and scaling methodologies, and applying computational fluid dynamics to overcome a wide range of aerothermochemistry problems. He was Chief of the Aerophysics Division at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center until 1992, when he became Chief Aerodynamicist at the NASA Center. He was awarded the AIAA Aerodynamics Award in 1997 for his exceptional lifetime contributions to the aerodynamic design and analysis of strategic missiles and manned/unmanned launch", "id": "21371187" }, { "contents": "Robert A. Heinlein\n\n\noften in his fiction, as do fictitious strikable self-lighting cigarettes. In 1980 Robert Heinlein was a member of the Citizens Advisory Council on National Space Policy, chaired by Jerry Pournelle, which met at the home of SF writer Larry Niven to write space policy papers for the incoming Reagan Administration. Members included such aerospace industry leaders as former astronaut Buzz Aldrin, General Daniel O. Graham, aerospace engineer Max Hunter and North American Rockwell VP for Space Shuttle development George Merrick. Policy recommendations from the Council included ballistic missile defense concepts", "id": "5599733" }, { "contents": "Wernher von Braun\n\n\nUnited States, along with about 1,600 other German scientists, engineers, and technicians, as part of Operation Paperclip. He worked for the United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) program, and he developed the rockets that launched the United States' first space satellite Explorer 1. His group was assimilated into NASA, where he served as director of the newly formed Marshall Space Flight Center and as the chief architect of the Saturn V super heavy-lift launch vehicle that propelled the Apollo spacecraft to the", "id": "15033628" }, { "contents": "Jarvis (rocket)\n\n\nJarvis was a proposed American medium-lift launch vehicle for space launch, designed by Hughes Aircraft and Boeing during the mid-1980s as part of the joint United States Air Force (USAF)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Launch System (ALS) study. Intended to utilize engines and tooling in storage from the Saturn V rocket program along with Space Shuttle components, and projected to be capable of carrying up to six satellites into multiple orbits using a single launch (e.g. GPS constellation), the proposal failed to meet the ALS", "id": "15822979" }, { "contents": "Robert F. Overmyer\n\n\nMarch 1988, he joined the Space Station Team at McDonnell Douglas Aerospace, where he led crew and operations activities for seven years. He retired from McDonnell Douglas in April 1995 and expanded the scope of Mach Twenty Five International, continuing his aerospace consultation work as well as speaking engagements and writing. Overmyer continued his career as a general aviation test pilot. Having former experience with aeronautical testing at both U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School and NASA, he joined Minnesota-based aircraft manufacturer Cirrus Design (now called Cirrus Aircraft) as", "id": "19963429" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n, nuclear-powered vehicles, and even jet-engine-powered vehicles that can fly into orbit and return landing like an airliner, completely intact. For rocket-powered SSTO, the main challenge is achieving a high enough mass-ratio to carry sufficient propellant to achieve orbit, plus a meaningful payload weight. One possibility is to give the rocket an initial speed with a space gun, as planned in the Quicklaunch project. For air-breathing SSTO, the main challenge is system complexity and associated research and development costs", "id": "10328892" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfuel for increasing efficiency once in space. Further examples of Bono's early concepts (prior to the 1990s) which were never constructed include: Around 1985 the NASP project was intended to launch a scramjet vehicle into orbit, but funding was stopped and the project cancelled. At around the same time, the HOTOL tried to use precooled jet engine technology, but failed to show significant advantages over rocket technology. The DC-X, short for Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed one-third scale vertical takeoff and landing demonstrator", "id": "10328889" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nShuttle design. The detailed study of the cost advantages of the drop tank design demonstrated a dramatic reduction in development risk, and as a result, development costs. When funding for STS development was cut, the drop tank was taken up as a way to meet the developmental budgets, leading to the semi-reusable Space Shuttle design. Maxwell Hunter was working at Douglas Aircraft where he formalized the calculation of aircraft operation economics. His methodologies were first published in 1940, and were later applied to the Douglas DC-6 and DC-7.", "id": "7750829" }, { "contents": "Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle\n\n\nThe Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle, designed for NASA's Project Mercury, was the first American crewed space booster. It was used for six sub-orbital Mercury flights from 1960–61; culminating with the launch of the first, and 11 weeks later, the second American (and the second and third humans) in space. The four subsequent Mercury human spaceflights used the more powerful Atlas booster to enter low Earth orbit. A member of the Redstone rocket family, it was derived from the U.S. Army's Redstone ballistic missile and", "id": "11828011" }, { "contents": "British Aerospace HOTOL\n\n\nspace launch system. In 1982, British Aerospace (BAe), which was Europe's principal satellite-builder, began studying a prospective new launch system with the aim of providing launch costs that were 20 per cent of the American Space Shuttle operated by NASA. BAe became aware of work by British engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce on a suitable engine, and soon conceived of an unmanned, fully reuseable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) winged spaceplane as a launch vehicle. Thus, the project had soon became", "id": "14493503" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\nrole in the civilian NASA Project Mercury, Project Gemini and Project Apollo manned space programs along with military Space Shuttle flights. The mission of the unit today is performed by the 45th Space Wing (no direct lineage). Activated in December 1950, replacing 550th Guided Missiles Wing. the 6555th had a distinguished career launching and/or managing ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and payloads for the Ballistic Systems Division, the Space Systems Division and the Space & Missile Systems Organization. As a Wing or a Group, the 6555th earned ten Air", "id": "19923442" }, { "contents": "William H. Dana\n\n\ncontributions to the lifting body program, Dana received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal. In 1976 he received the Haley Space Flight Award from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) for his research work on the M2-F3 lifting body control systems. A member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Dana is the author of several technical papers. In 1993, he was inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Honor. During the X-15 program, eight pilots flew above 264,000 feet or 50 miles, thereby qualifying as astronauts according to", "id": "8766846" }, { "contents": "USAF Hunter-Killer\n\n\nHunter-Killer is an unofficial project name based upon an \"Aviation Week & Space Technology\" article. The U.S. Air Force's Hunter-Killer program was a tactical unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV) procurement program. The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, a variant of the MQ-1 Predator won the project and was deployed in Afghanistan. This is the U.S. Air Force program for which several companies have developed vehicles. Although the J-UCAS concept is a long way from the early idea of a \"reusable cruise missile\",", "id": "18825446" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nlong as launchers were thrown away, access to space would never be affordable. Several companies had already completed early feasibility studies of fully reusable spacecraft, like the Martin Marietta Astrorocket and Douglas Astro. The designs used two flyback stages, one of which flew back to the launch point, while the other flew into orbit and landed after its mission. Hunter thought that any such design was tantamount to making two aircraft to do the job of one, and it was only the upper stage that was of any real use. By", "id": "7750831" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\ndirector of the CIA under Director William Colby and from 1974–1976 he was the director of the DIA. Ronald Reagan called upon General Graham to be his military advisor for his 1976 and 1980 campaigns. General Graham is a member of the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame. In later years, Graham devoted a lot of time to the research and development of Single-Stage To Orbit (SSTO) spacecraft in conjunction with NASA. McDonnell Douglas was awarded a contract to build an SSTO test vehicle on August 16, 1991, and named", "id": "5770548" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nBased on its experience working with Minuteman assets, Space Vector was tasked by Lockheed in 1980 to help develop the Homing Overlay Experiment (HOE) booster for the U.S. Army which would go on to become the first successful hit-to-kill intercept of a mock ballistic missile warhead outside the Earth’s atmosphere. This technology was later used by the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and expanded into the Exoatmospheric Reentry-vehicle Interception System (ERIS) program. In 1982 Space Vector was tapped by Space Services Inc. of America (", "id": "7487030" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nPhilip Bono (13 January 1921 – 23 May 1993) was a Douglas Aircraft Company engineer. He was a pioneer of reusable vertical landing single-stage to orbit launch vehicles. As a visionary designer, he is credited with inventing the first version of a recoverable single-stage spacecraft booster, and his contributions influenced spacecraft design. Bono pursued single-stage space launch as simpler and cheaper. He realized to do this he would need to use high specific impulse liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engines. Afterwards he proposed to", "id": "3522770" }, { "contents": "Vance D. Coffman\n\n\nin Aerospace Engineering of Iowa State University (ISU). Coffman had three brothers, all of which studied at ISU within the engineering and science departments. Coffman has Master's and Doctorate graduate in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University. In 1967, Coffman joined Lockheed Martin Corporation's Space Systems Division, working on the development of space programs and data processing systems for the corporation. By 1988 he was president of the Space Systems Division. He directed the Hubble Space Telescope project for Lockheed. By 1998 he was the chairman and", "id": "11284872" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n\" commercial parts and currently-available technology, but Lockheed Martin was not interested enough to fund such a program themselves. On February 15, 1989, Pournelle, Graham and Hunter were able to procure a meeting with Vice-President Dan Quayle. They \"sold\" the idea to SDIO by noting that any space-based weapons system would need to be serviced by a spacecraft that was far more reliable than the Space Shuttle, and offer lower launch costs and have much better turnaround times. Given the uncertainties of the design", "id": "15420674" }, { "contents": "Abdul Majid (physicist)\n\n\nand joined Pakistan's Space Program as a researcher in astrophysics and aeronautical labs. Majid worked under the supervision of noted Pakistani-Polish military scientist and aeronautical engineer, Air Commodore W. J. M. Turowicz, in the field of Rocket Technology and published numerous research papers. He is credited for the design and developed the Hypersonic Rocket Launch Vehicle or Hatf Missiles Series during his stay at SUPARCO. In 1983, Dr Majid was put in-charge of Satellite Development Program of Pakistan. He is widely credited for the indigenous development and launching", "id": "14780917" }, { "contents": "Martin Knutson\n\n\n's aging fleet of F-104 support aircraft with F/A-18 Hornets. He also provided leadership for numerous flight research projects including the X-29 forward-swept-wing technology demonstrator; the Controlled Impact Demonstration, the F-15 Digital Electronic Engine Control project that integrated propulsion and flight controls, the Pegasus air-launched rocket for placing small payloads into low-Earth orbit; the CV-990 Landing Systems Research aircraft that tested improved braking systems for the space shuttle; and the F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle. After the Air Force announced the impending retirement", "id": "2519508" }, { "contents": "Pioneer Rocketplane\n\n\nMissile Range Officers’ Club on May 12, 1993. The original concept was developed by then Air Force Captain Mitchell Burnside Clapp, who envisioned an aerial refueled, rocket-powered single-stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicle using jet fuel and hydrogen peroxide. This concept seemed a natural match for the Air Force's TransAtmospheric Vehicle (TAV) mission and studies began at the USAF Phillips Laboratory. Aerospace engineering legend Burt Rutan and noted aircraft designer Dan Raymer contributed input to the development of the design. During the winter of", "id": "17524030" }, { "contents": "Thor (rocket family)\n\n\nThor was a US space launch vehicle derived from the PGM-17 Thor intermediate-range ballistic missile. The Thor rocket was the first member of the Delta rocket family of space launch vehicles. The last launch of a direct derivative of the Thor missile occurred in 2018 as the first stage of the final Delta II. Thor was first used as a launch vehicle during the testing program of the warhead reentry vehicle for the Atlas missile. For these three tests a Thor core stage was topped by the Able second stage. Able used the", "id": "21158637" }, { "contents": "Boeing X-37\n\n\nThe Boeing X-37, also known as the Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), is a reusable robotic spacecraft. It is boosted into space by a launch vehicle, then re-enters Earth's atmosphere and lands as a spaceplane. The X-37 is operated by the United States Air Force for orbital spaceflight missions intended to demonstrate reusable space technologies. It is a 120%-scaled derivative of the earlier Boeing X-40. The X-37 began as a NASA project in 1999, before being transferred to the U.S. Department of Defense in 2004. Its first", "id": "12510871" }, { "contents": "LGM-25C Titan II\n\n\nThe Titan II was an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and space launcher developed by the Glenn L. Martin Company from the earlier Titan I missile. Titan II was originally designed and used as an ICBM, but was later adapted as a medium-lift space launch vehicle to carry payloads to Earth orbit for the United States Air Force (USAF), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Those payloads included the USAF Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), NOAA weather", "id": "10861471" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\non the X-33 experience shared with NASA, Lockheed Martin hoped to make the business case for a full-scale SSTO RLV, called VentureStar, that would be developed and operated through commercial means. The intention was that rather than operate space transport systems as it has with the Space Shuttle, NASA would instead look to private industry to operate the reusable launch vehicle and NASA would purchase launch services from the commercial launch provider. Thus, the X-33 was not only about honing space flight technologies, but also about successfully demonstrating the technology", "id": "9997276" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nmake these vehicles reusable. From his ROOST design onwards Bono advocated space launch vehicles without wings, usually using rocket assisted vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL). According to his estimates, wings consisted mostly of dead weight that decreased launch payload mass. He patented a reusable plug nozzle rocket engine which had dual use as a heat shield for atmospheric reentry. His early 1960s concepts influenced later designs like the 1990s Delta Clipper, also from Douglas. Philip Bono was born in Brooklyn, New York on 13 January 1921. He graduated", "id": "3522771" }, { "contents": "Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment\n\n\nof new space services and other activities that would improve U.S. economic competitiveness. The program implemented the National Space Transportation Policy, which is designed to accelerate the development of new launch technologies and concepts to contribute to the continuing commercialization of the national space launch industry. Both the X-33 and the smaller X-34 technology testbed demonstrator were under the Space Transportation Program Offices at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. The air-launched, winged X-34 also was to demonstrate technologies applicable to future-generation reusable launch vehicles designed to dramatically", "id": "20761669" }, { "contents": "Adolf Thiel\n\n\nfor the Thor ballistic missile, which became a first-stage launch for the Explorer spacecraft. He was director of space projects for TRW when it developed Explorer VI and Pioneer V, two of the earliest US craft to explore interplanetary space. He oversaw all of TRW's space programs during the 1970s. After his retirement in 1980 as a senior vice president, Thiel served as an executive consultant to TRW and on NASA planning groups. He was named a fellow of the American Astronautical Society in 1968. He married Frances Thiel", "id": "11277096" }, { "contents": "BAC Mustard\n\n\nin other space programmes, such as the American Space Shuttle. Mustard was a modular re-usable space launch system, comprising multiple copies of a single vehicle design, each of which was configured for a different role as a booster stage or an orbital spaceplane. The core vehicle design resembled the basic layout of the Douglas Astro, both being delta-winged reusable vehicles, as would the later American Space Shuttle. Furthermore, all three functioned as vertically-launched rockets and used integral wings so that they could land horizontally,", "id": "11296482" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nSSIA) to fabricate and launch the Conestoga I off Matagorda Island, Texas which became the first privately funded rocket to reach space. In 1992 Space Vector teamed with Coleman Research Corporation (now a division of L-3 Communications) and Aerotherm to provide the Army Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC) with 25 Hera target vehicles to support testing of THAAD and Patriot PAC-3 anti-ballistic missile systems. Space Vector went on to earn the distinction in 1997 as the first company to air launch a minuteman based target vehicle. The single", "id": "7487031" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n-range ballistic missile and the large Saturn I booster rocket. Following the Russian Sputnik launch, in July 1960 he moved with other von Braun rocket scientists from the Army Ballistic Missile Agency to the newly founded NASA. There, as part of the Apollo moon-landing program, he made major contributions working on the Saturn V booster rocket, on aerothermodynamics, and on liquid hydrogen propellant systems. He subsequently was involved in numerous projects contributing to the nation's manned and unmanned space flight programs, especially Skylab and the Space Shuttle", "id": "21371186" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nthe NLS-1 core stage. The NLS program did not venture beyond the planning stages and did not survive the Presidency of Bill Clinton, which started in January 1993. In 1992, Daniel Goldin was selected to replace Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly as NASA administrator. Goldin championed the motto, \"faster, better, cheaper,\" which may not have fit the ambitious NLS vision. A NASA history from 1998 says that reusable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) rockets and space planes such as the McDonnell Douglas DC", "id": "11086743" }, { "contents": "Gary Hudson (engineer)\n\n\nGary Hudson has been involved in private spaceflight development for over 40 years. Hudson is best known as the founder of Rotary Rocket Company, which in spending ~$30 Million attempted to build a unique single stage to orbit launch vehicle known as the Roton. Rotary Rocket built a landing test simulator (the Roton ATV) which flew three successful test flights in 1999. He also helped found Transformational Space T/Space in 2004. He also helped found AirLaunch LLC which was awarded the DARPA/USAF FALCON project in 2003. Previous projects", "id": "10746924" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nof Space Shuttle Columbia touched down on Rogers Dry Lakebed, with Astronauts John Young and Robert Crippin successfully landing the first orbiting space vehicle ever to leave the Earth under rocket power and return to Earth aerodynamically for re-use. The \"Flying Wing\" returned to Edwards in the late 1980s when the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber began testing, and at a remote site, the F-117A Nighthawk stealth fighter. Air-Launched Cruise Missile, and LANTIRN systems were also tested during the 1980s. The 1990s saw the arrival of the Lockheed", "id": "14946576" }, { "contents": "Jerry Pournelle\n\n\nof making recommendation to the US Air Force on investment in technologies required to build the missile force to be deployed in 1975. After Project 75 was completed Pournelle became manager of several advanced concept studies. At North American Rockwell’s Space Division, Pournelle was associate director of operations research, where he took part in the Apollo program and general operations. He was founding President of the Pepperdine Research Institute. In 1989, Pournelle, Max Hunter, and retired Army Lieutenant General Daniel O. Graham made a presentation to then Vice President Dan", "id": "16491387" }, { "contents": "United States Air Force Plant 42\n\n\nby McDonnell Douglas, St. Louis, Missouri, and transported by aircraft to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. They were also transported by aircraft from Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility to the Kennedy Space Center. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration had been paying the Air Force for use of Plant 42 facilities for the shuttle work. NASA decided in February 2002 to shift space shuttle overhaul and modification work from Palmdale to Florida. Current projects include design, engineering, pre-production, production, modification, flight testing, servicing and repair", "id": "9173070" }, { "contents": "William C. Schwartz\n\n\nspace vehicles and orbital calculations. He was a member of the founding group within NAA involved with the development of space vehicles and which developed the Apollo program. In the early 1960s, he moved to The Martin Company (later Martin Marietta and now Lockheed Martin), where he managed three departments, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Human Factors for the missile developer. It was during this period that he became involved in laser research and development. Shortly after the invention of the laser in 1960, Martin recognized its potential in", "id": "13650865" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthat could lead to an SSTO vehicle. The one-third-size test craft was operated and maintained by a small team of three people based out of a trailer, and the craft was once relaunched less than 24 hours after landing. Although the test program was not without mishap (including a minor explosion), the DC-X demonstrated that the maintenance aspects of the concept were sound. That project was cancelled when it landed with three of four legs deployed, tipped over, and exploded on the fourth flight after", "id": "10328911" }, { "contents": "Marti Sarigul-Klijn\n\n\nDr. Marti Sarigul-Klijn is an expert at rapidly designing, fabricating, and test flying proof-of-concept prototypes. He holds a Ph.D. in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and is a graduate of the United States Naval Test Pilot School and the United States Naval Academy. After completing twenty years in the Navy with the final rank of Commander, he has since worked on over 20 design proposals that include aircraft, UAV's, rocket propulsion, and space launch vehicles. Seven of these proposals continued to", "id": "11065599" }, { "contents": "Jerauld R. Gentry\n\n\nJerauld Richard \"Jerry\" Gentry (May 16, 1935 – March 3, 2003) was a United States Air Force (USAF) test pilot and Vietnam combat veteran. As chief USAF pilot of the Lifting Body Research Program, he helped validate the concept of flying a wingless vehicle back to Earth from space and landing it like an aircraft—an approach used by the Space Shuttle and to a greater degree by vehicles such as the Lockheed Martin X-33 and NASA X-38. Gentry completed thirty lifting body flights including the first flight", "id": "21488944" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nlifting body shape, composite multi-lobed liquid fuel tanks, and the aerospike engine, NASA and Lockheed Martin hoped to test fly a craft that would demonstrate the viability of a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) design. A spacecraft capable of reaching orbit in a single stage would not require external fuel tanks or boosters to reach low Earth orbit. Doing away with the need for \"staging\" with launch vehicles, such as with the Shuttle and the Apollo rockets, would lead to an inherently more reliable", "id": "9997271" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfor a proposed SSTO. It is one of only a few prototype SSTO vehicles ever built. Several other prototypes were intended, including the DC-X2 (a half-scale prototype) and the DC-Y, a full-scale vehicle which would be capable of single stage insertion into orbit. Neither of these were built, but the project was taken over by NASA in 1995, and they built the DC-XA, an upgraded one-third scale prototype. This vehicle was lost when it landed with only", "id": "10328890" }, { "contents": "Landing gear\n\n\ne.g., the Space Shuttle, or the USAF X-37), landing gear have been largely absent from orbital vehicles during the early decades since the advent of spaceflight technology, when orbital space transport has been the exclusive preserve of national-monopoly governmental space programs. Each spaceflight system to date has relied on expendable boosters to begin each ascent to orbital velocity. Recent advances in private space transport, where new competition to governmental space initiatives has emerged, have included the explicit design of landing gear into orbital booster rockets. SpaceX has initiated", "id": "10876701" }, { "contents": "Eric Boe\n\n\ninvolves work with displays and controls for future space vehicles. He made his first trip to space as pilot of during STS-126 on November 14, 2008. Boe flew his second space flight as pilot on STS-133, the final scheduled flight of the Space Shuttle \"Discovery\" and the third-to-last flight of the Space Shuttle program. In August 2012, Boe was named Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office. In July 2015, NASA announced Boe as one of the first astronauts for U.S. Commercial spaceflights. Subsequently, he", "id": "14264618" }, { "contents": "Melvin B. Zisfein\n\n\nMelvin B. Zisfein (1926-1995) was an aircraft designer and a Deputy Director of the U.S. National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC. Zisfein graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with degrees in aeronautical engineering (B.S. 1948; M.S. 1948) and worked as a designer, aerodynamicist, and manager for aircraft companies from then until 1966. He was associate director of the Franklin Institute Research Laboratories from 1966 to 1971. From 1971 to 1982 he served as the deputy director of the National Air and Space Museum,", "id": "1801139" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nselected from the Air Force's test pilot cadre. Additionally, the AFTC assisted with the testing of rocket engines and re-entry vehicles. Along with the X-15, pilots at Edwards were expanding the frontiers of atmospheric flight, testing the XB-70 Valkyrie high-altitude bomber, along with the YF-12 interceptor for Air Defense Command and the SR-71 Blackbird Strategic Reconnaissance aircraft for Strategic Air Command. With the decline of the military manned space mission after the NASA Lunar Landing Program ended, the Aerospace Research Pilot School was once again re-", "id": "14946574" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nDC-X were hired by Blue Origin, and their New Shepard vehicle was inspired by the DC-X design. Blue Origin does not require the high cross range capabilities, and therefore uses a base-first re-entry profile. Also, the DC-X provided inspiration for many elements of Armadillo Aerospace's, Masten Space Systems's, and TGV Rockets's spacecraft designs. Some NASA engineers believe that the DC-X could provide a solution for a crewed Mars lander. Had a DC-type craft been", "id": "15420693" }, { "contents": "Rockwell X-30\n\n\nThe Rockwell X-30 was an advanced technology demonstrator project for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP), part of a United States project to create a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spacecraft and passenger spaceliner. It was cancelled in the early 1990s before a prototype was completed, although much development work in advanced materials and aerospace design was completed. While a goal of a future NASP was a passenger liner capable of two-hour flights from Washington to Tokyo, the X-30 was planned for a crew of", "id": "16588465" }, { "contents": "SpaceDev\n\n\nSpaceDev, a part of the \"Space Systems Business\" of Sierra Nevada Corporation, is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work. It designed and built components for the hybrid rocket motors for Paul Allen's Tier One suborbital SpaceShipOne space program operated by Scaled Composites. It is also developing micro- and nano-satellites, a small expendable launch vehicle, the SpaceDev Streaker, and has designed a piloted suborbital and orbital spaceship of its own, the SpaceDev Dream Chaser, in collaboration with NASA. SpaceDev is based near San Diego in", "id": "16321029" }, { "contents": "Glenn L. Martin Company\n\n\nby the American space program as one of its first satellite booster rockets as part of Project Vanguard. The Vanguard was the first American space exploration rocket designed from scratch to be an orbital launch vehicle — rather than being a modified sounding rocket (like the Juno I) or a ballistic missile (like the U.S. Army's Redstone missile). Martin also designed and manufactured the huge and heavily armed Titan I and LGM-25C Titan II Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). Martin Company of Orlando, Florida, was the prime contractor for", "id": "10667744" }, { "contents": "Shuttlecraft (Star Trek)\n\n\nplanetary surface and space. Wernher Von Braun in the 1950s conceived of a reusable winged spacecraft as a ferry rocket. Plans for such vehicles were referred to as \"DC-3\" by spacecraft designer Maxime Faget and Integrated Launch and Reentry Vehicle (ILRV) by NASA. During the late 1960s, while \"\" was being broadcast, these concepts became known as Space Shuttle. In a speech given to the British Interplanetary Society in August 1968 George Mueller, head of the NASA Office of Manned Space Flight, mentioned the need for a", "id": "13203374" }, { "contents": "The Aerospace Corporation\n\n\n. Gen. Bernard A. Schriever announced the \"formation of a new nonprofit organization, The Aerospace Corporation, to serve the Air Force in the scientific and technical planning and management of missile-space programs.\" Among the earliest projects it supported were the Dyna-Soar orbital spaceplane, Project Mercury, and the man-rating of the Atlas (rocket) intercontinental ballistic missile. The Aerospace Corporation provided general systems engineering and technical direction for the Titan II missile, first tested in 1962, which became the launch vehicle for Project Gemini", "id": "15141218" }, { "contents": "Timothy Creamer\n\n\nPrior to his astronaut selection in 1998, he had been working as a space operations officer, with the Army Space Command, stationed in Houston, Texas. He is now the Army’s NASA Detachment commander. Creamer was assigned to NASA at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in July 1995 as a Space Shuttle vehicle integration test engineer. His duties primarily involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle. He was actively involved in the integrated tests of the systems for each Orbiter for its preparations for its", "id": "7264360" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nof the rocket, the Clipper Graham soared into the skies over the old White Sands Missile Range to a height of 3,120 meters (10,300 ft) and stayed in the air for over two minutes before landing. That flight was the highest and longest the vehicle had ever flown until then. Robert A. Heinlein dedicated his 1985 novel The Cat Who Walks Through Walls to Graham and eight of the other members of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy. Graham was chairman of the American Space Frontier Committee, the Coalition for", "id": "5770554" }, { "contents": "SpaceX\n\n\nhas one of the largest concentrations of aerospace headquarters, facilities, and/or subsidiaries in the U.S., including Boeing/McDonnell Douglas main satellite building campuses, Aerospace Corp., Raytheon, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Air Force Space Command's Space and Missile Systems Center at Los Angeles Air Force Base, Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems, Northrop Grumman, and AECOM, etc., with a large pool of aerospace engineers and recent college engineering graduates. SpaceX utilizes a high degree of vertical integration in the production of its rockets and rocket", "id": "10001424" }, { "contents": "William H. Gerstenmaier\n\n\n1980, Gerstenmaier moved to Houston, Texas, to work at the Johnson Space Center, researching propulsion related to the Space Shuttle, and was involved in the earliest phases of the International Space Station design. In 1984, he was a semi-finalist in the selection for NASA Astronaut Group 10. In 1988, he first served as manager of Space Shuttle Program Integration, and then went on to serve as head of the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle Operations Office. Following that, he became Director of Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom", "id": "13055214" }, { "contents": "Bruno Augenstein\n\n\nBruno Wilhelm Augenstein (March 16, 1923 – July 6, 2005) was a German-born mathematician and physicist who made important contributions in space technology, ballistic missile research, satellites, antimatter, and many other areas. Augenstein worked in the Aerophysics Laboratory at North American Aviation on diverse projects including weaponization of the V-2 rocket, a ramjet-powered vehicle that later became the Navajo missile. He entered RAND Corporation as a consultant and subcontractor in 1949. Initially at RAND he developed an interest in long range missiles. Augenstein", "id": "1664472" }, { "contents": "Robert R. Gilruth\n\n\nRobert Rowe Gilruth (October 8, 1913 – August 17, 2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. He worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics from 1937 to 1958 and its successor NASA, until his retirement in 1973. He was involved with early research into supersonic flight and rocket-powered aircraft, and then with the United States manned space program, including the Mercury, Gemini", "id": "19875506" } ]

[ { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nMaxwell White Hunter II (March 11, 1922 – November 10, 2001) was a prominent American aerospace engineer. He worked on the design of the Douglas B-42 and Douglas B-43 bombers, the Honest John, Nike-Ajax, and Nike-Zeus missiles, the Thor IRBM, and on parts of the Strategic Defense Initiative. In later years he worked on space-launch vehicles and was a proponent of Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) designs. He was honored in 1995 by the National Space Society", "id": "13829898" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvariety of projects including parts of the mammoth Strategic Defense Initiative. SDI gave him a chance at realizing a dream he had nurtured since the 1960s: the construction of a Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle. In 1984, Hunter proposed a vehicle he called the X-rocket, based on those earlier SSTO designs. The design was reviewed by LMSC's Astronautics Division (AD), which judged it worth pursuing, and by its Missile Systems Division (MSD), which did not. LMSC then", "id": "13829902" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\npayloads into Earth orbit today. After working for Douglas Aircraft from 1944 to 1961, Hunter joined the staff of the National Aeronautics and Space Council, a group that advised the U.S. president on space policy. Following several years in that position, he went back to the aerospace industry in 1965, spending over two decades with Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (LMSC). (LMSC was a division of Lockheed Corporation, which merged with Martin Marietta in 1995 to become Lockheed-Martin.) At LMSC, Hunter worked on a", "id": "13829901" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nspace systems. In this position he oversaw the production of military missiles including the Honest John artillery rocket, the Nike antiaircraft missile, and the Sparrow air-to-air missile. Douglas Aircraft began work on the Thor, an early Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM), in late 1955 and put Hunter in charge of that program. He assembled a small team of crack designers and brought the development to success in a short time. Thor became the basis of the McDonnell Douglas Delta rocket, whose descendants are still boosting", "id": "13829900" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nand High Frontier convinced SDI management and other national officials that a study should be initiated to determine once and for all the feasibility of SSTO vehicles for military missions. This led to a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) program to design a single-stage vehicle that could replace military satellites on short notice during a national emergency. This vehicle was known as the Delta Clipper. McDonnell Douglas Corporation was contracted to build and test fly a one-third-scale, suborbital testbed called the DC-X, or Delta Clipper", "id": "13829904" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvehicle tipped over at landing. Funding to make repairs and continue flight tests was not made available. Max Hunter continued to advise on space policy issues and advocate the building of SSTO vehicles for airline-like access to space, a goal he was sure could be attained. He chaired the Rules Committee for the Ansari X Prize, announced in 1996, a $10 million prize for the first reusable craft to reach space twice within two weeks without substantial refit. In October 2000, he agreed to serve as Chairman of the", "id": "13829906" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nExperimental. While not capable of spaceflight, the DC-X incorporated many of the technologies needed for an SSTO vehicle, including highly automated systems enabling a quick turnaround (just twenty-six hours) between launches. It made eight successful test flights between August 18, 1993, and July 7, 1995, and then was taken over by NASA and flown four times as the DC-XA between May 18 and July 31, 1996. It was damaged on its last flight when one landing strut failed to deploy and the", "id": "13829905" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nfor lifelong contributions to the technology of spaceflight. Maxwell Hunter was born in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania and graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in that state with a degree in physics and mathematics. In 1944, he earned a Master's Degree in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). After earning his MS from MIT, Hunter went to work for the Douglas Aircraft Company. He became their chief designer in aeronautics, working on modifications of the B-42 and B-43 bombers. Later he was promoted to chief engineer for", "id": "13829899" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\ndeclined to support further work on the X-rocket, and Hunter retired. As an independent consultant, he renamed the concept SSX (for Space Ship Experimental), and began to refine it. In December 1988 the ad hoc Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy was briefed on the concept by Hunter and others. The general concept was endorsed by the Council and by High Frontier, Inc., a Washington-based group headed by Lt. Gen. Daniel O. Graham that lobbied for SDI programs. Working together, Hunter", "id": "13829903" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nAdvisory Board for the Undersea Hotel Project of the Cala Corporation. He died at Stanford Hospital, Stanford, California on the evening of November 10, 2001 after a lingering illness. Max Hunter was Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Beta Pi, and a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), the American Astronautical Society (AAS), and the British Interplanetary Society (BIS). He was also a member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) and an honorary member of the Japanese Rocket Society", "id": "13829907" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nThe DC-X, short for Delta Clipper or Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed prototype of a reusable single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle built by McDonnell Douglas in conjunction with the United States Department of Defense's Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) from 1991 to 1993. Starting 1994 until 1995, testing continued through funding of the US civil space agency NASA. In 1996, the DC-X technology was completely transferred to NASA, which upgraded the design for improved performance to create the DC-XA", "id": "15420672" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nvehicles was prepared by Chrysler Corporation's Space Division in 1970–1971 under NASA contract NAS8-26341. Their proposal (Shuttle SERV) was an enormous vehicle with more than of payload, utilizing jet engines for (vertical) landing. While the technical problems seemed to be solvable, the USAF required a winged design that led to the Shuttle as we know it today. The uncrewed DC-X technology demonstrator, originally developed by McDonnell Douglas for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program office, was an attempt to build a vehicle", "id": "10328910" }, { "contents": "David Urie\n\n\nsystem before initiating and heading the Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) and X-33 Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Programs at Lockheed. Urie's work as the program manager for the previously classified Have Region project demonstrated that rocket-powered single-stage-to-orbit vehicles were technically feasible, which led to the Lockheed Martin SSTO design approach. As a Director of the Lockheed-Martin Skunk Works SSTO/RLV Advanced Technology Demonstration Program, Urie conceived and developed the aerospike rocket propelled lifting body that was selected by NASA as", "id": "20876395" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nearly stages of flight; and flight within Earth's atmosphere, which limits speed in the early stages of flight and influences engine performance. Additionally, the retirement of NASA's Shuttle launch vehicle has resulted in a substantial reduction in the cost to launch a kilogram of payload to either low Earth orbit or the International Space Station, removing the main projected advantage of the SSTO concept. Notable single stage to orbit concepts include Skylon, the DC-X, the Lockheed Martin X-33, and the Roton SSTO. However, despite showing", "id": "10328885" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nThe Lockheed Martin X-33 was an uncrewed, sub-scale technology demonstrator suborbital spaceplane developed in the 1990s under the U.S. government-funded Space Launch Initiative program. The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for the VentureStar orbital spaceplane, which was planned to be a next-generation, commercially operated reusable launch vehicle. The X-33 would flight-test a range of technologies that NASA believed it needed for single-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicles (SSTO RLVs), such as metallic thermal protection systems, composite cryogenic fuel tanks", "id": "9997267" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n. During the 1960s some of the first concept designs for this kind of craft began to emerge. One of the earliest SSTO concepts was the expendable One stage Orbital Space Truck (OOST) proposed by Philip Bono, an engineer for Douglas Aircraft Company. A reusable version named ROOST was also proposed. Another early SSTO concept was a reusable launch vehicle named NEXUS which was proposed by Krafft Arnold Ehricke in the early 1960s. It was one of the largest spacecraft ever conceptualized with a diameter of over 50 metres and the capability to", "id": "10328887" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n. According to writer Jerry Pournelle: \"DC-X was conceived in my living room and sold to National Space Council Chairman Dan Quayle by General Graham, Max Hunter and me.\" According to Max Hunter, however, he had tried hard to convince Lockheed Martin of the concept's value for several years before he retired. Hunter had written a paper in 1985 entitled \"The Opportunity\", detailing the concept of a Single-Stage-To-Orbit spacecraft built with low-cost \"off-the-shelf", "id": "15420673" }, { "contents": "Rob Meyerson\n\n\nInitiative contract with NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. Meyerson launched his career as an aerospace engineer at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) from 1985 to 1997 working on human spaceflight systems, including the aerodynamic design of the Space Shuttle orbiter drag parachute, as well as the overall design, integration, and flight test of a gliding parachute for the X-38 Crew Rescue Vehicle, a crew return vehicle designed to return astronauts to earth from the International Space Station. Meyerson began with NASA in 1985 as a cooperative education student at JSC", "id": "8603673" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nfor the X-33 was selected over competing concepts from Boeing and McDonnell Douglas. Boeing proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design, and McDonnell Douglas proposed a design based on its vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL) DC-XA test vehicle. The uncrewed X-33 was slated to fly 15 suborbital hops to near 75.8 km altitude. It was to be launched upright like a rocket and rather than having a straight flight path it would fly diagonally up for half the flight, reaching extremely high altitudes, and then for the rest of the", "id": "9997274" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nThe methodologies were later adopted as a standard by the Air Transport Association. He later joined the Thor missile project as the chief design engineer, and this introduced him to the world of space launchers. With new upper stages, Thor became the Delta, one of the most-used launchers in the 1960s. In spite of Thor's success, Hunter was dissatisfied with the state of the launcher market and later wrote that \"by the end of 1963 the state of recoverable rockets was terrible.\" He was convinced that as", "id": "7750830" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nit the DC-X for Delta Clipper Experimental. The name honored the firm's successful Thor/Delta rocket and recalled the famous 19th-century commercial clipper ships. The McDonnell Douglas SSTO team saw the Delta Clipper as opening the \"space trade routes in the same way that the Yankee Clipper ships opened the sea trade routes.\" The needs of the commercial launch industry thus were integral to the thinking of the McDonnell Douglas DC-X team. General Graham envisioned the DC-X as the perfect inexpensive launch and delivery", "id": "5770549" }, { "contents": "George Huebner\n\n\nproduce intercontinental ballistic missiles. Huebner was named executive engineer in charge of Chrysler's Missile Branch. At the time he was serving as executive engineer of research for Chrysler in their automotive division. He developed a complete research and development missile facility that included engineering, testing, and production of the Redstone rocket. These rockets ultimately launched into orbit the first U.S. satellites and the first manned space flights. Huebner worked closely with Wernher von Braun on the space program. For two years he worked on this rocket project and then went back", "id": "15004097" }, { "contents": "Reusable launch system\n\n\nthe McDonnell Douglas Delta Clipper VTOL SSTO proposal progressed to the testing phase. The DC-X prototype demonstrated rapid turnaround time and automatic computer control. In mid-1990, British research evolved an earlier HOTOL design into the far more promising Skylon design, which remains in development. From the commercial side, Rocketplane Kistler and Rotary Rocket attempted to build reusable privately developed rockets before going bankrupt. NASA proposed risky reusable concepts to replace the Shuttle technology, to be demonstrated under the X-33 and X-34 programs, which were both cancelled in the early", "id": "19421229" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\na number of SSTO advocates to reconsider hydrogen as a satisfactory fuel. The late Max Hunter, while employing hydrogen fuel in the DC-X, often said that he thought the first successful orbital SSTO would more likely be fueled by propane. Some SSTO concepts use the same engine for all altitudes, which is a problem for traditional engines with a bell-shaped nozzle. Depending on the atmospheric pressure, different bell shapes are optimal. Engines operating in the lower atmosphere have shorter bells than those designed to work in vacuum.", "id": "10328899" }, { "contents": "George Mueller (NASA)\n\n\ndesigns ranged from 'simple' concepts like Martin Marietta's six person reusable craft similar to the Dyna-Soar (launched by a Titan III-M), to partially reusable concepts like Lockheed's Star Clipper or Tip Tank from McDonnell Douglas, to fully reusable two-stage vehicles like the one proposed by General Dynamics. Following this symposium Mueller continued to champion a \"space shuttle\". He did not invent the term, but he made it his own. He was also a keen proponent of space stations and was", "id": "16249187" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nIn October 2000, Beal Aerospace ceased operations citing a decision by NASA and the Department of Defense to commit themselves to the development of the competing government-financed EELV program. In 1998 Rotary Rocket proposed the Roton, a Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) piloted Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) space transport. A full scale Roton Atmospheric Test Vehicle flew three times in 1999. After spending tens of millions of dollars in development the Roton failed to secure launch contracts and Rotary Rocket ceased operations in 2001. On", "id": "288621" }, { "contents": "List of human spaceflight programs\n\n\ncommissioned by the Russian Aerospace Agency since 1993. The Kankoh-maru (観光丸? Kankōmaru) is the name of a proposed vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL), single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), reusable launch system (rocket-powered spacecraft). The Ansari X Prize was a space competition in which the X Prize Foundation offered a US$10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable crewed spacecraft into space twice within two weeks. Twenty-six teams from around the world", "id": "19978394" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nby 2016, and some space ventures have had to turn away investor funding. After earlier first effort of OTRAG, in the 1990s the projection of a significant demand for communications satellite launches attracted the development of a number of commercial space launch providers. The launch demand largely vanished when some of the largest satellite constellations, such as 288 satellite Teledesic network, were never built. In 1996 NASA selected Lockheed Martin Skunk Works to build the X-33 VentureStar prototype for a single stage to orbit (SSTO) reusable launch vehicle. In 1999", "id": "288619" }, { "contents": "James Smith McDonnell\n\n\nMcDonnell Aircraft Corporation in 1939. Headquartered in St. Louis, the company quickly grew into a principal supplier of fighter aircraft to the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy, including the F-4 Phantom II fighter and the Mercury and Gemini space capsules. In 1967, McDonnell Aircraft merged with the Douglas Aircraft Company to create McDonnell Douglas. Later that year Douglas Aircraft Company's space and missiles division became part of a new subsidiary called McDonnell Douglas Astronautics, located in Huntington Beach, California, producing the Delta series of launch vehicles. The new", "id": "21028393" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\ndeath, the first launch vehicle based on his designs, the McDonnell Douglas DC-X (Delta Clipper) began a largely successful series of test flights. The DC-X was a vertical-takeoff and vertical landing vehicle. The series of test flights began on 18 August 1993 and continued until the upgraded version of the launch vehicle (renamed the DC-XA) tipped over on landing on July 31, 1996. Among Bono's visionary designs was a 1960 Boeing design for a manned Mars spacecraft capable of carrying a", "id": "3522773" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\neight Block II satellites for flights on the new Delta II expendable Medium Launch Vehicle in lieu of the Space Shuttle. Space Division awarded the Medium Launch Vehicle (MLV) contract to McDonnell-Douglas Astronautics Company on 21 January 1987. However, unlike earlier commercial arrangements, the company would no longer be under contract to NASA. Under the new Commercial Expendable Launch Vehicle program encouraged by president Ronald Reagan since 1983, McDonnell-Douglas would be responsible for producing, marketing and launching its commercial Delta IIs. The Air Force would be", "id": "19923501" }, { "contents": "Mel Hunter\n\n\nfor the years 1960-1962. As Hunter's science fiction career blossomed, so did his technical and scientific illustrations. Hunter's love of air and space took him from California's desert runways to Florida's seacoast launchpads to illustrate every variety of jet-age aircraft and space-age rocket imaginable—from X-15 to Saturn V. One of Hunter's best-known books is \"The Missilemen\", a photo illustrated work published in 1960 by Doubleday. Hunter visited U.S. rocket and missile sites during the late 1950s; he", "id": "20560131" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\na single-stage-to-orbit vehicle. Five companies expressed interest and proposed concepts. Three (LM, Rockwell and McDonnell Douglas) were selected for workup into more detailed proposals. Rockwell proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design. It would have used one Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) and two RL-10-5A engines. In a subsequent full-scale system to reach orbit Rockwell planned to use six Rocketdyne RS-2100 engines. McDonnell Douglas featured a design using liquid oxygen/hydrogen bell engines based on its vertical takeoff", "id": "9997282" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\nresearch ways to make more efficient use of the wing surface during high-speed maneuvers. The Directorate is also a collaborator with DARPA, the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Sandia National Laboratories and AFRL's Space Vehicles Directorate on the FALCON program, which includes the HTV-3X Blackswift hypersonic flight demonstration vehicle. The Air Vehicles Directorate also collaborated with NASA and Boeing on the initial work for the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle and the 80% scaled version, X-40A Space Maneuver Vehicle, prior to the classification of the program and", "id": "1842734" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nparts for re-use. After landing the vehicle would be refit, mated with another tank, and be ready for another mission. Hunter moved to Lockheed in the fall of 1965. On his first day he was asked if there was anything Lockheed should be looking at, and he immediately suggested development of his stage-and-a-half design. His suggestions caught the ear of Eugene Root, president of Lockheed Missiles and Space, who gave him the go-ahead to study what became known as the Star", "id": "7750834" }, { "contents": "PGM-17 Thor\n\n\ndeployment as a missile a few years after deployment, the Thor rocket found widespread use as a space launch vehicle. It was the first in a large family of space launch vehicles—the Delta rockets. The last remaining descendant of the Thor, the Delta II, was retired in 2018, and the Delta IV is based on entirely new technology, unlike the Delta II. see Project Emily Stations and Squadrons Family: Thor IRBM, Thor DM-18 (single stage LV); Thor DM-19 (rocket 1st stage), Thor", "id": "15220989" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthree of its four landing pads deployed, which caused it to tip over on its side and explode. The project has not been continued since. From 1999 to 2001 Rotary Rocket attempted to build a SSTO vehicle called the Roton. It received a large amount of media attention and a working sub-scale prototype was completed, but the design was largely impractical. There have been various approaches to SSTO, including pure rockets that are launched and land vertically, air-breathing scramjet-powered vehicles that are launched and land horizontally", "id": "10328891" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\n. The facilities for testing rockets are frequently used for testing new rocket engines including the RS-68 rocket engine developed for use on the Delta IV launch vehicle. The space propulsion area also develops technologies for use in satellites on-orbit to alter their orbits. An AFRL-developed experimental Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) arcjet was flown on the ARGOS satellite in 1999 as part of the Air Force Space Test Program. The Directorate currently manages the X-51A program, which is developing a scramjet demonstration vehicle. The X-51 program is working", "id": "1842749" }, { "contents": "Laurel van der Wal\n\n\nhonors. Her graduate education was funded in part by a National Research Council fellowship to study aeronautics in Stockholm, Sweden. As a young engineer van der Wal worked at Douglas Aircraft as a data analyst on the Nike missile program, and later designing missile systems for the Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation. Starting in 1958, she was the project engineer on three MIA (Mouse-in-Able) launches from Cape Canaveral, as head of bioastronautics at Space Technology Laboratories. She was named the \"Los Angeles Times\"'s \"", "id": "12236594" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nThe National Launch System (or New Launch System) was a study authorized in 1991 by President George H. W. Bush to outline alternatives to the Space Shuttle for access to Earth orbit. Shortly thereafter, NASA asked Lockheed Missiles and Space, McDonnell Douglas, and TRW to perform a ten-month study. A series of launch vehicles was proposed, based around the proposed Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) liquid-fuel rocket engine. The STME was to be a simplified, expendable version of the Space Shuttle main engine (", "id": "11086741" }, { "contents": "Michael R. Clifford\n\n\nfrom the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and was designated an experimental test pilot. In December 1995, Clifford retired from the army. As a military officer, Clifford was assigned to the Johnson Space Center in July 1987. As a Space Shuttle Vehicle Integration engineer, his duties involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle Program. He was involved in design certification and integration of the Shuttle Crew Escape System, and was an executive board member of the Solid Rocket Booster Postflight Assessment Team. Selected as an astronaut", "id": "18151051" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n. In the Shuttle development effort he led a team working on vehicle aerodynamics and the main engines, which included developing full-scale component tests and scaling methodologies, and applying computational fluid dynamics to overcome a wide range of aerothermochemistry problems. He was Chief of the Aerophysics Division at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center until 1992, when he became Chief Aerodynamicist at the NASA Center. He was awarded the AIAA Aerodynamics Award in 1997 for his exceptional lifetime contributions to the aerodynamic design and analysis of strategic missiles and manned/unmanned launch", "id": "21371187" }, { "contents": "Robert A. Heinlein\n\n\noften in his fiction, as do fictitious strikable self-lighting cigarettes. In 1980 Robert Heinlein was a member of the Citizens Advisory Council on National Space Policy, chaired by Jerry Pournelle, which met at the home of SF writer Larry Niven to write space policy papers for the incoming Reagan Administration. Members included such aerospace industry leaders as former astronaut Buzz Aldrin, General Daniel O. Graham, aerospace engineer Max Hunter and North American Rockwell VP for Space Shuttle development George Merrick. Policy recommendations from the Council included ballistic missile defense concepts", "id": "5599733" }, { "contents": "Wernher von Braun\n\n\nUnited States, along with about 1,600 other German scientists, engineers, and technicians, as part of Operation Paperclip. He worked for the United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) program, and he developed the rockets that launched the United States' first space satellite Explorer 1. His group was assimilated into NASA, where he served as director of the newly formed Marshall Space Flight Center and as the chief architect of the Saturn V super heavy-lift launch vehicle that propelled the Apollo spacecraft to the", "id": "15033628" }, { "contents": "Jarvis (rocket)\n\n\nJarvis was a proposed American medium-lift launch vehicle for space launch, designed by Hughes Aircraft and Boeing during the mid-1980s as part of the joint United States Air Force (USAF)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Launch System (ALS) study. Intended to utilize engines and tooling in storage from the Saturn V rocket program along with Space Shuttle components, and projected to be capable of carrying up to six satellites into multiple orbits using a single launch (e.g. GPS constellation), the proposal failed to meet the ALS", "id": "15822979" }, { "contents": "Robert F. Overmyer\n\n\nMarch 1988, he joined the Space Station Team at McDonnell Douglas Aerospace, where he led crew and operations activities for seven years. He retired from McDonnell Douglas in April 1995 and expanded the scope of Mach Twenty Five International, continuing his aerospace consultation work as well as speaking engagements and writing. Overmyer continued his career as a general aviation test pilot. Having former experience with aeronautical testing at both U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School and NASA, he joined Minnesota-based aircraft manufacturer Cirrus Design (now called Cirrus Aircraft) as", "id": "19963429" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n, nuclear-powered vehicles, and even jet-engine-powered vehicles that can fly into orbit and return landing like an airliner, completely intact. For rocket-powered SSTO, the main challenge is achieving a high enough mass-ratio to carry sufficient propellant to achieve orbit, plus a meaningful payload weight. One possibility is to give the rocket an initial speed with a space gun, as planned in the Quicklaunch project. For air-breathing SSTO, the main challenge is system complexity and associated research and development costs", "id": "10328892" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfuel for increasing efficiency once in space. Further examples of Bono's early concepts (prior to the 1990s) which were never constructed include: Around 1985 the NASP project was intended to launch a scramjet vehicle into orbit, but funding was stopped and the project cancelled. At around the same time, the HOTOL tried to use precooled jet engine technology, but failed to show significant advantages over rocket technology. The DC-X, short for Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed one-third scale vertical takeoff and landing demonstrator", "id": "10328889" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nShuttle design. The detailed study of the cost advantages of the drop tank design demonstrated a dramatic reduction in development risk, and as a result, development costs. When funding for STS development was cut, the drop tank was taken up as a way to meet the developmental budgets, leading to the semi-reusable Space Shuttle design. Maxwell Hunter was working at Douglas Aircraft where he formalized the calculation of aircraft operation economics. His methodologies were first published in 1940, and were later applied to the Douglas DC-6 and DC-7.", "id": "7750829" }, { "contents": "Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle\n\n\nThe Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle, designed for NASA's Project Mercury, was the first American crewed space booster. It was used for six sub-orbital Mercury flights from 1960–61; culminating with the launch of the first, and 11 weeks later, the second American (and the second and third humans) in space. The four subsequent Mercury human spaceflights used the more powerful Atlas booster to enter low Earth orbit. A member of the Redstone rocket family, it was derived from the U.S. Army's Redstone ballistic missile and", "id": "11828011" }, { "contents": "British Aerospace HOTOL\n\n\nspace launch system. In 1982, British Aerospace (BAe), which was Europe's principal satellite-builder, began studying a prospective new launch system with the aim of providing launch costs that were 20 per cent of the American Space Shuttle operated by NASA. BAe became aware of work by British engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce on a suitable engine, and soon conceived of an unmanned, fully reuseable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) winged spaceplane as a launch vehicle. Thus, the project had soon became", "id": "14493503" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\nrole in the civilian NASA Project Mercury, Project Gemini and Project Apollo manned space programs along with military Space Shuttle flights. The mission of the unit today is performed by the 45th Space Wing (no direct lineage). Activated in December 1950, replacing 550th Guided Missiles Wing. the 6555th had a distinguished career launching and/or managing ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and payloads for the Ballistic Systems Division, the Space Systems Division and the Space & Missile Systems Organization. As a Wing or a Group, the 6555th earned ten Air", "id": "19923442" }, { "contents": "William H. Dana\n\n\ncontributions to the lifting body program, Dana received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal. In 1976 he received the Haley Space Flight Award from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) for his research work on the M2-F3 lifting body control systems. A member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Dana is the author of several technical papers. In 1993, he was inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Honor. During the X-15 program, eight pilots flew above 264,000 feet or 50 miles, thereby qualifying as astronauts according to", "id": "8766846" }, { "contents": "USAF Hunter-Killer\n\n\nHunter-Killer is an unofficial project name based upon an \"Aviation Week & Space Technology\" article. The U.S. Air Force's Hunter-Killer program was a tactical unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV) procurement program. The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, a variant of the MQ-1 Predator won the project and was deployed in Afghanistan. This is the U.S. Air Force program for which several companies have developed vehicles. Although the J-UCAS concept is a long way from the early idea of a \"reusable cruise missile\",", "id": "18825446" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nlong as launchers were thrown away, access to space would never be affordable. Several companies had already completed early feasibility studies of fully reusable spacecraft, like the Martin Marietta Astrorocket and Douglas Astro. The designs used two flyback stages, one of which flew back to the launch point, while the other flew into orbit and landed after its mission. Hunter thought that any such design was tantamount to making two aircraft to do the job of one, and it was only the upper stage that was of any real use. By", "id": "7750831" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\ndirector of the CIA under Director William Colby and from 1974–1976 he was the director of the DIA. Ronald Reagan called upon General Graham to be his military advisor for his 1976 and 1980 campaigns. General Graham is a member of the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame. In later years, Graham devoted a lot of time to the research and development of Single-Stage To Orbit (SSTO) spacecraft in conjunction with NASA. McDonnell Douglas was awarded a contract to build an SSTO test vehicle on August 16, 1991, and named", "id": "5770548" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nBased on its experience working with Minuteman assets, Space Vector was tasked by Lockheed in 1980 to help develop the Homing Overlay Experiment (HOE) booster for the U.S. Army which would go on to become the first successful hit-to-kill intercept of a mock ballistic missile warhead outside the Earth’s atmosphere. This technology was later used by the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and expanded into the Exoatmospheric Reentry-vehicle Interception System (ERIS) program. In 1982 Space Vector was tapped by Space Services Inc. of America (", "id": "7487030" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nPhilip Bono (13 January 1921 – 23 May 1993) was a Douglas Aircraft Company engineer. He was a pioneer of reusable vertical landing single-stage to orbit launch vehicles. As a visionary designer, he is credited with inventing the first version of a recoverable single-stage spacecraft booster, and his contributions influenced spacecraft design. Bono pursued single-stage space launch as simpler and cheaper. He realized to do this he would need to use high specific impulse liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engines. Afterwards he proposed to", "id": "3522770" }, { "contents": "Vance D. Coffman\n\n\nin Aerospace Engineering of Iowa State University (ISU). Coffman had three brothers, all of which studied at ISU within the engineering and science departments. Coffman has Master's and Doctorate graduate in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University. In 1967, Coffman joined Lockheed Martin Corporation's Space Systems Division, working on the development of space programs and data processing systems for the corporation. By 1988 he was president of the Space Systems Division. He directed the Hubble Space Telescope project for Lockheed. By 1998 he was the chairman and", "id": "11284872" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n\" commercial parts and currently-available technology, but Lockheed Martin was not interested enough to fund such a program themselves. On February 15, 1989, Pournelle, Graham and Hunter were able to procure a meeting with Vice-President Dan Quayle. They \"sold\" the idea to SDIO by noting that any space-based weapons system would need to be serviced by a spacecraft that was far more reliable than the Space Shuttle, and offer lower launch costs and have much better turnaround times. Given the uncertainties of the design", "id": "15420674" }, { "contents": "Abdul Majid (physicist)\n\n\nand joined Pakistan's Space Program as a researcher in astrophysics and aeronautical labs. Majid worked under the supervision of noted Pakistani-Polish military scientist and aeronautical engineer, Air Commodore W. J. M. Turowicz, in the field of Rocket Technology and published numerous research papers. He is credited for the design and developed the Hypersonic Rocket Launch Vehicle or Hatf Missiles Series during his stay at SUPARCO. In 1983, Dr Majid was put in-charge of Satellite Development Program of Pakistan. He is widely credited for the indigenous development and launching", "id": "14780917" }, { "contents": "Martin Knutson\n\n\n's aging fleet of F-104 support aircraft with F/A-18 Hornets. He also provided leadership for numerous flight research projects including the X-29 forward-swept-wing technology demonstrator; the Controlled Impact Demonstration, the F-15 Digital Electronic Engine Control project that integrated propulsion and flight controls, the Pegasus air-launched rocket for placing small payloads into low-Earth orbit; the CV-990 Landing Systems Research aircraft that tested improved braking systems for the space shuttle; and the F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle. After the Air Force announced the impending retirement", "id": "2519508" }, { "contents": "Pioneer Rocketplane\n\n\nMissile Range Officers’ Club on May 12, 1993. The original concept was developed by then Air Force Captain Mitchell Burnside Clapp, who envisioned an aerial refueled, rocket-powered single-stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicle using jet fuel and hydrogen peroxide. This concept seemed a natural match for the Air Force's TransAtmospheric Vehicle (TAV) mission and studies began at the USAF Phillips Laboratory. Aerospace engineering legend Burt Rutan and noted aircraft designer Dan Raymer contributed input to the development of the design. During the winter of", "id": "17524030" }, { "contents": "Thor (rocket family)\n\n\nThor was a US space launch vehicle derived from the PGM-17 Thor intermediate-range ballistic missile. The Thor rocket was the first member of the Delta rocket family of space launch vehicles. The last launch of a direct derivative of the Thor missile occurred in 2018 as the first stage of the final Delta II. Thor was first used as a launch vehicle during the testing program of the warhead reentry vehicle for the Atlas missile. For these three tests a Thor core stage was topped by the Able second stage. Able used the", "id": "21158637" }, { "contents": "Boeing X-37\n\n\nThe Boeing X-37, also known as the Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), is a reusable robotic spacecraft. It is boosted into space by a launch vehicle, then re-enters Earth's atmosphere and lands as a spaceplane. The X-37 is operated by the United States Air Force for orbital spaceflight missions intended to demonstrate reusable space technologies. It is a 120%-scaled derivative of the earlier Boeing X-40. The X-37 began as a NASA project in 1999, before being transferred to the U.S. Department of Defense in 2004. Its first", "id": "12510871" }, { "contents": "LGM-25C Titan II\n\n\nThe Titan II was an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and space launcher developed by the Glenn L. Martin Company from the earlier Titan I missile. Titan II was originally designed and used as an ICBM, but was later adapted as a medium-lift space launch vehicle to carry payloads to Earth orbit for the United States Air Force (USAF), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Those payloads included the USAF Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), NOAA weather", "id": "10861471" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\non the X-33 experience shared with NASA, Lockheed Martin hoped to make the business case for a full-scale SSTO RLV, called VentureStar, that would be developed and operated through commercial means. The intention was that rather than operate space transport systems as it has with the Space Shuttle, NASA would instead look to private industry to operate the reusable launch vehicle and NASA would purchase launch services from the commercial launch provider. Thus, the X-33 was not only about honing space flight technologies, but also about successfully demonstrating the technology", "id": "9997276" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nmake these vehicles reusable. From his ROOST design onwards Bono advocated space launch vehicles without wings, usually using rocket assisted vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL). According to his estimates, wings consisted mostly of dead weight that decreased launch payload mass. He patented a reusable plug nozzle rocket engine which had dual use as a heat shield for atmospheric reentry. His early 1960s concepts influenced later designs like the 1990s Delta Clipper, also from Douglas. Philip Bono was born in Brooklyn, New York on 13 January 1921. He graduated", "id": "3522771" }, { "contents": "Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment\n\n\nof new space services and other activities that would improve U.S. economic competitiveness. The program implemented the National Space Transportation Policy, which is designed to accelerate the development of new launch technologies and concepts to contribute to the continuing commercialization of the national space launch industry. Both the X-33 and the smaller X-34 technology testbed demonstrator were under the Space Transportation Program Offices at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. The air-launched, winged X-34 also was to demonstrate technologies applicable to future-generation reusable launch vehicles designed to dramatically", "id": "20761669" }, { "contents": "Adolf Thiel\n\n\nfor the Thor ballistic missile, which became a first-stage launch for the Explorer spacecraft. He was director of space projects for TRW when it developed Explorer VI and Pioneer V, two of the earliest US craft to explore interplanetary space. He oversaw all of TRW's space programs during the 1970s. After his retirement in 1980 as a senior vice president, Thiel served as an executive consultant to TRW and on NASA planning groups. He was named a fellow of the American Astronautical Society in 1968. He married Frances Thiel", "id": "11277096" }, { "contents": "BAC Mustard\n\n\nin other space programmes, such as the American Space Shuttle. Mustard was a modular re-usable space launch system, comprising multiple copies of a single vehicle design, each of which was configured for a different role as a booster stage or an orbital spaceplane. The core vehicle design resembled the basic layout of the Douglas Astro, both being delta-winged reusable vehicles, as would the later American Space Shuttle. Furthermore, all three functioned as vertically-launched rockets and used integral wings so that they could land horizontally,", "id": "11296482" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nSSIA) to fabricate and launch the Conestoga I off Matagorda Island, Texas which became the first privately funded rocket to reach space. In 1992 Space Vector teamed with Coleman Research Corporation (now a division of L-3 Communications) and Aerotherm to provide the Army Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC) with 25 Hera target vehicles to support testing of THAAD and Patriot PAC-3 anti-ballistic missile systems. Space Vector went on to earn the distinction in 1997 as the first company to air launch a minuteman based target vehicle. The single", "id": "7487031" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n-range ballistic missile and the large Saturn I booster rocket. Following the Russian Sputnik launch, in July 1960 he moved with other von Braun rocket scientists from the Army Ballistic Missile Agency to the newly founded NASA. There, as part of the Apollo moon-landing program, he made major contributions working on the Saturn V booster rocket, on aerothermodynamics, and on liquid hydrogen propellant systems. He subsequently was involved in numerous projects contributing to the nation's manned and unmanned space flight programs, especially Skylab and the Space Shuttle", "id": "21371186" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nthe NLS-1 core stage. The NLS program did not venture beyond the planning stages and did not survive the Presidency of Bill Clinton, which started in January 1993. In 1992, Daniel Goldin was selected to replace Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly as NASA administrator. Goldin championed the motto, \"faster, better, cheaper,\" which may not have fit the ambitious NLS vision. A NASA history from 1998 says that reusable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) rockets and space planes such as the McDonnell Douglas DC", "id": "11086743" }, { "contents": "Gary Hudson (engineer)\n\n\nGary Hudson has been involved in private spaceflight development for over 40 years. Hudson is best known as the founder of Rotary Rocket Company, which in spending ~$30 Million attempted to build a unique single stage to orbit launch vehicle known as the Roton. Rotary Rocket built a landing test simulator (the Roton ATV) which flew three successful test flights in 1999. He also helped found Transformational Space T/Space in 2004. He also helped found AirLaunch LLC which was awarded the DARPA/USAF FALCON project in 2003. Previous projects", "id": "10746924" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nof Space Shuttle Columbia touched down on Rogers Dry Lakebed, with Astronauts John Young and Robert Crippin successfully landing the first orbiting space vehicle ever to leave the Earth under rocket power and return to Earth aerodynamically for re-use. The \"Flying Wing\" returned to Edwards in the late 1980s when the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber began testing, and at a remote site, the F-117A Nighthawk stealth fighter. Air-Launched Cruise Missile, and LANTIRN systems were also tested during the 1980s. The 1990s saw the arrival of the Lockheed", "id": "14946576" }, { "contents": "Jerry Pournelle\n\n\nof making recommendation to the US Air Force on investment in technologies required to build the missile force to be deployed in 1975. After Project 75 was completed Pournelle became manager of several advanced concept studies. At North American Rockwell’s Space Division, Pournelle was associate director of operations research, where he took part in the Apollo program and general operations. He was founding President of the Pepperdine Research Institute. In 1989, Pournelle, Max Hunter, and retired Army Lieutenant General Daniel O. Graham made a presentation to then Vice President Dan", "id": "16491387" }, { "contents": "United States Air Force Plant 42\n\n\nby McDonnell Douglas, St. Louis, Missouri, and transported by aircraft to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. They were also transported by aircraft from Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility to the Kennedy Space Center. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration had been paying the Air Force for use of Plant 42 facilities for the shuttle work. NASA decided in February 2002 to shift space shuttle overhaul and modification work from Palmdale to Florida. Current projects include design, engineering, pre-production, production, modification, flight testing, servicing and repair", "id": "9173070" }, { "contents": "William C. Schwartz\n\n\nspace vehicles and orbital calculations. He was a member of the founding group within NAA involved with the development of space vehicles and which developed the Apollo program. In the early 1960s, he moved to The Martin Company (later Martin Marietta and now Lockheed Martin), where he managed three departments, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Human Factors for the missile developer. It was during this period that he became involved in laser research and development. Shortly after the invention of the laser in 1960, Martin recognized its potential in", "id": "13650865" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthat could lead to an SSTO vehicle. The one-third-size test craft was operated and maintained by a small team of three people based out of a trailer, and the craft was once relaunched less than 24 hours after landing. Although the test program was not without mishap (including a minor explosion), the DC-X demonstrated that the maintenance aspects of the concept were sound. That project was cancelled when it landed with three of four legs deployed, tipped over, and exploded on the fourth flight after", "id": "10328911" }, { "contents": "Marti Sarigul-Klijn\n\n\nDr. Marti Sarigul-Klijn is an expert at rapidly designing, fabricating, and test flying proof-of-concept prototypes. He holds a Ph.D. in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and is a graduate of the United States Naval Test Pilot School and the United States Naval Academy. After completing twenty years in the Navy with the final rank of Commander, he has since worked on over 20 design proposals that include aircraft, UAV's, rocket propulsion, and space launch vehicles. Seven of these proposals continued to", "id": "11065599" }, { "contents": "Jerauld R. Gentry\n\n\nJerauld Richard \"Jerry\" Gentry (May 16, 1935 – March 3, 2003) was a United States Air Force (USAF) test pilot and Vietnam combat veteran. As chief USAF pilot of the Lifting Body Research Program, he helped validate the concept of flying a wingless vehicle back to Earth from space and landing it like an aircraft—an approach used by the Space Shuttle and to a greater degree by vehicles such as the Lockheed Martin X-33 and NASA X-38. Gentry completed thirty lifting body flights including the first flight", "id": "21488944" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nlifting body shape, composite multi-lobed liquid fuel tanks, and the aerospike engine, NASA and Lockheed Martin hoped to test fly a craft that would demonstrate the viability of a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) design. A spacecraft capable of reaching orbit in a single stage would not require external fuel tanks or boosters to reach low Earth orbit. Doing away with the need for \"staging\" with launch vehicles, such as with the Shuttle and the Apollo rockets, would lead to an inherently more reliable", "id": "9997271" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfor a proposed SSTO. It is one of only a few prototype SSTO vehicles ever built. Several other prototypes were intended, including the DC-X2 (a half-scale prototype) and the DC-Y, a full-scale vehicle which would be capable of single stage insertion into orbit. Neither of these were built, but the project was taken over by NASA in 1995, and they built the DC-XA, an upgraded one-third scale prototype. This vehicle was lost when it landed with only", "id": "10328890" }, { "contents": "Landing gear\n\n\ne.g., the Space Shuttle, or the USAF X-37), landing gear have been largely absent from orbital vehicles during the early decades since the advent of spaceflight technology, when orbital space transport has been the exclusive preserve of national-monopoly governmental space programs. Each spaceflight system to date has relied on expendable boosters to begin each ascent to orbital velocity. Recent advances in private space transport, where new competition to governmental space initiatives has emerged, have included the explicit design of landing gear into orbital booster rockets. SpaceX has initiated", "id": "10876701" }, { "contents": "Eric Boe\n\n\ninvolves work with displays and controls for future space vehicles. He made his first trip to space as pilot of during STS-126 on November 14, 2008. Boe flew his second space flight as pilot on STS-133, the final scheduled flight of the Space Shuttle \"Discovery\" and the third-to-last flight of the Space Shuttle program. In August 2012, Boe was named Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office. In July 2015, NASA announced Boe as one of the first astronauts for U.S. Commercial spaceflights. Subsequently, he", "id": "14264618" }, { "contents": "Melvin B. Zisfein\n\n\nMelvin B. Zisfein (1926-1995) was an aircraft designer and a Deputy Director of the U.S. National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC. Zisfein graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with degrees in aeronautical engineering (B.S. 1948; M.S. 1948) and worked as a designer, aerodynamicist, and manager for aircraft companies from then until 1966. He was associate director of the Franklin Institute Research Laboratories from 1966 to 1971. From 1971 to 1982 he served as the deputy director of the National Air and Space Museum,", "id": "1801139" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nselected from the Air Force's test pilot cadre. Additionally, the AFTC assisted with the testing of rocket engines and re-entry vehicles. Along with the X-15, pilots at Edwards were expanding the frontiers of atmospheric flight, testing the XB-70 Valkyrie high-altitude bomber, along with the YF-12 interceptor for Air Defense Command and the SR-71 Blackbird Strategic Reconnaissance aircraft for Strategic Air Command. With the decline of the military manned space mission after the NASA Lunar Landing Program ended, the Aerospace Research Pilot School was once again re-", "id": "14946574" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nDC-X were hired by Blue Origin, and their New Shepard vehicle was inspired by the DC-X design. Blue Origin does not require the high cross range capabilities, and therefore uses a base-first re-entry profile. Also, the DC-X provided inspiration for many elements of Armadillo Aerospace's, Masten Space Systems's, and TGV Rockets's spacecraft designs. Some NASA engineers believe that the DC-X could provide a solution for a crewed Mars lander. Had a DC-type craft been", "id": "15420693" }, { "contents": "Rockwell X-30\n\n\nThe Rockwell X-30 was an advanced technology demonstrator project for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP), part of a United States project to create a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spacecraft and passenger spaceliner. It was cancelled in the early 1990s before a prototype was completed, although much development work in advanced materials and aerospace design was completed. While a goal of a future NASP was a passenger liner capable of two-hour flights from Washington to Tokyo, the X-30 was planned for a crew of", "id": "16588465" }, { "contents": "SpaceDev\n\n\nSpaceDev, a part of the \"Space Systems Business\" of Sierra Nevada Corporation, is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work. It designed and built components for the hybrid rocket motors for Paul Allen's Tier One suborbital SpaceShipOne space program operated by Scaled Composites. It is also developing micro- and nano-satellites, a small expendable launch vehicle, the SpaceDev Streaker, and has designed a piloted suborbital and orbital spaceship of its own, the SpaceDev Dream Chaser, in collaboration with NASA. SpaceDev is based near San Diego in", "id": "16321029" }, { "contents": "Glenn L. Martin Company\n\n\nby the American space program as one of its first satellite booster rockets as part of Project Vanguard. The Vanguard was the first American space exploration rocket designed from scratch to be an orbital launch vehicle — rather than being a modified sounding rocket (like the Juno I) or a ballistic missile (like the U.S. Army's Redstone missile). Martin also designed and manufactured the huge and heavily armed Titan I and LGM-25C Titan II Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). Martin Company of Orlando, Florida, was the prime contractor for", "id": "10667744" }, { "contents": "Shuttlecraft (Star Trek)\n\n\nplanetary surface and space. Wernher Von Braun in the 1950s conceived of a reusable winged spacecraft as a ferry rocket. Plans for such vehicles were referred to as \"DC-3\" by spacecraft designer Maxime Faget and Integrated Launch and Reentry Vehicle (ILRV) by NASA. During the late 1960s, while \"\" was being broadcast, these concepts became known as Space Shuttle. In a speech given to the British Interplanetary Society in August 1968 George Mueller, head of the NASA Office of Manned Space Flight, mentioned the need for a", "id": "13203374" }, { "contents": "The Aerospace Corporation\n\n\n. Gen. Bernard A. Schriever announced the \"formation of a new nonprofit organization, The Aerospace Corporation, to serve the Air Force in the scientific and technical planning and management of missile-space programs.\" Among the earliest projects it supported were the Dyna-Soar orbital spaceplane, Project Mercury, and the man-rating of the Atlas (rocket) intercontinental ballistic missile. The Aerospace Corporation provided general systems engineering and technical direction for the Titan II missile, first tested in 1962, which became the launch vehicle for Project Gemini", "id": "15141218" }, { "contents": "Timothy Creamer\n\n\nPrior to his astronaut selection in 1998, he had been working as a space operations officer, with the Army Space Command, stationed in Houston, Texas. He is now the Army’s NASA Detachment commander. Creamer was assigned to NASA at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in July 1995 as a Space Shuttle vehicle integration test engineer. His duties primarily involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle. He was actively involved in the integrated tests of the systems for each Orbiter for its preparations for its", "id": "7264360" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nof the rocket, the Clipper Graham soared into the skies over the old White Sands Missile Range to a height of 3,120 meters (10,300 ft) and stayed in the air for over two minutes before landing. That flight was the highest and longest the vehicle had ever flown until then. Robert A. Heinlein dedicated his 1985 novel The Cat Who Walks Through Walls to Graham and eight of the other members of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy. Graham was chairman of the American Space Frontier Committee, the Coalition for", "id": "5770554" }, { "contents": "SpaceX\n\n\nhas one of the largest concentrations of aerospace headquarters, facilities, and/or subsidiaries in the U.S., including Boeing/McDonnell Douglas main satellite building campuses, Aerospace Corp., Raytheon, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Air Force Space Command's Space and Missile Systems Center at Los Angeles Air Force Base, Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems, Northrop Grumman, and AECOM, etc., with a large pool of aerospace engineers and recent college engineering graduates. SpaceX utilizes a high degree of vertical integration in the production of its rockets and rocket", "id": "10001424" }, { "contents": "William H. Gerstenmaier\n\n\n1980, Gerstenmaier moved to Houston, Texas, to work at the Johnson Space Center, researching propulsion related to the Space Shuttle, and was involved in the earliest phases of the International Space Station design. In 1984, he was a semi-finalist in the selection for NASA Astronaut Group 10. In 1988, he first served as manager of Space Shuttle Program Integration, and then went on to serve as head of the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle Operations Office. Following that, he became Director of Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom", "id": "13055214" }, { "contents": "Bruno Augenstein\n\n\nBruno Wilhelm Augenstein (March 16, 1923 – July 6, 2005) was a German-born mathematician and physicist who made important contributions in space technology, ballistic missile research, satellites, antimatter, and many other areas. Augenstein worked in the Aerophysics Laboratory at North American Aviation on diverse projects including weaponization of the V-2 rocket, a ramjet-powered vehicle that later became the Navajo missile. He entered RAND Corporation as a consultant and subcontractor in 1949. Initially at RAND he developed an interest in long range missiles. Augenstein", "id": "1664472" }, { "contents": "Robert R. Gilruth\n\n\nRobert Rowe Gilruth (October 8, 1913 – August 17, 2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. He worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics from 1937 to 1958 and its successor NASA, until his retirement in 1973. He was involved with early research into supersonic flight and rocket-powered aircraft, and then with the United States manned space program, including the Mercury, Gemini", "id": "19875506" } ]

[ { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nMaxwell White Hunter II (March 11, 1922 – November 10, 2001) was a prominent American aerospace engineer. He worked on the design of the Douglas B-42 and Douglas B-43 bombers, the Honest John, Nike-Ajax, and Nike-Zeus missiles, the Thor IRBM, and on parts of the Strategic Defense Initiative. In later years he worked on space-launch vehicles and was a proponent of Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) designs. He was honored in 1995 by the National Space Society", "id": "13829898" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvariety of projects including parts of the mammoth Strategic Defense Initiative. SDI gave him a chance at realizing a dream he had nurtured since the 1960s: the construction of a Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle. In 1984, Hunter proposed a vehicle he called the X-rocket, based on those earlier SSTO designs. The design was reviewed by LMSC's Astronautics Division (AD), which judged it worth pursuing, and by its Missile Systems Division (MSD), which did not. LMSC then", "id": "13829902" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\npayloads into Earth orbit today. After working for Douglas Aircraft from 1944 to 1961, Hunter joined the staff of the National Aeronautics and Space Council, a group that advised the U.S. president on space policy. Following several years in that position, he went back to the aerospace industry in 1965, spending over two decades with Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (LMSC). (LMSC was a division of Lockheed Corporation, which merged with Martin Marietta in 1995 to become Lockheed-Martin.) At LMSC, Hunter worked on a", "id": "13829901" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nspace systems. In this position he oversaw the production of military missiles including the Honest John artillery rocket, the Nike antiaircraft missile, and the Sparrow air-to-air missile. Douglas Aircraft began work on the Thor, an early Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM), in late 1955 and put Hunter in charge of that program. He assembled a small team of crack designers and brought the development to success in a short time. Thor became the basis of the McDonnell Douglas Delta rocket, whose descendants are still boosting", "id": "13829900" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nand High Frontier convinced SDI management and other national officials that a study should be initiated to determine once and for all the feasibility of SSTO vehicles for military missions. This led to a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) program to design a single-stage vehicle that could replace military satellites on short notice during a national emergency. This vehicle was known as the Delta Clipper. McDonnell Douglas Corporation was contracted to build and test fly a one-third-scale, suborbital testbed called the DC-X, or Delta Clipper", "id": "13829904" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvehicle tipped over at landing. Funding to make repairs and continue flight tests was not made available. Max Hunter continued to advise on space policy issues and advocate the building of SSTO vehicles for airline-like access to space, a goal he was sure could be attained. He chaired the Rules Committee for the Ansari X Prize, announced in 1996, a $10 million prize for the first reusable craft to reach space twice within two weeks without substantial refit. In October 2000, he agreed to serve as Chairman of the", "id": "13829906" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nExperimental. While not capable of spaceflight, the DC-X incorporated many of the technologies needed for an SSTO vehicle, including highly automated systems enabling a quick turnaround (just twenty-six hours) between launches. It made eight successful test flights between August 18, 1993, and July 7, 1995, and then was taken over by NASA and flown four times as the DC-XA between May 18 and July 31, 1996. It was damaged on its last flight when one landing strut failed to deploy and the", "id": "13829905" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nfor lifelong contributions to the technology of spaceflight. Maxwell Hunter was born in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania and graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in that state with a degree in physics and mathematics. In 1944, he earned a Master's Degree in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). After earning his MS from MIT, Hunter went to work for the Douglas Aircraft Company. He became their chief designer in aeronautics, working on modifications of the B-42 and B-43 bombers. Later he was promoted to chief engineer for", "id": "13829899" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\ndeclined to support further work on the X-rocket, and Hunter retired. As an independent consultant, he renamed the concept SSX (for Space Ship Experimental), and began to refine it. In December 1988 the ad hoc Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy was briefed on the concept by Hunter and others. The general concept was endorsed by the Council and by High Frontier, Inc., a Washington-based group headed by Lt. Gen. Daniel O. Graham that lobbied for SDI programs. Working together, Hunter", "id": "13829903" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nAdvisory Board for the Undersea Hotel Project of the Cala Corporation. He died at Stanford Hospital, Stanford, California on the evening of November 10, 2001 after a lingering illness. Max Hunter was Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Beta Pi, and a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), the American Astronautical Society (AAS), and the British Interplanetary Society (BIS). He was also a member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) and an honorary member of the Japanese Rocket Society", "id": "13829907" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nThe DC-X, short for Delta Clipper or Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed prototype of a reusable single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle built by McDonnell Douglas in conjunction with the United States Department of Defense's Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) from 1991 to 1993. Starting 1994 until 1995, testing continued through funding of the US civil space agency NASA. In 1996, the DC-X technology was completely transferred to NASA, which upgraded the design for improved performance to create the DC-XA", "id": "15420672" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nvehicles was prepared by Chrysler Corporation's Space Division in 1970–1971 under NASA contract NAS8-26341. Their proposal (Shuttle SERV) was an enormous vehicle with more than of payload, utilizing jet engines for (vertical) landing. While the technical problems seemed to be solvable, the USAF required a winged design that led to the Shuttle as we know it today. The uncrewed DC-X technology demonstrator, originally developed by McDonnell Douglas for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program office, was an attempt to build a vehicle", "id": "10328910" }, { "contents": "David Urie\n\n\nsystem before initiating and heading the Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) and X-33 Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Programs at Lockheed. Urie's work as the program manager for the previously classified Have Region project demonstrated that rocket-powered single-stage-to-orbit vehicles were technically feasible, which led to the Lockheed Martin SSTO design approach. As a Director of the Lockheed-Martin Skunk Works SSTO/RLV Advanced Technology Demonstration Program, Urie conceived and developed the aerospike rocket propelled lifting body that was selected by NASA as", "id": "20876395" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nearly stages of flight; and flight within Earth's atmosphere, which limits speed in the early stages of flight and influences engine performance. Additionally, the retirement of NASA's Shuttle launch vehicle has resulted in a substantial reduction in the cost to launch a kilogram of payload to either low Earth orbit or the International Space Station, removing the main projected advantage of the SSTO concept. Notable single stage to orbit concepts include Skylon, the DC-X, the Lockheed Martin X-33, and the Roton SSTO. However, despite showing", "id": "10328885" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nThe Lockheed Martin X-33 was an uncrewed, sub-scale technology demonstrator suborbital spaceplane developed in the 1990s under the U.S. government-funded Space Launch Initiative program. The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for the VentureStar orbital spaceplane, which was planned to be a next-generation, commercially operated reusable launch vehicle. The X-33 would flight-test a range of technologies that NASA believed it needed for single-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicles (SSTO RLVs), such as metallic thermal protection systems, composite cryogenic fuel tanks", "id": "9997267" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n. During the 1960s some of the first concept designs for this kind of craft began to emerge. One of the earliest SSTO concepts was the expendable One stage Orbital Space Truck (OOST) proposed by Philip Bono, an engineer for Douglas Aircraft Company. A reusable version named ROOST was also proposed. Another early SSTO concept was a reusable launch vehicle named NEXUS which was proposed by Krafft Arnold Ehricke in the early 1960s. It was one of the largest spacecraft ever conceptualized with a diameter of over 50 metres and the capability to", "id": "10328887" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n. According to writer Jerry Pournelle: \"DC-X was conceived in my living room and sold to National Space Council Chairman Dan Quayle by General Graham, Max Hunter and me.\" According to Max Hunter, however, he had tried hard to convince Lockheed Martin of the concept's value for several years before he retired. Hunter had written a paper in 1985 entitled \"The Opportunity\", detailing the concept of a Single-Stage-To-Orbit spacecraft built with low-cost \"off-the-shelf", "id": "15420673" }, { "contents": "Rob Meyerson\n\n\nInitiative contract with NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. Meyerson launched his career as an aerospace engineer at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) from 1985 to 1997 working on human spaceflight systems, including the aerodynamic design of the Space Shuttle orbiter drag parachute, as well as the overall design, integration, and flight test of a gliding parachute for the X-38 Crew Rescue Vehicle, a crew return vehicle designed to return astronauts to earth from the International Space Station. Meyerson began with NASA in 1985 as a cooperative education student at JSC", "id": "8603673" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nfor the X-33 was selected over competing concepts from Boeing and McDonnell Douglas. Boeing proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design, and McDonnell Douglas proposed a design based on its vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL) DC-XA test vehicle. The uncrewed X-33 was slated to fly 15 suborbital hops to near 75.8 km altitude. It was to be launched upright like a rocket and rather than having a straight flight path it would fly diagonally up for half the flight, reaching extremely high altitudes, and then for the rest of the", "id": "9997274" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nThe methodologies were later adopted as a standard by the Air Transport Association. He later joined the Thor missile project as the chief design engineer, and this introduced him to the world of space launchers. With new upper stages, Thor became the Delta, one of the most-used launchers in the 1960s. In spite of Thor's success, Hunter was dissatisfied with the state of the launcher market and later wrote that \"by the end of 1963 the state of recoverable rockets was terrible.\" He was convinced that as", "id": "7750830" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nit the DC-X for Delta Clipper Experimental. The name honored the firm's successful Thor/Delta rocket and recalled the famous 19th-century commercial clipper ships. The McDonnell Douglas SSTO team saw the Delta Clipper as opening the \"space trade routes in the same way that the Yankee Clipper ships opened the sea trade routes.\" The needs of the commercial launch industry thus were integral to the thinking of the McDonnell Douglas DC-X team. General Graham envisioned the DC-X as the perfect inexpensive launch and delivery", "id": "5770549" }, { "contents": "George Huebner\n\n\nproduce intercontinental ballistic missiles. Huebner was named executive engineer in charge of Chrysler's Missile Branch. At the time he was serving as executive engineer of research for Chrysler in their automotive division. He developed a complete research and development missile facility that included engineering, testing, and production of the Redstone rocket. These rockets ultimately launched into orbit the first U.S. satellites and the first manned space flights. Huebner worked closely with Wernher von Braun on the space program. For two years he worked on this rocket project and then went back", "id": "15004097" }, { "contents": "Reusable launch system\n\n\nthe McDonnell Douglas Delta Clipper VTOL SSTO proposal progressed to the testing phase. The DC-X prototype demonstrated rapid turnaround time and automatic computer control. In mid-1990, British research evolved an earlier HOTOL design into the far more promising Skylon design, which remains in development. From the commercial side, Rocketplane Kistler and Rotary Rocket attempted to build reusable privately developed rockets before going bankrupt. NASA proposed risky reusable concepts to replace the Shuttle technology, to be demonstrated under the X-33 and X-34 programs, which were both cancelled in the early", "id": "19421229" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\na number of SSTO advocates to reconsider hydrogen as a satisfactory fuel. The late Max Hunter, while employing hydrogen fuel in the DC-X, often said that he thought the first successful orbital SSTO would more likely be fueled by propane. Some SSTO concepts use the same engine for all altitudes, which is a problem for traditional engines with a bell-shaped nozzle. Depending on the atmospheric pressure, different bell shapes are optimal. Engines operating in the lower atmosphere have shorter bells than those designed to work in vacuum.", "id": "10328899" }, { "contents": "George Mueller (NASA)\n\n\ndesigns ranged from 'simple' concepts like Martin Marietta's six person reusable craft similar to the Dyna-Soar (launched by a Titan III-M), to partially reusable concepts like Lockheed's Star Clipper or Tip Tank from McDonnell Douglas, to fully reusable two-stage vehicles like the one proposed by General Dynamics. Following this symposium Mueller continued to champion a \"space shuttle\". He did not invent the term, but he made it his own. He was also a keen proponent of space stations and was", "id": "16249187" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nIn October 2000, Beal Aerospace ceased operations citing a decision by NASA and the Department of Defense to commit themselves to the development of the competing government-financed EELV program. In 1998 Rotary Rocket proposed the Roton, a Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) piloted Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) space transport. A full scale Roton Atmospheric Test Vehicle flew three times in 1999. After spending tens of millions of dollars in development the Roton failed to secure launch contracts and Rotary Rocket ceased operations in 2001. On", "id": "288621" }, { "contents": "List of human spaceflight programs\n\n\ncommissioned by the Russian Aerospace Agency since 1993. The Kankoh-maru (観光丸? Kankōmaru) is the name of a proposed vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL), single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), reusable launch system (rocket-powered spacecraft). The Ansari X Prize was a space competition in which the X Prize Foundation offered a US$10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable crewed spacecraft into space twice within two weeks. Twenty-six teams from around the world", "id": "19978394" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nby 2016, and some space ventures have had to turn away investor funding. After earlier first effort of OTRAG, in the 1990s the projection of a significant demand for communications satellite launches attracted the development of a number of commercial space launch providers. The launch demand largely vanished when some of the largest satellite constellations, such as 288 satellite Teledesic network, were never built. In 1996 NASA selected Lockheed Martin Skunk Works to build the X-33 VentureStar prototype for a single stage to orbit (SSTO) reusable launch vehicle. In 1999", "id": "288619" }, { "contents": "James Smith McDonnell\n\n\nMcDonnell Aircraft Corporation in 1939. Headquartered in St. Louis, the company quickly grew into a principal supplier of fighter aircraft to the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy, including the F-4 Phantom II fighter and the Mercury and Gemini space capsules. In 1967, McDonnell Aircraft merged with the Douglas Aircraft Company to create McDonnell Douglas. Later that year Douglas Aircraft Company's space and missiles division became part of a new subsidiary called McDonnell Douglas Astronautics, located in Huntington Beach, California, producing the Delta series of launch vehicles. The new", "id": "21028393" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\ndeath, the first launch vehicle based on his designs, the McDonnell Douglas DC-X (Delta Clipper) began a largely successful series of test flights. The DC-X was a vertical-takeoff and vertical landing vehicle. The series of test flights began on 18 August 1993 and continued until the upgraded version of the launch vehicle (renamed the DC-XA) tipped over on landing on July 31, 1996. Among Bono's visionary designs was a 1960 Boeing design for a manned Mars spacecraft capable of carrying a", "id": "3522773" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\neight Block II satellites for flights on the new Delta II expendable Medium Launch Vehicle in lieu of the Space Shuttle. Space Division awarded the Medium Launch Vehicle (MLV) contract to McDonnell-Douglas Astronautics Company on 21 January 1987. However, unlike earlier commercial arrangements, the company would no longer be under contract to NASA. Under the new Commercial Expendable Launch Vehicle program encouraged by president Ronald Reagan since 1983, McDonnell-Douglas would be responsible for producing, marketing and launching its commercial Delta IIs. The Air Force would be", "id": "19923501" }, { "contents": "Mel Hunter\n\n\nfor the years 1960-1962. As Hunter's science fiction career blossomed, so did his technical and scientific illustrations. Hunter's love of air and space took him from California's desert runways to Florida's seacoast launchpads to illustrate every variety of jet-age aircraft and space-age rocket imaginable—from X-15 to Saturn V. One of Hunter's best-known books is \"The Missilemen\", a photo illustrated work published in 1960 by Doubleday. Hunter visited U.S. rocket and missile sites during the late 1950s; he", "id": "20560131" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\na single-stage-to-orbit vehicle. Five companies expressed interest and proposed concepts. Three (LM, Rockwell and McDonnell Douglas) were selected for workup into more detailed proposals. Rockwell proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design. It would have used one Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) and two RL-10-5A engines. In a subsequent full-scale system to reach orbit Rockwell planned to use six Rocketdyne RS-2100 engines. McDonnell Douglas featured a design using liquid oxygen/hydrogen bell engines based on its vertical takeoff", "id": "9997282" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\nresearch ways to make more efficient use of the wing surface during high-speed maneuvers. The Directorate is also a collaborator with DARPA, the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Sandia National Laboratories and AFRL's Space Vehicles Directorate on the FALCON program, which includes the HTV-3X Blackswift hypersonic flight demonstration vehicle. The Air Vehicles Directorate also collaborated with NASA and Boeing on the initial work for the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle and the 80% scaled version, X-40A Space Maneuver Vehicle, prior to the classification of the program and", "id": "1842734" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nparts for re-use. After landing the vehicle would be refit, mated with another tank, and be ready for another mission. Hunter moved to Lockheed in the fall of 1965. On his first day he was asked if there was anything Lockheed should be looking at, and he immediately suggested development of his stage-and-a-half design. His suggestions caught the ear of Eugene Root, president of Lockheed Missiles and Space, who gave him the go-ahead to study what became known as the Star", "id": "7750834" }, { "contents": "PGM-17 Thor\n\n\ndeployment as a missile a few years after deployment, the Thor rocket found widespread use as a space launch vehicle. It was the first in a large family of space launch vehicles—the Delta rockets. The last remaining descendant of the Thor, the Delta II, was retired in 2018, and the Delta IV is based on entirely new technology, unlike the Delta II. see Project Emily Stations and Squadrons Family: Thor IRBM, Thor DM-18 (single stage LV); Thor DM-19 (rocket 1st stage), Thor", "id": "15220989" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthree of its four landing pads deployed, which caused it to tip over on its side and explode. The project has not been continued since. From 1999 to 2001 Rotary Rocket attempted to build a SSTO vehicle called the Roton. It received a large amount of media attention and a working sub-scale prototype was completed, but the design was largely impractical. There have been various approaches to SSTO, including pure rockets that are launched and land vertically, air-breathing scramjet-powered vehicles that are launched and land horizontally", "id": "10328891" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\n. The facilities for testing rockets are frequently used for testing new rocket engines including the RS-68 rocket engine developed for use on the Delta IV launch vehicle. The space propulsion area also develops technologies for use in satellites on-orbit to alter their orbits. An AFRL-developed experimental Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) arcjet was flown on the ARGOS satellite in 1999 as part of the Air Force Space Test Program. The Directorate currently manages the X-51A program, which is developing a scramjet demonstration vehicle. The X-51 program is working", "id": "1842749" }, { "contents": "Laurel van der Wal\n\n\nhonors. Her graduate education was funded in part by a National Research Council fellowship to study aeronautics in Stockholm, Sweden. As a young engineer van der Wal worked at Douglas Aircraft as a data analyst on the Nike missile program, and later designing missile systems for the Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation. Starting in 1958, she was the project engineer on three MIA (Mouse-in-Able) launches from Cape Canaveral, as head of bioastronautics at Space Technology Laboratories. She was named the \"Los Angeles Times\"'s \"", "id": "12236594" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nThe National Launch System (or New Launch System) was a study authorized in 1991 by President George H. W. Bush to outline alternatives to the Space Shuttle for access to Earth orbit. Shortly thereafter, NASA asked Lockheed Missiles and Space, McDonnell Douglas, and TRW to perform a ten-month study. A series of launch vehicles was proposed, based around the proposed Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) liquid-fuel rocket engine. The STME was to be a simplified, expendable version of the Space Shuttle main engine (", "id": "11086741" }, { "contents": "Michael R. Clifford\n\n\nfrom the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and was designated an experimental test pilot. In December 1995, Clifford retired from the army. As a military officer, Clifford was assigned to the Johnson Space Center in July 1987. As a Space Shuttle Vehicle Integration engineer, his duties involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle Program. He was involved in design certification and integration of the Shuttle Crew Escape System, and was an executive board member of the Solid Rocket Booster Postflight Assessment Team. Selected as an astronaut", "id": "18151051" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n. In the Shuttle development effort he led a team working on vehicle aerodynamics and the main engines, which included developing full-scale component tests and scaling methodologies, and applying computational fluid dynamics to overcome a wide range of aerothermochemistry problems. He was Chief of the Aerophysics Division at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center until 1992, when he became Chief Aerodynamicist at the NASA Center. He was awarded the AIAA Aerodynamics Award in 1997 for his exceptional lifetime contributions to the aerodynamic design and analysis of strategic missiles and manned/unmanned launch", "id": "21371187" }, { "contents": "Robert A. Heinlein\n\n\noften in his fiction, as do fictitious strikable self-lighting cigarettes. In 1980 Robert Heinlein was a member of the Citizens Advisory Council on National Space Policy, chaired by Jerry Pournelle, which met at the home of SF writer Larry Niven to write space policy papers for the incoming Reagan Administration. Members included such aerospace industry leaders as former astronaut Buzz Aldrin, General Daniel O. Graham, aerospace engineer Max Hunter and North American Rockwell VP for Space Shuttle development George Merrick. Policy recommendations from the Council included ballistic missile defense concepts", "id": "5599733" }, { "contents": "Wernher von Braun\n\n\nUnited States, along with about 1,600 other German scientists, engineers, and technicians, as part of Operation Paperclip. He worked for the United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) program, and he developed the rockets that launched the United States' first space satellite Explorer 1. His group was assimilated into NASA, where he served as director of the newly formed Marshall Space Flight Center and as the chief architect of the Saturn V super heavy-lift launch vehicle that propelled the Apollo spacecraft to the", "id": "15033628" }, { "contents": "Jarvis (rocket)\n\n\nJarvis was a proposed American medium-lift launch vehicle for space launch, designed by Hughes Aircraft and Boeing during the mid-1980s as part of the joint United States Air Force (USAF)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Launch System (ALS) study. Intended to utilize engines and tooling in storage from the Saturn V rocket program along with Space Shuttle components, and projected to be capable of carrying up to six satellites into multiple orbits using a single launch (e.g. GPS constellation), the proposal failed to meet the ALS", "id": "15822979" }, { "contents": "Robert F. Overmyer\n\n\nMarch 1988, he joined the Space Station Team at McDonnell Douglas Aerospace, where he led crew and operations activities for seven years. He retired from McDonnell Douglas in April 1995 and expanded the scope of Mach Twenty Five International, continuing his aerospace consultation work as well as speaking engagements and writing. Overmyer continued his career as a general aviation test pilot. Having former experience with aeronautical testing at both U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School and NASA, he joined Minnesota-based aircraft manufacturer Cirrus Design (now called Cirrus Aircraft) as", "id": "19963429" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n, nuclear-powered vehicles, and even jet-engine-powered vehicles that can fly into orbit and return landing like an airliner, completely intact. For rocket-powered SSTO, the main challenge is achieving a high enough mass-ratio to carry sufficient propellant to achieve orbit, plus a meaningful payload weight. One possibility is to give the rocket an initial speed with a space gun, as planned in the Quicklaunch project. For air-breathing SSTO, the main challenge is system complexity and associated research and development costs", "id": "10328892" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfuel for increasing efficiency once in space. Further examples of Bono's early concepts (prior to the 1990s) which were never constructed include: Around 1985 the NASP project was intended to launch a scramjet vehicle into orbit, but funding was stopped and the project cancelled. At around the same time, the HOTOL tried to use precooled jet engine technology, but failed to show significant advantages over rocket technology. The DC-X, short for Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed one-third scale vertical takeoff and landing demonstrator", "id": "10328889" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nShuttle design. The detailed study of the cost advantages of the drop tank design demonstrated a dramatic reduction in development risk, and as a result, development costs. When funding for STS development was cut, the drop tank was taken up as a way to meet the developmental budgets, leading to the semi-reusable Space Shuttle design. Maxwell Hunter was working at Douglas Aircraft where he formalized the calculation of aircraft operation economics. His methodologies were first published in 1940, and were later applied to the Douglas DC-6 and DC-7.", "id": "7750829" }, { "contents": "Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle\n\n\nThe Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle, designed for NASA's Project Mercury, was the first American crewed space booster. It was used for six sub-orbital Mercury flights from 1960–61; culminating with the launch of the first, and 11 weeks later, the second American (and the second and third humans) in space. The four subsequent Mercury human spaceflights used the more powerful Atlas booster to enter low Earth orbit. A member of the Redstone rocket family, it was derived from the U.S. Army's Redstone ballistic missile and", "id": "11828011" }, { "contents": "British Aerospace HOTOL\n\n\nspace launch system. In 1982, British Aerospace (BAe), which was Europe's principal satellite-builder, began studying a prospective new launch system with the aim of providing launch costs that were 20 per cent of the American Space Shuttle operated by NASA. BAe became aware of work by British engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce on a suitable engine, and soon conceived of an unmanned, fully reuseable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) winged spaceplane as a launch vehicle. Thus, the project had soon became", "id": "14493503" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\nrole in the civilian NASA Project Mercury, Project Gemini and Project Apollo manned space programs along with military Space Shuttle flights. The mission of the unit today is performed by the 45th Space Wing (no direct lineage). Activated in December 1950, replacing 550th Guided Missiles Wing. the 6555th had a distinguished career launching and/or managing ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and payloads for the Ballistic Systems Division, the Space Systems Division and the Space & Missile Systems Organization. As a Wing or a Group, the 6555th earned ten Air", "id": "19923442" }, { "contents": "William H. Dana\n\n\ncontributions to the lifting body program, Dana received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal. In 1976 he received the Haley Space Flight Award from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) for his research work on the M2-F3 lifting body control systems. A member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Dana is the author of several technical papers. In 1993, he was inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Honor. During the X-15 program, eight pilots flew above 264,000 feet or 50 miles, thereby qualifying as astronauts according to", "id": "8766846" }, { "contents": "USAF Hunter-Killer\n\n\nHunter-Killer is an unofficial project name based upon an \"Aviation Week & Space Technology\" article. The U.S. Air Force's Hunter-Killer program was a tactical unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV) procurement program. The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, a variant of the MQ-1 Predator won the project and was deployed in Afghanistan. This is the U.S. Air Force program for which several companies have developed vehicles. Although the J-UCAS concept is a long way from the early idea of a \"reusable cruise missile\",", "id": "18825446" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nlong as launchers were thrown away, access to space would never be affordable. Several companies had already completed early feasibility studies of fully reusable spacecraft, like the Martin Marietta Astrorocket and Douglas Astro. The designs used two flyback stages, one of which flew back to the launch point, while the other flew into orbit and landed after its mission. Hunter thought that any such design was tantamount to making two aircraft to do the job of one, and it was only the upper stage that was of any real use. By", "id": "7750831" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\ndirector of the CIA under Director William Colby and from 1974–1976 he was the director of the DIA. Ronald Reagan called upon General Graham to be his military advisor for his 1976 and 1980 campaigns. General Graham is a member of the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame. In later years, Graham devoted a lot of time to the research and development of Single-Stage To Orbit (SSTO) spacecraft in conjunction with NASA. McDonnell Douglas was awarded a contract to build an SSTO test vehicle on August 16, 1991, and named", "id": "5770548" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nBased on its experience working with Minuteman assets, Space Vector was tasked by Lockheed in 1980 to help develop the Homing Overlay Experiment (HOE) booster for the U.S. Army which would go on to become the first successful hit-to-kill intercept of a mock ballistic missile warhead outside the Earth’s atmosphere. This technology was later used by the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and expanded into the Exoatmospheric Reentry-vehicle Interception System (ERIS) program. In 1982 Space Vector was tapped by Space Services Inc. of America (", "id": "7487030" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nPhilip Bono (13 January 1921 – 23 May 1993) was a Douglas Aircraft Company engineer. He was a pioneer of reusable vertical landing single-stage to orbit launch vehicles. As a visionary designer, he is credited with inventing the first version of a recoverable single-stage spacecraft booster, and his contributions influenced spacecraft design. Bono pursued single-stage space launch as simpler and cheaper. He realized to do this he would need to use high specific impulse liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engines. Afterwards he proposed to", "id": "3522770" }, { "contents": "Vance D. Coffman\n\n\nin Aerospace Engineering of Iowa State University (ISU). Coffman had three brothers, all of which studied at ISU within the engineering and science departments. Coffman has Master's and Doctorate graduate in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University. In 1967, Coffman joined Lockheed Martin Corporation's Space Systems Division, working on the development of space programs and data processing systems for the corporation. By 1988 he was president of the Space Systems Division. He directed the Hubble Space Telescope project for Lockheed. By 1998 he was the chairman and", "id": "11284872" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n\" commercial parts and currently-available technology, but Lockheed Martin was not interested enough to fund such a program themselves. On February 15, 1989, Pournelle, Graham and Hunter were able to procure a meeting with Vice-President Dan Quayle. They \"sold\" the idea to SDIO by noting that any space-based weapons system would need to be serviced by a spacecraft that was far more reliable than the Space Shuttle, and offer lower launch costs and have much better turnaround times. Given the uncertainties of the design", "id": "15420674" }, { "contents": "Abdul Majid (physicist)\n\n\nand joined Pakistan's Space Program as a researcher in astrophysics and aeronautical labs. Majid worked under the supervision of noted Pakistani-Polish military scientist and aeronautical engineer, Air Commodore W. J. M. Turowicz, in the field of Rocket Technology and published numerous research papers. He is credited for the design and developed the Hypersonic Rocket Launch Vehicle or Hatf Missiles Series during his stay at SUPARCO. In 1983, Dr Majid was put in-charge of Satellite Development Program of Pakistan. He is widely credited for the indigenous development and launching", "id": "14780917" }, { "contents": "Martin Knutson\n\n\n's aging fleet of F-104 support aircraft with F/A-18 Hornets. He also provided leadership for numerous flight research projects including the X-29 forward-swept-wing technology demonstrator; the Controlled Impact Demonstration, the F-15 Digital Electronic Engine Control project that integrated propulsion and flight controls, the Pegasus air-launched rocket for placing small payloads into low-Earth orbit; the CV-990 Landing Systems Research aircraft that tested improved braking systems for the space shuttle; and the F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle. After the Air Force announced the impending retirement", "id": "2519508" }, { "contents": "Pioneer Rocketplane\n\n\nMissile Range Officers’ Club on May 12, 1993. The original concept was developed by then Air Force Captain Mitchell Burnside Clapp, who envisioned an aerial refueled, rocket-powered single-stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicle using jet fuel and hydrogen peroxide. This concept seemed a natural match for the Air Force's TransAtmospheric Vehicle (TAV) mission and studies began at the USAF Phillips Laboratory. Aerospace engineering legend Burt Rutan and noted aircraft designer Dan Raymer contributed input to the development of the design. During the winter of", "id": "17524030" }, { "contents": "Thor (rocket family)\n\n\nThor was a US space launch vehicle derived from the PGM-17 Thor intermediate-range ballistic missile. The Thor rocket was the first member of the Delta rocket family of space launch vehicles. The last launch of a direct derivative of the Thor missile occurred in 2018 as the first stage of the final Delta II. Thor was first used as a launch vehicle during the testing program of the warhead reentry vehicle for the Atlas missile. For these three tests a Thor core stage was topped by the Able second stage. Able used the", "id": "21158637" }, { "contents": "Boeing X-37\n\n\nThe Boeing X-37, also known as the Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), is a reusable robotic spacecraft. It is boosted into space by a launch vehicle, then re-enters Earth's atmosphere and lands as a spaceplane. The X-37 is operated by the United States Air Force for orbital spaceflight missions intended to demonstrate reusable space technologies. It is a 120%-scaled derivative of the earlier Boeing X-40. The X-37 began as a NASA project in 1999, before being transferred to the U.S. Department of Defense in 2004. Its first", "id": "12510871" }, { "contents": "LGM-25C Titan II\n\n\nThe Titan II was an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and space launcher developed by the Glenn L. Martin Company from the earlier Titan I missile. Titan II was originally designed and used as an ICBM, but was later adapted as a medium-lift space launch vehicle to carry payloads to Earth orbit for the United States Air Force (USAF), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Those payloads included the USAF Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), NOAA weather", "id": "10861471" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\non the X-33 experience shared with NASA, Lockheed Martin hoped to make the business case for a full-scale SSTO RLV, called VentureStar, that would be developed and operated through commercial means. The intention was that rather than operate space transport systems as it has with the Space Shuttle, NASA would instead look to private industry to operate the reusable launch vehicle and NASA would purchase launch services from the commercial launch provider. Thus, the X-33 was not only about honing space flight technologies, but also about successfully demonstrating the technology", "id": "9997276" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nmake these vehicles reusable. From his ROOST design onwards Bono advocated space launch vehicles without wings, usually using rocket assisted vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL). According to his estimates, wings consisted mostly of dead weight that decreased launch payload mass. He patented a reusable plug nozzle rocket engine which had dual use as a heat shield for atmospheric reentry. His early 1960s concepts influenced later designs like the 1990s Delta Clipper, also from Douglas. Philip Bono was born in Brooklyn, New York on 13 January 1921. He graduated", "id": "3522771" }, { "contents": "Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment\n\n\nof new space services and other activities that would improve U.S. economic competitiveness. The program implemented the National Space Transportation Policy, which is designed to accelerate the development of new launch technologies and concepts to contribute to the continuing commercialization of the national space launch industry. Both the X-33 and the smaller X-34 technology testbed demonstrator were under the Space Transportation Program Offices at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. The air-launched, winged X-34 also was to demonstrate technologies applicable to future-generation reusable launch vehicles designed to dramatically", "id": "20761669" }, { "contents": "Adolf Thiel\n\n\nfor the Thor ballistic missile, which became a first-stage launch for the Explorer spacecraft. He was director of space projects for TRW when it developed Explorer VI and Pioneer V, two of the earliest US craft to explore interplanetary space. He oversaw all of TRW's space programs during the 1970s. After his retirement in 1980 as a senior vice president, Thiel served as an executive consultant to TRW and on NASA planning groups. He was named a fellow of the American Astronautical Society in 1968. He married Frances Thiel", "id": "11277096" }, { "contents": "BAC Mustard\n\n\nin other space programmes, such as the American Space Shuttle. Mustard was a modular re-usable space launch system, comprising multiple copies of a single vehicle design, each of which was configured for a different role as a booster stage or an orbital spaceplane. The core vehicle design resembled the basic layout of the Douglas Astro, both being delta-winged reusable vehicles, as would the later American Space Shuttle. Furthermore, all three functioned as vertically-launched rockets and used integral wings so that they could land horizontally,", "id": "11296482" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nSSIA) to fabricate and launch the Conestoga I off Matagorda Island, Texas which became the first privately funded rocket to reach space. In 1992 Space Vector teamed with Coleman Research Corporation (now a division of L-3 Communications) and Aerotherm to provide the Army Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC) with 25 Hera target vehicles to support testing of THAAD and Patriot PAC-3 anti-ballistic missile systems. Space Vector went on to earn the distinction in 1997 as the first company to air launch a minuteman based target vehicle. The single", "id": "7487031" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n-range ballistic missile and the large Saturn I booster rocket. Following the Russian Sputnik launch, in July 1960 he moved with other von Braun rocket scientists from the Army Ballistic Missile Agency to the newly founded NASA. There, as part of the Apollo moon-landing program, he made major contributions working on the Saturn V booster rocket, on aerothermodynamics, and on liquid hydrogen propellant systems. He subsequently was involved in numerous projects contributing to the nation's manned and unmanned space flight programs, especially Skylab and the Space Shuttle", "id": "21371186" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nthe NLS-1 core stage. The NLS program did not venture beyond the planning stages and did not survive the Presidency of Bill Clinton, which started in January 1993. In 1992, Daniel Goldin was selected to replace Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly as NASA administrator. Goldin championed the motto, \"faster, better, cheaper,\" which may not have fit the ambitious NLS vision. A NASA history from 1998 says that reusable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) rockets and space planes such as the McDonnell Douglas DC", "id": "11086743" }, { "contents": "Gary Hudson (engineer)\n\n\nGary Hudson has been involved in private spaceflight development for over 40 years. Hudson is best known as the founder of Rotary Rocket Company, which in spending ~$30 Million attempted to build a unique single stage to orbit launch vehicle known as the Roton. Rotary Rocket built a landing test simulator (the Roton ATV) which flew three successful test flights in 1999. He also helped found Transformational Space T/Space in 2004. He also helped found AirLaunch LLC which was awarded the DARPA/USAF FALCON project in 2003. Previous projects", "id": "10746924" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nof Space Shuttle Columbia touched down on Rogers Dry Lakebed, with Astronauts John Young and Robert Crippin successfully landing the first orbiting space vehicle ever to leave the Earth under rocket power and return to Earth aerodynamically for re-use. The \"Flying Wing\" returned to Edwards in the late 1980s when the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber began testing, and at a remote site, the F-117A Nighthawk stealth fighter. Air-Launched Cruise Missile, and LANTIRN systems were also tested during the 1980s. The 1990s saw the arrival of the Lockheed", "id": "14946576" }, { "contents": "Jerry Pournelle\n\n\nof making recommendation to the US Air Force on investment in technologies required to build the missile force to be deployed in 1975. After Project 75 was completed Pournelle became manager of several advanced concept studies. At North American Rockwell’s Space Division, Pournelle was associate director of operations research, where he took part in the Apollo program and general operations. He was founding President of the Pepperdine Research Institute. In 1989, Pournelle, Max Hunter, and retired Army Lieutenant General Daniel O. Graham made a presentation to then Vice President Dan", "id": "16491387" }, { "contents": "United States Air Force Plant 42\n\n\nby McDonnell Douglas, St. Louis, Missouri, and transported by aircraft to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. They were also transported by aircraft from Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility to the Kennedy Space Center. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration had been paying the Air Force for use of Plant 42 facilities for the shuttle work. NASA decided in February 2002 to shift space shuttle overhaul and modification work from Palmdale to Florida. Current projects include design, engineering, pre-production, production, modification, flight testing, servicing and repair", "id": "9173070" }, { "contents": "William C. Schwartz\n\n\nspace vehicles and orbital calculations. He was a member of the founding group within NAA involved with the development of space vehicles and which developed the Apollo program. In the early 1960s, he moved to The Martin Company (later Martin Marietta and now Lockheed Martin), where he managed three departments, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Human Factors for the missile developer. It was during this period that he became involved in laser research and development. Shortly after the invention of the laser in 1960, Martin recognized its potential in", "id": "13650865" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthat could lead to an SSTO vehicle. The one-third-size test craft was operated and maintained by a small team of three people based out of a trailer, and the craft was once relaunched less than 24 hours after landing. Although the test program was not without mishap (including a minor explosion), the DC-X demonstrated that the maintenance aspects of the concept were sound. That project was cancelled when it landed with three of four legs deployed, tipped over, and exploded on the fourth flight after", "id": "10328911" }, { "contents": "Marti Sarigul-Klijn\n\n\nDr. Marti Sarigul-Klijn is an expert at rapidly designing, fabricating, and test flying proof-of-concept prototypes. He holds a Ph.D. in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and is a graduate of the United States Naval Test Pilot School and the United States Naval Academy. After completing twenty years in the Navy with the final rank of Commander, he has since worked on over 20 design proposals that include aircraft, UAV's, rocket propulsion, and space launch vehicles. Seven of these proposals continued to", "id": "11065599" }, { "contents": "Jerauld R. Gentry\n\n\nJerauld Richard \"Jerry\" Gentry (May 16, 1935 – March 3, 2003) was a United States Air Force (USAF) test pilot and Vietnam combat veteran. As chief USAF pilot of the Lifting Body Research Program, he helped validate the concept of flying a wingless vehicle back to Earth from space and landing it like an aircraft—an approach used by the Space Shuttle and to a greater degree by vehicles such as the Lockheed Martin X-33 and NASA X-38. Gentry completed thirty lifting body flights including the first flight", "id": "21488944" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nlifting body shape, composite multi-lobed liquid fuel tanks, and the aerospike engine, NASA and Lockheed Martin hoped to test fly a craft that would demonstrate the viability of a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) design. A spacecraft capable of reaching orbit in a single stage would not require external fuel tanks or boosters to reach low Earth orbit. Doing away with the need for \"staging\" with launch vehicles, such as with the Shuttle and the Apollo rockets, would lead to an inherently more reliable", "id": "9997271" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfor a proposed SSTO. It is one of only a few prototype SSTO vehicles ever built. Several other prototypes were intended, including the DC-X2 (a half-scale prototype) and the DC-Y, a full-scale vehicle which would be capable of single stage insertion into orbit. Neither of these were built, but the project was taken over by NASA in 1995, and they built the DC-XA, an upgraded one-third scale prototype. This vehicle was lost when it landed with only", "id": "10328890" }, { "contents": "Landing gear\n\n\ne.g., the Space Shuttle, or the USAF X-37), landing gear have been largely absent from orbital vehicles during the early decades since the advent of spaceflight technology, when orbital space transport has been the exclusive preserve of national-monopoly governmental space programs. Each spaceflight system to date has relied on expendable boosters to begin each ascent to orbital velocity. Recent advances in private space transport, where new competition to governmental space initiatives has emerged, have included the explicit design of landing gear into orbital booster rockets. SpaceX has initiated", "id": "10876701" }, { "contents": "Eric Boe\n\n\ninvolves work with displays and controls for future space vehicles. He made his first trip to space as pilot of during STS-126 on November 14, 2008. Boe flew his second space flight as pilot on STS-133, the final scheduled flight of the Space Shuttle \"Discovery\" and the third-to-last flight of the Space Shuttle program. In August 2012, Boe was named Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office. In July 2015, NASA announced Boe as one of the first astronauts for U.S. Commercial spaceflights. Subsequently, he", "id": "14264618" }, { "contents": "Melvin B. Zisfein\n\n\nMelvin B. Zisfein (1926-1995) was an aircraft designer and a Deputy Director of the U.S. National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC. Zisfein graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with degrees in aeronautical engineering (B.S. 1948; M.S. 1948) and worked as a designer, aerodynamicist, and manager for aircraft companies from then until 1966. He was associate director of the Franklin Institute Research Laboratories from 1966 to 1971. From 1971 to 1982 he served as the deputy director of the National Air and Space Museum,", "id": "1801139" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nselected from the Air Force's test pilot cadre. Additionally, the AFTC assisted with the testing of rocket engines and re-entry vehicles. Along with the X-15, pilots at Edwards were expanding the frontiers of atmospheric flight, testing the XB-70 Valkyrie high-altitude bomber, along with the YF-12 interceptor for Air Defense Command and the SR-71 Blackbird Strategic Reconnaissance aircraft for Strategic Air Command. With the decline of the military manned space mission after the NASA Lunar Landing Program ended, the Aerospace Research Pilot School was once again re-", "id": "14946574" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nDC-X were hired by Blue Origin, and their New Shepard vehicle was inspired by the DC-X design. Blue Origin does not require the high cross range capabilities, and therefore uses a base-first re-entry profile. Also, the DC-X provided inspiration for many elements of Armadillo Aerospace's, Masten Space Systems's, and TGV Rockets's spacecraft designs. Some NASA engineers believe that the DC-X could provide a solution for a crewed Mars lander. Had a DC-type craft been", "id": "15420693" }, { "contents": "Rockwell X-30\n\n\nThe Rockwell X-30 was an advanced technology demonstrator project for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP), part of a United States project to create a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spacecraft and passenger spaceliner. It was cancelled in the early 1990s before a prototype was completed, although much development work in advanced materials and aerospace design was completed. While a goal of a future NASP was a passenger liner capable of two-hour flights from Washington to Tokyo, the X-30 was planned for a crew of", "id": "16588465" }, { "contents": "SpaceDev\n\n\nSpaceDev, a part of the \"Space Systems Business\" of Sierra Nevada Corporation, is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work. It designed and built components for the hybrid rocket motors for Paul Allen's Tier One suborbital SpaceShipOne space program operated by Scaled Composites. It is also developing micro- and nano-satellites, a small expendable launch vehicle, the SpaceDev Streaker, and has designed a piloted suborbital and orbital spaceship of its own, the SpaceDev Dream Chaser, in collaboration with NASA. SpaceDev is based near San Diego in", "id": "16321029" }, { "contents": "Glenn L. Martin Company\n\n\nby the American space program as one of its first satellite booster rockets as part of Project Vanguard. The Vanguard was the first American space exploration rocket designed from scratch to be an orbital launch vehicle — rather than being a modified sounding rocket (like the Juno I) or a ballistic missile (like the U.S. Army's Redstone missile). Martin also designed and manufactured the huge and heavily armed Titan I and LGM-25C Titan II Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). Martin Company of Orlando, Florida, was the prime contractor for", "id": "10667744" }, { "contents": "Shuttlecraft (Star Trek)\n\n\nplanetary surface and space. Wernher Von Braun in the 1950s conceived of a reusable winged spacecraft as a ferry rocket. Plans for such vehicles were referred to as \"DC-3\" by spacecraft designer Maxime Faget and Integrated Launch and Reentry Vehicle (ILRV) by NASA. During the late 1960s, while \"\" was being broadcast, these concepts became known as Space Shuttle. In a speech given to the British Interplanetary Society in August 1968 George Mueller, head of the NASA Office of Manned Space Flight, mentioned the need for a", "id": "13203374" }, { "contents": "The Aerospace Corporation\n\n\n. Gen. Bernard A. Schriever announced the \"formation of a new nonprofit organization, The Aerospace Corporation, to serve the Air Force in the scientific and technical planning and management of missile-space programs.\" Among the earliest projects it supported were the Dyna-Soar orbital spaceplane, Project Mercury, and the man-rating of the Atlas (rocket) intercontinental ballistic missile. The Aerospace Corporation provided general systems engineering and technical direction for the Titan II missile, first tested in 1962, which became the launch vehicle for Project Gemini", "id": "15141218" }, { "contents": "Timothy Creamer\n\n\nPrior to his astronaut selection in 1998, he had been working as a space operations officer, with the Army Space Command, stationed in Houston, Texas. He is now the Army’s NASA Detachment commander. Creamer was assigned to NASA at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in July 1995 as a Space Shuttle vehicle integration test engineer. His duties primarily involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle. He was actively involved in the integrated tests of the systems for each Orbiter for its preparations for its", "id": "7264360" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nof the rocket, the Clipper Graham soared into the skies over the old White Sands Missile Range to a height of 3,120 meters (10,300 ft) and stayed in the air for over two minutes before landing. That flight was the highest and longest the vehicle had ever flown until then. Robert A. Heinlein dedicated his 1985 novel The Cat Who Walks Through Walls to Graham and eight of the other members of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy. Graham was chairman of the American Space Frontier Committee, the Coalition for", "id": "5770554" }, { "contents": "SpaceX\n\n\nhas one of the largest concentrations of aerospace headquarters, facilities, and/or subsidiaries in the U.S., including Boeing/McDonnell Douglas main satellite building campuses, Aerospace Corp., Raytheon, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Air Force Space Command's Space and Missile Systems Center at Los Angeles Air Force Base, Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems, Northrop Grumman, and AECOM, etc., with a large pool of aerospace engineers and recent college engineering graduates. SpaceX utilizes a high degree of vertical integration in the production of its rockets and rocket", "id": "10001424" }, { "contents": "William H. Gerstenmaier\n\n\n1980, Gerstenmaier moved to Houston, Texas, to work at the Johnson Space Center, researching propulsion related to the Space Shuttle, and was involved in the earliest phases of the International Space Station design. In 1984, he was a semi-finalist in the selection for NASA Astronaut Group 10. In 1988, he first served as manager of Space Shuttle Program Integration, and then went on to serve as head of the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle Operations Office. Following that, he became Director of Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom", "id": "13055214" }, { "contents": "Bruno Augenstein\n\n\nBruno Wilhelm Augenstein (March 16, 1923 – July 6, 2005) was a German-born mathematician and physicist who made important contributions in space technology, ballistic missile research, satellites, antimatter, and many other areas. Augenstein worked in the Aerophysics Laboratory at North American Aviation on diverse projects including weaponization of the V-2 rocket, a ramjet-powered vehicle that later became the Navajo missile. He entered RAND Corporation as a consultant and subcontractor in 1949. Initially at RAND he developed an interest in long range missiles. Augenstein", "id": "1664472" }, { "contents": "Robert R. Gilruth\n\n\nRobert Rowe Gilruth (October 8, 1913 – August 17, 2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. He worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics from 1937 to 1958 and its successor NASA, until his retirement in 1973. He was involved with early research into supersonic flight and rocket-powered aircraft, and then with the United States manned space program, including the Mercury, Gemini", "id": "19875506" } ]

[ { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nMaxwell White Hunter II (March 11, 1922 – November 10, 2001) was a prominent American aerospace engineer. He worked on the design of the Douglas B-42 and Douglas B-43 bombers, the Honest John, Nike-Ajax, and Nike-Zeus missiles, the Thor IRBM, and on parts of the Strategic Defense Initiative. In later years he worked on space-launch vehicles and was a proponent of Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) designs. He was honored in 1995 by the National Space Society", "id": "13829898" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvariety of projects including parts of the mammoth Strategic Defense Initiative. SDI gave him a chance at realizing a dream he had nurtured since the 1960s: the construction of a Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle. In 1984, Hunter proposed a vehicle he called the X-rocket, based on those earlier SSTO designs. The design was reviewed by LMSC's Astronautics Division (AD), which judged it worth pursuing, and by its Missile Systems Division (MSD), which did not. LMSC then", "id": "13829902" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\npayloads into Earth orbit today. After working for Douglas Aircraft from 1944 to 1961, Hunter joined the staff of the National Aeronautics and Space Council, a group that advised the U.S. president on space policy. Following several years in that position, he went back to the aerospace industry in 1965, spending over two decades with Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (LMSC). (LMSC was a division of Lockheed Corporation, which merged with Martin Marietta in 1995 to become Lockheed-Martin.) At LMSC, Hunter worked on a", "id": "13829901" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nspace systems. In this position he oversaw the production of military missiles including the Honest John artillery rocket, the Nike antiaircraft missile, and the Sparrow air-to-air missile. Douglas Aircraft began work on the Thor, an early Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM), in late 1955 and put Hunter in charge of that program. He assembled a small team of crack designers and brought the development to success in a short time. Thor became the basis of the McDonnell Douglas Delta rocket, whose descendants are still boosting", "id": "13829900" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nand High Frontier convinced SDI management and other national officials that a study should be initiated to determine once and for all the feasibility of SSTO vehicles for military missions. This led to a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) program to design a single-stage vehicle that could replace military satellites on short notice during a national emergency. This vehicle was known as the Delta Clipper. McDonnell Douglas Corporation was contracted to build and test fly a one-third-scale, suborbital testbed called the DC-X, or Delta Clipper", "id": "13829904" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvehicle tipped over at landing. Funding to make repairs and continue flight tests was not made available. Max Hunter continued to advise on space policy issues and advocate the building of SSTO vehicles for airline-like access to space, a goal he was sure could be attained. He chaired the Rules Committee for the Ansari X Prize, announced in 1996, a $10 million prize for the first reusable craft to reach space twice within two weeks without substantial refit. In October 2000, he agreed to serve as Chairman of the", "id": "13829906" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nExperimental. While not capable of spaceflight, the DC-X incorporated many of the technologies needed for an SSTO vehicle, including highly automated systems enabling a quick turnaround (just twenty-six hours) between launches. It made eight successful test flights between August 18, 1993, and July 7, 1995, and then was taken over by NASA and flown four times as the DC-XA between May 18 and July 31, 1996. It was damaged on its last flight when one landing strut failed to deploy and the", "id": "13829905" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nfor lifelong contributions to the technology of spaceflight. Maxwell Hunter was born in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania and graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in that state with a degree in physics and mathematics. In 1944, he earned a Master's Degree in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). After earning his MS from MIT, Hunter went to work for the Douglas Aircraft Company. He became their chief designer in aeronautics, working on modifications of the B-42 and B-43 bombers. Later he was promoted to chief engineer for", "id": "13829899" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\ndeclined to support further work on the X-rocket, and Hunter retired. As an independent consultant, he renamed the concept SSX (for Space Ship Experimental), and began to refine it. In December 1988 the ad hoc Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy was briefed on the concept by Hunter and others. The general concept was endorsed by the Council and by High Frontier, Inc., a Washington-based group headed by Lt. Gen. Daniel O. Graham that lobbied for SDI programs. Working together, Hunter", "id": "13829903" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nAdvisory Board for the Undersea Hotel Project of the Cala Corporation. He died at Stanford Hospital, Stanford, California on the evening of November 10, 2001 after a lingering illness. Max Hunter was Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Beta Pi, and a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), the American Astronautical Society (AAS), and the British Interplanetary Society (BIS). He was also a member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) and an honorary member of the Japanese Rocket Society", "id": "13829907" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nThe DC-X, short for Delta Clipper or Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed prototype of a reusable single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle built by McDonnell Douglas in conjunction with the United States Department of Defense's Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) from 1991 to 1993. Starting 1994 until 1995, testing continued through funding of the US civil space agency NASA. In 1996, the DC-X technology was completely transferred to NASA, which upgraded the design for improved performance to create the DC-XA", "id": "15420672" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nvehicles was prepared by Chrysler Corporation's Space Division in 1970–1971 under NASA contract NAS8-26341. Their proposal (Shuttle SERV) was an enormous vehicle with more than of payload, utilizing jet engines for (vertical) landing. While the technical problems seemed to be solvable, the USAF required a winged design that led to the Shuttle as we know it today. The uncrewed DC-X technology demonstrator, originally developed by McDonnell Douglas for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program office, was an attempt to build a vehicle", "id": "10328910" }, { "contents": "David Urie\n\n\nsystem before initiating and heading the Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) and X-33 Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Programs at Lockheed. Urie's work as the program manager for the previously classified Have Region project demonstrated that rocket-powered single-stage-to-orbit vehicles were technically feasible, which led to the Lockheed Martin SSTO design approach. As a Director of the Lockheed-Martin Skunk Works SSTO/RLV Advanced Technology Demonstration Program, Urie conceived and developed the aerospike rocket propelled lifting body that was selected by NASA as", "id": "20876395" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nearly stages of flight; and flight within Earth's atmosphere, which limits speed in the early stages of flight and influences engine performance. Additionally, the retirement of NASA's Shuttle launch vehicle has resulted in a substantial reduction in the cost to launch a kilogram of payload to either low Earth orbit or the International Space Station, removing the main projected advantage of the SSTO concept. Notable single stage to orbit concepts include Skylon, the DC-X, the Lockheed Martin X-33, and the Roton SSTO. However, despite showing", "id": "10328885" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nThe Lockheed Martin X-33 was an uncrewed, sub-scale technology demonstrator suborbital spaceplane developed in the 1990s under the U.S. government-funded Space Launch Initiative program. The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for the VentureStar orbital spaceplane, which was planned to be a next-generation, commercially operated reusable launch vehicle. The X-33 would flight-test a range of technologies that NASA believed it needed for single-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicles (SSTO RLVs), such as metallic thermal protection systems, composite cryogenic fuel tanks", "id": "9997267" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n. During the 1960s some of the first concept designs for this kind of craft began to emerge. One of the earliest SSTO concepts was the expendable One stage Orbital Space Truck (OOST) proposed by Philip Bono, an engineer for Douglas Aircraft Company. A reusable version named ROOST was also proposed. Another early SSTO concept was a reusable launch vehicle named NEXUS which was proposed by Krafft Arnold Ehricke in the early 1960s. It was one of the largest spacecraft ever conceptualized with a diameter of over 50 metres and the capability to", "id": "10328887" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n. According to writer Jerry Pournelle: \"DC-X was conceived in my living room and sold to National Space Council Chairman Dan Quayle by General Graham, Max Hunter and me.\" According to Max Hunter, however, he had tried hard to convince Lockheed Martin of the concept's value for several years before he retired. Hunter had written a paper in 1985 entitled \"The Opportunity\", detailing the concept of a Single-Stage-To-Orbit spacecraft built with low-cost \"off-the-shelf", "id": "15420673" }, { "contents": "Rob Meyerson\n\n\nInitiative contract with NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. Meyerson launched his career as an aerospace engineer at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) from 1985 to 1997 working on human spaceflight systems, including the aerodynamic design of the Space Shuttle orbiter drag parachute, as well as the overall design, integration, and flight test of a gliding parachute for the X-38 Crew Rescue Vehicle, a crew return vehicle designed to return astronauts to earth from the International Space Station. Meyerson began with NASA in 1985 as a cooperative education student at JSC", "id": "8603673" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nfor the X-33 was selected over competing concepts from Boeing and McDonnell Douglas. Boeing proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design, and McDonnell Douglas proposed a design based on its vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL) DC-XA test vehicle. The uncrewed X-33 was slated to fly 15 suborbital hops to near 75.8 km altitude. It was to be launched upright like a rocket and rather than having a straight flight path it would fly diagonally up for half the flight, reaching extremely high altitudes, and then for the rest of the", "id": "9997274" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nThe methodologies were later adopted as a standard by the Air Transport Association. He later joined the Thor missile project as the chief design engineer, and this introduced him to the world of space launchers. With new upper stages, Thor became the Delta, one of the most-used launchers in the 1960s. In spite of Thor's success, Hunter was dissatisfied with the state of the launcher market and later wrote that \"by the end of 1963 the state of recoverable rockets was terrible.\" He was convinced that as", "id": "7750830" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nit the DC-X for Delta Clipper Experimental. The name honored the firm's successful Thor/Delta rocket and recalled the famous 19th-century commercial clipper ships. The McDonnell Douglas SSTO team saw the Delta Clipper as opening the \"space trade routes in the same way that the Yankee Clipper ships opened the sea trade routes.\" The needs of the commercial launch industry thus were integral to the thinking of the McDonnell Douglas DC-X team. General Graham envisioned the DC-X as the perfect inexpensive launch and delivery", "id": "5770549" }, { "contents": "George Huebner\n\n\nproduce intercontinental ballistic missiles. Huebner was named executive engineer in charge of Chrysler's Missile Branch. At the time he was serving as executive engineer of research for Chrysler in their automotive division. He developed a complete research and development missile facility that included engineering, testing, and production of the Redstone rocket. These rockets ultimately launched into orbit the first U.S. satellites and the first manned space flights. Huebner worked closely with Wernher von Braun on the space program. For two years he worked on this rocket project and then went back", "id": "15004097" }, { "contents": "Reusable launch system\n\n\nthe McDonnell Douglas Delta Clipper VTOL SSTO proposal progressed to the testing phase. The DC-X prototype demonstrated rapid turnaround time and automatic computer control. In mid-1990, British research evolved an earlier HOTOL design into the far more promising Skylon design, which remains in development. From the commercial side, Rocketplane Kistler and Rotary Rocket attempted to build reusable privately developed rockets before going bankrupt. NASA proposed risky reusable concepts to replace the Shuttle technology, to be demonstrated under the X-33 and X-34 programs, which were both cancelled in the early", "id": "19421229" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\na number of SSTO advocates to reconsider hydrogen as a satisfactory fuel. The late Max Hunter, while employing hydrogen fuel in the DC-X, often said that he thought the first successful orbital SSTO would more likely be fueled by propane. Some SSTO concepts use the same engine for all altitudes, which is a problem for traditional engines with a bell-shaped nozzle. Depending on the atmospheric pressure, different bell shapes are optimal. Engines operating in the lower atmosphere have shorter bells than those designed to work in vacuum.", "id": "10328899" }, { "contents": "George Mueller (NASA)\n\n\ndesigns ranged from 'simple' concepts like Martin Marietta's six person reusable craft similar to the Dyna-Soar (launched by a Titan III-M), to partially reusable concepts like Lockheed's Star Clipper or Tip Tank from McDonnell Douglas, to fully reusable two-stage vehicles like the one proposed by General Dynamics. Following this symposium Mueller continued to champion a \"space shuttle\". He did not invent the term, but he made it his own. He was also a keen proponent of space stations and was", "id": "16249187" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nIn October 2000, Beal Aerospace ceased operations citing a decision by NASA and the Department of Defense to commit themselves to the development of the competing government-financed EELV program. In 1998 Rotary Rocket proposed the Roton, a Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) piloted Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) space transport. A full scale Roton Atmospheric Test Vehicle flew three times in 1999. After spending tens of millions of dollars in development the Roton failed to secure launch contracts and Rotary Rocket ceased operations in 2001. On", "id": "288621" }, { "contents": "List of human spaceflight programs\n\n\ncommissioned by the Russian Aerospace Agency since 1993. The Kankoh-maru (観光丸? Kankōmaru) is the name of a proposed vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL), single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), reusable launch system (rocket-powered spacecraft). The Ansari X Prize was a space competition in which the X Prize Foundation offered a US$10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable crewed spacecraft into space twice within two weeks. Twenty-six teams from around the world", "id": "19978394" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nby 2016, and some space ventures have had to turn away investor funding. After earlier first effort of OTRAG, in the 1990s the projection of a significant demand for communications satellite launches attracted the development of a number of commercial space launch providers. The launch demand largely vanished when some of the largest satellite constellations, such as 288 satellite Teledesic network, were never built. In 1996 NASA selected Lockheed Martin Skunk Works to build the X-33 VentureStar prototype for a single stage to orbit (SSTO) reusable launch vehicle. In 1999", "id": "288619" }, { "contents": "James Smith McDonnell\n\n\nMcDonnell Aircraft Corporation in 1939. Headquartered in St. Louis, the company quickly grew into a principal supplier of fighter aircraft to the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy, including the F-4 Phantom II fighter and the Mercury and Gemini space capsules. In 1967, McDonnell Aircraft merged with the Douglas Aircraft Company to create McDonnell Douglas. Later that year Douglas Aircraft Company's space and missiles division became part of a new subsidiary called McDonnell Douglas Astronautics, located in Huntington Beach, California, producing the Delta series of launch vehicles. The new", "id": "21028393" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\ndeath, the first launch vehicle based on his designs, the McDonnell Douglas DC-X (Delta Clipper) began a largely successful series of test flights. The DC-X was a vertical-takeoff and vertical landing vehicle. The series of test flights began on 18 August 1993 and continued until the upgraded version of the launch vehicle (renamed the DC-XA) tipped over on landing on July 31, 1996. Among Bono's visionary designs was a 1960 Boeing design for a manned Mars spacecraft capable of carrying a", "id": "3522773" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\neight Block II satellites for flights on the new Delta II expendable Medium Launch Vehicle in lieu of the Space Shuttle. Space Division awarded the Medium Launch Vehicle (MLV) contract to McDonnell-Douglas Astronautics Company on 21 January 1987. However, unlike earlier commercial arrangements, the company would no longer be under contract to NASA. Under the new Commercial Expendable Launch Vehicle program encouraged by president Ronald Reagan since 1983, McDonnell-Douglas would be responsible for producing, marketing and launching its commercial Delta IIs. The Air Force would be", "id": "19923501" }, { "contents": "Mel Hunter\n\n\nfor the years 1960-1962. As Hunter's science fiction career blossomed, so did his technical and scientific illustrations. Hunter's love of air and space took him from California's desert runways to Florida's seacoast launchpads to illustrate every variety of jet-age aircraft and space-age rocket imaginable—from X-15 to Saturn V. One of Hunter's best-known books is \"The Missilemen\", a photo illustrated work published in 1960 by Doubleday. Hunter visited U.S. rocket and missile sites during the late 1950s; he", "id": "20560131" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\na single-stage-to-orbit vehicle. Five companies expressed interest and proposed concepts. Three (LM, Rockwell and McDonnell Douglas) were selected for workup into more detailed proposals. Rockwell proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design. It would have used one Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) and two RL-10-5A engines. In a subsequent full-scale system to reach orbit Rockwell planned to use six Rocketdyne RS-2100 engines. McDonnell Douglas featured a design using liquid oxygen/hydrogen bell engines based on its vertical takeoff", "id": "9997282" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\nresearch ways to make more efficient use of the wing surface during high-speed maneuvers. The Directorate is also a collaborator with DARPA, the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Sandia National Laboratories and AFRL's Space Vehicles Directorate on the FALCON program, which includes the HTV-3X Blackswift hypersonic flight demonstration vehicle. The Air Vehicles Directorate also collaborated with NASA and Boeing on the initial work for the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle and the 80% scaled version, X-40A Space Maneuver Vehicle, prior to the classification of the program and", "id": "1842734" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nparts for re-use. After landing the vehicle would be refit, mated with another tank, and be ready for another mission. Hunter moved to Lockheed in the fall of 1965. On his first day he was asked if there was anything Lockheed should be looking at, and he immediately suggested development of his stage-and-a-half design. His suggestions caught the ear of Eugene Root, president of Lockheed Missiles and Space, who gave him the go-ahead to study what became known as the Star", "id": "7750834" }, { "contents": "PGM-17 Thor\n\n\ndeployment as a missile a few years after deployment, the Thor rocket found widespread use as a space launch vehicle. It was the first in a large family of space launch vehicles—the Delta rockets. The last remaining descendant of the Thor, the Delta II, was retired in 2018, and the Delta IV is based on entirely new technology, unlike the Delta II. see Project Emily Stations and Squadrons Family: Thor IRBM, Thor DM-18 (single stage LV); Thor DM-19 (rocket 1st stage), Thor", "id": "15220989" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthree of its four landing pads deployed, which caused it to tip over on its side and explode. The project has not been continued since. From 1999 to 2001 Rotary Rocket attempted to build a SSTO vehicle called the Roton. It received a large amount of media attention and a working sub-scale prototype was completed, but the design was largely impractical. There have been various approaches to SSTO, including pure rockets that are launched and land vertically, air-breathing scramjet-powered vehicles that are launched and land horizontally", "id": "10328891" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\n. The facilities for testing rockets are frequently used for testing new rocket engines including the RS-68 rocket engine developed for use on the Delta IV launch vehicle. The space propulsion area also develops technologies for use in satellites on-orbit to alter their orbits. An AFRL-developed experimental Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) arcjet was flown on the ARGOS satellite in 1999 as part of the Air Force Space Test Program. The Directorate currently manages the X-51A program, which is developing a scramjet demonstration vehicle. The X-51 program is working", "id": "1842749" }, { "contents": "Laurel van der Wal\n\n\nhonors. Her graduate education was funded in part by a National Research Council fellowship to study aeronautics in Stockholm, Sweden. As a young engineer van der Wal worked at Douglas Aircraft as a data analyst on the Nike missile program, and later designing missile systems for the Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation. Starting in 1958, she was the project engineer on three MIA (Mouse-in-Able) launches from Cape Canaveral, as head of bioastronautics at Space Technology Laboratories. She was named the \"Los Angeles Times\"'s \"", "id": "12236594" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nThe National Launch System (or New Launch System) was a study authorized in 1991 by President George H. W. Bush to outline alternatives to the Space Shuttle for access to Earth orbit. Shortly thereafter, NASA asked Lockheed Missiles and Space, McDonnell Douglas, and TRW to perform a ten-month study. A series of launch vehicles was proposed, based around the proposed Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) liquid-fuel rocket engine. The STME was to be a simplified, expendable version of the Space Shuttle main engine (", "id": "11086741" }, { "contents": "Michael R. Clifford\n\n\nfrom the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and was designated an experimental test pilot. In December 1995, Clifford retired from the army. As a military officer, Clifford was assigned to the Johnson Space Center in July 1987. As a Space Shuttle Vehicle Integration engineer, his duties involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle Program. He was involved in design certification and integration of the Shuttle Crew Escape System, and was an executive board member of the Solid Rocket Booster Postflight Assessment Team. Selected as an astronaut", "id": "18151051" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n. In the Shuttle development effort he led a team working on vehicle aerodynamics and the main engines, which included developing full-scale component tests and scaling methodologies, and applying computational fluid dynamics to overcome a wide range of aerothermochemistry problems. He was Chief of the Aerophysics Division at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center until 1992, when he became Chief Aerodynamicist at the NASA Center. He was awarded the AIAA Aerodynamics Award in 1997 for his exceptional lifetime contributions to the aerodynamic design and analysis of strategic missiles and manned/unmanned launch", "id": "21371187" }, { "contents": "Robert A. Heinlein\n\n\noften in his fiction, as do fictitious strikable self-lighting cigarettes. In 1980 Robert Heinlein was a member of the Citizens Advisory Council on National Space Policy, chaired by Jerry Pournelle, which met at the home of SF writer Larry Niven to write space policy papers for the incoming Reagan Administration. Members included such aerospace industry leaders as former astronaut Buzz Aldrin, General Daniel O. Graham, aerospace engineer Max Hunter and North American Rockwell VP for Space Shuttle development George Merrick. Policy recommendations from the Council included ballistic missile defense concepts", "id": "5599733" }, { "contents": "Wernher von Braun\n\n\nUnited States, along with about 1,600 other German scientists, engineers, and technicians, as part of Operation Paperclip. He worked for the United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) program, and he developed the rockets that launched the United States' first space satellite Explorer 1. His group was assimilated into NASA, where he served as director of the newly formed Marshall Space Flight Center and as the chief architect of the Saturn V super heavy-lift launch vehicle that propelled the Apollo spacecraft to the", "id": "15033628" }, { "contents": "Jarvis (rocket)\n\n\nJarvis was a proposed American medium-lift launch vehicle for space launch, designed by Hughes Aircraft and Boeing during the mid-1980s as part of the joint United States Air Force (USAF)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Launch System (ALS) study. Intended to utilize engines and tooling in storage from the Saturn V rocket program along with Space Shuttle components, and projected to be capable of carrying up to six satellites into multiple orbits using a single launch (e.g. GPS constellation), the proposal failed to meet the ALS", "id": "15822979" }, { "contents": "Robert F. Overmyer\n\n\nMarch 1988, he joined the Space Station Team at McDonnell Douglas Aerospace, where he led crew and operations activities for seven years. He retired from McDonnell Douglas in April 1995 and expanded the scope of Mach Twenty Five International, continuing his aerospace consultation work as well as speaking engagements and writing. Overmyer continued his career as a general aviation test pilot. Having former experience with aeronautical testing at both U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School and NASA, he joined Minnesota-based aircraft manufacturer Cirrus Design (now called Cirrus Aircraft) as", "id": "19963429" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n, nuclear-powered vehicles, and even jet-engine-powered vehicles that can fly into orbit and return landing like an airliner, completely intact. For rocket-powered SSTO, the main challenge is achieving a high enough mass-ratio to carry sufficient propellant to achieve orbit, plus a meaningful payload weight. One possibility is to give the rocket an initial speed with a space gun, as planned in the Quicklaunch project. For air-breathing SSTO, the main challenge is system complexity and associated research and development costs", "id": "10328892" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfuel for increasing efficiency once in space. Further examples of Bono's early concepts (prior to the 1990s) which were never constructed include: Around 1985 the NASP project was intended to launch a scramjet vehicle into orbit, but funding was stopped and the project cancelled. At around the same time, the HOTOL tried to use precooled jet engine technology, but failed to show significant advantages over rocket technology. The DC-X, short for Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed one-third scale vertical takeoff and landing demonstrator", "id": "10328889" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nShuttle design. The detailed study of the cost advantages of the drop tank design demonstrated a dramatic reduction in development risk, and as a result, development costs. When funding for STS development was cut, the drop tank was taken up as a way to meet the developmental budgets, leading to the semi-reusable Space Shuttle design. Maxwell Hunter was working at Douglas Aircraft where he formalized the calculation of aircraft operation economics. His methodologies were first published in 1940, and were later applied to the Douglas DC-6 and DC-7.", "id": "7750829" }, { "contents": "Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle\n\n\nThe Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle, designed for NASA's Project Mercury, was the first American crewed space booster. It was used for six sub-orbital Mercury flights from 1960–61; culminating with the launch of the first, and 11 weeks later, the second American (and the second and third humans) in space. The four subsequent Mercury human spaceflights used the more powerful Atlas booster to enter low Earth orbit. A member of the Redstone rocket family, it was derived from the U.S. Army's Redstone ballistic missile and", "id": "11828011" }, { "contents": "British Aerospace HOTOL\n\n\nspace launch system. In 1982, British Aerospace (BAe), which was Europe's principal satellite-builder, began studying a prospective new launch system with the aim of providing launch costs that were 20 per cent of the American Space Shuttle operated by NASA. BAe became aware of work by British engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce on a suitable engine, and soon conceived of an unmanned, fully reuseable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) winged spaceplane as a launch vehicle. Thus, the project had soon became", "id": "14493503" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\nrole in the civilian NASA Project Mercury, Project Gemini and Project Apollo manned space programs along with military Space Shuttle flights. The mission of the unit today is performed by the 45th Space Wing (no direct lineage). Activated in December 1950, replacing 550th Guided Missiles Wing. the 6555th had a distinguished career launching and/or managing ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and payloads for the Ballistic Systems Division, the Space Systems Division and the Space & Missile Systems Organization. As a Wing or a Group, the 6555th earned ten Air", "id": "19923442" }, { "contents": "William H. Dana\n\n\ncontributions to the lifting body program, Dana received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal. In 1976 he received the Haley Space Flight Award from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) for his research work on the M2-F3 lifting body control systems. A member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Dana is the author of several technical papers. In 1993, he was inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Honor. During the X-15 program, eight pilots flew above 264,000 feet or 50 miles, thereby qualifying as astronauts according to", "id": "8766846" }, { "contents": "USAF Hunter-Killer\n\n\nHunter-Killer is an unofficial project name based upon an \"Aviation Week & Space Technology\" article. The U.S. Air Force's Hunter-Killer program was a tactical unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV) procurement program. The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, a variant of the MQ-1 Predator won the project and was deployed in Afghanistan. This is the U.S. Air Force program for which several companies have developed vehicles. Although the J-UCAS concept is a long way from the early idea of a \"reusable cruise missile\",", "id": "18825446" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nlong as launchers were thrown away, access to space would never be affordable. Several companies had already completed early feasibility studies of fully reusable spacecraft, like the Martin Marietta Astrorocket and Douglas Astro. The designs used two flyback stages, one of which flew back to the launch point, while the other flew into orbit and landed after its mission. Hunter thought that any such design was tantamount to making two aircraft to do the job of one, and it was only the upper stage that was of any real use. By", "id": "7750831" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\ndirector of the CIA under Director William Colby and from 1974–1976 he was the director of the DIA. Ronald Reagan called upon General Graham to be his military advisor for his 1976 and 1980 campaigns. General Graham is a member of the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame. In later years, Graham devoted a lot of time to the research and development of Single-Stage To Orbit (SSTO) spacecraft in conjunction with NASA. McDonnell Douglas was awarded a contract to build an SSTO test vehicle on August 16, 1991, and named", "id": "5770548" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nBased on its experience working with Minuteman assets, Space Vector was tasked by Lockheed in 1980 to help develop the Homing Overlay Experiment (HOE) booster for the U.S. Army which would go on to become the first successful hit-to-kill intercept of a mock ballistic missile warhead outside the Earth’s atmosphere. This technology was later used by the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and expanded into the Exoatmospheric Reentry-vehicle Interception System (ERIS) program. In 1982 Space Vector was tapped by Space Services Inc. of America (", "id": "7487030" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nPhilip Bono (13 January 1921 – 23 May 1993) was a Douglas Aircraft Company engineer. He was a pioneer of reusable vertical landing single-stage to orbit launch vehicles. As a visionary designer, he is credited with inventing the first version of a recoverable single-stage spacecraft booster, and his contributions influenced spacecraft design. Bono pursued single-stage space launch as simpler and cheaper. He realized to do this he would need to use high specific impulse liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engines. Afterwards he proposed to", "id": "3522770" }, { "contents": "Vance D. Coffman\n\n\nin Aerospace Engineering of Iowa State University (ISU). Coffman had three brothers, all of which studied at ISU within the engineering and science departments. Coffman has Master's and Doctorate graduate in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University. In 1967, Coffman joined Lockheed Martin Corporation's Space Systems Division, working on the development of space programs and data processing systems for the corporation. By 1988 he was president of the Space Systems Division. He directed the Hubble Space Telescope project for Lockheed. By 1998 he was the chairman and", "id": "11284872" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n\" commercial parts and currently-available technology, but Lockheed Martin was not interested enough to fund such a program themselves. On February 15, 1989, Pournelle, Graham and Hunter were able to procure a meeting with Vice-President Dan Quayle. They \"sold\" the idea to SDIO by noting that any space-based weapons system would need to be serviced by a spacecraft that was far more reliable than the Space Shuttle, and offer lower launch costs and have much better turnaround times. Given the uncertainties of the design", "id": "15420674" }, { "contents": "Abdul Majid (physicist)\n\n\nand joined Pakistan's Space Program as a researcher in astrophysics and aeronautical labs. Majid worked under the supervision of noted Pakistani-Polish military scientist and aeronautical engineer, Air Commodore W. J. M. Turowicz, in the field of Rocket Technology and published numerous research papers. He is credited for the design and developed the Hypersonic Rocket Launch Vehicle or Hatf Missiles Series during his stay at SUPARCO. In 1983, Dr Majid was put in-charge of Satellite Development Program of Pakistan. He is widely credited for the indigenous development and launching", "id": "14780917" }, { "contents": "Martin Knutson\n\n\n's aging fleet of F-104 support aircraft with F/A-18 Hornets. He also provided leadership for numerous flight research projects including the X-29 forward-swept-wing technology demonstrator; the Controlled Impact Demonstration, the F-15 Digital Electronic Engine Control project that integrated propulsion and flight controls, the Pegasus air-launched rocket for placing small payloads into low-Earth orbit; the CV-990 Landing Systems Research aircraft that tested improved braking systems for the space shuttle; and the F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle. After the Air Force announced the impending retirement", "id": "2519508" }, { "contents": "Pioneer Rocketplane\n\n\nMissile Range Officers’ Club on May 12, 1993. The original concept was developed by then Air Force Captain Mitchell Burnside Clapp, who envisioned an aerial refueled, rocket-powered single-stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicle using jet fuel and hydrogen peroxide. This concept seemed a natural match for the Air Force's TransAtmospheric Vehicle (TAV) mission and studies began at the USAF Phillips Laboratory. Aerospace engineering legend Burt Rutan and noted aircraft designer Dan Raymer contributed input to the development of the design. During the winter of", "id": "17524030" }, { "contents": "Thor (rocket family)\n\n\nThor was a US space launch vehicle derived from the PGM-17 Thor intermediate-range ballistic missile. The Thor rocket was the first member of the Delta rocket family of space launch vehicles. The last launch of a direct derivative of the Thor missile occurred in 2018 as the first stage of the final Delta II. Thor was first used as a launch vehicle during the testing program of the warhead reentry vehicle for the Atlas missile. For these three tests a Thor core stage was topped by the Able second stage. Able used the", "id": "21158637" }, { "contents": "Boeing X-37\n\n\nThe Boeing X-37, also known as the Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), is a reusable robotic spacecraft. It is boosted into space by a launch vehicle, then re-enters Earth's atmosphere and lands as a spaceplane. The X-37 is operated by the United States Air Force for orbital spaceflight missions intended to demonstrate reusable space technologies. It is a 120%-scaled derivative of the earlier Boeing X-40. The X-37 began as a NASA project in 1999, before being transferred to the U.S. Department of Defense in 2004. Its first", "id": "12510871" }, { "contents": "LGM-25C Titan II\n\n\nThe Titan II was an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and space launcher developed by the Glenn L. Martin Company from the earlier Titan I missile. Titan II was originally designed and used as an ICBM, but was later adapted as a medium-lift space launch vehicle to carry payloads to Earth orbit for the United States Air Force (USAF), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Those payloads included the USAF Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), NOAA weather", "id": "10861471" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\non the X-33 experience shared with NASA, Lockheed Martin hoped to make the business case for a full-scale SSTO RLV, called VentureStar, that would be developed and operated through commercial means. The intention was that rather than operate space transport systems as it has with the Space Shuttle, NASA would instead look to private industry to operate the reusable launch vehicle and NASA would purchase launch services from the commercial launch provider. Thus, the X-33 was not only about honing space flight technologies, but also about successfully demonstrating the technology", "id": "9997276" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nmake these vehicles reusable. From his ROOST design onwards Bono advocated space launch vehicles without wings, usually using rocket assisted vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL). According to his estimates, wings consisted mostly of dead weight that decreased launch payload mass. He patented a reusable plug nozzle rocket engine which had dual use as a heat shield for atmospheric reentry. His early 1960s concepts influenced later designs like the 1990s Delta Clipper, also from Douglas. Philip Bono was born in Brooklyn, New York on 13 January 1921. He graduated", "id": "3522771" }, { "contents": "Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment\n\n\nof new space services and other activities that would improve U.S. economic competitiveness. The program implemented the National Space Transportation Policy, which is designed to accelerate the development of new launch technologies and concepts to contribute to the continuing commercialization of the national space launch industry. Both the X-33 and the smaller X-34 technology testbed demonstrator were under the Space Transportation Program Offices at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. The air-launched, winged X-34 also was to demonstrate technologies applicable to future-generation reusable launch vehicles designed to dramatically", "id": "20761669" }, { "contents": "Adolf Thiel\n\n\nfor the Thor ballistic missile, which became a first-stage launch for the Explorer spacecraft. He was director of space projects for TRW when it developed Explorer VI and Pioneer V, two of the earliest US craft to explore interplanetary space. He oversaw all of TRW's space programs during the 1970s. After his retirement in 1980 as a senior vice president, Thiel served as an executive consultant to TRW and on NASA planning groups. He was named a fellow of the American Astronautical Society in 1968. He married Frances Thiel", "id": "11277096" }, { "contents": "BAC Mustard\n\n\nin other space programmes, such as the American Space Shuttle. Mustard was a modular re-usable space launch system, comprising multiple copies of a single vehicle design, each of which was configured for a different role as a booster stage or an orbital spaceplane. The core vehicle design resembled the basic layout of the Douglas Astro, both being delta-winged reusable vehicles, as would the later American Space Shuttle. Furthermore, all three functioned as vertically-launched rockets and used integral wings so that they could land horizontally,", "id": "11296482" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nSSIA) to fabricate and launch the Conestoga I off Matagorda Island, Texas which became the first privately funded rocket to reach space. In 1992 Space Vector teamed with Coleman Research Corporation (now a division of L-3 Communications) and Aerotherm to provide the Army Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC) with 25 Hera target vehicles to support testing of THAAD and Patriot PAC-3 anti-ballistic missile systems. Space Vector went on to earn the distinction in 1997 as the first company to air launch a minuteman based target vehicle. The single", "id": "7487031" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n-range ballistic missile and the large Saturn I booster rocket. Following the Russian Sputnik launch, in July 1960 he moved with other von Braun rocket scientists from the Army Ballistic Missile Agency to the newly founded NASA. There, as part of the Apollo moon-landing program, he made major contributions working on the Saturn V booster rocket, on aerothermodynamics, and on liquid hydrogen propellant systems. He subsequently was involved in numerous projects contributing to the nation's manned and unmanned space flight programs, especially Skylab and the Space Shuttle", "id": "21371186" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nthe NLS-1 core stage. The NLS program did not venture beyond the planning stages and did not survive the Presidency of Bill Clinton, which started in January 1993. In 1992, Daniel Goldin was selected to replace Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly as NASA administrator. Goldin championed the motto, \"faster, better, cheaper,\" which may not have fit the ambitious NLS vision. A NASA history from 1998 says that reusable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) rockets and space planes such as the McDonnell Douglas DC", "id": "11086743" }, { "contents": "Gary Hudson (engineer)\n\n\nGary Hudson has been involved in private spaceflight development for over 40 years. Hudson is best known as the founder of Rotary Rocket Company, which in spending ~$30 Million attempted to build a unique single stage to orbit launch vehicle known as the Roton. Rotary Rocket built a landing test simulator (the Roton ATV) which flew three successful test flights in 1999. He also helped found Transformational Space T/Space in 2004. He also helped found AirLaunch LLC which was awarded the DARPA/USAF FALCON project in 2003. Previous projects", "id": "10746924" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nof Space Shuttle Columbia touched down on Rogers Dry Lakebed, with Astronauts John Young and Robert Crippin successfully landing the first orbiting space vehicle ever to leave the Earth under rocket power and return to Earth aerodynamically for re-use. The \"Flying Wing\" returned to Edwards in the late 1980s when the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber began testing, and at a remote site, the F-117A Nighthawk stealth fighter. Air-Launched Cruise Missile, and LANTIRN systems were also tested during the 1980s. The 1990s saw the arrival of the Lockheed", "id": "14946576" }, { "contents": "Jerry Pournelle\n\n\nof making recommendation to the US Air Force on investment in technologies required to build the missile force to be deployed in 1975. After Project 75 was completed Pournelle became manager of several advanced concept studies. At North American Rockwell’s Space Division, Pournelle was associate director of operations research, where he took part in the Apollo program and general operations. He was founding President of the Pepperdine Research Institute. In 1989, Pournelle, Max Hunter, and retired Army Lieutenant General Daniel O. Graham made a presentation to then Vice President Dan", "id": "16491387" }, { "contents": "United States Air Force Plant 42\n\n\nby McDonnell Douglas, St. Louis, Missouri, and transported by aircraft to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. They were also transported by aircraft from Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility to the Kennedy Space Center. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration had been paying the Air Force for use of Plant 42 facilities for the shuttle work. NASA decided in February 2002 to shift space shuttle overhaul and modification work from Palmdale to Florida. Current projects include design, engineering, pre-production, production, modification, flight testing, servicing and repair", "id": "9173070" }, { "contents": "William C. Schwartz\n\n\nspace vehicles and orbital calculations. He was a member of the founding group within NAA involved with the development of space vehicles and which developed the Apollo program. In the early 1960s, he moved to The Martin Company (later Martin Marietta and now Lockheed Martin), where he managed three departments, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Human Factors for the missile developer. It was during this period that he became involved in laser research and development. Shortly after the invention of the laser in 1960, Martin recognized its potential in", "id": "13650865" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthat could lead to an SSTO vehicle. The one-third-size test craft was operated and maintained by a small team of three people based out of a trailer, and the craft was once relaunched less than 24 hours after landing. Although the test program was not without mishap (including a minor explosion), the DC-X demonstrated that the maintenance aspects of the concept were sound. That project was cancelled when it landed with three of four legs deployed, tipped over, and exploded on the fourth flight after", "id": "10328911" }, { "contents": "Marti Sarigul-Klijn\n\n\nDr. Marti Sarigul-Klijn is an expert at rapidly designing, fabricating, and test flying proof-of-concept prototypes. He holds a Ph.D. in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and is a graduate of the United States Naval Test Pilot School and the United States Naval Academy. After completing twenty years in the Navy with the final rank of Commander, he has since worked on over 20 design proposals that include aircraft, UAV's, rocket propulsion, and space launch vehicles. Seven of these proposals continued to", "id": "11065599" }, { "contents": "Jerauld R. Gentry\n\n\nJerauld Richard \"Jerry\" Gentry (May 16, 1935 – March 3, 2003) was a United States Air Force (USAF) test pilot and Vietnam combat veteran. As chief USAF pilot of the Lifting Body Research Program, he helped validate the concept of flying a wingless vehicle back to Earth from space and landing it like an aircraft—an approach used by the Space Shuttle and to a greater degree by vehicles such as the Lockheed Martin X-33 and NASA X-38. Gentry completed thirty lifting body flights including the first flight", "id": "21488944" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nlifting body shape, composite multi-lobed liquid fuel tanks, and the aerospike engine, NASA and Lockheed Martin hoped to test fly a craft that would demonstrate the viability of a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) design. A spacecraft capable of reaching orbit in a single stage would not require external fuel tanks or boosters to reach low Earth orbit. Doing away with the need for \"staging\" with launch vehicles, such as with the Shuttle and the Apollo rockets, would lead to an inherently more reliable", "id": "9997271" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfor a proposed SSTO. It is one of only a few prototype SSTO vehicles ever built. Several other prototypes were intended, including the DC-X2 (a half-scale prototype) and the DC-Y, a full-scale vehicle which would be capable of single stage insertion into orbit. Neither of these were built, but the project was taken over by NASA in 1995, and they built the DC-XA, an upgraded one-third scale prototype. This vehicle was lost when it landed with only", "id": "10328890" }, { "contents": "Landing gear\n\n\ne.g., the Space Shuttle, or the USAF X-37), landing gear have been largely absent from orbital vehicles during the early decades since the advent of spaceflight technology, when orbital space transport has been the exclusive preserve of national-monopoly governmental space programs. Each spaceflight system to date has relied on expendable boosters to begin each ascent to orbital velocity. Recent advances in private space transport, where new competition to governmental space initiatives has emerged, have included the explicit design of landing gear into orbital booster rockets. SpaceX has initiated", "id": "10876701" }, { "contents": "Eric Boe\n\n\ninvolves work with displays and controls for future space vehicles. He made his first trip to space as pilot of during STS-126 on November 14, 2008. Boe flew his second space flight as pilot on STS-133, the final scheduled flight of the Space Shuttle \"Discovery\" and the third-to-last flight of the Space Shuttle program. In August 2012, Boe was named Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office. In July 2015, NASA announced Boe as one of the first astronauts for U.S. Commercial spaceflights. Subsequently, he", "id": "14264618" }, { "contents": "Melvin B. Zisfein\n\n\nMelvin B. Zisfein (1926-1995) was an aircraft designer and a Deputy Director of the U.S. National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC. Zisfein graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with degrees in aeronautical engineering (B.S. 1948; M.S. 1948) and worked as a designer, aerodynamicist, and manager for aircraft companies from then until 1966. He was associate director of the Franklin Institute Research Laboratories from 1966 to 1971. From 1971 to 1982 he served as the deputy director of the National Air and Space Museum,", "id": "1801139" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nselected from the Air Force's test pilot cadre. Additionally, the AFTC assisted with the testing of rocket engines and re-entry vehicles. Along with the X-15, pilots at Edwards were expanding the frontiers of atmospheric flight, testing the XB-70 Valkyrie high-altitude bomber, along with the YF-12 interceptor for Air Defense Command and the SR-71 Blackbird Strategic Reconnaissance aircraft for Strategic Air Command. With the decline of the military manned space mission after the NASA Lunar Landing Program ended, the Aerospace Research Pilot School was once again re-", "id": "14946574" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nDC-X were hired by Blue Origin, and their New Shepard vehicle was inspired by the DC-X design. Blue Origin does not require the high cross range capabilities, and therefore uses a base-first re-entry profile. Also, the DC-X provided inspiration for many elements of Armadillo Aerospace's, Masten Space Systems's, and TGV Rockets's spacecraft designs. Some NASA engineers believe that the DC-X could provide a solution for a crewed Mars lander. Had a DC-type craft been", "id": "15420693" }, { "contents": "Rockwell X-30\n\n\nThe Rockwell X-30 was an advanced technology demonstrator project for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP), part of a United States project to create a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spacecraft and passenger spaceliner. It was cancelled in the early 1990s before a prototype was completed, although much development work in advanced materials and aerospace design was completed. While a goal of a future NASP was a passenger liner capable of two-hour flights from Washington to Tokyo, the X-30 was planned for a crew of", "id": "16588465" }, { "contents": "SpaceDev\n\n\nSpaceDev, a part of the \"Space Systems Business\" of Sierra Nevada Corporation, is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work. It designed and built components for the hybrid rocket motors for Paul Allen's Tier One suborbital SpaceShipOne space program operated by Scaled Composites. It is also developing micro- and nano-satellites, a small expendable launch vehicle, the SpaceDev Streaker, and has designed a piloted suborbital and orbital spaceship of its own, the SpaceDev Dream Chaser, in collaboration with NASA. SpaceDev is based near San Diego in", "id": "16321029" }, { "contents": "Glenn L. Martin Company\n\n\nby the American space program as one of its first satellite booster rockets as part of Project Vanguard. The Vanguard was the first American space exploration rocket designed from scratch to be an orbital launch vehicle — rather than being a modified sounding rocket (like the Juno I) or a ballistic missile (like the U.S. Army's Redstone missile). Martin also designed and manufactured the huge and heavily armed Titan I and LGM-25C Titan II Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). Martin Company of Orlando, Florida, was the prime contractor for", "id": "10667744" }, { "contents": "Shuttlecraft (Star Trek)\n\n\nplanetary surface and space. Wernher Von Braun in the 1950s conceived of a reusable winged spacecraft as a ferry rocket. Plans for such vehicles were referred to as \"DC-3\" by spacecraft designer Maxime Faget and Integrated Launch and Reentry Vehicle (ILRV) by NASA. During the late 1960s, while \"\" was being broadcast, these concepts became known as Space Shuttle. In a speech given to the British Interplanetary Society in August 1968 George Mueller, head of the NASA Office of Manned Space Flight, mentioned the need for a", "id": "13203374" }, { "contents": "The Aerospace Corporation\n\n\n. Gen. Bernard A. Schriever announced the \"formation of a new nonprofit organization, The Aerospace Corporation, to serve the Air Force in the scientific and technical planning and management of missile-space programs.\" Among the earliest projects it supported were the Dyna-Soar orbital spaceplane, Project Mercury, and the man-rating of the Atlas (rocket) intercontinental ballistic missile. The Aerospace Corporation provided general systems engineering and technical direction for the Titan II missile, first tested in 1962, which became the launch vehicle for Project Gemini", "id": "15141218" }, { "contents": "Timothy Creamer\n\n\nPrior to his astronaut selection in 1998, he had been working as a space operations officer, with the Army Space Command, stationed in Houston, Texas. He is now the Army’s NASA Detachment commander. Creamer was assigned to NASA at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in July 1995 as a Space Shuttle vehicle integration test engineer. His duties primarily involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle. He was actively involved in the integrated tests of the systems for each Orbiter for its preparations for its", "id": "7264360" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nof the rocket, the Clipper Graham soared into the skies over the old White Sands Missile Range to a height of 3,120 meters (10,300 ft) and stayed in the air for over two minutes before landing. That flight was the highest and longest the vehicle had ever flown until then. Robert A. Heinlein dedicated his 1985 novel The Cat Who Walks Through Walls to Graham and eight of the other members of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy. Graham was chairman of the American Space Frontier Committee, the Coalition for", "id": "5770554" }, { "contents": "SpaceX\n\n\nhas one of the largest concentrations of aerospace headquarters, facilities, and/or subsidiaries in the U.S., including Boeing/McDonnell Douglas main satellite building campuses, Aerospace Corp., Raytheon, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Air Force Space Command's Space and Missile Systems Center at Los Angeles Air Force Base, Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems, Northrop Grumman, and AECOM, etc., with a large pool of aerospace engineers and recent college engineering graduates. SpaceX utilizes a high degree of vertical integration in the production of its rockets and rocket", "id": "10001424" }, { "contents": "William H. Gerstenmaier\n\n\n1980, Gerstenmaier moved to Houston, Texas, to work at the Johnson Space Center, researching propulsion related to the Space Shuttle, and was involved in the earliest phases of the International Space Station design. In 1984, he was a semi-finalist in the selection for NASA Astronaut Group 10. In 1988, he first served as manager of Space Shuttle Program Integration, and then went on to serve as head of the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle Operations Office. Following that, he became Director of Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom", "id": "13055214" }, { "contents": "Bruno Augenstein\n\n\nBruno Wilhelm Augenstein (March 16, 1923 – July 6, 2005) was a German-born mathematician and physicist who made important contributions in space technology, ballistic missile research, satellites, antimatter, and many other areas. Augenstein worked in the Aerophysics Laboratory at North American Aviation on diverse projects including weaponization of the V-2 rocket, a ramjet-powered vehicle that later became the Navajo missile. He entered RAND Corporation as a consultant and subcontractor in 1949. Initially at RAND he developed an interest in long range missiles. Augenstein", "id": "1664472" }, { "contents": "Robert R. Gilruth\n\n\nRobert Rowe Gilruth (October 8, 1913 – August 17, 2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. He worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics from 1937 to 1958 and its successor NASA, until his retirement in 1973. He was involved with early research into supersonic flight and rocket-powered aircraft, and then with the United States manned space program, including the Mercury, Gemini", "id": "19875506" } ]

[ { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nMaxwell White Hunter II (March 11, 1922 – November 10, 2001) was a prominent American aerospace engineer. He worked on the design of the Douglas B-42 and Douglas B-43 bombers, the Honest John, Nike-Ajax, and Nike-Zeus missiles, the Thor IRBM, and on parts of the Strategic Defense Initiative. In later years he worked on space-launch vehicles and was a proponent of Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) designs. He was honored in 1995 by the National Space Society", "id": "13829898" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvariety of projects including parts of the mammoth Strategic Defense Initiative. SDI gave him a chance at realizing a dream he had nurtured since the 1960s: the construction of a Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle. In 1984, Hunter proposed a vehicle he called the X-rocket, based on those earlier SSTO designs. The design was reviewed by LMSC's Astronautics Division (AD), which judged it worth pursuing, and by its Missile Systems Division (MSD), which did not. LMSC then", "id": "13829902" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\npayloads into Earth orbit today. After working for Douglas Aircraft from 1944 to 1961, Hunter joined the staff of the National Aeronautics and Space Council, a group that advised the U.S. president on space policy. Following several years in that position, he went back to the aerospace industry in 1965, spending over two decades with Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (LMSC). (LMSC was a division of Lockheed Corporation, which merged with Martin Marietta in 1995 to become Lockheed-Martin.) At LMSC, Hunter worked on a", "id": "13829901" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nspace systems. In this position he oversaw the production of military missiles including the Honest John artillery rocket, the Nike antiaircraft missile, and the Sparrow air-to-air missile. Douglas Aircraft began work on the Thor, an early Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM), in late 1955 and put Hunter in charge of that program. He assembled a small team of crack designers and brought the development to success in a short time. Thor became the basis of the McDonnell Douglas Delta rocket, whose descendants are still boosting", "id": "13829900" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nand High Frontier convinced SDI management and other national officials that a study should be initiated to determine once and for all the feasibility of SSTO vehicles for military missions. This led to a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) program to design a single-stage vehicle that could replace military satellites on short notice during a national emergency. This vehicle was known as the Delta Clipper. McDonnell Douglas Corporation was contracted to build and test fly a one-third-scale, suborbital testbed called the DC-X, or Delta Clipper", "id": "13829904" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvehicle tipped over at landing. Funding to make repairs and continue flight tests was not made available. Max Hunter continued to advise on space policy issues and advocate the building of SSTO vehicles for airline-like access to space, a goal he was sure could be attained. He chaired the Rules Committee for the Ansari X Prize, announced in 1996, a $10 million prize for the first reusable craft to reach space twice within two weeks without substantial refit. In October 2000, he agreed to serve as Chairman of the", "id": "13829906" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nExperimental. While not capable of spaceflight, the DC-X incorporated many of the technologies needed for an SSTO vehicle, including highly automated systems enabling a quick turnaround (just twenty-six hours) between launches. It made eight successful test flights between August 18, 1993, and July 7, 1995, and then was taken over by NASA and flown four times as the DC-XA between May 18 and July 31, 1996. It was damaged on its last flight when one landing strut failed to deploy and the", "id": "13829905" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nfor lifelong contributions to the technology of spaceflight. Maxwell Hunter was born in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania and graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in that state with a degree in physics and mathematics. In 1944, he earned a Master's Degree in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). After earning his MS from MIT, Hunter went to work for the Douglas Aircraft Company. He became their chief designer in aeronautics, working on modifications of the B-42 and B-43 bombers. Later he was promoted to chief engineer for", "id": "13829899" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\ndeclined to support further work on the X-rocket, and Hunter retired. As an independent consultant, he renamed the concept SSX (for Space Ship Experimental), and began to refine it. In December 1988 the ad hoc Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy was briefed on the concept by Hunter and others. The general concept was endorsed by the Council and by High Frontier, Inc., a Washington-based group headed by Lt. Gen. Daniel O. Graham that lobbied for SDI programs. Working together, Hunter", "id": "13829903" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nAdvisory Board for the Undersea Hotel Project of the Cala Corporation. He died at Stanford Hospital, Stanford, California on the evening of November 10, 2001 after a lingering illness. Max Hunter was Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Beta Pi, and a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), the American Astronautical Society (AAS), and the British Interplanetary Society (BIS). He was also a member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) and an honorary member of the Japanese Rocket Society", "id": "13829907" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nThe DC-X, short for Delta Clipper or Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed prototype of a reusable single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle built by McDonnell Douglas in conjunction with the United States Department of Defense's Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) from 1991 to 1993. Starting 1994 until 1995, testing continued through funding of the US civil space agency NASA. In 1996, the DC-X technology was completely transferred to NASA, which upgraded the design for improved performance to create the DC-XA", "id": "15420672" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nvehicles was prepared by Chrysler Corporation's Space Division in 1970–1971 under NASA contract NAS8-26341. Their proposal (Shuttle SERV) was an enormous vehicle with more than of payload, utilizing jet engines for (vertical) landing. While the technical problems seemed to be solvable, the USAF required a winged design that led to the Shuttle as we know it today. The uncrewed DC-X technology demonstrator, originally developed by McDonnell Douglas for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program office, was an attempt to build a vehicle", "id": "10328910" }, { "contents": "David Urie\n\n\nsystem before initiating and heading the Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) and X-33 Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Programs at Lockheed. Urie's work as the program manager for the previously classified Have Region project demonstrated that rocket-powered single-stage-to-orbit vehicles were technically feasible, which led to the Lockheed Martin SSTO design approach. As a Director of the Lockheed-Martin Skunk Works SSTO/RLV Advanced Technology Demonstration Program, Urie conceived and developed the aerospike rocket propelled lifting body that was selected by NASA as", "id": "20876395" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nearly stages of flight; and flight within Earth's atmosphere, which limits speed in the early stages of flight and influences engine performance. Additionally, the retirement of NASA's Shuttle launch vehicle has resulted in a substantial reduction in the cost to launch a kilogram of payload to either low Earth orbit or the International Space Station, removing the main projected advantage of the SSTO concept. Notable single stage to orbit concepts include Skylon, the DC-X, the Lockheed Martin X-33, and the Roton SSTO. However, despite showing", "id": "10328885" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nThe Lockheed Martin X-33 was an uncrewed, sub-scale technology demonstrator suborbital spaceplane developed in the 1990s under the U.S. government-funded Space Launch Initiative program. The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for the VentureStar orbital spaceplane, which was planned to be a next-generation, commercially operated reusable launch vehicle. The X-33 would flight-test a range of technologies that NASA believed it needed for single-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicles (SSTO RLVs), such as metallic thermal protection systems, composite cryogenic fuel tanks", "id": "9997267" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n. During the 1960s some of the first concept designs for this kind of craft began to emerge. One of the earliest SSTO concepts was the expendable One stage Orbital Space Truck (OOST) proposed by Philip Bono, an engineer for Douglas Aircraft Company. A reusable version named ROOST was also proposed. Another early SSTO concept was a reusable launch vehicle named NEXUS which was proposed by Krafft Arnold Ehricke in the early 1960s. It was one of the largest spacecraft ever conceptualized with a diameter of over 50 metres and the capability to", "id": "10328887" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n. According to writer Jerry Pournelle: \"DC-X was conceived in my living room and sold to National Space Council Chairman Dan Quayle by General Graham, Max Hunter and me.\" According to Max Hunter, however, he had tried hard to convince Lockheed Martin of the concept's value for several years before he retired. Hunter had written a paper in 1985 entitled \"The Opportunity\", detailing the concept of a Single-Stage-To-Orbit spacecraft built with low-cost \"off-the-shelf", "id": "15420673" }, { "contents": "Rob Meyerson\n\n\nInitiative contract with NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. Meyerson launched his career as an aerospace engineer at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) from 1985 to 1997 working on human spaceflight systems, including the aerodynamic design of the Space Shuttle orbiter drag parachute, as well as the overall design, integration, and flight test of a gliding parachute for the X-38 Crew Rescue Vehicle, a crew return vehicle designed to return astronauts to earth from the International Space Station. Meyerson began with NASA in 1985 as a cooperative education student at JSC", "id": "8603673" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nfor the X-33 was selected over competing concepts from Boeing and McDonnell Douglas. Boeing proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design, and McDonnell Douglas proposed a design based on its vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL) DC-XA test vehicle. The uncrewed X-33 was slated to fly 15 suborbital hops to near 75.8 km altitude. It was to be launched upright like a rocket and rather than having a straight flight path it would fly diagonally up for half the flight, reaching extremely high altitudes, and then for the rest of the", "id": "9997274" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nThe methodologies were later adopted as a standard by the Air Transport Association. He later joined the Thor missile project as the chief design engineer, and this introduced him to the world of space launchers. With new upper stages, Thor became the Delta, one of the most-used launchers in the 1960s. In spite of Thor's success, Hunter was dissatisfied with the state of the launcher market and later wrote that \"by the end of 1963 the state of recoverable rockets was terrible.\" He was convinced that as", "id": "7750830" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nit the DC-X for Delta Clipper Experimental. The name honored the firm's successful Thor/Delta rocket and recalled the famous 19th-century commercial clipper ships. The McDonnell Douglas SSTO team saw the Delta Clipper as opening the \"space trade routes in the same way that the Yankee Clipper ships opened the sea trade routes.\" The needs of the commercial launch industry thus were integral to the thinking of the McDonnell Douglas DC-X team. General Graham envisioned the DC-X as the perfect inexpensive launch and delivery", "id": "5770549" }, { "contents": "George Huebner\n\n\nproduce intercontinental ballistic missiles. Huebner was named executive engineer in charge of Chrysler's Missile Branch. At the time he was serving as executive engineer of research for Chrysler in their automotive division. He developed a complete research and development missile facility that included engineering, testing, and production of the Redstone rocket. These rockets ultimately launched into orbit the first U.S. satellites and the first manned space flights. Huebner worked closely with Wernher von Braun on the space program. For two years he worked on this rocket project and then went back", "id": "15004097" }, { "contents": "Reusable launch system\n\n\nthe McDonnell Douglas Delta Clipper VTOL SSTO proposal progressed to the testing phase. The DC-X prototype demonstrated rapid turnaround time and automatic computer control. In mid-1990, British research evolved an earlier HOTOL design into the far more promising Skylon design, which remains in development. From the commercial side, Rocketplane Kistler and Rotary Rocket attempted to build reusable privately developed rockets before going bankrupt. NASA proposed risky reusable concepts to replace the Shuttle technology, to be demonstrated under the X-33 and X-34 programs, which were both cancelled in the early", "id": "19421229" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\na number of SSTO advocates to reconsider hydrogen as a satisfactory fuel. The late Max Hunter, while employing hydrogen fuel in the DC-X, often said that he thought the first successful orbital SSTO would more likely be fueled by propane. Some SSTO concepts use the same engine for all altitudes, which is a problem for traditional engines with a bell-shaped nozzle. Depending on the atmospheric pressure, different bell shapes are optimal. Engines operating in the lower atmosphere have shorter bells than those designed to work in vacuum.", "id": "10328899" }, { "contents": "George Mueller (NASA)\n\n\ndesigns ranged from 'simple' concepts like Martin Marietta's six person reusable craft similar to the Dyna-Soar (launched by a Titan III-M), to partially reusable concepts like Lockheed's Star Clipper or Tip Tank from McDonnell Douglas, to fully reusable two-stage vehicles like the one proposed by General Dynamics. Following this symposium Mueller continued to champion a \"space shuttle\". He did not invent the term, but he made it his own. He was also a keen proponent of space stations and was", "id": "16249187" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nIn October 2000, Beal Aerospace ceased operations citing a decision by NASA and the Department of Defense to commit themselves to the development of the competing government-financed EELV program. In 1998 Rotary Rocket proposed the Roton, a Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) piloted Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) space transport. A full scale Roton Atmospheric Test Vehicle flew three times in 1999. After spending tens of millions of dollars in development the Roton failed to secure launch contracts and Rotary Rocket ceased operations in 2001. On", "id": "288621" }, { "contents": "List of human spaceflight programs\n\n\ncommissioned by the Russian Aerospace Agency since 1993. The Kankoh-maru (観光丸? Kankōmaru) is the name of a proposed vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL), single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), reusable launch system (rocket-powered spacecraft). The Ansari X Prize was a space competition in which the X Prize Foundation offered a US$10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable crewed spacecraft into space twice within two weeks. Twenty-six teams from around the world", "id": "19978394" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nby 2016, and some space ventures have had to turn away investor funding. After earlier first effort of OTRAG, in the 1990s the projection of a significant demand for communications satellite launches attracted the development of a number of commercial space launch providers. The launch demand largely vanished when some of the largest satellite constellations, such as 288 satellite Teledesic network, were never built. In 1996 NASA selected Lockheed Martin Skunk Works to build the X-33 VentureStar prototype for a single stage to orbit (SSTO) reusable launch vehicle. In 1999", "id": "288619" }, { "contents": "James Smith McDonnell\n\n\nMcDonnell Aircraft Corporation in 1939. Headquartered in St. Louis, the company quickly grew into a principal supplier of fighter aircraft to the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy, including the F-4 Phantom II fighter and the Mercury and Gemini space capsules. In 1967, McDonnell Aircraft merged with the Douglas Aircraft Company to create McDonnell Douglas. Later that year Douglas Aircraft Company's space and missiles division became part of a new subsidiary called McDonnell Douglas Astronautics, located in Huntington Beach, California, producing the Delta series of launch vehicles. The new", "id": "21028393" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\ndeath, the first launch vehicle based on his designs, the McDonnell Douglas DC-X (Delta Clipper) began a largely successful series of test flights. The DC-X was a vertical-takeoff and vertical landing vehicle. The series of test flights began on 18 August 1993 and continued until the upgraded version of the launch vehicle (renamed the DC-XA) tipped over on landing on July 31, 1996. Among Bono's visionary designs was a 1960 Boeing design for a manned Mars spacecraft capable of carrying a", "id": "3522773" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\neight Block II satellites for flights on the new Delta II expendable Medium Launch Vehicle in lieu of the Space Shuttle. Space Division awarded the Medium Launch Vehicle (MLV) contract to McDonnell-Douglas Astronautics Company on 21 January 1987. However, unlike earlier commercial arrangements, the company would no longer be under contract to NASA. Under the new Commercial Expendable Launch Vehicle program encouraged by president Ronald Reagan since 1983, McDonnell-Douglas would be responsible for producing, marketing and launching its commercial Delta IIs. The Air Force would be", "id": "19923501" }, { "contents": "Mel Hunter\n\n\nfor the years 1960-1962. As Hunter's science fiction career blossomed, so did his technical and scientific illustrations. Hunter's love of air and space took him from California's desert runways to Florida's seacoast launchpads to illustrate every variety of jet-age aircraft and space-age rocket imaginable—from X-15 to Saturn V. One of Hunter's best-known books is \"The Missilemen\", a photo illustrated work published in 1960 by Doubleday. Hunter visited U.S. rocket and missile sites during the late 1950s; he", "id": "20560131" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\na single-stage-to-orbit vehicle. Five companies expressed interest and proposed concepts. Three (LM, Rockwell and McDonnell Douglas) were selected for workup into more detailed proposals. Rockwell proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design. It would have used one Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) and two RL-10-5A engines. In a subsequent full-scale system to reach orbit Rockwell planned to use six Rocketdyne RS-2100 engines. McDonnell Douglas featured a design using liquid oxygen/hydrogen bell engines based on its vertical takeoff", "id": "9997282" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\nresearch ways to make more efficient use of the wing surface during high-speed maneuvers. The Directorate is also a collaborator with DARPA, the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Sandia National Laboratories and AFRL's Space Vehicles Directorate on the FALCON program, which includes the HTV-3X Blackswift hypersonic flight demonstration vehicle. The Air Vehicles Directorate also collaborated with NASA and Boeing on the initial work for the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle and the 80% scaled version, X-40A Space Maneuver Vehicle, prior to the classification of the program and", "id": "1842734" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nparts for re-use. After landing the vehicle would be refit, mated with another tank, and be ready for another mission. Hunter moved to Lockheed in the fall of 1965. On his first day he was asked if there was anything Lockheed should be looking at, and he immediately suggested development of his stage-and-a-half design. His suggestions caught the ear of Eugene Root, president of Lockheed Missiles and Space, who gave him the go-ahead to study what became known as the Star", "id": "7750834" }, { "contents": "PGM-17 Thor\n\n\ndeployment as a missile a few years after deployment, the Thor rocket found widespread use as a space launch vehicle. It was the first in a large family of space launch vehicles—the Delta rockets. The last remaining descendant of the Thor, the Delta II, was retired in 2018, and the Delta IV is based on entirely new technology, unlike the Delta II. see Project Emily Stations and Squadrons Family: Thor IRBM, Thor DM-18 (single stage LV); Thor DM-19 (rocket 1st stage), Thor", "id": "15220989" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthree of its four landing pads deployed, which caused it to tip over on its side and explode. The project has not been continued since. From 1999 to 2001 Rotary Rocket attempted to build a SSTO vehicle called the Roton. It received a large amount of media attention and a working sub-scale prototype was completed, but the design was largely impractical. There have been various approaches to SSTO, including pure rockets that are launched and land vertically, air-breathing scramjet-powered vehicles that are launched and land horizontally", "id": "10328891" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\n. The facilities for testing rockets are frequently used for testing new rocket engines including the RS-68 rocket engine developed for use on the Delta IV launch vehicle. The space propulsion area also develops technologies for use in satellites on-orbit to alter their orbits. An AFRL-developed experimental Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) arcjet was flown on the ARGOS satellite in 1999 as part of the Air Force Space Test Program. The Directorate currently manages the X-51A program, which is developing a scramjet demonstration vehicle. The X-51 program is working", "id": "1842749" }, { "contents": "Laurel van der Wal\n\n\nhonors. Her graduate education was funded in part by a National Research Council fellowship to study aeronautics in Stockholm, Sweden. As a young engineer van der Wal worked at Douglas Aircraft as a data analyst on the Nike missile program, and later designing missile systems for the Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation. Starting in 1958, she was the project engineer on three MIA (Mouse-in-Able) launches from Cape Canaveral, as head of bioastronautics at Space Technology Laboratories. She was named the \"Los Angeles Times\"'s \"", "id": "12236594" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nThe National Launch System (or New Launch System) was a study authorized in 1991 by President George H. W. Bush to outline alternatives to the Space Shuttle for access to Earth orbit. Shortly thereafter, NASA asked Lockheed Missiles and Space, McDonnell Douglas, and TRW to perform a ten-month study. A series of launch vehicles was proposed, based around the proposed Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) liquid-fuel rocket engine. The STME was to be a simplified, expendable version of the Space Shuttle main engine (", "id": "11086741" }, { "contents": "Michael R. Clifford\n\n\nfrom the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and was designated an experimental test pilot. In December 1995, Clifford retired from the army. As a military officer, Clifford was assigned to the Johnson Space Center in July 1987. As a Space Shuttle Vehicle Integration engineer, his duties involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle Program. He was involved in design certification and integration of the Shuttle Crew Escape System, and was an executive board member of the Solid Rocket Booster Postflight Assessment Team. Selected as an astronaut", "id": "18151051" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n. In the Shuttle development effort he led a team working on vehicle aerodynamics and the main engines, which included developing full-scale component tests and scaling methodologies, and applying computational fluid dynamics to overcome a wide range of aerothermochemistry problems. He was Chief of the Aerophysics Division at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center until 1992, when he became Chief Aerodynamicist at the NASA Center. He was awarded the AIAA Aerodynamics Award in 1997 for his exceptional lifetime contributions to the aerodynamic design and analysis of strategic missiles and manned/unmanned launch", "id": "21371187" }, { "contents": "Robert A. Heinlein\n\n\noften in his fiction, as do fictitious strikable self-lighting cigarettes. In 1980 Robert Heinlein was a member of the Citizens Advisory Council on National Space Policy, chaired by Jerry Pournelle, which met at the home of SF writer Larry Niven to write space policy papers for the incoming Reagan Administration. Members included such aerospace industry leaders as former astronaut Buzz Aldrin, General Daniel O. Graham, aerospace engineer Max Hunter and North American Rockwell VP for Space Shuttle development George Merrick. Policy recommendations from the Council included ballistic missile defense concepts", "id": "5599733" }, { "contents": "Wernher von Braun\n\n\nUnited States, along with about 1,600 other German scientists, engineers, and technicians, as part of Operation Paperclip. He worked for the United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) program, and he developed the rockets that launched the United States' first space satellite Explorer 1. His group was assimilated into NASA, where he served as director of the newly formed Marshall Space Flight Center and as the chief architect of the Saturn V super heavy-lift launch vehicle that propelled the Apollo spacecraft to the", "id": "15033628" }, { "contents": "Jarvis (rocket)\n\n\nJarvis was a proposed American medium-lift launch vehicle for space launch, designed by Hughes Aircraft and Boeing during the mid-1980s as part of the joint United States Air Force (USAF)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Launch System (ALS) study. Intended to utilize engines and tooling in storage from the Saturn V rocket program along with Space Shuttle components, and projected to be capable of carrying up to six satellites into multiple orbits using a single launch (e.g. GPS constellation), the proposal failed to meet the ALS", "id": "15822979" }, { "contents": "Robert F. Overmyer\n\n\nMarch 1988, he joined the Space Station Team at McDonnell Douglas Aerospace, where he led crew and operations activities for seven years. He retired from McDonnell Douglas in April 1995 and expanded the scope of Mach Twenty Five International, continuing his aerospace consultation work as well as speaking engagements and writing. Overmyer continued his career as a general aviation test pilot. Having former experience with aeronautical testing at both U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School and NASA, he joined Minnesota-based aircraft manufacturer Cirrus Design (now called Cirrus Aircraft) as", "id": "19963429" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n, nuclear-powered vehicles, and even jet-engine-powered vehicles that can fly into orbit and return landing like an airliner, completely intact. For rocket-powered SSTO, the main challenge is achieving a high enough mass-ratio to carry sufficient propellant to achieve orbit, plus a meaningful payload weight. One possibility is to give the rocket an initial speed with a space gun, as planned in the Quicklaunch project. For air-breathing SSTO, the main challenge is system complexity and associated research and development costs", "id": "10328892" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfuel for increasing efficiency once in space. Further examples of Bono's early concepts (prior to the 1990s) which were never constructed include: Around 1985 the NASP project was intended to launch a scramjet vehicle into orbit, but funding was stopped and the project cancelled. At around the same time, the HOTOL tried to use precooled jet engine technology, but failed to show significant advantages over rocket technology. The DC-X, short for Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed one-third scale vertical takeoff and landing demonstrator", "id": "10328889" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nShuttle design. The detailed study of the cost advantages of the drop tank design demonstrated a dramatic reduction in development risk, and as a result, development costs. When funding for STS development was cut, the drop tank was taken up as a way to meet the developmental budgets, leading to the semi-reusable Space Shuttle design. Maxwell Hunter was working at Douglas Aircraft where he formalized the calculation of aircraft operation economics. His methodologies were first published in 1940, and were later applied to the Douglas DC-6 and DC-7.", "id": "7750829" }, { "contents": "Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle\n\n\nThe Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle, designed for NASA's Project Mercury, was the first American crewed space booster. It was used for six sub-orbital Mercury flights from 1960–61; culminating with the launch of the first, and 11 weeks later, the second American (and the second and third humans) in space. The four subsequent Mercury human spaceflights used the more powerful Atlas booster to enter low Earth orbit. A member of the Redstone rocket family, it was derived from the U.S. Army's Redstone ballistic missile and", "id": "11828011" }, { "contents": "British Aerospace HOTOL\n\n\nspace launch system. In 1982, British Aerospace (BAe), which was Europe's principal satellite-builder, began studying a prospective new launch system with the aim of providing launch costs that were 20 per cent of the American Space Shuttle operated by NASA. BAe became aware of work by British engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce on a suitable engine, and soon conceived of an unmanned, fully reuseable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) winged spaceplane as a launch vehicle. Thus, the project had soon became", "id": "14493503" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\nrole in the civilian NASA Project Mercury, Project Gemini and Project Apollo manned space programs along with military Space Shuttle flights. The mission of the unit today is performed by the 45th Space Wing (no direct lineage). Activated in December 1950, replacing 550th Guided Missiles Wing. the 6555th had a distinguished career launching and/or managing ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and payloads for the Ballistic Systems Division, the Space Systems Division and the Space & Missile Systems Organization. As a Wing or a Group, the 6555th earned ten Air", "id": "19923442" }, { "contents": "William H. Dana\n\n\ncontributions to the lifting body program, Dana received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal. In 1976 he received the Haley Space Flight Award from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) for his research work on the M2-F3 lifting body control systems. A member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Dana is the author of several technical papers. In 1993, he was inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Honor. During the X-15 program, eight pilots flew above 264,000 feet or 50 miles, thereby qualifying as astronauts according to", "id": "8766846" }, { "contents": "USAF Hunter-Killer\n\n\nHunter-Killer is an unofficial project name based upon an \"Aviation Week & Space Technology\" article. The U.S. Air Force's Hunter-Killer program was a tactical unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV) procurement program. The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, a variant of the MQ-1 Predator won the project and was deployed in Afghanistan. This is the U.S. Air Force program for which several companies have developed vehicles. Although the J-UCAS concept is a long way from the early idea of a \"reusable cruise missile\",", "id": "18825446" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nlong as launchers were thrown away, access to space would never be affordable. Several companies had already completed early feasibility studies of fully reusable spacecraft, like the Martin Marietta Astrorocket and Douglas Astro. The designs used two flyback stages, one of which flew back to the launch point, while the other flew into orbit and landed after its mission. Hunter thought that any such design was tantamount to making two aircraft to do the job of one, and it was only the upper stage that was of any real use. By", "id": "7750831" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\ndirector of the CIA under Director William Colby and from 1974–1976 he was the director of the DIA. Ronald Reagan called upon General Graham to be his military advisor for his 1976 and 1980 campaigns. General Graham is a member of the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame. In later years, Graham devoted a lot of time to the research and development of Single-Stage To Orbit (SSTO) spacecraft in conjunction with NASA. McDonnell Douglas was awarded a contract to build an SSTO test vehicle on August 16, 1991, and named", "id": "5770548" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nBased on its experience working with Minuteman assets, Space Vector was tasked by Lockheed in 1980 to help develop the Homing Overlay Experiment (HOE) booster for the U.S. Army which would go on to become the first successful hit-to-kill intercept of a mock ballistic missile warhead outside the Earth’s atmosphere. This technology was later used by the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and expanded into the Exoatmospheric Reentry-vehicle Interception System (ERIS) program. In 1982 Space Vector was tapped by Space Services Inc. of America (", "id": "7487030" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nPhilip Bono (13 January 1921 – 23 May 1993) was a Douglas Aircraft Company engineer. He was a pioneer of reusable vertical landing single-stage to orbit launch vehicles. As a visionary designer, he is credited with inventing the first version of a recoverable single-stage spacecraft booster, and his contributions influenced spacecraft design. Bono pursued single-stage space launch as simpler and cheaper. He realized to do this he would need to use high specific impulse liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engines. Afterwards he proposed to", "id": "3522770" }, { "contents": "Vance D. Coffman\n\n\nin Aerospace Engineering of Iowa State University (ISU). Coffman had three brothers, all of which studied at ISU within the engineering and science departments. Coffman has Master's and Doctorate graduate in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University. In 1967, Coffman joined Lockheed Martin Corporation's Space Systems Division, working on the development of space programs and data processing systems for the corporation. By 1988 he was president of the Space Systems Division. He directed the Hubble Space Telescope project for Lockheed. By 1998 he was the chairman and", "id": "11284872" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n\" commercial parts and currently-available technology, but Lockheed Martin was not interested enough to fund such a program themselves. On February 15, 1989, Pournelle, Graham and Hunter were able to procure a meeting with Vice-President Dan Quayle. They \"sold\" the idea to SDIO by noting that any space-based weapons system would need to be serviced by a spacecraft that was far more reliable than the Space Shuttle, and offer lower launch costs and have much better turnaround times. Given the uncertainties of the design", "id": "15420674" }, { "contents": "Abdul Majid (physicist)\n\n\nand joined Pakistan's Space Program as a researcher in astrophysics and aeronautical labs. Majid worked under the supervision of noted Pakistani-Polish military scientist and aeronautical engineer, Air Commodore W. J. M. Turowicz, in the field of Rocket Technology and published numerous research papers. He is credited for the design and developed the Hypersonic Rocket Launch Vehicle or Hatf Missiles Series during his stay at SUPARCO. In 1983, Dr Majid was put in-charge of Satellite Development Program of Pakistan. He is widely credited for the indigenous development and launching", "id": "14780917" }, { "contents": "Martin Knutson\n\n\n's aging fleet of F-104 support aircraft with F/A-18 Hornets. He also provided leadership for numerous flight research projects including the X-29 forward-swept-wing technology demonstrator; the Controlled Impact Demonstration, the F-15 Digital Electronic Engine Control project that integrated propulsion and flight controls, the Pegasus air-launched rocket for placing small payloads into low-Earth orbit; the CV-990 Landing Systems Research aircraft that tested improved braking systems for the space shuttle; and the F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle. After the Air Force announced the impending retirement", "id": "2519508" }, { "contents": "Pioneer Rocketplane\n\n\nMissile Range Officers’ Club on May 12, 1993. The original concept was developed by then Air Force Captain Mitchell Burnside Clapp, who envisioned an aerial refueled, rocket-powered single-stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicle using jet fuel and hydrogen peroxide. This concept seemed a natural match for the Air Force's TransAtmospheric Vehicle (TAV) mission and studies began at the USAF Phillips Laboratory. Aerospace engineering legend Burt Rutan and noted aircraft designer Dan Raymer contributed input to the development of the design. During the winter of", "id": "17524030" }, { "contents": "Thor (rocket family)\n\n\nThor was a US space launch vehicle derived from the PGM-17 Thor intermediate-range ballistic missile. The Thor rocket was the first member of the Delta rocket family of space launch vehicles. The last launch of a direct derivative of the Thor missile occurred in 2018 as the first stage of the final Delta II. Thor was first used as a launch vehicle during the testing program of the warhead reentry vehicle for the Atlas missile. For these three tests a Thor core stage was topped by the Able second stage. Able used the", "id": "21158637" }, { "contents": "Boeing X-37\n\n\nThe Boeing X-37, also known as the Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), is a reusable robotic spacecraft. It is boosted into space by a launch vehicle, then re-enters Earth's atmosphere and lands as a spaceplane. The X-37 is operated by the United States Air Force for orbital spaceflight missions intended to demonstrate reusable space technologies. It is a 120%-scaled derivative of the earlier Boeing X-40. The X-37 began as a NASA project in 1999, before being transferred to the U.S. Department of Defense in 2004. Its first", "id": "12510871" }, { "contents": "LGM-25C Titan II\n\n\nThe Titan II was an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and space launcher developed by the Glenn L. Martin Company from the earlier Titan I missile. Titan II was originally designed and used as an ICBM, but was later adapted as a medium-lift space launch vehicle to carry payloads to Earth orbit for the United States Air Force (USAF), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Those payloads included the USAF Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), NOAA weather", "id": "10861471" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\non the X-33 experience shared with NASA, Lockheed Martin hoped to make the business case for a full-scale SSTO RLV, called VentureStar, that would be developed and operated through commercial means. The intention was that rather than operate space transport systems as it has with the Space Shuttle, NASA would instead look to private industry to operate the reusable launch vehicle and NASA would purchase launch services from the commercial launch provider. Thus, the X-33 was not only about honing space flight technologies, but also about successfully demonstrating the technology", "id": "9997276" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nmake these vehicles reusable. From his ROOST design onwards Bono advocated space launch vehicles without wings, usually using rocket assisted vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL). According to his estimates, wings consisted mostly of dead weight that decreased launch payload mass. He patented a reusable plug nozzle rocket engine which had dual use as a heat shield for atmospheric reentry. His early 1960s concepts influenced later designs like the 1990s Delta Clipper, also from Douglas. Philip Bono was born in Brooklyn, New York on 13 January 1921. He graduated", "id": "3522771" }, { "contents": "Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment\n\n\nof new space services and other activities that would improve U.S. economic competitiveness. The program implemented the National Space Transportation Policy, which is designed to accelerate the development of new launch technologies and concepts to contribute to the continuing commercialization of the national space launch industry. Both the X-33 and the smaller X-34 technology testbed demonstrator were under the Space Transportation Program Offices at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. The air-launched, winged X-34 also was to demonstrate technologies applicable to future-generation reusable launch vehicles designed to dramatically", "id": "20761669" }, { "contents": "Adolf Thiel\n\n\nfor the Thor ballistic missile, which became a first-stage launch for the Explorer spacecraft. He was director of space projects for TRW when it developed Explorer VI and Pioneer V, two of the earliest US craft to explore interplanetary space. He oversaw all of TRW's space programs during the 1970s. After his retirement in 1980 as a senior vice president, Thiel served as an executive consultant to TRW and on NASA planning groups. He was named a fellow of the American Astronautical Society in 1968. He married Frances Thiel", "id": "11277096" }, { "contents": "BAC Mustard\n\n\nin other space programmes, such as the American Space Shuttle. Mustard was a modular re-usable space launch system, comprising multiple copies of a single vehicle design, each of which was configured for a different role as a booster stage or an orbital spaceplane. The core vehicle design resembled the basic layout of the Douglas Astro, both being delta-winged reusable vehicles, as would the later American Space Shuttle. Furthermore, all three functioned as vertically-launched rockets and used integral wings so that they could land horizontally,", "id": "11296482" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nSSIA) to fabricate and launch the Conestoga I off Matagorda Island, Texas which became the first privately funded rocket to reach space. In 1992 Space Vector teamed with Coleman Research Corporation (now a division of L-3 Communications) and Aerotherm to provide the Army Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC) with 25 Hera target vehicles to support testing of THAAD and Patriot PAC-3 anti-ballistic missile systems. Space Vector went on to earn the distinction in 1997 as the first company to air launch a minuteman based target vehicle. The single", "id": "7487031" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n-range ballistic missile and the large Saturn I booster rocket. Following the Russian Sputnik launch, in July 1960 he moved with other von Braun rocket scientists from the Army Ballistic Missile Agency to the newly founded NASA. There, as part of the Apollo moon-landing program, he made major contributions working on the Saturn V booster rocket, on aerothermodynamics, and on liquid hydrogen propellant systems. He subsequently was involved in numerous projects contributing to the nation's manned and unmanned space flight programs, especially Skylab and the Space Shuttle", "id": "21371186" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nthe NLS-1 core stage. The NLS program did not venture beyond the planning stages and did not survive the Presidency of Bill Clinton, which started in January 1993. In 1992, Daniel Goldin was selected to replace Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly as NASA administrator. Goldin championed the motto, \"faster, better, cheaper,\" which may not have fit the ambitious NLS vision. A NASA history from 1998 says that reusable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) rockets and space planes such as the McDonnell Douglas DC", "id": "11086743" }, { "contents": "Gary Hudson (engineer)\n\n\nGary Hudson has been involved in private spaceflight development for over 40 years. Hudson is best known as the founder of Rotary Rocket Company, which in spending ~$30 Million attempted to build a unique single stage to orbit launch vehicle known as the Roton. Rotary Rocket built a landing test simulator (the Roton ATV) which flew three successful test flights in 1999. He also helped found Transformational Space T/Space in 2004. He also helped found AirLaunch LLC which was awarded the DARPA/USAF FALCON project in 2003. Previous projects", "id": "10746924" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nof Space Shuttle Columbia touched down on Rogers Dry Lakebed, with Astronauts John Young and Robert Crippin successfully landing the first orbiting space vehicle ever to leave the Earth under rocket power and return to Earth aerodynamically for re-use. The \"Flying Wing\" returned to Edwards in the late 1980s when the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber began testing, and at a remote site, the F-117A Nighthawk stealth fighter. Air-Launched Cruise Missile, and LANTIRN systems were also tested during the 1980s. The 1990s saw the arrival of the Lockheed", "id": "14946576" }, { "contents": "Jerry Pournelle\n\n\nof making recommendation to the US Air Force on investment in technologies required to build the missile force to be deployed in 1975. After Project 75 was completed Pournelle became manager of several advanced concept studies. At North American Rockwell’s Space Division, Pournelle was associate director of operations research, where he took part in the Apollo program and general operations. He was founding President of the Pepperdine Research Institute. In 1989, Pournelle, Max Hunter, and retired Army Lieutenant General Daniel O. Graham made a presentation to then Vice President Dan", "id": "16491387" }, { "contents": "United States Air Force Plant 42\n\n\nby McDonnell Douglas, St. Louis, Missouri, and transported by aircraft to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. They were also transported by aircraft from Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility to the Kennedy Space Center. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration had been paying the Air Force for use of Plant 42 facilities for the shuttle work. NASA decided in February 2002 to shift space shuttle overhaul and modification work from Palmdale to Florida. Current projects include design, engineering, pre-production, production, modification, flight testing, servicing and repair", "id": "9173070" }, { "contents": "William C. Schwartz\n\n\nspace vehicles and orbital calculations. He was a member of the founding group within NAA involved with the development of space vehicles and which developed the Apollo program. In the early 1960s, he moved to The Martin Company (later Martin Marietta and now Lockheed Martin), where he managed three departments, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Human Factors for the missile developer. It was during this period that he became involved in laser research and development. Shortly after the invention of the laser in 1960, Martin recognized its potential in", "id": "13650865" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthat could lead to an SSTO vehicle. The one-third-size test craft was operated and maintained by a small team of three people based out of a trailer, and the craft was once relaunched less than 24 hours after landing. Although the test program was not without mishap (including a minor explosion), the DC-X demonstrated that the maintenance aspects of the concept were sound. That project was cancelled when it landed with three of four legs deployed, tipped over, and exploded on the fourth flight after", "id": "10328911" }, { "contents": "Marti Sarigul-Klijn\n\n\nDr. Marti Sarigul-Klijn is an expert at rapidly designing, fabricating, and test flying proof-of-concept prototypes. He holds a Ph.D. in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and is a graduate of the United States Naval Test Pilot School and the United States Naval Academy. After completing twenty years in the Navy with the final rank of Commander, he has since worked on over 20 design proposals that include aircraft, UAV's, rocket propulsion, and space launch vehicles. Seven of these proposals continued to", "id": "11065599" }, { "contents": "Jerauld R. Gentry\n\n\nJerauld Richard \"Jerry\" Gentry (May 16, 1935 – March 3, 2003) was a United States Air Force (USAF) test pilot and Vietnam combat veteran. As chief USAF pilot of the Lifting Body Research Program, he helped validate the concept of flying a wingless vehicle back to Earth from space and landing it like an aircraft—an approach used by the Space Shuttle and to a greater degree by vehicles such as the Lockheed Martin X-33 and NASA X-38. Gentry completed thirty lifting body flights including the first flight", "id": "21488944" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nlifting body shape, composite multi-lobed liquid fuel tanks, and the aerospike engine, NASA and Lockheed Martin hoped to test fly a craft that would demonstrate the viability of a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) design. A spacecraft capable of reaching orbit in a single stage would not require external fuel tanks or boosters to reach low Earth orbit. Doing away with the need for \"staging\" with launch vehicles, such as with the Shuttle and the Apollo rockets, would lead to an inherently more reliable", "id": "9997271" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfor a proposed SSTO. It is one of only a few prototype SSTO vehicles ever built. Several other prototypes were intended, including the DC-X2 (a half-scale prototype) and the DC-Y, a full-scale vehicle which would be capable of single stage insertion into orbit. Neither of these were built, but the project was taken over by NASA in 1995, and they built the DC-XA, an upgraded one-third scale prototype. This vehicle was lost when it landed with only", "id": "10328890" }, { "contents": "Landing gear\n\n\ne.g., the Space Shuttle, or the USAF X-37), landing gear have been largely absent from orbital vehicles during the early decades since the advent of spaceflight technology, when orbital space transport has been the exclusive preserve of national-monopoly governmental space programs. Each spaceflight system to date has relied on expendable boosters to begin each ascent to orbital velocity. Recent advances in private space transport, where new competition to governmental space initiatives has emerged, have included the explicit design of landing gear into orbital booster rockets. SpaceX has initiated", "id": "10876701" }, { "contents": "Eric Boe\n\n\ninvolves work with displays and controls for future space vehicles. He made his first trip to space as pilot of during STS-126 on November 14, 2008. Boe flew his second space flight as pilot on STS-133, the final scheduled flight of the Space Shuttle \"Discovery\" and the third-to-last flight of the Space Shuttle program. In August 2012, Boe was named Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office. In July 2015, NASA announced Boe as one of the first astronauts for U.S. Commercial spaceflights. Subsequently, he", "id": "14264618" }, { "contents": "Melvin B. Zisfein\n\n\nMelvin B. Zisfein (1926-1995) was an aircraft designer and a Deputy Director of the U.S. National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC. Zisfein graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with degrees in aeronautical engineering (B.S. 1948; M.S. 1948) and worked as a designer, aerodynamicist, and manager for aircraft companies from then until 1966. He was associate director of the Franklin Institute Research Laboratories from 1966 to 1971. From 1971 to 1982 he served as the deputy director of the National Air and Space Museum,", "id": "1801139" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nselected from the Air Force's test pilot cadre. Additionally, the AFTC assisted with the testing of rocket engines and re-entry vehicles. Along with the X-15, pilots at Edwards were expanding the frontiers of atmospheric flight, testing the XB-70 Valkyrie high-altitude bomber, along with the YF-12 interceptor for Air Defense Command and the SR-71 Blackbird Strategic Reconnaissance aircraft for Strategic Air Command. With the decline of the military manned space mission after the NASA Lunar Landing Program ended, the Aerospace Research Pilot School was once again re-", "id": "14946574" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nDC-X were hired by Blue Origin, and their New Shepard vehicle was inspired by the DC-X design. Blue Origin does not require the high cross range capabilities, and therefore uses a base-first re-entry profile. Also, the DC-X provided inspiration for many elements of Armadillo Aerospace's, Masten Space Systems's, and TGV Rockets's spacecraft designs. Some NASA engineers believe that the DC-X could provide a solution for a crewed Mars lander. Had a DC-type craft been", "id": "15420693" }, { "contents": "Rockwell X-30\n\n\nThe Rockwell X-30 was an advanced technology demonstrator project for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP), part of a United States project to create a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spacecraft and passenger spaceliner. It was cancelled in the early 1990s before a prototype was completed, although much development work in advanced materials and aerospace design was completed. While a goal of a future NASP was a passenger liner capable of two-hour flights from Washington to Tokyo, the X-30 was planned for a crew of", "id": "16588465" }, { "contents": "SpaceDev\n\n\nSpaceDev, a part of the \"Space Systems Business\" of Sierra Nevada Corporation, is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work. It designed and built components for the hybrid rocket motors for Paul Allen's Tier One suborbital SpaceShipOne space program operated by Scaled Composites. It is also developing micro- and nano-satellites, a small expendable launch vehicle, the SpaceDev Streaker, and has designed a piloted suborbital and orbital spaceship of its own, the SpaceDev Dream Chaser, in collaboration with NASA. SpaceDev is based near San Diego in", "id": "16321029" }, { "contents": "Glenn L. Martin Company\n\n\nby the American space program as one of its first satellite booster rockets as part of Project Vanguard. The Vanguard was the first American space exploration rocket designed from scratch to be an orbital launch vehicle — rather than being a modified sounding rocket (like the Juno I) or a ballistic missile (like the U.S. Army's Redstone missile). Martin also designed and manufactured the huge and heavily armed Titan I and LGM-25C Titan II Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). Martin Company of Orlando, Florida, was the prime contractor for", "id": "10667744" }, { "contents": "Shuttlecraft (Star Trek)\n\n\nplanetary surface and space. Wernher Von Braun in the 1950s conceived of a reusable winged spacecraft as a ferry rocket. Plans for such vehicles were referred to as \"DC-3\" by spacecraft designer Maxime Faget and Integrated Launch and Reentry Vehicle (ILRV) by NASA. During the late 1960s, while \"\" was being broadcast, these concepts became known as Space Shuttle. In a speech given to the British Interplanetary Society in August 1968 George Mueller, head of the NASA Office of Manned Space Flight, mentioned the need for a", "id": "13203374" }, { "contents": "The Aerospace Corporation\n\n\n. Gen. Bernard A. Schriever announced the \"formation of a new nonprofit organization, The Aerospace Corporation, to serve the Air Force in the scientific and technical planning and management of missile-space programs.\" Among the earliest projects it supported were the Dyna-Soar orbital spaceplane, Project Mercury, and the man-rating of the Atlas (rocket) intercontinental ballistic missile. The Aerospace Corporation provided general systems engineering and technical direction for the Titan II missile, first tested in 1962, which became the launch vehicle for Project Gemini", "id": "15141218" }, { "contents": "Timothy Creamer\n\n\nPrior to his astronaut selection in 1998, he had been working as a space operations officer, with the Army Space Command, stationed in Houston, Texas. He is now the Army’s NASA Detachment commander. Creamer was assigned to NASA at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in July 1995 as a Space Shuttle vehicle integration test engineer. His duties primarily involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle. He was actively involved in the integrated tests of the systems for each Orbiter for its preparations for its", "id": "7264360" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nof the rocket, the Clipper Graham soared into the skies over the old White Sands Missile Range to a height of 3,120 meters (10,300 ft) and stayed in the air for over two minutes before landing. That flight was the highest and longest the vehicle had ever flown until then. Robert A. Heinlein dedicated his 1985 novel The Cat Who Walks Through Walls to Graham and eight of the other members of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy. Graham was chairman of the American Space Frontier Committee, the Coalition for", "id": "5770554" }, { "contents": "SpaceX\n\n\nhas one of the largest concentrations of aerospace headquarters, facilities, and/or subsidiaries in the U.S., including Boeing/McDonnell Douglas main satellite building campuses, Aerospace Corp., Raytheon, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Air Force Space Command's Space and Missile Systems Center at Los Angeles Air Force Base, Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems, Northrop Grumman, and AECOM, etc., with a large pool of aerospace engineers and recent college engineering graduates. SpaceX utilizes a high degree of vertical integration in the production of its rockets and rocket", "id": "10001424" }, { "contents": "William H. Gerstenmaier\n\n\n1980, Gerstenmaier moved to Houston, Texas, to work at the Johnson Space Center, researching propulsion related to the Space Shuttle, and was involved in the earliest phases of the International Space Station design. In 1984, he was a semi-finalist in the selection for NASA Astronaut Group 10. In 1988, he first served as manager of Space Shuttle Program Integration, and then went on to serve as head of the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle Operations Office. Following that, he became Director of Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom", "id": "13055214" }, { "contents": "Bruno Augenstein\n\n\nBruno Wilhelm Augenstein (March 16, 1923 – July 6, 2005) was a German-born mathematician and physicist who made important contributions in space technology, ballistic missile research, satellites, antimatter, and many other areas. Augenstein worked in the Aerophysics Laboratory at North American Aviation on diverse projects including weaponization of the V-2 rocket, a ramjet-powered vehicle that later became the Navajo missile. He entered RAND Corporation as a consultant and subcontractor in 1949. Initially at RAND he developed an interest in long range missiles. Augenstein", "id": "1664472" }, { "contents": "Robert R. Gilruth\n\n\nRobert Rowe Gilruth (October 8, 1913 – August 17, 2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. He worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics from 1937 to 1958 and its successor NASA, until his retirement in 1973. He was involved with early research into supersonic flight and rocket-powered aircraft, and then with the United States manned space program, including the Mercury, Gemini", "id": "19875506" } ]

[ { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nMaxwell White Hunter II (March 11, 1922 – November 10, 2001) was a prominent American aerospace engineer. He worked on the design of the Douglas B-42 and Douglas B-43 bombers, the Honest John, Nike-Ajax, and Nike-Zeus missiles, the Thor IRBM, and on parts of the Strategic Defense Initiative. In later years he worked on space-launch vehicles and was a proponent of Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) designs. He was honored in 1995 by the National Space Society", "id": "13829898" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvariety of projects including parts of the mammoth Strategic Defense Initiative. SDI gave him a chance at realizing a dream he had nurtured since the 1960s: the construction of a Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle. In 1984, Hunter proposed a vehicle he called the X-rocket, based on those earlier SSTO designs. The design was reviewed by LMSC's Astronautics Division (AD), which judged it worth pursuing, and by its Missile Systems Division (MSD), which did not. LMSC then", "id": "13829902" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\npayloads into Earth orbit today. After working for Douglas Aircraft from 1944 to 1961, Hunter joined the staff of the National Aeronautics and Space Council, a group that advised the U.S. president on space policy. Following several years in that position, he went back to the aerospace industry in 1965, spending over two decades with Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (LMSC). (LMSC was a division of Lockheed Corporation, which merged with Martin Marietta in 1995 to become Lockheed-Martin.) At LMSC, Hunter worked on a", "id": "13829901" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nspace systems. In this position he oversaw the production of military missiles including the Honest John artillery rocket, the Nike antiaircraft missile, and the Sparrow air-to-air missile. Douglas Aircraft began work on the Thor, an early Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM), in late 1955 and put Hunter in charge of that program. He assembled a small team of crack designers and brought the development to success in a short time. Thor became the basis of the McDonnell Douglas Delta rocket, whose descendants are still boosting", "id": "13829900" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nand High Frontier convinced SDI management and other national officials that a study should be initiated to determine once and for all the feasibility of SSTO vehicles for military missions. This led to a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) program to design a single-stage vehicle that could replace military satellites on short notice during a national emergency. This vehicle was known as the Delta Clipper. McDonnell Douglas Corporation was contracted to build and test fly a one-third-scale, suborbital testbed called the DC-X, or Delta Clipper", "id": "13829904" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvehicle tipped over at landing. Funding to make repairs and continue flight tests was not made available. Max Hunter continued to advise on space policy issues and advocate the building of SSTO vehicles for airline-like access to space, a goal he was sure could be attained. He chaired the Rules Committee for the Ansari X Prize, announced in 1996, a $10 million prize for the first reusable craft to reach space twice within two weeks without substantial refit. In October 2000, he agreed to serve as Chairman of the", "id": "13829906" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nExperimental. While not capable of spaceflight, the DC-X incorporated many of the technologies needed for an SSTO vehicle, including highly automated systems enabling a quick turnaround (just twenty-six hours) between launches. It made eight successful test flights between August 18, 1993, and July 7, 1995, and then was taken over by NASA and flown four times as the DC-XA between May 18 and July 31, 1996. It was damaged on its last flight when one landing strut failed to deploy and the", "id": "13829905" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nfor lifelong contributions to the technology of spaceflight. Maxwell Hunter was born in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania and graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in that state with a degree in physics and mathematics. In 1944, he earned a Master's Degree in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). After earning his MS from MIT, Hunter went to work for the Douglas Aircraft Company. He became their chief designer in aeronautics, working on modifications of the B-42 and B-43 bombers. Later he was promoted to chief engineer for", "id": "13829899" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\ndeclined to support further work on the X-rocket, and Hunter retired. As an independent consultant, he renamed the concept SSX (for Space Ship Experimental), and began to refine it. In December 1988 the ad hoc Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy was briefed on the concept by Hunter and others. The general concept was endorsed by the Council and by High Frontier, Inc., a Washington-based group headed by Lt. Gen. Daniel O. Graham that lobbied for SDI programs. Working together, Hunter", "id": "13829903" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nAdvisory Board for the Undersea Hotel Project of the Cala Corporation. He died at Stanford Hospital, Stanford, California on the evening of November 10, 2001 after a lingering illness. Max Hunter was Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Beta Pi, and a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), the American Astronautical Society (AAS), and the British Interplanetary Society (BIS). He was also a member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) and an honorary member of the Japanese Rocket Society", "id": "13829907" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nThe DC-X, short for Delta Clipper or Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed prototype of a reusable single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle built by McDonnell Douglas in conjunction with the United States Department of Defense's Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) from 1991 to 1993. Starting 1994 until 1995, testing continued through funding of the US civil space agency NASA. In 1996, the DC-X technology was completely transferred to NASA, which upgraded the design for improved performance to create the DC-XA", "id": "15420672" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nvehicles was prepared by Chrysler Corporation's Space Division in 1970–1971 under NASA contract NAS8-26341. Their proposal (Shuttle SERV) was an enormous vehicle with more than of payload, utilizing jet engines for (vertical) landing. While the technical problems seemed to be solvable, the USAF required a winged design that led to the Shuttle as we know it today. The uncrewed DC-X technology demonstrator, originally developed by McDonnell Douglas for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program office, was an attempt to build a vehicle", "id": "10328910" }, { "contents": "David Urie\n\n\nsystem before initiating and heading the Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) and X-33 Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Programs at Lockheed. Urie's work as the program manager for the previously classified Have Region project demonstrated that rocket-powered single-stage-to-orbit vehicles were technically feasible, which led to the Lockheed Martin SSTO design approach. As a Director of the Lockheed-Martin Skunk Works SSTO/RLV Advanced Technology Demonstration Program, Urie conceived and developed the aerospike rocket propelled lifting body that was selected by NASA as", "id": "20876395" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nearly stages of flight; and flight within Earth's atmosphere, which limits speed in the early stages of flight and influences engine performance. Additionally, the retirement of NASA's Shuttle launch vehicle has resulted in a substantial reduction in the cost to launch a kilogram of payload to either low Earth orbit or the International Space Station, removing the main projected advantage of the SSTO concept. Notable single stage to orbit concepts include Skylon, the DC-X, the Lockheed Martin X-33, and the Roton SSTO. However, despite showing", "id": "10328885" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nThe Lockheed Martin X-33 was an uncrewed, sub-scale technology demonstrator suborbital spaceplane developed in the 1990s under the U.S. government-funded Space Launch Initiative program. The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for the VentureStar orbital spaceplane, which was planned to be a next-generation, commercially operated reusable launch vehicle. The X-33 would flight-test a range of technologies that NASA believed it needed for single-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicles (SSTO RLVs), such as metallic thermal protection systems, composite cryogenic fuel tanks", "id": "9997267" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n. During the 1960s some of the first concept designs for this kind of craft began to emerge. One of the earliest SSTO concepts was the expendable One stage Orbital Space Truck (OOST) proposed by Philip Bono, an engineer for Douglas Aircraft Company. A reusable version named ROOST was also proposed. Another early SSTO concept was a reusable launch vehicle named NEXUS which was proposed by Krafft Arnold Ehricke in the early 1960s. It was one of the largest spacecraft ever conceptualized with a diameter of over 50 metres and the capability to", "id": "10328887" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n. According to writer Jerry Pournelle: \"DC-X was conceived in my living room and sold to National Space Council Chairman Dan Quayle by General Graham, Max Hunter and me.\" According to Max Hunter, however, he had tried hard to convince Lockheed Martin of the concept's value for several years before he retired. Hunter had written a paper in 1985 entitled \"The Opportunity\", detailing the concept of a Single-Stage-To-Orbit spacecraft built with low-cost \"off-the-shelf", "id": "15420673" }, { "contents": "Rob Meyerson\n\n\nInitiative contract with NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. Meyerson launched his career as an aerospace engineer at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) from 1985 to 1997 working on human spaceflight systems, including the aerodynamic design of the Space Shuttle orbiter drag parachute, as well as the overall design, integration, and flight test of a gliding parachute for the X-38 Crew Rescue Vehicle, a crew return vehicle designed to return astronauts to earth from the International Space Station. Meyerson began with NASA in 1985 as a cooperative education student at JSC", "id": "8603673" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nfor the X-33 was selected over competing concepts from Boeing and McDonnell Douglas. Boeing proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design, and McDonnell Douglas proposed a design based on its vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL) DC-XA test vehicle. The uncrewed X-33 was slated to fly 15 suborbital hops to near 75.8 km altitude. It was to be launched upright like a rocket and rather than having a straight flight path it would fly diagonally up for half the flight, reaching extremely high altitudes, and then for the rest of the", "id": "9997274" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nThe methodologies were later adopted as a standard by the Air Transport Association. He later joined the Thor missile project as the chief design engineer, and this introduced him to the world of space launchers. With new upper stages, Thor became the Delta, one of the most-used launchers in the 1960s. In spite of Thor's success, Hunter was dissatisfied with the state of the launcher market and later wrote that \"by the end of 1963 the state of recoverable rockets was terrible.\" He was convinced that as", "id": "7750830" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nit the DC-X for Delta Clipper Experimental. The name honored the firm's successful Thor/Delta rocket and recalled the famous 19th-century commercial clipper ships. The McDonnell Douglas SSTO team saw the Delta Clipper as opening the \"space trade routes in the same way that the Yankee Clipper ships opened the sea trade routes.\" The needs of the commercial launch industry thus were integral to the thinking of the McDonnell Douglas DC-X team. General Graham envisioned the DC-X as the perfect inexpensive launch and delivery", "id": "5770549" }, { "contents": "George Huebner\n\n\nproduce intercontinental ballistic missiles. Huebner was named executive engineer in charge of Chrysler's Missile Branch. At the time he was serving as executive engineer of research for Chrysler in their automotive division. He developed a complete research and development missile facility that included engineering, testing, and production of the Redstone rocket. These rockets ultimately launched into orbit the first U.S. satellites and the first manned space flights. Huebner worked closely with Wernher von Braun on the space program. For two years he worked on this rocket project and then went back", "id": "15004097" }, { "contents": "Reusable launch system\n\n\nthe McDonnell Douglas Delta Clipper VTOL SSTO proposal progressed to the testing phase. The DC-X prototype demonstrated rapid turnaround time and automatic computer control. In mid-1990, British research evolved an earlier HOTOL design into the far more promising Skylon design, which remains in development. From the commercial side, Rocketplane Kistler and Rotary Rocket attempted to build reusable privately developed rockets before going bankrupt. NASA proposed risky reusable concepts to replace the Shuttle technology, to be demonstrated under the X-33 and X-34 programs, which were both cancelled in the early", "id": "19421229" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\na number of SSTO advocates to reconsider hydrogen as a satisfactory fuel. The late Max Hunter, while employing hydrogen fuel in the DC-X, often said that he thought the first successful orbital SSTO would more likely be fueled by propane. Some SSTO concepts use the same engine for all altitudes, which is a problem for traditional engines with a bell-shaped nozzle. Depending on the atmospheric pressure, different bell shapes are optimal. Engines operating in the lower atmosphere have shorter bells than those designed to work in vacuum.", "id": "10328899" }, { "contents": "George Mueller (NASA)\n\n\ndesigns ranged from 'simple' concepts like Martin Marietta's six person reusable craft similar to the Dyna-Soar (launched by a Titan III-M), to partially reusable concepts like Lockheed's Star Clipper or Tip Tank from McDonnell Douglas, to fully reusable two-stage vehicles like the one proposed by General Dynamics. Following this symposium Mueller continued to champion a \"space shuttle\". He did not invent the term, but he made it his own. He was also a keen proponent of space stations and was", "id": "16249187" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nIn October 2000, Beal Aerospace ceased operations citing a decision by NASA and the Department of Defense to commit themselves to the development of the competing government-financed EELV program. In 1998 Rotary Rocket proposed the Roton, a Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) piloted Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) space transport. A full scale Roton Atmospheric Test Vehicle flew three times in 1999. After spending tens of millions of dollars in development the Roton failed to secure launch contracts and Rotary Rocket ceased operations in 2001. On", "id": "288621" }, { "contents": "List of human spaceflight programs\n\n\ncommissioned by the Russian Aerospace Agency since 1993. The Kankoh-maru (観光丸? Kankōmaru) is the name of a proposed vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL), single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), reusable launch system (rocket-powered spacecraft). The Ansari X Prize was a space competition in which the X Prize Foundation offered a US$10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable crewed spacecraft into space twice within two weeks. Twenty-six teams from around the world", "id": "19978394" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nby 2016, and some space ventures have had to turn away investor funding. After earlier first effort of OTRAG, in the 1990s the projection of a significant demand for communications satellite launches attracted the development of a number of commercial space launch providers. The launch demand largely vanished when some of the largest satellite constellations, such as 288 satellite Teledesic network, were never built. In 1996 NASA selected Lockheed Martin Skunk Works to build the X-33 VentureStar prototype for a single stage to orbit (SSTO) reusable launch vehicle. In 1999", "id": "288619" }, { "contents": "James Smith McDonnell\n\n\nMcDonnell Aircraft Corporation in 1939. Headquartered in St. Louis, the company quickly grew into a principal supplier of fighter aircraft to the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy, including the F-4 Phantom II fighter and the Mercury and Gemini space capsules. In 1967, McDonnell Aircraft merged with the Douglas Aircraft Company to create McDonnell Douglas. Later that year Douglas Aircraft Company's space and missiles division became part of a new subsidiary called McDonnell Douglas Astronautics, located in Huntington Beach, California, producing the Delta series of launch vehicles. The new", "id": "21028393" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\ndeath, the first launch vehicle based on his designs, the McDonnell Douglas DC-X (Delta Clipper) began a largely successful series of test flights. The DC-X was a vertical-takeoff and vertical landing vehicle. The series of test flights began on 18 August 1993 and continued until the upgraded version of the launch vehicle (renamed the DC-XA) tipped over on landing on July 31, 1996. Among Bono's visionary designs was a 1960 Boeing design for a manned Mars spacecraft capable of carrying a", "id": "3522773" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\neight Block II satellites for flights on the new Delta II expendable Medium Launch Vehicle in lieu of the Space Shuttle. Space Division awarded the Medium Launch Vehicle (MLV) contract to McDonnell-Douglas Astronautics Company on 21 January 1987. However, unlike earlier commercial arrangements, the company would no longer be under contract to NASA. Under the new Commercial Expendable Launch Vehicle program encouraged by president Ronald Reagan since 1983, McDonnell-Douglas would be responsible for producing, marketing and launching its commercial Delta IIs. The Air Force would be", "id": "19923501" }, { "contents": "Mel Hunter\n\n\nfor the years 1960-1962. As Hunter's science fiction career blossomed, so did his technical and scientific illustrations. Hunter's love of air and space took him from California's desert runways to Florida's seacoast launchpads to illustrate every variety of jet-age aircraft and space-age rocket imaginable—from X-15 to Saturn V. One of Hunter's best-known books is \"The Missilemen\", a photo illustrated work published in 1960 by Doubleday. Hunter visited U.S. rocket and missile sites during the late 1950s; he", "id": "20560131" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\na single-stage-to-orbit vehicle. Five companies expressed interest and proposed concepts. Three (LM, Rockwell and McDonnell Douglas) were selected for workup into more detailed proposals. Rockwell proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design. It would have used one Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) and two RL-10-5A engines. In a subsequent full-scale system to reach orbit Rockwell planned to use six Rocketdyne RS-2100 engines. McDonnell Douglas featured a design using liquid oxygen/hydrogen bell engines based on its vertical takeoff", "id": "9997282" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\nresearch ways to make more efficient use of the wing surface during high-speed maneuvers. The Directorate is also a collaborator with DARPA, the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Sandia National Laboratories and AFRL's Space Vehicles Directorate on the FALCON program, which includes the HTV-3X Blackswift hypersonic flight demonstration vehicle. The Air Vehicles Directorate also collaborated with NASA and Boeing on the initial work for the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle and the 80% scaled version, X-40A Space Maneuver Vehicle, prior to the classification of the program and", "id": "1842734" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nparts for re-use. After landing the vehicle would be refit, mated with another tank, and be ready for another mission. Hunter moved to Lockheed in the fall of 1965. On his first day he was asked if there was anything Lockheed should be looking at, and he immediately suggested development of his stage-and-a-half design. His suggestions caught the ear of Eugene Root, president of Lockheed Missiles and Space, who gave him the go-ahead to study what became known as the Star", "id": "7750834" }, { "contents": "PGM-17 Thor\n\n\ndeployment as a missile a few years after deployment, the Thor rocket found widespread use as a space launch vehicle. It was the first in a large family of space launch vehicles—the Delta rockets. The last remaining descendant of the Thor, the Delta II, was retired in 2018, and the Delta IV is based on entirely new technology, unlike the Delta II. see Project Emily Stations and Squadrons Family: Thor IRBM, Thor DM-18 (single stage LV); Thor DM-19 (rocket 1st stage), Thor", "id": "15220989" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthree of its four landing pads deployed, which caused it to tip over on its side and explode. The project has not been continued since. From 1999 to 2001 Rotary Rocket attempted to build a SSTO vehicle called the Roton. It received a large amount of media attention and a working sub-scale prototype was completed, but the design was largely impractical. There have been various approaches to SSTO, including pure rockets that are launched and land vertically, air-breathing scramjet-powered vehicles that are launched and land horizontally", "id": "10328891" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\n. The facilities for testing rockets are frequently used for testing new rocket engines including the RS-68 rocket engine developed for use on the Delta IV launch vehicle. The space propulsion area also develops technologies for use in satellites on-orbit to alter their orbits. An AFRL-developed experimental Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) arcjet was flown on the ARGOS satellite in 1999 as part of the Air Force Space Test Program. The Directorate currently manages the X-51A program, which is developing a scramjet demonstration vehicle. The X-51 program is working", "id": "1842749" }, { "contents": "Laurel van der Wal\n\n\nhonors. Her graduate education was funded in part by a National Research Council fellowship to study aeronautics in Stockholm, Sweden. As a young engineer van der Wal worked at Douglas Aircraft as a data analyst on the Nike missile program, and later designing missile systems for the Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation. Starting in 1958, she was the project engineer on three MIA (Mouse-in-Able) launches from Cape Canaveral, as head of bioastronautics at Space Technology Laboratories. She was named the \"Los Angeles Times\"'s \"", "id": "12236594" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nThe National Launch System (or New Launch System) was a study authorized in 1991 by President George H. W. Bush to outline alternatives to the Space Shuttle for access to Earth orbit. Shortly thereafter, NASA asked Lockheed Missiles and Space, McDonnell Douglas, and TRW to perform a ten-month study. A series of launch vehicles was proposed, based around the proposed Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) liquid-fuel rocket engine. The STME was to be a simplified, expendable version of the Space Shuttle main engine (", "id": "11086741" }, { "contents": "Michael R. Clifford\n\n\nfrom the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and was designated an experimental test pilot. In December 1995, Clifford retired from the army. As a military officer, Clifford was assigned to the Johnson Space Center in July 1987. As a Space Shuttle Vehicle Integration engineer, his duties involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle Program. He was involved in design certification and integration of the Shuttle Crew Escape System, and was an executive board member of the Solid Rocket Booster Postflight Assessment Team. Selected as an astronaut", "id": "18151051" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n. In the Shuttle development effort he led a team working on vehicle aerodynamics and the main engines, which included developing full-scale component tests and scaling methodologies, and applying computational fluid dynamics to overcome a wide range of aerothermochemistry problems. He was Chief of the Aerophysics Division at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center until 1992, when he became Chief Aerodynamicist at the NASA Center. He was awarded the AIAA Aerodynamics Award in 1997 for his exceptional lifetime contributions to the aerodynamic design and analysis of strategic missiles and manned/unmanned launch", "id": "21371187" }, { "contents": "Robert A. Heinlein\n\n\noften in his fiction, as do fictitious strikable self-lighting cigarettes. In 1980 Robert Heinlein was a member of the Citizens Advisory Council on National Space Policy, chaired by Jerry Pournelle, which met at the home of SF writer Larry Niven to write space policy papers for the incoming Reagan Administration. Members included such aerospace industry leaders as former astronaut Buzz Aldrin, General Daniel O. Graham, aerospace engineer Max Hunter and North American Rockwell VP for Space Shuttle development George Merrick. Policy recommendations from the Council included ballistic missile defense concepts", "id": "5599733" }, { "contents": "Wernher von Braun\n\n\nUnited States, along with about 1,600 other German scientists, engineers, and technicians, as part of Operation Paperclip. He worked for the United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) program, and he developed the rockets that launched the United States' first space satellite Explorer 1. His group was assimilated into NASA, where he served as director of the newly formed Marshall Space Flight Center and as the chief architect of the Saturn V super heavy-lift launch vehicle that propelled the Apollo spacecraft to the", "id": "15033628" }, { "contents": "Jarvis (rocket)\n\n\nJarvis was a proposed American medium-lift launch vehicle for space launch, designed by Hughes Aircraft and Boeing during the mid-1980s as part of the joint United States Air Force (USAF)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Launch System (ALS) study. Intended to utilize engines and tooling in storage from the Saturn V rocket program along with Space Shuttle components, and projected to be capable of carrying up to six satellites into multiple orbits using a single launch (e.g. GPS constellation), the proposal failed to meet the ALS", "id": "15822979" }, { "contents": "Robert F. Overmyer\n\n\nMarch 1988, he joined the Space Station Team at McDonnell Douglas Aerospace, where he led crew and operations activities for seven years. He retired from McDonnell Douglas in April 1995 and expanded the scope of Mach Twenty Five International, continuing his aerospace consultation work as well as speaking engagements and writing. Overmyer continued his career as a general aviation test pilot. Having former experience with aeronautical testing at both U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School and NASA, he joined Minnesota-based aircraft manufacturer Cirrus Design (now called Cirrus Aircraft) as", "id": "19963429" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n, nuclear-powered vehicles, and even jet-engine-powered vehicles that can fly into orbit and return landing like an airliner, completely intact. For rocket-powered SSTO, the main challenge is achieving a high enough mass-ratio to carry sufficient propellant to achieve orbit, plus a meaningful payload weight. One possibility is to give the rocket an initial speed with a space gun, as planned in the Quicklaunch project. For air-breathing SSTO, the main challenge is system complexity and associated research and development costs", "id": "10328892" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfuel for increasing efficiency once in space. Further examples of Bono's early concepts (prior to the 1990s) which were never constructed include: Around 1985 the NASP project was intended to launch a scramjet vehicle into orbit, but funding was stopped and the project cancelled. At around the same time, the HOTOL tried to use precooled jet engine technology, but failed to show significant advantages over rocket technology. The DC-X, short for Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed one-third scale vertical takeoff and landing demonstrator", "id": "10328889" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nShuttle design. The detailed study of the cost advantages of the drop tank design demonstrated a dramatic reduction in development risk, and as a result, development costs. When funding for STS development was cut, the drop tank was taken up as a way to meet the developmental budgets, leading to the semi-reusable Space Shuttle design. Maxwell Hunter was working at Douglas Aircraft where he formalized the calculation of aircraft operation economics. His methodologies were first published in 1940, and were later applied to the Douglas DC-6 and DC-7.", "id": "7750829" }, { "contents": "Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle\n\n\nThe Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle, designed for NASA's Project Mercury, was the first American crewed space booster. It was used for six sub-orbital Mercury flights from 1960–61; culminating with the launch of the first, and 11 weeks later, the second American (and the second and third humans) in space. The four subsequent Mercury human spaceflights used the more powerful Atlas booster to enter low Earth orbit. A member of the Redstone rocket family, it was derived from the U.S. Army's Redstone ballistic missile and", "id": "11828011" }, { "contents": "British Aerospace HOTOL\n\n\nspace launch system. In 1982, British Aerospace (BAe), which was Europe's principal satellite-builder, began studying a prospective new launch system with the aim of providing launch costs that were 20 per cent of the American Space Shuttle operated by NASA. BAe became aware of work by British engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce on a suitable engine, and soon conceived of an unmanned, fully reuseable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) winged spaceplane as a launch vehicle. Thus, the project had soon became", "id": "14493503" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\nrole in the civilian NASA Project Mercury, Project Gemini and Project Apollo manned space programs along with military Space Shuttle flights. The mission of the unit today is performed by the 45th Space Wing (no direct lineage). Activated in December 1950, replacing 550th Guided Missiles Wing. the 6555th had a distinguished career launching and/or managing ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and payloads for the Ballistic Systems Division, the Space Systems Division and the Space & Missile Systems Organization. As a Wing or a Group, the 6555th earned ten Air", "id": "19923442" }, { "contents": "William H. Dana\n\n\ncontributions to the lifting body program, Dana received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal. In 1976 he received the Haley Space Flight Award from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) for his research work on the M2-F3 lifting body control systems. A member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Dana is the author of several technical papers. In 1993, he was inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Honor. During the X-15 program, eight pilots flew above 264,000 feet or 50 miles, thereby qualifying as astronauts according to", "id": "8766846" }, { "contents": "USAF Hunter-Killer\n\n\nHunter-Killer is an unofficial project name based upon an \"Aviation Week & Space Technology\" article. The U.S. Air Force's Hunter-Killer program was a tactical unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV) procurement program. The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, a variant of the MQ-1 Predator won the project and was deployed in Afghanistan. This is the U.S. Air Force program for which several companies have developed vehicles. Although the J-UCAS concept is a long way from the early idea of a \"reusable cruise missile\",", "id": "18825446" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nlong as launchers were thrown away, access to space would never be affordable. Several companies had already completed early feasibility studies of fully reusable spacecraft, like the Martin Marietta Astrorocket and Douglas Astro. The designs used two flyback stages, one of which flew back to the launch point, while the other flew into orbit and landed after its mission. Hunter thought that any such design was tantamount to making two aircraft to do the job of one, and it was only the upper stage that was of any real use. By", "id": "7750831" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\ndirector of the CIA under Director William Colby and from 1974–1976 he was the director of the DIA. Ronald Reagan called upon General Graham to be his military advisor for his 1976 and 1980 campaigns. General Graham is a member of the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame. In later years, Graham devoted a lot of time to the research and development of Single-Stage To Orbit (SSTO) spacecraft in conjunction with NASA. McDonnell Douglas was awarded a contract to build an SSTO test vehicle on August 16, 1991, and named", "id": "5770548" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nBased on its experience working with Minuteman assets, Space Vector was tasked by Lockheed in 1980 to help develop the Homing Overlay Experiment (HOE) booster for the U.S. Army which would go on to become the first successful hit-to-kill intercept of a mock ballistic missile warhead outside the Earth’s atmosphere. This technology was later used by the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and expanded into the Exoatmospheric Reentry-vehicle Interception System (ERIS) program. In 1982 Space Vector was tapped by Space Services Inc. of America (", "id": "7487030" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nPhilip Bono (13 January 1921 – 23 May 1993) was a Douglas Aircraft Company engineer. He was a pioneer of reusable vertical landing single-stage to orbit launch vehicles. As a visionary designer, he is credited with inventing the first version of a recoverable single-stage spacecraft booster, and his contributions influenced spacecraft design. Bono pursued single-stage space launch as simpler and cheaper. He realized to do this he would need to use high specific impulse liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engines. Afterwards he proposed to", "id": "3522770" }, { "contents": "Vance D. Coffman\n\n\nin Aerospace Engineering of Iowa State University (ISU). Coffman had three brothers, all of which studied at ISU within the engineering and science departments. Coffman has Master's and Doctorate graduate in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University. In 1967, Coffman joined Lockheed Martin Corporation's Space Systems Division, working on the development of space programs and data processing systems for the corporation. By 1988 he was president of the Space Systems Division. He directed the Hubble Space Telescope project for Lockheed. By 1998 he was the chairman and", "id": "11284872" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n\" commercial parts and currently-available technology, but Lockheed Martin was not interested enough to fund such a program themselves. On February 15, 1989, Pournelle, Graham and Hunter were able to procure a meeting with Vice-President Dan Quayle. They \"sold\" the idea to SDIO by noting that any space-based weapons system would need to be serviced by a spacecraft that was far more reliable than the Space Shuttle, and offer lower launch costs and have much better turnaround times. Given the uncertainties of the design", "id": "15420674" }, { "contents": "Abdul Majid (physicist)\n\n\nand joined Pakistan's Space Program as a researcher in astrophysics and aeronautical labs. Majid worked under the supervision of noted Pakistani-Polish military scientist and aeronautical engineer, Air Commodore W. J. M. Turowicz, in the field of Rocket Technology and published numerous research papers. He is credited for the design and developed the Hypersonic Rocket Launch Vehicle or Hatf Missiles Series during his stay at SUPARCO. In 1983, Dr Majid was put in-charge of Satellite Development Program of Pakistan. He is widely credited for the indigenous development and launching", "id": "14780917" }, { "contents": "Martin Knutson\n\n\n's aging fleet of F-104 support aircraft with F/A-18 Hornets. He also provided leadership for numerous flight research projects including the X-29 forward-swept-wing technology demonstrator; the Controlled Impact Demonstration, the F-15 Digital Electronic Engine Control project that integrated propulsion and flight controls, the Pegasus air-launched rocket for placing small payloads into low-Earth orbit; the CV-990 Landing Systems Research aircraft that tested improved braking systems for the space shuttle; and the F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle. After the Air Force announced the impending retirement", "id": "2519508" }, { "contents": "Pioneer Rocketplane\n\n\nMissile Range Officers’ Club on May 12, 1993. The original concept was developed by then Air Force Captain Mitchell Burnside Clapp, who envisioned an aerial refueled, rocket-powered single-stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicle using jet fuel and hydrogen peroxide. This concept seemed a natural match for the Air Force's TransAtmospheric Vehicle (TAV) mission and studies began at the USAF Phillips Laboratory. Aerospace engineering legend Burt Rutan and noted aircraft designer Dan Raymer contributed input to the development of the design. During the winter of", "id": "17524030" }, { "contents": "Thor (rocket family)\n\n\nThor was a US space launch vehicle derived from the PGM-17 Thor intermediate-range ballistic missile. The Thor rocket was the first member of the Delta rocket family of space launch vehicles. The last launch of a direct derivative of the Thor missile occurred in 2018 as the first stage of the final Delta II. Thor was first used as a launch vehicle during the testing program of the warhead reentry vehicle for the Atlas missile. For these three tests a Thor core stage was topped by the Able second stage. Able used the", "id": "21158637" }, { "contents": "Boeing X-37\n\n\nThe Boeing X-37, also known as the Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), is a reusable robotic spacecraft. It is boosted into space by a launch vehicle, then re-enters Earth's atmosphere and lands as a spaceplane. The X-37 is operated by the United States Air Force for orbital spaceflight missions intended to demonstrate reusable space technologies. It is a 120%-scaled derivative of the earlier Boeing X-40. The X-37 began as a NASA project in 1999, before being transferred to the U.S. Department of Defense in 2004. Its first", "id": "12510871" }, { "contents": "LGM-25C Titan II\n\n\nThe Titan II was an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and space launcher developed by the Glenn L. Martin Company from the earlier Titan I missile. Titan II was originally designed and used as an ICBM, but was later adapted as a medium-lift space launch vehicle to carry payloads to Earth orbit for the United States Air Force (USAF), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Those payloads included the USAF Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), NOAA weather", "id": "10861471" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\non the X-33 experience shared with NASA, Lockheed Martin hoped to make the business case for a full-scale SSTO RLV, called VentureStar, that would be developed and operated through commercial means. The intention was that rather than operate space transport systems as it has with the Space Shuttle, NASA would instead look to private industry to operate the reusable launch vehicle and NASA would purchase launch services from the commercial launch provider. Thus, the X-33 was not only about honing space flight technologies, but also about successfully demonstrating the technology", "id": "9997276" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nmake these vehicles reusable. From his ROOST design onwards Bono advocated space launch vehicles without wings, usually using rocket assisted vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL). According to his estimates, wings consisted mostly of dead weight that decreased launch payload mass. He patented a reusable plug nozzle rocket engine which had dual use as a heat shield for atmospheric reentry. His early 1960s concepts influenced later designs like the 1990s Delta Clipper, also from Douglas. Philip Bono was born in Brooklyn, New York on 13 January 1921. He graduated", "id": "3522771" }, { "contents": "Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment\n\n\nof new space services and other activities that would improve U.S. economic competitiveness. The program implemented the National Space Transportation Policy, which is designed to accelerate the development of new launch technologies and concepts to contribute to the continuing commercialization of the national space launch industry. Both the X-33 and the smaller X-34 technology testbed demonstrator were under the Space Transportation Program Offices at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. The air-launched, winged X-34 also was to demonstrate technologies applicable to future-generation reusable launch vehicles designed to dramatically", "id": "20761669" }, { "contents": "Adolf Thiel\n\n\nfor the Thor ballistic missile, which became a first-stage launch for the Explorer spacecraft. He was director of space projects for TRW when it developed Explorer VI and Pioneer V, two of the earliest US craft to explore interplanetary space. He oversaw all of TRW's space programs during the 1970s. After his retirement in 1980 as a senior vice president, Thiel served as an executive consultant to TRW and on NASA planning groups. He was named a fellow of the American Astronautical Society in 1968. He married Frances Thiel", "id": "11277096" }, { "contents": "BAC Mustard\n\n\nin other space programmes, such as the American Space Shuttle. Mustard was a modular re-usable space launch system, comprising multiple copies of a single vehicle design, each of which was configured for a different role as a booster stage or an orbital spaceplane. The core vehicle design resembled the basic layout of the Douglas Astro, both being delta-winged reusable vehicles, as would the later American Space Shuttle. Furthermore, all three functioned as vertically-launched rockets and used integral wings so that they could land horizontally,", "id": "11296482" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nSSIA) to fabricate and launch the Conestoga I off Matagorda Island, Texas which became the first privately funded rocket to reach space. In 1992 Space Vector teamed with Coleman Research Corporation (now a division of L-3 Communications) and Aerotherm to provide the Army Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC) with 25 Hera target vehicles to support testing of THAAD and Patriot PAC-3 anti-ballistic missile systems. Space Vector went on to earn the distinction in 1997 as the first company to air launch a minuteman based target vehicle. The single", "id": "7487031" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n-range ballistic missile and the large Saturn I booster rocket. Following the Russian Sputnik launch, in July 1960 he moved with other von Braun rocket scientists from the Army Ballistic Missile Agency to the newly founded NASA. There, as part of the Apollo moon-landing program, he made major contributions working on the Saturn V booster rocket, on aerothermodynamics, and on liquid hydrogen propellant systems. He subsequently was involved in numerous projects contributing to the nation's manned and unmanned space flight programs, especially Skylab and the Space Shuttle", "id": "21371186" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nthe NLS-1 core stage. The NLS program did not venture beyond the planning stages and did not survive the Presidency of Bill Clinton, which started in January 1993. In 1992, Daniel Goldin was selected to replace Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly as NASA administrator. Goldin championed the motto, \"faster, better, cheaper,\" which may not have fit the ambitious NLS vision. A NASA history from 1998 says that reusable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) rockets and space planes such as the McDonnell Douglas DC", "id": "11086743" }, { "contents": "Gary Hudson (engineer)\n\n\nGary Hudson has been involved in private spaceflight development for over 40 years. Hudson is best known as the founder of Rotary Rocket Company, which in spending ~$30 Million attempted to build a unique single stage to orbit launch vehicle known as the Roton. Rotary Rocket built a landing test simulator (the Roton ATV) which flew three successful test flights in 1999. He also helped found Transformational Space T/Space in 2004. He also helped found AirLaunch LLC which was awarded the DARPA/USAF FALCON project in 2003. Previous projects", "id": "10746924" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nof Space Shuttle Columbia touched down on Rogers Dry Lakebed, with Astronauts John Young and Robert Crippin successfully landing the first orbiting space vehicle ever to leave the Earth under rocket power and return to Earth aerodynamically for re-use. The \"Flying Wing\" returned to Edwards in the late 1980s when the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber began testing, and at a remote site, the F-117A Nighthawk stealth fighter. Air-Launched Cruise Missile, and LANTIRN systems were also tested during the 1980s. The 1990s saw the arrival of the Lockheed", "id": "14946576" }, { "contents": "Jerry Pournelle\n\n\nof making recommendation to the US Air Force on investment in technologies required to build the missile force to be deployed in 1975. After Project 75 was completed Pournelle became manager of several advanced concept studies. At North American Rockwell’s Space Division, Pournelle was associate director of operations research, where he took part in the Apollo program and general operations. He was founding President of the Pepperdine Research Institute. In 1989, Pournelle, Max Hunter, and retired Army Lieutenant General Daniel O. Graham made a presentation to then Vice President Dan", "id": "16491387" }, { "contents": "United States Air Force Plant 42\n\n\nby McDonnell Douglas, St. Louis, Missouri, and transported by aircraft to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. They were also transported by aircraft from Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility to the Kennedy Space Center. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration had been paying the Air Force for use of Plant 42 facilities for the shuttle work. NASA decided in February 2002 to shift space shuttle overhaul and modification work from Palmdale to Florida. Current projects include design, engineering, pre-production, production, modification, flight testing, servicing and repair", "id": "9173070" }, { "contents": "William C. Schwartz\n\n\nspace vehicles and orbital calculations. He was a member of the founding group within NAA involved with the development of space vehicles and which developed the Apollo program. In the early 1960s, he moved to The Martin Company (later Martin Marietta and now Lockheed Martin), where he managed three departments, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Human Factors for the missile developer. It was during this period that he became involved in laser research and development. Shortly after the invention of the laser in 1960, Martin recognized its potential in", "id": "13650865" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthat could lead to an SSTO vehicle. The one-third-size test craft was operated and maintained by a small team of three people based out of a trailer, and the craft was once relaunched less than 24 hours after landing. Although the test program was not without mishap (including a minor explosion), the DC-X demonstrated that the maintenance aspects of the concept were sound. That project was cancelled when it landed with three of four legs deployed, tipped over, and exploded on the fourth flight after", "id": "10328911" }, { "contents": "Marti Sarigul-Klijn\n\n\nDr. Marti Sarigul-Klijn is an expert at rapidly designing, fabricating, and test flying proof-of-concept prototypes. He holds a Ph.D. in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and is a graduate of the United States Naval Test Pilot School and the United States Naval Academy. After completing twenty years in the Navy with the final rank of Commander, he has since worked on over 20 design proposals that include aircraft, UAV's, rocket propulsion, and space launch vehicles. Seven of these proposals continued to", "id": "11065599" }, { "contents": "Jerauld R. Gentry\n\n\nJerauld Richard \"Jerry\" Gentry (May 16, 1935 – March 3, 2003) was a United States Air Force (USAF) test pilot and Vietnam combat veteran. As chief USAF pilot of the Lifting Body Research Program, he helped validate the concept of flying a wingless vehicle back to Earth from space and landing it like an aircraft—an approach used by the Space Shuttle and to a greater degree by vehicles such as the Lockheed Martin X-33 and NASA X-38. Gentry completed thirty lifting body flights including the first flight", "id": "21488944" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nlifting body shape, composite multi-lobed liquid fuel tanks, and the aerospike engine, NASA and Lockheed Martin hoped to test fly a craft that would demonstrate the viability of a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) design. A spacecraft capable of reaching orbit in a single stage would not require external fuel tanks or boosters to reach low Earth orbit. Doing away with the need for \"staging\" with launch vehicles, such as with the Shuttle and the Apollo rockets, would lead to an inherently more reliable", "id": "9997271" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfor a proposed SSTO. It is one of only a few prototype SSTO vehicles ever built. Several other prototypes were intended, including the DC-X2 (a half-scale prototype) and the DC-Y, a full-scale vehicle which would be capable of single stage insertion into orbit. Neither of these were built, but the project was taken over by NASA in 1995, and they built the DC-XA, an upgraded one-third scale prototype. This vehicle was lost when it landed with only", "id": "10328890" }, { "contents": "Landing gear\n\n\ne.g., the Space Shuttle, or the USAF X-37), landing gear have been largely absent from orbital vehicles during the early decades since the advent of spaceflight technology, when orbital space transport has been the exclusive preserve of national-monopoly governmental space programs. Each spaceflight system to date has relied on expendable boosters to begin each ascent to orbital velocity. Recent advances in private space transport, where new competition to governmental space initiatives has emerged, have included the explicit design of landing gear into orbital booster rockets. SpaceX has initiated", "id": "10876701" }, { "contents": "Eric Boe\n\n\ninvolves work with displays and controls for future space vehicles. He made his first trip to space as pilot of during STS-126 on November 14, 2008. Boe flew his second space flight as pilot on STS-133, the final scheduled flight of the Space Shuttle \"Discovery\" and the third-to-last flight of the Space Shuttle program. In August 2012, Boe was named Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office. In July 2015, NASA announced Boe as one of the first astronauts for U.S. Commercial spaceflights. Subsequently, he", "id": "14264618" }, { "contents": "Melvin B. Zisfein\n\n\nMelvin B. Zisfein (1926-1995) was an aircraft designer and a Deputy Director of the U.S. National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC. Zisfein graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with degrees in aeronautical engineering (B.S. 1948; M.S. 1948) and worked as a designer, aerodynamicist, and manager for aircraft companies from then until 1966. He was associate director of the Franklin Institute Research Laboratories from 1966 to 1971. From 1971 to 1982 he served as the deputy director of the National Air and Space Museum,", "id": "1801139" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nselected from the Air Force's test pilot cadre. Additionally, the AFTC assisted with the testing of rocket engines and re-entry vehicles. Along with the X-15, pilots at Edwards were expanding the frontiers of atmospheric flight, testing the XB-70 Valkyrie high-altitude bomber, along with the YF-12 interceptor for Air Defense Command and the SR-71 Blackbird Strategic Reconnaissance aircraft for Strategic Air Command. With the decline of the military manned space mission after the NASA Lunar Landing Program ended, the Aerospace Research Pilot School was once again re-", "id": "14946574" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nDC-X were hired by Blue Origin, and their New Shepard vehicle was inspired by the DC-X design. Blue Origin does not require the high cross range capabilities, and therefore uses a base-first re-entry profile. Also, the DC-X provided inspiration for many elements of Armadillo Aerospace's, Masten Space Systems's, and TGV Rockets's spacecraft designs. Some NASA engineers believe that the DC-X could provide a solution for a crewed Mars lander. Had a DC-type craft been", "id": "15420693" }, { "contents": "Rockwell X-30\n\n\nThe Rockwell X-30 was an advanced technology demonstrator project for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP), part of a United States project to create a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spacecraft and passenger spaceliner. It was cancelled in the early 1990s before a prototype was completed, although much development work in advanced materials and aerospace design was completed. While a goal of a future NASP was a passenger liner capable of two-hour flights from Washington to Tokyo, the X-30 was planned for a crew of", "id": "16588465" }, { "contents": "SpaceDev\n\n\nSpaceDev, a part of the \"Space Systems Business\" of Sierra Nevada Corporation, is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work. It designed and built components for the hybrid rocket motors for Paul Allen's Tier One suborbital SpaceShipOne space program operated by Scaled Composites. It is also developing micro- and nano-satellites, a small expendable launch vehicle, the SpaceDev Streaker, and has designed a piloted suborbital and orbital spaceship of its own, the SpaceDev Dream Chaser, in collaboration with NASA. SpaceDev is based near San Diego in", "id": "16321029" }, { "contents": "Glenn L. Martin Company\n\n\nby the American space program as one of its first satellite booster rockets as part of Project Vanguard. The Vanguard was the first American space exploration rocket designed from scratch to be an orbital launch vehicle — rather than being a modified sounding rocket (like the Juno I) or a ballistic missile (like the U.S. Army's Redstone missile). Martin also designed and manufactured the huge and heavily armed Titan I and LGM-25C Titan II Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). Martin Company of Orlando, Florida, was the prime contractor for", "id": "10667744" }, { "contents": "Shuttlecraft (Star Trek)\n\n\nplanetary surface and space. Wernher Von Braun in the 1950s conceived of a reusable winged spacecraft as a ferry rocket. Plans for such vehicles were referred to as \"DC-3\" by spacecraft designer Maxime Faget and Integrated Launch and Reentry Vehicle (ILRV) by NASA. During the late 1960s, while \"\" was being broadcast, these concepts became known as Space Shuttle. In a speech given to the British Interplanetary Society in August 1968 George Mueller, head of the NASA Office of Manned Space Flight, mentioned the need for a", "id": "13203374" }, { "contents": "The Aerospace Corporation\n\n\n. Gen. Bernard A. Schriever announced the \"formation of a new nonprofit organization, The Aerospace Corporation, to serve the Air Force in the scientific and technical planning and management of missile-space programs.\" Among the earliest projects it supported were the Dyna-Soar orbital spaceplane, Project Mercury, and the man-rating of the Atlas (rocket) intercontinental ballistic missile. The Aerospace Corporation provided general systems engineering and technical direction for the Titan II missile, first tested in 1962, which became the launch vehicle for Project Gemini", "id": "15141218" }, { "contents": "Timothy Creamer\n\n\nPrior to his astronaut selection in 1998, he had been working as a space operations officer, with the Army Space Command, stationed in Houston, Texas. He is now the Army’s NASA Detachment commander. Creamer was assigned to NASA at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in July 1995 as a Space Shuttle vehicle integration test engineer. His duties primarily involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle. He was actively involved in the integrated tests of the systems for each Orbiter for its preparations for its", "id": "7264360" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nof the rocket, the Clipper Graham soared into the skies over the old White Sands Missile Range to a height of 3,120 meters (10,300 ft) and stayed in the air for over two minutes before landing. That flight was the highest and longest the vehicle had ever flown until then. Robert A. Heinlein dedicated his 1985 novel The Cat Who Walks Through Walls to Graham and eight of the other members of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy. Graham was chairman of the American Space Frontier Committee, the Coalition for", "id": "5770554" }, { "contents": "SpaceX\n\n\nhas one of the largest concentrations of aerospace headquarters, facilities, and/or subsidiaries in the U.S., including Boeing/McDonnell Douglas main satellite building campuses, Aerospace Corp., Raytheon, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Air Force Space Command's Space and Missile Systems Center at Los Angeles Air Force Base, Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems, Northrop Grumman, and AECOM, etc., with a large pool of aerospace engineers and recent college engineering graduates. SpaceX utilizes a high degree of vertical integration in the production of its rockets and rocket", "id": "10001424" }, { "contents": "William H. Gerstenmaier\n\n\n1980, Gerstenmaier moved to Houston, Texas, to work at the Johnson Space Center, researching propulsion related to the Space Shuttle, and was involved in the earliest phases of the International Space Station design. In 1984, he was a semi-finalist in the selection for NASA Astronaut Group 10. In 1988, he first served as manager of Space Shuttle Program Integration, and then went on to serve as head of the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle Operations Office. Following that, he became Director of Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom", "id": "13055214" }, { "contents": "Bruno Augenstein\n\n\nBruno Wilhelm Augenstein (March 16, 1923 – July 6, 2005) was a German-born mathematician and physicist who made important contributions in space technology, ballistic missile research, satellites, antimatter, and many other areas. Augenstein worked in the Aerophysics Laboratory at North American Aviation on diverse projects including weaponization of the V-2 rocket, a ramjet-powered vehicle that later became the Navajo missile. He entered RAND Corporation as a consultant and subcontractor in 1949. Initially at RAND he developed an interest in long range missiles. Augenstein", "id": "1664472" }, { "contents": "Robert R. Gilruth\n\n\nRobert Rowe Gilruth (October 8, 1913 – August 17, 2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. He worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics from 1937 to 1958 and its successor NASA, until his retirement in 1973. He was involved with early research into supersonic flight and rocket-powered aircraft, and then with the United States manned space program, including the Mercury, Gemini", "id": "19875506" } ]

[ { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nMaxwell White Hunter II (March 11, 1922 – November 10, 2001) was a prominent American aerospace engineer. He worked on the design of the Douglas B-42 and Douglas B-43 bombers, the Honest John, Nike-Ajax, and Nike-Zeus missiles, the Thor IRBM, and on parts of the Strategic Defense Initiative. In later years he worked on space-launch vehicles and was a proponent of Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) designs. He was honored in 1995 by the National Space Society", "id": "13829898" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvariety of projects including parts of the mammoth Strategic Defense Initiative. SDI gave him a chance at realizing a dream he had nurtured since the 1960s: the construction of a Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle. In 1984, Hunter proposed a vehicle he called the X-rocket, based on those earlier SSTO designs. The design was reviewed by LMSC's Astronautics Division (AD), which judged it worth pursuing, and by its Missile Systems Division (MSD), which did not. LMSC then", "id": "13829902" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\npayloads into Earth orbit today. After working for Douglas Aircraft from 1944 to 1961, Hunter joined the staff of the National Aeronautics and Space Council, a group that advised the U.S. president on space policy. Following several years in that position, he went back to the aerospace industry in 1965, spending over two decades with Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (LMSC). (LMSC was a division of Lockheed Corporation, which merged with Martin Marietta in 1995 to become Lockheed-Martin.) At LMSC, Hunter worked on a", "id": "13829901" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nspace systems. In this position he oversaw the production of military missiles including the Honest John artillery rocket, the Nike antiaircraft missile, and the Sparrow air-to-air missile. Douglas Aircraft began work on the Thor, an early Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM), in late 1955 and put Hunter in charge of that program. He assembled a small team of crack designers and brought the development to success in a short time. Thor became the basis of the McDonnell Douglas Delta rocket, whose descendants are still boosting", "id": "13829900" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nand High Frontier convinced SDI management and other national officials that a study should be initiated to determine once and for all the feasibility of SSTO vehicles for military missions. This led to a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) program to design a single-stage vehicle that could replace military satellites on short notice during a national emergency. This vehicle was known as the Delta Clipper. McDonnell Douglas Corporation was contracted to build and test fly a one-third-scale, suborbital testbed called the DC-X, or Delta Clipper", "id": "13829904" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvehicle tipped over at landing. Funding to make repairs and continue flight tests was not made available. Max Hunter continued to advise on space policy issues and advocate the building of SSTO vehicles for airline-like access to space, a goal he was sure could be attained. He chaired the Rules Committee for the Ansari X Prize, announced in 1996, a $10 million prize for the first reusable craft to reach space twice within two weeks without substantial refit. In October 2000, he agreed to serve as Chairman of the", "id": "13829906" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nExperimental. While not capable of spaceflight, the DC-X incorporated many of the technologies needed for an SSTO vehicle, including highly automated systems enabling a quick turnaround (just twenty-six hours) between launches. It made eight successful test flights between August 18, 1993, and July 7, 1995, and then was taken over by NASA and flown four times as the DC-XA between May 18 and July 31, 1996. It was damaged on its last flight when one landing strut failed to deploy and the", "id": "13829905" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nfor lifelong contributions to the technology of spaceflight. Maxwell Hunter was born in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania and graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in that state with a degree in physics and mathematics. In 1944, he earned a Master's Degree in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). After earning his MS from MIT, Hunter went to work for the Douglas Aircraft Company. He became their chief designer in aeronautics, working on modifications of the B-42 and B-43 bombers. Later he was promoted to chief engineer for", "id": "13829899" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\ndeclined to support further work on the X-rocket, and Hunter retired. As an independent consultant, he renamed the concept SSX (for Space Ship Experimental), and began to refine it. In December 1988 the ad hoc Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy was briefed on the concept by Hunter and others. The general concept was endorsed by the Council and by High Frontier, Inc., a Washington-based group headed by Lt. Gen. Daniel O. Graham that lobbied for SDI programs. Working together, Hunter", "id": "13829903" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nAdvisory Board for the Undersea Hotel Project of the Cala Corporation. He died at Stanford Hospital, Stanford, California on the evening of November 10, 2001 after a lingering illness. Max Hunter was Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Beta Pi, and a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), the American Astronautical Society (AAS), and the British Interplanetary Society (BIS). He was also a member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) and an honorary member of the Japanese Rocket Society", "id": "13829907" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nThe DC-X, short for Delta Clipper or Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed prototype of a reusable single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle built by McDonnell Douglas in conjunction with the United States Department of Defense's Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) from 1991 to 1993. Starting 1994 until 1995, testing continued through funding of the US civil space agency NASA. In 1996, the DC-X technology was completely transferred to NASA, which upgraded the design for improved performance to create the DC-XA", "id": "15420672" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nvehicles was prepared by Chrysler Corporation's Space Division in 1970–1971 under NASA contract NAS8-26341. Their proposal (Shuttle SERV) was an enormous vehicle with more than of payload, utilizing jet engines for (vertical) landing. While the technical problems seemed to be solvable, the USAF required a winged design that led to the Shuttle as we know it today. The uncrewed DC-X technology demonstrator, originally developed by McDonnell Douglas for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program office, was an attempt to build a vehicle", "id": "10328910" }, { "contents": "David Urie\n\n\nsystem before initiating and heading the Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) and X-33 Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Programs at Lockheed. Urie's work as the program manager for the previously classified Have Region project demonstrated that rocket-powered single-stage-to-orbit vehicles were technically feasible, which led to the Lockheed Martin SSTO design approach. As a Director of the Lockheed-Martin Skunk Works SSTO/RLV Advanced Technology Demonstration Program, Urie conceived and developed the aerospike rocket propelled lifting body that was selected by NASA as", "id": "20876395" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nearly stages of flight; and flight within Earth's atmosphere, which limits speed in the early stages of flight and influences engine performance. Additionally, the retirement of NASA's Shuttle launch vehicle has resulted in a substantial reduction in the cost to launch a kilogram of payload to either low Earth orbit or the International Space Station, removing the main projected advantage of the SSTO concept. Notable single stage to orbit concepts include Skylon, the DC-X, the Lockheed Martin X-33, and the Roton SSTO. However, despite showing", "id": "10328885" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nThe Lockheed Martin X-33 was an uncrewed, sub-scale technology demonstrator suborbital spaceplane developed in the 1990s under the U.S. government-funded Space Launch Initiative program. The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for the VentureStar orbital spaceplane, which was planned to be a next-generation, commercially operated reusable launch vehicle. The X-33 would flight-test a range of technologies that NASA believed it needed for single-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicles (SSTO RLVs), such as metallic thermal protection systems, composite cryogenic fuel tanks", "id": "9997267" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n. During the 1960s some of the first concept designs for this kind of craft began to emerge. One of the earliest SSTO concepts was the expendable One stage Orbital Space Truck (OOST) proposed by Philip Bono, an engineer for Douglas Aircraft Company. A reusable version named ROOST was also proposed. Another early SSTO concept was a reusable launch vehicle named NEXUS which was proposed by Krafft Arnold Ehricke in the early 1960s. It was one of the largest spacecraft ever conceptualized with a diameter of over 50 metres and the capability to", "id": "10328887" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n. According to writer Jerry Pournelle: \"DC-X was conceived in my living room and sold to National Space Council Chairman Dan Quayle by General Graham, Max Hunter and me.\" According to Max Hunter, however, he had tried hard to convince Lockheed Martin of the concept's value for several years before he retired. Hunter had written a paper in 1985 entitled \"The Opportunity\", detailing the concept of a Single-Stage-To-Orbit spacecraft built with low-cost \"off-the-shelf", "id": "15420673" }, { "contents": "Rob Meyerson\n\n\nInitiative contract with NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. Meyerson launched his career as an aerospace engineer at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) from 1985 to 1997 working on human spaceflight systems, including the aerodynamic design of the Space Shuttle orbiter drag parachute, as well as the overall design, integration, and flight test of a gliding parachute for the X-38 Crew Rescue Vehicle, a crew return vehicle designed to return astronauts to earth from the International Space Station. Meyerson began with NASA in 1985 as a cooperative education student at JSC", "id": "8603673" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nfor the X-33 was selected over competing concepts from Boeing and McDonnell Douglas. Boeing proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design, and McDonnell Douglas proposed a design based on its vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL) DC-XA test vehicle. The uncrewed X-33 was slated to fly 15 suborbital hops to near 75.8 km altitude. It was to be launched upright like a rocket and rather than having a straight flight path it would fly diagonally up for half the flight, reaching extremely high altitudes, and then for the rest of the", "id": "9997274" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nThe methodologies were later adopted as a standard by the Air Transport Association. He later joined the Thor missile project as the chief design engineer, and this introduced him to the world of space launchers. With new upper stages, Thor became the Delta, one of the most-used launchers in the 1960s. In spite of Thor's success, Hunter was dissatisfied with the state of the launcher market and later wrote that \"by the end of 1963 the state of recoverable rockets was terrible.\" He was convinced that as", "id": "7750830" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nit the DC-X for Delta Clipper Experimental. The name honored the firm's successful Thor/Delta rocket and recalled the famous 19th-century commercial clipper ships. The McDonnell Douglas SSTO team saw the Delta Clipper as opening the \"space trade routes in the same way that the Yankee Clipper ships opened the sea trade routes.\" The needs of the commercial launch industry thus were integral to the thinking of the McDonnell Douglas DC-X team. General Graham envisioned the DC-X as the perfect inexpensive launch and delivery", "id": "5770549" }, { "contents": "George Huebner\n\n\nproduce intercontinental ballistic missiles. Huebner was named executive engineer in charge of Chrysler's Missile Branch. At the time he was serving as executive engineer of research for Chrysler in their automotive division. He developed a complete research and development missile facility that included engineering, testing, and production of the Redstone rocket. These rockets ultimately launched into orbit the first U.S. satellites and the first manned space flights. Huebner worked closely with Wernher von Braun on the space program. For two years he worked on this rocket project and then went back", "id": "15004097" }, { "contents": "Reusable launch system\n\n\nthe McDonnell Douglas Delta Clipper VTOL SSTO proposal progressed to the testing phase. The DC-X prototype demonstrated rapid turnaround time and automatic computer control. In mid-1990, British research evolved an earlier HOTOL design into the far more promising Skylon design, which remains in development. From the commercial side, Rocketplane Kistler and Rotary Rocket attempted to build reusable privately developed rockets before going bankrupt. NASA proposed risky reusable concepts to replace the Shuttle technology, to be demonstrated under the X-33 and X-34 programs, which were both cancelled in the early", "id": "19421229" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\na number of SSTO advocates to reconsider hydrogen as a satisfactory fuel. The late Max Hunter, while employing hydrogen fuel in the DC-X, often said that he thought the first successful orbital SSTO would more likely be fueled by propane. Some SSTO concepts use the same engine for all altitudes, which is a problem for traditional engines with a bell-shaped nozzle. Depending on the atmospheric pressure, different bell shapes are optimal. Engines operating in the lower atmosphere have shorter bells than those designed to work in vacuum.", "id": "10328899" }, { "contents": "George Mueller (NASA)\n\n\ndesigns ranged from 'simple' concepts like Martin Marietta's six person reusable craft similar to the Dyna-Soar (launched by a Titan III-M), to partially reusable concepts like Lockheed's Star Clipper or Tip Tank from McDonnell Douglas, to fully reusable two-stage vehicles like the one proposed by General Dynamics. Following this symposium Mueller continued to champion a \"space shuttle\". He did not invent the term, but he made it his own. He was also a keen proponent of space stations and was", "id": "16249187" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nIn October 2000, Beal Aerospace ceased operations citing a decision by NASA and the Department of Defense to commit themselves to the development of the competing government-financed EELV program. In 1998 Rotary Rocket proposed the Roton, a Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) piloted Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) space transport. A full scale Roton Atmospheric Test Vehicle flew three times in 1999. After spending tens of millions of dollars in development the Roton failed to secure launch contracts and Rotary Rocket ceased operations in 2001. On", "id": "288621" }, { "contents": "List of human spaceflight programs\n\n\ncommissioned by the Russian Aerospace Agency since 1993. The Kankoh-maru (観光丸? Kankōmaru) is the name of a proposed vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL), single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), reusable launch system (rocket-powered spacecraft). The Ansari X Prize was a space competition in which the X Prize Foundation offered a US$10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable crewed spacecraft into space twice within two weeks. Twenty-six teams from around the world", "id": "19978394" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nby 2016, and some space ventures have had to turn away investor funding. After earlier first effort of OTRAG, in the 1990s the projection of a significant demand for communications satellite launches attracted the development of a number of commercial space launch providers. The launch demand largely vanished when some of the largest satellite constellations, such as 288 satellite Teledesic network, were never built. In 1996 NASA selected Lockheed Martin Skunk Works to build the X-33 VentureStar prototype for a single stage to orbit (SSTO) reusable launch vehicle. In 1999", "id": "288619" }, { "contents": "James Smith McDonnell\n\n\nMcDonnell Aircraft Corporation in 1939. Headquartered in St. Louis, the company quickly grew into a principal supplier of fighter aircraft to the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy, including the F-4 Phantom II fighter and the Mercury and Gemini space capsules. In 1967, McDonnell Aircraft merged with the Douglas Aircraft Company to create McDonnell Douglas. Later that year Douglas Aircraft Company's space and missiles division became part of a new subsidiary called McDonnell Douglas Astronautics, located in Huntington Beach, California, producing the Delta series of launch vehicles. The new", "id": "21028393" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\ndeath, the first launch vehicle based on his designs, the McDonnell Douglas DC-X (Delta Clipper) began a largely successful series of test flights. The DC-X was a vertical-takeoff and vertical landing vehicle. The series of test flights began on 18 August 1993 and continued until the upgraded version of the launch vehicle (renamed the DC-XA) tipped over on landing on July 31, 1996. Among Bono's visionary designs was a 1960 Boeing design for a manned Mars spacecraft capable of carrying a", "id": "3522773" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\neight Block II satellites for flights on the new Delta II expendable Medium Launch Vehicle in lieu of the Space Shuttle. Space Division awarded the Medium Launch Vehicle (MLV) contract to McDonnell-Douglas Astronautics Company on 21 January 1987. However, unlike earlier commercial arrangements, the company would no longer be under contract to NASA. Under the new Commercial Expendable Launch Vehicle program encouraged by president Ronald Reagan since 1983, McDonnell-Douglas would be responsible for producing, marketing and launching its commercial Delta IIs. The Air Force would be", "id": "19923501" }, { "contents": "Mel Hunter\n\n\nfor the years 1960-1962. As Hunter's science fiction career blossomed, so did his technical and scientific illustrations. Hunter's love of air and space took him from California's desert runways to Florida's seacoast launchpads to illustrate every variety of jet-age aircraft and space-age rocket imaginable—from X-15 to Saturn V. One of Hunter's best-known books is \"The Missilemen\", a photo illustrated work published in 1960 by Doubleday. Hunter visited U.S. rocket and missile sites during the late 1950s; he", "id": "20560131" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\na single-stage-to-orbit vehicle. Five companies expressed interest and proposed concepts. Three (LM, Rockwell and McDonnell Douglas) were selected for workup into more detailed proposals. Rockwell proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design. It would have used one Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) and two RL-10-5A engines. In a subsequent full-scale system to reach orbit Rockwell planned to use six Rocketdyne RS-2100 engines. McDonnell Douglas featured a design using liquid oxygen/hydrogen bell engines based on its vertical takeoff", "id": "9997282" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\nresearch ways to make more efficient use of the wing surface during high-speed maneuvers. The Directorate is also a collaborator with DARPA, the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Sandia National Laboratories and AFRL's Space Vehicles Directorate on the FALCON program, which includes the HTV-3X Blackswift hypersonic flight demonstration vehicle. The Air Vehicles Directorate also collaborated with NASA and Boeing on the initial work for the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle and the 80% scaled version, X-40A Space Maneuver Vehicle, prior to the classification of the program and", "id": "1842734" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nparts for re-use. After landing the vehicle would be refit, mated with another tank, and be ready for another mission. Hunter moved to Lockheed in the fall of 1965. On his first day he was asked if there was anything Lockheed should be looking at, and he immediately suggested development of his stage-and-a-half design. His suggestions caught the ear of Eugene Root, president of Lockheed Missiles and Space, who gave him the go-ahead to study what became known as the Star", "id": "7750834" }, { "contents": "PGM-17 Thor\n\n\ndeployment as a missile a few years after deployment, the Thor rocket found widespread use as a space launch vehicle. It was the first in a large family of space launch vehicles—the Delta rockets. The last remaining descendant of the Thor, the Delta II, was retired in 2018, and the Delta IV is based on entirely new technology, unlike the Delta II. see Project Emily Stations and Squadrons Family: Thor IRBM, Thor DM-18 (single stage LV); Thor DM-19 (rocket 1st stage), Thor", "id": "15220989" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthree of its four landing pads deployed, which caused it to tip over on its side and explode. The project has not been continued since. From 1999 to 2001 Rotary Rocket attempted to build a SSTO vehicle called the Roton. It received a large amount of media attention and a working sub-scale prototype was completed, but the design was largely impractical. There have been various approaches to SSTO, including pure rockets that are launched and land vertically, air-breathing scramjet-powered vehicles that are launched and land horizontally", "id": "10328891" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\n. The facilities for testing rockets are frequently used for testing new rocket engines including the RS-68 rocket engine developed for use on the Delta IV launch vehicle. The space propulsion area also develops technologies for use in satellites on-orbit to alter their orbits. An AFRL-developed experimental Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) arcjet was flown on the ARGOS satellite in 1999 as part of the Air Force Space Test Program. The Directorate currently manages the X-51A program, which is developing a scramjet demonstration vehicle. The X-51 program is working", "id": "1842749" }, { "contents": "Laurel van der Wal\n\n\nhonors. Her graduate education was funded in part by a National Research Council fellowship to study aeronautics in Stockholm, Sweden. As a young engineer van der Wal worked at Douglas Aircraft as a data analyst on the Nike missile program, and later designing missile systems for the Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation. Starting in 1958, she was the project engineer on three MIA (Mouse-in-Able) launches from Cape Canaveral, as head of bioastronautics at Space Technology Laboratories. She was named the \"Los Angeles Times\"'s \"", "id": "12236594" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nThe National Launch System (or New Launch System) was a study authorized in 1991 by President George H. W. Bush to outline alternatives to the Space Shuttle for access to Earth orbit. Shortly thereafter, NASA asked Lockheed Missiles and Space, McDonnell Douglas, and TRW to perform a ten-month study. A series of launch vehicles was proposed, based around the proposed Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) liquid-fuel rocket engine. The STME was to be a simplified, expendable version of the Space Shuttle main engine (", "id": "11086741" }, { "contents": "Michael R. Clifford\n\n\nfrom the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and was designated an experimental test pilot. In December 1995, Clifford retired from the army. As a military officer, Clifford was assigned to the Johnson Space Center in July 1987. As a Space Shuttle Vehicle Integration engineer, his duties involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle Program. He was involved in design certification and integration of the Shuttle Crew Escape System, and was an executive board member of the Solid Rocket Booster Postflight Assessment Team. Selected as an astronaut", "id": "18151051" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n. In the Shuttle development effort he led a team working on vehicle aerodynamics and the main engines, which included developing full-scale component tests and scaling methodologies, and applying computational fluid dynamics to overcome a wide range of aerothermochemistry problems. He was Chief of the Aerophysics Division at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center until 1992, when he became Chief Aerodynamicist at the NASA Center. He was awarded the AIAA Aerodynamics Award in 1997 for his exceptional lifetime contributions to the aerodynamic design and analysis of strategic missiles and manned/unmanned launch", "id": "21371187" }, { "contents": "Robert A. Heinlein\n\n\noften in his fiction, as do fictitious strikable self-lighting cigarettes. In 1980 Robert Heinlein was a member of the Citizens Advisory Council on National Space Policy, chaired by Jerry Pournelle, which met at the home of SF writer Larry Niven to write space policy papers for the incoming Reagan Administration. Members included such aerospace industry leaders as former astronaut Buzz Aldrin, General Daniel O. Graham, aerospace engineer Max Hunter and North American Rockwell VP for Space Shuttle development George Merrick. Policy recommendations from the Council included ballistic missile defense concepts", "id": "5599733" }, { "contents": "Wernher von Braun\n\n\nUnited States, along with about 1,600 other German scientists, engineers, and technicians, as part of Operation Paperclip. He worked for the United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) program, and he developed the rockets that launched the United States' first space satellite Explorer 1. His group was assimilated into NASA, where he served as director of the newly formed Marshall Space Flight Center and as the chief architect of the Saturn V super heavy-lift launch vehicle that propelled the Apollo spacecraft to the", "id": "15033628" }, { "contents": "Jarvis (rocket)\n\n\nJarvis was a proposed American medium-lift launch vehicle for space launch, designed by Hughes Aircraft and Boeing during the mid-1980s as part of the joint United States Air Force (USAF)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Launch System (ALS) study. Intended to utilize engines and tooling in storage from the Saturn V rocket program along with Space Shuttle components, and projected to be capable of carrying up to six satellites into multiple orbits using a single launch (e.g. GPS constellation), the proposal failed to meet the ALS", "id": "15822979" }, { "contents": "Robert F. Overmyer\n\n\nMarch 1988, he joined the Space Station Team at McDonnell Douglas Aerospace, where he led crew and operations activities for seven years. He retired from McDonnell Douglas in April 1995 and expanded the scope of Mach Twenty Five International, continuing his aerospace consultation work as well as speaking engagements and writing. Overmyer continued his career as a general aviation test pilot. Having former experience with aeronautical testing at both U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School and NASA, he joined Minnesota-based aircraft manufacturer Cirrus Design (now called Cirrus Aircraft) as", "id": "19963429" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n, nuclear-powered vehicles, and even jet-engine-powered vehicles that can fly into orbit and return landing like an airliner, completely intact. For rocket-powered SSTO, the main challenge is achieving a high enough mass-ratio to carry sufficient propellant to achieve orbit, plus a meaningful payload weight. One possibility is to give the rocket an initial speed with a space gun, as planned in the Quicklaunch project. For air-breathing SSTO, the main challenge is system complexity and associated research and development costs", "id": "10328892" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfuel for increasing efficiency once in space. Further examples of Bono's early concepts (prior to the 1990s) which were never constructed include: Around 1985 the NASP project was intended to launch a scramjet vehicle into orbit, but funding was stopped and the project cancelled. At around the same time, the HOTOL tried to use precooled jet engine technology, but failed to show significant advantages over rocket technology. The DC-X, short for Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed one-third scale vertical takeoff and landing demonstrator", "id": "10328889" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nShuttle design. The detailed study of the cost advantages of the drop tank design demonstrated a dramatic reduction in development risk, and as a result, development costs. When funding for STS development was cut, the drop tank was taken up as a way to meet the developmental budgets, leading to the semi-reusable Space Shuttle design. Maxwell Hunter was working at Douglas Aircraft where he formalized the calculation of aircraft operation economics. His methodologies were first published in 1940, and were later applied to the Douglas DC-6 and DC-7.", "id": "7750829" }, { "contents": "Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle\n\n\nThe Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle, designed for NASA's Project Mercury, was the first American crewed space booster. It was used for six sub-orbital Mercury flights from 1960–61; culminating with the launch of the first, and 11 weeks later, the second American (and the second and third humans) in space. The four subsequent Mercury human spaceflights used the more powerful Atlas booster to enter low Earth orbit. A member of the Redstone rocket family, it was derived from the U.S. Army's Redstone ballistic missile and", "id": "11828011" }, { "contents": "British Aerospace HOTOL\n\n\nspace launch system. In 1982, British Aerospace (BAe), which was Europe's principal satellite-builder, began studying a prospective new launch system with the aim of providing launch costs that were 20 per cent of the American Space Shuttle operated by NASA. BAe became aware of work by British engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce on a suitable engine, and soon conceived of an unmanned, fully reuseable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) winged spaceplane as a launch vehicle. Thus, the project had soon became", "id": "14493503" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\nrole in the civilian NASA Project Mercury, Project Gemini and Project Apollo manned space programs along with military Space Shuttle flights. The mission of the unit today is performed by the 45th Space Wing (no direct lineage). Activated in December 1950, replacing 550th Guided Missiles Wing. the 6555th had a distinguished career launching and/or managing ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and payloads for the Ballistic Systems Division, the Space Systems Division and the Space & Missile Systems Organization. As a Wing or a Group, the 6555th earned ten Air", "id": "19923442" }, { "contents": "William H. Dana\n\n\ncontributions to the lifting body program, Dana received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal. In 1976 he received the Haley Space Flight Award from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) for his research work on the M2-F3 lifting body control systems. A member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Dana is the author of several technical papers. In 1993, he was inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Honor. During the X-15 program, eight pilots flew above 264,000 feet or 50 miles, thereby qualifying as astronauts according to", "id": "8766846" }, { "contents": "USAF Hunter-Killer\n\n\nHunter-Killer is an unofficial project name based upon an \"Aviation Week & Space Technology\" article. The U.S. Air Force's Hunter-Killer program was a tactical unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV) procurement program. The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, a variant of the MQ-1 Predator won the project and was deployed in Afghanistan. This is the U.S. Air Force program for which several companies have developed vehicles. Although the J-UCAS concept is a long way from the early idea of a \"reusable cruise missile\",", "id": "18825446" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nlong as launchers were thrown away, access to space would never be affordable. Several companies had already completed early feasibility studies of fully reusable spacecraft, like the Martin Marietta Astrorocket and Douglas Astro. The designs used two flyback stages, one of which flew back to the launch point, while the other flew into orbit and landed after its mission. Hunter thought that any such design was tantamount to making two aircraft to do the job of one, and it was only the upper stage that was of any real use. By", "id": "7750831" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\ndirector of the CIA under Director William Colby and from 1974–1976 he was the director of the DIA. Ronald Reagan called upon General Graham to be his military advisor for his 1976 and 1980 campaigns. General Graham is a member of the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame. In later years, Graham devoted a lot of time to the research and development of Single-Stage To Orbit (SSTO) spacecraft in conjunction with NASA. McDonnell Douglas was awarded a contract to build an SSTO test vehicle on August 16, 1991, and named", "id": "5770548" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nBased on its experience working with Minuteman assets, Space Vector was tasked by Lockheed in 1980 to help develop the Homing Overlay Experiment (HOE) booster for the U.S. Army which would go on to become the first successful hit-to-kill intercept of a mock ballistic missile warhead outside the Earth’s atmosphere. This technology was later used by the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and expanded into the Exoatmospheric Reentry-vehicle Interception System (ERIS) program. In 1982 Space Vector was tapped by Space Services Inc. of America (", "id": "7487030" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nPhilip Bono (13 January 1921 – 23 May 1993) was a Douglas Aircraft Company engineer. He was a pioneer of reusable vertical landing single-stage to orbit launch vehicles. As a visionary designer, he is credited with inventing the first version of a recoverable single-stage spacecraft booster, and his contributions influenced spacecraft design. Bono pursued single-stage space launch as simpler and cheaper. He realized to do this he would need to use high specific impulse liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engines. Afterwards he proposed to", "id": "3522770" }, { "contents": "Vance D. Coffman\n\n\nin Aerospace Engineering of Iowa State University (ISU). Coffman had three brothers, all of which studied at ISU within the engineering and science departments. Coffman has Master's and Doctorate graduate in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University. In 1967, Coffman joined Lockheed Martin Corporation's Space Systems Division, working on the development of space programs and data processing systems for the corporation. By 1988 he was president of the Space Systems Division. He directed the Hubble Space Telescope project for Lockheed. By 1998 he was the chairman and", "id": "11284872" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n\" commercial parts and currently-available technology, but Lockheed Martin was not interested enough to fund such a program themselves. On February 15, 1989, Pournelle, Graham and Hunter were able to procure a meeting with Vice-President Dan Quayle. They \"sold\" the idea to SDIO by noting that any space-based weapons system would need to be serviced by a spacecraft that was far more reliable than the Space Shuttle, and offer lower launch costs and have much better turnaround times. Given the uncertainties of the design", "id": "15420674" }, { "contents": "Abdul Majid (physicist)\n\n\nand joined Pakistan's Space Program as a researcher in astrophysics and aeronautical labs. Majid worked under the supervision of noted Pakistani-Polish military scientist and aeronautical engineer, Air Commodore W. J. M. Turowicz, in the field of Rocket Technology and published numerous research papers. He is credited for the design and developed the Hypersonic Rocket Launch Vehicle or Hatf Missiles Series during his stay at SUPARCO. In 1983, Dr Majid was put in-charge of Satellite Development Program of Pakistan. He is widely credited for the indigenous development and launching", "id": "14780917" }, { "contents": "Martin Knutson\n\n\n's aging fleet of F-104 support aircraft with F/A-18 Hornets. He also provided leadership for numerous flight research projects including the X-29 forward-swept-wing technology demonstrator; the Controlled Impact Demonstration, the F-15 Digital Electronic Engine Control project that integrated propulsion and flight controls, the Pegasus air-launched rocket for placing small payloads into low-Earth orbit; the CV-990 Landing Systems Research aircraft that tested improved braking systems for the space shuttle; and the F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle. After the Air Force announced the impending retirement", "id": "2519508" }, { "contents": "Pioneer Rocketplane\n\n\nMissile Range Officers’ Club on May 12, 1993. The original concept was developed by then Air Force Captain Mitchell Burnside Clapp, who envisioned an aerial refueled, rocket-powered single-stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicle using jet fuel and hydrogen peroxide. This concept seemed a natural match for the Air Force's TransAtmospheric Vehicle (TAV) mission and studies began at the USAF Phillips Laboratory. Aerospace engineering legend Burt Rutan and noted aircraft designer Dan Raymer contributed input to the development of the design. During the winter of", "id": "17524030" }, { "contents": "Thor (rocket family)\n\n\nThor was a US space launch vehicle derived from the PGM-17 Thor intermediate-range ballistic missile. The Thor rocket was the first member of the Delta rocket family of space launch vehicles. The last launch of a direct derivative of the Thor missile occurred in 2018 as the first stage of the final Delta II. Thor was first used as a launch vehicle during the testing program of the warhead reentry vehicle for the Atlas missile. For these three tests a Thor core stage was topped by the Able second stage. Able used the", "id": "21158637" }, { "contents": "Boeing X-37\n\n\nThe Boeing X-37, also known as the Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), is a reusable robotic spacecraft. It is boosted into space by a launch vehicle, then re-enters Earth's atmosphere and lands as a spaceplane. The X-37 is operated by the United States Air Force for orbital spaceflight missions intended to demonstrate reusable space technologies. It is a 120%-scaled derivative of the earlier Boeing X-40. The X-37 began as a NASA project in 1999, before being transferred to the U.S. Department of Defense in 2004. Its first", "id": "12510871" }, { "contents": "LGM-25C Titan II\n\n\nThe Titan II was an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and space launcher developed by the Glenn L. Martin Company from the earlier Titan I missile. Titan II was originally designed and used as an ICBM, but was later adapted as a medium-lift space launch vehicle to carry payloads to Earth orbit for the United States Air Force (USAF), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Those payloads included the USAF Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), NOAA weather", "id": "10861471" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\non the X-33 experience shared with NASA, Lockheed Martin hoped to make the business case for a full-scale SSTO RLV, called VentureStar, that would be developed and operated through commercial means. The intention was that rather than operate space transport systems as it has with the Space Shuttle, NASA would instead look to private industry to operate the reusable launch vehicle and NASA would purchase launch services from the commercial launch provider. Thus, the X-33 was not only about honing space flight technologies, but also about successfully demonstrating the technology", "id": "9997276" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nmake these vehicles reusable. From his ROOST design onwards Bono advocated space launch vehicles without wings, usually using rocket assisted vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL). According to his estimates, wings consisted mostly of dead weight that decreased launch payload mass. He patented a reusable plug nozzle rocket engine which had dual use as a heat shield for atmospheric reentry. His early 1960s concepts influenced later designs like the 1990s Delta Clipper, also from Douglas. Philip Bono was born in Brooklyn, New York on 13 January 1921. He graduated", "id": "3522771" }, { "contents": "Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment\n\n\nof new space services and other activities that would improve U.S. economic competitiveness. The program implemented the National Space Transportation Policy, which is designed to accelerate the development of new launch technologies and concepts to contribute to the continuing commercialization of the national space launch industry. Both the X-33 and the smaller X-34 technology testbed demonstrator were under the Space Transportation Program Offices at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. The air-launched, winged X-34 also was to demonstrate technologies applicable to future-generation reusable launch vehicles designed to dramatically", "id": "20761669" }, { "contents": "Adolf Thiel\n\n\nfor the Thor ballistic missile, which became a first-stage launch for the Explorer spacecraft. He was director of space projects for TRW when it developed Explorer VI and Pioneer V, two of the earliest US craft to explore interplanetary space. He oversaw all of TRW's space programs during the 1970s. After his retirement in 1980 as a senior vice president, Thiel served as an executive consultant to TRW and on NASA planning groups. He was named a fellow of the American Astronautical Society in 1968. He married Frances Thiel", "id": "11277096" }, { "contents": "BAC Mustard\n\n\nin other space programmes, such as the American Space Shuttle. Mustard was a modular re-usable space launch system, comprising multiple copies of a single vehicle design, each of which was configured for a different role as a booster stage or an orbital spaceplane. The core vehicle design resembled the basic layout of the Douglas Astro, both being delta-winged reusable vehicles, as would the later American Space Shuttle. Furthermore, all three functioned as vertically-launched rockets and used integral wings so that they could land horizontally,", "id": "11296482" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nSSIA) to fabricate and launch the Conestoga I off Matagorda Island, Texas which became the first privately funded rocket to reach space. In 1992 Space Vector teamed with Coleman Research Corporation (now a division of L-3 Communications) and Aerotherm to provide the Army Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC) with 25 Hera target vehicles to support testing of THAAD and Patriot PAC-3 anti-ballistic missile systems. Space Vector went on to earn the distinction in 1997 as the first company to air launch a minuteman based target vehicle. The single", "id": "7487031" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n-range ballistic missile and the large Saturn I booster rocket. Following the Russian Sputnik launch, in July 1960 he moved with other von Braun rocket scientists from the Army Ballistic Missile Agency to the newly founded NASA. There, as part of the Apollo moon-landing program, he made major contributions working on the Saturn V booster rocket, on aerothermodynamics, and on liquid hydrogen propellant systems. He subsequently was involved in numerous projects contributing to the nation's manned and unmanned space flight programs, especially Skylab and the Space Shuttle", "id": "21371186" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nthe NLS-1 core stage. The NLS program did not venture beyond the planning stages and did not survive the Presidency of Bill Clinton, which started in January 1993. In 1992, Daniel Goldin was selected to replace Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly as NASA administrator. Goldin championed the motto, \"faster, better, cheaper,\" which may not have fit the ambitious NLS vision. A NASA history from 1998 says that reusable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) rockets and space planes such as the McDonnell Douglas DC", "id": "11086743" }, { "contents": "Gary Hudson (engineer)\n\n\nGary Hudson has been involved in private spaceflight development for over 40 years. Hudson is best known as the founder of Rotary Rocket Company, which in spending ~$30 Million attempted to build a unique single stage to orbit launch vehicle known as the Roton. Rotary Rocket built a landing test simulator (the Roton ATV) which flew three successful test flights in 1999. He also helped found Transformational Space T/Space in 2004. He also helped found AirLaunch LLC which was awarded the DARPA/USAF FALCON project in 2003. Previous projects", "id": "10746924" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nof Space Shuttle Columbia touched down on Rogers Dry Lakebed, with Astronauts John Young and Robert Crippin successfully landing the first orbiting space vehicle ever to leave the Earth under rocket power and return to Earth aerodynamically for re-use. The \"Flying Wing\" returned to Edwards in the late 1980s when the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber began testing, and at a remote site, the F-117A Nighthawk stealth fighter. Air-Launched Cruise Missile, and LANTIRN systems were also tested during the 1980s. The 1990s saw the arrival of the Lockheed", "id": "14946576" }, { "contents": "Jerry Pournelle\n\n\nof making recommendation to the US Air Force on investment in technologies required to build the missile force to be deployed in 1975. After Project 75 was completed Pournelle became manager of several advanced concept studies. At North American Rockwell’s Space Division, Pournelle was associate director of operations research, where he took part in the Apollo program and general operations. He was founding President of the Pepperdine Research Institute. In 1989, Pournelle, Max Hunter, and retired Army Lieutenant General Daniel O. Graham made a presentation to then Vice President Dan", "id": "16491387" }, { "contents": "United States Air Force Plant 42\n\n\nby McDonnell Douglas, St. Louis, Missouri, and transported by aircraft to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. They were also transported by aircraft from Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility to the Kennedy Space Center. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration had been paying the Air Force for use of Plant 42 facilities for the shuttle work. NASA decided in February 2002 to shift space shuttle overhaul and modification work from Palmdale to Florida. Current projects include design, engineering, pre-production, production, modification, flight testing, servicing and repair", "id": "9173070" }, { "contents": "William C. Schwartz\n\n\nspace vehicles and orbital calculations. He was a member of the founding group within NAA involved with the development of space vehicles and which developed the Apollo program. In the early 1960s, he moved to The Martin Company (later Martin Marietta and now Lockheed Martin), where he managed three departments, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Human Factors for the missile developer. It was during this period that he became involved in laser research and development. Shortly after the invention of the laser in 1960, Martin recognized its potential in", "id": "13650865" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthat could lead to an SSTO vehicle. The one-third-size test craft was operated and maintained by a small team of three people based out of a trailer, and the craft was once relaunched less than 24 hours after landing. Although the test program was not without mishap (including a minor explosion), the DC-X demonstrated that the maintenance aspects of the concept were sound. That project was cancelled when it landed with three of four legs deployed, tipped over, and exploded on the fourth flight after", "id": "10328911" }, { "contents": "Marti Sarigul-Klijn\n\n\nDr. Marti Sarigul-Klijn is an expert at rapidly designing, fabricating, and test flying proof-of-concept prototypes. He holds a Ph.D. in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and is a graduate of the United States Naval Test Pilot School and the United States Naval Academy. After completing twenty years in the Navy with the final rank of Commander, he has since worked on over 20 design proposals that include aircraft, UAV's, rocket propulsion, and space launch vehicles. Seven of these proposals continued to", "id": "11065599" }, { "contents": "Jerauld R. Gentry\n\n\nJerauld Richard \"Jerry\" Gentry (May 16, 1935 – March 3, 2003) was a United States Air Force (USAF) test pilot and Vietnam combat veteran. As chief USAF pilot of the Lifting Body Research Program, he helped validate the concept of flying a wingless vehicle back to Earth from space and landing it like an aircraft—an approach used by the Space Shuttle and to a greater degree by vehicles such as the Lockheed Martin X-33 and NASA X-38. Gentry completed thirty lifting body flights including the first flight", "id": "21488944" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nlifting body shape, composite multi-lobed liquid fuel tanks, and the aerospike engine, NASA and Lockheed Martin hoped to test fly a craft that would demonstrate the viability of a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) design. A spacecraft capable of reaching orbit in a single stage would not require external fuel tanks or boosters to reach low Earth orbit. Doing away with the need for \"staging\" with launch vehicles, such as with the Shuttle and the Apollo rockets, would lead to an inherently more reliable", "id": "9997271" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfor a proposed SSTO. It is one of only a few prototype SSTO vehicles ever built. Several other prototypes were intended, including the DC-X2 (a half-scale prototype) and the DC-Y, a full-scale vehicle which would be capable of single stage insertion into orbit. Neither of these were built, but the project was taken over by NASA in 1995, and they built the DC-XA, an upgraded one-third scale prototype. This vehicle was lost when it landed with only", "id": "10328890" }, { "contents": "Landing gear\n\n\ne.g., the Space Shuttle, or the USAF X-37), landing gear have been largely absent from orbital vehicles during the early decades since the advent of spaceflight technology, when orbital space transport has been the exclusive preserve of national-monopoly governmental space programs. Each spaceflight system to date has relied on expendable boosters to begin each ascent to orbital velocity. Recent advances in private space transport, where new competition to governmental space initiatives has emerged, have included the explicit design of landing gear into orbital booster rockets. SpaceX has initiated", "id": "10876701" }, { "contents": "Eric Boe\n\n\ninvolves work with displays and controls for future space vehicles. He made his first trip to space as pilot of during STS-126 on November 14, 2008. Boe flew his second space flight as pilot on STS-133, the final scheduled flight of the Space Shuttle \"Discovery\" and the third-to-last flight of the Space Shuttle program. In August 2012, Boe was named Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office. In July 2015, NASA announced Boe as one of the first astronauts for U.S. Commercial spaceflights. Subsequently, he", "id": "14264618" }, { "contents": "Melvin B. Zisfein\n\n\nMelvin B. Zisfein (1926-1995) was an aircraft designer and a Deputy Director of the U.S. National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC. Zisfein graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with degrees in aeronautical engineering (B.S. 1948; M.S. 1948) and worked as a designer, aerodynamicist, and manager for aircraft companies from then until 1966. He was associate director of the Franklin Institute Research Laboratories from 1966 to 1971. From 1971 to 1982 he served as the deputy director of the National Air and Space Museum,", "id": "1801139" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nselected from the Air Force's test pilot cadre. Additionally, the AFTC assisted with the testing of rocket engines and re-entry vehicles. Along with the X-15, pilots at Edwards were expanding the frontiers of atmospheric flight, testing the XB-70 Valkyrie high-altitude bomber, along with the YF-12 interceptor for Air Defense Command and the SR-71 Blackbird Strategic Reconnaissance aircraft for Strategic Air Command. With the decline of the military manned space mission after the NASA Lunar Landing Program ended, the Aerospace Research Pilot School was once again re-", "id": "14946574" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nDC-X were hired by Blue Origin, and their New Shepard vehicle was inspired by the DC-X design. Blue Origin does not require the high cross range capabilities, and therefore uses a base-first re-entry profile. Also, the DC-X provided inspiration for many elements of Armadillo Aerospace's, Masten Space Systems's, and TGV Rockets's spacecraft designs. Some NASA engineers believe that the DC-X could provide a solution for a crewed Mars lander. Had a DC-type craft been", "id": "15420693" }, { "contents": "Rockwell X-30\n\n\nThe Rockwell X-30 was an advanced technology demonstrator project for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP), part of a United States project to create a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spacecraft and passenger spaceliner. It was cancelled in the early 1990s before a prototype was completed, although much development work in advanced materials and aerospace design was completed. While a goal of a future NASP was a passenger liner capable of two-hour flights from Washington to Tokyo, the X-30 was planned for a crew of", "id": "16588465" }, { "contents": "SpaceDev\n\n\nSpaceDev, a part of the \"Space Systems Business\" of Sierra Nevada Corporation, is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work. It designed and built components for the hybrid rocket motors for Paul Allen's Tier One suborbital SpaceShipOne space program operated by Scaled Composites. It is also developing micro- and nano-satellites, a small expendable launch vehicle, the SpaceDev Streaker, and has designed a piloted suborbital and orbital spaceship of its own, the SpaceDev Dream Chaser, in collaboration with NASA. SpaceDev is based near San Diego in", "id": "16321029" }, { "contents": "Glenn L. Martin Company\n\n\nby the American space program as one of its first satellite booster rockets as part of Project Vanguard. The Vanguard was the first American space exploration rocket designed from scratch to be an orbital launch vehicle — rather than being a modified sounding rocket (like the Juno I) or a ballistic missile (like the U.S. Army's Redstone missile). Martin also designed and manufactured the huge and heavily armed Titan I and LGM-25C Titan II Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). Martin Company of Orlando, Florida, was the prime contractor for", "id": "10667744" }, { "contents": "Shuttlecraft (Star Trek)\n\n\nplanetary surface and space. Wernher Von Braun in the 1950s conceived of a reusable winged spacecraft as a ferry rocket. Plans for such vehicles were referred to as \"DC-3\" by spacecraft designer Maxime Faget and Integrated Launch and Reentry Vehicle (ILRV) by NASA. During the late 1960s, while \"\" was being broadcast, these concepts became known as Space Shuttle. In a speech given to the British Interplanetary Society in August 1968 George Mueller, head of the NASA Office of Manned Space Flight, mentioned the need for a", "id": "13203374" }, { "contents": "The Aerospace Corporation\n\n\n. Gen. Bernard A. Schriever announced the \"formation of a new nonprofit organization, The Aerospace Corporation, to serve the Air Force in the scientific and technical planning and management of missile-space programs.\" Among the earliest projects it supported were the Dyna-Soar orbital spaceplane, Project Mercury, and the man-rating of the Atlas (rocket) intercontinental ballistic missile. The Aerospace Corporation provided general systems engineering and technical direction for the Titan II missile, first tested in 1962, which became the launch vehicle for Project Gemini", "id": "15141218" }, { "contents": "Timothy Creamer\n\n\nPrior to his astronaut selection in 1998, he had been working as a space operations officer, with the Army Space Command, stationed in Houston, Texas. He is now the Army’s NASA Detachment commander. Creamer was assigned to NASA at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in July 1995 as a Space Shuttle vehicle integration test engineer. His duties primarily involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle. He was actively involved in the integrated tests of the systems for each Orbiter for its preparations for its", "id": "7264360" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nof the rocket, the Clipper Graham soared into the skies over the old White Sands Missile Range to a height of 3,120 meters (10,300 ft) and stayed in the air for over two minutes before landing. That flight was the highest and longest the vehicle had ever flown until then. Robert A. Heinlein dedicated his 1985 novel The Cat Who Walks Through Walls to Graham and eight of the other members of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy. Graham was chairman of the American Space Frontier Committee, the Coalition for", "id": "5770554" }, { "contents": "SpaceX\n\n\nhas one of the largest concentrations of aerospace headquarters, facilities, and/or subsidiaries in the U.S., including Boeing/McDonnell Douglas main satellite building campuses, Aerospace Corp., Raytheon, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Air Force Space Command's Space and Missile Systems Center at Los Angeles Air Force Base, Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems, Northrop Grumman, and AECOM, etc., with a large pool of aerospace engineers and recent college engineering graduates. SpaceX utilizes a high degree of vertical integration in the production of its rockets and rocket", "id": "10001424" }, { "contents": "William H. Gerstenmaier\n\n\n1980, Gerstenmaier moved to Houston, Texas, to work at the Johnson Space Center, researching propulsion related to the Space Shuttle, and was involved in the earliest phases of the International Space Station design. In 1984, he was a semi-finalist in the selection for NASA Astronaut Group 10. In 1988, he first served as manager of Space Shuttle Program Integration, and then went on to serve as head of the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle Operations Office. Following that, he became Director of Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom", "id": "13055214" }, { "contents": "Bruno Augenstein\n\n\nBruno Wilhelm Augenstein (March 16, 1923 – July 6, 2005) was a German-born mathematician and physicist who made important contributions in space technology, ballistic missile research, satellites, antimatter, and many other areas. Augenstein worked in the Aerophysics Laboratory at North American Aviation on diverse projects including weaponization of the V-2 rocket, a ramjet-powered vehicle that later became the Navajo missile. He entered RAND Corporation as a consultant and subcontractor in 1949. Initially at RAND he developed an interest in long range missiles. Augenstein", "id": "1664472" }, { "contents": "Robert R. Gilruth\n\n\nRobert Rowe Gilruth (October 8, 1913 – August 17, 2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. He worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics from 1937 to 1958 and its successor NASA, until his retirement in 1973. He was involved with early research into supersonic flight and rocket-powered aircraft, and then with the United States manned space program, including the Mercury, Gemini", "id": "19875506" } ]

[ { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nMaxwell White Hunter II (March 11, 1922 – November 10, 2001) was a prominent American aerospace engineer. He worked on the design of the Douglas B-42 and Douglas B-43 bombers, the Honest John, Nike-Ajax, and Nike-Zeus missiles, the Thor IRBM, and on parts of the Strategic Defense Initiative. In later years he worked on space-launch vehicles and was a proponent of Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) designs. He was honored in 1995 by the National Space Society", "id": "13829898" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvariety of projects including parts of the mammoth Strategic Defense Initiative. SDI gave him a chance at realizing a dream he had nurtured since the 1960s: the construction of a Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle. In 1984, Hunter proposed a vehicle he called the X-rocket, based on those earlier SSTO designs. The design was reviewed by LMSC's Astronautics Division (AD), which judged it worth pursuing, and by its Missile Systems Division (MSD), which did not. LMSC then", "id": "13829902" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\npayloads into Earth orbit today. After working for Douglas Aircraft from 1944 to 1961, Hunter joined the staff of the National Aeronautics and Space Council, a group that advised the U.S. president on space policy. Following several years in that position, he went back to the aerospace industry in 1965, spending over two decades with Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (LMSC). (LMSC was a division of Lockheed Corporation, which merged with Martin Marietta in 1995 to become Lockheed-Martin.) At LMSC, Hunter worked on a", "id": "13829901" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nspace systems. In this position he oversaw the production of military missiles including the Honest John artillery rocket, the Nike antiaircraft missile, and the Sparrow air-to-air missile. Douglas Aircraft began work on the Thor, an early Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM), in late 1955 and put Hunter in charge of that program. He assembled a small team of crack designers and brought the development to success in a short time. Thor became the basis of the McDonnell Douglas Delta rocket, whose descendants are still boosting", "id": "13829900" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nand High Frontier convinced SDI management and other national officials that a study should be initiated to determine once and for all the feasibility of SSTO vehicles for military missions. This led to a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) program to design a single-stage vehicle that could replace military satellites on short notice during a national emergency. This vehicle was known as the Delta Clipper. McDonnell Douglas Corporation was contracted to build and test fly a one-third-scale, suborbital testbed called the DC-X, or Delta Clipper", "id": "13829904" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvehicle tipped over at landing. Funding to make repairs and continue flight tests was not made available. Max Hunter continued to advise on space policy issues and advocate the building of SSTO vehicles for airline-like access to space, a goal he was sure could be attained. He chaired the Rules Committee for the Ansari X Prize, announced in 1996, a $10 million prize for the first reusable craft to reach space twice within two weeks without substantial refit. In October 2000, he agreed to serve as Chairman of the", "id": "13829906" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nExperimental. While not capable of spaceflight, the DC-X incorporated many of the technologies needed for an SSTO vehicle, including highly automated systems enabling a quick turnaround (just twenty-six hours) between launches. It made eight successful test flights between August 18, 1993, and July 7, 1995, and then was taken over by NASA and flown four times as the DC-XA between May 18 and July 31, 1996. It was damaged on its last flight when one landing strut failed to deploy and the", "id": "13829905" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nfor lifelong contributions to the technology of spaceflight. Maxwell Hunter was born in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania and graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in that state with a degree in physics and mathematics. In 1944, he earned a Master's Degree in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). After earning his MS from MIT, Hunter went to work for the Douglas Aircraft Company. He became their chief designer in aeronautics, working on modifications of the B-42 and B-43 bombers. Later he was promoted to chief engineer for", "id": "13829899" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\ndeclined to support further work on the X-rocket, and Hunter retired. As an independent consultant, he renamed the concept SSX (for Space Ship Experimental), and began to refine it. In December 1988 the ad hoc Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy was briefed on the concept by Hunter and others. The general concept was endorsed by the Council and by High Frontier, Inc., a Washington-based group headed by Lt. Gen. Daniel O. Graham that lobbied for SDI programs. Working together, Hunter", "id": "13829903" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nAdvisory Board for the Undersea Hotel Project of the Cala Corporation. He died at Stanford Hospital, Stanford, California on the evening of November 10, 2001 after a lingering illness. Max Hunter was Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Beta Pi, and a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), the American Astronautical Society (AAS), and the British Interplanetary Society (BIS). He was also a member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) and an honorary member of the Japanese Rocket Society", "id": "13829907" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nThe DC-X, short for Delta Clipper or Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed prototype of a reusable single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle built by McDonnell Douglas in conjunction with the United States Department of Defense's Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) from 1991 to 1993. Starting 1994 until 1995, testing continued through funding of the US civil space agency NASA. In 1996, the DC-X technology was completely transferred to NASA, which upgraded the design for improved performance to create the DC-XA", "id": "15420672" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nvehicles was prepared by Chrysler Corporation's Space Division in 1970–1971 under NASA contract NAS8-26341. Their proposal (Shuttle SERV) was an enormous vehicle with more than of payload, utilizing jet engines for (vertical) landing. While the technical problems seemed to be solvable, the USAF required a winged design that led to the Shuttle as we know it today. The uncrewed DC-X technology demonstrator, originally developed by McDonnell Douglas for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program office, was an attempt to build a vehicle", "id": "10328910" }, { "contents": "David Urie\n\n\nsystem before initiating and heading the Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) and X-33 Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Programs at Lockheed. Urie's work as the program manager for the previously classified Have Region project demonstrated that rocket-powered single-stage-to-orbit vehicles were technically feasible, which led to the Lockheed Martin SSTO design approach. As a Director of the Lockheed-Martin Skunk Works SSTO/RLV Advanced Technology Demonstration Program, Urie conceived and developed the aerospike rocket propelled lifting body that was selected by NASA as", "id": "20876395" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nearly stages of flight; and flight within Earth's atmosphere, which limits speed in the early stages of flight and influences engine performance. Additionally, the retirement of NASA's Shuttle launch vehicle has resulted in a substantial reduction in the cost to launch a kilogram of payload to either low Earth orbit or the International Space Station, removing the main projected advantage of the SSTO concept. Notable single stage to orbit concepts include Skylon, the DC-X, the Lockheed Martin X-33, and the Roton SSTO. However, despite showing", "id": "10328885" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nThe Lockheed Martin X-33 was an uncrewed, sub-scale technology demonstrator suborbital spaceplane developed in the 1990s under the U.S. government-funded Space Launch Initiative program. The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for the VentureStar orbital spaceplane, which was planned to be a next-generation, commercially operated reusable launch vehicle. The X-33 would flight-test a range of technologies that NASA believed it needed for single-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicles (SSTO RLVs), such as metallic thermal protection systems, composite cryogenic fuel tanks", "id": "9997267" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n. During the 1960s some of the first concept designs for this kind of craft began to emerge. One of the earliest SSTO concepts was the expendable One stage Orbital Space Truck (OOST) proposed by Philip Bono, an engineer for Douglas Aircraft Company. A reusable version named ROOST was also proposed. Another early SSTO concept was a reusable launch vehicle named NEXUS which was proposed by Krafft Arnold Ehricke in the early 1960s. It was one of the largest spacecraft ever conceptualized with a diameter of over 50 metres and the capability to", "id": "10328887" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n. According to writer Jerry Pournelle: \"DC-X was conceived in my living room and sold to National Space Council Chairman Dan Quayle by General Graham, Max Hunter and me.\" According to Max Hunter, however, he had tried hard to convince Lockheed Martin of the concept's value for several years before he retired. Hunter had written a paper in 1985 entitled \"The Opportunity\", detailing the concept of a Single-Stage-To-Orbit spacecraft built with low-cost \"off-the-shelf", "id": "15420673" }, { "contents": "Rob Meyerson\n\n\nInitiative contract with NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. Meyerson launched his career as an aerospace engineer at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) from 1985 to 1997 working on human spaceflight systems, including the aerodynamic design of the Space Shuttle orbiter drag parachute, as well as the overall design, integration, and flight test of a gliding parachute for the X-38 Crew Rescue Vehicle, a crew return vehicle designed to return astronauts to earth from the International Space Station. Meyerson began with NASA in 1985 as a cooperative education student at JSC", "id": "8603673" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nfor the X-33 was selected over competing concepts from Boeing and McDonnell Douglas. Boeing proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design, and McDonnell Douglas proposed a design based on its vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL) DC-XA test vehicle. The uncrewed X-33 was slated to fly 15 suborbital hops to near 75.8 km altitude. It was to be launched upright like a rocket and rather than having a straight flight path it would fly diagonally up for half the flight, reaching extremely high altitudes, and then for the rest of the", "id": "9997274" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nThe methodologies were later adopted as a standard by the Air Transport Association. He later joined the Thor missile project as the chief design engineer, and this introduced him to the world of space launchers. With new upper stages, Thor became the Delta, one of the most-used launchers in the 1960s. In spite of Thor's success, Hunter was dissatisfied with the state of the launcher market and later wrote that \"by the end of 1963 the state of recoverable rockets was terrible.\" He was convinced that as", "id": "7750830" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nit the DC-X for Delta Clipper Experimental. The name honored the firm's successful Thor/Delta rocket and recalled the famous 19th-century commercial clipper ships. The McDonnell Douglas SSTO team saw the Delta Clipper as opening the \"space trade routes in the same way that the Yankee Clipper ships opened the sea trade routes.\" The needs of the commercial launch industry thus were integral to the thinking of the McDonnell Douglas DC-X team. General Graham envisioned the DC-X as the perfect inexpensive launch and delivery", "id": "5770549" }, { "contents": "George Huebner\n\n\nproduce intercontinental ballistic missiles. Huebner was named executive engineer in charge of Chrysler's Missile Branch. At the time he was serving as executive engineer of research for Chrysler in their automotive division. He developed a complete research and development missile facility that included engineering, testing, and production of the Redstone rocket. These rockets ultimately launched into orbit the first U.S. satellites and the first manned space flights. Huebner worked closely with Wernher von Braun on the space program. For two years he worked on this rocket project and then went back", "id": "15004097" }, { "contents": "Reusable launch system\n\n\nthe McDonnell Douglas Delta Clipper VTOL SSTO proposal progressed to the testing phase. The DC-X prototype demonstrated rapid turnaround time and automatic computer control. In mid-1990, British research evolved an earlier HOTOL design into the far more promising Skylon design, which remains in development. From the commercial side, Rocketplane Kistler and Rotary Rocket attempted to build reusable privately developed rockets before going bankrupt. NASA proposed risky reusable concepts to replace the Shuttle technology, to be demonstrated under the X-33 and X-34 programs, which were both cancelled in the early", "id": "19421229" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\na number of SSTO advocates to reconsider hydrogen as a satisfactory fuel. The late Max Hunter, while employing hydrogen fuel in the DC-X, often said that he thought the first successful orbital SSTO would more likely be fueled by propane. Some SSTO concepts use the same engine for all altitudes, which is a problem for traditional engines with a bell-shaped nozzle. Depending on the atmospheric pressure, different bell shapes are optimal. Engines operating in the lower atmosphere have shorter bells than those designed to work in vacuum.", "id": "10328899" }, { "contents": "George Mueller (NASA)\n\n\ndesigns ranged from 'simple' concepts like Martin Marietta's six person reusable craft similar to the Dyna-Soar (launched by a Titan III-M), to partially reusable concepts like Lockheed's Star Clipper or Tip Tank from McDonnell Douglas, to fully reusable two-stage vehicles like the one proposed by General Dynamics. Following this symposium Mueller continued to champion a \"space shuttle\". He did not invent the term, but he made it his own. He was also a keen proponent of space stations and was", "id": "16249187" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nIn October 2000, Beal Aerospace ceased operations citing a decision by NASA and the Department of Defense to commit themselves to the development of the competing government-financed EELV program. In 1998 Rotary Rocket proposed the Roton, a Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) piloted Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) space transport. A full scale Roton Atmospheric Test Vehicle flew three times in 1999. After spending tens of millions of dollars in development the Roton failed to secure launch contracts and Rotary Rocket ceased operations in 2001. On", "id": "288621" }, { "contents": "List of human spaceflight programs\n\n\ncommissioned by the Russian Aerospace Agency since 1993. The Kankoh-maru (観光丸? Kankōmaru) is the name of a proposed vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL), single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), reusable launch system (rocket-powered spacecraft). The Ansari X Prize was a space competition in which the X Prize Foundation offered a US$10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable crewed spacecraft into space twice within two weeks. Twenty-six teams from around the world", "id": "19978394" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nby 2016, and some space ventures have had to turn away investor funding. After earlier first effort of OTRAG, in the 1990s the projection of a significant demand for communications satellite launches attracted the development of a number of commercial space launch providers. The launch demand largely vanished when some of the largest satellite constellations, such as 288 satellite Teledesic network, were never built. In 1996 NASA selected Lockheed Martin Skunk Works to build the X-33 VentureStar prototype for a single stage to orbit (SSTO) reusable launch vehicle. In 1999", "id": "288619" }, { "contents": "James Smith McDonnell\n\n\nMcDonnell Aircraft Corporation in 1939. Headquartered in St. Louis, the company quickly grew into a principal supplier of fighter aircraft to the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy, including the F-4 Phantom II fighter and the Mercury and Gemini space capsules. In 1967, McDonnell Aircraft merged with the Douglas Aircraft Company to create McDonnell Douglas. Later that year Douglas Aircraft Company's space and missiles division became part of a new subsidiary called McDonnell Douglas Astronautics, located in Huntington Beach, California, producing the Delta series of launch vehicles. The new", "id": "21028393" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\ndeath, the first launch vehicle based on his designs, the McDonnell Douglas DC-X (Delta Clipper) began a largely successful series of test flights. The DC-X was a vertical-takeoff and vertical landing vehicle. The series of test flights began on 18 August 1993 and continued until the upgraded version of the launch vehicle (renamed the DC-XA) tipped over on landing on July 31, 1996. Among Bono's visionary designs was a 1960 Boeing design for a manned Mars spacecraft capable of carrying a", "id": "3522773" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\neight Block II satellites for flights on the new Delta II expendable Medium Launch Vehicle in lieu of the Space Shuttle. Space Division awarded the Medium Launch Vehicle (MLV) contract to McDonnell-Douglas Astronautics Company on 21 January 1987. However, unlike earlier commercial arrangements, the company would no longer be under contract to NASA. Under the new Commercial Expendable Launch Vehicle program encouraged by president Ronald Reagan since 1983, McDonnell-Douglas would be responsible for producing, marketing and launching its commercial Delta IIs. The Air Force would be", "id": "19923501" }, { "contents": "Mel Hunter\n\n\nfor the years 1960-1962. As Hunter's science fiction career blossomed, so did his technical and scientific illustrations. Hunter's love of air and space took him from California's desert runways to Florida's seacoast launchpads to illustrate every variety of jet-age aircraft and space-age rocket imaginable—from X-15 to Saturn V. One of Hunter's best-known books is \"The Missilemen\", a photo illustrated work published in 1960 by Doubleday. Hunter visited U.S. rocket and missile sites during the late 1950s; he", "id": "20560131" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\na single-stage-to-orbit vehicle. Five companies expressed interest and proposed concepts. Three (LM, Rockwell and McDonnell Douglas) were selected for workup into more detailed proposals. Rockwell proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design. It would have used one Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) and two RL-10-5A engines. In a subsequent full-scale system to reach orbit Rockwell planned to use six Rocketdyne RS-2100 engines. McDonnell Douglas featured a design using liquid oxygen/hydrogen bell engines based on its vertical takeoff", "id": "9997282" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\nresearch ways to make more efficient use of the wing surface during high-speed maneuvers. The Directorate is also a collaborator with DARPA, the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Sandia National Laboratories and AFRL's Space Vehicles Directorate on the FALCON program, which includes the HTV-3X Blackswift hypersonic flight demonstration vehicle. The Air Vehicles Directorate also collaborated with NASA and Boeing on the initial work for the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle and the 80% scaled version, X-40A Space Maneuver Vehicle, prior to the classification of the program and", "id": "1842734" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nparts for re-use. After landing the vehicle would be refit, mated with another tank, and be ready for another mission. Hunter moved to Lockheed in the fall of 1965. On his first day he was asked if there was anything Lockheed should be looking at, and he immediately suggested development of his stage-and-a-half design. His suggestions caught the ear of Eugene Root, president of Lockheed Missiles and Space, who gave him the go-ahead to study what became known as the Star", "id": "7750834" }, { "contents": "PGM-17 Thor\n\n\ndeployment as a missile a few years after deployment, the Thor rocket found widespread use as a space launch vehicle. It was the first in a large family of space launch vehicles—the Delta rockets. The last remaining descendant of the Thor, the Delta II, was retired in 2018, and the Delta IV is based on entirely new technology, unlike the Delta II. see Project Emily Stations and Squadrons Family: Thor IRBM, Thor DM-18 (single stage LV); Thor DM-19 (rocket 1st stage), Thor", "id": "15220989" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthree of its four landing pads deployed, which caused it to tip over on its side and explode. The project has not been continued since. From 1999 to 2001 Rotary Rocket attempted to build a SSTO vehicle called the Roton. It received a large amount of media attention and a working sub-scale prototype was completed, but the design was largely impractical. There have been various approaches to SSTO, including pure rockets that are launched and land vertically, air-breathing scramjet-powered vehicles that are launched and land horizontally", "id": "10328891" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\n. The facilities for testing rockets are frequently used for testing new rocket engines including the RS-68 rocket engine developed for use on the Delta IV launch vehicle. The space propulsion area also develops technologies for use in satellites on-orbit to alter their orbits. An AFRL-developed experimental Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) arcjet was flown on the ARGOS satellite in 1999 as part of the Air Force Space Test Program. The Directorate currently manages the X-51A program, which is developing a scramjet demonstration vehicle. The X-51 program is working", "id": "1842749" }, { "contents": "Laurel van der Wal\n\n\nhonors. Her graduate education was funded in part by a National Research Council fellowship to study aeronautics in Stockholm, Sweden. As a young engineer van der Wal worked at Douglas Aircraft as a data analyst on the Nike missile program, and later designing missile systems for the Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation. Starting in 1958, she was the project engineer on three MIA (Mouse-in-Able) launches from Cape Canaveral, as head of bioastronautics at Space Technology Laboratories. She was named the \"Los Angeles Times\"'s \"", "id": "12236594" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nThe National Launch System (or New Launch System) was a study authorized in 1991 by President George H. W. Bush to outline alternatives to the Space Shuttle for access to Earth orbit. Shortly thereafter, NASA asked Lockheed Missiles and Space, McDonnell Douglas, and TRW to perform a ten-month study. A series of launch vehicles was proposed, based around the proposed Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) liquid-fuel rocket engine. The STME was to be a simplified, expendable version of the Space Shuttle main engine (", "id": "11086741" }, { "contents": "Michael R. Clifford\n\n\nfrom the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and was designated an experimental test pilot. In December 1995, Clifford retired from the army. As a military officer, Clifford was assigned to the Johnson Space Center in July 1987. As a Space Shuttle Vehicle Integration engineer, his duties involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle Program. He was involved in design certification and integration of the Shuttle Crew Escape System, and was an executive board member of the Solid Rocket Booster Postflight Assessment Team. Selected as an astronaut", "id": "18151051" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n. In the Shuttle development effort he led a team working on vehicle aerodynamics and the main engines, which included developing full-scale component tests and scaling methodologies, and applying computational fluid dynamics to overcome a wide range of aerothermochemistry problems. He was Chief of the Aerophysics Division at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center until 1992, when he became Chief Aerodynamicist at the NASA Center. He was awarded the AIAA Aerodynamics Award in 1997 for his exceptional lifetime contributions to the aerodynamic design and analysis of strategic missiles and manned/unmanned launch", "id": "21371187" }, { "contents": "Robert A. Heinlein\n\n\noften in his fiction, as do fictitious strikable self-lighting cigarettes. In 1980 Robert Heinlein was a member of the Citizens Advisory Council on National Space Policy, chaired by Jerry Pournelle, which met at the home of SF writer Larry Niven to write space policy papers for the incoming Reagan Administration. Members included such aerospace industry leaders as former astronaut Buzz Aldrin, General Daniel O. Graham, aerospace engineer Max Hunter and North American Rockwell VP for Space Shuttle development George Merrick. Policy recommendations from the Council included ballistic missile defense concepts", "id": "5599733" }, { "contents": "Wernher von Braun\n\n\nUnited States, along with about 1,600 other German scientists, engineers, and technicians, as part of Operation Paperclip. He worked for the United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) program, and he developed the rockets that launched the United States' first space satellite Explorer 1. His group was assimilated into NASA, where he served as director of the newly formed Marshall Space Flight Center and as the chief architect of the Saturn V super heavy-lift launch vehicle that propelled the Apollo spacecraft to the", "id": "15033628" }, { "contents": "Jarvis (rocket)\n\n\nJarvis was a proposed American medium-lift launch vehicle for space launch, designed by Hughes Aircraft and Boeing during the mid-1980s as part of the joint United States Air Force (USAF)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Launch System (ALS) study. Intended to utilize engines and tooling in storage from the Saturn V rocket program along with Space Shuttle components, and projected to be capable of carrying up to six satellites into multiple orbits using a single launch (e.g. GPS constellation), the proposal failed to meet the ALS", "id": "15822979" }, { "contents": "Robert F. Overmyer\n\n\nMarch 1988, he joined the Space Station Team at McDonnell Douglas Aerospace, where he led crew and operations activities for seven years. He retired from McDonnell Douglas in April 1995 and expanded the scope of Mach Twenty Five International, continuing his aerospace consultation work as well as speaking engagements and writing. Overmyer continued his career as a general aviation test pilot. Having former experience with aeronautical testing at both U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School and NASA, he joined Minnesota-based aircraft manufacturer Cirrus Design (now called Cirrus Aircraft) as", "id": "19963429" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n, nuclear-powered vehicles, and even jet-engine-powered vehicles that can fly into orbit and return landing like an airliner, completely intact. For rocket-powered SSTO, the main challenge is achieving a high enough mass-ratio to carry sufficient propellant to achieve orbit, plus a meaningful payload weight. One possibility is to give the rocket an initial speed with a space gun, as planned in the Quicklaunch project. For air-breathing SSTO, the main challenge is system complexity and associated research and development costs", "id": "10328892" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfuel for increasing efficiency once in space. Further examples of Bono's early concepts (prior to the 1990s) which were never constructed include: Around 1985 the NASP project was intended to launch a scramjet vehicle into orbit, but funding was stopped and the project cancelled. At around the same time, the HOTOL tried to use precooled jet engine technology, but failed to show significant advantages over rocket technology. The DC-X, short for Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed one-third scale vertical takeoff and landing demonstrator", "id": "10328889" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nShuttle design. The detailed study of the cost advantages of the drop tank design demonstrated a dramatic reduction in development risk, and as a result, development costs. When funding for STS development was cut, the drop tank was taken up as a way to meet the developmental budgets, leading to the semi-reusable Space Shuttle design. Maxwell Hunter was working at Douglas Aircraft where he formalized the calculation of aircraft operation economics. His methodologies were first published in 1940, and were later applied to the Douglas DC-6 and DC-7.", "id": "7750829" }, { "contents": "Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle\n\n\nThe Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle, designed for NASA's Project Mercury, was the first American crewed space booster. It was used for six sub-orbital Mercury flights from 1960–61; culminating with the launch of the first, and 11 weeks later, the second American (and the second and third humans) in space. The four subsequent Mercury human spaceflights used the more powerful Atlas booster to enter low Earth orbit. A member of the Redstone rocket family, it was derived from the U.S. Army's Redstone ballistic missile and", "id": "11828011" }, { "contents": "British Aerospace HOTOL\n\n\nspace launch system. In 1982, British Aerospace (BAe), which was Europe's principal satellite-builder, began studying a prospective new launch system with the aim of providing launch costs that were 20 per cent of the American Space Shuttle operated by NASA. BAe became aware of work by British engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce on a suitable engine, and soon conceived of an unmanned, fully reuseable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) winged spaceplane as a launch vehicle. Thus, the project had soon became", "id": "14493503" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\nrole in the civilian NASA Project Mercury, Project Gemini and Project Apollo manned space programs along with military Space Shuttle flights. The mission of the unit today is performed by the 45th Space Wing (no direct lineage). Activated in December 1950, replacing 550th Guided Missiles Wing. the 6555th had a distinguished career launching and/or managing ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and payloads for the Ballistic Systems Division, the Space Systems Division and the Space & Missile Systems Organization. As a Wing or a Group, the 6555th earned ten Air", "id": "19923442" }, { "contents": "William H. Dana\n\n\ncontributions to the lifting body program, Dana received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal. In 1976 he received the Haley Space Flight Award from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) for his research work on the M2-F3 lifting body control systems. A member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Dana is the author of several technical papers. In 1993, he was inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Honor. During the X-15 program, eight pilots flew above 264,000 feet or 50 miles, thereby qualifying as astronauts according to", "id": "8766846" }, { "contents": "USAF Hunter-Killer\n\n\nHunter-Killer is an unofficial project name based upon an \"Aviation Week & Space Technology\" article. The U.S. Air Force's Hunter-Killer program was a tactical unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV) procurement program. The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, a variant of the MQ-1 Predator won the project and was deployed in Afghanistan. This is the U.S. Air Force program for which several companies have developed vehicles. Although the J-UCAS concept is a long way from the early idea of a \"reusable cruise missile\",", "id": "18825446" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nlong as launchers were thrown away, access to space would never be affordable. Several companies had already completed early feasibility studies of fully reusable spacecraft, like the Martin Marietta Astrorocket and Douglas Astro. The designs used two flyback stages, one of which flew back to the launch point, while the other flew into orbit and landed after its mission. Hunter thought that any such design was tantamount to making two aircraft to do the job of one, and it was only the upper stage that was of any real use. By", "id": "7750831" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\ndirector of the CIA under Director William Colby and from 1974–1976 he was the director of the DIA. Ronald Reagan called upon General Graham to be his military advisor for his 1976 and 1980 campaigns. General Graham is a member of the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame. In later years, Graham devoted a lot of time to the research and development of Single-Stage To Orbit (SSTO) spacecraft in conjunction with NASA. McDonnell Douglas was awarded a contract to build an SSTO test vehicle on August 16, 1991, and named", "id": "5770548" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nBased on its experience working with Minuteman assets, Space Vector was tasked by Lockheed in 1980 to help develop the Homing Overlay Experiment (HOE) booster for the U.S. Army which would go on to become the first successful hit-to-kill intercept of a mock ballistic missile warhead outside the Earth’s atmosphere. This technology was later used by the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and expanded into the Exoatmospheric Reentry-vehicle Interception System (ERIS) program. In 1982 Space Vector was tapped by Space Services Inc. of America (", "id": "7487030" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nPhilip Bono (13 January 1921 – 23 May 1993) was a Douglas Aircraft Company engineer. He was a pioneer of reusable vertical landing single-stage to orbit launch vehicles. As a visionary designer, he is credited with inventing the first version of a recoverable single-stage spacecraft booster, and his contributions influenced spacecraft design. Bono pursued single-stage space launch as simpler and cheaper. He realized to do this he would need to use high specific impulse liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engines. Afterwards he proposed to", "id": "3522770" }, { "contents": "Vance D. Coffman\n\n\nin Aerospace Engineering of Iowa State University (ISU). Coffman had three brothers, all of which studied at ISU within the engineering and science departments. Coffman has Master's and Doctorate graduate in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University. In 1967, Coffman joined Lockheed Martin Corporation's Space Systems Division, working on the development of space programs and data processing systems for the corporation. By 1988 he was president of the Space Systems Division. He directed the Hubble Space Telescope project for Lockheed. By 1998 he was the chairman and", "id": "11284872" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n\" commercial parts and currently-available technology, but Lockheed Martin was not interested enough to fund such a program themselves. On February 15, 1989, Pournelle, Graham and Hunter were able to procure a meeting with Vice-President Dan Quayle. They \"sold\" the idea to SDIO by noting that any space-based weapons system would need to be serviced by a spacecraft that was far more reliable than the Space Shuttle, and offer lower launch costs and have much better turnaround times. Given the uncertainties of the design", "id": "15420674" }, { "contents": "Abdul Majid (physicist)\n\n\nand joined Pakistan's Space Program as a researcher in astrophysics and aeronautical labs. Majid worked under the supervision of noted Pakistani-Polish military scientist and aeronautical engineer, Air Commodore W. J. M. Turowicz, in the field of Rocket Technology and published numerous research papers. He is credited for the design and developed the Hypersonic Rocket Launch Vehicle or Hatf Missiles Series during his stay at SUPARCO. In 1983, Dr Majid was put in-charge of Satellite Development Program of Pakistan. He is widely credited for the indigenous development and launching", "id": "14780917" }, { "contents": "Martin Knutson\n\n\n's aging fleet of F-104 support aircraft with F/A-18 Hornets. He also provided leadership for numerous flight research projects including the X-29 forward-swept-wing technology demonstrator; the Controlled Impact Demonstration, the F-15 Digital Electronic Engine Control project that integrated propulsion and flight controls, the Pegasus air-launched rocket for placing small payloads into low-Earth orbit; the CV-990 Landing Systems Research aircraft that tested improved braking systems for the space shuttle; and the F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle. After the Air Force announced the impending retirement", "id": "2519508" }, { "contents": "Pioneer Rocketplane\n\n\nMissile Range Officers’ Club on May 12, 1993. The original concept was developed by then Air Force Captain Mitchell Burnside Clapp, who envisioned an aerial refueled, rocket-powered single-stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicle using jet fuel and hydrogen peroxide. This concept seemed a natural match for the Air Force's TransAtmospheric Vehicle (TAV) mission and studies began at the USAF Phillips Laboratory. Aerospace engineering legend Burt Rutan and noted aircraft designer Dan Raymer contributed input to the development of the design. During the winter of", "id": "17524030" }, { "contents": "Thor (rocket family)\n\n\nThor was a US space launch vehicle derived from the PGM-17 Thor intermediate-range ballistic missile. The Thor rocket was the first member of the Delta rocket family of space launch vehicles. The last launch of a direct derivative of the Thor missile occurred in 2018 as the first stage of the final Delta II. Thor was first used as a launch vehicle during the testing program of the warhead reentry vehicle for the Atlas missile. For these three tests a Thor core stage was topped by the Able second stage. Able used the", "id": "21158637" }, { "contents": "Boeing X-37\n\n\nThe Boeing X-37, also known as the Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), is a reusable robotic spacecraft. It is boosted into space by a launch vehicle, then re-enters Earth's atmosphere and lands as a spaceplane. The X-37 is operated by the United States Air Force for orbital spaceflight missions intended to demonstrate reusable space technologies. It is a 120%-scaled derivative of the earlier Boeing X-40. The X-37 began as a NASA project in 1999, before being transferred to the U.S. Department of Defense in 2004. Its first", "id": "12510871" }, { "contents": "LGM-25C Titan II\n\n\nThe Titan II was an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and space launcher developed by the Glenn L. Martin Company from the earlier Titan I missile. Titan II was originally designed and used as an ICBM, but was later adapted as a medium-lift space launch vehicle to carry payloads to Earth orbit for the United States Air Force (USAF), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Those payloads included the USAF Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), NOAA weather", "id": "10861471" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\non the X-33 experience shared with NASA, Lockheed Martin hoped to make the business case for a full-scale SSTO RLV, called VentureStar, that would be developed and operated through commercial means. The intention was that rather than operate space transport systems as it has with the Space Shuttle, NASA would instead look to private industry to operate the reusable launch vehicle and NASA would purchase launch services from the commercial launch provider. Thus, the X-33 was not only about honing space flight technologies, but also about successfully demonstrating the technology", "id": "9997276" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nmake these vehicles reusable. From his ROOST design onwards Bono advocated space launch vehicles without wings, usually using rocket assisted vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL). According to his estimates, wings consisted mostly of dead weight that decreased launch payload mass. He patented a reusable plug nozzle rocket engine which had dual use as a heat shield for atmospheric reentry. His early 1960s concepts influenced later designs like the 1990s Delta Clipper, also from Douglas. Philip Bono was born in Brooklyn, New York on 13 January 1921. He graduated", "id": "3522771" }, { "contents": "Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment\n\n\nof new space services and other activities that would improve U.S. economic competitiveness. The program implemented the National Space Transportation Policy, which is designed to accelerate the development of new launch technologies and concepts to contribute to the continuing commercialization of the national space launch industry. Both the X-33 and the smaller X-34 technology testbed demonstrator were under the Space Transportation Program Offices at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. The air-launched, winged X-34 also was to demonstrate technologies applicable to future-generation reusable launch vehicles designed to dramatically", "id": "20761669" }, { "contents": "Adolf Thiel\n\n\nfor the Thor ballistic missile, which became a first-stage launch for the Explorer spacecraft. He was director of space projects for TRW when it developed Explorer VI and Pioneer V, two of the earliest US craft to explore interplanetary space. He oversaw all of TRW's space programs during the 1970s. After his retirement in 1980 as a senior vice president, Thiel served as an executive consultant to TRW and on NASA planning groups. He was named a fellow of the American Astronautical Society in 1968. He married Frances Thiel", "id": "11277096" }, { "contents": "BAC Mustard\n\n\nin other space programmes, such as the American Space Shuttle. Mustard was a modular re-usable space launch system, comprising multiple copies of a single vehicle design, each of which was configured for a different role as a booster stage or an orbital spaceplane. The core vehicle design resembled the basic layout of the Douglas Astro, both being delta-winged reusable vehicles, as would the later American Space Shuttle. Furthermore, all three functioned as vertically-launched rockets and used integral wings so that they could land horizontally,", "id": "11296482" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nSSIA) to fabricate and launch the Conestoga I off Matagorda Island, Texas which became the first privately funded rocket to reach space. In 1992 Space Vector teamed with Coleman Research Corporation (now a division of L-3 Communications) and Aerotherm to provide the Army Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC) with 25 Hera target vehicles to support testing of THAAD and Patriot PAC-3 anti-ballistic missile systems. Space Vector went on to earn the distinction in 1997 as the first company to air launch a minuteman based target vehicle. The single", "id": "7487031" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n-range ballistic missile and the large Saturn I booster rocket. Following the Russian Sputnik launch, in July 1960 he moved with other von Braun rocket scientists from the Army Ballistic Missile Agency to the newly founded NASA. There, as part of the Apollo moon-landing program, he made major contributions working on the Saturn V booster rocket, on aerothermodynamics, and on liquid hydrogen propellant systems. He subsequently was involved in numerous projects contributing to the nation's manned and unmanned space flight programs, especially Skylab and the Space Shuttle", "id": "21371186" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nthe NLS-1 core stage. The NLS program did not venture beyond the planning stages and did not survive the Presidency of Bill Clinton, which started in January 1993. In 1992, Daniel Goldin was selected to replace Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly as NASA administrator. Goldin championed the motto, \"faster, better, cheaper,\" which may not have fit the ambitious NLS vision. A NASA history from 1998 says that reusable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) rockets and space planes such as the McDonnell Douglas DC", "id": "11086743" }, { "contents": "Gary Hudson (engineer)\n\n\nGary Hudson has been involved in private spaceflight development for over 40 years. Hudson is best known as the founder of Rotary Rocket Company, which in spending ~$30 Million attempted to build a unique single stage to orbit launch vehicle known as the Roton. Rotary Rocket built a landing test simulator (the Roton ATV) which flew three successful test flights in 1999. He also helped found Transformational Space T/Space in 2004. He also helped found AirLaunch LLC which was awarded the DARPA/USAF FALCON project in 2003. Previous projects", "id": "10746924" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nof Space Shuttle Columbia touched down on Rogers Dry Lakebed, with Astronauts John Young and Robert Crippin successfully landing the first orbiting space vehicle ever to leave the Earth under rocket power and return to Earth aerodynamically for re-use. The \"Flying Wing\" returned to Edwards in the late 1980s when the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber began testing, and at a remote site, the F-117A Nighthawk stealth fighter. Air-Launched Cruise Missile, and LANTIRN systems were also tested during the 1980s. The 1990s saw the arrival of the Lockheed", "id": "14946576" }, { "contents": "Jerry Pournelle\n\n\nof making recommendation to the US Air Force on investment in technologies required to build the missile force to be deployed in 1975. After Project 75 was completed Pournelle became manager of several advanced concept studies. At North American Rockwell’s Space Division, Pournelle was associate director of operations research, where he took part in the Apollo program and general operations. He was founding President of the Pepperdine Research Institute. In 1989, Pournelle, Max Hunter, and retired Army Lieutenant General Daniel O. Graham made a presentation to then Vice President Dan", "id": "16491387" }, { "contents": "United States Air Force Plant 42\n\n\nby McDonnell Douglas, St. Louis, Missouri, and transported by aircraft to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. They were also transported by aircraft from Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility to the Kennedy Space Center. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration had been paying the Air Force for use of Plant 42 facilities for the shuttle work. NASA decided in February 2002 to shift space shuttle overhaul and modification work from Palmdale to Florida. Current projects include design, engineering, pre-production, production, modification, flight testing, servicing and repair", "id": "9173070" }, { "contents": "William C. Schwartz\n\n\nspace vehicles and orbital calculations. He was a member of the founding group within NAA involved with the development of space vehicles and which developed the Apollo program. In the early 1960s, he moved to The Martin Company (later Martin Marietta and now Lockheed Martin), where he managed three departments, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Human Factors for the missile developer. It was during this period that he became involved in laser research and development. Shortly after the invention of the laser in 1960, Martin recognized its potential in", "id": "13650865" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthat could lead to an SSTO vehicle. The one-third-size test craft was operated and maintained by a small team of three people based out of a trailer, and the craft was once relaunched less than 24 hours after landing. Although the test program was not without mishap (including a minor explosion), the DC-X demonstrated that the maintenance aspects of the concept were sound. That project was cancelled when it landed with three of four legs deployed, tipped over, and exploded on the fourth flight after", "id": "10328911" }, { "contents": "Marti Sarigul-Klijn\n\n\nDr. Marti Sarigul-Klijn is an expert at rapidly designing, fabricating, and test flying proof-of-concept prototypes. He holds a Ph.D. in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and is a graduate of the United States Naval Test Pilot School and the United States Naval Academy. After completing twenty years in the Navy with the final rank of Commander, he has since worked on over 20 design proposals that include aircraft, UAV's, rocket propulsion, and space launch vehicles. Seven of these proposals continued to", "id": "11065599" }, { "contents": "Jerauld R. Gentry\n\n\nJerauld Richard \"Jerry\" Gentry (May 16, 1935 – March 3, 2003) was a United States Air Force (USAF) test pilot and Vietnam combat veteran. As chief USAF pilot of the Lifting Body Research Program, he helped validate the concept of flying a wingless vehicle back to Earth from space and landing it like an aircraft—an approach used by the Space Shuttle and to a greater degree by vehicles such as the Lockheed Martin X-33 and NASA X-38. Gentry completed thirty lifting body flights including the first flight", "id": "21488944" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nlifting body shape, composite multi-lobed liquid fuel tanks, and the aerospike engine, NASA and Lockheed Martin hoped to test fly a craft that would demonstrate the viability of a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) design. A spacecraft capable of reaching orbit in a single stage would not require external fuel tanks or boosters to reach low Earth orbit. Doing away with the need for \"staging\" with launch vehicles, such as with the Shuttle and the Apollo rockets, would lead to an inherently more reliable", "id": "9997271" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfor a proposed SSTO. It is one of only a few prototype SSTO vehicles ever built. Several other prototypes were intended, including the DC-X2 (a half-scale prototype) and the DC-Y, a full-scale vehicle which would be capable of single stage insertion into orbit. Neither of these were built, but the project was taken over by NASA in 1995, and they built the DC-XA, an upgraded one-third scale prototype. This vehicle was lost when it landed with only", "id": "10328890" }, { "contents": "Landing gear\n\n\ne.g., the Space Shuttle, or the USAF X-37), landing gear have been largely absent from orbital vehicles during the early decades since the advent of spaceflight technology, when orbital space transport has been the exclusive preserve of national-monopoly governmental space programs. Each spaceflight system to date has relied on expendable boosters to begin each ascent to orbital velocity. Recent advances in private space transport, where new competition to governmental space initiatives has emerged, have included the explicit design of landing gear into orbital booster rockets. SpaceX has initiated", "id": "10876701" }, { "contents": "Eric Boe\n\n\ninvolves work with displays and controls for future space vehicles. He made his first trip to space as pilot of during STS-126 on November 14, 2008. Boe flew his second space flight as pilot on STS-133, the final scheduled flight of the Space Shuttle \"Discovery\" and the third-to-last flight of the Space Shuttle program. In August 2012, Boe was named Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office. In July 2015, NASA announced Boe as one of the first astronauts for U.S. Commercial spaceflights. Subsequently, he", "id": "14264618" }, { "contents": "Melvin B. Zisfein\n\n\nMelvin B. Zisfein (1926-1995) was an aircraft designer and a Deputy Director of the U.S. National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC. Zisfein graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with degrees in aeronautical engineering (B.S. 1948; M.S. 1948) and worked as a designer, aerodynamicist, and manager for aircraft companies from then until 1966. He was associate director of the Franklin Institute Research Laboratories from 1966 to 1971. From 1971 to 1982 he served as the deputy director of the National Air and Space Museum,", "id": "1801139" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nselected from the Air Force's test pilot cadre. Additionally, the AFTC assisted with the testing of rocket engines and re-entry vehicles. Along with the X-15, pilots at Edwards were expanding the frontiers of atmospheric flight, testing the XB-70 Valkyrie high-altitude bomber, along with the YF-12 interceptor for Air Defense Command and the SR-71 Blackbird Strategic Reconnaissance aircraft for Strategic Air Command. With the decline of the military manned space mission after the NASA Lunar Landing Program ended, the Aerospace Research Pilot School was once again re-", "id": "14946574" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nDC-X were hired by Blue Origin, and their New Shepard vehicle was inspired by the DC-X design. Blue Origin does not require the high cross range capabilities, and therefore uses a base-first re-entry profile. Also, the DC-X provided inspiration for many elements of Armadillo Aerospace's, Masten Space Systems's, and TGV Rockets's spacecraft designs. Some NASA engineers believe that the DC-X could provide a solution for a crewed Mars lander. Had a DC-type craft been", "id": "15420693" }, { "contents": "Rockwell X-30\n\n\nThe Rockwell X-30 was an advanced technology demonstrator project for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP), part of a United States project to create a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spacecraft and passenger spaceliner. It was cancelled in the early 1990s before a prototype was completed, although much development work in advanced materials and aerospace design was completed. While a goal of a future NASP was a passenger liner capable of two-hour flights from Washington to Tokyo, the X-30 was planned for a crew of", "id": "16588465" }, { "contents": "SpaceDev\n\n\nSpaceDev, a part of the \"Space Systems Business\" of Sierra Nevada Corporation, is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work. It designed and built components for the hybrid rocket motors for Paul Allen's Tier One suborbital SpaceShipOne space program operated by Scaled Composites. It is also developing micro- and nano-satellites, a small expendable launch vehicle, the SpaceDev Streaker, and has designed a piloted suborbital and orbital spaceship of its own, the SpaceDev Dream Chaser, in collaboration with NASA. SpaceDev is based near San Diego in", "id": "16321029" }, { "contents": "Glenn L. Martin Company\n\n\nby the American space program as one of its first satellite booster rockets as part of Project Vanguard. The Vanguard was the first American space exploration rocket designed from scratch to be an orbital launch vehicle — rather than being a modified sounding rocket (like the Juno I) or a ballistic missile (like the U.S. Army's Redstone missile). Martin also designed and manufactured the huge and heavily armed Titan I and LGM-25C Titan II Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). Martin Company of Orlando, Florida, was the prime contractor for", "id": "10667744" }, { "contents": "Shuttlecraft (Star Trek)\n\n\nplanetary surface and space. Wernher Von Braun in the 1950s conceived of a reusable winged spacecraft as a ferry rocket. Plans for such vehicles were referred to as \"DC-3\" by spacecraft designer Maxime Faget and Integrated Launch and Reentry Vehicle (ILRV) by NASA. During the late 1960s, while \"\" was being broadcast, these concepts became known as Space Shuttle. In a speech given to the British Interplanetary Society in August 1968 George Mueller, head of the NASA Office of Manned Space Flight, mentioned the need for a", "id": "13203374" }, { "contents": "The Aerospace Corporation\n\n\n. Gen. Bernard A. Schriever announced the \"formation of a new nonprofit organization, The Aerospace Corporation, to serve the Air Force in the scientific and technical planning and management of missile-space programs.\" Among the earliest projects it supported were the Dyna-Soar orbital spaceplane, Project Mercury, and the man-rating of the Atlas (rocket) intercontinental ballistic missile. The Aerospace Corporation provided general systems engineering and technical direction for the Titan II missile, first tested in 1962, which became the launch vehicle for Project Gemini", "id": "15141218" }, { "contents": "Timothy Creamer\n\n\nPrior to his astronaut selection in 1998, he had been working as a space operations officer, with the Army Space Command, stationed in Houston, Texas. He is now the Army’s NASA Detachment commander. Creamer was assigned to NASA at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in July 1995 as a Space Shuttle vehicle integration test engineer. His duties primarily involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle. He was actively involved in the integrated tests of the systems for each Orbiter for its preparations for its", "id": "7264360" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nof the rocket, the Clipper Graham soared into the skies over the old White Sands Missile Range to a height of 3,120 meters (10,300 ft) and stayed in the air for over two minutes before landing. That flight was the highest and longest the vehicle had ever flown until then. Robert A. Heinlein dedicated his 1985 novel The Cat Who Walks Through Walls to Graham and eight of the other members of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy. Graham was chairman of the American Space Frontier Committee, the Coalition for", "id": "5770554" }, { "contents": "SpaceX\n\n\nhas one of the largest concentrations of aerospace headquarters, facilities, and/or subsidiaries in the U.S., including Boeing/McDonnell Douglas main satellite building campuses, Aerospace Corp., Raytheon, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Air Force Space Command's Space and Missile Systems Center at Los Angeles Air Force Base, Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems, Northrop Grumman, and AECOM, etc., with a large pool of aerospace engineers and recent college engineering graduates. SpaceX utilizes a high degree of vertical integration in the production of its rockets and rocket", "id": "10001424" }, { "contents": "William H. Gerstenmaier\n\n\n1980, Gerstenmaier moved to Houston, Texas, to work at the Johnson Space Center, researching propulsion related to the Space Shuttle, and was involved in the earliest phases of the International Space Station design. In 1984, he was a semi-finalist in the selection for NASA Astronaut Group 10. In 1988, he first served as manager of Space Shuttle Program Integration, and then went on to serve as head of the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle Operations Office. Following that, he became Director of Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom", "id": "13055214" }, { "contents": "Bruno Augenstein\n\n\nBruno Wilhelm Augenstein (March 16, 1923 – July 6, 2005) was a German-born mathematician and physicist who made important contributions in space technology, ballistic missile research, satellites, antimatter, and many other areas. Augenstein worked in the Aerophysics Laboratory at North American Aviation on diverse projects including weaponization of the V-2 rocket, a ramjet-powered vehicle that later became the Navajo missile. He entered RAND Corporation as a consultant and subcontractor in 1949. Initially at RAND he developed an interest in long range missiles. Augenstein", "id": "1664472" }, { "contents": "Robert R. Gilruth\n\n\nRobert Rowe Gilruth (October 8, 1913 – August 17, 2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. He worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics from 1937 to 1958 and its successor NASA, until his retirement in 1973. He was involved with early research into supersonic flight and rocket-powered aircraft, and then with the United States manned space program, including the Mercury, Gemini", "id": "19875506" } ]

[ { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nMaxwell White Hunter II (March 11, 1922 – November 10, 2001) was a prominent American aerospace engineer. He worked on the design of the Douglas B-42 and Douglas B-43 bombers, the Honest John, Nike-Ajax, and Nike-Zeus missiles, the Thor IRBM, and on parts of the Strategic Defense Initiative. In later years he worked on space-launch vehicles and was a proponent of Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) designs. He was honored in 1995 by the National Space Society", "id": "13829898" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvariety of projects including parts of the mammoth Strategic Defense Initiative. SDI gave him a chance at realizing a dream he had nurtured since the 1960s: the construction of a Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle. In 1984, Hunter proposed a vehicle he called the X-rocket, based on those earlier SSTO designs. The design was reviewed by LMSC's Astronautics Division (AD), which judged it worth pursuing, and by its Missile Systems Division (MSD), which did not. LMSC then", "id": "13829902" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\npayloads into Earth orbit today. After working for Douglas Aircraft from 1944 to 1961, Hunter joined the staff of the National Aeronautics and Space Council, a group that advised the U.S. president on space policy. Following several years in that position, he went back to the aerospace industry in 1965, spending over two decades with Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (LMSC). (LMSC was a division of Lockheed Corporation, which merged with Martin Marietta in 1995 to become Lockheed-Martin.) At LMSC, Hunter worked on a", "id": "13829901" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nspace systems. In this position he oversaw the production of military missiles including the Honest John artillery rocket, the Nike antiaircraft missile, and the Sparrow air-to-air missile. Douglas Aircraft began work on the Thor, an early Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM), in late 1955 and put Hunter in charge of that program. He assembled a small team of crack designers and brought the development to success in a short time. Thor became the basis of the McDonnell Douglas Delta rocket, whose descendants are still boosting", "id": "13829900" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nand High Frontier convinced SDI management and other national officials that a study should be initiated to determine once and for all the feasibility of SSTO vehicles for military missions. This led to a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) program to design a single-stage vehicle that could replace military satellites on short notice during a national emergency. This vehicle was known as the Delta Clipper. McDonnell Douglas Corporation was contracted to build and test fly a one-third-scale, suborbital testbed called the DC-X, or Delta Clipper", "id": "13829904" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvehicle tipped over at landing. Funding to make repairs and continue flight tests was not made available. Max Hunter continued to advise on space policy issues and advocate the building of SSTO vehicles for airline-like access to space, a goal he was sure could be attained. He chaired the Rules Committee for the Ansari X Prize, announced in 1996, a $10 million prize for the first reusable craft to reach space twice within two weeks without substantial refit. In October 2000, he agreed to serve as Chairman of the", "id": "13829906" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nExperimental. While not capable of spaceflight, the DC-X incorporated many of the technologies needed for an SSTO vehicle, including highly automated systems enabling a quick turnaround (just twenty-six hours) between launches. It made eight successful test flights between August 18, 1993, and July 7, 1995, and then was taken over by NASA and flown four times as the DC-XA between May 18 and July 31, 1996. It was damaged on its last flight when one landing strut failed to deploy and the", "id": "13829905" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nfor lifelong contributions to the technology of spaceflight. Maxwell Hunter was born in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania and graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in that state with a degree in physics and mathematics. In 1944, he earned a Master's Degree in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). After earning his MS from MIT, Hunter went to work for the Douglas Aircraft Company. He became their chief designer in aeronautics, working on modifications of the B-42 and B-43 bombers. Later he was promoted to chief engineer for", "id": "13829899" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\ndeclined to support further work on the X-rocket, and Hunter retired. As an independent consultant, he renamed the concept SSX (for Space Ship Experimental), and began to refine it. In December 1988 the ad hoc Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy was briefed on the concept by Hunter and others. The general concept was endorsed by the Council and by High Frontier, Inc., a Washington-based group headed by Lt. Gen. Daniel O. Graham that lobbied for SDI programs. Working together, Hunter", "id": "13829903" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nAdvisory Board for the Undersea Hotel Project of the Cala Corporation. He died at Stanford Hospital, Stanford, California on the evening of November 10, 2001 after a lingering illness. Max Hunter was Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Beta Pi, and a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), the American Astronautical Society (AAS), and the British Interplanetary Society (BIS). He was also a member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) and an honorary member of the Japanese Rocket Society", "id": "13829907" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nThe DC-X, short for Delta Clipper or Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed prototype of a reusable single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle built by McDonnell Douglas in conjunction with the United States Department of Defense's Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) from 1991 to 1993. Starting 1994 until 1995, testing continued through funding of the US civil space agency NASA. In 1996, the DC-X technology was completely transferred to NASA, which upgraded the design for improved performance to create the DC-XA", "id": "15420672" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nvehicles was prepared by Chrysler Corporation's Space Division in 1970–1971 under NASA contract NAS8-26341. Their proposal (Shuttle SERV) was an enormous vehicle with more than of payload, utilizing jet engines for (vertical) landing. While the technical problems seemed to be solvable, the USAF required a winged design that led to the Shuttle as we know it today. The uncrewed DC-X technology demonstrator, originally developed by McDonnell Douglas for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program office, was an attempt to build a vehicle", "id": "10328910" }, { "contents": "David Urie\n\n\nsystem before initiating and heading the Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) and X-33 Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Programs at Lockheed. Urie's work as the program manager for the previously classified Have Region project demonstrated that rocket-powered single-stage-to-orbit vehicles were technically feasible, which led to the Lockheed Martin SSTO design approach. As a Director of the Lockheed-Martin Skunk Works SSTO/RLV Advanced Technology Demonstration Program, Urie conceived and developed the aerospike rocket propelled lifting body that was selected by NASA as", "id": "20876395" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nearly stages of flight; and flight within Earth's atmosphere, which limits speed in the early stages of flight and influences engine performance. Additionally, the retirement of NASA's Shuttle launch vehicle has resulted in a substantial reduction in the cost to launch a kilogram of payload to either low Earth orbit or the International Space Station, removing the main projected advantage of the SSTO concept. Notable single stage to orbit concepts include Skylon, the DC-X, the Lockheed Martin X-33, and the Roton SSTO. However, despite showing", "id": "10328885" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nThe Lockheed Martin X-33 was an uncrewed, sub-scale technology demonstrator suborbital spaceplane developed in the 1990s under the U.S. government-funded Space Launch Initiative program. The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for the VentureStar orbital spaceplane, which was planned to be a next-generation, commercially operated reusable launch vehicle. The X-33 would flight-test a range of technologies that NASA believed it needed for single-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicles (SSTO RLVs), such as metallic thermal protection systems, composite cryogenic fuel tanks", "id": "9997267" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n. During the 1960s some of the first concept designs for this kind of craft began to emerge. One of the earliest SSTO concepts was the expendable One stage Orbital Space Truck (OOST) proposed by Philip Bono, an engineer for Douglas Aircraft Company. A reusable version named ROOST was also proposed. Another early SSTO concept was a reusable launch vehicle named NEXUS which was proposed by Krafft Arnold Ehricke in the early 1960s. It was one of the largest spacecraft ever conceptualized with a diameter of over 50 metres and the capability to", "id": "10328887" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n. According to writer Jerry Pournelle: \"DC-X was conceived in my living room and sold to National Space Council Chairman Dan Quayle by General Graham, Max Hunter and me.\" According to Max Hunter, however, he had tried hard to convince Lockheed Martin of the concept's value for several years before he retired. Hunter had written a paper in 1985 entitled \"The Opportunity\", detailing the concept of a Single-Stage-To-Orbit spacecraft built with low-cost \"off-the-shelf", "id": "15420673" }, { "contents": "Rob Meyerson\n\n\nInitiative contract with NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. Meyerson launched his career as an aerospace engineer at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) from 1985 to 1997 working on human spaceflight systems, including the aerodynamic design of the Space Shuttle orbiter drag parachute, as well as the overall design, integration, and flight test of a gliding parachute for the X-38 Crew Rescue Vehicle, a crew return vehicle designed to return astronauts to earth from the International Space Station. Meyerson began with NASA in 1985 as a cooperative education student at JSC", "id": "8603673" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nfor the X-33 was selected over competing concepts from Boeing and McDonnell Douglas. Boeing proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design, and McDonnell Douglas proposed a design based on its vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL) DC-XA test vehicle. The uncrewed X-33 was slated to fly 15 suborbital hops to near 75.8 km altitude. It was to be launched upright like a rocket and rather than having a straight flight path it would fly diagonally up for half the flight, reaching extremely high altitudes, and then for the rest of the", "id": "9997274" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nThe methodologies were later adopted as a standard by the Air Transport Association. He later joined the Thor missile project as the chief design engineer, and this introduced him to the world of space launchers. With new upper stages, Thor became the Delta, one of the most-used launchers in the 1960s. In spite of Thor's success, Hunter was dissatisfied with the state of the launcher market and later wrote that \"by the end of 1963 the state of recoverable rockets was terrible.\" He was convinced that as", "id": "7750830" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nit the DC-X for Delta Clipper Experimental. The name honored the firm's successful Thor/Delta rocket and recalled the famous 19th-century commercial clipper ships. The McDonnell Douglas SSTO team saw the Delta Clipper as opening the \"space trade routes in the same way that the Yankee Clipper ships opened the sea trade routes.\" The needs of the commercial launch industry thus were integral to the thinking of the McDonnell Douglas DC-X team. General Graham envisioned the DC-X as the perfect inexpensive launch and delivery", "id": "5770549" }, { "contents": "George Huebner\n\n\nproduce intercontinental ballistic missiles. Huebner was named executive engineer in charge of Chrysler's Missile Branch. At the time he was serving as executive engineer of research for Chrysler in their automotive division. He developed a complete research and development missile facility that included engineering, testing, and production of the Redstone rocket. These rockets ultimately launched into orbit the first U.S. satellites and the first manned space flights. Huebner worked closely with Wernher von Braun on the space program. For two years he worked on this rocket project and then went back", "id": "15004097" }, { "contents": "Reusable launch system\n\n\nthe McDonnell Douglas Delta Clipper VTOL SSTO proposal progressed to the testing phase. The DC-X prototype demonstrated rapid turnaround time and automatic computer control. In mid-1990, British research evolved an earlier HOTOL design into the far more promising Skylon design, which remains in development. From the commercial side, Rocketplane Kistler and Rotary Rocket attempted to build reusable privately developed rockets before going bankrupt. NASA proposed risky reusable concepts to replace the Shuttle technology, to be demonstrated under the X-33 and X-34 programs, which were both cancelled in the early", "id": "19421229" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\na number of SSTO advocates to reconsider hydrogen as a satisfactory fuel. The late Max Hunter, while employing hydrogen fuel in the DC-X, often said that he thought the first successful orbital SSTO would more likely be fueled by propane. Some SSTO concepts use the same engine for all altitudes, which is a problem for traditional engines with a bell-shaped nozzle. Depending on the atmospheric pressure, different bell shapes are optimal. Engines operating in the lower atmosphere have shorter bells than those designed to work in vacuum.", "id": "10328899" }, { "contents": "George Mueller (NASA)\n\n\ndesigns ranged from 'simple' concepts like Martin Marietta's six person reusable craft similar to the Dyna-Soar (launched by a Titan III-M), to partially reusable concepts like Lockheed's Star Clipper or Tip Tank from McDonnell Douglas, to fully reusable two-stage vehicles like the one proposed by General Dynamics. Following this symposium Mueller continued to champion a \"space shuttle\". He did not invent the term, but he made it his own. He was also a keen proponent of space stations and was", "id": "16249187" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nIn October 2000, Beal Aerospace ceased operations citing a decision by NASA and the Department of Defense to commit themselves to the development of the competing government-financed EELV program. In 1998 Rotary Rocket proposed the Roton, a Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) piloted Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) space transport. A full scale Roton Atmospheric Test Vehicle flew three times in 1999. After spending tens of millions of dollars in development the Roton failed to secure launch contracts and Rotary Rocket ceased operations in 2001. On", "id": "288621" }, { "contents": "List of human spaceflight programs\n\n\ncommissioned by the Russian Aerospace Agency since 1993. The Kankoh-maru (観光丸? Kankōmaru) is the name of a proposed vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL), single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), reusable launch system (rocket-powered spacecraft). The Ansari X Prize was a space competition in which the X Prize Foundation offered a US$10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable crewed spacecraft into space twice within two weeks. Twenty-six teams from around the world", "id": "19978394" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nby 2016, and some space ventures have had to turn away investor funding. After earlier first effort of OTRAG, in the 1990s the projection of a significant demand for communications satellite launches attracted the development of a number of commercial space launch providers. The launch demand largely vanished when some of the largest satellite constellations, such as 288 satellite Teledesic network, were never built. In 1996 NASA selected Lockheed Martin Skunk Works to build the X-33 VentureStar prototype for a single stage to orbit (SSTO) reusable launch vehicle. In 1999", "id": "288619" }, { "contents": "James Smith McDonnell\n\n\nMcDonnell Aircraft Corporation in 1939. Headquartered in St. Louis, the company quickly grew into a principal supplier of fighter aircraft to the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy, including the F-4 Phantom II fighter and the Mercury and Gemini space capsules. In 1967, McDonnell Aircraft merged with the Douglas Aircraft Company to create McDonnell Douglas. Later that year Douglas Aircraft Company's space and missiles division became part of a new subsidiary called McDonnell Douglas Astronautics, located in Huntington Beach, California, producing the Delta series of launch vehicles. The new", "id": "21028393" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\ndeath, the first launch vehicle based on his designs, the McDonnell Douglas DC-X (Delta Clipper) began a largely successful series of test flights. The DC-X was a vertical-takeoff and vertical landing vehicle. The series of test flights began on 18 August 1993 and continued until the upgraded version of the launch vehicle (renamed the DC-XA) tipped over on landing on July 31, 1996. Among Bono's visionary designs was a 1960 Boeing design for a manned Mars spacecraft capable of carrying a", "id": "3522773" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\neight Block II satellites for flights on the new Delta II expendable Medium Launch Vehicle in lieu of the Space Shuttle. Space Division awarded the Medium Launch Vehicle (MLV) contract to McDonnell-Douglas Astronautics Company on 21 January 1987. However, unlike earlier commercial arrangements, the company would no longer be under contract to NASA. Under the new Commercial Expendable Launch Vehicle program encouraged by president Ronald Reagan since 1983, McDonnell-Douglas would be responsible for producing, marketing and launching its commercial Delta IIs. The Air Force would be", "id": "19923501" }, { "contents": "Mel Hunter\n\n\nfor the years 1960-1962. As Hunter's science fiction career blossomed, so did his technical and scientific illustrations. Hunter's love of air and space took him from California's desert runways to Florida's seacoast launchpads to illustrate every variety of jet-age aircraft and space-age rocket imaginable—from X-15 to Saturn V. One of Hunter's best-known books is \"The Missilemen\", a photo illustrated work published in 1960 by Doubleday. Hunter visited U.S. rocket and missile sites during the late 1950s; he", "id": "20560131" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\na single-stage-to-orbit vehicle. Five companies expressed interest and proposed concepts. Three (LM, Rockwell and McDonnell Douglas) were selected for workup into more detailed proposals. Rockwell proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design. It would have used one Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) and two RL-10-5A engines. In a subsequent full-scale system to reach orbit Rockwell planned to use six Rocketdyne RS-2100 engines. McDonnell Douglas featured a design using liquid oxygen/hydrogen bell engines based on its vertical takeoff", "id": "9997282" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\nresearch ways to make more efficient use of the wing surface during high-speed maneuvers. The Directorate is also a collaborator with DARPA, the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Sandia National Laboratories and AFRL's Space Vehicles Directorate on the FALCON program, which includes the HTV-3X Blackswift hypersonic flight demonstration vehicle. The Air Vehicles Directorate also collaborated with NASA and Boeing on the initial work for the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle and the 80% scaled version, X-40A Space Maneuver Vehicle, prior to the classification of the program and", "id": "1842734" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nparts for re-use. After landing the vehicle would be refit, mated with another tank, and be ready for another mission. Hunter moved to Lockheed in the fall of 1965. On his first day he was asked if there was anything Lockheed should be looking at, and he immediately suggested development of his stage-and-a-half design. His suggestions caught the ear of Eugene Root, president of Lockheed Missiles and Space, who gave him the go-ahead to study what became known as the Star", "id": "7750834" }, { "contents": "PGM-17 Thor\n\n\ndeployment as a missile a few years after deployment, the Thor rocket found widespread use as a space launch vehicle. It was the first in a large family of space launch vehicles—the Delta rockets. The last remaining descendant of the Thor, the Delta II, was retired in 2018, and the Delta IV is based on entirely new technology, unlike the Delta II. see Project Emily Stations and Squadrons Family: Thor IRBM, Thor DM-18 (single stage LV); Thor DM-19 (rocket 1st stage), Thor", "id": "15220989" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthree of its four landing pads deployed, which caused it to tip over on its side and explode. The project has not been continued since. From 1999 to 2001 Rotary Rocket attempted to build a SSTO vehicle called the Roton. It received a large amount of media attention and a working sub-scale prototype was completed, but the design was largely impractical. There have been various approaches to SSTO, including pure rockets that are launched and land vertically, air-breathing scramjet-powered vehicles that are launched and land horizontally", "id": "10328891" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\n. The facilities for testing rockets are frequently used for testing new rocket engines including the RS-68 rocket engine developed for use on the Delta IV launch vehicle. The space propulsion area also develops technologies for use in satellites on-orbit to alter their orbits. An AFRL-developed experimental Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) arcjet was flown on the ARGOS satellite in 1999 as part of the Air Force Space Test Program. The Directorate currently manages the X-51A program, which is developing a scramjet demonstration vehicle. The X-51 program is working", "id": "1842749" }, { "contents": "Laurel van der Wal\n\n\nhonors. Her graduate education was funded in part by a National Research Council fellowship to study aeronautics in Stockholm, Sweden. As a young engineer van der Wal worked at Douglas Aircraft as a data analyst on the Nike missile program, and later designing missile systems for the Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation. Starting in 1958, she was the project engineer on three MIA (Mouse-in-Able) launches from Cape Canaveral, as head of bioastronautics at Space Technology Laboratories. She was named the \"Los Angeles Times\"'s \"", "id": "12236594" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nThe National Launch System (or New Launch System) was a study authorized in 1991 by President George H. W. Bush to outline alternatives to the Space Shuttle for access to Earth orbit. Shortly thereafter, NASA asked Lockheed Missiles and Space, McDonnell Douglas, and TRW to perform a ten-month study. A series of launch vehicles was proposed, based around the proposed Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) liquid-fuel rocket engine. The STME was to be a simplified, expendable version of the Space Shuttle main engine (", "id": "11086741" }, { "contents": "Michael R. Clifford\n\n\nfrom the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and was designated an experimental test pilot. In December 1995, Clifford retired from the army. As a military officer, Clifford was assigned to the Johnson Space Center in July 1987. As a Space Shuttle Vehicle Integration engineer, his duties involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle Program. He was involved in design certification and integration of the Shuttle Crew Escape System, and was an executive board member of the Solid Rocket Booster Postflight Assessment Team. Selected as an astronaut", "id": "18151051" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n. In the Shuttle development effort he led a team working on vehicle aerodynamics and the main engines, which included developing full-scale component tests and scaling methodologies, and applying computational fluid dynamics to overcome a wide range of aerothermochemistry problems. He was Chief of the Aerophysics Division at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center until 1992, when he became Chief Aerodynamicist at the NASA Center. He was awarded the AIAA Aerodynamics Award in 1997 for his exceptional lifetime contributions to the aerodynamic design and analysis of strategic missiles and manned/unmanned launch", "id": "21371187" }, { "contents": "Robert A. Heinlein\n\n\noften in his fiction, as do fictitious strikable self-lighting cigarettes. In 1980 Robert Heinlein was a member of the Citizens Advisory Council on National Space Policy, chaired by Jerry Pournelle, which met at the home of SF writer Larry Niven to write space policy papers for the incoming Reagan Administration. Members included such aerospace industry leaders as former astronaut Buzz Aldrin, General Daniel O. Graham, aerospace engineer Max Hunter and North American Rockwell VP for Space Shuttle development George Merrick. Policy recommendations from the Council included ballistic missile defense concepts", "id": "5599733" }, { "contents": "Wernher von Braun\n\n\nUnited States, along with about 1,600 other German scientists, engineers, and technicians, as part of Operation Paperclip. He worked for the United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) program, and he developed the rockets that launched the United States' first space satellite Explorer 1. His group was assimilated into NASA, where he served as director of the newly formed Marshall Space Flight Center and as the chief architect of the Saturn V super heavy-lift launch vehicle that propelled the Apollo spacecraft to the", "id": "15033628" }, { "contents": "Jarvis (rocket)\n\n\nJarvis was a proposed American medium-lift launch vehicle for space launch, designed by Hughes Aircraft and Boeing during the mid-1980s as part of the joint United States Air Force (USAF)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Launch System (ALS) study. Intended to utilize engines and tooling in storage from the Saturn V rocket program along with Space Shuttle components, and projected to be capable of carrying up to six satellites into multiple orbits using a single launch (e.g. GPS constellation), the proposal failed to meet the ALS", "id": "15822979" }, { "contents": "Robert F. Overmyer\n\n\nMarch 1988, he joined the Space Station Team at McDonnell Douglas Aerospace, where he led crew and operations activities for seven years. He retired from McDonnell Douglas in April 1995 and expanded the scope of Mach Twenty Five International, continuing his aerospace consultation work as well as speaking engagements and writing. Overmyer continued his career as a general aviation test pilot. Having former experience with aeronautical testing at both U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School and NASA, he joined Minnesota-based aircraft manufacturer Cirrus Design (now called Cirrus Aircraft) as", "id": "19963429" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n, nuclear-powered vehicles, and even jet-engine-powered vehicles that can fly into orbit and return landing like an airliner, completely intact. For rocket-powered SSTO, the main challenge is achieving a high enough mass-ratio to carry sufficient propellant to achieve orbit, plus a meaningful payload weight. One possibility is to give the rocket an initial speed with a space gun, as planned in the Quicklaunch project. For air-breathing SSTO, the main challenge is system complexity and associated research and development costs", "id": "10328892" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfuel for increasing efficiency once in space. Further examples of Bono's early concepts (prior to the 1990s) which were never constructed include: Around 1985 the NASP project was intended to launch a scramjet vehicle into orbit, but funding was stopped and the project cancelled. At around the same time, the HOTOL tried to use precooled jet engine technology, but failed to show significant advantages over rocket technology. The DC-X, short for Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed one-third scale vertical takeoff and landing demonstrator", "id": "10328889" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nShuttle design. The detailed study of the cost advantages of the drop tank design demonstrated a dramatic reduction in development risk, and as a result, development costs. When funding for STS development was cut, the drop tank was taken up as a way to meet the developmental budgets, leading to the semi-reusable Space Shuttle design. Maxwell Hunter was working at Douglas Aircraft where he formalized the calculation of aircraft operation economics. His methodologies were first published in 1940, and were later applied to the Douglas DC-6 and DC-7.", "id": "7750829" }, { "contents": "Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle\n\n\nThe Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle, designed for NASA's Project Mercury, was the first American crewed space booster. It was used for six sub-orbital Mercury flights from 1960–61; culminating with the launch of the first, and 11 weeks later, the second American (and the second and third humans) in space. The four subsequent Mercury human spaceflights used the more powerful Atlas booster to enter low Earth orbit. A member of the Redstone rocket family, it was derived from the U.S. Army's Redstone ballistic missile and", "id": "11828011" }, { "contents": "British Aerospace HOTOL\n\n\nspace launch system. In 1982, British Aerospace (BAe), which was Europe's principal satellite-builder, began studying a prospective new launch system with the aim of providing launch costs that were 20 per cent of the American Space Shuttle operated by NASA. BAe became aware of work by British engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce on a suitable engine, and soon conceived of an unmanned, fully reuseable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) winged spaceplane as a launch vehicle. Thus, the project had soon became", "id": "14493503" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\nrole in the civilian NASA Project Mercury, Project Gemini and Project Apollo manned space programs along with military Space Shuttle flights. The mission of the unit today is performed by the 45th Space Wing (no direct lineage). Activated in December 1950, replacing 550th Guided Missiles Wing. the 6555th had a distinguished career launching and/or managing ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and payloads for the Ballistic Systems Division, the Space Systems Division and the Space & Missile Systems Organization. As a Wing or a Group, the 6555th earned ten Air", "id": "19923442" }, { "contents": "William H. Dana\n\n\ncontributions to the lifting body program, Dana received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal. In 1976 he received the Haley Space Flight Award from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) for his research work on the M2-F3 lifting body control systems. A member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Dana is the author of several technical papers. In 1993, he was inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Honor. During the X-15 program, eight pilots flew above 264,000 feet or 50 miles, thereby qualifying as astronauts according to", "id": "8766846" }, { "contents": "USAF Hunter-Killer\n\n\nHunter-Killer is an unofficial project name based upon an \"Aviation Week & Space Technology\" article. The U.S. Air Force's Hunter-Killer program was a tactical unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV) procurement program. The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, a variant of the MQ-1 Predator won the project and was deployed in Afghanistan. This is the U.S. Air Force program for which several companies have developed vehicles. Although the J-UCAS concept is a long way from the early idea of a \"reusable cruise missile\",", "id": "18825446" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nlong as launchers were thrown away, access to space would never be affordable. Several companies had already completed early feasibility studies of fully reusable spacecraft, like the Martin Marietta Astrorocket and Douglas Astro. The designs used two flyback stages, one of which flew back to the launch point, while the other flew into orbit and landed after its mission. Hunter thought that any such design was tantamount to making two aircraft to do the job of one, and it was only the upper stage that was of any real use. By", "id": "7750831" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\ndirector of the CIA under Director William Colby and from 1974–1976 he was the director of the DIA. Ronald Reagan called upon General Graham to be his military advisor for his 1976 and 1980 campaigns. General Graham is a member of the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame. In later years, Graham devoted a lot of time to the research and development of Single-Stage To Orbit (SSTO) spacecraft in conjunction with NASA. McDonnell Douglas was awarded a contract to build an SSTO test vehicle on August 16, 1991, and named", "id": "5770548" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nBased on its experience working with Minuteman assets, Space Vector was tasked by Lockheed in 1980 to help develop the Homing Overlay Experiment (HOE) booster for the U.S. Army which would go on to become the first successful hit-to-kill intercept of a mock ballistic missile warhead outside the Earth’s atmosphere. This technology was later used by the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and expanded into the Exoatmospheric Reentry-vehicle Interception System (ERIS) program. In 1982 Space Vector was tapped by Space Services Inc. of America (", "id": "7487030" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nPhilip Bono (13 January 1921 – 23 May 1993) was a Douglas Aircraft Company engineer. He was a pioneer of reusable vertical landing single-stage to orbit launch vehicles. As a visionary designer, he is credited with inventing the first version of a recoverable single-stage spacecraft booster, and his contributions influenced spacecraft design. Bono pursued single-stage space launch as simpler and cheaper. He realized to do this he would need to use high specific impulse liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engines. Afterwards he proposed to", "id": "3522770" }, { "contents": "Vance D. Coffman\n\n\nin Aerospace Engineering of Iowa State University (ISU). Coffman had three brothers, all of which studied at ISU within the engineering and science departments. Coffman has Master's and Doctorate graduate in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University. In 1967, Coffman joined Lockheed Martin Corporation's Space Systems Division, working on the development of space programs and data processing systems for the corporation. By 1988 he was president of the Space Systems Division. He directed the Hubble Space Telescope project for Lockheed. By 1998 he was the chairman and", "id": "11284872" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n\" commercial parts and currently-available technology, but Lockheed Martin was not interested enough to fund such a program themselves. On February 15, 1989, Pournelle, Graham and Hunter were able to procure a meeting with Vice-President Dan Quayle. They \"sold\" the idea to SDIO by noting that any space-based weapons system would need to be serviced by a spacecraft that was far more reliable than the Space Shuttle, and offer lower launch costs and have much better turnaround times. Given the uncertainties of the design", "id": "15420674" }, { "contents": "Abdul Majid (physicist)\n\n\nand joined Pakistan's Space Program as a researcher in astrophysics and aeronautical labs. Majid worked under the supervision of noted Pakistani-Polish military scientist and aeronautical engineer, Air Commodore W. J. M. Turowicz, in the field of Rocket Technology and published numerous research papers. He is credited for the design and developed the Hypersonic Rocket Launch Vehicle or Hatf Missiles Series during his stay at SUPARCO. In 1983, Dr Majid was put in-charge of Satellite Development Program of Pakistan. He is widely credited for the indigenous development and launching", "id": "14780917" }, { "contents": "Martin Knutson\n\n\n's aging fleet of F-104 support aircraft with F/A-18 Hornets. He also provided leadership for numerous flight research projects including the X-29 forward-swept-wing technology demonstrator; the Controlled Impact Demonstration, the F-15 Digital Electronic Engine Control project that integrated propulsion and flight controls, the Pegasus air-launched rocket for placing small payloads into low-Earth orbit; the CV-990 Landing Systems Research aircraft that tested improved braking systems for the space shuttle; and the F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle. After the Air Force announced the impending retirement", "id": "2519508" }, { "contents": "Pioneer Rocketplane\n\n\nMissile Range Officers’ Club on May 12, 1993. The original concept was developed by then Air Force Captain Mitchell Burnside Clapp, who envisioned an aerial refueled, rocket-powered single-stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicle using jet fuel and hydrogen peroxide. This concept seemed a natural match for the Air Force's TransAtmospheric Vehicle (TAV) mission and studies began at the USAF Phillips Laboratory. Aerospace engineering legend Burt Rutan and noted aircraft designer Dan Raymer contributed input to the development of the design. During the winter of", "id": "17524030" }, { "contents": "Thor (rocket family)\n\n\nThor was a US space launch vehicle derived from the PGM-17 Thor intermediate-range ballistic missile. The Thor rocket was the first member of the Delta rocket family of space launch vehicles. The last launch of a direct derivative of the Thor missile occurred in 2018 as the first stage of the final Delta II. Thor was first used as a launch vehicle during the testing program of the warhead reentry vehicle for the Atlas missile. For these three tests a Thor core stage was topped by the Able second stage. Able used the", "id": "21158637" }, { "contents": "Boeing X-37\n\n\nThe Boeing X-37, also known as the Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), is a reusable robotic spacecraft. It is boosted into space by a launch vehicle, then re-enters Earth's atmosphere and lands as a spaceplane. The X-37 is operated by the United States Air Force for orbital spaceflight missions intended to demonstrate reusable space technologies. It is a 120%-scaled derivative of the earlier Boeing X-40. The X-37 began as a NASA project in 1999, before being transferred to the U.S. Department of Defense in 2004. Its first", "id": "12510871" }, { "contents": "LGM-25C Titan II\n\n\nThe Titan II was an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and space launcher developed by the Glenn L. Martin Company from the earlier Titan I missile. Titan II was originally designed and used as an ICBM, but was later adapted as a medium-lift space launch vehicle to carry payloads to Earth orbit for the United States Air Force (USAF), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Those payloads included the USAF Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), NOAA weather", "id": "10861471" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\non the X-33 experience shared with NASA, Lockheed Martin hoped to make the business case for a full-scale SSTO RLV, called VentureStar, that would be developed and operated through commercial means. The intention was that rather than operate space transport systems as it has with the Space Shuttle, NASA would instead look to private industry to operate the reusable launch vehicle and NASA would purchase launch services from the commercial launch provider. Thus, the X-33 was not only about honing space flight technologies, but also about successfully demonstrating the technology", "id": "9997276" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nmake these vehicles reusable. From his ROOST design onwards Bono advocated space launch vehicles without wings, usually using rocket assisted vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL). According to his estimates, wings consisted mostly of dead weight that decreased launch payload mass. He patented a reusable plug nozzle rocket engine which had dual use as a heat shield for atmospheric reentry. His early 1960s concepts influenced later designs like the 1990s Delta Clipper, also from Douglas. Philip Bono was born in Brooklyn, New York on 13 January 1921. He graduated", "id": "3522771" }, { "contents": "Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment\n\n\nof new space services and other activities that would improve U.S. economic competitiveness. The program implemented the National Space Transportation Policy, which is designed to accelerate the development of new launch technologies and concepts to contribute to the continuing commercialization of the national space launch industry. Both the X-33 and the smaller X-34 technology testbed demonstrator were under the Space Transportation Program Offices at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. The air-launched, winged X-34 also was to demonstrate technologies applicable to future-generation reusable launch vehicles designed to dramatically", "id": "20761669" }, { "contents": "Adolf Thiel\n\n\nfor the Thor ballistic missile, which became a first-stage launch for the Explorer spacecraft. He was director of space projects for TRW when it developed Explorer VI and Pioneer V, two of the earliest US craft to explore interplanetary space. He oversaw all of TRW's space programs during the 1970s. After his retirement in 1980 as a senior vice president, Thiel served as an executive consultant to TRW and on NASA planning groups. He was named a fellow of the American Astronautical Society in 1968. He married Frances Thiel", "id": "11277096" }, { "contents": "BAC Mustard\n\n\nin other space programmes, such as the American Space Shuttle. Mustard was a modular re-usable space launch system, comprising multiple copies of a single vehicle design, each of which was configured for a different role as a booster stage or an orbital spaceplane. The core vehicle design resembled the basic layout of the Douglas Astro, both being delta-winged reusable vehicles, as would the later American Space Shuttle. Furthermore, all three functioned as vertically-launched rockets and used integral wings so that they could land horizontally,", "id": "11296482" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nSSIA) to fabricate and launch the Conestoga I off Matagorda Island, Texas which became the first privately funded rocket to reach space. In 1992 Space Vector teamed with Coleman Research Corporation (now a division of L-3 Communications) and Aerotherm to provide the Army Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC) with 25 Hera target vehicles to support testing of THAAD and Patriot PAC-3 anti-ballistic missile systems. Space Vector went on to earn the distinction in 1997 as the first company to air launch a minuteman based target vehicle. The single", "id": "7487031" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n-range ballistic missile and the large Saturn I booster rocket. Following the Russian Sputnik launch, in July 1960 he moved with other von Braun rocket scientists from the Army Ballistic Missile Agency to the newly founded NASA. There, as part of the Apollo moon-landing program, he made major contributions working on the Saturn V booster rocket, on aerothermodynamics, and on liquid hydrogen propellant systems. He subsequently was involved in numerous projects contributing to the nation's manned and unmanned space flight programs, especially Skylab and the Space Shuttle", "id": "21371186" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nthe NLS-1 core stage. The NLS program did not venture beyond the planning stages and did not survive the Presidency of Bill Clinton, which started in January 1993. In 1992, Daniel Goldin was selected to replace Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly as NASA administrator. Goldin championed the motto, \"faster, better, cheaper,\" which may not have fit the ambitious NLS vision. A NASA history from 1998 says that reusable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) rockets and space planes such as the McDonnell Douglas DC", "id": "11086743" }, { "contents": "Gary Hudson (engineer)\n\n\nGary Hudson has been involved in private spaceflight development for over 40 years. Hudson is best known as the founder of Rotary Rocket Company, which in spending ~$30 Million attempted to build a unique single stage to orbit launch vehicle known as the Roton. Rotary Rocket built a landing test simulator (the Roton ATV) which flew three successful test flights in 1999. He also helped found Transformational Space T/Space in 2004. He also helped found AirLaunch LLC which was awarded the DARPA/USAF FALCON project in 2003. Previous projects", "id": "10746924" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nof Space Shuttle Columbia touched down on Rogers Dry Lakebed, with Astronauts John Young and Robert Crippin successfully landing the first orbiting space vehicle ever to leave the Earth under rocket power and return to Earth aerodynamically for re-use. The \"Flying Wing\" returned to Edwards in the late 1980s when the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber began testing, and at a remote site, the F-117A Nighthawk stealth fighter. Air-Launched Cruise Missile, and LANTIRN systems were also tested during the 1980s. The 1990s saw the arrival of the Lockheed", "id": "14946576" }, { "contents": "Jerry Pournelle\n\n\nof making recommendation to the US Air Force on investment in technologies required to build the missile force to be deployed in 1975. After Project 75 was completed Pournelle became manager of several advanced concept studies. At North American Rockwell’s Space Division, Pournelle was associate director of operations research, where he took part in the Apollo program and general operations. He was founding President of the Pepperdine Research Institute. In 1989, Pournelle, Max Hunter, and retired Army Lieutenant General Daniel O. Graham made a presentation to then Vice President Dan", "id": "16491387" }, { "contents": "United States Air Force Plant 42\n\n\nby McDonnell Douglas, St. Louis, Missouri, and transported by aircraft to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. They were also transported by aircraft from Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility to the Kennedy Space Center. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration had been paying the Air Force for use of Plant 42 facilities for the shuttle work. NASA decided in February 2002 to shift space shuttle overhaul and modification work from Palmdale to Florida. Current projects include design, engineering, pre-production, production, modification, flight testing, servicing and repair", "id": "9173070" }, { "contents": "William C. Schwartz\n\n\nspace vehicles and orbital calculations. He was a member of the founding group within NAA involved with the development of space vehicles and which developed the Apollo program. In the early 1960s, he moved to The Martin Company (later Martin Marietta and now Lockheed Martin), where he managed three departments, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Human Factors for the missile developer. It was during this period that he became involved in laser research and development. Shortly after the invention of the laser in 1960, Martin recognized its potential in", "id": "13650865" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthat could lead to an SSTO vehicle. The one-third-size test craft was operated and maintained by a small team of three people based out of a trailer, and the craft was once relaunched less than 24 hours after landing. Although the test program was not without mishap (including a minor explosion), the DC-X demonstrated that the maintenance aspects of the concept were sound. That project was cancelled when it landed with three of four legs deployed, tipped over, and exploded on the fourth flight after", "id": "10328911" }, { "contents": "Marti Sarigul-Klijn\n\n\nDr. Marti Sarigul-Klijn is an expert at rapidly designing, fabricating, and test flying proof-of-concept prototypes. He holds a Ph.D. in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and is a graduate of the United States Naval Test Pilot School and the United States Naval Academy. After completing twenty years in the Navy with the final rank of Commander, he has since worked on over 20 design proposals that include aircraft, UAV's, rocket propulsion, and space launch vehicles. Seven of these proposals continued to", "id": "11065599" }, { "contents": "Jerauld R. Gentry\n\n\nJerauld Richard \"Jerry\" Gentry (May 16, 1935 – March 3, 2003) was a United States Air Force (USAF) test pilot and Vietnam combat veteran. As chief USAF pilot of the Lifting Body Research Program, he helped validate the concept of flying a wingless vehicle back to Earth from space and landing it like an aircraft—an approach used by the Space Shuttle and to a greater degree by vehicles such as the Lockheed Martin X-33 and NASA X-38. Gentry completed thirty lifting body flights including the first flight", "id": "21488944" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nlifting body shape, composite multi-lobed liquid fuel tanks, and the aerospike engine, NASA and Lockheed Martin hoped to test fly a craft that would demonstrate the viability of a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) design. A spacecraft capable of reaching orbit in a single stage would not require external fuel tanks or boosters to reach low Earth orbit. Doing away with the need for \"staging\" with launch vehicles, such as with the Shuttle and the Apollo rockets, would lead to an inherently more reliable", "id": "9997271" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfor a proposed SSTO. It is one of only a few prototype SSTO vehicles ever built. Several other prototypes were intended, including the DC-X2 (a half-scale prototype) and the DC-Y, a full-scale vehicle which would be capable of single stage insertion into orbit. Neither of these were built, but the project was taken over by NASA in 1995, and they built the DC-XA, an upgraded one-third scale prototype. This vehicle was lost when it landed with only", "id": "10328890" }, { "contents": "Landing gear\n\n\ne.g., the Space Shuttle, or the USAF X-37), landing gear have been largely absent from orbital vehicles during the early decades since the advent of spaceflight technology, when orbital space transport has been the exclusive preserve of national-monopoly governmental space programs. Each spaceflight system to date has relied on expendable boosters to begin each ascent to orbital velocity. Recent advances in private space transport, where new competition to governmental space initiatives has emerged, have included the explicit design of landing gear into orbital booster rockets. SpaceX has initiated", "id": "10876701" }, { "contents": "Eric Boe\n\n\ninvolves work with displays and controls for future space vehicles. He made his first trip to space as pilot of during STS-126 on November 14, 2008. Boe flew his second space flight as pilot on STS-133, the final scheduled flight of the Space Shuttle \"Discovery\" and the third-to-last flight of the Space Shuttle program. In August 2012, Boe was named Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office. In July 2015, NASA announced Boe as one of the first astronauts for U.S. Commercial spaceflights. Subsequently, he", "id": "14264618" }, { "contents": "Melvin B. Zisfein\n\n\nMelvin B. Zisfein (1926-1995) was an aircraft designer and a Deputy Director of the U.S. National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC. Zisfein graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with degrees in aeronautical engineering (B.S. 1948; M.S. 1948) and worked as a designer, aerodynamicist, and manager for aircraft companies from then until 1966. He was associate director of the Franklin Institute Research Laboratories from 1966 to 1971. From 1971 to 1982 he served as the deputy director of the National Air and Space Museum,", "id": "1801139" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nselected from the Air Force's test pilot cadre. Additionally, the AFTC assisted with the testing of rocket engines and re-entry vehicles. Along with the X-15, pilots at Edwards were expanding the frontiers of atmospheric flight, testing the XB-70 Valkyrie high-altitude bomber, along with the YF-12 interceptor for Air Defense Command and the SR-71 Blackbird Strategic Reconnaissance aircraft for Strategic Air Command. With the decline of the military manned space mission after the NASA Lunar Landing Program ended, the Aerospace Research Pilot School was once again re-", "id": "14946574" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nDC-X were hired by Blue Origin, and their New Shepard vehicle was inspired by the DC-X design. Blue Origin does not require the high cross range capabilities, and therefore uses a base-first re-entry profile. Also, the DC-X provided inspiration for many elements of Armadillo Aerospace's, Masten Space Systems's, and TGV Rockets's spacecraft designs. Some NASA engineers believe that the DC-X could provide a solution for a crewed Mars lander. Had a DC-type craft been", "id": "15420693" }, { "contents": "Rockwell X-30\n\n\nThe Rockwell X-30 was an advanced technology demonstrator project for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP), part of a United States project to create a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spacecraft and passenger spaceliner. It was cancelled in the early 1990s before a prototype was completed, although much development work in advanced materials and aerospace design was completed. While a goal of a future NASP was a passenger liner capable of two-hour flights from Washington to Tokyo, the X-30 was planned for a crew of", "id": "16588465" }, { "contents": "SpaceDev\n\n\nSpaceDev, a part of the \"Space Systems Business\" of Sierra Nevada Corporation, is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work. It designed and built components for the hybrid rocket motors for Paul Allen's Tier One suborbital SpaceShipOne space program operated by Scaled Composites. It is also developing micro- and nano-satellites, a small expendable launch vehicle, the SpaceDev Streaker, and has designed a piloted suborbital and orbital spaceship of its own, the SpaceDev Dream Chaser, in collaboration with NASA. SpaceDev is based near San Diego in", "id": "16321029" }, { "contents": "Glenn L. Martin Company\n\n\nby the American space program as one of its first satellite booster rockets as part of Project Vanguard. The Vanguard was the first American space exploration rocket designed from scratch to be an orbital launch vehicle — rather than being a modified sounding rocket (like the Juno I) or a ballistic missile (like the U.S. Army's Redstone missile). Martin also designed and manufactured the huge and heavily armed Titan I and LGM-25C Titan II Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). Martin Company of Orlando, Florida, was the prime contractor for", "id": "10667744" }, { "contents": "Shuttlecraft (Star Trek)\n\n\nplanetary surface and space. Wernher Von Braun in the 1950s conceived of a reusable winged spacecraft as a ferry rocket. Plans for such vehicles were referred to as \"DC-3\" by spacecraft designer Maxime Faget and Integrated Launch and Reentry Vehicle (ILRV) by NASA. During the late 1960s, while \"\" was being broadcast, these concepts became known as Space Shuttle. In a speech given to the British Interplanetary Society in August 1968 George Mueller, head of the NASA Office of Manned Space Flight, mentioned the need for a", "id": "13203374" }, { "contents": "The Aerospace Corporation\n\n\n. Gen. Bernard A. Schriever announced the \"formation of a new nonprofit organization, The Aerospace Corporation, to serve the Air Force in the scientific and technical planning and management of missile-space programs.\" Among the earliest projects it supported were the Dyna-Soar orbital spaceplane, Project Mercury, and the man-rating of the Atlas (rocket) intercontinental ballistic missile. The Aerospace Corporation provided general systems engineering and technical direction for the Titan II missile, first tested in 1962, which became the launch vehicle for Project Gemini", "id": "15141218" }, { "contents": "Timothy Creamer\n\n\nPrior to his astronaut selection in 1998, he had been working as a space operations officer, with the Army Space Command, stationed in Houston, Texas. He is now the Army’s NASA Detachment commander. Creamer was assigned to NASA at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in July 1995 as a Space Shuttle vehicle integration test engineer. His duties primarily involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle. He was actively involved in the integrated tests of the systems for each Orbiter for its preparations for its", "id": "7264360" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nof the rocket, the Clipper Graham soared into the skies over the old White Sands Missile Range to a height of 3,120 meters (10,300 ft) and stayed in the air for over two minutes before landing. That flight was the highest and longest the vehicle had ever flown until then. Robert A. Heinlein dedicated his 1985 novel The Cat Who Walks Through Walls to Graham and eight of the other members of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy. Graham was chairman of the American Space Frontier Committee, the Coalition for", "id": "5770554" }, { "contents": "SpaceX\n\n\nhas one of the largest concentrations of aerospace headquarters, facilities, and/or subsidiaries in the U.S., including Boeing/McDonnell Douglas main satellite building campuses, Aerospace Corp., Raytheon, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Air Force Space Command's Space and Missile Systems Center at Los Angeles Air Force Base, Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems, Northrop Grumman, and AECOM, etc., with a large pool of aerospace engineers and recent college engineering graduates. SpaceX utilizes a high degree of vertical integration in the production of its rockets and rocket", "id": "10001424" }, { "contents": "William H. Gerstenmaier\n\n\n1980, Gerstenmaier moved to Houston, Texas, to work at the Johnson Space Center, researching propulsion related to the Space Shuttle, and was involved in the earliest phases of the International Space Station design. In 1984, he was a semi-finalist in the selection for NASA Astronaut Group 10. In 1988, he first served as manager of Space Shuttle Program Integration, and then went on to serve as head of the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle Operations Office. Following that, he became Director of Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom", "id": "13055214" }, { "contents": "Bruno Augenstein\n\n\nBruno Wilhelm Augenstein (March 16, 1923 – July 6, 2005) was a German-born mathematician and physicist who made important contributions in space technology, ballistic missile research, satellites, antimatter, and many other areas. Augenstein worked in the Aerophysics Laboratory at North American Aviation on diverse projects including weaponization of the V-2 rocket, a ramjet-powered vehicle that later became the Navajo missile. He entered RAND Corporation as a consultant and subcontractor in 1949. Initially at RAND he developed an interest in long range missiles. Augenstein", "id": "1664472" }, { "contents": "Robert R. Gilruth\n\n\nRobert Rowe Gilruth (October 8, 1913 – August 17, 2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. He worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics from 1937 to 1958 and its successor NASA, until his retirement in 1973. He was involved with early research into supersonic flight and rocket-powered aircraft, and then with the United States manned space program, including the Mercury, Gemini", "id": "19875506" } ]

[ { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nMaxwell White Hunter II (March 11, 1922 – November 10, 2001) was a prominent American aerospace engineer. He worked on the design of the Douglas B-42 and Douglas B-43 bombers, the Honest John, Nike-Ajax, and Nike-Zeus missiles, the Thor IRBM, and on parts of the Strategic Defense Initiative. In later years he worked on space-launch vehicles and was a proponent of Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) designs. He was honored in 1995 by the National Space Society", "id": "13829898" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvariety of projects including parts of the mammoth Strategic Defense Initiative. SDI gave him a chance at realizing a dream he had nurtured since the 1960s: the construction of a Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle. In 1984, Hunter proposed a vehicle he called the X-rocket, based on those earlier SSTO designs. The design was reviewed by LMSC's Astronautics Division (AD), which judged it worth pursuing, and by its Missile Systems Division (MSD), which did not. LMSC then", "id": "13829902" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\npayloads into Earth orbit today. After working for Douglas Aircraft from 1944 to 1961, Hunter joined the staff of the National Aeronautics and Space Council, a group that advised the U.S. president on space policy. Following several years in that position, he went back to the aerospace industry in 1965, spending over two decades with Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (LMSC). (LMSC was a division of Lockheed Corporation, which merged with Martin Marietta in 1995 to become Lockheed-Martin.) At LMSC, Hunter worked on a", "id": "13829901" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nspace systems. In this position he oversaw the production of military missiles including the Honest John artillery rocket, the Nike antiaircraft missile, and the Sparrow air-to-air missile. Douglas Aircraft began work on the Thor, an early Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM), in late 1955 and put Hunter in charge of that program. He assembled a small team of crack designers and brought the development to success in a short time. Thor became the basis of the McDonnell Douglas Delta rocket, whose descendants are still boosting", "id": "13829900" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nand High Frontier convinced SDI management and other national officials that a study should be initiated to determine once and for all the feasibility of SSTO vehicles for military missions. This led to a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) program to design a single-stage vehicle that could replace military satellites on short notice during a national emergency. This vehicle was known as the Delta Clipper. McDonnell Douglas Corporation was contracted to build and test fly a one-third-scale, suborbital testbed called the DC-X, or Delta Clipper", "id": "13829904" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvehicle tipped over at landing. Funding to make repairs and continue flight tests was not made available. Max Hunter continued to advise on space policy issues and advocate the building of SSTO vehicles for airline-like access to space, a goal he was sure could be attained. He chaired the Rules Committee for the Ansari X Prize, announced in 1996, a $10 million prize for the first reusable craft to reach space twice within two weeks without substantial refit. In October 2000, he agreed to serve as Chairman of the", "id": "13829906" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nExperimental. While not capable of spaceflight, the DC-X incorporated many of the technologies needed for an SSTO vehicle, including highly automated systems enabling a quick turnaround (just twenty-six hours) between launches. It made eight successful test flights between August 18, 1993, and July 7, 1995, and then was taken over by NASA and flown four times as the DC-XA between May 18 and July 31, 1996. It was damaged on its last flight when one landing strut failed to deploy and the", "id": "13829905" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nfor lifelong contributions to the technology of spaceflight. Maxwell Hunter was born in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania and graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in that state with a degree in physics and mathematics. In 1944, he earned a Master's Degree in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). After earning his MS from MIT, Hunter went to work for the Douglas Aircraft Company. He became their chief designer in aeronautics, working on modifications of the B-42 and B-43 bombers. Later he was promoted to chief engineer for", "id": "13829899" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\ndeclined to support further work on the X-rocket, and Hunter retired. As an independent consultant, he renamed the concept SSX (for Space Ship Experimental), and began to refine it. In December 1988 the ad hoc Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy was briefed on the concept by Hunter and others. The general concept was endorsed by the Council and by High Frontier, Inc., a Washington-based group headed by Lt. Gen. Daniel O. Graham that lobbied for SDI programs. Working together, Hunter", "id": "13829903" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nAdvisory Board for the Undersea Hotel Project of the Cala Corporation. He died at Stanford Hospital, Stanford, California on the evening of November 10, 2001 after a lingering illness. Max Hunter was Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Beta Pi, and a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), the American Astronautical Society (AAS), and the British Interplanetary Society (BIS). He was also a member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) and an honorary member of the Japanese Rocket Society", "id": "13829907" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nThe DC-X, short for Delta Clipper or Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed prototype of a reusable single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle built by McDonnell Douglas in conjunction with the United States Department of Defense's Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) from 1991 to 1993. Starting 1994 until 1995, testing continued through funding of the US civil space agency NASA. In 1996, the DC-X technology was completely transferred to NASA, which upgraded the design for improved performance to create the DC-XA", "id": "15420672" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nvehicles was prepared by Chrysler Corporation's Space Division in 1970–1971 under NASA contract NAS8-26341. Their proposal (Shuttle SERV) was an enormous vehicle with more than of payload, utilizing jet engines for (vertical) landing. While the technical problems seemed to be solvable, the USAF required a winged design that led to the Shuttle as we know it today. The uncrewed DC-X technology demonstrator, originally developed by McDonnell Douglas for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program office, was an attempt to build a vehicle", "id": "10328910" }, { "contents": "David Urie\n\n\nsystem before initiating and heading the Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) and X-33 Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Programs at Lockheed. Urie's work as the program manager for the previously classified Have Region project demonstrated that rocket-powered single-stage-to-orbit vehicles were technically feasible, which led to the Lockheed Martin SSTO design approach. As a Director of the Lockheed-Martin Skunk Works SSTO/RLV Advanced Technology Demonstration Program, Urie conceived and developed the aerospike rocket propelled lifting body that was selected by NASA as", "id": "20876395" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nearly stages of flight; and flight within Earth's atmosphere, which limits speed in the early stages of flight and influences engine performance. Additionally, the retirement of NASA's Shuttle launch vehicle has resulted in a substantial reduction in the cost to launch a kilogram of payload to either low Earth orbit or the International Space Station, removing the main projected advantage of the SSTO concept. Notable single stage to orbit concepts include Skylon, the DC-X, the Lockheed Martin X-33, and the Roton SSTO. However, despite showing", "id": "10328885" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nThe Lockheed Martin X-33 was an uncrewed, sub-scale technology demonstrator suborbital spaceplane developed in the 1990s under the U.S. government-funded Space Launch Initiative program. The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for the VentureStar orbital spaceplane, which was planned to be a next-generation, commercially operated reusable launch vehicle. The X-33 would flight-test a range of technologies that NASA believed it needed for single-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicles (SSTO RLVs), such as metallic thermal protection systems, composite cryogenic fuel tanks", "id": "9997267" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n. During the 1960s some of the first concept designs for this kind of craft began to emerge. One of the earliest SSTO concepts was the expendable One stage Orbital Space Truck (OOST) proposed by Philip Bono, an engineer for Douglas Aircraft Company. A reusable version named ROOST was also proposed. Another early SSTO concept was a reusable launch vehicle named NEXUS which was proposed by Krafft Arnold Ehricke in the early 1960s. It was one of the largest spacecraft ever conceptualized with a diameter of over 50 metres and the capability to", "id": "10328887" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n. According to writer Jerry Pournelle: \"DC-X was conceived in my living room and sold to National Space Council Chairman Dan Quayle by General Graham, Max Hunter and me.\" According to Max Hunter, however, he had tried hard to convince Lockheed Martin of the concept's value for several years before he retired. Hunter had written a paper in 1985 entitled \"The Opportunity\", detailing the concept of a Single-Stage-To-Orbit spacecraft built with low-cost \"off-the-shelf", "id": "15420673" }, { "contents": "Rob Meyerson\n\n\nInitiative contract with NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. Meyerson launched his career as an aerospace engineer at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) from 1985 to 1997 working on human spaceflight systems, including the aerodynamic design of the Space Shuttle orbiter drag parachute, as well as the overall design, integration, and flight test of a gliding parachute for the X-38 Crew Rescue Vehicle, a crew return vehicle designed to return astronauts to earth from the International Space Station. Meyerson began with NASA in 1985 as a cooperative education student at JSC", "id": "8603673" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nfor the X-33 was selected over competing concepts from Boeing and McDonnell Douglas. Boeing proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design, and McDonnell Douglas proposed a design based on its vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL) DC-XA test vehicle. The uncrewed X-33 was slated to fly 15 suborbital hops to near 75.8 km altitude. It was to be launched upright like a rocket and rather than having a straight flight path it would fly diagonally up for half the flight, reaching extremely high altitudes, and then for the rest of the", "id": "9997274" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nThe methodologies were later adopted as a standard by the Air Transport Association. He later joined the Thor missile project as the chief design engineer, and this introduced him to the world of space launchers. With new upper stages, Thor became the Delta, one of the most-used launchers in the 1960s. In spite of Thor's success, Hunter was dissatisfied with the state of the launcher market and later wrote that \"by the end of 1963 the state of recoverable rockets was terrible.\" He was convinced that as", "id": "7750830" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nit the DC-X for Delta Clipper Experimental. The name honored the firm's successful Thor/Delta rocket and recalled the famous 19th-century commercial clipper ships. The McDonnell Douglas SSTO team saw the Delta Clipper as opening the \"space trade routes in the same way that the Yankee Clipper ships opened the sea trade routes.\" The needs of the commercial launch industry thus were integral to the thinking of the McDonnell Douglas DC-X team. General Graham envisioned the DC-X as the perfect inexpensive launch and delivery", "id": "5770549" }, { "contents": "George Huebner\n\n\nproduce intercontinental ballistic missiles. Huebner was named executive engineer in charge of Chrysler's Missile Branch. At the time he was serving as executive engineer of research for Chrysler in their automotive division. He developed a complete research and development missile facility that included engineering, testing, and production of the Redstone rocket. These rockets ultimately launched into orbit the first U.S. satellites and the first manned space flights. Huebner worked closely with Wernher von Braun on the space program. For two years he worked on this rocket project and then went back", "id": "15004097" }, { "contents": "Reusable launch system\n\n\nthe McDonnell Douglas Delta Clipper VTOL SSTO proposal progressed to the testing phase. The DC-X prototype demonstrated rapid turnaround time and automatic computer control. In mid-1990, British research evolved an earlier HOTOL design into the far more promising Skylon design, which remains in development. From the commercial side, Rocketplane Kistler and Rotary Rocket attempted to build reusable privately developed rockets before going bankrupt. NASA proposed risky reusable concepts to replace the Shuttle technology, to be demonstrated under the X-33 and X-34 programs, which were both cancelled in the early", "id": "19421229" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\na number of SSTO advocates to reconsider hydrogen as a satisfactory fuel. The late Max Hunter, while employing hydrogen fuel in the DC-X, often said that he thought the first successful orbital SSTO would more likely be fueled by propane. Some SSTO concepts use the same engine for all altitudes, which is a problem for traditional engines with a bell-shaped nozzle. Depending on the atmospheric pressure, different bell shapes are optimal. Engines operating in the lower atmosphere have shorter bells than those designed to work in vacuum.", "id": "10328899" }, { "contents": "George Mueller (NASA)\n\n\ndesigns ranged from 'simple' concepts like Martin Marietta's six person reusable craft similar to the Dyna-Soar (launched by a Titan III-M), to partially reusable concepts like Lockheed's Star Clipper or Tip Tank from McDonnell Douglas, to fully reusable two-stage vehicles like the one proposed by General Dynamics. Following this symposium Mueller continued to champion a \"space shuttle\". He did not invent the term, but he made it his own. He was also a keen proponent of space stations and was", "id": "16249187" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nIn October 2000, Beal Aerospace ceased operations citing a decision by NASA and the Department of Defense to commit themselves to the development of the competing government-financed EELV program. In 1998 Rotary Rocket proposed the Roton, a Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) piloted Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) space transport. A full scale Roton Atmospheric Test Vehicle flew three times in 1999. After spending tens of millions of dollars in development the Roton failed to secure launch contracts and Rotary Rocket ceased operations in 2001. On", "id": "288621" }, { "contents": "List of human spaceflight programs\n\n\ncommissioned by the Russian Aerospace Agency since 1993. The Kankoh-maru (観光丸? Kankōmaru) is the name of a proposed vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL), single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), reusable launch system (rocket-powered spacecraft). The Ansari X Prize was a space competition in which the X Prize Foundation offered a US$10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable crewed spacecraft into space twice within two weeks. Twenty-six teams from around the world", "id": "19978394" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nby 2016, and some space ventures have had to turn away investor funding. After earlier first effort of OTRAG, in the 1990s the projection of a significant demand for communications satellite launches attracted the development of a number of commercial space launch providers. The launch demand largely vanished when some of the largest satellite constellations, such as 288 satellite Teledesic network, were never built. In 1996 NASA selected Lockheed Martin Skunk Works to build the X-33 VentureStar prototype for a single stage to orbit (SSTO) reusable launch vehicle. In 1999", "id": "288619" }, { "contents": "James Smith McDonnell\n\n\nMcDonnell Aircraft Corporation in 1939. Headquartered in St. Louis, the company quickly grew into a principal supplier of fighter aircraft to the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy, including the F-4 Phantom II fighter and the Mercury and Gemini space capsules. In 1967, McDonnell Aircraft merged with the Douglas Aircraft Company to create McDonnell Douglas. Later that year Douglas Aircraft Company's space and missiles division became part of a new subsidiary called McDonnell Douglas Astronautics, located in Huntington Beach, California, producing the Delta series of launch vehicles. The new", "id": "21028393" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\ndeath, the first launch vehicle based on his designs, the McDonnell Douglas DC-X (Delta Clipper) began a largely successful series of test flights. The DC-X was a vertical-takeoff and vertical landing vehicle. The series of test flights began on 18 August 1993 and continued until the upgraded version of the launch vehicle (renamed the DC-XA) tipped over on landing on July 31, 1996. Among Bono's visionary designs was a 1960 Boeing design for a manned Mars spacecraft capable of carrying a", "id": "3522773" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\neight Block II satellites for flights on the new Delta II expendable Medium Launch Vehicle in lieu of the Space Shuttle. Space Division awarded the Medium Launch Vehicle (MLV) contract to McDonnell-Douglas Astronautics Company on 21 January 1987. However, unlike earlier commercial arrangements, the company would no longer be under contract to NASA. Under the new Commercial Expendable Launch Vehicle program encouraged by president Ronald Reagan since 1983, McDonnell-Douglas would be responsible for producing, marketing and launching its commercial Delta IIs. The Air Force would be", "id": "19923501" }, { "contents": "Mel Hunter\n\n\nfor the years 1960-1962. As Hunter's science fiction career blossomed, so did his technical and scientific illustrations. Hunter's love of air and space took him from California's desert runways to Florida's seacoast launchpads to illustrate every variety of jet-age aircraft and space-age rocket imaginable—from X-15 to Saturn V. One of Hunter's best-known books is \"The Missilemen\", a photo illustrated work published in 1960 by Doubleday. Hunter visited U.S. rocket and missile sites during the late 1950s; he", "id": "20560131" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\na single-stage-to-orbit vehicle. Five companies expressed interest and proposed concepts. Three (LM, Rockwell and McDonnell Douglas) were selected for workup into more detailed proposals. Rockwell proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design. It would have used one Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) and two RL-10-5A engines. In a subsequent full-scale system to reach orbit Rockwell planned to use six Rocketdyne RS-2100 engines. McDonnell Douglas featured a design using liquid oxygen/hydrogen bell engines based on its vertical takeoff", "id": "9997282" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\nresearch ways to make more efficient use of the wing surface during high-speed maneuvers. The Directorate is also a collaborator with DARPA, the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Sandia National Laboratories and AFRL's Space Vehicles Directorate on the FALCON program, which includes the HTV-3X Blackswift hypersonic flight demonstration vehicle. The Air Vehicles Directorate also collaborated with NASA and Boeing on the initial work for the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle and the 80% scaled version, X-40A Space Maneuver Vehicle, prior to the classification of the program and", "id": "1842734" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nparts for re-use. After landing the vehicle would be refit, mated with another tank, and be ready for another mission. Hunter moved to Lockheed in the fall of 1965. On his first day he was asked if there was anything Lockheed should be looking at, and he immediately suggested development of his stage-and-a-half design. His suggestions caught the ear of Eugene Root, president of Lockheed Missiles and Space, who gave him the go-ahead to study what became known as the Star", "id": "7750834" }, { "contents": "PGM-17 Thor\n\n\ndeployment as a missile a few years after deployment, the Thor rocket found widespread use as a space launch vehicle. It was the first in a large family of space launch vehicles—the Delta rockets. The last remaining descendant of the Thor, the Delta II, was retired in 2018, and the Delta IV is based on entirely new technology, unlike the Delta II. see Project Emily Stations and Squadrons Family: Thor IRBM, Thor DM-18 (single stage LV); Thor DM-19 (rocket 1st stage), Thor", "id": "15220989" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthree of its four landing pads deployed, which caused it to tip over on its side and explode. The project has not been continued since. From 1999 to 2001 Rotary Rocket attempted to build a SSTO vehicle called the Roton. It received a large amount of media attention and a working sub-scale prototype was completed, but the design was largely impractical. There have been various approaches to SSTO, including pure rockets that are launched and land vertically, air-breathing scramjet-powered vehicles that are launched and land horizontally", "id": "10328891" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\n. The facilities for testing rockets are frequently used for testing new rocket engines including the RS-68 rocket engine developed for use on the Delta IV launch vehicle. The space propulsion area also develops technologies for use in satellites on-orbit to alter their orbits. An AFRL-developed experimental Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) arcjet was flown on the ARGOS satellite in 1999 as part of the Air Force Space Test Program. The Directorate currently manages the X-51A program, which is developing a scramjet demonstration vehicle. The X-51 program is working", "id": "1842749" }, { "contents": "Laurel van der Wal\n\n\nhonors. Her graduate education was funded in part by a National Research Council fellowship to study aeronautics in Stockholm, Sweden. As a young engineer van der Wal worked at Douglas Aircraft as a data analyst on the Nike missile program, and later designing missile systems for the Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation. Starting in 1958, she was the project engineer on three MIA (Mouse-in-Able) launches from Cape Canaveral, as head of bioastronautics at Space Technology Laboratories. She was named the \"Los Angeles Times\"'s \"", "id": "12236594" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nThe National Launch System (or New Launch System) was a study authorized in 1991 by President George H. W. Bush to outline alternatives to the Space Shuttle for access to Earth orbit. Shortly thereafter, NASA asked Lockheed Missiles and Space, McDonnell Douglas, and TRW to perform a ten-month study. A series of launch vehicles was proposed, based around the proposed Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) liquid-fuel rocket engine. The STME was to be a simplified, expendable version of the Space Shuttle main engine (", "id": "11086741" }, { "contents": "Michael R. Clifford\n\n\nfrom the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and was designated an experimental test pilot. In December 1995, Clifford retired from the army. As a military officer, Clifford was assigned to the Johnson Space Center in July 1987. As a Space Shuttle Vehicle Integration engineer, his duties involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle Program. He was involved in design certification and integration of the Shuttle Crew Escape System, and was an executive board member of the Solid Rocket Booster Postflight Assessment Team. Selected as an astronaut", "id": "18151051" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n. In the Shuttle development effort he led a team working on vehicle aerodynamics and the main engines, which included developing full-scale component tests and scaling methodologies, and applying computational fluid dynamics to overcome a wide range of aerothermochemistry problems. He was Chief of the Aerophysics Division at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center until 1992, when he became Chief Aerodynamicist at the NASA Center. He was awarded the AIAA Aerodynamics Award in 1997 for his exceptional lifetime contributions to the aerodynamic design and analysis of strategic missiles and manned/unmanned launch", "id": "21371187" }, { "contents": "Robert A. Heinlein\n\n\noften in his fiction, as do fictitious strikable self-lighting cigarettes. In 1980 Robert Heinlein was a member of the Citizens Advisory Council on National Space Policy, chaired by Jerry Pournelle, which met at the home of SF writer Larry Niven to write space policy papers for the incoming Reagan Administration. Members included such aerospace industry leaders as former astronaut Buzz Aldrin, General Daniel O. Graham, aerospace engineer Max Hunter and North American Rockwell VP for Space Shuttle development George Merrick. Policy recommendations from the Council included ballistic missile defense concepts", "id": "5599733" }, { "contents": "Wernher von Braun\n\n\nUnited States, along with about 1,600 other German scientists, engineers, and technicians, as part of Operation Paperclip. He worked for the United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) program, and he developed the rockets that launched the United States' first space satellite Explorer 1. His group was assimilated into NASA, where he served as director of the newly formed Marshall Space Flight Center and as the chief architect of the Saturn V super heavy-lift launch vehicle that propelled the Apollo spacecraft to the", "id": "15033628" }, { "contents": "Jarvis (rocket)\n\n\nJarvis was a proposed American medium-lift launch vehicle for space launch, designed by Hughes Aircraft and Boeing during the mid-1980s as part of the joint United States Air Force (USAF)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Launch System (ALS) study. Intended to utilize engines and tooling in storage from the Saturn V rocket program along with Space Shuttle components, and projected to be capable of carrying up to six satellites into multiple orbits using a single launch (e.g. GPS constellation), the proposal failed to meet the ALS", "id": "15822979" }, { "contents": "Robert F. Overmyer\n\n\nMarch 1988, he joined the Space Station Team at McDonnell Douglas Aerospace, where he led crew and operations activities for seven years. He retired from McDonnell Douglas in April 1995 and expanded the scope of Mach Twenty Five International, continuing his aerospace consultation work as well as speaking engagements and writing. Overmyer continued his career as a general aviation test pilot. Having former experience with aeronautical testing at both U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School and NASA, he joined Minnesota-based aircraft manufacturer Cirrus Design (now called Cirrus Aircraft) as", "id": "19963429" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n, nuclear-powered vehicles, and even jet-engine-powered vehicles that can fly into orbit and return landing like an airliner, completely intact. For rocket-powered SSTO, the main challenge is achieving a high enough mass-ratio to carry sufficient propellant to achieve orbit, plus a meaningful payload weight. One possibility is to give the rocket an initial speed with a space gun, as planned in the Quicklaunch project. For air-breathing SSTO, the main challenge is system complexity and associated research and development costs", "id": "10328892" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfuel for increasing efficiency once in space. Further examples of Bono's early concepts (prior to the 1990s) which were never constructed include: Around 1985 the NASP project was intended to launch a scramjet vehicle into orbit, but funding was stopped and the project cancelled. At around the same time, the HOTOL tried to use precooled jet engine technology, but failed to show significant advantages over rocket technology. The DC-X, short for Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed one-third scale vertical takeoff and landing demonstrator", "id": "10328889" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nShuttle design. The detailed study of the cost advantages of the drop tank design demonstrated a dramatic reduction in development risk, and as a result, development costs. When funding for STS development was cut, the drop tank was taken up as a way to meet the developmental budgets, leading to the semi-reusable Space Shuttle design. Maxwell Hunter was working at Douglas Aircraft where he formalized the calculation of aircraft operation economics. His methodologies were first published in 1940, and were later applied to the Douglas DC-6 and DC-7.", "id": "7750829" }, { "contents": "Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle\n\n\nThe Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle, designed for NASA's Project Mercury, was the first American crewed space booster. It was used for six sub-orbital Mercury flights from 1960–61; culminating with the launch of the first, and 11 weeks later, the second American (and the second and third humans) in space. The four subsequent Mercury human spaceflights used the more powerful Atlas booster to enter low Earth orbit. A member of the Redstone rocket family, it was derived from the U.S. Army's Redstone ballistic missile and", "id": "11828011" }, { "contents": "British Aerospace HOTOL\n\n\nspace launch system. In 1982, British Aerospace (BAe), which was Europe's principal satellite-builder, began studying a prospective new launch system with the aim of providing launch costs that were 20 per cent of the American Space Shuttle operated by NASA. BAe became aware of work by British engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce on a suitable engine, and soon conceived of an unmanned, fully reuseable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) winged spaceplane as a launch vehicle. Thus, the project had soon became", "id": "14493503" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\nrole in the civilian NASA Project Mercury, Project Gemini and Project Apollo manned space programs along with military Space Shuttle flights. The mission of the unit today is performed by the 45th Space Wing (no direct lineage). Activated in December 1950, replacing 550th Guided Missiles Wing. the 6555th had a distinguished career launching and/or managing ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and payloads for the Ballistic Systems Division, the Space Systems Division and the Space & Missile Systems Organization. As a Wing or a Group, the 6555th earned ten Air", "id": "19923442" }, { "contents": "William H. Dana\n\n\ncontributions to the lifting body program, Dana received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal. In 1976 he received the Haley Space Flight Award from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) for his research work on the M2-F3 lifting body control systems. A member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Dana is the author of several technical papers. In 1993, he was inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Honor. During the X-15 program, eight pilots flew above 264,000 feet or 50 miles, thereby qualifying as astronauts according to", "id": "8766846" }, { "contents": "USAF Hunter-Killer\n\n\nHunter-Killer is an unofficial project name based upon an \"Aviation Week & Space Technology\" article. The U.S. Air Force's Hunter-Killer program was a tactical unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV) procurement program. The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, a variant of the MQ-1 Predator won the project and was deployed in Afghanistan. This is the U.S. Air Force program for which several companies have developed vehicles. Although the J-UCAS concept is a long way from the early idea of a \"reusable cruise missile\",", "id": "18825446" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nlong as launchers were thrown away, access to space would never be affordable. Several companies had already completed early feasibility studies of fully reusable spacecraft, like the Martin Marietta Astrorocket and Douglas Astro. The designs used two flyback stages, one of which flew back to the launch point, while the other flew into orbit and landed after its mission. Hunter thought that any such design was tantamount to making two aircraft to do the job of one, and it was only the upper stage that was of any real use. By", "id": "7750831" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\ndirector of the CIA under Director William Colby and from 1974–1976 he was the director of the DIA. Ronald Reagan called upon General Graham to be his military advisor for his 1976 and 1980 campaigns. General Graham is a member of the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame. In later years, Graham devoted a lot of time to the research and development of Single-Stage To Orbit (SSTO) spacecraft in conjunction with NASA. McDonnell Douglas was awarded a contract to build an SSTO test vehicle on August 16, 1991, and named", "id": "5770548" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nBased on its experience working with Minuteman assets, Space Vector was tasked by Lockheed in 1980 to help develop the Homing Overlay Experiment (HOE) booster for the U.S. Army which would go on to become the first successful hit-to-kill intercept of a mock ballistic missile warhead outside the Earth’s atmosphere. This technology was later used by the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and expanded into the Exoatmospheric Reentry-vehicle Interception System (ERIS) program. In 1982 Space Vector was tapped by Space Services Inc. of America (", "id": "7487030" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nPhilip Bono (13 January 1921 – 23 May 1993) was a Douglas Aircraft Company engineer. He was a pioneer of reusable vertical landing single-stage to orbit launch vehicles. As a visionary designer, he is credited with inventing the first version of a recoverable single-stage spacecraft booster, and his contributions influenced spacecraft design. Bono pursued single-stage space launch as simpler and cheaper. He realized to do this he would need to use high specific impulse liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engines. Afterwards he proposed to", "id": "3522770" }, { "contents": "Vance D. Coffman\n\n\nin Aerospace Engineering of Iowa State University (ISU). Coffman had three brothers, all of which studied at ISU within the engineering and science departments. Coffman has Master's and Doctorate graduate in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University. In 1967, Coffman joined Lockheed Martin Corporation's Space Systems Division, working on the development of space programs and data processing systems for the corporation. By 1988 he was president of the Space Systems Division. He directed the Hubble Space Telescope project for Lockheed. By 1998 he was the chairman and", "id": "11284872" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n\" commercial parts and currently-available technology, but Lockheed Martin was not interested enough to fund such a program themselves. On February 15, 1989, Pournelle, Graham and Hunter were able to procure a meeting with Vice-President Dan Quayle. They \"sold\" the idea to SDIO by noting that any space-based weapons system would need to be serviced by a spacecraft that was far more reliable than the Space Shuttle, and offer lower launch costs and have much better turnaround times. Given the uncertainties of the design", "id": "15420674" }, { "contents": "Abdul Majid (physicist)\n\n\nand joined Pakistan's Space Program as a researcher in astrophysics and aeronautical labs. Majid worked under the supervision of noted Pakistani-Polish military scientist and aeronautical engineer, Air Commodore W. J. M. Turowicz, in the field of Rocket Technology and published numerous research papers. He is credited for the design and developed the Hypersonic Rocket Launch Vehicle or Hatf Missiles Series during his stay at SUPARCO. In 1983, Dr Majid was put in-charge of Satellite Development Program of Pakistan. He is widely credited for the indigenous development and launching", "id": "14780917" }, { "contents": "Martin Knutson\n\n\n's aging fleet of F-104 support aircraft with F/A-18 Hornets. He also provided leadership for numerous flight research projects including the X-29 forward-swept-wing technology demonstrator; the Controlled Impact Demonstration, the F-15 Digital Electronic Engine Control project that integrated propulsion and flight controls, the Pegasus air-launched rocket for placing small payloads into low-Earth orbit; the CV-990 Landing Systems Research aircraft that tested improved braking systems for the space shuttle; and the F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle. After the Air Force announced the impending retirement", "id": "2519508" }, { "contents": "Pioneer Rocketplane\n\n\nMissile Range Officers’ Club on May 12, 1993. The original concept was developed by then Air Force Captain Mitchell Burnside Clapp, who envisioned an aerial refueled, rocket-powered single-stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicle using jet fuel and hydrogen peroxide. This concept seemed a natural match for the Air Force's TransAtmospheric Vehicle (TAV) mission and studies began at the USAF Phillips Laboratory. Aerospace engineering legend Burt Rutan and noted aircraft designer Dan Raymer contributed input to the development of the design. During the winter of", "id": "17524030" }, { "contents": "Thor (rocket family)\n\n\nThor was a US space launch vehicle derived from the PGM-17 Thor intermediate-range ballistic missile. The Thor rocket was the first member of the Delta rocket family of space launch vehicles. The last launch of a direct derivative of the Thor missile occurred in 2018 as the first stage of the final Delta II. Thor was first used as a launch vehicle during the testing program of the warhead reentry vehicle for the Atlas missile. For these three tests a Thor core stage was topped by the Able second stage. Able used the", "id": "21158637" }, { "contents": "Boeing X-37\n\n\nThe Boeing X-37, also known as the Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), is a reusable robotic spacecraft. It is boosted into space by a launch vehicle, then re-enters Earth's atmosphere and lands as a spaceplane. The X-37 is operated by the United States Air Force for orbital spaceflight missions intended to demonstrate reusable space technologies. It is a 120%-scaled derivative of the earlier Boeing X-40. The X-37 began as a NASA project in 1999, before being transferred to the U.S. Department of Defense in 2004. Its first", "id": "12510871" }, { "contents": "LGM-25C Titan II\n\n\nThe Titan II was an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and space launcher developed by the Glenn L. Martin Company from the earlier Titan I missile. Titan II was originally designed and used as an ICBM, but was later adapted as a medium-lift space launch vehicle to carry payloads to Earth orbit for the United States Air Force (USAF), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Those payloads included the USAF Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), NOAA weather", "id": "10861471" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\non the X-33 experience shared with NASA, Lockheed Martin hoped to make the business case for a full-scale SSTO RLV, called VentureStar, that would be developed and operated through commercial means. The intention was that rather than operate space transport systems as it has with the Space Shuttle, NASA would instead look to private industry to operate the reusable launch vehicle and NASA would purchase launch services from the commercial launch provider. Thus, the X-33 was not only about honing space flight technologies, but also about successfully demonstrating the technology", "id": "9997276" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nmake these vehicles reusable. From his ROOST design onwards Bono advocated space launch vehicles without wings, usually using rocket assisted vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL). According to his estimates, wings consisted mostly of dead weight that decreased launch payload mass. He patented a reusable plug nozzle rocket engine which had dual use as a heat shield for atmospheric reentry. His early 1960s concepts influenced later designs like the 1990s Delta Clipper, also from Douglas. Philip Bono was born in Brooklyn, New York on 13 January 1921. He graduated", "id": "3522771" }, { "contents": "Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment\n\n\nof new space services and other activities that would improve U.S. economic competitiveness. The program implemented the National Space Transportation Policy, which is designed to accelerate the development of new launch technologies and concepts to contribute to the continuing commercialization of the national space launch industry. Both the X-33 and the smaller X-34 technology testbed demonstrator were under the Space Transportation Program Offices at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. The air-launched, winged X-34 also was to demonstrate technologies applicable to future-generation reusable launch vehicles designed to dramatically", "id": "20761669" }, { "contents": "Adolf Thiel\n\n\nfor the Thor ballistic missile, which became a first-stage launch for the Explorer spacecraft. He was director of space projects for TRW when it developed Explorer VI and Pioneer V, two of the earliest US craft to explore interplanetary space. He oversaw all of TRW's space programs during the 1970s. After his retirement in 1980 as a senior vice president, Thiel served as an executive consultant to TRW and on NASA planning groups. He was named a fellow of the American Astronautical Society in 1968. He married Frances Thiel", "id": "11277096" }, { "contents": "BAC Mustard\n\n\nin other space programmes, such as the American Space Shuttle. Mustard was a modular re-usable space launch system, comprising multiple copies of a single vehicle design, each of which was configured for a different role as a booster stage or an orbital spaceplane. The core vehicle design resembled the basic layout of the Douglas Astro, both being delta-winged reusable vehicles, as would the later American Space Shuttle. Furthermore, all three functioned as vertically-launched rockets and used integral wings so that they could land horizontally,", "id": "11296482" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nSSIA) to fabricate and launch the Conestoga I off Matagorda Island, Texas which became the first privately funded rocket to reach space. In 1992 Space Vector teamed with Coleman Research Corporation (now a division of L-3 Communications) and Aerotherm to provide the Army Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC) with 25 Hera target vehicles to support testing of THAAD and Patriot PAC-3 anti-ballistic missile systems. Space Vector went on to earn the distinction in 1997 as the first company to air launch a minuteman based target vehicle. The single", "id": "7487031" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n-range ballistic missile and the large Saturn I booster rocket. Following the Russian Sputnik launch, in July 1960 he moved with other von Braun rocket scientists from the Army Ballistic Missile Agency to the newly founded NASA. There, as part of the Apollo moon-landing program, he made major contributions working on the Saturn V booster rocket, on aerothermodynamics, and on liquid hydrogen propellant systems. He subsequently was involved in numerous projects contributing to the nation's manned and unmanned space flight programs, especially Skylab and the Space Shuttle", "id": "21371186" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nthe NLS-1 core stage. The NLS program did not venture beyond the planning stages and did not survive the Presidency of Bill Clinton, which started in January 1993. In 1992, Daniel Goldin was selected to replace Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly as NASA administrator. Goldin championed the motto, \"faster, better, cheaper,\" which may not have fit the ambitious NLS vision. A NASA history from 1998 says that reusable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) rockets and space planes such as the McDonnell Douglas DC", "id": "11086743" }, { "contents": "Gary Hudson (engineer)\n\n\nGary Hudson has been involved in private spaceflight development for over 40 years. Hudson is best known as the founder of Rotary Rocket Company, which in spending ~$30 Million attempted to build a unique single stage to orbit launch vehicle known as the Roton. Rotary Rocket built a landing test simulator (the Roton ATV) which flew three successful test flights in 1999. He also helped found Transformational Space T/Space in 2004. He also helped found AirLaunch LLC which was awarded the DARPA/USAF FALCON project in 2003. Previous projects", "id": "10746924" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nof Space Shuttle Columbia touched down on Rogers Dry Lakebed, with Astronauts John Young and Robert Crippin successfully landing the first orbiting space vehicle ever to leave the Earth under rocket power and return to Earth aerodynamically for re-use. The \"Flying Wing\" returned to Edwards in the late 1980s when the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber began testing, and at a remote site, the F-117A Nighthawk stealth fighter. Air-Launched Cruise Missile, and LANTIRN systems were also tested during the 1980s. The 1990s saw the arrival of the Lockheed", "id": "14946576" }, { "contents": "Jerry Pournelle\n\n\nof making recommendation to the US Air Force on investment in technologies required to build the missile force to be deployed in 1975. After Project 75 was completed Pournelle became manager of several advanced concept studies. At North American Rockwell’s Space Division, Pournelle was associate director of operations research, where he took part in the Apollo program and general operations. He was founding President of the Pepperdine Research Institute. In 1989, Pournelle, Max Hunter, and retired Army Lieutenant General Daniel O. Graham made a presentation to then Vice President Dan", "id": "16491387" }, { "contents": "United States Air Force Plant 42\n\n\nby McDonnell Douglas, St. Louis, Missouri, and transported by aircraft to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. They were also transported by aircraft from Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility to the Kennedy Space Center. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration had been paying the Air Force for use of Plant 42 facilities for the shuttle work. NASA decided in February 2002 to shift space shuttle overhaul and modification work from Palmdale to Florida. Current projects include design, engineering, pre-production, production, modification, flight testing, servicing and repair", "id": "9173070" }, { "contents": "William C. Schwartz\n\n\nspace vehicles and orbital calculations. He was a member of the founding group within NAA involved with the development of space vehicles and which developed the Apollo program. In the early 1960s, he moved to The Martin Company (later Martin Marietta and now Lockheed Martin), where he managed three departments, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Human Factors for the missile developer. It was during this period that he became involved in laser research and development. Shortly after the invention of the laser in 1960, Martin recognized its potential in", "id": "13650865" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthat could lead to an SSTO vehicle. The one-third-size test craft was operated and maintained by a small team of three people based out of a trailer, and the craft was once relaunched less than 24 hours after landing. Although the test program was not without mishap (including a minor explosion), the DC-X demonstrated that the maintenance aspects of the concept were sound. That project was cancelled when it landed with three of four legs deployed, tipped over, and exploded on the fourth flight after", "id": "10328911" }, { "contents": "Marti Sarigul-Klijn\n\n\nDr. Marti Sarigul-Klijn is an expert at rapidly designing, fabricating, and test flying proof-of-concept prototypes. He holds a Ph.D. in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and is a graduate of the United States Naval Test Pilot School and the United States Naval Academy. After completing twenty years in the Navy with the final rank of Commander, he has since worked on over 20 design proposals that include aircraft, UAV's, rocket propulsion, and space launch vehicles. Seven of these proposals continued to", "id": "11065599" }, { "contents": "Jerauld R. Gentry\n\n\nJerauld Richard \"Jerry\" Gentry (May 16, 1935 – March 3, 2003) was a United States Air Force (USAF) test pilot and Vietnam combat veteran. As chief USAF pilot of the Lifting Body Research Program, he helped validate the concept of flying a wingless vehicle back to Earth from space and landing it like an aircraft—an approach used by the Space Shuttle and to a greater degree by vehicles such as the Lockheed Martin X-33 and NASA X-38. Gentry completed thirty lifting body flights including the first flight", "id": "21488944" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nlifting body shape, composite multi-lobed liquid fuel tanks, and the aerospike engine, NASA and Lockheed Martin hoped to test fly a craft that would demonstrate the viability of a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) design. A spacecraft capable of reaching orbit in a single stage would not require external fuel tanks or boosters to reach low Earth orbit. Doing away with the need for \"staging\" with launch vehicles, such as with the Shuttle and the Apollo rockets, would lead to an inherently more reliable", "id": "9997271" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfor a proposed SSTO. It is one of only a few prototype SSTO vehicles ever built. Several other prototypes were intended, including the DC-X2 (a half-scale prototype) and the DC-Y, a full-scale vehicle which would be capable of single stage insertion into orbit. Neither of these were built, but the project was taken over by NASA in 1995, and they built the DC-XA, an upgraded one-third scale prototype. This vehicle was lost when it landed with only", "id": "10328890" }, { "contents": "Landing gear\n\n\ne.g., the Space Shuttle, or the USAF X-37), landing gear have been largely absent from orbital vehicles during the early decades since the advent of spaceflight technology, when orbital space transport has been the exclusive preserve of national-monopoly governmental space programs. Each spaceflight system to date has relied on expendable boosters to begin each ascent to orbital velocity. Recent advances in private space transport, where new competition to governmental space initiatives has emerged, have included the explicit design of landing gear into orbital booster rockets. SpaceX has initiated", "id": "10876701" }, { "contents": "Eric Boe\n\n\ninvolves work with displays and controls for future space vehicles. He made his first trip to space as pilot of during STS-126 on November 14, 2008. Boe flew his second space flight as pilot on STS-133, the final scheduled flight of the Space Shuttle \"Discovery\" and the third-to-last flight of the Space Shuttle program. In August 2012, Boe was named Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office. In July 2015, NASA announced Boe as one of the first astronauts for U.S. Commercial spaceflights. Subsequently, he", "id": "14264618" }, { "contents": "Melvin B. Zisfein\n\n\nMelvin B. Zisfein (1926-1995) was an aircraft designer and a Deputy Director of the U.S. National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC. Zisfein graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with degrees in aeronautical engineering (B.S. 1948; M.S. 1948) and worked as a designer, aerodynamicist, and manager for aircraft companies from then until 1966. He was associate director of the Franklin Institute Research Laboratories from 1966 to 1971. From 1971 to 1982 he served as the deputy director of the National Air and Space Museum,", "id": "1801139" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nselected from the Air Force's test pilot cadre. Additionally, the AFTC assisted with the testing of rocket engines and re-entry vehicles. Along with the X-15, pilots at Edwards were expanding the frontiers of atmospheric flight, testing the XB-70 Valkyrie high-altitude bomber, along with the YF-12 interceptor for Air Defense Command and the SR-71 Blackbird Strategic Reconnaissance aircraft for Strategic Air Command. With the decline of the military manned space mission after the NASA Lunar Landing Program ended, the Aerospace Research Pilot School was once again re-", "id": "14946574" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nDC-X were hired by Blue Origin, and their New Shepard vehicle was inspired by the DC-X design. Blue Origin does not require the high cross range capabilities, and therefore uses a base-first re-entry profile. Also, the DC-X provided inspiration for many elements of Armadillo Aerospace's, Masten Space Systems's, and TGV Rockets's spacecraft designs. Some NASA engineers believe that the DC-X could provide a solution for a crewed Mars lander. Had a DC-type craft been", "id": "15420693" }, { "contents": "Rockwell X-30\n\n\nThe Rockwell X-30 was an advanced technology demonstrator project for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP), part of a United States project to create a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spacecraft and passenger spaceliner. It was cancelled in the early 1990s before a prototype was completed, although much development work in advanced materials and aerospace design was completed. While a goal of a future NASP was a passenger liner capable of two-hour flights from Washington to Tokyo, the X-30 was planned for a crew of", "id": "16588465" }, { "contents": "SpaceDev\n\n\nSpaceDev, a part of the \"Space Systems Business\" of Sierra Nevada Corporation, is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work. It designed and built components for the hybrid rocket motors for Paul Allen's Tier One suborbital SpaceShipOne space program operated by Scaled Composites. It is also developing micro- and nano-satellites, a small expendable launch vehicle, the SpaceDev Streaker, and has designed a piloted suborbital and orbital spaceship of its own, the SpaceDev Dream Chaser, in collaboration with NASA. SpaceDev is based near San Diego in", "id": "16321029" }, { "contents": "Glenn L. Martin Company\n\n\nby the American space program as one of its first satellite booster rockets as part of Project Vanguard. The Vanguard was the first American space exploration rocket designed from scratch to be an orbital launch vehicle — rather than being a modified sounding rocket (like the Juno I) or a ballistic missile (like the U.S. Army's Redstone missile). Martin also designed and manufactured the huge and heavily armed Titan I and LGM-25C Titan II Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). Martin Company of Orlando, Florida, was the prime contractor for", "id": "10667744" }, { "contents": "Shuttlecraft (Star Trek)\n\n\nplanetary surface and space. Wernher Von Braun in the 1950s conceived of a reusable winged spacecraft as a ferry rocket. Plans for such vehicles were referred to as \"DC-3\" by spacecraft designer Maxime Faget and Integrated Launch and Reentry Vehicle (ILRV) by NASA. During the late 1960s, while \"\" was being broadcast, these concepts became known as Space Shuttle. In a speech given to the British Interplanetary Society in August 1968 George Mueller, head of the NASA Office of Manned Space Flight, mentioned the need for a", "id": "13203374" }, { "contents": "The Aerospace Corporation\n\n\n. Gen. Bernard A. Schriever announced the \"formation of a new nonprofit organization, The Aerospace Corporation, to serve the Air Force in the scientific and technical planning and management of missile-space programs.\" Among the earliest projects it supported were the Dyna-Soar orbital spaceplane, Project Mercury, and the man-rating of the Atlas (rocket) intercontinental ballistic missile. The Aerospace Corporation provided general systems engineering and technical direction for the Titan II missile, first tested in 1962, which became the launch vehicle for Project Gemini", "id": "15141218" }, { "contents": "Timothy Creamer\n\n\nPrior to his astronaut selection in 1998, he had been working as a space operations officer, with the Army Space Command, stationed in Houston, Texas. He is now the Army’s NASA Detachment commander. Creamer was assigned to NASA at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in July 1995 as a Space Shuttle vehicle integration test engineer. His duties primarily involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle. He was actively involved in the integrated tests of the systems for each Orbiter for its preparations for its", "id": "7264360" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nof the rocket, the Clipper Graham soared into the skies over the old White Sands Missile Range to a height of 3,120 meters (10,300 ft) and stayed in the air for over two minutes before landing. That flight was the highest and longest the vehicle had ever flown until then. Robert A. Heinlein dedicated his 1985 novel The Cat Who Walks Through Walls to Graham and eight of the other members of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy. Graham was chairman of the American Space Frontier Committee, the Coalition for", "id": "5770554" }, { "contents": "SpaceX\n\n\nhas one of the largest concentrations of aerospace headquarters, facilities, and/or subsidiaries in the U.S., including Boeing/McDonnell Douglas main satellite building campuses, Aerospace Corp., Raytheon, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Air Force Space Command's Space and Missile Systems Center at Los Angeles Air Force Base, Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems, Northrop Grumman, and AECOM, etc., with a large pool of aerospace engineers and recent college engineering graduates. SpaceX utilizes a high degree of vertical integration in the production of its rockets and rocket", "id": "10001424" }, { "contents": "William H. Gerstenmaier\n\n\n1980, Gerstenmaier moved to Houston, Texas, to work at the Johnson Space Center, researching propulsion related to the Space Shuttle, and was involved in the earliest phases of the International Space Station design. In 1984, he was a semi-finalist in the selection for NASA Astronaut Group 10. In 1988, he first served as manager of Space Shuttle Program Integration, and then went on to serve as head of the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle Operations Office. Following that, he became Director of Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom", "id": "13055214" }, { "contents": "Bruno Augenstein\n\n\nBruno Wilhelm Augenstein (March 16, 1923 – July 6, 2005) was a German-born mathematician and physicist who made important contributions in space technology, ballistic missile research, satellites, antimatter, and many other areas. Augenstein worked in the Aerophysics Laboratory at North American Aviation on diverse projects including weaponization of the V-2 rocket, a ramjet-powered vehicle that later became the Navajo missile. He entered RAND Corporation as a consultant and subcontractor in 1949. Initially at RAND he developed an interest in long range missiles. Augenstein", "id": "1664472" }, { "contents": "Robert R. Gilruth\n\n\nRobert Rowe Gilruth (October 8, 1913 – August 17, 2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. He worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics from 1937 to 1958 and its successor NASA, until his retirement in 1973. He was involved with early research into supersonic flight and rocket-powered aircraft, and then with the United States manned space program, including the Mercury, Gemini", "id": "19875506" } ]

[ { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nMaxwell White Hunter II (March 11, 1922 – November 10, 2001) was a prominent American aerospace engineer. He worked on the design of the Douglas B-42 and Douglas B-43 bombers, the Honest John, Nike-Ajax, and Nike-Zeus missiles, the Thor IRBM, and on parts of the Strategic Defense Initiative. In later years he worked on space-launch vehicles and was a proponent of Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) designs. He was honored in 1995 by the National Space Society", "id": "13829898" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvariety of projects including parts of the mammoth Strategic Defense Initiative. SDI gave him a chance at realizing a dream he had nurtured since the 1960s: the construction of a Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle. In 1984, Hunter proposed a vehicle he called the X-rocket, based on those earlier SSTO designs. The design was reviewed by LMSC's Astronautics Division (AD), which judged it worth pursuing, and by its Missile Systems Division (MSD), which did not. LMSC then", "id": "13829902" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\npayloads into Earth orbit today. After working for Douglas Aircraft from 1944 to 1961, Hunter joined the staff of the National Aeronautics and Space Council, a group that advised the U.S. president on space policy. Following several years in that position, he went back to the aerospace industry in 1965, spending over two decades with Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (LMSC). (LMSC was a division of Lockheed Corporation, which merged with Martin Marietta in 1995 to become Lockheed-Martin.) At LMSC, Hunter worked on a", "id": "13829901" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nspace systems. In this position he oversaw the production of military missiles including the Honest John artillery rocket, the Nike antiaircraft missile, and the Sparrow air-to-air missile. Douglas Aircraft began work on the Thor, an early Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM), in late 1955 and put Hunter in charge of that program. He assembled a small team of crack designers and brought the development to success in a short time. Thor became the basis of the McDonnell Douglas Delta rocket, whose descendants are still boosting", "id": "13829900" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nand High Frontier convinced SDI management and other national officials that a study should be initiated to determine once and for all the feasibility of SSTO vehicles for military missions. This led to a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) program to design a single-stage vehicle that could replace military satellites on short notice during a national emergency. This vehicle was known as the Delta Clipper. McDonnell Douglas Corporation was contracted to build and test fly a one-third-scale, suborbital testbed called the DC-X, or Delta Clipper", "id": "13829904" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvehicle tipped over at landing. Funding to make repairs and continue flight tests was not made available. Max Hunter continued to advise on space policy issues and advocate the building of SSTO vehicles for airline-like access to space, a goal he was sure could be attained. He chaired the Rules Committee for the Ansari X Prize, announced in 1996, a $10 million prize for the first reusable craft to reach space twice within two weeks without substantial refit. In October 2000, he agreed to serve as Chairman of the", "id": "13829906" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nExperimental. While not capable of spaceflight, the DC-X incorporated many of the technologies needed for an SSTO vehicle, including highly automated systems enabling a quick turnaround (just twenty-six hours) between launches. It made eight successful test flights between August 18, 1993, and July 7, 1995, and then was taken over by NASA and flown four times as the DC-XA between May 18 and July 31, 1996. It was damaged on its last flight when one landing strut failed to deploy and the", "id": "13829905" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nfor lifelong contributions to the technology of spaceflight. Maxwell Hunter was born in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania and graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in that state with a degree in physics and mathematics. In 1944, he earned a Master's Degree in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). After earning his MS from MIT, Hunter went to work for the Douglas Aircraft Company. He became their chief designer in aeronautics, working on modifications of the B-42 and B-43 bombers. Later he was promoted to chief engineer for", "id": "13829899" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\ndeclined to support further work on the X-rocket, and Hunter retired. As an independent consultant, he renamed the concept SSX (for Space Ship Experimental), and began to refine it. In December 1988 the ad hoc Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy was briefed on the concept by Hunter and others. The general concept was endorsed by the Council and by High Frontier, Inc., a Washington-based group headed by Lt. Gen. Daniel O. Graham that lobbied for SDI programs. Working together, Hunter", "id": "13829903" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nAdvisory Board for the Undersea Hotel Project of the Cala Corporation. He died at Stanford Hospital, Stanford, California on the evening of November 10, 2001 after a lingering illness. Max Hunter was Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Beta Pi, and a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), the American Astronautical Society (AAS), and the British Interplanetary Society (BIS). He was also a member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) and an honorary member of the Japanese Rocket Society", "id": "13829907" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nThe DC-X, short for Delta Clipper or Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed prototype of a reusable single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle built by McDonnell Douglas in conjunction with the United States Department of Defense's Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) from 1991 to 1993. Starting 1994 until 1995, testing continued through funding of the US civil space agency NASA. In 1996, the DC-X technology was completely transferred to NASA, which upgraded the design for improved performance to create the DC-XA", "id": "15420672" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nvehicles was prepared by Chrysler Corporation's Space Division in 1970–1971 under NASA contract NAS8-26341. Their proposal (Shuttle SERV) was an enormous vehicle with more than of payload, utilizing jet engines for (vertical) landing. While the technical problems seemed to be solvable, the USAF required a winged design that led to the Shuttle as we know it today. The uncrewed DC-X technology demonstrator, originally developed by McDonnell Douglas for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program office, was an attempt to build a vehicle", "id": "10328910" }, { "contents": "David Urie\n\n\nsystem before initiating and heading the Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) and X-33 Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Programs at Lockheed. Urie's work as the program manager for the previously classified Have Region project demonstrated that rocket-powered single-stage-to-orbit vehicles were technically feasible, which led to the Lockheed Martin SSTO design approach. As a Director of the Lockheed-Martin Skunk Works SSTO/RLV Advanced Technology Demonstration Program, Urie conceived and developed the aerospike rocket propelled lifting body that was selected by NASA as", "id": "20876395" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nearly stages of flight; and flight within Earth's atmosphere, which limits speed in the early stages of flight and influences engine performance. Additionally, the retirement of NASA's Shuttle launch vehicle has resulted in a substantial reduction in the cost to launch a kilogram of payload to either low Earth orbit or the International Space Station, removing the main projected advantage of the SSTO concept. Notable single stage to orbit concepts include Skylon, the DC-X, the Lockheed Martin X-33, and the Roton SSTO. However, despite showing", "id": "10328885" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nThe Lockheed Martin X-33 was an uncrewed, sub-scale technology demonstrator suborbital spaceplane developed in the 1990s under the U.S. government-funded Space Launch Initiative program. The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for the VentureStar orbital spaceplane, which was planned to be a next-generation, commercially operated reusable launch vehicle. The X-33 would flight-test a range of technologies that NASA believed it needed for single-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicles (SSTO RLVs), such as metallic thermal protection systems, composite cryogenic fuel tanks", "id": "9997267" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n. During the 1960s some of the first concept designs for this kind of craft began to emerge. One of the earliest SSTO concepts was the expendable One stage Orbital Space Truck (OOST) proposed by Philip Bono, an engineer for Douglas Aircraft Company. A reusable version named ROOST was also proposed. Another early SSTO concept was a reusable launch vehicle named NEXUS which was proposed by Krafft Arnold Ehricke in the early 1960s. It was one of the largest spacecraft ever conceptualized with a diameter of over 50 metres and the capability to", "id": "10328887" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n. According to writer Jerry Pournelle: \"DC-X was conceived in my living room and sold to National Space Council Chairman Dan Quayle by General Graham, Max Hunter and me.\" According to Max Hunter, however, he had tried hard to convince Lockheed Martin of the concept's value for several years before he retired. Hunter had written a paper in 1985 entitled \"The Opportunity\", detailing the concept of a Single-Stage-To-Orbit spacecraft built with low-cost \"off-the-shelf", "id": "15420673" }, { "contents": "Rob Meyerson\n\n\nInitiative contract with NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. Meyerson launched his career as an aerospace engineer at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) from 1985 to 1997 working on human spaceflight systems, including the aerodynamic design of the Space Shuttle orbiter drag parachute, as well as the overall design, integration, and flight test of a gliding parachute for the X-38 Crew Rescue Vehicle, a crew return vehicle designed to return astronauts to earth from the International Space Station. Meyerson began with NASA in 1985 as a cooperative education student at JSC", "id": "8603673" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nfor the X-33 was selected over competing concepts from Boeing and McDonnell Douglas. Boeing proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design, and McDonnell Douglas proposed a design based on its vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL) DC-XA test vehicle. The uncrewed X-33 was slated to fly 15 suborbital hops to near 75.8 km altitude. It was to be launched upright like a rocket and rather than having a straight flight path it would fly diagonally up for half the flight, reaching extremely high altitudes, and then for the rest of the", "id": "9997274" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nThe methodologies were later adopted as a standard by the Air Transport Association. He later joined the Thor missile project as the chief design engineer, and this introduced him to the world of space launchers. With new upper stages, Thor became the Delta, one of the most-used launchers in the 1960s. In spite of Thor's success, Hunter was dissatisfied with the state of the launcher market and later wrote that \"by the end of 1963 the state of recoverable rockets was terrible.\" He was convinced that as", "id": "7750830" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nit the DC-X for Delta Clipper Experimental. The name honored the firm's successful Thor/Delta rocket and recalled the famous 19th-century commercial clipper ships. The McDonnell Douglas SSTO team saw the Delta Clipper as opening the \"space trade routes in the same way that the Yankee Clipper ships opened the sea trade routes.\" The needs of the commercial launch industry thus were integral to the thinking of the McDonnell Douglas DC-X team. General Graham envisioned the DC-X as the perfect inexpensive launch and delivery", "id": "5770549" }, { "contents": "George Huebner\n\n\nproduce intercontinental ballistic missiles. Huebner was named executive engineer in charge of Chrysler's Missile Branch. At the time he was serving as executive engineer of research for Chrysler in their automotive division. He developed a complete research and development missile facility that included engineering, testing, and production of the Redstone rocket. These rockets ultimately launched into orbit the first U.S. satellites and the first manned space flights. Huebner worked closely with Wernher von Braun on the space program. For two years he worked on this rocket project and then went back", "id": "15004097" }, { "contents": "Reusable launch system\n\n\nthe McDonnell Douglas Delta Clipper VTOL SSTO proposal progressed to the testing phase. The DC-X prototype demonstrated rapid turnaround time and automatic computer control. In mid-1990, British research evolved an earlier HOTOL design into the far more promising Skylon design, which remains in development. From the commercial side, Rocketplane Kistler and Rotary Rocket attempted to build reusable privately developed rockets before going bankrupt. NASA proposed risky reusable concepts to replace the Shuttle technology, to be demonstrated under the X-33 and X-34 programs, which were both cancelled in the early", "id": "19421229" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\na number of SSTO advocates to reconsider hydrogen as a satisfactory fuel. The late Max Hunter, while employing hydrogen fuel in the DC-X, often said that he thought the first successful orbital SSTO would more likely be fueled by propane. Some SSTO concepts use the same engine for all altitudes, which is a problem for traditional engines with a bell-shaped nozzle. Depending on the atmospheric pressure, different bell shapes are optimal. Engines operating in the lower atmosphere have shorter bells than those designed to work in vacuum.", "id": "10328899" }, { "contents": "George Mueller (NASA)\n\n\ndesigns ranged from 'simple' concepts like Martin Marietta's six person reusable craft similar to the Dyna-Soar (launched by a Titan III-M), to partially reusable concepts like Lockheed's Star Clipper or Tip Tank from McDonnell Douglas, to fully reusable two-stage vehicles like the one proposed by General Dynamics. Following this symposium Mueller continued to champion a \"space shuttle\". He did not invent the term, but he made it his own. He was also a keen proponent of space stations and was", "id": "16249187" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nIn October 2000, Beal Aerospace ceased operations citing a decision by NASA and the Department of Defense to commit themselves to the development of the competing government-financed EELV program. In 1998 Rotary Rocket proposed the Roton, a Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) piloted Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) space transport. A full scale Roton Atmospheric Test Vehicle flew three times in 1999. After spending tens of millions of dollars in development the Roton failed to secure launch contracts and Rotary Rocket ceased operations in 2001. On", "id": "288621" }, { "contents": "List of human spaceflight programs\n\n\ncommissioned by the Russian Aerospace Agency since 1993. The Kankoh-maru (観光丸? Kankōmaru) is the name of a proposed vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL), single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), reusable launch system (rocket-powered spacecraft). The Ansari X Prize was a space competition in which the X Prize Foundation offered a US$10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable crewed spacecraft into space twice within two weeks. Twenty-six teams from around the world", "id": "19978394" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nby 2016, and some space ventures have had to turn away investor funding. After earlier first effort of OTRAG, in the 1990s the projection of a significant demand for communications satellite launches attracted the development of a number of commercial space launch providers. The launch demand largely vanished when some of the largest satellite constellations, such as 288 satellite Teledesic network, were never built. In 1996 NASA selected Lockheed Martin Skunk Works to build the X-33 VentureStar prototype for a single stage to orbit (SSTO) reusable launch vehicle. In 1999", "id": "288619" }, { "contents": "James Smith McDonnell\n\n\nMcDonnell Aircraft Corporation in 1939. Headquartered in St. Louis, the company quickly grew into a principal supplier of fighter aircraft to the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy, including the F-4 Phantom II fighter and the Mercury and Gemini space capsules. In 1967, McDonnell Aircraft merged with the Douglas Aircraft Company to create McDonnell Douglas. Later that year Douglas Aircraft Company's space and missiles division became part of a new subsidiary called McDonnell Douglas Astronautics, located in Huntington Beach, California, producing the Delta series of launch vehicles. The new", "id": "21028393" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\ndeath, the first launch vehicle based on his designs, the McDonnell Douglas DC-X (Delta Clipper) began a largely successful series of test flights. The DC-X was a vertical-takeoff and vertical landing vehicle. The series of test flights began on 18 August 1993 and continued until the upgraded version of the launch vehicle (renamed the DC-XA) tipped over on landing on July 31, 1996. Among Bono's visionary designs was a 1960 Boeing design for a manned Mars spacecraft capable of carrying a", "id": "3522773" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\neight Block II satellites for flights on the new Delta II expendable Medium Launch Vehicle in lieu of the Space Shuttle. Space Division awarded the Medium Launch Vehicle (MLV) contract to McDonnell-Douglas Astronautics Company on 21 January 1987. However, unlike earlier commercial arrangements, the company would no longer be under contract to NASA. Under the new Commercial Expendable Launch Vehicle program encouraged by president Ronald Reagan since 1983, McDonnell-Douglas would be responsible for producing, marketing and launching its commercial Delta IIs. The Air Force would be", "id": "19923501" }, { "contents": "Mel Hunter\n\n\nfor the years 1960-1962. As Hunter's science fiction career blossomed, so did his technical and scientific illustrations. Hunter's love of air and space took him from California's desert runways to Florida's seacoast launchpads to illustrate every variety of jet-age aircraft and space-age rocket imaginable—from X-15 to Saturn V. One of Hunter's best-known books is \"The Missilemen\", a photo illustrated work published in 1960 by Doubleday. Hunter visited U.S. rocket and missile sites during the late 1950s; he", "id": "20560131" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\na single-stage-to-orbit vehicle. Five companies expressed interest and proposed concepts. Three (LM, Rockwell and McDonnell Douglas) were selected for workup into more detailed proposals. Rockwell proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design. It would have used one Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) and two RL-10-5A engines. In a subsequent full-scale system to reach orbit Rockwell planned to use six Rocketdyne RS-2100 engines. McDonnell Douglas featured a design using liquid oxygen/hydrogen bell engines based on its vertical takeoff", "id": "9997282" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\nresearch ways to make more efficient use of the wing surface during high-speed maneuvers. The Directorate is also a collaborator with DARPA, the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Sandia National Laboratories and AFRL's Space Vehicles Directorate on the FALCON program, which includes the HTV-3X Blackswift hypersonic flight demonstration vehicle. The Air Vehicles Directorate also collaborated with NASA and Boeing on the initial work for the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle and the 80% scaled version, X-40A Space Maneuver Vehicle, prior to the classification of the program and", "id": "1842734" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nparts for re-use. After landing the vehicle would be refit, mated with another tank, and be ready for another mission. Hunter moved to Lockheed in the fall of 1965. On his first day he was asked if there was anything Lockheed should be looking at, and he immediately suggested development of his stage-and-a-half design. His suggestions caught the ear of Eugene Root, president of Lockheed Missiles and Space, who gave him the go-ahead to study what became known as the Star", "id": "7750834" }, { "contents": "PGM-17 Thor\n\n\ndeployment as a missile a few years after deployment, the Thor rocket found widespread use as a space launch vehicle. It was the first in a large family of space launch vehicles—the Delta rockets. The last remaining descendant of the Thor, the Delta II, was retired in 2018, and the Delta IV is based on entirely new technology, unlike the Delta II. see Project Emily Stations and Squadrons Family: Thor IRBM, Thor DM-18 (single stage LV); Thor DM-19 (rocket 1st stage), Thor", "id": "15220989" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthree of its four landing pads deployed, which caused it to tip over on its side and explode. The project has not been continued since. From 1999 to 2001 Rotary Rocket attempted to build a SSTO vehicle called the Roton. It received a large amount of media attention and a working sub-scale prototype was completed, but the design was largely impractical. There have been various approaches to SSTO, including pure rockets that are launched and land vertically, air-breathing scramjet-powered vehicles that are launched and land horizontally", "id": "10328891" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\n. The facilities for testing rockets are frequently used for testing new rocket engines including the RS-68 rocket engine developed for use on the Delta IV launch vehicle. The space propulsion area also develops technologies for use in satellites on-orbit to alter their orbits. An AFRL-developed experimental Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) arcjet was flown on the ARGOS satellite in 1999 as part of the Air Force Space Test Program. The Directorate currently manages the X-51A program, which is developing a scramjet demonstration vehicle. The X-51 program is working", "id": "1842749" }, { "contents": "Laurel van der Wal\n\n\nhonors. Her graduate education was funded in part by a National Research Council fellowship to study aeronautics in Stockholm, Sweden. As a young engineer van der Wal worked at Douglas Aircraft as a data analyst on the Nike missile program, and later designing missile systems for the Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation. Starting in 1958, she was the project engineer on three MIA (Mouse-in-Able) launches from Cape Canaveral, as head of bioastronautics at Space Technology Laboratories. She was named the \"Los Angeles Times\"'s \"", "id": "12236594" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nThe National Launch System (or New Launch System) was a study authorized in 1991 by President George H. W. Bush to outline alternatives to the Space Shuttle for access to Earth orbit. Shortly thereafter, NASA asked Lockheed Missiles and Space, McDonnell Douglas, and TRW to perform a ten-month study. A series of launch vehicles was proposed, based around the proposed Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) liquid-fuel rocket engine. The STME was to be a simplified, expendable version of the Space Shuttle main engine (", "id": "11086741" }, { "contents": "Michael R. Clifford\n\n\nfrom the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and was designated an experimental test pilot. In December 1995, Clifford retired from the army. As a military officer, Clifford was assigned to the Johnson Space Center in July 1987. As a Space Shuttle Vehicle Integration engineer, his duties involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle Program. He was involved in design certification and integration of the Shuttle Crew Escape System, and was an executive board member of the Solid Rocket Booster Postflight Assessment Team. Selected as an astronaut", "id": "18151051" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n. In the Shuttle development effort he led a team working on vehicle aerodynamics and the main engines, which included developing full-scale component tests and scaling methodologies, and applying computational fluid dynamics to overcome a wide range of aerothermochemistry problems. He was Chief of the Aerophysics Division at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center until 1992, when he became Chief Aerodynamicist at the NASA Center. He was awarded the AIAA Aerodynamics Award in 1997 for his exceptional lifetime contributions to the aerodynamic design and analysis of strategic missiles and manned/unmanned launch", "id": "21371187" }, { "contents": "Robert A. Heinlein\n\n\noften in his fiction, as do fictitious strikable self-lighting cigarettes. In 1980 Robert Heinlein was a member of the Citizens Advisory Council on National Space Policy, chaired by Jerry Pournelle, which met at the home of SF writer Larry Niven to write space policy papers for the incoming Reagan Administration. Members included such aerospace industry leaders as former astronaut Buzz Aldrin, General Daniel O. Graham, aerospace engineer Max Hunter and North American Rockwell VP for Space Shuttle development George Merrick. Policy recommendations from the Council included ballistic missile defense concepts", "id": "5599733" }, { "contents": "Wernher von Braun\n\n\nUnited States, along with about 1,600 other German scientists, engineers, and technicians, as part of Operation Paperclip. He worked for the United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) program, and he developed the rockets that launched the United States' first space satellite Explorer 1. His group was assimilated into NASA, where he served as director of the newly formed Marshall Space Flight Center and as the chief architect of the Saturn V super heavy-lift launch vehicle that propelled the Apollo spacecraft to the", "id": "15033628" }, { "contents": "Jarvis (rocket)\n\n\nJarvis was a proposed American medium-lift launch vehicle for space launch, designed by Hughes Aircraft and Boeing during the mid-1980s as part of the joint United States Air Force (USAF)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Launch System (ALS) study. Intended to utilize engines and tooling in storage from the Saturn V rocket program along with Space Shuttle components, and projected to be capable of carrying up to six satellites into multiple orbits using a single launch (e.g. GPS constellation), the proposal failed to meet the ALS", "id": "15822979" }, { "contents": "Robert F. Overmyer\n\n\nMarch 1988, he joined the Space Station Team at McDonnell Douglas Aerospace, where he led crew and operations activities for seven years. He retired from McDonnell Douglas in April 1995 and expanded the scope of Mach Twenty Five International, continuing his aerospace consultation work as well as speaking engagements and writing. Overmyer continued his career as a general aviation test pilot. Having former experience with aeronautical testing at both U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School and NASA, he joined Minnesota-based aircraft manufacturer Cirrus Design (now called Cirrus Aircraft) as", "id": "19963429" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n, nuclear-powered vehicles, and even jet-engine-powered vehicles that can fly into orbit and return landing like an airliner, completely intact. For rocket-powered SSTO, the main challenge is achieving a high enough mass-ratio to carry sufficient propellant to achieve orbit, plus a meaningful payload weight. One possibility is to give the rocket an initial speed with a space gun, as planned in the Quicklaunch project. For air-breathing SSTO, the main challenge is system complexity and associated research and development costs", "id": "10328892" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfuel for increasing efficiency once in space. Further examples of Bono's early concepts (prior to the 1990s) which were never constructed include: Around 1985 the NASP project was intended to launch a scramjet vehicle into orbit, but funding was stopped and the project cancelled. At around the same time, the HOTOL tried to use precooled jet engine technology, but failed to show significant advantages over rocket technology. The DC-X, short for Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed one-third scale vertical takeoff and landing demonstrator", "id": "10328889" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nShuttle design. The detailed study of the cost advantages of the drop tank design demonstrated a dramatic reduction in development risk, and as a result, development costs. When funding for STS development was cut, the drop tank was taken up as a way to meet the developmental budgets, leading to the semi-reusable Space Shuttle design. Maxwell Hunter was working at Douglas Aircraft where he formalized the calculation of aircraft operation economics. His methodologies were first published in 1940, and were later applied to the Douglas DC-6 and DC-7.", "id": "7750829" }, { "contents": "Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle\n\n\nThe Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle, designed for NASA's Project Mercury, was the first American crewed space booster. It was used for six sub-orbital Mercury flights from 1960–61; culminating with the launch of the first, and 11 weeks later, the second American (and the second and third humans) in space. The four subsequent Mercury human spaceflights used the more powerful Atlas booster to enter low Earth orbit. A member of the Redstone rocket family, it was derived from the U.S. Army's Redstone ballistic missile and", "id": "11828011" }, { "contents": "British Aerospace HOTOL\n\n\nspace launch system. In 1982, British Aerospace (BAe), which was Europe's principal satellite-builder, began studying a prospective new launch system with the aim of providing launch costs that were 20 per cent of the American Space Shuttle operated by NASA. BAe became aware of work by British engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce on a suitable engine, and soon conceived of an unmanned, fully reuseable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) winged spaceplane as a launch vehicle. Thus, the project had soon became", "id": "14493503" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\nrole in the civilian NASA Project Mercury, Project Gemini and Project Apollo manned space programs along with military Space Shuttle flights. The mission of the unit today is performed by the 45th Space Wing (no direct lineage). Activated in December 1950, replacing 550th Guided Missiles Wing. the 6555th had a distinguished career launching and/or managing ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and payloads for the Ballistic Systems Division, the Space Systems Division and the Space & Missile Systems Organization. As a Wing or a Group, the 6555th earned ten Air", "id": "19923442" }, { "contents": "William H. Dana\n\n\ncontributions to the lifting body program, Dana received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal. In 1976 he received the Haley Space Flight Award from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) for his research work on the M2-F3 lifting body control systems. A member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Dana is the author of several technical papers. In 1993, he was inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Honor. During the X-15 program, eight pilots flew above 264,000 feet or 50 miles, thereby qualifying as astronauts according to", "id": "8766846" }, { "contents": "USAF Hunter-Killer\n\n\nHunter-Killer is an unofficial project name based upon an \"Aviation Week & Space Technology\" article. The U.S. Air Force's Hunter-Killer program was a tactical unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV) procurement program. The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, a variant of the MQ-1 Predator won the project and was deployed in Afghanistan. This is the U.S. Air Force program for which several companies have developed vehicles. Although the J-UCAS concept is a long way from the early idea of a \"reusable cruise missile\",", "id": "18825446" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nlong as launchers were thrown away, access to space would never be affordable. Several companies had already completed early feasibility studies of fully reusable spacecraft, like the Martin Marietta Astrorocket and Douglas Astro. The designs used two flyback stages, one of which flew back to the launch point, while the other flew into orbit and landed after its mission. Hunter thought that any such design was tantamount to making two aircraft to do the job of one, and it was only the upper stage that was of any real use. By", "id": "7750831" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\ndirector of the CIA under Director William Colby and from 1974–1976 he was the director of the DIA. Ronald Reagan called upon General Graham to be his military advisor for his 1976 and 1980 campaigns. General Graham is a member of the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame. In later years, Graham devoted a lot of time to the research and development of Single-Stage To Orbit (SSTO) spacecraft in conjunction with NASA. McDonnell Douglas was awarded a contract to build an SSTO test vehicle on August 16, 1991, and named", "id": "5770548" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nBased on its experience working with Minuteman assets, Space Vector was tasked by Lockheed in 1980 to help develop the Homing Overlay Experiment (HOE) booster for the U.S. Army which would go on to become the first successful hit-to-kill intercept of a mock ballistic missile warhead outside the Earth’s atmosphere. This technology was later used by the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and expanded into the Exoatmospheric Reentry-vehicle Interception System (ERIS) program. In 1982 Space Vector was tapped by Space Services Inc. of America (", "id": "7487030" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nPhilip Bono (13 January 1921 – 23 May 1993) was a Douglas Aircraft Company engineer. He was a pioneer of reusable vertical landing single-stage to orbit launch vehicles. As a visionary designer, he is credited with inventing the first version of a recoverable single-stage spacecraft booster, and his contributions influenced spacecraft design. Bono pursued single-stage space launch as simpler and cheaper. He realized to do this he would need to use high specific impulse liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engines. Afterwards he proposed to", "id": "3522770" }, { "contents": "Vance D. Coffman\n\n\nin Aerospace Engineering of Iowa State University (ISU). Coffman had three brothers, all of which studied at ISU within the engineering and science departments. Coffman has Master's and Doctorate graduate in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University. In 1967, Coffman joined Lockheed Martin Corporation's Space Systems Division, working on the development of space programs and data processing systems for the corporation. By 1988 he was president of the Space Systems Division. He directed the Hubble Space Telescope project for Lockheed. By 1998 he was the chairman and", "id": "11284872" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n\" commercial parts and currently-available technology, but Lockheed Martin was not interested enough to fund such a program themselves. On February 15, 1989, Pournelle, Graham and Hunter were able to procure a meeting with Vice-President Dan Quayle. They \"sold\" the idea to SDIO by noting that any space-based weapons system would need to be serviced by a spacecraft that was far more reliable than the Space Shuttle, and offer lower launch costs and have much better turnaround times. Given the uncertainties of the design", "id": "15420674" }, { "contents": "Abdul Majid (physicist)\n\n\nand joined Pakistan's Space Program as a researcher in astrophysics and aeronautical labs. Majid worked under the supervision of noted Pakistani-Polish military scientist and aeronautical engineer, Air Commodore W. J. M. Turowicz, in the field of Rocket Technology and published numerous research papers. He is credited for the design and developed the Hypersonic Rocket Launch Vehicle or Hatf Missiles Series during his stay at SUPARCO. In 1983, Dr Majid was put in-charge of Satellite Development Program of Pakistan. He is widely credited for the indigenous development and launching", "id": "14780917" }, { "contents": "Martin Knutson\n\n\n's aging fleet of F-104 support aircraft with F/A-18 Hornets. He also provided leadership for numerous flight research projects including the X-29 forward-swept-wing technology demonstrator; the Controlled Impact Demonstration, the F-15 Digital Electronic Engine Control project that integrated propulsion and flight controls, the Pegasus air-launched rocket for placing small payloads into low-Earth orbit; the CV-990 Landing Systems Research aircraft that tested improved braking systems for the space shuttle; and the F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle. After the Air Force announced the impending retirement", "id": "2519508" }, { "contents": "Pioneer Rocketplane\n\n\nMissile Range Officers’ Club on May 12, 1993. The original concept was developed by then Air Force Captain Mitchell Burnside Clapp, who envisioned an aerial refueled, rocket-powered single-stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicle using jet fuel and hydrogen peroxide. This concept seemed a natural match for the Air Force's TransAtmospheric Vehicle (TAV) mission and studies began at the USAF Phillips Laboratory. Aerospace engineering legend Burt Rutan and noted aircraft designer Dan Raymer contributed input to the development of the design. During the winter of", "id": "17524030" }, { "contents": "Thor (rocket family)\n\n\nThor was a US space launch vehicle derived from the PGM-17 Thor intermediate-range ballistic missile. The Thor rocket was the first member of the Delta rocket family of space launch vehicles. The last launch of a direct derivative of the Thor missile occurred in 2018 as the first stage of the final Delta II. Thor was first used as a launch vehicle during the testing program of the warhead reentry vehicle for the Atlas missile. For these three tests a Thor core stage was topped by the Able second stage. Able used the", "id": "21158637" }, { "contents": "Boeing X-37\n\n\nThe Boeing X-37, also known as the Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), is a reusable robotic spacecraft. It is boosted into space by a launch vehicle, then re-enters Earth's atmosphere and lands as a spaceplane. The X-37 is operated by the United States Air Force for orbital spaceflight missions intended to demonstrate reusable space technologies. It is a 120%-scaled derivative of the earlier Boeing X-40. The X-37 began as a NASA project in 1999, before being transferred to the U.S. Department of Defense in 2004. Its first", "id": "12510871" }, { "contents": "LGM-25C Titan II\n\n\nThe Titan II was an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and space launcher developed by the Glenn L. Martin Company from the earlier Titan I missile. Titan II was originally designed and used as an ICBM, but was later adapted as a medium-lift space launch vehicle to carry payloads to Earth orbit for the United States Air Force (USAF), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Those payloads included the USAF Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), NOAA weather", "id": "10861471" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\non the X-33 experience shared with NASA, Lockheed Martin hoped to make the business case for a full-scale SSTO RLV, called VentureStar, that would be developed and operated through commercial means. The intention was that rather than operate space transport systems as it has with the Space Shuttle, NASA would instead look to private industry to operate the reusable launch vehicle and NASA would purchase launch services from the commercial launch provider. Thus, the X-33 was not only about honing space flight technologies, but also about successfully demonstrating the technology", "id": "9997276" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nmake these vehicles reusable. From his ROOST design onwards Bono advocated space launch vehicles without wings, usually using rocket assisted vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL). According to his estimates, wings consisted mostly of dead weight that decreased launch payload mass. He patented a reusable plug nozzle rocket engine which had dual use as a heat shield for atmospheric reentry. His early 1960s concepts influenced later designs like the 1990s Delta Clipper, also from Douglas. Philip Bono was born in Brooklyn, New York on 13 January 1921. He graduated", "id": "3522771" }, { "contents": "Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment\n\n\nof new space services and other activities that would improve U.S. economic competitiveness. The program implemented the National Space Transportation Policy, which is designed to accelerate the development of new launch technologies and concepts to contribute to the continuing commercialization of the national space launch industry. Both the X-33 and the smaller X-34 technology testbed demonstrator were under the Space Transportation Program Offices at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. The air-launched, winged X-34 also was to demonstrate technologies applicable to future-generation reusable launch vehicles designed to dramatically", "id": "20761669" }, { "contents": "Adolf Thiel\n\n\nfor the Thor ballistic missile, which became a first-stage launch for the Explorer spacecraft. He was director of space projects for TRW when it developed Explorer VI and Pioneer V, two of the earliest US craft to explore interplanetary space. He oversaw all of TRW's space programs during the 1970s. After his retirement in 1980 as a senior vice president, Thiel served as an executive consultant to TRW and on NASA planning groups. He was named a fellow of the American Astronautical Society in 1968. He married Frances Thiel", "id": "11277096" }, { "contents": "BAC Mustard\n\n\nin other space programmes, such as the American Space Shuttle. Mustard was a modular re-usable space launch system, comprising multiple copies of a single vehicle design, each of which was configured for a different role as a booster stage or an orbital spaceplane. The core vehicle design resembled the basic layout of the Douglas Astro, both being delta-winged reusable vehicles, as would the later American Space Shuttle. Furthermore, all three functioned as vertically-launched rockets and used integral wings so that they could land horizontally,", "id": "11296482" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nSSIA) to fabricate and launch the Conestoga I off Matagorda Island, Texas which became the first privately funded rocket to reach space. In 1992 Space Vector teamed with Coleman Research Corporation (now a division of L-3 Communications) and Aerotherm to provide the Army Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC) with 25 Hera target vehicles to support testing of THAAD and Patriot PAC-3 anti-ballistic missile systems. Space Vector went on to earn the distinction in 1997 as the first company to air launch a minuteman based target vehicle. The single", "id": "7487031" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n-range ballistic missile and the large Saturn I booster rocket. Following the Russian Sputnik launch, in July 1960 he moved with other von Braun rocket scientists from the Army Ballistic Missile Agency to the newly founded NASA. There, as part of the Apollo moon-landing program, he made major contributions working on the Saturn V booster rocket, on aerothermodynamics, and on liquid hydrogen propellant systems. He subsequently was involved in numerous projects contributing to the nation's manned and unmanned space flight programs, especially Skylab and the Space Shuttle", "id": "21371186" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nthe NLS-1 core stage. The NLS program did not venture beyond the planning stages and did not survive the Presidency of Bill Clinton, which started in January 1993. In 1992, Daniel Goldin was selected to replace Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly as NASA administrator. Goldin championed the motto, \"faster, better, cheaper,\" which may not have fit the ambitious NLS vision. A NASA history from 1998 says that reusable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) rockets and space planes such as the McDonnell Douglas DC", "id": "11086743" }, { "contents": "Gary Hudson (engineer)\n\n\nGary Hudson has been involved in private spaceflight development for over 40 years. Hudson is best known as the founder of Rotary Rocket Company, which in spending ~$30 Million attempted to build a unique single stage to orbit launch vehicle known as the Roton. Rotary Rocket built a landing test simulator (the Roton ATV) which flew three successful test flights in 1999. He also helped found Transformational Space T/Space in 2004. He also helped found AirLaunch LLC which was awarded the DARPA/USAF FALCON project in 2003. Previous projects", "id": "10746924" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nof Space Shuttle Columbia touched down on Rogers Dry Lakebed, with Astronauts John Young and Robert Crippin successfully landing the first orbiting space vehicle ever to leave the Earth under rocket power and return to Earth aerodynamically for re-use. The \"Flying Wing\" returned to Edwards in the late 1980s when the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber began testing, and at a remote site, the F-117A Nighthawk stealth fighter. Air-Launched Cruise Missile, and LANTIRN systems were also tested during the 1980s. The 1990s saw the arrival of the Lockheed", "id": "14946576" }, { "contents": "Jerry Pournelle\n\n\nof making recommendation to the US Air Force on investment in technologies required to build the missile force to be deployed in 1975. After Project 75 was completed Pournelle became manager of several advanced concept studies. At North American Rockwell’s Space Division, Pournelle was associate director of operations research, where he took part in the Apollo program and general operations. He was founding President of the Pepperdine Research Institute. In 1989, Pournelle, Max Hunter, and retired Army Lieutenant General Daniel O. Graham made a presentation to then Vice President Dan", "id": "16491387" }, { "contents": "United States Air Force Plant 42\n\n\nby McDonnell Douglas, St. Louis, Missouri, and transported by aircraft to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. They were also transported by aircraft from Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility to the Kennedy Space Center. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration had been paying the Air Force for use of Plant 42 facilities for the shuttle work. NASA decided in February 2002 to shift space shuttle overhaul and modification work from Palmdale to Florida. Current projects include design, engineering, pre-production, production, modification, flight testing, servicing and repair", "id": "9173070" }, { "contents": "William C. Schwartz\n\n\nspace vehicles and orbital calculations. He was a member of the founding group within NAA involved with the development of space vehicles and which developed the Apollo program. In the early 1960s, he moved to The Martin Company (later Martin Marietta and now Lockheed Martin), where he managed three departments, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Human Factors for the missile developer. It was during this period that he became involved in laser research and development. Shortly after the invention of the laser in 1960, Martin recognized its potential in", "id": "13650865" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthat could lead to an SSTO vehicle. The one-third-size test craft was operated and maintained by a small team of three people based out of a trailer, and the craft was once relaunched less than 24 hours after landing. Although the test program was not without mishap (including a minor explosion), the DC-X demonstrated that the maintenance aspects of the concept were sound. That project was cancelled when it landed with three of four legs deployed, tipped over, and exploded on the fourth flight after", "id": "10328911" }, { "contents": "Marti Sarigul-Klijn\n\n\nDr. Marti Sarigul-Klijn is an expert at rapidly designing, fabricating, and test flying proof-of-concept prototypes. He holds a Ph.D. in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and is a graduate of the United States Naval Test Pilot School and the United States Naval Academy. After completing twenty years in the Navy with the final rank of Commander, he has since worked on over 20 design proposals that include aircraft, UAV's, rocket propulsion, and space launch vehicles. Seven of these proposals continued to", "id": "11065599" }, { "contents": "Jerauld R. Gentry\n\n\nJerauld Richard \"Jerry\" Gentry (May 16, 1935 – March 3, 2003) was a United States Air Force (USAF) test pilot and Vietnam combat veteran. As chief USAF pilot of the Lifting Body Research Program, he helped validate the concept of flying a wingless vehicle back to Earth from space and landing it like an aircraft—an approach used by the Space Shuttle and to a greater degree by vehicles such as the Lockheed Martin X-33 and NASA X-38. Gentry completed thirty lifting body flights including the first flight", "id": "21488944" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nlifting body shape, composite multi-lobed liquid fuel tanks, and the aerospike engine, NASA and Lockheed Martin hoped to test fly a craft that would demonstrate the viability of a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) design. A spacecraft capable of reaching orbit in a single stage would not require external fuel tanks or boosters to reach low Earth orbit. Doing away with the need for \"staging\" with launch vehicles, such as with the Shuttle and the Apollo rockets, would lead to an inherently more reliable", "id": "9997271" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfor a proposed SSTO. It is one of only a few prototype SSTO vehicles ever built. Several other prototypes were intended, including the DC-X2 (a half-scale prototype) and the DC-Y, a full-scale vehicle which would be capable of single stage insertion into orbit. Neither of these were built, but the project was taken over by NASA in 1995, and they built the DC-XA, an upgraded one-third scale prototype. This vehicle was lost when it landed with only", "id": "10328890" }, { "contents": "Landing gear\n\n\ne.g., the Space Shuttle, or the USAF X-37), landing gear have been largely absent from orbital vehicles during the early decades since the advent of spaceflight technology, when orbital space transport has been the exclusive preserve of national-monopoly governmental space programs. Each spaceflight system to date has relied on expendable boosters to begin each ascent to orbital velocity. Recent advances in private space transport, where new competition to governmental space initiatives has emerged, have included the explicit design of landing gear into orbital booster rockets. SpaceX has initiated", "id": "10876701" }, { "contents": "Eric Boe\n\n\ninvolves work with displays and controls for future space vehicles. He made his first trip to space as pilot of during STS-126 on November 14, 2008. Boe flew his second space flight as pilot on STS-133, the final scheduled flight of the Space Shuttle \"Discovery\" and the third-to-last flight of the Space Shuttle program. In August 2012, Boe was named Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office. In July 2015, NASA announced Boe as one of the first astronauts for U.S. Commercial spaceflights. Subsequently, he", "id": "14264618" }, { "contents": "Melvin B. Zisfein\n\n\nMelvin B. Zisfein (1926-1995) was an aircraft designer and a Deputy Director of the U.S. National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC. Zisfein graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with degrees in aeronautical engineering (B.S. 1948; M.S. 1948) and worked as a designer, aerodynamicist, and manager for aircraft companies from then until 1966. He was associate director of the Franklin Institute Research Laboratories from 1966 to 1971. From 1971 to 1982 he served as the deputy director of the National Air and Space Museum,", "id": "1801139" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nselected from the Air Force's test pilot cadre. Additionally, the AFTC assisted with the testing of rocket engines and re-entry vehicles. Along with the X-15, pilots at Edwards were expanding the frontiers of atmospheric flight, testing the XB-70 Valkyrie high-altitude bomber, along with the YF-12 interceptor for Air Defense Command and the SR-71 Blackbird Strategic Reconnaissance aircraft for Strategic Air Command. With the decline of the military manned space mission after the NASA Lunar Landing Program ended, the Aerospace Research Pilot School was once again re-", "id": "14946574" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nDC-X were hired by Blue Origin, and their New Shepard vehicle was inspired by the DC-X design. Blue Origin does not require the high cross range capabilities, and therefore uses a base-first re-entry profile. Also, the DC-X provided inspiration for many elements of Armadillo Aerospace's, Masten Space Systems's, and TGV Rockets's spacecraft designs. Some NASA engineers believe that the DC-X could provide a solution for a crewed Mars lander. Had a DC-type craft been", "id": "15420693" }, { "contents": "Rockwell X-30\n\n\nThe Rockwell X-30 was an advanced technology demonstrator project for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP), part of a United States project to create a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spacecraft and passenger spaceliner. It was cancelled in the early 1990s before a prototype was completed, although much development work in advanced materials and aerospace design was completed. While a goal of a future NASP was a passenger liner capable of two-hour flights from Washington to Tokyo, the X-30 was planned for a crew of", "id": "16588465" }, { "contents": "SpaceDev\n\n\nSpaceDev, a part of the \"Space Systems Business\" of Sierra Nevada Corporation, is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work. It designed and built components for the hybrid rocket motors for Paul Allen's Tier One suborbital SpaceShipOne space program operated by Scaled Composites. It is also developing micro- and nano-satellites, a small expendable launch vehicle, the SpaceDev Streaker, and has designed a piloted suborbital and orbital spaceship of its own, the SpaceDev Dream Chaser, in collaboration with NASA. SpaceDev is based near San Diego in", "id": "16321029" }, { "contents": "Glenn L. Martin Company\n\n\nby the American space program as one of its first satellite booster rockets as part of Project Vanguard. The Vanguard was the first American space exploration rocket designed from scratch to be an orbital launch vehicle — rather than being a modified sounding rocket (like the Juno I) or a ballistic missile (like the U.S. Army's Redstone missile). Martin also designed and manufactured the huge and heavily armed Titan I and LGM-25C Titan II Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). Martin Company of Orlando, Florida, was the prime contractor for", "id": "10667744" }, { "contents": "Shuttlecraft (Star Trek)\n\n\nplanetary surface and space. Wernher Von Braun in the 1950s conceived of a reusable winged spacecraft as a ferry rocket. Plans for such vehicles were referred to as \"DC-3\" by spacecraft designer Maxime Faget and Integrated Launch and Reentry Vehicle (ILRV) by NASA. During the late 1960s, while \"\" was being broadcast, these concepts became known as Space Shuttle. In a speech given to the British Interplanetary Society in August 1968 George Mueller, head of the NASA Office of Manned Space Flight, mentioned the need for a", "id": "13203374" }, { "contents": "The Aerospace Corporation\n\n\n. Gen. Bernard A. Schriever announced the \"formation of a new nonprofit organization, The Aerospace Corporation, to serve the Air Force in the scientific and technical planning and management of missile-space programs.\" Among the earliest projects it supported were the Dyna-Soar orbital spaceplane, Project Mercury, and the man-rating of the Atlas (rocket) intercontinental ballistic missile. The Aerospace Corporation provided general systems engineering and technical direction for the Titan II missile, first tested in 1962, which became the launch vehicle for Project Gemini", "id": "15141218" }, { "contents": "Timothy Creamer\n\n\nPrior to his astronaut selection in 1998, he had been working as a space operations officer, with the Army Space Command, stationed in Houston, Texas. He is now the Army’s NASA Detachment commander. Creamer was assigned to NASA at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in July 1995 as a Space Shuttle vehicle integration test engineer. His duties primarily involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle. He was actively involved in the integrated tests of the systems for each Orbiter for its preparations for its", "id": "7264360" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nof the rocket, the Clipper Graham soared into the skies over the old White Sands Missile Range to a height of 3,120 meters (10,300 ft) and stayed in the air for over two minutes before landing. That flight was the highest and longest the vehicle had ever flown until then. Robert A. Heinlein dedicated his 1985 novel The Cat Who Walks Through Walls to Graham and eight of the other members of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy. Graham was chairman of the American Space Frontier Committee, the Coalition for", "id": "5770554" }, { "contents": "SpaceX\n\n\nhas one of the largest concentrations of aerospace headquarters, facilities, and/or subsidiaries in the U.S., including Boeing/McDonnell Douglas main satellite building campuses, Aerospace Corp., Raytheon, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Air Force Space Command's Space and Missile Systems Center at Los Angeles Air Force Base, Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems, Northrop Grumman, and AECOM, etc., with a large pool of aerospace engineers and recent college engineering graduates. SpaceX utilizes a high degree of vertical integration in the production of its rockets and rocket", "id": "10001424" }, { "contents": "William H. Gerstenmaier\n\n\n1980, Gerstenmaier moved to Houston, Texas, to work at the Johnson Space Center, researching propulsion related to the Space Shuttle, and was involved in the earliest phases of the International Space Station design. In 1984, he was a semi-finalist in the selection for NASA Astronaut Group 10. In 1988, he first served as manager of Space Shuttle Program Integration, and then went on to serve as head of the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle Operations Office. Following that, he became Director of Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom", "id": "13055214" }, { "contents": "Bruno Augenstein\n\n\nBruno Wilhelm Augenstein (March 16, 1923 – July 6, 2005) was a German-born mathematician and physicist who made important contributions in space technology, ballistic missile research, satellites, antimatter, and many other areas. Augenstein worked in the Aerophysics Laboratory at North American Aviation on diverse projects including weaponization of the V-2 rocket, a ramjet-powered vehicle that later became the Navajo missile. He entered RAND Corporation as a consultant and subcontractor in 1949. Initially at RAND he developed an interest in long range missiles. Augenstein", "id": "1664472" }, { "contents": "Robert R. Gilruth\n\n\nRobert Rowe Gilruth (October 8, 1913 – August 17, 2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. He worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics from 1937 to 1958 and its successor NASA, until his retirement in 1973. He was involved with early research into supersonic flight and rocket-powered aircraft, and then with the United States manned space program, including the Mercury, Gemini", "id": "19875506" } ]

[ { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nMaxwell White Hunter II (March 11, 1922 – November 10, 2001) was a prominent American aerospace engineer. He worked on the design of the Douglas B-42 and Douglas B-43 bombers, the Honest John, Nike-Ajax, and Nike-Zeus missiles, the Thor IRBM, and on parts of the Strategic Defense Initiative. In later years he worked on space-launch vehicles and was a proponent of Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) designs. He was honored in 1995 by the National Space Society", "id": "13829898" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvariety of projects including parts of the mammoth Strategic Defense Initiative. SDI gave him a chance at realizing a dream he had nurtured since the 1960s: the construction of a Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle. In 1984, Hunter proposed a vehicle he called the X-rocket, based on those earlier SSTO designs. The design was reviewed by LMSC's Astronautics Division (AD), which judged it worth pursuing, and by its Missile Systems Division (MSD), which did not. LMSC then", "id": "13829902" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\npayloads into Earth orbit today. After working for Douglas Aircraft from 1944 to 1961, Hunter joined the staff of the National Aeronautics and Space Council, a group that advised the U.S. president on space policy. Following several years in that position, he went back to the aerospace industry in 1965, spending over two decades with Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (LMSC). (LMSC was a division of Lockheed Corporation, which merged with Martin Marietta in 1995 to become Lockheed-Martin.) At LMSC, Hunter worked on a", "id": "13829901" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nspace systems. In this position he oversaw the production of military missiles including the Honest John artillery rocket, the Nike antiaircraft missile, and the Sparrow air-to-air missile. Douglas Aircraft began work on the Thor, an early Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM), in late 1955 and put Hunter in charge of that program. He assembled a small team of crack designers and brought the development to success in a short time. Thor became the basis of the McDonnell Douglas Delta rocket, whose descendants are still boosting", "id": "13829900" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nand High Frontier convinced SDI management and other national officials that a study should be initiated to determine once and for all the feasibility of SSTO vehicles for military missions. This led to a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) program to design a single-stage vehicle that could replace military satellites on short notice during a national emergency. This vehicle was known as the Delta Clipper. McDonnell Douglas Corporation was contracted to build and test fly a one-third-scale, suborbital testbed called the DC-X, or Delta Clipper", "id": "13829904" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvehicle tipped over at landing. Funding to make repairs and continue flight tests was not made available. Max Hunter continued to advise on space policy issues and advocate the building of SSTO vehicles for airline-like access to space, a goal he was sure could be attained. He chaired the Rules Committee for the Ansari X Prize, announced in 1996, a $10 million prize for the first reusable craft to reach space twice within two weeks without substantial refit. In October 2000, he agreed to serve as Chairman of the", "id": "13829906" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nExperimental. While not capable of spaceflight, the DC-X incorporated many of the technologies needed for an SSTO vehicle, including highly automated systems enabling a quick turnaround (just twenty-six hours) between launches. It made eight successful test flights between August 18, 1993, and July 7, 1995, and then was taken over by NASA and flown four times as the DC-XA between May 18 and July 31, 1996. It was damaged on its last flight when one landing strut failed to deploy and the", "id": "13829905" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nfor lifelong contributions to the technology of spaceflight. Maxwell Hunter was born in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania and graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in that state with a degree in physics and mathematics. In 1944, he earned a Master's Degree in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). After earning his MS from MIT, Hunter went to work for the Douglas Aircraft Company. He became their chief designer in aeronautics, working on modifications of the B-42 and B-43 bombers. Later he was promoted to chief engineer for", "id": "13829899" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\ndeclined to support further work on the X-rocket, and Hunter retired. As an independent consultant, he renamed the concept SSX (for Space Ship Experimental), and began to refine it. In December 1988 the ad hoc Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy was briefed on the concept by Hunter and others. The general concept was endorsed by the Council and by High Frontier, Inc., a Washington-based group headed by Lt. Gen. Daniel O. Graham that lobbied for SDI programs. Working together, Hunter", "id": "13829903" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nAdvisory Board for the Undersea Hotel Project of the Cala Corporation. He died at Stanford Hospital, Stanford, California on the evening of November 10, 2001 after a lingering illness. Max Hunter was Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Beta Pi, and a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), the American Astronautical Society (AAS), and the British Interplanetary Society (BIS). He was also a member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) and an honorary member of the Japanese Rocket Society", "id": "13829907" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nThe DC-X, short for Delta Clipper or Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed prototype of a reusable single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle built by McDonnell Douglas in conjunction with the United States Department of Defense's Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) from 1991 to 1993. Starting 1994 until 1995, testing continued through funding of the US civil space agency NASA. In 1996, the DC-X technology was completely transferred to NASA, which upgraded the design for improved performance to create the DC-XA", "id": "15420672" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nvehicles was prepared by Chrysler Corporation's Space Division in 1970–1971 under NASA contract NAS8-26341. Their proposal (Shuttle SERV) was an enormous vehicle with more than of payload, utilizing jet engines for (vertical) landing. While the technical problems seemed to be solvable, the USAF required a winged design that led to the Shuttle as we know it today. The uncrewed DC-X technology demonstrator, originally developed by McDonnell Douglas for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program office, was an attempt to build a vehicle", "id": "10328910" }, { "contents": "David Urie\n\n\nsystem before initiating and heading the Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) and X-33 Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Programs at Lockheed. Urie's work as the program manager for the previously classified Have Region project demonstrated that rocket-powered single-stage-to-orbit vehicles were technically feasible, which led to the Lockheed Martin SSTO design approach. As a Director of the Lockheed-Martin Skunk Works SSTO/RLV Advanced Technology Demonstration Program, Urie conceived and developed the aerospike rocket propelled lifting body that was selected by NASA as", "id": "20876395" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nearly stages of flight; and flight within Earth's atmosphere, which limits speed in the early stages of flight and influences engine performance. Additionally, the retirement of NASA's Shuttle launch vehicle has resulted in a substantial reduction in the cost to launch a kilogram of payload to either low Earth orbit or the International Space Station, removing the main projected advantage of the SSTO concept. Notable single stage to orbit concepts include Skylon, the DC-X, the Lockheed Martin X-33, and the Roton SSTO. However, despite showing", "id": "10328885" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nThe Lockheed Martin X-33 was an uncrewed, sub-scale technology demonstrator suborbital spaceplane developed in the 1990s under the U.S. government-funded Space Launch Initiative program. The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for the VentureStar orbital spaceplane, which was planned to be a next-generation, commercially operated reusable launch vehicle. The X-33 would flight-test a range of technologies that NASA believed it needed for single-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicles (SSTO RLVs), such as metallic thermal protection systems, composite cryogenic fuel tanks", "id": "9997267" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n. During the 1960s some of the first concept designs for this kind of craft began to emerge. One of the earliest SSTO concepts was the expendable One stage Orbital Space Truck (OOST) proposed by Philip Bono, an engineer for Douglas Aircraft Company. A reusable version named ROOST was also proposed. Another early SSTO concept was a reusable launch vehicle named NEXUS which was proposed by Krafft Arnold Ehricke in the early 1960s. It was one of the largest spacecraft ever conceptualized with a diameter of over 50 metres and the capability to", "id": "10328887" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n. According to writer Jerry Pournelle: \"DC-X was conceived in my living room and sold to National Space Council Chairman Dan Quayle by General Graham, Max Hunter and me.\" According to Max Hunter, however, he had tried hard to convince Lockheed Martin of the concept's value for several years before he retired. Hunter had written a paper in 1985 entitled \"The Opportunity\", detailing the concept of a Single-Stage-To-Orbit spacecraft built with low-cost \"off-the-shelf", "id": "15420673" }, { "contents": "Rob Meyerson\n\n\nInitiative contract with NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. Meyerson launched his career as an aerospace engineer at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) from 1985 to 1997 working on human spaceflight systems, including the aerodynamic design of the Space Shuttle orbiter drag parachute, as well as the overall design, integration, and flight test of a gliding parachute for the X-38 Crew Rescue Vehicle, a crew return vehicle designed to return astronauts to earth from the International Space Station. Meyerson began with NASA in 1985 as a cooperative education student at JSC", "id": "8603673" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nfor the X-33 was selected over competing concepts from Boeing and McDonnell Douglas. Boeing proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design, and McDonnell Douglas proposed a design based on its vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL) DC-XA test vehicle. The uncrewed X-33 was slated to fly 15 suborbital hops to near 75.8 km altitude. It was to be launched upright like a rocket and rather than having a straight flight path it would fly diagonally up for half the flight, reaching extremely high altitudes, and then for the rest of the", "id": "9997274" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nThe methodologies were later adopted as a standard by the Air Transport Association. He later joined the Thor missile project as the chief design engineer, and this introduced him to the world of space launchers. With new upper stages, Thor became the Delta, one of the most-used launchers in the 1960s. In spite of Thor's success, Hunter was dissatisfied with the state of the launcher market and later wrote that \"by the end of 1963 the state of recoverable rockets was terrible.\" He was convinced that as", "id": "7750830" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nit the DC-X for Delta Clipper Experimental. The name honored the firm's successful Thor/Delta rocket and recalled the famous 19th-century commercial clipper ships. The McDonnell Douglas SSTO team saw the Delta Clipper as opening the \"space trade routes in the same way that the Yankee Clipper ships opened the sea trade routes.\" The needs of the commercial launch industry thus were integral to the thinking of the McDonnell Douglas DC-X team. General Graham envisioned the DC-X as the perfect inexpensive launch and delivery", "id": "5770549" }, { "contents": "George Huebner\n\n\nproduce intercontinental ballistic missiles. Huebner was named executive engineer in charge of Chrysler's Missile Branch. At the time he was serving as executive engineer of research for Chrysler in their automotive division. He developed a complete research and development missile facility that included engineering, testing, and production of the Redstone rocket. These rockets ultimately launched into orbit the first U.S. satellites and the first manned space flights. Huebner worked closely with Wernher von Braun on the space program. For two years he worked on this rocket project and then went back", "id": "15004097" }, { "contents": "Reusable launch system\n\n\nthe McDonnell Douglas Delta Clipper VTOL SSTO proposal progressed to the testing phase. The DC-X prototype demonstrated rapid turnaround time and automatic computer control. In mid-1990, British research evolved an earlier HOTOL design into the far more promising Skylon design, which remains in development. From the commercial side, Rocketplane Kistler and Rotary Rocket attempted to build reusable privately developed rockets before going bankrupt. NASA proposed risky reusable concepts to replace the Shuttle technology, to be demonstrated under the X-33 and X-34 programs, which were both cancelled in the early", "id": "19421229" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\na number of SSTO advocates to reconsider hydrogen as a satisfactory fuel. The late Max Hunter, while employing hydrogen fuel in the DC-X, often said that he thought the first successful orbital SSTO would more likely be fueled by propane. Some SSTO concepts use the same engine for all altitudes, which is a problem for traditional engines with a bell-shaped nozzle. Depending on the atmospheric pressure, different bell shapes are optimal. Engines operating in the lower atmosphere have shorter bells than those designed to work in vacuum.", "id": "10328899" }, { "contents": "George Mueller (NASA)\n\n\ndesigns ranged from 'simple' concepts like Martin Marietta's six person reusable craft similar to the Dyna-Soar (launched by a Titan III-M), to partially reusable concepts like Lockheed's Star Clipper or Tip Tank from McDonnell Douglas, to fully reusable two-stage vehicles like the one proposed by General Dynamics. Following this symposium Mueller continued to champion a \"space shuttle\". He did not invent the term, but he made it his own. He was also a keen proponent of space stations and was", "id": "16249187" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nIn October 2000, Beal Aerospace ceased operations citing a decision by NASA and the Department of Defense to commit themselves to the development of the competing government-financed EELV program. In 1998 Rotary Rocket proposed the Roton, a Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) piloted Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) space transport. A full scale Roton Atmospheric Test Vehicle flew three times in 1999. After spending tens of millions of dollars in development the Roton failed to secure launch contracts and Rotary Rocket ceased operations in 2001. On", "id": "288621" }, { "contents": "List of human spaceflight programs\n\n\ncommissioned by the Russian Aerospace Agency since 1993. The Kankoh-maru (観光丸? Kankōmaru) is the name of a proposed vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL), single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), reusable launch system (rocket-powered spacecraft). The Ansari X Prize was a space competition in which the X Prize Foundation offered a US$10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable crewed spacecraft into space twice within two weeks. Twenty-six teams from around the world", "id": "19978394" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nby 2016, and some space ventures have had to turn away investor funding. After earlier first effort of OTRAG, in the 1990s the projection of a significant demand for communications satellite launches attracted the development of a number of commercial space launch providers. The launch demand largely vanished when some of the largest satellite constellations, such as 288 satellite Teledesic network, were never built. In 1996 NASA selected Lockheed Martin Skunk Works to build the X-33 VentureStar prototype for a single stage to orbit (SSTO) reusable launch vehicle. In 1999", "id": "288619" }, { "contents": "James Smith McDonnell\n\n\nMcDonnell Aircraft Corporation in 1939. Headquartered in St. Louis, the company quickly grew into a principal supplier of fighter aircraft to the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy, including the F-4 Phantom II fighter and the Mercury and Gemini space capsules. In 1967, McDonnell Aircraft merged with the Douglas Aircraft Company to create McDonnell Douglas. Later that year Douglas Aircraft Company's space and missiles division became part of a new subsidiary called McDonnell Douglas Astronautics, located in Huntington Beach, California, producing the Delta series of launch vehicles. The new", "id": "21028393" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\ndeath, the first launch vehicle based on his designs, the McDonnell Douglas DC-X (Delta Clipper) began a largely successful series of test flights. The DC-X was a vertical-takeoff and vertical landing vehicle. The series of test flights began on 18 August 1993 and continued until the upgraded version of the launch vehicle (renamed the DC-XA) tipped over on landing on July 31, 1996. Among Bono's visionary designs was a 1960 Boeing design for a manned Mars spacecraft capable of carrying a", "id": "3522773" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\neight Block II satellites for flights on the new Delta II expendable Medium Launch Vehicle in lieu of the Space Shuttle. Space Division awarded the Medium Launch Vehicle (MLV) contract to McDonnell-Douglas Astronautics Company on 21 January 1987. However, unlike earlier commercial arrangements, the company would no longer be under contract to NASA. Under the new Commercial Expendable Launch Vehicle program encouraged by president Ronald Reagan since 1983, McDonnell-Douglas would be responsible for producing, marketing and launching its commercial Delta IIs. The Air Force would be", "id": "19923501" }, { "contents": "Mel Hunter\n\n\nfor the years 1960-1962. As Hunter's science fiction career blossomed, so did his technical and scientific illustrations. Hunter's love of air and space took him from California's desert runways to Florida's seacoast launchpads to illustrate every variety of jet-age aircraft and space-age rocket imaginable—from X-15 to Saturn V. One of Hunter's best-known books is \"The Missilemen\", a photo illustrated work published in 1960 by Doubleday. Hunter visited U.S. rocket and missile sites during the late 1950s; he", "id": "20560131" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\na single-stage-to-orbit vehicle. Five companies expressed interest and proposed concepts. Three (LM, Rockwell and McDonnell Douglas) were selected for workup into more detailed proposals. Rockwell proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design. It would have used one Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) and two RL-10-5A engines. In a subsequent full-scale system to reach orbit Rockwell planned to use six Rocketdyne RS-2100 engines. McDonnell Douglas featured a design using liquid oxygen/hydrogen bell engines based on its vertical takeoff", "id": "9997282" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\nresearch ways to make more efficient use of the wing surface during high-speed maneuvers. The Directorate is also a collaborator with DARPA, the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Sandia National Laboratories and AFRL's Space Vehicles Directorate on the FALCON program, which includes the HTV-3X Blackswift hypersonic flight demonstration vehicle. The Air Vehicles Directorate also collaborated with NASA and Boeing on the initial work for the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle and the 80% scaled version, X-40A Space Maneuver Vehicle, prior to the classification of the program and", "id": "1842734" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nparts for re-use. After landing the vehicle would be refit, mated with another tank, and be ready for another mission. Hunter moved to Lockheed in the fall of 1965. On his first day he was asked if there was anything Lockheed should be looking at, and he immediately suggested development of his stage-and-a-half design. His suggestions caught the ear of Eugene Root, president of Lockheed Missiles and Space, who gave him the go-ahead to study what became known as the Star", "id": "7750834" }, { "contents": "PGM-17 Thor\n\n\ndeployment as a missile a few years after deployment, the Thor rocket found widespread use as a space launch vehicle. It was the first in a large family of space launch vehicles—the Delta rockets. The last remaining descendant of the Thor, the Delta II, was retired in 2018, and the Delta IV is based on entirely new technology, unlike the Delta II. see Project Emily Stations and Squadrons Family: Thor IRBM, Thor DM-18 (single stage LV); Thor DM-19 (rocket 1st stage), Thor", "id": "15220989" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthree of its four landing pads deployed, which caused it to tip over on its side and explode. The project has not been continued since. From 1999 to 2001 Rotary Rocket attempted to build a SSTO vehicle called the Roton. It received a large amount of media attention and a working sub-scale prototype was completed, but the design was largely impractical. There have been various approaches to SSTO, including pure rockets that are launched and land vertically, air-breathing scramjet-powered vehicles that are launched and land horizontally", "id": "10328891" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\n. The facilities for testing rockets are frequently used for testing new rocket engines including the RS-68 rocket engine developed for use on the Delta IV launch vehicle. The space propulsion area also develops technologies for use in satellites on-orbit to alter their orbits. An AFRL-developed experimental Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) arcjet was flown on the ARGOS satellite in 1999 as part of the Air Force Space Test Program. The Directorate currently manages the X-51A program, which is developing a scramjet demonstration vehicle. The X-51 program is working", "id": "1842749" }, { "contents": "Laurel van der Wal\n\n\nhonors. Her graduate education was funded in part by a National Research Council fellowship to study aeronautics in Stockholm, Sweden. As a young engineer van der Wal worked at Douglas Aircraft as a data analyst on the Nike missile program, and later designing missile systems for the Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation. Starting in 1958, she was the project engineer on three MIA (Mouse-in-Able) launches from Cape Canaveral, as head of bioastronautics at Space Technology Laboratories. She was named the \"Los Angeles Times\"'s \"", "id": "12236594" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nThe National Launch System (or New Launch System) was a study authorized in 1991 by President George H. W. Bush to outline alternatives to the Space Shuttle for access to Earth orbit. Shortly thereafter, NASA asked Lockheed Missiles and Space, McDonnell Douglas, and TRW to perform a ten-month study. A series of launch vehicles was proposed, based around the proposed Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) liquid-fuel rocket engine. The STME was to be a simplified, expendable version of the Space Shuttle main engine (", "id": "11086741" }, { "contents": "Michael R. Clifford\n\n\nfrom the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and was designated an experimental test pilot. In December 1995, Clifford retired from the army. As a military officer, Clifford was assigned to the Johnson Space Center in July 1987. As a Space Shuttle Vehicle Integration engineer, his duties involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle Program. He was involved in design certification and integration of the Shuttle Crew Escape System, and was an executive board member of the Solid Rocket Booster Postflight Assessment Team. Selected as an astronaut", "id": "18151051" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n. In the Shuttle development effort he led a team working on vehicle aerodynamics and the main engines, which included developing full-scale component tests and scaling methodologies, and applying computational fluid dynamics to overcome a wide range of aerothermochemistry problems. He was Chief of the Aerophysics Division at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center until 1992, when he became Chief Aerodynamicist at the NASA Center. He was awarded the AIAA Aerodynamics Award in 1997 for his exceptional lifetime contributions to the aerodynamic design and analysis of strategic missiles and manned/unmanned launch", "id": "21371187" }, { "contents": "Robert A. Heinlein\n\n\noften in his fiction, as do fictitious strikable self-lighting cigarettes. In 1980 Robert Heinlein was a member of the Citizens Advisory Council on National Space Policy, chaired by Jerry Pournelle, which met at the home of SF writer Larry Niven to write space policy papers for the incoming Reagan Administration. Members included such aerospace industry leaders as former astronaut Buzz Aldrin, General Daniel O. Graham, aerospace engineer Max Hunter and North American Rockwell VP for Space Shuttle development George Merrick. Policy recommendations from the Council included ballistic missile defense concepts", "id": "5599733" }, { "contents": "Wernher von Braun\n\n\nUnited States, along with about 1,600 other German scientists, engineers, and technicians, as part of Operation Paperclip. He worked for the United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) program, and he developed the rockets that launched the United States' first space satellite Explorer 1. His group was assimilated into NASA, where he served as director of the newly formed Marshall Space Flight Center and as the chief architect of the Saturn V super heavy-lift launch vehicle that propelled the Apollo spacecraft to the", "id": "15033628" }, { "contents": "Jarvis (rocket)\n\n\nJarvis was a proposed American medium-lift launch vehicle for space launch, designed by Hughes Aircraft and Boeing during the mid-1980s as part of the joint United States Air Force (USAF)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Launch System (ALS) study. Intended to utilize engines and tooling in storage from the Saturn V rocket program along with Space Shuttle components, and projected to be capable of carrying up to six satellites into multiple orbits using a single launch (e.g. GPS constellation), the proposal failed to meet the ALS", "id": "15822979" }, { "contents": "Robert F. Overmyer\n\n\nMarch 1988, he joined the Space Station Team at McDonnell Douglas Aerospace, where he led crew and operations activities for seven years. He retired from McDonnell Douglas in April 1995 and expanded the scope of Mach Twenty Five International, continuing his aerospace consultation work as well as speaking engagements and writing. Overmyer continued his career as a general aviation test pilot. Having former experience with aeronautical testing at both U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School and NASA, he joined Minnesota-based aircraft manufacturer Cirrus Design (now called Cirrus Aircraft) as", "id": "19963429" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n, nuclear-powered vehicles, and even jet-engine-powered vehicles that can fly into orbit and return landing like an airliner, completely intact. For rocket-powered SSTO, the main challenge is achieving a high enough mass-ratio to carry sufficient propellant to achieve orbit, plus a meaningful payload weight. One possibility is to give the rocket an initial speed with a space gun, as planned in the Quicklaunch project. For air-breathing SSTO, the main challenge is system complexity and associated research and development costs", "id": "10328892" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfuel for increasing efficiency once in space. Further examples of Bono's early concepts (prior to the 1990s) which were never constructed include: Around 1985 the NASP project was intended to launch a scramjet vehicle into orbit, but funding was stopped and the project cancelled. At around the same time, the HOTOL tried to use precooled jet engine technology, but failed to show significant advantages over rocket technology. The DC-X, short for Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed one-third scale vertical takeoff and landing demonstrator", "id": "10328889" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nShuttle design. The detailed study of the cost advantages of the drop tank design demonstrated a dramatic reduction in development risk, and as a result, development costs. When funding for STS development was cut, the drop tank was taken up as a way to meet the developmental budgets, leading to the semi-reusable Space Shuttle design. Maxwell Hunter was working at Douglas Aircraft where he formalized the calculation of aircraft operation economics. His methodologies were first published in 1940, and were later applied to the Douglas DC-6 and DC-7.", "id": "7750829" }, { "contents": "Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle\n\n\nThe Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle, designed for NASA's Project Mercury, was the first American crewed space booster. It was used for six sub-orbital Mercury flights from 1960–61; culminating with the launch of the first, and 11 weeks later, the second American (and the second and third humans) in space. The four subsequent Mercury human spaceflights used the more powerful Atlas booster to enter low Earth orbit. A member of the Redstone rocket family, it was derived from the U.S. Army's Redstone ballistic missile and", "id": "11828011" }, { "contents": "British Aerospace HOTOL\n\n\nspace launch system. In 1982, British Aerospace (BAe), which was Europe's principal satellite-builder, began studying a prospective new launch system with the aim of providing launch costs that were 20 per cent of the American Space Shuttle operated by NASA. BAe became aware of work by British engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce on a suitable engine, and soon conceived of an unmanned, fully reuseable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) winged spaceplane as a launch vehicle. Thus, the project had soon became", "id": "14493503" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\nrole in the civilian NASA Project Mercury, Project Gemini and Project Apollo manned space programs along with military Space Shuttle flights. The mission of the unit today is performed by the 45th Space Wing (no direct lineage). Activated in December 1950, replacing 550th Guided Missiles Wing. the 6555th had a distinguished career launching and/or managing ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and payloads for the Ballistic Systems Division, the Space Systems Division and the Space & Missile Systems Organization. As a Wing or a Group, the 6555th earned ten Air", "id": "19923442" }, { "contents": "William H. Dana\n\n\ncontributions to the lifting body program, Dana received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal. In 1976 he received the Haley Space Flight Award from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) for his research work on the M2-F3 lifting body control systems. A member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Dana is the author of several technical papers. In 1993, he was inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Honor. During the X-15 program, eight pilots flew above 264,000 feet or 50 miles, thereby qualifying as astronauts according to", "id": "8766846" }, { "contents": "USAF Hunter-Killer\n\n\nHunter-Killer is an unofficial project name based upon an \"Aviation Week & Space Technology\" article. The U.S. Air Force's Hunter-Killer program was a tactical unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV) procurement program. The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, a variant of the MQ-1 Predator won the project and was deployed in Afghanistan. This is the U.S. Air Force program for which several companies have developed vehicles. Although the J-UCAS concept is a long way from the early idea of a \"reusable cruise missile\",", "id": "18825446" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nlong as launchers were thrown away, access to space would never be affordable. Several companies had already completed early feasibility studies of fully reusable spacecraft, like the Martin Marietta Astrorocket and Douglas Astro. The designs used two flyback stages, one of which flew back to the launch point, while the other flew into orbit and landed after its mission. Hunter thought that any such design was tantamount to making two aircraft to do the job of one, and it was only the upper stage that was of any real use. By", "id": "7750831" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\ndirector of the CIA under Director William Colby and from 1974–1976 he was the director of the DIA. Ronald Reagan called upon General Graham to be his military advisor for his 1976 and 1980 campaigns. General Graham is a member of the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame. In later years, Graham devoted a lot of time to the research and development of Single-Stage To Orbit (SSTO) spacecraft in conjunction with NASA. McDonnell Douglas was awarded a contract to build an SSTO test vehicle on August 16, 1991, and named", "id": "5770548" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nBased on its experience working with Minuteman assets, Space Vector was tasked by Lockheed in 1980 to help develop the Homing Overlay Experiment (HOE) booster for the U.S. Army which would go on to become the first successful hit-to-kill intercept of a mock ballistic missile warhead outside the Earth’s atmosphere. This technology was later used by the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and expanded into the Exoatmospheric Reentry-vehicle Interception System (ERIS) program. In 1982 Space Vector was tapped by Space Services Inc. of America (", "id": "7487030" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nPhilip Bono (13 January 1921 – 23 May 1993) was a Douglas Aircraft Company engineer. He was a pioneer of reusable vertical landing single-stage to orbit launch vehicles. As a visionary designer, he is credited with inventing the first version of a recoverable single-stage spacecraft booster, and his contributions influenced spacecraft design. Bono pursued single-stage space launch as simpler and cheaper. He realized to do this he would need to use high specific impulse liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engines. Afterwards he proposed to", "id": "3522770" }, { "contents": "Vance D. Coffman\n\n\nin Aerospace Engineering of Iowa State University (ISU). Coffman had three brothers, all of which studied at ISU within the engineering and science departments. Coffman has Master's and Doctorate graduate in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University. In 1967, Coffman joined Lockheed Martin Corporation's Space Systems Division, working on the development of space programs and data processing systems for the corporation. By 1988 he was president of the Space Systems Division. He directed the Hubble Space Telescope project for Lockheed. By 1998 he was the chairman and", "id": "11284872" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n\" commercial parts and currently-available technology, but Lockheed Martin was not interested enough to fund such a program themselves. On February 15, 1989, Pournelle, Graham and Hunter were able to procure a meeting with Vice-President Dan Quayle. They \"sold\" the idea to SDIO by noting that any space-based weapons system would need to be serviced by a spacecraft that was far more reliable than the Space Shuttle, and offer lower launch costs and have much better turnaround times. Given the uncertainties of the design", "id": "15420674" }, { "contents": "Abdul Majid (physicist)\n\n\nand joined Pakistan's Space Program as a researcher in astrophysics and aeronautical labs. Majid worked under the supervision of noted Pakistani-Polish military scientist and aeronautical engineer, Air Commodore W. J. M. Turowicz, in the field of Rocket Technology and published numerous research papers. He is credited for the design and developed the Hypersonic Rocket Launch Vehicle or Hatf Missiles Series during his stay at SUPARCO. In 1983, Dr Majid was put in-charge of Satellite Development Program of Pakistan. He is widely credited for the indigenous development and launching", "id": "14780917" }, { "contents": "Martin Knutson\n\n\n's aging fleet of F-104 support aircraft with F/A-18 Hornets. He also provided leadership for numerous flight research projects including the X-29 forward-swept-wing technology demonstrator; the Controlled Impact Demonstration, the F-15 Digital Electronic Engine Control project that integrated propulsion and flight controls, the Pegasus air-launched rocket for placing small payloads into low-Earth orbit; the CV-990 Landing Systems Research aircraft that tested improved braking systems for the space shuttle; and the F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle. After the Air Force announced the impending retirement", "id": "2519508" }, { "contents": "Pioneer Rocketplane\n\n\nMissile Range Officers’ Club on May 12, 1993. The original concept was developed by then Air Force Captain Mitchell Burnside Clapp, who envisioned an aerial refueled, rocket-powered single-stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicle using jet fuel and hydrogen peroxide. This concept seemed a natural match for the Air Force's TransAtmospheric Vehicle (TAV) mission and studies began at the USAF Phillips Laboratory. Aerospace engineering legend Burt Rutan and noted aircraft designer Dan Raymer contributed input to the development of the design. During the winter of", "id": "17524030" }, { "contents": "Thor (rocket family)\n\n\nThor was a US space launch vehicle derived from the PGM-17 Thor intermediate-range ballistic missile. The Thor rocket was the first member of the Delta rocket family of space launch vehicles. The last launch of a direct derivative of the Thor missile occurred in 2018 as the first stage of the final Delta II. Thor was first used as a launch vehicle during the testing program of the warhead reentry vehicle for the Atlas missile. For these three tests a Thor core stage was topped by the Able second stage. Able used the", "id": "21158637" }, { "contents": "Boeing X-37\n\n\nThe Boeing X-37, also known as the Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), is a reusable robotic spacecraft. It is boosted into space by a launch vehicle, then re-enters Earth's atmosphere and lands as a spaceplane. The X-37 is operated by the United States Air Force for orbital spaceflight missions intended to demonstrate reusable space technologies. It is a 120%-scaled derivative of the earlier Boeing X-40. The X-37 began as a NASA project in 1999, before being transferred to the U.S. Department of Defense in 2004. Its first", "id": "12510871" }, { "contents": "LGM-25C Titan II\n\n\nThe Titan II was an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and space launcher developed by the Glenn L. Martin Company from the earlier Titan I missile. Titan II was originally designed and used as an ICBM, but was later adapted as a medium-lift space launch vehicle to carry payloads to Earth orbit for the United States Air Force (USAF), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Those payloads included the USAF Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), NOAA weather", "id": "10861471" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\non the X-33 experience shared with NASA, Lockheed Martin hoped to make the business case for a full-scale SSTO RLV, called VentureStar, that would be developed and operated through commercial means. The intention was that rather than operate space transport systems as it has with the Space Shuttle, NASA would instead look to private industry to operate the reusable launch vehicle and NASA would purchase launch services from the commercial launch provider. Thus, the X-33 was not only about honing space flight technologies, but also about successfully demonstrating the technology", "id": "9997276" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nmake these vehicles reusable. From his ROOST design onwards Bono advocated space launch vehicles without wings, usually using rocket assisted vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL). According to his estimates, wings consisted mostly of dead weight that decreased launch payload mass. He patented a reusable plug nozzle rocket engine which had dual use as a heat shield for atmospheric reentry. His early 1960s concepts influenced later designs like the 1990s Delta Clipper, also from Douglas. Philip Bono was born in Brooklyn, New York on 13 January 1921. He graduated", "id": "3522771" }, { "contents": "Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment\n\n\nof new space services and other activities that would improve U.S. economic competitiveness. The program implemented the National Space Transportation Policy, which is designed to accelerate the development of new launch technologies and concepts to contribute to the continuing commercialization of the national space launch industry. Both the X-33 and the smaller X-34 technology testbed demonstrator were under the Space Transportation Program Offices at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. The air-launched, winged X-34 also was to demonstrate technologies applicable to future-generation reusable launch vehicles designed to dramatically", "id": "20761669" }, { "contents": "Adolf Thiel\n\n\nfor the Thor ballistic missile, which became a first-stage launch for the Explorer spacecraft. He was director of space projects for TRW when it developed Explorer VI and Pioneer V, two of the earliest US craft to explore interplanetary space. He oversaw all of TRW's space programs during the 1970s. After his retirement in 1980 as a senior vice president, Thiel served as an executive consultant to TRW and on NASA planning groups. He was named a fellow of the American Astronautical Society in 1968. He married Frances Thiel", "id": "11277096" }, { "contents": "BAC Mustard\n\n\nin other space programmes, such as the American Space Shuttle. Mustard was a modular re-usable space launch system, comprising multiple copies of a single vehicle design, each of which was configured for a different role as a booster stage or an orbital spaceplane. The core vehicle design resembled the basic layout of the Douglas Astro, both being delta-winged reusable vehicles, as would the later American Space Shuttle. Furthermore, all three functioned as vertically-launched rockets and used integral wings so that they could land horizontally,", "id": "11296482" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nSSIA) to fabricate and launch the Conestoga I off Matagorda Island, Texas which became the first privately funded rocket to reach space. In 1992 Space Vector teamed with Coleman Research Corporation (now a division of L-3 Communications) and Aerotherm to provide the Army Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC) with 25 Hera target vehicles to support testing of THAAD and Patriot PAC-3 anti-ballistic missile systems. Space Vector went on to earn the distinction in 1997 as the first company to air launch a minuteman based target vehicle. The single", "id": "7487031" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n-range ballistic missile and the large Saturn I booster rocket. Following the Russian Sputnik launch, in July 1960 he moved with other von Braun rocket scientists from the Army Ballistic Missile Agency to the newly founded NASA. There, as part of the Apollo moon-landing program, he made major contributions working on the Saturn V booster rocket, on aerothermodynamics, and on liquid hydrogen propellant systems. He subsequently was involved in numerous projects contributing to the nation's manned and unmanned space flight programs, especially Skylab and the Space Shuttle", "id": "21371186" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nthe NLS-1 core stage. The NLS program did not venture beyond the planning stages and did not survive the Presidency of Bill Clinton, which started in January 1993. In 1992, Daniel Goldin was selected to replace Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly as NASA administrator. Goldin championed the motto, \"faster, better, cheaper,\" which may not have fit the ambitious NLS vision. A NASA history from 1998 says that reusable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) rockets and space planes such as the McDonnell Douglas DC", "id": "11086743" }, { "contents": "Gary Hudson (engineer)\n\n\nGary Hudson has been involved in private spaceflight development for over 40 years. Hudson is best known as the founder of Rotary Rocket Company, which in spending ~$30 Million attempted to build a unique single stage to orbit launch vehicle known as the Roton. Rotary Rocket built a landing test simulator (the Roton ATV) which flew three successful test flights in 1999. He also helped found Transformational Space T/Space in 2004. He also helped found AirLaunch LLC which was awarded the DARPA/USAF FALCON project in 2003. Previous projects", "id": "10746924" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nof Space Shuttle Columbia touched down on Rogers Dry Lakebed, with Astronauts John Young and Robert Crippin successfully landing the first orbiting space vehicle ever to leave the Earth under rocket power and return to Earth aerodynamically for re-use. The \"Flying Wing\" returned to Edwards in the late 1980s when the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber began testing, and at a remote site, the F-117A Nighthawk stealth fighter. Air-Launched Cruise Missile, and LANTIRN systems were also tested during the 1980s. The 1990s saw the arrival of the Lockheed", "id": "14946576" }, { "contents": "Jerry Pournelle\n\n\nof making recommendation to the US Air Force on investment in technologies required to build the missile force to be deployed in 1975. After Project 75 was completed Pournelle became manager of several advanced concept studies. At North American Rockwell’s Space Division, Pournelle was associate director of operations research, where he took part in the Apollo program and general operations. He was founding President of the Pepperdine Research Institute. In 1989, Pournelle, Max Hunter, and retired Army Lieutenant General Daniel O. Graham made a presentation to then Vice President Dan", "id": "16491387" }, { "contents": "United States Air Force Plant 42\n\n\nby McDonnell Douglas, St. Louis, Missouri, and transported by aircraft to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. They were also transported by aircraft from Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility to the Kennedy Space Center. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration had been paying the Air Force for use of Plant 42 facilities for the shuttle work. NASA decided in February 2002 to shift space shuttle overhaul and modification work from Palmdale to Florida. Current projects include design, engineering, pre-production, production, modification, flight testing, servicing and repair", "id": "9173070" }, { "contents": "William C. Schwartz\n\n\nspace vehicles and orbital calculations. He was a member of the founding group within NAA involved with the development of space vehicles and which developed the Apollo program. In the early 1960s, he moved to The Martin Company (later Martin Marietta and now Lockheed Martin), where he managed three departments, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Human Factors for the missile developer. It was during this period that he became involved in laser research and development. Shortly after the invention of the laser in 1960, Martin recognized its potential in", "id": "13650865" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthat could lead to an SSTO vehicle. The one-third-size test craft was operated and maintained by a small team of three people based out of a trailer, and the craft was once relaunched less than 24 hours after landing. Although the test program was not without mishap (including a minor explosion), the DC-X demonstrated that the maintenance aspects of the concept were sound. That project was cancelled when it landed with three of four legs deployed, tipped over, and exploded on the fourth flight after", "id": "10328911" }, { "contents": "Marti Sarigul-Klijn\n\n\nDr. Marti Sarigul-Klijn is an expert at rapidly designing, fabricating, and test flying proof-of-concept prototypes. He holds a Ph.D. in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and is a graduate of the United States Naval Test Pilot School and the United States Naval Academy. After completing twenty years in the Navy with the final rank of Commander, he has since worked on over 20 design proposals that include aircraft, UAV's, rocket propulsion, and space launch vehicles. Seven of these proposals continued to", "id": "11065599" }, { "contents": "Jerauld R. Gentry\n\n\nJerauld Richard \"Jerry\" Gentry (May 16, 1935 – March 3, 2003) was a United States Air Force (USAF) test pilot and Vietnam combat veteran. As chief USAF pilot of the Lifting Body Research Program, he helped validate the concept of flying a wingless vehicle back to Earth from space and landing it like an aircraft—an approach used by the Space Shuttle and to a greater degree by vehicles such as the Lockheed Martin X-33 and NASA X-38. Gentry completed thirty lifting body flights including the first flight", "id": "21488944" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nlifting body shape, composite multi-lobed liquid fuel tanks, and the aerospike engine, NASA and Lockheed Martin hoped to test fly a craft that would demonstrate the viability of a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) design. A spacecraft capable of reaching orbit in a single stage would not require external fuel tanks or boosters to reach low Earth orbit. Doing away with the need for \"staging\" with launch vehicles, such as with the Shuttle and the Apollo rockets, would lead to an inherently more reliable", "id": "9997271" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfor a proposed SSTO. It is one of only a few prototype SSTO vehicles ever built. Several other prototypes were intended, including the DC-X2 (a half-scale prototype) and the DC-Y, a full-scale vehicle which would be capable of single stage insertion into orbit. Neither of these were built, but the project was taken over by NASA in 1995, and they built the DC-XA, an upgraded one-third scale prototype. This vehicle was lost when it landed with only", "id": "10328890" }, { "contents": "Landing gear\n\n\ne.g., the Space Shuttle, or the USAF X-37), landing gear have been largely absent from orbital vehicles during the early decades since the advent of spaceflight technology, when orbital space transport has been the exclusive preserve of national-monopoly governmental space programs. Each spaceflight system to date has relied on expendable boosters to begin each ascent to orbital velocity. Recent advances in private space transport, where new competition to governmental space initiatives has emerged, have included the explicit design of landing gear into orbital booster rockets. SpaceX has initiated", "id": "10876701" }, { "contents": "Eric Boe\n\n\ninvolves work with displays and controls for future space vehicles. He made his first trip to space as pilot of during STS-126 on November 14, 2008. Boe flew his second space flight as pilot on STS-133, the final scheduled flight of the Space Shuttle \"Discovery\" and the third-to-last flight of the Space Shuttle program. In August 2012, Boe was named Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office. In July 2015, NASA announced Boe as one of the first astronauts for U.S. Commercial spaceflights. Subsequently, he", "id": "14264618" }, { "contents": "Melvin B. Zisfein\n\n\nMelvin B. Zisfein (1926-1995) was an aircraft designer and a Deputy Director of the U.S. National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC. Zisfein graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with degrees in aeronautical engineering (B.S. 1948; M.S. 1948) and worked as a designer, aerodynamicist, and manager for aircraft companies from then until 1966. He was associate director of the Franklin Institute Research Laboratories from 1966 to 1971. From 1971 to 1982 he served as the deputy director of the National Air and Space Museum,", "id": "1801139" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nselected from the Air Force's test pilot cadre. Additionally, the AFTC assisted with the testing of rocket engines and re-entry vehicles. Along with the X-15, pilots at Edwards were expanding the frontiers of atmospheric flight, testing the XB-70 Valkyrie high-altitude bomber, along with the YF-12 interceptor for Air Defense Command and the SR-71 Blackbird Strategic Reconnaissance aircraft for Strategic Air Command. With the decline of the military manned space mission after the NASA Lunar Landing Program ended, the Aerospace Research Pilot School was once again re-", "id": "14946574" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nDC-X were hired by Blue Origin, and their New Shepard vehicle was inspired by the DC-X design. Blue Origin does not require the high cross range capabilities, and therefore uses a base-first re-entry profile. Also, the DC-X provided inspiration for many elements of Armadillo Aerospace's, Masten Space Systems's, and TGV Rockets's spacecraft designs. Some NASA engineers believe that the DC-X could provide a solution for a crewed Mars lander. Had a DC-type craft been", "id": "15420693" }, { "contents": "Rockwell X-30\n\n\nThe Rockwell X-30 was an advanced technology demonstrator project for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP), part of a United States project to create a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spacecraft and passenger spaceliner. It was cancelled in the early 1990s before a prototype was completed, although much development work in advanced materials and aerospace design was completed. While a goal of a future NASP was a passenger liner capable of two-hour flights from Washington to Tokyo, the X-30 was planned for a crew of", "id": "16588465" }, { "contents": "SpaceDev\n\n\nSpaceDev, a part of the \"Space Systems Business\" of Sierra Nevada Corporation, is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work. It designed and built components for the hybrid rocket motors for Paul Allen's Tier One suborbital SpaceShipOne space program operated by Scaled Composites. It is also developing micro- and nano-satellites, a small expendable launch vehicle, the SpaceDev Streaker, and has designed a piloted suborbital and orbital spaceship of its own, the SpaceDev Dream Chaser, in collaboration with NASA. SpaceDev is based near San Diego in", "id": "16321029" }, { "contents": "Glenn L. Martin Company\n\n\nby the American space program as one of its first satellite booster rockets as part of Project Vanguard. The Vanguard was the first American space exploration rocket designed from scratch to be an orbital launch vehicle — rather than being a modified sounding rocket (like the Juno I) or a ballistic missile (like the U.S. Army's Redstone missile). Martin also designed and manufactured the huge and heavily armed Titan I and LGM-25C Titan II Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). Martin Company of Orlando, Florida, was the prime contractor for", "id": "10667744" }, { "contents": "Shuttlecraft (Star Trek)\n\n\nplanetary surface and space. Wernher Von Braun in the 1950s conceived of a reusable winged spacecraft as a ferry rocket. Plans for such vehicles were referred to as \"DC-3\" by spacecraft designer Maxime Faget and Integrated Launch and Reentry Vehicle (ILRV) by NASA. During the late 1960s, while \"\" was being broadcast, these concepts became known as Space Shuttle. In a speech given to the British Interplanetary Society in August 1968 George Mueller, head of the NASA Office of Manned Space Flight, mentioned the need for a", "id": "13203374" }, { "contents": "The Aerospace Corporation\n\n\n. Gen. Bernard A. Schriever announced the \"formation of a new nonprofit organization, The Aerospace Corporation, to serve the Air Force in the scientific and technical planning and management of missile-space programs.\" Among the earliest projects it supported were the Dyna-Soar orbital spaceplane, Project Mercury, and the man-rating of the Atlas (rocket) intercontinental ballistic missile. The Aerospace Corporation provided general systems engineering and technical direction for the Titan II missile, first tested in 1962, which became the launch vehicle for Project Gemini", "id": "15141218" }, { "contents": "Timothy Creamer\n\n\nPrior to his astronaut selection in 1998, he had been working as a space operations officer, with the Army Space Command, stationed in Houston, Texas. He is now the Army’s NASA Detachment commander. Creamer was assigned to NASA at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in July 1995 as a Space Shuttle vehicle integration test engineer. His duties primarily involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle. He was actively involved in the integrated tests of the systems for each Orbiter for its preparations for its", "id": "7264360" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nof the rocket, the Clipper Graham soared into the skies over the old White Sands Missile Range to a height of 3,120 meters (10,300 ft) and stayed in the air for over two minutes before landing. That flight was the highest and longest the vehicle had ever flown until then. Robert A. Heinlein dedicated his 1985 novel The Cat Who Walks Through Walls to Graham and eight of the other members of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy. Graham was chairman of the American Space Frontier Committee, the Coalition for", "id": "5770554" }, { "contents": "SpaceX\n\n\nhas one of the largest concentrations of aerospace headquarters, facilities, and/or subsidiaries in the U.S., including Boeing/McDonnell Douglas main satellite building campuses, Aerospace Corp., Raytheon, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Air Force Space Command's Space and Missile Systems Center at Los Angeles Air Force Base, Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems, Northrop Grumman, and AECOM, etc., with a large pool of aerospace engineers and recent college engineering graduates. SpaceX utilizes a high degree of vertical integration in the production of its rockets and rocket", "id": "10001424" }, { "contents": "William H. Gerstenmaier\n\n\n1980, Gerstenmaier moved to Houston, Texas, to work at the Johnson Space Center, researching propulsion related to the Space Shuttle, and was involved in the earliest phases of the International Space Station design. In 1984, he was a semi-finalist in the selection for NASA Astronaut Group 10. In 1988, he first served as manager of Space Shuttle Program Integration, and then went on to serve as head of the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle Operations Office. Following that, he became Director of Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom", "id": "13055214" }, { "contents": "Bruno Augenstein\n\n\nBruno Wilhelm Augenstein (March 16, 1923 – July 6, 2005) was a German-born mathematician and physicist who made important contributions in space technology, ballistic missile research, satellites, antimatter, and many other areas. Augenstein worked in the Aerophysics Laboratory at North American Aviation on diverse projects including weaponization of the V-2 rocket, a ramjet-powered vehicle that later became the Navajo missile. He entered RAND Corporation as a consultant and subcontractor in 1949. Initially at RAND he developed an interest in long range missiles. Augenstein", "id": "1664472" }, { "contents": "Robert R. Gilruth\n\n\nRobert Rowe Gilruth (October 8, 1913 – August 17, 2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. He worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics from 1937 to 1958 and its successor NASA, until his retirement in 1973. He was involved with early research into supersonic flight and rocket-powered aircraft, and then with the United States manned space program, including the Mercury, Gemini", "id": "19875506" } ]

[ { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nMaxwell White Hunter II (March 11, 1922 – November 10, 2001) was a prominent American aerospace engineer. He worked on the design of the Douglas B-42 and Douglas B-43 bombers, the Honest John, Nike-Ajax, and Nike-Zeus missiles, the Thor IRBM, and on parts of the Strategic Defense Initiative. In later years he worked on space-launch vehicles and was a proponent of Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) designs. He was honored in 1995 by the National Space Society", "id": "13829898" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvariety of projects including parts of the mammoth Strategic Defense Initiative. SDI gave him a chance at realizing a dream he had nurtured since the 1960s: the construction of a Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle. In 1984, Hunter proposed a vehicle he called the X-rocket, based on those earlier SSTO designs. The design was reviewed by LMSC's Astronautics Division (AD), which judged it worth pursuing, and by its Missile Systems Division (MSD), which did not. LMSC then", "id": "13829902" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\npayloads into Earth orbit today. After working for Douglas Aircraft from 1944 to 1961, Hunter joined the staff of the National Aeronautics and Space Council, a group that advised the U.S. president on space policy. Following several years in that position, he went back to the aerospace industry in 1965, spending over two decades with Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (LMSC). (LMSC was a division of Lockheed Corporation, which merged with Martin Marietta in 1995 to become Lockheed-Martin.) At LMSC, Hunter worked on a", "id": "13829901" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nspace systems. In this position he oversaw the production of military missiles including the Honest John artillery rocket, the Nike antiaircraft missile, and the Sparrow air-to-air missile. Douglas Aircraft began work on the Thor, an early Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM), in late 1955 and put Hunter in charge of that program. He assembled a small team of crack designers and brought the development to success in a short time. Thor became the basis of the McDonnell Douglas Delta rocket, whose descendants are still boosting", "id": "13829900" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nand High Frontier convinced SDI management and other national officials that a study should be initiated to determine once and for all the feasibility of SSTO vehicles for military missions. This led to a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) program to design a single-stage vehicle that could replace military satellites on short notice during a national emergency. This vehicle was known as the Delta Clipper. McDonnell Douglas Corporation was contracted to build and test fly a one-third-scale, suborbital testbed called the DC-X, or Delta Clipper", "id": "13829904" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvehicle tipped over at landing. Funding to make repairs and continue flight tests was not made available. Max Hunter continued to advise on space policy issues and advocate the building of SSTO vehicles for airline-like access to space, a goal he was sure could be attained. He chaired the Rules Committee for the Ansari X Prize, announced in 1996, a $10 million prize for the first reusable craft to reach space twice within two weeks without substantial refit. In October 2000, he agreed to serve as Chairman of the", "id": "13829906" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nExperimental. While not capable of spaceflight, the DC-X incorporated many of the technologies needed for an SSTO vehicle, including highly automated systems enabling a quick turnaround (just twenty-six hours) between launches. It made eight successful test flights between August 18, 1993, and July 7, 1995, and then was taken over by NASA and flown four times as the DC-XA between May 18 and July 31, 1996. It was damaged on its last flight when one landing strut failed to deploy and the", "id": "13829905" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nfor lifelong contributions to the technology of spaceflight. Maxwell Hunter was born in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania and graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in that state with a degree in physics and mathematics. In 1944, he earned a Master's Degree in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). After earning his MS from MIT, Hunter went to work for the Douglas Aircraft Company. He became their chief designer in aeronautics, working on modifications of the B-42 and B-43 bombers. Later he was promoted to chief engineer for", "id": "13829899" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\ndeclined to support further work on the X-rocket, and Hunter retired. As an independent consultant, he renamed the concept SSX (for Space Ship Experimental), and began to refine it. In December 1988 the ad hoc Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy was briefed on the concept by Hunter and others. The general concept was endorsed by the Council and by High Frontier, Inc., a Washington-based group headed by Lt. Gen. Daniel O. Graham that lobbied for SDI programs. Working together, Hunter", "id": "13829903" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nAdvisory Board for the Undersea Hotel Project of the Cala Corporation. He died at Stanford Hospital, Stanford, California on the evening of November 10, 2001 after a lingering illness. Max Hunter was Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Beta Pi, and a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), the American Astronautical Society (AAS), and the British Interplanetary Society (BIS). He was also a member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) and an honorary member of the Japanese Rocket Society", "id": "13829907" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nThe DC-X, short for Delta Clipper or Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed prototype of a reusable single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle built by McDonnell Douglas in conjunction with the United States Department of Defense's Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) from 1991 to 1993. Starting 1994 until 1995, testing continued through funding of the US civil space agency NASA. In 1996, the DC-X technology was completely transferred to NASA, which upgraded the design for improved performance to create the DC-XA", "id": "15420672" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nvehicles was prepared by Chrysler Corporation's Space Division in 1970–1971 under NASA contract NAS8-26341. Their proposal (Shuttle SERV) was an enormous vehicle with more than of payload, utilizing jet engines for (vertical) landing. While the technical problems seemed to be solvable, the USAF required a winged design that led to the Shuttle as we know it today. The uncrewed DC-X technology demonstrator, originally developed by McDonnell Douglas for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program office, was an attempt to build a vehicle", "id": "10328910" }, { "contents": "David Urie\n\n\nsystem before initiating and heading the Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) and X-33 Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Programs at Lockheed. Urie's work as the program manager for the previously classified Have Region project demonstrated that rocket-powered single-stage-to-orbit vehicles were technically feasible, which led to the Lockheed Martin SSTO design approach. As a Director of the Lockheed-Martin Skunk Works SSTO/RLV Advanced Technology Demonstration Program, Urie conceived and developed the aerospike rocket propelled lifting body that was selected by NASA as", "id": "20876395" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nearly stages of flight; and flight within Earth's atmosphere, which limits speed in the early stages of flight and influences engine performance. Additionally, the retirement of NASA's Shuttle launch vehicle has resulted in a substantial reduction in the cost to launch a kilogram of payload to either low Earth orbit or the International Space Station, removing the main projected advantage of the SSTO concept. Notable single stage to orbit concepts include Skylon, the DC-X, the Lockheed Martin X-33, and the Roton SSTO. However, despite showing", "id": "10328885" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nThe Lockheed Martin X-33 was an uncrewed, sub-scale technology demonstrator suborbital spaceplane developed in the 1990s under the U.S. government-funded Space Launch Initiative program. The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for the VentureStar orbital spaceplane, which was planned to be a next-generation, commercially operated reusable launch vehicle. The X-33 would flight-test a range of technologies that NASA believed it needed for single-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicles (SSTO RLVs), such as metallic thermal protection systems, composite cryogenic fuel tanks", "id": "9997267" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n. During the 1960s some of the first concept designs for this kind of craft began to emerge. One of the earliest SSTO concepts was the expendable One stage Orbital Space Truck (OOST) proposed by Philip Bono, an engineer for Douglas Aircraft Company. A reusable version named ROOST was also proposed. Another early SSTO concept was a reusable launch vehicle named NEXUS which was proposed by Krafft Arnold Ehricke in the early 1960s. It was one of the largest spacecraft ever conceptualized with a diameter of over 50 metres and the capability to", "id": "10328887" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n. According to writer Jerry Pournelle: \"DC-X was conceived in my living room and sold to National Space Council Chairman Dan Quayle by General Graham, Max Hunter and me.\" According to Max Hunter, however, he had tried hard to convince Lockheed Martin of the concept's value for several years before he retired. Hunter had written a paper in 1985 entitled \"The Opportunity\", detailing the concept of a Single-Stage-To-Orbit spacecraft built with low-cost \"off-the-shelf", "id": "15420673" }, { "contents": "Rob Meyerson\n\n\nInitiative contract with NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. Meyerson launched his career as an aerospace engineer at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) from 1985 to 1997 working on human spaceflight systems, including the aerodynamic design of the Space Shuttle orbiter drag parachute, as well as the overall design, integration, and flight test of a gliding parachute for the X-38 Crew Rescue Vehicle, a crew return vehicle designed to return astronauts to earth from the International Space Station. Meyerson began with NASA in 1985 as a cooperative education student at JSC", "id": "8603673" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nfor the X-33 was selected over competing concepts from Boeing and McDonnell Douglas. Boeing proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design, and McDonnell Douglas proposed a design based on its vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL) DC-XA test vehicle. The uncrewed X-33 was slated to fly 15 suborbital hops to near 75.8 km altitude. It was to be launched upright like a rocket and rather than having a straight flight path it would fly diagonally up for half the flight, reaching extremely high altitudes, and then for the rest of the", "id": "9997274" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nThe methodologies were later adopted as a standard by the Air Transport Association. He later joined the Thor missile project as the chief design engineer, and this introduced him to the world of space launchers. With new upper stages, Thor became the Delta, one of the most-used launchers in the 1960s. In spite of Thor's success, Hunter was dissatisfied with the state of the launcher market and later wrote that \"by the end of 1963 the state of recoverable rockets was terrible.\" He was convinced that as", "id": "7750830" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nit the DC-X for Delta Clipper Experimental. The name honored the firm's successful Thor/Delta rocket and recalled the famous 19th-century commercial clipper ships. The McDonnell Douglas SSTO team saw the Delta Clipper as opening the \"space trade routes in the same way that the Yankee Clipper ships opened the sea trade routes.\" The needs of the commercial launch industry thus were integral to the thinking of the McDonnell Douglas DC-X team. General Graham envisioned the DC-X as the perfect inexpensive launch and delivery", "id": "5770549" }, { "contents": "George Huebner\n\n\nproduce intercontinental ballistic missiles. Huebner was named executive engineer in charge of Chrysler's Missile Branch. At the time he was serving as executive engineer of research for Chrysler in their automotive division. He developed a complete research and development missile facility that included engineering, testing, and production of the Redstone rocket. These rockets ultimately launched into orbit the first U.S. satellites and the first manned space flights. Huebner worked closely with Wernher von Braun on the space program. For two years he worked on this rocket project and then went back", "id": "15004097" }, { "contents": "Reusable launch system\n\n\nthe McDonnell Douglas Delta Clipper VTOL SSTO proposal progressed to the testing phase. The DC-X prototype demonstrated rapid turnaround time and automatic computer control. In mid-1990, British research evolved an earlier HOTOL design into the far more promising Skylon design, which remains in development. From the commercial side, Rocketplane Kistler and Rotary Rocket attempted to build reusable privately developed rockets before going bankrupt. NASA proposed risky reusable concepts to replace the Shuttle technology, to be demonstrated under the X-33 and X-34 programs, which were both cancelled in the early", "id": "19421229" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\na number of SSTO advocates to reconsider hydrogen as a satisfactory fuel. The late Max Hunter, while employing hydrogen fuel in the DC-X, often said that he thought the first successful orbital SSTO would more likely be fueled by propane. Some SSTO concepts use the same engine for all altitudes, which is a problem for traditional engines with a bell-shaped nozzle. Depending on the atmospheric pressure, different bell shapes are optimal. Engines operating in the lower atmosphere have shorter bells than those designed to work in vacuum.", "id": "10328899" }, { "contents": "George Mueller (NASA)\n\n\ndesigns ranged from 'simple' concepts like Martin Marietta's six person reusable craft similar to the Dyna-Soar (launched by a Titan III-M), to partially reusable concepts like Lockheed's Star Clipper or Tip Tank from McDonnell Douglas, to fully reusable two-stage vehicles like the one proposed by General Dynamics. Following this symposium Mueller continued to champion a \"space shuttle\". He did not invent the term, but he made it his own. He was also a keen proponent of space stations and was", "id": "16249187" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nIn October 2000, Beal Aerospace ceased operations citing a decision by NASA and the Department of Defense to commit themselves to the development of the competing government-financed EELV program. In 1998 Rotary Rocket proposed the Roton, a Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) piloted Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) space transport. A full scale Roton Atmospheric Test Vehicle flew three times in 1999. After spending tens of millions of dollars in development the Roton failed to secure launch contracts and Rotary Rocket ceased operations in 2001. On", "id": "288621" }, { "contents": "List of human spaceflight programs\n\n\ncommissioned by the Russian Aerospace Agency since 1993. The Kankoh-maru (観光丸? Kankōmaru) is the name of a proposed vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL), single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), reusable launch system (rocket-powered spacecraft). The Ansari X Prize was a space competition in which the X Prize Foundation offered a US$10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable crewed spacecraft into space twice within two weeks. Twenty-six teams from around the world", "id": "19978394" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nby 2016, and some space ventures have had to turn away investor funding. After earlier first effort of OTRAG, in the 1990s the projection of a significant demand for communications satellite launches attracted the development of a number of commercial space launch providers. The launch demand largely vanished when some of the largest satellite constellations, such as 288 satellite Teledesic network, were never built. In 1996 NASA selected Lockheed Martin Skunk Works to build the X-33 VentureStar prototype for a single stage to orbit (SSTO) reusable launch vehicle. In 1999", "id": "288619" }, { "contents": "James Smith McDonnell\n\n\nMcDonnell Aircraft Corporation in 1939. Headquartered in St. Louis, the company quickly grew into a principal supplier of fighter aircraft to the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy, including the F-4 Phantom II fighter and the Mercury and Gemini space capsules. In 1967, McDonnell Aircraft merged with the Douglas Aircraft Company to create McDonnell Douglas. Later that year Douglas Aircraft Company's space and missiles division became part of a new subsidiary called McDonnell Douglas Astronautics, located in Huntington Beach, California, producing the Delta series of launch vehicles. The new", "id": "21028393" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\ndeath, the first launch vehicle based on his designs, the McDonnell Douglas DC-X (Delta Clipper) began a largely successful series of test flights. The DC-X was a vertical-takeoff and vertical landing vehicle. The series of test flights began on 18 August 1993 and continued until the upgraded version of the launch vehicle (renamed the DC-XA) tipped over on landing on July 31, 1996. Among Bono's visionary designs was a 1960 Boeing design for a manned Mars spacecraft capable of carrying a", "id": "3522773" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\neight Block II satellites for flights on the new Delta II expendable Medium Launch Vehicle in lieu of the Space Shuttle. Space Division awarded the Medium Launch Vehicle (MLV) contract to McDonnell-Douglas Astronautics Company on 21 January 1987. However, unlike earlier commercial arrangements, the company would no longer be under contract to NASA. Under the new Commercial Expendable Launch Vehicle program encouraged by president Ronald Reagan since 1983, McDonnell-Douglas would be responsible for producing, marketing and launching its commercial Delta IIs. The Air Force would be", "id": "19923501" }, { "contents": "Mel Hunter\n\n\nfor the years 1960-1962. As Hunter's science fiction career blossomed, so did his technical and scientific illustrations. Hunter's love of air and space took him from California's desert runways to Florida's seacoast launchpads to illustrate every variety of jet-age aircraft and space-age rocket imaginable—from X-15 to Saturn V. One of Hunter's best-known books is \"The Missilemen\", a photo illustrated work published in 1960 by Doubleday. Hunter visited U.S. rocket and missile sites during the late 1950s; he", "id": "20560131" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\na single-stage-to-orbit vehicle. Five companies expressed interest and proposed concepts. Three (LM, Rockwell and McDonnell Douglas) were selected for workup into more detailed proposals. Rockwell proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design. It would have used one Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) and two RL-10-5A engines. In a subsequent full-scale system to reach orbit Rockwell planned to use six Rocketdyne RS-2100 engines. McDonnell Douglas featured a design using liquid oxygen/hydrogen bell engines based on its vertical takeoff", "id": "9997282" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\nresearch ways to make more efficient use of the wing surface during high-speed maneuvers. The Directorate is also a collaborator with DARPA, the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Sandia National Laboratories and AFRL's Space Vehicles Directorate on the FALCON program, which includes the HTV-3X Blackswift hypersonic flight demonstration vehicle. The Air Vehicles Directorate also collaborated with NASA and Boeing on the initial work for the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle and the 80% scaled version, X-40A Space Maneuver Vehicle, prior to the classification of the program and", "id": "1842734" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nparts for re-use. After landing the vehicle would be refit, mated with another tank, and be ready for another mission. Hunter moved to Lockheed in the fall of 1965. On his first day he was asked if there was anything Lockheed should be looking at, and he immediately suggested development of his stage-and-a-half design. His suggestions caught the ear of Eugene Root, president of Lockheed Missiles and Space, who gave him the go-ahead to study what became known as the Star", "id": "7750834" }, { "contents": "PGM-17 Thor\n\n\ndeployment as a missile a few years after deployment, the Thor rocket found widespread use as a space launch vehicle. It was the first in a large family of space launch vehicles—the Delta rockets. The last remaining descendant of the Thor, the Delta II, was retired in 2018, and the Delta IV is based on entirely new technology, unlike the Delta II. see Project Emily Stations and Squadrons Family: Thor IRBM, Thor DM-18 (single stage LV); Thor DM-19 (rocket 1st stage), Thor", "id": "15220989" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthree of its four landing pads deployed, which caused it to tip over on its side and explode. The project has not been continued since. From 1999 to 2001 Rotary Rocket attempted to build a SSTO vehicle called the Roton. It received a large amount of media attention and a working sub-scale prototype was completed, but the design was largely impractical. There have been various approaches to SSTO, including pure rockets that are launched and land vertically, air-breathing scramjet-powered vehicles that are launched and land horizontally", "id": "10328891" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\n. The facilities for testing rockets are frequently used for testing new rocket engines including the RS-68 rocket engine developed for use on the Delta IV launch vehicle. The space propulsion area also develops technologies for use in satellites on-orbit to alter their orbits. An AFRL-developed experimental Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) arcjet was flown on the ARGOS satellite in 1999 as part of the Air Force Space Test Program. The Directorate currently manages the X-51A program, which is developing a scramjet demonstration vehicle. The X-51 program is working", "id": "1842749" }, { "contents": "Laurel van der Wal\n\n\nhonors. Her graduate education was funded in part by a National Research Council fellowship to study aeronautics in Stockholm, Sweden. As a young engineer van der Wal worked at Douglas Aircraft as a data analyst on the Nike missile program, and later designing missile systems for the Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation. Starting in 1958, she was the project engineer on three MIA (Mouse-in-Able) launches from Cape Canaveral, as head of bioastronautics at Space Technology Laboratories. She was named the \"Los Angeles Times\"'s \"", "id": "12236594" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nThe National Launch System (or New Launch System) was a study authorized in 1991 by President George H. W. Bush to outline alternatives to the Space Shuttle for access to Earth orbit. Shortly thereafter, NASA asked Lockheed Missiles and Space, McDonnell Douglas, and TRW to perform a ten-month study. A series of launch vehicles was proposed, based around the proposed Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) liquid-fuel rocket engine. The STME was to be a simplified, expendable version of the Space Shuttle main engine (", "id": "11086741" }, { "contents": "Michael R. Clifford\n\n\nfrom the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and was designated an experimental test pilot. In December 1995, Clifford retired from the army. As a military officer, Clifford was assigned to the Johnson Space Center in July 1987. As a Space Shuttle Vehicle Integration engineer, his duties involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle Program. He was involved in design certification and integration of the Shuttle Crew Escape System, and was an executive board member of the Solid Rocket Booster Postflight Assessment Team. Selected as an astronaut", "id": "18151051" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n. In the Shuttle development effort he led a team working on vehicle aerodynamics and the main engines, which included developing full-scale component tests and scaling methodologies, and applying computational fluid dynamics to overcome a wide range of aerothermochemistry problems. He was Chief of the Aerophysics Division at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center until 1992, when he became Chief Aerodynamicist at the NASA Center. He was awarded the AIAA Aerodynamics Award in 1997 for his exceptional lifetime contributions to the aerodynamic design and analysis of strategic missiles and manned/unmanned launch", "id": "21371187" }, { "contents": "Robert A. Heinlein\n\n\noften in his fiction, as do fictitious strikable self-lighting cigarettes. In 1980 Robert Heinlein was a member of the Citizens Advisory Council on National Space Policy, chaired by Jerry Pournelle, which met at the home of SF writer Larry Niven to write space policy papers for the incoming Reagan Administration. Members included such aerospace industry leaders as former astronaut Buzz Aldrin, General Daniel O. Graham, aerospace engineer Max Hunter and North American Rockwell VP for Space Shuttle development George Merrick. Policy recommendations from the Council included ballistic missile defense concepts", "id": "5599733" }, { "contents": "Wernher von Braun\n\n\nUnited States, along with about 1,600 other German scientists, engineers, and technicians, as part of Operation Paperclip. He worked for the United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) program, and he developed the rockets that launched the United States' first space satellite Explorer 1. His group was assimilated into NASA, where he served as director of the newly formed Marshall Space Flight Center and as the chief architect of the Saturn V super heavy-lift launch vehicle that propelled the Apollo spacecraft to the", "id": "15033628" }, { "contents": "Jarvis (rocket)\n\n\nJarvis was a proposed American medium-lift launch vehicle for space launch, designed by Hughes Aircraft and Boeing during the mid-1980s as part of the joint United States Air Force (USAF)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Launch System (ALS) study. Intended to utilize engines and tooling in storage from the Saturn V rocket program along with Space Shuttle components, and projected to be capable of carrying up to six satellites into multiple orbits using a single launch (e.g. GPS constellation), the proposal failed to meet the ALS", "id": "15822979" }, { "contents": "Robert F. Overmyer\n\n\nMarch 1988, he joined the Space Station Team at McDonnell Douglas Aerospace, where he led crew and operations activities for seven years. He retired from McDonnell Douglas in April 1995 and expanded the scope of Mach Twenty Five International, continuing his aerospace consultation work as well as speaking engagements and writing. Overmyer continued his career as a general aviation test pilot. Having former experience with aeronautical testing at both U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School and NASA, he joined Minnesota-based aircraft manufacturer Cirrus Design (now called Cirrus Aircraft) as", "id": "19963429" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n, nuclear-powered vehicles, and even jet-engine-powered vehicles that can fly into orbit and return landing like an airliner, completely intact. For rocket-powered SSTO, the main challenge is achieving a high enough mass-ratio to carry sufficient propellant to achieve orbit, plus a meaningful payload weight. One possibility is to give the rocket an initial speed with a space gun, as planned in the Quicklaunch project. For air-breathing SSTO, the main challenge is system complexity and associated research and development costs", "id": "10328892" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfuel for increasing efficiency once in space. Further examples of Bono's early concepts (prior to the 1990s) which were never constructed include: Around 1985 the NASP project was intended to launch a scramjet vehicle into orbit, but funding was stopped and the project cancelled. At around the same time, the HOTOL tried to use precooled jet engine technology, but failed to show significant advantages over rocket technology. The DC-X, short for Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed one-third scale vertical takeoff and landing demonstrator", "id": "10328889" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nShuttle design. The detailed study of the cost advantages of the drop tank design demonstrated a dramatic reduction in development risk, and as a result, development costs. When funding for STS development was cut, the drop tank was taken up as a way to meet the developmental budgets, leading to the semi-reusable Space Shuttle design. Maxwell Hunter was working at Douglas Aircraft where he formalized the calculation of aircraft operation economics. His methodologies were first published in 1940, and were later applied to the Douglas DC-6 and DC-7.", "id": "7750829" }, { "contents": "Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle\n\n\nThe Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle, designed for NASA's Project Mercury, was the first American crewed space booster. It was used for six sub-orbital Mercury flights from 1960–61; culminating with the launch of the first, and 11 weeks later, the second American (and the second and third humans) in space. The four subsequent Mercury human spaceflights used the more powerful Atlas booster to enter low Earth orbit. A member of the Redstone rocket family, it was derived from the U.S. Army's Redstone ballistic missile and", "id": "11828011" }, { "contents": "British Aerospace HOTOL\n\n\nspace launch system. In 1982, British Aerospace (BAe), which was Europe's principal satellite-builder, began studying a prospective new launch system with the aim of providing launch costs that were 20 per cent of the American Space Shuttle operated by NASA. BAe became aware of work by British engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce on a suitable engine, and soon conceived of an unmanned, fully reuseable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) winged spaceplane as a launch vehicle. Thus, the project had soon became", "id": "14493503" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\nrole in the civilian NASA Project Mercury, Project Gemini and Project Apollo manned space programs along with military Space Shuttle flights. The mission of the unit today is performed by the 45th Space Wing (no direct lineage). Activated in December 1950, replacing 550th Guided Missiles Wing. the 6555th had a distinguished career launching and/or managing ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and payloads for the Ballistic Systems Division, the Space Systems Division and the Space & Missile Systems Organization. As a Wing or a Group, the 6555th earned ten Air", "id": "19923442" }, { "contents": "William H. Dana\n\n\ncontributions to the lifting body program, Dana received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal. In 1976 he received the Haley Space Flight Award from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) for his research work on the M2-F3 lifting body control systems. A member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Dana is the author of several technical papers. In 1993, he was inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Honor. During the X-15 program, eight pilots flew above 264,000 feet or 50 miles, thereby qualifying as astronauts according to", "id": "8766846" }, { "contents": "USAF Hunter-Killer\n\n\nHunter-Killer is an unofficial project name based upon an \"Aviation Week & Space Technology\" article. The U.S. Air Force's Hunter-Killer program was a tactical unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV) procurement program. The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, a variant of the MQ-1 Predator won the project and was deployed in Afghanistan. This is the U.S. Air Force program for which several companies have developed vehicles. Although the J-UCAS concept is a long way from the early idea of a \"reusable cruise missile\",", "id": "18825446" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nlong as launchers were thrown away, access to space would never be affordable. Several companies had already completed early feasibility studies of fully reusable spacecraft, like the Martin Marietta Astrorocket and Douglas Astro. The designs used two flyback stages, one of which flew back to the launch point, while the other flew into orbit and landed after its mission. Hunter thought that any such design was tantamount to making two aircraft to do the job of one, and it was only the upper stage that was of any real use. By", "id": "7750831" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\ndirector of the CIA under Director William Colby and from 1974–1976 he was the director of the DIA. Ronald Reagan called upon General Graham to be his military advisor for his 1976 and 1980 campaigns. General Graham is a member of the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame. In later years, Graham devoted a lot of time to the research and development of Single-Stage To Orbit (SSTO) spacecraft in conjunction with NASA. McDonnell Douglas was awarded a contract to build an SSTO test vehicle on August 16, 1991, and named", "id": "5770548" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nBased on its experience working with Minuteman assets, Space Vector was tasked by Lockheed in 1980 to help develop the Homing Overlay Experiment (HOE) booster for the U.S. Army which would go on to become the first successful hit-to-kill intercept of a mock ballistic missile warhead outside the Earth’s atmosphere. This technology was later used by the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and expanded into the Exoatmospheric Reentry-vehicle Interception System (ERIS) program. In 1982 Space Vector was tapped by Space Services Inc. of America (", "id": "7487030" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nPhilip Bono (13 January 1921 – 23 May 1993) was a Douglas Aircraft Company engineer. He was a pioneer of reusable vertical landing single-stage to orbit launch vehicles. As a visionary designer, he is credited with inventing the first version of a recoverable single-stage spacecraft booster, and his contributions influenced spacecraft design. Bono pursued single-stage space launch as simpler and cheaper. He realized to do this he would need to use high specific impulse liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engines. Afterwards he proposed to", "id": "3522770" }, { "contents": "Vance D. Coffman\n\n\nin Aerospace Engineering of Iowa State University (ISU). Coffman had three brothers, all of which studied at ISU within the engineering and science departments. Coffman has Master's and Doctorate graduate in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University. In 1967, Coffman joined Lockheed Martin Corporation's Space Systems Division, working on the development of space programs and data processing systems for the corporation. By 1988 he was president of the Space Systems Division. He directed the Hubble Space Telescope project for Lockheed. By 1998 he was the chairman and", "id": "11284872" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n\" commercial parts and currently-available technology, but Lockheed Martin was not interested enough to fund such a program themselves. On February 15, 1989, Pournelle, Graham and Hunter were able to procure a meeting with Vice-President Dan Quayle. They \"sold\" the idea to SDIO by noting that any space-based weapons system would need to be serviced by a spacecraft that was far more reliable than the Space Shuttle, and offer lower launch costs and have much better turnaround times. Given the uncertainties of the design", "id": "15420674" }, { "contents": "Abdul Majid (physicist)\n\n\nand joined Pakistan's Space Program as a researcher in astrophysics and aeronautical labs. Majid worked under the supervision of noted Pakistani-Polish military scientist and aeronautical engineer, Air Commodore W. J. M. Turowicz, in the field of Rocket Technology and published numerous research papers. He is credited for the design and developed the Hypersonic Rocket Launch Vehicle or Hatf Missiles Series during his stay at SUPARCO. In 1983, Dr Majid was put in-charge of Satellite Development Program of Pakistan. He is widely credited for the indigenous development and launching", "id": "14780917" }, { "contents": "Martin Knutson\n\n\n's aging fleet of F-104 support aircraft with F/A-18 Hornets. He also provided leadership for numerous flight research projects including the X-29 forward-swept-wing technology demonstrator; the Controlled Impact Demonstration, the F-15 Digital Electronic Engine Control project that integrated propulsion and flight controls, the Pegasus air-launched rocket for placing small payloads into low-Earth orbit; the CV-990 Landing Systems Research aircraft that tested improved braking systems for the space shuttle; and the F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle. After the Air Force announced the impending retirement", "id": "2519508" }, { "contents": "Pioneer Rocketplane\n\n\nMissile Range Officers’ Club on May 12, 1993. The original concept was developed by then Air Force Captain Mitchell Burnside Clapp, who envisioned an aerial refueled, rocket-powered single-stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicle using jet fuel and hydrogen peroxide. This concept seemed a natural match for the Air Force's TransAtmospheric Vehicle (TAV) mission and studies began at the USAF Phillips Laboratory. Aerospace engineering legend Burt Rutan and noted aircraft designer Dan Raymer contributed input to the development of the design. During the winter of", "id": "17524030" }, { "contents": "Thor (rocket family)\n\n\nThor was a US space launch vehicle derived from the PGM-17 Thor intermediate-range ballistic missile. The Thor rocket was the first member of the Delta rocket family of space launch vehicles. The last launch of a direct derivative of the Thor missile occurred in 2018 as the first stage of the final Delta II. Thor was first used as a launch vehicle during the testing program of the warhead reentry vehicle for the Atlas missile. For these three tests a Thor core stage was topped by the Able second stage. Able used the", "id": "21158637" }, { "contents": "Boeing X-37\n\n\nThe Boeing X-37, also known as the Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), is a reusable robotic spacecraft. It is boosted into space by a launch vehicle, then re-enters Earth's atmosphere and lands as a spaceplane. The X-37 is operated by the United States Air Force for orbital spaceflight missions intended to demonstrate reusable space technologies. It is a 120%-scaled derivative of the earlier Boeing X-40. The X-37 began as a NASA project in 1999, before being transferred to the U.S. Department of Defense in 2004. Its first", "id": "12510871" }, { "contents": "LGM-25C Titan II\n\n\nThe Titan II was an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and space launcher developed by the Glenn L. Martin Company from the earlier Titan I missile. Titan II was originally designed and used as an ICBM, but was later adapted as a medium-lift space launch vehicle to carry payloads to Earth orbit for the United States Air Force (USAF), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Those payloads included the USAF Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), NOAA weather", "id": "10861471" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\non the X-33 experience shared with NASA, Lockheed Martin hoped to make the business case for a full-scale SSTO RLV, called VentureStar, that would be developed and operated through commercial means. The intention was that rather than operate space transport systems as it has with the Space Shuttle, NASA would instead look to private industry to operate the reusable launch vehicle and NASA would purchase launch services from the commercial launch provider. Thus, the X-33 was not only about honing space flight technologies, but also about successfully demonstrating the technology", "id": "9997276" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nmake these vehicles reusable. From his ROOST design onwards Bono advocated space launch vehicles without wings, usually using rocket assisted vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL). According to his estimates, wings consisted mostly of dead weight that decreased launch payload mass. He patented a reusable plug nozzle rocket engine which had dual use as a heat shield for atmospheric reentry. His early 1960s concepts influenced later designs like the 1990s Delta Clipper, also from Douglas. Philip Bono was born in Brooklyn, New York on 13 January 1921. He graduated", "id": "3522771" }, { "contents": "Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment\n\n\nof new space services and other activities that would improve U.S. economic competitiveness. The program implemented the National Space Transportation Policy, which is designed to accelerate the development of new launch technologies and concepts to contribute to the continuing commercialization of the national space launch industry. Both the X-33 and the smaller X-34 technology testbed demonstrator were under the Space Transportation Program Offices at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. The air-launched, winged X-34 also was to demonstrate technologies applicable to future-generation reusable launch vehicles designed to dramatically", "id": "20761669" }, { "contents": "Adolf Thiel\n\n\nfor the Thor ballistic missile, which became a first-stage launch for the Explorer spacecraft. He was director of space projects for TRW when it developed Explorer VI and Pioneer V, two of the earliest US craft to explore interplanetary space. He oversaw all of TRW's space programs during the 1970s. After his retirement in 1980 as a senior vice president, Thiel served as an executive consultant to TRW and on NASA planning groups. He was named a fellow of the American Astronautical Society in 1968. He married Frances Thiel", "id": "11277096" }, { "contents": "BAC Mustard\n\n\nin other space programmes, such as the American Space Shuttle. Mustard was a modular re-usable space launch system, comprising multiple copies of a single vehicle design, each of which was configured for a different role as a booster stage or an orbital spaceplane. The core vehicle design resembled the basic layout of the Douglas Astro, both being delta-winged reusable vehicles, as would the later American Space Shuttle. Furthermore, all three functioned as vertically-launched rockets and used integral wings so that they could land horizontally,", "id": "11296482" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nSSIA) to fabricate and launch the Conestoga I off Matagorda Island, Texas which became the first privately funded rocket to reach space. In 1992 Space Vector teamed with Coleman Research Corporation (now a division of L-3 Communications) and Aerotherm to provide the Army Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC) with 25 Hera target vehicles to support testing of THAAD and Patriot PAC-3 anti-ballistic missile systems. Space Vector went on to earn the distinction in 1997 as the first company to air launch a minuteman based target vehicle. The single", "id": "7487031" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n-range ballistic missile and the large Saturn I booster rocket. Following the Russian Sputnik launch, in July 1960 he moved with other von Braun rocket scientists from the Army Ballistic Missile Agency to the newly founded NASA. There, as part of the Apollo moon-landing program, he made major contributions working on the Saturn V booster rocket, on aerothermodynamics, and on liquid hydrogen propellant systems. He subsequently was involved in numerous projects contributing to the nation's manned and unmanned space flight programs, especially Skylab and the Space Shuttle", "id": "21371186" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nthe NLS-1 core stage. The NLS program did not venture beyond the planning stages and did not survive the Presidency of Bill Clinton, which started in January 1993. In 1992, Daniel Goldin was selected to replace Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly as NASA administrator. Goldin championed the motto, \"faster, better, cheaper,\" which may not have fit the ambitious NLS vision. A NASA history from 1998 says that reusable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) rockets and space planes such as the McDonnell Douglas DC", "id": "11086743" }, { "contents": "Gary Hudson (engineer)\n\n\nGary Hudson has been involved in private spaceflight development for over 40 years. Hudson is best known as the founder of Rotary Rocket Company, which in spending ~$30 Million attempted to build a unique single stage to orbit launch vehicle known as the Roton. Rotary Rocket built a landing test simulator (the Roton ATV) which flew three successful test flights in 1999. He also helped found Transformational Space T/Space in 2004. He also helped found AirLaunch LLC which was awarded the DARPA/USAF FALCON project in 2003. Previous projects", "id": "10746924" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nof Space Shuttle Columbia touched down on Rogers Dry Lakebed, with Astronauts John Young and Robert Crippin successfully landing the first orbiting space vehicle ever to leave the Earth under rocket power and return to Earth aerodynamically for re-use. The \"Flying Wing\" returned to Edwards in the late 1980s when the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber began testing, and at a remote site, the F-117A Nighthawk stealth fighter. Air-Launched Cruise Missile, and LANTIRN systems were also tested during the 1980s. The 1990s saw the arrival of the Lockheed", "id": "14946576" }, { "contents": "Jerry Pournelle\n\n\nof making recommendation to the US Air Force on investment in technologies required to build the missile force to be deployed in 1975. After Project 75 was completed Pournelle became manager of several advanced concept studies. At North American Rockwell’s Space Division, Pournelle was associate director of operations research, where he took part in the Apollo program and general operations. He was founding President of the Pepperdine Research Institute. In 1989, Pournelle, Max Hunter, and retired Army Lieutenant General Daniel O. Graham made a presentation to then Vice President Dan", "id": "16491387" }, { "contents": "United States Air Force Plant 42\n\n\nby McDonnell Douglas, St. Louis, Missouri, and transported by aircraft to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. They were also transported by aircraft from Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility to the Kennedy Space Center. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration had been paying the Air Force for use of Plant 42 facilities for the shuttle work. NASA decided in February 2002 to shift space shuttle overhaul and modification work from Palmdale to Florida. Current projects include design, engineering, pre-production, production, modification, flight testing, servicing and repair", "id": "9173070" }, { "contents": "William C. Schwartz\n\n\nspace vehicles and orbital calculations. He was a member of the founding group within NAA involved with the development of space vehicles and which developed the Apollo program. In the early 1960s, he moved to The Martin Company (later Martin Marietta and now Lockheed Martin), where he managed three departments, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Human Factors for the missile developer. It was during this period that he became involved in laser research and development. Shortly after the invention of the laser in 1960, Martin recognized its potential in", "id": "13650865" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthat could lead to an SSTO vehicle. The one-third-size test craft was operated and maintained by a small team of three people based out of a trailer, and the craft was once relaunched less than 24 hours after landing. Although the test program was not without mishap (including a minor explosion), the DC-X demonstrated that the maintenance aspects of the concept were sound. That project was cancelled when it landed with three of four legs deployed, tipped over, and exploded on the fourth flight after", "id": "10328911" }, { "contents": "Marti Sarigul-Klijn\n\n\nDr. Marti Sarigul-Klijn is an expert at rapidly designing, fabricating, and test flying proof-of-concept prototypes. He holds a Ph.D. in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and is a graduate of the United States Naval Test Pilot School and the United States Naval Academy. After completing twenty years in the Navy with the final rank of Commander, he has since worked on over 20 design proposals that include aircraft, UAV's, rocket propulsion, and space launch vehicles. Seven of these proposals continued to", "id": "11065599" }, { "contents": "Jerauld R. Gentry\n\n\nJerauld Richard \"Jerry\" Gentry (May 16, 1935 – March 3, 2003) was a United States Air Force (USAF) test pilot and Vietnam combat veteran. As chief USAF pilot of the Lifting Body Research Program, he helped validate the concept of flying a wingless vehicle back to Earth from space and landing it like an aircraft—an approach used by the Space Shuttle and to a greater degree by vehicles such as the Lockheed Martin X-33 and NASA X-38. Gentry completed thirty lifting body flights including the first flight", "id": "21488944" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nlifting body shape, composite multi-lobed liquid fuel tanks, and the aerospike engine, NASA and Lockheed Martin hoped to test fly a craft that would demonstrate the viability of a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) design. A spacecraft capable of reaching orbit in a single stage would not require external fuel tanks or boosters to reach low Earth orbit. Doing away with the need for \"staging\" with launch vehicles, such as with the Shuttle and the Apollo rockets, would lead to an inherently more reliable", "id": "9997271" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfor a proposed SSTO. It is one of only a few prototype SSTO vehicles ever built. Several other prototypes were intended, including the DC-X2 (a half-scale prototype) and the DC-Y, a full-scale vehicle which would be capable of single stage insertion into orbit. Neither of these were built, but the project was taken over by NASA in 1995, and they built the DC-XA, an upgraded one-third scale prototype. This vehicle was lost when it landed with only", "id": "10328890" }, { "contents": "Landing gear\n\n\ne.g., the Space Shuttle, or the USAF X-37), landing gear have been largely absent from orbital vehicles during the early decades since the advent of spaceflight technology, when orbital space transport has been the exclusive preserve of national-monopoly governmental space programs. Each spaceflight system to date has relied on expendable boosters to begin each ascent to orbital velocity. Recent advances in private space transport, where new competition to governmental space initiatives has emerged, have included the explicit design of landing gear into orbital booster rockets. SpaceX has initiated", "id": "10876701" }, { "contents": "Eric Boe\n\n\ninvolves work with displays and controls for future space vehicles. He made his first trip to space as pilot of during STS-126 on November 14, 2008. Boe flew his second space flight as pilot on STS-133, the final scheduled flight of the Space Shuttle \"Discovery\" and the third-to-last flight of the Space Shuttle program. In August 2012, Boe was named Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office. In July 2015, NASA announced Boe as one of the first astronauts for U.S. Commercial spaceflights. Subsequently, he", "id": "14264618" }, { "contents": "Melvin B. Zisfein\n\n\nMelvin B. Zisfein (1926-1995) was an aircraft designer and a Deputy Director of the U.S. National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC. Zisfein graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with degrees in aeronautical engineering (B.S. 1948; M.S. 1948) and worked as a designer, aerodynamicist, and manager for aircraft companies from then until 1966. He was associate director of the Franklin Institute Research Laboratories from 1966 to 1971. From 1971 to 1982 he served as the deputy director of the National Air and Space Museum,", "id": "1801139" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nselected from the Air Force's test pilot cadre. Additionally, the AFTC assisted with the testing of rocket engines and re-entry vehicles. Along with the X-15, pilots at Edwards were expanding the frontiers of atmospheric flight, testing the XB-70 Valkyrie high-altitude bomber, along with the YF-12 interceptor for Air Defense Command and the SR-71 Blackbird Strategic Reconnaissance aircraft for Strategic Air Command. With the decline of the military manned space mission after the NASA Lunar Landing Program ended, the Aerospace Research Pilot School was once again re-", "id": "14946574" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nDC-X were hired by Blue Origin, and their New Shepard vehicle was inspired by the DC-X design. Blue Origin does not require the high cross range capabilities, and therefore uses a base-first re-entry profile. Also, the DC-X provided inspiration for many elements of Armadillo Aerospace's, Masten Space Systems's, and TGV Rockets's spacecraft designs. Some NASA engineers believe that the DC-X could provide a solution for a crewed Mars lander. Had a DC-type craft been", "id": "15420693" }, { "contents": "Rockwell X-30\n\n\nThe Rockwell X-30 was an advanced technology demonstrator project for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP), part of a United States project to create a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spacecraft and passenger spaceliner. It was cancelled in the early 1990s before a prototype was completed, although much development work in advanced materials and aerospace design was completed. While a goal of a future NASP was a passenger liner capable of two-hour flights from Washington to Tokyo, the X-30 was planned for a crew of", "id": "16588465" }, { "contents": "SpaceDev\n\n\nSpaceDev, a part of the \"Space Systems Business\" of Sierra Nevada Corporation, is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work. It designed and built components for the hybrid rocket motors for Paul Allen's Tier One suborbital SpaceShipOne space program operated by Scaled Composites. It is also developing micro- and nano-satellites, a small expendable launch vehicle, the SpaceDev Streaker, and has designed a piloted suborbital and orbital spaceship of its own, the SpaceDev Dream Chaser, in collaboration with NASA. SpaceDev is based near San Diego in", "id": "16321029" }, { "contents": "Glenn L. Martin Company\n\n\nby the American space program as one of its first satellite booster rockets as part of Project Vanguard. The Vanguard was the first American space exploration rocket designed from scratch to be an orbital launch vehicle — rather than being a modified sounding rocket (like the Juno I) or a ballistic missile (like the U.S. Army's Redstone missile). Martin also designed and manufactured the huge and heavily armed Titan I and LGM-25C Titan II Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). Martin Company of Orlando, Florida, was the prime contractor for", "id": "10667744" }, { "contents": "Shuttlecraft (Star Trek)\n\n\nplanetary surface and space. Wernher Von Braun in the 1950s conceived of a reusable winged spacecraft as a ferry rocket. Plans for such vehicles were referred to as \"DC-3\" by spacecraft designer Maxime Faget and Integrated Launch and Reentry Vehicle (ILRV) by NASA. During the late 1960s, while \"\" was being broadcast, these concepts became known as Space Shuttle. In a speech given to the British Interplanetary Society in August 1968 George Mueller, head of the NASA Office of Manned Space Flight, mentioned the need for a", "id": "13203374" }, { "contents": "The Aerospace Corporation\n\n\n. Gen. Bernard A. Schriever announced the \"formation of a new nonprofit organization, The Aerospace Corporation, to serve the Air Force in the scientific and technical planning and management of missile-space programs.\" Among the earliest projects it supported were the Dyna-Soar orbital spaceplane, Project Mercury, and the man-rating of the Atlas (rocket) intercontinental ballistic missile. The Aerospace Corporation provided general systems engineering and technical direction for the Titan II missile, first tested in 1962, which became the launch vehicle for Project Gemini", "id": "15141218" }, { "contents": "Timothy Creamer\n\n\nPrior to his astronaut selection in 1998, he had been working as a space operations officer, with the Army Space Command, stationed in Houston, Texas. He is now the Army’s NASA Detachment commander. Creamer was assigned to NASA at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in July 1995 as a Space Shuttle vehicle integration test engineer. His duties primarily involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle. He was actively involved in the integrated tests of the systems for each Orbiter for its preparations for its", "id": "7264360" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nof the rocket, the Clipper Graham soared into the skies over the old White Sands Missile Range to a height of 3,120 meters (10,300 ft) and stayed in the air for over two minutes before landing. That flight was the highest and longest the vehicle had ever flown until then. Robert A. Heinlein dedicated his 1985 novel The Cat Who Walks Through Walls to Graham and eight of the other members of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy. Graham was chairman of the American Space Frontier Committee, the Coalition for", "id": "5770554" }, { "contents": "SpaceX\n\n\nhas one of the largest concentrations of aerospace headquarters, facilities, and/or subsidiaries in the U.S., including Boeing/McDonnell Douglas main satellite building campuses, Aerospace Corp., Raytheon, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Air Force Space Command's Space and Missile Systems Center at Los Angeles Air Force Base, Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems, Northrop Grumman, and AECOM, etc., with a large pool of aerospace engineers and recent college engineering graduates. SpaceX utilizes a high degree of vertical integration in the production of its rockets and rocket", "id": "10001424" }, { "contents": "William H. Gerstenmaier\n\n\n1980, Gerstenmaier moved to Houston, Texas, to work at the Johnson Space Center, researching propulsion related to the Space Shuttle, and was involved in the earliest phases of the International Space Station design. In 1984, he was a semi-finalist in the selection for NASA Astronaut Group 10. In 1988, he first served as manager of Space Shuttle Program Integration, and then went on to serve as head of the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle Operations Office. Following that, he became Director of Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom", "id": "13055214" }, { "contents": "Bruno Augenstein\n\n\nBruno Wilhelm Augenstein (March 16, 1923 – July 6, 2005) was a German-born mathematician and physicist who made important contributions in space technology, ballistic missile research, satellites, antimatter, and many other areas. Augenstein worked in the Aerophysics Laboratory at North American Aviation on diverse projects including weaponization of the V-2 rocket, a ramjet-powered vehicle that later became the Navajo missile. He entered RAND Corporation as a consultant and subcontractor in 1949. Initially at RAND he developed an interest in long range missiles. Augenstein", "id": "1664472" }, { "contents": "Robert R. Gilruth\n\n\nRobert Rowe Gilruth (October 8, 1913 – August 17, 2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. He worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics from 1937 to 1958 and its successor NASA, until his retirement in 1973. He was involved with early research into supersonic flight and rocket-powered aircraft, and then with the United States manned space program, including the Mercury, Gemini", "id": "19875506" } ]

[ { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nMaxwell White Hunter II (March 11, 1922 – November 10, 2001) was a prominent American aerospace engineer. He worked on the design of the Douglas B-42 and Douglas B-43 bombers, the Honest John, Nike-Ajax, and Nike-Zeus missiles, the Thor IRBM, and on parts of the Strategic Defense Initiative. In later years he worked on space-launch vehicles and was a proponent of Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) designs. He was honored in 1995 by the National Space Society", "id": "13829898" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvariety of projects including parts of the mammoth Strategic Defense Initiative. SDI gave him a chance at realizing a dream he had nurtured since the 1960s: the construction of a Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle. In 1984, Hunter proposed a vehicle he called the X-rocket, based on those earlier SSTO designs. The design was reviewed by LMSC's Astronautics Division (AD), which judged it worth pursuing, and by its Missile Systems Division (MSD), which did not. LMSC then", "id": "13829902" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\npayloads into Earth orbit today. After working for Douglas Aircraft from 1944 to 1961, Hunter joined the staff of the National Aeronautics and Space Council, a group that advised the U.S. president on space policy. Following several years in that position, he went back to the aerospace industry in 1965, spending over two decades with Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (LMSC). (LMSC was a division of Lockheed Corporation, which merged with Martin Marietta in 1995 to become Lockheed-Martin.) At LMSC, Hunter worked on a", "id": "13829901" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nspace systems. In this position he oversaw the production of military missiles including the Honest John artillery rocket, the Nike antiaircraft missile, and the Sparrow air-to-air missile. Douglas Aircraft began work on the Thor, an early Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM), in late 1955 and put Hunter in charge of that program. He assembled a small team of crack designers and brought the development to success in a short time. Thor became the basis of the McDonnell Douglas Delta rocket, whose descendants are still boosting", "id": "13829900" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nand High Frontier convinced SDI management and other national officials that a study should be initiated to determine once and for all the feasibility of SSTO vehicles for military missions. This led to a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) program to design a single-stage vehicle that could replace military satellites on short notice during a national emergency. This vehicle was known as the Delta Clipper. McDonnell Douglas Corporation was contracted to build and test fly a one-third-scale, suborbital testbed called the DC-X, or Delta Clipper", "id": "13829904" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvehicle tipped over at landing. Funding to make repairs and continue flight tests was not made available. Max Hunter continued to advise on space policy issues and advocate the building of SSTO vehicles for airline-like access to space, a goal he was sure could be attained. He chaired the Rules Committee for the Ansari X Prize, announced in 1996, a $10 million prize for the first reusable craft to reach space twice within two weeks without substantial refit. In October 2000, he agreed to serve as Chairman of the", "id": "13829906" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nExperimental. While not capable of spaceflight, the DC-X incorporated many of the technologies needed for an SSTO vehicle, including highly automated systems enabling a quick turnaround (just twenty-six hours) between launches. It made eight successful test flights between August 18, 1993, and July 7, 1995, and then was taken over by NASA and flown four times as the DC-XA between May 18 and July 31, 1996. It was damaged on its last flight when one landing strut failed to deploy and the", "id": "13829905" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nfor lifelong contributions to the technology of spaceflight. Maxwell Hunter was born in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania and graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in that state with a degree in physics and mathematics. In 1944, he earned a Master's Degree in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). After earning his MS from MIT, Hunter went to work for the Douglas Aircraft Company. He became their chief designer in aeronautics, working on modifications of the B-42 and B-43 bombers. Later he was promoted to chief engineer for", "id": "13829899" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\ndeclined to support further work on the X-rocket, and Hunter retired. As an independent consultant, he renamed the concept SSX (for Space Ship Experimental), and began to refine it. In December 1988 the ad hoc Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy was briefed on the concept by Hunter and others. The general concept was endorsed by the Council and by High Frontier, Inc., a Washington-based group headed by Lt. Gen. Daniel O. Graham that lobbied for SDI programs. Working together, Hunter", "id": "13829903" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nAdvisory Board for the Undersea Hotel Project of the Cala Corporation. He died at Stanford Hospital, Stanford, California on the evening of November 10, 2001 after a lingering illness. Max Hunter was Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Beta Pi, and a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), the American Astronautical Society (AAS), and the British Interplanetary Society (BIS). He was also a member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) and an honorary member of the Japanese Rocket Society", "id": "13829907" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nThe DC-X, short for Delta Clipper or Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed prototype of a reusable single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle built by McDonnell Douglas in conjunction with the United States Department of Defense's Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) from 1991 to 1993. Starting 1994 until 1995, testing continued through funding of the US civil space agency NASA. In 1996, the DC-X technology was completely transferred to NASA, which upgraded the design for improved performance to create the DC-XA", "id": "15420672" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nvehicles was prepared by Chrysler Corporation's Space Division in 1970–1971 under NASA contract NAS8-26341. Their proposal (Shuttle SERV) was an enormous vehicle with more than of payload, utilizing jet engines for (vertical) landing. While the technical problems seemed to be solvable, the USAF required a winged design that led to the Shuttle as we know it today. The uncrewed DC-X technology demonstrator, originally developed by McDonnell Douglas for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program office, was an attempt to build a vehicle", "id": "10328910" }, { "contents": "David Urie\n\n\nsystem before initiating and heading the Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) and X-33 Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Programs at Lockheed. Urie's work as the program manager for the previously classified Have Region project demonstrated that rocket-powered single-stage-to-orbit vehicles were technically feasible, which led to the Lockheed Martin SSTO design approach. As a Director of the Lockheed-Martin Skunk Works SSTO/RLV Advanced Technology Demonstration Program, Urie conceived and developed the aerospike rocket propelled lifting body that was selected by NASA as", "id": "20876395" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nearly stages of flight; and flight within Earth's atmosphere, which limits speed in the early stages of flight and influences engine performance. Additionally, the retirement of NASA's Shuttle launch vehicle has resulted in a substantial reduction in the cost to launch a kilogram of payload to either low Earth orbit or the International Space Station, removing the main projected advantage of the SSTO concept. Notable single stage to orbit concepts include Skylon, the DC-X, the Lockheed Martin X-33, and the Roton SSTO. However, despite showing", "id": "10328885" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nThe Lockheed Martin X-33 was an uncrewed, sub-scale technology demonstrator suborbital spaceplane developed in the 1990s under the U.S. government-funded Space Launch Initiative program. The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for the VentureStar orbital spaceplane, which was planned to be a next-generation, commercially operated reusable launch vehicle. The X-33 would flight-test a range of technologies that NASA believed it needed for single-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicles (SSTO RLVs), such as metallic thermal protection systems, composite cryogenic fuel tanks", "id": "9997267" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n. During the 1960s some of the first concept designs for this kind of craft began to emerge. One of the earliest SSTO concepts was the expendable One stage Orbital Space Truck (OOST) proposed by Philip Bono, an engineer for Douglas Aircraft Company. A reusable version named ROOST was also proposed. Another early SSTO concept was a reusable launch vehicle named NEXUS which was proposed by Krafft Arnold Ehricke in the early 1960s. It was one of the largest spacecraft ever conceptualized with a diameter of over 50 metres and the capability to", "id": "10328887" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n. According to writer Jerry Pournelle: \"DC-X was conceived in my living room and sold to National Space Council Chairman Dan Quayle by General Graham, Max Hunter and me.\" According to Max Hunter, however, he had tried hard to convince Lockheed Martin of the concept's value for several years before he retired. Hunter had written a paper in 1985 entitled \"The Opportunity\", detailing the concept of a Single-Stage-To-Orbit spacecraft built with low-cost \"off-the-shelf", "id": "15420673" }, { "contents": "Rob Meyerson\n\n\nInitiative contract with NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. Meyerson launched his career as an aerospace engineer at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) from 1985 to 1997 working on human spaceflight systems, including the aerodynamic design of the Space Shuttle orbiter drag parachute, as well as the overall design, integration, and flight test of a gliding parachute for the X-38 Crew Rescue Vehicle, a crew return vehicle designed to return astronauts to earth from the International Space Station. Meyerson began with NASA in 1985 as a cooperative education student at JSC", "id": "8603673" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nfor the X-33 was selected over competing concepts from Boeing and McDonnell Douglas. Boeing proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design, and McDonnell Douglas proposed a design based on its vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL) DC-XA test vehicle. The uncrewed X-33 was slated to fly 15 suborbital hops to near 75.8 km altitude. It was to be launched upright like a rocket and rather than having a straight flight path it would fly diagonally up for half the flight, reaching extremely high altitudes, and then for the rest of the", "id": "9997274" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nThe methodologies were later adopted as a standard by the Air Transport Association. He later joined the Thor missile project as the chief design engineer, and this introduced him to the world of space launchers. With new upper stages, Thor became the Delta, one of the most-used launchers in the 1960s. In spite of Thor's success, Hunter was dissatisfied with the state of the launcher market and later wrote that \"by the end of 1963 the state of recoverable rockets was terrible.\" He was convinced that as", "id": "7750830" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nit the DC-X for Delta Clipper Experimental. The name honored the firm's successful Thor/Delta rocket and recalled the famous 19th-century commercial clipper ships. The McDonnell Douglas SSTO team saw the Delta Clipper as opening the \"space trade routes in the same way that the Yankee Clipper ships opened the sea trade routes.\" The needs of the commercial launch industry thus were integral to the thinking of the McDonnell Douglas DC-X team. General Graham envisioned the DC-X as the perfect inexpensive launch and delivery", "id": "5770549" }, { "contents": "George Huebner\n\n\nproduce intercontinental ballistic missiles. Huebner was named executive engineer in charge of Chrysler's Missile Branch. At the time he was serving as executive engineer of research for Chrysler in their automotive division. He developed a complete research and development missile facility that included engineering, testing, and production of the Redstone rocket. These rockets ultimately launched into orbit the first U.S. satellites and the first manned space flights. Huebner worked closely with Wernher von Braun on the space program. For two years he worked on this rocket project and then went back", "id": "15004097" }, { "contents": "Reusable launch system\n\n\nthe McDonnell Douglas Delta Clipper VTOL SSTO proposal progressed to the testing phase. The DC-X prototype demonstrated rapid turnaround time and automatic computer control. In mid-1990, British research evolved an earlier HOTOL design into the far more promising Skylon design, which remains in development. From the commercial side, Rocketplane Kistler and Rotary Rocket attempted to build reusable privately developed rockets before going bankrupt. NASA proposed risky reusable concepts to replace the Shuttle technology, to be demonstrated under the X-33 and X-34 programs, which were both cancelled in the early", "id": "19421229" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\na number of SSTO advocates to reconsider hydrogen as a satisfactory fuel. The late Max Hunter, while employing hydrogen fuel in the DC-X, often said that he thought the first successful orbital SSTO would more likely be fueled by propane. Some SSTO concepts use the same engine for all altitudes, which is a problem for traditional engines with a bell-shaped nozzle. Depending on the atmospheric pressure, different bell shapes are optimal. Engines operating in the lower atmosphere have shorter bells than those designed to work in vacuum.", "id": "10328899" }, { "contents": "George Mueller (NASA)\n\n\ndesigns ranged from 'simple' concepts like Martin Marietta's six person reusable craft similar to the Dyna-Soar (launched by a Titan III-M), to partially reusable concepts like Lockheed's Star Clipper or Tip Tank from McDonnell Douglas, to fully reusable two-stage vehicles like the one proposed by General Dynamics. Following this symposium Mueller continued to champion a \"space shuttle\". He did not invent the term, but he made it his own. He was also a keen proponent of space stations and was", "id": "16249187" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nIn October 2000, Beal Aerospace ceased operations citing a decision by NASA and the Department of Defense to commit themselves to the development of the competing government-financed EELV program. In 1998 Rotary Rocket proposed the Roton, a Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) piloted Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) space transport. A full scale Roton Atmospheric Test Vehicle flew three times in 1999. After spending tens of millions of dollars in development the Roton failed to secure launch contracts and Rotary Rocket ceased operations in 2001. On", "id": "288621" }, { "contents": "List of human spaceflight programs\n\n\ncommissioned by the Russian Aerospace Agency since 1993. The Kankoh-maru (観光丸? Kankōmaru) is the name of a proposed vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL), single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), reusable launch system (rocket-powered spacecraft). The Ansari X Prize was a space competition in which the X Prize Foundation offered a US$10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable crewed spacecraft into space twice within two weeks. Twenty-six teams from around the world", "id": "19978394" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nby 2016, and some space ventures have had to turn away investor funding. After earlier first effort of OTRAG, in the 1990s the projection of a significant demand for communications satellite launches attracted the development of a number of commercial space launch providers. The launch demand largely vanished when some of the largest satellite constellations, such as 288 satellite Teledesic network, were never built. In 1996 NASA selected Lockheed Martin Skunk Works to build the X-33 VentureStar prototype for a single stage to orbit (SSTO) reusable launch vehicle. In 1999", "id": "288619" }, { "contents": "James Smith McDonnell\n\n\nMcDonnell Aircraft Corporation in 1939. Headquartered in St. Louis, the company quickly grew into a principal supplier of fighter aircraft to the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy, including the F-4 Phantom II fighter and the Mercury and Gemini space capsules. In 1967, McDonnell Aircraft merged with the Douglas Aircraft Company to create McDonnell Douglas. Later that year Douglas Aircraft Company's space and missiles division became part of a new subsidiary called McDonnell Douglas Astronautics, located in Huntington Beach, California, producing the Delta series of launch vehicles. The new", "id": "21028393" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\ndeath, the first launch vehicle based on his designs, the McDonnell Douglas DC-X (Delta Clipper) began a largely successful series of test flights. The DC-X was a vertical-takeoff and vertical landing vehicle. The series of test flights began on 18 August 1993 and continued until the upgraded version of the launch vehicle (renamed the DC-XA) tipped over on landing on July 31, 1996. Among Bono's visionary designs was a 1960 Boeing design for a manned Mars spacecraft capable of carrying a", "id": "3522773" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\neight Block II satellites for flights on the new Delta II expendable Medium Launch Vehicle in lieu of the Space Shuttle. Space Division awarded the Medium Launch Vehicle (MLV) contract to McDonnell-Douglas Astronautics Company on 21 January 1987. However, unlike earlier commercial arrangements, the company would no longer be under contract to NASA. Under the new Commercial Expendable Launch Vehicle program encouraged by president Ronald Reagan since 1983, McDonnell-Douglas would be responsible for producing, marketing and launching its commercial Delta IIs. The Air Force would be", "id": "19923501" }, { "contents": "Mel Hunter\n\n\nfor the years 1960-1962. As Hunter's science fiction career blossomed, so did his technical and scientific illustrations. Hunter's love of air and space took him from California's desert runways to Florida's seacoast launchpads to illustrate every variety of jet-age aircraft and space-age rocket imaginable—from X-15 to Saturn V. One of Hunter's best-known books is \"The Missilemen\", a photo illustrated work published in 1960 by Doubleday. Hunter visited U.S. rocket and missile sites during the late 1950s; he", "id": "20560131" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\na single-stage-to-orbit vehicle. Five companies expressed interest and proposed concepts. Three (LM, Rockwell and McDonnell Douglas) were selected for workup into more detailed proposals. Rockwell proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design. It would have used one Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) and two RL-10-5A engines. In a subsequent full-scale system to reach orbit Rockwell planned to use six Rocketdyne RS-2100 engines. McDonnell Douglas featured a design using liquid oxygen/hydrogen bell engines based on its vertical takeoff", "id": "9997282" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\nresearch ways to make more efficient use of the wing surface during high-speed maneuvers. The Directorate is also a collaborator with DARPA, the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Sandia National Laboratories and AFRL's Space Vehicles Directorate on the FALCON program, which includes the HTV-3X Blackswift hypersonic flight demonstration vehicle. The Air Vehicles Directorate also collaborated with NASA and Boeing on the initial work for the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle and the 80% scaled version, X-40A Space Maneuver Vehicle, prior to the classification of the program and", "id": "1842734" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nparts for re-use. After landing the vehicle would be refit, mated with another tank, and be ready for another mission. Hunter moved to Lockheed in the fall of 1965. On his first day he was asked if there was anything Lockheed should be looking at, and he immediately suggested development of his stage-and-a-half design. His suggestions caught the ear of Eugene Root, president of Lockheed Missiles and Space, who gave him the go-ahead to study what became known as the Star", "id": "7750834" }, { "contents": "PGM-17 Thor\n\n\ndeployment as a missile a few years after deployment, the Thor rocket found widespread use as a space launch vehicle. It was the first in a large family of space launch vehicles—the Delta rockets. The last remaining descendant of the Thor, the Delta II, was retired in 2018, and the Delta IV is based on entirely new technology, unlike the Delta II. see Project Emily Stations and Squadrons Family: Thor IRBM, Thor DM-18 (single stage LV); Thor DM-19 (rocket 1st stage), Thor", "id": "15220989" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthree of its four landing pads deployed, which caused it to tip over on its side and explode. The project has not been continued since. From 1999 to 2001 Rotary Rocket attempted to build a SSTO vehicle called the Roton. It received a large amount of media attention and a working sub-scale prototype was completed, but the design was largely impractical. There have been various approaches to SSTO, including pure rockets that are launched and land vertically, air-breathing scramjet-powered vehicles that are launched and land horizontally", "id": "10328891" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\n. The facilities for testing rockets are frequently used for testing new rocket engines including the RS-68 rocket engine developed for use on the Delta IV launch vehicle. The space propulsion area also develops technologies for use in satellites on-orbit to alter their orbits. An AFRL-developed experimental Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) arcjet was flown on the ARGOS satellite in 1999 as part of the Air Force Space Test Program. The Directorate currently manages the X-51A program, which is developing a scramjet demonstration vehicle. The X-51 program is working", "id": "1842749" }, { "contents": "Laurel van der Wal\n\n\nhonors. Her graduate education was funded in part by a National Research Council fellowship to study aeronautics in Stockholm, Sweden. As a young engineer van der Wal worked at Douglas Aircraft as a data analyst on the Nike missile program, and later designing missile systems for the Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation. Starting in 1958, she was the project engineer on three MIA (Mouse-in-Able) launches from Cape Canaveral, as head of bioastronautics at Space Technology Laboratories. She was named the \"Los Angeles Times\"'s \"", "id": "12236594" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nThe National Launch System (or New Launch System) was a study authorized in 1991 by President George H. W. Bush to outline alternatives to the Space Shuttle for access to Earth orbit. Shortly thereafter, NASA asked Lockheed Missiles and Space, McDonnell Douglas, and TRW to perform a ten-month study. A series of launch vehicles was proposed, based around the proposed Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) liquid-fuel rocket engine. The STME was to be a simplified, expendable version of the Space Shuttle main engine (", "id": "11086741" }, { "contents": "Michael R. Clifford\n\n\nfrom the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and was designated an experimental test pilot. In December 1995, Clifford retired from the army. As a military officer, Clifford was assigned to the Johnson Space Center in July 1987. As a Space Shuttle Vehicle Integration engineer, his duties involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle Program. He was involved in design certification and integration of the Shuttle Crew Escape System, and was an executive board member of the Solid Rocket Booster Postflight Assessment Team. Selected as an astronaut", "id": "18151051" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n. In the Shuttle development effort he led a team working on vehicle aerodynamics and the main engines, which included developing full-scale component tests and scaling methodologies, and applying computational fluid dynamics to overcome a wide range of aerothermochemistry problems. He was Chief of the Aerophysics Division at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center until 1992, when he became Chief Aerodynamicist at the NASA Center. He was awarded the AIAA Aerodynamics Award in 1997 for his exceptional lifetime contributions to the aerodynamic design and analysis of strategic missiles and manned/unmanned launch", "id": "21371187" }, { "contents": "Robert A. Heinlein\n\n\noften in his fiction, as do fictitious strikable self-lighting cigarettes. In 1980 Robert Heinlein was a member of the Citizens Advisory Council on National Space Policy, chaired by Jerry Pournelle, which met at the home of SF writer Larry Niven to write space policy papers for the incoming Reagan Administration. Members included such aerospace industry leaders as former astronaut Buzz Aldrin, General Daniel O. Graham, aerospace engineer Max Hunter and North American Rockwell VP for Space Shuttle development George Merrick. Policy recommendations from the Council included ballistic missile defense concepts", "id": "5599733" }, { "contents": "Wernher von Braun\n\n\nUnited States, along with about 1,600 other German scientists, engineers, and technicians, as part of Operation Paperclip. He worked for the United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) program, and he developed the rockets that launched the United States' first space satellite Explorer 1. His group was assimilated into NASA, where he served as director of the newly formed Marshall Space Flight Center and as the chief architect of the Saturn V super heavy-lift launch vehicle that propelled the Apollo spacecraft to the", "id": "15033628" }, { "contents": "Jarvis (rocket)\n\n\nJarvis was a proposed American medium-lift launch vehicle for space launch, designed by Hughes Aircraft and Boeing during the mid-1980s as part of the joint United States Air Force (USAF)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Launch System (ALS) study. Intended to utilize engines and tooling in storage from the Saturn V rocket program along with Space Shuttle components, and projected to be capable of carrying up to six satellites into multiple orbits using a single launch (e.g. GPS constellation), the proposal failed to meet the ALS", "id": "15822979" }, { "contents": "Robert F. Overmyer\n\n\nMarch 1988, he joined the Space Station Team at McDonnell Douglas Aerospace, where he led crew and operations activities for seven years. He retired from McDonnell Douglas in April 1995 and expanded the scope of Mach Twenty Five International, continuing his aerospace consultation work as well as speaking engagements and writing. Overmyer continued his career as a general aviation test pilot. Having former experience with aeronautical testing at both U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School and NASA, he joined Minnesota-based aircraft manufacturer Cirrus Design (now called Cirrus Aircraft) as", "id": "19963429" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n, nuclear-powered vehicles, and even jet-engine-powered vehicles that can fly into orbit and return landing like an airliner, completely intact. For rocket-powered SSTO, the main challenge is achieving a high enough mass-ratio to carry sufficient propellant to achieve orbit, plus a meaningful payload weight. One possibility is to give the rocket an initial speed with a space gun, as planned in the Quicklaunch project. For air-breathing SSTO, the main challenge is system complexity and associated research and development costs", "id": "10328892" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfuel for increasing efficiency once in space. Further examples of Bono's early concepts (prior to the 1990s) which were never constructed include: Around 1985 the NASP project was intended to launch a scramjet vehicle into orbit, but funding was stopped and the project cancelled. At around the same time, the HOTOL tried to use precooled jet engine technology, but failed to show significant advantages over rocket technology. The DC-X, short for Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed one-third scale vertical takeoff and landing demonstrator", "id": "10328889" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nShuttle design. The detailed study of the cost advantages of the drop tank design demonstrated a dramatic reduction in development risk, and as a result, development costs. When funding for STS development was cut, the drop tank was taken up as a way to meet the developmental budgets, leading to the semi-reusable Space Shuttle design. Maxwell Hunter was working at Douglas Aircraft where he formalized the calculation of aircraft operation economics. His methodologies were first published in 1940, and were later applied to the Douglas DC-6 and DC-7.", "id": "7750829" }, { "contents": "Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle\n\n\nThe Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle, designed for NASA's Project Mercury, was the first American crewed space booster. It was used for six sub-orbital Mercury flights from 1960–61; culminating with the launch of the first, and 11 weeks later, the second American (and the second and third humans) in space. The four subsequent Mercury human spaceflights used the more powerful Atlas booster to enter low Earth orbit. A member of the Redstone rocket family, it was derived from the U.S. Army's Redstone ballistic missile and", "id": "11828011" }, { "contents": "British Aerospace HOTOL\n\n\nspace launch system. In 1982, British Aerospace (BAe), which was Europe's principal satellite-builder, began studying a prospective new launch system with the aim of providing launch costs that were 20 per cent of the American Space Shuttle operated by NASA. BAe became aware of work by British engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce on a suitable engine, and soon conceived of an unmanned, fully reuseable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) winged spaceplane as a launch vehicle. Thus, the project had soon became", "id": "14493503" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\nrole in the civilian NASA Project Mercury, Project Gemini and Project Apollo manned space programs along with military Space Shuttle flights. The mission of the unit today is performed by the 45th Space Wing (no direct lineage). Activated in December 1950, replacing 550th Guided Missiles Wing. the 6555th had a distinguished career launching and/or managing ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and payloads for the Ballistic Systems Division, the Space Systems Division and the Space & Missile Systems Organization. As a Wing or a Group, the 6555th earned ten Air", "id": "19923442" }, { "contents": "William H. Dana\n\n\ncontributions to the lifting body program, Dana received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal. In 1976 he received the Haley Space Flight Award from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) for his research work on the M2-F3 lifting body control systems. A member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Dana is the author of several technical papers. In 1993, he was inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Honor. During the X-15 program, eight pilots flew above 264,000 feet or 50 miles, thereby qualifying as astronauts according to", "id": "8766846" }, { "contents": "USAF Hunter-Killer\n\n\nHunter-Killer is an unofficial project name based upon an \"Aviation Week & Space Technology\" article. The U.S. Air Force's Hunter-Killer program was a tactical unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV) procurement program. The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, a variant of the MQ-1 Predator won the project and was deployed in Afghanistan. This is the U.S. Air Force program for which several companies have developed vehicles. Although the J-UCAS concept is a long way from the early idea of a \"reusable cruise missile\",", "id": "18825446" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nlong as launchers were thrown away, access to space would never be affordable. Several companies had already completed early feasibility studies of fully reusable spacecraft, like the Martin Marietta Astrorocket and Douglas Astro. The designs used two flyback stages, one of which flew back to the launch point, while the other flew into orbit and landed after its mission. Hunter thought that any such design was tantamount to making two aircraft to do the job of one, and it was only the upper stage that was of any real use. By", "id": "7750831" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\ndirector of the CIA under Director William Colby and from 1974–1976 he was the director of the DIA. Ronald Reagan called upon General Graham to be his military advisor for his 1976 and 1980 campaigns. General Graham is a member of the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame. In later years, Graham devoted a lot of time to the research and development of Single-Stage To Orbit (SSTO) spacecraft in conjunction with NASA. McDonnell Douglas was awarded a contract to build an SSTO test vehicle on August 16, 1991, and named", "id": "5770548" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nBased on its experience working with Minuteman assets, Space Vector was tasked by Lockheed in 1980 to help develop the Homing Overlay Experiment (HOE) booster for the U.S. Army which would go on to become the first successful hit-to-kill intercept of a mock ballistic missile warhead outside the Earth’s atmosphere. This technology was later used by the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and expanded into the Exoatmospheric Reentry-vehicle Interception System (ERIS) program. In 1982 Space Vector was tapped by Space Services Inc. of America (", "id": "7487030" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nPhilip Bono (13 January 1921 – 23 May 1993) was a Douglas Aircraft Company engineer. He was a pioneer of reusable vertical landing single-stage to orbit launch vehicles. As a visionary designer, he is credited with inventing the first version of a recoverable single-stage spacecraft booster, and his contributions influenced spacecraft design. Bono pursued single-stage space launch as simpler and cheaper. He realized to do this he would need to use high specific impulse liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engines. Afterwards he proposed to", "id": "3522770" }, { "contents": "Vance D. Coffman\n\n\nin Aerospace Engineering of Iowa State University (ISU). Coffman had three brothers, all of which studied at ISU within the engineering and science departments. Coffman has Master's and Doctorate graduate in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University. In 1967, Coffman joined Lockheed Martin Corporation's Space Systems Division, working on the development of space programs and data processing systems for the corporation. By 1988 he was president of the Space Systems Division. He directed the Hubble Space Telescope project for Lockheed. By 1998 he was the chairman and", "id": "11284872" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n\" commercial parts and currently-available technology, but Lockheed Martin was not interested enough to fund such a program themselves. On February 15, 1989, Pournelle, Graham and Hunter were able to procure a meeting with Vice-President Dan Quayle. They \"sold\" the idea to SDIO by noting that any space-based weapons system would need to be serviced by a spacecraft that was far more reliable than the Space Shuttle, and offer lower launch costs and have much better turnaround times. Given the uncertainties of the design", "id": "15420674" }, { "contents": "Abdul Majid (physicist)\n\n\nand joined Pakistan's Space Program as a researcher in astrophysics and aeronautical labs. Majid worked under the supervision of noted Pakistani-Polish military scientist and aeronautical engineer, Air Commodore W. J. M. Turowicz, in the field of Rocket Technology and published numerous research papers. He is credited for the design and developed the Hypersonic Rocket Launch Vehicle or Hatf Missiles Series during his stay at SUPARCO. In 1983, Dr Majid was put in-charge of Satellite Development Program of Pakistan. He is widely credited for the indigenous development and launching", "id": "14780917" }, { "contents": "Martin Knutson\n\n\n's aging fleet of F-104 support aircraft with F/A-18 Hornets. He also provided leadership for numerous flight research projects including the X-29 forward-swept-wing technology demonstrator; the Controlled Impact Demonstration, the F-15 Digital Electronic Engine Control project that integrated propulsion and flight controls, the Pegasus air-launched rocket for placing small payloads into low-Earth orbit; the CV-990 Landing Systems Research aircraft that tested improved braking systems for the space shuttle; and the F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle. After the Air Force announced the impending retirement", "id": "2519508" }, { "contents": "Pioneer Rocketplane\n\n\nMissile Range Officers’ Club on May 12, 1993. The original concept was developed by then Air Force Captain Mitchell Burnside Clapp, who envisioned an aerial refueled, rocket-powered single-stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicle using jet fuel and hydrogen peroxide. This concept seemed a natural match for the Air Force's TransAtmospheric Vehicle (TAV) mission and studies began at the USAF Phillips Laboratory. Aerospace engineering legend Burt Rutan and noted aircraft designer Dan Raymer contributed input to the development of the design. During the winter of", "id": "17524030" }, { "contents": "Thor (rocket family)\n\n\nThor was a US space launch vehicle derived from the PGM-17 Thor intermediate-range ballistic missile. The Thor rocket was the first member of the Delta rocket family of space launch vehicles. The last launch of a direct derivative of the Thor missile occurred in 2018 as the first stage of the final Delta II. Thor was first used as a launch vehicle during the testing program of the warhead reentry vehicle for the Atlas missile. For these three tests a Thor core stage was topped by the Able second stage. Able used the", "id": "21158637" }, { "contents": "Boeing X-37\n\n\nThe Boeing X-37, also known as the Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), is a reusable robotic spacecraft. It is boosted into space by a launch vehicle, then re-enters Earth's atmosphere and lands as a spaceplane. The X-37 is operated by the United States Air Force for orbital spaceflight missions intended to demonstrate reusable space technologies. It is a 120%-scaled derivative of the earlier Boeing X-40. The X-37 began as a NASA project in 1999, before being transferred to the U.S. Department of Defense in 2004. Its first", "id": "12510871" }, { "contents": "LGM-25C Titan II\n\n\nThe Titan II was an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and space launcher developed by the Glenn L. Martin Company from the earlier Titan I missile. Titan II was originally designed and used as an ICBM, but was later adapted as a medium-lift space launch vehicle to carry payloads to Earth orbit for the United States Air Force (USAF), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Those payloads included the USAF Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), NOAA weather", "id": "10861471" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\non the X-33 experience shared with NASA, Lockheed Martin hoped to make the business case for a full-scale SSTO RLV, called VentureStar, that would be developed and operated through commercial means. The intention was that rather than operate space transport systems as it has with the Space Shuttle, NASA would instead look to private industry to operate the reusable launch vehicle and NASA would purchase launch services from the commercial launch provider. Thus, the X-33 was not only about honing space flight technologies, but also about successfully demonstrating the technology", "id": "9997276" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nmake these vehicles reusable. From his ROOST design onwards Bono advocated space launch vehicles without wings, usually using rocket assisted vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL). According to his estimates, wings consisted mostly of dead weight that decreased launch payload mass. He patented a reusable plug nozzle rocket engine which had dual use as a heat shield for atmospheric reentry. His early 1960s concepts influenced later designs like the 1990s Delta Clipper, also from Douglas. Philip Bono was born in Brooklyn, New York on 13 January 1921. He graduated", "id": "3522771" }, { "contents": "Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment\n\n\nof new space services and other activities that would improve U.S. economic competitiveness. The program implemented the National Space Transportation Policy, which is designed to accelerate the development of new launch technologies and concepts to contribute to the continuing commercialization of the national space launch industry. Both the X-33 and the smaller X-34 technology testbed demonstrator were under the Space Transportation Program Offices at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. The air-launched, winged X-34 also was to demonstrate technologies applicable to future-generation reusable launch vehicles designed to dramatically", "id": "20761669" }, { "contents": "Adolf Thiel\n\n\nfor the Thor ballistic missile, which became a first-stage launch for the Explorer spacecraft. He was director of space projects for TRW when it developed Explorer VI and Pioneer V, two of the earliest US craft to explore interplanetary space. He oversaw all of TRW's space programs during the 1970s. After his retirement in 1980 as a senior vice president, Thiel served as an executive consultant to TRW and on NASA planning groups. He was named a fellow of the American Astronautical Society in 1968. He married Frances Thiel", "id": "11277096" }, { "contents": "BAC Mustard\n\n\nin other space programmes, such as the American Space Shuttle. Mustard was a modular re-usable space launch system, comprising multiple copies of a single vehicle design, each of which was configured for a different role as a booster stage or an orbital spaceplane. The core vehicle design resembled the basic layout of the Douglas Astro, both being delta-winged reusable vehicles, as would the later American Space Shuttle. Furthermore, all three functioned as vertically-launched rockets and used integral wings so that they could land horizontally,", "id": "11296482" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nSSIA) to fabricate and launch the Conestoga I off Matagorda Island, Texas which became the first privately funded rocket to reach space. In 1992 Space Vector teamed with Coleman Research Corporation (now a division of L-3 Communications) and Aerotherm to provide the Army Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC) with 25 Hera target vehicles to support testing of THAAD and Patriot PAC-3 anti-ballistic missile systems. Space Vector went on to earn the distinction in 1997 as the first company to air launch a minuteman based target vehicle. The single", "id": "7487031" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n-range ballistic missile and the large Saturn I booster rocket. Following the Russian Sputnik launch, in July 1960 he moved with other von Braun rocket scientists from the Army Ballistic Missile Agency to the newly founded NASA. There, as part of the Apollo moon-landing program, he made major contributions working on the Saturn V booster rocket, on aerothermodynamics, and on liquid hydrogen propellant systems. He subsequently was involved in numerous projects contributing to the nation's manned and unmanned space flight programs, especially Skylab and the Space Shuttle", "id": "21371186" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nthe NLS-1 core stage. The NLS program did not venture beyond the planning stages and did not survive the Presidency of Bill Clinton, which started in January 1993. In 1992, Daniel Goldin was selected to replace Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly as NASA administrator. Goldin championed the motto, \"faster, better, cheaper,\" which may not have fit the ambitious NLS vision. A NASA history from 1998 says that reusable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) rockets and space planes such as the McDonnell Douglas DC", "id": "11086743" }, { "contents": "Gary Hudson (engineer)\n\n\nGary Hudson has been involved in private spaceflight development for over 40 years. Hudson is best known as the founder of Rotary Rocket Company, which in spending ~$30 Million attempted to build a unique single stage to orbit launch vehicle known as the Roton. Rotary Rocket built a landing test simulator (the Roton ATV) which flew three successful test flights in 1999. He also helped found Transformational Space T/Space in 2004. He also helped found AirLaunch LLC which was awarded the DARPA/USAF FALCON project in 2003. Previous projects", "id": "10746924" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nof Space Shuttle Columbia touched down on Rogers Dry Lakebed, with Astronauts John Young and Robert Crippin successfully landing the first orbiting space vehicle ever to leave the Earth under rocket power and return to Earth aerodynamically for re-use. The \"Flying Wing\" returned to Edwards in the late 1980s when the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber began testing, and at a remote site, the F-117A Nighthawk stealth fighter. Air-Launched Cruise Missile, and LANTIRN systems were also tested during the 1980s. The 1990s saw the arrival of the Lockheed", "id": "14946576" }, { "contents": "Jerry Pournelle\n\n\nof making recommendation to the US Air Force on investment in technologies required to build the missile force to be deployed in 1975. After Project 75 was completed Pournelle became manager of several advanced concept studies. At North American Rockwell’s Space Division, Pournelle was associate director of operations research, where he took part in the Apollo program and general operations. He was founding President of the Pepperdine Research Institute. In 1989, Pournelle, Max Hunter, and retired Army Lieutenant General Daniel O. Graham made a presentation to then Vice President Dan", "id": "16491387" }, { "contents": "United States Air Force Plant 42\n\n\nby McDonnell Douglas, St. Louis, Missouri, and transported by aircraft to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. They were also transported by aircraft from Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility to the Kennedy Space Center. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration had been paying the Air Force for use of Plant 42 facilities for the shuttle work. NASA decided in February 2002 to shift space shuttle overhaul and modification work from Palmdale to Florida. Current projects include design, engineering, pre-production, production, modification, flight testing, servicing and repair", "id": "9173070" }, { "contents": "William C. Schwartz\n\n\nspace vehicles and orbital calculations. He was a member of the founding group within NAA involved with the development of space vehicles and which developed the Apollo program. In the early 1960s, he moved to The Martin Company (later Martin Marietta and now Lockheed Martin), where he managed three departments, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Human Factors for the missile developer. It was during this period that he became involved in laser research and development. Shortly after the invention of the laser in 1960, Martin recognized its potential in", "id": "13650865" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthat could lead to an SSTO vehicle. The one-third-size test craft was operated and maintained by a small team of three people based out of a trailer, and the craft was once relaunched less than 24 hours after landing. Although the test program was not without mishap (including a minor explosion), the DC-X demonstrated that the maintenance aspects of the concept were sound. That project was cancelled when it landed with three of four legs deployed, tipped over, and exploded on the fourth flight after", "id": "10328911" }, { "contents": "Marti Sarigul-Klijn\n\n\nDr. Marti Sarigul-Klijn is an expert at rapidly designing, fabricating, and test flying proof-of-concept prototypes. He holds a Ph.D. in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and is a graduate of the United States Naval Test Pilot School and the United States Naval Academy. After completing twenty years in the Navy with the final rank of Commander, he has since worked on over 20 design proposals that include aircraft, UAV's, rocket propulsion, and space launch vehicles. Seven of these proposals continued to", "id": "11065599" }, { "contents": "Jerauld R. Gentry\n\n\nJerauld Richard \"Jerry\" Gentry (May 16, 1935 – March 3, 2003) was a United States Air Force (USAF) test pilot and Vietnam combat veteran. As chief USAF pilot of the Lifting Body Research Program, he helped validate the concept of flying a wingless vehicle back to Earth from space and landing it like an aircraft—an approach used by the Space Shuttle and to a greater degree by vehicles such as the Lockheed Martin X-33 and NASA X-38. Gentry completed thirty lifting body flights including the first flight", "id": "21488944" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nlifting body shape, composite multi-lobed liquid fuel tanks, and the aerospike engine, NASA and Lockheed Martin hoped to test fly a craft that would demonstrate the viability of a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) design. A spacecraft capable of reaching orbit in a single stage would not require external fuel tanks or boosters to reach low Earth orbit. Doing away with the need for \"staging\" with launch vehicles, such as with the Shuttle and the Apollo rockets, would lead to an inherently more reliable", "id": "9997271" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfor a proposed SSTO. It is one of only a few prototype SSTO vehicles ever built. Several other prototypes were intended, including the DC-X2 (a half-scale prototype) and the DC-Y, a full-scale vehicle which would be capable of single stage insertion into orbit. Neither of these were built, but the project was taken over by NASA in 1995, and they built the DC-XA, an upgraded one-third scale prototype. This vehicle was lost when it landed with only", "id": "10328890" }, { "contents": "Landing gear\n\n\ne.g., the Space Shuttle, or the USAF X-37), landing gear have been largely absent from orbital vehicles during the early decades since the advent of spaceflight technology, when orbital space transport has been the exclusive preserve of national-monopoly governmental space programs. Each spaceflight system to date has relied on expendable boosters to begin each ascent to orbital velocity. Recent advances in private space transport, where new competition to governmental space initiatives has emerged, have included the explicit design of landing gear into orbital booster rockets. SpaceX has initiated", "id": "10876701" }, { "contents": "Eric Boe\n\n\ninvolves work with displays and controls for future space vehicles. He made his first trip to space as pilot of during STS-126 on November 14, 2008. Boe flew his second space flight as pilot on STS-133, the final scheduled flight of the Space Shuttle \"Discovery\" and the third-to-last flight of the Space Shuttle program. In August 2012, Boe was named Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office. In July 2015, NASA announced Boe as one of the first astronauts for U.S. Commercial spaceflights. Subsequently, he", "id": "14264618" }, { "contents": "Melvin B. Zisfein\n\n\nMelvin B. Zisfein (1926-1995) was an aircraft designer and a Deputy Director of the U.S. National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC. Zisfein graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with degrees in aeronautical engineering (B.S. 1948; M.S. 1948) and worked as a designer, aerodynamicist, and manager for aircraft companies from then until 1966. He was associate director of the Franklin Institute Research Laboratories from 1966 to 1971. From 1971 to 1982 he served as the deputy director of the National Air and Space Museum,", "id": "1801139" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nselected from the Air Force's test pilot cadre. Additionally, the AFTC assisted with the testing of rocket engines and re-entry vehicles. Along with the X-15, pilots at Edwards were expanding the frontiers of atmospheric flight, testing the XB-70 Valkyrie high-altitude bomber, along with the YF-12 interceptor for Air Defense Command and the SR-71 Blackbird Strategic Reconnaissance aircraft for Strategic Air Command. With the decline of the military manned space mission after the NASA Lunar Landing Program ended, the Aerospace Research Pilot School was once again re-", "id": "14946574" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nDC-X were hired by Blue Origin, and their New Shepard vehicle was inspired by the DC-X design. Blue Origin does not require the high cross range capabilities, and therefore uses a base-first re-entry profile. Also, the DC-X provided inspiration for many elements of Armadillo Aerospace's, Masten Space Systems's, and TGV Rockets's spacecraft designs. Some NASA engineers believe that the DC-X could provide a solution for a crewed Mars lander. Had a DC-type craft been", "id": "15420693" }, { "contents": "Rockwell X-30\n\n\nThe Rockwell X-30 was an advanced technology demonstrator project for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP), part of a United States project to create a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spacecraft and passenger spaceliner. It was cancelled in the early 1990s before a prototype was completed, although much development work in advanced materials and aerospace design was completed. While a goal of a future NASP was a passenger liner capable of two-hour flights from Washington to Tokyo, the X-30 was planned for a crew of", "id": "16588465" }, { "contents": "SpaceDev\n\n\nSpaceDev, a part of the \"Space Systems Business\" of Sierra Nevada Corporation, is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work. It designed and built components for the hybrid rocket motors for Paul Allen's Tier One suborbital SpaceShipOne space program operated by Scaled Composites. It is also developing micro- and nano-satellites, a small expendable launch vehicle, the SpaceDev Streaker, and has designed a piloted suborbital and orbital spaceship of its own, the SpaceDev Dream Chaser, in collaboration with NASA. SpaceDev is based near San Diego in", "id": "16321029" }, { "contents": "Glenn L. Martin Company\n\n\nby the American space program as one of its first satellite booster rockets as part of Project Vanguard. The Vanguard was the first American space exploration rocket designed from scratch to be an orbital launch vehicle — rather than being a modified sounding rocket (like the Juno I) or a ballistic missile (like the U.S. Army's Redstone missile). Martin also designed and manufactured the huge and heavily armed Titan I and LGM-25C Titan II Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). Martin Company of Orlando, Florida, was the prime contractor for", "id": "10667744" }, { "contents": "Shuttlecraft (Star Trek)\n\n\nplanetary surface and space. Wernher Von Braun in the 1950s conceived of a reusable winged spacecraft as a ferry rocket. Plans for such vehicles were referred to as \"DC-3\" by spacecraft designer Maxime Faget and Integrated Launch and Reentry Vehicle (ILRV) by NASA. During the late 1960s, while \"\" was being broadcast, these concepts became known as Space Shuttle. In a speech given to the British Interplanetary Society in August 1968 George Mueller, head of the NASA Office of Manned Space Flight, mentioned the need for a", "id": "13203374" }, { "contents": "The Aerospace Corporation\n\n\n. Gen. Bernard A. Schriever announced the \"formation of a new nonprofit organization, The Aerospace Corporation, to serve the Air Force in the scientific and technical planning and management of missile-space programs.\" Among the earliest projects it supported were the Dyna-Soar orbital spaceplane, Project Mercury, and the man-rating of the Atlas (rocket) intercontinental ballistic missile. The Aerospace Corporation provided general systems engineering and technical direction for the Titan II missile, first tested in 1962, which became the launch vehicle for Project Gemini", "id": "15141218" }, { "contents": "Timothy Creamer\n\n\nPrior to his astronaut selection in 1998, he had been working as a space operations officer, with the Army Space Command, stationed in Houston, Texas. He is now the Army’s NASA Detachment commander. Creamer was assigned to NASA at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in July 1995 as a Space Shuttle vehicle integration test engineer. His duties primarily involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle. He was actively involved in the integrated tests of the systems for each Orbiter for its preparations for its", "id": "7264360" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nof the rocket, the Clipper Graham soared into the skies over the old White Sands Missile Range to a height of 3,120 meters (10,300 ft) and stayed in the air for over two minutes before landing. That flight was the highest and longest the vehicle had ever flown until then. Robert A. Heinlein dedicated his 1985 novel The Cat Who Walks Through Walls to Graham and eight of the other members of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy. Graham was chairman of the American Space Frontier Committee, the Coalition for", "id": "5770554" }, { "contents": "SpaceX\n\n\nhas one of the largest concentrations of aerospace headquarters, facilities, and/or subsidiaries in the U.S., including Boeing/McDonnell Douglas main satellite building campuses, Aerospace Corp., Raytheon, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Air Force Space Command's Space and Missile Systems Center at Los Angeles Air Force Base, Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems, Northrop Grumman, and AECOM, etc., with a large pool of aerospace engineers and recent college engineering graduates. SpaceX utilizes a high degree of vertical integration in the production of its rockets and rocket", "id": "10001424" }, { "contents": "William H. Gerstenmaier\n\n\n1980, Gerstenmaier moved to Houston, Texas, to work at the Johnson Space Center, researching propulsion related to the Space Shuttle, and was involved in the earliest phases of the International Space Station design. In 1984, he was a semi-finalist in the selection for NASA Astronaut Group 10. In 1988, he first served as manager of Space Shuttle Program Integration, and then went on to serve as head of the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle Operations Office. Following that, he became Director of Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom", "id": "13055214" }, { "contents": "Bruno Augenstein\n\n\nBruno Wilhelm Augenstein (March 16, 1923 – July 6, 2005) was a German-born mathematician and physicist who made important contributions in space technology, ballistic missile research, satellites, antimatter, and many other areas. Augenstein worked in the Aerophysics Laboratory at North American Aviation on diverse projects including weaponization of the V-2 rocket, a ramjet-powered vehicle that later became the Navajo missile. He entered RAND Corporation as a consultant and subcontractor in 1949. Initially at RAND he developed an interest in long range missiles. Augenstein", "id": "1664472" }, { "contents": "Robert R. Gilruth\n\n\nRobert Rowe Gilruth (October 8, 1913 – August 17, 2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. He worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics from 1937 to 1958 and its successor NASA, until his retirement in 1973. He was involved with early research into supersonic flight and rocket-powered aircraft, and then with the United States manned space program, including the Mercury, Gemini", "id": "19875506" } ]

[ { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nMaxwell White Hunter II (March 11, 1922 – November 10, 2001) was a prominent American aerospace engineer. He worked on the design of the Douglas B-42 and Douglas B-43 bombers, the Honest John, Nike-Ajax, and Nike-Zeus missiles, the Thor IRBM, and on parts of the Strategic Defense Initiative. In later years he worked on space-launch vehicles and was a proponent of Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) designs. He was honored in 1995 by the National Space Society", "id": "13829898" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvariety of projects including parts of the mammoth Strategic Defense Initiative. SDI gave him a chance at realizing a dream he had nurtured since the 1960s: the construction of a Single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle. In 1984, Hunter proposed a vehicle he called the X-rocket, based on those earlier SSTO designs. The design was reviewed by LMSC's Astronautics Division (AD), which judged it worth pursuing, and by its Missile Systems Division (MSD), which did not. LMSC then", "id": "13829902" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\npayloads into Earth orbit today. After working for Douglas Aircraft from 1944 to 1961, Hunter joined the staff of the National Aeronautics and Space Council, a group that advised the U.S. president on space policy. Following several years in that position, he went back to the aerospace industry in 1965, spending over two decades with Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (LMSC). (LMSC was a division of Lockheed Corporation, which merged with Martin Marietta in 1995 to become Lockheed-Martin.) At LMSC, Hunter worked on a", "id": "13829901" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nspace systems. In this position he oversaw the production of military missiles including the Honest John artillery rocket, the Nike antiaircraft missile, and the Sparrow air-to-air missile. Douglas Aircraft began work on the Thor, an early Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM), in late 1955 and put Hunter in charge of that program. He assembled a small team of crack designers and brought the development to success in a short time. Thor became the basis of the McDonnell Douglas Delta rocket, whose descendants are still boosting", "id": "13829900" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nand High Frontier convinced SDI management and other national officials that a study should be initiated to determine once and for all the feasibility of SSTO vehicles for military missions. This led to a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) program to design a single-stage vehicle that could replace military satellites on short notice during a national emergency. This vehicle was known as the Delta Clipper. McDonnell Douglas Corporation was contracted to build and test fly a one-third-scale, suborbital testbed called the DC-X, or Delta Clipper", "id": "13829904" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nvehicle tipped over at landing. Funding to make repairs and continue flight tests was not made available. Max Hunter continued to advise on space policy issues and advocate the building of SSTO vehicles for airline-like access to space, a goal he was sure could be attained. He chaired the Rules Committee for the Ansari X Prize, announced in 1996, a $10 million prize for the first reusable craft to reach space twice within two weeks without substantial refit. In October 2000, he agreed to serve as Chairman of the", "id": "13829906" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nExperimental. While not capable of spaceflight, the DC-X incorporated many of the technologies needed for an SSTO vehicle, including highly automated systems enabling a quick turnaround (just twenty-six hours) between launches. It made eight successful test flights between August 18, 1993, and July 7, 1995, and then was taken over by NASA and flown four times as the DC-XA between May 18 and July 31, 1996. It was damaged on its last flight when one landing strut failed to deploy and the", "id": "13829905" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nfor lifelong contributions to the technology of spaceflight. Maxwell Hunter was born in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania and graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in that state with a degree in physics and mathematics. In 1944, he earned a Master's Degree in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). After earning his MS from MIT, Hunter went to work for the Douglas Aircraft Company. He became their chief designer in aeronautics, working on modifications of the B-42 and B-43 bombers. Later he was promoted to chief engineer for", "id": "13829899" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\ndeclined to support further work on the X-rocket, and Hunter retired. As an independent consultant, he renamed the concept SSX (for Space Ship Experimental), and began to refine it. In December 1988 the ad hoc Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy was briefed on the concept by Hunter and others. The general concept was endorsed by the Council and by High Frontier, Inc., a Washington-based group headed by Lt. Gen. Daniel O. Graham that lobbied for SDI programs. Working together, Hunter", "id": "13829903" }, { "contents": "Maxwell Hunter\n\n\nAdvisory Board for the Undersea Hotel Project of the Cala Corporation. He died at Stanford Hospital, Stanford, California on the evening of November 10, 2001 after a lingering illness. Max Hunter was Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Beta Pi, and a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), the American Astronautical Society (AAS), and the British Interplanetary Society (BIS). He was also a member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) and an honorary member of the Japanese Rocket Society", "id": "13829907" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nThe DC-X, short for Delta Clipper or Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed prototype of a reusable single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle built by McDonnell Douglas in conjunction with the United States Department of Defense's Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) from 1991 to 1993. Starting 1994 until 1995, testing continued through funding of the US civil space agency NASA. In 1996, the DC-X technology was completely transferred to NASA, which upgraded the design for improved performance to create the DC-XA", "id": "15420672" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nvehicles was prepared by Chrysler Corporation's Space Division in 1970–1971 under NASA contract NAS8-26341. Their proposal (Shuttle SERV) was an enormous vehicle with more than of payload, utilizing jet engines for (vertical) landing. While the technical problems seemed to be solvable, the USAF required a winged design that led to the Shuttle as we know it today. The uncrewed DC-X technology demonstrator, originally developed by McDonnell Douglas for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program office, was an attempt to build a vehicle", "id": "10328910" }, { "contents": "David Urie\n\n\nsystem before initiating and heading the Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) and X-33 Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Programs at Lockheed. Urie's work as the program manager for the previously classified Have Region project demonstrated that rocket-powered single-stage-to-orbit vehicles were technically feasible, which led to the Lockheed Martin SSTO design approach. As a Director of the Lockheed-Martin Skunk Works SSTO/RLV Advanced Technology Demonstration Program, Urie conceived and developed the aerospike rocket propelled lifting body that was selected by NASA as", "id": "20876395" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nearly stages of flight; and flight within Earth's atmosphere, which limits speed in the early stages of flight and influences engine performance. Additionally, the retirement of NASA's Shuttle launch vehicle has resulted in a substantial reduction in the cost to launch a kilogram of payload to either low Earth orbit or the International Space Station, removing the main projected advantage of the SSTO concept. Notable single stage to orbit concepts include Skylon, the DC-X, the Lockheed Martin X-33, and the Roton SSTO. However, despite showing", "id": "10328885" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nThe Lockheed Martin X-33 was an uncrewed, sub-scale technology demonstrator suborbital spaceplane developed in the 1990s under the U.S. government-funded Space Launch Initiative program. The X-33 was a technology demonstrator for the VentureStar orbital spaceplane, which was planned to be a next-generation, commercially operated reusable launch vehicle. The X-33 would flight-test a range of technologies that NASA believed it needed for single-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicles (SSTO RLVs), such as metallic thermal protection systems, composite cryogenic fuel tanks", "id": "9997267" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n. During the 1960s some of the first concept designs for this kind of craft began to emerge. One of the earliest SSTO concepts was the expendable One stage Orbital Space Truck (OOST) proposed by Philip Bono, an engineer for Douglas Aircraft Company. A reusable version named ROOST was also proposed. Another early SSTO concept was a reusable launch vehicle named NEXUS which was proposed by Krafft Arnold Ehricke in the early 1960s. It was one of the largest spacecraft ever conceptualized with a diameter of over 50 metres and the capability to", "id": "10328887" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n. According to writer Jerry Pournelle: \"DC-X was conceived in my living room and sold to National Space Council Chairman Dan Quayle by General Graham, Max Hunter and me.\" According to Max Hunter, however, he had tried hard to convince Lockheed Martin of the concept's value for several years before he retired. Hunter had written a paper in 1985 entitled \"The Opportunity\", detailing the concept of a Single-Stage-To-Orbit spacecraft built with low-cost \"off-the-shelf", "id": "15420673" }, { "contents": "Rob Meyerson\n\n\nInitiative contract with NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. Meyerson launched his career as an aerospace engineer at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) from 1985 to 1997 working on human spaceflight systems, including the aerodynamic design of the Space Shuttle orbiter drag parachute, as well as the overall design, integration, and flight test of a gliding parachute for the X-38 Crew Rescue Vehicle, a crew return vehicle designed to return astronauts to earth from the International Space Station. Meyerson began with NASA in 1985 as a cooperative education student at JSC", "id": "8603673" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nfor the X-33 was selected over competing concepts from Boeing and McDonnell Douglas. Boeing proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design, and McDonnell Douglas proposed a design based on its vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL) DC-XA test vehicle. The uncrewed X-33 was slated to fly 15 suborbital hops to near 75.8 km altitude. It was to be launched upright like a rocket and rather than having a straight flight path it would fly diagonally up for half the flight, reaching extremely high altitudes, and then for the rest of the", "id": "9997274" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nThe methodologies were later adopted as a standard by the Air Transport Association. He later joined the Thor missile project as the chief design engineer, and this introduced him to the world of space launchers. With new upper stages, Thor became the Delta, one of the most-used launchers in the 1960s. In spite of Thor's success, Hunter was dissatisfied with the state of the launcher market and later wrote that \"by the end of 1963 the state of recoverable rockets was terrible.\" He was convinced that as", "id": "7750830" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nit the DC-X for Delta Clipper Experimental. The name honored the firm's successful Thor/Delta rocket and recalled the famous 19th-century commercial clipper ships. The McDonnell Douglas SSTO team saw the Delta Clipper as opening the \"space trade routes in the same way that the Yankee Clipper ships opened the sea trade routes.\" The needs of the commercial launch industry thus were integral to the thinking of the McDonnell Douglas DC-X team. General Graham envisioned the DC-X as the perfect inexpensive launch and delivery", "id": "5770549" }, { "contents": "George Huebner\n\n\nproduce intercontinental ballistic missiles. Huebner was named executive engineer in charge of Chrysler's Missile Branch. At the time he was serving as executive engineer of research for Chrysler in their automotive division. He developed a complete research and development missile facility that included engineering, testing, and production of the Redstone rocket. These rockets ultimately launched into orbit the first U.S. satellites and the first manned space flights. Huebner worked closely with Wernher von Braun on the space program. For two years he worked on this rocket project and then went back", "id": "15004097" }, { "contents": "Reusable launch system\n\n\nthe McDonnell Douglas Delta Clipper VTOL SSTO proposal progressed to the testing phase. The DC-X prototype demonstrated rapid turnaround time and automatic computer control. In mid-1990, British research evolved an earlier HOTOL design into the far more promising Skylon design, which remains in development. From the commercial side, Rocketplane Kistler and Rotary Rocket attempted to build reusable privately developed rockets before going bankrupt. NASA proposed risky reusable concepts to replace the Shuttle technology, to be demonstrated under the X-33 and X-34 programs, which were both cancelled in the early", "id": "19421229" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\na number of SSTO advocates to reconsider hydrogen as a satisfactory fuel. The late Max Hunter, while employing hydrogen fuel in the DC-X, often said that he thought the first successful orbital SSTO would more likely be fueled by propane. Some SSTO concepts use the same engine for all altitudes, which is a problem for traditional engines with a bell-shaped nozzle. Depending on the atmospheric pressure, different bell shapes are optimal. Engines operating in the lower atmosphere have shorter bells than those designed to work in vacuum.", "id": "10328899" }, { "contents": "George Mueller (NASA)\n\n\ndesigns ranged from 'simple' concepts like Martin Marietta's six person reusable craft similar to the Dyna-Soar (launched by a Titan III-M), to partially reusable concepts like Lockheed's Star Clipper or Tip Tank from McDonnell Douglas, to fully reusable two-stage vehicles like the one proposed by General Dynamics. Following this symposium Mueller continued to champion a \"space shuttle\". He did not invent the term, but he made it his own. He was also a keen proponent of space stations and was", "id": "16249187" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nIn October 2000, Beal Aerospace ceased operations citing a decision by NASA and the Department of Defense to commit themselves to the development of the competing government-financed EELV program. In 1998 Rotary Rocket proposed the Roton, a Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) piloted Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) space transport. A full scale Roton Atmospheric Test Vehicle flew three times in 1999. After spending tens of millions of dollars in development the Roton failed to secure launch contracts and Rotary Rocket ceased operations in 2001. On", "id": "288621" }, { "contents": "List of human spaceflight programs\n\n\ncommissioned by the Russian Aerospace Agency since 1993. The Kankoh-maru (観光丸? Kankōmaru) is the name of a proposed vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL), single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), reusable launch system (rocket-powered spacecraft). The Ansari X Prize was a space competition in which the X Prize Foundation offered a US$10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable crewed spacecraft into space twice within two weeks. Twenty-six teams from around the world", "id": "19978394" }, { "contents": "Private spaceflight\n\n\nby 2016, and some space ventures have had to turn away investor funding. After earlier first effort of OTRAG, in the 1990s the projection of a significant demand for communications satellite launches attracted the development of a number of commercial space launch providers. The launch demand largely vanished when some of the largest satellite constellations, such as 288 satellite Teledesic network, were never built. In 1996 NASA selected Lockheed Martin Skunk Works to build the X-33 VentureStar prototype for a single stage to orbit (SSTO) reusable launch vehicle. In 1999", "id": "288619" }, { "contents": "James Smith McDonnell\n\n\nMcDonnell Aircraft Corporation in 1939. Headquartered in St. Louis, the company quickly grew into a principal supplier of fighter aircraft to the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy, including the F-4 Phantom II fighter and the Mercury and Gemini space capsules. In 1967, McDonnell Aircraft merged with the Douglas Aircraft Company to create McDonnell Douglas. Later that year Douglas Aircraft Company's space and missiles division became part of a new subsidiary called McDonnell Douglas Astronautics, located in Huntington Beach, California, producing the Delta series of launch vehicles. The new", "id": "21028393" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\ndeath, the first launch vehicle based on his designs, the McDonnell Douglas DC-X (Delta Clipper) began a largely successful series of test flights. The DC-X was a vertical-takeoff and vertical landing vehicle. The series of test flights began on 18 August 1993 and continued until the upgraded version of the launch vehicle (renamed the DC-XA) tipped over on landing on July 31, 1996. Among Bono's visionary designs was a 1960 Boeing design for a manned Mars spacecraft capable of carrying a", "id": "3522773" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\neight Block II satellites for flights on the new Delta II expendable Medium Launch Vehicle in lieu of the Space Shuttle. Space Division awarded the Medium Launch Vehicle (MLV) contract to McDonnell-Douglas Astronautics Company on 21 January 1987. However, unlike earlier commercial arrangements, the company would no longer be under contract to NASA. Under the new Commercial Expendable Launch Vehicle program encouraged by president Ronald Reagan since 1983, McDonnell-Douglas would be responsible for producing, marketing and launching its commercial Delta IIs. The Air Force would be", "id": "19923501" }, { "contents": "Mel Hunter\n\n\nfor the years 1960-1962. As Hunter's science fiction career blossomed, so did his technical and scientific illustrations. Hunter's love of air and space took him from California's desert runways to Florida's seacoast launchpads to illustrate every variety of jet-age aircraft and space-age rocket imaginable—from X-15 to Saturn V. One of Hunter's best-known books is \"The Missilemen\", a photo illustrated work published in 1960 by Doubleday. Hunter visited U.S. rocket and missile sites during the late 1950s; he", "id": "20560131" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\na single-stage-to-orbit vehicle. Five companies expressed interest and proposed concepts. Three (LM, Rockwell and McDonnell Douglas) were selected for workup into more detailed proposals. Rockwell proposed a Space Shuttle-derived design. It would have used one Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) and two RL-10-5A engines. In a subsequent full-scale system to reach orbit Rockwell planned to use six Rocketdyne RS-2100 engines. McDonnell Douglas featured a design using liquid oxygen/hydrogen bell engines based on its vertical takeoff", "id": "9997282" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\nresearch ways to make more efficient use of the wing surface during high-speed maneuvers. The Directorate is also a collaborator with DARPA, the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Sandia National Laboratories and AFRL's Space Vehicles Directorate on the FALCON program, which includes the HTV-3X Blackswift hypersonic flight demonstration vehicle. The Air Vehicles Directorate also collaborated with NASA and Boeing on the initial work for the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle and the 80% scaled version, X-40A Space Maneuver Vehicle, prior to the classification of the program and", "id": "1842734" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nparts for re-use. After landing the vehicle would be refit, mated with another tank, and be ready for another mission. Hunter moved to Lockheed in the fall of 1965. On his first day he was asked if there was anything Lockheed should be looking at, and he immediately suggested development of his stage-and-a-half design. His suggestions caught the ear of Eugene Root, president of Lockheed Missiles and Space, who gave him the go-ahead to study what became known as the Star", "id": "7750834" }, { "contents": "PGM-17 Thor\n\n\ndeployment as a missile a few years after deployment, the Thor rocket found widespread use as a space launch vehicle. It was the first in a large family of space launch vehicles—the Delta rockets. The last remaining descendant of the Thor, the Delta II, was retired in 2018, and the Delta IV is based on entirely new technology, unlike the Delta II. see Project Emily Stations and Squadrons Family: Thor IRBM, Thor DM-18 (single stage LV); Thor DM-19 (rocket 1st stage), Thor", "id": "15220989" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthree of its four landing pads deployed, which caused it to tip over on its side and explode. The project has not been continued since. From 1999 to 2001 Rotary Rocket attempted to build a SSTO vehicle called the Roton. It received a large amount of media attention and a working sub-scale prototype was completed, but the design was largely impractical. There have been various approaches to SSTO, including pure rockets that are launched and land vertically, air-breathing scramjet-powered vehicles that are launched and land horizontally", "id": "10328891" }, { "contents": "Air Force Research Laboratory\n\n\n. The facilities for testing rockets are frequently used for testing new rocket engines including the RS-68 rocket engine developed for use on the Delta IV launch vehicle. The space propulsion area also develops technologies for use in satellites on-orbit to alter their orbits. An AFRL-developed experimental Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) arcjet was flown on the ARGOS satellite in 1999 as part of the Air Force Space Test Program. The Directorate currently manages the X-51A program, which is developing a scramjet demonstration vehicle. The X-51 program is working", "id": "1842749" }, { "contents": "Laurel van der Wal\n\n\nhonors. Her graduate education was funded in part by a National Research Council fellowship to study aeronautics in Stockholm, Sweden. As a young engineer van der Wal worked at Douglas Aircraft as a data analyst on the Nike missile program, and later designing missile systems for the Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation. Starting in 1958, she was the project engineer on three MIA (Mouse-in-Able) launches from Cape Canaveral, as head of bioastronautics at Space Technology Laboratories. She was named the \"Los Angeles Times\"'s \"", "id": "12236594" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nThe National Launch System (or New Launch System) was a study authorized in 1991 by President George H. W. Bush to outline alternatives to the Space Shuttle for access to Earth orbit. Shortly thereafter, NASA asked Lockheed Missiles and Space, McDonnell Douglas, and TRW to perform a ten-month study. A series of launch vehicles was proposed, based around the proposed Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) liquid-fuel rocket engine. The STME was to be a simplified, expendable version of the Space Shuttle main engine (", "id": "11086741" }, { "contents": "Michael R. Clifford\n\n\nfrom the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and was designated an experimental test pilot. In December 1995, Clifford retired from the army. As a military officer, Clifford was assigned to the Johnson Space Center in July 1987. As a Space Shuttle Vehicle Integration engineer, his duties involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle Program. He was involved in design certification and integration of the Shuttle Crew Escape System, and was an executive board member of the Solid Rocket Booster Postflight Assessment Team. Selected as an astronaut", "id": "18151051" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n. In the Shuttle development effort he led a team working on vehicle aerodynamics and the main engines, which included developing full-scale component tests and scaling methodologies, and applying computational fluid dynamics to overcome a wide range of aerothermochemistry problems. He was Chief of the Aerophysics Division at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center until 1992, when he became Chief Aerodynamicist at the NASA Center. He was awarded the AIAA Aerodynamics Award in 1997 for his exceptional lifetime contributions to the aerodynamic design and analysis of strategic missiles and manned/unmanned launch", "id": "21371187" }, { "contents": "Robert A. Heinlein\n\n\noften in his fiction, as do fictitious strikable self-lighting cigarettes. In 1980 Robert Heinlein was a member of the Citizens Advisory Council on National Space Policy, chaired by Jerry Pournelle, which met at the home of SF writer Larry Niven to write space policy papers for the incoming Reagan Administration. Members included such aerospace industry leaders as former astronaut Buzz Aldrin, General Daniel O. Graham, aerospace engineer Max Hunter and North American Rockwell VP for Space Shuttle development George Merrick. Policy recommendations from the Council included ballistic missile defense concepts", "id": "5599733" }, { "contents": "Wernher von Braun\n\n\nUnited States, along with about 1,600 other German scientists, engineers, and technicians, as part of Operation Paperclip. He worked for the United States Army on an intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) program, and he developed the rockets that launched the United States' first space satellite Explorer 1. His group was assimilated into NASA, where he served as director of the newly formed Marshall Space Flight Center and as the chief architect of the Saturn V super heavy-lift launch vehicle that propelled the Apollo spacecraft to the", "id": "15033628" }, { "contents": "Jarvis (rocket)\n\n\nJarvis was a proposed American medium-lift launch vehicle for space launch, designed by Hughes Aircraft and Boeing during the mid-1980s as part of the joint United States Air Force (USAF)/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Launch System (ALS) study. Intended to utilize engines and tooling in storage from the Saturn V rocket program along with Space Shuttle components, and projected to be capable of carrying up to six satellites into multiple orbits using a single launch (e.g. GPS constellation), the proposal failed to meet the ALS", "id": "15822979" }, { "contents": "Robert F. Overmyer\n\n\nMarch 1988, he joined the Space Station Team at McDonnell Douglas Aerospace, where he led crew and operations activities for seven years. He retired from McDonnell Douglas in April 1995 and expanded the scope of Mach Twenty Five International, continuing his aerospace consultation work as well as speaking engagements and writing. Overmyer continued his career as a general aviation test pilot. Having former experience with aeronautical testing at both U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School and NASA, he joined Minnesota-based aircraft manufacturer Cirrus Design (now called Cirrus Aircraft) as", "id": "19963429" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\n, nuclear-powered vehicles, and even jet-engine-powered vehicles that can fly into orbit and return landing like an airliner, completely intact. For rocket-powered SSTO, the main challenge is achieving a high enough mass-ratio to carry sufficient propellant to achieve orbit, plus a meaningful payload weight. One possibility is to give the rocket an initial speed with a space gun, as planned in the Quicklaunch project. For air-breathing SSTO, the main challenge is system complexity and associated research and development costs", "id": "10328892" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfuel for increasing efficiency once in space. Further examples of Bono's early concepts (prior to the 1990s) which were never constructed include: Around 1985 the NASP project was intended to launch a scramjet vehicle into orbit, but funding was stopped and the project cancelled. At around the same time, the HOTOL tried to use precooled jet engine technology, but failed to show significant advantages over rocket technology. The DC-X, short for Delta Clipper Experimental, was an uncrewed one-third scale vertical takeoff and landing demonstrator", "id": "10328889" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nShuttle design. The detailed study of the cost advantages of the drop tank design demonstrated a dramatic reduction in development risk, and as a result, development costs. When funding for STS development was cut, the drop tank was taken up as a way to meet the developmental budgets, leading to the semi-reusable Space Shuttle design. Maxwell Hunter was working at Douglas Aircraft where he formalized the calculation of aircraft operation economics. His methodologies were first published in 1940, and were later applied to the Douglas DC-6 and DC-7.", "id": "7750829" }, { "contents": "Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle\n\n\nThe Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle, designed for NASA's Project Mercury, was the first American crewed space booster. It was used for six sub-orbital Mercury flights from 1960–61; culminating with the launch of the first, and 11 weeks later, the second American (and the second and third humans) in space. The four subsequent Mercury human spaceflights used the more powerful Atlas booster to enter low Earth orbit. A member of the Redstone rocket family, it was derived from the U.S. Army's Redstone ballistic missile and", "id": "11828011" }, { "contents": "British Aerospace HOTOL\n\n\nspace launch system. In 1982, British Aerospace (BAe), which was Europe's principal satellite-builder, began studying a prospective new launch system with the aim of providing launch costs that were 20 per cent of the American Space Shuttle operated by NASA. BAe became aware of work by British engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce on a suitable engine, and soon conceived of an unmanned, fully reuseable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) winged spaceplane as a launch vehicle. Thus, the project had soon became", "id": "14493503" }, { "contents": "6555th Aerospace Test Group\n\n\nrole in the civilian NASA Project Mercury, Project Gemini and Project Apollo manned space programs along with military Space Shuttle flights. The mission of the unit today is performed by the 45th Space Wing (no direct lineage). Activated in December 1950, replacing 550th Guided Missiles Wing. the 6555th had a distinguished career launching and/or managing ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and payloads for the Ballistic Systems Division, the Space Systems Division and the Space & Missile Systems Organization. As a Wing or a Group, the 6555th earned ten Air", "id": "19923442" }, { "contents": "William H. Dana\n\n\ncontributions to the lifting body program, Dana received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal. In 1976 he received the Haley Space Flight Award from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) for his research work on the M2-F3 lifting body control systems. A member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Dana is the author of several technical papers. In 1993, he was inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Honor. During the X-15 program, eight pilots flew above 264,000 feet or 50 miles, thereby qualifying as astronauts according to", "id": "8766846" }, { "contents": "USAF Hunter-Killer\n\n\nHunter-Killer is an unofficial project name based upon an \"Aviation Week & Space Technology\" article. The U.S. Air Force's Hunter-Killer program was a tactical unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV) procurement program. The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper, a variant of the MQ-1 Predator won the project and was deployed in Afghanistan. This is the U.S. Air Force program for which several companies have developed vehicles. Although the J-UCAS concept is a long way from the early idea of a \"reusable cruise missile\",", "id": "18825446" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Star Clipper\n\n\nlong as launchers were thrown away, access to space would never be affordable. Several companies had already completed early feasibility studies of fully reusable spacecraft, like the Martin Marietta Astrorocket and Douglas Astro. The designs used two flyback stages, one of which flew back to the launch point, while the other flew into orbit and landed after its mission. Hunter thought that any such design was tantamount to making two aircraft to do the job of one, and it was only the upper stage that was of any real use. By", "id": "7750831" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\ndirector of the CIA under Director William Colby and from 1974–1976 he was the director of the DIA. Ronald Reagan called upon General Graham to be his military advisor for his 1976 and 1980 campaigns. General Graham is a member of the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame. In later years, Graham devoted a lot of time to the research and development of Single-Stage To Orbit (SSTO) spacecraft in conjunction with NASA. McDonnell Douglas was awarded a contract to build an SSTO test vehicle on August 16, 1991, and named", "id": "5770548" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nBased on its experience working with Minuteman assets, Space Vector was tasked by Lockheed in 1980 to help develop the Homing Overlay Experiment (HOE) booster for the U.S. Army which would go on to become the first successful hit-to-kill intercept of a mock ballistic missile warhead outside the Earth’s atmosphere. This technology was later used by the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and expanded into the Exoatmospheric Reentry-vehicle Interception System (ERIS) program. In 1982 Space Vector was tapped by Space Services Inc. of America (", "id": "7487030" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nPhilip Bono (13 January 1921 – 23 May 1993) was a Douglas Aircraft Company engineer. He was a pioneer of reusable vertical landing single-stage to orbit launch vehicles. As a visionary designer, he is credited with inventing the first version of a recoverable single-stage spacecraft booster, and his contributions influenced spacecraft design. Bono pursued single-stage space launch as simpler and cheaper. He realized to do this he would need to use high specific impulse liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engines. Afterwards he proposed to", "id": "3522770" }, { "contents": "Vance D. Coffman\n\n\nin Aerospace Engineering of Iowa State University (ISU). Coffman had three brothers, all of which studied at ISU within the engineering and science departments. Coffman has Master's and Doctorate graduate in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University. In 1967, Coffman joined Lockheed Martin Corporation's Space Systems Division, working on the development of space programs and data processing systems for the corporation. By 1988 he was president of the Space Systems Division. He directed the Hubble Space Telescope project for Lockheed. By 1998 he was the chairman and", "id": "11284872" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\n\" commercial parts and currently-available technology, but Lockheed Martin was not interested enough to fund such a program themselves. On February 15, 1989, Pournelle, Graham and Hunter were able to procure a meeting with Vice-President Dan Quayle. They \"sold\" the idea to SDIO by noting that any space-based weapons system would need to be serviced by a spacecraft that was far more reliable than the Space Shuttle, and offer lower launch costs and have much better turnaround times. Given the uncertainties of the design", "id": "15420674" }, { "contents": "Abdul Majid (physicist)\n\n\nand joined Pakistan's Space Program as a researcher in astrophysics and aeronautical labs. Majid worked under the supervision of noted Pakistani-Polish military scientist and aeronautical engineer, Air Commodore W. J. M. Turowicz, in the field of Rocket Technology and published numerous research papers. He is credited for the design and developed the Hypersonic Rocket Launch Vehicle or Hatf Missiles Series during his stay at SUPARCO. In 1983, Dr Majid was put in-charge of Satellite Development Program of Pakistan. He is widely credited for the indigenous development and launching", "id": "14780917" }, { "contents": "Martin Knutson\n\n\n's aging fleet of F-104 support aircraft with F/A-18 Hornets. He also provided leadership for numerous flight research projects including the X-29 forward-swept-wing technology demonstrator; the Controlled Impact Demonstration, the F-15 Digital Electronic Engine Control project that integrated propulsion and flight controls, the Pegasus air-launched rocket for placing small payloads into low-Earth orbit; the CV-990 Landing Systems Research aircraft that tested improved braking systems for the space shuttle; and the F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle. After the Air Force announced the impending retirement", "id": "2519508" }, { "contents": "Pioneer Rocketplane\n\n\nMissile Range Officers’ Club on May 12, 1993. The original concept was developed by then Air Force Captain Mitchell Burnside Clapp, who envisioned an aerial refueled, rocket-powered single-stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicle using jet fuel and hydrogen peroxide. This concept seemed a natural match for the Air Force's TransAtmospheric Vehicle (TAV) mission and studies began at the USAF Phillips Laboratory. Aerospace engineering legend Burt Rutan and noted aircraft designer Dan Raymer contributed input to the development of the design. During the winter of", "id": "17524030" }, { "contents": "Thor (rocket family)\n\n\nThor was a US space launch vehicle derived from the PGM-17 Thor intermediate-range ballistic missile. The Thor rocket was the first member of the Delta rocket family of space launch vehicles. The last launch of a direct derivative of the Thor missile occurred in 2018 as the first stage of the final Delta II. Thor was first used as a launch vehicle during the testing program of the warhead reentry vehicle for the Atlas missile. For these three tests a Thor core stage was topped by the Able second stage. Able used the", "id": "21158637" }, { "contents": "Boeing X-37\n\n\nThe Boeing X-37, also known as the Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), is a reusable robotic spacecraft. It is boosted into space by a launch vehicle, then re-enters Earth's atmosphere and lands as a spaceplane. The X-37 is operated by the United States Air Force for orbital spaceflight missions intended to demonstrate reusable space technologies. It is a 120%-scaled derivative of the earlier Boeing X-40. The X-37 began as a NASA project in 1999, before being transferred to the U.S. Department of Defense in 2004. Its first", "id": "12510871" }, { "contents": "LGM-25C Titan II\n\n\nThe Titan II was an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and space launcher developed by the Glenn L. Martin Company from the earlier Titan I missile. Titan II was originally designed and used as an ICBM, but was later adapted as a medium-lift space launch vehicle to carry payloads to Earth orbit for the United States Air Force (USAF), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Those payloads included the USAF Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), NOAA weather", "id": "10861471" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\non the X-33 experience shared with NASA, Lockheed Martin hoped to make the business case for a full-scale SSTO RLV, called VentureStar, that would be developed and operated through commercial means. The intention was that rather than operate space transport systems as it has with the Space Shuttle, NASA would instead look to private industry to operate the reusable launch vehicle and NASA would purchase launch services from the commercial launch provider. Thus, the X-33 was not only about honing space flight technologies, but also about successfully demonstrating the technology", "id": "9997276" }, { "contents": "Philip Bono\n\n\nmake these vehicles reusable. From his ROOST design onwards Bono advocated space launch vehicles without wings, usually using rocket assisted vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL). According to his estimates, wings consisted mostly of dead weight that decreased launch payload mass. He patented a reusable plug nozzle rocket engine which had dual use as a heat shield for atmospheric reentry. His early 1960s concepts influenced later designs like the 1990s Delta Clipper, also from Douglas. Philip Bono was born in Brooklyn, New York on 13 January 1921. He graduated", "id": "3522771" }, { "contents": "Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment\n\n\nof new space services and other activities that would improve U.S. economic competitiveness. The program implemented the National Space Transportation Policy, which is designed to accelerate the development of new launch technologies and concepts to contribute to the continuing commercialization of the national space launch industry. Both the X-33 and the smaller X-34 technology testbed demonstrator were under the Space Transportation Program Offices at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. The air-launched, winged X-34 also was to demonstrate technologies applicable to future-generation reusable launch vehicles designed to dramatically", "id": "20761669" }, { "contents": "Adolf Thiel\n\n\nfor the Thor ballistic missile, which became a first-stage launch for the Explorer spacecraft. He was director of space projects for TRW when it developed Explorer VI and Pioneer V, two of the earliest US craft to explore interplanetary space. He oversaw all of TRW's space programs during the 1970s. After his retirement in 1980 as a senior vice president, Thiel served as an executive consultant to TRW and on NASA planning groups. He was named a fellow of the American Astronautical Society in 1968. He married Frances Thiel", "id": "11277096" }, { "contents": "BAC Mustard\n\n\nin other space programmes, such as the American Space Shuttle. Mustard was a modular re-usable space launch system, comprising multiple copies of a single vehicle design, each of which was configured for a different role as a booster stage or an orbital spaceplane. The core vehicle design resembled the basic layout of the Douglas Astro, both being delta-winged reusable vehicles, as would the later American Space Shuttle. Furthermore, all three functioned as vertically-launched rockets and used integral wings so that they could land horizontally,", "id": "11296482" }, { "contents": "Space Vector Corporation\n\n\nSSIA) to fabricate and launch the Conestoga I off Matagorda Island, Texas which became the first privately funded rocket to reach space. In 1992 Space Vector teamed with Coleman Research Corporation (now a division of L-3 Communications) and Aerotherm to provide the Army Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC) with 25 Hera target vehicles to support testing of THAAD and Patriot PAC-3 anti-ballistic missile systems. Space Vector went on to earn the distinction in 1997 as the first company to air launch a minuteman based target vehicle. The single", "id": "7487031" }, { "contents": "Werner Dahm\n\n\n-range ballistic missile and the large Saturn I booster rocket. Following the Russian Sputnik launch, in July 1960 he moved with other von Braun rocket scientists from the Army Ballistic Missile Agency to the newly founded NASA. There, as part of the Apollo moon-landing program, he made major contributions working on the Saturn V booster rocket, on aerothermodynamics, and on liquid hydrogen propellant systems. He subsequently was involved in numerous projects contributing to the nation's manned and unmanned space flight programs, especially Skylab and the Space Shuttle", "id": "21371186" }, { "contents": "National Launch System\n\n\nthe NLS-1 core stage. The NLS program did not venture beyond the planning stages and did not survive the Presidency of Bill Clinton, which started in January 1993. In 1992, Daniel Goldin was selected to replace Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly as NASA administrator. Goldin championed the motto, \"faster, better, cheaper,\" which may not have fit the ambitious NLS vision. A NASA history from 1998 says that reusable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) rockets and space planes such as the McDonnell Douglas DC", "id": "11086743" }, { "contents": "Gary Hudson (engineer)\n\n\nGary Hudson has been involved in private spaceflight development for over 40 years. Hudson is best known as the founder of Rotary Rocket Company, which in spending ~$30 Million attempted to build a unique single stage to orbit launch vehicle known as the Roton. Rotary Rocket built a landing test simulator (the Roton ATV) which flew three successful test flights in 1999. He also helped found Transformational Space T/Space in 2004. He also helped found AirLaunch LLC which was awarded the DARPA/USAF FALCON project in 2003. Previous projects", "id": "10746924" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nof Space Shuttle Columbia touched down on Rogers Dry Lakebed, with Astronauts John Young and Robert Crippin successfully landing the first orbiting space vehicle ever to leave the Earth under rocket power and return to Earth aerodynamically for re-use. The \"Flying Wing\" returned to Edwards in the late 1980s when the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber began testing, and at a remote site, the F-117A Nighthawk stealth fighter. Air-Launched Cruise Missile, and LANTIRN systems were also tested during the 1980s. The 1990s saw the arrival of the Lockheed", "id": "14946576" }, { "contents": "Jerry Pournelle\n\n\nof making recommendation to the US Air Force on investment in technologies required to build the missile force to be deployed in 1975. After Project 75 was completed Pournelle became manager of several advanced concept studies. At North American Rockwell’s Space Division, Pournelle was associate director of operations research, where he took part in the Apollo program and general operations. He was founding President of the Pepperdine Research Institute. In 1989, Pournelle, Max Hunter, and retired Army Lieutenant General Daniel O. Graham made a presentation to then Vice President Dan", "id": "16491387" }, { "contents": "United States Air Force Plant 42\n\n\nby McDonnell Douglas, St. Louis, Missouri, and transported by aircraft to Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility. They were also transported by aircraft from Rockwell's Palmdale assembly facility to the Kennedy Space Center. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration had been paying the Air Force for use of Plant 42 facilities for the shuttle work. NASA decided in February 2002 to shift space shuttle overhaul and modification work from Palmdale to Florida. Current projects include design, engineering, pre-production, production, modification, flight testing, servicing and repair", "id": "9173070" }, { "contents": "William C. Schwartz\n\n\nspace vehicles and orbital calculations. He was a member of the founding group within NAA involved with the development of space vehicles and which developed the Apollo program. In the early 1960s, he moved to The Martin Company (later Martin Marietta and now Lockheed Martin), where he managed three departments, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Human Factors for the missile developer. It was during this period that he became involved in laser research and development. Shortly after the invention of the laser in 1960, Martin recognized its potential in", "id": "13650865" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nthat could lead to an SSTO vehicle. The one-third-size test craft was operated and maintained by a small team of three people based out of a trailer, and the craft was once relaunched less than 24 hours after landing. Although the test program was not without mishap (including a minor explosion), the DC-X demonstrated that the maintenance aspects of the concept were sound. That project was cancelled when it landed with three of four legs deployed, tipped over, and exploded on the fourth flight after", "id": "10328911" }, { "contents": "Marti Sarigul-Klijn\n\n\nDr. Marti Sarigul-Klijn is an expert at rapidly designing, fabricating, and test flying proof-of-concept prototypes. He holds a Ph.D. in Aeronautical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and is a graduate of the United States Naval Test Pilot School and the United States Naval Academy. After completing twenty years in the Navy with the final rank of Commander, he has since worked on over 20 design proposals that include aircraft, UAV's, rocket propulsion, and space launch vehicles. Seven of these proposals continued to", "id": "11065599" }, { "contents": "Jerauld R. Gentry\n\n\nJerauld Richard \"Jerry\" Gentry (May 16, 1935 – March 3, 2003) was a United States Air Force (USAF) test pilot and Vietnam combat veteran. As chief USAF pilot of the Lifting Body Research Program, he helped validate the concept of flying a wingless vehicle back to Earth from space and landing it like an aircraft—an approach used by the Space Shuttle and to a greater degree by vehicles such as the Lockheed Martin X-33 and NASA X-38. Gentry completed thirty lifting body flights including the first flight", "id": "21488944" }, { "contents": "Lockheed Martin X-33\n\n\nlifting body shape, composite multi-lobed liquid fuel tanks, and the aerospike engine, NASA and Lockheed Martin hoped to test fly a craft that would demonstrate the viability of a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) design. A spacecraft capable of reaching orbit in a single stage would not require external fuel tanks or boosters to reach low Earth orbit. Doing away with the need for \"staging\" with launch vehicles, such as with the Shuttle and the Apollo rockets, would lead to an inherently more reliable", "id": "9997271" }, { "contents": "Single-stage-to-orbit\n\n\nfor a proposed SSTO. It is one of only a few prototype SSTO vehicles ever built. Several other prototypes were intended, including the DC-X2 (a half-scale prototype) and the DC-Y, a full-scale vehicle which would be capable of single stage insertion into orbit. Neither of these were built, but the project was taken over by NASA in 1995, and they built the DC-XA, an upgraded one-third scale prototype. This vehicle was lost when it landed with only", "id": "10328890" }, { "contents": "Landing gear\n\n\ne.g., the Space Shuttle, or the USAF X-37), landing gear have been largely absent from orbital vehicles during the early decades since the advent of spaceflight technology, when orbital space transport has been the exclusive preserve of national-monopoly governmental space programs. Each spaceflight system to date has relied on expendable boosters to begin each ascent to orbital velocity. Recent advances in private space transport, where new competition to governmental space initiatives has emerged, have included the explicit design of landing gear into orbital booster rockets. SpaceX has initiated", "id": "10876701" }, { "contents": "Eric Boe\n\n\ninvolves work with displays and controls for future space vehicles. He made his first trip to space as pilot of during STS-126 on November 14, 2008. Boe flew his second space flight as pilot on STS-133, the final scheduled flight of the Space Shuttle \"Discovery\" and the third-to-last flight of the Space Shuttle program. In August 2012, Boe was named Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office. In July 2015, NASA announced Boe as one of the first astronauts for U.S. Commercial spaceflights. Subsequently, he", "id": "14264618" }, { "contents": "Melvin B. Zisfein\n\n\nMelvin B. Zisfein (1926-1995) was an aircraft designer and a Deputy Director of the U.S. National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC. Zisfein graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with degrees in aeronautical engineering (B.S. 1948; M.S. 1948) and worked as a designer, aerodynamicist, and manager for aircraft companies from then until 1966. He was associate director of the Franklin Institute Research Laboratories from 1966 to 1971. From 1971 to 1982 he served as the deputy director of the National Air and Space Museum,", "id": "1801139" }, { "contents": "Air Force Test Center\n\n\nselected from the Air Force's test pilot cadre. Additionally, the AFTC assisted with the testing of rocket engines and re-entry vehicles. Along with the X-15, pilots at Edwards were expanding the frontiers of atmospheric flight, testing the XB-70 Valkyrie high-altitude bomber, along with the YF-12 interceptor for Air Defense Command and the SR-71 Blackbird Strategic Reconnaissance aircraft for Strategic Air Command. With the decline of the military manned space mission after the NASA Lunar Landing Program ended, the Aerospace Research Pilot School was once again re-", "id": "14946574" }, { "contents": "McDonnell Douglas DC-X\n\n\nDC-X were hired by Blue Origin, and their New Shepard vehicle was inspired by the DC-X design. Blue Origin does not require the high cross range capabilities, and therefore uses a base-first re-entry profile. Also, the DC-X provided inspiration for many elements of Armadillo Aerospace's, Masten Space Systems's, and TGV Rockets's spacecraft designs. Some NASA engineers believe that the DC-X could provide a solution for a crewed Mars lander. Had a DC-type craft been", "id": "15420693" }, { "contents": "Rockwell X-30\n\n\nThe Rockwell X-30 was an advanced technology demonstrator project for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP), part of a United States project to create a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spacecraft and passenger spaceliner. It was cancelled in the early 1990s before a prototype was completed, although much development work in advanced materials and aerospace design was completed. While a goal of a future NASP was a passenger liner capable of two-hour flights from Washington to Tokyo, the X-30 was planned for a crew of", "id": "16588465" }, { "contents": "SpaceDev\n\n\nSpaceDev, a part of the \"Space Systems Business\" of Sierra Nevada Corporation, is prominent for its spaceflight and microsatellite work. It designed and built components for the hybrid rocket motors for Paul Allen's Tier One suborbital SpaceShipOne space program operated by Scaled Composites. It is also developing micro- and nano-satellites, a small expendable launch vehicle, the SpaceDev Streaker, and has designed a piloted suborbital and orbital spaceship of its own, the SpaceDev Dream Chaser, in collaboration with NASA. SpaceDev is based near San Diego in", "id": "16321029" }, { "contents": "Glenn L. Martin Company\n\n\nby the American space program as one of its first satellite booster rockets as part of Project Vanguard. The Vanguard was the first American space exploration rocket designed from scratch to be an orbital launch vehicle — rather than being a modified sounding rocket (like the Juno I) or a ballistic missile (like the U.S. Army's Redstone missile). Martin also designed and manufactured the huge and heavily armed Titan I and LGM-25C Titan II Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). Martin Company of Orlando, Florida, was the prime contractor for", "id": "10667744" }, { "contents": "Shuttlecraft (Star Trek)\n\n\nplanetary surface and space. Wernher Von Braun in the 1950s conceived of a reusable winged spacecraft as a ferry rocket. Plans for such vehicles were referred to as \"DC-3\" by spacecraft designer Maxime Faget and Integrated Launch and Reentry Vehicle (ILRV) by NASA. During the late 1960s, while \"\" was being broadcast, these concepts became known as Space Shuttle. In a speech given to the British Interplanetary Society in August 1968 George Mueller, head of the NASA Office of Manned Space Flight, mentioned the need for a", "id": "13203374" }, { "contents": "The Aerospace Corporation\n\n\n. Gen. Bernard A. Schriever announced the \"formation of a new nonprofit organization, The Aerospace Corporation, to serve the Air Force in the scientific and technical planning and management of missile-space programs.\" Among the earliest projects it supported were the Dyna-Soar orbital spaceplane, Project Mercury, and the man-rating of the Atlas (rocket) intercontinental ballistic missile. The Aerospace Corporation provided general systems engineering and technical direction for the Titan II missile, first tested in 1962, which became the launch vehicle for Project Gemini", "id": "15141218" }, { "contents": "Timothy Creamer\n\n\nPrior to his astronaut selection in 1998, he had been working as a space operations officer, with the Army Space Command, stationed in Houston, Texas. He is now the Army’s NASA Detachment commander. Creamer was assigned to NASA at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in July 1995 as a Space Shuttle vehicle integration test engineer. His duties primarily involved engineering liaison for launch and landing operations of the Space Shuttle. He was actively involved in the integrated tests of the systems for each Orbiter for its preparations for its", "id": "7264360" }, { "contents": "Daniel O. Graham\n\n\nof the rocket, the Clipper Graham soared into the skies over the old White Sands Missile Range to a height of 3,120 meters (10,300 ft) and stayed in the air for over two minutes before landing. That flight was the highest and longest the vehicle had ever flown until then. Robert A. Heinlein dedicated his 1985 novel The Cat Who Walks Through Walls to Graham and eight of the other members of the Citizens' Advisory Council on National Space Policy. Graham was chairman of the American Space Frontier Committee, the Coalition for", "id": "5770554" }, { "contents": "SpaceX\n\n\nhas one of the largest concentrations of aerospace headquarters, facilities, and/or subsidiaries in the U.S., including Boeing/McDonnell Douglas main satellite building campuses, Aerospace Corp., Raytheon, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Air Force Space Command's Space and Missile Systems Center at Los Angeles Air Force Base, Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems, Northrop Grumman, and AECOM, etc., with a large pool of aerospace engineers and recent college engineering graduates. SpaceX utilizes a high degree of vertical integration in the production of its rockets and rocket", "id": "10001424" }, { "contents": "William H. Gerstenmaier\n\n\n1980, Gerstenmaier moved to Houston, Texas, to work at the Johnson Space Center, researching propulsion related to the Space Shuttle, and was involved in the earliest phases of the International Space Station design. In 1984, he was a semi-finalist in the selection for NASA Astronaut Group 10. In 1988, he first served as manager of Space Shuttle Program Integration, and then went on to serve as head of the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle Operations Office. Following that, he became Director of Space Shuttle and Space Station Freedom", "id": "13055214" }, { "contents": "Bruno Augenstein\n\n\nBruno Wilhelm Augenstein (March 16, 1923 – July 6, 2005) was a German-born mathematician and physicist who made important contributions in space technology, ballistic missile research, satellites, antimatter, and many other areas. Augenstein worked in the Aerophysics Laboratory at North American Aviation on diverse projects including weaponization of the V-2 rocket, a ramjet-powered vehicle that later became the Navajo missile. He entered RAND Corporation as a consultant and subcontractor in 1949. Initially at RAND he developed an interest in long range missiles. Augenstein", "id": "1664472" }, { "contents": "Robert R. Gilruth\n\n\nRobert Rowe Gilruth (October 8, 1913 – August 17, 2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. He worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics from 1937 to 1958 and its successor NASA, until his retirement in 1973. He was involved with early research into supersonic flight and rocket-powered aircraft, and then with the United States manned space program, including the Mercury, Gemini", "id": "19875506" } ]

[ { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke as a 'wijnmeester', i.e. the son of a member of the Guild. The next year he married Cornelia Teniers, the daughter of painter David Teniers the Younger. Jan Erasmus Quellinus received many commissions including a large commission for paintings destined for Antwerp’s Saint Michael's Abbey. Around 1680 Quellinus worked in Vienna for the Habsburg court as a court painter to Emperor Leopold I. Among other works, the most important commission he completed was a series of 15 ceiling paintings on events in the life", "id": "7354727" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nJan-Erasmus Quellinus or Jan Erasmus Quellinus (1634 in Antwerp – 11 March 1715 in Mechelen) was a Flemish painter and draughtsman and a member of the famous Quellinus family of artists. He was one of the last prominent representatives of the great Flemish school of history and portrait painting in the 17th century. His work displays the classicizing influences of his father Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and Paolo Veronese. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his grandfather Erasmus Quellinus", "id": "7354724" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nwritten as \" Sederboom\"), which means 'cedar tree'. He is also reported to have used another nickname: 'Corpus'. Quellinus later moved to Venice where he resided from circa 1660 to 1661. Here he was influenced by the style of Veronese as is shown by his drawings from that time. During his stay in Northern Italy he was also introduced to the architecture of Palladio, which informed some of the decorative motifs he used in his later compositions. Upon his return to Antwerp in 1661 he joined", "id": "7354726" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof his father’s Classicism. As a result art historians have difficulty attributing some works to either artist. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus developed further on the Classicism of his father linking it with the influence of Paolo Veronese from whom he borrowed grandeur and various dynamic details. Unlike his father he liked to incorporate in his paintings grand architectural elements which were derived from the Palladian buildings he had seen in Northern Italy. As was common practice at the time, he collaborated with specialist painters in Antwerp such as the still life painter Jan Fyt", "id": "7354730" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Elder, his father Erasmus the Younger, and his uncles Artus Quellinus the Elder and Hubertus Quellinus. He was trained by his father from 1649. Jan-Erasmus travelled to Italy where he initially resided in Rome from 1657 to 1659. He became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Jan-Erasmus was given the bent name \"Seederboom\" (also", "id": "7354725" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\none of the leading artistic families in Antwerp, producing sculptors, painters and printmakers who would develop careers in Flanders and abroad. Father Erasmus Quellinus I, a sculptor, had moved from Sint-Truiden to Antwerp. The brothers of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger were both artists: Artus (1609-1668) was a leading Baroque sculptor and Hubertus (1619-1687) an engraver. Erasmus Quellinus II became a student of Jan-Baptist Verhaeghe, an obscure artist, in 1633. He became a master of the Antwerp Guild", "id": "11150843" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Me\" of 1664 (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels). These later compositions possible reflect an influence by the early work of his son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. As was common in Antwerp at the time, Quellinus collaborated with other painters. He worked with still life specialists on still lifes and portraits. Many of the still lifes fall into the category of ‘garland paintings’. Garland paintings are a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder.", "id": "11150855" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus the Younger and Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) was a Flemish painter, engraver, draughtsman and tapestry designer who worked in various genres including history, portrait, battle and animal paintings. He was a pupil of Peter Paul Rubens and was one of the closest collaborators of Rubens in the 1630s. Following Rubens’ death in 1640 he became one of the most prolific and successful painters in Flanders. Erasmus Quellinus II was born in Antwerp as the son of Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden. The Quellinus family became", "id": "11150842" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus I or Erasmus Quellinus the Elder (alternate names: Erasmus Quellinck, Erasme Quellin (I)) (Sint-Truiden, 1584 - Antwerp, 22 January 1640) was a Flemish sculptor best known for classically inspired ornamentation work and copies after the antique. He was the founder of an important Antwerp dynasty of artists. Details of his early life and training have not survived. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1606. He married Betje van Uden, the sister of the painter Lucas van", "id": "7355031" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nHis brothers became prominent artists: Erasmus was a painter and Hubertus was an engraver and painter. His sister Cornelia married his father’s pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. Artus Quellinus received his first training from his father. In the period from 1635 to 1639 he trained in Rome in the studio of his compatriot François Duquesnoy. He spent time in Lyon together with the Flemish painter Laureys Franck and was in contact there with the Dutch engraver Nicolaas van Helt Stockade and the Dutch painter Jan Asselijn. He returned to Antwerp", "id": "8459221" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\n, Joseph van den Kerckhoven, Davit van den Heuvel, Francis Cools, Allowisius de Meyere, Jan-Baptist Hyacint Breydel, Gaspar (or Jasper) de Cantelbeeck (1685-86), Jan François Blondeau and Jacobus Blondeau (1697-98). From 1712 the artist resided and worked in Mechelen where he died on 11 March 1715. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was principally a history painter who also painted the occasional portrait. He had an extensive output supported by a large workshop. His style is closely related to that", "id": "7354729" }, { "contents": "Anthoni Schoonjans\n\n\nMarch 1655. He became in the Guild year 1668-1669 in Antwerp an apprentice of Erasmus Quellinus II and that master's son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. From 1674 to 1677 the artist resided in Reims and he also spent some time in Paris. In 1674 his mother met up with her son Anthoni in Reims. He left France and from 6 January 1675 he resided in Rome, where he familiarised himself with the Italian Baroque. He shared in Rome a residence with the flower painter Carel de Vogelaer in Via Margutta.", "id": "9299848" }, { "contents": "Nicolaes van Verendael\n\n\nteacher of someone referred to as 'priest Cano' and the flower painter Jean Baptiste Morel. Van Verendael mainly painted flower pieces, vanitas still lifes and a few allegorical scenes with monkeys. His dated works are from the period between 1659 and 1690. He was highly regarded from an early age when he started working with some of the leading Antwerp painters such as David Teniers the Younger, Gonzales Coques, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Boeckhorst, Carstian Luyckx and Jan Davidsz. de Heem. His early work shows the influence of", "id": "18460769" }, { "contents": "Theodoor Boeyermans\n\n\n' dated works are dated between 1660 and 1677. He was mainly a painter of history and allegorical paintings. The artist received many important commissions for churches in his native Antwerp, the Kempen region and in Malines, but made his name in his hometown by painting secular compositions. He also painted group portraits. Together with Jan-Erasmus Quellinus, Boeyermans was one of the last important 17th-century Flemish history painters. His style was influenced by Rubens and van Dyck but he favoured a darker palette than those two artists.", "id": "6673291" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin 1662. On 9 November 1663, Erasmus Quellinus II married Françoise de Fren. De Fren was the daughter of the well-off André de Fren, secretary of the Council of Brabant, and the sister of Isabella de Fren, who was married to the court painter David Teniers II. In 1665 Quellinus designed a cenotaph for the deceased Philip IV of Spain and the decorations for the Joyous Entry of Don Francisco de Moura as governor of the Habsburg Netherlands. Erasmus Quellinus II died in Antwerp on 7 November 1678. His", "id": "11150849" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Antwerp from Rome around 1640. Artus worked in a classicizing style of Baroque under the influence of his compatriot, the sculptor François Duquesnoy, in whose workshop in Rome he had worked. This style had in turn been influenced by the Classicism of Annibale Carracci. The two brothers would from then on work together on various projects and mutually influence each other. After Rubens’ death in 1640 Erasmus Quellinus became one of the leading history painters of Flanders. He received many commissions for altarpieces in the region. In 1648 he was", "id": "11150847" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ncommissioned to make the decorations for the Joyous Entry of the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm into Antwerp, thus playing the same role as Rubens 13 years earlier for the Joyous Entry of Ferdinand. He made the decorations for the announcement of the Treaty of Westphalia in the same year. Around 1656 Erasmus worked in Amsterdam where his brother Artus was responsible for the decoration of the new City Hall. Erasmus assisted in this project and the brothers also collaborated on other commissions. Erasmus painted altarpieces for clandestine Catholic churches in Amsterdam. His first wife died", "id": "11150848" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\npupils included his son Jan Erasmus Quellinus, Guilliam Forchondt (II), Julius de Geest, Willem de Ryck, Anthoni Schoonjans, Wallerant Vaillant and Remacle Serin. Erasmus Quellinus II was a very versatile artist who worked in various genres. He received numerous commissions for altarpieces depicting Counter-Reformation themes for churches and monasteries throughout the Southern Netherlands. He also received many civic commissions which allowed him to show his learning in the depiction of scenes from ancient history and mythology and allegorical compositions. In addition, he produced portraits, battle", "id": "11150850" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof Saint Luke in 1633-1634. In the 1630s, the artist worked and likely studied in the workshop of Rubens and regularly collaborated on projects with Rubens. In 1634 Erasmus II married Catharina de Hemelaer, a niece of Jan de Hemelaer, the deacon of Antwerp Cathedral. Their son Jan Erasmus followed in his father’s footsteps and became a painter. From the notes made by his son Jan Erasmus in the margin of his copy of Cornelis de Bie’s book of artist biographies entitled Het Gulden Cabinet, it is known", "id": "11150844" }, { "contents": "Jan van Kessel the Elder\n\n\na figure painter was responsible for the figure or other image in the cartouche. His collaborators on garland paintings are believed to have included his uncle David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus the Elder, Hendrick van Balen the Elder, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly Jan Boeckhorst. An example of a collaborative garland painting made by Jan van Kessel and David Teniers the Younger is the composition (c. 1660-1670, Louvre). In this work Jan van Kessel painted a decorative garland representing the four elements around a cartouche showing a young", "id": "16247184" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin the Hermitage Museum, a collaboration with Frans Ykens. Quellinus further collaborated with the animal and still life painter Jan Fyt on portraits such as the \"Portrait of a young boy\" (Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp) of c. 1650. Quellinus also collaborated with animal painters Peter Boel and genre painter Jan van Kessel the Elder. Erasmus Quellinus II executed various tapestry designs. In 1649 he produced the designs for a tapestry series depicting the \"History of the Thurn and Taxis Family\" (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of", "id": "11150857" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nHe was a member of the well-known Quellinus family of artists from 17th century Antwerp, major center of artistic life then known as \"the Florence of the North\". Thomas Quellinus was born in Antwerp to the leading Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus II and Anna Maria Gabron, and was baptised on 17 March 1661. He trained in his father’s workshop in the art of sculpture. After completing his apprenticeship with his father, he went to London, England, where he worked with his brother Artus Quellinus III. While", "id": "11778979" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nArtus Quellinus also known as Artus (Arnoldus) Quellijn, Artus Quellinus I or Artus Quellinus the Elder (20 or 30 August 1609, Antwerp  – 23 August 1668, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor. He is regarded as the most important representative of the Baroque in sculpture in the Southern Netherlands. His work had a major influence on the development of sculpture in Northern Europe. Artus Quellinus the Elder was born into an artistic family. He was the son of the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden.", "id": "8459220" }, { "contents": "Jan Pieter Brueghel\n\n\nJan Pieter Brueghel or Jan Pieter Breughel (29 August 1628 (baptised) – 1664) was a Flemish Baroque painter specialised in flower still lifes. Brueghel was born in Antwerp. He was the son of Jan Brueghel the Younger and Anna-Maria Janssens. He joined the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645 as \"wijnmeester\". He died in Italy, after 1664, and is known for flower still lifes. He created many garland paintings on which he collaborated with other painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II who painted the", "id": "10461841" }, { "contents": "Pieter Boel\n\n\nBoel got to know the work of the Genoese artist Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione and the still life painter Giuseppe Recco. He learned from these Italian masters to heighten the dramatic effect of his canvases by emphasizing the shadows. He also used red drapes in the background, a Baroque element par excellence, to enhance the atmosphere of his compositions. Boel is known to have collaborated with fellow Antwerp artists Erasmus Quellinus II and Jacob Jordaens, who painted the human figures in his compositions. Boel was accomplished in large-scale vanitas paintings depicting an", "id": "20560716" }, { "contents": "Pieter Bruegel the Elder\n\n\n(grandson of Jan Bruegel the Elder) and Jan van Kessel the Younger. Through David Teniers, the family is also related to the whole Teniers family of painters and the Quellinus family of painters and sculptors, since Jan-Erasmus Quellinus married Cornelia, daughter of David Teniers the Younger. Bruegel's art was long more highly valued by collectors than critics. His friend Abraham Ortelius described him in a friendship album in 1574 as \"the most perfect painter of his century\", but both Vasari and Van Mander see him as", "id": "17084192" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nflowers. The subject of vanitas as depicted here was unusual for van Utrecht and shows that his role in the development of new types of still life has not been sufficiently recognized in art-historical literature. As was common in Antwerp’s art sector at the time, van Utrecht collaborated with other specialist artists, typically figure painters. He is known to have provided the still life elements in paintings by Jacob Jordaens, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Cossiers, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. He is believed to have also collaborated with David Teniers", "id": "18461245" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nHubertus Quellinus or Hubert Quellinus (August 15, 1619, Antwerp – 1687) was a Flemish printmaker, draughtsman and painter and a member of the prominent Quellinus family of artists. His engravings after the work of his brother, the Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder, were instrumental in the spread of the Flemish Baroque idiom in Europe in the second half of the 17th century. Hubertus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his father Erasmus Quellinus the Elder and his brothers,", "id": "8520392" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus III\n\n\nArtus Quellinus III (1653, Antwerp – December 1686, London) was a Flemish sculptor active in London. His name is often anglicised to Arnold Quellan, Arnold Quellin or Arnold Quellinus or mistakenly given as \"Jan Quellinus\". He was the son of Artus Quellinus II and brother to the sculptor Thomas Quellinus and the painter Cornelis Quellinus He trained in his father's workshop in Antwerp before moving to London in 1682. He was married to Frances Siberechts, youngest daughter of the Antwerp-born painter Jan Siberechts, who had", "id": "13748725" }, { "contents": "Flemish Baroque painting\n\n\npainters combined a local influence from Rubens with knowledge of classicism and Italian Baroque qualities. Artists in the vein include Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Jan van den Hoecke, Pieter van Lint, Cornelis Schut, and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Later in the century, many painters turned to Anthony van Dyck as a major influence. Among them were Pieter Thijs, Lucas Franchoys the Younger, and artists who were also inspired by Late Baroque theatricality such as Theodoor Boeyermans and Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. Additionally, a Flemish variant of \"Caravaggism\"", "id": "6030293" }, { "contents": "Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen\n\n\nthe principal representatives of Flemish high baroque sculpture. The father had been a pupil of Erasmus Quellinus I, who was himself the founder of a prominent family of artists. The father married the daughter of his master Erasmus Quellinus. From this marriage Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was born. His brother Pieter Verbrugghen II was also a sculptor and worked in the workshop of his father. Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was trained by his father. Nonetheless, he did not start his career as a sculptor but as a draughtsman working with the illuminator Jan Ruyselinck", "id": "10070115" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nand Londerzeel. Many of his paintings can be regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. He often worked from prints made after the works of these masters to create his own compositions. An example is the (Prado Museum), which is based on a print after Rafael", "id": "11181884" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Rubens pupil Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and the prominent sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. In 1650 he traveled to Rome where he joined the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Hubertus was given the bent name \"Saracin\". Quellinus was in Amsterdam by 1660 where he collaborated on a publication, which consisted of two parts: the first part consisted of 30 plates depicting the Amsterdam", "id": "8520393" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\ncompleted the frontal decoration of the organ in the Antwerp cathedral, based on a design made by Erasmus Quellinus II. He and his workshop made the oak confessionals in the St. Paul's Church in Antwerp (between 1658 and 1660). He made the oak organ case in that church in collaboration with Artus Quellinus the Elder in 1654, and together with his son Pieter Verbrugghen II he executed the designs for the high altar in 1670. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known creations. The", "id": "11276653" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nArtus Quellinus II or Artus Quellinus the Younger (alternative first name: Arnold; variation on family name: Quellijn, Quellyn, Quellien, Quellin, Quellinius) (between 10 and 20 November 1625, Sint-Truiden – 22 November 1700, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor who played an important role in the evolution of Northern-European sculpture from High Baroque to Late Baroque. Artus Quellinus II was born into an artistic family. His uncle was the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I, whose son was Artus Quellinus I,", "id": "13073282" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Some of these works are now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. He returned to Antwerp where between the years 1685 and 1712 he worked on many commissions for churches in Antwerp and throughout Flanders. He also had many pupils including Anthoni Schoonjans, Simon de Marets, Jan Carel van Eyck, Guiliam Draeger (1668-69), Christoffel Franciscus Ponsel, Jacobus de Play (1669-1670), Peeter Heymans, Franciscus Carnonckel, Franciscus Cuylen, Hieronymus Galle (1673-74)", "id": "7354728" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nthat Erasmus II obtained a degree in philosophy. This explains the fact that he wrote a philosophical tract entitled \"Philosophia\", which was recorded in the 1679 inventory of his estate. Quellinus became a regular collaborator with Rubens from 1635. He first worked on the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the new governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand. Rubens was in overall charge of this project. Quellinus made decorative paintings after designs by Rubens of which six have survived. In the period 1636-1638 Rubens", "id": "11150845" }, { "contents": "Joannes Chrysostomus Teniers\n\n\n. As abbot he took the motto \"Tene Quod Bene\" (\"Hold on to what is good\", 1 Thessalonians 5, verse 21). Teniers died in Antwerp on 30 November 1709. His portrait painted by Jan-Erasmus Quellinus is inside Tongerlo Abbey. Teniers had some reputation as a preacher and a manuscript of his sermons for feastdays was preserved in the monastery library, as well as two volumes of his notes on the works of St Augustine. One of Teniers' poems was published in the preliminary matter", "id": "1158593" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nThese paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Erasmus Quellinus II collaborated on garland paintings with still life specialists, such as his brother-in-law Jan Philip van Thielen, Daniel Seghers, Jan Pieter Brueghel, Frans Ykens, Peter Willebeeck and Jan Anton van der Baren. These collaborators painted the flower garland while Quellinus painted the figures and architectural setting. An example is the \"Holy Family in a Wreath of Flowers\"", "id": "11150856" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\n’ workshop received a large commission to make mythological decorations for the hunting pavilion Torre de la Parada of the Spanish king Philip IV near Madrid. For this project Quellinus painted decorations after oil sketches by Rubens some of which have been preserved (Prado Museum). In early 1637 Quellinus drew frontispieces for the Antwerp printing house Plantin Press according to Rubens’ instructions regarding iconography and layout. These drawings were in Quellinus’ own style as Rubens let him a free hand in the design of the modelli. His brother Artus Quellinus I returned", "id": "11150846" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nwith living people and animals. Van Utrecht also painted a number of flower still lifes. He was a regular collaborator with leading Antwerp painters who had been pupils or assistants of Peter Paul Rubens, such as Jacob Jordaens, David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus II, Gerard Seghers, Theodoor Rombouts, Abraham van Diepenbeeck and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Adriaen van Utrecht was born in Antwerp as the son of Abel van Utrecht en Anne Huybrecht. In 1614 he became a pupil of Herman de Neyt, a painter and art dealer who", "id": "18461230" }, { "contents": "Baroque sculpture\n\n\nof a family of famous sculptors and painters, and son of another sculptor, Erasmus Quellinus. He settled in Antwerp in 1639. He became close to Rubens, and his work applied many of the principles of the compositions of Rubens to sculpture. Another important Belgian Baroque sculptor was Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen (1654–1724), who carved very elaborate sculptures, full of biblical scenes, flora and fauna,allegories and symbols for the ceremonial puppets the cathedrals and churches in Brussels, Louvain, Antwerp, Mechelen, and other cities. Early", "id": "16040697" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nwas back in Antwerp in 1657 and became an Antwerp burgher on 11 May 1663. His wife died on 15 October 1668 and the next year Artus remarried to Cornelia Volders. In the latter part of his life Quellinus received many commissions, primarily for church furnishings and tomb sculptures. His pupils include Alexander van Papenhoven, Thomas Quellinus, Jan van den Steen, (1633–1723), the Master of the St. Luke in Antwerp, Cornelis van Scheyck (1679–1680); Balten Rubbens (1685–1686); Adriaen Govaerts (1690–91) and", "id": "13073285" }, { "contents": "Peter Ykens\n\n\ntrained 28 pupils including Karel Breydel, Erasmus Causse, Gaspaer Janssens, Jan Thomas van Kessel, Henderick van Mael, Francis Scalie, Jan Baptist Kretsaert and Jacob Leyssens. His eldest son Jan Frans became a staffage painter who collaborated with still life painters of flowers and fruit. He died in Antwerp. He painted portraits and Christian religious representations and made a large number of altarpieces and paintings for local churches and palaces. As was the custom in Antwerp at the time, he often worked together with other painters who were specialists in", "id": "8049116" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\n. The couple had six children of whom three became artists: Artus Quellinus III and Thomas Quellinus were both successful sculptors whereas Cornelis Quellinus became a painter about whom little is known. The young Artus joined his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Amsterdam around 1653 where he became one of the members of the team of artists that worked under the direction of Artus I on the decoration of the newly built City Hall on the Dam Square. The artist traveled to Italy and probably visited Turin, Florence and Rome between 1655 and 1657. He", "id": "13073284" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nUden. The couple had three sons: Erasmus, who would become a painter and engraver, Artus, who would follow in his father’s footsteps and become a sculptor, and Hubertus, who became an engraver and painter. His daughter Cornelia Quellinus married his pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. He was the teacher of Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder, Melchior Charles, Wallerant Vaillant, Joos Sterck (1607); Rombout Claes (1609), Melchior van der Lanen (1612), Hans Franscoys (1614),", "id": "7355032" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nfurther inspired by the cult of veneration and devotion to Mary prevalent at the Habsburg court (then the rulers over the Southern Netherlands) and in Antwerp generally. Garland paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image, portrait or other religious symbol (such as the host). The paintings are usually a collaboration between a flower painter and a staffage painter. Van Thielen produced multiple garland paintings in collaboration with other artists. His collaborators included his brother-in-law Erasmus Quellinus II, Nicolas de Largilliere, Jan van", "id": "12866287" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nhe was the brother-in-law of Erasmus Quellinus II. Erasmus Quelllinus was married to the sister of his wife and would become one of the leading history painters in Flanders after the deaths of Rubens and van Dyck. Quellinus drew van Thielens’ portrait that was engraved by Richard Collin for Cornelis de Bie's book of artist biographies Het Gulden Cabinet. Van Thielen and his wife had 9 children. Because he liked flower painting he changed masters in 1641 and began training with Daniel Seghers, the leading flower painter in Flanders", "id": "12866282" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nbe regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. Typical examples of his work are the painting \"A Poor Company at Table in a Rustic Kitchen\" held by the National Trust at Tyntesfield and oil on copper religious paintings, such as \"Daniel in the Lion's Den\"", "id": "11181882" }, { "contents": "Mattheus Borrekens\n\n\nAntwerp on 25 December 1670. Mattheus Borrekens was mainly a reproductive printmaker. He made prints after the work of leading Flemish painters of his time such as Rubens, van Dyck, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Abraham van Diepenbeeck, Jan Thomas van Ieperen, Pieter van Lint and Cornelis Schut. He mainly concentrated on Christian religious subjects and portraits. He also engraved frontispieces of publications such as Christophe Butkens's\"Trophées tant sacrés et profanes du Duché de Brabant\". 1724-1726. For this publication he engraved after a design by van Diepenbeeck", "id": "2345697" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nmaster’s daughter, Cornelia Quellinus. Through his marriage he became the brother in law of the leading Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1641 and in 1659 he became the deacon of the Guild. His first wife died in 1662, and he remarried in 1665, to Elisabeth Lemmens. He was the father of the sculptors Pieter Verbrugghen II and Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen. His daughter Suzanna married the sculptor Peeter Meesens. His pupils included some of the leading representatives of the", "id": "11276651" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nhave made individual statues, none of which have survived. In 1635 he was awarded the contract to make the pulpit of the St. Elisabeth Hospital in Antwerp. This work is an example of early Baroque in Antwerp and shows Erasmus’ mastery of balance and symmetry, even though there is no sense of realism. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known commissions. He made the original design for the pulpit, which, after his death, was somewhat changed by his son Artus while Pieter Verbrugghen", "id": "7355034" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Barbé\n\n\nNicolaas Lauwers for infringement of privileges relating to prints he had created, he received the support of Rubens. Barbé married Christien (or Christina) Wierix, the daughter of the prominent engraver and publisher Hieronymus Wierix on 30 March 1620. According to the contemporary notes of the painter Erasmus Quellinus II, Barbé was a very ugly person, while his daughter, who was a gifted engraver, was counted among 'the most beautiful women of Antwerp'. Hieronymus Wierix , the father of his wife, had died in 1619 before the", "id": "20064889" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nthe most successful Flemish Baroque sculptor of the mid 17th century. Artus II is likely to have received his training as a sculptor from his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Antwerp to where he must have moved from his native city of Sint-Truiden (then in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, now in the Belgian province of Limburg). Artus Quellinus II became a master of the Guild of Saint Luke in Antwerp in 1650–51. Artus Quellinus II married Anna Maria Gabron, the sister of the painter Willem Gabron, in 1653", "id": "13073283" }, { "contents": "Daniel Seghers\n\n\n, the collaborators are not always known with certainty. It is known he often worked with Cornelis Schut, Erasmus Quellinus II, Abraham van Diepenbeek, Simon de Vos, Jan van den Hoecke, Gonzales Coques and Rubens. Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert is also mentioned as his collaborator. It is possible that Seghers collaborated with Rubens on a garland painting for the Saint Carolus Borromeus church in Antwerp. During his stay in Rome he also collaborated with Poussin and Domenichino. Unlike in his later collaborations, Seghers is believed to have added flower garlands", "id": "7240113" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nErasmus de Bie (1629 in Antwerp – 1675 in Antwerp) was a Flemish Baroque painter known for his city views and genre scenes. He depicted several lively scenes of large public celebrations in his hometown of Antwerp. It is not clear whether the views of Italianate cities and landscapes attributed to him are the work of Adriaen de Bie, a Flemish painter from Lier who worked in Italy for a while. Very little is known about the life of Erasmus de Bie. He was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter", "id": "4566739" }, { "contents": "Willem Gabron\n\n\n. He was first registered in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke as a ‘wijnmeester’ (i.e. son of a master of the Guild) in the guild year 1640-41, along with his younger brother Antoon. His sister Anna Maria married the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Younger. Gabron travelled to Rome, at the latest by 1646. Here he became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the", "id": "12740318" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nBaroque painter, and the engraving of the frontispiece was made by Jacob Neefs (Antwerp, June 3, 1610 – 1660), also after a design by Erasmus Quellinus the Younger. Christoffel Plantin (1520–1589), grandfather of Balthasar Moretus, set up his printing shop called 'De Gulden Passer' (Golden Compasses) in Antwerp in 1555, publishing both Catholic and Protestant literature. This Frenchman, who fled his native country to Antwerp to escape the persecution during the 1540s, was the best-known printer of his time", "id": "2235324" }, { "contents": "Jan Anton van der Baren\n\n\nare a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder. These paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Van der Baren collaborated on garland paintings with other painters, such as Erasmus Quellinus II and the Flemish émigré painter Nikolaus van Hoy. These collaborators painted the devotional image while van der Baren painted the flower garland. An example is the \"Garland of flowers surrounding the Holy Family", "id": "16752890" }, { "contents": "Jacob de Formentrou\n\n\nthe conclusion that the painting is not a collaboration between all the artists whose works are represented in the painting but rather represents the combined effort of de Formentrou and Erasmus Quellinus II, a leading Antwerp painter. F. G. Meijer on the other hand believes that the composition is a collaboration between all of the artists whose work are depicted. He attributes the composition and the various pictures depicted in it as follows: The painting can be read as a reference to connoisseurship, and in particular the connoisseur's activity of evaluating the authorship of", "id": "8771731" }, { "contents": "Nicolaas van Eyck\n\n\nstarted to study in 1632. He was a captain of a local schutterij and this may be a reason why he painted military scenes. He was friends with the flower painter Jan Philip van Thielen, who had also been a pupil of Rombouts. Van Eyck was godfather to at least one of van Thielen's nine children. He was the teacher of Pieter Hofman. His sons Nicolaas II and Jan Carel van Eyck became painters. Jan Carel was a student of Jan Erasmus Quellinus and spent time in Italy. Nicolaas van Eyck", "id": "8735899" }, { "contents": "Philips Augustijn Immenraet\n\n\nwould paint the landscape while the other specialist painters would take care of other aspects of the painting such as staffage, architecture, animals or still life elements. A collaboration with Erasmus Quellinus II is reported by the Dutch biographer Arnold Houbraken. The Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium holds the 1672 painting \"The Legend of William Tell shown to the Antwerp Guild of St Sebastian\", which is a collaboration between Immenraet, Wilhelm Schubert van Ehrenberg (who painted the architecture) and Karel-Emmanuel Biset. He also worked with", "id": "10869502" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nUniversity – the same city where Jan Baptist Zangrius was also active. Here Lobkowitz published a major work titled \"Theologia Moralis ad prima, eaque clarissima principia reducta\" printed by Perus Zangrius (Lovanii, typis ac sumptibus Petrus Zangrius, 1645). His book titled \"Philippus Prudens\" containing some hatched arms was published in 1639 by Balthasar Moretus in Antwerp. The coats of arms were engraved by Cornelius Galle the Younger, after the drawings of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger (Antwerp, 1607 - Antwerp, 1678), a Flemish", "id": "2235323" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nFrans de Bie the Elder. He was baptised on 20 December 1629 in the St. Walburga church in Antwerp. He became a pupil of David Ryckaert III in 1641 and was admitted as a master in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645-1646. He married Catharina Douglas, called de Schot (the Scot), and was the father of Frans and Jan Baptist de Bie, who both became painters. Jan Baptist emigrated to Vienna where he remained active. Erasmus de Bie had pupils in 1660 and in 1666,", "id": "4566740" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck (III)\n\n\nSnellinck the Younger was a genre and history painter. His great-grandfather was the prominent Flemish painter and art dealer Jan Snellinck the Elder, who was originally from Mechelen and worked most of his career in Antwerp. Jan Snellinck (III)'s grand-uncles Daniel and Gerard were also painters. Very little is known about the life of Jan Snellinck (III). He likely trained with his father. He was active in Rotterdam for his entire career. The death date and place of Jan Snellinck are not known but", "id": "10515381" }, { "contents": "Anton Goubau\n\n\nat the front on the right, which expresses the transience of power and fame. In addition to his cityscapes, Goubau painted many religious compositions, especially designed for churches in Antwerp. He also made a number of religious paintings on copper as part of a series made for the Spanish market to which other Flemish painters such as Willem van Herp, Erasmus Quellinus II, and possibly Abraham Willemsens contributed. The series is now kept in the Convent of las Comendadoras de Santiaga in Madrid. He painted portraits as evidenced by the portrait", "id": "4569148" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof forms achieved through a sculptural use of light. Quellinus’ oldest known work is the 1634 \"Adoration of the Shepherds\" (Alte Pinakothek, Munich), which is in this Caravaggesque mode. From the 1640s, his style took on a classicizing aspect and a sculptured look. Erasmus never travelled to Italy so this stylistic development was likely influenced by the work of his brother Artus, who introduced his own style of classicizing Baroque in Flemish sculpture after returning from Rome in 1640. Both brothers depicted similar idealizing Antique figures in", "id": "11150852" }, { "contents": "Jan Siberechts\n\n\nEngland around 1672 and spent the first three years in England painting decorations in the Duke’s newly built Cliveden House at Taplow, Buckinghamshire, England. From the second part of the 1670s and in the 1680s he travelled widely in England completing numerous commissions for aristocratic clients. He lived in London where one of his daughters was a lace-maker for the Queen. His younger daughter, Frances, married the Flemish émigré sculptor Artus Quellinus III (known in England as 'Arnold Quellinus') and, after being widowed, John", "id": "14682967" }, { "contents": "Jan Fyt\n\n\n, Fyt collaborated regularly with other painters who were specialist in other areas such as figure, landscape or architectural painting. He thus relied on figure painters such as Cornelius Schut, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly on occasion Jacob Jordaens and on figure and architectural painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II. Jan Fyt produced many drawings of animals based usually on studies from nature. The Hermitage holds a large gouache drawing of a \"\". It is rich in colour and carefully executed and was likely intended as a model for tapestry cartoon. Fyt", "id": "1007601" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nartistic direction over the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the newly appointed governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, Leo van Heil worked as Quellinus' architectural assistant. The Archduke became his patron and appointed him as his court architect and commissioned various projects from van Heil, including a stone gate for the Archduke's palace in Brussels. The painter and printmaker Renier Meganck, who later worked as a court painter in Vienna, became a pupil of Leo van Heil in Brussels in 1656. In his time Leo van", "id": "8052851" }, { "contents": "Gerard Seghers\n\n\nGerard Seghers (1591 in Antwerp – 18 March 1651 in Antwerp) was a Flemish painter, art collector and art dealer. After a period of study of study and residence in Rome, he returned to Flanders where he became one of the leading representatives of the Flemish Caravaggisti movement. In his later career he abandoned the Caravaggist style and genre motifs to become an important painter of large altarpieces for local churches. Gerard Seghers was born in Antwerp as the son of innkeeper Jan Seghers and his wife Ida de Neve. He was", "id": "7355415" }, { "contents": "Jacob Leyssens\n\n\nJacob Leyssens or Jacob Lyssens (nickname Notenkraker) (1661, Antwerp - 1710, Antwerp), was a Flemish painter and decorator. After training in Antwerp, he spent a long time in Rome. After his return to Antwerp, he was active as a painter and decorator and collaborated with prominent Antwerp still life painters such as Gaspar Peeter Verbruggen the Younger and Jan Baptist Bosschaert. He was a student of Peter Ykens in 1674. He travelled to Rome at a young age as he is mentioned there in 1680. He", "id": "13757002" }, { "contents": "Francesco Ruschi\n\n\nFrancesco Ruschi was an Italian painter born in Rome around 1610. He studied in Rome under Giuseppe Cesari (Cavalier d'Arpino), Francesco Albani and Pietro da Cortona. His work also shows the influence of Caravaggio. He settled in Venice before 1629. He became a friend of the writer Giovan Francesco Loredan, for whom he drew the cover pages of several works. He moved to Treviso from 1656, and died there in 1661. Ruschi was influenced by the paintings of Paolo Veronese in his academic and decorative interpretations. These include", "id": "14035066" }, { "contents": "St. Peter in Chains Church (Beringen)\n\n\nor Vandereyt) and date from the late 17th century. Jan Rutten from Sint-Truiden completed the stalls after the death of Laurens Vandenreyt. The Baroque high altar contains a painting representing Christ on the cross attributed to the Antwerp painter Erasmus Quellinus II. The side altars are portico altars and contain the Baroque paintings \" Assumption and Coronation of Mary\" and the \"Finding of the Cross\", both by Anton Goubau. The rood screen is neogothic. The organ was manufactured in 1853 by Henri Vermeersch from Duffel and is the", "id": "12887333" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck\n\n\nJan Snellinck or Jan Snellinck (I) (Mechelen, c. 1548 – Antwerp, 1 October 1638) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and designer of tapestries, prints and frescoes. He is known for his large altarpieces and was also recognized as a leading battle painter in his time. Snellinck was active as an art dealer and art collector. Jan Snellinck was born in Mechelen as the son of Daniël Snellinck I, a painter and hawker, and Cornelia Verhulst (alias: Bessemeers). His mother came from a family", "id": "12059012" }, { "contents": "Paul de Vos\n\n\n. De Vos was able to develop his own personal style that accentuated abrupt movement, the gruesome aspects of hunts, used warmer colours and a broader brush stroke than Snyders. He also expanded the iconographic tradition with scenes of fighting cats and horses attacked by wolves. As was common amongst artists in 17th-century Antwerp, De Vos frequently collaborated with other painters. He collaborated with Rubens, Anthony van Dyck (, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg), Erasmus Quellinus II, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert, Adriaen van Utrecht and Jan Wildens", "id": "4556665" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nPieter Verbrugghen I (alternative spellings: \"Pieter Verbruggen I\", \"Peter van der Brugghen I\", \"Pieter van der Brugghen I\", \"Peter Verbrugghen I\", \"Peeter Verbrugghen I\") (1615, Antwerp – 1686, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor from the Baroque. He was apprenticed in 1625 as a 'beeltsnijder' (sculptor) to Simon de Neef, who was an 'antijcsnijder' (ornamental sculptor). Later he worked under Erasmus Quellinus I and in 1641 he married his", "id": "11276650" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nThomas Quellinus (March 1661 – September 1709), also known, especially in Denmark, as Thomas Qvellinus, was a Flemish baroque sculptor. He was born in Antwerp but worked mainly in Copenhagen, Denmark. He is especially known for the production of grandiose and sumptuous memorial chapels, sepulchral monuments and epitaphs, which can be found in churches throughout Denmark and northern Germany’s Schleswig-Holstein area. His chapels and monuments are dramatically composed, executed in rare, differently coloured types of marble and framed by monumental architectural components.", "id": "11778978" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nscenes and designs for tapestries. Like Rubens, Quellinus was a \"pictor doctus\" with a strong grounding in ancient history and philosophy. He had built an extensive library and art collection. This learning is reflected in the subject matter of his work. Even while he was a frequent collaborator with Rubens’ workshop in the 1630s, Quellinus developed a personal style distinctive from that of Rubens. This style is reminiscent of the Antwerp followers of Caravaggio such as Theodoor Rombouts and Gerard Seghers. Characteristics of this style are the strong modeling", "id": "11150851" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Bosschaert\n\n\nJan Baptist Bosschaert or Jan Baptist Bosschaert the Younger (baptized on 17 December 1667 in Antwerp –1746 in Antwerp) was a Flemish still life painter who is principally known for his decorative still lifes with flowers. He collaborated with figure artists on compositions which combined allegorical or mythological scenes with a still life element. He was active in Antwerp. Jan Baptist Bosschaert was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter-baker Jan Baptist and his second wife Joanna de Bie, the sister of the painter Erasmus de Bie. His", "id": "20819606" }, { "contents": "Wallerant Vaillant\n\n\nWallerant Vaillant (30 May 1623 – 28 August 1677) was a painter of the Dutch Golden Age and one of the first artists to use the mezzotint technique, which he probably helped to develop. Wallerant Vaillant was born in Lille, the oldest of five brothers who all became successful painters. It is said Wallerant was a student of Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) in Antwerp. He moved with his parents in 1643 to Amsterdam. In 1647 he lived in Middelburg, but in 1649 he was back in Amsterdam. In", "id": "8302348" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nHans Bernaert (or Beernart) (1615) and Christoffel de la Fontaine (1633–34). His work is not well known since only a few of his works have survived. Erasmus is primarily known as a sculptor who drew inspiration from antiquity. He worked in the late Renaissance style although his later work shows a development towards early Baroque. The bulk of his commissions consisted of the renovation and replacement of church furniture that had been destroyed during the iconoclastic troubles of the 16th century. Besides decorative work, he is known to", "id": "7355033" }, { "contents": "Rombaut Pauwels\n\n\nbrother of François Duquesnoy, and the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus also worked in this workshop in Rome. They and Rombaut Pauwels brought the moderate Baroque style of François Duquesnoy with them when they returned to the Southern Netherlands. After his return to Flanders, Rombaut Pauwels was active mainly in his hometown Mechelen and in Ghent. Rombaut Pauwels’ pupils included the brothers Hendrik and Jan Matthys. Rombaut Pauwels was a capable sculptor who worked in the classicizing Baroque style pioneered by François Duquesnoy but he lacked the virtuoso technique of his contemporaries Artus Quellinus", "id": "9167166" }, { "contents": "Lucas de Wael\n\n\nLucas de Wael (3 March 1591 – 25 October 1661) was a Flemish painter, engraver and merchant. He was born in Antwerp and worked for some time in Genoa in Italy before returning to Antwerp, where he died. Lucas de Wael was born into an artistic family in Antwerp as the son of the painter Jan de Wael I (1558-1633). His mother Gertrude de Jode came from a family of artists: her father was the cartographer Gerard de Jode and her brother was the engraver Peter de Jode", "id": "2957457" }, { "contents": "Jan van Balen\n\n\nGaspard, Theodoor van Thulden, Jan de Labare and Erasmus Quellinus the Younger on the execution of designs for the gallery on the Meir and the triumphal arch at St. John's Church in Antwerp. The overall design of the decorations was under the direction of Rubens. [[File:Jan Brueghel II, Jan van Balen - The Feast of Bacchus (Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus).jpg|thumb|\"The Feast of Bacchus\", with [[Jan Brueghel the Younger]] Jan van Balen left on 8 September 1639 with his brother Gaspard on", "id": "19729208" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nfor the Council Chamber, is repeated in a painting by Erasmus. This development towards classicist rigidity may reflect the influence of French art with its preference for classicism. Erasmus’ work also gained a theatrical aspect as reflected in the 1652 painting \"Artemisia\" (Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, University of Glasgow). The painting has a theatrical background like a park. This tendency became more evident in the 1660s when his paintings started to include grandiose scenery with flamboyant architecture. This is clear in the \"Let the Children Come", "id": "11150854" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nin particular the marble decorations he and his workshop produced, became an example for other buildings in Amsterdam. The team of sculptors that Artus supervised during his work on the Amsterdam city hall included many sculptors who would become leading sculptors in their own right such as his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Rombout Verhulst, Bartholomeus Eggers and Gabriël Grupello and probably also Grinling Gibbons. He returned to work in Antwerp in 1658 and remained active mainly in this city until his death. His many pupils included his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Martin Deurweerders", "id": "8459223" }, { "contents": "David Teniers III\n\n\nDavid Teniers III, also referred to as David Teniers junior (baptized 10 July 1638 – 2 October 1685) was a Flemish painter and tapestry designer who was mainly active in Antwerp, Madrid and Brussels. He is known for his portraits, religious compositions and genre scenes. David Teniers III was born in Antwerp where he was baptized on July 10 in the St. James' Church. He was a scion of two very prominent artist families from Antwerp: his father was the painter David Teniers the Younger and his mother was Anna", "id": "17442937" }, { "contents": "Gerard Douffet\n\n\nGerard Douffet (6 aug 1594 – 1660/1661), also known as Doufeet or Duffeit, was a Flemish painter. He was born at Liège in 1594, and studied for some time at Antwerp in the school of Rubens, and afterwards in Italy. He composed and designed with good taste, and his historical pictures are much esteemed. 'Pope Nicholas V. at the Tomb of St. Francis of Assisi ' (painted in 1627), 'St. Helena and the true Cross' (painted for the Abbey of St. Lawrence,", "id": "6883668" }, { "contents": "Jan van Buken\n\n\nJan van Buken or Jan van Beucken (10 March 1635 – 6 February 1690) was a Flemish painter mainly known for his genre paintings and still lifes. Jan van Buken was born in Antwerp. He became a master in the Guild of Saint Luke in 1658 where he was registered under the name 'Jan van Beucken'. In the period from 1666 to 1682 he worked in Rome while regularly travelling back to Antwerp. He returned to live in Antwerp after the death of his parents. Jan Baptist Beveren was registered as", "id": "15324731" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ntheir work in this period. His \"Adoration of the Holy Sacrament\" (1646) was painted in this style. From c. 1650 this classicism in his work became rigid and his compositions from this period made use of a limited number of stereotyped and idealized figure types. This stylistic development is evident in the interior decorations he made for the new City Hall of Amsterdam, which he executed in collaboration with his brother Artus. The brothers achieved stylistic agreement in this commission: the \"Judgement of Solomon\", which Artus sculpted", "id": "11150853" }, { "contents": "Nikolaus van Hoy\n\n\nhe would have met in Rome and had later joined him in Brussels. At about 1667 he became the court painter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria. He retained this post until his death in Vienna in 1679. He was succeeded at the court by his son Nickolaus van Hoey the Younger (Antwerp 1660- Vienna ca. 1710). He made landscapes and portraits. He engraved religious scenes and mythological figures adapted from originals of Veronese, Barocci and Raphael. He was one of the", "id": "16812974" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\ngenres including cattle market scenes, Italianate landscapes and village scenes. He is probably best known for his depiction of festivals and processions set in his native Antwerp. His village scenes are reminiscent of the genre scenes of David Teniers the Younger. He also took his inspiration from other Flemish artists. For instance, his composition \"\" likely drew its inspiration from similar paintings representing processions in cities by Flemish artists such as Pieter van Aelst and Erasmus de Bie. He painted many scenes of cattle markets, which offered him the opportunity to", "id": "3658943" }, { "contents": "Jan van den Hecke\n\n\nKunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Archduke Leopold Wilhem must have particularly liked his flower pieces as all of van den Hecke's paintings which he collected were pictures of flowers in vases and baskets and garland paintings. Van Hecke returned to Antwerp around 1657. In 1660 he married Maria Adriana Heyens with whom he had three children. His son, known as Jan van den Hecke II, was born in 1661 and became a popular painter of flowers as well as other types of still life. His two known pupils were Peeter vander Elstraeten (", "id": "14931009" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nLeo van Heil (Brussels, 1605 – c.1664), was a Flemish architect, painter and miniature painter mainly of flowers and insects. He is chiefly remembered for his designs of the Brigittines chapel and the tower of the Saint Nicholas Church, both in Brussels. Leo van Heil was born in Brussels. He had two brothers who were also artists: Jan Baptist van Heil was a portrait painter and Daniel van Heil was a landscape painter specialising in winter scenes or burning fires. When in 1648 Erasmus Quellinus was given the general", "id": "8052850" }, { "contents": "Jan Verhas\n\n\ngovernment awarded him a special subsidy of 1,200 francs and commissioned from him a composition depicting the Battle of Kallo. In 1862 he travelled via Paris and Lyon to Italy, where he made stops in Turin, Milan and Venice. He remained in Venice for two to three months, studying and copying the masters. Lack of funds forced him to leave Italy. He travelled back via Paris where his brother Frans was working at the time. Jan assisted his brother in the execution of several decorative projects. Afterwards he resided in Antwerp", "id": "9399028" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\nPeeter the Elder and Joris became painters. Alexander trained under his father. He became a master in the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1685. On 11 August 1685, he married Cornelia Sporckmans, daughter of the Antwerp history painter Hubert Sporckmans. They had three daughters and six sons of whom Jan Frans became a painter. Alexander van Bredael died in Antwerp. His pupils include his son Jan Frans, Peeter Busschop, Johan Baptist Govaerts, Guielmus van Ryn and Pieter Snyers. Alexander van Bredael painted in a wide variety of", "id": "3658942" }, { "contents": "Filippo Zaniberti\n\n\nFilippo Zaniberti (1585–1636) was an Italian painter of the late Mannerist period. He was born in Brescia and active in Venice, where he became a pupil of Santo Peranda. Zaniberti's style recalls the richness of Paolo Veronese. He painted a \"Mannah in the desert\" for the main altarpiece of the church of Santa Maria Nuova of Venice. He worked alongside the fellow Peranda disciple, Matteo Ponzone, in the decoration of the Ducal palace of Mirandola. He painted a \"Marriage of St Catherine\" for the church", "id": "19300082" }, { "contents": "St. Paul's Church, Antwerp\n\n\ntwisted marble columns. The painting \"Adoration of the shepherds\" by Rubens forms the altar piece. The Maria Chapel also contains a white marble sculpture of \"Our Lady of Sorrows\" by Jan Pieter van Baurscheit de Elder. The church holds elaborate tomb monuments attributed to Johannes van Mildert, Pieter Verbrugghen II and Andries Colyns de Nole. The 17th century organ is regarded as one of the most important organs of Belgium. The monumental organ case was sculpted by Pieter Verbrugghen I after a design by Erasmus Quellinus II. In 1623", "id": "10432986" }, { "contents": "David Teniers the Elder\n\n\nDavid Teniers the Elder (158229 July 1649), Flemish painter, was born at Antwerp. Having received his first training in the painter's art from his brother Juliaen, he studied under Rubens in Antwerp, and subsequently under Elsheimer in Rome; he became a member of the Antwerp guild of painters in 1606. Though his ambition led him at times to try his skill in large religious, historical and mythological compositions, his claim to fame depends chiefly on his landscapes and paintings of peasants carousing, of kermesse scenes and the", "id": "12948361" } ]

[ { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke as a 'wijnmeester', i.e. the son of a member of the Guild. The next year he married Cornelia Teniers, the daughter of painter David Teniers the Younger. Jan Erasmus Quellinus received many commissions including a large commission for paintings destined for Antwerp’s Saint Michael's Abbey. Around 1680 Quellinus worked in Vienna for the Habsburg court as a court painter to Emperor Leopold I. Among other works, the most important commission he completed was a series of 15 ceiling paintings on events in the life", "id": "7354727" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nJan-Erasmus Quellinus or Jan Erasmus Quellinus (1634 in Antwerp – 11 March 1715 in Mechelen) was a Flemish painter and draughtsman and a member of the famous Quellinus family of artists. He was one of the last prominent representatives of the great Flemish school of history and portrait painting in the 17th century. His work displays the classicizing influences of his father Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and Paolo Veronese. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his grandfather Erasmus Quellinus", "id": "7354724" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nwritten as \" Sederboom\"), which means 'cedar tree'. He is also reported to have used another nickname: 'Corpus'. Quellinus later moved to Venice where he resided from circa 1660 to 1661. Here he was influenced by the style of Veronese as is shown by his drawings from that time. During his stay in Northern Italy he was also introduced to the architecture of Palladio, which informed some of the decorative motifs he used in his later compositions. Upon his return to Antwerp in 1661 he joined", "id": "7354726" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof his father’s Classicism. As a result art historians have difficulty attributing some works to either artist. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus developed further on the Classicism of his father linking it with the influence of Paolo Veronese from whom he borrowed grandeur and various dynamic details. Unlike his father he liked to incorporate in his paintings grand architectural elements which were derived from the Palladian buildings he had seen in Northern Italy. As was common practice at the time, he collaborated with specialist painters in Antwerp such as the still life painter Jan Fyt", "id": "7354730" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Elder, his father Erasmus the Younger, and his uncles Artus Quellinus the Elder and Hubertus Quellinus. He was trained by his father from 1649. Jan-Erasmus travelled to Italy where he initially resided in Rome from 1657 to 1659. He became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Jan-Erasmus was given the bent name \"Seederboom\" (also", "id": "7354725" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\none of the leading artistic families in Antwerp, producing sculptors, painters and printmakers who would develop careers in Flanders and abroad. Father Erasmus Quellinus I, a sculptor, had moved from Sint-Truiden to Antwerp. The brothers of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger were both artists: Artus (1609-1668) was a leading Baroque sculptor and Hubertus (1619-1687) an engraver. Erasmus Quellinus II became a student of Jan-Baptist Verhaeghe, an obscure artist, in 1633. He became a master of the Antwerp Guild", "id": "11150843" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Me\" of 1664 (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels). These later compositions possible reflect an influence by the early work of his son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. As was common in Antwerp at the time, Quellinus collaborated with other painters. He worked with still life specialists on still lifes and portraits. Many of the still lifes fall into the category of ‘garland paintings’. Garland paintings are a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder.", "id": "11150855" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus the Younger and Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) was a Flemish painter, engraver, draughtsman and tapestry designer who worked in various genres including history, portrait, battle and animal paintings. He was a pupil of Peter Paul Rubens and was one of the closest collaborators of Rubens in the 1630s. Following Rubens’ death in 1640 he became one of the most prolific and successful painters in Flanders. Erasmus Quellinus II was born in Antwerp as the son of Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden. The Quellinus family became", "id": "11150842" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus I or Erasmus Quellinus the Elder (alternate names: Erasmus Quellinck, Erasme Quellin (I)) (Sint-Truiden, 1584 - Antwerp, 22 January 1640) was a Flemish sculptor best known for classically inspired ornamentation work and copies after the antique. He was the founder of an important Antwerp dynasty of artists. Details of his early life and training have not survived. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1606. He married Betje van Uden, the sister of the painter Lucas van", "id": "7355031" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nHis brothers became prominent artists: Erasmus was a painter and Hubertus was an engraver and painter. His sister Cornelia married his father’s pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. Artus Quellinus received his first training from his father. In the period from 1635 to 1639 he trained in Rome in the studio of his compatriot François Duquesnoy. He spent time in Lyon together with the Flemish painter Laureys Franck and was in contact there with the Dutch engraver Nicolaas van Helt Stockade and the Dutch painter Jan Asselijn. He returned to Antwerp", "id": "8459221" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\n, Joseph van den Kerckhoven, Davit van den Heuvel, Francis Cools, Allowisius de Meyere, Jan-Baptist Hyacint Breydel, Gaspar (or Jasper) de Cantelbeeck (1685-86), Jan François Blondeau and Jacobus Blondeau (1697-98). From 1712 the artist resided and worked in Mechelen where he died on 11 March 1715. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was principally a history painter who also painted the occasional portrait. He had an extensive output supported by a large workshop. His style is closely related to that", "id": "7354729" }, { "contents": "Anthoni Schoonjans\n\n\nMarch 1655. He became in the Guild year 1668-1669 in Antwerp an apprentice of Erasmus Quellinus II and that master's son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. From 1674 to 1677 the artist resided in Reims and he also spent some time in Paris. In 1674 his mother met up with her son Anthoni in Reims. He left France and from 6 January 1675 he resided in Rome, where he familiarised himself with the Italian Baroque. He shared in Rome a residence with the flower painter Carel de Vogelaer in Via Margutta.", "id": "9299848" }, { "contents": "Nicolaes van Verendael\n\n\nteacher of someone referred to as 'priest Cano' and the flower painter Jean Baptiste Morel. Van Verendael mainly painted flower pieces, vanitas still lifes and a few allegorical scenes with monkeys. His dated works are from the period between 1659 and 1690. He was highly regarded from an early age when he started working with some of the leading Antwerp painters such as David Teniers the Younger, Gonzales Coques, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Boeckhorst, Carstian Luyckx and Jan Davidsz. de Heem. His early work shows the influence of", "id": "18460769" }, { "contents": "Theodoor Boeyermans\n\n\n' dated works are dated between 1660 and 1677. He was mainly a painter of history and allegorical paintings. The artist received many important commissions for churches in his native Antwerp, the Kempen region and in Malines, but made his name in his hometown by painting secular compositions. He also painted group portraits. Together with Jan-Erasmus Quellinus, Boeyermans was one of the last important 17th-century Flemish history painters. His style was influenced by Rubens and van Dyck but he favoured a darker palette than those two artists.", "id": "6673291" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin 1662. On 9 November 1663, Erasmus Quellinus II married Françoise de Fren. De Fren was the daughter of the well-off André de Fren, secretary of the Council of Brabant, and the sister of Isabella de Fren, who was married to the court painter David Teniers II. In 1665 Quellinus designed a cenotaph for the deceased Philip IV of Spain and the decorations for the Joyous Entry of Don Francisco de Moura as governor of the Habsburg Netherlands. Erasmus Quellinus II died in Antwerp on 7 November 1678. His", "id": "11150849" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Antwerp from Rome around 1640. Artus worked in a classicizing style of Baroque under the influence of his compatriot, the sculptor François Duquesnoy, in whose workshop in Rome he had worked. This style had in turn been influenced by the Classicism of Annibale Carracci. The two brothers would from then on work together on various projects and mutually influence each other. After Rubens’ death in 1640 Erasmus Quellinus became one of the leading history painters of Flanders. He received many commissions for altarpieces in the region. In 1648 he was", "id": "11150847" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ncommissioned to make the decorations for the Joyous Entry of the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm into Antwerp, thus playing the same role as Rubens 13 years earlier for the Joyous Entry of Ferdinand. He made the decorations for the announcement of the Treaty of Westphalia in the same year. Around 1656 Erasmus worked in Amsterdam where his brother Artus was responsible for the decoration of the new City Hall. Erasmus assisted in this project and the brothers also collaborated on other commissions. Erasmus painted altarpieces for clandestine Catholic churches in Amsterdam. His first wife died", "id": "11150848" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\npupils included his son Jan Erasmus Quellinus, Guilliam Forchondt (II), Julius de Geest, Willem de Ryck, Anthoni Schoonjans, Wallerant Vaillant and Remacle Serin. Erasmus Quellinus II was a very versatile artist who worked in various genres. He received numerous commissions for altarpieces depicting Counter-Reformation themes for churches and monasteries throughout the Southern Netherlands. He also received many civic commissions which allowed him to show his learning in the depiction of scenes from ancient history and mythology and allegorical compositions. In addition, he produced portraits, battle", "id": "11150850" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof Saint Luke in 1633-1634. In the 1630s, the artist worked and likely studied in the workshop of Rubens and regularly collaborated on projects with Rubens. In 1634 Erasmus II married Catharina de Hemelaer, a niece of Jan de Hemelaer, the deacon of Antwerp Cathedral. Their son Jan Erasmus followed in his father’s footsteps and became a painter. From the notes made by his son Jan Erasmus in the margin of his copy of Cornelis de Bie’s book of artist biographies entitled Het Gulden Cabinet, it is known", "id": "11150844" }, { "contents": "Jan van Kessel the Elder\n\n\na figure painter was responsible for the figure or other image in the cartouche. His collaborators on garland paintings are believed to have included his uncle David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus the Elder, Hendrick van Balen the Elder, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly Jan Boeckhorst. An example of a collaborative garland painting made by Jan van Kessel and David Teniers the Younger is the composition (c. 1660-1670, Louvre). In this work Jan van Kessel painted a decorative garland representing the four elements around a cartouche showing a young", "id": "16247184" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin the Hermitage Museum, a collaboration with Frans Ykens. Quellinus further collaborated with the animal and still life painter Jan Fyt on portraits such as the \"Portrait of a young boy\" (Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp) of c. 1650. Quellinus also collaborated with animal painters Peter Boel and genre painter Jan van Kessel the Elder. Erasmus Quellinus II executed various tapestry designs. In 1649 he produced the designs for a tapestry series depicting the \"History of the Thurn and Taxis Family\" (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of", "id": "11150857" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nHe was a member of the well-known Quellinus family of artists from 17th century Antwerp, major center of artistic life then known as \"the Florence of the North\". Thomas Quellinus was born in Antwerp to the leading Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus II and Anna Maria Gabron, and was baptised on 17 March 1661. He trained in his father’s workshop in the art of sculpture. After completing his apprenticeship with his father, he went to London, England, where he worked with his brother Artus Quellinus III. While", "id": "11778979" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nArtus Quellinus also known as Artus (Arnoldus) Quellijn, Artus Quellinus I or Artus Quellinus the Elder (20 or 30 August 1609, Antwerp  – 23 August 1668, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor. He is regarded as the most important representative of the Baroque in sculpture in the Southern Netherlands. His work had a major influence on the development of sculpture in Northern Europe. Artus Quellinus the Elder was born into an artistic family. He was the son of the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden.", "id": "8459220" }, { "contents": "Jan Pieter Brueghel\n\n\nJan Pieter Brueghel or Jan Pieter Breughel (29 August 1628 (baptised) – 1664) was a Flemish Baroque painter specialised in flower still lifes. Brueghel was born in Antwerp. He was the son of Jan Brueghel the Younger and Anna-Maria Janssens. He joined the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645 as \"wijnmeester\". He died in Italy, after 1664, and is known for flower still lifes. He created many garland paintings on which he collaborated with other painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II who painted the", "id": "10461841" }, { "contents": "Pieter Boel\n\n\nBoel got to know the work of the Genoese artist Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione and the still life painter Giuseppe Recco. He learned from these Italian masters to heighten the dramatic effect of his canvases by emphasizing the shadows. He also used red drapes in the background, a Baroque element par excellence, to enhance the atmosphere of his compositions. Boel is known to have collaborated with fellow Antwerp artists Erasmus Quellinus II and Jacob Jordaens, who painted the human figures in his compositions. Boel was accomplished in large-scale vanitas paintings depicting an", "id": "20560716" }, { "contents": "Pieter Bruegel the Elder\n\n\n(grandson of Jan Bruegel the Elder) and Jan van Kessel the Younger. Through David Teniers, the family is also related to the whole Teniers family of painters and the Quellinus family of painters and sculptors, since Jan-Erasmus Quellinus married Cornelia, daughter of David Teniers the Younger. Bruegel's art was long more highly valued by collectors than critics. His friend Abraham Ortelius described him in a friendship album in 1574 as \"the most perfect painter of his century\", but both Vasari and Van Mander see him as", "id": "17084192" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nflowers. The subject of vanitas as depicted here was unusual for van Utrecht and shows that his role in the development of new types of still life has not been sufficiently recognized in art-historical literature. As was common in Antwerp’s art sector at the time, van Utrecht collaborated with other specialist artists, typically figure painters. He is known to have provided the still life elements in paintings by Jacob Jordaens, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Cossiers, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. He is believed to have also collaborated with David Teniers", "id": "18461245" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nHubertus Quellinus or Hubert Quellinus (August 15, 1619, Antwerp – 1687) was a Flemish printmaker, draughtsman and painter and a member of the prominent Quellinus family of artists. His engravings after the work of his brother, the Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder, were instrumental in the spread of the Flemish Baroque idiom in Europe in the second half of the 17th century. Hubertus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his father Erasmus Quellinus the Elder and his brothers,", "id": "8520392" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus III\n\n\nArtus Quellinus III (1653, Antwerp – December 1686, London) was a Flemish sculptor active in London. His name is often anglicised to Arnold Quellan, Arnold Quellin or Arnold Quellinus or mistakenly given as \"Jan Quellinus\". He was the son of Artus Quellinus II and brother to the sculptor Thomas Quellinus and the painter Cornelis Quellinus He trained in his father's workshop in Antwerp before moving to London in 1682. He was married to Frances Siberechts, youngest daughter of the Antwerp-born painter Jan Siberechts, who had", "id": "13748725" }, { "contents": "Flemish Baroque painting\n\n\npainters combined a local influence from Rubens with knowledge of classicism and Italian Baroque qualities. Artists in the vein include Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Jan van den Hoecke, Pieter van Lint, Cornelis Schut, and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Later in the century, many painters turned to Anthony van Dyck as a major influence. Among them were Pieter Thijs, Lucas Franchoys the Younger, and artists who were also inspired by Late Baroque theatricality such as Theodoor Boeyermans and Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. Additionally, a Flemish variant of \"Caravaggism\"", "id": "6030293" }, { "contents": "Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen\n\n\nthe principal representatives of Flemish high baroque sculpture. The father had been a pupil of Erasmus Quellinus I, who was himself the founder of a prominent family of artists. The father married the daughter of his master Erasmus Quellinus. From this marriage Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was born. His brother Pieter Verbrugghen II was also a sculptor and worked in the workshop of his father. Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was trained by his father. Nonetheless, he did not start his career as a sculptor but as a draughtsman working with the illuminator Jan Ruyselinck", "id": "10070115" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nand Londerzeel. Many of his paintings can be regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. He often worked from prints made after the works of these masters to create his own compositions. An example is the (Prado Museum), which is based on a print after Rafael", "id": "11181884" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Rubens pupil Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and the prominent sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. In 1650 he traveled to Rome where he joined the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Hubertus was given the bent name \"Saracin\". Quellinus was in Amsterdam by 1660 where he collaborated on a publication, which consisted of two parts: the first part consisted of 30 plates depicting the Amsterdam", "id": "8520393" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\ncompleted the frontal decoration of the organ in the Antwerp cathedral, based on a design made by Erasmus Quellinus II. He and his workshop made the oak confessionals in the St. Paul's Church in Antwerp (between 1658 and 1660). He made the oak organ case in that church in collaboration with Artus Quellinus the Elder in 1654, and together with his son Pieter Verbrugghen II he executed the designs for the high altar in 1670. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known creations. The", "id": "11276653" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nArtus Quellinus II or Artus Quellinus the Younger (alternative first name: Arnold; variation on family name: Quellijn, Quellyn, Quellien, Quellin, Quellinius) (between 10 and 20 November 1625, Sint-Truiden – 22 November 1700, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor who played an important role in the evolution of Northern-European sculpture from High Baroque to Late Baroque. Artus Quellinus II was born into an artistic family. His uncle was the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I, whose son was Artus Quellinus I,", "id": "13073282" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Some of these works are now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. He returned to Antwerp where between the years 1685 and 1712 he worked on many commissions for churches in Antwerp and throughout Flanders. He also had many pupils including Anthoni Schoonjans, Simon de Marets, Jan Carel van Eyck, Guiliam Draeger (1668-69), Christoffel Franciscus Ponsel, Jacobus de Play (1669-1670), Peeter Heymans, Franciscus Carnonckel, Franciscus Cuylen, Hieronymus Galle (1673-74)", "id": "7354728" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nthat Erasmus II obtained a degree in philosophy. This explains the fact that he wrote a philosophical tract entitled \"Philosophia\", which was recorded in the 1679 inventory of his estate. Quellinus became a regular collaborator with Rubens from 1635. He first worked on the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the new governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand. Rubens was in overall charge of this project. Quellinus made decorative paintings after designs by Rubens of which six have survived. In the period 1636-1638 Rubens", "id": "11150845" }, { "contents": "Joannes Chrysostomus Teniers\n\n\n. As abbot he took the motto \"Tene Quod Bene\" (\"Hold on to what is good\", 1 Thessalonians 5, verse 21). Teniers died in Antwerp on 30 November 1709. His portrait painted by Jan-Erasmus Quellinus is inside Tongerlo Abbey. Teniers had some reputation as a preacher and a manuscript of his sermons for feastdays was preserved in the monastery library, as well as two volumes of his notes on the works of St Augustine. One of Teniers' poems was published in the preliminary matter", "id": "1158593" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nThese paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Erasmus Quellinus II collaborated on garland paintings with still life specialists, such as his brother-in-law Jan Philip van Thielen, Daniel Seghers, Jan Pieter Brueghel, Frans Ykens, Peter Willebeeck and Jan Anton van der Baren. These collaborators painted the flower garland while Quellinus painted the figures and architectural setting. An example is the \"Holy Family in a Wreath of Flowers\"", "id": "11150856" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\n’ workshop received a large commission to make mythological decorations for the hunting pavilion Torre de la Parada of the Spanish king Philip IV near Madrid. For this project Quellinus painted decorations after oil sketches by Rubens some of which have been preserved (Prado Museum). In early 1637 Quellinus drew frontispieces for the Antwerp printing house Plantin Press according to Rubens’ instructions regarding iconography and layout. These drawings were in Quellinus’ own style as Rubens let him a free hand in the design of the modelli. His brother Artus Quellinus I returned", "id": "11150846" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nwith living people and animals. Van Utrecht also painted a number of flower still lifes. He was a regular collaborator with leading Antwerp painters who had been pupils or assistants of Peter Paul Rubens, such as Jacob Jordaens, David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus II, Gerard Seghers, Theodoor Rombouts, Abraham van Diepenbeeck and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Adriaen van Utrecht was born in Antwerp as the son of Abel van Utrecht en Anne Huybrecht. In 1614 he became a pupil of Herman de Neyt, a painter and art dealer who", "id": "18461230" }, { "contents": "Baroque sculpture\n\n\nof a family of famous sculptors and painters, and son of another sculptor, Erasmus Quellinus. He settled in Antwerp in 1639. He became close to Rubens, and his work applied many of the principles of the compositions of Rubens to sculpture. Another important Belgian Baroque sculptor was Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen (1654–1724), who carved very elaborate sculptures, full of biblical scenes, flora and fauna,allegories and symbols for the ceremonial puppets the cathedrals and churches in Brussels, Louvain, Antwerp, Mechelen, and other cities. Early", "id": "16040697" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nwas back in Antwerp in 1657 and became an Antwerp burgher on 11 May 1663. His wife died on 15 October 1668 and the next year Artus remarried to Cornelia Volders. In the latter part of his life Quellinus received many commissions, primarily for church furnishings and tomb sculptures. His pupils include Alexander van Papenhoven, Thomas Quellinus, Jan van den Steen, (1633–1723), the Master of the St. Luke in Antwerp, Cornelis van Scheyck (1679–1680); Balten Rubbens (1685–1686); Adriaen Govaerts (1690–91) and", "id": "13073285" }, { "contents": "Peter Ykens\n\n\ntrained 28 pupils including Karel Breydel, Erasmus Causse, Gaspaer Janssens, Jan Thomas van Kessel, Henderick van Mael, Francis Scalie, Jan Baptist Kretsaert and Jacob Leyssens. His eldest son Jan Frans became a staffage painter who collaborated with still life painters of flowers and fruit. He died in Antwerp. He painted portraits and Christian religious representations and made a large number of altarpieces and paintings for local churches and palaces. As was the custom in Antwerp at the time, he often worked together with other painters who were specialists in", "id": "8049116" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\n. The couple had six children of whom three became artists: Artus Quellinus III and Thomas Quellinus were both successful sculptors whereas Cornelis Quellinus became a painter about whom little is known. The young Artus joined his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Amsterdam around 1653 where he became one of the members of the team of artists that worked under the direction of Artus I on the decoration of the newly built City Hall on the Dam Square. The artist traveled to Italy and probably visited Turin, Florence and Rome between 1655 and 1657. He", "id": "13073284" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nUden. The couple had three sons: Erasmus, who would become a painter and engraver, Artus, who would follow in his father’s footsteps and become a sculptor, and Hubertus, who became an engraver and painter. His daughter Cornelia Quellinus married his pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. He was the teacher of Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder, Melchior Charles, Wallerant Vaillant, Joos Sterck (1607); Rombout Claes (1609), Melchior van der Lanen (1612), Hans Franscoys (1614),", "id": "7355032" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nfurther inspired by the cult of veneration and devotion to Mary prevalent at the Habsburg court (then the rulers over the Southern Netherlands) and in Antwerp generally. Garland paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image, portrait or other religious symbol (such as the host). The paintings are usually a collaboration between a flower painter and a staffage painter. Van Thielen produced multiple garland paintings in collaboration with other artists. His collaborators included his brother-in-law Erasmus Quellinus II, Nicolas de Largilliere, Jan van", "id": "12866287" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nhe was the brother-in-law of Erasmus Quellinus II. Erasmus Quelllinus was married to the sister of his wife and would become one of the leading history painters in Flanders after the deaths of Rubens and van Dyck. Quellinus drew van Thielens’ portrait that was engraved by Richard Collin for Cornelis de Bie's book of artist biographies Het Gulden Cabinet. Van Thielen and his wife had 9 children. Because he liked flower painting he changed masters in 1641 and began training with Daniel Seghers, the leading flower painter in Flanders", "id": "12866282" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nbe regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. Typical examples of his work are the painting \"A Poor Company at Table in a Rustic Kitchen\" held by the National Trust at Tyntesfield and oil on copper religious paintings, such as \"Daniel in the Lion's Den\"", "id": "11181882" }, { "contents": "Mattheus Borrekens\n\n\nAntwerp on 25 December 1670. Mattheus Borrekens was mainly a reproductive printmaker. He made prints after the work of leading Flemish painters of his time such as Rubens, van Dyck, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Abraham van Diepenbeeck, Jan Thomas van Ieperen, Pieter van Lint and Cornelis Schut. He mainly concentrated on Christian religious subjects and portraits. He also engraved frontispieces of publications such as Christophe Butkens's\"Trophées tant sacrés et profanes du Duché de Brabant\". 1724-1726. For this publication he engraved after a design by van Diepenbeeck", "id": "2345697" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nmaster’s daughter, Cornelia Quellinus. Through his marriage he became the brother in law of the leading Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1641 and in 1659 he became the deacon of the Guild. His first wife died in 1662, and he remarried in 1665, to Elisabeth Lemmens. He was the father of the sculptors Pieter Verbrugghen II and Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen. His daughter Suzanna married the sculptor Peeter Meesens. His pupils included some of the leading representatives of the", "id": "11276651" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nhave made individual statues, none of which have survived. In 1635 he was awarded the contract to make the pulpit of the St. Elisabeth Hospital in Antwerp. This work is an example of early Baroque in Antwerp and shows Erasmus’ mastery of balance and symmetry, even though there is no sense of realism. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known commissions. He made the original design for the pulpit, which, after his death, was somewhat changed by his son Artus while Pieter Verbrugghen", "id": "7355034" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Barbé\n\n\nNicolaas Lauwers for infringement of privileges relating to prints he had created, he received the support of Rubens. Barbé married Christien (or Christina) Wierix, the daughter of the prominent engraver and publisher Hieronymus Wierix on 30 March 1620. According to the contemporary notes of the painter Erasmus Quellinus II, Barbé was a very ugly person, while his daughter, who was a gifted engraver, was counted among 'the most beautiful women of Antwerp'. Hieronymus Wierix , the father of his wife, had died in 1619 before the", "id": "20064889" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nthe most successful Flemish Baroque sculptor of the mid 17th century. Artus II is likely to have received his training as a sculptor from his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Antwerp to where he must have moved from his native city of Sint-Truiden (then in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, now in the Belgian province of Limburg). Artus Quellinus II became a master of the Guild of Saint Luke in Antwerp in 1650–51. Artus Quellinus II married Anna Maria Gabron, the sister of the painter Willem Gabron, in 1653", "id": "13073283" }, { "contents": "Daniel Seghers\n\n\n, the collaborators are not always known with certainty. It is known he often worked with Cornelis Schut, Erasmus Quellinus II, Abraham van Diepenbeek, Simon de Vos, Jan van den Hoecke, Gonzales Coques and Rubens. Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert is also mentioned as his collaborator. It is possible that Seghers collaborated with Rubens on a garland painting for the Saint Carolus Borromeus church in Antwerp. During his stay in Rome he also collaborated with Poussin and Domenichino. Unlike in his later collaborations, Seghers is believed to have added flower garlands", "id": "7240113" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nErasmus de Bie (1629 in Antwerp – 1675 in Antwerp) was a Flemish Baroque painter known for his city views and genre scenes. He depicted several lively scenes of large public celebrations in his hometown of Antwerp. It is not clear whether the views of Italianate cities and landscapes attributed to him are the work of Adriaen de Bie, a Flemish painter from Lier who worked in Italy for a while. Very little is known about the life of Erasmus de Bie. He was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter", "id": "4566739" }, { "contents": "Willem Gabron\n\n\n. He was first registered in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke as a ‘wijnmeester’ (i.e. son of a master of the Guild) in the guild year 1640-41, along with his younger brother Antoon. His sister Anna Maria married the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Younger. Gabron travelled to Rome, at the latest by 1646. Here he became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the", "id": "12740318" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nBaroque painter, and the engraving of the frontispiece was made by Jacob Neefs (Antwerp, June 3, 1610 – 1660), also after a design by Erasmus Quellinus the Younger. Christoffel Plantin (1520–1589), grandfather of Balthasar Moretus, set up his printing shop called 'De Gulden Passer' (Golden Compasses) in Antwerp in 1555, publishing both Catholic and Protestant literature. This Frenchman, who fled his native country to Antwerp to escape the persecution during the 1540s, was the best-known printer of his time", "id": "2235324" }, { "contents": "Jan Anton van der Baren\n\n\nare a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder. These paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Van der Baren collaborated on garland paintings with other painters, such as Erasmus Quellinus II and the Flemish émigré painter Nikolaus van Hoy. These collaborators painted the devotional image while van der Baren painted the flower garland. An example is the \"Garland of flowers surrounding the Holy Family", "id": "16752890" }, { "contents": "Jacob de Formentrou\n\n\nthe conclusion that the painting is not a collaboration between all the artists whose works are represented in the painting but rather represents the combined effort of de Formentrou and Erasmus Quellinus II, a leading Antwerp painter. F. G. Meijer on the other hand believes that the composition is a collaboration between all of the artists whose work are depicted. He attributes the composition and the various pictures depicted in it as follows: The painting can be read as a reference to connoisseurship, and in particular the connoisseur's activity of evaluating the authorship of", "id": "8771731" }, { "contents": "Nicolaas van Eyck\n\n\nstarted to study in 1632. He was a captain of a local schutterij and this may be a reason why he painted military scenes. He was friends with the flower painter Jan Philip van Thielen, who had also been a pupil of Rombouts. Van Eyck was godfather to at least one of van Thielen's nine children. He was the teacher of Pieter Hofman. His sons Nicolaas II and Jan Carel van Eyck became painters. Jan Carel was a student of Jan Erasmus Quellinus and spent time in Italy. Nicolaas van Eyck", "id": "8735899" }, { "contents": "Philips Augustijn Immenraet\n\n\nwould paint the landscape while the other specialist painters would take care of other aspects of the painting such as staffage, architecture, animals or still life elements. A collaboration with Erasmus Quellinus II is reported by the Dutch biographer Arnold Houbraken. The Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium holds the 1672 painting \"The Legend of William Tell shown to the Antwerp Guild of St Sebastian\", which is a collaboration between Immenraet, Wilhelm Schubert van Ehrenberg (who painted the architecture) and Karel-Emmanuel Biset. He also worked with", "id": "10869502" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nUniversity – the same city where Jan Baptist Zangrius was also active. Here Lobkowitz published a major work titled \"Theologia Moralis ad prima, eaque clarissima principia reducta\" printed by Perus Zangrius (Lovanii, typis ac sumptibus Petrus Zangrius, 1645). His book titled \"Philippus Prudens\" containing some hatched arms was published in 1639 by Balthasar Moretus in Antwerp. The coats of arms were engraved by Cornelius Galle the Younger, after the drawings of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger (Antwerp, 1607 - Antwerp, 1678), a Flemish", "id": "2235323" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nFrans de Bie the Elder. He was baptised on 20 December 1629 in the St. Walburga church in Antwerp. He became a pupil of David Ryckaert III in 1641 and was admitted as a master in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645-1646. He married Catharina Douglas, called de Schot (the Scot), and was the father of Frans and Jan Baptist de Bie, who both became painters. Jan Baptist emigrated to Vienna where he remained active. Erasmus de Bie had pupils in 1660 and in 1666,", "id": "4566740" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck (III)\n\n\nSnellinck the Younger was a genre and history painter. His great-grandfather was the prominent Flemish painter and art dealer Jan Snellinck the Elder, who was originally from Mechelen and worked most of his career in Antwerp. Jan Snellinck (III)'s grand-uncles Daniel and Gerard were also painters. Very little is known about the life of Jan Snellinck (III). He likely trained with his father. He was active in Rotterdam for his entire career. The death date and place of Jan Snellinck are not known but", "id": "10515381" }, { "contents": "Anton Goubau\n\n\nat the front on the right, which expresses the transience of power and fame. In addition to his cityscapes, Goubau painted many religious compositions, especially designed for churches in Antwerp. He also made a number of religious paintings on copper as part of a series made for the Spanish market to which other Flemish painters such as Willem van Herp, Erasmus Quellinus II, and possibly Abraham Willemsens contributed. The series is now kept in the Convent of las Comendadoras de Santiaga in Madrid. He painted portraits as evidenced by the portrait", "id": "4569148" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof forms achieved through a sculptural use of light. Quellinus’ oldest known work is the 1634 \"Adoration of the Shepherds\" (Alte Pinakothek, Munich), which is in this Caravaggesque mode. From the 1640s, his style took on a classicizing aspect and a sculptured look. Erasmus never travelled to Italy so this stylistic development was likely influenced by the work of his brother Artus, who introduced his own style of classicizing Baroque in Flemish sculpture after returning from Rome in 1640. Both brothers depicted similar idealizing Antique figures in", "id": "11150852" }, { "contents": "Jan Siberechts\n\n\nEngland around 1672 and spent the first three years in England painting decorations in the Duke’s newly built Cliveden House at Taplow, Buckinghamshire, England. From the second part of the 1670s and in the 1680s he travelled widely in England completing numerous commissions for aristocratic clients. He lived in London where one of his daughters was a lace-maker for the Queen. His younger daughter, Frances, married the Flemish émigré sculptor Artus Quellinus III (known in England as 'Arnold Quellinus') and, after being widowed, John", "id": "14682967" }, { "contents": "Jan Fyt\n\n\n, Fyt collaborated regularly with other painters who were specialist in other areas such as figure, landscape or architectural painting. He thus relied on figure painters such as Cornelius Schut, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly on occasion Jacob Jordaens and on figure and architectural painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II. Jan Fyt produced many drawings of animals based usually on studies from nature. The Hermitage holds a large gouache drawing of a \"\". It is rich in colour and carefully executed and was likely intended as a model for tapestry cartoon. Fyt", "id": "1007601" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nartistic direction over the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the newly appointed governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, Leo van Heil worked as Quellinus' architectural assistant. The Archduke became his patron and appointed him as his court architect and commissioned various projects from van Heil, including a stone gate for the Archduke's palace in Brussels. The painter and printmaker Renier Meganck, who later worked as a court painter in Vienna, became a pupil of Leo van Heil in Brussels in 1656. In his time Leo van", "id": "8052851" }, { "contents": "Gerard Seghers\n\n\nGerard Seghers (1591 in Antwerp – 18 March 1651 in Antwerp) was a Flemish painter, art collector and art dealer. After a period of study of study and residence in Rome, he returned to Flanders where he became one of the leading representatives of the Flemish Caravaggisti movement. In his later career he abandoned the Caravaggist style and genre motifs to become an important painter of large altarpieces for local churches. Gerard Seghers was born in Antwerp as the son of innkeeper Jan Seghers and his wife Ida de Neve. He was", "id": "7355415" }, { "contents": "Jacob Leyssens\n\n\nJacob Leyssens or Jacob Lyssens (nickname Notenkraker) (1661, Antwerp - 1710, Antwerp), was a Flemish painter and decorator. After training in Antwerp, he spent a long time in Rome. After his return to Antwerp, he was active as a painter and decorator and collaborated with prominent Antwerp still life painters such as Gaspar Peeter Verbruggen the Younger and Jan Baptist Bosschaert. He was a student of Peter Ykens in 1674. He travelled to Rome at a young age as he is mentioned there in 1680. He", "id": "13757002" }, { "contents": "Francesco Ruschi\n\n\nFrancesco Ruschi was an Italian painter born in Rome around 1610. He studied in Rome under Giuseppe Cesari (Cavalier d'Arpino), Francesco Albani and Pietro da Cortona. His work also shows the influence of Caravaggio. He settled in Venice before 1629. He became a friend of the writer Giovan Francesco Loredan, for whom he drew the cover pages of several works. He moved to Treviso from 1656, and died there in 1661. Ruschi was influenced by the paintings of Paolo Veronese in his academic and decorative interpretations. These include", "id": "14035066" }, { "contents": "St. Peter in Chains Church (Beringen)\n\n\nor Vandereyt) and date from the late 17th century. Jan Rutten from Sint-Truiden completed the stalls after the death of Laurens Vandenreyt. The Baroque high altar contains a painting representing Christ on the cross attributed to the Antwerp painter Erasmus Quellinus II. The side altars are portico altars and contain the Baroque paintings \" Assumption and Coronation of Mary\" and the \"Finding of the Cross\", both by Anton Goubau. The rood screen is neogothic. The organ was manufactured in 1853 by Henri Vermeersch from Duffel and is the", "id": "12887333" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck\n\n\nJan Snellinck or Jan Snellinck (I) (Mechelen, c. 1548 – Antwerp, 1 October 1638) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and designer of tapestries, prints and frescoes. He is known for his large altarpieces and was also recognized as a leading battle painter in his time. Snellinck was active as an art dealer and art collector. Jan Snellinck was born in Mechelen as the son of Daniël Snellinck I, a painter and hawker, and Cornelia Verhulst (alias: Bessemeers). His mother came from a family", "id": "12059012" }, { "contents": "Paul de Vos\n\n\n. De Vos was able to develop his own personal style that accentuated abrupt movement, the gruesome aspects of hunts, used warmer colours and a broader brush stroke than Snyders. He also expanded the iconographic tradition with scenes of fighting cats and horses attacked by wolves. As was common amongst artists in 17th-century Antwerp, De Vos frequently collaborated with other painters. He collaborated with Rubens, Anthony van Dyck (, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg), Erasmus Quellinus II, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert, Adriaen van Utrecht and Jan Wildens", "id": "4556665" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nPieter Verbrugghen I (alternative spellings: \"Pieter Verbruggen I\", \"Peter van der Brugghen I\", \"Pieter van der Brugghen I\", \"Peter Verbrugghen I\", \"Peeter Verbrugghen I\") (1615, Antwerp – 1686, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor from the Baroque. He was apprenticed in 1625 as a 'beeltsnijder' (sculptor) to Simon de Neef, who was an 'antijcsnijder' (ornamental sculptor). Later he worked under Erasmus Quellinus I and in 1641 he married his", "id": "11276650" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nThomas Quellinus (March 1661 – September 1709), also known, especially in Denmark, as Thomas Qvellinus, was a Flemish baroque sculptor. He was born in Antwerp but worked mainly in Copenhagen, Denmark. He is especially known for the production of grandiose and sumptuous memorial chapels, sepulchral monuments and epitaphs, which can be found in churches throughout Denmark and northern Germany’s Schleswig-Holstein area. His chapels and monuments are dramatically composed, executed in rare, differently coloured types of marble and framed by monumental architectural components.", "id": "11778978" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nscenes and designs for tapestries. Like Rubens, Quellinus was a \"pictor doctus\" with a strong grounding in ancient history and philosophy. He had built an extensive library and art collection. This learning is reflected in the subject matter of his work. Even while he was a frequent collaborator with Rubens’ workshop in the 1630s, Quellinus developed a personal style distinctive from that of Rubens. This style is reminiscent of the Antwerp followers of Caravaggio such as Theodoor Rombouts and Gerard Seghers. Characteristics of this style are the strong modeling", "id": "11150851" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Bosschaert\n\n\nJan Baptist Bosschaert or Jan Baptist Bosschaert the Younger (baptized on 17 December 1667 in Antwerp –1746 in Antwerp) was a Flemish still life painter who is principally known for his decorative still lifes with flowers. He collaborated with figure artists on compositions which combined allegorical or mythological scenes with a still life element. He was active in Antwerp. Jan Baptist Bosschaert was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter-baker Jan Baptist and his second wife Joanna de Bie, the sister of the painter Erasmus de Bie. His", "id": "20819606" }, { "contents": "Wallerant Vaillant\n\n\nWallerant Vaillant (30 May 1623 – 28 August 1677) was a painter of the Dutch Golden Age and one of the first artists to use the mezzotint technique, which he probably helped to develop. Wallerant Vaillant was born in Lille, the oldest of five brothers who all became successful painters. It is said Wallerant was a student of Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) in Antwerp. He moved with his parents in 1643 to Amsterdam. In 1647 he lived in Middelburg, but in 1649 he was back in Amsterdam. In", "id": "8302348" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nHans Bernaert (or Beernart) (1615) and Christoffel de la Fontaine (1633–34). His work is not well known since only a few of his works have survived. Erasmus is primarily known as a sculptor who drew inspiration from antiquity. He worked in the late Renaissance style although his later work shows a development towards early Baroque. The bulk of his commissions consisted of the renovation and replacement of church furniture that had been destroyed during the iconoclastic troubles of the 16th century. Besides decorative work, he is known to", "id": "7355033" }, { "contents": "Rombaut Pauwels\n\n\nbrother of François Duquesnoy, and the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus also worked in this workshop in Rome. They and Rombaut Pauwels brought the moderate Baroque style of François Duquesnoy with them when they returned to the Southern Netherlands. After his return to Flanders, Rombaut Pauwels was active mainly in his hometown Mechelen and in Ghent. Rombaut Pauwels’ pupils included the brothers Hendrik and Jan Matthys. Rombaut Pauwels was a capable sculptor who worked in the classicizing Baroque style pioneered by François Duquesnoy but he lacked the virtuoso technique of his contemporaries Artus Quellinus", "id": "9167166" }, { "contents": "Lucas de Wael\n\n\nLucas de Wael (3 March 1591 – 25 October 1661) was a Flemish painter, engraver and merchant. He was born in Antwerp and worked for some time in Genoa in Italy before returning to Antwerp, where he died. Lucas de Wael was born into an artistic family in Antwerp as the son of the painter Jan de Wael I (1558-1633). His mother Gertrude de Jode came from a family of artists: her father was the cartographer Gerard de Jode and her brother was the engraver Peter de Jode", "id": "2957457" }, { "contents": "Jan van Balen\n\n\nGaspard, Theodoor van Thulden, Jan de Labare and Erasmus Quellinus the Younger on the execution of designs for the gallery on the Meir and the triumphal arch at St. John's Church in Antwerp. The overall design of the decorations was under the direction of Rubens. [[File:Jan Brueghel II, Jan van Balen - The Feast of Bacchus (Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus).jpg|thumb|\"The Feast of Bacchus\", with [[Jan Brueghel the Younger]] Jan van Balen left on 8 September 1639 with his brother Gaspard on", "id": "19729208" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nfor the Council Chamber, is repeated in a painting by Erasmus. This development towards classicist rigidity may reflect the influence of French art with its preference for classicism. Erasmus’ work also gained a theatrical aspect as reflected in the 1652 painting \"Artemisia\" (Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, University of Glasgow). The painting has a theatrical background like a park. This tendency became more evident in the 1660s when his paintings started to include grandiose scenery with flamboyant architecture. This is clear in the \"Let the Children Come", "id": "11150854" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nin particular the marble decorations he and his workshop produced, became an example for other buildings in Amsterdam. The team of sculptors that Artus supervised during his work on the Amsterdam city hall included many sculptors who would become leading sculptors in their own right such as his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Rombout Verhulst, Bartholomeus Eggers and Gabriël Grupello and probably also Grinling Gibbons. He returned to work in Antwerp in 1658 and remained active mainly in this city until his death. His many pupils included his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Martin Deurweerders", "id": "8459223" }, { "contents": "David Teniers III\n\n\nDavid Teniers III, also referred to as David Teniers junior (baptized 10 July 1638 – 2 October 1685) was a Flemish painter and tapestry designer who was mainly active in Antwerp, Madrid and Brussels. He is known for his portraits, religious compositions and genre scenes. David Teniers III was born in Antwerp where he was baptized on July 10 in the St. James' Church. He was a scion of two very prominent artist families from Antwerp: his father was the painter David Teniers the Younger and his mother was Anna", "id": "17442937" }, { "contents": "Gerard Douffet\n\n\nGerard Douffet (6 aug 1594 – 1660/1661), also known as Doufeet or Duffeit, was a Flemish painter. He was born at Liège in 1594, and studied for some time at Antwerp in the school of Rubens, and afterwards in Italy. He composed and designed with good taste, and his historical pictures are much esteemed. 'Pope Nicholas V. at the Tomb of St. Francis of Assisi ' (painted in 1627), 'St. Helena and the true Cross' (painted for the Abbey of St. Lawrence,", "id": "6883668" }, { "contents": "Jan van Buken\n\n\nJan van Buken or Jan van Beucken (10 March 1635 – 6 February 1690) was a Flemish painter mainly known for his genre paintings and still lifes. Jan van Buken was born in Antwerp. He became a master in the Guild of Saint Luke in 1658 where he was registered under the name 'Jan van Beucken'. In the period from 1666 to 1682 he worked in Rome while regularly travelling back to Antwerp. He returned to live in Antwerp after the death of his parents. Jan Baptist Beveren was registered as", "id": "15324731" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ntheir work in this period. His \"Adoration of the Holy Sacrament\" (1646) was painted in this style. From c. 1650 this classicism in his work became rigid and his compositions from this period made use of a limited number of stereotyped and idealized figure types. This stylistic development is evident in the interior decorations he made for the new City Hall of Amsterdam, which he executed in collaboration with his brother Artus. The brothers achieved stylistic agreement in this commission: the \"Judgement of Solomon\", which Artus sculpted", "id": "11150853" }, { "contents": "Nikolaus van Hoy\n\n\nhe would have met in Rome and had later joined him in Brussels. At about 1667 he became the court painter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria. He retained this post until his death in Vienna in 1679. He was succeeded at the court by his son Nickolaus van Hoey the Younger (Antwerp 1660- Vienna ca. 1710). He made landscapes and portraits. He engraved religious scenes and mythological figures adapted from originals of Veronese, Barocci and Raphael. He was one of the", "id": "16812974" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\ngenres including cattle market scenes, Italianate landscapes and village scenes. He is probably best known for his depiction of festivals and processions set in his native Antwerp. His village scenes are reminiscent of the genre scenes of David Teniers the Younger. He also took his inspiration from other Flemish artists. For instance, his composition \"\" likely drew its inspiration from similar paintings representing processions in cities by Flemish artists such as Pieter van Aelst and Erasmus de Bie. He painted many scenes of cattle markets, which offered him the opportunity to", "id": "3658943" }, { "contents": "Jan van den Hecke\n\n\nKunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Archduke Leopold Wilhem must have particularly liked his flower pieces as all of van den Hecke's paintings which he collected were pictures of flowers in vases and baskets and garland paintings. Van Hecke returned to Antwerp around 1657. In 1660 he married Maria Adriana Heyens with whom he had three children. His son, known as Jan van den Hecke II, was born in 1661 and became a popular painter of flowers as well as other types of still life. His two known pupils were Peeter vander Elstraeten (", "id": "14931009" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nLeo van Heil (Brussels, 1605 – c.1664), was a Flemish architect, painter and miniature painter mainly of flowers and insects. He is chiefly remembered for his designs of the Brigittines chapel and the tower of the Saint Nicholas Church, both in Brussels. Leo van Heil was born in Brussels. He had two brothers who were also artists: Jan Baptist van Heil was a portrait painter and Daniel van Heil was a landscape painter specialising in winter scenes or burning fires. When in 1648 Erasmus Quellinus was given the general", "id": "8052850" }, { "contents": "Jan Verhas\n\n\ngovernment awarded him a special subsidy of 1,200 francs and commissioned from him a composition depicting the Battle of Kallo. In 1862 he travelled via Paris and Lyon to Italy, where he made stops in Turin, Milan and Venice. He remained in Venice for two to three months, studying and copying the masters. Lack of funds forced him to leave Italy. He travelled back via Paris where his brother Frans was working at the time. Jan assisted his brother in the execution of several decorative projects. Afterwards he resided in Antwerp", "id": "9399028" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\nPeeter the Elder and Joris became painters. Alexander trained under his father. He became a master in the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1685. On 11 August 1685, he married Cornelia Sporckmans, daughter of the Antwerp history painter Hubert Sporckmans. They had three daughters and six sons of whom Jan Frans became a painter. Alexander van Bredael died in Antwerp. His pupils include his son Jan Frans, Peeter Busschop, Johan Baptist Govaerts, Guielmus van Ryn and Pieter Snyers. Alexander van Bredael painted in a wide variety of", "id": "3658942" }, { "contents": "Filippo Zaniberti\n\n\nFilippo Zaniberti (1585–1636) was an Italian painter of the late Mannerist period. He was born in Brescia and active in Venice, where he became a pupil of Santo Peranda. Zaniberti's style recalls the richness of Paolo Veronese. He painted a \"Mannah in the desert\" for the main altarpiece of the church of Santa Maria Nuova of Venice. He worked alongside the fellow Peranda disciple, Matteo Ponzone, in the decoration of the Ducal palace of Mirandola. He painted a \"Marriage of St Catherine\" for the church", "id": "19300082" }, { "contents": "St. Paul's Church, Antwerp\n\n\ntwisted marble columns. The painting \"Adoration of the shepherds\" by Rubens forms the altar piece. The Maria Chapel also contains a white marble sculpture of \"Our Lady of Sorrows\" by Jan Pieter van Baurscheit de Elder. The church holds elaborate tomb monuments attributed to Johannes van Mildert, Pieter Verbrugghen II and Andries Colyns de Nole. The 17th century organ is regarded as one of the most important organs of Belgium. The monumental organ case was sculpted by Pieter Verbrugghen I after a design by Erasmus Quellinus II. In 1623", "id": "10432986" }, { "contents": "David Teniers the Elder\n\n\nDavid Teniers the Elder (158229 July 1649), Flemish painter, was born at Antwerp. Having received his first training in the painter's art from his brother Juliaen, he studied under Rubens in Antwerp, and subsequently under Elsheimer in Rome; he became a member of the Antwerp guild of painters in 1606. Though his ambition led him at times to try his skill in large religious, historical and mythological compositions, his claim to fame depends chiefly on his landscapes and paintings of peasants carousing, of kermesse scenes and the", "id": "12948361" } ]

[ { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke as a 'wijnmeester', i.e. the son of a member of the Guild. The next year he married Cornelia Teniers, the daughter of painter David Teniers the Younger. Jan Erasmus Quellinus received many commissions including a large commission for paintings destined for Antwerp’s Saint Michael's Abbey. Around 1680 Quellinus worked in Vienna for the Habsburg court as a court painter to Emperor Leopold I. Among other works, the most important commission he completed was a series of 15 ceiling paintings on events in the life", "id": "7354727" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nJan-Erasmus Quellinus or Jan Erasmus Quellinus (1634 in Antwerp – 11 March 1715 in Mechelen) was a Flemish painter and draughtsman and a member of the famous Quellinus family of artists. He was one of the last prominent representatives of the great Flemish school of history and portrait painting in the 17th century. His work displays the classicizing influences of his father Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and Paolo Veronese. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his grandfather Erasmus Quellinus", "id": "7354724" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nwritten as \" Sederboom\"), which means 'cedar tree'. He is also reported to have used another nickname: 'Corpus'. Quellinus later moved to Venice where he resided from circa 1660 to 1661. Here he was influenced by the style of Veronese as is shown by his drawings from that time. During his stay in Northern Italy he was also introduced to the architecture of Palladio, which informed some of the decorative motifs he used in his later compositions. Upon his return to Antwerp in 1661 he joined", "id": "7354726" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof his father’s Classicism. As a result art historians have difficulty attributing some works to either artist. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus developed further on the Classicism of his father linking it with the influence of Paolo Veronese from whom he borrowed grandeur and various dynamic details. Unlike his father he liked to incorporate in his paintings grand architectural elements which were derived from the Palladian buildings he had seen in Northern Italy. As was common practice at the time, he collaborated with specialist painters in Antwerp such as the still life painter Jan Fyt", "id": "7354730" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Elder, his father Erasmus the Younger, and his uncles Artus Quellinus the Elder and Hubertus Quellinus. He was trained by his father from 1649. Jan-Erasmus travelled to Italy where he initially resided in Rome from 1657 to 1659. He became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Jan-Erasmus was given the bent name \"Seederboom\" (also", "id": "7354725" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\none of the leading artistic families in Antwerp, producing sculptors, painters and printmakers who would develop careers in Flanders and abroad. Father Erasmus Quellinus I, a sculptor, had moved from Sint-Truiden to Antwerp. The brothers of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger were both artists: Artus (1609-1668) was a leading Baroque sculptor and Hubertus (1619-1687) an engraver. Erasmus Quellinus II became a student of Jan-Baptist Verhaeghe, an obscure artist, in 1633. He became a master of the Antwerp Guild", "id": "11150843" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Me\" of 1664 (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels). These later compositions possible reflect an influence by the early work of his son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. As was common in Antwerp at the time, Quellinus collaborated with other painters. He worked with still life specialists on still lifes and portraits. Many of the still lifes fall into the category of ‘garland paintings’. Garland paintings are a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder.", "id": "11150855" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus the Younger and Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) was a Flemish painter, engraver, draughtsman and tapestry designer who worked in various genres including history, portrait, battle and animal paintings. He was a pupil of Peter Paul Rubens and was one of the closest collaborators of Rubens in the 1630s. Following Rubens’ death in 1640 he became one of the most prolific and successful painters in Flanders. Erasmus Quellinus II was born in Antwerp as the son of Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden. The Quellinus family became", "id": "11150842" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus I or Erasmus Quellinus the Elder (alternate names: Erasmus Quellinck, Erasme Quellin (I)) (Sint-Truiden, 1584 - Antwerp, 22 January 1640) was a Flemish sculptor best known for classically inspired ornamentation work and copies after the antique. He was the founder of an important Antwerp dynasty of artists. Details of his early life and training have not survived. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1606. He married Betje van Uden, the sister of the painter Lucas van", "id": "7355031" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nHis brothers became prominent artists: Erasmus was a painter and Hubertus was an engraver and painter. His sister Cornelia married his father’s pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. Artus Quellinus received his first training from his father. In the period from 1635 to 1639 he trained in Rome in the studio of his compatriot François Duquesnoy. He spent time in Lyon together with the Flemish painter Laureys Franck and was in contact there with the Dutch engraver Nicolaas van Helt Stockade and the Dutch painter Jan Asselijn. He returned to Antwerp", "id": "8459221" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\n, Joseph van den Kerckhoven, Davit van den Heuvel, Francis Cools, Allowisius de Meyere, Jan-Baptist Hyacint Breydel, Gaspar (or Jasper) de Cantelbeeck (1685-86), Jan François Blondeau and Jacobus Blondeau (1697-98). From 1712 the artist resided and worked in Mechelen where he died on 11 March 1715. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was principally a history painter who also painted the occasional portrait. He had an extensive output supported by a large workshop. His style is closely related to that", "id": "7354729" }, { "contents": "Anthoni Schoonjans\n\n\nMarch 1655. He became in the Guild year 1668-1669 in Antwerp an apprentice of Erasmus Quellinus II and that master's son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. From 1674 to 1677 the artist resided in Reims and he also spent some time in Paris. In 1674 his mother met up with her son Anthoni in Reims. He left France and from 6 January 1675 he resided in Rome, where he familiarised himself with the Italian Baroque. He shared in Rome a residence with the flower painter Carel de Vogelaer in Via Margutta.", "id": "9299848" }, { "contents": "Nicolaes van Verendael\n\n\nteacher of someone referred to as 'priest Cano' and the flower painter Jean Baptiste Morel. Van Verendael mainly painted flower pieces, vanitas still lifes and a few allegorical scenes with monkeys. His dated works are from the period between 1659 and 1690. He was highly regarded from an early age when he started working with some of the leading Antwerp painters such as David Teniers the Younger, Gonzales Coques, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Boeckhorst, Carstian Luyckx and Jan Davidsz. de Heem. His early work shows the influence of", "id": "18460769" }, { "contents": "Theodoor Boeyermans\n\n\n' dated works are dated between 1660 and 1677. He was mainly a painter of history and allegorical paintings. The artist received many important commissions for churches in his native Antwerp, the Kempen region and in Malines, but made his name in his hometown by painting secular compositions. He also painted group portraits. Together with Jan-Erasmus Quellinus, Boeyermans was one of the last important 17th-century Flemish history painters. His style was influenced by Rubens and van Dyck but he favoured a darker palette than those two artists.", "id": "6673291" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin 1662. On 9 November 1663, Erasmus Quellinus II married Françoise de Fren. De Fren was the daughter of the well-off André de Fren, secretary of the Council of Brabant, and the sister of Isabella de Fren, who was married to the court painter David Teniers II. In 1665 Quellinus designed a cenotaph for the deceased Philip IV of Spain and the decorations for the Joyous Entry of Don Francisco de Moura as governor of the Habsburg Netherlands. Erasmus Quellinus II died in Antwerp on 7 November 1678. His", "id": "11150849" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Antwerp from Rome around 1640. Artus worked in a classicizing style of Baroque under the influence of his compatriot, the sculptor François Duquesnoy, in whose workshop in Rome he had worked. This style had in turn been influenced by the Classicism of Annibale Carracci. The two brothers would from then on work together on various projects and mutually influence each other. After Rubens’ death in 1640 Erasmus Quellinus became one of the leading history painters of Flanders. He received many commissions for altarpieces in the region. In 1648 he was", "id": "11150847" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ncommissioned to make the decorations for the Joyous Entry of the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm into Antwerp, thus playing the same role as Rubens 13 years earlier for the Joyous Entry of Ferdinand. He made the decorations for the announcement of the Treaty of Westphalia in the same year. Around 1656 Erasmus worked in Amsterdam where his brother Artus was responsible for the decoration of the new City Hall. Erasmus assisted in this project and the brothers also collaborated on other commissions. Erasmus painted altarpieces for clandestine Catholic churches in Amsterdam. His first wife died", "id": "11150848" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\npupils included his son Jan Erasmus Quellinus, Guilliam Forchondt (II), Julius de Geest, Willem de Ryck, Anthoni Schoonjans, Wallerant Vaillant and Remacle Serin. Erasmus Quellinus II was a very versatile artist who worked in various genres. He received numerous commissions for altarpieces depicting Counter-Reformation themes for churches and monasteries throughout the Southern Netherlands. He also received many civic commissions which allowed him to show his learning in the depiction of scenes from ancient history and mythology and allegorical compositions. In addition, he produced portraits, battle", "id": "11150850" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof Saint Luke in 1633-1634. In the 1630s, the artist worked and likely studied in the workshop of Rubens and regularly collaborated on projects with Rubens. In 1634 Erasmus II married Catharina de Hemelaer, a niece of Jan de Hemelaer, the deacon of Antwerp Cathedral. Their son Jan Erasmus followed in his father’s footsteps and became a painter. From the notes made by his son Jan Erasmus in the margin of his copy of Cornelis de Bie’s book of artist biographies entitled Het Gulden Cabinet, it is known", "id": "11150844" }, { "contents": "Jan van Kessel the Elder\n\n\na figure painter was responsible for the figure or other image in the cartouche. His collaborators on garland paintings are believed to have included his uncle David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus the Elder, Hendrick van Balen the Elder, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly Jan Boeckhorst. An example of a collaborative garland painting made by Jan van Kessel and David Teniers the Younger is the composition (c. 1660-1670, Louvre). In this work Jan van Kessel painted a decorative garland representing the four elements around a cartouche showing a young", "id": "16247184" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin the Hermitage Museum, a collaboration with Frans Ykens. Quellinus further collaborated with the animal and still life painter Jan Fyt on portraits such as the \"Portrait of a young boy\" (Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp) of c. 1650. Quellinus also collaborated with animal painters Peter Boel and genre painter Jan van Kessel the Elder. Erasmus Quellinus II executed various tapestry designs. In 1649 he produced the designs for a tapestry series depicting the \"History of the Thurn and Taxis Family\" (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of", "id": "11150857" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nHe was a member of the well-known Quellinus family of artists from 17th century Antwerp, major center of artistic life then known as \"the Florence of the North\". Thomas Quellinus was born in Antwerp to the leading Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus II and Anna Maria Gabron, and was baptised on 17 March 1661. He trained in his father’s workshop in the art of sculpture. After completing his apprenticeship with his father, he went to London, England, where he worked with his brother Artus Quellinus III. While", "id": "11778979" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nArtus Quellinus also known as Artus (Arnoldus) Quellijn, Artus Quellinus I or Artus Quellinus the Elder (20 or 30 August 1609, Antwerp  – 23 August 1668, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor. He is regarded as the most important representative of the Baroque in sculpture in the Southern Netherlands. His work had a major influence on the development of sculpture in Northern Europe. Artus Quellinus the Elder was born into an artistic family. He was the son of the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden.", "id": "8459220" }, { "contents": "Jan Pieter Brueghel\n\n\nJan Pieter Brueghel or Jan Pieter Breughel (29 August 1628 (baptised) – 1664) was a Flemish Baroque painter specialised in flower still lifes. Brueghel was born in Antwerp. He was the son of Jan Brueghel the Younger and Anna-Maria Janssens. He joined the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645 as \"wijnmeester\". He died in Italy, after 1664, and is known for flower still lifes. He created many garland paintings on which he collaborated with other painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II who painted the", "id": "10461841" }, { "contents": "Pieter Boel\n\n\nBoel got to know the work of the Genoese artist Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione and the still life painter Giuseppe Recco. He learned from these Italian masters to heighten the dramatic effect of his canvases by emphasizing the shadows. He also used red drapes in the background, a Baroque element par excellence, to enhance the atmosphere of his compositions. Boel is known to have collaborated with fellow Antwerp artists Erasmus Quellinus II and Jacob Jordaens, who painted the human figures in his compositions. Boel was accomplished in large-scale vanitas paintings depicting an", "id": "20560716" }, { "contents": "Pieter Bruegel the Elder\n\n\n(grandson of Jan Bruegel the Elder) and Jan van Kessel the Younger. Through David Teniers, the family is also related to the whole Teniers family of painters and the Quellinus family of painters and sculptors, since Jan-Erasmus Quellinus married Cornelia, daughter of David Teniers the Younger. Bruegel's art was long more highly valued by collectors than critics. His friend Abraham Ortelius described him in a friendship album in 1574 as \"the most perfect painter of his century\", but both Vasari and Van Mander see him as", "id": "17084192" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nflowers. The subject of vanitas as depicted here was unusual for van Utrecht and shows that his role in the development of new types of still life has not been sufficiently recognized in art-historical literature. As was common in Antwerp’s art sector at the time, van Utrecht collaborated with other specialist artists, typically figure painters. He is known to have provided the still life elements in paintings by Jacob Jordaens, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Cossiers, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. He is believed to have also collaborated with David Teniers", "id": "18461245" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nHubertus Quellinus or Hubert Quellinus (August 15, 1619, Antwerp – 1687) was a Flemish printmaker, draughtsman and painter and a member of the prominent Quellinus family of artists. His engravings after the work of his brother, the Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder, were instrumental in the spread of the Flemish Baroque idiom in Europe in the second half of the 17th century. Hubertus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his father Erasmus Quellinus the Elder and his brothers,", "id": "8520392" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus III\n\n\nArtus Quellinus III (1653, Antwerp – December 1686, London) was a Flemish sculptor active in London. His name is often anglicised to Arnold Quellan, Arnold Quellin or Arnold Quellinus or mistakenly given as \"Jan Quellinus\". He was the son of Artus Quellinus II and brother to the sculptor Thomas Quellinus and the painter Cornelis Quellinus He trained in his father's workshop in Antwerp before moving to London in 1682. He was married to Frances Siberechts, youngest daughter of the Antwerp-born painter Jan Siberechts, who had", "id": "13748725" }, { "contents": "Flemish Baroque painting\n\n\npainters combined a local influence from Rubens with knowledge of classicism and Italian Baroque qualities. Artists in the vein include Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Jan van den Hoecke, Pieter van Lint, Cornelis Schut, and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Later in the century, many painters turned to Anthony van Dyck as a major influence. Among them were Pieter Thijs, Lucas Franchoys the Younger, and artists who were also inspired by Late Baroque theatricality such as Theodoor Boeyermans and Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. Additionally, a Flemish variant of \"Caravaggism\"", "id": "6030293" }, { "contents": "Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen\n\n\nthe principal representatives of Flemish high baroque sculpture. The father had been a pupil of Erasmus Quellinus I, who was himself the founder of a prominent family of artists. The father married the daughter of his master Erasmus Quellinus. From this marriage Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was born. His brother Pieter Verbrugghen II was also a sculptor and worked in the workshop of his father. Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was trained by his father. Nonetheless, he did not start his career as a sculptor but as a draughtsman working with the illuminator Jan Ruyselinck", "id": "10070115" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nand Londerzeel. Many of his paintings can be regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. He often worked from prints made after the works of these masters to create his own compositions. An example is the (Prado Museum), which is based on a print after Rafael", "id": "11181884" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Rubens pupil Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and the prominent sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. In 1650 he traveled to Rome where he joined the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Hubertus was given the bent name \"Saracin\". Quellinus was in Amsterdam by 1660 where he collaborated on a publication, which consisted of two parts: the first part consisted of 30 plates depicting the Amsterdam", "id": "8520393" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\ncompleted the frontal decoration of the organ in the Antwerp cathedral, based on a design made by Erasmus Quellinus II. He and his workshop made the oak confessionals in the St. Paul's Church in Antwerp (between 1658 and 1660). He made the oak organ case in that church in collaboration with Artus Quellinus the Elder in 1654, and together with his son Pieter Verbrugghen II he executed the designs for the high altar in 1670. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known creations. The", "id": "11276653" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nArtus Quellinus II or Artus Quellinus the Younger (alternative first name: Arnold; variation on family name: Quellijn, Quellyn, Quellien, Quellin, Quellinius) (between 10 and 20 November 1625, Sint-Truiden – 22 November 1700, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor who played an important role in the evolution of Northern-European sculpture from High Baroque to Late Baroque. Artus Quellinus II was born into an artistic family. His uncle was the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I, whose son was Artus Quellinus I,", "id": "13073282" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Some of these works are now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. He returned to Antwerp where between the years 1685 and 1712 he worked on many commissions for churches in Antwerp and throughout Flanders. He also had many pupils including Anthoni Schoonjans, Simon de Marets, Jan Carel van Eyck, Guiliam Draeger (1668-69), Christoffel Franciscus Ponsel, Jacobus de Play (1669-1670), Peeter Heymans, Franciscus Carnonckel, Franciscus Cuylen, Hieronymus Galle (1673-74)", "id": "7354728" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nthat Erasmus II obtained a degree in philosophy. This explains the fact that he wrote a philosophical tract entitled \"Philosophia\", which was recorded in the 1679 inventory of his estate. Quellinus became a regular collaborator with Rubens from 1635. He first worked on the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the new governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand. Rubens was in overall charge of this project. Quellinus made decorative paintings after designs by Rubens of which six have survived. In the period 1636-1638 Rubens", "id": "11150845" }, { "contents": "Joannes Chrysostomus Teniers\n\n\n. As abbot he took the motto \"Tene Quod Bene\" (\"Hold on to what is good\", 1 Thessalonians 5, verse 21). Teniers died in Antwerp on 30 November 1709. His portrait painted by Jan-Erasmus Quellinus is inside Tongerlo Abbey. Teniers had some reputation as a preacher and a manuscript of his sermons for feastdays was preserved in the monastery library, as well as two volumes of his notes on the works of St Augustine. One of Teniers' poems was published in the preliminary matter", "id": "1158593" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nThese paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Erasmus Quellinus II collaborated on garland paintings with still life specialists, such as his brother-in-law Jan Philip van Thielen, Daniel Seghers, Jan Pieter Brueghel, Frans Ykens, Peter Willebeeck and Jan Anton van der Baren. These collaborators painted the flower garland while Quellinus painted the figures and architectural setting. An example is the \"Holy Family in a Wreath of Flowers\"", "id": "11150856" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\n’ workshop received a large commission to make mythological decorations for the hunting pavilion Torre de la Parada of the Spanish king Philip IV near Madrid. For this project Quellinus painted decorations after oil sketches by Rubens some of which have been preserved (Prado Museum). In early 1637 Quellinus drew frontispieces for the Antwerp printing house Plantin Press according to Rubens’ instructions regarding iconography and layout. These drawings were in Quellinus’ own style as Rubens let him a free hand in the design of the modelli. His brother Artus Quellinus I returned", "id": "11150846" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nwith living people and animals. Van Utrecht also painted a number of flower still lifes. He was a regular collaborator with leading Antwerp painters who had been pupils or assistants of Peter Paul Rubens, such as Jacob Jordaens, David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus II, Gerard Seghers, Theodoor Rombouts, Abraham van Diepenbeeck and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Adriaen van Utrecht was born in Antwerp as the son of Abel van Utrecht en Anne Huybrecht. In 1614 he became a pupil of Herman de Neyt, a painter and art dealer who", "id": "18461230" }, { "contents": "Baroque sculpture\n\n\nof a family of famous sculptors and painters, and son of another sculptor, Erasmus Quellinus. He settled in Antwerp in 1639. He became close to Rubens, and his work applied many of the principles of the compositions of Rubens to sculpture. Another important Belgian Baroque sculptor was Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen (1654–1724), who carved very elaborate sculptures, full of biblical scenes, flora and fauna,allegories and symbols for the ceremonial puppets the cathedrals and churches in Brussels, Louvain, Antwerp, Mechelen, and other cities. Early", "id": "16040697" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nwas back in Antwerp in 1657 and became an Antwerp burgher on 11 May 1663. His wife died on 15 October 1668 and the next year Artus remarried to Cornelia Volders. In the latter part of his life Quellinus received many commissions, primarily for church furnishings and tomb sculptures. His pupils include Alexander van Papenhoven, Thomas Quellinus, Jan van den Steen, (1633–1723), the Master of the St. Luke in Antwerp, Cornelis van Scheyck (1679–1680); Balten Rubbens (1685–1686); Adriaen Govaerts (1690–91) and", "id": "13073285" }, { "contents": "Peter Ykens\n\n\ntrained 28 pupils including Karel Breydel, Erasmus Causse, Gaspaer Janssens, Jan Thomas van Kessel, Henderick van Mael, Francis Scalie, Jan Baptist Kretsaert and Jacob Leyssens. His eldest son Jan Frans became a staffage painter who collaborated with still life painters of flowers and fruit. He died in Antwerp. He painted portraits and Christian religious representations and made a large number of altarpieces and paintings for local churches and palaces. As was the custom in Antwerp at the time, he often worked together with other painters who were specialists in", "id": "8049116" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\n. The couple had six children of whom three became artists: Artus Quellinus III and Thomas Quellinus were both successful sculptors whereas Cornelis Quellinus became a painter about whom little is known. The young Artus joined his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Amsterdam around 1653 where he became one of the members of the team of artists that worked under the direction of Artus I on the decoration of the newly built City Hall on the Dam Square. The artist traveled to Italy and probably visited Turin, Florence and Rome between 1655 and 1657. He", "id": "13073284" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nUden. The couple had three sons: Erasmus, who would become a painter and engraver, Artus, who would follow in his father’s footsteps and become a sculptor, and Hubertus, who became an engraver and painter. His daughter Cornelia Quellinus married his pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. He was the teacher of Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder, Melchior Charles, Wallerant Vaillant, Joos Sterck (1607); Rombout Claes (1609), Melchior van der Lanen (1612), Hans Franscoys (1614),", "id": "7355032" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nfurther inspired by the cult of veneration and devotion to Mary prevalent at the Habsburg court (then the rulers over the Southern Netherlands) and in Antwerp generally. Garland paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image, portrait or other religious symbol (such as the host). The paintings are usually a collaboration between a flower painter and a staffage painter. Van Thielen produced multiple garland paintings in collaboration with other artists. His collaborators included his brother-in-law Erasmus Quellinus II, Nicolas de Largilliere, Jan van", "id": "12866287" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nhe was the brother-in-law of Erasmus Quellinus II. Erasmus Quelllinus was married to the sister of his wife and would become one of the leading history painters in Flanders after the deaths of Rubens and van Dyck. Quellinus drew van Thielens’ portrait that was engraved by Richard Collin for Cornelis de Bie's book of artist biographies Het Gulden Cabinet. Van Thielen and his wife had 9 children. Because he liked flower painting he changed masters in 1641 and began training with Daniel Seghers, the leading flower painter in Flanders", "id": "12866282" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nbe regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. Typical examples of his work are the painting \"A Poor Company at Table in a Rustic Kitchen\" held by the National Trust at Tyntesfield and oil on copper religious paintings, such as \"Daniel in the Lion's Den\"", "id": "11181882" }, { "contents": "Mattheus Borrekens\n\n\nAntwerp on 25 December 1670. Mattheus Borrekens was mainly a reproductive printmaker. He made prints after the work of leading Flemish painters of his time such as Rubens, van Dyck, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Abraham van Diepenbeeck, Jan Thomas van Ieperen, Pieter van Lint and Cornelis Schut. He mainly concentrated on Christian religious subjects and portraits. He also engraved frontispieces of publications such as Christophe Butkens's\"Trophées tant sacrés et profanes du Duché de Brabant\". 1724-1726. For this publication he engraved after a design by van Diepenbeeck", "id": "2345697" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nmaster’s daughter, Cornelia Quellinus. Through his marriage he became the brother in law of the leading Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1641 and in 1659 he became the deacon of the Guild. His first wife died in 1662, and he remarried in 1665, to Elisabeth Lemmens. He was the father of the sculptors Pieter Verbrugghen II and Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen. His daughter Suzanna married the sculptor Peeter Meesens. His pupils included some of the leading representatives of the", "id": "11276651" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nhave made individual statues, none of which have survived. In 1635 he was awarded the contract to make the pulpit of the St. Elisabeth Hospital in Antwerp. This work is an example of early Baroque in Antwerp and shows Erasmus’ mastery of balance and symmetry, even though there is no sense of realism. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known commissions. He made the original design for the pulpit, which, after his death, was somewhat changed by his son Artus while Pieter Verbrugghen", "id": "7355034" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Barbé\n\n\nNicolaas Lauwers for infringement of privileges relating to prints he had created, he received the support of Rubens. Barbé married Christien (or Christina) Wierix, the daughter of the prominent engraver and publisher Hieronymus Wierix on 30 March 1620. According to the contemporary notes of the painter Erasmus Quellinus II, Barbé was a very ugly person, while his daughter, who was a gifted engraver, was counted among 'the most beautiful women of Antwerp'. Hieronymus Wierix , the father of his wife, had died in 1619 before the", "id": "20064889" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nthe most successful Flemish Baroque sculptor of the mid 17th century. Artus II is likely to have received his training as a sculptor from his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Antwerp to where he must have moved from his native city of Sint-Truiden (then in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, now in the Belgian province of Limburg). Artus Quellinus II became a master of the Guild of Saint Luke in Antwerp in 1650–51. Artus Quellinus II married Anna Maria Gabron, the sister of the painter Willem Gabron, in 1653", "id": "13073283" }, { "contents": "Daniel Seghers\n\n\n, the collaborators are not always known with certainty. It is known he often worked with Cornelis Schut, Erasmus Quellinus II, Abraham van Diepenbeek, Simon de Vos, Jan van den Hoecke, Gonzales Coques and Rubens. Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert is also mentioned as his collaborator. It is possible that Seghers collaborated with Rubens on a garland painting for the Saint Carolus Borromeus church in Antwerp. During his stay in Rome he also collaborated with Poussin and Domenichino. Unlike in his later collaborations, Seghers is believed to have added flower garlands", "id": "7240113" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nErasmus de Bie (1629 in Antwerp – 1675 in Antwerp) was a Flemish Baroque painter known for his city views and genre scenes. He depicted several lively scenes of large public celebrations in his hometown of Antwerp. It is not clear whether the views of Italianate cities and landscapes attributed to him are the work of Adriaen de Bie, a Flemish painter from Lier who worked in Italy for a while. Very little is known about the life of Erasmus de Bie. He was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter", "id": "4566739" }, { "contents": "Willem Gabron\n\n\n. He was first registered in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke as a ‘wijnmeester’ (i.e. son of a master of the Guild) in the guild year 1640-41, along with his younger brother Antoon. His sister Anna Maria married the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Younger. Gabron travelled to Rome, at the latest by 1646. Here he became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the", "id": "12740318" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nBaroque painter, and the engraving of the frontispiece was made by Jacob Neefs (Antwerp, June 3, 1610 – 1660), also after a design by Erasmus Quellinus the Younger. Christoffel Plantin (1520–1589), grandfather of Balthasar Moretus, set up his printing shop called 'De Gulden Passer' (Golden Compasses) in Antwerp in 1555, publishing both Catholic and Protestant literature. This Frenchman, who fled his native country to Antwerp to escape the persecution during the 1540s, was the best-known printer of his time", "id": "2235324" }, { "contents": "Jan Anton van der Baren\n\n\nare a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder. These paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Van der Baren collaborated on garland paintings with other painters, such as Erasmus Quellinus II and the Flemish émigré painter Nikolaus van Hoy. These collaborators painted the devotional image while van der Baren painted the flower garland. An example is the \"Garland of flowers surrounding the Holy Family", "id": "16752890" }, { "contents": "Jacob de Formentrou\n\n\nthe conclusion that the painting is not a collaboration between all the artists whose works are represented in the painting but rather represents the combined effort of de Formentrou and Erasmus Quellinus II, a leading Antwerp painter. F. G. Meijer on the other hand believes that the composition is a collaboration between all of the artists whose work are depicted. He attributes the composition and the various pictures depicted in it as follows: The painting can be read as a reference to connoisseurship, and in particular the connoisseur's activity of evaluating the authorship of", "id": "8771731" }, { "contents": "Nicolaas van Eyck\n\n\nstarted to study in 1632. He was a captain of a local schutterij and this may be a reason why he painted military scenes. He was friends with the flower painter Jan Philip van Thielen, who had also been a pupil of Rombouts. Van Eyck was godfather to at least one of van Thielen's nine children. He was the teacher of Pieter Hofman. His sons Nicolaas II and Jan Carel van Eyck became painters. Jan Carel was a student of Jan Erasmus Quellinus and spent time in Italy. Nicolaas van Eyck", "id": "8735899" }, { "contents": "Philips Augustijn Immenraet\n\n\nwould paint the landscape while the other specialist painters would take care of other aspects of the painting such as staffage, architecture, animals or still life elements. A collaboration with Erasmus Quellinus II is reported by the Dutch biographer Arnold Houbraken. The Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium holds the 1672 painting \"The Legend of William Tell shown to the Antwerp Guild of St Sebastian\", which is a collaboration between Immenraet, Wilhelm Schubert van Ehrenberg (who painted the architecture) and Karel-Emmanuel Biset. He also worked with", "id": "10869502" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nUniversity – the same city where Jan Baptist Zangrius was also active. Here Lobkowitz published a major work titled \"Theologia Moralis ad prima, eaque clarissima principia reducta\" printed by Perus Zangrius (Lovanii, typis ac sumptibus Petrus Zangrius, 1645). His book titled \"Philippus Prudens\" containing some hatched arms was published in 1639 by Balthasar Moretus in Antwerp. The coats of arms were engraved by Cornelius Galle the Younger, after the drawings of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger (Antwerp, 1607 - Antwerp, 1678), a Flemish", "id": "2235323" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nFrans de Bie the Elder. He was baptised on 20 December 1629 in the St. Walburga church in Antwerp. He became a pupil of David Ryckaert III in 1641 and was admitted as a master in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645-1646. He married Catharina Douglas, called de Schot (the Scot), and was the father of Frans and Jan Baptist de Bie, who both became painters. Jan Baptist emigrated to Vienna where he remained active. Erasmus de Bie had pupils in 1660 and in 1666,", "id": "4566740" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck (III)\n\n\nSnellinck the Younger was a genre and history painter. His great-grandfather was the prominent Flemish painter and art dealer Jan Snellinck the Elder, who was originally from Mechelen and worked most of his career in Antwerp. Jan Snellinck (III)'s grand-uncles Daniel and Gerard were also painters. Very little is known about the life of Jan Snellinck (III). He likely trained with his father. He was active in Rotterdam for his entire career. The death date and place of Jan Snellinck are not known but", "id": "10515381" }, { "contents": "Anton Goubau\n\n\nat the front on the right, which expresses the transience of power and fame. In addition to his cityscapes, Goubau painted many religious compositions, especially designed for churches in Antwerp. He also made a number of religious paintings on copper as part of a series made for the Spanish market to which other Flemish painters such as Willem van Herp, Erasmus Quellinus II, and possibly Abraham Willemsens contributed. The series is now kept in the Convent of las Comendadoras de Santiaga in Madrid. He painted portraits as evidenced by the portrait", "id": "4569148" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof forms achieved through a sculptural use of light. Quellinus’ oldest known work is the 1634 \"Adoration of the Shepherds\" (Alte Pinakothek, Munich), which is in this Caravaggesque mode. From the 1640s, his style took on a classicizing aspect and a sculptured look. Erasmus never travelled to Italy so this stylistic development was likely influenced by the work of his brother Artus, who introduced his own style of classicizing Baroque in Flemish sculpture after returning from Rome in 1640. Both brothers depicted similar idealizing Antique figures in", "id": "11150852" }, { "contents": "Jan Siberechts\n\n\nEngland around 1672 and spent the first three years in England painting decorations in the Duke’s newly built Cliveden House at Taplow, Buckinghamshire, England. From the second part of the 1670s and in the 1680s he travelled widely in England completing numerous commissions for aristocratic clients. He lived in London where one of his daughters was a lace-maker for the Queen. His younger daughter, Frances, married the Flemish émigré sculptor Artus Quellinus III (known in England as 'Arnold Quellinus') and, after being widowed, John", "id": "14682967" }, { "contents": "Jan Fyt\n\n\n, Fyt collaborated regularly with other painters who were specialist in other areas such as figure, landscape or architectural painting. He thus relied on figure painters such as Cornelius Schut, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly on occasion Jacob Jordaens and on figure and architectural painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II. Jan Fyt produced many drawings of animals based usually on studies from nature. The Hermitage holds a large gouache drawing of a \"\". It is rich in colour and carefully executed and was likely intended as a model for tapestry cartoon. Fyt", "id": "1007601" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nartistic direction over the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the newly appointed governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, Leo van Heil worked as Quellinus' architectural assistant. The Archduke became his patron and appointed him as his court architect and commissioned various projects from van Heil, including a stone gate for the Archduke's palace in Brussels. The painter and printmaker Renier Meganck, who later worked as a court painter in Vienna, became a pupil of Leo van Heil in Brussels in 1656. In his time Leo van", "id": "8052851" }, { "contents": "Gerard Seghers\n\n\nGerard Seghers (1591 in Antwerp – 18 March 1651 in Antwerp) was a Flemish painter, art collector and art dealer. After a period of study of study and residence in Rome, he returned to Flanders where he became one of the leading representatives of the Flemish Caravaggisti movement. In his later career he abandoned the Caravaggist style and genre motifs to become an important painter of large altarpieces for local churches. Gerard Seghers was born in Antwerp as the son of innkeeper Jan Seghers and his wife Ida de Neve. He was", "id": "7355415" }, { "contents": "Jacob Leyssens\n\n\nJacob Leyssens or Jacob Lyssens (nickname Notenkraker) (1661, Antwerp - 1710, Antwerp), was a Flemish painter and decorator. After training in Antwerp, he spent a long time in Rome. After his return to Antwerp, he was active as a painter and decorator and collaborated with prominent Antwerp still life painters such as Gaspar Peeter Verbruggen the Younger and Jan Baptist Bosschaert. He was a student of Peter Ykens in 1674. He travelled to Rome at a young age as he is mentioned there in 1680. He", "id": "13757002" }, { "contents": "Francesco Ruschi\n\n\nFrancesco Ruschi was an Italian painter born in Rome around 1610. He studied in Rome under Giuseppe Cesari (Cavalier d'Arpino), Francesco Albani and Pietro da Cortona. His work also shows the influence of Caravaggio. He settled in Venice before 1629. He became a friend of the writer Giovan Francesco Loredan, for whom he drew the cover pages of several works. He moved to Treviso from 1656, and died there in 1661. Ruschi was influenced by the paintings of Paolo Veronese in his academic and decorative interpretations. These include", "id": "14035066" }, { "contents": "St. Peter in Chains Church (Beringen)\n\n\nor Vandereyt) and date from the late 17th century. Jan Rutten from Sint-Truiden completed the stalls after the death of Laurens Vandenreyt. The Baroque high altar contains a painting representing Christ on the cross attributed to the Antwerp painter Erasmus Quellinus II. The side altars are portico altars and contain the Baroque paintings \" Assumption and Coronation of Mary\" and the \"Finding of the Cross\", both by Anton Goubau. The rood screen is neogothic. The organ was manufactured in 1853 by Henri Vermeersch from Duffel and is the", "id": "12887333" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck\n\n\nJan Snellinck or Jan Snellinck (I) (Mechelen, c. 1548 – Antwerp, 1 October 1638) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and designer of tapestries, prints and frescoes. He is known for his large altarpieces and was also recognized as a leading battle painter in his time. Snellinck was active as an art dealer and art collector. Jan Snellinck was born in Mechelen as the son of Daniël Snellinck I, a painter and hawker, and Cornelia Verhulst (alias: Bessemeers). His mother came from a family", "id": "12059012" }, { "contents": "Paul de Vos\n\n\n. De Vos was able to develop his own personal style that accentuated abrupt movement, the gruesome aspects of hunts, used warmer colours and a broader brush stroke than Snyders. He also expanded the iconographic tradition with scenes of fighting cats and horses attacked by wolves. As was common amongst artists in 17th-century Antwerp, De Vos frequently collaborated with other painters. He collaborated with Rubens, Anthony van Dyck (, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg), Erasmus Quellinus II, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert, Adriaen van Utrecht and Jan Wildens", "id": "4556665" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nPieter Verbrugghen I (alternative spellings: \"Pieter Verbruggen I\", \"Peter van der Brugghen I\", \"Pieter van der Brugghen I\", \"Peter Verbrugghen I\", \"Peeter Verbrugghen I\") (1615, Antwerp – 1686, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor from the Baroque. He was apprenticed in 1625 as a 'beeltsnijder' (sculptor) to Simon de Neef, who was an 'antijcsnijder' (ornamental sculptor). Later he worked under Erasmus Quellinus I and in 1641 he married his", "id": "11276650" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nThomas Quellinus (March 1661 – September 1709), also known, especially in Denmark, as Thomas Qvellinus, was a Flemish baroque sculptor. He was born in Antwerp but worked mainly in Copenhagen, Denmark. He is especially known for the production of grandiose and sumptuous memorial chapels, sepulchral monuments and epitaphs, which can be found in churches throughout Denmark and northern Germany’s Schleswig-Holstein area. His chapels and monuments are dramatically composed, executed in rare, differently coloured types of marble and framed by monumental architectural components.", "id": "11778978" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nscenes and designs for tapestries. Like Rubens, Quellinus was a \"pictor doctus\" with a strong grounding in ancient history and philosophy. He had built an extensive library and art collection. This learning is reflected in the subject matter of his work. Even while he was a frequent collaborator with Rubens’ workshop in the 1630s, Quellinus developed a personal style distinctive from that of Rubens. This style is reminiscent of the Antwerp followers of Caravaggio such as Theodoor Rombouts and Gerard Seghers. Characteristics of this style are the strong modeling", "id": "11150851" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Bosschaert\n\n\nJan Baptist Bosschaert or Jan Baptist Bosschaert the Younger (baptized on 17 December 1667 in Antwerp –1746 in Antwerp) was a Flemish still life painter who is principally known for his decorative still lifes with flowers. He collaborated with figure artists on compositions which combined allegorical or mythological scenes with a still life element. He was active in Antwerp. Jan Baptist Bosschaert was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter-baker Jan Baptist and his second wife Joanna de Bie, the sister of the painter Erasmus de Bie. His", "id": "20819606" }, { "contents": "Wallerant Vaillant\n\n\nWallerant Vaillant (30 May 1623 – 28 August 1677) was a painter of the Dutch Golden Age and one of the first artists to use the mezzotint technique, which he probably helped to develop. Wallerant Vaillant was born in Lille, the oldest of five brothers who all became successful painters. It is said Wallerant was a student of Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) in Antwerp. He moved with his parents in 1643 to Amsterdam. In 1647 he lived in Middelburg, but in 1649 he was back in Amsterdam. In", "id": "8302348" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nHans Bernaert (or Beernart) (1615) and Christoffel de la Fontaine (1633–34). His work is not well known since only a few of his works have survived. Erasmus is primarily known as a sculptor who drew inspiration from antiquity. He worked in the late Renaissance style although his later work shows a development towards early Baroque. The bulk of his commissions consisted of the renovation and replacement of church furniture that had been destroyed during the iconoclastic troubles of the 16th century. Besides decorative work, he is known to", "id": "7355033" }, { "contents": "Rombaut Pauwels\n\n\nbrother of François Duquesnoy, and the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus also worked in this workshop in Rome. They and Rombaut Pauwels brought the moderate Baroque style of François Duquesnoy with them when they returned to the Southern Netherlands. After his return to Flanders, Rombaut Pauwels was active mainly in his hometown Mechelen and in Ghent. Rombaut Pauwels’ pupils included the brothers Hendrik and Jan Matthys. Rombaut Pauwels was a capable sculptor who worked in the classicizing Baroque style pioneered by François Duquesnoy but he lacked the virtuoso technique of his contemporaries Artus Quellinus", "id": "9167166" }, { "contents": "Lucas de Wael\n\n\nLucas de Wael (3 March 1591 – 25 October 1661) was a Flemish painter, engraver and merchant. He was born in Antwerp and worked for some time in Genoa in Italy before returning to Antwerp, where he died. Lucas de Wael was born into an artistic family in Antwerp as the son of the painter Jan de Wael I (1558-1633). His mother Gertrude de Jode came from a family of artists: her father was the cartographer Gerard de Jode and her brother was the engraver Peter de Jode", "id": "2957457" }, { "contents": "Jan van Balen\n\n\nGaspard, Theodoor van Thulden, Jan de Labare and Erasmus Quellinus the Younger on the execution of designs for the gallery on the Meir and the triumphal arch at St. John's Church in Antwerp. The overall design of the decorations was under the direction of Rubens. [[File:Jan Brueghel II, Jan van Balen - The Feast of Bacchus (Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus).jpg|thumb|\"The Feast of Bacchus\", with [[Jan Brueghel the Younger]] Jan van Balen left on 8 September 1639 with his brother Gaspard on", "id": "19729208" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nfor the Council Chamber, is repeated in a painting by Erasmus. This development towards classicist rigidity may reflect the influence of French art with its preference for classicism. Erasmus’ work also gained a theatrical aspect as reflected in the 1652 painting \"Artemisia\" (Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, University of Glasgow). The painting has a theatrical background like a park. This tendency became more evident in the 1660s when his paintings started to include grandiose scenery with flamboyant architecture. This is clear in the \"Let the Children Come", "id": "11150854" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nin particular the marble decorations he and his workshop produced, became an example for other buildings in Amsterdam. The team of sculptors that Artus supervised during his work on the Amsterdam city hall included many sculptors who would become leading sculptors in their own right such as his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Rombout Verhulst, Bartholomeus Eggers and Gabriël Grupello and probably also Grinling Gibbons. He returned to work in Antwerp in 1658 and remained active mainly in this city until his death. His many pupils included his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Martin Deurweerders", "id": "8459223" }, { "contents": "David Teniers III\n\n\nDavid Teniers III, also referred to as David Teniers junior (baptized 10 July 1638 – 2 October 1685) was a Flemish painter and tapestry designer who was mainly active in Antwerp, Madrid and Brussels. He is known for his portraits, religious compositions and genre scenes. David Teniers III was born in Antwerp where he was baptized on July 10 in the St. James' Church. He was a scion of two very prominent artist families from Antwerp: his father was the painter David Teniers the Younger and his mother was Anna", "id": "17442937" }, { "contents": "Gerard Douffet\n\n\nGerard Douffet (6 aug 1594 – 1660/1661), also known as Doufeet or Duffeit, was a Flemish painter. He was born at Liège in 1594, and studied for some time at Antwerp in the school of Rubens, and afterwards in Italy. He composed and designed with good taste, and his historical pictures are much esteemed. 'Pope Nicholas V. at the Tomb of St. Francis of Assisi ' (painted in 1627), 'St. Helena and the true Cross' (painted for the Abbey of St. Lawrence,", "id": "6883668" }, { "contents": "Jan van Buken\n\n\nJan van Buken or Jan van Beucken (10 March 1635 – 6 February 1690) was a Flemish painter mainly known for his genre paintings and still lifes. Jan van Buken was born in Antwerp. He became a master in the Guild of Saint Luke in 1658 where he was registered under the name 'Jan van Beucken'. In the period from 1666 to 1682 he worked in Rome while regularly travelling back to Antwerp. He returned to live in Antwerp after the death of his parents. Jan Baptist Beveren was registered as", "id": "15324731" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ntheir work in this period. His \"Adoration of the Holy Sacrament\" (1646) was painted in this style. From c. 1650 this classicism in his work became rigid and his compositions from this period made use of a limited number of stereotyped and idealized figure types. This stylistic development is evident in the interior decorations he made for the new City Hall of Amsterdam, which he executed in collaboration with his brother Artus. The brothers achieved stylistic agreement in this commission: the \"Judgement of Solomon\", which Artus sculpted", "id": "11150853" }, { "contents": "Nikolaus van Hoy\n\n\nhe would have met in Rome and had later joined him in Brussels. At about 1667 he became the court painter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria. He retained this post until his death in Vienna in 1679. He was succeeded at the court by his son Nickolaus van Hoey the Younger (Antwerp 1660- Vienna ca. 1710). He made landscapes and portraits. He engraved religious scenes and mythological figures adapted from originals of Veronese, Barocci and Raphael. He was one of the", "id": "16812974" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\ngenres including cattle market scenes, Italianate landscapes and village scenes. He is probably best known for his depiction of festivals and processions set in his native Antwerp. His village scenes are reminiscent of the genre scenes of David Teniers the Younger. He also took his inspiration from other Flemish artists. For instance, his composition \"\" likely drew its inspiration from similar paintings representing processions in cities by Flemish artists such as Pieter van Aelst and Erasmus de Bie. He painted many scenes of cattle markets, which offered him the opportunity to", "id": "3658943" }, { "contents": "Jan van den Hecke\n\n\nKunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Archduke Leopold Wilhem must have particularly liked his flower pieces as all of van den Hecke's paintings which he collected were pictures of flowers in vases and baskets and garland paintings. Van Hecke returned to Antwerp around 1657. In 1660 he married Maria Adriana Heyens with whom he had three children. His son, known as Jan van den Hecke II, was born in 1661 and became a popular painter of flowers as well as other types of still life. His two known pupils were Peeter vander Elstraeten (", "id": "14931009" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nLeo van Heil (Brussels, 1605 – c.1664), was a Flemish architect, painter and miniature painter mainly of flowers and insects. He is chiefly remembered for his designs of the Brigittines chapel and the tower of the Saint Nicholas Church, both in Brussels. Leo van Heil was born in Brussels. He had two brothers who were also artists: Jan Baptist van Heil was a portrait painter and Daniel van Heil was a landscape painter specialising in winter scenes or burning fires. When in 1648 Erasmus Quellinus was given the general", "id": "8052850" }, { "contents": "Jan Verhas\n\n\ngovernment awarded him a special subsidy of 1,200 francs and commissioned from him a composition depicting the Battle of Kallo. In 1862 he travelled via Paris and Lyon to Italy, where he made stops in Turin, Milan and Venice. He remained in Venice for two to three months, studying and copying the masters. Lack of funds forced him to leave Italy. He travelled back via Paris where his brother Frans was working at the time. Jan assisted his brother in the execution of several decorative projects. Afterwards he resided in Antwerp", "id": "9399028" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\nPeeter the Elder and Joris became painters. Alexander trained under his father. He became a master in the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1685. On 11 August 1685, he married Cornelia Sporckmans, daughter of the Antwerp history painter Hubert Sporckmans. They had three daughters and six sons of whom Jan Frans became a painter. Alexander van Bredael died in Antwerp. His pupils include his son Jan Frans, Peeter Busschop, Johan Baptist Govaerts, Guielmus van Ryn and Pieter Snyers. Alexander van Bredael painted in a wide variety of", "id": "3658942" }, { "contents": "Filippo Zaniberti\n\n\nFilippo Zaniberti (1585–1636) was an Italian painter of the late Mannerist period. He was born in Brescia and active in Venice, where he became a pupil of Santo Peranda. Zaniberti's style recalls the richness of Paolo Veronese. He painted a \"Mannah in the desert\" for the main altarpiece of the church of Santa Maria Nuova of Venice. He worked alongside the fellow Peranda disciple, Matteo Ponzone, in the decoration of the Ducal palace of Mirandola. He painted a \"Marriage of St Catherine\" for the church", "id": "19300082" }, { "contents": "St. Paul's Church, Antwerp\n\n\ntwisted marble columns. The painting \"Adoration of the shepherds\" by Rubens forms the altar piece. The Maria Chapel also contains a white marble sculpture of \"Our Lady of Sorrows\" by Jan Pieter van Baurscheit de Elder. The church holds elaborate tomb monuments attributed to Johannes van Mildert, Pieter Verbrugghen II and Andries Colyns de Nole. The 17th century organ is regarded as one of the most important organs of Belgium. The monumental organ case was sculpted by Pieter Verbrugghen I after a design by Erasmus Quellinus II. In 1623", "id": "10432986" }, { "contents": "David Teniers the Elder\n\n\nDavid Teniers the Elder (158229 July 1649), Flemish painter, was born at Antwerp. Having received his first training in the painter's art from his brother Juliaen, he studied under Rubens in Antwerp, and subsequently under Elsheimer in Rome; he became a member of the Antwerp guild of painters in 1606. Though his ambition led him at times to try his skill in large religious, historical and mythological compositions, his claim to fame depends chiefly on his landscapes and paintings of peasants carousing, of kermesse scenes and the", "id": "12948361" } ]

[ { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke as a 'wijnmeester', i.e. the son of a member of the Guild. The next year he married Cornelia Teniers, the daughter of painter David Teniers the Younger. Jan Erasmus Quellinus received many commissions including a large commission for paintings destined for Antwerp’s Saint Michael's Abbey. Around 1680 Quellinus worked in Vienna for the Habsburg court as a court painter to Emperor Leopold I. Among other works, the most important commission he completed was a series of 15 ceiling paintings on events in the life", "id": "7354727" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nJan-Erasmus Quellinus or Jan Erasmus Quellinus (1634 in Antwerp – 11 March 1715 in Mechelen) was a Flemish painter and draughtsman and a member of the famous Quellinus family of artists. He was one of the last prominent representatives of the great Flemish school of history and portrait painting in the 17th century. His work displays the classicizing influences of his father Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and Paolo Veronese. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his grandfather Erasmus Quellinus", "id": "7354724" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nwritten as \" Sederboom\"), which means 'cedar tree'. He is also reported to have used another nickname: 'Corpus'. Quellinus later moved to Venice where he resided from circa 1660 to 1661. Here he was influenced by the style of Veronese as is shown by his drawings from that time. During his stay in Northern Italy he was also introduced to the architecture of Palladio, which informed some of the decorative motifs he used in his later compositions. Upon his return to Antwerp in 1661 he joined", "id": "7354726" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof his father’s Classicism. As a result art historians have difficulty attributing some works to either artist. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus developed further on the Classicism of his father linking it with the influence of Paolo Veronese from whom he borrowed grandeur and various dynamic details. Unlike his father he liked to incorporate in his paintings grand architectural elements which were derived from the Palladian buildings he had seen in Northern Italy. As was common practice at the time, he collaborated with specialist painters in Antwerp such as the still life painter Jan Fyt", "id": "7354730" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Elder, his father Erasmus the Younger, and his uncles Artus Quellinus the Elder and Hubertus Quellinus. He was trained by his father from 1649. Jan-Erasmus travelled to Italy where he initially resided in Rome from 1657 to 1659. He became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Jan-Erasmus was given the bent name \"Seederboom\" (also", "id": "7354725" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\none of the leading artistic families in Antwerp, producing sculptors, painters and printmakers who would develop careers in Flanders and abroad. Father Erasmus Quellinus I, a sculptor, had moved from Sint-Truiden to Antwerp. The brothers of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger were both artists: Artus (1609-1668) was a leading Baroque sculptor and Hubertus (1619-1687) an engraver. Erasmus Quellinus II became a student of Jan-Baptist Verhaeghe, an obscure artist, in 1633. He became a master of the Antwerp Guild", "id": "11150843" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Me\" of 1664 (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels). These later compositions possible reflect an influence by the early work of his son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. As was common in Antwerp at the time, Quellinus collaborated with other painters. He worked with still life specialists on still lifes and portraits. Many of the still lifes fall into the category of ‘garland paintings’. Garland paintings are a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder.", "id": "11150855" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus the Younger and Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) was a Flemish painter, engraver, draughtsman and tapestry designer who worked in various genres including history, portrait, battle and animal paintings. He was a pupil of Peter Paul Rubens and was one of the closest collaborators of Rubens in the 1630s. Following Rubens’ death in 1640 he became one of the most prolific and successful painters in Flanders. Erasmus Quellinus II was born in Antwerp as the son of Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden. The Quellinus family became", "id": "11150842" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus I or Erasmus Quellinus the Elder (alternate names: Erasmus Quellinck, Erasme Quellin (I)) (Sint-Truiden, 1584 - Antwerp, 22 January 1640) was a Flemish sculptor best known for classically inspired ornamentation work and copies after the antique. He was the founder of an important Antwerp dynasty of artists. Details of his early life and training have not survived. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1606. He married Betje van Uden, the sister of the painter Lucas van", "id": "7355031" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nHis brothers became prominent artists: Erasmus was a painter and Hubertus was an engraver and painter. His sister Cornelia married his father’s pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. Artus Quellinus received his first training from his father. In the period from 1635 to 1639 he trained in Rome in the studio of his compatriot François Duquesnoy. He spent time in Lyon together with the Flemish painter Laureys Franck and was in contact there with the Dutch engraver Nicolaas van Helt Stockade and the Dutch painter Jan Asselijn. He returned to Antwerp", "id": "8459221" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\n, Joseph van den Kerckhoven, Davit van den Heuvel, Francis Cools, Allowisius de Meyere, Jan-Baptist Hyacint Breydel, Gaspar (or Jasper) de Cantelbeeck (1685-86), Jan François Blondeau and Jacobus Blondeau (1697-98). From 1712 the artist resided and worked in Mechelen where he died on 11 March 1715. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was principally a history painter who also painted the occasional portrait. He had an extensive output supported by a large workshop. His style is closely related to that", "id": "7354729" }, { "contents": "Anthoni Schoonjans\n\n\nMarch 1655. He became in the Guild year 1668-1669 in Antwerp an apprentice of Erasmus Quellinus II and that master's son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. From 1674 to 1677 the artist resided in Reims and he also spent some time in Paris. In 1674 his mother met up with her son Anthoni in Reims. He left France and from 6 January 1675 he resided in Rome, where he familiarised himself with the Italian Baroque. He shared in Rome a residence with the flower painter Carel de Vogelaer in Via Margutta.", "id": "9299848" }, { "contents": "Nicolaes van Verendael\n\n\nteacher of someone referred to as 'priest Cano' and the flower painter Jean Baptiste Morel. Van Verendael mainly painted flower pieces, vanitas still lifes and a few allegorical scenes with monkeys. His dated works are from the period between 1659 and 1690. He was highly regarded from an early age when he started working with some of the leading Antwerp painters such as David Teniers the Younger, Gonzales Coques, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Boeckhorst, Carstian Luyckx and Jan Davidsz. de Heem. His early work shows the influence of", "id": "18460769" }, { "contents": "Theodoor Boeyermans\n\n\n' dated works are dated between 1660 and 1677. He was mainly a painter of history and allegorical paintings. The artist received many important commissions for churches in his native Antwerp, the Kempen region and in Malines, but made his name in his hometown by painting secular compositions. He also painted group portraits. Together with Jan-Erasmus Quellinus, Boeyermans was one of the last important 17th-century Flemish history painters. His style was influenced by Rubens and van Dyck but he favoured a darker palette than those two artists.", "id": "6673291" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin 1662. On 9 November 1663, Erasmus Quellinus II married Françoise de Fren. De Fren was the daughter of the well-off André de Fren, secretary of the Council of Brabant, and the sister of Isabella de Fren, who was married to the court painter David Teniers II. In 1665 Quellinus designed a cenotaph for the deceased Philip IV of Spain and the decorations for the Joyous Entry of Don Francisco de Moura as governor of the Habsburg Netherlands. Erasmus Quellinus II died in Antwerp on 7 November 1678. His", "id": "11150849" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Antwerp from Rome around 1640. Artus worked in a classicizing style of Baroque under the influence of his compatriot, the sculptor François Duquesnoy, in whose workshop in Rome he had worked. This style had in turn been influenced by the Classicism of Annibale Carracci. The two brothers would from then on work together on various projects and mutually influence each other. After Rubens’ death in 1640 Erasmus Quellinus became one of the leading history painters of Flanders. He received many commissions for altarpieces in the region. In 1648 he was", "id": "11150847" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ncommissioned to make the decorations for the Joyous Entry of the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm into Antwerp, thus playing the same role as Rubens 13 years earlier for the Joyous Entry of Ferdinand. He made the decorations for the announcement of the Treaty of Westphalia in the same year. Around 1656 Erasmus worked in Amsterdam where his brother Artus was responsible for the decoration of the new City Hall. Erasmus assisted in this project and the brothers also collaborated on other commissions. Erasmus painted altarpieces for clandestine Catholic churches in Amsterdam. His first wife died", "id": "11150848" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\npupils included his son Jan Erasmus Quellinus, Guilliam Forchondt (II), Julius de Geest, Willem de Ryck, Anthoni Schoonjans, Wallerant Vaillant and Remacle Serin. Erasmus Quellinus II was a very versatile artist who worked in various genres. He received numerous commissions for altarpieces depicting Counter-Reformation themes for churches and monasteries throughout the Southern Netherlands. He also received many civic commissions which allowed him to show his learning in the depiction of scenes from ancient history and mythology and allegorical compositions. In addition, he produced portraits, battle", "id": "11150850" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof Saint Luke in 1633-1634. In the 1630s, the artist worked and likely studied in the workshop of Rubens and regularly collaborated on projects with Rubens. In 1634 Erasmus II married Catharina de Hemelaer, a niece of Jan de Hemelaer, the deacon of Antwerp Cathedral. Their son Jan Erasmus followed in his father’s footsteps and became a painter. From the notes made by his son Jan Erasmus in the margin of his copy of Cornelis de Bie’s book of artist biographies entitled Het Gulden Cabinet, it is known", "id": "11150844" }, { "contents": "Jan van Kessel the Elder\n\n\na figure painter was responsible for the figure or other image in the cartouche. His collaborators on garland paintings are believed to have included his uncle David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus the Elder, Hendrick van Balen the Elder, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly Jan Boeckhorst. An example of a collaborative garland painting made by Jan van Kessel and David Teniers the Younger is the composition (c. 1660-1670, Louvre). In this work Jan van Kessel painted a decorative garland representing the four elements around a cartouche showing a young", "id": "16247184" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin the Hermitage Museum, a collaboration with Frans Ykens. Quellinus further collaborated with the animal and still life painter Jan Fyt on portraits such as the \"Portrait of a young boy\" (Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp) of c. 1650. Quellinus also collaborated with animal painters Peter Boel and genre painter Jan van Kessel the Elder. Erasmus Quellinus II executed various tapestry designs. In 1649 he produced the designs for a tapestry series depicting the \"History of the Thurn and Taxis Family\" (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of", "id": "11150857" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nHe was a member of the well-known Quellinus family of artists from 17th century Antwerp, major center of artistic life then known as \"the Florence of the North\". Thomas Quellinus was born in Antwerp to the leading Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus II and Anna Maria Gabron, and was baptised on 17 March 1661. He trained in his father’s workshop in the art of sculpture. After completing his apprenticeship with his father, he went to London, England, where he worked with his brother Artus Quellinus III. While", "id": "11778979" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nArtus Quellinus also known as Artus (Arnoldus) Quellijn, Artus Quellinus I or Artus Quellinus the Elder (20 or 30 August 1609, Antwerp  – 23 August 1668, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor. He is regarded as the most important representative of the Baroque in sculpture in the Southern Netherlands. His work had a major influence on the development of sculpture in Northern Europe. Artus Quellinus the Elder was born into an artistic family. He was the son of the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden.", "id": "8459220" }, { "contents": "Jan Pieter Brueghel\n\n\nJan Pieter Brueghel or Jan Pieter Breughel (29 August 1628 (baptised) – 1664) was a Flemish Baroque painter specialised in flower still lifes. Brueghel was born in Antwerp. He was the son of Jan Brueghel the Younger and Anna-Maria Janssens. He joined the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645 as \"wijnmeester\". He died in Italy, after 1664, and is known for flower still lifes. He created many garland paintings on which he collaborated with other painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II who painted the", "id": "10461841" }, { "contents": "Pieter Boel\n\n\nBoel got to know the work of the Genoese artist Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione and the still life painter Giuseppe Recco. He learned from these Italian masters to heighten the dramatic effect of his canvases by emphasizing the shadows. He also used red drapes in the background, a Baroque element par excellence, to enhance the atmosphere of his compositions. Boel is known to have collaborated with fellow Antwerp artists Erasmus Quellinus II and Jacob Jordaens, who painted the human figures in his compositions. Boel was accomplished in large-scale vanitas paintings depicting an", "id": "20560716" }, { "contents": "Pieter Bruegel the Elder\n\n\n(grandson of Jan Bruegel the Elder) and Jan van Kessel the Younger. Through David Teniers, the family is also related to the whole Teniers family of painters and the Quellinus family of painters and sculptors, since Jan-Erasmus Quellinus married Cornelia, daughter of David Teniers the Younger. Bruegel's art was long more highly valued by collectors than critics. His friend Abraham Ortelius described him in a friendship album in 1574 as \"the most perfect painter of his century\", but both Vasari and Van Mander see him as", "id": "17084192" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nflowers. The subject of vanitas as depicted here was unusual for van Utrecht and shows that his role in the development of new types of still life has not been sufficiently recognized in art-historical literature. As was common in Antwerp’s art sector at the time, van Utrecht collaborated with other specialist artists, typically figure painters. He is known to have provided the still life elements in paintings by Jacob Jordaens, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Cossiers, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. He is believed to have also collaborated with David Teniers", "id": "18461245" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nHubertus Quellinus or Hubert Quellinus (August 15, 1619, Antwerp – 1687) was a Flemish printmaker, draughtsman and painter and a member of the prominent Quellinus family of artists. His engravings after the work of his brother, the Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder, were instrumental in the spread of the Flemish Baroque idiom in Europe in the second half of the 17th century. Hubertus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his father Erasmus Quellinus the Elder and his brothers,", "id": "8520392" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus III\n\n\nArtus Quellinus III (1653, Antwerp – December 1686, London) was a Flemish sculptor active in London. His name is often anglicised to Arnold Quellan, Arnold Quellin or Arnold Quellinus or mistakenly given as \"Jan Quellinus\". He was the son of Artus Quellinus II and brother to the sculptor Thomas Quellinus and the painter Cornelis Quellinus He trained in his father's workshop in Antwerp before moving to London in 1682. He was married to Frances Siberechts, youngest daughter of the Antwerp-born painter Jan Siberechts, who had", "id": "13748725" }, { "contents": "Flemish Baroque painting\n\n\npainters combined a local influence from Rubens with knowledge of classicism and Italian Baroque qualities. Artists in the vein include Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Jan van den Hoecke, Pieter van Lint, Cornelis Schut, and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Later in the century, many painters turned to Anthony van Dyck as a major influence. Among them were Pieter Thijs, Lucas Franchoys the Younger, and artists who were also inspired by Late Baroque theatricality such as Theodoor Boeyermans and Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. Additionally, a Flemish variant of \"Caravaggism\"", "id": "6030293" }, { "contents": "Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen\n\n\nthe principal representatives of Flemish high baroque sculpture. The father had been a pupil of Erasmus Quellinus I, who was himself the founder of a prominent family of artists. The father married the daughter of his master Erasmus Quellinus. From this marriage Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was born. His brother Pieter Verbrugghen II was also a sculptor and worked in the workshop of his father. Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was trained by his father. Nonetheless, he did not start his career as a sculptor but as a draughtsman working with the illuminator Jan Ruyselinck", "id": "10070115" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nand Londerzeel. Many of his paintings can be regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. He often worked from prints made after the works of these masters to create his own compositions. An example is the (Prado Museum), which is based on a print after Rafael", "id": "11181884" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Rubens pupil Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and the prominent sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. In 1650 he traveled to Rome where he joined the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Hubertus was given the bent name \"Saracin\". Quellinus was in Amsterdam by 1660 where he collaborated on a publication, which consisted of two parts: the first part consisted of 30 plates depicting the Amsterdam", "id": "8520393" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\ncompleted the frontal decoration of the organ in the Antwerp cathedral, based on a design made by Erasmus Quellinus II. He and his workshop made the oak confessionals in the St. Paul's Church in Antwerp (between 1658 and 1660). He made the oak organ case in that church in collaboration with Artus Quellinus the Elder in 1654, and together with his son Pieter Verbrugghen II he executed the designs for the high altar in 1670. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known creations. The", "id": "11276653" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nArtus Quellinus II or Artus Quellinus the Younger (alternative first name: Arnold; variation on family name: Quellijn, Quellyn, Quellien, Quellin, Quellinius) (between 10 and 20 November 1625, Sint-Truiden – 22 November 1700, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor who played an important role in the evolution of Northern-European sculpture from High Baroque to Late Baroque. Artus Quellinus II was born into an artistic family. His uncle was the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I, whose son was Artus Quellinus I,", "id": "13073282" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Some of these works are now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. He returned to Antwerp where between the years 1685 and 1712 he worked on many commissions for churches in Antwerp and throughout Flanders. He also had many pupils including Anthoni Schoonjans, Simon de Marets, Jan Carel van Eyck, Guiliam Draeger (1668-69), Christoffel Franciscus Ponsel, Jacobus de Play (1669-1670), Peeter Heymans, Franciscus Carnonckel, Franciscus Cuylen, Hieronymus Galle (1673-74)", "id": "7354728" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nthat Erasmus II obtained a degree in philosophy. This explains the fact that he wrote a philosophical tract entitled \"Philosophia\", which was recorded in the 1679 inventory of his estate. Quellinus became a regular collaborator with Rubens from 1635. He first worked on the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the new governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand. Rubens was in overall charge of this project. Quellinus made decorative paintings after designs by Rubens of which six have survived. In the period 1636-1638 Rubens", "id": "11150845" }, { "contents": "Joannes Chrysostomus Teniers\n\n\n. As abbot he took the motto \"Tene Quod Bene\" (\"Hold on to what is good\", 1 Thessalonians 5, verse 21). Teniers died in Antwerp on 30 November 1709. His portrait painted by Jan-Erasmus Quellinus is inside Tongerlo Abbey. Teniers had some reputation as a preacher and a manuscript of his sermons for feastdays was preserved in the monastery library, as well as two volumes of his notes on the works of St Augustine. One of Teniers' poems was published in the preliminary matter", "id": "1158593" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nThese paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Erasmus Quellinus II collaborated on garland paintings with still life specialists, such as his brother-in-law Jan Philip van Thielen, Daniel Seghers, Jan Pieter Brueghel, Frans Ykens, Peter Willebeeck and Jan Anton van der Baren. These collaborators painted the flower garland while Quellinus painted the figures and architectural setting. An example is the \"Holy Family in a Wreath of Flowers\"", "id": "11150856" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\n’ workshop received a large commission to make mythological decorations for the hunting pavilion Torre de la Parada of the Spanish king Philip IV near Madrid. For this project Quellinus painted decorations after oil sketches by Rubens some of which have been preserved (Prado Museum). In early 1637 Quellinus drew frontispieces for the Antwerp printing house Plantin Press according to Rubens’ instructions regarding iconography and layout. These drawings were in Quellinus’ own style as Rubens let him a free hand in the design of the modelli. His brother Artus Quellinus I returned", "id": "11150846" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nwith living people and animals. Van Utrecht also painted a number of flower still lifes. He was a regular collaborator with leading Antwerp painters who had been pupils or assistants of Peter Paul Rubens, such as Jacob Jordaens, David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus II, Gerard Seghers, Theodoor Rombouts, Abraham van Diepenbeeck and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Adriaen van Utrecht was born in Antwerp as the son of Abel van Utrecht en Anne Huybrecht. In 1614 he became a pupil of Herman de Neyt, a painter and art dealer who", "id": "18461230" }, { "contents": "Baroque sculpture\n\n\nof a family of famous sculptors and painters, and son of another sculptor, Erasmus Quellinus. He settled in Antwerp in 1639. He became close to Rubens, and his work applied many of the principles of the compositions of Rubens to sculpture. Another important Belgian Baroque sculptor was Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen (1654–1724), who carved very elaborate sculptures, full of biblical scenes, flora and fauna,allegories and symbols for the ceremonial puppets the cathedrals and churches in Brussels, Louvain, Antwerp, Mechelen, and other cities. Early", "id": "16040697" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nwas back in Antwerp in 1657 and became an Antwerp burgher on 11 May 1663. His wife died on 15 October 1668 and the next year Artus remarried to Cornelia Volders. In the latter part of his life Quellinus received many commissions, primarily for church furnishings and tomb sculptures. His pupils include Alexander van Papenhoven, Thomas Quellinus, Jan van den Steen, (1633–1723), the Master of the St. Luke in Antwerp, Cornelis van Scheyck (1679–1680); Balten Rubbens (1685–1686); Adriaen Govaerts (1690–91) and", "id": "13073285" }, { "contents": "Peter Ykens\n\n\ntrained 28 pupils including Karel Breydel, Erasmus Causse, Gaspaer Janssens, Jan Thomas van Kessel, Henderick van Mael, Francis Scalie, Jan Baptist Kretsaert and Jacob Leyssens. His eldest son Jan Frans became a staffage painter who collaborated with still life painters of flowers and fruit. He died in Antwerp. He painted portraits and Christian religious representations and made a large number of altarpieces and paintings for local churches and palaces. As was the custom in Antwerp at the time, he often worked together with other painters who were specialists in", "id": "8049116" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\n. The couple had six children of whom three became artists: Artus Quellinus III and Thomas Quellinus were both successful sculptors whereas Cornelis Quellinus became a painter about whom little is known. The young Artus joined his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Amsterdam around 1653 where he became one of the members of the team of artists that worked under the direction of Artus I on the decoration of the newly built City Hall on the Dam Square. The artist traveled to Italy and probably visited Turin, Florence and Rome between 1655 and 1657. He", "id": "13073284" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nUden. The couple had three sons: Erasmus, who would become a painter and engraver, Artus, who would follow in his father’s footsteps and become a sculptor, and Hubertus, who became an engraver and painter. His daughter Cornelia Quellinus married his pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. He was the teacher of Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder, Melchior Charles, Wallerant Vaillant, Joos Sterck (1607); Rombout Claes (1609), Melchior van der Lanen (1612), Hans Franscoys (1614),", "id": "7355032" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nfurther inspired by the cult of veneration and devotion to Mary prevalent at the Habsburg court (then the rulers over the Southern Netherlands) and in Antwerp generally. Garland paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image, portrait or other religious symbol (such as the host). The paintings are usually a collaboration between a flower painter and a staffage painter. Van Thielen produced multiple garland paintings in collaboration with other artists. His collaborators included his brother-in-law Erasmus Quellinus II, Nicolas de Largilliere, Jan van", "id": "12866287" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nhe was the brother-in-law of Erasmus Quellinus II. Erasmus Quelllinus was married to the sister of his wife and would become one of the leading history painters in Flanders after the deaths of Rubens and van Dyck. Quellinus drew van Thielens’ portrait that was engraved by Richard Collin for Cornelis de Bie's book of artist biographies Het Gulden Cabinet. Van Thielen and his wife had 9 children. Because he liked flower painting he changed masters in 1641 and began training with Daniel Seghers, the leading flower painter in Flanders", "id": "12866282" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nbe regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. Typical examples of his work are the painting \"A Poor Company at Table in a Rustic Kitchen\" held by the National Trust at Tyntesfield and oil on copper religious paintings, such as \"Daniel in the Lion's Den\"", "id": "11181882" }, { "contents": "Mattheus Borrekens\n\n\nAntwerp on 25 December 1670. Mattheus Borrekens was mainly a reproductive printmaker. He made prints after the work of leading Flemish painters of his time such as Rubens, van Dyck, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Abraham van Diepenbeeck, Jan Thomas van Ieperen, Pieter van Lint and Cornelis Schut. He mainly concentrated on Christian religious subjects and portraits. He also engraved frontispieces of publications such as Christophe Butkens's\"Trophées tant sacrés et profanes du Duché de Brabant\". 1724-1726. For this publication he engraved after a design by van Diepenbeeck", "id": "2345697" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nmaster’s daughter, Cornelia Quellinus. Through his marriage he became the brother in law of the leading Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1641 and in 1659 he became the deacon of the Guild. His first wife died in 1662, and he remarried in 1665, to Elisabeth Lemmens. He was the father of the sculptors Pieter Verbrugghen II and Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen. His daughter Suzanna married the sculptor Peeter Meesens. His pupils included some of the leading representatives of the", "id": "11276651" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nhave made individual statues, none of which have survived. In 1635 he was awarded the contract to make the pulpit of the St. Elisabeth Hospital in Antwerp. This work is an example of early Baroque in Antwerp and shows Erasmus’ mastery of balance and symmetry, even though there is no sense of realism. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known commissions. He made the original design for the pulpit, which, after his death, was somewhat changed by his son Artus while Pieter Verbrugghen", "id": "7355034" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Barbé\n\n\nNicolaas Lauwers for infringement of privileges relating to prints he had created, he received the support of Rubens. Barbé married Christien (or Christina) Wierix, the daughter of the prominent engraver and publisher Hieronymus Wierix on 30 March 1620. According to the contemporary notes of the painter Erasmus Quellinus II, Barbé was a very ugly person, while his daughter, who was a gifted engraver, was counted among 'the most beautiful women of Antwerp'. Hieronymus Wierix , the father of his wife, had died in 1619 before the", "id": "20064889" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nthe most successful Flemish Baroque sculptor of the mid 17th century. Artus II is likely to have received his training as a sculptor from his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Antwerp to where he must have moved from his native city of Sint-Truiden (then in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, now in the Belgian province of Limburg). Artus Quellinus II became a master of the Guild of Saint Luke in Antwerp in 1650–51. Artus Quellinus II married Anna Maria Gabron, the sister of the painter Willem Gabron, in 1653", "id": "13073283" }, { "contents": "Daniel Seghers\n\n\n, the collaborators are not always known with certainty. It is known he often worked with Cornelis Schut, Erasmus Quellinus II, Abraham van Diepenbeek, Simon de Vos, Jan van den Hoecke, Gonzales Coques and Rubens. Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert is also mentioned as his collaborator. It is possible that Seghers collaborated with Rubens on a garland painting for the Saint Carolus Borromeus church in Antwerp. During his stay in Rome he also collaborated with Poussin and Domenichino. Unlike in his later collaborations, Seghers is believed to have added flower garlands", "id": "7240113" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nErasmus de Bie (1629 in Antwerp – 1675 in Antwerp) was a Flemish Baroque painter known for his city views and genre scenes. He depicted several lively scenes of large public celebrations in his hometown of Antwerp. It is not clear whether the views of Italianate cities and landscapes attributed to him are the work of Adriaen de Bie, a Flemish painter from Lier who worked in Italy for a while. Very little is known about the life of Erasmus de Bie. He was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter", "id": "4566739" }, { "contents": "Willem Gabron\n\n\n. He was first registered in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke as a ‘wijnmeester’ (i.e. son of a master of the Guild) in the guild year 1640-41, along with his younger brother Antoon. His sister Anna Maria married the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Younger. Gabron travelled to Rome, at the latest by 1646. Here he became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the", "id": "12740318" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nBaroque painter, and the engraving of the frontispiece was made by Jacob Neefs (Antwerp, June 3, 1610 – 1660), also after a design by Erasmus Quellinus the Younger. Christoffel Plantin (1520–1589), grandfather of Balthasar Moretus, set up his printing shop called 'De Gulden Passer' (Golden Compasses) in Antwerp in 1555, publishing both Catholic and Protestant literature. This Frenchman, who fled his native country to Antwerp to escape the persecution during the 1540s, was the best-known printer of his time", "id": "2235324" }, { "contents": "Jan Anton van der Baren\n\n\nare a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder. These paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Van der Baren collaborated on garland paintings with other painters, such as Erasmus Quellinus II and the Flemish émigré painter Nikolaus van Hoy. These collaborators painted the devotional image while van der Baren painted the flower garland. An example is the \"Garland of flowers surrounding the Holy Family", "id": "16752890" }, { "contents": "Jacob de Formentrou\n\n\nthe conclusion that the painting is not a collaboration between all the artists whose works are represented in the painting but rather represents the combined effort of de Formentrou and Erasmus Quellinus II, a leading Antwerp painter. F. G. Meijer on the other hand believes that the composition is a collaboration between all of the artists whose work are depicted. He attributes the composition and the various pictures depicted in it as follows: The painting can be read as a reference to connoisseurship, and in particular the connoisseur's activity of evaluating the authorship of", "id": "8771731" }, { "contents": "Nicolaas van Eyck\n\n\nstarted to study in 1632. He was a captain of a local schutterij and this may be a reason why he painted military scenes. He was friends with the flower painter Jan Philip van Thielen, who had also been a pupil of Rombouts. Van Eyck was godfather to at least one of van Thielen's nine children. He was the teacher of Pieter Hofman. His sons Nicolaas II and Jan Carel van Eyck became painters. Jan Carel was a student of Jan Erasmus Quellinus and spent time in Italy. Nicolaas van Eyck", "id": "8735899" }, { "contents": "Philips Augustijn Immenraet\n\n\nwould paint the landscape while the other specialist painters would take care of other aspects of the painting such as staffage, architecture, animals or still life elements. A collaboration with Erasmus Quellinus II is reported by the Dutch biographer Arnold Houbraken. The Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium holds the 1672 painting \"The Legend of William Tell shown to the Antwerp Guild of St Sebastian\", which is a collaboration between Immenraet, Wilhelm Schubert van Ehrenberg (who painted the architecture) and Karel-Emmanuel Biset. He also worked with", "id": "10869502" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nUniversity – the same city where Jan Baptist Zangrius was also active. Here Lobkowitz published a major work titled \"Theologia Moralis ad prima, eaque clarissima principia reducta\" printed by Perus Zangrius (Lovanii, typis ac sumptibus Petrus Zangrius, 1645). His book titled \"Philippus Prudens\" containing some hatched arms was published in 1639 by Balthasar Moretus in Antwerp. The coats of arms were engraved by Cornelius Galle the Younger, after the drawings of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger (Antwerp, 1607 - Antwerp, 1678), a Flemish", "id": "2235323" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nFrans de Bie the Elder. He was baptised on 20 December 1629 in the St. Walburga church in Antwerp. He became a pupil of David Ryckaert III in 1641 and was admitted as a master in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645-1646. He married Catharina Douglas, called de Schot (the Scot), and was the father of Frans and Jan Baptist de Bie, who both became painters. Jan Baptist emigrated to Vienna where he remained active. Erasmus de Bie had pupils in 1660 and in 1666,", "id": "4566740" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck (III)\n\n\nSnellinck the Younger was a genre and history painter. His great-grandfather was the prominent Flemish painter and art dealer Jan Snellinck the Elder, who was originally from Mechelen and worked most of his career in Antwerp. Jan Snellinck (III)'s grand-uncles Daniel and Gerard were also painters. Very little is known about the life of Jan Snellinck (III). He likely trained with his father. He was active in Rotterdam for his entire career. The death date and place of Jan Snellinck are not known but", "id": "10515381" }, { "contents": "Anton Goubau\n\n\nat the front on the right, which expresses the transience of power and fame. In addition to his cityscapes, Goubau painted many religious compositions, especially designed for churches in Antwerp. He also made a number of religious paintings on copper as part of a series made for the Spanish market to which other Flemish painters such as Willem van Herp, Erasmus Quellinus II, and possibly Abraham Willemsens contributed. The series is now kept in the Convent of las Comendadoras de Santiaga in Madrid. He painted portraits as evidenced by the portrait", "id": "4569148" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof forms achieved through a sculptural use of light. Quellinus’ oldest known work is the 1634 \"Adoration of the Shepherds\" (Alte Pinakothek, Munich), which is in this Caravaggesque mode. From the 1640s, his style took on a classicizing aspect and a sculptured look. Erasmus never travelled to Italy so this stylistic development was likely influenced by the work of his brother Artus, who introduced his own style of classicizing Baroque in Flemish sculpture after returning from Rome in 1640. Both brothers depicted similar idealizing Antique figures in", "id": "11150852" }, { "contents": "Jan Siberechts\n\n\nEngland around 1672 and spent the first three years in England painting decorations in the Duke’s newly built Cliveden House at Taplow, Buckinghamshire, England. From the second part of the 1670s and in the 1680s he travelled widely in England completing numerous commissions for aristocratic clients. He lived in London where one of his daughters was a lace-maker for the Queen. His younger daughter, Frances, married the Flemish émigré sculptor Artus Quellinus III (known in England as 'Arnold Quellinus') and, after being widowed, John", "id": "14682967" }, { "contents": "Jan Fyt\n\n\n, Fyt collaborated regularly with other painters who were specialist in other areas such as figure, landscape or architectural painting. He thus relied on figure painters such as Cornelius Schut, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly on occasion Jacob Jordaens and on figure and architectural painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II. Jan Fyt produced many drawings of animals based usually on studies from nature. The Hermitage holds a large gouache drawing of a \"\". It is rich in colour and carefully executed and was likely intended as a model for tapestry cartoon. Fyt", "id": "1007601" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nartistic direction over the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the newly appointed governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, Leo van Heil worked as Quellinus' architectural assistant. The Archduke became his patron and appointed him as his court architect and commissioned various projects from van Heil, including a stone gate for the Archduke's palace in Brussels. The painter and printmaker Renier Meganck, who later worked as a court painter in Vienna, became a pupil of Leo van Heil in Brussels in 1656. In his time Leo van", "id": "8052851" }, { "contents": "Gerard Seghers\n\n\nGerard Seghers (1591 in Antwerp – 18 March 1651 in Antwerp) was a Flemish painter, art collector and art dealer. After a period of study of study and residence in Rome, he returned to Flanders where he became one of the leading representatives of the Flemish Caravaggisti movement. In his later career he abandoned the Caravaggist style and genre motifs to become an important painter of large altarpieces for local churches. Gerard Seghers was born in Antwerp as the son of innkeeper Jan Seghers and his wife Ida de Neve. He was", "id": "7355415" }, { "contents": "Jacob Leyssens\n\n\nJacob Leyssens or Jacob Lyssens (nickname Notenkraker) (1661, Antwerp - 1710, Antwerp), was a Flemish painter and decorator. After training in Antwerp, he spent a long time in Rome. After his return to Antwerp, he was active as a painter and decorator and collaborated with prominent Antwerp still life painters such as Gaspar Peeter Verbruggen the Younger and Jan Baptist Bosschaert. He was a student of Peter Ykens in 1674. He travelled to Rome at a young age as he is mentioned there in 1680. He", "id": "13757002" }, { "contents": "Francesco Ruschi\n\n\nFrancesco Ruschi was an Italian painter born in Rome around 1610. He studied in Rome under Giuseppe Cesari (Cavalier d'Arpino), Francesco Albani and Pietro da Cortona. His work also shows the influence of Caravaggio. He settled in Venice before 1629. He became a friend of the writer Giovan Francesco Loredan, for whom he drew the cover pages of several works. He moved to Treviso from 1656, and died there in 1661. Ruschi was influenced by the paintings of Paolo Veronese in his academic and decorative interpretations. These include", "id": "14035066" }, { "contents": "St. Peter in Chains Church (Beringen)\n\n\nor Vandereyt) and date from the late 17th century. Jan Rutten from Sint-Truiden completed the stalls after the death of Laurens Vandenreyt. The Baroque high altar contains a painting representing Christ on the cross attributed to the Antwerp painter Erasmus Quellinus II. The side altars are portico altars and contain the Baroque paintings \" Assumption and Coronation of Mary\" and the \"Finding of the Cross\", both by Anton Goubau. The rood screen is neogothic. The organ was manufactured in 1853 by Henri Vermeersch from Duffel and is the", "id": "12887333" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck\n\n\nJan Snellinck or Jan Snellinck (I) (Mechelen, c. 1548 – Antwerp, 1 October 1638) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and designer of tapestries, prints and frescoes. He is known for his large altarpieces and was also recognized as a leading battle painter in his time. Snellinck was active as an art dealer and art collector. Jan Snellinck was born in Mechelen as the son of Daniël Snellinck I, a painter and hawker, and Cornelia Verhulst (alias: Bessemeers). His mother came from a family", "id": "12059012" }, { "contents": "Paul de Vos\n\n\n. De Vos was able to develop his own personal style that accentuated abrupt movement, the gruesome aspects of hunts, used warmer colours and a broader brush stroke than Snyders. He also expanded the iconographic tradition with scenes of fighting cats and horses attacked by wolves. As was common amongst artists in 17th-century Antwerp, De Vos frequently collaborated with other painters. He collaborated with Rubens, Anthony van Dyck (, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg), Erasmus Quellinus II, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert, Adriaen van Utrecht and Jan Wildens", "id": "4556665" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nPieter Verbrugghen I (alternative spellings: \"Pieter Verbruggen I\", \"Peter van der Brugghen I\", \"Pieter van der Brugghen I\", \"Peter Verbrugghen I\", \"Peeter Verbrugghen I\") (1615, Antwerp – 1686, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor from the Baroque. He was apprenticed in 1625 as a 'beeltsnijder' (sculptor) to Simon de Neef, who was an 'antijcsnijder' (ornamental sculptor). Later he worked under Erasmus Quellinus I and in 1641 he married his", "id": "11276650" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nThomas Quellinus (March 1661 – September 1709), also known, especially in Denmark, as Thomas Qvellinus, was a Flemish baroque sculptor. He was born in Antwerp but worked mainly in Copenhagen, Denmark. He is especially known for the production of grandiose and sumptuous memorial chapels, sepulchral monuments and epitaphs, which can be found in churches throughout Denmark and northern Germany’s Schleswig-Holstein area. His chapels and monuments are dramatically composed, executed in rare, differently coloured types of marble and framed by monumental architectural components.", "id": "11778978" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nscenes and designs for tapestries. Like Rubens, Quellinus was a \"pictor doctus\" with a strong grounding in ancient history and philosophy. He had built an extensive library and art collection. This learning is reflected in the subject matter of his work. Even while he was a frequent collaborator with Rubens’ workshop in the 1630s, Quellinus developed a personal style distinctive from that of Rubens. This style is reminiscent of the Antwerp followers of Caravaggio such as Theodoor Rombouts and Gerard Seghers. Characteristics of this style are the strong modeling", "id": "11150851" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Bosschaert\n\n\nJan Baptist Bosschaert or Jan Baptist Bosschaert the Younger (baptized on 17 December 1667 in Antwerp –1746 in Antwerp) was a Flemish still life painter who is principally known for his decorative still lifes with flowers. He collaborated with figure artists on compositions which combined allegorical or mythological scenes with a still life element. He was active in Antwerp. Jan Baptist Bosschaert was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter-baker Jan Baptist and his second wife Joanna de Bie, the sister of the painter Erasmus de Bie. His", "id": "20819606" }, { "contents": "Wallerant Vaillant\n\n\nWallerant Vaillant (30 May 1623 – 28 August 1677) was a painter of the Dutch Golden Age and one of the first artists to use the mezzotint technique, which he probably helped to develop. Wallerant Vaillant was born in Lille, the oldest of five brothers who all became successful painters. It is said Wallerant was a student of Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) in Antwerp. He moved with his parents in 1643 to Amsterdam. In 1647 he lived in Middelburg, but in 1649 he was back in Amsterdam. In", "id": "8302348" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nHans Bernaert (or Beernart) (1615) and Christoffel de la Fontaine (1633–34). His work is not well known since only a few of his works have survived. Erasmus is primarily known as a sculptor who drew inspiration from antiquity. He worked in the late Renaissance style although his later work shows a development towards early Baroque. The bulk of his commissions consisted of the renovation and replacement of church furniture that had been destroyed during the iconoclastic troubles of the 16th century. Besides decorative work, he is known to", "id": "7355033" }, { "contents": "Rombaut Pauwels\n\n\nbrother of François Duquesnoy, and the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus also worked in this workshop in Rome. They and Rombaut Pauwels brought the moderate Baroque style of François Duquesnoy with them when they returned to the Southern Netherlands. After his return to Flanders, Rombaut Pauwels was active mainly in his hometown Mechelen and in Ghent. Rombaut Pauwels’ pupils included the brothers Hendrik and Jan Matthys. Rombaut Pauwels was a capable sculptor who worked in the classicizing Baroque style pioneered by François Duquesnoy but he lacked the virtuoso technique of his contemporaries Artus Quellinus", "id": "9167166" }, { "contents": "Lucas de Wael\n\n\nLucas de Wael (3 March 1591 – 25 October 1661) was a Flemish painter, engraver and merchant. He was born in Antwerp and worked for some time in Genoa in Italy before returning to Antwerp, where he died. Lucas de Wael was born into an artistic family in Antwerp as the son of the painter Jan de Wael I (1558-1633). His mother Gertrude de Jode came from a family of artists: her father was the cartographer Gerard de Jode and her brother was the engraver Peter de Jode", "id": "2957457" }, { "contents": "Jan van Balen\n\n\nGaspard, Theodoor van Thulden, Jan de Labare and Erasmus Quellinus the Younger on the execution of designs for the gallery on the Meir and the triumphal arch at St. John's Church in Antwerp. The overall design of the decorations was under the direction of Rubens. [[File:Jan Brueghel II, Jan van Balen - The Feast of Bacchus (Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus).jpg|thumb|\"The Feast of Bacchus\", with [[Jan Brueghel the Younger]] Jan van Balen left on 8 September 1639 with his brother Gaspard on", "id": "19729208" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nfor the Council Chamber, is repeated in a painting by Erasmus. This development towards classicist rigidity may reflect the influence of French art with its preference for classicism. Erasmus’ work also gained a theatrical aspect as reflected in the 1652 painting \"Artemisia\" (Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, University of Glasgow). The painting has a theatrical background like a park. This tendency became more evident in the 1660s when his paintings started to include grandiose scenery with flamboyant architecture. This is clear in the \"Let the Children Come", "id": "11150854" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nin particular the marble decorations he and his workshop produced, became an example for other buildings in Amsterdam. The team of sculptors that Artus supervised during his work on the Amsterdam city hall included many sculptors who would become leading sculptors in their own right such as his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Rombout Verhulst, Bartholomeus Eggers and Gabriël Grupello and probably also Grinling Gibbons. He returned to work in Antwerp in 1658 and remained active mainly in this city until his death. His many pupils included his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Martin Deurweerders", "id": "8459223" }, { "contents": "David Teniers III\n\n\nDavid Teniers III, also referred to as David Teniers junior (baptized 10 July 1638 – 2 October 1685) was a Flemish painter and tapestry designer who was mainly active in Antwerp, Madrid and Brussels. He is known for his portraits, religious compositions and genre scenes. David Teniers III was born in Antwerp where he was baptized on July 10 in the St. James' Church. He was a scion of two very prominent artist families from Antwerp: his father was the painter David Teniers the Younger and his mother was Anna", "id": "17442937" }, { "contents": "Gerard Douffet\n\n\nGerard Douffet (6 aug 1594 – 1660/1661), also known as Doufeet or Duffeit, was a Flemish painter. He was born at Liège in 1594, and studied for some time at Antwerp in the school of Rubens, and afterwards in Italy. He composed and designed with good taste, and his historical pictures are much esteemed. 'Pope Nicholas V. at the Tomb of St. Francis of Assisi ' (painted in 1627), 'St. Helena and the true Cross' (painted for the Abbey of St. Lawrence,", "id": "6883668" }, { "contents": "Jan van Buken\n\n\nJan van Buken or Jan van Beucken (10 March 1635 – 6 February 1690) was a Flemish painter mainly known for his genre paintings and still lifes. Jan van Buken was born in Antwerp. He became a master in the Guild of Saint Luke in 1658 where he was registered under the name 'Jan van Beucken'. In the period from 1666 to 1682 he worked in Rome while regularly travelling back to Antwerp. He returned to live in Antwerp after the death of his parents. Jan Baptist Beveren was registered as", "id": "15324731" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ntheir work in this period. His \"Adoration of the Holy Sacrament\" (1646) was painted in this style. From c. 1650 this classicism in his work became rigid and his compositions from this period made use of a limited number of stereotyped and idealized figure types. This stylistic development is evident in the interior decorations he made for the new City Hall of Amsterdam, which he executed in collaboration with his brother Artus. The brothers achieved stylistic agreement in this commission: the \"Judgement of Solomon\", which Artus sculpted", "id": "11150853" }, { "contents": "Nikolaus van Hoy\n\n\nhe would have met in Rome and had later joined him in Brussels. At about 1667 he became the court painter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria. He retained this post until his death in Vienna in 1679. He was succeeded at the court by his son Nickolaus van Hoey the Younger (Antwerp 1660- Vienna ca. 1710). He made landscapes and portraits. He engraved religious scenes and mythological figures adapted from originals of Veronese, Barocci and Raphael. He was one of the", "id": "16812974" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\ngenres including cattle market scenes, Italianate landscapes and village scenes. He is probably best known for his depiction of festivals and processions set in his native Antwerp. His village scenes are reminiscent of the genre scenes of David Teniers the Younger. He also took his inspiration from other Flemish artists. For instance, his composition \"\" likely drew its inspiration from similar paintings representing processions in cities by Flemish artists such as Pieter van Aelst and Erasmus de Bie. He painted many scenes of cattle markets, which offered him the opportunity to", "id": "3658943" }, { "contents": "Jan van den Hecke\n\n\nKunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Archduke Leopold Wilhem must have particularly liked his flower pieces as all of van den Hecke's paintings which he collected were pictures of flowers in vases and baskets and garland paintings. Van Hecke returned to Antwerp around 1657. In 1660 he married Maria Adriana Heyens with whom he had three children. His son, known as Jan van den Hecke II, was born in 1661 and became a popular painter of flowers as well as other types of still life. His two known pupils were Peeter vander Elstraeten (", "id": "14931009" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nLeo van Heil (Brussels, 1605 – c.1664), was a Flemish architect, painter and miniature painter mainly of flowers and insects. He is chiefly remembered for his designs of the Brigittines chapel and the tower of the Saint Nicholas Church, both in Brussels. Leo van Heil was born in Brussels. He had two brothers who were also artists: Jan Baptist van Heil was a portrait painter and Daniel van Heil was a landscape painter specialising in winter scenes or burning fires. When in 1648 Erasmus Quellinus was given the general", "id": "8052850" }, { "contents": "Jan Verhas\n\n\ngovernment awarded him a special subsidy of 1,200 francs and commissioned from him a composition depicting the Battle of Kallo. In 1862 he travelled via Paris and Lyon to Italy, where he made stops in Turin, Milan and Venice. He remained in Venice for two to three months, studying and copying the masters. Lack of funds forced him to leave Italy. He travelled back via Paris where his brother Frans was working at the time. Jan assisted his brother in the execution of several decorative projects. Afterwards he resided in Antwerp", "id": "9399028" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\nPeeter the Elder and Joris became painters. Alexander trained under his father. He became a master in the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1685. On 11 August 1685, he married Cornelia Sporckmans, daughter of the Antwerp history painter Hubert Sporckmans. They had three daughters and six sons of whom Jan Frans became a painter. Alexander van Bredael died in Antwerp. His pupils include his son Jan Frans, Peeter Busschop, Johan Baptist Govaerts, Guielmus van Ryn and Pieter Snyers. Alexander van Bredael painted in a wide variety of", "id": "3658942" }, { "contents": "Filippo Zaniberti\n\n\nFilippo Zaniberti (1585–1636) was an Italian painter of the late Mannerist period. He was born in Brescia and active in Venice, where he became a pupil of Santo Peranda. Zaniberti's style recalls the richness of Paolo Veronese. He painted a \"Mannah in the desert\" for the main altarpiece of the church of Santa Maria Nuova of Venice. He worked alongside the fellow Peranda disciple, Matteo Ponzone, in the decoration of the Ducal palace of Mirandola. He painted a \"Marriage of St Catherine\" for the church", "id": "19300082" }, { "contents": "St. Paul's Church, Antwerp\n\n\ntwisted marble columns. The painting \"Adoration of the shepherds\" by Rubens forms the altar piece. The Maria Chapel also contains a white marble sculpture of \"Our Lady of Sorrows\" by Jan Pieter van Baurscheit de Elder. The church holds elaborate tomb monuments attributed to Johannes van Mildert, Pieter Verbrugghen II and Andries Colyns de Nole. The 17th century organ is regarded as one of the most important organs of Belgium. The monumental organ case was sculpted by Pieter Verbrugghen I after a design by Erasmus Quellinus II. In 1623", "id": "10432986" }, { "contents": "David Teniers the Elder\n\n\nDavid Teniers the Elder (158229 July 1649), Flemish painter, was born at Antwerp. Having received his first training in the painter's art from his brother Juliaen, he studied under Rubens in Antwerp, and subsequently under Elsheimer in Rome; he became a member of the Antwerp guild of painters in 1606. Though his ambition led him at times to try his skill in large religious, historical and mythological compositions, his claim to fame depends chiefly on his landscapes and paintings of peasants carousing, of kermesse scenes and the", "id": "12948361" } ]

[ { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke as a 'wijnmeester', i.e. the son of a member of the Guild. The next year he married Cornelia Teniers, the daughter of painter David Teniers the Younger. Jan Erasmus Quellinus received many commissions including a large commission for paintings destined for Antwerp’s Saint Michael's Abbey. Around 1680 Quellinus worked in Vienna for the Habsburg court as a court painter to Emperor Leopold I. Among other works, the most important commission he completed was a series of 15 ceiling paintings on events in the life", "id": "7354727" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nJan-Erasmus Quellinus or Jan Erasmus Quellinus (1634 in Antwerp – 11 March 1715 in Mechelen) was a Flemish painter and draughtsman and a member of the famous Quellinus family of artists. He was one of the last prominent representatives of the great Flemish school of history and portrait painting in the 17th century. His work displays the classicizing influences of his father Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and Paolo Veronese. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his grandfather Erasmus Quellinus", "id": "7354724" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nwritten as \" Sederboom\"), which means 'cedar tree'. He is also reported to have used another nickname: 'Corpus'. Quellinus later moved to Venice where he resided from circa 1660 to 1661. Here he was influenced by the style of Veronese as is shown by his drawings from that time. During his stay in Northern Italy he was also introduced to the architecture of Palladio, which informed some of the decorative motifs he used in his later compositions. Upon his return to Antwerp in 1661 he joined", "id": "7354726" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof his father’s Classicism. As a result art historians have difficulty attributing some works to either artist. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus developed further on the Classicism of his father linking it with the influence of Paolo Veronese from whom he borrowed grandeur and various dynamic details. Unlike his father he liked to incorporate in his paintings grand architectural elements which were derived from the Palladian buildings he had seen in Northern Italy. As was common practice at the time, he collaborated with specialist painters in Antwerp such as the still life painter Jan Fyt", "id": "7354730" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Elder, his father Erasmus the Younger, and his uncles Artus Quellinus the Elder and Hubertus Quellinus. He was trained by his father from 1649. Jan-Erasmus travelled to Italy where he initially resided in Rome from 1657 to 1659. He became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Jan-Erasmus was given the bent name \"Seederboom\" (also", "id": "7354725" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\none of the leading artistic families in Antwerp, producing sculptors, painters and printmakers who would develop careers in Flanders and abroad. Father Erasmus Quellinus I, a sculptor, had moved from Sint-Truiden to Antwerp. The brothers of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger were both artists: Artus (1609-1668) was a leading Baroque sculptor and Hubertus (1619-1687) an engraver. Erasmus Quellinus II became a student of Jan-Baptist Verhaeghe, an obscure artist, in 1633. He became a master of the Antwerp Guild", "id": "11150843" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Me\" of 1664 (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels). These later compositions possible reflect an influence by the early work of his son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. As was common in Antwerp at the time, Quellinus collaborated with other painters. He worked with still life specialists on still lifes and portraits. Many of the still lifes fall into the category of ‘garland paintings’. Garland paintings are a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder.", "id": "11150855" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus the Younger and Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) was a Flemish painter, engraver, draughtsman and tapestry designer who worked in various genres including history, portrait, battle and animal paintings. He was a pupil of Peter Paul Rubens and was one of the closest collaborators of Rubens in the 1630s. Following Rubens’ death in 1640 he became one of the most prolific and successful painters in Flanders. Erasmus Quellinus II was born in Antwerp as the son of Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden. The Quellinus family became", "id": "11150842" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus I or Erasmus Quellinus the Elder (alternate names: Erasmus Quellinck, Erasme Quellin (I)) (Sint-Truiden, 1584 - Antwerp, 22 January 1640) was a Flemish sculptor best known for classically inspired ornamentation work and copies after the antique. He was the founder of an important Antwerp dynasty of artists. Details of his early life and training have not survived. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1606. He married Betje van Uden, the sister of the painter Lucas van", "id": "7355031" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nHis brothers became prominent artists: Erasmus was a painter and Hubertus was an engraver and painter. His sister Cornelia married his father’s pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. Artus Quellinus received his first training from his father. In the period from 1635 to 1639 he trained in Rome in the studio of his compatriot François Duquesnoy. He spent time in Lyon together with the Flemish painter Laureys Franck and was in contact there with the Dutch engraver Nicolaas van Helt Stockade and the Dutch painter Jan Asselijn. He returned to Antwerp", "id": "8459221" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\n, Joseph van den Kerckhoven, Davit van den Heuvel, Francis Cools, Allowisius de Meyere, Jan-Baptist Hyacint Breydel, Gaspar (or Jasper) de Cantelbeeck (1685-86), Jan François Blondeau and Jacobus Blondeau (1697-98). From 1712 the artist resided and worked in Mechelen where he died on 11 March 1715. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was principally a history painter who also painted the occasional portrait. He had an extensive output supported by a large workshop. His style is closely related to that", "id": "7354729" }, { "contents": "Anthoni Schoonjans\n\n\nMarch 1655. He became in the Guild year 1668-1669 in Antwerp an apprentice of Erasmus Quellinus II and that master's son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. From 1674 to 1677 the artist resided in Reims and he also spent some time in Paris. In 1674 his mother met up with her son Anthoni in Reims. He left France and from 6 January 1675 he resided in Rome, where he familiarised himself with the Italian Baroque. He shared in Rome a residence with the flower painter Carel de Vogelaer in Via Margutta.", "id": "9299848" }, { "contents": "Nicolaes van Verendael\n\n\nteacher of someone referred to as 'priest Cano' and the flower painter Jean Baptiste Morel. Van Verendael mainly painted flower pieces, vanitas still lifes and a few allegorical scenes with monkeys. His dated works are from the period between 1659 and 1690. He was highly regarded from an early age when he started working with some of the leading Antwerp painters such as David Teniers the Younger, Gonzales Coques, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Boeckhorst, Carstian Luyckx and Jan Davidsz. de Heem. His early work shows the influence of", "id": "18460769" }, { "contents": "Theodoor Boeyermans\n\n\n' dated works are dated between 1660 and 1677. He was mainly a painter of history and allegorical paintings. The artist received many important commissions for churches in his native Antwerp, the Kempen region and in Malines, but made his name in his hometown by painting secular compositions. He also painted group portraits. Together with Jan-Erasmus Quellinus, Boeyermans was one of the last important 17th-century Flemish history painters. His style was influenced by Rubens and van Dyck but he favoured a darker palette than those two artists.", "id": "6673291" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin 1662. On 9 November 1663, Erasmus Quellinus II married Françoise de Fren. De Fren was the daughter of the well-off André de Fren, secretary of the Council of Brabant, and the sister of Isabella de Fren, who was married to the court painter David Teniers II. In 1665 Quellinus designed a cenotaph for the deceased Philip IV of Spain and the decorations for the Joyous Entry of Don Francisco de Moura as governor of the Habsburg Netherlands. Erasmus Quellinus II died in Antwerp on 7 November 1678. His", "id": "11150849" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Antwerp from Rome around 1640. Artus worked in a classicizing style of Baroque under the influence of his compatriot, the sculptor François Duquesnoy, in whose workshop in Rome he had worked. This style had in turn been influenced by the Classicism of Annibale Carracci. The two brothers would from then on work together on various projects and mutually influence each other. After Rubens’ death in 1640 Erasmus Quellinus became one of the leading history painters of Flanders. He received many commissions for altarpieces in the region. In 1648 he was", "id": "11150847" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ncommissioned to make the decorations for the Joyous Entry of the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm into Antwerp, thus playing the same role as Rubens 13 years earlier for the Joyous Entry of Ferdinand. He made the decorations for the announcement of the Treaty of Westphalia in the same year. Around 1656 Erasmus worked in Amsterdam where his brother Artus was responsible for the decoration of the new City Hall. Erasmus assisted in this project and the brothers also collaborated on other commissions. Erasmus painted altarpieces for clandestine Catholic churches in Amsterdam. His first wife died", "id": "11150848" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\npupils included his son Jan Erasmus Quellinus, Guilliam Forchondt (II), Julius de Geest, Willem de Ryck, Anthoni Schoonjans, Wallerant Vaillant and Remacle Serin. Erasmus Quellinus II was a very versatile artist who worked in various genres. He received numerous commissions for altarpieces depicting Counter-Reformation themes for churches and monasteries throughout the Southern Netherlands. He also received many civic commissions which allowed him to show his learning in the depiction of scenes from ancient history and mythology and allegorical compositions. In addition, he produced portraits, battle", "id": "11150850" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof Saint Luke in 1633-1634. In the 1630s, the artist worked and likely studied in the workshop of Rubens and regularly collaborated on projects with Rubens. In 1634 Erasmus II married Catharina de Hemelaer, a niece of Jan de Hemelaer, the deacon of Antwerp Cathedral. Their son Jan Erasmus followed in his father’s footsteps and became a painter. From the notes made by his son Jan Erasmus in the margin of his copy of Cornelis de Bie’s book of artist biographies entitled Het Gulden Cabinet, it is known", "id": "11150844" }, { "contents": "Jan van Kessel the Elder\n\n\na figure painter was responsible for the figure or other image in the cartouche. His collaborators on garland paintings are believed to have included his uncle David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus the Elder, Hendrick van Balen the Elder, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly Jan Boeckhorst. An example of a collaborative garland painting made by Jan van Kessel and David Teniers the Younger is the composition (c. 1660-1670, Louvre). In this work Jan van Kessel painted a decorative garland representing the four elements around a cartouche showing a young", "id": "16247184" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin the Hermitage Museum, a collaboration with Frans Ykens. Quellinus further collaborated with the animal and still life painter Jan Fyt on portraits such as the \"Portrait of a young boy\" (Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp) of c. 1650. Quellinus also collaborated with animal painters Peter Boel and genre painter Jan van Kessel the Elder. Erasmus Quellinus II executed various tapestry designs. In 1649 he produced the designs for a tapestry series depicting the \"History of the Thurn and Taxis Family\" (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of", "id": "11150857" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nHe was a member of the well-known Quellinus family of artists from 17th century Antwerp, major center of artistic life then known as \"the Florence of the North\". Thomas Quellinus was born in Antwerp to the leading Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus II and Anna Maria Gabron, and was baptised on 17 March 1661. He trained in his father’s workshop in the art of sculpture. After completing his apprenticeship with his father, he went to London, England, where he worked with his brother Artus Quellinus III. While", "id": "11778979" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nArtus Quellinus also known as Artus (Arnoldus) Quellijn, Artus Quellinus I or Artus Quellinus the Elder (20 or 30 August 1609, Antwerp  – 23 August 1668, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor. He is regarded as the most important representative of the Baroque in sculpture in the Southern Netherlands. His work had a major influence on the development of sculpture in Northern Europe. Artus Quellinus the Elder was born into an artistic family. He was the son of the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden.", "id": "8459220" }, { "contents": "Jan Pieter Brueghel\n\n\nJan Pieter Brueghel or Jan Pieter Breughel (29 August 1628 (baptised) – 1664) was a Flemish Baroque painter specialised in flower still lifes. Brueghel was born in Antwerp. He was the son of Jan Brueghel the Younger and Anna-Maria Janssens. He joined the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645 as \"wijnmeester\". He died in Italy, after 1664, and is known for flower still lifes. He created many garland paintings on which he collaborated with other painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II who painted the", "id": "10461841" }, { "contents": "Pieter Boel\n\n\nBoel got to know the work of the Genoese artist Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione and the still life painter Giuseppe Recco. He learned from these Italian masters to heighten the dramatic effect of his canvases by emphasizing the shadows. He also used red drapes in the background, a Baroque element par excellence, to enhance the atmosphere of his compositions. Boel is known to have collaborated with fellow Antwerp artists Erasmus Quellinus II and Jacob Jordaens, who painted the human figures in his compositions. Boel was accomplished in large-scale vanitas paintings depicting an", "id": "20560716" }, { "contents": "Pieter Bruegel the Elder\n\n\n(grandson of Jan Bruegel the Elder) and Jan van Kessel the Younger. Through David Teniers, the family is also related to the whole Teniers family of painters and the Quellinus family of painters and sculptors, since Jan-Erasmus Quellinus married Cornelia, daughter of David Teniers the Younger. Bruegel's art was long more highly valued by collectors than critics. His friend Abraham Ortelius described him in a friendship album in 1574 as \"the most perfect painter of his century\", but both Vasari and Van Mander see him as", "id": "17084192" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nflowers. The subject of vanitas as depicted here was unusual for van Utrecht and shows that his role in the development of new types of still life has not been sufficiently recognized in art-historical literature. As was common in Antwerp’s art sector at the time, van Utrecht collaborated with other specialist artists, typically figure painters. He is known to have provided the still life elements in paintings by Jacob Jordaens, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Cossiers, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. He is believed to have also collaborated with David Teniers", "id": "18461245" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nHubertus Quellinus or Hubert Quellinus (August 15, 1619, Antwerp – 1687) was a Flemish printmaker, draughtsman and painter and a member of the prominent Quellinus family of artists. His engravings after the work of his brother, the Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder, were instrumental in the spread of the Flemish Baroque idiom in Europe in the second half of the 17th century. Hubertus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his father Erasmus Quellinus the Elder and his brothers,", "id": "8520392" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus III\n\n\nArtus Quellinus III (1653, Antwerp – December 1686, London) was a Flemish sculptor active in London. His name is often anglicised to Arnold Quellan, Arnold Quellin or Arnold Quellinus or mistakenly given as \"Jan Quellinus\". He was the son of Artus Quellinus II and brother to the sculptor Thomas Quellinus and the painter Cornelis Quellinus He trained in his father's workshop in Antwerp before moving to London in 1682. He was married to Frances Siberechts, youngest daughter of the Antwerp-born painter Jan Siberechts, who had", "id": "13748725" }, { "contents": "Flemish Baroque painting\n\n\npainters combined a local influence from Rubens with knowledge of classicism and Italian Baroque qualities. Artists in the vein include Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Jan van den Hoecke, Pieter van Lint, Cornelis Schut, and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Later in the century, many painters turned to Anthony van Dyck as a major influence. Among them were Pieter Thijs, Lucas Franchoys the Younger, and artists who were also inspired by Late Baroque theatricality such as Theodoor Boeyermans and Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. Additionally, a Flemish variant of \"Caravaggism\"", "id": "6030293" }, { "contents": "Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen\n\n\nthe principal representatives of Flemish high baroque sculpture. The father had been a pupil of Erasmus Quellinus I, who was himself the founder of a prominent family of artists. The father married the daughter of his master Erasmus Quellinus. From this marriage Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was born. His brother Pieter Verbrugghen II was also a sculptor and worked in the workshop of his father. Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was trained by his father. Nonetheless, he did not start his career as a sculptor but as a draughtsman working with the illuminator Jan Ruyselinck", "id": "10070115" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nand Londerzeel. Many of his paintings can be regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. He often worked from prints made after the works of these masters to create his own compositions. An example is the (Prado Museum), which is based on a print after Rafael", "id": "11181884" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Rubens pupil Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and the prominent sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. In 1650 he traveled to Rome where he joined the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Hubertus was given the bent name \"Saracin\". Quellinus was in Amsterdam by 1660 where he collaborated on a publication, which consisted of two parts: the first part consisted of 30 plates depicting the Amsterdam", "id": "8520393" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\ncompleted the frontal decoration of the organ in the Antwerp cathedral, based on a design made by Erasmus Quellinus II. He and his workshop made the oak confessionals in the St. Paul's Church in Antwerp (between 1658 and 1660). He made the oak organ case in that church in collaboration with Artus Quellinus the Elder in 1654, and together with his son Pieter Verbrugghen II he executed the designs for the high altar in 1670. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known creations. The", "id": "11276653" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nArtus Quellinus II or Artus Quellinus the Younger (alternative first name: Arnold; variation on family name: Quellijn, Quellyn, Quellien, Quellin, Quellinius) (between 10 and 20 November 1625, Sint-Truiden – 22 November 1700, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor who played an important role in the evolution of Northern-European sculpture from High Baroque to Late Baroque. Artus Quellinus II was born into an artistic family. His uncle was the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I, whose son was Artus Quellinus I,", "id": "13073282" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Some of these works are now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. He returned to Antwerp where between the years 1685 and 1712 he worked on many commissions for churches in Antwerp and throughout Flanders. He also had many pupils including Anthoni Schoonjans, Simon de Marets, Jan Carel van Eyck, Guiliam Draeger (1668-69), Christoffel Franciscus Ponsel, Jacobus de Play (1669-1670), Peeter Heymans, Franciscus Carnonckel, Franciscus Cuylen, Hieronymus Galle (1673-74)", "id": "7354728" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nthat Erasmus II obtained a degree in philosophy. This explains the fact that he wrote a philosophical tract entitled \"Philosophia\", which was recorded in the 1679 inventory of his estate. Quellinus became a regular collaborator with Rubens from 1635. He first worked on the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the new governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand. Rubens was in overall charge of this project. Quellinus made decorative paintings after designs by Rubens of which six have survived. In the period 1636-1638 Rubens", "id": "11150845" }, { "contents": "Joannes Chrysostomus Teniers\n\n\n. As abbot he took the motto \"Tene Quod Bene\" (\"Hold on to what is good\", 1 Thessalonians 5, verse 21). Teniers died in Antwerp on 30 November 1709. His portrait painted by Jan-Erasmus Quellinus is inside Tongerlo Abbey. Teniers had some reputation as a preacher and a manuscript of his sermons for feastdays was preserved in the monastery library, as well as two volumes of his notes on the works of St Augustine. One of Teniers' poems was published in the preliminary matter", "id": "1158593" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nThese paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Erasmus Quellinus II collaborated on garland paintings with still life specialists, such as his brother-in-law Jan Philip van Thielen, Daniel Seghers, Jan Pieter Brueghel, Frans Ykens, Peter Willebeeck and Jan Anton van der Baren. These collaborators painted the flower garland while Quellinus painted the figures and architectural setting. An example is the \"Holy Family in a Wreath of Flowers\"", "id": "11150856" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\n’ workshop received a large commission to make mythological decorations for the hunting pavilion Torre de la Parada of the Spanish king Philip IV near Madrid. For this project Quellinus painted decorations after oil sketches by Rubens some of which have been preserved (Prado Museum). In early 1637 Quellinus drew frontispieces for the Antwerp printing house Plantin Press according to Rubens’ instructions regarding iconography and layout. These drawings were in Quellinus’ own style as Rubens let him a free hand in the design of the modelli. His brother Artus Quellinus I returned", "id": "11150846" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nwith living people and animals. Van Utrecht also painted a number of flower still lifes. He was a regular collaborator with leading Antwerp painters who had been pupils or assistants of Peter Paul Rubens, such as Jacob Jordaens, David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus II, Gerard Seghers, Theodoor Rombouts, Abraham van Diepenbeeck and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Adriaen van Utrecht was born in Antwerp as the son of Abel van Utrecht en Anne Huybrecht. In 1614 he became a pupil of Herman de Neyt, a painter and art dealer who", "id": "18461230" }, { "contents": "Baroque sculpture\n\n\nof a family of famous sculptors and painters, and son of another sculptor, Erasmus Quellinus. He settled in Antwerp in 1639. He became close to Rubens, and his work applied many of the principles of the compositions of Rubens to sculpture. Another important Belgian Baroque sculptor was Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen (1654–1724), who carved very elaborate sculptures, full of biblical scenes, flora and fauna,allegories and symbols for the ceremonial puppets the cathedrals and churches in Brussels, Louvain, Antwerp, Mechelen, and other cities. Early", "id": "16040697" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nwas back in Antwerp in 1657 and became an Antwerp burgher on 11 May 1663. His wife died on 15 October 1668 and the next year Artus remarried to Cornelia Volders. In the latter part of his life Quellinus received many commissions, primarily for church furnishings and tomb sculptures. His pupils include Alexander van Papenhoven, Thomas Quellinus, Jan van den Steen, (1633–1723), the Master of the St. Luke in Antwerp, Cornelis van Scheyck (1679–1680); Balten Rubbens (1685–1686); Adriaen Govaerts (1690–91) and", "id": "13073285" }, { "contents": "Peter Ykens\n\n\ntrained 28 pupils including Karel Breydel, Erasmus Causse, Gaspaer Janssens, Jan Thomas van Kessel, Henderick van Mael, Francis Scalie, Jan Baptist Kretsaert and Jacob Leyssens. His eldest son Jan Frans became a staffage painter who collaborated with still life painters of flowers and fruit. He died in Antwerp. He painted portraits and Christian religious representations and made a large number of altarpieces and paintings for local churches and palaces. As was the custom in Antwerp at the time, he often worked together with other painters who were specialists in", "id": "8049116" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\n. The couple had six children of whom three became artists: Artus Quellinus III and Thomas Quellinus were both successful sculptors whereas Cornelis Quellinus became a painter about whom little is known. The young Artus joined his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Amsterdam around 1653 where he became one of the members of the team of artists that worked under the direction of Artus I on the decoration of the newly built City Hall on the Dam Square. The artist traveled to Italy and probably visited Turin, Florence and Rome between 1655 and 1657. He", "id": "13073284" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nUden. The couple had three sons: Erasmus, who would become a painter and engraver, Artus, who would follow in his father’s footsteps and become a sculptor, and Hubertus, who became an engraver and painter. His daughter Cornelia Quellinus married his pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. He was the teacher of Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder, Melchior Charles, Wallerant Vaillant, Joos Sterck (1607); Rombout Claes (1609), Melchior van der Lanen (1612), Hans Franscoys (1614),", "id": "7355032" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nfurther inspired by the cult of veneration and devotion to Mary prevalent at the Habsburg court (then the rulers over the Southern Netherlands) and in Antwerp generally. Garland paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image, portrait or other religious symbol (such as the host). The paintings are usually a collaboration between a flower painter and a staffage painter. Van Thielen produced multiple garland paintings in collaboration with other artists. His collaborators included his brother-in-law Erasmus Quellinus II, Nicolas de Largilliere, Jan van", "id": "12866287" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nhe was the brother-in-law of Erasmus Quellinus II. Erasmus Quelllinus was married to the sister of his wife and would become one of the leading history painters in Flanders after the deaths of Rubens and van Dyck. Quellinus drew van Thielens’ portrait that was engraved by Richard Collin for Cornelis de Bie's book of artist biographies Het Gulden Cabinet. Van Thielen and his wife had 9 children. Because he liked flower painting he changed masters in 1641 and began training with Daniel Seghers, the leading flower painter in Flanders", "id": "12866282" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nbe regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. Typical examples of his work are the painting \"A Poor Company at Table in a Rustic Kitchen\" held by the National Trust at Tyntesfield and oil on copper religious paintings, such as \"Daniel in the Lion's Den\"", "id": "11181882" }, { "contents": "Mattheus Borrekens\n\n\nAntwerp on 25 December 1670. Mattheus Borrekens was mainly a reproductive printmaker. He made prints after the work of leading Flemish painters of his time such as Rubens, van Dyck, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Abraham van Diepenbeeck, Jan Thomas van Ieperen, Pieter van Lint and Cornelis Schut. He mainly concentrated on Christian religious subjects and portraits. He also engraved frontispieces of publications such as Christophe Butkens's\"Trophées tant sacrés et profanes du Duché de Brabant\". 1724-1726. For this publication he engraved after a design by van Diepenbeeck", "id": "2345697" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nmaster’s daughter, Cornelia Quellinus. Through his marriage he became the brother in law of the leading Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1641 and in 1659 he became the deacon of the Guild. His first wife died in 1662, and he remarried in 1665, to Elisabeth Lemmens. He was the father of the sculptors Pieter Verbrugghen II and Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen. His daughter Suzanna married the sculptor Peeter Meesens. His pupils included some of the leading representatives of the", "id": "11276651" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nhave made individual statues, none of which have survived. In 1635 he was awarded the contract to make the pulpit of the St. Elisabeth Hospital in Antwerp. This work is an example of early Baroque in Antwerp and shows Erasmus’ mastery of balance and symmetry, even though there is no sense of realism. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known commissions. He made the original design for the pulpit, which, after his death, was somewhat changed by his son Artus while Pieter Verbrugghen", "id": "7355034" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Barbé\n\n\nNicolaas Lauwers for infringement of privileges relating to prints he had created, he received the support of Rubens. Barbé married Christien (or Christina) Wierix, the daughter of the prominent engraver and publisher Hieronymus Wierix on 30 March 1620. According to the contemporary notes of the painter Erasmus Quellinus II, Barbé was a very ugly person, while his daughter, who was a gifted engraver, was counted among 'the most beautiful women of Antwerp'. Hieronymus Wierix , the father of his wife, had died in 1619 before the", "id": "20064889" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nthe most successful Flemish Baroque sculptor of the mid 17th century. Artus II is likely to have received his training as a sculptor from his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Antwerp to where he must have moved from his native city of Sint-Truiden (then in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, now in the Belgian province of Limburg). Artus Quellinus II became a master of the Guild of Saint Luke in Antwerp in 1650–51. Artus Quellinus II married Anna Maria Gabron, the sister of the painter Willem Gabron, in 1653", "id": "13073283" }, { "contents": "Daniel Seghers\n\n\n, the collaborators are not always known with certainty. It is known he often worked with Cornelis Schut, Erasmus Quellinus II, Abraham van Diepenbeek, Simon de Vos, Jan van den Hoecke, Gonzales Coques and Rubens. Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert is also mentioned as his collaborator. It is possible that Seghers collaborated with Rubens on a garland painting for the Saint Carolus Borromeus church in Antwerp. During his stay in Rome he also collaborated with Poussin and Domenichino. Unlike in his later collaborations, Seghers is believed to have added flower garlands", "id": "7240113" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nErasmus de Bie (1629 in Antwerp – 1675 in Antwerp) was a Flemish Baroque painter known for his city views and genre scenes. He depicted several lively scenes of large public celebrations in his hometown of Antwerp. It is not clear whether the views of Italianate cities and landscapes attributed to him are the work of Adriaen de Bie, a Flemish painter from Lier who worked in Italy for a while. Very little is known about the life of Erasmus de Bie. He was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter", "id": "4566739" }, { "contents": "Willem Gabron\n\n\n. He was first registered in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke as a ‘wijnmeester’ (i.e. son of a master of the Guild) in the guild year 1640-41, along with his younger brother Antoon. His sister Anna Maria married the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Younger. Gabron travelled to Rome, at the latest by 1646. Here he became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the", "id": "12740318" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nBaroque painter, and the engraving of the frontispiece was made by Jacob Neefs (Antwerp, June 3, 1610 – 1660), also after a design by Erasmus Quellinus the Younger. Christoffel Plantin (1520–1589), grandfather of Balthasar Moretus, set up his printing shop called 'De Gulden Passer' (Golden Compasses) in Antwerp in 1555, publishing both Catholic and Protestant literature. This Frenchman, who fled his native country to Antwerp to escape the persecution during the 1540s, was the best-known printer of his time", "id": "2235324" }, { "contents": "Jan Anton van der Baren\n\n\nare a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder. These paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Van der Baren collaborated on garland paintings with other painters, such as Erasmus Quellinus II and the Flemish émigré painter Nikolaus van Hoy. These collaborators painted the devotional image while van der Baren painted the flower garland. An example is the \"Garland of flowers surrounding the Holy Family", "id": "16752890" }, { "contents": "Jacob de Formentrou\n\n\nthe conclusion that the painting is not a collaboration between all the artists whose works are represented in the painting but rather represents the combined effort of de Formentrou and Erasmus Quellinus II, a leading Antwerp painter. F. G. Meijer on the other hand believes that the composition is a collaboration between all of the artists whose work are depicted. He attributes the composition and the various pictures depicted in it as follows: The painting can be read as a reference to connoisseurship, and in particular the connoisseur's activity of evaluating the authorship of", "id": "8771731" }, { "contents": "Nicolaas van Eyck\n\n\nstarted to study in 1632. He was a captain of a local schutterij and this may be a reason why he painted military scenes. He was friends with the flower painter Jan Philip van Thielen, who had also been a pupil of Rombouts. Van Eyck was godfather to at least one of van Thielen's nine children. He was the teacher of Pieter Hofman. His sons Nicolaas II and Jan Carel van Eyck became painters. Jan Carel was a student of Jan Erasmus Quellinus and spent time in Italy. Nicolaas van Eyck", "id": "8735899" }, { "contents": "Philips Augustijn Immenraet\n\n\nwould paint the landscape while the other specialist painters would take care of other aspects of the painting such as staffage, architecture, animals or still life elements. A collaboration with Erasmus Quellinus II is reported by the Dutch biographer Arnold Houbraken. The Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium holds the 1672 painting \"The Legend of William Tell shown to the Antwerp Guild of St Sebastian\", which is a collaboration between Immenraet, Wilhelm Schubert van Ehrenberg (who painted the architecture) and Karel-Emmanuel Biset. He also worked with", "id": "10869502" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nUniversity – the same city where Jan Baptist Zangrius was also active. Here Lobkowitz published a major work titled \"Theologia Moralis ad prima, eaque clarissima principia reducta\" printed by Perus Zangrius (Lovanii, typis ac sumptibus Petrus Zangrius, 1645). His book titled \"Philippus Prudens\" containing some hatched arms was published in 1639 by Balthasar Moretus in Antwerp. The coats of arms were engraved by Cornelius Galle the Younger, after the drawings of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger (Antwerp, 1607 - Antwerp, 1678), a Flemish", "id": "2235323" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nFrans de Bie the Elder. He was baptised on 20 December 1629 in the St. Walburga church in Antwerp. He became a pupil of David Ryckaert III in 1641 and was admitted as a master in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645-1646. He married Catharina Douglas, called de Schot (the Scot), and was the father of Frans and Jan Baptist de Bie, who both became painters. Jan Baptist emigrated to Vienna where he remained active. Erasmus de Bie had pupils in 1660 and in 1666,", "id": "4566740" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck (III)\n\n\nSnellinck the Younger was a genre and history painter. His great-grandfather was the prominent Flemish painter and art dealer Jan Snellinck the Elder, who was originally from Mechelen and worked most of his career in Antwerp. Jan Snellinck (III)'s grand-uncles Daniel and Gerard were also painters. Very little is known about the life of Jan Snellinck (III). He likely trained with his father. He was active in Rotterdam for his entire career. The death date and place of Jan Snellinck are not known but", "id": "10515381" }, { "contents": "Anton Goubau\n\n\nat the front on the right, which expresses the transience of power and fame. In addition to his cityscapes, Goubau painted many religious compositions, especially designed for churches in Antwerp. He also made a number of religious paintings on copper as part of a series made for the Spanish market to which other Flemish painters such as Willem van Herp, Erasmus Quellinus II, and possibly Abraham Willemsens contributed. The series is now kept in the Convent of las Comendadoras de Santiaga in Madrid. He painted portraits as evidenced by the portrait", "id": "4569148" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof forms achieved through a sculptural use of light. Quellinus’ oldest known work is the 1634 \"Adoration of the Shepherds\" (Alte Pinakothek, Munich), which is in this Caravaggesque mode. From the 1640s, his style took on a classicizing aspect and a sculptured look. Erasmus never travelled to Italy so this stylistic development was likely influenced by the work of his brother Artus, who introduced his own style of classicizing Baroque in Flemish sculpture after returning from Rome in 1640. Both brothers depicted similar idealizing Antique figures in", "id": "11150852" }, { "contents": "Jan Siberechts\n\n\nEngland around 1672 and spent the first three years in England painting decorations in the Duke’s newly built Cliveden House at Taplow, Buckinghamshire, England. From the second part of the 1670s and in the 1680s he travelled widely in England completing numerous commissions for aristocratic clients. He lived in London where one of his daughters was a lace-maker for the Queen. His younger daughter, Frances, married the Flemish émigré sculptor Artus Quellinus III (known in England as 'Arnold Quellinus') and, after being widowed, John", "id": "14682967" }, { "contents": "Jan Fyt\n\n\n, Fyt collaborated regularly with other painters who were specialist in other areas such as figure, landscape or architectural painting. He thus relied on figure painters such as Cornelius Schut, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly on occasion Jacob Jordaens and on figure and architectural painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II. Jan Fyt produced many drawings of animals based usually on studies from nature. The Hermitage holds a large gouache drawing of a \"\". It is rich in colour and carefully executed and was likely intended as a model for tapestry cartoon. Fyt", "id": "1007601" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nartistic direction over the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the newly appointed governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, Leo van Heil worked as Quellinus' architectural assistant. The Archduke became his patron and appointed him as his court architect and commissioned various projects from van Heil, including a stone gate for the Archduke's palace in Brussels. The painter and printmaker Renier Meganck, who later worked as a court painter in Vienna, became a pupil of Leo van Heil in Brussels in 1656. In his time Leo van", "id": "8052851" }, { "contents": "Gerard Seghers\n\n\nGerard Seghers (1591 in Antwerp – 18 March 1651 in Antwerp) was a Flemish painter, art collector and art dealer. After a period of study of study and residence in Rome, he returned to Flanders where he became one of the leading representatives of the Flemish Caravaggisti movement. In his later career he abandoned the Caravaggist style and genre motifs to become an important painter of large altarpieces for local churches. Gerard Seghers was born in Antwerp as the son of innkeeper Jan Seghers and his wife Ida de Neve. He was", "id": "7355415" }, { "contents": "Jacob Leyssens\n\n\nJacob Leyssens or Jacob Lyssens (nickname Notenkraker) (1661, Antwerp - 1710, Antwerp), was a Flemish painter and decorator. After training in Antwerp, he spent a long time in Rome. After his return to Antwerp, he was active as a painter and decorator and collaborated with prominent Antwerp still life painters such as Gaspar Peeter Verbruggen the Younger and Jan Baptist Bosschaert. He was a student of Peter Ykens in 1674. He travelled to Rome at a young age as he is mentioned there in 1680. He", "id": "13757002" }, { "contents": "Francesco Ruschi\n\n\nFrancesco Ruschi was an Italian painter born in Rome around 1610. He studied in Rome under Giuseppe Cesari (Cavalier d'Arpino), Francesco Albani and Pietro da Cortona. His work also shows the influence of Caravaggio. He settled in Venice before 1629. He became a friend of the writer Giovan Francesco Loredan, for whom he drew the cover pages of several works. He moved to Treviso from 1656, and died there in 1661. Ruschi was influenced by the paintings of Paolo Veronese in his academic and decorative interpretations. These include", "id": "14035066" }, { "contents": "St. Peter in Chains Church (Beringen)\n\n\nor Vandereyt) and date from the late 17th century. Jan Rutten from Sint-Truiden completed the stalls after the death of Laurens Vandenreyt. The Baroque high altar contains a painting representing Christ on the cross attributed to the Antwerp painter Erasmus Quellinus II. The side altars are portico altars and contain the Baroque paintings \" Assumption and Coronation of Mary\" and the \"Finding of the Cross\", both by Anton Goubau. The rood screen is neogothic. The organ was manufactured in 1853 by Henri Vermeersch from Duffel and is the", "id": "12887333" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck\n\n\nJan Snellinck or Jan Snellinck (I) (Mechelen, c. 1548 – Antwerp, 1 October 1638) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and designer of tapestries, prints and frescoes. He is known for his large altarpieces and was also recognized as a leading battle painter in his time. Snellinck was active as an art dealer and art collector. Jan Snellinck was born in Mechelen as the son of Daniël Snellinck I, a painter and hawker, and Cornelia Verhulst (alias: Bessemeers). His mother came from a family", "id": "12059012" }, { "contents": "Paul de Vos\n\n\n. De Vos was able to develop his own personal style that accentuated abrupt movement, the gruesome aspects of hunts, used warmer colours and a broader brush stroke than Snyders. He also expanded the iconographic tradition with scenes of fighting cats and horses attacked by wolves. As was common amongst artists in 17th-century Antwerp, De Vos frequently collaborated with other painters. He collaborated with Rubens, Anthony van Dyck (, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg), Erasmus Quellinus II, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert, Adriaen van Utrecht and Jan Wildens", "id": "4556665" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nPieter Verbrugghen I (alternative spellings: \"Pieter Verbruggen I\", \"Peter van der Brugghen I\", \"Pieter van der Brugghen I\", \"Peter Verbrugghen I\", \"Peeter Verbrugghen I\") (1615, Antwerp – 1686, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor from the Baroque. He was apprenticed in 1625 as a 'beeltsnijder' (sculptor) to Simon de Neef, who was an 'antijcsnijder' (ornamental sculptor). Later he worked under Erasmus Quellinus I and in 1641 he married his", "id": "11276650" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nThomas Quellinus (March 1661 – September 1709), also known, especially in Denmark, as Thomas Qvellinus, was a Flemish baroque sculptor. He was born in Antwerp but worked mainly in Copenhagen, Denmark. He is especially known for the production of grandiose and sumptuous memorial chapels, sepulchral monuments and epitaphs, which can be found in churches throughout Denmark and northern Germany’s Schleswig-Holstein area. His chapels and monuments are dramatically composed, executed in rare, differently coloured types of marble and framed by monumental architectural components.", "id": "11778978" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nscenes and designs for tapestries. Like Rubens, Quellinus was a \"pictor doctus\" with a strong grounding in ancient history and philosophy. He had built an extensive library and art collection. This learning is reflected in the subject matter of his work. Even while he was a frequent collaborator with Rubens’ workshop in the 1630s, Quellinus developed a personal style distinctive from that of Rubens. This style is reminiscent of the Antwerp followers of Caravaggio such as Theodoor Rombouts and Gerard Seghers. Characteristics of this style are the strong modeling", "id": "11150851" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Bosschaert\n\n\nJan Baptist Bosschaert or Jan Baptist Bosschaert the Younger (baptized on 17 December 1667 in Antwerp –1746 in Antwerp) was a Flemish still life painter who is principally known for his decorative still lifes with flowers. He collaborated with figure artists on compositions which combined allegorical or mythological scenes with a still life element. He was active in Antwerp. Jan Baptist Bosschaert was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter-baker Jan Baptist and his second wife Joanna de Bie, the sister of the painter Erasmus de Bie. His", "id": "20819606" }, { "contents": "Wallerant Vaillant\n\n\nWallerant Vaillant (30 May 1623 – 28 August 1677) was a painter of the Dutch Golden Age and one of the first artists to use the mezzotint technique, which he probably helped to develop. Wallerant Vaillant was born in Lille, the oldest of five brothers who all became successful painters. It is said Wallerant was a student of Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) in Antwerp. He moved with his parents in 1643 to Amsterdam. In 1647 he lived in Middelburg, but in 1649 he was back in Amsterdam. In", "id": "8302348" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nHans Bernaert (or Beernart) (1615) and Christoffel de la Fontaine (1633–34). His work is not well known since only a few of his works have survived. Erasmus is primarily known as a sculptor who drew inspiration from antiquity. He worked in the late Renaissance style although his later work shows a development towards early Baroque. The bulk of his commissions consisted of the renovation and replacement of church furniture that had been destroyed during the iconoclastic troubles of the 16th century. Besides decorative work, he is known to", "id": "7355033" }, { "contents": "Rombaut Pauwels\n\n\nbrother of François Duquesnoy, and the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus also worked in this workshop in Rome. They and Rombaut Pauwels brought the moderate Baroque style of François Duquesnoy with them when they returned to the Southern Netherlands. After his return to Flanders, Rombaut Pauwels was active mainly in his hometown Mechelen and in Ghent. Rombaut Pauwels’ pupils included the brothers Hendrik and Jan Matthys. Rombaut Pauwels was a capable sculptor who worked in the classicizing Baroque style pioneered by François Duquesnoy but he lacked the virtuoso technique of his contemporaries Artus Quellinus", "id": "9167166" }, { "contents": "Lucas de Wael\n\n\nLucas de Wael (3 March 1591 – 25 October 1661) was a Flemish painter, engraver and merchant. He was born in Antwerp and worked for some time in Genoa in Italy before returning to Antwerp, where he died. Lucas de Wael was born into an artistic family in Antwerp as the son of the painter Jan de Wael I (1558-1633). His mother Gertrude de Jode came from a family of artists: her father was the cartographer Gerard de Jode and her brother was the engraver Peter de Jode", "id": "2957457" }, { "contents": "Jan van Balen\n\n\nGaspard, Theodoor van Thulden, Jan de Labare and Erasmus Quellinus the Younger on the execution of designs for the gallery on the Meir and the triumphal arch at St. John's Church in Antwerp. The overall design of the decorations was under the direction of Rubens. [[File:Jan Brueghel II, Jan van Balen - The Feast of Bacchus (Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus).jpg|thumb|\"The Feast of Bacchus\", with [[Jan Brueghel the Younger]] Jan van Balen left on 8 September 1639 with his brother Gaspard on", "id": "19729208" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nfor the Council Chamber, is repeated in a painting by Erasmus. This development towards classicist rigidity may reflect the influence of French art with its preference for classicism. Erasmus’ work also gained a theatrical aspect as reflected in the 1652 painting \"Artemisia\" (Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, University of Glasgow). The painting has a theatrical background like a park. This tendency became more evident in the 1660s when his paintings started to include grandiose scenery with flamboyant architecture. This is clear in the \"Let the Children Come", "id": "11150854" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nin particular the marble decorations he and his workshop produced, became an example for other buildings in Amsterdam. The team of sculptors that Artus supervised during his work on the Amsterdam city hall included many sculptors who would become leading sculptors in their own right such as his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Rombout Verhulst, Bartholomeus Eggers and Gabriël Grupello and probably also Grinling Gibbons. He returned to work in Antwerp in 1658 and remained active mainly in this city until his death. His many pupils included his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Martin Deurweerders", "id": "8459223" }, { "contents": "David Teniers III\n\n\nDavid Teniers III, also referred to as David Teniers junior (baptized 10 July 1638 – 2 October 1685) was a Flemish painter and tapestry designer who was mainly active in Antwerp, Madrid and Brussels. He is known for his portraits, religious compositions and genre scenes. David Teniers III was born in Antwerp where he was baptized on July 10 in the St. James' Church. He was a scion of two very prominent artist families from Antwerp: his father was the painter David Teniers the Younger and his mother was Anna", "id": "17442937" }, { "contents": "Gerard Douffet\n\n\nGerard Douffet (6 aug 1594 – 1660/1661), also known as Doufeet or Duffeit, was a Flemish painter. He was born at Liège in 1594, and studied for some time at Antwerp in the school of Rubens, and afterwards in Italy. He composed and designed with good taste, and his historical pictures are much esteemed. 'Pope Nicholas V. at the Tomb of St. Francis of Assisi ' (painted in 1627), 'St. Helena and the true Cross' (painted for the Abbey of St. Lawrence,", "id": "6883668" }, { "contents": "Jan van Buken\n\n\nJan van Buken or Jan van Beucken (10 March 1635 – 6 February 1690) was a Flemish painter mainly known for his genre paintings and still lifes. Jan van Buken was born in Antwerp. He became a master in the Guild of Saint Luke in 1658 where he was registered under the name 'Jan van Beucken'. In the period from 1666 to 1682 he worked in Rome while regularly travelling back to Antwerp. He returned to live in Antwerp after the death of his parents. Jan Baptist Beveren was registered as", "id": "15324731" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ntheir work in this period. His \"Adoration of the Holy Sacrament\" (1646) was painted in this style. From c. 1650 this classicism in his work became rigid and his compositions from this period made use of a limited number of stereotyped and idealized figure types. This stylistic development is evident in the interior decorations he made for the new City Hall of Amsterdam, which he executed in collaboration with his brother Artus. The brothers achieved stylistic agreement in this commission: the \"Judgement of Solomon\", which Artus sculpted", "id": "11150853" }, { "contents": "Nikolaus van Hoy\n\n\nhe would have met in Rome and had later joined him in Brussels. At about 1667 he became the court painter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria. He retained this post until his death in Vienna in 1679. He was succeeded at the court by his son Nickolaus van Hoey the Younger (Antwerp 1660- Vienna ca. 1710). He made landscapes and portraits. He engraved religious scenes and mythological figures adapted from originals of Veronese, Barocci and Raphael. He was one of the", "id": "16812974" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\ngenres including cattle market scenes, Italianate landscapes and village scenes. He is probably best known for his depiction of festivals and processions set in his native Antwerp. His village scenes are reminiscent of the genre scenes of David Teniers the Younger. He also took his inspiration from other Flemish artists. For instance, his composition \"\" likely drew its inspiration from similar paintings representing processions in cities by Flemish artists such as Pieter van Aelst and Erasmus de Bie. He painted many scenes of cattle markets, which offered him the opportunity to", "id": "3658943" }, { "contents": "Jan van den Hecke\n\n\nKunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Archduke Leopold Wilhem must have particularly liked his flower pieces as all of van den Hecke's paintings which he collected were pictures of flowers in vases and baskets and garland paintings. Van Hecke returned to Antwerp around 1657. In 1660 he married Maria Adriana Heyens with whom he had three children. His son, known as Jan van den Hecke II, was born in 1661 and became a popular painter of flowers as well as other types of still life. His two known pupils were Peeter vander Elstraeten (", "id": "14931009" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nLeo van Heil (Brussels, 1605 – c.1664), was a Flemish architect, painter and miniature painter mainly of flowers and insects. He is chiefly remembered for his designs of the Brigittines chapel and the tower of the Saint Nicholas Church, both in Brussels. Leo van Heil was born in Brussels. He had two brothers who were also artists: Jan Baptist van Heil was a portrait painter and Daniel van Heil was a landscape painter specialising in winter scenes or burning fires. When in 1648 Erasmus Quellinus was given the general", "id": "8052850" }, { "contents": "Jan Verhas\n\n\ngovernment awarded him a special subsidy of 1,200 francs and commissioned from him a composition depicting the Battle of Kallo. In 1862 he travelled via Paris and Lyon to Italy, where he made stops in Turin, Milan and Venice. He remained in Venice for two to three months, studying and copying the masters. Lack of funds forced him to leave Italy. He travelled back via Paris where his brother Frans was working at the time. Jan assisted his brother in the execution of several decorative projects. Afterwards he resided in Antwerp", "id": "9399028" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\nPeeter the Elder and Joris became painters. Alexander trained under his father. He became a master in the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1685. On 11 August 1685, he married Cornelia Sporckmans, daughter of the Antwerp history painter Hubert Sporckmans. They had three daughters and six sons of whom Jan Frans became a painter. Alexander van Bredael died in Antwerp. His pupils include his son Jan Frans, Peeter Busschop, Johan Baptist Govaerts, Guielmus van Ryn and Pieter Snyers. Alexander van Bredael painted in a wide variety of", "id": "3658942" }, { "contents": "Filippo Zaniberti\n\n\nFilippo Zaniberti (1585–1636) was an Italian painter of the late Mannerist period. He was born in Brescia and active in Venice, where he became a pupil of Santo Peranda. Zaniberti's style recalls the richness of Paolo Veronese. He painted a \"Mannah in the desert\" for the main altarpiece of the church of Santa Maria Nuova of Venice. He worked alongside the fellow Peranda disciple, Matteo Ponzone, in the decoration of the Ducal palace of Mirandola. He painted a \"Marriage of St Catherine\" for the church", "id": "19300082" }, { "contents": "St. Paul's Church, Antwerp\n\n\ntwisted marble columns. The painting \"Adoration of the shepherds\" by Rubens forms the altar piece. The Maria Chapel also contains a white marble sculpture of \"Our Lady of Sorrows\" by Jan Pieter van Baurscheit de Elder. The church holds elaborate tomb monuments attributed to Johannes van Mildert, Pieter Verbrugghen II and Andries Colyns de Nole. The 17th century organ is regarded as one of the most important organs of Belgium. The monumental organ case was sculpted by Pieter Verbrugghen I after a design by Erasmus Quellinus II. In 1623", "id": "10432986" }, { "contents": "David Teniers the Elder\n\n\nDavid Teniers the Elder (158229 July 1649), Flemish painter, was born at Antwerp. Having received his first training in the painter's art from his brother Juliaen, he studied under Rubens in Antwerp, and subsequently under Elsheimer in Rome; he became a member of the Antwerp guild of painters in 1606. Though his ambition led him at times to try his skill in large religious, historical and mythological compositions, his claim to fame depends chiefly on his landscapes and paintings of peasants carousing, of kermesse scenes and the", "id": "12948361" } ]

[ { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke as a 'wijnmeester', i.e. the son of a member of the Guild. The next year he married Cornelia Teniers, the daughter of painter David Teniers the Younger. Jan Erasmus Quellinus received many commissions including a large commission for paintings destined for Antwerp’s Saint Michael's Abbey. Around 1680 Quellinus worked in Vienna for the Habsburg court as a court painter to Emperor Leopold I. Among other works, the most important commission he completed was a series of 15 ceiling paintings on events in the life", "id": "7354727" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nJan-Erasmus Quellinus or Jan Erasmus Quellinus (1634 in Antwerp – 11 March 1715 in Mechelen) was a Flemish painter and draughtsman and a member of the famous Quellinus family of artists. He was one of the last prominent representatives of the great Flemish school of history and portrait painting in the 17th century. His work displays the classicizing influences of his father Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and Paolo Veronese. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his grandfather Erasmus Quellinus", "id": "7354724" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nwritten as \" Sederboom\"), which means 'cedar tree'. He is also reported to have used another nickname: 'Corpus'. Quellinus later moved to Venice where he resided from circa 1660 to 1661. Here he was influenced by the style of Veronese as is shown by his drawings from that time. During his stay in Northern Italy he was also introduced to the architecture of Palladio, which informed some of the decorative motifs he used in his later compositions. Upon his return to Antwerp in 1661 he joined", "id": "7354726" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof his father’s Classicism. As a result art historians have difficulty attributing some works to either artist. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus developed further on the Classicism of his father linking it with the influence of Paolo Veronese from whom he borrowed grandeur and various dynamic details. Unlike his father he liked to incorporate in his paintings grand architectural elements which were derived from the Palladian buildings he had seen in Northern Italy. As was common practice at the time, he collaborated with specialist painters in Antwerp such as the still life painter Jan Fyt", "id": "7354730" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Elder, his father Erasmus the Younger, and his uncles Artus Quellinus the Elder and Hubertus Quellinus. He was trained by his father from 1649. Jan-Erasmus travelled to Italy where he initially resided in Rome from 1657 to 1659. He became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Jan-Erasmus was given the bent name \"Seederboom\" (also", "id": "7354725" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\none of the leading artistic families in Antwerp, producing sculptors, painters and printmakers who would develop careers in Flanders and abroad. Father Erasmus Quellinus I, a sculptor, had moved from Sint-Truiden to Antwerp. The brothers of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger were both artists: Artus (1609-1668) was a leading Baroque sculptor and Hubertus (1619-1687) an engraver. Erasmus Quellinus II became a student of Jan-Baptist Verhaeghe, an obscure artist, in 1633. He became a master of the Antwerp Guild", "id": "11150843" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Me\" of 1664 (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels). These later compositions possible reflect an influence by the early work of his son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. As was common in Antwerp at the time, Quellinus collaborated with other painters. He worked with still life specialists on still lifes and portraits. Many of the still lifes fall into the category of ‘garland paintings’. Garland paintings are a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder.", "id": "11150855" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus the Younger and Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) was a Flemish painter, engraver, draughtsman and tapestry designer who worked in various genres including history, portrait, battle and animal paintings. He was a pupil of Peter Paul Rubens and was one of the closest collaborators of Rubens in the 1630s. Following Rubens’ death in 1640 he became one of the most prolific and successful painters in Flanders. Erasmus Quellinus II was born in Antwerp as the son of Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden. The Quellinus family became", "id": "11150842" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus I or Erasmus Quellinus the Elder (alternate names: Erasmus Quellinck, Erasme Quellin (I)) (Sint-Truiden, 1584 - Antwerp, 22 January 1640) was a Flemish sculptor best known for classically inspired ornamentation work and copies after the antique. He was the founder of an important Antwerp dynasty of artists. Details of his early life and training have not survived. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1606. He married Betje van Uden, the sister of the painter Lucas van", "id": "7355031" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nHis brothers became prominent artists: Erasmus was a painter and Hubertus was an engraver and painter. His sister Cornelia married his father’s pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. Artus Quellinus received his first training from his father. In the period from 1635 to 1639 he trained in Rome in the studio of his compatriot François Duquesnoy. He spent time in Lyon together with the Flemish painter Laureys Franck and was in contact there with the Dutch engraver Nicolaas van Helt Stockade and the Dutch painter Jan Asselijn. He returned to Antwerp", "id": "8459221" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\n, Joseph van den Kerckhoven, Davit van den Heuvel, Francis Cools, Allowisius de Meyere, Jan-Baptist Hyacint Breydel, Gaspar (or Jasper) de Cantelbeeck (1685-86), Jan François Blondeau and Jacobus Blondeau (1697-98). From 1712 the artist resided and worked in Mechelen where he died on 11 March 1715. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was principally a history painter who also painted the occasional portrait. He had an extensive output supported by a large workshop. His style is closely related to that", "id": "7354729" }, { "contents": "Anthoni Schoonjans\n\n\nMarch 1655. He became in the Guild year 1668-1669 in Antwerp an apprentice of Erasmus Quellinus II and that master's son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. From 1674 to 1677 the artist resided in Reims and he also spent some time in Paris. In 1674 his mother met up with her son Anthoni in Reims. He left France and from 6 January 1675 he resided in Rome, where he familiarised himself with the Italian Baroque. He shared in Rome a residence with the flower painter Carel de Vogelaer in Via Margutta.", "id": "9299848" }, { "contents": "Nicolaes van Verendael\n\n\nteacher of someone referred to as 'priest Cano' and the flower painter Jean Baptiste Morel. Van Verendael mainly painted flower pieces, vanitas still lifes and a few allegorical scenes with monkeys. His dated works are from the period between 1659 and 1690. He was highly regarded from an early age when he started working with some of the leading Antwerp painters such as David Teniers the Younger, Gonzales Coques, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Boeckhorst, Carstian Luyckx and Jan Davidsz. de Heem. His early work shows the influence of", "id": "18460769" }, { "contents": "Theodoor Boeyermans\n\n\n' dated works are dated between 1660 and 1677. He was mainly a painter of history and allegorical paintings. The artist received many important commissions for churches in his native Antwerp, the Kempen region and in Malines, but made his name in his hometown by painting secular compositions. He also painted group portraits. Together with Jan-Erasmus Quellinus, Boeyermans was one of the last important 17th-century Flemish history painters. His style was influenced by Rubens and van Dyck but he favoured a darker palette than those two artists.", "id": "6673291" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin 1662. On 9 November 1663, Erasmus Quellinus II married Françoise de Fren. De Fren was the daughter of the well-off André de Fren, secretary of the Council of Brabant, and the sister of Isabella de Fren, who was married to the court painter David Teniers II. In 1665 Quellinus designed a cenotaph for the deceased Philip IV of Spain and the decorations for the Joyous Entry of Don Francisco de Moura as governor of the Habsburg Netherlands. Erasmus Quellinus II died in Antwerp on 7 November 1678. His", "id": "11150849" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Antwerp from Rome around 1640. Artus worked in a classicizing style of Baroque under the influence of his compatriot, the sculptor François Duquesnoy, in whose workshop in Rome he had worked. This style had in turn been influenced by the Classicism of Annibale Carracci. The two brothers would from then on work together on various projects and mutually influence each other. After Rubens’ death in 1640 Erasmus Quellinus became one of the leading history painters of Flanders. He received many commissions for altarpieces in the region. In 1648 he was", "id": "11150847" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ncommissioned to make the decorations for the Joyous Entry of the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm into Antwerp, thus playing the same role as Rubens 13 years earlier for the Joyous Entry of Ferdinand. He made the decorations for the announcement of the Treaty of Westphalia in the same year. Around 1656 Erasmus worked in Amsterdam where his brother Artus was responsible for the decoration of the new City Hall. Erasmus assisted in this project and the brothers also collaborated on other commissions. Erasmus painted altarpieces for clandestine Catholic churches in Amsterdam. His first wife died", "id": "11150848" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\npupils included his son Jan Erasmus Quellinus, Guilliam Forchondt (II), Julius de Geest, Willem de Ryck, Anthoni Schoonjans, Wallerant Vaillant and Remacle Serin. Erasmus Quellinus II was a very versatile artist who worked in various genres. He received numerous commissions for altarpieces depicting Counter-Reformation themes for churches and monasteries throughout the Southern Netherlands. He also received many civic commissions which allowed him to show his learning in the depiction of scenes from ancient history and mythology and allegorical compositions. In addition, he produced portraits, battle", "id": "11150850" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof Saint Luke in 1633-1634. In the 1630s, the artist worked and likely studied in the workshop of Rubens and regularly collaborated on projects with Rubens. In 1634 Erasmus II married Catharina de Hemelaer, a niece of Jan de Hemelaer, the deacon of Antwerp Cathedral. Their son Jan Erasmus followed in his father’s footsteps and became a painter. From the notes made by his son Jan Erasmus in the margin of his copy of Cornelis de Bie’s book of artist biographies entitled Het Gulden Cabinet, it is known", "id": "11150844" }, { "contents": "Jan van Kessel the Elder\n\n\na figure painter was responsible for the figure or other image in the cartouche. His collaborators on garland paintings are believed to have included his uncle David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus the Elder, Hendrick van Balen the Elder, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly Jan Boeckhorst. An example of a collaborative garland painting made by Jan van Kessel and David Teniers the Younger is the composition (c. 1660-1670, Louvre). In this work Jan van Kessel painted a decorative garland representing the four elements around a cartouche showing a young", "id": "16247184" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin the Hermitage Museum, a collaboration with Frans Ykens. Quellinus further collaborated with the animal and still life painter Jan Fyt on portraits such as the \"Portrait of a young boy\" (Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp) of c. 1650. Quellinus also collaborated with animal painters Peter Boel and genre painter Jan van Kessel the Elder. Erasmus Quellinus II executed various tapestry designs. In 1649 he produced the designs for a tapestry series depicting the \"History of the Thurn and Taxis Family\" (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of", "id": "11150857" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nHe was a member of the well-known Quellinus family of artists from 17th century Antwerp, major center of artistic life then known as \"the Florence of the North\". Thomas Quellinus was born in Antwerp to the leading Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus II and Anna Maria Gabron, and was baptised on 17 March 1661. He trained in his father’s workshop in the art of sculpture. After completing his apprenticeship with his father, he went to London, England, where he worked with his brother Artus Quellinus III. While", "id": "11778979" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nArtus Quellinus also known as Artus (Arnoldus) Quellijn, Artus Quellinus I or Artus Quellinus the Elder (20 or 30 August 1609, Antwerp  – 23 August 1668, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor. He is regarded as the most important representative of the Baroque in sculpture in the Southern Netherlands. His work had a major influence on the development of sculpture in Northern Europe. Artus Quellinus the Elder was born into an artistic family. He was the son of the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden.", "id": "8459220" }, { "contents": "Jan Pieter Brueghel\n\n\nJan Pieter Brueghel or Jan Pieter Breughel (29 August 1628 (baptised) – 1664) was a Flemish Baroque painter specialised in flower still lifes. Brueghel was born in Antwerp. He was the son of Jan Brueghel the Younger and Anna-Maria Janssens. He joined the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645 as \"wijnmeester\". He died in Italy, after 1664, and is known for flower still lifes. He created many garland paintings on which he collaborated with other painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II who painted the", "id": "10461841" }, { "contents": "Pieter Boel\n\n\nBoel got to know the work of the Genoese artist Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione and the still life painter Giuseppe Recco. He learned from these Italian masters to heighten the dramatic effect of his canvases by emphasizing the shadows. He also used red drapes in the background, a Baroque element par excellence, to enhance the atmosphere of his compositions. Boel is known to have collaborated with fellow Antwerp artists Erasmus Quellinus II and Jacob Jordaens, who painted the human figures in his compositions. Boel was accomplished in large-scale vanitas paintings depicting an", "id": "20560716" }, { "contents": "Pieter Bruegel the Elder\n\n\n(grandson of Jan Bruegel the Elder) and Jan van Kessel the Younger. Through David Teniers, the family is also related to the whole Teniers family of painters and the Quellinus family of painters and sculptors, since Jan-Erasmus Quellinus married Cornelia, daughter of David Teniers the Younger. Bruegel's art was long more highly valued by collectors than critics. His friend Abraham Ortelius described him in a friendship album in 1574 as \"the most perfect painter of his century\", but both Vasari and Van Mander see him as", "id": "17084192" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nflowers. The subject of vanitas as depicted here was unusual for van Utrecht and shows that his role in the development of new types of still life has not been sufficiently recognized in art-historical literature. As was common in Antwerp’s art sector at the time, van Utrecht collaborated with other specialist artists, typically figure painters. He is known to have provided the still life elements in paintings by Jacob Jordaens, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Cossiers, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. He is believed to have also collaborated with David Teniers", "id": "18461245" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nHubertus Quellinus or Hubert Quellinus (August 15, 1619, Antwerp – 1687) was a Flemish printmaker, draughtsman and painter and a member of the prominent Quellinus family of artists. His engravings after the work of his brother, the Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder, were instrumental in the spread of the Flemish Baroque idiom in Europe in the second half of the 17th century. Hubertus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his father Erasmus Quellinus the Elder and his brothers,", "id": "8520392" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus III\n\n\nArtus Quellinus III (1653, Antwerp – December 1686, London) was a Flemish sculptor active in London. His name is often anglicised to Arnold Quellan, Arnold Quellin or Arnold Quellinus or mistakenly given as \"Jan Quellinus\". He was the son of Artus Quellinus II and brother to the sculptor Thomas Quellinus and the painter Cornelis Quellinus He trained in his father's workshop in Antwerp before moving to London in 1682. He was married to Frances Siberechts, youngest daughter of the Antwerp-born painter Jan Siberechts, who had", "id": "13748725" }, { "contents": "Flemish Baroque painting\n\n\npainters combined a local influence from Rubens with knowledge of classicism and Italian Baroque qualities. Artists in the vein include Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Jan van den Hoecke, Pieter van Lint, Cornelis Schut, and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Later in the century, many painters turned to Anthony van Dyck as a major influence. Among them were Pieter Thijs, Lucas Franchoys the Younger, and artists who were also inspired by Late Baroque theatricality such as Theodoor Boeyermans and Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. Additionally, a Flemish variant of \"Caravaggism\"", "id": "6030293" }, { "contents": "Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen\n\n\nthe principal representatives of Flemish high baroque sculpture. The father had been a pupil of Erasmus Quellinus I, who was himself the founder of a prominent family of artists. The father married the daughter of his master Erasmus Quellinus. From this marriage Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was born. His brother Pieter Verbrugghen II was also a sculptor and worked in the workshop of his father. Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was trained by his father. Nonetheless, he did not start his career as a sculptor but as a draughtsman working with the illuminator Jan Ruyselinck", "id": "10070115" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nand Londerzeel. Many of his paintings can be regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. He often worked from prints made after the works of these masters to create his own compositions. An example is the (Prado Museum), which is based on a print after Rafael", "id": "11181884" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Rubens pupil Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and the prominent sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. In 1650 he traveled to Rome where he joined the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Hubertus was given the bent name \"Saracin\". Quellinus was in Amsterdam by 1660 where he collaborated on a publication, which consisted of two parts: the first part consisted of 30 plates depicting the Amsterdam", "id": "8520393" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\ncompleted the frontal decoration of the organ in the Antwerp cathedral, based on a design made by Erasmus Quellinus II. He and his workshop made the oak confessionals in the St. Paul's Church in Antwerp (between 1658 and 1660). He made the oak organ case in that church in collaboration with Artus Quellinus the Elder in 1654, and together with his son Pieter Verbrugghen II he executed the designs for the high altar in 1670. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known creations. The", "id": "11276653" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nArtus Quellinus II or Artus Quellinus the Younger (alternative first name: Arnold; variation on family name: Quellijn, Quellyn, Quellien, Quellin, Quellinius) (between 10 and 20 November 1625, Sint-Truiden – 22 November 1700, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor who played an important role in the evolution of Northern-European sculpture from High Baroque to Late Baroque. Artus Quellinus II was born into an artistic family. His uncle was the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I, whose son was Artus Quellinus I,", "id": "13073282" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Some of these works are now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. He returned to Antwerp where between the years 1685 and 1712 he worked on many commissions for churches in Antwerp and throughout Flanders. He also had many pupils including Anthoni Schoonjans, Simon de Marets, Jan Carel van Eyck, Guiliam Draeger (1668-69), Christoffel Franciscus Ponsel, Jacobus de Play (1669-1670), Peeter Heymans, Franciscus Carnonckel, Franciscus Cuylen, Hieronymus Galle (1673-74)", "id": "7354728" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nthat Erasmus II obtained a degree in philosophy. This explains the fact that he wrote a philosophical tract entitled \"Philosophia\", which was recorded in the 1679 inventory of his estate. Quellinus became a regular collaborator with Rubens from 1635. He first worked on the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the new governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand. Rubens was in overall charge of this project. Quellinus made decorative paintings after designs by Rubens of which six have survived. In the period 1636-1638 Rubens", "id": "11150845" }, { "contents": "Joannes Chrysostomus Teniers\n\n\n. As abbot he took the motto \"Tene Quod Bene\" (\"Hold on to what is good\", 1 Thessalonians 5, verse 21). Teniers died in Antwerp on 30 November 1709. His portrait painted by Jan-Erasmus Quellinus is inside Tongerlo Abbey. Teniers had some reputation as a preacher and a manuscript of his sermons for feastdays was preserved in the monastery library, as well as two volumes of his notes on the works of St Augustine. One of Teniers' poems was published in the preliminary matter", "id": "1158593" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nThese paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Erasmus Quellinus II collaborated on garland paintings with still life specialists, such as his brother-in-law Jan Philip van Thielen, Daniel Seghers, Jan Pieter Brueghel, Frans Ykens, Peter Willebeeck and Jan Anton van der Baren. These collaborators painted the flower garland while Quellinus painted the figures and architectural setting. An example is the \"Holy Family in a Wreath of Flowers\"", "id": "11150856" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\n’ workshop received a large commission to make mythological decorations for the hunting pavilion Torre de la Parada of the Spanish king Philip IV near Madrid. For this project Quellinus painted decorations after oil sketches by Rubens some of which have been preserved (Prado Museum). In early 1637 Quellinus drew frontispieces for the Antwerp printing house Plantin Press according to Rubens’ instructions regarding iconography and layout. These drawings were in Quellinus’ own style as Rubens let him a free hand in the design of the modelli. His brother Artus Quellinus I returned", "id": "11150846" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nwith living people and animals. Van Utrecht also painted a number of flower still lifes. He was a regular collaborator with leading Antwerp painters who had been pupils or assistants of Peter Paul Rubens, such as Jacob Jordaens, David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus II, Gerard Seghers, Theodoor Rombouts, Abraham van Diepenbeeck and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Adriaen van Utrecht was born in Antwerp as the son of Abel van Utrecht en Anne Huybrecht. In 1614 he became a pupil of Herman de Neyt, a painter and art dealer who", "id": "18461230" }, { "contents": "Baroque sculpture\n\n\nof a family of famous sculptors and painters, and son of another sculptor, Erasmus Quellinus. He settled in Antwerp in 1639. He became close to Rubens, and his work applied many of the principles of the compositions of Rubens to sculpture. Another important Belgian Baroque sculptor was Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen (1654–1724), who carved very elaborate sculptures, full of biblical scenes, flora and fauna,allegories and symbols for the ceremonial puppets the cathedrals and churches in Brussels, Louvain, Antwerp, Mechelen, and other cities. Early", "id": "16040697" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nwas back in Antwerp in 1657 and became an Antwerp burgher on 11 May 1663. His wife died on 15 October 1668 and the next year Artus remarried to Cornelia Volders. In the latter part of his life Quellinus received many commissions, primarily for church furnishings and tomb sculptures. His pupils include Alexander van Papenhoven, Thomas Quellinus, Jan van den Steen, (1633–1723), the Master of the St. Luke in Antwerp, Cornelis van Scheyck (1679–1680); Balten Rubbens (1685–1686); Adriaen Govaerts (1690–91) and", "id": "13073285" }, { "contents": "Peter Ykens\n\n\ntrained 28 pupils including Karel Breydel, Erasmus Causse, Gaspaer Janssens, Jan Thomas van Kessel, Henderick van Mael, Francis Scalie, Jan Baptist Kretsaert and Jacob Leyssens. His eldest son Jan Frans became a staffage painter who collaborated with still life painters of flowers and fruit. He died in Antwerp. He painted portraits and Christian religious representations and made a large number of altarpieces and paintings for local churches and palaces. As was the custom in Antwerp at the time, he often worked together with other painters who were specialists in", "id": "8049116" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\n. The couple had six children of whom three became artists: Artus Quellinus III and Thomas Quellinus were both successful sculptors whereas Cornelis Quellinus became a painter about whom little is known. The young Artus joined his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Amsterdam around 1653 where he became one of the members of the team of artists that worked under the direction of Artus I on the decoration of the newly built City Hall on the Dam Square. The artist traveled to Italy and probably visited Turin, Florence and Rome between 1655 and 1657. He", "id": "13073284" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nUden. The couple had three sons: Erasmus, who would become a painter and engraver, Artus, who would follow in his father’s footsteps and become a sculptor, and Hubertus, who became an engraver and painter. His daughter Cornelia Quellinus married his pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. He was the teacher of Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder, Melchior Charles, Wallerant Vaillant, Joos Sterck (1607); Rombout Claes (1609), Melchior van der Lanen (1612), Hans Franscoys (1614),", "id": "7355032" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nfurther inspired by the cult of veneration and devotion to Mary prevalent at the Habsburg court (then the rulers over the Southern Netherlands) and in Antwerp generally. Garland paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image, portrait or other religious symbol (such as the host). The paintings are usually a collaboration between a flower painter and a staffage painter. Van Thielen produced multiple garland paintings in collaboration with other artists. His collaborators included his brother-in-law Erasmus Quellinus II, Nicolas de Largilliere, Jan van", "id": "12866287" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nhe was the brother-in-law of Erasmus Quellinus II. Erasmus Quelllinus was married to the sister of his wife and would become one of the leading history painters in Flanders after the deaths of Rubens and van Dyck. Quellinus drew van Thielens’ portrait that was engraved by Richard Collin for Cornelis de Bie's book of artist biographies Het Gulden Cabinet. Van Thielen and his wife had 9 children. Because he liked flower painting he changed masters in 1641 and began training with Daniel Seghers, the leading flower painter in Flanders", "id": "12866282" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nbe regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. Typical examples of his work are the painting \"A Poor Company at Table in a Rustic Kitchen\" held by the National Trust at Tyntesfield and oil on copper religious paintings, such as \"Daniel in the Lion's Den\"", "id": "11181882" }, { "contents": "Mattheus Borrekens\n\n\nAntwerp on 25 December 1670. Mattheus Borrekens was mainly a reproductive printmaker. He made prints after the work of leading Flemish painters of his time such as Rubens, van Dyck, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Abraham van Diepenbeeck, Jan Thomas van Ieperen, Pieter van Lint and Cornelis Schut. He mainly concentrated on Christian religious subjects and portraits. He also engraved frontispieces of publications such as Christophe Butkens's\"Trophées tant sacrés et profanes du Duché de Brabant\". 1724-1726. For this publication he engraved after a design by van Diepenbeeck", "id": "2345697" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nmaster’s daughter, Cornelia Quellinus. Through his marriage he became the brother in law of the leading Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1641 and in 1659 he became the deacon of the Guild. His first wife died in 1662, and he remarried in 1665, to Elisabeth Lemmens. He was the father of the sculptors Pieter Verbrugghen II and Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen. His daughter Suzanna married the sculptor Peeter Meesens. His pupils included some of the leading representatives of the", "id": "11276651" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nhave made individual statues, none of which have survived. In 1635 he was awarded the contract to make the pulpit of the St. Elisabeth Hospital in Antwerp. This work is an example of early Baroque in Antwerp and shows Erasmus’ mastery of balance and symmetry, even though there is no sense of realism. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known commissions. He made the original design for the pulpit, which, after his death, was somewhat changed by his son Artus while Pieter Verbrugghen", "id": "7355034" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Barbé\n\n\nNicolaas Lauwers for infringement of privileges relating to prints he had created, he received the support of Rubens. Barbé married Christien (or Christina) Wierix, the daughter of the prominent engraver and publisher Hieronymus Wierix on 30 March 1620. According to the contemporary notes of the painter Erasmus Quellinus II, Barbé was a very ugly person, while his daughter, who was a gifted engraver, was counted among 'the most beautiful women of Antwerp'. Hieronymus Wierix , the father of his wife, had died in 1619 before the", "id": "20064889" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nthe most successful Flemish Baroque sculptor of the mid 17th century. Artus II is likely to have received his training as a sculptor from his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Antwerp to where he must have moved from his native city of Sint-Truiden (then in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, now in the Belgian province of Limburg). Artus Quellinus II became a master of the Guild of Saint Luke in Antwerp in 1650–51. Artus Quellinus II married Anna Maria Gabron, the sister of the painter Willem Gabron, in 1653", "id": "13073283" }, { "contents": "Daniel Seghers\n\n\n, the collaborators are not always known with certainty. It is known he often worked with Cornelis Schut, Erasmus Quellinus II, Abraham van Diepenbeek, Simon de Vos, Jan van den Hoecke, Gonzales Coques and Rubens. Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert is also mentioned as his collaborator. It is possible that Seghers collaborated with Rubens on a garland painting for the Saint Carolus Borromeus church in Antwerp. During his stay in Rome he also collaborated with Poussin and Domenichino. Unlike in his later collaborations, Seghers is believed to have added flower garlands", "id": "7240113" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nErasmus de Bie (1629 in Antwerp – 1675 in Antwerp) was a Flemish Baroque painter known for his city views and genre scenes. He depicted several lively scenes of large public celebrations in his hometown of Antwerp. It is not clear whether the views of Italianate cities and landscapes attributed to him are the work of Adriaen de Bie, a Flemish painter from Lier who worked in Italy for a while. Very little is known about the life of Erasmus de Bie. He was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter", "id": "4566739" }, { "contents": "Willem Gabron\n\n\n. He was first registered in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke as a ‘wijnmeester’ (i.e. son of a master of the Guild) in the guild year 1640-41, along with his younger brother Antoon. His sister Anna Maria married the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Younger. Gabron travelled to Rome, at the latest by 1646. Here he became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the", "id": "12740318" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nBaroque painter, and the engraving of the frontispiece was made by Jacob Neefs (Antwerp, June 3, 1610 – 1660), also after a design by Erasmus Quellinus the Younger. Christoffel Plantin (1520–1589), grandfather of Balthasar Moretus, set up his printing shop called 'De Gulden Passer' (Golden Compasses) in Antwerp in 1555, publishing both Catholic and Protestant literature. This Frenchman, who fled his native country to Antwerp to escape the persecution during the 1540s, was the best-known printer of his time", "id": "2235324" }, { "contents": "Jan Anton van der Baren\n\n\nare a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder. These paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Van der Baren collaborated on garland paintings with other painters, such as Erasmus Quellinus II and the Flemish émigré painter Nikolaus van Hoy. These collaborators painted the devotional image while van der Baren painted the flower garland. An example is the \"Garland of flowers surrounding the Holy Family", "id": "16752890" }, { "contents": "Jacob de Formentrou\n\n\nthe conclusion that the painting is not a collaboration between all the artists whose works are represented in the painting but rather represents the combined effort of de Formentrou and Erasmus Quellinus II, a leading Antwerp painter. F. G. Meijer on the other hand believes that the composition is a collaboration between all of the artists whose work are depicted. He attributes the composition and the various pictures depicted in it as follows: The painting can be read as a reference to connoisseurship, and in particular the connoisseur's activity of evaluating the authorship of", "id": "8771731" }, { "contents": "Nicolaas van Eyck\n\n\nstarted to study in 1632. He was a captain of a local schutterij and this may be a reason why he painted military scenes. He was friends with the flower painter Jan Philip van Thielen, who had also been a pupil of Rombouts. Van Eyck was godfather to at least one of van Thielen's nine children. He was the teacher of Pieter Hofman. His sons Nicolaas II and Jan Carel van Eyck became painters. Jan Carel was a student of Jan Erasmus Quellinus and spent time in Italy. Nicolaas van Eyck", "id": "8735899" }, { "contents": "Philips Augustijn Immenraet\n\n\nwould paint the landscape while the other specialist painters would take care of other aspects of the painting such as staffage, architecture, animals or still life elements. A collaboration with Erasmus Quellinus II is reported by the Dutch biographer Arnold Houbraken. The Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium holds the 1672 painting \"The Legend of William Tell shown to the Antwerp Guild of St Sebastian\", which is a collaboration between Immenraet, Wilhelm Schubert van Ehrenberg (who painted the architecture) and Karel-Emmanuel Biset. He also worked with", "id": "10869502" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nUniversity – the same city where Jan Baptist Zangrius was also active. Here Lobkowitz published a major work titled \"Theologia Moralis ad prima, eaque clarissima principia reducta\" printed by Perus Zangrius (Lovanii, typis ac sumptibus Petrus Zangrius, 1645). His book titled \"Philippus Prudens\" containing some hatched arms was published in 1639 by Balthasar Moretus in Antwerp. The coats of arms were engraved by Cornelius Galle the Younger, after the drawings of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger (Antwerp, 1607 - Antwerp, 1678), a Flemish", "id": "2235323" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nFrans de Bie the Elder. He was baptised on 20 December 1629 in the St. Walburga church in Antwerp. He became a pupil of David Ryckaert III in 1641 and was admitted as a master in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645-1646. He married Catharina Douglas, called de Schot (the Scot), and was the father of Frans and Jan Baptist de Bie, who both became painters. Jan Baptist emigrated to Vienna where he remained active. Erasmus de Bie had pupils in 1660 and in 1666,", "id": "4566740" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck (III)\n\n\nSnellinck the Younger was a genre and history painter. His great-grandfather was the prominent Flemish painter and art dealer Jan Snellinck the Elder, who was originally from Mechelen and worked most of his career in Antwerp. Jan Snellinck (III)'s grand-uncles Daniel and Gerard were also painters. Very little is known about the life of Jan Snellinck (III). He likely trained with his father. He was active in Rotterdam for his entire career. The death date and place of Jan Snellinck are not known but", "id": "10515381" }, { "contents": "Anton Goubau\n\n\nat the front on the right, which expresses the transience of power and fame. In addition to his cityscapes, Goubau painted many religious compositions, especially designed for churches in Antwerp. He also made a number of religious paintings on copper as part of a series made for the Spanish market to which other Flemish painters such as Willem van Herp, Erasmus Quellinus II, and possibly Abraham Willemsens contributed. The series is now kept in the Convent of las Comendadoras de Santiaga in Madrid. He painted portraits as evidenced by the portrait", "id": "4569148" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof forms achieved through a sculptural use of light. Quellinus’ oldest known work is the 1634 \"Adoration of the Shepherds\" (Alte Pinakothek, Munich), which is in this Caravaggesque mode. From the 1640s, his style took on a classicizing aspect and a sculptured look. Erasmus never travelled to Italy so this stylistic development was likely influenced by the work of his brother Artus, who introduced his own style of classicizing Baroque in Flemish sculpture after returning from Rome in 1640. Both brothers depicted similar idealizing Antique figures in", "id": "11150852" }, { "contents": "Jan Siberechts\n\n\nEngland around 1672 and spent the first three years in England painting decorations in the Duke’s newly built Cliveden House at Taplow, Buckinghamshire, England. From the second part of the 1670s and in the 1680s he travelled widely in England completing numerous commissions for aristocratic clients. He lived in London where one of his daughters was a lace-maker for the Queen. His younger daughter, Frances, married the Flemish émigré sculptor Artus Quellinus III (known in England as 'Arnold Quellinus') and, after being widowed, John", "id": "14682967" }, { "contents": "Jan Fyt\n\n\n, Fyt collaborated regularly with other painters who were specialist in other areas such as figure, landscape or architectural painting. He thus relied on figure painters such as Cornelius Schut, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly on occasion Jacob Jordaens and on figure and architectural painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II. Jan Fyt produced many drawings of animals based usually on studies from nature. The Hermitage holds a large gouache drawing of a \"\". It is rich in colour and carefully executed and was likely intended as a model for tapestry cartoon. Fyt", "id": "1007601" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nartistic direction over the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the newly appointed governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, Leo van Heil worked as Quellinus' architectural assistant. The Archduke became his patron and appointed him as his court architect and commissioned various projects from van Heil, including a stone gate for the Archduke's palace in Brussels. The painter and printmaker Renier Meganck, who later worked as a court painter in Vienna, became a pupil of Leo van Heil in Brussels in 1656. In his time Leo van", "id": "8052851" }, { "contents": "Gerard Seghers\n\n\nGerard Seghers (1591 in Antwerp – 18 March 1651 in Antwerp) was a Flemish painter, art collector and art dealer. After a period of study of study and residence in Rome, he returned to Flanders where he became one of the leading representatives of the Flemish Caravaggisti movement. In his later career he abandoned the Caravaggist style and genre motifs to become an important painter of large altarpieces for local churches. Gerard Seghers was born in Antwerp as the son of innkeeper Jan Seghers and his wife Ida de Neve. He was", "id": "7355415" }, { "contents": "Jacob Leyssens\n\n\nJacob Leyssens or Jacob Lyssens (nickname Notenkraker) (1661, Antwerp - 1710, Antwerp), was a Flemish painter and decorator. After training in Antwerp, he spent a long time in Rome. After his return to Antwerp, he was active as a painter and decorator and collaborated with prominent Antwerp still life painters such as Gaspar Peeter Verbruggen the Younger and Jan Baptist Bosschaert. He was a student of Peter Ykens in 1674. He travelled to Rome at a young age as he is mentioned there in 1680. He", "id": "13757002" }, { "contents": "Francesco Ruschi\n\n\nFrancesco Ruschi was an Italian painter born in Rome around 1610. He studied in Rome under Giuseppe Cesari (Cavalier d'Arpino), Francesco Albani and Pietro da Cortona. His work also shows the influence of Caravaggio. He settled in Venice before 1629. He became a friend of the writer Giovan Francesco Loredan, for whom he drew the cover pages of several works. He moved to Treviso from 1656, and died there in 1661. Ruschi was influenced by the paintings of Paolo Veronese in his academic and decorative interpretations. These include", "id": "14035066" }, { "contents": "St. Peter in Chains Church (Beringen)\n\n\nor Vandereyt) and date from the late 17th century. Jan Rutten from Sint-Truiden completed the stalls after the death of Laurens Vandenreyt. The Baroque high altar contains a painting representing Christ on the cross attributed to the Antwerp painter Erasmus Quellinus II. The side altars are portico altars and contain the Baroque paintings \" Assumption and Coronation of Mary\" and the \"Finding of the Cross\", both by Anton Goubau. The rood screen is neogothic. The organ was manufactured in 1853 by Henri Vermeersch from Duffel and is the", "id": "12887333" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck\n\n\nJan Snellinck or Jan Snellinck (I) (Mechelen, c. 1548 – Antwerp, 1 October 1638) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and designer of tapestries, prints and frescoes. He is known for his large altarpieces and was also recognized as a leading battle painter in his time. Snellinck was active as an art dealer and art collector. Jan Snellinck was born in Mechelen as the son of Daniël Snellinck I, a painter and hawker, and Cornelia Verhulst (alias: Bessemeers). His mother came from a family", "id": "12059012" }, { "contents": "Paul de Vos\n\n\n. De Vos was able to develop his own personal style that accentuated abrupt movement, the gruesome aspects of hunts, used warmer colours and a broader brush stroke than Snyders. He also expanded the iconographic tradition with scenes of fighting cats and horses attacked by wolves. As was common amongst artists in 17th-century Antwerp, De Vos frequently collaborated with other painters. He collaborated with Rubens, Anthony van Dyck (, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg), Erasmus Quellinus II, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert, Adriaen van Utrecht and Jan Wildens", "id": "4556665" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nPieter Verbrugghen I (alternative spellings: \"Pieter Verbruggen I\", \"Peter van der Brugghen I\", \"Pieter van der Brugghen I\", \"Peter Verbrugghen I\", \"Peeter Verbrugghen I\") (1615, Antwerp – 1686, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor from the Baroque. He was apprenticed in 1625 as a 'beeltsnijder' (sculptor) to Simon de Neef, who was an 'antijcsnijder' (ornamental sculptor). Later he worked under Erasmus Quellinus I and in 1641 he married his", "id": "11276650" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nThomas Quellinus (March 1661 – September 1709), also known, especially in Denmark, as Thomas Qvellinus, was a Flemish baroque sculptor. He was born in Antwerp but worked mainly in Copenhagen, Denmark. He is especially known for the production of grandiose and sumptuous memorial chapels, sepulchral monuments and epitaphs, which can be found in churches throughout Denmark and northern Germany’s Schleswig-Holstein area. His chapels and monuments are dramatically composed, executed in rare, differently coloured types of marble and framed by monumental architectural components.", "id": "11778978" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nscenes and designs for tapestries. Like Rubens, Quellinus was a \"pictor doctus\" with a strong grounding in ancient history and philosophy. He had built an extensive library and art collection. This learning is reflected in the subject matter of his work. Even while he was a frequent collaborator with Rubens’ workshop in the 1630s, Quellinus developed a personal style distinctive from that of Rubens. This style is reminiscent of the Antwerp followers of Caravaggio such as Theodoor Rombouts and Gerard Seghers. Characteristics of this style are the strong modeling", "id": "11150851" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Bosschaert\n\n\nJan Baptist Bosschaert or Jan Baptist Bosschaert the Younger (baptized on 17 December 1667 in Antwerp –1746 in Antwerp) was a Flemish still life painter who is principally known for his decorative still lifes with flowers. He collaborated with figure artists on compositions which combined allegorical or mythological scenes with a still life element. He was active in Antwerp. Jan Baptist Bosschaert was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter-baker Jan Baptist and his second wife Joanna de Bie, the sister of the painter Erasmus de Bie. His", "id": "20819606" }, { "contents": "Wallerant Vaillant\n\n\nWallerant Vaillant (30 May 1623 – 28 August 1677) was a painter of the Dutch Golden Age and one of the first artists to use the mezzotint technique, which he probably helped to develop. Wallerant Vaillant was born in Lille, the oldest of five brothers who all became successful painters. It is said Wallerant was a student of Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) in Antwerp. He moved with his parents in 1643 to Amsterdam. In 1647 he lived in Middelburg, but in 1649 he was back in Amsterdam. In", "id": "8302348" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nHans Bernaert (or Beernart) (1615) and Christoffel de la Fontaine (1633–34). His work is not well known since only a few of his works have survived. Erasmus is primarily known as a sculptor who drew inspiration from antiquity. He worked in the late Renaissance style although his later work shows a development towards early Baroque. The bulk of his commissions consisted of the renovation and replacement of church furniture that had been destroyed during the iconoclastic troubles of the 16th century. Besides decorative work, he is known to", "id": "7355033" }, { "contents": "Rombaut Pauwels\n\n\nbrother of François Duquesnoy, and the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus also worked in this workshop in Rome. They and Rombaut Pauwels brought the moderate Baroque style of François Duquesnoy with them when they returned to the Southern Netherlands. After his return to Flanders, Rombaut Pauwels was active mainly in his hometown Mechelen and in Ghent. Rombaut Pauwels’ pupils included the brothers Hendrik and Jan Matthys. Rombaut Pauwels was a capable sculptor who worked in the classicizing Baroque style pioneered by François Duquesnoy but he lacked the virtuoso technique of his contemporaries Artus Quellinus", "id": "9167166" }, { "contents": "Lucas de Wael\n\n\nLucas de Wael (3 March 1591 – 25 October 1661) was a Flemish painter, engraver and merchant. He was born in Antwerp and worked for some time in Genoa in Italy before returning to Antwerp, where he died. Lucas de Wael was born into an artistic family in Antwerp as the son of the painter Jan de Wael I (1558-1633). His mother Gertrude de Jode came from a family of artists: her father was the cartographer Gerard de Jode and her brother was the engraver Peter de Jode", "id": "2957457" }, { "contents": "Jan van Balen\n\n\nGaspard, Theodoor van Thulden, Jan de Labare and Erasmus Quellinus the Younger on the execution of designs for the gallery on the Meir and the triumphal arch at St. John's Church in Antwerp. The overall design of the decorations was under the direction of Rubens. [[File:Jan Brueghel II, Jan van Balen - The Feast of Bacchus (Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus).jpg|thumb|\"The Feast of Bacchus\", with [[Jan Brueghel the Younger]] Jan van Balen left on 8 September 1639 with his brother Gaspard on", "id": "19729208" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nfor the Council Chamber, is repeated in a painting by Erasmus. This development towards classicist rigidity may reflect the influence of French art with its preference for classicism. Erasmus’ work also gained a theatrical aspect as reflected in the 1652 painting \"Artemisia\" (Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, University of Glasgow). The painting has a theatrical background like a park. This tendency became more evident in the 1660s when his paintings started to include grandiose scenery with flamboyant architecture. This is clear in the \"Let the Children Come", "id": "11150854" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nin particular the marble decorations he and his workshop produced, became an example for other buildings in Amsterdam. The team of sculptors that Artus supervised during his work on the Amsterdam city hall included many sculptors who would become leading sculptors in their own right such as his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Rombout Verhulst, Bartholomeus Eggers and Gabriël Grupello and probably also Grinling Gibbons. He returned to work in Antwerp in 1658 and remained active mainly in this city until his death. His many pupils included his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Martin Deurweerders", "id": "8459223" }, { "contents": "David Teniers III\n\n\nDavid Teniers III, also referred to as David Teniers junior (baptized 10 July 1638 – 2 October 1685) was a Flemish painter and tapestry designer who was mainly active in Antwerp, Madrid and Brussels. He is known for his portraits, religious compositions and genre scenes. David Teniers III was born in Antwerp where he was baptized on July 10 in the St. James' Church. He was a scion of two very prominent artist families from Antwerp: his father was the painter David Teniers the Younger and his mother was Anna", "id": "17442937" }, { "contents": "Gerard Douffet\n\n\nGerard Douffet (6 aug 1594 – 1660/1661), also known as Doufeet or Duffeit, was a Flemish painter. He was born at Liège in 1594, and studied for some time at Antwerp in the school of Rubens, and afterwards in Italy. He composed and designed with good taste, and his historical pictures are much esteemed. 'Pope Nicholas V. at the Tomb of St. Francis of Assisi ' (painted in 1627), 'St. Helena and the true Cross' (painted for the Abbey of St. Lawrence,", "id": "6883668" }, { "contents": "Jan van Buken\n\n\nJan van Buken or Jan van Beucken (10 March 1635 – 6 February 1690) was a Flemish painter mainly known for his genre paintings and still lifes. Jan van Buken was born in Antwerp. He became a master in the Guild of Saint Luke in 1658 where he was registered under the name 'Jan van Beucken'. In the period from 1666 to 1682 he worked in Rome while regularly travelling back to Antwerp. He returned to live in Antwerp after the death of his parents. Jan Baptist Beveren was registered as", "id": "15324731" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ntheir work in this period. His \"Adoration of the Holy Sacrament\" (1646) was painted in this style. From c. 1650 this classicism in his work became rigid and his compositions from this period made use of a limited number of stereotyped and idealized figure types. This stylistic development is evident in the interior decorations he made for the new City Hall of Amsterdam, which he executed in collaboration with his brother Artus. The brothers achieved stylistic agreement in this commission: the \"Judgement of Solomon\", which Artus sculpted", "id": "11150853" }, { "contents": "Nikolaus van Hoy\n\n\nhe would have met in Rome and had later joined him in Brussels. At about 1667 he became the court painter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria. He retained this post until his death in Vienna in 1679. He was succeeded at the court by his son Nickolaus van Hoey the Younger (Antwerp 1660- Vienna ca. 1710). He made landscapes and portraits. He engraved religious scenes and mythological figures adapted from originals of Veronese, Barocci and Raphael. He was one of the", "id": "16812974" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\ngenres including cattle market scenes, Italianate landscapes and village scenes. He is probably best known for his depiction of festivals and processions set in his native Antwerp. His village scenes are reminiscent of the genre scenes of David Teniers the Younger. He also took his inspiration from other Flemish artists. For instance, his composition \"\" likely drew its inspiration from similar paintings representing processions in cities by Flemish artists such as Pieter van Aelst and Erasmus de Bie. He painted many scenes of cattle markets, which offered him the opportunity to", "id": "3658943" }, { "contents": "Jan van den Hecke\n\n\nKunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Archduke Leopold Wilhem must have particularly liked his flower pieces as all of van den Hecke's paintings which he collected were pictures of flowers in vases and baskets and garland paintings. Van Hecke returned to Antwerp around 1657. In 1660 he married Maria Adriana Heyens with whom he had three children. His son, known as Jan van den Hecke II, was born in 1661 and became a popular painter of flowers as well as other types of still life. His two known pupils were Peeter vander Elstraeten (", "id": "14931009" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nLeo van Heil (Brussels, 1605 – c.1664), was a Flemish architect, painter and miniature painter mainly of flowers and insects. He is chiefly remembered for his designs of the Brigittines chapel and the tower of the Saint Nicholas Church, both in Brussels. Leo van Heil was born in Brussels. He had two brothers who were also artists: Jan Baptist van Heil was a portrait painter and Daniel van Heil was a landscape painter specialising in winter scenes or burning fires. When in 1648 Erasmus Quellinus was given the general", "id": "8052850" }, { "contents": "Jan Verhas\n\n\ngovernment awarded him a special subsidy of 1,200 francs and commissioned from him a composition depicting the Battle of Kallo. In 1862 he travelled via Paris and Lyon to Italy, where he made stops in Turin, Milan and Venice. He remained in Venice for two to three months, studying and copying the masters. Lack of funds forced him to leave Italy. He travelled back via Paris where his brother Frans was working at the time. Jan assisted his brother in the execution of several decorative projects. Afterwards he resided in Antwerp", "id": "9399028" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\nPeeter the Elder and Joris became painters. Alexander trained under his father. He became a master in the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1685. On 11 August 1685, he married Cornelia Sporckmans, daughter of the Antwerp history painter Hubert Sporckmans. They had three daughters and six sons of whom Jan Frans became a painter. Alexander van Bredael died in Antwerp. His pupils include his son Jan Frans, Peeter Busschop, Johan Baptist Govaerts, Guielmus van Ryn and Pieter Snyers. Alexander van Bredael painted in a wide variety of", "id": "3658942" }, { "contents": "Filippo Zaniberti\n\n\nFilippo Zaniberti (1585–1636) was an Italian painter of the late Mannerist period. He was born in Brescia and active in Venice, where he became a pupil of Santo Peranda. Zaniberti's style recalls the richness of Paolo Veronese. He painted a \"Mannah in the desert\" for the main altarpiece of the church of Santa Maria Nuova of Venice. He worked alongside the fellow Peranda disciple, Matteo Ponzone, in the decoration of the Ducal palace of Mirandola. He painted a \"Marriage of St Catherine\" for the church", "id": "19300082" }, { "contents": "St. Paul's Church, Antwerp\n\n\ntwisted marble columns. The painting \"Adoration of the shepherds\" by Rubens forms the altar piece. The Maria Chapel also contains a white marble sculpture of \"Our Lady of Sorrows\" by Jan Pieter van Baurscheit de Elder. The church holds elaborate tomb monuments attributed to Johannes van Mildert, Pieter Verbrugghen II and Andries Colyns de Nole. The 17th century organ is regarded as one of the most important organs of Belgium. The monumental organ case was sculpted by Pieter Verbrugghen I after a design by Erasmus Quellinus II. In 1623", "id": "10432986" }, { "contents": "David Teniers the Elder\n\n\nDavid Teniers the Elder (158229 July 1649), Flemish painter, was born at Antwerp. Having received his first training in the painter's art from his brother Juliaen, he studied under Rubens in Antwerp, and subsequently under Elsheimer in Rome; he became a member of the Antwerp guild of painters in 1606. Though his ambition led him at times to try his skill in large religious, historical and mythological compositions, his claim to fame depends chiefly on his landscapes and paintings of peasants carousing, of kermesse scenes and the", "id": "12948361" } ]

[ { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke as a 'wijnmeester', i.e. the son of a member of the Guild. The next year he married Cornelia Teniers, the daughter of painter David Teniers the Younger. Jan Erasmus Quellinus received many commissions including a large commission for paintings destined for Antwerp’s Saint Michael's Abbey. Around 1680 Quellinus worked in Vienna for the Habsburg court as a court painter to Emperor Leopold I. Among other works, the most important commission he completed was a series of 15 ceiling paintings on events in the life", "id": "7354727" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nJan-Erasmus Quellinus or Jan Erasmus Quellinus (1634 in Antwerp – 11 March 1715 in Mechelen) was a Flemish painter and draughtsman and a member of the famous Quellinus family of artists. He was one of the last prominent representatives of the great Flemish school of history and portrait painting in the 17th century. His work displays the classicizing influences of his father Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and Paolo Veronese. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his grandfather Erasmus Quellinus", "id": "7354724" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nwritten as \" Sederboom\"), which means 'cedar tree'. He is also reported to have used another nickname: 'Corpus'. Quellinus later moved to Venice where he resided from circa 1660 to 1661. Here he was influenced by the style of Veronese as is shown by his drawings from that time. During his stay in Northern Italy he was also introduced to the architecture of Palladio, which informed some of the decorative motifs he used in his later compositions. Upon his return to Antwerp in 1661 he joined", "id": "7354726" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof his father’s Classicism. As a result art historians have difficulty attributing some works to either artist. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus developed further on the Classicism of his father linking it with the influence of Paolo Veronese from whom he borrowed grandeur and various dynamic details. Unlike his father he liked to incorporate in his paintings grand architectural elements which were derived from the Palladian buildings he had seen in Northern Italy. As was common practice at the time, he collaborated with specialist painters in Antwerp such as the still life painter Jan Fyt", "id": "7354730" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Elder, his father Erasmus the Younger, and his uncles Artus Quellinus the Elder and Hubertus Quellinus. He was trained by his father from 1649. Jan-Erasmus travelled to Italy where he initially resided in Rome from 1657 to 1659. He became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Jan-Erasmus was given the bent name \"Seederboom\" (also", "id": "7354725" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\none of the leading artistic families in Antwerp, producing sculptors, painters and printmakers who would develop careers in Flanders and abroad. Father Erasmus Quellinus I, a sculptor, had moved from Sint-Truiden to Antwerp. The brothers of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger were both artists: Artus (1609-1668) was a leading Baroque sculptor and Hubertus (1619-1687) an engraver. Erasmus Quellinus II became a student of Jan-Baptist Verhaeghe, an obscure artist, in 1633. He became a master of the Antwerp Guild", "id": "11150843" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Me\" of 1664 (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels). These later compositions possible reflect an influence by the early work of his son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. As was common in Antwerp at the time, Quellinus collaborated with other painters. He worked with still life specialists on still lifes and portraits. Many of the still lifes fall into the category of ‘garland paintings’. Garland paintings are a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder.", "id": "11150855" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus the Younger and Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) was a Flemish painter, engraver, draughtsman and tapestry designer who worked in various genres including history, portrait, battle and animal paintings. He was a pupil of Peter Paul Rubens and was one of the closest collaborators of Rubens in the 1630s. Following Rubens’ death in 1640 he became one of the most prolific and successful painters in Flanders. Erasmus Quellinus II was born in Antwerp as the son of Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden. The Quellinus family became", "id": "11150842" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus I or Erasmus Quellinus the Elder (alternate names: Erasmus Quellinck, Erasme Quellin (I)) (Sint-Truiden, 1584 - Antwerp, 22 January 1640) was a Flemish sculptor best known for classically inspired ornamentation work and copies after the antique. He was the founder of an important Antwerp dynasty of artists. Details of his early life and training have not survived. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1606. He married Betje van Uden, the sister of the painter Lucas van", "id": "7355031" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nHis brothers became prominent artists: Erasmus was a painter and Hubertus was an engraver and painter. His sister Cornelia married his father’s pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. Artus Quellinus received his first training from his father. In the period from 1635 to 1639 he trained in Rome in the studio of his compatriot François Duquesnoy. He spent time in Lyon together with the Flemish painter Laureys Franck and was in contact there with the Dutch engraver Nicolaas van Helt Stockade and the Dutch painter Jan Asselijn. He returned to Antwerp", "id": "8459221" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\n, Joseph van den Kerckhoven, Davit van den Heuvel, Francis Cools, Allowisius de Meyere, Jan-Baptist Hyacint Breydel, Gaspar (or Jasper) de Cantelbeeck (1685-86), Jan François Blondeau and Jacobus Blondeau (1697-98). From 1712 the artist resided and worked in Mechelen where he died on 11 March 1715. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was principally a history painter who also painted the occasional portrait. He had an extensive output supported by a large workshop. His style is closely related to that", "id": "7354729" }, { "contents": "Anthoni Schoonjans\n\n\nMarch 1655. He became in the Guild year 1668-1669 in Antwerp an apprentice of Erasmus Quellinus II and that master's son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. From 1674 to 1677 the artist resided in Reims and he also spent some time in Paris. In 1674 his mother met up with her son Anthoni in Reims. He left France and from 6 January 1675 he resided in Rome, where he familiarised himself with the Italian Baroque. He shared in Rome a residence with the flower painter Carel de Vogelaer in Via Margutta.", "id": "9299848" }, { "contents": "Nicolaes van Verendael\n\n\nteacher of someone referred to as 'priest Cano' and the flower painter Jean Baptiste Morel. Van Verendael mainly painted flower pieces, vanitas still lifes and a few allegorical scenes with monkeys. His dated works are from the period between 1659 and 1690. He was highly regarded from an early age when he started working with some of the leading Antwerp painters such as David Teniers the Younger, Gonzales Coques, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Boeckhorst, Carstian Luyckx and Jan Davidsz. de Heem. His early work shows the influence of", "id": "18460769" }, { "contents": "Theodoor Boeyermans\n\n\n' dated works are dated between 1660 and 1677. He was mainly a painter of history and allegorical paintings. The artist received many important commissions for churches in his native Antwerp, the Kempen region and in Malines, but made his name in his hometown by painting secular compositions. He also painted group portraits. Together with Jan-Erasmus Quellinus, Boeyermans was one of the last important 17th-century Flemish history painters. His style was influenced by Rubens and van Dyck but he favoured a darker palette than those two artists.", "id": "6673291" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin 1662. On 9 November 1663, Erasmus Quellinus II married Françoise de Fren. De Fren was the daughter of the well-off André de Fren, secretary of the Council of Brabant, and the sister of Isabella de Fren, who was married to the court painter David Teniers II. In 1665 Quellinus designed a cenotaph for the deceased Philip IV of Spain and the decorations for the Joyous Entry of Don Francisco de Moura as governor of the Habsburg Netherlands. Erasmus Quellinus II died in Antwerp on 7 November 1678. His", "id": "11150849" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Antwerp from Rome around 1640. Artus worked in a classicizing style of Baroque under the influence of his compatriot, the sculptor François Duquesnoy, in whose workshop in Rome he had worked. This style had in turn been influenced by the Classicism of Annibale Carracci. The two brothers would from then on work together on various projects and mutually influence each other. After Rubens’ death in 1640 Erasmus Quellinus became one of the leading history painters of Flanders. He received many commissions for altarpieces in the region. In 1648 he was", "id": "11150847" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ncommissioned to make the decorations for the Joyous Entry of the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm into Antwerp, thus playing the same role as Rubens 13 years earlier for the Joyous Entry of Ferdinand. He made the decorations for the announcement of the Treaty of Westphalia in the same year. Around 1656 Erasmus worked in Amsterdam where his brother Artus was responsible for the decoration of the new City Hall. Erasmus assisted in this project and the brothers also collaborated on other commissions. Erasmus painted altarpieces for clandestine Catholic churches in Amsterdam. His first wife died", "id": "11150848" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\npupils included his son Jan Erasmus Quellinus, Guilliam Forchondt (II), Julius de Geest, Willem de Ryck, Anthoni Schoonjans, Wallerant Vaillant and Remacle Serin. Erasmus Quellinus II was a very versatile artist who worked in various genres. He received numerous commissions for altarpieces depicting Counter-Reformation themes for churches and monasteries throughout the Southern Netherlands. He also received many civic commissions which allowed him to show his learning in the depiction of scenes from ancient history and mythology and allegorical compositions. In addition, he produced portraits, battle", "id": "11150850" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof Saint Luke in 1633-1634. In the 1630s, the artist worked and likely studied in the workshop of Rubens and regularly collaborated on projects with Rubens. In 1634 Erasmus II married Catharina de Hemelaer, a niece of Jan de Hemelaer, the deacon of Antwerp Cathedral. Their son Jan Erasmus followed in his father’s footsteps and became a painter. From the notes made by his son Jan Erasmus in the margin of his copy of Cornelis de Bie’s book of artist biographies entitled Het Gulden Cabinet, it is known", "id": "11150844" }, { "contents": "Jan van Kessel the Elder\n\n\na figure painter was responsible for the figure or other image in the cartouche. His collaborators on garland paintings are believed to have included his uncle David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus the Elder, Hendrick van Balen the Elder, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly Jan Boeckhorst. An example of a collaborative garland painting made by Jan van Kessel and David Teniers the Younger is the composition (c. 1660-1670, Louvre). In this work Jan van Kessel painted a decorative garland representing the four elements around a cartouche showing a young", "id": "16247184" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin the Hermitage Museum, a collaboration with Frans Ykens. Quellinus further collaborated with the animal and still life painter Jan Fyt on portraits such as the \"Portrait of a young boy\" (Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp) of c. 1650. Quellinus also collaborated with animal painters Peter Boel and genre painter Jan van Kessel the Elder. Erasmus Quellinus II executed various tapestry designs. In 1649 he produced the designs for a tapestry series depicting the \"History of the Thurn and Taxis Family\" (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of", "id": "11150857" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nHe was a member of the well-known Quellinus family of artists from 17th century Antwerp, major center of artistic life then known as \"the Florence of the North\". Thomas Quellinus was born in Antwerp to the leading Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus II and Anna Maria Gabron, and was baptised on 17 March 1661. He trained in his father’s workshop in the art of sculpture. After completing his apprenticeship with his father, he went to London, England, where he worked with his brother Artus Quellinus III. While", "id": "11778979" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nArtus Quellinus also known as Artus (Arnoldus) Quellijn, Artus Quellinus I or Artus Quellinus the Elder (20 or 30 August 1609, Antwerp  – 23 August 1668, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor. He is regarded as the most important representative of the Baroque in sculpture in the Southern Netherlands. His work had a major influence on the development of sculpture in Northern Europe. Artus Quellinus the Elder was born into an artistic family. He was the son of the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden.", "id": "8459220" }, { "contents": "Jan Pieter Brueghel\n\n\nJan Pieter Brueghel or Jan Pieter Breughel (29 August 1628 (baptised) – 1664) was a Flemish Baroque painter specialised in flower still lifes. Brueghel was born in Antwerp. He was the son of Jan Brueghel the Younger and Anna-Maria Janssens. He joined the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645 as \"wijnmeester\". He died in Italy, after 1664, and is known for flower still lifes. He created many garland paintings on which he collaborated with other painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II who painted the", "id": "10461841" }, { "contents": "Pieter Boel\n\n\nBoel got to know the work of the Genoese artist Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione and the still life painter Giuseppe Recco. He learned from these Italian masters to heighten the dramatic effect of his canvases by emphasizing the shadows. He also used red drapes in the background, a Baroque element par excellence, to enhance the atmosphere of his compositions. Boel is known to have collaborated with fellow Antwerp artists Erasmus Quellinus II and Jacob Jordaens, who painted the human figures in his compositions. Boel was accomplished in large-scale vanitas paintings depicting an", "id": "20560716" }, { "contents": "Pieter Bruegel the Elder\n\n\n(grandson of Jan Bruegel the Elder) and Jan van Kessel the Younger. Through David Teniers, the family is also related to the whole Teniers family of painters and the Quellinus family of painters and sculptors, since Jan-Erasmus Quellinus married Cornelia, daughter of David Teniers the Younger. Bruegel's art was long more highly valued by collectors than critics. His friend Abraham Ortelius described him in a friendship album in 1574 as \"the most perfect painter of his century\", but both Vasari and Van Mander see him as", "id": "17084192" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nflowers. The subject of vanitas as depicted here was unusual for van Utrecht and shows that his role in the development of new types of still life has not been sufficiently recognized in art-historical literature. As was common in Antwerp’s art sector at the time, van Utrecht collaborated with other specialist artists, typically figure painters. He is known to have provided the still life elements in paintings by Jacob Jordaens, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Cossiers, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. He is believed to have also collaborated with David Teniers", "id": "18461245" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nHubertus Quellinus or Hubert Quellinus (August 15, 1619, Antwerp – 1687) was a Flemish printmaker, draughtsman and painter and a member of the prominent Quellinus family of artists. His engravings after the work of his brother, the Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder, were instrumental in the spread of the Flemish Baroque idiom in Europe in the second half of the 17th century. Hubertus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his father Erasmus Quellinus the Elder and his brothers,", "id": "8520392" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus III\n\n\nArtus Quellinus III (1653, Antwerp – December 1686, London) was a Flemish sculptor active in London. His name is often anglicised to Arnold Quellan, Arnold Quellin or Arnold Quellinus or mistakenly given as \"Jan Quellinus\". He was the son of Artus Quellinus II and brother to the sculptor Thomas Quellinus and the painter Cornelis Quellinus He trained in his father's workshop in Antwerp before moving to London in 1682. He was married to Frances Siberechts, youngest daughter of the Antwerp-born painter Jan Siberechts, who had", "id": "13748725" }, { "contents": "Flemish Baroque painting\n\n\npainters combined a local influence from Rubens with knowledge of classicism and Italian Baroque qualities. Artists in the vein include Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Jan van den Hoecke, Pieter van Lint, Cornelis Schut, and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Later in the century, many painters turned to Anthony van Dyck as a major influence. Among them were Pieter Thijs, Lucas Franchoys the Younger, and artists who were also inspired by Late Baroque theatricality such as Theodoor Boeyermans and Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. Additionally, a Flemish variant of \"Caravaggism\"", "id": "6030293" }, { "contents": "Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen\n\n\nthe principal representatives of Flemish high baroque sculpture. The father had been a pupil of Erasmus Quellinus I, who was himself the founder of a prominent family of artists. The father married the daughter of his master Erasmus Quellinus. From this marriage Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was born. His brother Pieter Verbrugghen II was also a sculptor and worked in the workshop of his father. Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was trained by his father. Nonetheless, he did not start his career as a sculptor but as a draughtsman working with the illuminator Jan Ruyselinck", "id": "10070115" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nand Londerzeel. Many of his paintings can be regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. He often worked from prints made after the works of these masters to create his own compositions. An example is the (Prado Museum), which is based on a print after Rafael", "id": "11181884" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Rubens pupil Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and the prominent sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. In 1650 he traveled to Rome where he joined the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Hubertus was given the bent name \"Saracin\". Quellinus was in Amsterdam by 1660 where he collaborated on a publication, which consisted of two parts: the first part consisted of 30 plates depicting the Amsterdam", "id": "8520393" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\ncompleted the frontal decoration of the organ in the Antwerp cathedral, based on a design made by Erasmus Quellinus II. He and his workshop made the oak confessionals in the St. Paul's Church in Antwerp (between 1658 and 1660). He made the oak organ case in that church in collaboration with Artus Quellinus the Elder in 1654, and together with his son Pieter Verbrugghen II he executed the designs for the high altar in 1670. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known creations. The", "id": "11276653" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nArtus Quellinus II or Artus Quellinus the Younger (alternative first name: Arnold; variation on family name: Quellijn, Quellyn, Quellien, Quellin, Quellinius) (between 10 and 20 November 1625, Sint-Truiden – 22 November 1700, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor who played an important role in the evolution of Northern-European sculpture from High Baroque to Late Baroque. Artus Quellinus II was born into an artistic family. His uncle was the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I, whose son was Artus Quellinus I,", "id": "13073282" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Some of these works are now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. He returned to Antwerp where between the years 1685 and 1712 he worked on many commissions for churches in Antwerp and throughout Flanders. He also had many pupils including Anthoni Schoonjans, Simon de Marets, Jan Carel van Eyck, Guiliam Draeger (1668-69), Christoffel Franciscus Ponsel, Jacobus de Play (1669-1670), Peeter Heymans, Franciscus Carnonckel, Franciscus Cuylen, Hieronymus Galle (1673-74)", "id": "7354728" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nthat Erasmus II obtained a degree in philosophy. This explains the fact that he wrote a philosophical tract entitled \"Philosophia\", which was recorded in the 1679 inventory of his estate. Quellinus became a regular collaborator with Rubens from 1635. He first worked on the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the new governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand. Rubens was in overall charge of this project. Quellinus made decorative paintings after designs by Rubens of which six have survived. In the period 1636-1638 Rubens", "id": "11150845" }, { "contents": "Joannes Chrysostomus Teniers\n\n\n. As abbot he took the motto \"Tene Quod Bene\" (\"Hold on to what is good\", 1 Thessalonians 5, verse 21). Teniers died in Antwerp on 30 November 1709. His portrait painted by Jan-Erasmus Quellinus is inside Tongerlo Abbey. Teniers had some reputation as a preacher and a manuscript of his sermons for feastdays was preserved in the monastery library, as well as two volumes of his notes on the works of St Augustine. One of Teniers' poems was published in the preliminary matter", "id": "1158593" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nThese paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Erasmus Quellinus II collaborated on garland paintings with still life specialists, such as his brother-in-law Jan Philip van Thielen, Daniel Seghers, Jan Pieter Brueghel, Frans Ykens, Peter Willebeeck and Jan Anton van der Baren. These collaborators painted the flower garland while Quellinus painted the figures and architectural setting. An example is the \"Holy Family in a Wreath of Flowers\"", "id": "11150856" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\n’ workshop received a large commission to make mythological decorations for the hunting pavilion Torre de la Parada of the Spanish king Philip IV near Madrid. For this project Quellinus painted decorations after oil sketches by Rubens some of which have been preserved (Prado Museum). In early 1637 Quellinus drew frontispieces for the Antwerp printing house Plantin Press according to Rubens’ instructions regarding iconography and layout. These drawings were in Quellinus’ own style as Rubens let him a free hand in the design of the modelli. His brother Artus Quellinus I returned", "id": "11150846" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nwith living people and animals. Van Utrecht also painted a number of flower still lifes. He was a regular collaborator with leading Antwerp painters who had been pupils or assistants of Peter Paul Rubens, such as Jacob Jordaens, David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus II, Gerard Seghers, Theodoor Rombouts, Abraham van Diepenbeeck and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Adriaen van Utrecht was born in Antwerp as the son of Abel van Utrecht en Anne Huybrecht. In 1614 he became a pupil of Herman de Neyt, a painter and art dealer who", "id": "18461230" }, { "contents": "Baroque sculpture\n\n\nof a family of famous sculptors and painters, and son of another sculptor, Erasmus Quellinus. He settled in Antwerp in 1639. He became close to Rubens, and his work applied many of the principles of the compositions of Rubens to sculpture. Another important Belgian Baroque sculptor was Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen (1654–1724), who carved very elaborate sculptures, full of biblical scenes, flora and fauna,allegories and symbols for the ceremonial puppets the cathedrals and churches in Brussels, Louvain, Antwerp, Mechelen, and other cities. Early", "id": "16040697" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nwas back in Antwerp in 1657 and became an Antwerp burgher on 11 May 1663. His wife died on 15 October 1668 and the next year Artus remarried to Cornelia Volders. In the latter part of his life Quellinus received many commissions, primarily for church furnishings and tomb sculptures. His pupils include Alexander van Papenhoven, Thomas Quellinus, Jan van den Steen, (1633–1723), the Master of the St. Luke in Antwerp, Cornelis van Scheyck (1679–1680); Balten Rubbens (1685–1686); Adriaen Govaerts (1690–91) and", "id": "13073285" }, { "contents": "Peter Ykens\n\n\ntrained 28 pupils including Karel Breydel, Erasmus Causse, Gaspaer Janssens, Jan Thomas van Kessel, Henderick van Mael, Francis Scalie, Jan Baptist Kretsaert and Jacob Leyssens. His eldest son Jan Frans became a staffage painter who collaborated with still life painters of flowers and fruit. He died in Antwerp. He painted portraits and Christian religious representations and made a large number of altarpieces and paintings for local churches and palaces. As was the custom in Antwerp at the time, he often worked together with other painters who were specialists in", "id": "8049116" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\n. The couple had six children of whom three became artists: Artus Quellinus III and Thomas Quellinus were both successful sculptors whereas Cornelis Quellinus became a painter about whom little is known. The young Artus joined his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Amsterdam around 1653 where he became one of the members of the team of artists that worked under the direction of Artus I on the decoration of the newly built City Hall on the Dam Square. The artist traveled to Italy and probably visited Turin, Florence and Rome between 1655 and 1657. He", "id": "13073284" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nUden. The couple had three sons: Erasmus, who would become a painter and engraver, Artus, who would follow in his father’s footsteps and become a sculptor, and Hubertus, who became an engraver and painter. His daughter Cornelia Quellinus married his pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. He was the teacher of Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder, Melchior Charles, Wallerant Vaillant, Joos Sterck (1607); Rombout Claes (1609), Melchior van der Lanen (1612), Hans Franscoys (1614),", "id": "7355032" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nfurther inspired by the cult of veneration and devotion to Mary prevalent at the Habsburg court (then the rulers over the Southern Netherlands) and in Antwerp generally. Garland paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image, portrait or other religious symbol (such as the host). The paintings are usually a collaboration between a flower painter and a staffage painter. Van Thielen produced multiple garland paintings in collaboration with other artists. His collaborators included his brother-in-law Erasmus Quellinus II, Nicolas de Largilliere, Jan van", "id": "12866287" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nhe was the brother-in-law of Erasmus Quellinus II. Erasmus Quelllinus was married to the sister of his wife and would become one of the leading history painters in Flanders after the deaths of Rubens and van Dyck. Quellinus drew van Thielens’ portrait that was engraved by Richard Collin for Cornelis de Bie's book of artist biographies Het Gulden Cabinet. Van Thielen and his wife had 9 children. Because he liked flower painting he changed masters in 1641 and began training with Daniel Seghers, the leading flower painter in Flanders", "id": "12866282" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nbe regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. Typical examples of his work are the painting \"A Poor Company at Table in a Rustic Kitchen\" held by the National Trust at Tyntesfield and oil on copper religious paintings, such as \"Daniel in the Lion's Den\"", "id": "11181882" }, { "contents": "Mattheus Borrekens\n\n\nAntwerp on 25 December 1670. Mattheus Borrekens was mainly a reproductive printmaker. He made prints after the work of leading Flemish painters of his time such as Rubens, van Dyck, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Abraham van Diepenbeeck, Jan Thomas van Ieperen, Pieter van Lint and Cornelis Schut. He mainly concentrated on Christian religious subjects and portraits. He also engraved frontispieces of publications such as Christophe Butkens's\"Trophées tant sacrés et profanes du Duché de Brabant\". 1724-1726. For this publication he engraved after a design by van Diepenbeeck", "id": "2345697" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nmaster’s daughter, Cornelia Quellinus. Through his marriage he became the brother in law of the leading Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1641 and in 1659 he became the deacon of the Guild. His first wife died in 1662, and he remarried in 1665, to Elisabeth Lemmens. He was the father of the sculptors Pieter Verbrugghen II and Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen. His daughter Suzanna married the sculptor Peeter Meesens. His pupils included some of the leading representatives of the", "id": "11276651" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nhave made individual statues, none of which have survived. In 1635 he was awarded the contract to make the pulpit of the St. Elisabeth Hospital in Antwerp. This work is an example of early Baroque in Antwerp and shows Erasmus’ mastery of balance and symmetry, even though there is no sense of realism. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known commissions. He made the original design for the pulpit, which, after his death, was somewhat changed by his son Artus while Pieter Verbrugghen", "id": "7355034" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Barbé\n\n\nNicolaas Lauwers for infringement of privileges relating to prints he had created, he received the support of Rubens. Barbé married Christien (or Christina) Wierix, the daughter of the prominent engraver and publisher Hieronymus Wierix on 30 March 1620. According to the contemporary notes of the painter Erasmus Quellinus II, Barbé was a very ugly person, while his daughter, who was a gifted engraver, was counted among 'the most beautiful women of Antwerp'. Hieronymus Wierix , the father of his wife, had died in 1619 before the", "id": "20064889" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nthe most successful Flemish Baroque sculptor of the mid 17th century. Artus II is likely to have received his training as a sculptor from his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Antwerp to where he must have moved from his native city of Sint-Truiden (then in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, now in the Belgian province of Limburg). Artus Quellinus II became a master of the Guild of Saint Luke in Antwerp in 1650–51. Artus Quellinus II married Anna Maria Gabron, the sister of the painter Willem Gabron, in 1653", "id": "13073283" }, { "contents": "Daniel Seghers\n\n\n, the collaborators are not always known with certainty. It is known he often worked with Cornelis Schut, Erasmus Quellinus II, Abraham van Diepenbeek, Simon de Vos, Jan van den Hoecke, Gonzales Coques and Rubens. Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert is also mentioned as his collaborator. It is possible that Seghers collaborated with Rubens on a garland painting for the Saint Carolus Borromeus church in Antwerp. During his stay in Rome he also collaborated with Poussin and Domenichino. Unlike in his later collaborations, Seghers is believed to have added flower garlands", "id": "7240113" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nErasmus de Bie (1629 in Antwerp – 1675 in Antwerp) was a Flemish Baroque painter known for his city views and genre scenes. He depicted several lively scenes of large public celebrations in his hometown of Antwerp. It is not clear whether the views of Italianate cities and landscapes attributed to him are the work of Adriaen de Bie, a Flemish painter from Lier who worked in Italy for a while. Very little is known about the life of Erasmus de Bie. He was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter", "id": "4566739" }, { "contents": "Willem Gabron\n\n\n. He was first registered in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke as a ‘wijnmeester’ (i.e. son of a master of the Guild) in the guild year 1640-41, along with his younger brother Antoon. His sister Anna Maria married the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Younger. Gabron travelled to Rome, at the latest by 1646. Here he became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the", "id": "12740318" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nBaroque painter, and the engraving of the frontispiece was made by Jacob Neefs (Antwerp, June 3, 1610 – 1660), also after a design by Erasmus Quellinus the Younger. Christoffel Plantin (1520–1589), grandfather of Balthasar Moretus, set up his printing shop called 'De Gulden Passer' (Golden Compasses) in Antwerp in 1555, publishing both Catholic and Protestant literature. This Frenchman, who fled his native country to Antwerp to escape the persecution during the 1540s, was the best-known printer of his time", "id": "2235324" }, { "contents": "Jan Anton van der Baren\n\n\nare a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder. These paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Van der Baren collaborated on garland paintings with other painters, such as Erasmus Quellinus II and the Flemish émigré painter Nikolaus van Hoy. These collaborators painted the devotional image while van der Baren painted the flower garland. An example is the \"Garland of flowers surrounding the Holy Family", "id": "16752890" }, { "contents": "Jacob de Formentrou\n\n\nthe conclusion that the painting is not a collaboration between all the artists whose works are represented in the painting but rather represents the combined effort of de Formentrou and Erasmus Quellinus II, a leading Antwerp painter. F. G. Meijer on the other hand believes that the composition is a collaboration between all of the artists whose work are depicted. He attributes the composition and the various pictures depicted in it as follows: The painting can be read as a reference to connoisseurship, and in particular the connoisseur's activity of evaluating the authorship of", "id": "8771731" }, { "contents": "Nicolaas van Eyck\n\n\nstarted to study in 1632. He was a captain of a local schutterij and this may be a reason why he painted military scenes. He was friends with the flower painter Jan Philip van Thielen, who had also been a pupil of Rombouts. Van Eyck was godfather to at least one of van Thielen's nine children. He was the teacher of Pieter Hofman. His sons Nicolaas II and Jan Carel van Eyck became painters. Jan Carel was a student of Jan Erasmus Quellinus and spent time in Italy. Nicolaas van Eyck", "id": "8735899" }, { "contents": "Philips Augustijn Immenraet\n\n\nwould paint the landscape while the other specialist painters would take care of other aspects of the painting such as staffage, architecture, animals or still life elements. A collaboration with Erasmus Quellinus II is reported by the Dutch biographer Arnold Houbraken. The Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium holds the 1672 painting \"The Legend of William Tell shown to the Antwerp Guild of St Sebastian\", which is a collaboration between Immenraet, Wilhelm Schubert van Ehrenberg (who painted the architecture) and Karel-Emmanuel Biset. He also worked with", "id": "10869502" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nUniversity – the same city where Jan Baptist Zangrius was also active. Here Lobkowitz published a major work titled \"Theologia Moralis ad prima, eaque clarissima principia reducta\" printed by Perus Zangrius (Lovanii, typis ac sumptibus Petrus Zangrius, 1645). His book titled \"Philippus Prudens\" containing some hatched arms was published in 1639 by Balthasar Moretus in Antwerp. The coats of arms were engraved by Cornelius Galle the Younger, after the drawings of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger (Antwerp, 1607 - Antwerp, 1678), a Flemish", "id": "2235323" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nFrans de Bie the Elder. He was baptised on 20 December 1629 in the St. Walburga church in Antwerp. He became a pupil of David Ryckaert III in 1641 and was admitted as a master in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645-1646. He married Catharina Douglas, called de Schot (the Scot), and was the father of Frans and Jan Baptist de Bie, who both became painters. Jan Baptist emigrated to Vienna where he remained active. Erasmus de Bie had pupils in 1660 and in 1666,", "id": "4566740" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck (III)\n\n\nSnellinck the Younger was a genre and history painter. His great-grandfather was the prominent Flemish painter and art dealer Jan Snellinck the Elder, who was originally from Mechelen and worked most of his career in Antwerp. Jan Snellinck (III)'s grand-uncles Daniel and Gerard were also painters. Very little is known about the life of Jan Snellinck (III). He likely trained with his father. He was active in Rotterdam for his entire career. The death date and place of Jan Snellinck are not known but", "id": "10515381" }, { "contents": "Anton Goubau\n\n\nat the front on the right, which expresses the transience of power and fame. In addition to his cityscapes, Goubau painted many religious compositions, especially designed for churches in Antwerp. He also made a number of religious paintings on copper as part of a series made for the Spanish market to which other Flemish painters such as Willem van Herp, Erasmus Quellinus II, and possibly Abraham Willemsens contributed. The series is now kept in the Convent of las Comendadoras de Santiaga in Madrid. He painted portraits as evidenced by the portrait", "id": "4569148" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof forms achieved through a sculptural use of light. Quellinus’ oldest known work is the 1634 \"Adoration of the Shepherds\" (Alte Pinakothek, Munich), which is in this Caravaggesque mode. From the 1640s, his style took on a classicizing aspect and a sculptured look. Erasmus never travelled to Italy so this stylistic development was likely influenced by the work of his brother Artus, who introduced his own style of classicizing Baroque in Flemish sculpture after returning from Rome in 1640. Both brothers depicted similar idealizing Antique figures in", "id": "11150852" }, { "contents": "Jan Siberechts\n\n\nEngland around 1672 and spent the first three years in England painting decorations in the Duke’s newly built Cliveden House at Taplow, Buckinghamshire, England. From the second part of the 1670s and in the 1680s he travelled widely in England completing numerous commissions for aristocratic clients. He lived in London where one of his daughters was a lace-maker for the Queen. His younger daughter, Frances, married the Flemish émigré sculptor Artus Quellinus III (known in England as 'Arnold Quellinus') and, after being widowed, John", "id": "14682967" }, { "contents": "Jan Fyt\n\n\n, Fyt collaborated regularly with other painters who were specialist in other areas such as figure, landscape or architectural painting. He thus relied on figure painters such as Cornelius Schut, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly on occasion Jacob Jordaens and on figure and architectural painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II. Jan Fyt produced many drawings of animals based usually on studies from nature. The Hermitage holds a large gouache drawing of a \"\". It is rich in colour and carefully executed and was likely intended as a model for tapestry cartoon. Fyt", "id": "1007601" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nartistic direction over the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the newly appointed governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, Leo van Heil worked as Quellinus' architectural assistant. The Archduke became his patron and appointed him as his court architect and commissioned various projects from van Heil, including a stone gate for the Archduke's palace in Brussels. The painter and printmaker Renier Meganck, who later worked as a court painter in Vienna, became a pupil of Leo van Heil in Brussels in 1656. In his time Leo van", "id": "8052851" }, { "contents": "Gerard Seghers\n\n\nGerard Seghers (1591 in Antwerp – 18 March 1651 in Antwerp) was a Flemish painter, art collector and art dealer. After a period of study of study and residence in Rome, he returned to Flanders where he became one of the leading representatives of the Flemish Caravaggisti movement. In his later career he abandoned the Caravaggist style and genre motifs to become an important painter of large altarpieces for local churches. Gerard Seghers was born in Antwerp as the son of innkeeper Jan Seghers and his wife Ida de Neve. He was", "id": "7355415" }, { "contents": "Jacob Leyssens\n\n\nJacob Leyssens or Jacob Lyssens (nickname Notenkraker) (1661, Antwerp - 1710, Antwerp), was a Flemish painter and decorator. After training in Antwerp, he spent a long time in Rome. After his return to Antwerp, he was active as a painter and decorator and collaborated with prominent Antwerp still life painters such as Gaspar Peeter Verbruggen the Younger and Jan Baptist Bosschaert. He was a student of Peter Ykens in 1674. He travelled to Rome at a young age as he is mentioned there in 1680. He", "id": "13757002" }, { "contents": "Francesco Ruschi\n\n\nFrancesco Ruschi was an Italian painter born in Rome around 1610. He studied in Rome under Giuseppe Cesari (Cavalier d'Arpino), Francesco Albani and Pietro da Cortona. His work also shows the influence of Caravaggio. He settled in Venice before 1629. He became a friend of the writer Giovan Francesco Loredan, for whom he drew the cover pages of several works. He moved to Treviso from 1656, and died there in 1661. Ruschi was influenced by the paintings of Paolo Veronese in his academic and decorative interpretations. These include", "id": "14035066" }, { "contents": "St. Peter in Chains Church (Beringen)\n\n\nor Vandereyt) and date from the late 17th century. Jan Rutten from Sint-Truiden completed the stalls after the death of Laurens Vandenreyt. The Baroque high altar contains a painting representing Christ on the cross attributed to the Antwerp painter Erasmus Quellinus II. The side altars are portico altars and contain the Baroque paintings \" Assumption and Coronation of Mary\" and the \"Finding of the Cross\", both by Anton Goubau. The rood screen is neogothic. The organ was manufactured in 1853 by Henri Vermeersch from Duffel and is the", "id": "12887333" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck\n\n\nJan Snellinck or Jan Snellinck (I) (Mechelen, c. 1548 – Antwerp, 1 October 1638) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and designer of tapestries, prints and frescoes. He is known for his large altarpieces and was also recognized as a leading battle painter in his time. Snellinck was active as an art dealer and art collector. Jan Snellinck was born in Mechelen as the son of Daniël Snellinck I, a painter and hawker, and Cornelia Verhulst (alias: Bessemeers). His mother came from a family", "id": "12059012" }, { "contents": "Paul de Vos\n\n\n. De Vos was able to develop his own personal style that accentuated abrupt movement, the gruesome aspects of hunts, used warmer colours and a broader brush stroke than Snyders. He also expanded the iconographic tradition with scenes of fighting cats and horses attacked by wolves. As was common amongst artists in 17th-century Antwerp, De Vos frequently collaborated with other painters. He collaborated with Rubens, Anthony van Dyck (, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg), Erasmus Quellinus II, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert, Adriaen van Utrecht and Jan Wildens", "id": "4556665" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nPieter Verbrugghen I (alternative spellings: \"Pieter Verbruggen I\", \"Peter van der Brugghen I\", \"Pieter van der Brugghen I\", \"Peter Verbrugghen I\", \"Peeter Verbrugghen I\") (1615, Antwerp – 1686, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor from the Baroque. He was apprenticed in 1625 as a 'beeltsnijder' (sculptor) to Simon de Neef, who was an 'antijcsnijder' (ornamental sculptor). Later he worked under Erasmus Quellinus I and in 1641 he married his", "id": "11276650" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nThomas Quellinus (March 1661 – September 1709), also known, especially in Denmark, as Thomas Qvellinus, was a Flemish baroque sculptor. He was born in Antwerp but worked mainly in Copenhagen, Denmark. He is especially known for the production of grandiose and sumptuous memorial chapels, sepulchral monuments and epitaphs, which can be found in churches throughout Denmark and northern Germany’s Schleswig-Holstein area. His chapels and monuments are dramatically composed, executed in rare, differently coloured types of marble and framed by monumental architectural components.", "id": "11778978" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nscenes and designs for tapestries. Like Rubens, Quellinus was a \"pictor doctus\" with a strong grounding in ancient history and philosophy. He had built an extensive library and art collection. This learning is reflected in the subject matter of his work. Even while he was a frequent collaborator with Rubens’ workshop in the 1630s, Quellinus developed a personal style distinctive from that of Rubens. This style is reminiscent of the Antwerp followers of Caravaggio such as Theodoor Rombouts and Gerard Seghers. Characteristics of this style are the strong modeling", "id": "11150851" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Bosschaert\n\n\nJan Baptist Bosschaert or Jan Baptist Bosschaert the Younger (baptized on 17 December 1667 in Antwerp –1746 in Antwerp) was a Flemish still life painter who is principally known for his decorative still lifes with flowers. He collaborated with figure artists on compositions which combined allegorical or mythological scenes with a still life element. He was active in Antwerp. Jan Baptist Bosschaert was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter-baker Jan Baptist and his second wife Joanna de Bie, the sister of the painter Erasmus de Bie. His", "id": "20819606" }, { "contents": "Wallerant Vaillant\n\n\nWallerant Vaillant (30 May 1623 – 28 August 1677) was a painter of the Dutch Golden Age and one of the first artists to use the mezzotint technique, which he probably helped to develop. Wallerant Vaillant was born in Lille, the oldest of five brothers who all became successful painters. It is said Wallerant was a student of Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) in Antwerp. He moved with his parents in 1643 to Amsterdam. In 1647 he lived in Middelburg, but in 1649 he was back in Amsterdam. In", "id": "8302348" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nHans Bernaert (or Beernart) (1615) and Christoffel de la Fontaine (1633–34). His work is not well known since only a few of his works have survived. Erasmus is primarily known as a sculptor who drew inspiration from antiquity. He worked in the late Renaissance style although his later work shows a development towards early Baroque. The bulk of his commissions consisted of the renovation and replacement of church furniture that had been destroyed during the iconoclastic troubles of the 16th century. Besides decorative work, he is known to", "id": "7355033" }, { "contents": "Rombaut Pauwels\n\n\nbrother of François Duquesnoy, and the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus also worked in this workshop in Rome. They and Rombaut Pauwels brought the moderate Baroque style of François Duquesnoy with them when they returned to the Southern Netherlands. After his return to Flanders, Rombaut Pauwels was active mainly in his hometown Mechelen and in Ghent. Rombaut Pauwels’ pupils included the brothers Hendrik and Jan Matthys. Rombaut Pauwels was a capable sculptor who worked in the classicizing Baroque style pioneered by François Duquesnoy but he lacked the virtuoso technique of his contemporaries Artus Quellinus", "id": "9167166" }, { "contents": "Lucas de Wael\n\n\nLucas de Wael (3 March 1591 – 25 October 1661) was a Flemish painter, engraver and merchant. He was born in Antwerp and worked for some time in Genoa in Italy before returning to Antwerp, where he died. Lucas de Wael was born into an artistic family in Antwerp as the son of the painter Jan de Wael I (1558-1633). His mother Gertrude de Jode came from a family of artists: her father was the cartographer Gerard de Jode and her brother was the engraver Peter de Jode", "id": "2957457" }, { "contents": "Jan van Balen\n\n\nGaspard, Theodoor van Thulden, Jan de Labare and Erasmus Quellinus the Younger on the execution of designs for the gallery on the Meir and the triumphal arch at St. John's Church in Antwerp. The overall design of the decorations was under the direction of Rubens. [[File:Jan Brueghel II, Jan van Balen - The Feast of Bacchus (Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus).jpg|thumb|\"The Feast of Bacchus\", with [[Jan Brueghel the Younger]] Jan van Balen left on 8 September 1639 with his brother Gaspard on", "id": "19729208" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nfor the Council Chamber, is repeated in a painting by Erasmus. This development towards classicist rigidity may reflect the influence of French art with its preference for classicism. Erasmus’ work also gained a theatrical aspect as reflected in the 1652 painting \"Artemisia\" (Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, University of Glasgow). The painting has a theatrical background like a park. This tendency became more evident in the 1660s when his paintings started to include grandiose scenery with flamboyant architecture. This is clear in the \"Let the Children Come", "id": "11150854" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nin particular the marble decorations he and his workshop produced, became an example for other buildings in Amsterdam. The team of sculptors that Artus supervised during his work on the Amsterdam city hall included many sculptors who would become leading sculptors in their own right such as his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Rombout Verhulst, Bartholomeus Eggers and Gabriël Grupello and probably also Grinling Gibbons. He returned to work in Antwerp in 1658 and remained active mainly in this city until his death. His many pupils included his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Martin Deurweerders", "id": "8459223" }, { "contents": "David Teniers III\n\n\nDavid Teniers III, also referred to as David Teniers junior (baptized 10 July 1638 – 2 October 1685) was a Flemish painter and tapestry designer who was mainly active in Antwerp, Madrid and Brussels. He is known for his portraits, religious compositions and genre scenes. David Teniers III was born in Antwerp where he was baptized on July 10 in the St. James' Church. He was a scion of two very prominent artist families from Antwerp: his father was the painter David Teniers the Younger and his mother was Anna", "id": "17442937" }, { "contents": "Gerard Douffet\n\n\nGerard Douffet (6 aug 1594 – 1660/1661), also known as Doufeet or Duffeit, was a Flemish painter. He was born at Liège in 1594, and studied for some time at Antwerp in the school of Rubens, and afterwards in Italy. He composed and designed with good taste, and his historical pictures are much esteemed. 'Pope Nicholas V. at the Tomb of St. Francis of Assisi ' (painted in 1627), 'St. Helena and the true Cross' (painted for the Abbey of St. Lawrence,", "id": "6883668" }, { "contents": "Jan van Buken\n\n\nJan van Buken or Jan van Beucken (10 March 1635 – 6 February 1690) was a Flemish painter mainly known for his genre paintings and still lifes. Jan van Buken was born in Antwerp. He became a master in the Guild of Saint Luke in 1658 where he was registered under the name 'Jan van Beucken'. In the period from 1666 to 1682 he worked in Rome while regularly travelling back to Antwerp. He returned to live in Antwerp after the death of his parents. Jan Baptist Beveren was registered as", "id": "15324731" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ntheir work in this period. His \"Adoration of the Holy Sacrament\" (1646) was painted in this style. From c. 1650 this classicism in his work became rigid and his compositions from this period made use of a limited number of stereotyped and idealized figure types. This stylistic development is evident in the interior decorations he made for the new City Hall of Amsterdam, which he executed in collaboration with his brother Artus. The brothers achieved stylistic agreement in this commission: the \"Judgement of Solomon\", which Artus sculpted", "id": "11150853" }, { "contents": "Nikolaus van Hoy\n\n\nhe would have met in Rome and had later joined him in Brussels. At about 1667 he became the court painter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria. He retained this post until his death in Vienna in 1679. He was succeeded at the court by his son Nickolaus van Hoey the Younger (Antwerp 1660- Vienna ca. 1710). He made landscapes and portraits. He engraved religious scenes and mythological figures adapted from originals of Veronese, Barocci and Raphael. He was one of the", "id": "16812974" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\ngenres including cattle market scenes, Italianate landscapes and village scenes. He is probably best known for his depiction of festivals and processions set in his native Antwerp. His village scenes are reminiscent of the genre scenes of David Teniers the Younger. He also took his inspiration from other Flemish artists. For instance, his composition \"\" likely drew its inspiration from similar paintings representing processions in cities by Flemish artists such as Pieter van Aelst and Erasmus de Bie. He painted many scenes of cattle markets, which offered him the opportunity to", "id": "3658943" }, { "contents": "Jan van den Hecke\n\n\nKunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Archduke Leopold Wilhem must have particularly liked his flower pieces as all of van den Hecke's paintings which he collected were pictures of flowers in vases and baskets and garland paintings. Van Hecke returned to Antwerp around 1657. In 1660 he married Maria Adriana Heyens with whom he had three children. His son, known as Jan van den Hecke II, was born in 1661 and became a popular painter of flowers as well as other types of still life. His two known pupils were Peeter vander Elstraeten (", "id": "14931009" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nLeo van Heil (Brussels, 1605 – c.1664), was a Flemish architect, painter and miniature painter mainly of flowers and insects. He is chiefly remembered for his designs of the Brigittines chapel and the tower of the Saint Nicholas Church, both in Brussels. Leo van Heil was born in Brussels. He had two brothers who were also artists: Jan Baptist van Heil was a portrait painter and Daniel van Heil was a landscape painter specialising in winter scenes or burning fires. When in 1648 Erasmus Quellinus was given the general", "id": "8052850" }, { "contents": "Jan Verhas\n\n\ngovernment awarded him a special subsidy of 1,200 francs and commissioned from him a composition depicting the Battle of Kallo. In 1862 he travelled via Paris and Lyon to Italy, where he made stops in Turin, Milan and Venice. He remained in Venice for two to three months, studying and copying the masters. Lack of funds forced him to leave Italy. He travelled back via Paris where his brother Frans was working at the time. Jan assisted his brother in the execution of several decorative projects. Afterwards he resided in Antwerp", "id": "9399028" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\nPeeter the Elder and Joris became painters. Alexander trained under his father. He became a master in the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1685. On 11 August 1685, he married Cornelia Sporckmans, daughter of the Antwerp history painter Hubert Sporckmans. They had three daughters and six sons of whom Jan Frans became a painter. Alexander van Bredael died in Antwerp. His pupils include his son Jan Frans, Peeter Busschop, Johan Baptist Govaerts, Guielmus van Ryn and Pieter Snyers. Alexander van Bredael painted in a wide variety of", "id": "3658942" }, { "contents": "Filippo Zaniberti\n\n\nFilippo Zaniberti (1585–1636) was an Italian painter of the late Mannerist period. He was born in Brescia and active in Venice, where he became a pupil of Santo Peranda. Zaniberti's style recalls the richness of Paolo Veronese. He painted a \"Mannah in the desert\" for the main altarpiece of the church of Santa Maria Nuova of Venice. He worked alongside the fellow Peranda disciple, Matteo Ponzone, in the decoration of the Ducal palace of Mirandola. He painted a \"Marriage of St Catherine\" for the church", "id": "19300082" }, { "contents": "St. Paul's Church, Antwerp\n\n\ntwisted marble columns. The painting \"Adoration of the shepherds\" by Rubens forms the altar piece. The Maria Chapel also contains a white marble sculpture of \"Our Lady of Sorrows\" by Jan Pieter van Baurscheit de Elder. The church holds elaborate tomb monuments attributed to Johannes van Mildert, Pieter Verbrugghen II and Andries Colyns de Nole. The 17th century organ is regarded as one of the most important organs of Belgium. The monumental organ case was sculpted by Pieter Verbrugghen I after a design by Erasmus Quellinus II. In 1623", "id": "10432986" }, { "contents": "David Teniers the Elder\n\n\nDavid Teniers the Elder (158229 July 1649), Flemish painter, was born at Antwerp. Having received his first training in the painter's art from his brother Juliaen, he studied under Rubens in Antwerp, and subsequently under Elsheimer in Rome; he became a member of the Antwerp guild of painters in 1606. Though his ambition led him at times to try his skill in large religious, historical and mythological compositions, his claim to fame depends chiefly on his landscapes and paintings of peasants carousing, of kermesse scenes and the", "id": "12948361" } ]

[ { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke as a 'wijnmeester', i.e. the son of a member of the Guild. The next year he married Cornelia Teniers, the daughter of painter David Teniers the Younger. Jan Erasmus Quellinus received many commissions including a large commission for paintings destined for Antwerp’s Saint Michael's Abbey. Around 1680 Quellinus worked in Vienna for the Habsburg court as a court painter to Emperor Leopold I. Among other works, the most important commission he completed was a series of 15 ceiling paintings on events in the life", "id": "7354727" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nJan-Erasmus Quellinus or Jan Erasmus Quellinus (1634 in Antwerp – 11 March 1715 in Mechelen) was a Flemish painter and draughtsman and a member of the famous Quellinus family of artists. He was one of the last prominent representatives of the great Flemish school of history and portrait painting in the 17th century. His work displays the classicizing influences of his father Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and Paolo Veronese. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his grandfather Erasmus Quellinus", "id": "7354724" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nwritten as \" Sederboom\"), which means 'cedar tree'. He is also reported to have used another nickname: 'Corpus'. Quellinus later moved to Venice where he resided from circa 1660 to 1661. Here he was influenced by the style of Veronese as is shown by his drawings from that time. During his stay in Northern Italy he was also introduced to the architecture of Palladio, which informed some of the decorative motifs he used in his later compositions. Upon his return to Antwerp in 1661 he joined", "id": "7354726" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof his father’s Classicism. As a result art historians have difficulty attributing some works to either artist. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus developed further on the Classicism of his father linking it with the influence of Paolo Veronese from whom he borrowed grandeur and various dynamic details. Unlike his father he liked to incorporate in his paintings grand architectural elements which were derived from the Palladian buildings he had seen in Northern Italy. As was common practice at the time, he collaborated with specialist painters in Antwerp such as the still life painter Jan Fyt", "id": "7354730" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Elder, his father Erasmus the Younger, and his uncles Artus Quellinus the Elder and Hubertus Quellinus. He was trained by his father from 1649. Jan-Erasmus travelled to Italy where he initially resided in Rome from 1657 to 1659. He became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Jan-Erasmus was given the bent name \"Seederboom\" (also", "id": "7354725" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\none of the leading artistic families in Antwerp, producing sculptors, painters and printmakers who would develop careers in Flanders and abroad. Father Erasmus Quellinus I, a sculptor, had moved from Sint-Truiden to Antwerp. The brothers of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger were both artists: Artus (1609-1668) was a leading Baroque sculptor and Hubertus (1619-1687) an engraver. Erasmus Quellinus II became a student of Jan-Baptist Verhaeghe, an obscure artist, in 1633. He became a master of the Antwerp Guild", "id": "11150843" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Me\" of 1664 (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels). These later compositions possible reflect an influence by the early work of his son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. As was common in Antwerp at the time, Quellinus collaborated with other painters. He worked with still life specialists on still lifes and portraits. Many of the still lifes fall into the category of ‘garland paintings’. Garland paintings are a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder.", "id": "11150855" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus the Younger and Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) was a Flemish painter, engraver, draughtsman and tapestry designer who worked in various genres including history, portrait, battle and animal paintings. He was a pupil of Peter Paul Rubens and was one of the closest collaborators of Rubens in the 1630s. Following Rubens’ death in 1640 he became one of the most prolific and successful painters in Flanders. Erasmus Quellinus II was born in Antwerp as the son of Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden. The Quellinus family became", "id": "11150842" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus I or Erasmus Quellinus the Elder (alternate names: Erasmus Quellinck, Erasme Quellin (I)) (Sint-Truiden, 1584 - Antwerp, 22 January 1640) was a Flemish sculptor best known for classically inspired ornamentation work and copies after the antique. He was the founder of an important Antwerp dynasty of artists. Details of his early life and training have not survived. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1606. He married Betje van Uden, the sister of the painter Lucas van", "id": "7355031" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nHis brothers became prominent artists: Erasmus was a painter and Hubertus was an engraver and painter. His sister Cornelia married his father’s pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. Artus Quellinus received his first training from his father. In the period from 1635 to 1639 he trained in Rome in the studio of his compatriot François Duquesnoy. He spent time in Lyon together with the Flemish painter Laureys Franck and was in contact there with the Dutch engraver Nicolaas van Helt Stockade and the Dutch painter Jan Asselijn. He returned to Antwerp", "id": "8459221" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\n, Joseph van den Kerckhoven, Davit van den Heuvel, Francis Cools, Allowisius de Meyere, Jan-Baptist Hyacint Breydel, Gaspar (or Jasper) de Cantelbeeck (1685-86), Jan François Blondeau and Jacobus Blondeau (1697-98). From 1712 the artist resided and worked in Mechelen where he died on 11 March 1715. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was principally a history painter who also painted the occasional portrait. He had an extensive output supported by a large workshop. His style is closely related to that", "id": "7354729" }, { "contents": "Anthoni Schoonjans\n\n\nMarch 1655. He became in the Guild year 1668-1669 in Antwerp an apprentice of Erasmus Quellinus II and that master's son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. From 1674 to 1677 the artist resided in Reims and he also spent some time in Paris. In 1674 his mother met up with her son Anthoni in Reims. He left France and from 6 January 1675 he resided in Rome, where he familiarised himself with the Italian Baroque. He shared in Rome a residence with the flower painter Carel de Vogelaer in Via Margutta.", "id": "9299848" }, { "contents": "Nicolaes van Verendael\n\n\nteacher of someone referred to as 'priest Cano' and the flower painter Jean Baptiste Morel. Van Verendael mainly painted flower pieces, vanitas still lifes and a few allegorical scenes with monkeys. His dated works are from the period between 1659 and 1690. He was highly regarded from an early age when he started working with some of the leading Antwerp painters such as David Teniers the Younger, Gonzales Coques, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Boeckhorst, Carstian Luyckx and Jan Davidsz. de Heem. His early work shows the influence of", "id": "18460769" }, { "contents": "Theodoor Boeyermans\n\n\n' dated works are dated between 1660 and 1677. He was mainly a painter of history and allegorical paintings. The artist received many important commissions for churches in his native Antwerp, the Kempen region and in Malines, but made his name in his hometown by painting secular compositions. He also painted group portraits. Together with Jan-Erasmus Quellinus, Boeyermans was one of the last important 17th-century Flemish history painters. His style was influenced by Rubens and van Dyck but he favoured a darker palette than those two artists.", "id": "6673291" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin 1662. On 9 November 1663, Erasmus Quellinus II married Françoise de Fren. De Fren was the daughter of the well-off André de Fren, secretary of the Council of Brabant, and the sister of Isabella de Fren, who was married to the court painter David Teniers II. In 1665 Quellinus designed a cenotaph for the deceased Philip IV of Spain and the decorations for the Joyous Entry of Don Francisco de Moura as governor of the Habsburg Netherlands. Erasmus Quellinus II died in Antwerp on 7 November 1678. His", "id": "11150849" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Antwerp from Rome around 1640. Artus worked in a classicizing style of Baroque under the influence of his compatriot, the sculptor François Duquesnoy, in whose workshop in Rome he had worked. This style had in turn been influenced by the Classicism of Annibale Carracci. The two brothers would from then on work together on various projects and mutually influence each other. After Rubens’ death in 1640 Erasmus Quellinus became one of the leading history painters of Flanders. He received many commissions for altarpieces in the region. In 1648 he was", "id": "11150847" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ncommissioned to make the decorations for the Joyous Entry of the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm into Antwerp, thus playing the same role as Rubens 13 years earlier for the Joyous Entry of Ferdinand. He made the decorations for the announcement of the Treaty of Westphalia in the same year. Around 1656 Erasmus worked in Amsterdam where his brother Artus was responsible for the decoration of the new City Hall. Erasmus assisted in this project and the brothers also collaborated on other commissions. Erasmus painted altarpieces for clandestine Catholic churches in Amsterdam. His first wife died", "id": "11150848" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\npupils included his son Jan Erasmus Quellinus, Guilliam Forchondt (II), Julius de Geest, Willem de Ryck, Anthoni Schoonjans, Wallerant Vaillant and Remacle Serin. Erasmus Quellinus II was a very versatile artist who worked in various genres. He received numerous commissions for altarpieces depicting Counter-Reformation themes for churches and monasteries throughout the Southern Netherlands. He also received many civic commissions which allowed him to show his learning in the depiction of scenes from ancient history and mythology and allegorical compositions. In addition, he produced portraits, battle", "id": "11150850" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof Saint Luke in 1633-1634. In the 1630s, the artist worked and likely studied in the workshop of Rubens and regularly collaborated on projects with Rubens. In 1634 Erasmus II married Catharina de Hemelaer, a niece of Jan de Hemelaer, the deacon of Antwerp Cathedral. Their son Jan Erasmus followed in his father’s footsteps and became a painter. From the notes made by his son Jan Erasmus in the margin of his copy of Cornelis de Bie’s book of artist biographies entitled Het Gulden Cabinet, it is known", "id": "11150844" }, { "contents": "Jan van Kessel the Elder\n\n\na figure painter was responsible for the figure or other image in the cartouche. His collaborators on garland paintings are believed to have included his uncle David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus the Elder, Hendrick van Balen the Elder, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly Jan Boeckhorst. An example of a collaborative garland painting made by Jan van Kessel and David Teniers the Younger is the composition (c. 1660-1670, Louvre). In this work Jan van Kessel painted a decorative garland representing the four elements around a cartouche showing a young", "id": "16247184" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin the Hermitage Museum, a collaboration with Frans Ykens. Quellinus further collaborated with the animal and still life painter Jan Fyt on portraits such as the \"Portrait of a young boy\" (Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp) of c. 1650. Quellinus also collaborated with animal painters Peter Boel and genre painter Jan van Kessel the Elder. Erasmus Quellinus II executed various tapestry designs. In 1649 he produced the designs for a tapestry series depicting the \"History of the Thurn and Taxis Family\" (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of", "id": "11150857" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nHe was a member of the well-known Quellinus family of artists from 17th century Antwerp, major center of artistic life then known as \"the Florence of the North\". Thomas Quellinus was born in Antwerp to the leading Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus II and Anna Maria Gabron, and was baptised on 17 March 1661. He trained in his father’s workshop in the art of sculpture. After completing his apprenticeship with his father, he went to London, England, where he worked with his brother Artus Quellinus III. While", "id": "11778979" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nArtus Quellinus also known as Artus (Arnoldus) Quellijn, Artus Quellinus I or Artus Quellinus the Elder (20 or 30 August 1609, Antwerp  – 23 August 1668, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor. He is regarded as the most important representative of the Baroque in sculpture in the Southern Netherlands. His work had a major influence on the development of sculpture in Northern Europe. Artus Quellinus the Elder was born into an artistic family. He was the son of the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden.", "id": "8459220" }, { "contents": "Jan Pieter Brueghel\n\n\nJan Pieter Brueghel or Jan Pieter Breughel (29 August 1628 (baptised) – 1664) was a Flemish Baroque painter specialised in flower still lifes. Brueghel was born in Antwerp. He was the son of Jan Brueghel the Younger and Anna-Maria Janssens. He joined the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645 as \"wijnmeester\". He died in Italy, after 1664, and is known for flower still lifes. He created many garland paintings on which he collaborated with other painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II who painted the", "id": "10461841" }, { "contents": "Pieter Boel\n\n\nBoel got to know the work of the Genoese artist Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione and the still life painter Giuseppe Recco. He learned from these Italian masters to heighten the dramatic effect of his canvases by emphasizing the shadows. He also used red drapes in the background, a Baroque element par excellence, to enhance the atmosphere of his compositions. Boel is known to have collaborated with fellow Antwerp artists Erasmus Quellinus II and Jacob Jordaens, who painted the human figures in his compositions. Boel was accomplished in large-scale vanitas paintings depicting an", "id": "20560716" }, { "contents": "Pieter Bruegel the Elder\n\n\n(grandson of Jan Bruegel the Elder) and Jan van Kessel the Younger. Through David Teniers, the family is also related to the whole Teniers family of painters and the Quellinus family of painters and sculptors, since Jan-Erasmus Quellinus married Cornelia, daughter of David Teniers the Younger. Bruegel's art was long more highly valued by collectors than critics. His friend Abraham Ortelius described him in a friendship album in 1574 as \"the most perfect painter of his century\", but both Vasari and Van Mander see him as", "id": "17084192" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nflowers. The subject of vanitas as depicted here was unusual for van Utrecht and shows that his role in the development of new types of still life has not been sufficiently recognized in art-historical literature. As was common in Antwerp’s art sector at the time, van Utrecht collaborated with other specialist artists, typically figure painters. He is known to have provided the still life elements in paintings by Jacob Jordaens, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Cossiers, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. He is believed to have also collaborated with David Teniers", "id": "18461245" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nHubertus Quellinus or Hubert Quellinus (August 15, 1619, Antwerp – 1687) was a Flemish printmaker, draughtsman and painter and a member of the prominent Quellinus family of artists. His engravings after the work of his brother, the Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder, were instrumental in the spread of the Flemish Baroque idiom in Europe in the second half of the 17th century. Hubertus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his father Erasmus Quellinus the Elder and his brothers,", "id": "8520392" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus III\n\n\nArtus Quellinus III (1653, Antwerp – December 1686, London) was a Flemish sculptor active in London. His name is often anglicised to Arnold Quellan, Arnold Quellin or Arnold Quellinus or mistakenly given as \"Jan Quellinus\". He was the son of Artus Quellinus II and brother to the sculptor Thomas Quellinus and the painter Cornelis Quellinus He trained in his father's workshop in Antwerp before moving to London in 1682. He was married to Frances Siberechts, youngest daughter of the Antwerp-born painter Jan Siberechts, who had", "id": "13748725" }, { "contents": "Flemish Baroque painting\n\n\npainters combined a local influence from Rubens with knowledge of classicism and Italian Baroque qualities. Artists in the vein include Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Jan van den Hoecke, Pieter van Lint, Cornelis Schut, and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Later in the century, many painters turned to Anthony van Dyck as a major influence. Among them were Pieter Thijs, Lucas Franchoys the Younger, and artists who were also inspired by Late Baroque theatricality such as Theodoor Boeyermans and Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. Additionally, a Flemish variant of \"Caravaggism\"", "id": "6030293" }, { "contents": "Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen\n\n\nthe principal representatives of Flemish high baroque sculpture. The father had been a pupil of Erasmus Quellinus I, who was himself the founder of a prominent family of artists. The father married the daughter of his master Erasmus Quellinus. From this marriage Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was born. His brother Pieter Verbrugghen II was also a sculptor and worked in the workshop of his father. Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was trained by his father. Nonetheless, he did not start his career as a sculptor but as a draughtsman working with the illuminator Jan Ruyselinck", "id": "10070115" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nand Londerzeel. Many of his paintings can be regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. He often worked from prints made after the works of these masters to create his own compositions. An example is the (Prado Museum), which is based on a print after Rafael", "id": "11181884" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Rubens pupil Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and the prominent sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. In 1650 he traveled to Rome where he joined the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Hubertus was given the bent name \"Saracin\". Quellinus was in Amsterdam by 1660 where he collaborated on a publication, which consisted of two parts: the first part consisted of 30 plates depicting the Amsterdam", "id": "8520393" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\ncompleted the frontal decoration of the organ in the Antwerp cathedral, based on a design made by Erasmus Quellinus II. He and his workshop made the oak confessionals in the St. Paul's Church in Antwerp (between 1658 and 1660). He made the oak organ case in that church in collaboration with Artus Quellinus the Elder in 1654, and together with his son Pieter Verbrugghen II he executed the designs for the high altar in 1670. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known creations. The", "id": "11276653" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nArtus Quellinus II or Artus Quellinus the Younger (alternative first name: Arnold; variation on family name: Quellijn, Quellyn, Quellien, Quellin, Quellinius) (between 10 and 20 November 1625, Sint-Truiden – 22 November 1700, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor who played an important role in the evolution of Northern-European sculpture from High Baroque to Late Baroque. Artus Quellinus II was born into an artistic family. His uncle was the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I, whose son was Artus Quellinus I,", "id": "13073282" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Some of these works are now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. He returned to Antwerp where between the years 1685 and 1712 he worked on many commissions for churches in Antwerp and throughout Flanders. He also had many pupils including Anthoni Schoonjans, Simon de Marets, Jan Carel van Eyck, Guiliam Draeger (1668-69), Christoffel Franciscus Ponsel, Jacobus de Play (1669-1670), Peeter Heymans, Franciscus Carnonckel, Franciscus Cuylen, Hieronymus Galle (1673-74)", "id": "7354728" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nthat Erasmus II obtained a degree in philosophy. This explains the fact that he wrote a philosophical tract entitled \"Philosophia\", which was recorded in the 1679 inventory of his estate. Quellinus became a regular collaborator with Rubens from 1635. He first worked on the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the new governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand. Rubens was in overall charge of this project. Quellinus made decorative paintings after designs by Rubens of which six have survived. In the period 1636-1638 Rubens", "id": "11150845" }, { "contents": "Joannes Chrysostomus Teniers\n\n\n. As abbot he took the motto \"Tene Quod Bene\" (\"Hold on to what is good\", 1 Thessalonians 5, verse 21). Teniers died in Antwerp on 30 November 1709. His portrait painted by Jan-Erasmus Quellinus is inside Tongerlo Abbey. Teniers had some reputation as a preacher and a manuscript of his sermons for feastdays was preserved in the monastery library, as well as two volumes of his notes on the works of St Augustine. One of Teniers' poems was published in the preliminary matter", "id": "1158593" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nThese paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Erasmus Quellinus II collaborated on garland paintings with still life specialists, such as his brother-in-law Jan Philip van Thielen, Daniel Seghers, Jan Pieter Brueghel, Frans Ykens, Peter Willebeeck and Jan Anton van der Baren. These collaborators painted the flower garland while Quellinus painted the figures and architectural setting. An example is the \"Holy Family in a Wreath of Flowers\"", "id": "11150856" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\n’ workshop received a large commission to make mythological decorations for the hunting pavilion Torre de la Parada of the Spanish king Philip IV near Madrid. For this project Quellinus painted decorations after oil sketches by Rubens some of which have been preserved (Prado Museum). In early 1637 Quellinus drew frontispieces for the Antwerp printing house Plantin Press according to Rubens’ instructions regarding iconography and layout. These drawings were in Quellinus’ own style as Rubens let him a free hand in the design of the modelli. His brother Artus Quellinus I returned", "id": "11150846" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nwith living people and animals. Van Utrecht also painted a number of flower still lifes. He was a regular collaborator with leading Antwerp painters who had been pupils or assistants of Peter Paul Rubens, such as Jacob Jordaens, David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus II, Gerard Seghers, Theodoor Rombouts, Abraham van Diepenbeeck and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Adriaen van Utrecht was born in Antwerp as the son of Abel van Utrecht en Anne Huybrecht. In 1614 he became a pupil of Herman de Neyt, a painter and art dealer who", "id": "18461230" }, { "contents": "Baroque sculpture\n\n\nof a family of famous sculptors and painters, and son of another sculptor, Erasmus Quellinus. He settled in Antwerp in 1639. He became close to Rubens, and his work applied many of the principles of the compositions of Rubens to sculpture. Another important Belgian Baroque sculptor was Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen (1654–1724), who carved very elaborate sculptures, full of biblical scenes, flora and fauna,allegories and symbols for the ceremonial puppets the cathedrals and churches in Brussels, Louvain, Antwerp, Mechelen, and other cities. Early", "id": "16040697" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nwas back in Antwerp in 1657 and became an Antwerp burgher on 11 May 1663. His wife died on 15 October 1668 and the next year Artus remarried to Cornelia Volders. In the latter part of his life Quellinus received many commissions, primarily for church furnishings and tomb sculptures. His pupils include Alexander van Papenhoven, Thomas Quellinus, Jan van den Steen, (1633–1723), the Master of the St. Luke in Antwerp, Cornelis van Scheyck (1679–1680); Balten Rubbens (1685–1686); Adriaen Govaerts (1690–91) and", "id": "13073285" }, { "contents": "Peter Ykens\n\n\ntrained 28 pupils including Karel Breydel, Erasmus Causse, Gaspaer Janssens, Jan Thomas van Kessel, Henderick van Mael, Francis Scalie, Jan Baptist Kretsaert and Jacob Leyssens. His eldest son Jan Frans became a staffage painter who collaborated with still life painters of flowers and fruit. He died in Antwerp. He painted portraits and Christian religious representations and made a large number of altarpieces and paintings for local churches and palaces. As was the custom in Antwerp at the time, he often worked together with other painters who were specialists in", "id": "8049116" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\n. The couple had six children of whom three became artists: Artus Quellinus III and Thomas Quellinus were both successful sculptors whereas Cornelis Quellinus became a painter about whom little is known. The young Artus joined his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Amsterdam around 1653 where he became one of the members of the team of artists that worked under the direction of Artus I on the decoration of the newly built City Hall on the Dam Square. The artist traveled to Italy and probably visited Turin, Florence and Rome between 1655 and 1657. He", "id": "13073284" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nUden. The couple had three sons: Erasmus, who would become a painter and engraver, Artus, who would follow in his father’s footsteps and become a sculptor, and Hubertus, who became an engraver and painter. His daughter Cornelia Quellinus married his pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. He was the teacher of Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder, Melchior Charles, Wallerant Vaillant, Joos Sterck (1607); Rombout Claes (1609), Melchior van der Lanen (1612), Hans Franscoys (1614),", "id": "7355032" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nfurther inspired by the cult of veneration and devotion to Mary prevalent at the Habsburg court (then the rulers over the Southern Netherlands) and in Antwerp generally. Garland paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image, portrait or other religious symbol (such as the host). The paintings are usually a collaboration between a flower painter and a staffage painter. Van Thielen produced multiple garland paintings in collaboration with other artists. His collaborators included his brother-in-law Erasmus Quellinus II, Nicolas de Largilliere, Jan van", "id": "12866287" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nhe was the brother-in-law of Erasmus Quellinus II. Erasmus Quelllinus was married to the sister of his wife and would become one of the leading history painters in Flanders after the deaths of Rubens and van Dyck. Quellinus drew van Thielens’ portrait that was engraved by Richard Collin for Cornelis de Bie's book of artist biographies Het Gulden Cabinet. Van Thielen and his wife had 9 children. Because he liked flower painting he changed masters in 1641 and began training with Daniel Seghers, the leading flower painter in Flanders", "id": "12866282" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nbe regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. Typical examples of his work are the painting \"A Poor Company at Table in a Rustic Kitchen\" held by the National Trust at Tyntesfield and oil on copper religious paintings, such as \"Daniel in the Lion's Den\"", "id": "11181882" }, { "contents": "Mattheus Borrekens\n\n\nAntwerp on 25 December 1670. Mattheus Borrekens was mainly a reproductive printmaker. He made prints after the work of leading Flemish painters of his time such as Rubens, van Dyck, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Abraham van Diepenbeeck, Jan Thomas van Ieperen, Pieter van Lint and Cornelis Schut. He mainly concentrated on Christian religious subjects and portraits. He also engraved frontispieces of publications such as Christophe Butkens's\"Trophées tant sacrés et profanes du Duché de Brabant\". 1724-1726. For this publication he engraved after a design by van Diepenbeeck", "id": "2345697" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nmaster’s daughter, Cornelia Quellinus. Through his marriage he became the brother in law of the leading Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1641 and in 1659 he became the deacon of the Guild. His first wife died in 1662, and he remarried in 1665, to Elisabeth Lemmens. He was the father of the sculptors Pieter Verbrugghen II and Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen. His daughter Suzanna married the sculptor Peeter Meesens. His pupils included some of the leading representatives of the", "id": "11276651" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nhave made individual statues, none of which have survived. In 1635 he was awarded the contract to make the pulpit of the St. Elisabeth Hospital in Antwerp. This work is an example of early Baroque in Antwerp and shows Erasmus’ mastery of balance and symmetry, even though there is no sense of realism. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known commissions. He made the original design for the pulpit, which, after his death, was somewhat changed by his son Artus while Pieter Verbrugghen", "id": "7355034" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Barbé\n\n\nNicolaas Lauwers for infringement of privileges relating to prints he had created, he received the support of Rubens. Barbé married Christien (or Christina) Wierix, the daughter of the prominent engraver and publisher Hieronymus Wierix on 30 March 1620. According to the contemporary notes of the painter Erasmus Quellinus II, Barbé was a very ugly person, while his daughter, who was a gifted engraver, was counted among 'the most beautiful women of Antwerp'. Hieronymus Wierix , the father of his wife, had died in 1619 before the", "id": "20064889" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nthe most successful Flemish Baroque sculptor of the mid 17th century. Artus II is likely to have received his training as a sculptor from his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Antwerp to where he must have moved from his native city of Sint-Truiden (then in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, now in the Belgian province of Limburg). Artus Quellinus II became a master of the Guild of Saint Luke in Antwerp in 1650–51. Artus Quellinus II married Anna Maria Gabron, the sister of the painter Willem Gabron, in 1653", "id": "13073283" }, { "contents": "Daniel Seghers\n\n\n, the collaborators are not always known with certainty. It is known he often worked with Cornelis Schut, Erasmus Quellinus II, Abraham van Diepenbeek, Simon de Vos, Jan van den Hoecke, Gonzales Coques and Rubens. Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert is also mentioned as his collaborator. It is possible that Seghers collaborated with Rubens on a garland painting for the Saint Carolus Borromeus church in Antwerp. During his stay in Rome he also collaborated with Poussin and Domenichino. Unlike in his later collaborations, Seghers is believed to have added flower garlands", "id": "7240113" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nErasmus de Bie (1629 in Antwerp – 1675 in Antwerp) was a Flemish Baroque painter known for his city views and genre scenes. He depicted several lively scenes of large public celebrations in his hometown of Antwerp. It is not clear whether the views of Italianate cities and landscapes attributed to him are the work of Adriaen de Bie, a Flemish painter from Lier who worked in Italy for a while. Very little is known about the life of Erasmus de Bie. He was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter", "id": "4566739" }, { "contents": "Willem Gabron\n\n\n. He was first registered in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke as a ‘wijnmeester’ (i.e. son of a master of the Guild) in the guild year 1640-41, along with his younger brother Antoon. His sister Anna Maria married the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Younger. Gabron travelled to Rome, at the latest by 1646. Here he became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the", "id": "12740318" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nBaroque painter, and the engraving of the frontispiece was made by Jacob Neefs (Antwerp, June 3, 1610 – 1660), also after a design by Erasmus Quellinus the Younger. Christoffel Plantin (1520–1589), grandfather of Balthasar Moretus, set up his printing shop called 'De Gulden Passer' (Golden Compasses) in Antwerp in 1555, publishing both Catholic and Protestant literature. This Frenchman, who fled his native country to Antwerp to escape the persecution during the 1540s, was the best-known printer of his time", "id": "2235324" }, { "contents": "Jan Anton van der Baren\n\n\nare a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder. These paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Van der Baren collaborated on garland paintings with other painters, such as Erasmus Quellinus II and the Flemish émigré painter Nikolaus van Hoy. These collaborators painted the devotional image while van der Baren painted the flower garland. An example is the \"Garland of flowers surrounding the Holy Family", "id": "16752890" }, { "contents": "Jacob de Formentrou\n\n\nthe conclusion that the painting is not a collaboration between all the artists whose works are represented in the painting but rather represents the combined effort of de Formentrou and Erasmus Quellinus II, a leading Antwerp painter. F. G. Meijer on the other hand believes that the composition is a collaboration between all of the artists whose work are depicted. He attributes the composition and the various pictures depicted in it as follows: The painting can be read as a reference to connoisseurship, and in particular the connoisseur's activity of evaluating the authorship of", "id": "8771731" }, { "contents": "Nicolaas van Eyck\n\n\nstarted to study in 1632. He was a captain of a local schutterij and this may be a reason why he painted military scenes. He was friends with the flower painter Jan Philip van Thielen, who had also been a pupil of Rombouts. Van Eyck was godfather to at least one of van Thielen's nine children. He was the teacher of Pieter Hofman. His sons Nicolaas II and Jan Carel van Eyck became painters. Jan Carel was a student of Jan Erasmus Quellinus and spent time in Italy. Nicolaas van Eyck", "id": "8735899" }, { "contents": "Philips Augustijn Immenraet\n\n\nwould paint the landscape while the other specialist painters would take care of other aspects of the painting such as staffage, architecture, animals or still life elements. A collaboration with Erasmus Quellinus II is reported by the Dutch biographer Arnold Houbraken. The Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium holds the 1672 painting \"The Legend of William Tell shown to the Antwerp Guild of St Sebastian\", which is a collaboration between Immenraet, Wilhelm Schubert van Ehrenberg (who painted the architecture) and Karel-Emmanuel Biset. He also worked with", "id": "10869502" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nUniversity – the same city where Jan Baptist Zangrius was also active. Here Lobkowitz published a major work titled \"Theologia Moralis ad prima, eaque clarissima principia reducta\" printed by Perus Zangrius (Lovanii, typis ac sumptibus Petrus Zangrius, 1645). His book titled \"Philippus Prudens\" containing some hatched arms was published in 1639 by Balthasar Moretus in Antwerp. The coats of arms were engraved by Cornelius Galle the Younger, after the drawings of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger (Antwerp, 1607 - Antwerp, 1678), a Flemish", "id": "2235323" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nFrans de Bie the Elder. He was baptised on 20 December 1629 in the St. Walburga church in Antwerp. He became a pupil of David Ryckaert III in 1641 and was admitted as a master in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645-1646. He married Catharina Douglas, called de Schot (the Scot), and was the father of Frans and Jan Baptist de Bie, who both became painters. Jan Baptist emigrated to Vienna where he remained active. Erasmus de Bie had pupils in 1660 and in 1666,", "id": "4566740" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck (III)\n\n\nSnellinck the Younger was a genre and history painter. His great-grandfather was the prominent Flemish painter and art dealer Jan Snellinck the Elder, who was originally from Mechelen and worked most of his career in Antwerp. Jan Snellinck (III)'s grand-uncles Daniel and Gerard were also painters. Very little is known about the life of Jan Snellinck (III). He likely trained with his father. He was active in Rotterdam for his entire career. The death date and place of Jan Snellinck are not known but", "id": "10515381" }, { "contents": "Anton Goubau\n\n\nat the front on the right, which expresses the transience of power and fame. In addition to his cityscapes, Goubau painted many religious compositions, especially designed for churches in Antwerp. He also made a number of religious paintings on copper as part of a series made for the Spanish market to which other Flemish painters such as Willem van Herp, Erasmus Quellinus II, and possibly Abraham Willemsens contributed. The series is now kept in the Convent of las Comendadoras de Santiaga in Madrid. He painted portraits as evidenced by the portrait", "id": "4569148" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof forms achieved through a sculptural use of light. Quellinus’ oldest known work is the 1634 \"Adoration of the Shepherds\" (Alte Pinakothek, Munich), which is in this Caravaggesque mode. From the 1640s, his style took on a classicizing aspect and a sculptured look. Erasmus never travelled to Italy so this stylistic development was likely influenced by the work of his brother Artus, who introduced his own style of classicizing Baroque in Flemish sculpture after returning from Rome in 1640. Both brothers depicted similar idealizing Antique figures in", "id": "11150852" }, { "contents": "Jan Siberechts\n\n\nEngland around 1672 and spent the first three years in England painting decorations in the Duke’s newly built Cliveden House at Taplow, Buckinghamshire, England. From the second part of the 1670s and in the 1680s he travelled widely in England completing numerous commissions for aristocratic clients. He lived in London where one of his daughters was a lace-maker for the Queen. His younger daughter, Frances, married the Flemish émigré sculptor Artus Quellinus III (known in England as 'Arnold Quellinus') and, after being widowed, John", "id": "14682967" }, { "contents": "Jan Fyt\n\n\n, Fyt collaborated regularly with other painters who were specialist in other areas such as figure, landscape or architectural painting. He thus relied on figure painters such as Cornelius Schut, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly on occasion Jacob Jordaens and on figure and architectural painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II. Jan Fyt produced many drawings of animals based usually on studies from nature. The Hermitage holds a large gouache drawing of a \"\". It is rich in colour and carefully executed and was likely intended as a model for tapestry cartoon. Fyt", "id": "1007601" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nartistic direction over the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the newly appointed governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, Leo van Heil worked as Quellinus' architectural assistant. The Archduke became his patron and appointed him as his court architect and commissioned various projects from van Heil, including a stone gate for the Archduke's palace in Brussels. The painter and printmaker Renier Meganck, who later worked as a court painter in Vienna, became a pupil of Leo van Heil in Brussels in 1656. In his time Leo van", "id": "8052851" }, { "contents": "Gerard Seghers\n\n\nGerard Seghers (1591 in Antwerp – 18 March 1651 in Antwerp) was a Flemish painter, art collector and art dealer. After a period of study of study and residence in Rome, he returned to Flanders where he became one of the leading representatives of the Flemish Caravaggisti movement. In his later career he abandoned the Caravaggist style and genre motifs to become an important painter of large altarpieces for local churches. Gerard Seghers was born in Antwerp as the son of innkeeper Jan Seghers and his wife Ida de Neve. He was", "id": "7355415" }, { "contents": "Jacob Leyssens\n\n\nJacob Leyssens or Jacob Lyssens (nickname Notenkraker) (1661, Antwerp - 1710, Antwerp), was a Flemish painter and decorator. After training in Antwerp, he spent a long time in Rome. After his return to Antwerp, he was active as a painter and decorator and collaborated with prominent Antwerp still life painters such as Gaspar Peeter Verbruggen the Younger and Jan Baptist Bosschaert. He was a student of Peter Ykens in 1674. He travelled to Rome at a young age as he is mentioned there in 1680. He", "id": "13757002" }, { "contents": "Francesco Ruschi\n\n\nFrancesco Ruschi was an Italian painter born in Rome around 1610. He studied in Rome under Giuseppe Cesari (Cavalier d'Arpino), Francesco Albani and Pietro da Cortona. His work also shows the influence of Caravaggio. He settled in Venice before 1629. He became a friend of the writer Giovan Francesco Loredan, for whom he drew the cover pages of several works. He moved to Treviso from 1656, and died there in 1661. Ruschi was influenced by the paintings of Paolo Veronese in his academic and decorative interpretations. These include", "id": "14035066" }, { "contents": "St. Peter in Chains Church (Beringen)\n\n\nor Vandereyt) and date from the late 17th century. Jan Rutten from Sint-Truiden completed the stalls after the death of Laurens Vandenreyt. The Baroque high altar contains a painting representing Christ on the cross attributed to the Antwerp painter Erasmus Quellinus II. The side altars are portico altars and contain the Baroque paintings \" Assumption and Coronation of Mary\" and the \"Finding of the Cross\", both by Anton Goubau. The rood screen is neogothic. The organ was manufactured in 1853 by Henri Vermeersch from Duffel and is the", "id": "12887333" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck\n\n\nJan Snellinck or Jan Snellinck (I) (Mechelen, c. 1548 – Antwerp, 1 October 1638) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and designer of tapestries, prints and frescoes. He is known for his large altarpieces and was also recognized as a leading battle painter in his time. Snellinck was active as an art dealer and art collector. Jan Snellinck was born in Mechelen as the son of Daniël Snellinck I, a painter and hawker, and Cornelia Verhulst (alias: Bessemeers). His mother came from a family", "id": "12059012" }, { "contents": "Paul de Vos\n\n\n. De Vos was able to develop his own personal style that accentuated abrupt movement, the gruesome aspects of hunts, used warmer colours and a broader brush stroke than Snyders. He also expanded the iconographic tradition with scenes of fighting cats and horses attacked by wolves. As was common amongst artists in 17th-century Antwerp, De Vos frequently collaborated with other painters. He collaborated with Rubens, Anthony van Dyck (, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg), Erasmus Quellinus II, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert, Adriaen van Utrecht and Jan Wildens", "id": "4556665" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nPieter Verbrugghen I (alternative spellings: \"Pieter Verbruggen I\", \"Peter van der Brugghen I\", \"Pieter van der Brugghen I\", \"Peter Verbrugghen I\", \"Peeter Verbrugghen I\") (1615, Antwerp – 1686, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor from the Baroque. He was apprenticed in 1625 as a 'beeltsnijder' (sculptor) to Simon de Neef, who was an 'antijcsnijder' (ornamental sculptor). Later he worked under Erasmus Quellinus I and in 1641 he married his", "id": "11276650" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nThomas Quellinus (March 1661 – September 1709), also known, especially in Denmark, as Thomas Qvellinus, was a Flemish baroque sculptor. He was born in Antwerp but worked mainly in Copenhagen, Denmark. He is especially known for the production of grandiose and sumptuous memorial chapels, sepulchral monuments and epitaphs, which can be found in churches throughout Denmark and northern Germany’s Schleswig-Holstein area. His chapels and monuments are dramatically composed, executed in rare, differently coloured types of marble and framed by monumental architectural components.", "id": "11778978" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nscenes and designs for tapestries. Like Rubens, Quellinus was a \"pictor doctus\" with a strong grounding in ancient history and philosophy. He had built an extensive library and art collection. This learning is reflected in the subject matter of his work. Even while he was a frequent collaborator with Rubens’ workshop in the 1630s, Quellinus developed a personal style distinctive from that of Rubens. This style is reminiscent of the Antwerp followers of Caravaggio such as Theodoor Rombouts and Gerard Seghers. Characteristics of this style are the strong modeling", "id": "11150851" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Bosschaert\n\n\nJan Baptist Bosschaert or Jan Baptist Bosschaert the Younger (baptized on 17 December 1667 in Antwerp –1746 in Antwerp) was a Flemish still life painter who is principally known for his decorative still lifes with flowers. He collaborated with figure artists on compositions which combined allegorical or mythological scenes with a still life element. He was active in Antwerp. Jan Baptist Bosschaert was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter-baker Jan Baptist and his second wife Joanna de Bie, the sister of the painter Erasmus de Bie. His", "id": "20819606" }, { "contents": "Wallerant Vaillant\n\n\nWallerant Vaillant (30 May 1623 – 28 August 1677) was a painter of the Dutch Golden Age and one of the first artists to use the mezzotint technique, which he probably helped to develop. Wallerant Vaillant was born in Lille, the oldest of five brothers who all became successful painters. It is said Wallerant was a student of Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) in Antwerp. He moved with his parents in 1643 to Amsterdam. In 1647 he lived in Middelburg, but in 1649 he was back in Amsterdam. In", "id": "8302348" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nHans Bernaert (or Beernart) (1615) and Christoffel de la Fontaine (1633–34). His work is not well known since only a few of his works have survived. Erasmus is primarily known as a sculptor who drew inspiration from antiquity. He worked in the late Renaissance style although his later work shows a development towards early Baroque. The bulk of his commissions consisted of the renovation and replacement of church furniture that had been destroyed during the iconoclastic troubles of the 16th century. Besides decorative work, he is known to", "id": "7355033" }, { "contents": "Rombaut Pauwels\n\n\nbrother of François Duquesnoy, and the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus also worked in this workshop in Rome. They and Rombaut Pauwels brought the moderate Baroque style of François Duquesnoy with them when they returned to the Southern Netherlands. After his return to Flanders, Rombaut Pauwels was active mainly in his hometown Mechelen and in Ghent. Rombaut Pauwels’ pupils included the brothers Hendrik and Jan Matthys. Rombaut Pauwels was a capable sculptor who worked in the classicizing Baroque style pioneered by François Duquesnoy but he lacked the virtuoso technique of his contemporaries Artus Quellinus", "id": "9167166" }, { "contents": "Lucas de Wael\n\n\nLucas de Wael (3 March 1591 – 25 October 1661) was a Flemish painter, engraver and merchant. He was born in Antwerp and worked for some time in Genoa in Italy before returning to Antwerp, where he died. Lucas de Wael was born into an artistic family in Antwerp as the son of the painter Jan de Wael I (1558-1633). His mother Gertrude de Jode came from a family of artists: her father was the cartographer Gerard de Jode and her brother was the engraver Peter de Jode", "id": "2957457" }, { "contents": "Jan van Balen\n\n\nGaspard, Theodoor van Thulden, Jan de Labare and Erasmus Quellinus the Younger on the execution of designs for the gallery on the Meir and the triumphal arch at St. John's Church in Antwerp. The overall design of the decorations was under the direction of Rubens. [[File:Jan Brueghel II, Jan van Balen - The Feast of Bacchus (Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus).jpg|thumb|\"The Feast of Bacchus\", with [[Jan Brueghel the Younger]] Jan van Balen left on 8 September 1639 with his brother Gaspard on", "id": "19729208" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nfor the Council Chamber, is repeated in a painting by Erasmus. This development towards classicist rigidity may reflect the influence of French art with its preference for classicism. Erasmus’ work also gained a theatrical aspect as reflected in the 1652 painting \"Artemisia\" (Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, University of Glasgow). The painting has a theatrical background like a park. This tendency became more evident in the 1660s when his paintings started to include grandiose scenery with flamboyant architecture. This is clear in the \"Let the Children Come", "id": "11150854" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nin particular the marble decorations he and his workshop produced, became an example for other buildings in Amsterdam. The team of sculptors that Artus supervised during his work on the Amsterdam city hall included many sculptors who would become leading sculptors in their own right such as his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Rombout Verhulst, Bartholomeus Eggers and Gabriël Grupello and probably also Grinling Gibbons. He returned to work in Antwerp in 1658 and remained active mainly in this city until his death. His many pupils included his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Martin Deurweerders", "id": "8459223" }, { "contents": "David Teniers III\n\n\nDavid Teniers III, also referred to as David Teniers junior (baptized 10 July 1638 – 2 October 1685) was a Flemish painter and tapestry designer who was mainly active in Antwerp, Madrid and Brussels. He is known for his portraits, religious compositions and genre scenes. David Teniers III was born in Antwerp where he was baptized on July 10 in the St. James' Church. He was a scion of two very prominent artist families from Antwerp: his father was the painter David Teniers the Younger and his mother was Anna", "id": "17442937" }, { "contents": "Gerard Douffet\n\n\nGerard Douffet (6 aug 1594 – 1660/1661), also known as Doufeet or Duffeit, was a Flemish painter. He was born at Liège in 1594, and studied for some time at Antwerp in the school of Rubens, and afterwards in Italy. He composed and designed with good taste, and his historical pictures are much esteemed. 'Pope Nicholas V. at the Tomb of St. Francis of Assisi ' (painted in 1627), 'St. Helena and the true Cross' (painted for the Abbey of St. Lawrence,", "id": "6883668" }, { "contents": "Jan van Buken\n\n\nJan van Buken or Jan van Beucken (10 March 1635 – 6 February 1690) was a Flemish painter mainly known for his genre paintings and still lifes. Jan van Buken was born in Antwerp. He became a master in the Guild of Saint Luke in 1658 where he was registered under the name 'Jan van Beucken'. In the period from 1666 to 1682 he worked in Rome while regularly travelling back to Antwerp. He returned to live in Antwerp after the death of his parents. Jan Baptist Beveren was registered as", "id": "15324731" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ntheir work in this period. His \"Adoration of the Holy Sacrament\" (1646) was painted in this style. From c. 1650 this classicism in his work became rigid and his compositions from this period made use of a limited number of stereotyped and idealized figure types. This stylistic development is evident in the interior decorations he made for the new City Hall of Amsterdam, which he executed in collaboration with his brother Artus. The brothers achieved stylistic agreement in this commission: the \"Judgement of Solomon\", which Artus sculpted", "id": "11150853" }, { "contents": "Nikolaus van Hoy\n\n\nhe would have met in Rome and had later joined him in Brussels. At about 1667 he became the court painter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria. He retained this post until his death in Vienna in 1679. He was succeeded at the court by his son Nickolaus van Hoey the Younger (Antwerp 1660- Vienna ca. 1710). He made landscapes and portraits. He engraved religious scenes and mythological figures adapted from originals of Veronese, Barocci and Raphael. He was one of the", "id": "16812974" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\ngenres including cattle market scenes, Italianate landscapes and village scenes. He is probably best known for his depiction of festivals and processions set in his native Antwerp. His village scenes are reminiscent of the genre scenes of David Teniers the Younger. He also took his inspiration from other Flemish artists. For instance, his composition \"\" likely drew its inspiration from similar paintings representing processions in cities by Flemish artists such as Pieter van Aelst and Erasmus de Bie. He painted many scenes of cattle markets, which offered him the opportunity to", "id": "3658943" }, { "contents": "Jan van den Hecke\n\n\nKunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Archduke Leopold Wilhem must have particularly liked his flower pieces as all of van den Hecke's paintings which he collected were pictures of flowers in vases and baskets and garland paintings. Van Hecke returned to Antwerp around 1657. In 1660 he married Maria Adriana Heyens with whom he had three children. His son, known as Jan van den Hecke II, was born in 1661 and became a popular painter of flowers as well as other types of still life. His two known pupils were Peeter vander Elstraeten (", "id": "14931009" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nLeo van Heil (Brussels, 1605 – c.1664), was a Flemish architect, painter and miniature painter mainly of flowers and insects. He is chiefly remembered for his designs of the Brigittines chapel and the tower of the Saint Nicholas Church, both in Brussels. Leo van Heil was born in Brussels. He had two brothers who were also artists: Jan Baptist van Heil was a portrait painter and Daniel van Heil was a landscape painter specialising in winter scenes or burning fires. When in 1648 Erasmus Quellinus was given the general", "id": "8052850" }, { "contents": "Jan Verhas\n\n\ngovernment awarded him a special subsidy of 1,200 francs and commissioned from him a composition depicting the Battle of Kallo. In 1862 he travelled via Paris and Lyon to Italy, where he made stops in Turin, Milan and Venice. He remained in Venice for two to three months, studying and copying the masters. Lack of funds forced him to leave Italy. He travelled back via Paris where his brother Frans was working at the time. Jan assisted his brother in the execution of several decorative projects. Afterwards he resided in Antwerp", "id": "9399028" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\nPeeter the Elder and Joris became painters. Alexander trained under his father. He became a master in the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1685. On 11 August 1685, he married Cornelia Sporckmans, daughter of the Antwerp history painter Hubert Sporckmans. They had three daughters and six sons of whom Jan Frans became a painter. Alexander van Bredael died in Antwerp. His pupils include his son Jan Frans, Peeter Busschop, Johan Baptist Govaerts, Guielmus van Ryn and Pieter Snyers. Alexander van Bredael painted in a wide variety of", "id": "3658942" }, { "contents": "Filippo Zaniberti\n\n\nFilippo Zaniberti (1585–1636) was an Italian painter of the late Mannerist period. He was born in Brescia and active in Venice, where he became a pupil of Santo Peranda. Zaniberti's style recalls the richness of Paolo Veronese. He painted a \"Mannah in the desert\" for the main altarpiece of the church of Santa Maria Nuova of Venice. He worked alongside the fellow Peranda disciple, Matteo Ponzone, in the decoration of the Ducal palace of Mirandola. He painted a \"Marriage of St Catherine\" for the church", "id": "19300082" }, { "contents": "St. Paul's Church, Antwerp\n\n\ntwisted marble columns. The painting \"Adoration of the shepherds\" by Rubens forms the altar piece. The Maria Chapel also contains a white marble sculpture of \"Our Lady of Sorrows\" by Jan Pieter van Baurscheit de Elder. The church holds elaborate tomb monuments attributed to Johannes van Mildert, Pieter Verbrugghen II and Andries Colyns de Nole. The 17th century organ is regarded as one of the most important organs of Belgium. The monumental organ case was sculpted by Pieter Verbrugghen I after a design by Erasmus Quellinus II. In 1623", "id": "10432986" }, { "contents": "David Teniers the Elder\n\n\nDavid Teniers the Elder (158229 July 1649), Flemish painter, was born at Antwerp. Having received his first training in the painter's art from his brother Juliaen, he studied under Rubens in Antwerp, and subsequently under Elsheimer in Rome; he became a member of the Antwerp guild of painters in 1606. Though his ambition led him at times to try his skill in large religious, historical and mythological compositions, his claim to fame depends chiefly on his landscapes and paintings of peasants carousing, of kermesse scenes and the", "id": "12948361" } ]

[ { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke as a 'wijnmeester', i.e. the son of a member of the Guild. The next year he married Cornelia Teniers, the daughter of painter David Teniers the Younger. Jan Erasmus Quellinus received many commissions including a large commission for paintings destined for Antwerp’s Saint Michael's Abbey. Around 1680 Quellinus worked in Vienna for the Habsburg court as a court painter to Emperor Leopold I. Among other works, the most important commission he completed was a series of 15 ceiling paintings on events in the life", "id": "7354727" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nJan-Erasmus Quellinus or Jan Erasmus Quellinus (1634 in Antwerp – 11 March 1715 in Mechelen) was a Flemish painter and draughtsman and a member of the famous Quellinus family of artists. He was one of the last prominent representatives of the great Flemish school of history and portrait painting in the 17th century. His work displays the classicizing influences of his father Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and Paolo Veronese. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his grandfather Erasmus Quellinus", "id": "7354724" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nwritten as \" Sederboom\"), which means 'cedar tree'. He is also reported to have used another nickname: 'Corpus'. Quellinus later moved to Venice where he resided from circa 1660 to 1661. Here he was influenced by the style of Veronese as is shown by his drawings from that time. During his stay in Northern Italy he was also introduced to the architecture of Palladio, which informed some of the decorative motifs he used in his later compositions. Upon his return to Antwerp in 1661 he joined", "id": "7354726" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof his father’s Classicism. As a result art historians have difficulty attributing some works to either artist. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus developed further on the Classicism of his father linking it with the influence of Paolo Veronese from whom he borrowed grandeur and various dynamic details. Unlike his father he liked to incorporate in his paintings grand architectural elements which were derived from the Palladian buildings he had seen in Northern Italy. As was common practice at the time, he collaborated with specialist painters in Antwerp such as the still life painter Jan Fyt", "id": "7354730" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Elder, his father Erasmus the Younger, and his uncles Artus Quellinus the Elder and Hubertus Quellinus. He was trained by his father from 1649. Jan-Erasmus travelled to Italy where he initially resided in Rome from 1657 to 1659. He became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Jan-Erasmus was given the bent name \"Seederboom\" (also", "id": "7354725" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\none of the leading artistic families in Antwerp, producing sculptors, painters and printmakers who would develop careers in Flanders and abroad. Father Erasmus Quellinus I, a sculptor, had moved from Sint-Truiden to Antwerp. The brothers of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger were both artists: Artus (1609-1668) was a leading Baroque sculptor and Hubertus (1619-1687) an engraver. Erasmus Quellinus II became a student of Jan-Baptist Verhaeghe, an obscure artist, in 1633. He became a master of the Antwerp Guild", "id": "11150843" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Me\" of 1664 (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels). These later compositions possible reflect an influence by the early work of his son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. As was common in Antwerp at the time, Quellinus collaborated with other painters. He worked with still life specialists on still lifes and portraits. Many of the still lifes fall into the category of ‘garland paintings’. Garland paintings are a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder.", "id": "11150855" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus the Younger and Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) was a Flemish painter, engraver, draughtsman and tapestry designer who worked in various genres including history, portrait, battle and animal paintings. He was a pupil of Peter Paul Rubens and was one of the closest collaborators of Rubens in the 1630s. Following Rubens’ death in 1640 he became one of the most prolific and successful painters in Flanders. Erasmus Quellinus II was born in Antwerp as the son of Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden. The Quellinus family became", "id": "11150842" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus I or Erasmus Quellinus the Elder (alternate names: Erasmus Quellinck, Erasme Quellin (I)) (Sint-Truiden, 1584 - Antwerp, 22 January 1640) was a Flemish sculptor best known for classically inspired ornamentation work and copies after the antique. He was the founder of an important Antwerp dynasty of artists. Details of his early life and training have not survived. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1606. He married Betje van Uden, the sister of the painter Lucas van", "id": "7355031" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nHis brothers became prominent artists: Erasmus was a painter and Hubertus was an engraver and painter. His sister Cornelia married his father’s pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. Artus Quellinus received his first training from his father. In the period from 1635 to 1639 he trained in Rome in the studio of his compatriot François Duquesnoy. He spent time in Lyon together with the Flemish painter Laureys Franck and was in contact there with the Dutch engraver Nicolaas van Helt Stockade and the Dutch painter Jan Asselijn. He returned to Antwerp", "id": "8459221" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\n, Joseph van den Kerckhoven, Davit van den Heuvel, Francis Cools, Allowisius de Meyere, Jan-Baptist Hyacint Breydel, Gaspar (or Jasper) de Cantelbeeck (1685-86), Jan François Blondeau and Jacobus Blondeau (1697-98). From 1712 the artist resided and worked in Mechelen where he died on 11 March 1715. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was principally a history painter who also painted the occasional portrait. He had an extensive output supported by a large workshop. His style is closely related to that", "id": "7354729" }, { "contents": "Anthoni Schoonjans\n\n\nMarch 1655. He became in the Guild year 1668-1669 in Antwerp an apprentice of Erasmus Quellinus II and that master's son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. From 1674 to 1677 the artist resided in Reims and he also spent some time in Paris. In 1674 his mother met up with her son Anthoni in Reims. He left France and from 6 January 1675 he resided in Rome, where he familiarised himself with the Italian Baroque. He shared in Rome a residence with the flower painter Carel de Vogelaer in Via Margutta.", "id": "9299848" }, { "contents": "Nicolaes van Verendael\n\n\nteacher of someone referred to as 'priest Cano' and the flower painter Jean Baptiste Morel. Van Verendael mainly painted flower pieces, vanitas still lifes and a few allegorical scenes with monkeys. His dated works are from the period between 1659 and 1690. He was highly regarded from an early age when he started working with some of the leading Antwerp painters such as David Teniers the Younger, Gonzales Coques, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Boeckhorst, Carstian Luyckx and Jan Davidsz. de Heem. His early work shows the influence of", "id": "18460769" }, { "contents": "Theodoor Boeyermans\n\n\n' dated works are dated between 1660 and 1677. He was mainly a painter of history and allegorical paintings. The artist received many important commissions for churches in his native Antwerp, the Kempen region and in Malines, but made his name in his hometown by painting secular compositions. He also painted group portraits. Together with Jan-Erasmus Quellinus, Boeyermans was one of the last important 17th-century Flemish history painters. His style was influenced by Rubens and van Dyck but he favoured a darker palette than those two artists.", "id": "6673291" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin 1662. On 9 November 1663, Erasmus Quellinus II married Françoise de Fren. De Fren was the daughter of the well-off André de Fren, secretary of the Council of Brabant, and the sister of Isabella de Fren, who was married to the court painter David Teniers II. In 1665 Quellinus designed a cenotaph for the deceased Philip IV of Spain and the decorations for the Joyous Entry of Don Francisco de Moura as governor of the Habsburg Netherlands. Erasmus Quellinus II died in Antwerp on 7 November 1678. His", "id": "11150849" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Antwerp from Rome around 1640. Artus worked in a classicizing style of Baroque under the influence of his compatriot, the sculptor François Duquesnoy, in whose workshop in Rome he had worked. This style had in turn been influenced by the Classicism of Annibale Carracci. The two brothers would from then on work together on various projects and mutually influence each other. After Rubens’ death in 1640 Erasmus Quellinus became one of the leading history painters of Flanders. He received many commissions for altarpieces in the region. In 1648 he was", "id": "11150847" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ncommissioned to make the decorations for the Joyous Entry of the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm into Antwerp, thus playing the same role as Rubens 13 years earlier for the Joyous Entry of Ferdinand. He made the decorations for the announcement of the Treaty of Westphalia in the same year. Around 1656 Erasmus worked in Amsterdam where his brother Artus was responsible for the decoration of the new City Hall. Erasmus assisted in this project and the brothers also collaborated on other commissions. Erasmus painted altarpieces for clandestine Catholic churches in Amsterdam. His first wife died", "id": "11150848" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\npupils included his son Jan Erasmus Quellinus, Guilliam Forchondt (II), Julius de Geest, Willem de Ryck, Anthoni Schoonjans, Wallerant Vaillant and Remacle Serin. Erasmus Quellinus II was a very versatile artist who worked in various genres. He received numerous commissions for altarpieces depicting Counter-Reformation themes for churches and monasteries throughout the Southern Netherlands. He also received many civic commissions which allowed him to show his learning in the depiction of scenes from ancient history and mythology and allegorical compositions. In addition, he produced portraits, battle", "id": "11150850" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof Saint Luke in 1633-1634. In the 1630s, the artist worked and likely studied in the workshop of Rubens and regularly collaborated on projects with Rubens. In 1634 Erasmus II married Catharina de Hemelaer, a niece of Jan de Hemelaer, the deacon of Antwerp Cathedral. Their son Jan Erasmus followed in his father’s footsteps and became a painter. From the notes made by his son Jan Erasmus in the margin of his copy of Cornelis de Bie’s book of artist biographies entitled Het Gulden Cabinet, it is known", "id": "11150844" }, { "contents": "Jan van Kessel the Elder\n\n\na figure painter was responsible for the figure or other image in the cartouche. His collaborators on garland paintings are believed to have included his uncle David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus the Elder, Hendrick van Balen the Elder, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly Jan Boeckhorst. An example of a collaborative garland painting made by Jan van Kessel and David Teniers the Younger is the composition (c. 1660-1670, Louvre). In this work Jan van Kessel painted a decorative garland representing the four elements around a cartouche showing a young", "id": "16247184" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin the Hermitage Museum, a collaboration with Frans Ykens. Quellinus further collaborated with the animal and still life painter Jan Fyt on portraits such as the \"Portrait of a young boy\" (Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp) of c. 1650. Quellinus also collaborated with animal painters Peter Boel and genre painter Jan van Kessel the Elder. Erasmus Quellinus II executed various tapestry designs. In 1649 he produced the designs for a tapestry series depicting the \"History of the Thurn and Taxis Family\" (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of", "id": "11150857" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nHe was a member of the well-known Quellinus family of artists from 17th century Antwerp, major center of artistic life then known as \"the Florence of the North\". Thomas Quellinus was born in Antwerp to the leading Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus II and Anna Maria Gabron, and was baptised on 17 March 1661. He trained in his father’s workshop in the art of sculpture. After completing his apprenticeship with his father, he went to London, England, where he worked with his brother Artus Quellinus III. While", "id": "11778979" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nArtus Quellinus also known as Artus (Arnoldus) Quellijn, Artus Quellinus I or Artus Quellinus the Elder (20 or 30 August 1609, Antwerp  – 23 August 1668, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor. He is regarded as the most important representative of the Baroque in sculpture in the Southern Netherlands. His work had a major influence on the development of sculpture in Northern Europe. Artus Quellinus the Elder was born into an artistic family. He was the son of the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden.", "id": "8459220" }, { "contents": "Jan Pieter Brueghel\n\n\nJan Pieter Brueghel or Jan Pieter Breughel (29 August 1628 (baptised) – 1664) was a Flemish Baroque painter specialised in flower still lifes. Brueghel was born in Antwerp. He was the son of Jan Brueghel the Younger and Anna-Maria Janssens. He joined the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645 as \"wijnmeester\". He died in Italy, after 1664, and is known for flower still lifes. He created many garland paintings on which he collaborated with other painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II who painted the", "id": "10461841" }, { "contents": "Pieter Boel\n\n\nBoel got to know the work of the Genoese artist Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione and the still life painter Giuseppe Recco. He learned from these Italian masters to heighten the dramatic effect of his canvases by emphasizing the shadows. He also used red drapes in the background, a Baroque element par excellence, to enhance the atmosphere of his compositions. Boel is known to have collaborated with fellow Antwerp artists Erasmus Quellinus II and Jacob Jordaens, who painted the human figures in his compositions. Boel was accomplished in large-scale vanitas paintings depicting an", "id": "20560716" }, { "contents": "Pieter Bruegel the Elder\n\n\n(grandson of Jan Bruegel the Elder) and Jan van Kessel the Younger. Through David Teniers, the family is also related to the whole Teniers family of painters and the Quellinus family of painters and sculptors, since Jan-Erasmus Quellinus married Cornelia, daughter of David Teniers the Younger. Bruegel's art was long more highly valued by collectors than critics. His friend Abraham Ortelius described him in a friendship album in 1574 as \"the most perfect painter of his century\", but both Vasari and Van Mander see him as", "id": "17084192" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nflowers. The subject of vanitas as depicted here was unusual for van Utrecht and shows that his role in the development of new types of still life has not been sufficiently recognized in art-historical literature. As was common in Antwerp’s art sector at the time, van Utrecht collaborated with other specialist artists, typically figure painters. He is known to have provided the still life elements in paintings by Jacob Jordaens, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Cossiers, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. He is believed to have also collaborated with David Teniers", "id": "18461245" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nHubertus Quellinus or Hubert Quellinus (August 15, 1619, Antwerp – 1687) was a Flemish printmaker, draughtsman and painter and a member of the prominent Quellinus family of artists. His engravings after the work of his brother, the Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder, were instrumental in the spread of the Flemish Baroque idiom in Europe in the second half of the 17th century. Hubertus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his father Erasmus Quellinus the Elder and his brothers,", "id": "8520392" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus III\n\n\nArtus Quellinus III (1653, Antwerp – December 1686, London) was a Flemish sculptor active in London. His name is often anglicised to Arnold Quellan, Arnold Quellin or Arnold Quellinus or mistakenly given as \"Jan Quellinus\". He was the son of Artus Quellinus II and brother to the sculptor Thomas Quellinus and the painter Cornelis Quellinus He trained in his father's workshop in Antwerp before moving to London in 1682. He was married to Frances Siberechts, youngest daughter of the Antwerp-born painter Jan Siberechts, who had", "id": "13748725" }, { "contents": "Flemish Baroque painting\n\n\npainters combined a local influence from Rubens with knowledge of classicism and Italian Baroque qualities. Artists in the vein include Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Jan van den Hoecke, Pieter van Lint, Cornelis Schut, and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Later in the century, many painters turned to Anthony van Dyck as a major influence. Among them were Pieter Thijs, Lucas Franchoys the Younger, and artists who were also inspired by Late Baroque theatricality such as Theodoor Boeyermans and Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. Additionally, a Flemish variant of \"Caravaggism\"", "id": "6030293" }, { "contents": "Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen\n\n\nthe principal representatives of Flemish high baroque sculpture. The father had been a pupil of Erasmus Quellinus I, who was himself the founder of a prominent family of artists. The father married the daughter of his master Erasmus Quellinus. From this marriage Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was born. His brother Pieter Verbrugghen II was also a sculptor and worked in the workshop of his father. Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was trained by his father. Nonetheless, he did not start his career as a sculptor but as a draughtsman working with the illuminator Jan Ruyselinck", "id": "10070115" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nand Londerzeel. Many of his paintings can be regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. He often worked from prints made after the works of these masters to create his own compositions. An example is the (Prado Museum), which is based on a print after Rafael", "id": "11181884" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Rubens pupil Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and the prominent sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. In 1650 he traveled to Rome where he joined the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Hubertus was given the bent name \"Saracin\". Quellinus was in Amsterdam by 1660 where he collaborated on a publication, which consisted of two parts: the first part consisted of 30 plates depicting the Amsterdam", "id": "8520393" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\ncompleted the frontal decoration of the organ in the Antwerp cathedral, based on a design made by Erasmus Quellinus II. He and his workshop made the oak confessionals in the St. Paul's Church in Antwerp (between 1658 and 1660). He made the oak organ case in that church in collaboration with Artus Quellinus the Elder in 1654, and together with his son Pieter Verbrugghen II he executed the designs for the high altar in 1670. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known creations. The", "id": "11276653" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nArtus Quellinus II or Artus Quellinus the Younger (alternative first name: Arnold; variation on family name: Quellijn, Quellyn, Quellien, Quellin, Quellinius) (between 10 and 20 November 1625, Sint-Truiden – 22 November 1700, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor who played an important role in the evolution of Northern-European sculpture from High Baroque to Late Baroque. Artus Quellinus II was born into an artistic family. His uncle was the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I, whose son was Artus Quellinus I,", "id": "13073282" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Some of these works are now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. He returned to Antwerp where between the years 1685 and 1712 he worked on many commissions for churches in Antwerp and throughout Flanders. He also had many pupils including Anthoni Schoonjans, Simon de Marets, Jan Carel van Eyck, Guiliam Draeger (1668-69), Christoffel Franciscus Ponsel, Jacobus de Play (1669-1670), Peeter Heymans, Franciscus Carnonckel, Franciscus Cuylen, Hieronymus Galle (1673-74)", "id": "7354728" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nthat Erasmus II obtained a degree in philosophy. This explains the fact that he wrote a philosophical tract entitled \"Philosophia\", which was recorded in the 1679 inventory of his estate. Quellinus became a regular collaborator with Rubens from 1635. He first worked on the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the new governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand. Rubens was in overall charge of this project. Quellinus made decorative paintings after designs by Rubens of which six have survived. In the period 1636-1638 Rubens", "id": "11150845" }, { "contents": "Joannes Chrysostomus Teniers\n\n\n. As abbot he took the motto \"Tene Quod Bene\" (\"Hold on to what is good\", 1 Thessalonians 5, verse 21). Teniers died in Antwerp on 30 November 1709. His portrait painted by Jan-Erasmus Quellinus is inside Tongerlo Abbey. Teniers had some reputation as a preacher and a manuscript of his sermons for feastdays was preserved in the monastery library, as well as two volumes of his notes on the works of St Augustine. One of Teniers' poems was published in the preliminary matter", "id": "1158593" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nThese paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Erasmus Quellinus II collaborated on garland paintings with still life specialists, such as his brother-in-law Jan Philip van Thielen, Daniel Seghers, Jan Pieter Brueghel, Frans Ykens, Peter Willebeeck and Jan Anton van der Baren. These collaborators painted the flower garland while Quellinus painted the figures and architectural setting. An example is the \"Holy Family in a Wreath of Flowers\"", "id": "11150856" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\n’ workshop received a large commission to make mythological decorations for the hunting pavilion Torre de la Parada of the Spanish king Philip IV near Madrid. For this project Quellinus painted decorations after oil sketches by Rubens some of which have been preserved (Prado Museum). In early 1637 Quellinus drew frontispieces for the Antwerp printing house Plantin Press according to Rubens’ instructions regarding iconography and layout. These drawings were in Quellinus’ own style as Rubens let him a free hand in the design of the modelli. His brother Artus Quellinus I returned", "id": "11150846" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nwith living people and animals. Van Utrecht also painted a number of flower still lifes. He was a regular collaborator with leading Antwerp painters who had been pupils or assistants of Peter Paul Rubens, such as Jacob Jordaens, David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus II, Gerard Seghers, Theodoor Rombouts, Abraham van Diepenbeeck and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Adriaen van Utrecht was born in Antwerp as the son of Abel van Utrecht en Anne Huybrecht. In 1614 he became a pupil of Herman de Neyt, a painter and art dealer who", "id": "18461230" }, { "contents": "Baroque sculpture\n\n\nof a family of famous sculptors and painters, and son of another sculptor, Erasmus Quellinus. He settled in Antwerp in 1639. He became close to Rubens, and his work applied many of the principles of the compositions of Rubens to sculpture. Another important Belgian Baroque sculptor was Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen (1654–1724), who carved very elaborate sculptures, full of biblical scenes, flora and fauna,allegories and symbols for the ceremonial puppets the cathedrals and churches in Brussels, Louvain, Antwerp, Mechelen, and other cities. Early", "id": "16040697" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nwas back in Antwerp in 1657 and became an Antwerp burgher on 11 May 1663. His wife died on 15 October 1668 and the next year Artus remarried to Cornelia Volders. In the latter part of his life Quellinus received many commissions, primarily for church furnishings and tomb sculptures. His pupils include Alexander van Papenhoven, Thomas Quellinus, Jan van den Steen, (1633–1723), the Master of the St. Luke in Antwerp, Cornelis van Scheyck (1679–1680); Balten Rubbens (1685–1686); Adriaen Govaerts (1690–91) and", "id": "13073285" }, { "contents": "Peter Ykens\n\n\ntrained 28 pupils including Karel Breydel, Erasmus Causse, Gaspaer Janssens, Jan Thomas van Kessel, Henderick van Mael, Francis Scalie, Jan Baptist Kretsaert and Jacob Leyssens. His eldest son Jan Frans became a staffage painter who collaborated with still life painters of flowers and fruit. He died in Antwerp. He painted portraits and Christian religious representations and made a large number of altarpieces and paintings for local churches and palaces. As was the custom in Antwerp at the time, he often worked together with other painters who were specialists in", "id": "8049116" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\n. The couple had six children of whom three became artists: Artus Quellinus III and Thomas Quellinus were both successful sculptors whereas Cornelis Quellinus became a painter about whom little is known. The young Artus joined his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Amsterdam around 1653 where he became one of the members of the team of artists that worked under the direction of Artus I on the decoration of the newly built City Hall on the Dam Square. The artist traveled to Italy and probably visited Turin, Florence and Rome between 1655 and 1657. He", "id": "13073284" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nUden. The couple had three sons: Erasmus, who would become a painter and engraver, Artus, who would follow in his father’s footsteps and become a sculptor, and Hubertus, who became an engraver and painter. His daughter Cornelia Quellinus married his pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. He was the teacher of Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder, Melchior Charles, Wallerant Vaillant, Joos Sterck (1607); Rombout Claes (1609), Melchior van der Lanen (1612), Hans Franscoys (1614),", "id": "7355032" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nfurther inspired by the cult of veneration and devotion to Mary prevalent at the Habsburg court (then the rulers over the Southern Netherlands) and in Antwerp generally. Garland paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image, portrait or other religious symbol (such as the host). The paintings are usually a collaboration between a flower painter and a staffage painter. Van Thielen produced multiple garland paintings in collaboration with other artists. His collaborators included his brother-in-law Erasmus Quellinus II, Nicolas de Largilliere, Jan van", "id": "12866287" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nhe was the brother-in-law of Erasmus Quellinus II. Erasmus Quelllinus was married to the sister of his wife and would become one of the leading history painters in Flanders after the deaths of Rubens and van Dyck. Quellinus drew van Thielens’ portrait that was engraved by Richard Collin for Cornelis de Bie's book of artist biographies Het Gulden Cabinet. Van Thielen and his wife had 9 children. Because he liked flower painting he changed masters in 1641 and began training with Daniel Seghers, the leading flower painter in Flanders", "id": "12866282" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nbe regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. Typical examples of his work are the painting \"A Poor Company at Table in a Rustic Kitchen\" held by the National Trust at Tyntesfield and oil on copper religious paintings, such as \"Daniel in the Lion's Den\"", "id": "11181882" }, { "contents": "Mattheus Borrekens\n\n\nAntwerp on 25 December 1670. Mattheus Borrekens was mainly a reproductive printmaker. He made prints after the work of leading Flemish painters of his time such as Rubens, van Dyck, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Abraham van Diepenbeeck, Jan Thomas van Ieperen, Pieter van Lint and Cornelis Schut. He mainly concentrated on Christian religious subjects and portraits. He also engraved frontispieces of publications such as Christophe Butkens's\"Trophées tant sacrés et profanes du Duché de Brabant\". 1724-1726. For this publication he engraved after a design by van Diepenbeeck", "id": "2345697" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nmaster’s daughter, Cornelia Quellinus. Through his marriage he became the brother in law of the leading Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1641 and in 1659 he became the deacon of the Guild. His first wife died in 1662, and he remarried in 1665, to Elisabeth Lemmens. He was the father of the sculptors Pieter Verbrugghen II and Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen. His daughter Suzanna married the sculptor Peeter Meesens. His pupils included some of the leading representatives of the", "id": "11276651" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nhave made individual statues, none of which have survived. In 1635 he was awarded the contract to make the pulpit of the St. Elisabeth Hospital in Antwerp. This work is an example of early Baroque in Antwerp and shows Erasmus’ mastery of balance and symmetry, even though there is no sense of realism. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known commissions. He made the original design for the pulpit, which, after his death, was somewhat changed by his son Artus while Pieter Verbrugghen", "id": "7355034" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Barbé\n\n\nNicolaas Lauwers for infringement of privileges relating to prints he had created, he received the support of Rubens. Barbé married Christien (or Christina) Wierix, the daughter of the prominent engraver and publisher Hieronymus Wierix on 30 March 1620. According to the contemporary notes of the painter Erasmus Quellinus II, Barbé was a very ugly person, while his daughter, who was a gifted engraver, was counted among 'the most beautiful women of Antwerp'. Hieronymus Wierix , the father of his wife, had died in 1619 before the", "id": "20064889" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nthe most successful Flemish Baroque sculptor of the mid 17th century. Artus II is likely to have received his training as a sculptor from his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Antwerp to where he must have moved from his native city of Sint-Truiden (then in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, now in the Belgian province of Limburg). Artus Quellinus II became a master of the Guild of Saint Luke in Antwerp in 1650–51. Artus Quellinus II married Anna Maria Gabron, the sister of the painter Willem Gabron, in 1653", "id": "13073283" }, { "contents": "Daniel Seghers\n\n\n, the collaborators are not always known with certainty. It is known he often worked with Cornelis Schut, Erasmus Quellinus II, Abraham van Diepenbeek, Simon de Vos, Jan van den Hoecke, Gonzales Coques and Rubens. Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert is also mentioned as his collaborator. It is possible that Seghers collaborated with Rubens on a garland painting for the Saint Carolus Borromeus church in Antwerp. During his stay in Rome he also collaborated with Poussin and Domenichino. Unlike in his later collaborations, Seghers is believed to have added flower garlands", "id": "7240113" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nErasmus de Bie (1629 in Antwerp – 1675 in Antwerp) was a Flemish Baroque painter known for his city views and genre scenes. He depicted several lively scenes of large public celebrations in his hometown of Antwerp. It is not clear whether the views of Italianate cities and landscapes attributed to him are the work of Adriaen de Bie, a Flemish painter from Lier who worked in Italy for a while. Very little is known about the life of Erasmus de Bie. He was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter", "id": "4566739" }, { "contents": "Willem Gabron\n\n\n. He was first registered in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke as a ‘wijnmeester’ (i.e. son of a master of the Guild) in the guild year 1640-41, along with his younger brother Antoon. His sister Anna Maria married the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Younger. Gabron travelled to Rome, at the latest by 1646. Here he became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the", "id": "12740318" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nBaroque painter, and the engraving of the frontispiece was made by Jacob Neefs (Antwerp, June 3, 1610 – 1660), also after a design by Erasmus Quellinus the Younger. Christoffel Plantin (1520–1589), grandfather of Balthasar Moretus, set up his printing shop called 'De Gulden Passer' (Golden Compasses) in Antwerp in 1555, publishing both Catholic and Protestant literature. This Frenchman, who fled his native country to Antwerp to escape the persecution during the 1540s, was the best-known printer of his time", "id": "2235324" }, { "contents": "Jan Anton van der Baren\n\n\nare a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder. These paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Van der Baren collaborated on garland paintings with other painters, such as Erasmus Quellinus II and the Flemish émigré painter Nikolaus van Hoy. These collaborators painted the devotional image while van der Baren painted the flower garland. An example is the \"Garland of flowers surrounding the Holy Family", "id": "16752890" }, { "contents": "Jacob de Formentrou\n\n\nthe conclusion that the painting is not a collaboration between all the artists whose works are represented in the painting but rather represents the combined effort of de Formentrou and Erasmus Quellinus II, a leading Antwerp painter. F. G. Meijer on the other hand believes that the composition is a collaboration between all of the artists whose work are depicted. He attributes the composition and the various pictures depicted in it as follows: The painting can be read as a reference to connoisseurship, and in particular the connoisseur's activity of evaluating the authorship of", "id": "8771731" }, { "contents": "Nicolaas van Eyck\n\n\nstarted to study in 1632. He was a captain of a local schutterij and this may be a reason why he painted military scenes. He was friends with the flower painter Jan Philip van Thielen, who had also been a pupil of Rombouts. Van Eyck was godfather to at least one of van Thielen's nine children. He was the teacher of Pieter Hofman. His sons Nicolaas II and Jan Carel van Eyck became painters. Jan Carel was a student of Jan Erasmus Quellinus and spent time in Italy. Nicolaas van Eyck", "id": "8735899" }, { "contents": "Philips Augustijn Immenraet\n\n\nwould paint the landscape while the other specialist painters would take care of other aspects of the painting such as staffage, architecture, animals or still life elements. A collaboration with Erasmus Quellinus II is reported by the Dutch biographer Arnold Houbraken. The Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium holds the 1672 painting \"The Legend of William Tell shown to the Antwerp Guild of St Sebastian\", which is a collaboration between Immenraet, Wilhelm Schubert van Ehrenberg (who painted the architecture) and Karel-Emmanuel Biset. He also worked with", "id": "10869502" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nUniversity – the same city where Jan Baptist Zangrius was also active. Here Lobkowitz published a major work titled \"Theologia Moralis ad prima, eaque clarissima principia reducta\" printed by Perus Zangrius (Lovanii, typis ac sumptibus Petrus Zangrius, 1645). His book titled \"Philippus Prudens\" containing some hatched arms was published in 1639 by Balthasar Moretus in Antwerp. The coats of arms were engraved by Cornelius Galle the Younger, after the drawings of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger (Antwerp, 1607 - Antwerp, 1678), a Flemish", "id": "2235323" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nFrans de Bie the Elder. He was baptised on 20 December 1629 in the St. Walburga church in Antwerp. He became a pupil of David Ryckaert III in 1641 and was admitted as a master in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645-1646. He married Catharina Douglas, called de Schot (the Scot), and was the father of Frans and Jan Baptist de Bie, who both became painters. Jan Baptist emigrated to Vienna where he remained active. Erasmus de Bie had pupils in 1660 and in 1666,", "id": "4566740" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck (III)\n\n\nSnellinck the Younger was a genre and history painter. His great-grandfather was the prominent Flemish painter and art dealer Jan Snellinck the Elder, who was originally from Mechelen and worked most of his career in Antwerp. Jan Snellinck (III)'s grand-uncles Daniel and Gerard were also painters. Very little is known about the life of Jan Snellinck (III). He likely trained with his father. He was active in Rotterdam for his entire career. The death date and place of Jan Snellinck are not known but", "id": "10515381" }, { "contents": "Anton Goubau\n\n\nat the front on the right, which expresses the transience of power and fame. In addition to his cityscapes, Goubau painted many religious compositions, especially designed for churches in Antwerp. He also made a number of religious paintings on copper as part of a series made for the Spanish market to which other Flemish painters such as Willem van Herp, Erasmus Quellinus II, and possibly Abraham Willemsens contributed. The series is now kept in the Convent of las Comendadoras de Santiaga in Madrid. He painted portraits as evidenced by the portrait", "id": "4569148" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof forms achieved through a sculptural use of light. Quellinus’ oldest known work is the 1634 \"Adoration of the Shepherds\" (Alte Pinakothek, Munich), which is in this Caravaggesque mode. From the 1640s, his style took on a classicizing aspect and a sculptured look. Erasmus never travelled to Italy so this stylistic development was likely influenced by the work of his brother Artus, who introduced his own style of classicizing Baroque in Flemish sculpture after returning from Rome in 1640. Both brothers depicted similar idealizing Antique figures in", "id": "11150852" }, { "contents": "Jan Siberechts\n\n\nEngland around 1672 and spent the first three years in England painting decorations in the Duke’s newly built Cliveden House at Taplow, Buckinghamshire, England. From the second part of the 1670s and in the 1680s he travelled widely in England completing numerous commissions for aristocratic clients. He lived in London where one of his daughters was a lace-maker for the Queen. His younger daughter, Frances, married the Flemish émigré sculptor Artus Quellinus III (known in England as 'Arnold Quellinus') and, after being widowed, John", "id": "14682967" }, { "contents": "Jan Fyt\n\n\n, Fyt collaborated regularly with other painters who were specialist in other areas such as figure, landscape or architectural painting. He thus relied on figure painters such as Cornelius Schut, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly on occasion Jacob Jordaens and on figure and architectural painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II. Jan Fyt produced many drawings of animals based usually on studies from nature. The Hermitage holds a large gouache drawing of a \"\". It is rich in colour and carefully executed and was likely intended as a model for tapestry cartoon. Fyt", "id": "1007601" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nartistic direction over the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the newly appointed governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, Leo van Heil worked as Quellinus' architectural assistant. The Archduke became his patron and appointed him as his court architect and commissioned various projects from van Heil, including a stone gate for the Archduke's palace in Brussels. The painter and printmaker Renier Meganck, who later worked as a court painter in Vienna, became a pupil of Leo van Heil in Brussels in 1656. In his time Leo van", "id": "8052851" }, { "contents": "Gerard Seghers\n\n\nGerard Seghers (1591 in Antwerp – 18 March 1651 in Antwerp) was a Flemish painter, art collector and art dealer. After a period of study of study and residence in Rome, he returned to Flanders where he became one of the leading representatives of the Flemish Caravaggisti movement. In his later career he abandoned the Caravaggist style and genre motifs to become an important painter of large altarpieces for local churches. Gerard Seghers was born in Antwerp as the son of innkeeper Jan Seghers and his wife Ida de Neve. He was", "id": "7355415" }, { "contents": "Jacob Leyssens\n\n\nJacob Leyssens or Jacob Lyssens (nickname Notenkraker) (1661, Antwerp - 1710, Antwerp), was a Flemish painter and decorator. After training in Antwerp, he spent a long time in Rome. After his return to Antwerp, he was active as a painter and decorator and collaborated with prominent Antwerp still life painters such as Gaspar Peeter Verbruggen the Younger and Jan Baptist Bosschaert. He was a student of Peter Ykens in 1674. He travelled to Rome at a young age as he is mentioned there in 1680. He", "id": "13757002" }, { "contents": "Francesco Ruschi\n\n\nFrancesco Ruschi was an Italian painter born in Rome around 1610. He studied in Rome under Giuseppe Cesari (Cavalier d'Arpino), Francesco Albani and Pietro da Cortona. His work also shows the influence of Caravaggio. He settled in Venice before 1629. He became a friend of the writer Giovan Francesco Loredan, for whom he drew the cover pages of several works. He moved to Treviso from 1656, and died there in 1661. Ruschi was influenced by the paintings of Paolo Veronese in his academic and decorative interpretations. These include", "id": "14035066" }, { "contents": "St. Peter in Chains Church (Beringen)\n\n\nor Vandereyt) and date from the late 17th century. Jan Rutten from Sint-Truiden completed the stalls after the death of Laurens Vandenreyt. The Baroque high altar contains a painting representing Christ on the cross attributed to the Antwerp painter Erasmus Quellinus II. The side altars are portico altars and contain the Baroque paintings \" Assumption and Coronation of Mary\" and the \"Finding of the Cross\", both by Anton Goubau. The rood screen is neogothic. The organ was manufactured in 1853 by Henri Vermeersch from Duffel and is the", "id": "12887333" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck\n\n\nJan Snellinck or Jan Snellinck (I) (Mechelen, c. 1548 – Antwerp, 1 October 1638) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and designer of tapestries, prints and frescoes. He is known for his large altarpieces and was also recognized as a leading battle painter in his time. Snellinck was active as an art dealer and art collector. Jan Snellinck was born in Mechelen as the son of Daniël Snellinck I, a painter and hawker, and Cornelia Verhulst (alias: Bessemeers). His mother came from a family", "id": "12059012" }, { "contents": "Paul de Vos\n\n\n. De Vos was able to develop his own personal style that accentuated abrupt movement, the gruesome aspects of hunts, used warmer colours and a broader brush stroke than Snyders. He also expanded the iconographic tradition with scenes of fighting cats and horses attacked by wolves. As was common amongst artists in 17th-century Antwerp, De Vos frequently collaborated with other painters. He collaborated with Rubens, Anthony van Dyck (, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg), Erasmus Quellinus II, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert, Adriaen van Utrecht and Jan Wildens", "id": "4556665" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nPieter Verbrugghen I (alternative spellings: \"Pieter Verbruggen I\", \"Peter van der Brugghen I\", \"Pieter van der Brugghen I\", \"Peter Verbrugghen I\", \"Peeter Verbrugghen I\") (1615, Antwerp – 1686, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor from the Baroque. He was apprenticed in 1625 as a 'beeltsnijder' (sculptor) to Simon de Neef, who was an 'antijcsnijder' (ornamental sculptor). Later he worked under Erasmus Quellinus I and in 1641 he married his", "id": "11276650" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nThomas Quellinus (March 1661 – September 1709), also known, especially in Denmark, as Thomas Qvellinus, was a Flemish baroque sculptor. He was born in Antwerp but worked mainly in Copenhagen, Denmark. He is especially known for the production of grandiose and sumptuous memorial chapels, sepulchral monuments and epitaphs, which can be found in churches throughout Denmark and northern Germany’s Schleswig-Holstein area. His chapels and monuments are dramatically composed, executed in rare, differently coloured types of marble and framed by monumental architectural components.", "id": "11778978" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nscenes and designs for tapestries. Like Rubens, Quellinus was a \"pictor doctus\" with a strong grounding in ancient history and philosophy. He had built an extensive library and art collection. This learning is reflected in the subject matter of his work. Even while he was a frequent collaborator with Rubens’ workshop in the 1630s, Quellinus developed a personal style distinctive from that of Rubens. This style is reminiscent of the Antwerp followers of Caravaggio such as Theodoor Rombouts and Gerard Seghers. Characteristics of this style are the strong modeling", "id": "11150851" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Bosschaert\n\n\nJan Baptist Bosschaert or Jan Baptist Bosschaert the Younger (baptized on 17 December 1667 in Antwerp –1746 in Antwerp) was a Flemish still life painter who is principally known for his decorative still lifes with flowers. He collaborated with figure artists on compositions which combined allegorical or mythological scenes with a still life element. He was active in Antwerp. Jan Baptist Bosschaert was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter-baker Jan Baptist and his second wife Joanna de Bie, the sister of the painter Erasmus de Bie. His", "id": "20819606" }, { "contents": "Wallerant Vaillant\n\n\nWallerant Vaillant (30 May 1623 – 28 August 1677) was a painter of the Dutch Golden Age and one of the first artists to use the mezzotint technique, which he probably helped to develop. Wallerant Vaillant was born in Lille, the oldest of five brothers who all became successful painters. It is said Wallerant was a student of Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) in Antwerp. He moved with his parents in 1643 to Amsterdam. In 1647 he lived in Middelburg, but in 1649 he was back in Amsterdam. In", "id": "8302348" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nHans Bernaert (or Beernart) (1615) and Christoffel de la Fontaine (1633–34). His work is not well known since only a few of his works have survived. Erasmus is primarily known as a sculptor who drew inspiration from antiquity. He worked in the late Renaissance style although his later work shows a development towards early Baroque. The bulk of his commissions consisted of the renovation and replacement of church furniture that had been destroyed during the iconoclastic troubles of the 16th century. Besides decorative work, he is known to", "id": "7355033" }, { "contents": "Rombaut Pauwels\n\n\nbrother of François Duquesnoy, and the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus also worked in this workshop in Rome. They and Rombaut Pauwels brought the moderate Baroque style of François Duquesnoy with them when they returned to the Southern Netherlands. After his return to Flanders, Rombaut Pauwels was active mainly in his hometown Mechelen and in Ghent. Rombaut Pauwels’ pupils included the brothers Hendrik and Jan Matthys. Rombaut Pauwels was a capable sculptor who worked in the classicizing Baroque style pioneered by François Duquesnoy but he lacked the virtuoso technique of his contemporaries Artus Quellinus", "id": "9167166" }, { "contents": "Lucas de Wael\n\n\nLucas de Wael (3 March 1591 – 25 October 1661) was a Flemish painter, engraver and merchant. He was born in Antwerp and worked for some time in Genoa in Italy before returning to Antwerp, where he died. Lucas de Wael was born into an artistic family in Antwerp as the son of the painter Jan de Wael I (1558-1633). His mother Gertrude de Jode came from a family of artists: her father was the cartographer Gerard de Jode and her brother was the engraver Peter de Jode", "id": "2957457" }, { "contents": "Jan van Balen\n\n\nGaspard, Theodoor van Thulden, Jan de Labare and Erasmus Quellinus the Younger on the execution of designs for the gallery on the Meir and the triumphal arch at St. John's Church in Antwerp. The overall design of the decorations was under the direction of Rubens. [[File:Jan Brueghel II, Jan van Balen - The Feast of Bacchus (Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus).jpg|thumb|\"The Feast of Bacchus\", with [[Jan Brueghel the Younger]] Jan van Balen left on 8 September 1639 with his brother Gaspard on", "id": "19729208" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nfor the Council Chamber, is repeated in a painting by Erasmus. This development towards classicist rigidity may reflect the influence of French art with its preference for classicism. Erasmus’ work also gained a theatrical aspect as reflected in the 1652 painting \"Artemisia\" (Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, University of Glasgow). The painting has a theatrical background like a park. This tendency became more evident in the 1660s when his paintings started to include grandiose scenery with flamboyant architecture. This is clear in the \"Let the Children Come", "id": "11150854" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nin particular the marble decorations he and his workshop produced, became an example for other buildings in Amsterdam. The team of sculptors that Artus supervised during his work on the Amsterdam city hall included many sculptors who would become leading sculptors in their own right such as his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Rombout Verhulst, Bartholomeus Eggers and Gabriël Grupello and probably also Grinling Gibbons. He returned to work in Antwerp in 1658 and remained active mainly in this city until his death. His many pupils included his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Martin Deurweerders", "id": "8459223" }, { "contents": "David Teniers III\n\n\nDavid Teniers III, also referred to as David Teniers junior (baptized 10 July 1638 – 2 October 1685) was a Flemish painter and tapestry designer who was mainly active in Antwerp, Madrid and Brussels. He is known for his portraits, religious compositions and genre scenes. David Teniers III was born in Antwerp where he was baptized on July 10 in the St. James' Church. He was a scion of two very prominent artist families from Antwerp: his father was the painter David Teniers the Younger and his mother was Anna", "id": "17442937" }, { "contents": "Gerard Douffet\n\n\nGerard Douffet (6 aug 1594 – 1660/1661), also known as Doufeet or Duffeit, was a Flemish painter. He was born at Liège in 1594, and studied for some time at Antwerp in the school of Rubens, and afterwards in Italy. He composed and designed with good taste, and his historical pictures are much esteemed. 'Pope Nicholas V. at the Tomb of St. Francis of Assisi ' (painted in 1627), 'St. Helena and the true Cross' (painted for the Abbey of St. Lawrence,", "id": "6883668" }, { "contents": "Jan van Buken\n\n\nJan van Buken or Jan van Beucken (10 March 1635 – 6 February 1690) was a Flemish painter mainly known for his genre paintings and still lifes. Jan van Buken was born in Antwerp. He became a master in the Guild of Saint Luke in 1658 where he was registered under the name 'Jan van Beucken'. In the period from 1666 to 1682 he worked in Rome while regularly travelling back to Antwerp. He returned to live in Antwerp after the death of his parents. Jan Baptist Beveren was registered as", "id": "15324731" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ntheir work in this period. His \"Adoration of the Holy Sacrament\" (1646) was painted in this style. From c. 1650 this classicism in his work became rigid and his compositions from this period made use of a limited number of stereotyped and idealized figure types. This stylistic development is evident in the interior decorations he made for the new City Hall of Amsterdam, which he executed in collaboration with his brother Artus. The brothers achieved stylistic agreement in this commission: the \"Judgement of Solomon\", which Artus sculpted", "id": "11150853" }, { "contents": "Nikolaus van Hoy\n\n\nhe would have met in Rome and had later joined him in Brussels. At about 1667 he became the court painter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria. He retained this post until his death in Vienna in 1679. He was succeeded at the court by his son Nickolaus van Hoey the Younger (Antwerp 1660- Vienna ca. 1710). He made landscapes and portraits. He engraved religious scenes and mythological figures adapted from originals of Veronese, Barocci and Raphael. He was one of the", "id": "16812974" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\ngenres including cattle market scenes, Italianate landscapes and village scenes. He is probably best known for his depiction of festivals and processions set in his native Antwerp. His village scenes are reminiscent of the genre scenes of David Teniers the Younger. He also took his inspiration from other Flemish artists. For instance, his composition \"\" likely drew its inspiration from similar paintings representing processions in cities by Flemish artists such as Pieter van Aelst and Erasmus de Bie. He painted many scenes of cattle markets, which offered him the opportunity to", "id": "3658943" }, { "contents": "Jan van den Hecke\n\n\nKunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Archduke Leopold Wilhem must have particularly liked his flower pieces as all of van den Hecke's paintings which he collected were pictures of flowers in vases and baskets and garland paintings. Van Hecke returned to Antwerp around 1657. In 1660 he married Maria Adriana Heyens with whom he had three children. His son, known as Jan van den Hecke II, was born in 1661 and became a popular painter of flowers as well as other types of still life. His two known pupils were Peeter vander Elstraeten (", "id": "14931009" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nLeo van Heil (Brussels, 1605 – c.1664), was a Flemish architect, painter and miniature painter mainly of flowers and insects. He is chiefly remembered for his designs of the Brigittines chapel and the tower of the Saint Nicholas Church, both in Brussels. Leo van Heil was born in Brussels. He had two brothers who were also artists: Jan Baptist van Heil was a portrait painter and Daniel van Heil was a landscape painter specialising in winter scenes or burning fires. When in 1648 Erasmus Quellinus was given the general", "id": "8052850" }, { "contents": "Jan Verhas\n\n\ngovernment awarded him a special subsidy of 1,200 francs and commissioned from him a composition depicting the Battle of Kallo. In 1862 he travelled via Paris and Lyon to Italy, where he made stops in Turin, Milan and Venice. He remained in Venice for two to three months, studying and copying the masters. Lack of funds forced him to leave Italy. He travelled back via Paris where his brother Frans was working at the time. Jan assisted his brother in the execution of several decorative projects. Afterwards he resided in Antwerp", "id": "9399028" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\nPeeter the Elder and Joris became painters. Alexander trained under his father. He became a master in the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1685. On 11 August 1685, he married Cornelia Sporckmans, daughter of the Antwerp history painter Hubert Sporckmans. They had three daughters and six sons of whom Jan Frans became a painter. Alexander van Bredael died in Antwerp. His pupils include his son Jan Frans, Peeter Busschop, Johan Baptist Govaerts, Guielmus van Ryn and Pieter Snyers. Alexander van Bredael painted in a wide variety of", "id": "3658942" }, { "contents": "Filippo Zaniberti\n\n\nFilippo Zaniberti (1585–1636) was an Italian painter of the late Mannerist period. He was born in Brescia and active in Venice, where he became a pupil of Santo Peranda. Zaniberti's style recalls the richness of Paolo Veronese. He painted a \"Mannah in the desert\" for the main altarpiece of the church of Santa Maria Nuova of Venice. He worked alongside the fellow Peranda disciple, Matteo Ponzone, in the decoration of the Ducal palace of Mirandola. He painted a \"Marriage of St Catherine\" for the church", "id": "19300082" }, { "contents": "St. Paul's Church, Antwerp\n\n\ntwisted marble columns. The painting \"Adoration of the shepherds\" by Rubens forms the altar piece. The Maria Chapel also contains a white marble sculpture of \"Our Lady of Sorrows\" by Jan Pieter van Baurscheit de Elder. The church holds elaborate tomb monuments attributed to Johannes van Mildert, Pieter Verbrugghen II and Andries Colyns de Nole. The 17th century organ is regarded as one of the most important organs of Belgium. The monumental organ case was sculpted by Pieter Verbrugghen I after a design by Erasmus Quellinus II. In 1623", "id": "10432986" }, { "contents": "David Teniers the Elder\n\n\nDavid Teniers the Elder (158229 July 1649), Flemish painter, was born at Antwerp. Having received his first training in the painter's art from his brother Juliaen, he studied under Rubens in Antwerp, and subsequently under Elsheimer in Rome; he became a member of the Antwerp guild of painters in 1606. Though his ambition led him at times to try his skill in large religious, historical and mythological compositions, his claim to fame depends chiefly on his landscapes and paintings of peasants carousing, of kermesse scenes and the", "id": "12948361" } ]

[ { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke as a 'wijnmeester', i.e. the son of a member of the Guild. The next year he married Cornelia Teniers, the daughter of painter David Teniers the Younger. Jan Erasmus Quellinus received many commissions including a large commission for paintings destined for Antwerp’s Saint Michael's Abbey. Around 1680 Quellinus worked in Vienna for the Habsburg court as a court painter to Emperor Leopold I. Among other works, the most important commission he completed was a series of 15 ceiling paintings on events in the life", "id": "7354727" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nJan-Erasmus Quellinus or Jan Erasmus Quellinus (1634 in Antwerp – 11 March 1715 in Mechelen) was a Flemish painter and draughtsman and a member of the famous Quellinus family of artists. He was one of the last prominent representatives of the great Flemish school of history and portrait painting in the 17th century. His work displays the classicizing influences of his father Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and Paolo Veronese. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his grandfather Erasmus Quellinus", "id": "7354724" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nwritten as \" Sederboom\"), which means 'cedar tree'. He is also reported to have used another nickname: 'Corpus'. Quellinus later moved to Venice where he resided from circa 1660 to 1661. Here he was influenced by the style of Veronese as is shown by his drawings from that time. During his stay in Northern Italy he was also introduced to the architecture of Palladio, which informed some of the decorative motifs he used in his later compositions. Upon his return to Antwerp in 1661 he joined", "id": "7354726" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof his father’s Classicism. As a result art historians have difficulty attributing some works to either artist. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus developed further on the Classicism of his father linking it with the influence of Paolo Veronese from whom he borrowed grandeur and various dynamic details. Unlike his father he liked to incorporate in his paintings grand architectural elements which were derived from the Palladian buildings he had seen in Northern Italy. As was common practice at the time, he collaborated with specialist painters in Antwerp such as the still life painter Jan Fyt", "id": "7354730" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Elder, his father Erasmus the Younger, and his uncles Artus Quellinus the Elder and Hubertus Quellinus. He was trained by his father from 1649. Jan-Erasmus travelled to Italy where he initially resided in Rome from 1657 to 1659. He became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Jan-Erasmus was given the bent name \"Seederboom\" (also", "id": "7354725" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\none of the leading artistic families in Antwerp, producing sculptors, painters and printmakers who would develop careers in Flanders and abroad. Father Erasmus Quellinus I, a sculptor, had moved from Sint-Truiden to Antwerp. The brothers of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger were both artists: Artus (1609-1668) was a leading Baroque sculptor and Hubertus (1619-1687) an engraver. Erasmus Quellinus II became a student of Jan-Baptist Verhaeghe, an obscure artist, in 1633. He became a master of the Antwerp Guild", "id": "11150843" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Me\" of 1664 (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels). These later compositions possible reflect an influence by the early work of his son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. As was common in Antwerp at the time, Quellinus collaborated with other painters. He worked with still life specialists on still lifes and portraits. Many of the still lifes fall into the category of ‘garland paintings’. Garland paintings are a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder.", "id": "11150855" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus the Younger and Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) was a Flemish painter, engraver, draughtsman and tapestry designer who worked in various genres including history, portrait, battle and animal paintings. He was a pupil of Peter Paul Rubens and was one of the closest collaborators of Rubens in the 1630s. Following Rubens’ death in 1640 he became one of the most prolific and successful painters in Flanders. Erasmus Quellinus II was born in Antwerp as the son of Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden. The Quellinus family became", "id": "11150842" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus I or Erasmus Quellinus the Elder (alternate names: Erasmus Quellinck, Erasme Quellin (I)) (Sint-Truiden, 1584 - Antwerp, 22 January 1640) was a Flemish sculptor best known for classically inspired ornamentation work and copies after the antique. He was the founder of an important Antwerp dynasty of artists. Details of his early life and training have not survived. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1606. He married Betje van Uden, the sister of the painter Lucas van", "id": "7355031" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nHis brothers became prominent artists: Erasmus was a painter and Hubertus was an engraver and painter. His sister Cornelia married his father’s pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. Artus Quellinus received his first training from his father. In the period from 1635 to 1639 he trained in Rome in the studio of his compatriot François Duquesnoy. He spent time in Lyon together with the Flemish painter Laureys Franck and was in contact there with the Dutch engraver Nicolaas van Helt Stockade and the Dutch painter Jan Asselijn. He returned to Antwerp", "id": "8459221" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\n, Joseph van den Kerckhoven, Davit van den Heuvel, Francis Cools, Allowisius de Meyere, Jan-Baptist Hyacint Breydel, Gaspar (or Jasper) de Cantelbeeck (1685-86), Jan François Blondeau and Jacobus Blondeau (1697-98). From 1712 the artist resided and worked in Mechelen where he died on 11 March 1715. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was principally a history painter who also painted the occasional portrait. He had an extensive output supported by a large workshop. His style is closely related to that", "id": "7354729" }, { "contents": "Anthoni Schoonjans\n\n\nMarch 1655. He became in the Guild year 1668-1669 in Antwerp an apprentice of Erasmus Quellinus II and that master's son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. From 1674 to 1677 the artist resided in Reims and he also spent some time in Paris. In 1674 his mother met up with her son Anthoni in Reims. He left France and from 6 January 1675 he resided in Rome, where he familiarised himself with the Italian Baroque. He shared in Rome a residence with the flower painter Carel de Vogelaer in Via Margutta.", "id": "9299848" }, { "contents": "Nicolaes van Verendael\n\n\nteacher of someone referred to as 'priest Cano' and the flower painter Jean Baptiste Morel. Van Verendael mainly painted flower pieces, vanitas still lifes and a few allegorical scenes with monkeys. His dated works are from the period between 1659 and 1690. He was highly regarded from an early age when he started working with some of the leading Antwerp painters such as David Teniers the Younger, Gonzales Coques, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Boeckhorst, Carstian Luyckx and Jan Davidsz. de Heem. His early work shows the influence of", "id": "18460769" }, { "contents": "Theodoor Boeyermans\n\n\n' dated works are dated between 1660 and 1677. He was mainly a painter of history and allegorical paintings. The artist received many important commissions for churches in his native Antwerp, the Kempen region and in Malines, but made his name in his hometown by painting secular compositions. He also painted group portraits. Together with Jan-Erasmus Quellinus, Boeyermans was one of the last important 17th-century Flemish history painters. His style was influenced by Rubens and van Dyck but he favoured a darker palette than those two artists.", "id": "6673291" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin 1662. On 9 November 1663, Erasmus Quellinus II married Françoise de Fren. De Fren was the daughter of the well-off André de Fren, secretary of the Council of Brabant, and the sister of Isabella de Fren, who was married to the court painter David Teniers II. In 1665 Quellinus designed a cenotaph for the deceased Philip IV of Spain and the decorations for the Joyous Entry of Don Francisco de Moura as governor of the Habsburg Netherlands. Erasmus Quellinus II died in Antwerp on 7 November 1678. His", "id": "11150849" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Antwerp from Rome around 1640. Artus worked in a classicizing style of Baroque under the influence of his compatriot, the sculptor François Duquesnoy, in whose workshop in Rome he had worked. This style had in turn been influenced by the Classicism of Annibale Carracci. The two brothers would from then on work together on various projects and mutually influence each other. After Rubens’ death in 1640 Erasmus Quellinus became one of the leading history painters of Flanders. He received many commissions for altarpieces in the region. In 1648 he was", "id": "11150847" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ncommissioned to make the decorations for the Joyous Entry of the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm into Antwerp, thus playing the same role as Rubens 13 years earlier for the Joyous Entry of Ferdinand. He made the decorations for the announcement of the Treaty of Westphalia in the same year. Around 1656 Erasmus worked in Amsterdam where his brother Artus was responsible for the decoration of the new City Hall. Erasmus assisted in this project and the brothers also collaborated on other commissions. Erasmus painted altarpieces for clandestine Catholic churches in Amsterdam. His first wife died", "id": "11150848" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\npupils included his son Jan Erasmus Quellinus, Guilliam Forchondt (II), Julius de Geest, Willem de Ryck, Anthoni Schoonjans, Wallerant Vaillant and Remacle Serin. Erasmus Quellinus II was a very versatile artist who worked in various genres. He received numerous commissions for altarpieces depicting Counter-Reformation themes for churches and monasteries throughout the Southern Netherlands. He also received many civic commissions which allowed him to show his learning in the depiction of scenes from ancient history and mythology and allegorical compositions. In addition, he produced portraits, battle", "id": "11150850" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof Saint Luke in 1633-1634. In the 1630s, the artist worked and likely studied in the workshop of Rubens and regularly collaborated on projects with Rubens. In 1634 Erasmus II married Catharina de Hemelaer, a niece of Jan de Hemelaer, the deacon of Antwerp Cathedral. Their son Jan Erasmus followed in his father’s footsteps and became a painter. From the notes made by his son Jan Erasmus in the margin of his copy of Cornelis de Bie’s book of artist biographies entitled Het Gulden Cabinet, it is known", "id": "11150844" }, { "contents": "Jan van Kessel the Elder\n\n\na figure painter was responsible for the figure or other image in the cartouche. His collaborators on garland paintings are believed to have included his uncle David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus the Elder, Hendrick van Balen the Elder, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly Jan Boeckhorst. An example of a collaborative garland painting made by Jan van Kessel and David Teniers the Younger is the composition (c. 1660-1670, Louvre). In this work Jan van Kessel painted a decorative garland representing the four elements around a cartouche showing a young", "id": "16247184" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin the Hermitage Museum, a collaboration with Frans Ykens. Quellinus further collaborated with the animal and still life painter Jan Fyt on portraits such as the \"Portrait of a young boy\" (Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp) of c. 1650. Quellinus also collaborated with animal painters Peter Boel and genre painter Jan van Kessel the Elder. Erasmus Quellinus II executed various tapestry designs. In 1649 he produced the designs for a tapestry series depicting the \"History of the Thurn and Taxis Family\" (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of", "id": "11150857" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nHe was a member of the well-known Quellinus family of artists from 17th century Antwerp, major center of artistic life then known as \"the Florence of the North\". Thomas Quellinus was born in Antwerp to the leading Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus II and Anna Maria Gabron, and was baptised on 17 March 1661. He trained in his father’s workshop in the art of sculpture. After completing his apprenticeship with his father, he went to London, England, where he worked with his brother Artus Quellinus III. While", "id": "11778979" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nArtus Quellinus also known as Artus (Arnoldus) Quellijn, Artus Quellinus I or Artus Quellinus the Elder (20 or 30 August 1609, Antwerp  – 23 August 1668, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor. He is regarded as the most important representative of the Baroque in sculpture in the Southern Netherlands. His work had a major influence on the development of sculpture in Northern Europe. Artus Quellinus the Elder was born into an artistic family. He was the son of the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden.", "id": "8459220" }, { "contents": "Jan Pieter Brueghel\n\n\nJan Pieter Brueghel or Jan Pieter Breughel (29 August 1628 (baptised) – 1664) was a Flemish Baroque painter specialised in flower still lifes. Brueghel was born in Antwerp. He was the son of Jan Brueghel the Younger and Anna-Maria Janssens. He joined the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645 as \"wijnmeester\". He died in Italy, after 1664, and is known for flower still lifes. He created many garland paintings on which he collaborated with other painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II who painted the", "id": "10461841" }, { "contents": "Pieter Boel\n\n\nBoel got to know the work of the Genoese artist Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione and the still life painter Giuseppe Recco. He learned from these Italian masters to heighten the dramatic effect of his canvases by emphasizing the shadows. He also used red drapes in the background, a Baroque element par excellence, to enhance the atmosphere of his compositions. Boel is known to have collaborated with fellow Antwerp artists Erasmus Quellinus II and Jacob Jordaens, who painted the human figures in his compositions. Boel was accomplished in large-scale vanitas paintings depicting an", "id": "20560716" }, { "contents": "Pieter Bruegel the Elder\n\n\n(grandson of Jan Bruegel the Elder) and Jan van Kessel the Younger. Through David Teniers, the family is also related to the whole Teniers family of painters and the Quellinus family of painters and sculptors, since Jan-Erasmus Quellinus married Cornelia, daughter of David Teniers the Younger. Bruegel's art was long more highly valued by collectors than critics. His friend Abraham Ortelius described him in a friendship album in 1574 as \"the most perfect painter of his century\", but both Vasari and Van Mander see him as", "id": "17084192" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nflowers. The subject of vanitas as depicted here was unusual for van Utrecht and shows that his role in the development of new types of still life has not been sufficiently recognized in art-historical literature. As was common in Antwerp’s art sector at the time, van Utrecht collaborated with other specialist artists, typically figure painters. He is known to have provided the still life elements in paintings by Jacob Jordaens, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Cossiers, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. He is believed to have also collaborated with David Teniers", "id": "18461245" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nHubertus Quellinus or Hubert Quellinus (August 15, 1619, Antwerp – 1687) was a Flemish printmaker, draughtsman and painter and a member of the prominent Quellinus family of artists. His engravings after the work of his brother, the Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder, were instrumental in the spread of the Flemish Baroque idiom in Europe in the second half of the 17th century. Hubertus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his father Erasmus Quellinus the Elder and his brothers,", "id": "8520392" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus III\n\n\nArtus Quellinus III (1653, Antwerp – December 1686, London) was a Flemish sculptor active in London. His name is often anglicised to Arnold Quellan, Arnold Quellin or Arnold Quellinus or mistakenly given as \"Jan Quellinus\". He was the son of Artus Quellinus II and brother to the sculptor Thomas Quellinus and the painter Cornelis Quellinus He trained in his father's workshop in Antwerp before moving to London in 1682. He was married to Frances Siberechts, youngest daughter of the Antwerp-born painter Jan Siberechts, who had", "id": "13748725" }, { "contents": "Flemish Baroque painting\n\n\npainters combined a local influence from Rubens with knowledge of classicism and Italian Baroque qualities. Artists in the vein include Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Jan van den Hoecke, Pieter van Lint, Cornelis Schut, and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Later in the century, many painters turned to Anthony van Dyck as a major influence. Among them were Pieter Thijs, Lucas Franchoys the Younger, and artists who were also inspired by Late Baroque theatricality such as Theodoor Boeyermans and Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. Additionally, a Flemish variant of \"Caravaggism\"", "id": "6030293" }, { "contents": "Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen\n\n\nthe principal representatives of Flemish high baroque sculpture. The father had been a pupil of Erasmus Quellinus I, who was himself the founder of a prominent family of artists. The father married the daughter of his master Erasmus Quellinus. From this marriage Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was born. His brother Pieter Verbrugghen II was also a sculptor and worked in the workshop of his father. Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was trained by his father. Nonetheless, he did not start his career as a sculptor but as a draughtsman working with the illuminator Jan Ruyselinck", "id": "10070115" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nand Londerzeel. Many of his paintings can be regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. He often worked from prints made after the works of these masters to create his own compositions. An example is the (Prado Museum), which is based on a print after Rafael", "id": "11181884" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Rubens pupil Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and the prominent sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. In 1650 he traveled to Rome where he joined the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Hubertus was given the bent name \"Saracin\". Quellinus was in Amsterdam by 1660 where he collaborated on a publication, which consisted of two parts: the first part consisted of 30 plates depicting the Amsterdam", "id": "8520393" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\ncompleted the frontal decoration of the organ in the Antwerp cathedral, based on a design made by Erasmus Quellinus II. He and his workshop made the oak confessionals in the St. Paul's Church in Antwerp (between 1658 and 1660). He made the oak organ case in that church in collaboration with Artus Quellinus the Elder in 1654, and together with his son Pieter Verbrugghen II he executed the designs for the high altar in 1670. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known creations. The", "id": "11276653" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nArtus Quellinus II or Artus Quellinus the Younger (alternative first name: Arnold; variation on family name: Quellijn, Quellyn, Quellien, Quellin, Quellinius) (between 10 and 20 November 1625, Sint-Truiden – 22 November 1700, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor who played an important role in the evolution of Northern-European sculpture from High Baroque to Late Baroque. Artus Quellinus II was born into an artistic family. His uncle was the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I, whose son was Artus Quellinus I,", "id": "13073282" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Some of these works are now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. He returned to Antwerp where between the years 1685 and 1712 he worked on many commissions for churches in Antwerp and throughout Flanders. He also had many pupils including Anthoni Schoonjans, Simon de Marets, Jan Carel van Eyck, Guiliam Draeger (1668-69), Christoffel Franciscus Ponsel, Jacobus de Play (1669-1670), Peeter Heymans, Franciscus Carnonckel, Franciscus Cuylen, Hieronymus Galle (1673-74)", "id": "7354728" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nthat Erasmus II obtained a degree in philosophy. This explains the fact that he wrote a philosophical tract entitled \"Philosophia\", which was recorded in the 1679 inventory of his estate. Quellinus became a regular collaborator with Rubens from 1635. He first worked on the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the new governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand. Rubens was in overall charge of this project. Quellinus made decorative paintings after designs by Rubens of which six have survived. In the period 1636-1638 Rubens", "id": "11150845" }, { "contents": "Joannes Chrysostomus Teniers\n\n\n. As abbot he took the motto \"Tene Quod Bene\" (\"Hold on to what is good\", 1 Thessalonians 5, verse 21). Teniers died in Antwerp on 30 November 1709. His portrait painted by Jan-Erasmus Quellinus is inside Tongerlo Abbey. Teniers had some reputation as a preacher and a manuscript of his sermons for feastdays was preserved in the monastery library, as well as two volumes of his notes on the works of St Augustine. One of Teniers' poems was published in the preliminary matter", "id": "1158593" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nThese paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Erasmus Quellinus II collaborated on garland paintings with still life specialists, such as his brother-in-law Jan Philip van Thielen, Daniel Seghers, Jan Pieter Brueghel, Frans Ykens, Peter Willebeeck and Jan Anton van der Baren. These collaborators painted the flower garland while Quellinus painted the figures and architectural setting. An example is the \"Holy Family in a Wreath of Flowers\"", "id": "11150856" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\n’ workshop received a large commission to make mythological decorations for the hunting pavilion Torre de la Parada of the Spanish king Philip IV near Madrid. For this project Quellinus painted decorations after oil sketches by Rubens some of which have been preserved (Prado Museum). In early 1637 Quellinus drew frontispieces for the Antwerp printing house Plantin Press according to Rubens’ instructions regarding iconography and layout. These drawings were in Quellinus’ own style as Rubens let him a free hand in the design of the modelli. His brother Artus Quellinus I returned", "id": "11150846" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nwith living people and animals. Van Utrecht also painted a number of flower still lifes. He was a regular collaborator with leading Antwerp painters who had been pupils or assistants of Peter Paul Rubens, such as Jacob Jordaens, David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus II, Gerard Seghers, Theodoor Rombouts, Abraham van Diepenbeeck and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Adriaen van Utrecht was born in Antwerp as the son of Abel van Utrecht en Anne Huybrecht. In 1614 he became a pupil of Herman de Neyt, a painter and art dealer who", "id": "18461230" }, { "contents": "Baroque sculpture\n\n\nof a family of famous sculptors and painters, and son of another sculptor, Erasmus Quellinus. He settled in Antwerp in 1639. He became close to Rubens, and his work applied many of the principles of the compositions of Rubens to sculpture. Another important Belgian Baroque sculptor was Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen (1654–1724), who carved very elaborate sculptures, full of biblical scenes, flora and fauna,allegories and symbols for the ceremonial puppets the cathedrals and churches in Brussels, Louvain, Antwerp, Mechelen, and other cities. Early", "id": "16040697" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nwas back in Antwerp in 1657 and became an Antwerp burgher on 11 May 1663. His wife died on 15 October 1668 and the next year Artus remarried to Cornelia Volders. In the latter part of his life Quellinus received many commissions, primarily for church furnishings and tomb sculptures. His pupils include Alexander van Papenhoven, Thomas Quellinus, Jan van den Steen, (1633–1723), the Master of the St. Luke in Antwerp, Cornelis van Scheyck (1679–1680); Balten Rubbens (1685–1686); Adriaen Govaerts (1690–91) and", "id": "13073285" }, { "contents": "Peter Ykens\n\n\ntrained 28 pupils including Karel Breydel, Erasmus Causse, Gaspaer Janssens, Jan Thomas van Kessel, Henderick van Mael, Francis Scalie, Jan Baptist Kretsaert and Jacob Leyssens. His eldest son Jan Frans became a staffage painter who collaborated with still life painters of flowers and fruit. He died in Antwerp. He painted portraits and Christian religious representations and made a large number of altarpieces and paintings for local churches and palaces. As was the custom in Antwerp at the time, he often worked together with other painters who were specialists in", "id": "8049116" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\n. The couple had six children of whom three became artists: Artus Quellinus III and Thomas Quellinus were both successful sculptors whereas Cornelis Quellinus became a painter about whom little is known. The young Artus joined his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Amsterdam around 1653 where he became one of the members of the team of artists that worked under the direction of Artus I on the decoration of the newly built City Hall on the Dam Square. The artist traveled to Italy and probably visited Turin, Florence and Rome between 1655 and 1657. He", "id": "13073284" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nUden. The couple had three sons: Erasmus, who would become a painter and engraver, Artus, who would follow in his father’s footsteps and become a sculptor, and Hubertus, who became an engraver and painter. His daughter Cornelia Quellinus married his pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. He was the teacher of Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder, Melchior Charles, Wallerant Vaillant, Joos Sterck (1607); Rombout Claes (1609), Melchior van der Lanen (1612), Hans Franscoys (1614),", "id": "7355032" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nfurther inspired by the cult of veneration and devotion to Mary prevalent at the Habsburg court (then the rulers over the Southern Netherlands) and in Antwerp generally. Garland paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image, portrait or other religious symbol (such as the host). The paintings are usually a collaboration between a flower painter and a staffage painter. Van Thielen produced multiple garland paintings in collaboration with other artists. His collaborators included his brother-in-law Erasmus Quellinus II, Nicolas de Largilliere, Jan van", "id": "12866287" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nhe was the brother-in-law of Erasmus Quellinus II. Erasmus Quelllinus was married to the sister of his wife and would become one of the leading history painters in Flanders after the deaths of Rubens and van Dyck. Quellinus drew van Thielens’ portrait that was engraved by Richard Collin for Cornelis de Bie's book of artist biographies Het Gulden Cabinet. Van Thielen and his wife had 9 children. Because he liked flower painting he changed masters in 1641 and began training with Daniel Seghers, the leading flower painter in Flanders", "id": "12866282" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nbe regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. Typical examples of his work are the painting \"A Poor Company at Table in a Rustic Kitchen\" held by the National Trust at Tyntesfield and oil on copper religious paintings, such as \"Daniel in the Lion's Den\"", "id": "11181882" }, { "contents": "Mattheus Borrekens\n\n\nAntwerp on 25 December 1670. Mattheus Borrekens was mainly a reproductive printmaker. He made prints after the work of leading Flemish painters of his time such as Rubens, van Dyck, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Abraham van Diepenbeeck, Jan Thomas van Ieperen, Pieter van Lint and Cornelis Schut. He mainly concentrated on Christian religious subjects and portraits. He also engraved frontispieces of publications such as Christophe Butkens's\"Trophées tant sacrés et profanes du Duché de Brabant\". 1724-1726. For this publication he engraved after a design by van Diepenbeeck", "id": "2345697" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nmaster’s daughter, Cornelia Quellinus. Through his marriage he became the brother in law of the leading Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1641 and in 1659 he became the deacon of the Guild. His first wife died in 1662, and he remarried in 1665, to Elisabeth Lemmens. He was the father of the sculptors Pieter Verbrugghen II and Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen. His daughter Suzanna married the sculptor Peeter Meesens. His pupils included some of the leading representatives of the", "id": "11276651" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nhave made individual statues, none of which have survived. In 1635 he was awarded the contract to make the pulpit of the St. Elisabeth Hospital in Antwerp. This work is an example of early Baroque in Antwerp and shows Erasmus’ mastery of balance and symmetry, even though there is no sense of realism. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known commissions. He made the original design for the pulpit, which, after his death, was somewhat changed by his son Artus while Pieter Verbrugghen", "id": "7355034" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Barbé\n\n\nNicolaas Lauwers for infringement of privileges relating to prints he had created, he received the support of Rubens. Barbé married Christien (or Christina) Wierix, the daughter of the prominent engraver and publisher Hieronymus Wierix on 30 March 1620. According to the contemporary notes of the painter Erasmus Quellinus II, Barbé was a very ugly person, while his daughter, who was a gifted engraver, was counted among 'the most beautiful women of Antwerp'. Hieronymus Wierix , the father of his wife, had died in 1619 before the", "id": "20064889" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nthe most successful Flemish Baroque sculptor of the mid 17th century. Artus II is likely to have received his training as a sculptor from his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Antwerp to where he must have moved from his native city of Sint-Truiden (then in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, now in the Belgian province of Limburg). Artus Quellinus II became a master of the Guild of Saint Luke in Antwerp in 1650–51. Artus Quellinus II married Anna Maria Gabron, the sister of the painter Willem Gabron, in 1653", "id": "13073283" }, { "contents": "Daniel Seghers\n\n\n, the collaborators are not always known with certainty. It is known he often worked with Cornelis Schut, Erasmus Quellinus II, Abraham van Diepenbeek, Simon de Vos, Jan van den Hoecke, Gonzales Coques and Rubens. Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert is also mentioned as his collaborator. It is possible that Seghers collaborated with Rubens on a garland painting for the Saint Carolus Borromeus church in Antwerp. During his stay in Rome he also collaborated with Poussin and Domenichino. Unlike in his later collaborations, Seghers is believed to have added flower garlands", "id": "7240113" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nErasmus de Bie (1629 in Antwerp – 1675 in Antwerp) was a Flemish Baroque painter known for his city views and genre scenes. He depicted several lively scenes of large public celebrations in his hometown of Antwerp. It is not clear whether the views of Italianate cities and landscapes attributed to him are the work of Adriaen de Bie, a Flemish painter from Lier who worked in Italy for a while. Very little is known about the life of Erasmus de Bie. He was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter", "id": "4566739" }, { "contents": "Willem Gabron\n\n\n. He was first registered in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke as a ‘wijnmeester’ (i.e. son of a master of the Guild) in the guild year 1640-41, along with his younger brother Antoon. His sister Anna Maria married the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Younger. Gabron travelled to Rome, at the latest by 1646. Here he became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the", "id": "12740318" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nBaroque painter, and the engraving of the frontispiece was made by Jacob Neefs (Antwerp, June 3, 1610 – 1660), also after a design by Erasmus Quellinus the Younger. Christoffel Plantin (1520–1589), grandfather of Balthasar Moretus, set up his printing shop called 'De Gulden Passer' (Golden Compasses) in Antwerp in 1555, publishing both Catholic and Protestant literature. This Frenchman, who fled his native country to Antwerp to escape the persecution during the 1540s, was the best-known printer of his time", "id": "2235324" }, { "contents": "Jan Anton van der Baren\n\n\nare a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder. These paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Van der Baren collaborated on garland paintings with other painters, such as Erasmus Quellinus II and the Flemish émigré painter Nikolaus van Hoy. These collaborators painted the devotional image while van der Baren painted the flower garland. An example is the \"Garland of flowers surrounding the Holy Family", "id": "16752890" }, { "contents": "Jacob de Formentrou\n\n\nthe conclusion that the painting is not a collaboration between all the artists whose works are represented in the painting but rather represents the combined effort of de Formentrou and Erasmus Quellinus II, a leading Antwerp painter. F. G. Meijer on the other hand believes that the composition is a collaboration between all of the artists whose work are depicted. He attributes the composition and the various pictures depicted in it as follows: The painting can be read as a reference to connoisseurship, and in particular the connoisseur's activity of evaluating the authorship of", "id": "8771731" }, { "contents": "Nicolaas van Eyck\n\n\nstarted to study in 1632. He was a captain of a local schutterij and this may be a reason why he painted military scenes. He was friends with the flower painter Jan Philip van Thielen, who had also been a pupil of Rombouts. Van Eyck was godfather to at least one of van Thielen's nine children. He was the teacher of Pieter Hofman. His sons Nicolaas II and Jan Carel van Eyck became painters. Jan Carel was a student of Jan Erasmus Quellinus and spent time in Italy. Nicolaas van Eyck", "id": "8735899" }, { "contents": "Philips Augustijn Immenraet\n\n\nwould paint the landscape while the other specialist painters would take care of other aspects of the painting such as staffage, architecture, animals or still life elements. A collaboration with Erasmus Quellinus II is reported by the Dutch biographer Arnold Houbraken. The Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium holds the 1672 painting \"The Legend of William Tell shown to the Antwerp Guild of St Sebastian\", which is a collaboration between Immenraet, Wilhelm Schubert van Ehrenberg (who painted the architecture) and Karel-Emmanuel Biset. He also worked with", "id": "10869502" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nUniversity – the same city where Jan Baptist Zangrius was also active. Here Lobkowitz published a major work titled \"Theologia Moralis ad prima, eaque clarissima principia reducta\" printed by Perus Zangrius (Lovanii, typis ac sumptibus Petrus Zangrius, 1645). His book titled \"Philippus Prudens\" containing some hatched arms was published in 1639 by Balthasar Moretus in Antwerp. The coats of arms were engraved by Cornelius Galle the Younger, after the drawings of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger (Antwerp, 1607 - Antwerp, 1678), a Flemish", "id": "2235323" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nFrans de Bie the Elder. He was baptised on 20 December 1629 in the St. Walburga church in Antwerp. He became a pupil of David Ryckaert III in 1641 and was admitted as a master in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645-1646. He married Catharina Douglas, called de Schot (the Scot), and was the father of Frans and Jan Baptist de Bie, who both became painters. Jan Baptist emigrated to Vienna where he remained active. Erasmus de Bie had pupils in 1660 and in 1666,", "id": "4566740" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck (III)\n\n\nSnellinck the Younger was a genre and history painter. His great-grandfather was the prominent Flemish painter and art dealer Jan Snellinck the Elder, who was originally from Mechelen and worked most of his career in Antwerp. Jan Snellinck (III)'s grand-uncles Daniel and Gerard were also painters. Very little is known about the life of Jan Snellinck (III). He likely trained with his father. He was active in Rotterdam for his entire career. The death date and place of Jan Snellinck are not known but", "id": "10515381" }, { "contents": "Anton Goubau\n\n\nat the front on the right, which expresses the transience of power and fame. In addition to his cityscapes, Goubau painted many religious compositions, especially designed for churches in Antwerp. He also made a number of religious paintings on copper as part of a series made for the Spanish market to which other Flemish painters such as Willem van Herp, Erasmus Quellinus II, and possibly Abraham Willemsens contributed. The series is now kept in the Convent of las Comendadoras de Santiaga in Madrid. He painted portraits as evidenced by the portrait", "id": "4569148" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof forms achieved through a sculptural use of light. Quellinus’ oldest known work is the 1634 \"Adoration of the Shepherds\" (Alte Pinakothek, Munich), which is in this Caravaggesque mode. From the 1640s, his style took on a classicizing aspect and a sculptured look. Erasmus never travelled to Italy so this stylistic development was likely influenced by the work of his brother Artus, who introduced his own style of classicizing Baroque in Flemish sculpture after returning from Rome in 1640. Both brothers depicted similar idealizing Antique figures in", "id": "11150852" }, { "contents": "Jan Siberechts\n\n\nEngland around 1672 and spent the first three years in England painting decorations in the Duke’s newly built Cliveden House at Taplow, Buckinghamshire, England. From the second part of the 1670s and in the 1680s he travelled widely in England completing numerous commissions for aristocratic clients. He lived in London where one of his daughters was a lace-maker for the Queen. His younger daughter, Frances, married the Flemish émigré sculptor Artus Quellinus III (known in England as 'Arnold Quellinus') and, after being widowed, John", "id": "14682967" }, { "contents": "Jan Fyt\n\n\n, Fyt collaborated regularly with other painters who were specialist in other areas such as figure, landscape or architectural painting. He thus relied on figure painters such as Cornelius Schut, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly on occasion Jacob Jordaens and on figure and architectural painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II. Jan Fyt produced many drawings of animals based usually on studies from nature. The Hermitage holds a large gouache drawing of a \"\". It is rich in colour and carefully executed and was likely intended as a model for tapestry cartoon. Fyt", "id": "1007601" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nartistic direction over the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the newly appointed governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, Leo van Heil worked as Quellinus' architectural assistant. The Archduke became his patron and appointed him as his court architect and commissioned various projects from van Heil, including a stone gate for the Archduke's palace in Brussels. The painter and printmaker Renier Meganck, who later worked as a court painter in Vienna, became a pupil of Leo van Heil in Brussels in 1656. In his time Leo van", "id": "8052851" }, { "contents": "Gerard Seghers\n\n\nGerard Seghers (1591 in Antwerp – 18 March 1651 in Antwerp) was a Flemish painter, art collector and art dealer. After a period of study of study and residence in Rome, he returned to Flanders where he became one of the leading representatives of the Flemish Caravaggisti movement. In his later career he abandoned the Caravaggist style and genre motifs to become an important painter of large altarpieces for local churches. Gerard Seghers was born in Antwerp as the son of innkeeper Jan Seghers and his wife Ida de Neve. He was", "id": "7355415" }, { "contents": "Jacob Leyssens\n\n\nJacob Leyssens or Jacob Lyssens (nickname Notenkraker) (1661, Antwerp - 1710, Antwerp), was a Flemish painter and decorator. After training in Antwerp, he spent a long time in Rome. After his return to Antwerp, he was active as a painter and decorator and collaborated with prominent Antwerp still life painters such as Gaspar Peeter Verbruggen the Younger and Jan Baptist Bosschaert. He was a student of Peter Ykens in 1674. He travelled to Rome at a young age as he is mentioned there in 1680. He", "id": "13757002" }, { "contents": "Francesco Ruschi\n\n\nFrancesco Ruschi was an Italian painter born in Rome around 1610. He studied in Rome under Giuseppe Cesari (Cavalier d'Arpino), Francesco Albani and Pietro da Cortona. His work also shows the influence of Caravaggio. He settled in Venice before 1629. He became a friend of the writer Giovan Francesco Loredan, for whom he drew the cover pages of several works. He moved to Treviso from 1656, and died there in 1661. Ruschi was influenced by the paintings of Paolo Veronese in his academic and decorative interpretations. These include", "id": "14035066" }, { "contents": "St. Peter in Chains Church (Beringen)\n\n\nor Vandereyt) and date from the late 17th century. Jan Rutten from Sint-Truiden completed the stalls after the death of Laurens Vandenreyt. The Baroque high altar contains a painting representing Christ on the cross attributed to the Antwerp painter Erasmus Quellinus II. The side altars are portico altars and contain the Baroque paintings \" Assumption and Coronation of Mary\" and the \"Finding of the Cross\", both by Anton Goubau. The rood screen is neogothic. The organ was manufactured in 1853 by Henri Vermeersch from Duffel and is the", "id": "12887333" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck\n\n\nJan Snellinck or Jan Snellinck (I) (Mechelen, c. 1548 – Antwerp, 1 October 1638) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and designer of tapestries, prints and frescoes. He is known for his large altarpieces and was also recognized as a leading battle painter in his time. Snellinck was active as an art dealer and art collector. Jan Snellinck was born in Mechelen as the son of Daniël Snellinck I, a painter and hawker, and Cornelia Verhulst (alias: Bessemeers). His mother came from a family", "id": "12059012" }, { "contents": "Paul de Vos\n\n\n. De Vos was able to develop his own personal style that accentuated abrupt movement, the gruesome aspects of hunts, used warmer colours and a broader brush stroke than Snyders. He also expanded the iconographic tradition with scenes of fighting cats and horses attacked by wolves. As was common amongst artists in 17th-century Antwerp, De Vos frequently collaborated with other painters. He collaborated with Rubens, Anthony van Dyck (, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg), Erasmus Quellinus II, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert, Adriaen van Utrecht and Jan Wildens", "id": "4556665" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nPieter Verbrugghen I (alternative spellings: \"Pieter Verbruggen I\", \"Peter van der Brugghen I\", \"Pieter van der Brugghen I\", \"Peter Verbrugghen I\", \"Peeter Verbrugghen I\") (1615, Antwerp – 1686, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor from the Baroque. He was apprenticed in 1625 as a 'beeltsnijder' (sculptor) to Simon de Neef, who was an 'antijcsnijder' (ornamental sculptor). Later he worked under Erasmus Quellinus I and in 1641 he married his", "id": "11276650" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nThomas Quellinus (March 1661 – September 1709), also known, especially in Denmark, as Thomas Qvellinus, was a Flemish baroque sculptor. He was born in Antwerp but worked mainly in Copenhagen, Denmark. He is especially known for the production of grandiose and sumptuous memorial chapels, sepulchral monuments and epitaphs, which can be found in churches throughout Denmark and northern Germany’s Schleswig-Holstein area. His chapels and monuments are dramatically composed, executed in rare, differently coloured types of marble and framed by monumental architectural components.", "id": "11778978" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nscenes and designs for tapestries. Like Rubens, Quellinus was a \"pictor doctus\" with a strong grounding in ancient history and philosophy. He had built an extensive library and art collection. This learning is reflected in the subject matter of his work. Even while he was a frequent collaborator with Rubens’ workshop in the 1630s, Quellinus developed a personal style distinctive from that of Rubens. This style is reminiscent of the Antwerp followers of Caravaggio such as Theodoor Rombouts and Gerard Seghers. Characteristics of this style are the strong modeling", "id": "11150851" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Bosschaert\n\n\nJan Baptist Bosschaert or Jan Baptist Bosschaert the Younger (baptized on 17 December 1667 in Antwerp –1746 in Antwerp) was a Flemish still life painter who is principally known for his decorative still lifes with flowers. He collaborated with figure artists on compositions which combined allegorical or mythological scenes with a still life element. He was active in Antwerp. Jan Baptist Bosschaert was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter-baker Jan Baptist and his second wife Joanna de Bie, the sister of the painter Erasmus de Bie. His", "id": "20819606" }, { "contents": "Wallerant Vaillant\n\n\nWallerant Vaillant (30 May 1623 – 28 August 1677) was a painter of the Dutch Golden Age and one of the first artists to use the mezzotint technique, which he probably helped to develop. Wallerant Vaillant was born in Lille, the oldest of five brothers who all became successful painters. It is said Wallerant was a student of Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) in Antwerp. He moved with his parents in 1643 to Amsterdam. In 1647 he lived in Middelburg, but in 1649 he was back in Amsterdam. In", "id": "8302348" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nHans Bernaert (or Beernart) (1615) and Christoffel de la Fontaine (1633–34). His work is not well known since only a few of his works have survived. Erasmus is primarily known as a sculptor who drew inspiration from antiquity. He worked in the late Renaissance style although his later work shows a development towards early Baroque. The bulk of his commissions consisted of the renovation and replacement of church furniture that had been destroyed during the iconoclastic troubles of the 16th century. Besides decorative work, he is known to", "id": "7355033" }, { "contents": "Rombaut Pauwels\n\n\nbrother of François Duquesnoy, and the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus also worked in this workshop in Rome. They and Rombaut Pauwels brought the moderate Baroque style of François Duquesnoy with them when they returned to the Southern Netherlands. After his return to Flanders, Rombaut Pauwels was active mainly in his hometown Mechelen and in Ghent. Rombaut Pauwels’ pupils included the brothers Hendrik and Jan Matthys. Rombaut Pauwels was a capable sculptor who worked in the classicizing Baroque style pioneered by François Duquesnoy but he lacked the virtuoso technique of his contemporaries Artus Quellinus", "id": "9167166" }, { "contents": "Lucas de Wael\n\n\nLucas de Wael (3 March 1591 – 25 October 1661) was a Flemish painter, engraver and merchant. He was born in Antwerp and worked for some time in Genoa in Italy before returning to Antwerp, where he died. Lucas de Wael was born into an artistic family in Antwerp as the son of the painter Jan de Wael I (1558-1633). His mother Gertrude de Jode came from a family of artists: her father was the cartographer Gerard de Jode and her brother was the engraver Peter de Jode", "id": "2957457" }, { "contents": "Jan van Balen\n\n\nGaspard, Theodoor van Thulden, Jan de Labare and Erasmus Quellinus the Younger on the execution of designs for the gallery on the Meir and the triumphal arch at St. John's Church in Antwerp. The overall design of the decorations was under the direction of Rubens. [[File:Jan Brueghel II, Jan van Balen - The Feast of Bacchus (Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus).jpg|thumb|\"The Feast of Bacchus\", with [[Jan Brueghel the Younger]] Jan van Balen left on 8 September 1639 with his brother Gaspard on", "id": "19729208" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nfor the Council Chamber, is repeated in a painting by Erasmus. This development towards classicist rigidity may reflect the influence of French art with its preference for classicism. Erasmus’ work also gained a theatrical aspect as reflected in the 1652 painting \"Artemisia\" (Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, University of Glasgow). The painting has a theatrical background like a park. This tendency became more evident in the 1660s when his paintings started to include grandiose scenery with flamboyant architecture. This is clear in the \"Let the Children Come", "id": "11150854" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nin particular the marble decorations he and his workshop produced, became an example for other buildings in Amsterdam. The team of sculptors that Artus supervised during his work on the Amsterdam city hall included many sculptors who would become leading sculptors in their own right such as his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Rombout Verhulst, Bartholomeus Eggers and Gabriël Grupello and probably also Grinling Gibbons. He returned to work in Antwerp in 1658 and remained active mainly in this city until his death. His many pupils included his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Martin Deurweerders", "id": "8459223" }, { "contents": "David Teniers III\n\n\nDavid Teniers III, also referred to as David Teniers junior (baptized 10 July 1638 – 2 October 1685) was a Flemish painter and tapestry designer who was mainly active in Antwerp, Madrid and Brussels. He is known for his portraits, religious compositions and genre scenes. David Teniers III was born in Antwerp where he was baptized on July 10 in the St. James' Church. He was a scion of two very prominent artist families from Antwerp: his father was the painter David Teniers the Younger and his mother was Anna", "id": "17442937" }, { "contents": "Gerard Douffet\n\n\nGerard Douffet (6 aug 1594 – 1660/1661), also known as Doufeet or Duffeit, was a Flemish painter. He was born at Liège in 1594, and studied for some time at Antwerp in the school of Rubens, and afterwards in Italy. He composed and designed with good taste, and his historical pictures are much esteemed. 'Pope Nicholas V. at the Tomb of St. Francis of Assisi ' (painted in 1627), 'St. Helena and the true Cross' (painted for the Abbey of St. Lawrence,", "id": "6883668" }, { "contents": "Jan van Buken\n\n\nJan van Buken or Jan van Beucken (10 March 1635 – 6 February 1690) was a Flemish painter mainly known for his genre paintings and still lifes. Jan van Buken was born in Antwerp. He became a master in the Guild of Saint Luke in 1658 where he was registered under the name 'Jan van Beucken'. In the period from 1666 to 1682 he worked in Rome while regularly travelling back to Antwerp. He returned to live in Antwerp after the death of his parents. Jan Baptist Beveren was registered as", "id": "15324731" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ntheir work in this period. His \"Adoration of the Holy Sacrament\" (1646) was painted in this style. From c. 1650 this classicism in his work became rigid and his compositions from this period made use of a limited number of stereotyped and idealized figure types. This stylistic development is evident in the interior decorations he made for the new City Hall of Amsterdam, which he executed in collaboration with his brother Artus. The brothers achieved stylistic agreement in this commission: the \"Judgement of Solomon\", which Artus sculpted", "id": "11150853" }, { "contents": "Nikolaus van Hoy\n\n\nhe would have met in Rome and had later joined him in Brussels. At about 1667 he became the court painter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria. He retained this post until his death in Vienna in 1679. He was succeeded at the court by his son Nickolaus van Hoey the Younger (Antwerp 1660- Vienna ca. 1710). He made landscapes and portraits. He engraved religious scenes and mythological figures adapted from originals of Veronese, Barocci and Raphael. He was one of the", "id": "16812974" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\ngenres including cattle market scenes, Italianate landscapes and village scenes. He is probably best known for his depiction of festivals and processions set in his native Antwerp. His village scenes are reminiscent of the genre scenes of David Teniers the Younger. He also took his inspiration from other Flemish artists. For instance, his composition \"\" likely drew its inspiration from similar paintings representing processions in cities by Flemish artists such as Pieter van Aelst and Erasmus de Bie. He painted many scenes of cattle markets, which offered him the opportunity to", "id": "3658943" }, { "contents": "Jan van den Hecke\n\n\nKunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Archduke Leopold Wilhem must have particularly liked his flower pieces as all of van den Hecke's paintings which he collected were pictures of flowers in vases and baskets and garland paintings. Van Hecke returned to Antwerp around 1657. In 1660 he married Maria Adriana Heyens with whom he had three children. His son, known as Jan van den Hecke II, was born in 1661 and became a popular painter of flowers as well as other types of still life. His two known pupils were Peeter vander Elstraeten (", "id": "14931009" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nLeo van Heil (Brussels, 1605 – c.1664), was a Flemish architect, painter and miniature painter mainly of flowers and insects. He is chiefly remembered for his designs of the Brigittines chapel and the tower of the Saint Nicholas Church, both in Brussels. Leo van Heil was born in Brussels. He had two brothers who were also artists: Jan Baptist van Heil was a portrait painter and Daniel van Heil was a landscape painter specialising in winter scenes or burning fires. When in 1648 Erasmus Quellinus was given the general", "id": "8052850" }, { "contents": "Jan Verhas\n\n\ngovernment awarded him a special subsidy of 1,200 francs and commissioned from him a composition depicting the Battle of Kallo. In 1862 he travelled via Paris and Lyon to Italy, where he made stops in Turin, Milan and Venice. He remained in Venice for two to three months, studying and copying the masters. Lack of funds forced him to leave Italy. He travelled back via Paris where his brother Frans was working at the time. Jan assisted his brother in the execution of several decorative projects. Afterwards he resided in Antwerp", "id": "9399028" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\nPeeter the Elder and Joris became painters. Alexander trained under his father. He became a master in the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1685. On 11 August 1685, he married Cornelia Sporckmans, daughter of the Antwerp history painter Hubert Sporckmans. They had three daughters and six sons of whom Jan Frans became a painter. Alexander van Bredael died in Antwerp. His pupils include his son Jan Frans, Peeter Busschop, Johan Baptist Govaerts, Guielmus van Ryn and Pieter Snyers. Alexander van Bredael painted in a wide variety of", "id": "3658942" }, { "contents": "Filippo Zaniberti\n\n\nFilippo Zaniberti (1585–1636) was an Italian painter of the late Mannerist period. He was born in Brescia and active in Venice, where he became a pupil of Santo Peranda. Zaniberti's style recalls the richness of Paolo Veronese. He painted a \"Mannah in the desert\" for the main altarpiece of the church of Santa Maria Nuova of Venice. He worked alongside the fellow Peranda disciple, Matteo Ponzone, in the decoration of the Ducal palace of Mirandola. He painted a \"Marriage of St Catherine\" for the church", "id": "19300082" }, { "contents": "St. Paul's Church, Antwerp\n\n\ntwisted marble columns. The painting \"Adoration of the shepherds\" by Rubens forms the altar piece. The Maria Chapel also contains a white marble sculpture of \"Our Lady of Sorrows\" by Jan Pieter van Baurscheit de Elder. The church holds elaborate tomb monuments attributed to Johannes van Mildert, Pieter Verbrugghen II and Andries Colyns de Nole. The 17th century organ is regarded as one of the most important organs of Belgium. The monumental organ case was sculpted by Pieter Verbrugghen I after a design by Erasmus Quellinus II. In 1623", "id": "10432986" }, { "contents": "David Teniers the Elder\n\n\nDavid Teniers the Elder (158229 July 1649), Flemish painter, was born at Antwerp. Having received his first training in the painter's art from his brother Juliaen, he studied under Rubens in Antwerp, and subsequently under Elsheimer in Rome; he became a member of the Antwerp guild of painters in 1606. Though his ambition led him at times to try his skill in large religious, historical and mythological compositions, his claim to fame depends chiefly on his landscapes and paintings of peasants carousing, of kermesse scenes and the", "id": "12948361" } ]

[ { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke as a 'wijnmeester', i.e. the son of a member of the Guild. The next year he married Cornelia Teniers, the daughter of painter David Teniers the Younger. Jan Erasmus Quellinus received many commissions including a large commission for paintings destined for Antwerp’s Saint Michael's Abbey. Around 1680 Quellinus worked in Vienna for the Habsburg court as a court painter to Emperor Leopold I. Among other works, the most important commission he completed was a series of 15 ceiling paintings on events in the life", "id": "7354727" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nJan-Erasmus Quellinus or Jan Erasmus Quellinus (1634 in Antwerp – 11 March 1715 in Mechelen) was a Flemish painter and draughtsman and a member of the famous Quellinus family of artists. He was one of the last prominent representatives of the great Flemish school of history and portrait painting in the 17th century. His work displays the classicizing influences of his father Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and Paolo Veronese. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his grandfather Erasmus Quellinus", "id": "7354724" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nwritten as \" Sederboom\"), which means 'cedar tree'. He is also reported to have used another nickname: 'Corpus'. Quellinus later moved to Venice where he resided from circa 1660 to 1661. Here he was influenced by the style of Veronese as is shown by his drawings from that time. During his stay in Northern Italy he was also introduced to the architecture of Palladio, which informed some of the decorative motifs he used in his later compositions. Upon his return to Antwerp in 1661 he joined", "id": "7354726" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof his father’s Classicism. As a result art historians have difficulty attributing some works to either artist. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus developed further on the Classicism of his father linking it with the influence of Paolo Veronese from whom he borrowed grandeur and various dynamic details. Unlike his father he liked to incorporate in his paintings grand architectural elements which were derived from the Palladian buildings he had seen in Northern Italy. As was common practice at the time, he collaborated with specialist painters in Antwerp such as the still life painter Jan Fyt", "id": "7354730" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Elder, his father Erasmus the Younger, and his uncles Artus Quellinus the Elder and Hubertus Quellinus. He was trained by his father from 1649. Jan-Erasmus travelled to Italy where he initially resided in Rome from 1657 to 1659. He became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Jan-Erasmus was given the bent name \"Seederboom\" (also", "id": "7354725" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\none of the leading artistic families in Antwerp, producing sculptors, painters and printmakers who would develop careers in Flanders and abroad. Father Erasmus Quellinus I, a sculptor, had moved from Sint-Truiden to Antwerp. The brothers of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger were both artists: Artus (1609-1668) was a leading Baroque sculptor and Hubertus (1619-1687) an engraver. Erasmus Quellinus II became a student of Jan-Baptist Verhaeghe, an obscure artist, in 1633. He became a master of the Antwerp Guild", "id": "11150843" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Me\" of 1664 (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels). These later compositions possible reflect an influence by the early work of his son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. As was common in Antwerp at the time, Quellinus collaborated with other painters. He worked with still life specialists on still lifes and portraits. Many of the still lifes fall into the category of ‘garland paintings’. Garland paintings are a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder.", "id": "11150855" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus the Younger and Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) was a Flemish painter, engraver, draughtsman and tapestry designer who worked in various genres including history, portrait, battle and animal paintings. He was a pupil of Peter Paul Rubens and was one of the closest collaborators of Rubens in the 1630s. Following Rubens’ death in 1640 he became one of the most prolific and successful painters in Flanders. Erasmus Quellinus II was born in Antwerp as the son of Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden. The Quellinus family became", "id": "11150842" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus I or Erasmus Quellinus the Elder (alternate names: Erasmus Quellinck, Erasme Quellin (I)) (Sint-Truiden, 1584 - Antwerp, 22 January 1640) was a Flemish sculptor best known for classically inspired ornamentation work and copies after the antique. He was the founder of an important Antwerp dynasty of artists. Details of his early life and training have not survived. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1606. He married Betje van Uden, the sister of the painter Lucas van", "id": "7355031" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nHis brothers became prominent artists: Erasmus was a painter and Hubertus was an engraver and painter. His sister Cornelia married his father’s pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. Artus Quellinus received his first training from his father. In the period from 1635 to 1639 he trained in Rome in the studio of his compatriot François Duquesnoy. He spent time in Lyon together with the Flemish painter Laureys Franck and was in contact there with the Dutch engraver Nicolaas van Helt Stockade and the Dutch painter Jan Asselijn. He returned to Antwerp", "id": "8459221" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\n, Joseph van den Kerckhoven, Davit van den Heuvel, Francis Cools, Allowisius de Meyere, Jan-Baptist Hyacint Breydel, Gaspar (or Jasper) de Cantelbeeck (1685-86), Jan François Blondeau and Jacobus Blondeau (1697-98). From 1712 the artist resided and worked in Mechelen where he died on 11 March 1715. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was principally a history painter who also painted the occasional portrait. He had an extensive output supported by a large workshop. His style is closely related to that", "id": "7354729" }, { "contents": "Anthoni Schoonjans\n\n\nMarch 1655. He became in the Guild year 1668-1669 in Antwerp an apprentice of Erasmus Quellinus II and that master's son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. From 1674 to 1677 the artist resided in Reims and he also spent some time in Paris. In 1674 his mother met up with her son Anthoni in Reims. He left France and from 6 January 1675 he resided in Rome, where he familiarised himself with the Italian Baroque. He shared in Rome a residence with the flower painter Carel de Vogelaer in Via Margutta.", "id": "9299848" }, { "contents": "Nicolaes van Verendael\n\n\nteacher of someone referred to as 'priest Cano' and the flower painter Jean Baptiste Morel. Van Verendael mainly painted flower pieces, vanitas still lifes and a few allegorical scenes with monkeys. His dated works are from the period between 1659 and 1690. He was highly regarded from an early age when he started working with some of the leading Antwerp painters such as David Teniers the Younger, Gonzales Coques, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Boeckhorst, Carstian Luyckx and Jan Davidsz. de Heem. His early work shows the influence of", "id": "18460769" }, { "contents": "Theodoor Boeyermans\n\n\n' dated works are dated between 1660 and 1677. He was mainly a painter of history and allegorical paintings. The artist received many important commissions for churches in his native Antwerp, the Kempen region and in Malines, but made his name in his hometown by painting secular compositions. He also painted group portraits. Together with Jan-Erasmus Quellinus, Boeyermans was one of the last important 17th-century Flemish history painters. His style was influenced by Rubens and van Dyck but he favoured a darker palette than those two artists.", "id": "6673291" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin 1662. On 9 November 1663, Erasmus Quellinus II married Françoise de Fren. De Fren was the daughter of the well-off André de Fren, secretary of the Council of Brabant, and the sister of Isabella de Fren, who was married to the court painter David Teniers II. In 1665 Quellinus designed a cenotaph for the deceased Philip IV of Spain and the decorations for the Joyous Entry of Don Francisco de Moura as governor of the Habsburg Netherlands. Erasmus Quellinus II died in Antwerp on 7 November 1678. His", "id": "11150849" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Antwerp from Rome around 1640. Artus worked in a classicizing style of Baroque under the influence of his compatriot, the sculptor François Duquesnoy, in whose workshop in Rome he had worked. This style had in turn been influenced by the Classicism of Annibale Carracci. The two brothers would from then on work together on various projects and mutually influence each other. After Rubens’ death in 1640 Erasmus Quellinus became one of the leading history painters of Flanders. He received many commissions for altarpieces in the region. In 1648 he was", "id": "11150847" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ncommissioned to make the decorations for the Joyous Entry of the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm into Antwerp, thus playing the same role as Rubens 13 years earlier for the Joyous Entry of Ferdinand. He made the decorations for the announcement of the Treaty of Westphalia in the same year. Around 1656 Erasmus worked in Amsterdam where his brother Artus was responsible for the decoration of the new City Hall. Erasmus assisted in this project and the brothers also collaborated on other commissions. Erasmus painted altarpieces for clandestine Catholic churches in Amsterdam. His first wife died", "id": "11150848" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\npupils included his son Jan Erasmus Quellinus, Guilliam Forchondt (II), Julius de Geest, Willem de Ryck, Anthoni Schoonjans, Wallerant Vaillant and Remacle Serin. Erasmus Quellinus II was a very versatile artist who worked in various genres. He received numerous commissions for altarpieces depicting Counter-Reformation themes for churches and monasteries throughout the Southern Netherlands. He also received many civic commissions which allowed him to show his learning in the depiction of scenes from ancient history and mythology and allegorical compositions. In addition, he produced portraits, battle", "id": "11150850" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof Saint Luke in 1633-1634. In the 1630s, the artist worked and likely studied in the workshop of Rubens and regularly collaborated on projects with Rubens. In 1634 Erasmus II married Catharina de Hemelaer, a niece of Jan de Hemelaer, the deacon of Antwerp Cathedral. Their son Jan Erasmus followed in his father’s footsteps and became a painter. From the notes made by his son Jan Erasmus in the margin of his copy of Cornelis de Bie’s book of artist biographies entitled Het Gulden Cabinet, it is known", "id": "11150844" }, { "contents": "Jan van Kessel the Elder\n\n\na figure painter was responsible for the figure or other image in the cartouche. His collaborators on garland paintings are believed to have included his uncle David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus the Elder, Hendrick van Balen the Elder, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly Jan Boeckhorst. An example of a collaborative garland painting made by Jan van Kessel and David Teniers the Younger is the composition (c. 1660-1670, Louvre). In this work Jan van Kessel painted a decorative garland representing the four elements around a cartouche showing a young", "id": "16247184" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin the Hermitage Museum, a collaboration with Frans Ykens. Quellinus further collaborated with the animal and still life painter Jan Fyt on portraits such as the \"Portrait of a young boy\" (Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp) of c. 1650. Quellinus also collaborated with animal painters Peter Boel and genre painter Jan van Kessel the Elder. Erasmus Quellinus II executed various tapestry designs. In 1649 he produced the designs for a tapestry series depicting the \"History of the Thurn and Taxis Family\" (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of", "id": "11150857" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nHe was a member of the well-known Quellinus family of artists from 17th century Antwerp, major center of artistic life then known as \"the Florence of the North\". Thomas Quellinus was born in Antwerp to the leading Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus II and Anna Maria Gabron, and was baptised on 17 March 1661. He trained in his father’s workshop in the art of sculpture. After completing his apprenticeship with his father, he went to London, England, where he worked with his brother Artus Quellinus III. While", "id": "11778979" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nArtus Quellinus also known as Artus (Arnoldus) Quellijn, Artus Quellinus I or Artus Quellinus the Elder (20 or 30 August 1609, Antwerp  – 23 August 1668, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor. He is regarded as the most important representative of the Baroque in sculpture in the Southern Netherlands. His work had a major influence on the development of sculpture in Northern Europe. Artus Quellinus the Elder was born into an artistic family. He was the son of the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden.", "id": "8459220" }, { "contents": "Jan Pieter Brueghel\n\n\nJan Pieter Brueghel or Jan Pieter Breughel (29 August 1628 (baptised) – 1664) was a Flemish Baroque painter specialised in flower still lifes. Brueghel was born in Antwerp. He was the son of Jan Brueghel the Younger and Anna-Maria Janssens. He joined the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645 as \"wijnmeester\". He died in Italy, after 1664, and is known for flower still lifes. He created many garland paintings on which he collaborated with other painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II who painted the", "id": "10461841" }, { "contents": "Pieter Boel\n\n\nBoel got to know the work of the Genoese artist Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione and the still life painter Giuseppe Recco. He learned from these Italian masters to heighten the dramatic effect of his canvases by emphasizing the shadows. He also used red drapes in the background, a Baroque element par excellence, to enhance the atmosphere of his compositions. Boel is known to have collaborated with fellow Antwerp artists Erasmus Quellinus II and Jacob Jordaens, who painted the human figures in his compositions. Boel was accomplished in large-scale vanitas paintings depicting an", "id": "20560716" }, { "contents": "Pieter Bruegel the Elder\n\n\n(grandson of Jan Bruegel the Elder) and Jan van Kessel the Younger. Through David Teniers, the family is also related to the whole Teniers family of painters and the Quellinus family of painters and sculptors, since Jan-Erasmus Quellinus married Cornelia, daughter of David Teniers the Younger. Bruegel's art was long more highly valued by collectors than critics. His friend Abraham Ortelius described him in a friendship album in 1574 as \"the most perfect painter of his century\", but both Vasari and Van Mander see him as", "id": "17084192" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nflowers. The subject of vanitas as depicted here was unusual for van Utrecht and shows that his role in the development of new types of still life has not been sufficiently recognized in art-historical literature. As was common in Antwerp’s art sector at the time, van Utrecht collaborated with other specialist artists, typically figure painters. He is known to have provided the still life elements in paintings by Jacob Jordaens, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Cossiers, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. He is believed to have also collaborated with David Teniers", "id": "18461245" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nHubertus Quellinus or Hubert Quellinus (August 15, 1619, Antwerp – 1687) was a Flemish printmaker, draughtsman and painter and a member of the prominent Quellinus family of artists. His engravings after the work of his brother, the Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder, were instrumental in the spread of the Flemish Baroque idiom in Europe in the second half of the 17th century. Hubertus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his father Erasmus Quellinus the Elder and his brothers,", "id": "8520392" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus III\n\n\nArtus Quellinus III (1653, Antwerp – December 1686, London) was a Flemish sculptor active in London. His name is often anglicised to Arnold Quellan, Arnold Quellin or Arnold Quellinus or mistakenly given as \"Jan Quellinus\". He was the son of Artus Quellinus II and brother to the sculptor Thomas Quellinus and the painter Cornelis Quellinus He trained in his father's workshop in Antwerp before moving to London in 1682. He was married to Frances Siberechts, youngest daughter of the Antwerp-born painter Jan Siberechts, who had", "id": "13748725" }, { "contents": "Flemish Baroque painting\n\n\npainters combined a local influence from Rubens with knowledge of classicism and Italian Baroque qualities. Artists in the vein include Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Jan van den Hoecke, Pieter van Lint, Cornelis Schut, and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Later in the century, many painters turned to Anthony van Dyck as a major influence. Among them were Pieter Thijs, Lucas Franchoys the Younger, and artists who were also inspired by Late Baroque theatricality such as Theodoor Boeyermans and Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. Additionally, a Flemish variant of \"Caravaggism\"", "id": "6030293" }, { "contents": "Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen\n\n\nthe principal representatives of Flemish high baroque sculpture. The father had been a pupil of Erasmus Quellinus I, who was himself the founder of a prominent family of artists. The father married the daughter of his master Erasmus Quellinus. From this marriage Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was born. His brother Pieter Verbrugghen II was also a sculptor and worked in the workshop of his father. Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was trained by his father. Nonetheless, he did not start his career as a sculptor but as a draughtsman working with the illuminator Jan Ruyselinck", "id": "10070115" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nand Londerzeel. Many of his paintings can be regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. He often worked from prints made after the works of these masters to create his own compositions. An example is the (Prado Museum), which is based on a print after Rafael", "id": "11181884" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Rubens pupil Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and the prominent sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. In 1650 he traveled to Rome where he joined the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Hubertus was given the bent name \"Saracin\". Quellinus was in Amsterdam by 1660 where he collaborated on a publication, which consisted of two parts: the first part consisted of 30 plates depicting the Amsterdam", "id": "8520393" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\ncompleted the frontal decoration of the organ in the Antwerp cathedral, based on a design made by Erasmus Quellinus II. He and his workshop made the oak confessionals in the St. Paul's Church in Antwerp (between 1658 and 1660). He made the oak organ case in that church in collaboration with Artus Quellinus the Elder in 1654, and together with his son Pieter Verbrugghen II he executed the designs for the high altar in 1670. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known creations. The", "id": "11276653" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nArtus Quellinus II or Artus Quellinus the Younger (alternative first name: Arnold; variation on family name: Quellijn, Quellyn, Quellien, Quellin, Quellinius) (between 10 and 20 November 1625, Sint-Truiden – 22 November 1700, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor who played an important role in the evolution of Northern-European sculpture from High Baroque to Late Baroque. Artus Quellinus II was born into an artistic family. His uncle was the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I, whose son was Artus Quellinus I,", "id": "13073282" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Some of these works are now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. He returned to Antwerp where between the years 1685 and 1712 he worked on many commissions for churches in Antwerp and throughout Flanders. He also had many pupils including Anthoni Schoonjans, Simon de Marets, Jan Carel van Eyck, Guiliam Draeger (1668-69), Christoffel Franciscus Ponsel, Jacobus de Play (1669-1670), Peeter Heymans, Franciscus Carnonckel, Franciscus Cuylen, Hieronymus Galle (1673-74)", "id": "7354728" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nthat Erasmus II obtained a degree in philosophy. This explains the fact that he wrote a philosophical tract entitled \"Philosophia\", which was recorded in the 1679 inventory of his estate. Quellinus became a regular collaborator with Rubens from 1635. He first worked on the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the new governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand. Rubens was in overall charge of this project. Quellinus made decorative paintings after designs by Rubens of which six have survived. In the period 1636-1638 Rubens", "id": "11150845" }, { "contents": "Joannes Chrysostomus Teniers\n\n\n. As abbot he took the motto \"Tene Quod Bene\" (\"Hold on to what is good\", 1 Thessalonians 5, verse 21). Teniers died in Antwerp on 30 November 1709. His portrait painted by Jan-Erasmus Quellinus is inside Tongerlo Abbey. Teniers had some reputation as a preacher and a manuscript of his sermons for feastdays was preserved in the monastery library, as well as two volumes of his notes on the works of St Augustine. One of Teniers' poems was published in the preliminary matter", "id": "1158593" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nThese paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Erasmus Quellinus II collaborated on garland paintings with still life specialists, such as his brother-in-law Jan Philip van Thielen, Daniel Seghers, Jan Pieter Brueghel, Frans Ykens, Peter Willebeeck and Jan Anton van der Baren. These collaborators painted the flower garland while Quellinus painted the figures and architectural setting. An example is the \"Holy Family in a Wreath of Flowers\"", "id": "11150856" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\n’ workshop received a large commission to make mythological decorations for the hunting pavilion Torre de la Parada of the Spanish king Philip IV near Madrid. For this project Quellinus painted decorations after oil sketches by Rubens some of which have been preserved (Prado Museum). In early 1637 Quellinus drew frontispieces for the Antwerp printing house Plantin Press according to Rubens’ instructions regarding iconography and layout. These drawings were in Quellinus’ own style as Rubens let him a free hand in the design of the modelli. His brother Artus Quellinus I returned", "id": "11150846" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nwith living people and animals. Van Utrecht also painted a number of flower still lifes. He was a regular collaborator with leading Antwerp painters who had been pupils or assistants of Peter Paul Rubens, such as Jacob Jordaens, David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus II, Gerard Seghers, Theodoor Rombouts, Abraham van Diepenbeeck and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Adriaen van Utrecht was born in Antwerp as the son of Abel van Utrecht en Anne Huybrecht. In 1614 he became a pupil of Herman de Neyt, a painter and art dealer who", "id": "18461230" }, { "contents": "Baroque sculpture\n\n\nof a family of famous sculptors and painters, and son of another sculptor, Erasmus Quellinus. He settled in Antwerp in 1639. He became close to Rubens, and his work applied many of the principles of the compositions of Rubens to sculpture. Another important Belgian Baroque sculptor was Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen (1654–1724), who carved very elaborate sculptures, full of biblical scenes, flora and fauna,allegories and symbols for the ceremonial puppets the cathedrals and churches in Brussels, Louvain, Antwerp, Mechelen, and other cities. Early", "id": "16040697" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nwas back in Antwerp in 1657 and became an Antwerp burgher on 11 May 1663. His wife died on 15 October 1668 and the next year Artus remarried to Cornelia Volders. In the latter part of his life Quellinus received many commissions, primarily for church furnishings and tomb sculptures. His pupils include Alexander van Papenhoven, Thomas Quellinus, Jan van den Steen, (1633–1723), the Master of the St. Luke in Antwerp, Cornelis van Scheyck (1679–1680); Balten Rubbens (1685–1686); Adriaen Govaerts (1690–91) and", "id": "13073285" }, { "contents": "Peter Ykens\n\n\ntrained 28 pupils including Karel Breydel, Erasmus Causse, Gaspaer Janssens, Jan Thomas van Kessel, Henderick van Mael, Francis Scalie, Jan Baptist Kretsaert and Jacob Leyssens. His eldest son Jan Frans became a staffage painter who collaborated with still life painters of flowers and fruit. He died in Antwerp. He painted portraits and Christian religious representations and made a large number of altarpieces and paintings for local churches and palaces. As was the custom in Antwerp at the time, he often worked together with other painters who were specialists in", "id": "8049116" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\n. The couple had six children of whom three became artists: Artus Quellinus III and Thomas Quellinus were both successful sculptors whereas Cornelis Quellinus became a painter about whom little is known. The young Artus joined his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Amsterdam around 1653 where he became one of the members of the team of artists that worked under the direction of Artus I on the decoration of the newly built City Hall on the Dam Square. The artist traveled to Italy and probably visited Turin, Florence and Rome between 1655 and 1657. He", "id": "13073284" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nUden. The couple had three sons: Erasmus, who would become a painter and engraver, Artus, who would follow in his father’s footsteps and become a sculptor, and Hubertus, who became an engraver and painter. His daughter Cornelia Quellinus married his pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. He was the teacher of Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder, Melchior Charles, Wallerant Vaillant, Joos Sterck (1607); Rombout Claes (1609), Melchior van der Lanen (1612), Hans Franscoys (1614),", "id": "7355032" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nfurther inspired by the cult of veneration and devotion to Mary prevalent at the Habsburg court (then the rulers over the Southern Netherlands) and in Antwerp generally. Garland paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image, portrait or other religious symbol (such as the host). The paintings are usually a collaboration between a flower painter and a staffage painter. Van Thielen produced multiple garland paintings in collaboration with other artists. His collaborators included his brother-in-law Erasmus Quellinus II, Nicolas de Largilliere, Jan van", "id": "12866287" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nhe was the brother-in-law of Erasmus Quellinus II. Erasmus Quelllinus was married to the sister of his wife and would become one of the leading history painters in Flanders after the deaths of Rubens and van Dyck. Quellinus drew van Thielens’ portrait that was engraved by Richard Collin for Cornelis de Bie's book of artist biographies Het Gulden Cabinet. Van Thielen and his wife had 9 children. Because he liked flower painting he changed masters in 1641 and began training with Daniel Seghers, the leading flower painter in Flanders", "id": "12866282" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nbe regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. Typical examples of his work are the painting \"A Poor Company at Table in a Rustic Kitchen\" held by the National Trust at Tyntesfield and oil on copper religious paintings, such as \"Daniel in the Lion's Den\"", "id": "11181882" }, { "contents": "Mattheus Borrekens\n\n\nAntwerp on 25 December 1670. Mattheus Borrekens was mainly a reproductive printmaker. He made prints after the work of leading Flemish painters of his time such as Rubens, van Dyck, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Abraham van Diepenbeeck, Jan Thomas van Ieperen, Pieter van Lint and Cornelis Schut. He mainly concentrated on Christian religious subjects and portraits. He also engraved frontispieces of publications such as Christophe Butkens's\"Trophées tant sacrés et profanes du Duché de Brabant\". 1724-1726. For this publication he engraved after a design by van Diepenbeeck", "id": "2345697" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nmaster’s daughter, Cornelia Quellinus. Through his marriage he became the brother in law of the leading Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1641 and in 1659 he became the deacon of the Guild. His first wife died in 1662, and he remarried in 1665, to Elisabeth Lemmens. He was the father of the sculptors Pieter Verbrugghen II and Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen. His daughter Suzanna married the sculptor Peeter Meesens. His pupils included some of the leading representatives of the", "id": "11276651" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nhave made individual statues, none of which have survived. In 1635 he was awarded the contract to make the pulpit of the St. Elisabeth Hospital in Antwerp. This work is an example of early Baroque in Antwerp and shows Erasmus’ mastery of balance and symmetry, even though there is no sense of realism. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known commissions. He made the original design for the pulpit, which, after his death, was somewhat changed by his son Artus while Pieter Verbrugghen", "id": "7355034" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Barbé\n\n\nNicolaas Lauwers for infringement of privileges relating to prints he had created, he received the support of Rubens. Barbé married Christien (or Christina) Wierix, the daughter of the prominent engraver and publisher Hieronymus Wierix on 30 March 1620. According to the contemporary notes of the painter Erasmus Quellinus II, Barbé was a very ugly person, while his daughter, who was a gifted engraver, was counted among 'the most beautiful women of Antwerp'. Hieronymus Wierix , the father of his wife, had died in 1619 before the", "id": "20064889" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nthe most successful Flemish Baroque sculptor of the mid 17th century. Artus II is likely to have received his training as a sculptor from his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Antwerp to where he must have moved from his native city of Sint-Truiden (then in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, now in the Belgian province of Limburg). Artus Quellinus II became a master of the Guild of Saint Luke in Antwerp in 1650–51. Artus Quellinus II married Anna Maria Gabron, the sister of the painter Willem Gabron, in 1653", "id": "13073283" }, { "contents": "Daniel Seghers\n\n\n, the collaborators are not always known with certainty. It is known he often worked with Cornelis Schut, Erasmus Quellinus II, Abraham van Diepenbeek, Simon de Vos, Jan van den Hoecke, Gonzales Coques and Rubens. Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert is also mentioned as his collaborator. It is possible that Seghers collaborated with Rubens on a garland painting for the Saint Carolus Borromeus church in Antwerp. During his stay in Rome he also collaborated with Poussin and Domenichino. Unlike in his later collaborations, Seghers is believed to have added flower garlands", "id": "7240113" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nErasmus de Bie (1629 in Antwerp – 1675 in Antwerp) was a Flemish Baroque painter known for his city views and genre scenes. He depicted several lively scenes of large public celebrations in his hometown of Antwerp. It is not clear whether the views of Italianate cities and landscapes attributed to him are the work of Adriaen de Bie, a Flemish painter from Lier who worked in Italy for a while. Very little is known about the life of Erasmus de Bie. He was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter", "id": "4566739" }, { "contents": "Willem Gabron\n\n\n. He was first registered in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke as a ‘wijnmeester’ (i.e. son of a master of the Guild) in the guild year 1640-41, along with his younger brother Antoon. His sister Anna Maria married the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Younger. Gabron travelled to Rome, at the latest by 1646. Here he became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the", "id": "12740318" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nBaroque painter, and the engraving of the frontispiece was made by Jacob Neefs (Antwerp, June 3, 1610 – 1660), also after a design by Erasmus Quellinus the Younger. Christoffel Plantin (1520–1589), grandfather of Balthasar Moretus, set up his printing shop called 'De Gulden Passer' (Golden Compasses) in Antwerp in 1555, publishing both Catholic and Protestant literature. This Frenchman, who fled his native country to Antwerp to escape the persecution during the 1540s, was the best-known printer of his time", "id": "2235324" }, { "contents": "Jan Anton van der Baren\n\n\nare a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder. These paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Van der Baren collaborated on garland paintings with other painters, such as Erasmus Quellinus II and the Flemish émigré painter Nikolaus van Hoy. These collaborators painted the devotional image while van der Baren painted the flower garland. An example is the \"Garland of flowers surrounding the Holy Family", "id": "16752890" }, { "contents": "Jacob de Formentrou\n\n\nthe conclusion that the painting is not a collaboration between all the artists whose works are represented in the painting but rather represents the combined effort of de Formentrou and Erasmus Quellinus II, a leading Antwerp painter. F. G. Meijer on the other hand believes that the composition is a collaboration between all of the artists whose work are depicted. He attributes the composition and the various pictures depicted in it as follows: The painting can be read as a reference to connoisseurship, and in particular the connoisseur's activity of evaluating the authorship of", "id": "8771731" }, { "contents": "Nicolaas van Eyck\n\n\nstarted to study in 1632. He was a captain of a local schutterij and this may be a reason why he painted military scenes. He was friends with the flower painter Jan Philip van Thielen, who had also been a pupil of Rombouts. Van Eyck was godfather to at least one of van Thielen's nine children. He was the teacher of Pieter Hofman. His sons Nicolaas II and Jan Carel van Eyck became painters. Jan Carel was a student of Jan Erasmus Quellinus and spent time in Italy. Nicolaas van Eyck", "id": "8735899" }, { "contents": "Philips Augustijn Immenraet\n\n\nwould paint the landscape while the other specialist painters would take care of other aspects of the painting such as staffage, architecture, animals or still life elements. A collaboration with Erasmus Quellinus II is reported by the Dutch biographer Arnold Houbraken. The Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium holds the 1672 painting \"The Legend of William Tell shown to the Antwerp Guild of St Sebastian\", which is a collaboration between Immenraet, Wilhelm Schubert van Ehrenberg (who painted the architecture) and Karel-Emmanuel Biset. He also worked with", "id": "10869502" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nUniversity – the same city where Jan Baptist Zangrius was also active. Here Lobkowitz published a major work titled \"Theologia Moralis ad prima, eaque clarissima principia reducta\" printed by Perus Zangrius (Lovanii, typis ac sumptibus Petrus Zangrius, 1645). His book titled \"Philippus Prudens\" containing some hatched arms was published in 1639 by Balthasar Moretus in Antwerp. The coats of arms were engraved by Cornelius Galle the Younger, after the drawings of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger (Antwerp, 1607 - Antwerp, 1678), a Flemish", "id": "2235323" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nFrans de Bie the Elder. He was baptised on 20 December 1629 in the St. Walburga church in Antwerp. He became a pupil of David Ryckaert III in 1641 and was admitted as a master in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645-1646. He married Catharina Douglas, called de Schot (the Scot), and was the father of Frans and Jan Baptist de Bie, who both became painters. Jan Baptist emigrated to Vienna where he remained active. Erasmus de Bie had pupils in 1660 and in 1666,", "id": "4566740" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck (III)\n\n\nSnellinck the Younger was a genre and history painter. His great-grandfather was the prominent Flemish painter and art dealer Jan Snellinck the Elder, who was originally from Mechelen and worked most of his career in Antwerp. Jan Snellinck (III)'s grand-uncles Daniel and Gerard were also painters. Very little is known about the life of Jan Snellinck (III). He likely trained with his father. He was active in Rotterdam for his entire career. The death date and place of Jan Snellinck are not known but", "id": "10515381" }, { "contents": "Anton Goubau\n\n\nat the front on the right, which expresses the transience of power and fame. In addition to his cityscapes, Goubau painted many religious compositions, especially designed for churches in Antwerp. He also made a number of religious paintings on copper as part of a series made for the Spanish market to which other Flemish painters such as Willem van Herp, Erasmus Quellinus II, and possibly Abraham Willemsens contributed. The series is now kept in the Convent of las Comendadoras de Santiaga in Madrid. He painted portraits as evidenced by the portrait", "id": "4569148" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof forms achieved through a sculptural use of light. Quellinus’ oldest known work is the 1634 \"Adoration of the Shepherds\" (Alte Pinakothek, Munich), which is in this Caravaggesque mode. From the 1640s, his style took on a classicizing aspect and a sculptured look. Erasmus never travelled to Italy so this stylistic development was likely influenced by the work of his brother Artus, who introduced his own style of classicizing Baroque in Flemish sculpture after returning from Rome in 1640. Both brothers depicted similar idealizing Antique figures in", "id": "11150852" }, { "contents": "Jan Siberechts\n\n\nEngland around 1672 and spent the first three years in England painting decorations in the Duke’s newly built Cliveden House at Taplow, Buckinghamshire, England. From the second part of the 1670s and in the 1680s he travelled widely in England completing numerous commissions for aristocratic clients. He lived in London where one of his daughters was a lace-maker for the Queen. His younger daughter, Frances, married the Flemish émigré sculptor Artus Quellinus III (known in England as 'Arnold Quellinus') and, after being widowed, John", "id": "14682967" }, { "contents": "Jan Fyt\n\n\n, Fyt collaborated regularly with other painters who were specialist in other areas such as figure, landscape or architectural painting. He thus relied on figure painters such as Cornelius Schut, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly on occasion Jacob Jordaens and on figure and architectural painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II. Jan Fyt produced many drawings of animals based usually on studies from nature. The Hermitage holds a large gouache drawing of a \"\". It is rich in colour and carefully executed and was likely intended as a model for tapestry cartoon. Fyt", "id": "1007601" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nartistic direction over the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the newly appointed governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, Leo van Heil worked as Quellinus' architectural assistant. The Archduke became his patron and appointed him as his court architect and commissioned various projects from van Heil, including a stone gate for the Archduke's palace in Brussels. The painter and printmaker Renier Meganck, who later worked as a court painter in Vienna, became a pupil of Leo van Heil in Brussels in 1656. In his time Leo van", "id": "8052851" }, { "contents": "Gerard Seghers\n\n\nGerard Seghers (1591 in Antwerp – 18 March 1651 in Antwerp) was a Flemish painter, art collector and art dealer. After a period of study of study and residence in Rome, he returned to Flanders where he became one of the leading representatives of the Flemish Caravaggisti movement. In his later career he abandoned the Caravaggist style and genre motifs to become an important painter of large altarpieces for local churches. Gerard Seghers was born in Antwerp as the son of innkeeper Jan Seghers and his wife Ida de Neve. He was", "id": "7355415" }, { "contents": "Jacob Leyssens\n\n\nJacob Leyssens or Jacob Lyssens (nickname Notenkraker) (1661, Antwerp - 1710, Antwerp), was a Flemish painter and decorator. After training in Antwerp, he spent a long time in Rome. After his return to Antwerp, he was active as a painter and decorator and collaborated with prominent Antwerp still life painters such as Gaspar Peeter Verbruggen the Younger and Jan Baptist Bosschaert. He was a student of Peter Ykens in 1674. He travelled to Rome at a young age as he is mentioned there in 1680. He", "id": "13757002" }, { "contents": "Francesco Ruschi\n\n\nFrancesco Ruschi was an Italian painter born in Rome around 1610. He studied in Rome under Giuseppe Cesari (Cavalier d'Arpino), Francesco Albani and Pietro da Cortona. His work also shows the influence of Caravaggio. He settled in Venice before 1629. He became a friend of the writer Giovan Francesco Loredan, for whom he drew the cover pages of several works. He moved to Treviso from 1656, and died there in 1661. Ruschi was influenced by the paintings of Paolo Veronese in his academic and decorative interpretations. These include", "id": "14035066" }, { "contents": "St. Peter in Chains Church (Beringen)\n\n\nor Vandereyt) and date from the late 17th century. Jan Rutten from Sint-Truiden completed the stalls after the death of Laurens Vandenreyt. The Baroque high altar contains a painting representing Christ on the cross attributed to the Antwerp painter Erasmus Quellinus II. The side altars are portico altars and contain the Baroque paintings \" Assumption and Coronation of Mary\" and the \"Finding of the Cross\", both by Anton Goubau. The rood screen is neogothic. The organ was manufactured in 1853 by Henri Vermeersch from Duffel and is the", "id": "12887333" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck\n\n\nJan Snellinck or Jan Snellinck (I) (Mechelen, c. 1548 – Antwerp, 1 October 1638) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and designer of tapestries, prints and frescoes. He is known for his large altarpieces and was also recognized as a leading battle painter in his time. Snellinck was active as an art dealer and art collector. Jan Snellinck was born in Mechelen as the son of Daniël Snellinck I, a painter and hawker, and Cornelia Verhulst (alias: Bessemeers). His mother came from a family", "id": "12059012" }, { "contents": "Paul de Vos\n\n\n. De Vos was able to develop his own personal style that accentuated abrupt movement, the gruesome aspects of hunts, used warmer colours and a broader brush stroke than Snyders. He also expanded the iconographic tradition with scenes of fighting cats and horses attacked by wolves. As was common amongst artists in 17th-century Antwerp, De Vos frequently collaborated with other painters. He collaborated with Rubens, Anthony van Dyck (, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg), Erasmus Quellinus II, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert, Adriaen van Utrecht and Jan Wildens", "id": "4556665" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nPieter Verbrugghen I (alternative spellings: \"Pieter Verbruggen I\", \"Peter van der Brugghen I\", \"Pieter van der Brugghen I\", \"Peter Verbrugghen I\", \"Peeter Verbrugghen I\") (1615, Antwerp – 1686, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor from the Baroque. He was apprenticed in 1625 as a 'beeltsnijder' (sculptor) to Simon de Neef, who was an 'antijcsnijder' (ornamental sculptor). Later he worked under Erasmus Quellinus I and in 1641 he married his", "id": "11276650" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nThomas Quellinus (March 1661 – September 1709), also known, especially in Denmark, as Thomas Qvellinus, was a Flemish baroque sculptor. He was born in Antwerp but worked mainly in Copenhagen, Denmark. He is especially known for the production of grandiose and sumptuous memorial chapels, sepulchral monuments and epitaphs, which can be found in churches throughout Denmark and northern Germany’s Schleswig-Holstein area. His chapels and monuments are dramatically composed, executed in rare, differently coloured types of marble and framed by monumental architectural components.", "id": "11778978" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nscenes and designs for tapestries. Like Rubens, Quellinus was a \"pictor doctus\" with a strong grounding in ancient history and philosophy. He had built an extensive library and art collection. This learning is reflected in the subject matter of his work. Even while he was a frequent collaborator with Rubens’ workshop in the 1630s, Quellinus developed a personal style distinctive from that of Rubens. This style is reminiscent of the Antwerp followers of Caravaggio such as Theodoor Rombouts and Gerard Seghers. Characteristics of this style are the strong modeling", "id": "11150851" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Bosschaert\n\n\nJan Baptist Bosschaert or Jan Baptist Bosschaert the Younger (baptized on 17 December 1667 in Antwerp –1746 in Antwerp) was a Flemish still life painter who is principally known for his decorative still lifes with flowers. He collaborated with figure artists on compositions which combined allegorical or mythological scenes with a still life element. He was active in Antwerp. Jan Baptist Bosschaert was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter-baker Jan Baptist and his second wife Joanna de Bie, the sister of the painter Erasmus de Bie. His", "id": "20819606" }, { "contents": "Wallerant Vaillant\n\n\nWallerant Vaillant (30 May 1623 – 28 August 1677) was a painter of the Dutch Golden Age and one of the first artists to use the mezzotint technique, which he probably helped to develop. Wallerant Vaillant was born in Lille, the oldest of five brothers who all became successful painters. It is said Wallerant was a student of Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) in Antwerp. He moved with his parents in 1643 to Amsterdam. In 1647 he lived in Middelburg, but in 1649 he was back in Amsterdam. In", "id": "8302348" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nHans Bernaert (or Beernart) (1615) and Christoffel de la Fontaine (1633–34). His work is not well known since only a few of his works have survived. Erasmus is primarily known as a sculptor who drew inspiration from antiquity. He worked in the late Renaissance style although his later work shows a development towards early Baroque. The bulk of his commissions consisted of the renovation and replacement of church furniture that had been destroyed during the iconoclastic troubles of the 16th century. Besides decorative work, he is known to", "id": "7355033" }, { "contents": "Rombaut Pauwels\n\n\nbrother of François Duquesnoy, and the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus also worked in this workshop in Rome. They and Rombaut Pauwels brought the moderate Baroque style of François Duquesnoy with them when they returned to the Southern Netherlands. After his return to Flanders, Rombaut Pauwels was active mainly in his hometown Mechelen and in Ghent. Rombaut Pauwels’ pupils included the brothers Hendrik and Jan Matthys. Rombaut Pauwels was a capable sculptor who worked in the classicizing Baroque style pioneered by François Duquesnoy but he lacked the virtuoso technique of his contemporaries Artus Quellinus", "id": "9167166" }, { "contents": "Lucas de Wael\n\n\nLucas de Wael (3 March 1591 – 25 October 1661) was a Flemish painter, engraver and merchant. He was born in Antwerp and worked for some time in Genoa in Italy before returning to Antwerp, where he died. Lucas de Wael was born into an artistic family in Antwerp as the son of the painter Jan de Wael I (1558-1633). His mother Gertrude de Jode came from a family of artists: her father was the cartographer Gerard de Jode and her brother was the engraver Peter de Jode", "id": "2957457" }, { "contents": "Jan van Balen\n\n\nGaspard, Theodoor van Thulden, Jan de Labare and Erasmus Quellinus the Younger on the execution of designs for the gallery on the Meir and the triumphal arch at St. John's Church in Antwerp. The overall design of the decorations was under the direction of Rubens. [[File:Jan Brueghel II, Jan van Balen - The Feast of Bacchus (Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus).jpg|thumb|\"The Feast of Bacchus\", with [[Jan Brueghel the Younger]] Jan van Balen left on 8 September 1639 with his brother Gaspard on", "id": "19729208" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nfor the Council Chamber, is repeated in a painting by Erasmus. This development towards classicist rigidity may reflect the influence of French art with its preference for classicism. Erasmus’ work also gained a theatrical aspect as reflected in the 1652 painting \"Artemisia\" (Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, University of Glasgow). The painting has a theatrical background like a park. This tendency became more evident in the 1660s when his paintings started to include grandiose scenery with flamboyant architecture. This is clear in the \"Let the Children Come", "id": "11150854" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nin particular the marble decorations he and his workshop produced, became an example for other buildings in Amsterdam. The team of sculptors that Artus supervised during his work on the Amsterdam city hall included many sculptors who would become leading sculptors in their own right such as his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Rombout Verhulst, Bartholomeus Eggers and Gabriël Grupello and probably also Grinling Gibbons. He returned to work in Antwerp in 1658 and remained active mainly in this city until his death. His many pupils included his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Martin Deurweerders", "id": "8459223" }, { "contents": "David Teniers III\n\n\nDavid Teniers III, also referred to as David Teniers junior (baptized 10 July 1638 – 2 October 1685) was a Flemish painter and tapestry designer who was mainly active in Antwerp, Madrid and Brussels. He is known for his portraits, religious compositions and genre scenes. David Teniers III was born in Antwerp where he was baptized on July 10 in the St. James' Church. He was a scion of two very prominent artist families from Antwerp: his father was the painter David Teniers the Younger and his mother was Anna", "id": "17442937" }, { "contents": "Gerard Douffet\n\n\nGerard Douffet (6 aug 1594 – 1660/1661), also known as Doufeet or Duffeit, was a Flemish painter. He was born at Liège in 1594, and studied for some time at Antwerp in the school of Rubens, and afterwards in Italy. He composed and designed with good taste, and his historical pictures are much esteemed. 'Pope Nicholas V. at the Tomb of St. Francis of Assisi ' (painted in 1627), 'St. Helena and the true Cross' (painted for the Abbey of St. Lawrence,", "id": "6883668" }, { "contents": "Jan van Buken\n\n\nJan van Buken or Jan van Beucken (10 March 1635 – 6 February 1690) was a Flemish painter mainly known for his genre paintings and still lifes. Jan van Buken was born in Antwerp. He became a master in the Guild of Saint Luke in 1658 where he was registered under the name 'Jan van Beucken'. In the period from 1666 to 1682 he worked in Rome while regularly travelling back to Antwerp. He returned to live in Antwerp after the death of his parents. Jan Baptist Beveren was registered as", "id": "15324731" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ntheir work in this period. His \"Adoration of the Holy Sacrament\" (1646) was painted in this style. From c. 1650 this classicism in his work became rigid and his compositions from this period made use of a limited number of stereotyped and idealized figure types. This stylistic development is evident in the interior decorations he made for the new City Hall of Amsterdam, which he executed in collaboration with his brother Artus. The brothers achieved stylistic agreement in this commission: the \"Judgement of Solomon\", which Artus sculpted", "id": "11150853" }, { "contents": "Nikolaus van Hoy\n\n\nhe would have met in Rome and had later joined him in Brussels. At about 1667 he became the court painter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria. He retained this post until his death in Vienna in 1679. He was succeeded at the court by his son Nickolaus van Hoey the Younger (Antwerp 1660- Vienna ca. 1710). He made landscapes and portraits. He engraved religious scenes and mythological figures adapted from originals of Veronese, Barocci and Raphael. He was one of the", "id": "16812974" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\ngenres including cattle market scenes, Italianate landscapes and village scenes. He is probably best known for his depiction of festivals and processions set in his native Antwerp. His village scenes are reminiscent of the genre scenes of David Teniers the Younger. He also took his inspiration from other Flemish artists. For instance, his composition \"\" likely drew its inspiration from similar paintings representing processions in cities by Flemish artists such as Pieter van Aelst and Erasmus de Bie. He painted many scenes of cattle markets, which offered him the opportunity to", "id": "3658943" }, { "contents": "Jan van den Hecke\n\n\nKunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Archduke Leopold Wilhem must have particularly liked his flower pieces as all of van den Hecke's paintings which he collected were pictures of flowers in vases and baskets and garland paintings. Van Hecke returned to Antwerp around 1657. In 1660 he married Maria Adriana Heyens with whom he had three children. His son, known as Jan van den Hecke II, was born in 1661 and became a popular painter of flowers as well as other types of still life. His two known pupils were Peeter vander Elstraeten (", "id": "14931009" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nLeo van Heil (Brussels, 1605 – c.1664), was a Flemish architect, painter and miniature painter mainly of flowers and insects. He is chiefly remembered for his designs of the Brigittines chapel and the tower of the Saint Nicholas Church, both in Brussels. Leo van Heil was born in Brussels. He had two brothers who were also artists: Jan Baptist van Heil was a portrait painter and Daniel van Heil was a landscape painter specialising in winter scenes or burning fires. When in 1648 Erasmus Quellinus was given the general", "id": "8052850" }, { "contents": "Jan Verhas\n\n\ngovernment awarded him a special subsidy of 1,200 francs and commissioned from him a composition depicting the Battle of Kallo. In 1862 he travelled via Paris and Lyon to Italy, where he made stops in Turin, Milan and Venice. He remained in Venice for two to three months, studying and copying the masters. Lack of funds forced him to leave Italy. He travelled back via Paris where his brother Frans was working at the time. Jan assisted his brother in the execution of several decorative projects. Afterwards he resided in Antwerp", "id": "9399028" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\nPeeter the Elder and Joris became painters. Alexander trained under his father. He became a master in the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1685. On 11 August 1685, he married Cornelia Sporckmans, daughter of the Antwerp history painter Hubert Sporckmans. They had three daughters and six sons of whom Jan Frans became a painter. Alexander van Bredael died in Antwerp. His pupils include his son Jan Frans, Peeter Busschop, Johan Baptist Govaerts, Guielmus van Ryn and Pieter Snyers. Alexander van Bredael painted in a wide variety of", "id": "3658942" }, { "contents": "Filippo Zaniberti\n\n\nFilippo Zaniberti (1585–1636) was an Italian painter of the late Mannerist period. He was born in Brescia and active in Venice, where he became a pupil of Santo Peranda. Zaniberti's style recalls the richness of Paolo Veronese. He painted a \"Mannah in the desert\" for the main altarpiece of the church of Santa Maria Nuova of Venice. He worked alongside the fellow Peranda disciple, Matteo Ponzone, in the decoration of the Ducal palace of Mirandola. He painted a \"Marriage of St Catherine\" for the church", "id": "19300082" }, { "contents": "St. Paul's Church, Antwerp\n\n\ntwisted marble columns. The painting \"Adoration of the shepherds\" by Rubens forms the altar piece. The Maria Chapel also contains a white marble sculpture of \"Our Lady of Sorrows\" by Jan Pieter van Baurscheit de Elder. The church holds elaborate tomb monuments attributed to Johannes van Mildert, Pieter Verbrugghen II and Andries Colyns de Nole. The 17th century organ is regarded as one of the most important organs of Belgium. The monumental organ case was sculpted by Pieter Verbrugghen I after a design by Erasmus Quellinus II. In 1623", "id": "10432986" }, { "contents": "David Teniers the Elder\n\n\nDavid Teniers the Elder (158229 July 1649), Flemish painter, was born at Antwerp. Having received his first training in the painter's art from his brother Juliaen, he studied under Rubens in Antwerp, and subsequently under Elsheimer in Rome; he became a member of the Antwerp guild of painters in 1606. Though his ambition led him at times to try his skill in large religious, historical and mythological compositions, his claim to fame depends chiefly on his landscapes and paintings of peasants carousing, of kermesse scenes and the", "id": "12948361" } ]

[ { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke as a 'wijnmeester', i.e. the son of a member of the Guild. The next year he married Cornelia Teniers, the daughter of painter David Teniers the Younger. Jan Erasmus Quellinus received many commissions including a large commission for paintings destined for Antwerp’s Saint Michael's Abbey. Around 1680 Quellinus worked in Vienna for the Habsburg court as a court painter to Emperor Leopold I. Among other works, the most important commission he completed was a series of 15 ceiling paintings on events in the life", "id": "7354727" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nJan-Erasmus Quellinus or Jan Erasmus Quellinus (1634 in Antwerp – 11 March 1715 in Mechelen) was a Flemish painter and draughtsman and a member of the famous Quellinus family of artists. He was one of the last prominent representatives of the great Flemish school of history and portrait painting in the 17th century. His work displays the classicizing influences of his father Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and Paolo Veronese. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his grandfather Erasmus Quellinus", "id": "7354724" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nwritten as \" Sederboom\"), which means 'cedar tree'. He is also reported to have used another nickname: 'Corpus'. Quellinus later moved to Venice where he resided from circa 1660 to 1661. Here he was influenced by the style of Veronese as is shown by his drawings from that time. During his stay in Northern Italy he was also introduced to the architecture of Palladio, which informed some of the decorative motifs he used in his later compositions. Upon his return to Antwerp in 1661 he joined", "id": "7354726" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof his father’s Classicism. As a result art historians have difficulty attributing some works to either artist. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus developed further on the Classicism of his father linking it with the influence of Paolo Veronese from whom he borrowed grandeur and various dynamic details. Unlike his father he liked to incorporate in his paintings grand architectural elements which were derived from the Palladian buildings he had seen in Northern Italy. As was common practice at the time, he collaborated with specialist painters in Antwerp such as the still life painter Jan Fyt", "id": "7354730" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Elder, his father Erasmus the Younger, and his uncles Artus Quellinus the Elder and Hubertus Quellinus. He was trained by his father from 1649. Jan-Erasmus travelled to Italy where he initially resided in Rome from 1657 to 1659. He became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Jan-Erasmus was given the bent name \"Seederboom\" (also", "id": "7354725" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\none of the leading artistic families in Antwerp, producing sculptors, painters and printmakers who would develop careers in Flanders and abroad. Father Erasmus Quellinus I, a sculptor, had moved from Sint-Truiden to Antwerp. The brothers of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger were both artists: Artus (1609-1668) was a leading Baroque sculptor and Hubertus (1619-1687) an engraver. Erasmus Quellinus II became a student of Jan-Baptist Verhaeghe, an obscure artist, in 1633. He became a master of the Antwerp Guild", "id": "11150843" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Me\" of 1664 (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels). These later compositions possible reflect an influence by the early work of his son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. As was common in Antwerp at the time, Quellinus collaborated with other painters. He worked with still life specialists on still lifes and portraits. Many of the still lifes fall into the category of ‘garland paintings’. Garland paintings are a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder.", "id": "11150855" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus the Younger and Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) was a Flemish painter, engraver, draughtsman and tapestry designer who worked in various genres including history, portrait, battle and animal paintings. He was a pupil of Peter Paul Rubens and was one of the closest collaborators of Rubens in the 1630s. Following Rubens’ death in 1640 he became one of the most prolific and successful painters in Flanders. Erasmus Quellinus II was born in Antwerp as the son of Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden. The Quellinus family became", "id": "11150842" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus I or Erasmus Quellinus the Elder (alternate names: Erasmus Quellinck, Erasme Quellin (I)) (Sint-Truiden, 1584 - Antwerp, 22 January 1640) was a Flemish sculptor best known for classically inspired ornamentation work and copies after the antique. He was the founder of an important Antwerp dynasty of artists. Details of his early life and training have not survived. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1606. He married Betje van Uden, the sister of the painter Lucas van", "id": "7355031" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nHis brothers became prominent artists: Erasmus was a painter and Hubertus was an engraver and painter. His sister Cornelia married his father’s pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. Artus Quellinus received his first training from his father. In the period from 1635 to 1639 he trained in Rome in the studio of his compatriot François Duquesnoy. He spent time in Lyon together with the Flemish painter Laureys Franck and was in contact there with the Dutch engraver Nicolaas van Helt Stockade and the Dutch painter Jan Asselijn. He returned to Antwerp", "id": "8459221" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\n, Joseph van den Kerckhoven, Davit van den Heuvel, Francis Cools, Allowisius de Meyere, Jan-Baptist Hyacint Breydel, Gaspar (or Jasper) de Cantelbeeck (1685-86), Jan François Blondeau and Jacobus Blondeau (1697-98). From 1712 the artist resided and worked in Mechelen where he died on 11 March 1715. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was principally a history painter who also painted the occasional portrait. He had an extensive output supported by a large workshop. His style is closely related to that", "id": "7354729" }, { "contents": "Anthoni Schoonjans\n\n\nMarch 1655. He became in the Guild year 1668-1669 in Antwerp an apprentice of Erasmus Quellinus II and that master's son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. From 1674 to 1677 the artist resided in Reims and he also spent some time in Paris. In 1674 his mother met up with her son Anthoni in Reims. He left France and from 6 January 1675 he resided in Rome, where he familiarised himself with the Italian Baroque. He shared in Rome a residence with the flower painter Carel de Vogelaer in Via Margutta.", "id": "9299848" }, { "contents": "Nicolaes van Verendael\n\n\nteacher of someone referred to as 'priest Cano' and the flower painter Jean Baptiste Morel. Van Verendael mainly painted flower pieces, vanitas still lifes and a few allegorical scenes with monkeys. His dated works are from the period between 1659 and 1690. He was highly regarded from an early age when he started working with some of the leading Antwerp painters such as David Teniers the Younger, Gonzales Coques, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Boeckhorst, Carstian Luyckx and Jan Davidsz. de Heem. His early work shows the influence of", "id": "18460769" }, { "contents": "Theodoor Boeyermans\n\n\n' dated works are dated between 1660 and 1677. He was mainly a painter of history and allegorical paintings. The artist received many important commissions for churches in his native Antwerp, the Kempen region and in Malines, but made his name in his hometown by painting secular compositions. He also painted group portraits. Together with Jan-Erasmus Quellinus, Boeyermans was one of the last important 17th-century Flemish history painters. His style was influenced by Rubens and van Dyck but he favoured a darker palette than those two artists.", "id": "6673291" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin 1662. On 9 November 1663, Erasmus Quellinus II married Françoise de Fren. De Fren was the daughter of the well-off André de Fren, secretary of the Council of Brabant, and the sister of Isabella de Fren, who was married to the court painter David Teniers II. In 1665 Quellinus designed a cenotaph for the deceased Philip IV of Spain and the decorations for the Joyous Entry of Don Francisco de Moura as governor of the Habsburg Netherlands. Erasmus Quellinus II died in Antwerp on 7 November 1678. His", "id": "11150849" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Antwerp from Rome around 1640. Artus worked in a classicizing style of Baroque under the influence of his compatriot, the sculptor François Duquesnoy, in whose workshop in Rome he had worked. This style had in turn been influenced by the Classicism of Annibale Carracci. The two brothers would from then on work together on various projects and mutually influence each other. After Rubens’ death in 1640 Erasmus Quellinus became one of the leading history painters of Flanders. He received many commissions for altarpieces in the region. In 1648 he was", "id": "11150847" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ncommissioned to make the decorations for the Joyous Entry of the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm into Antwerp, thus playing the same role as Rubens 13 years earlier for the Joyous Entry of Ferdinand. He made the decorations for the announcement of the Treaty of Westphalia in the same year. Around 1656 Erasmus worked in Amsterdam where his brother Artus was responsible for the decoration of the new City Hall. Erasmus assisted in this project and the brothers also collaborated on other commissions. Erasmus painted altarpieces for clandestine Catholic churches in Amsterdam. His first wife died", "id": "11150848" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\npupils included his son Jan Erasmus Quellinus, Guilliam Forchondt (II), Julius de Geest, Willem de Ryck, Anthoni Schoonjans, Wallerant Vaillant and Remacle Serin. Erasmus Quellinus II was a very versatile artist who worked in various genres. He received numerous commissions for altarpieces depicting Counter-Reformation themes for churches and monasteries throughout the Southern Netherlands. He also received many civic commissions which allowed him to show his learning in the depiction of scenes from ancient history and mythology and allegorical compositions. In addition, he produced portraits, battle", "id": "11150850" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof Saint Luke in 1633-1634. In the 1630s, the artist worked and likely studied in the workshop of Rubens and regularly collaborated on projects with Rubens. In 1634 Erasmus II married Catharina de Hemelaer, a niece of Jan de Hemelaer, the deacon of Antwerp Cathedral. Their son Jan Erasmus followed in his father’s footsteps and became a painter. From the notes made by his son Jan Erasmus in the margin of his copy of Cornelis de Bie’s book of artist biographies entitled Het Gulden Cabinet, it is known", "id": "11150844" }, { "contents": "Jan van Kessel the Elder\n\n\na figure painter was responsible for the figure or other image in the cartouche. His collaborators on garland paintings are believed to have included his uncle David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus the Elder, Hendrick van Balen the Elder, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly Jan Boeckhorst. An example of a collaborative garland painting made by Jan van Kessel and David Teniers the Younger is the composition (c. 1660-1670, Louvre). In this work Jan van Kessel painted a decorative garland representing the four elements around a cartouche showing a young", "id": "16247184" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin the Hermitage Museum, a collaboration with Frans Ykens. Quellinus further collaborated with the animal and still life painter Jan Fyt on portraits such as the \"Portrait of a young boy\" (Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp) of c. 1650. Quellinus also collaborated with animal painters Peter Boel and genre painter Jan van Kessel the Elder. Erasmus Quellinus II executed various tapestry designs. In 1649 he produced the designs for a tapestry series depicting the \"History of the Thurn and Taxis Family\" (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of", "id": "11150857" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nHe was a member of the well-known Quellinus family of artists from 17th century Antwerp, major center of artistic life then known as \"the Florence of the North\". Thomas Quellinus was born in Antwerp to the leading Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus II and Anna Maria Gabron, and was baptised on 17 March 1661. He trained in his father’s workshop in the art of sculpture. After completing his apprenticeship with his father, he went to London, England, where he worked with his brother Artus Quellinus III. While", "id": "11778979" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nArtus Quellinus also known as Artus (Arnoldus) Quellijn, Artus Quellinus I or Artus Quellinus the Elder (20 or 30 August 1609, Antwerp  – 23 August 1668, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor. He is regarded as the most important representative of the Baroque in sculpture in the Southern Netherlands. His work had a major influence on the development of sculpture in Northern Europe. Artus Quellinus the Elder was born into an artistic family. He was the son of the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden.", "id": "8459220" }, { "contents": "Jan Pieter Brueghel\n\n\nJan Pieter Brueghel or Jan Pieter Breughel (29 August 1628 (baptised) – 1664) was a Flemish Baroque painter specialised in flower still lifes. Brueghel was born in Antwerp. He was the son of Jan Brueghel the Younger and Anna-Maria Janssens. He joined the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645 as \"wijnmeester\". He died in Italy, after 1664, and is known for flower still lifes. He created many garland paintings on which he collaborated with other painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II who painted the", "id": "10461841" }, { "contents": "Pieter Boel\n\n\nBoel got to know the work of the Genoese artist Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione and the still life painter Giuseppe Recco. He learned from these Italian masters to heighten the dramatic effect of his canvases by emphasizing the shadows. He also used red drapes in the background, a Baroque element par excellence, to enhance the atmosphere of his compositions. Boel is known to have collaborated with fellow Antwerp artists Erasmus Quellinus II and Jacob Jordaens, who painted the human figures in his compositions. Boel was accomplished in large-scale vanitas paintings depicting an", "id": "20560716" }, { "contents": "Pieter Bruegel the Elder\n\n\n(grandson of Jan Bruegel the Elder) and Jan van Kessel the Younger. Through David Teniers, the family is also related to the whole Teniers family of painters and the Quellinus family of painters and sculptors, since Jan-Erasmus Quellinus married Cornelia, daughter of David Teniers the Younger. Bruegel's art was long more highly valued by collectors than critics. His friend Abraham Ortelius described him in a friendship album in 1574 as \"the most perfect painter of his century\", but both Vasari and Van Mander see him as", "id": "17084192" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nflowers. The subject of vanitas as depicted here was unusual for van Utrecht and shows that his role in the development of new types of still life has not been sufficiently recognized in art-historical literature. As was common in Antwerp’s art sector at the time, van Utrecht collaborated with other specialist artists, typically figure painters. He is known to have provided the still life elements in paintings by Jacob Jordaens, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Cossiers, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. He is believed to have also collaborated with David Teniers", "id": "18461245" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nHubertus Quellinus or Hubert Quellinus (August 15, 1619, Antwerp – 1687) was a Flemish printmaker, draughtsman and painter and a member of the prominent Quellinus family of artists. His engravings after the work of his brother, the Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder, were instrumental in the spread of the Flemish Baroque idiom in Europe in the second half of the 17th century. Hubertus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his father Erasmus Quellinus the Elder and his brothers,", "id": "8520392" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus III\n\n\nArtus Quellinus III (1653, Antwerp – December 1686, London) was a Flemish sculptor active in London. His name is often anglicised to Arnold Quellan, Arnold Quellin or Arnold Quellinus or mistakenly given as \"Jan Quellinus\". He was the son of Artus Quellinus II and brother to the sculptor Thomas Quellinus and the painter Cornelis Quellinus He trained in his father's workshop in Antwerp before moving to London in 1682. He was married to Frances Siberechts, youngest daughter of the Antwerp-born painter Jan Siberechts, who had", "id": "13748725" }, { "contents": "Flemish Baroque painting\n\n\npainters combined a local influence from Rubens with knowledge of classicism and Italian Baroque qualities. Artists in the vein include Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Jan van den Hoecke, Pieter van Lint, Cornelis Schut, and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Later in the century, many painters turned to Anthony van Dyck as a major influence. Among them were Pieter Thijs, Lucas Franchoys the Younger, and artists who were also inspired by Late Baroque theatricality such as Theodoor Boeyermans and Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. Additionally, a Flemish variant of \"Caravaggism\"", "id": "6030293" }, { "contents": "Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen\n\n\nthe principal representatives of Flemish high baroque sculpture. The father had been a pupil of Erasmus Quellinus I, who was himself the founder of a prominent family of artists. The father married the daughter of his master Erasmus Quellinus. From this marriage Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was born. His brother Pieter Verbrugghen II was also a sculptor and worked in the workshop of his father. Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was trained by his father. Nonetheless, he did not start his career as a sculptor but as a draughtsman working with the illuminator Jan Ruyselinck", "id": "10070115" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nand Londerzeel. Many of his paintings can be regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. He often worked from prints made after the works of these masters to create his own compositions. An example is the (Prado Museum), which is based on a print after Rafael", "id": "11181884" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Rubens pupil Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and the prominent sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. In 1650 he traveled to Rome where he joined the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Hubertus was given the bent name \"Saracin\". Quellinus was in Amsterdam by 1660 where he collaborated on a publication, which consisted of two parts: the first part consisted of 30 plates depicting the Amsterdam", "id": "8520393" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\ncompleted the frontal decoration of the organ in the Antwerp cathedral, based on a design made by Erasmus Quellinus II. He and his workshop made the oak confessionals in the St. Paul's Church in Antwerp (between 1658 and 1660). He made the oak organ case in that church in collaboration with Artus Quellinus the Elder in 1654, and together with his son Pieter Verbrugghen II he executed the designs for the high altar in 1670. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known creations. The", "id": "11276653" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nArtus Quellinus II or Artus Quellinus the Younger (alternative first name: Arnold; variation on family name: Quellijn, Quellyn, Quellien, Quellin, Quellinius) (between 10 and 20 November 1625, Sint-Truiden – 22 November 1700, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor who played an important role in the evolution of Northern-European sculpture from High Baroque to Late Baroque. Artus Quellinus II was born into an artistic family. His uncle was the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I, whose son was Artus Quellinus I,", "id": "13073282" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Some of these works are now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. He returned to Antwerp where between the years 1685 and 1712 he worked on many commissions for churches in Antwerp and throughout Flanders. He also had many pupils including Anthoni Schoonjans, Simon de Marets, Jan Carel van Eyck, Guiliam Draeger (1668-69), Christoffel Franciscus Ponsel, Jacobus de Play (1669-1670), Peeter Heymans, Franciscus Carnonckel, Franciscus Cuylen, Hieronymus Galle (1673-74)", "id": "7354728" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nthat Erasmus II obtained a degree in philosophy. This explains the fact that he wrote a philosophical tract entitled \"Philosophia\", which was recorded in the 1679 inventory of his estate. Quellinus became a regular collaborator with Rubens from 1635. He first worked on the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the new governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand. Rubens was in overall charge of this project. Quellinus made decorative paintings after designs by Rubens of which six have survived. In the period 1636-1638 Rubens", "id": "11150845" }, { "contents": "Joannes Chrysostomus Teniers\n\n\n. As abbot he took the motto \"Tene Quod Bene\" (\"Hold on to what is good\", 1 Thessalonians 5, verse 21). Teniers died in Antwerp on 30 November 1709. His portrait painted by Jan-Erasmus Quellinus is inside Tongerlo Abbey. Teniers had some reputation as a preacher and a manuscript of his sermons for feastdays was preserved in the monastery library, as well as two volumes of his notes on the works of St Augustine. One of Teniers' poems was published in the preliminary matter", "id": "1158593" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nThese paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Erasmus Quellinus II collaborated on garland paintings with still life specialists, such as his brother-in-law Jan Philip van Thielen, Daniel Seghers, Jan Pieter Brueghel, Frans Ykens, Peter Willebeeck and Jan Anton van der Baren. These collaborators painted the flower garland while Quellinus painted the figures and architectural setting. An example is the \"Holy Family in a Wreath of Flowers\"", "id": "11150856" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\n’ workshop received a large commission to make mythological decorations for the hunting pavilion Torre de la Parada of the Spanish king Philip IV near Madrid. For this project Quellinus painted decorations after oil sketches by Rubens some of which have been preserved (Prado Museum). In early 1637 Quellinus drew frontispieces for the Antwerp printing house Plantin Press according to Rubens’ instructions regarding iconography and layout. These drawings were in Quellinus’ own style as Rubens let him a free hand in the design of the modelli. His brother Artus Quellinus I returned", "id": "11150846" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nwith living people and animals. Van Utrecht also painted a number of flower still lifes. He was a regular collaborator with leading Antwerp painters who had been pupils or assistants of Peter Paul Rubens, such as Jacob Jordaens, David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus II, Gerard Seghers, Theodoor Rombouts, Abraham van Diepenbeeck and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Adriaen van Utrecht was born in Antwerp as the son of Abel van Utrecht en Anne Huybrecht. In 1614 he became a pupil of Herman de Neyt, a painter and art dealer who", "id": "18461230" }, { "contents": "Baroque sculpture\n\n\nof a family of famous sculptors and painters, and son of another sculptor, Erasmus Quellinus. He settled in Antwerp in 1639. He became close to Rubens, and his work applied many of the principles of the compositions of Rubens to sculpture. Another important Belgian Baroque sculptor was Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen (1654–1724), who carved very elaborate sculptures, full of biblical scenes, flora and fauna,allegories and symbols for the ceremonial puppets the cathedrals and churches in Brussels, Louvain, Antwerp, Mechelen, and other cities. Early", "id": "16040697" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nwas back in Antwerp in 1657 and became an Antwerp burgher on 11 May 1663. His wife died on 15 October 1668 and the next year Artus remarried to Cornelia Volders. In the latter part of his life Quellinus received many commissions, primarily for church furnishings and tomb sculptures. His pupils include Alexander van Papenhoven, Thomas Quellinus, Jan van den Steen, (1633–1723), the Master of the St. Luke in Antwerp, Cornelis van Scheyck (1679–1680); Balten Rubbens (1685–1686); Adriaen Govaerts (1690–91) and", "id": "13073285" }, { "contents": "Peter Ykens\n\n\ntrained 28 pupils including Karel Breydel, Erasmus Causse, Gaspaer Janssens, Jan Thomas van Kessel, Henderick van Mael, Francis Scalie, Jan Baptist Kretsaert and Jacob Leyssens. His eldest son Jan Frans became a staffage painter who collaborated with still life painters of flowers and fruit. He died in Antwerp. He painted portraits and Christian religious representations and made a large number of altarpieces and paintings for local churches and palaces. As was the custom in Antwerp at the time, he often worked together with other painters who were specialists in", "id": "8049116" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\n. The couple had six children of whom three became artists: Artus Quellinus III and Thomas Quellinus were both successful sculptors whereas Cornelis Quellinus became a painter about whom little is known. The young Artus joined his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Amsterdam around 1653 where he became one of the members of the team of artists that worked under the direction of Artus I on the decoration of the newly built City Hall on the Dam Square. The artist traveled to Italy and probably visited Turin, Florence and Rome between 1655 and 1657. He", "id": "13073284" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nUden. The couple had three sons: Erasmus, who would become a painter and engraver, Artus, who would follow in his father’s footsteps and become a sculptor, and Hubertus, who became an engraver and painter. His daughter Cornelia Quellinus married his pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. He was the teacher of Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder, Melchior Charles, Wallerant Vaillant, Joos Sterck (1607); Rombout Claes (1609), Melchior van der Lanen (1612), Hans Franscoys (1614),", "id": "7355032" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nfurther inspired by the cult of veneration and devotion to Mary prevalent at the Habsburg court (then the rulers over the Southern Netherlands) and in Antwerp generally. Garland paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image, portrait or other religious symbol (such as the host). The paintings are usually a collaboration between a flower painter and a staffage painter. Van Thielen produced multiple garland paintings in collaboration with other artists. His collaborators included his brother-in-law Erasmus Quellinus II, Nicolas de Largilliere, Jan van", "id": "12866287" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nhe was the brother-in-law of Erasmus Quellinus II. Erasmus Quelllinus was married to the sister of his wife and would become one of the leading history painters in Flanders after the deaths of Rubens and van Dyck. Quellinus drew van Thielens’ portrait that was engraved by Richard Collin for Cornelis de Bie's book of artist biographies Het Gulden Cabinet. Van Thielen and his wife had 9 children. Because he liked flower painting he changed masters in 1641 and began training with Daniel Seghers, the leading flower painter in Flanders", "id": "12866282" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nbe regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. Typical examples of his work are the painting \"A Poor Company at Table in a Rustic Kitchen\" held by the National Trust at Tyntesfield and oil on copper religious paintings, such as \"Daniel in the Lion's Den\"", "id": "11181882" }, { "contents": "Mattheus Borrekens\n\n\nAntwerp on 25 December 1670. Mattheus Borrekens was mainly a reproductive printmaker. He made prints after the work of leading Flemish painters of his time such as Rubens, van Dyck, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Abraham van Diepenbeeck, Jan Thomas van Ieperen, Pieter van Lint and Cornelis Schut. He mainly concentrated on Christian religious subjects and portraits. He also engraved frontispieces of publications such as Christophe Butkens's\"Trophées tant sacrés et profanes du Duché de Brabant\". 1724-1726. For this publication he engraved after a design by van Diepenbeeck", "id": "2345697" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nmaster’s daughter, Cornelia Quellinus. Through his marriage he became the brother in law of the leading Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1641 and in 1659 he became the deacon of the Guild. His first wife died in 1662, and he remarried in 1665, to Elisabeth Lemmens. He was the father of the sculptors Pieter Verbrugghen II and Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen. His daughter Suzanna married the sculptor Peeter Meesens. His pupils included some of the leading representatives of the", "id": "11276651" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nhave made individual statues, none of which have survived. In 1635 he was awarded the contract to make the pulpit of the St. Elisabeth Hospital in Antwerp. This work is an example of early Baroque in Antwerp and shows Erasmus’ mastery of balance and symmetry, even though there is no sense of realism. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known commissions. He made the original design for the pulpit, which, after his death, was somewhat changed by his son Artus while Pieter Verbrugghen", "id": "7355034" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Barbé\n\n\nNicolaas Lauwers for infringement of privileges relating to prints he had created, he received the support of Rubens. Barbé married Christien (or Christina) Wierix, the daughter of the prominent engraver and publisher Hieronymus Wierix on 30 March 1620. According to the contemporary notes of the painter Erasmus Quellinus II, Barbé was a very ugly person, while his daughter, who was a gifted engraver, was counted among 'the most beautiful women of Antwerp'. Hieronymus Wierix , the father of his wife, had died in 1619 before the", "id": "20064889" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nthe most successful Flemish Baroque sculptor of the mid 17th century. Artus II is likely to have received his training as a sculptor from his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Antwerp to where he must have moved from his native city of Sint-Truiden (then in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, now in the Belgian province of Limburg). Artus Quellinus II became a master of the Guild of Saint Luke in Antwerp in 1650–51. Artus Quellinus II married Anna Maria Gabron, the sister of the painter Willem Gabron, in 1653", "id": "13073283" }, { "contents": "Daniel Seghers\n\n\n, the collaborators are not always known with certainty. It is known he often worked with Cornelis Schut, Erasmus Quellinus II, Abraham van Diepenbeek, Simon de Vos, Jan van den Hoecke, Gonzales Coques and Rubens. Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert is also mentioned as his collaborator. It is possible that Seghers collaborated with Rubens on a garland painting for the Saint Carolus Borromeus church in Antwerp. During his stay in Rome he also collaborated with Poussin and Domenichino. Unlike in his later collaborations, Seghers is believed to have added flower garlands", "id": "7240113" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nErasmus de Bie (1629 in Antwerp – 1675 in Antwerp) was a Flemish Baroque painter known for his city views and genre scenes. He depicted several lively scenes of large public celebrations in his hometown of Antwerp. It is not clear whether the views of Italianate cities and landscapes attributed to him are the work of Adriaen de Bie, a Flemish painter from Lier who worked in Italy for a while. Very little is known about the life of Erasmus de Bie. He was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter", "id": "4566739" }, { "contents": "Willem Gabron\n\n\n. He was first registered in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke as a ‘wijnmeester’ (i.e. son of a master of the Guild) in the guild year 1640-41, along with his younger brother Antoon. His sister Anna Maria married the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Younger. Gabron travelled to Rome, at the latest by 1646. Here he became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the", "id": "12740318" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nBaroque painter, and the engraving of the frontispiece was made by Jacob Neefs (Antwerp, June 3, 1610 – 1660), also after a design by Erasmus Quellinus the Younger. Christoffel Plantin (1520–1589), grandfather of Balthasar Moretus, set up his printing shop called 'De Gulden Passer' (Golden Compasses) in Antwerp in 1555, publishing both Catholic and Protestant literature. This Frenchman, who fled his native country to Antwerp to escape the persecution during the 1540s, was the best-known printer of his time", "id": "2235324" }, { "contents": "Jan Anton van der Baren\n\n\nare a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder. These paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Van der Baren collaborated on garland paintings with other painters, such as Erasmus Quellinus II and the Flemish émigré painter Nikolaus van Hoy. These collaborators painted the devotional image while van der Baren painted the flower garland. An example is the \"Garland of flowers surrounding the Holy Family", "id": "16752890" }, { "contents": "Jacob de Formentrou\n\n\nthe conclusion that the painting is not a collaboration between all the artists whose works are represented in the painting but rather represents the combined effort of de Formentrou and Erasmus Quellinus II, a leading Antwerp painter. F. G. Meijer on the other hand believes that the composition is a collaboration between all of the artists whose work are depicted. He attributes the composition and the various pictures depicted in it as follows: The painting can be read as a reference to connoisseurship, and in particular the connoisseur's activity of evaluating the authorship of", "id": "8771731" }, { "contents": "Nicolaas van Eyck\n\n\nstarted to study in 1632. He was a captain of a local schutterij and this may be a reason why he painted military scenes. He was friends with the flower painter Jan Philip van Thielen, who had also been a pupil of Rombouts. Van Eyck was godfather to at least one of van Thielen's nine children. He was the teacher of Pieter Hofman. His sons Nicolaas II and Jan Carel van Eyck became painters. Jan Carel was a student of Jan Erasmus Quellinus and spent time in Italy. Nicolaas van Eyck", "id": "8735899" }, { "contents": "Philips Augustijn Immenraet\n\n\nwould paint the landscape while the other specialist painters would take care of other aspects of the painting such as staffage, architecture, animals or still life elements. A collaboration with Erasmus Quellinus II is reported by the Dutch biographer Arnold Houbraken. The Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium holds the 1672 painting \"The Legend of William Tell shown to the Antwerp Guild of St Sebastian\", which is a collaboration between Immenraet, Wilhelm Schubert van Ehrenberg (who painted the architecture) and Karel-Emmanuel Biset. He also worked with", "id": "10869502" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nUniversity – the same city where Jan Baptist Zangrius was also active. Here Lobkowitz published a major work titled \"Theologia Moralis ad prima, eaque clarissima principia reducta\" printed by Perus Zangrius (Lovanii, typis ac sumptibus Petrus Zangrius, 1645). His book titled \"Philippus Prudens\" containing some hatched arms was published in 1639 by Balthasar Moretus in Antwerp. The coats of arms were engraved by Cornelius Galle the Younger, after the drawings of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger (Antwerp, 1607 - Antwerp, 1678), a Flemish", "id": "2235323" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nFrans de Bie the Elder. He was baptised on 20 December 1629 in the St. Walburga church in Antwerp. He became a pupil of David Ryckaert III in 1641 and was admitted as a master in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645-1646. He married Catharina Douglas, called de Schot (the Scot), and was the father of Frans and Jan Baptist de Bie, who both became painters. Jan Baptist emigrated to Vienna where he remained active. Erasmus de Bie had pupils in 1660 and in 1666,", "id": "4566740" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck (III)\n\n\nSnellinck the Younger was a genre and history painter. His great-grandfather was the prominent Flemish painter and art dealer Jan Snellinck the Elder, who was originally from Mechelen and worked most of his career in Antwerp. Jan Snellinck (III)'s grand-uncles Daniel and Gerard were also painters. Very little is known about the life of Jan Snellinck (III). He likely trained with his father. He was active in Rotterdam for his entire career. The death date and place of Jan Snellinck are not known but", "id": "10515381" }, { "contents": "Anton Goubau\n\n\nat the front on the right, which expresses the transience of power and fame. In addition to his cityscapes, Goubau painted many religious compositions, especially designed for churches in Antwerp. He also made a number of religious paintings on copper as part of a series made for the Spanish market to which other Flemish painters such as Willem van Herp, Erasmus Quellinus II, and possibly Abraham Willemsens contributed. The series is now kept in the Convent of las Comendadoras de Santiaga in Madrid. He painted portraits as evidenced by the portrait", "id": "4569148" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof forms achieved through a sculptural use of light. Quellinus’ oldest known work is the 1634 \"Adoration of the Shepherds\" (Alte Pinakothek, Munich), which is in this Caravaggesque mode. From the 1640s, his style took on a classicizing aspect and a sculptured look. Erasmus never travelled to Italy so this stylistic development was likely influenced by the work of his brother Artus, who introduced his own style of classicizing Baroque in Flemish sculpture after returning from Rome in 1640. Both brothers depicted similar idealizing Antique figures in", "id": "11150852" }, { "contents": "Jan Siberechts\n\n\nEngland around 1672 and spent the first three years in England painting decorations in the Duke’s newly built Cliveden House at Taplow, Buckinghamshire, England. From the second part of the 1670s and in the 1680s he travelled widely in England completing numerous commissions for aristocratic clients. He lived in London where one of his daughters was a lace-maker for the Queen. His younger daughter, Frances, married the Flemish émigré sculptor Artus Quellinus III (known in England as 'Arnold Quellinus') and, after being widowed, John", "id": "14682967" }, { "contents": "Jan Fyt\n\n\n, Fyt collaborated regularly with other painters who were specialist in other areas such as figure, landscape or architectural painting. He thus relied on figure painters such as Cornelius Schut, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly on occasion Jacob Jordaens and on figure and architectural painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II. Jan Fyt produced many drawings of animals based usually on studies from nature. The Hermitage holds a large gouache drawing of a \"\". It is rich in colour and carefully executed and was likely intended as a model for tapestry cartoon. Fyt", "id": "1007601" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nartistic direction over the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the newly appointed governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, Leo van Heil worked as Quellinus' architectural assistant. The Archduke became his patron and appointed him as his court architect and commissioned various projects from van Heil, including a stone gate for the Archduke's palace in Brussels. The painter and printmaker Renier Meganck, who later worked as a court painter in Vienna, became a pupil of Leo van Heil in Brussels in 1656. In his time Leo van", "id": "8052851" }, { "contents": "Gerard Seghers\n\n\nGerard Seghers (1591 in Antwerp – 18 March 1651 in Antwerp) was a Flemish painter, art collector and art dealer. After a period of study of study and residence in Rome, he returned to Flanders where he became one of the leading representatives of the Flemish Caravaggisti movement. In his later career he abandoned the Caravaggist style and genre motifs to become an important painter of large altarpieces for local churches. Gerard Seghers was born in Antwerp as the son of innkeeper Jan Seghers and his wife Ida de Neve. He was", "id": "7355415" }, { "contents": "Jacob Leyssens\n\n\nJacob Leyssens or Jacob Lyssens (nickname Notenkraker) (1661, Antwerp - 1710, Antwerp), was a Flemish painter and decorator. After training in Antwerp, he spent a long time in Rome. After his return to Antwerp, he was active as a painter and decorator and collaborated with prominent Antwerp still life painters such as Gaspar Peeter Verbruggen the Younger and Jan Baptist Bosschaert. He was a student of Peter Ykens in 1674. He travelled to Rome at a young age as he is mentioned there in 1680. He", "id": "13757002" }, { "contents": "Francesco Ruschi\n\n\nFrancesco Ruschi was an Italian painter born in Rome around 1610. He studied in Rome under Giuseppe Cesari (Cavalier d'Arpino), Francesco Albani and Pietro da Cortona. His work also shows the influence of Caravaggio. He settled in Venice before 1629. He became a friend of the writer Giovan Francesco Loredan, for whom he drew the cover pages of several works. He moved to Treviso from 1656, and died there in 1661. Ruschi was influenced by the paintings of Paolo Veronese in his academic and decorative interpretations. These include", "id": "14035066" }, { "contents": "St. Peter in Chains Church (Beringen)\n\n\nor Vandereyt) and date from the late 17th century. Jan Rutten from Sint-Truiden completed the stalls after the death of Laurens Vandenreyt. The Baroque high altar contains a painting representing Christ on the cross attributed to the Antwerp painter Erasmus Quellinus II. The side altars are portico altars and contain the Baroque paintings \" Assumption and Coronation of Mary\" and the \"Finding of the Cross\", both by Anton Goubau. The rood screen is neogothic. The organ was manufactured in 1853 by Henri Vermeersch from Duffel and is the", "id": "12887333" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck\n\n\nJan Snellinck or Jan Snellinck (I) (Mechelen, c. 1548 – Antwerp, 1 October 1638) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and designer of tapestries, prints and frescoes. He is known for his large altarpieces and was also recognized as a leading battle painter in his time. Snellinck was active as an art dealer and art collector. Jan Snellinck was born in Mechelen as the son of Daniël Snellinck I, a painter and hawker, and Cornelia Verhulst (alias: Bessemeers). His mother came from a family", "id": "12059012" }, { "contents": "Paul de Vos\n\n\n. De Vos was able to develop his own personal style that accentuated abrupt movement, the gruesome aspects of hunts, used warmer colours and a broader brush stroke than Snyders. He also expanded the iconographic tradition with scenes of fighting cats and horses attacked by wolves. As was common amongst artists in 17th-century Antwerp, De Vos frequently collaborated with other painters. He collaborated with Rubens, Anthony van Dyck (, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg), Erasmus Quellinus II, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert, Adriaen van Utrecht and Jan Wildens", "id": "4556665" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nPieter Verbrugghen I (alternative spellings: \"Pieter Verbruggen I\", \"Peter van der Brugghen I\", \"Pieter van der Brugghen I\", \"Peter Verbrugghen I\", \"Peeter Verbrugghen I\") (1615, Antwerp – 1686, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor from the Baroque. He was apprenticed in 1625 as a 'beeltsnijder' (sculptor) to Simon de Neef, who was an 'antijcsnijder' (ornamental sculptor). Later he worked under Erasmus Quellinus I and in 1641 he married his", "id": "11276650" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nThomas Quellinus (March 1661 – September 1709), also known, especially in Denmark, as Thomas Qvellinus, was a Flemish baroque sculptor. He was born in Antwerp but worked mainly in Copenhagen, Denmark. He is especially known for the production of grandiose and sumptuous memorial chapels, sepulchral monuments and epitaphs, which can be found in churches throughout Denmark and northern Germany’s Schleswig-Holstein area. His chapels and monuments are dramatically composed, executed in rare, differently coloured types of marble and framed by monumental architectural components.", "id": "11778978" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nscenes and designs for tapestries. Like Rubens, Quellinus was a \"pictor doctus\" with a strong grounding in ancient history and philosophy. He had built an extensive library and art collection. This learning is reflected in the subject matter of his work. Even while he was a frequent collaborator with Rubens’ workshop in the 1630s, Quellinus developed a personal style distinctive from that of Rubens. This style is reminiscent of the Antwerp followers of Caravaggio such as Theodoor Rombouts and Gerard Seghers. Characteristics of this style are the strong modeling", "id": "11150851" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Bosschaert\n\n\nJan Baptist Bosschaert or Jan Baptist Bosschaert the Younger (baptized on 17 December 1667 in Antwerp –1746 in Antwerp) was a Flemish still life painter who is principally known for his decorative still lifes with flowers. He collaborated with figure artists on compositions which combined allegorical or mythological scenes with a still life element. He was active in Antwerp. Jan Baptist Bosschaert was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter-baker Jan Baptist and his second wife Joanna de Bie, the sister of the painter Erasmus de Bie. His", "id": "20819606" }, { "contents": "Wallerant Vaillant\n\n\nWallerant Vaillant (30 May 1623 – 28 August 1677) was a painter of the Dutch Golden Age and one of the first artists to use the mezzotint technique, which he probably helped to develop. Wallerant Vaillant was born in Lille, the oldest of five brothers who all became successful painters. It is said Wallerant was a student of Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) in Antwerp. He moved with his parents in 1643 to Amsterdam. In 1647 he lived in Middelburg, but in 1649 he was back in Amsterdam. In", "id": "8302348" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nHans Bernaert (or Beernart) (1615) and Christoffel de la Fontaine (1633–34). His work is not well known since only a few of his works have survived. Erasmus is primarily known as a sculptor who drew inspiration from antiquity. He worked in the late Renaissance style although his later work shows a development towards early Baroque. The bulk of his commissions consisted of the renovation and replacement of church furniture that had been destroyed during the iconoclastic troubles of the 16th century. Besides decorative work, he is known to", "id": "7355033" }, { "contents": "Rombaut Pauwels\n\n\nbrother of François Duquesnoy, and the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus also worked in this workshop in Rome. They and Rombaut Pauwels brought the moderate Baroque style of François Duquesnoy with them when they returned to the Southern Netherlands. After his return to Flanders, Rombaut Pauwels was active mainly in his hometown Mechelen and in Ghent. Rombaut Pauwels’ pupils included the brothers Hendrik and Jan Matthys. Rombaut Pauwels was a capable sculptor who worked in the classicizing Baroque style pioneered by François Duquesnoy but he lacked the virtuoso technique of his contemporaries Artus Quellinus", "id": "9167166" }, { "contents": "Lucas de Wael\n\n\nLucas de Wael (3 March 1591 – 25 October 1661) was a Flemish painter, engraver and merchant. He was born in Antwerp and worked for some time in Genoa in Italy before returning to Antwerp, where he died. Lucas de Wael was born into an artistic family in Antwerp as the son of the painter Jan de Wael I (1558-1633). His mother Gertrude de Jode came from a family of artists: her father was the cartographer Gerard de Jode and her brother was the engraver Peter de Jode", "id": "2957457" }, { "contents": "Jan van Balen\n\n\nGaspard, Theodoor van Thulden, Jan de Labare and Erasmus Quellinus the Younger on the execution of designs for the gallery on the Meir and the triumphal arch at St. John's Church in Antwerp. The overall design of the decorations was under the direction of Rubens. [[File:Jan Brueghel II, Jan van Balen - The Feast of Bacchus (Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus).jpg|thumb|\"The Feast of Bacchus\", with [[Jan Brueghel the Younger]] Jan van Balen left on 8 September 1639 with his brother Gaspard on", "id": "19729208" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nfor the Council Chamber, is repeated in a painting by Erasmus. This development towards classicist rigidity may reflect the influence of French art with its preference for classicism. Erasmus’ work also gained a theatrical aspect as reflected in the 1652 painting \"Artemisia\" (Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, University of Glasgow). The painting has a theatrical background like a park. This tendency became more evident in the 1660s when his paintings started to include grandiose scenery with flamboyant architecture. This is clear in the \"Let the Children Come", "id": "11150854" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nin particular the marble decorations he and his workshop produced, became an example for other buildings in Amsterdam. The team of sculptors that Artus supervised during his work on the Amsterdam city hall included many sculptors who would become leading sculptors in their own right such as his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Rombout Verhulst, Bartholomeus Eggers and Gabriël Grupello and probably also Grinling Gibbons. He returned to work in Antwerp in 1658 and remained active mainly in this city until his death. His many pupils included his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Martin Deurweerders", "id": "8459223" }, { "contents": "David Teniers III\n\n\nDavid Teniers III, also referred to as David Teniers junior (baptized 10 July 1638 – 2 October 1685) was a Flemish painter and tapestry designer who was mainly active in Antwerp, Madrid and Brussels. He is known for his portraits, religious compositions and genre scenes. David Teniers III was born in Antwerp where he was baptized on July 10 in the St. James' Church. He was a scion of two very prominent artist families from Antwerp: his father was the painter David Teniers the Younger and his mother was Anna", "id": "17442937" }, { "contents": "Gerard Douffet\n\n\nGerard Douffet (6 aug 1594 – 1660/1661), also known as Doufeet or Duffeit, was a Flemish painter. He was born at Liège in 1594, and studied for some time at Antwerp in the school of Rubens, and afterwards in Italy. He composed and designed with good taste, and his historical pictures are much esteemed. 'Pope Nicholas V. at the Tomb of St. Francis of Assisi ' (painted in 1627), 'St. Helena and the true Cross' (painted for the Abbey of St. Lawrence,", "id": "6883668" }, { "contents": "Jan van Buken\n\n\nJan van Buken or Jan van Beucken (10 March 1635 – 6 February 1690) was a Flemish painter mainly known for his genre paintings and still lifes. Jan van Buken was born in Antwerp. He became a master in the Guild of Saint Luke in 1658 where he was registered under the name 'Jan van Beucken'. In the period from 1666 to 1682 he worked in Rome while regularly travelling back to Antwerp. He returned to live in Antwerp after the death of his parents. Jan Baptist Beveren was registered as", "id": "15324731" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ntheir work in this period. His \"Adoration of the Holy Sacrament\" (1646) was painted in this style. From c. 1650 this classicism in his work became rigid and his compositions from this period made use of a limited number of stereotyped and idealized figure types. This stylistic development is evident in the interior decorations he made for the new City Hall of Amsterdam, which he executed in collaboration with his brother Artus. The brothers achieved stylistic agreement in this commission: the \"Judgement of Solomon\", which Artus sculpted", "id": "11150853" }, { "contents": "Nikolaus van Hoy\n\n\nhe would have met in Rome and had later joined him in Brussels. At about 1667 he became the court painter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria. He retained this post until his death in Vienna in 1679. He was succeeded at the court by his son Nickolaus van Hoey the Younger (Antwerp 1660- Vienna ca. 1710). He made landscapes and portraits. He engraved religious scenes and mythological figures adapted from originals of Veronese, Barocci and Raphael. He was one of the", "id": "16812974" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\ngenres including cattle market scenes, Italianate landscapes and village scenes. He is probably best known for his depiction of festivals and processions set in his native Antwerp. His village scenes are reminiscent of the genre scenes of David Teniers the Younger. He also took his inspiration from other Flemish artists. For instance, his composition \"\" likely drew its inspiration from similar paintings representing processions in cities by Flemish artists such as Pieter van Aelst and Erasmus de Bie. He painted many scenes of cattle markets, which offered him the opportunity to", "id": "3658943" }, { "contents": "Jan van den Hecke\n\n\nKunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Archduke Leopold Wilhem must have particularly liked his flower pieces as all of van den Hecke's paintings which he collected were pictures of flowers in vases and baskets and garland paintings. Van Hecke returned to Antwerp around 1657. In 1660 he married Maria Adriana Heyens with whom he had three children. His son, known as Jan van den Hecke II, was born in 1661 and became a popular painter of flowers as well as other types of still life. His two known pupils were Peeter vander Elstraeten (", "id": "14931009" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nLeo van Heil (Brussels, 1605 – c.1664), was a Flemish architect, painter and miniature painter mainly of flowers and insects. He is chiefly remembered for his designs of the Brigittines chapel and the tower of the Saint Nicholas Church, both in Brussels. Leo van Heil was born in Brussels. He had two brothers who were also artists: Jan Baptist van Heil was a portrait painter and Daniel van Heil was a landscape painter specialising in winter scenes or burning fires. When in 1648 Erasmus Quellinus was given the general", "id": "8052850" }, { "contents": "Jan Verhas\n\n\ngovernment awarded him a special subsidy of 1,200 francs and commissioned from him a composition depicting the Battle of Kallo. In 1862 he travelled via Paris and Lyon to Italy, where he made stops in Turin, Milan and Venice. He remained in Venice for two to three months, studying and copying the masters. Lack of funds forced him to leave Italy. He travelled back via Paris where his brother Frans was working at the time. Jan assisted his brother in the execution of several decorative projects. Afterwards he resided in Antwerp", "id": "9399028" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\nPeeter the Elder and Joris became painters. Alexander trained under his father. He became a master in the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1685. On 11 August 1685, he married Cornelia Sporckmans, daughter of the Antwerp history painter Hubert Sporckmans. They had three daughters and six sons of whom Jan Frans became a painter. Alexander van Bredael died in Antwerp. His pupils include his son Jan Frans, Peeter Busschop, Johan Baptist Govaerts, Guielmus van Ryn and Pieter Snyers. Alexander van Bredael painted in a wide variety of", "id": "3658942" }, { "contents": "Filippo Zaniberti\n\n\nFilippo Zaniberti (1585–1636) was an Italian painter of the late Mannerist period. He was born in Brescia and active in Venice, where he became a pupil of Santo Peranda. Zaniberti's style recalls the richness of Paolo Veronese. He painted a \"Mannah in the desert\" for the main altarpiece of the church of Santa Maria Nuova of Venice. He worked alongside the fellow Peranda disciple, Matteo Ponzone, in the decoration of the Ducal palace of Mirandola. He painted a \"Marriage of St Catherine\" for the church", "id": "19300082" }, { "contents": "St. Paul's Church, Antwerp\n\n\ntwisted marble columns. The painting \"Adoration of the shepherds\" by Rubens forms the altar piece. The Maria Chapel also contains a white marble sculpture of \"Our Lady of Sorrows\" by Jan Pieter van Baurscheit de Elder. The church holds elaborate tomb monuments attributed to Johannes van Mildert, Pieter Verbrugghen II and Andries Colyns de Nole. The 17th century organ is regarded as one of the most important organs of Belgium. The monumental organ case was sculpted by Pieter Verbrugghen I after a design by Erasmus Quellinus II. In 1623", "id": "10432986" }, { "contents": "David Teniers the Elder\n\n\nDavid Teniers the Elder (158229 July 1649), Flemish painter, was born at Antwerp. Having received his first training in the painter's art from his brother Juliaen, he studied under Rubens in Antwerp, and subsequently under Elsheimer in Rome; he became a member of the Antwerp guild of painters in 1606. Though his ambition led him at times to try his skill in large religious, historical and mythological compositions, his claim to fame depends chiefly on his landscapes and paintings of peasants carousing, of kermesse scenes and the", "id": "12948361" } ]

[ { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke as a 'wijnmeester', i.e. the son of a member of the Guild. The next year he married Cornelia Teniers, the daughter of painter David Teniers the Younger. Jan Erasmus Quellinus received many commissions including a large commission for paintings destined for Antwerp’s Saint Michael's Abbey. Around 1680 Quellinus worked in Vienna for the Habsburg court as a court painter to Emperor Leopold I. Among other works, the most important commission he completed was a series of 15 ceiling paintings on events in the life", "id": "7354727" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nJan-Erasmus Quellinus or Jan Erasmus Quellinus (1634 in Antwerp – 11 March 1715 in Mechelen) was a Flemish painter and draughtsman and a member of the famous Quellinus family of artists. He was one of the last prominent representatives of the great Flemish school of history and portrait painting in the 17th century. His work displays the classicizing influences of his father Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and Paolo Veronese. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his grandfather Erasmus Quellinus", "id": "7354724" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nwritten as \" Sederboom\"), which means 'cedar tree'. He is also reported to have used another nickname: 'Corpus'. Quellinus later moved to Venice where he resided from circa 1660 to 1661. Here he was influenced by the style of Veronese as is shown by his drawings from that time. During his stay in Northern Italy he was also introduced to the architecture of Palladio, which informed some of the decorative motifs he used in his later compositions. Upon his return to Antwerp in 1661 he joined", "id": "7354726" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof his father’s Classicism. As a result art historians have difficulty attributing some works to either artist. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus developed further on the Classicism of his father linking it with the influence of Paolo Veronese from whom he borrowed grandeur and various dynamic details. Unlike his father he liked to incorporate in his paintings grand architectural elements which were derived from the Palladian buildings he had seen in Northern Italy. As was common practice at the time, he collaborated with specialist painters in Antwerp such as the still life painter Jan Fyt", "id": "7354730" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Elder, his father Erasmus the Younger, and his uncles Artus Quellinus the Elder and Hubertus Quellinus. He was trained by his father from 1649. Jan-Erasmus travelled to Italy where he initially resided in Rome from 1657 to 1659. He became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Jan-Erasmus was given the bent name \"Seederboom\" (also", "id": "7354725" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\none of the leading artistic families in Antwerp, producing sculptors, painters and printmakers who would develop careers in Flanders and abroad. Father Erasmus Quellinus I, a sculptor, had moved from Sint-Truiden to Antwerp. The brothers of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger were both artists: Artus (1609-1668) was a leading Baroque sculptor and Hubertus (1619-1687) an engraver. Erasmus Quellinus II became a student of Jan-Baptist Verhaeghe, an obscure artist, in 1633. He became a master of the Antwerp Guild", "id": "11150843" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Me\" of 1664 (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels). These later compositions possible reflect an influence by the early work of his son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. As was common in Antwerp at the time, Quellinus collaborated with other painters. He worked with still life specialists on still lifes and portraits. Many of the still lifes fall into the category of ‘garland paintings’. Garland paintings are a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder.", "id": "11150855" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus the Younger and Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) was a Flemish painter, engraver, draughtsman and tapestry designer who worked in various genres including history, portrait, battle and animal paintings. He was a pupil of Peter Paul Rubens and was one of the closest collaborators of Rubens in the 1630s. Following Rubens’ death in 1640 he became one of the most prolific and successful painters in Flanders. Erasmus Quellinus II was born in Antwerp as the son of Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden. The Quellinus family became", "id": "11150842" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus I or Erasmus Quellinus the Elder (alternate names: Erasmus Quellinck, Erasme Quellin (I)) (Sint-Truiden, 1584 - Antwerp, 22 January 1640) was a Flemish sculptor best known for classically inspired ornamentation work and copies after the antique. He was the founder of an important Antwerp dynasty of artists. Details of his early life and training have not survived. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1606. He married Betje van Uden, the sister of the painter Lucas van", "id": "7355031" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nHis brothers became prominent artists: Erasmus was a painter and Hubertus was an engraver and painter. His sister Cornelia married his father’s pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. Artus Quellinus received his first training from his father. In the period from 1635 to 1639 he trained in Rome in the studio of his compatriot François Duquesnoy. He spent time in Lyon together with the Flemish painter Laureys Franck and was in contact there with the Dutch engraver Nicolaas van Helt Stockade and the Dutch painter Jan Asselijn. He returned to Antwerp", "id": "8459221" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\n, Joseph van den Kerckhoven, Davit van den Heuvel, Francis Cools, Allowisius de Meyere, Jan-Baptist Hyacint Breydel, Gaspar (or Jasper) de Cantelbeeck (1685-86), Jan François Blondeau and Jacobus Blondeau (1697-98). From 1712 the artist resided and worked in Mechelen where he died on 11 March 1715. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was principally a history painter who also painted the occasional portrait. He had an extensive output supported by a large workshop. His style is closely related to that", "id": "7354729" }, { "contents": "Anthoni Schoonjans\n\n\nMarch 1655. He became in the Guild year 1668-1669 in Antwerp an apprentice of Erasmus Quellinus II and that master's son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. From 1674 to 1677 the artist resided in Reims and he also spent some time in Paris. In 1674 his mother met up with her son Anthoni in Reims. He left France and from 6 January 1675 he resided in Rome, where he familiarised himself with the Italian Baroque. He shared in Rome a residence with the flower painter Carel de Vogelaer in Via Margutta.", "id": "9299848" }, { "contents": "Nicolaes van Verendael\n\n\nteacher of someone referred to as 'priest Cano' and the flower painter Jean Baptiste Morel. Van Verendael mainly painted flower pieces, vanitas still lifes and a few allegorical scenes with monkeys. His dated works are from the period between 1659 and 1690. He was highly regarded from an early age when he started working with some of the leading Antwerp painters such as David Teniers the Younger, Gonzales Coques, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Boeckhorst, Carstian Luyckx and Jan Davidsz. de Heem. His early work shows the influence of", "id": "18460769" }, { "contents": "Theodoor Boeyermans\n\n\n' dated works are dated between 1660 and 1677. He was mainly a painter of history and allegorical paintings. The artist received many important commissions for churches in his native Antwerp, the Kempen region and in Malines, but made his name in his hometown by painting secular compositions. He also painted group portraits. Together with Jan-Erasmus Quellinus, Boeyermans was one of the last important 17th-century Flemish history painters. His style was influenced by Rubens and van Dyck but he favoured a darker palette than those two artists.", "id": "6673291" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin 1662. On 9 November 1663, Erasmus Quellinus II married Françoise de Fren. De Fren was the daughter of the well-off André de Fren, secretary of the Council of Brabant, and the sister of Isabella de Fren, who was married to the court painter David Teniers II. In 1665 Quellinus designed a cenotaph for the deceased Philip IV of Spain and the decorations for the Joyous Entry of Don Francisco de Moura as governor of the Habsburg Netherlands. Erasmus Quellinus II died in Antwerp on 7 November 1678. His", "id": "11150849" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Antwerp from Rome around 1640. Artus worked in a classicizing style of Baroque under the influence of his compatriot, the sculptor François Duquesnoy, in whose workshop in Rome he had worked. This style had in turn been influenced by the Classicism of Annibale Carracci. The two brothers would from then on work together on various projects and mutually influence each other. After Rubens’ death in 1640 Erasmus Quellinus became one of the leading history painters of Flanders. He received many commissions for altarpieces in the region. In 1648 he was", "id": "11150847" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ncommissioned to make the decorations for the Joyous Entry of the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm into Antwerp, thus playing the same role as Rubens 13 years earlier for the Joyous Entry of Ferdinand. He made the decorations for the announcement of the Treaty of Westphalia in the same year. Around 1656 Erasmus worked in Amsterdam where his brother Artus was responsible for the decoration of the new City Hall. Erasmus assisted in this project and the brothers also collaborated on other commissions. Erasmus painted altarpieces for clandestine Catholic churches in Amsterdam. His first wife died", "id": "11150848" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\npupils included his son Jan Erasmus Quellinus, Guilliam Forchondt (II), Julius de Geest, Willem de Ryck, Anthoni Schoonjans, Wallerant Vaillant and Remacle Serin. Erasmus Quellinus II was a very versatile artist who worked in various genres. He received numerous commissions for altarpieces depicting Counter-Reformation themes for churches and monasteries throughout the Southern Netherlands. He also received many civic commissions which allowed him to show his learning in the depiction of scenes from ancient history and mythology and allegorical compositions. In addition, he produced portraits, battle", "id": "11150850" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof Saint Luke in 1633-1634. In the 1630s, the artist worked and likely studied in the workshop of Rubens and regularly collaborated on projects with Rubens. In 1634 Erasmus II married Catharina de Hemelaer, a niece of Jan de Hemelaer, the deacon of Antwerp Cathedral. Their son Jan Erasmus followed in his father’s footsteps and became a painter. From the notes made by his son Jan Erasmus in the margin of his copy of Cornelis de Bie’s book of artist biographies entitled Het Gulden Cabinet, it is known", "id": "11150844" }, { "contents": "Jan van Kessel the Elder\n\n\na figure painter was responsible for the figure or other image in the cartouche. His collaborators on garland paintings are believed to have included his uncle David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus the Elder, Hendrick van Balen the Elder, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly Jan Boeckhorst. An example of a collaborative garland painting made by Jan van Kessel and David Teniers the Younger is the composition (c. 1660-1670, Louvre). In this work Jan van Kessel painted a decorative garland representing the four elements around a cartouche showing a young", "id": "16247184" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin the Hermitage Museum, a collaboration with Frans Ykens. Quellinus further collaborated with the animal and still life painter Jan Fyt on portraits such as the \"Portrait of a young boy\" (Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp) of c. 1650. Quellinus also collaborated with animal painters Peter Boel and genre painter Jan van Kessel the Elder. Erasmus Quellinus II executed various tapestry designs. In 1649 he produced the designs for a tapestry series depicting the \"History of the Thurn and Taxis Family\" (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of", "id": "11150857" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nHe was a member of the well-known Quellinus family of artists from 17th century Antwerp, major center of artistic life then known as \"the Florence of the North\". Thomas Quellinus was born in Antwerp to the leading Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus II and Anna Maria Gabron, and was baptised on 17 March 1661. He trained in his father’s workshop in the art of sculpture. After completing his apprenticeship with his father, he went to London, England, where he worked with his brother Artus Quellinus III. While", "id": "11778979" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nArtus Quellinus also known as Artus (Arnoldus) Quellijn, Artus Quellinus I or Artus Quellinus the Elder (20 or 30 August 1609, Antwerp  – 23 August 1668, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor. He is regarded as the most important representative of the Baroque in sculpture in the Southern Netherlands. His work had a major influence on the development of sculpture in Northern Europe. Artus Quellinus the Elder was born into an artistic family. He was the son of the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden.", "id": "8459220" }, { "contents": "Jan Pieter Brueghel\n\n\nJan Pieter Brueghel or Jan Pieter Breughel (29 August 1628 (baptised) – 1664) was a Flemish Baroque painter specialised in flower still lifes. Brueghel was born in Antwerp. He was the son of Jan Brueghel the Younger and Anna-Maria Janssens. He joined the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645 as \"wijnmeester\". He died in Italy, after 1664, and is known for flower still lifes. He created many garland paintings on which he collaborated with other painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II who painted the", "id": "10461841" }, { "contents": "Pieter Boel\n\n\nBoel got to know the work of the Genoese artist Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione and the still life painter Giuseppe Recco. He learned from these Italian masters to heighten the dramatic effect of his canvases by emphasizing the shadows. He also used red drapes in the background, a Baroque element par excellence, to enhance the atmosphere of his compositions. Boel is known to have collaborated with fellow Antwerp artists Erasmus Quellinus II and Jacob Jordaens, who painted the human figures in his compositions. Boel was accomplished in large-scale vanitas paintings depicting an", "id": "20560716" }, { "contents": "Pieter Bruegel the Elder\n\n\n(grandson of Jan Bruegel the Elder) and Jan van Kessel the Younger. Through David Teniers, the family is also related to the whole Teniers family of painters and the Quellinus family of painters and sculptors, since Jan-Erasmus Quellinus married Cornelia, daughter of David Teniers the Younger. Bruegel's art was long more highly valued by collectors than critics. His friend Abraham Ortelius described him in a friendship album in 1574 as \"the most perfect painter of his century\", but both Vasari and Van Mander see him as", "id": "17084192" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nflowers. The subject of vanitas as depicted here was unusual for van Utrecht and shows that his role in the development of new types of still life has not been sufficiently recognized in art-historical literature. As was common in Antwerp’s art sector at the time, van Utrecht collaborated with other specialist artists, typically figure painters. He is known to have provided the still life elements in paintings by Jacob Jordaens, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Cossiers, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. He is believed to have also collaborated with David Teniers", "id": "18461245" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nHubertus Quellinus or Hubert Quellinus (August 15, 1619, Antwerp – 1687) was a Flemish printmaker, draughtsman and painter and a member of the prominent Quellinus family of artists. His engravings after the work of his brother, the Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder, were instrumental in the spread of the Flemish Baroque idiom in Europe in the second half of the 17th century. Hubertus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his father Erasmus Quellinus the Elder and his brothers,", "id": "8520392" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus III\n\n\nArtus Quellinus III (1653, Antwerp – December 1686, London) was a Flemish sculptor active in London. His name is often anglicised to Arnold Quellan, Arnold Quellin or Arnold Quellinus or mistakenly given as \"Jan Quellinus\". He was the son of Artus Quellinus II and brother to the sculptor Thomas Quellinus and the painter Cornelis Quellinus He trained in his father's workshop in Antwerp before moving to London in 1682. He was married to Frances Siberechts, youngest daughter of the Antwerp-born painter Jan Siberechts, who had", "id": "13748725" }, { "contents": "Flemish Baroque painting\n\n\npainters combined a local influence from Rubens with knowledge of classicism and Italian Baroque qualities. Artists in the vein include Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Jan van den Hoecke, Pieter van Lint, Cornelis Schut, and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Later in the century, many painters turned to Anthony van Dyck as a major influence. Among them were Pieter Thijs, Lucas Franchoys the Younger, and artists who were also inspired by Late Baroque theatricality such as Theodoor Boeyermans and Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. Additionally, a Flemish variant of \"Caravaggism\"", "id": "6030293" }, { "contents": "Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen\n\n\nthe principal representatives of Flemish high baroque sculpture. The father had been a pupil of Erasmus Quellinus I, who was himself the founder of a prominent family of artists. The father married the daughter of his master Erasmus Quellinus. From this marriage Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was born. His brother Pieter Verbrugghen II was also a sculptor and worked in the workshop of his father. Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was trained by his father. Nonetheless, he did not start his career as a sculptor but as a draughtsman working with the illuminator Jan Ruyselinck", "id": "10070115" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nand Londerzeel. Many of his paintings can be regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. He often worked from prints made after the works of these masters to create his own compositions. An example is the (Prado Museum), which is based on a print after Rafael", "id": "11181884" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Rubens pupil Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and the prominent sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. In 1650 he traveled to Rome where he joined the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Hubertus was given the bent name \"Saracin\". Quellinus was in Amsterdam by 1660 where he collaborated on a publication, which consisted of two parts: the first part consisted of 30 plates depicting the Amsterdam", "id": "8520393" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\ncompleted the frontal decoration of the organ in the Antwerp cathedral, based on a design made by Erasmus Quellinus II. He and his workshop made the oak confessionals in the St. Paul's Church in Antwerp (between 1658 and 1660). He made the oak organ case in that church in collaboration with Artus Quellinus the Elder in 1654, and together with his son Pieter Verbrugghen II he executed the designs for the high altar in 1670. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known creations. The", "id": "11276653" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nArtus Quellinus II or Artus Quellinus the Younger (alternative first name: Arnold; variation on family name: Quellijn, Quellyn, Quellien, Quellin, Quellinius) (between 10 and 20 November 1625, Sint-Truiden – 22 November 1700, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor who played an important role in the evolution of Northern-European sculpture from High Baroque to Late Baroque. Artus Quellinus II was born into an artistic family. His uncle was the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I, whose son was Artus Quellinus I,", "id": "13073282" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Some of these works are now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. He returned to Antwerp where between the years 1685 and 1712 he worked on many commissions for churches in Antwerp and throughout Flanders. He also had many pupils including Anthoni Schoonjans, Simon de Marets, Jan Carel van Eyck, Guiliam Draeger (1668-69), Christoffel Franciscus Ponsel, Jacobus de Play (1669-1670), Peeter Heymans, Franciscus Carnonckel, Franciscus Cuylen, Hieronymus Galle (1673-74)", "id": "7354728" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nthat Erasmus II obtained a degree in philosophy. This explains the fact that he wrote a philosophical tract entitled \"Philosophia\", which was recorded in the 1679 inventory of his estate. Quellinus became a regular collaborator with Rubens from 1635. He first worked on the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the new governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand. Rubens was in overall charge of this project. Quellinus made decorative paintings after designs by Rubens of which six have survived. In the period 1636-1638 Rubens", "id": "11150845" }, { "contents": "Joannes Chrysostomus Teniers\n\n\n. As abbot he took the motto \"Tene Quod Bene\" (\"Hold on to what is good\", 1 Thessalonians 5, verse 21). Teniers died in Antwerp on 30 November 1709. His portrait painted by Jan-Erasmus Quellinus is inside Tongerlo Abbey. Teniers had some reputation as a preacher and a manuscript of his sermons for feastdays was preserved in the monastery library, as well as two volumes of his notes on the works of St Augustine. One of Teniers' poems was published in the preliminary matter", "id": "1158593" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nThese paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Erasmus Quellinus II collaborated on garland paintings with still life specialists, such as his brother-in-law Jan Philip van Thielen, Daniel Seghers, Jan Pieter Brueghel, Frans Ykens, Peter Willebeeck and Jan Anton van der Baren. These collaborators painted the flower garland while Quellinus painted the figures and architectural setting. An example is the \"Holy Family in a Wreath of Flowers\"", "id": "11150856" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\n’ workshop received a large commission to make mythological decorations for the hunting pavilion Torre de la Parada of the Spanish king Philip IV near Madrid. For this project Quellinus painted decorations after oil sketches by Rubens some of which have been preserved (Prado Museum). In early 1637 Quellinus drew frontispieces for the Antwerp printing house Plantin Press according to Rubens’ instructions regarding iconography and layout. These drawings were in Quellinus’ own style as Rubens let him a free hand in the design of the modelli. His brother Artus Quellinus I returned", "id": "11150846" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nwith living people and animals. Van Utrecht also painted a number of flower still lifes. He was a regular collaborator with leading Antwerp painters who had been pupils or assistants of Peter Paul Rubens, such as Jacob Jordaens, David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus II, Gerard Seghers, Theodoor Rombouts, Abraham van Diepenbeeck and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Adriaen van Utrecht was born in Antwerp as the son of Abel van Utrecht en Anne Huybrecht. In 1614 he became a pupil of Herman de Neyt, a painter and art dealer who", "id": "18461230" }, { "contents": "Baroque sculpture\n\n\nof a family of famous sculptors and painters, and son of another sculptor, Erasmus Quellinus. He settled in Antwerp in 1639. He became close to Rubens, and his work applied many of the principles of the compositions of Rubens to sculpture. Another important Belgian Baroque sculptor was Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen (1654–1724), who carved very elaborate sculptures, full of biblical scenes, flora and fauna,allegories and symbols for the ceremonial puppets the cathedrals and churches in Brussels, Louvain, Antwerp, Mechelen, and other cities. Early", "id": "16040697" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nwas back in Antwerp in 1657 and became an Antwerp burgher on 11 May 1663. His wife died on 15 October 1668 and the next year Artus remarried to Cornelia Volders. In the latter part of his life Quellinus received many commissions, primarily for church furnishings and tomb sculptures. His pupils include Alexander van Papenhoven, Thomas Quellinus, Jan van den Steen, (1633–1723), the Master of the St. Luke in Antwerp, Cornelis van Scheyck (1679–1680); Balten Rubbens (1685–1686); Adriaen Govaerts (1690–91) and", "id": "13073285" }, { "contents": "Peter Ykens\n\n\ntrained 28 pupils including Karel Breydel, Erasmus Causse, Gaspaer Janssens, Jan Thomas van Kessel, Henderick van Mael, Francis Scalie, Jan Baptist Kretsaert and Jacob Leyssens. His eldest son Jan Frans became a staffage painter who collaborated with still life painters of flowers and fruit. He died in Antwerp. He painted portraits and Christian religious representations and made a large number of altarpieces and paintings for local churches and palaces. As was the custom in Antwerp at the time, he often worked together with other painters who were specialists in", "id": "8049116" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\n. The couple had six children of whom three became artists: Artus Quellinus III and Thomas Quellinus were both successful sculptors whereas Cornelis Quellinus became a painter about whom little is known. The young Artus joined his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Amsterdam around 1653 where he became one of the members of the team of artists that worked under the direction of Artus I on the decoration of the newly built City Hall on the Dam Square. The artist traveled to Italy and probably visited Turin, Florence and Rome between 1655 and 1657. He", "id": "13073284" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nUden. The couple had three sons: Erasmus, who would become a painter and engraver, Artus, who would follow in his father’s footsteps and become a sculptor, and Hubertus, who became an engraver and painter. His daughter Cornelia Quellinus married his pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. He was the teacher of Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder, Melchior Charles, Wallerant Vaillant, Joos Sterck (1607); Rombout Claes (1609), Melchior van der Lanen (1612), Hans Franscoys (1614),", "id": "7355032" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nfurther inspired by the cult of veneration and devotion to Mary prevalent at the Habsburg court (then the rulers over the Southern Netherlands) and in Antwerp generally. Garland paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image, portrait or other religious symbol (such as the host). The paintings are usually a collaboration between a flower painter and a staffage painter. Van Thielen produced multiple garland paintings in collaboration with other artists. His collaborators included his brother-in-law Erasmus Quellinus II, Nicolas de Largilliere, Jan van", "id": "12866287" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nhe was the brother-in-law of Erasmus Quellinus II. Erasmus Quelllinus was married to the sister of his wife and would become one of the leading history painters in Flanders after the deaths of Rubens and van Dyck. Quellinus drew van Thielens’ portrait that was engraved by Richard Collin for Cornelis de Bie's book of artist biographies Het Gulden Cabinet. Van Thielen and his wife had 9 children. Because he liked flower painting he changed masters in 1641 and began training with Daniel Seghers, the leading flower painter in Flanders", "id": "12866282" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nbe regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. Typical examples of his work are the painting \"A Poor Company at Table in a Rustic Kitchen\" held by the National Trust at Tyntesfield and oil on copper religious paintings, such as \"Daniel in the Lion's Den\"", "id": "11181882" }, { "contents": "Mattheus Borrekens\n\n\nAntwerp on 25 December 1670. Mattheus Borrekens was mainly a reproductive printmaker. He made prints after the work of leading Flemish painters of his time such as Rubens, van Dyck, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Abraham van Diepenbeeck, Jan Thomas van Ieperen, Pieter van Lint and Cornelis Schut. He mainly concentrated on Christian religious subjects and portraits. He also engraved frontispieces of publications such as Christophe Butkens's\"Trophées tant sacrés et profanes du Duché de Brabant\". 1724-1726. For this publication he engraved after a design by van Diepenbeeck", "id": "2345697" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nmaster’s daughter, Cornelia Quellinus. Through his marriage he became the brother in law of the leading Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1641 and in 1659 he became the deacon of the Guild. His first wife died in 1662, and he remarried in 1665, to Elisabeth Lemmens. He was the father of the sculptors Pieter Verbrugghen II and Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen. His daughter Suzanna married the sculptor Peeter Meesens. His pupils included some of the leading representatives of the", "id": "11276651" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nhave made individual statues, none of which have survived. In 1635 he was awarded the contract to make the pulpit of the St. Elisabeth Hospital in Antwerp. This work is an example of early Baroque in Antwerp and shows Erasmus’ mastery of balance and symmetry, even though there is no sense of realism. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known commissions. He made the original design for the pulpit, which, after his death, was somewhat changed by his son Artus while Pieter Verbrugghen", "id": "7355034" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Barbé\n\n\nNicolaas Lauwers for infringement of privileges relating to prints he had created, he received the support of Rubens. Barbé married Christien (or Christina) Wierix, the daughter of the prominent engraver and publisher Hieronymus Wierix on 30 March 1620. According to the contemporary notes of the painter Erasmus Quellinus II, Barbé was a very ugly person, while his daughter, who was a gifted engraver, was counted among 'the most beautiful women of Antwerp'. Hieronymus Wierix , the father of his wife, had died in 1619 before the", "id": "20064889" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nthe most successful Flemish Baroque sculptor of the mid 17th century. Artus II is likely to have received his training as a sculptor from his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Antwerp to where he must have moved from his native city of Sint-Truiden (then in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, now in the Belgian province of Limburg). Artus Quellinus II became a master of the Guild of Saint Luke in Antwerp in 1650–51. Artus Quellinus II married Anna Maria Gabron, the sister of the painter Willem Gabron, in 1653", "id": "13073283" }, { "contents": "Daniel Seghers\n\n\n, the collaborators are not always known with certainty. It is known he often worked with Cornelis Schut, Erasmus Quellinus II, Abraham van Diepenbeek, Simon de Vos, Jan van den Hoecke, Gonzales Coques and Rubens. Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert is also mentioned as his collaborator. It is possible that Seghers collaborated with Rubens on a garland painting for the Saint Carolus Borromeus church in Antwerp. During his stay in Rome he also collaborated with Poussin and Domenichino. Unlike in his later collaborations, Seghers is believed to have added flower garlands", "id": "7240113" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nErasmus de Bie (1629 in Antwerp – 1675 in Antwerp) was a Flemish Baroque painter known for his city views and genre scenes. He depicted several lively scenes of large public celebrations in his hometown of Antwerp. It is not clear whether the views of Italianate cities and landscapes attributed to him are the work of Adriaen de Bie, a Flemish painter from Lier who worked in Italy for a while. Very little is known about the life of Erasmus de Bie. He was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter", "id": "4566739" }, { "contents": "Willem Gabron\n\n\n. He was first registered in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke as a ‘wijnmeester’ (i.e. son of a master of the Guild) in the guild year 1640-41, along with his younger brother Antoon. His sister Anna Maria married the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Younger. Gabron travelled to Rome, at the latest by 1646. Here he became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the", "id": "12740318" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nBaroque painter, and the engraving of the frontispiece was made by Jacob Neefs (Antwerp, June 3, 1610 – 1660), also after a design by Erasmus Quellinus the Younger. Christoffel Plantin (1520–1589), grandfather of Balthasar Moretus, set up his printing shop called 'De Gulden Passer' (Golden Compasses) in Antwerp in 1555, publishing both Catholic and Protestant literature. This Frenchman, who fled his native country to Antwerp to escape the persecution during the 1540s, was the best-known printer of his time", "id": "2235324" }, { "contents": "Jan Anton van der Baren\n\n\nare a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder. These paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Van der Baren collaborated on garland paintings with other painters, such as Erasmus Quellinus II and the Flemish émigré painter Nikolaus van Hoy. These collaborators painted the devotional image while van der Baren painted the flower garland. An example is the \"Garland of flowers surrounding the Holy Family", "id": "16752890" }, { "contents": "Jacob de Formentrou\n\n\nthe conclusion that the painting is not a collaboration between all the artists whose works are represented in the painting but rather represents the combined effort of de Formentrou and Erasmus Quellinus II, a leading Antwerp painter. F. G. Meijer on the other hand believes that the composition is a collaboration between all of the artists whose work are depicted. He attributes the composition and the various pictures depicted in it as follows: The painting can be read as a reference to connoisseurship, and in particular the connoisseur's activity of evaluating the authorship of", "id": "8771731" }, { "contents": "Nicolaas van Eyck\n\n\nstarted to study in 1632. He was a captain of a local schutterij and this may be a reason why he painted military scenes. He was friends with the flower painter Jan Philip van Thielen, who had also been a pupil of Rombouts. Van Eyck was godfather to at least one of van Thielen's nine children. He was the teacher of Pieter Hofman. His sons Nicolaas II and Jan Carel van Eyck became painters. Jan Carel was a student of Jan Erasmus Quellinus and spent time in Italy. Nicolaas van Eyck", "id": "8735899" }, { "contents": "Philips Augustijn Immenraet\n\n\nwould paint the landscape while the other specialist painters would take care of other aspects of the painting such as staffage, architecture, animals or still life elements. A collaboration with Erasmus Quellinus II is reported by the Dutch biographer Arnold Houbraken. The Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium holds the 1672 painting \"The Legend of William Tell shown to the Antwerp Guild of St Sebastian\", which is a collaboration between Immenraet, Wilhelm Schubert van Ehrenberg (who painted the architecture) and Karel-Emmanuel Biset. He also worked with", "id": "10869502" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nUniversity – the same city where Jan Baptist Zangrius was also active. Here Lobkowitz published a major work titled \"Theologia Moralis ad prima, eaque clarissima principia reducta\" printed by Perus Zangrius (Lovanii, typis ac sumptibus Petrus Zangrius, 1645). His book titled \"Philippus Prudens\" containing some hatched arms was published in 1639 by Balthasar Moretus in Antwerp. The coats of arms were engraved by Cornelius Galle the Younger, after the drawings of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger (Antwerp, 1607 - Antwerp, 1678), a Flemish", "id": "2235323" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nFrans de Bie the Elder. He was baptised on 20 December 1629 in the St. Walburga church in Antwerp. He became a pupil of David Ryckaert III in 1641 and was admitted as a master in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645-1646. He married Catharina Douglas, called de Schot (the Scot), and was the father of Frans and Jan Baptist de Bie, who both became painters. Jan Baptist emigrated to Vienna where he remained active. Erasmus de Bie had pupils in 1660 and in 1666,", "id": "4566740" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck (III)\n\n\nSnellinck the Younger was a genre and history painter. His great-grandfather was the prominent Flemish painter and art dealer Jan Snellinck the Elder, who was originally from Mechelen and worked most of his career in Antwerp. Jan Snellinck (III)'s grand-uncles Daniel and Gerard were also painters. Very little is known about the life of Jan Snellinck (III). He likely trained with his father. He was active in Rotterdam for his entire career. The death date and place of Jan Snellinck are not known but", "id": "10515381" }, { "contents": "Anton Goubau\n\n\nat the front on the right, which expresses the transience of power and fame. In addition to his cityscapes, Goubau painted many religious compositions, especially designed for churches in Antwerp. He also made a number of religious paintings on copper as part of a series made for the Spanish market to which other Flemish painters such as Willem van Herp, Erasmus Quellinus II, and possibly Abraham Willemsens contributed. The series is now kept in the Convent of las Comendadoras de Santiaga in Madrid. He painted portraits as evidenced by the portrait", "id": "4569148" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof forms achieved through a sculptural use of light. Quellinus’ oldest known work is the 1634 \"Adoration of the Shepherds\" (Alte Pinakothek, Munich), which is in this Caravaggesque mode. From the 1640s, his style took on a classicizing aspect and a sculptured look. Erasmus never travelled to Italy so this stylistic development was likely influenced by the work of his brother Artus, who introduced his own style of classicizing Baroque in Flemish sculpture after returning from Rome in 1640. Both brothers depicted similar idealizing Antique figures in", "id": "11150852" }, { "contents": "Jan Siberechts\n\n\nEngland around 1672 and spent the first three years in England painting decorations in the Duke’s newly built Cliveden House at Taplow, Buckinghamshire, England. From the second part of the 1670s and in the 1680s he travelled widely in England completing numerous commissions for aristocratic clients. He lived in London where one of his daughters was a lace-maker for the Queen. His younger daughter, Frances, married the Flemish émigré sculptor Artus Quellinus III (known in England as 'Arnold Quellinus') and, after being widowed, John", "id": "14682967" }, { "contents": "Jan Fyt\n\n\n, Fyt collaborated regularly with other painters who were specialist in other areas such as figure, landscape or architectural painting. He thus relied on figure painters such as Cornelius Schut, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly on occasion Jacob Jordaens and on figure and architectural painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II. Jan Fyt produced many drawings of animals based usually on studies from nature. The Hermitage holds a large gouache drawing of a \"\". It is rich in colour and carefully executed and was likely intended as a model for tapestry cartoon. Fyt", "id": "1007601" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nartistic direction over the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the newly appointed governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, Leo van Heil worked as Quellinus' architectural assistant. The Archduke became his patron and appointed him as his court architect and commissioned various projects from van Heil, including a stone gate for the Archduke's palace in Brussels. The painter and printmaker Renier Meganck, who later worked as a court painter in Vienna, became a pupil of Leo van Heil in Brussels in 1656. In his time Leo van", "id": "8052851" }, { "contents": "Gerard Seghers\n\n\nGerard Seghers (1591 in Antwerp – 18 March 1651 in Antwerp) was a Flemish painter, art collector and art dealer. After a period of study of study and residence in Rome, he returned to Flanders where he became one of the leading representatives of the Flemish Caravaggisti movement. In his later career he abandoned the Caravaggist style and genre motifs to become an important painter of large altarpieces for local churches. Gerard Seghers was born in Antwerp as the son of innkeeper Jan Seghers and his wife Ida de Neve. He was", "id": "7355415" }, { "contents": "Jacob Leyssens\n\n\nJacob Leyssens or Jacob Lyssens (nickname Notenkraker) (1661, Antwerp - 1710, Antwerp), was a Flemish painter and decorator. After training in Antwerp, he spent a long time in Rome. After his return to Antwerp, he was active as a painter and decorator and collaborated with prominent Antwerp still life painters such as Gaspar Peeter Verbruggen the Younger and Jan Baptist Bosschaert. He was a student of Peter Ykens in 1674. He travelled to Rome at a young age as he is mentioned there in 1680. He", "id": "13757002" }, { "contents": "Francesco Ruschi\n\n\nFrancesco Ruschi was an Italian painter born in Rome around 1610. He studied in Rome under Giuseppe Cesari (Cavalier d'Arpino), Francesco Albani and Pietro da Cortona. His work also shows the influence of Caravaggio. He settled in Venice before 1629. He became a friend of the writer Giovan Francesco Loredan, for whom he drew the cover pages of several works. He moved to Treviso from 1656, and died there in 1661. Ruschi was influenced by the paintings of Paolo Veronese in his academic and decorative interpretations. These include", "id": "14035066" }, { "contents": "St. Peter in Chains Church (Beringen)\n\n\nor Vandereyt) and date from the late 17th century. Jan Rutten from Sint-Truiden completed the stalls after the death of Laurens Vandenreyt. The Baroque high altar contains a painting representing Christ on the cross attributed to the Antwerp painter Erasmus Quellinus II. The side altars are portico altars and contain the Baroque paintings \" Assumption and Coronation of Mary\" and the \"Finding of the Cross\", both by Anton Goubau. The rood screen is neogothic. The organ was manufactured in 1853 by Henri Vermeersch from Duffel and is the", "id": "12887333" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck\n\n\nJan Snellinck or Jan Snellinck (I) (Mechelen, c. 1548 – Antwerp, 1 October 1638) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and designer of tapestries, prints and frescoes. He is known for his large altarpieces and was also recognized as a leading battle painter in his time. Snellinck was active as an art dealer and art collector. Jan Snellinck was born in Mechelen as the son of Daniël Snellinck I, a painter and hawker, and Cornelia Verhulst (alias: Bessemeers). His mother came from a family", "id": "12059012" }, { "contents": "Paul de Vos\n\n\n. De Vos was able to develop his own personal style that accentuated abrupt movement, the gruesome aspects of hunts, used warmer colours and a broader brush stroke than Snyders. He also expanded the iconographic tradition with scenes of fighting cats and horses attacked by wolves. As was common amongst artists in 17th-century Antwerp, De Vos frequently collaborated with other painters. He collaborated with Rubens, Anthony van Dyck (, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg), Erasmus Quellinus II, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert, Adriaen van Utrecht and Jan Wildens", "id": "4556665" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nPieter Verbrugghen I (alternative spellings: \"Pieter Verbruggen I\", \"Peter van der Brugghen I\", \"Pieter van der Brugghen I\", \"Peter Verbrugghen I\", \"Peeter Verbrugghen I\") (1615, Antwerp – 1686, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor from the Baroque. He was apprenticed in 1625 as a 'beeltsnijder' (sculptor) to Simon de Neef, who was an 'antijcsnijder' (ornamental sculptor). Later he worked under Erasmus Quellinus I and in 1641 he married his", "id": "11276650" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nThomas Quellinus (March 1661 – September 1709), also known, especially in Denmark, as Thomas Qvellinus, was a Flemish baroque sculptor. He was born in Antwerp but worked mainly in Copenhagen, Denmark. He is especially known for the production of grandiose and sumptuous memorial chapels, sepulchral monuments and epitaphs, which can be found in churches throughout Denmark and northern Germany’s Schleswig-Holstein area. His chapels and monuments are dramatically composed, executed in rare, differently coloured types of marble and framed by monumental architectural components.", "id": "11778978" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nscenes and designs for tapestries. Like Rubens, Quellinus was a \"pictor doctus\" with a strong grounding in ancient history and philosophy. He had built an extensive library and art collection. This learning is reflected in the subject matter of his work. Even while he was a frequent collaborator with Rubens’ workshop in the 1630s, Quellinus developed a personal style distinctive from that of Rubens. This style is reminiscent of the Antwerp followers of Caravaggio such as Theodoor Rombouts and Gerard Seghers. Characteristics of this style are the strong modeling", "id": "11150851" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Bosschaert\n\n\nJan Baptist Bosschaert or Jan Baptist Bosschaert the Younger (baptized on 17 December 1667 in Antwerp –1746 in Antwerp) was a Flemish still life painter who is principally known for his decorative still lifes with flowers. He collaborated with figure artists on compositions which combined allegorical or mythological scenes with a still life element. He was active in Antwerp. Jan Baptist Bosschaert was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter-baker Jan Baptist and his second wife Joanna de Bie, the sister of the painter Erasmus de Bie. His", "id": "20819606" }, { "contents": "Wallerant Vaillant\n\n\nWallerant Vaillant (30 May 1623 – 28 August 1677) was a painter of the Dutch Golden Age and one of the first artists to use the mezzotint technique, which he probably helped to develop. Wallerant Vaillant was born in Lille, the oldest of five brothers who all became successful painters. It is said Wallerant was a student of Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) in Antwerp. He moved with his parents in 1643 to Amsterdam. In 1647 he lived in Middelburg, but in 1649 he was back in Amsterdam. In", "id": "8302348" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nHans Bernaert (or Beernart) (1615) and Christoffel de la Fontaine (1633–34). His work is not well known since only a few of his works have survived. Erasmus is primarily known as a sculptor who drew inspiration from antiquity. He worked in the late Renaissance style although his later work shows a development towards early Baroque. The bulk of his commissions consisted of the renovation and replacement of church furniture that had been destroyed during the iconoclastic troubles of the 16th century. Besides decorative work, he is known to", "id": "7355033" }, { "contents": "Rombaut Pauwels\n\n\nbrother of François Duquesnoy, and the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus also worked in this workshop in Rome. They and Rombaut Pauwels brought the moderate Baroque style of François Duquesnoy with them when they returned to the Southern Netherlands. After his return to Flanders, Rombaut Pauwels was active mainly in his hometown Mechelen and in Ghent. Rombaut Pauwels’ pupils included the brothers Hendrik and Jan Matthys. Rombaut Pauwels was a capable sculptor who worked in the classicizing Baroque style pioneered by François Duquesnoy but he lacked the virtuoso technique of his contemporaries Artus Quellinus", "id": "9167166" }, { "contents": "Lucas de Wael\n\n\nLucas de Wael (3 March 1591 – 25 October 1661) was a Flemish painter, engraver and merchant. He was born in Antwerp and worked for some time in Genoa in Italy before returning to Antwerp, where he died. Lucas de Wael was born into an artistic family in Antwerp as the son of the painter Jan de Wael I (1558-1633). His mother Gertrude de Jode came from a family of artists: her father was the cartographer Gerard de Jode and her brother was the engraver Peter de Jode", "id": "2957457" }, { "contents": "Jan van Balen\n\n\nGaspard, Theodoor van Thulden, Jan de Labare and Erasmus Quellinus the Younger on the execution of designs for the gallery on the Meir and the triumphal arch at St. John's Church in Antwerp. The overall design of the decorations was under the direction of Rubens. [[File:Jan Brueghel II, Jan van Balen - The Feast of Bacchus (Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus).jpg|thumb|\"The Feast of Bacchus\", with [[Jan Brueghel the Younger]] Jan van Balen left on 8 September 1639 with his brother Gaspard on", "id": "19729208" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nfor the Council Chamber, is repeated in a painting by Erasmus. This development towards classicist rigidity may reflect the influence of French art with its preference for classicism. Erasmus’ work also gained a theatrical aspect as reflected in the 1652 painting \"Artemisia\" (Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, University of Glasgow). The painting has a theatrical background like a park. This tendency became more evident in the 1660s when his paintings started to include grandiose scenery with flamboyant architecture. This is clear in the \"Let the Children Come", "id": "11150854" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nin particular the marble decorations he and his workshop produced, became an example for other buildings in Amsterdam. The team of sculptors that Artus supervised during his work on the Amsterdam city hall included many sculptors who would become leading sculptors in their own right such as his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Rombout Verhulst, Bartholomeus Eggers and Gabriël Grupello and probably also Grinling Gibbons. He returned to work in Antwerp in 1658 and remained active mainly in this city until his death. His many pupils included his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Martin Deurweerders", "id": "8459223" }, { "contents": "David Teniers III\n\n\nDavid Teniers III, also referred to as David Teniers junior (baptized 10 July 1638 – 2 October 1685) was a Flemish painter and tapestry designer who was mainly active in Antwerp, Madrid and Brussels. He is known for his portraits, religious compositions and genre scenes. David Teniers III was born in Antwerp where he was baptized on July 10 in the St. James' Church. He was a scion of two very prominent artist families from Antwerp: his father was the painter David Teniers the Younger and his mother was Anna", "id": "17442937" }, { "contents": "Gerard Douffet\n\n\nGerard Douffet (6 aug 1594 – 1660/1661), also known as Doufeet or Duffeit, was a Flemish painter. He was born at Liège in 1594, and studied for some time at Antwerp in the school of Rubens, and afterwards in Italy. He composed and designed with good taste, and his historical pictures are much esteemed. 'Pope Nicholas V. at the Tomb of St. Francis of Assisi ' (painted in 1627), 'St. Helena and the true Cross' (painted for the Abbey of St. Lawrence,", "id": "6883668" }, { "contents": "Jan van Buken\n\n\nJan van Buken or Jan van Beucken (10 March 1635 – 6 February 1690) was a Flemish painter mainly known for his genre paintings and still lifes. Jan van Buken was born in Antwerp. He became a master in the Guild of Saint Luke in 1658 where he was registered under the name 'Jan van Beucken'. In the period from 1666 to 1682 he worked in Rome while regularly travelling back to Antwerp. He returned to live in Antwerp after the death of his parents. Jan Baptist Beveren was registered as", "id": "15324731" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ntheir work in this period. His \"Adoration of the Holy Sacrament\" (1646) was painted in this style. From c. 1650 this classicism in his work became rigid and his compositions from this period made use of a limited number of stereotyped and idealized figure types. This stylistic development is evident in the interior decorations he made for the new City Hall of Amsterdam, which he executed in collaboration with his brother Artus. The brothers achieved stylistic agreement in this commission: the \"Judgement of Solomon\", which Artus sculpted", "id": "11150853" }, { "contents": "Nikolaus van Hoy\n\n\nhe would have met in Rome and had later joined him in Brussels. At about 1667 he became the court painter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria. He retained this post until his death in Vienna in 1679. He was succeeded at the court by his son Nickolaus van Hoey the Younger (Antwerp 1660- Vienna ca. 1710). He made landscapes and portraits. He engraved religious scenes and mythological figures adapted from originals of Veronese, Barocci and Raphael. He was one of the", "id": "16812974" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\ngenres including cattle market scenes, Italianate landscapes and village scenes. He is probably best known for his depiction of festivals and processions set in his native Antwerp. His village scenes are reminiscent of the genre scenes of David Teniers the Younger. He also took his inspiration from other Flemish artists. For instance, his composition \"\" likely drew its inspiration from similar paintings representing processions in cities by Flemish artists such as Pieter van Aelst and Erasmus de Bie. He painted many scenes of cattle markets, which offered him the opportunity to", "id": "3658943" }, { "contents": "Jan van den Hecke\n\n\nKunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Archduke Leopold Wilhem must have particularly liked his flower pieces as all of van den Hecke's paintings which he collected were pictures of flowers in vases and baskets and garland paintings. Van Hecke returned to Antwerp around 1657. In 1660 he married Maria Adriana Heyens with whom he had three children. His son, known as Jan van den Hecke II, was born in 1661 and became a popular painter of flowers as well as other types of still life. His two known pupils were Peeter vander Elstraeten (", "id": "14931009" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nLeo van Heil (Brussels, 1605 – c.1664), was a Flemish architect, painter and miniature painter mainly of flowers and insects. He is chiefly remembered for his designs of the Brigittines chapel and the tower of the Saint Nicholas Church, both in Brussels. Leo van Heil was born in Brussels. He had two brothers who were also artists: Jan Baptist van Heil was a portrait painter and Daniel van Heil was a landscape painter specialising in winter scenes or burning fires. When in 1648 Erasmus Quellinus was given the general", "id": "8052850" }, { "contents": "Jan Verhas\n\n\ngovernment awarded him a special subsidy of 1,200 francs and commissioned from him a composition depicting the Battle of Kallo. In 1862 he travelled via Paris and Lyon to Italy, where he made stops in Turin, Milan and Venice. He remained in Venice for two to three months, studying and copying the masters. Lack of funds forced him to leave Italy. He travelled back via Paris where his brother Frans was working at the time. Jan assisted his brother in the execution of several decorative projects. Afterwards he resided in Antwerp", "id": "9399028" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\nPeeter the Elder and Joris became painters. Alexander trained under his father. He became a master in the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1685. On 11 August 1685, he married Cornelia Sporckmans, daughter of the Antwerp history painter Hubert Sporckmans. They had three daughters and six sons of whom Jan Frans became a painter. Alexander van Bredael died in Antwerp. His pupils include his son Jan Frans, Peeter Busschop, Johan Baptist Govaerts, Guielmus van Ryn and Pieter Snyers. Alexander van Bredael painted in a wide variety of", "id": "3658942" }, { "contents": "Filippo Zaniberti\n\n\nFilippo Zaniberti (1585–1636) was an Italian painter of the late Mannerist period. He was born in Brescia and active in Venice, where he became a pupil of Santo Peranda. Zaniberti's style recalls the richness of Paolo Veronese. He painted a \"Mannah in the desert\" for the main altarpiece of the church of Santa Maria Nuova of Venice. He worked alongside the fellow Peranda disciple, Matteo Ponzone, in the decoration of the Ducal palace of Mirandola. He painted a \"Marriage of St Catherine\" for the church", "id": "19300082" }, { "contents": "St. Paul's Church, Antwerp\n\n\ntwisted marble columns. The painting \"Adoration of the shepherds\" by Rubens forms the altar piece. The Maria Chapel also contains a white marble sculpture of \"Our Lady of Sorrows\" by Jan Pieter van Baurscheit de Elder. The church holds elaborate tomb monuments attributed to Johannes van Mildert, Pieter Verbrugghen II and Andries Colyns de Nole. The 17th century organ is regarded as one of the most important organs of Belgium. The monumental organ case was sculpted by Pieter Verbrugghen I after a design by Erasmus Quellinus II. In 1623", "id": "10432986" }, { "contents": "David Teniers the Elder\n\n\nDavid Teniers the Elder (158229 July 1649), Flemish painter, was born at Antwerp. Having received his first training in the painter's art from his brother Juliaen, he studied under Rubens in Antwerp, and subsequently under Elsheimer in Rome; he became a member of the Antwerp guild of painters in 1606. Though his ambition led him at times to try his skill in large religious, historical and mythological compositions, his claim to fame depends chiefly on his landscapes and paintings of peasants carousing, of kermesse scenes and the", "id": "12948361" } ]

[ { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke as a 'wijnmeester', i.e. the son of a member of the Guild. The next year he married Cornelia Teniers, the daughter of painter David Teniers the Younger. Jan Erasmus Quellinus received many commissions including a large commission for paintings destined for Antwerp’s Saint Michael's Abbey. Around 1680 Quellinus worked in Vienna for the Habsburg court as a court painter to Emperor Leopold I. Among other works, the most important commission he completed was a series of 15 ceiling paintings on events in the life", "id": "7354727" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nJan-Erasmus Quellinus or Jan Erasmus Quellinus (1634 in Antwerp – 11 March 1715 in Mechelen) was a Flemish painter and draughtsman and a member of the famous Quellinus family of artists. He was one of the last prominent representatives of the great Flemish school of history and portrait painting in the 17th century. His work displays the classicizing influences of his father Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and Paolo Veronese. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his grandfather Erasmus Quellinus", "id": "7354724" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nwritten as \" Sederboom\"), which means 'cedar tree'. He is also reported to have used another nickname: 'Corpus'. Quellinus later moved to Venice where he resided from circa 1660 to 1661. Here he was influenced by the style of Veronese as is shown by his drawings from that time. During his stay in Northern Italy he was also introduced to the architecture of Palladio, which informed some of the decorative motifs he used in his later compositions. Upon his return to Antwerp in 1661 he joined", "id": "7354726" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof his father’s Classicism. As a result art historians have difficulty attributing some works to either artist. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus developed further on the Classicism of his father linking it with the influence of Paolo Veronese from whom he borrowed grandeur and various dynamic details. Unlike his father he liked to incorporate in his paintings grand architectural elements which were derived from the Palladian buildings he had seen in Northern Italy. As was common practice at the time, he collaborated with specialist painters in Antwerp such as the still life painter Jan Fyt", "id": "7354730" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Elder, his father Erasmus the Younger, and his uncles Artus Quellinus the Elder and Hubertus Quellinus. He was trained by his father from 1649. Jan-Erasmus travelled to Italy where he initially resided in Rome from 1657 to 1659. He became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Jan-Erasmus was given the bent name \"Seederboom\" (also", "id": "7354725" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\none of the leading artistic families in Antwerp, producing sculptors, painters and printmakers who would develop careers in Flanders and abroad. Father Erasmus Quellinus I, a sculptor, had moved from Sint-Truiden to Antwerp. The brothers of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger were both artists: Artus (1609-1668) was a leading Baroque sculptor and Hubertus (1619-1687) an engraver. Erasmus Quellinus II became a student of Jan-Baptist Verhaeghe, an obscure artist, in 1633. He became a master of the Antwerp Guild", "id": "11150843" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Me\" of 1664 (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels). These later compositions possible reflect an influence by the early work of his son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. As was common in Antwerp at the time, Quellinus collaborated with other painters. He worked with still life specialists on still lifes and portraits. Many of the still lifes fall into the category of ‘garland paintings’. Garland paintings are a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder.", "id": "11150855" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus the Younger and Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) was a Flemish painter, engraver, draughtsman and tapestry designer who worked in various genres including history, portrait, battle and animal paintings. He was a pupil of Peter Paul Rubens and was one of the closest collaborators of Rubens in the 1630s. Following Rubens’ death in 1640 he became one of the most prolific and successful painters in Flanders. Erasmus Quellinus II was born in Antwerp as the son of Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden. The Quellinus family became", "id": "11150842" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus I or Erasmus Quellinus the Elder (alternate names: Erasmus Quellinck, Erasme Quellin (I)) (Sint-Truiden, 1584 - Antwerp, 22 January 1640) was a Flemish sculptor best known for classically inspired ornamentation work and copies after the antique. He was the founder of an important Antwerp dynasty of artists. Details of his early life and training have not survived. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1606. He married Betje van Uden, the sister of the painter Lucas van", "id": "7355031" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nHis brothers became prominent artists: Erasmus was a painter and Hubertus was an engraver and painter. His sister Cornelia married his father’s pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. Artus Quellinus received his first training from his father. In the period from 1635 to 1639 he trained in Rome in the studio of his compatriot François Duquesnoy. He spent time in Lyon together with the Flemish painter Laureys Franck and was in contact there with the Dutch engraver Nicolaas van Helt Stockade and the Dutch painter Jan Asselijn. He returned to Antwerp", "id": "8459221" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\n, Joseph van den Kerckhoven, Davit van den Heuvel, Francis Cools, Allowisius de Meyere, Jan-Baptist Hyacint Breydel, Gaspar (or Jasper) de Cantelbeeck (1685-86), Jan François Blondeau and Jacobus Blondeau (1697-98). From 1712 the artist resided and worked in Mechelen where he died on 11 March 1715. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was principally a history painter who also painted the occasional portrait. He had an extensive output supported by a large workshop. His style is closely related to that", "id": "7354729" }, { "contents": "Anthoni Schoonjans\n\n\nMarch 1655. He became in the Guild year 1668-1669 in Antwerp an apprentice of Erasmus Quellinus II and that master's son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. From 1674 to 1677 the artist resided in Reims and he also spent some time in Paris. In 1674 his mother met up with her son Anthoni in Reims. He left France and from 6 January 1675 he resided in Rome, where he familiarised himself with the Italian Baroque. He shared in Rome a residence with the flower painter Carel de Vogelaer in Via Margutta.", "id": "9299848" }, { "contents": "Nicolaes van Verendael\n\n\nteacher of someone referred to as 'priest Cano' and the flower painter Jean Baptiste Morel. Van Verendael mainly painted flower pieces, vanitas still lifes and a few allegorical scenes with monkeys. His dated works are from the period between 1659 and 1690. He was highly regarded from an early age when he started working with some of the leading Antwerp painters such as David Teniers the Younger, Gonzales Coques, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Boeckhorst, Carstian Luyckx and Jan Davidsz. de Heem. His early work shows the influence of", "id": "18460769" }, { "contents": "Theodoor Boeyermans\n\n\n' dated works are dated between 1660 and 1677. He was mainly a painter of history and allegorical paintings. The artist received many important commissions for churches in his native Antwerp, the Kempen region and in Malines, but made his name in his hometown by painting secular compositions. He also painted group portraits. Together with Jan-Erasmus Quellinus, Boeyermans was one of the last important 17th-century Flemish history painters. His style was influenced by Rubens and van Dyck but he favoured a darker palette than those two artists.", "id": "6673291" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin 1662. On 9 November 1663, Erasmus Quellinus II married Françoise de Fren. De Fren was the daughter of the well-off André de Fren, secretary of the Council of Brabant, and the sister of Isabella de Fren, who was married to the court painter David Teniers II. In 1665 Quellinus designed a cenotaph for the deceased Philip IV of Spain and the decorations for the Joyous Entry of Don Francisco de Moura as governor of the Habsburg Netherlands. Erasmus Quellinus II died in Antwerp on 7 November 1678. His", "id": "11150849" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Antwerp from Rome around 1640. Artus worked in a classicizing style of Baroque under the influence of his compatriot, the sculptor François Duquesnoy, in whose workshop in Rome he had worked. This style had in turn been influenced by the Classicism of Annibale Carracci. The two brothers would from then on work together on various projects and mutually influence each other. After Rubens’ death in 1640 Erasmus Quellinus became one of the leading history painters of Flanders. He received many commissions for altarpieces in the region. In 1648 he was", "id": "11150847" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ncommissioned to make the decorations for the Joyous Entry of the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm into Antwerp, thus playing the same role as Rubens 13 years earlier for the Joyous Entry of Ferdinand. He made the decorations for the announcement of the Treaty of Westphalia in the same year. Around 1656 Erasmus worked in Amsterdam where his brother Artus was responsible for the decoration of the new City Hall. Erasmus assisted in this project and the brothers also collaborated on other commissions. Erasmus painted altarpieces for clandestine Catholic churches in Amsterdam. His first wife died", "id": "11150848" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\npupils included his son Jan Erasmus Quellinus, Guilliam Forchondt (II), Julius de Geest, Willem de Ryck, Anthoni Schoonjans, Wallerant Vaillant and Remacle Serin. Erasmus Quellinus II was a very versatile artist who worked in various genres. He received numerous commissions for altarpieces depicting Counter-Reformation themes for churches and monasteries throughout the Southern Netherlands. He also received many civic commissions which allowed him to show his learning in the depiction of scenes from ancient history and mythology and allegorical compositions. In addition, he produced portraits, battle", "id": "11150850" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof Saint Luke in 1633-1634. In the 1630s, the artist worked and likely studied in the workshop of Rubens and regularly collaborated on projects with Rubens. In 1634 Erasmus II married Catharina de Hemelaer, a niece of Jan de Hemelaer, the deacon of Antwerp Cathedral. Their son Jan Erasmus followed in his father’s footsteps and became a painter. From the notes made by his son Jan Erasmus in the margin of his copy of Cornelis de Bie’s book of artist biographies entitled Het Gulden Cabinet, it is known", "id": "11150844" }, { "contents": "Jan van Kessel the Elder\n\n\na figure painter was responsible for the figure or other image in the cartouche. His collaborators on garland paintings are believed to have included his uncle David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus the Elder, Hendrick van Balen the Elder, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly Jan Boeckhorst. An example of a collaborative garland painting made by Jan van Kessel and David Teniers the Younger is the composition (c. 1660-1670, Louvre). In this work Jan van Kessel painted a decorative garland representing the four elements around a cartouche showing a young", "id": "16247184" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin the Hermitage Museum, a collaboration with Frans Ykens. Quellinus further collaborated with the animal and still life painter Jan Fyt on portraits such as the \"Portrait of a young boy\" (Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp) of c. 1650. Quellinus also collaborated with animal painters Peter Boel and genre painter Jan van Kessel the Elder. Erasmus Quellinus II executed various tapestry designs. In 1649 he produced the designs for a tapestry series depicting the \"History of the Thurn and Taxis Family\" (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of", "id": "11150857" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nHe was a member of the well-known Quellinus family of artists from 17th century Antwerp, major center of artistic life then known as \"the Florence of the North\". Thomas Quellinus was born in Antwerp to the leading Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus II and Anna Maria Gabron, and was baptised on 17 March 1661. He trained in his father’s workshop in the art of sculpture. After completing his apprenticeship with his father, he went to London, England, where he worked with his brother Artus Quellinus III. While", "id": "11778979" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nArtus Quellinus also known as Artus (Arnoldus) Quellijn, Artus Quellinus I or Artus Quellinus the Elder (20 or 30 August 1609, Antwerp  – 23 August 1668, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor. He is regarded as the most important representative of the Baroque in sculpture in the Southern Netherlands. His work had a major influence on the development of sculpture in Northern Europe. Artus Quellinus the Elder was born into an artistic family. He was the son of the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden.", "id": "8459220" }, { "contents": "Jan Pieter Brueghel\n\n\nJan Pieter Brueghel or Jan Pieter Breughel (29 August 1628 (baptised) – 1664) was a Flemish Baroque painter specialised in flower still lifes. Brueghel was born in Antwerp. He was the son of Jan Brueghel the Younger and Anna-Maria Janssens. He joined the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645 as \"wijnmeester\". He died in Italy, after 1664, and is known for flower still lifes. He created many garland paintings on which he collaborated with other painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II who painted the", "id": "10461841" }, { "contents": "Pieter Boel\n\n\nBoel got to know the work of the Genoese artist Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione and the still life painter Giuseppe Recco. He learned from these Italian masters to heighten the dramatic effect of his canvases by emphasizing the shadows. He also used red drapes in the background, a Baroque element par excellence, to enhance the atmosphere of his compositions. Boel is known to have collaborated with fellow Antwerp artists Erasmus Quellinus II and Jacob Jordaens, who painted the human figures in his compositions. Boel was accomplished in large-scale vanitas paintings depicting an", "id": "20560716" }, { "contents": "Pieter Bruegel the Elder\n\n\n(grandson of Jan Bruegel the Elder) and Jan van Kessel the Younger. Through David Teniers, the family is also related to the whole Teniers family of painters and the Quellinus family of painters and sculptors, since Jan-Erasmus Quellinus married Cornelia, daughter of David Teniers the Younger. Bruegel's art was long more highly valued by collectors than critics. His friend Abraham Ortelius described him in a friendship album in 1574 as \"the most perfect painter of his century\", but both Vasari and Van Mander see him as", "id": "17084192" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nflowers. The subject of vanitas as depicted here was unusual for van Utrecht and shows that his role in the development of new types of still life has not been sufficiently recognized in art-historical literature. As was common in Antwerp’s art sector at the time, van Utrecht collaborated with other specialist artists, typically figure painters. He is known to have provided the still life elements in paintings by Jacob Jordaens, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Cossiers, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. He is believed to have also collaborated with David Teniers", "id": "18461245" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nHubertus Quellinus or Hubert Quellinus (August 15, 1619, Antwerp – 1687) was a Flemish printmaker, draughtsman and painter and a member of the prominent Quellinus family of artists. His engravings after the work of his brother, the Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder, were instrumental in the spread of the Flemish Baroque idiom in Europe in the second half of the 17th century. Hubertus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his father Erasmus Quellinus the Elder and his brothers,", "id": "8520392" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus III\n\n\nArtus Quellinus III (1653, Antwerp – December 1686, London) was a Flemish sculptor active in London. His name is often anglicised to Arnold Quellan, Arnold Quellin or Arnold Quellinus or mistakenly given as \"Jan Quellinus\". He was the son of Artus Quellinus II and brother to the sculptor Thomas Quellinus and the painter Cornelis Quellinus He trained in his father's workshop in Antwerp before moving to London in 1682. He was married to Frances Siberechts, youngest daughter of the Antwerp-born painter Jan Siberechts, who had", "id": "13748725" }, { "contents": "Flemish Baroque painting\n\n\npainters combined a local influence from Rubens with knowledge of classicism and Italian Baroque qualities. Artists in the vein include Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Jan van den Hoecke, Pieter van Lint, Cornelis Schut, and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Later in the century, many painters turned to Anthony van Dyck as a major influence. Among them were Pieter Thijs, Lucas Franchoys the Younger, and artists who were also inspired by Late Baroque theatricality such as Theodoor Boeyermans and Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. Additionally, a Flemish variant of \"Caravaggism\"", "id": "6030293" }, { "contents": "Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen\n\n\nthe principal representatives of Flemish high baroque sculpture. The father had been a pupil of Erasmus Quellinus I, who was himself the founder of a prominent family of artists. The father married the daughter of his master Erasmus Quellinus. From this marriage Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was born. His brother Pieter Verbrugghen II was also a sculptor and worked in the workshop of his father. Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was trained by his father. Nonetheless, he did not start his career as a sculptor but as a draughtsman working with the illuminator Jan Ruyselinck", "id": "10070115" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nand Londerzeel. Many of his paintings can be regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. He often worked from prints made after the works of these masters to create his own compositions. An example is the (Prado Museum), which is based on a print after Rafael", "id": "11181884" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Rubens pupil Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and the prominent sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. In 1650 he traveled to Rome where he joined the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Hubertus was given the bent name \"Saracin\". Quellinus was in Amsterdam by 1660 where he collaborated on a publication, which consisted of two parts: the first part consisted of 30 plates depicting the Amsterdam", "id": "8520393" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\ncompleted the frontal decoration of the organ in the Antwerp cathedral, based on a design made by Erasmus Quellinus II. He and his workshop made the oak confessionals in the St. Paul's Church in Antwerp (between 1658 and 1660). He made the oak organ case in that church in collaboration with Artus Quellinus the Elder in 1654, and together with his son Pieter Verbrugghen II he executed the designs for the high altar in 1670. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known creations. The", "id": "11276653" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nArtus Quellinus II or Artus Quellinus the Younger (alternative first name: Arnold; variation on family name: Quellijn, Quellyn, Quellien, Quellin, Quellinius) (between 10 and 20 November 1625, Sint-Truiden – 22 November 1700, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor who played an important role in the evolution of Northern-European sculpture from High Baroque to Late Baroque. Artus Quellinus II was born into an artistic family. His uncle was the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I, whose son was Artus Quellinus I,", "id": "13073282" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Some of these works are now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. He returned to Antwerp where between the years 1685 and 1712 he worked on many commissions for churches in Antwerp and throughout Flanders. He also had many pupils including Anthoni Schoonjans, Simon de Marets, Jan Carel van Eyck, Guiliam Draeger (1668-69), Christoffel Franciscus Ponsel, Jacobus de Play (1669-1670), Peeter Heymans, Franciscus Carnonckel, Franciscus Cuylen, Hieronymus Galle (1673-74)", "id": "7354728" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nthat Erasmus II obtained a degree in philosophy. This explains the fact that he wrote a philosophical tract entitled \"Philosophia\", which was recorded in the 1679 inventory of his estate. Quellinus became a regular collaborator with Rubens from 1635. He first worked on the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the new governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand. Rubens was in overall charge of this project. Quellinus made decorative paintings after designs by Rubens of which six have survived. In the period 1636-1638 Rubens", "id": "11150845" }, { "contents": "Joannes Chrysostomus Teniers\n\n\n. As abbot he took the motto \"Tene Quod Bene\" (\"Hold on to what is good\", 1 Thessalonians 5, verse 21). Teniers died in Antwerp on 30 November 1709. His portrait painted by Jan-Erasmus Quellinus is inside Tongerlo Abbey. Teniers had some reputation as a preacher and a manuscript of his sermons for feastdays was preserved in the monastery library, as well as two volumes of his notes on the works of St Augustine. One of Teniers' poems was published in the preliminary matter", "id": "1158593" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nThese paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Erasmus Quellinus II collaborated on garland paintings with still life specialists, such as his brother-in-law Jan Philip van Thielen, Daniel Seghers, Jan Pieter Brueghel, Frans Ykens, Peter Willebeeck and Jan Anton van der Baren. These collaborators painted the flower garland while Quellinus painted the figures and architectural setting. An example is the \"Holy Family in a Wreath of Flowers\"", "id": "11150856" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\n’ workshop received a large commission to make mythological decorations for the hunting pavilion Torre de la Parada of the Spanish king Philip IV near Madrid. For this project Quellinus painted decorations after oil sketches by Rubens some of which have been preserved (Prado Museum). In early 1637 Quellinus drew frontispieces for the Antwerp printing house Plantin Press according to Rubens’ instructions regarding iconography and layout. These drawings were in Quellinus’ own style as Rubens let him a free hand in the design of the modelli. His brother Artus Quellinus I returned", "id": "11150846" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nwith living people and animals. Van Utrecht also painted a number of flower still lifes. He was a regular collaborator with leading Antwerp painters who had been pupils or assistants of Peter Paul Rubens, such as Jacob Jordaens, David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus II, Gerard Seghers, Theodoor Rombouts, Abraham van Diepenbeeck and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Adriaen van Utrecht was born in Antwerp as the son of Abel van Utrecht en Anne Huybrecht. In 1614 he became a pupil of Herman de Neyt, a painter and art dealer who", "id": "18461230" }, { "contents": "Baroque sculpture\n\n\nof a family of famous sculptors and painters, and son of another sculptor, Erasmus Quellinus. He settled in Antwerp in 1639. He became close to Rubens, and his work applied many of the principles of the compositions of Rubens to sculpture. Another important Belgian Baroque sculptor was Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen (1654–1724), who carved very elaborate sculptures, full of biblical scenes, flora and fauna,allegories and symbols for the ceremonial puppets the cathedrals and churches in Brussels, Louvain, Antwerp, Mechelen, and other cities. Early", "id": "16040697" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nwas back in Antwerp in 1657 and became an Antwerp burgher on 11 May 1663. His wife died on 15 October 1668 and the next year Artus remarried to Cornelia Volders. In the latter part of his life Quellinus received many commissions, primarily for church furnishings and tomb sculptures. His pupils include Alexander van Papenhoven, Thomas Quellinus, Jan van den Steen, (1633–1723), the Master of the St. Luke in Antwerp, Cornelis van Scheyck (1679–1680); Balten Rubbens (1685–1686); Adriaen Govaerts (1690–91) and", "id": "13073285" }, { "contents": "Peter Ykens\n\n\ntrained 28 pupils including Karel Breydel, Erasmus Causse, Gaspaer Janssens, Jan Thomas van Kessel, Henderick van Mael, Francis Scalie, Jan Baptist Kretsaert and Jacob Leyssens. His eldest son Jan Frans became a staffage painter who collaborated with still life painters of flowers and fruit. He died in Antwerp. He painted portraits and Christian religious representations and made a large number of altarpieces and paintings for local churches and palaces. As was the custom in Antwerp at the time, he often worked together with other painters who were specialists in", "id": "8049116" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\n. The couple had six children of whom three became artists: Artus Quellinus III and Thomas Quellinus were both successful sculptors whereas Cornelis Quellinus became a painter about whom little is known. The young Artus joined his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Amsterdam around 1653 where he became one of the members of the team of artists that worked under the direction of Artus I on the decoration of the newly built City Hall on the Dam Square. The artist traveled to Italy and probably visited Turin, Florence and Rome between 1655 and 1657. He", "id": "13073284" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nUden. The couple had three sons: Erasmus, who would become a painter and engraver, Artus, who would follow in his father’s footsteps and become a sculptor, and Hubertus, who became an engraver and painter. His daughter Cornelia Quellinus married his pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. He was the teacher of Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder, Melchior Charles, Wallerant Vaillant, Joos Sterck (1607); Rombout Claes (1609), Melchior van der Lanen (1612), Hans Franscoys (1614),", "id": "7355032" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nfurther inspired by the cult of veneration and devotion to Mary prevalent at the Habsburg court (then the rulers over the Southern Netherlands) and in Antwerp generally. Garland paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image, portrait or other religious symbol (such as the host). The paintings are usually a collaboration between a flower painter and a staffage painter. Van Thielen produced multiple garland paintings in collaboration with other artists. His collaborators included his brother-in-law Erasmus Quellinus II, Nicolas de Largilliere, Jan van", "id": "12866287" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nhe was the brother-in-law of Erasmus Quellinus II. Erasmus Quelllinus was married to the sister of his wife and would become one of the leading history painters in Flanders after the deaths of Rubens and van Dyck. Quellinus drew van Thielens’ portrait that was engraved by Richard Collin for Cornelis de Bie's book of artist biographies Het Gulden Cabinet. Van Thielen and his wife had 9 children. Because he liked flower painting he changed masters in 1641 and began training with Daniel Seghers, the leading flower painter in Flanders", "id": "12866282" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nbe regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. Typical examples of his work are the painting \"A Poor Company at Table in a Rustic Kitchen\" held by the National Trust at Tyntesfield and oil on copper religious paintings, such as \"Daniel in the Lion's Den\"", "id": "11181882" }, { "contents": "Mattheus Borrekens\n\n\nAntwerp on 25 December 1670. Mattheus Borrekens was mainly a reproductive printmaker. He made prints after the work of leading Flemish painters of his time such as Rubens, van Dyck, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Abraham van Diepenbeeck, Jan Thomas van Ieperen, Pieter van Lint and Cornelis Schut. He mainly concentrated on Christian religious subjects and portraits. He also engraved frontispieces of publications such as Christophe Butkens's\"Trophées tant sacrés et profanes du Duché de Brabant\". 1724-1726. For this publication he engraved after a design by van Diepenbeeck", "id": "2345697" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nmaster’s daughter, Cornelia Quellinus. Through his marriage he became the brother in law of the leading Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1641 and in 1659 he became the deacon of the Guild. His first wife died in 1662, and he remarried in 1665, to Elisabeth Lemmens. He was the father of the sculptors Pieter Verbrugghen II and Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen. His daughter Suzanna married the sculptor Peeter Meesens. His pupils included some of the leading representatives of the", "id": "11276651" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nhave made individual statues, none of which have survived. In 1635 he was awarded the contract to make the pulpit of the St. Elisabeth Hospital in Antwerp. This work is an example of early Baroque in Antwerp and shows Erasmus’ mastery of balance and symmetry, even though there is no sense of realism. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known commissions. He made the original design for the pulpit, which, after his death, was somewhat changed by his son Artus while Pieter Verbrugghen", "id": "7355034" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Barbé\n\n\nNicolaas Lauwers for infringement of privileges relating to prints he had created, he received the support of Rubens. Barbé married Christien (or Christina) Wierix, the daughter of the prominent engraver and publisher Hieronymus Wierix on 30 March 1620. According to the contemporary notes of the painter Erasmus Quellinus II, Barbé was a very ugly person, while his daughter, who was a gifted engraver, was counted among 'the most beautiful women of Antwerp'. Hieronymus Wierix , the father of his wife, had died in 1619 before the", "id": "20064889" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nthe most successful Flemish Baroque sculptor of the mid 17th century. Artus II is likely to have received his training as a sculptor from his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Antwerp to where he must have moved from his native city of Sint-Truiden (then in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, now in the Belgian province of Limburg). Artus Quellinus II became a master of the Guild of Saint Luke in Antwerp in 1650–51. Artus Quellinus II married Anna Maria Gabron, the sister of the painter Willem Gabron, in 1653", "id": "13073283" }, { "contents": "Daniel Seghers\n\n\n, the collaborators are not always known with certainty. It is known he often worked with Cornelis Schut, Erasmus Quellinus II, Abraham van Diepenbeek, Simon de Vos, Jan van den Hoecke, Gonzales Coques and Rubens. Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert is also mentioned as his collaborator. It is possible that Seghers collaborated with Rubens on a garland painting for the Saint Carolus Borromeus church in Antwerp. During his stay in Rome he also collaborated with Poussin and Domenichino. Unlike in his later collaborations, Seghers is believed to have added flower garlands", "id": "7240113" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nErasmus de Bie (1629 in Antwerp – 1675 in Antwerp) was a Flemish Baroque painter known for his city views and genre scenes. He depicted several lively scenes of large public celebrations in his hometown of Antwerp. It is not clear whether the views of Italianate cities and landscapes attributed to him are the work of Adriaen de Bie, a Flemish painter from Lier who worked in Italy for a while. Very little is known about the life of Erasmus de Bie. He was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter", "id": "4566739" }, { "contents": "Willem Gabron\n\n\n. He was first registered in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke as a ‘wijnmeester’ (i.e. son of a master of the Guild) in the guild year 1640-41, along with his younger brother Antoon. His sister Anna Maria married the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Younger. Gabron travelled to Rome, at the latest by 1646. Here he became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the", "id": "12740318" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nBaroque painter, and the engraving of the frontispiece was made by Jacob Neefs (Antwerp, June 3, 1610 – 1660), also after a design by Erasmus Quellinus the Younger. Christoffel Plantin (1520–1589), grandfather of Balthasar Moretus, set up his printing shop called 'De Gulden Passer' (Golden Compasses) in Antwerp in 1555, publishing both Catholic and Protestant literature. This Frenchman, who fled his native country to Antwerp to escape the persecution during the 1540s, was the best-known printer of his time", "id": "2235324" }, { "contents": "Jan Anton van der Baren\n\n\nare a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder. These paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Van der Baren collaborated on garland paintings with other painters, such as Erasmus Quellinus II and the Flemish émigré painter Nikolaus van Hoy. These collaborators painted the devotional image while van der Baren painted the flower garland. An example is the \"Garland of flowers surrounding the Holy Family", "id": "16752890" }, { "contents": "Jacob de Formentrou\n\n\nthe conclusion that the painting is not a collaboration between all the artists whose works are represented in the painting but rather represents the combined effort of de Formentrou and Erasmus Quellinus II, a leading Antwerp painter. F. G. Meijer on the other hand believes that the composition is a collaboration between all of the artists whose work are depicted. He attributes the composition and the various pictures depicted in it as follows: The painting can be read as a reference to connoisseurship, and in particular the connoisseur's activity of evaluating the authorship of", "id": "8771731" }, { "contents": "Nicolaas van Eyck\n\n\nstarted to study in 1632. He was a captain of a local schutterij and this may be a reason why he painted military scenes. He was friends with the flower painter Jan Philip van Thielen, who had also been a pupil of Rombouts. Van Eyck was godfather to at least one of van Thielen's nine children. He was the teacher of Pieter Hofman. His sons Nicolaas II and Jan Carel van Eyck became painters. Jan Carel was a student of Jan Erasmus Quellinus and spent time in Italy. Nicolaas van Eyck", "id": "8735899" }, { "contents": "Philips Augustijn Immenraet\n\n\nwould paint the landscape while the other specialist painters would take care of other aspects of the painting such as staffage, architecture, animals or still life elements. A collaboration with Erasmus Quellinus II is reported by the Dutch biographer Arnold Houbraken. The Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium holds the 1672 painting \"The Legend of William Tell shown to the Antwerp Guild of St Sebastian\", which is a collaboration between Immenraet, Wilhelm Schubert van Ehrenberg (who painted the architecture) and Karel-Emmanuel Biset. He also worked with", "id": "10869502" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nUniversity – the same city where Jan Baptist Zangrius was also active. Here Lobkowitz published a major work titled \"Theologia Moralis ad prima, eaque clarissima principia reducta\" printed by Perus Zangrius (Lovanii, typis ac sumptibus Petrus Zangrius, 1645). His book titled \"Philippus Prudens\" containing some hatched arms was published in 1639 by Balthasar Moretus in Antwerp. The coats of arms were engraved by Cornelius Galle the Younger, after the drawings of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger (Antwerp, 1607 - Antwerp, 1678), a Flemish", "id": "2235323" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nFrans de Bie the Elder. He was baptised on 20 December 1629 in the St. Walburga church in Antwerp. He became a pupil of David Ryckaert III in 1641 and was admitted as a master in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645-1646. He married Catharina Douglas, called de Schot (the Scot), and was the father of Frans and Jan Baptist de Bie, who both became painters. Jan Baptist emigrated to Vienna where he remained active. Erasmus de Bie had pupils in 1660 and in 1666,", "id": "4566740" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck (III)\n\n\nSnellinck the Younger was a genre and history painter. His great-grandfather was the prominent Flemish painter and art dealer Jan Snellinck the Elder, who was originally from Mechelen and worked most of his career in Antwerp. Jan Snellinck (III)'s grand-uncles Daniel and Gerard were also painters. Very little is known about the life of Jan Snellinck (III). He likely trained with his father. He was active in Rotterdam for his entire career. The death date and place of Jan Snellinck are not known but", "id": "10515381" }, { "contents": "Anton Goubau\n\n\nat the front on the right, which expresses the transience of power and fame. In addition to his cityscapes, Goubau painted many religious compositions, especially designed for churches in Antwerp. He also made a number of religious paintings on copper as part of a series made for the Spanish market to which other Flemish painters such as Willem van Herp, Erasmus Quellinus II, and possibly Abraham Willemsens contributed. The series is now kept in the Convent of las Comendadoras de Santiaga in Madrid. He painted portraits as evidenced by the portrait", "id": "4569148" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof forms achieved through a sculptural use of light. Quellinus’ oldest known work is the 1634 \"Adoration of the Shepherds\" (Alte Pinakothek, Munich), which is in this Caravaggesque mode. From the 1640s, his style took on a classicizing aspect and a sculptured look. Erasmus never travelled to Italy so this stylistic development was likely influenced by the work of his brother Artus, who introduced his own style of classicizing Baroque in Flemish sculpture after returning from Rome in 1640. Both brothers depicted similar idealizing Antique figures in", "id": "11150852" }, { "contents": "Jan Siberechts\n\n\nEngland around 1672 and spent the first three years in England painting decorations in the Duke’s newly built Cliveden House at Taplow, Buckinghamshire, England. From the second part of the 1670s and in the 1680s he travelled widely in England completing numerous commissions for aristocratic clients. He lived in London where one of his daughters was a lace-maker for the Queen. His younger daughter, Frances, married the Flemish émigré sculptor Artus Quellinus III (known in England as 'Arnold Quellinus') and, after being widowed, John", "id": "14682967" }, { "contents": "Jan Fyt\n\n\n, Fyt collaborated regularly with other painters who were specialist in other areas such as figure, landscape or architectural painting. He thus relied on figure painters such as Cornelius Schut, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly on occasion Jacob Jordaens and on figure and architectural painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II. Jan Fyt produced many drawings of animals based usually on studies from nature. The Hermitage holds a large gouache drawing of a \"\". It is rich in colour and carefully executed and was likely intended as a model for tapestry cartoon. Fyt", "id": "1007601" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nartistic direction over the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the newly appointed governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, Leo van Heil worked as Quellinus' architectural assistant. The Archduke became his patron and appointed him as his court architect and commissioned various projects from van Heil, including a stone gate for the Archduke's palace in Brussels. The painter and printmaker Renier Meganck, who later worked as a court painter in Vienna, became a pupil of Leo van Heil in Brussels in 1656. In his time Leo van", "id": "8052851" }, { "contents": "Gerard Seghers\n\n\nGerard Seghers (1591 in Antwerp – 18 March 1651 in Antwerp) was a Flemish painter, art collector and art dealer. After a period of study of study and residence in Rome, he returned to Flanders where he became one of the leading representatives of the Flemish Caravaggisti movement. In his later career he abandoned the Caravaggist style and genre motifs to become an important painter of large altarpieces for local churches. Gerard Seghers was born in Antwerp as the son of innkeeper Jan Seghers and his wife Ida de Neve. He was", "id": "7355415" }, { "contents": "Jacob Leyssens\n\n\nJacob Leyssens or Jacob Lyssens (nickname Notenkraker) (1661, Antwerp - 1710, Antwerp), was a Flemish painter and decorator. After training in Antwerp, he spent a long time in Rome. After his return to Antwerp, he was active as a painter and decorator and collaborated with prominent Antwerp still life painters such as Gaspar Peeter Verbruggen the Younger and Jan Baptist Bosschaert. He was a student of Peter Ykens in 1674. He travelled to Rome at a young age as he is mentioned there in 1680. He", "id": "13757002" }, { "contents": "Francesco Ruschi\n\n\nFrancesco Ruschi was an Italian painter born in Rome around 1610. He studied in Rome under Giuseppe Cesari (Cavalier d'Arpino), Francesco Albani and Pietro da Cortona. His work also shows the influence of Caravaggio. He settled in Venice before 1629. He became a friend of the writer Giovan Francesco Loredan, for whom he drew the cover pages of several works. He moved to Treviso from 1656, and died there in 1661. Ruschi was influenced by the paintings of Paolo Veronese in his academic and decorative interpretations. These include", "id": "14035066" }, { "contents": "St. Peter in Chains Church (Beringen)\n\n\nor Vandereyt) and date from the late 17th century. Jan Rutten from Sint-Truiden completed the stalls after the death of Laurens Vandenreyt. The Baroque high altar contains a painting representing Christ on the cross attributed to the Antwerp painter Erasmus Quellinus II. The side altars are portico altars and contain the Baroque paintings \" Assumption and Coronation of Mary\" and the \"Finding of the Cross\", both by Anton Goubau. The rood screen is neogothic. The organ was manufactured in 1853 by Henri Vermeersch from Duffel and is the", "id": "12887333" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck\n\n\nJan Snellinck or Jan Snellinck (I) (Mechelen, c. 1548 – Antwerp, 1 October 1638) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and designer of tapestries, prints and frescoes. He is known for his large altarpieces and was also recognized as a leading battle painter in his time. Snellinck was active as an art dealer and art collector. Jan Snellinck was born in Mechelen as the son of Daniël Snellinck I, a painter and hawker, and Cornelia Verhulst (alias: Bessemeers). His mother came from a family", "id": "12059012" }, { "contents": "Paul de Vos\n\n\n. De Vos was able to develop his own personal style that accentuated abrupt movement, the gruesome aspects of hunts, used warmer colours and a broader brush stroke than Snyders. He also expanded the iconographic tradition with scenes of fighting cats and horses attacked by wolves. As was common amongst artists in 17th-century Antwerp, De Vos frequently collaborated with other painters. He collaborated with Rubens, Anthony van Dyck (, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg), Erasmus Quellinus II, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert, Adriaen van Utrecht and Jan Wildens", "id": "4556665" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nPieter Verbrugghen I (alternative spellings: \"Pieter Verbruggen I\", \"Peter van der Brugghen I\", \"Pieter van der Brugghen I\", \"Peter Verbrugghen I\", \"Peeter Verbrugghen I\") (1615, Antwerp – 1686, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor from the Baroque. He was apprenticed in 1625 as a 'beeltsnijder' (sculptor) to Simon de Neef, who was an 'antijcsnijder' (ornamental sculptor). Later he worked under Erasmus Quellinus I and in 1641 he married his", "id": "11276650" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nThomas Quellinus (March 1661 – September 1709), also known, especially in Denmark, as Thomas Qvellinus, was a Flemish baroque sculptor. He was born in Antwerp but worked mainly in Copenhagen, Denmark. He is especially known for the production of grandiose and sumptuous memorial chapels, sepulchral monuments and epitaphs, which can be found in churches throughout Denmark and northern Germany’s Schleswig-Holstein area. His chapels and monuments are dramatically composed, executed in rare, differently coloured types of marble and framed by monumental architectural components.", "id": "11778978" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nscenes and designs for tapestries. Like Rubens, Quellinus was a \"pictor doctus\" with a strong grounding in ancient history and philosophy. He had built an extensive library and art collection. This learning is reflected in the subject matter of his work. Even while he was a frequent collaborator with Rubens’ workshop in the 1630s, Quellinus developed a personal style distinctive from that of Rubens. This style is reminiscent of the Antwerp followers of Caravaggio such as Theodoor Rombouts and Gerard Seghers. Characteristics of this style are the strong modeling", "id": "11150851" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Bosschaert\n\n\nJan Baptist Bosschaert or Jan Baptist Bosschaert the Younger (baptized on 17 December 1667 in Antwerp –1746 in Antwerp) was a Flemish still life painter who is principally known for his decorative still lifes with flowers. He collaborated with figure artists on compositions which combined allegorical or mythological scenes with a still life element. He was active in Antwerp. Jan Baptist Bosschaert was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter-baker Jan Baptist and his second wife Joanna de Bie, the sister of the painter Erasmus de Bie. His", "id": "20819606" }, { "contents": "Wallerant Vaillant\n\n\nWallerant Vaillant (30 May 1623 – 28 August 1677) was a painter of the Dutch Golden Age and one of the first artists to use the mezzotint technique, which he probably helped to develop. Wallerant Vaillant was born in Lille, the oldest of five brothers who all became successful painters. It is said Wallerant was a student of Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) in Antwerp. He moved with his parents in 1643 to Amsterdam. In 1647 he lived in Middelburg, but in 1649 he was back in Amsterdam. In", "id": "8302348" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nHans Bernaert (or Beernart) (1615) and Christoffel de la Fontaine (1633–34). His work is not well known since only a few of his works have survived. Erasmus is primarily known as a sculptor who drew inspiration from antiquity. He worked in the late Renaissance style although his later work shows a development towards early Baroque. The bulk of his commissions consisted of the renovation and replacement of church furniture that had been destroyed during the iconoclastic troubles of the 16th century. Besides decorative work, he is known to", "id": "7355033" }, { "contents": "Rombaut Pauwels\n\n\nbrother of François Duquesnoy, and the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus also worked in this workshop in Rome. They and Rombaut Pauwels brought the moderate Baroque style of François Duquesnoy with them when they returned to the Southern Netherlands. After his return to Flanders, Rombaut Pauwels was active mainly in his hometown Mechelen and in Ghent. Rombaut Pauwels’ pupils included the brothers Hendrik and Jan Matthys. Rombaut Pauwels was a capable sculptor who worked in the classicizing Baroque style pioneered by François Duquesnoy but he lacked the virtuoso technique of his contemporaries Artus Quellinus", "id": "9167166" }, { "contents": "Lucas de Wael\n\n\nLucas de Wael (3 March 1591 – 25 October 1661) was a Flemish painter, engraver and merchant. He was born in Antwerp and worked for some time in Genoa in Italy before returning to Antwerp, where he died. Lucas de Wael was born into an artistic family in Antwerp as the son of the painter Jan de Wael I (1558-1633). His mother Gertrude de Jode came from a family of artists: her father was the cartographer Gerard de Jode and her brother was the engraver Peter de Jode", "id": "2957457" }, { "contents": "Jan van Balen\n\n\nGaspard, Theodoor van Thulden, Jan de Labare and Erasmus Quellinus the Younger on the execution of designs for the gallery on the Meir and the triumphal arch at St. John's Church in Antwerp. The overall design of the decorations was under the direction of Rubens. [[File:Jan Brueghel II, Jan van Balen - The Feast of Bacchus (Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus).jpg|thumb|\"The Feast of Bacchus\", with [[Jan Brueghel the Younger]] Jan van Balen left on 8 September 1639 with his brother Gaspard on", "id": "19729208" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nfor the Council Chamber, is repeated in a painting by Erasmus. This development towards classicist rigidity may reflect the influence of French art with its preference for classicism. Erasmus’ work also gained a theatrical aspect as reflected in the 1652 painting \"Artemisia\" (Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, University of Glasgow). The painting has a theatrical background like a park. This tendency became more evident in the 1660s when his paintings started to include grandiose scenery with flamboyant architecture. This is clear in the \"Let the Children Come", "id": "11150854" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nin particular the marble decorations he and his workshop produced, became an example for other buildings in Amsterdam. The team of sculptors that Artus supervised during his work on the Amsterdam city hall included many sculptors who would become leading sculptors in their own right such as his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Rombout Verhulst, Bartholomeus Eggers and Gabriël Grupello and probably also Grinling Gibbons. He returned to work in Antwerp in 1658 and remained active mainly in this city until his death. His many pupils included his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Martin Deurweerders", "id": "8459223" }, { "contents": "David Teniers III\n\n\nDavid Teniers III, also referred to as David Teniers junior (baptized 10 July 1638 – 2 October 1685) was a Flemish painter and tapestry designer who was mainly active in Antwerp, Madrid and Brussels. He is known for his portraits, religious compositions and genre scenes. David Teniers III was born in Antwerp where he was baptized on July 10 in the St. James' Church. He was a scion of two very prominent artist families from Antwerp: his father was the painter David Teniers the Younger and his mother was Anna", "id": "17442937" }, { "contents": "Gerard Douffet\n\n\nGerard Douffet (6 aug 1594 – 1660/1661), also known as Doufeet or Duffeit, was a Flemish painter. He was born at Liège in 1594, and studied for some time at Antwerp in the school of Rubens, and afterwards in Italy. He composed and designed with good taste, and his historical pictures are much esteemed. 'Pope Nicholas V. at the Tomb of St. Francis of Assisi ' (painted in 1627), 'St. Helena and the true Cross' (painted for the Abbey of St. Lawrence,", "id": "6883668" }, { "contents": "Jan van Buken\n\n\nJan van Buken or Jan van Beucken (10 March 1635 – 6 February 1690) was a Flemish painter mainly known for his genre paintings and still lifes. Jan van Buken was born in Antwerp. He became a master in the Guild of Saint Luke in 1658 where he was registered under the name 'Jan van Beucken'. In the period from 1666 to 1682 he worked in Rome while regularly travelling back to Antwerp. He returned to live in Antwerp after the death of his parents. Jan Baptist Beveren was registered as", "id": "15324731" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ntheir work in this period. His \"Adoration of the Holy Sacrament\" (1646) was painted in this style. From c. 1650 this classicism in his work became rigid and his compositions from this period made use of a limited number of stereotyped and idealized figure types. This stylistic development is evident in the interior decorations he made for the new City Hall of Amsterdam, which he executed in collaboration with his brother Artus. The brothers achieved stylistic agreement in this commission: the \"Judgement of Solomon\", which Artus sculpted", "id": "11150853" }, { "contents": "Nikolaus van Hoy\n\n\nhe would have met in Rome and had later joined him in Brussels. At about 1667 he became the court painter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria. He retained this post until his death in Vienna in 1679. He was succeeded at the court by his son Nickolaus van Hoey the Younger (Antwerp 1660- Vienna ca. 1710). He made landscapes and portraits. He engraved religious scenes and mythological figures adapted from originals of Veronese, Barocci and Raphael. He was one of the", "id": "16812974" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\ngenres including cattle market scenes, Italianate landscapes and village scenes. He is probably best known for his depiction of festivals and processions set in his native Antwerp. His village scenes are reminiscent of the genre scenes of David Teniers the Younger. He also took his inspiration from other Flemish artists. For instance, his composition \"\" likely drew its inspiration from similar paintings representing processions in cities by Flemish artists such as Pieter van Aelst and Erasmus de Bie. He painted many scenes of cattle markets, which offered him the opportunity to", "id": "3658943" }, { "contents": "Jan van den Hecke\n\n\nKunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Archduke Leopold Wilhem must have particularly liked his flower pieces as all of van den Hecke's paintings which he collected were pictures of flowers in vases and baskets and garland paintings. Van Hecke returned to Antwerp around 1657. In 1660 he married Maria Adriana Heyens with whom he had three children. His son, known as Jan van den Hecke II, was born in 1661 and became a popular painter of flowers as well as other types of still life. His two known pupils were Peeter vander Elstraeten (", "id": "14931009" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nLeo van Heil (Brussels, 1605 – c.1664), was a Flemish architect, painter and miniature painter mainly of flowers and insects. He is chiefly remembered for his designs of the Brigittines chapel and the tower of the Saint Nicholas Church, both in Brussels. Leo van Heil was born in Brussels. He had two brothers who were also artists: Jan Baptist van Heil was a portrait painter and Daniel van Heil was a landscape painter specialising in winter scenes or burning fires. When in 1648 Erasmus Quellinus was given the general", "id": "8052850" }, { "contents": "Jan Verhas\n\n\ngovernment awarded him a special subsidy of 1,200 francs and commissioned from him a composition depicting the Battle of Kallo. In 1862 he travelled via Paris and Lyon to Italy, where he made stops in Turin, Milan and Venice. He remained in Venice for two to three months, studying and copying the masters. Lack of funds forced him to leave Italy. He travelled back via Paris where his brother Frans was working at the time. Jan assisted his brother in the execution of several decorative projects. Afterwards he resided in Antwerp", "id": "9399028" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\nPeeter the Elder and Joris became painters. Alexander trained under his father. He became a master in the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1685. On 11 August 1685, he married Cornelia Sporckmans, daughter of the Antwerp history painter Hubert Sporckmans. They had three daughters and six sons of whom Jan Frans became a painter. Alexander van Bredael died in Antwerp. His pupils include his son Jan Frans, Peeter Busschop, Johan Baptist Govaerts, Guielmus van Ryn and Pieter Snyers. Alexander van Bredael painted in a wide variety of", "id": "3658942" }, { "contents": "Filippo Zaniberti\n\n\nFilippo Zaniberti (1585–1636) was an Italian painter of the late Mannerist period. He was born in Brescia and active in Venice, where he became a pupil of Santo Peranda. Zaniberti's style recalls the richness of Paolo Veronese. He painted a \"Mannah in the desert\" for the main altarpiece of the church of Santa Maria Nuova of Venice. He worked alongside the fellow Peranda disciple, Matteo Ponzone, in the decoration of the Ducal palace of Mirandola. He painted a \"Marriage of St Catherine\" for the church", "id": "19300082" }, { "contents": "St. Paul's Church, Antwerp\n\n\ntwisted marble columns. The painting \"Adoration of the shepherds\" by Rubens forms the altar piece. The Maria Chapel also contains a white marble sculpture of \"Our Lady of Sorrows\" by Jan Pieter van Baurscheit de Elder. The church holds elaborate tomb monuments attributed to Johannes van Mildert, Pieter Verbrugghen II and Andries Colyns de Nole. The 17th century organ is regarded as one of the most important organs of Belgium. The monumental organ case was sculpted by Pieter Verbrugghen I after a design by Erasmus Quellinus II. In 1623", "id": "10432986" }, { "contents": "David Teniers the Elder\n\n\nDavid Teniers the Elder (158229 July 1649), Flemish painter, was born at Antwerp. Having received his first training in the painter's art from his brother Juliaen, he studied under Rubens in Antwerp, and subsequently under Elsheimer in Rome; he became a member of the Antwerp guild of painters in 1606. Though his ambition led him at times to try his skill in large religious, historical and mythological compositions, his claim to fame depends chiefly on his landscapes and paintings of peasants carousing, of kermesse scenes and the", "id": "12948361" } ]

[ { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke as a 'wijnmeester', i.e. the son of a member of the Guild. The next year he married Cornelia Teniers, the daughter of painter David Teniers the Younger. Jan Erasmus Quellinus received many commissions including a large commission for paintings destined for Antwerp’s Saint Michael's Abbey. Around 1680 Quellinus worked in Vienna for the Habsburg court as a court painter to Emperor Leopold I. Among other works, the most important commission he completed was a series of 15 ceiling paintings on events in the life", "id": "7354727" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nJan-Erasmus Quellinus or Jan Erasmus Quellinus (1634 in Antwerp – 11 March 1715 in Mechelen) was a Flemish painter and draughtsman and a member of the famous Quellinus family of artists. He was one of the last prominent representatives of the great Flemish school of history and portrait painting in the 17th century. His work displays the classicizing influences of his father Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and Paolo Veronese. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his grandfather Erasmus Quellinus", "id": "7354724" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nwritten as \" Sederboom\"), which means 'cedar tree'. He is also reported to have used another nickname: 'Corpus'. Quellinus later moved to Venice where he resided from circa 1660 to 1661. Here he was influenced by the style of Veronese as is shown by his drawings from that time. During his stay in Northern Italy he was also introduced to the architecture of Palladio, which informed some of the decorative motifs he used in his later compositions. Upon his return to Antwerp in 1661 he joined", "id": "7354726" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof his father’s Classicism. As a result art historians have difficulty attributing some works to either artist. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus developed further on the Classicism of his father linking it with the influence of Paolo Veronese from whom he borrowed grandeur and various dynamic details. Unlike his father he liked to incorporate in his paintings grand architectural elements which were derived from the Palladian buildings he had seen in Northern Italy. As was common practice at the time, he collaborated with specialist painters in Antwerp such as the still life painter Jan Fyt", "id": "7354730" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Elder, his father Erasmus the Younger, and his uncles Artus Quellinus the Elder and Hubertus Quellinus. He was trained by his father from 1649. Jan-Erasmus travelled to Italy where he initially resided in Rome from 1657 to 1659. He became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Jan-Erasmus was given the bent name \"Seederboom\" (also", "id": "7354725" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\none of the leading artistic families in Antwerp, producing sculptors, painters and printmakers who would develop careers in Flanders and abroad. Father Erasmus Quellinus I, a sculptor, had moved from Sint-Truiden to Antwerp. The brothers of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger were both artists: Artus (1609-1668) was a leading Baroque sculptor and Hubertus (1619-1687) an engraver. Erasmus Quellinus II became a student of Jan-Baptist Verhaeghe, an obscure artist, in 1633. He became a master of the Antwerp Guild", "id": "11150843" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Me\" of 1664 (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels). These later compositions possible reflect an influence by the early work of his son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. As was common in Antwerp at the time, Quellinus collaborated with other painters. He worked with still life specialists on still lifes and portraits. Many of the still lifes fall into the category of ‘garland paintings’. Garland paintings are a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder.", "id": "11150855" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus the Younger and Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) was a Flemish painter, engraver, draughtsman and tapestry designer who worked in various genres including history, portrait, battle and animal paintings. He was a pupil of Peter Paul Rubens and was one of the closest collaborators of Rubens in the 1630s. Following Rubens’ death in 1640 he became one of the most prolific and successful painters in Flanders. Erasmus Quellinus II was born in Antwerp as the son of Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden. The Quellinus family became", "id": "11150842" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus I or Erasmus Quellinus the Elder (alternate names: Erasmus Quellinck, Erasme Quellin (I)) (Sint-Truiden, 1584 - Antwerp, 22 January 1640) was a Flemish sculptor best known for classically inspired ornamentation work and copies after the antique. He was the founder of an important Antwerp dynasty of artists. Details of his early life and training have not survived. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1606. He married Betje van Uden, the sister of the painter Lucas van", "id": "7355031" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nHis brothers became prominent artists: Erasmus was a painter and Hubertus was an engraver and painter. His sister Cornelia married his father’s pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. Artus Quellinus received his first training from his father. In the period from 1635 to 1639 he trained in Rome in the studio of his compatriot François Duquesnoy. He spent time in Lyon together with the Flemish painter Laureys Franck and was in contact there with the Dutch engraver Nicolaas van Helt Stockade and the Dutch painter Jan Asselijn. He returned to Antwerp", "id": "8459221" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\n, Joseph van den Kerckhoven, Davit van den Heuvel, Francis Cools, Allowisius de Meyere, Jan-Baptist Hyacint Breydel, Gaspar (or Jasper) de Cantelbeeck (1685-86), Jan François Blondeau and Jacobus Blondeau (1697-98). From 1712 the artist resided and worked in Mechelen where he died on 11 March 1715. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was principally a history painter who also painted the occasional portrait. He had an extensive output supported by a large workshop. His style is closely related to that", "id": "7354729" }, { "contents": "Anthoni Schoonjans\n\n\nMarch 1655. He became in the Guild year 1668-1669 in Antwerp an apprentice of Erasmus Quellinus II and that master's son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. From 1674 to 1677 the artist resided in Reims and he also spent some time in Paris. In 1674 his mother met up with her son Anthoni in Reims. He left France and from 6 January 1675 he resided in Rome, where he familiarised himself with the Italian Baroque. He shared in Rome a residence with the flower painter Carel de Vogelaer in Via Margutta.", "id": "9299848" }, { "contents": "Nicolaes van Verendael\n\n\nteacher of someone referred to as 'priest Cano' and the flower painter Jean Baptiste Morel. Van Verendael mainly painted flower pieces, vanitas still lifes and a few allegorical scenes with monkeys. His dated works are from the period between 1659 and 1690. He was highly regarded from an early age when he started working with some of the leading Antwerp painters such as David Teniers the Younger, Gonzales Coques, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Boeckhorst, Carstian Luyckx and Jan Davidsz. de Heem. His early work shows the influence of", "id": "18460769" }, { "contents": "Theodoor Boeyermans\n\n\n' dated works are dated between 1660 and 1677. He was mainly a painter of history and allegorical paintings. The artist received many important commissions for churches in his native Antwerp, the Kempen region and in Malines, but made his name in his hometown by painting secular compositions. He also painted group portraits. Together with Jan-Erasmus Quellinus, Boeyermans was one of the last important 17th-century Flemish history painters. His style was influenced by Rubens and van Dyck but he favoured a darker palette than those two artists.", "id": "6673291" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin 1662. On 9 November 1663, Erasmus Quellinus II married Françoise de Fren. De Fren was the daughter of the well-off André de Fren, secretary of the Council of Brabant, and the sister of Isabella de Fren, who was married to the court painter David Teniers II. In 1665 Quellinus designed a cenotaph for the deceased Philip IV of Spain and the decorations for the Joyous Entry of Don Francisco de Moura as governor of the Habsburg Netherlands. Erasmus Quellinus II died in Antwerp on 7 November 1678. His", "id": "11150849" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Antwerp from Rome around 1640. Artus worked in a classicizing style of Baroque under the influence of his compatriot, the sculptor François Duquesnoy, in whose workshop in Rome he had worked. This style had in turn been influenced by the Classicism of Annibale Carracci. The two brothers would from then on work together on various projects and mutually influence each other. After Rubens’ death in 1640 Erasmus Quellinus became one of the leading history painters of Flanders. He received many commissions for altarpieces in the region. In 1648 he was", "id": "11150847" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ncommissioned to make the decorations for the Joyous Entry of the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm into Antwerp, thus playing the same role as Rubens 13 years earlier for the Joyous Entry of Ferdinand. He made the decorations for the announcement of the Treaty of Westphalia in the same year. Around 1656 Erasmus worked in Amsterdam where his brother Artus was responsible for the decoration of the new City Hall. Erasmus assisted in this project and the brothers also collaborated on other commissions. Erasmus painted altarpieces for clandestine Catholic churches in Amsterdam. His first wife died", "id": "11150848" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\npupils included his son Jan Erasmus Quellinus, Guilliam Forchondt (II), Julius de Geest, Willem de Ryck, Anthoni Schoonjans, Wallerant Vaillant and Remacle Serin. Erasmus Quellinus II was a very versatile artist who worked in various genres. He received numerous commissions for altarpieces depicting Counter-Reformation themes for churches and monasteries throughout the Southern Netherlands. He also received many civic commissions which allowed him to show his learning in the depiction of scenes from ancient history and mythology and allegorical compositions. In addition, he produced portraits, battle", "id": "11150850" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof Saint Luke in 1633-1634. In the 1630s, the artist worked and likely studied in the workshop of Rubens and regularly collaborated on projects with Rubens. In 1634 Erasmus II married Catharina de Hemelaer, a niece of Jan de Hemelaer, the deacon of Antwerp Cathedral. Their son Jan Erasmus followed in his father’s footsteps and became a painter. From the notes made by his son Jan Erasmus in the margin of his copy of Cornelis de Bie’s book of artist biographies entitled Het Gulden Cabinet, it is known", "id": "11150844" }, { "contents": "Jan van Kessel the Elder\n\n\na figure painter was responsible for the figure or other image in the cartouche. His collaborators on garland paintings are believed to have included his uncle David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus the Elder, Hendrick van Balen the Elder, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly Jan Boeckhorst. An example of a collaborative garland painting made by Jan van Kessel and David Teniers the Younger is the composition (c. 1660-1670, Louvre). In this work Jan van Kessel painted a decorative garland representing the four elements around a cartouche showing a young", "id": "16247184" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin the Hermitage Museum, a collaboration with Frans Ykens. Quellinus further collaborated with the animal and still life painter Jan Fyt on portraits such as the \"Portrait of a young boy\" (Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp) of c. 1650. Quellinus also collaborated with animal painters Peter Boel and genre painter Jan van Kessel the Elder. Erasmus Quellinus II executed various tapestry designs. In 1649 he produced the designs for a tapestry series depicting the \"History of the Thurn and Taxis Family\" (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of", "id": "11150857" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nHe was a member of the well-known Quellinus family of artists from 17th century Antwerp, major center of artistic life then known as \"the Florence of the North\". Thomas Quellinus was born in Antwerp to the leading Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus II and Anna Maria Gabron, and was baptised on 17 March 1661. He trained in his father’s workshop in the art of sculpture. After completing his apprenticeship with his father, he went to London, England, where he worked with his brother Artus Quellinus III. While", "id": "11778979" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nArtus Quellinus also known as Artus (Arnoldus) Quellijn, Artus Quellinus I or Artus Quellinus the Elder (20 or 30 August 1609, Antwerp  – 23 August 1668, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor. He is regarded as the most important representative of the Baroque in sculpture in the Southern Netherlands. His work had a major influence on the development of sculpture in Northern Europe. Artus Quellinus the Elder was born into an artistic family. He was the son of the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden.", "id": "8459220" }, { "contents": "Jan Pieter Brueghel\n\n\nJan Pieter Brueghel or Jan Pieter Breughel (29 August 1628 (baptised) – 1664) was a Flemish Baroque painter specialised in flower still lifes. Brueghel was born in Antwerp. He was the son of Jan Brueghel the Younger and Anna-Maria Janssens. He joined the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645 as \"wijnmeester\". He died in Italy, after 1664, and is known for flower still lifes. He created many garland paintings on which he collaborated with other painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II who painted the", "id": "10461841" }, { "contents": "Pieter Boel\n\n\nBoel got to know the work of the Genoese artist Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione and the still life painter Giuseppe Recco. He learned from these Italian masters to heighten the dramatic effect of his canvases by emphasizing the shadows. He also used red drapes in the background, a Baroque element par excellence, to enhance the atmosphere of his compositions. Boel is known to have collaborated with fellow Antwerp artists Erasmus Quellinus II and Jacob Jordaens, who painted the human figures in his compositions. Boel was accomplished in large-scale vanitas paintings depicting an", "id": "20560716" }, { "contents": "Pieter Bruegel the Elder\n\n\n(grandson of Jan Bruegel the Elder) and Jan van Kessel the Younger. Through David Teniers, the family is also related to the whole Teniers family of painters and the Quellinus family of painters and sculptors, since Jan-Erasmus Quellinus married Cornelia, daughter of David Teniers the Younger. Bruegel's art was long more highly valued by collectors than critics. His friend Abraham Ortelius described him in a friendship album in 1574 as \"the most perfect painter of his century\", but both Vasari and Van Mander see him as", "id": "17084192" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nflowers. The subject of vanitas as depicted here was unusual for van Utrecht and shows that his role in the development of new types of still life has not been sufficiently recognized in art-historical literature. As was common in Antwerp’s art sector at the time, van Utrecht collaborated with other specialist artists, typically figure painters. He is known to have provided the still life elements in paintings by Jacob Jordaens, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Cossiers, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. He is believed to have also collaborated with David Teniers", "id": "18461245" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nHubertus Quellinus or Hubert Quellinus (August 15, 1619, Antwerp – 1687) was a Flemish printmaker, draughtsman and painter and a member of the prominent Quellinus family of artists. His engravings after the work of his brother, the Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder, were instrumental in the spread of the Flemish Baroque idiom in Europe in the second half of the 17th century. Hubertus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his father Erasmus Quellinus the Elder and his brothers,", "id": "8520392" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus III\n\n\nArtus Quellinus III (1653, Antwerp – December 1686, London) was a Flemish sculptor active in London. His name is often anglicised to Arnold Quellan, Arnold Quellin or Arnold Quellinus or mistakenly given as \"Jan Quellinus\". He was the son of Artus Quellinus II and brother to the sculptor Thomas Quellinus and the painter Cornelis Quellinus He trained in his father's workshop in Antwerp before moving to London in 1682. He was married to Frances Siberechts, youngest daughter of the Antwerp-born painter Jan Siberechts, who had", "id": "13748725" }, { "contents": "Flemish Baroque painting\n\n\npainters combined a local influence from Rubens with knowledge of classicism and Italian Baroque qualities. Artists in the vein include Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Jan van den Hoecke, Pieter van Lint, Cornelis Schut, and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Later in the century, many painters turned to Anthony van Dyck as a major influence. Among them were Pieter Thijs, Lucas Franchoys the Younger, and artists who were also inspired by Late Baroque theatricality such as Theodoor Boeyermans and Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. Additionally, a Flemish variant of \"Caravaggism\"", "id": "6030293" }, { "contents": "Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen\n\n\nthe principal representatives of Flemish high baroque sculpture. The father had been a pupil of Erasmus Quellinus I, who was himself the founder of a prominent family of artists. The father married the daughter of his master Erasmus Quellinus. From this marriage Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was born. His brother Pieter Verbrugghen II was also a sculptor and worked in the workshop of his father. Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was trained by his father. Nonetheless, he did not start his career as a sculptor but as a draughtsman working with the illuminator Jan Ruyselinck", "id": "10070115" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nand Londerzeel. Many of his paintings can be regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. He often worked from prints made after the works of these masters to create his own compositions. An example is the (Prado Museum), which is based on a print after Rafael", "id": "11181884" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Rubens pupil Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and the prominent sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. In 1650 he traveled to Rome where he joined the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Hubertus was given the bent name \"Saracin\". Quellinus was in Amsterdam by 1660 where he collaborated on a publication, which consisted of two parts: the first part consisted of 30 plates depicting the Amsterdam", "id": "8520393" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\ncompleted the frontal decoration of the organ in the Antwerp cathedral, based on a design made by Erasmus Quellinus II. He and his workshop made the oak confessionals in the St. Paul's Church in Antwerp (between 1658 and 1660). He made the oak organ case in that church in collaboration with Artus Quellinus the Elder in 1654, and together with his son Pieter Verbrugghen II he executed the designs for the high altar in 1670. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known creations. The", "id": "11276653" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nArtus Quellinus II or Artus Quellinus the Younger (alternative first name: Arnold; variation on family name: Quellijn, Quellyn, Quellien, Quellin, Quellinius) (between 10 and 20 November 1625, Sint-Truiden – 22 November 1700, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor who played an important role in the evolution of Northern-European sculpture from High Baroque to Late Baroque. Artus Quellinus II was born into an artistic family. His uncle was the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I, whose son was Artus Quellinus I,", "id": "13073282" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Some of these works are now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. He returned to Antwerp where between the years 1685 and 1712 he worked on many commissions for churches in Antwerp and throughout Flanders. He also had many pupils including Anthoni Schoonjans, Simon de Marets, Jan Carel van Eyck, Guiliam Draeger (1668-69), Christoffel Franciscus Ponsel, Jacobus de Play (1669-1670), Peeter Heymans, Franciscus Carnonckel, Franciscus Cuylen, Hieronymus Galle (1673-74)", "id": "7354728" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nthat Erasmus II obtained a degree in philosophy. This explains the fact that he wrote a philosophical tract entitled \"Philosophia\", which was recorded in the 1679 inventory of his estate. Quellinus became a regular collaborator with Rubens from 1635. He first worked on the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the new governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand. Rubens was in overall charge of this project. Quellinus made decorative paintings after designs by Rubens of which six have survived. In the period 1636-1638 Rubens", "id": "11150845" }, { "contents": "Joannes Chrysostomus Teniers\n\n\n. As abbot he took the motto \"Tene Quod Bene\" (\"Hold on to what is good\", 1 Thessalonians 5, verse 21). Teniers died in Antwerp on 30 November 1709. His portrait painted by Jan-Erasmus Quellinus is inside Tongerlo Abbey. Teniers had some reputation as a preacher and a manuscript of his sermons for feastdays was preserved in the monastery library, as well as two volumes of his notes on the works of St Augustine. One of Teniers' poems was published in the preliminary matter", "id": "1158593" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nThese paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Erasmus Quellinus II collaborated on garland paintings with still life specialists, such as his brother-in-law Jan Philip van Thielen, Daniel Seghers, Jan Pieter Brueghel, Frans Ykens, Peter Willebeeck and Jan Anton van der Baren. These collaborators painted the flower garland while Quellinus painted the figures and architectural setting. An example is the \"Holy Family in a Wreath of Flowers\"", "id": "11150856" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\n’ workshop received a large commission to make mythological decorations for the hunting pavilion Torre de la Parada of the Spanish king Philip IV near Madrid. For this project Quellinus painted decorations after oil sketches by Rubens some of which have been preserved (Prado Museum). In early 1637 Quellinus drew frontispieces for the Antwerp printing house Plantin Press according to Rubens’ instructions regarding iconography and layout. These drawings were in Quellinus’ own style as Rubens let him a free hand in the design of the modelli. His brother Artus Quellinus I returned", "id": "11150846" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nwith living people and animals. Van Utrecht also painted a number of flower still lifes. He was a regular collaborator with leading Antwerp painters who had been pupils or assistants of Peter Paul Rubens, such as Jacob Jordaens, David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus II, Gerard Seghers, Theodoor Rombouts, Abraham van Diepenbeeck and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Adriaen van Utrecht was born in Antwerp as the son of Abel van Utrecht en Anne Huybrecht. In 1614 he became a pupil of Herman de Neyt, a painter and art dealer who", "id": "18461230" }, { "contents": "Baroque sculpture\n\n\nof a family of famous sculptors and painters, and son of another sculptor, Erasmus Quellinus. He settled in Antwerp in 1639. He became close to Rubens, and his work applied many of the principles of the compositions of Rubens to sculpture. Another important Belgian Baroque sculptor was Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen (1654–1724), who carved very elaborate sculptures, full of biblical scenes, flora and fauna,allegories and symbols for the ceremonial puppets the cathedrals and churches in Brussels, Louvain, Antwerp, Mechelen, and other cities. Early", "id": "16040697" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nwas back in Antwerp in 1657 and became an Antwerp burgher on 11 May 1663. His wife died on 15 October 1668 and the next year Artus remarried to Cornelia Volders. In the latter part of his life Quellinus received many commissions, primarily for church furnishings and tomb sculptures. His pupils include Alexander van Papenhoven, Thomas Quellinus, Jan van den Steen, (1633–1723), the Master of the St. Luke in Antwerp, Cornelis van Scheyck (1679–1680); Balten Rubbens (1685–1686); Adriaen Govaerts (1690–91) and", "id": "13073285" }, { "contents": "Peter Ykens\n\n\ntrained 28 pupils including Karel Breydel, Erasmus Causse, Gaspaer Janssens, Jan Thomas van Kessel, Henderick van Mael, Francis Scalie, Jan Baptist Kretsaert and Jacob Leyssens. His eldest son Jan Frans became a staffage painter who collaborated with still life painters of flowers and fruit. He died in Antwerp. He painted portraits and Christian religious representations and made a large number of altarpieces and paintings for local churches and palaces. As was the custom in Antwerp at the time, he often worked together with other painters who were specialists in", "id": "8049116" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\n. The couple had six children of whom three became artists: Artus Quellinus III and Thomas Quellinus were both successful sculptors whereas Cornelis Quellinus became a painter about whom little is known. The young Artus joined his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Amsterdam around 1653 where he became one of the members of the team of artists that worked under the direction of Artus I on the decoration of the newly built City Hall on the Dam Square. The artist traveled to Italy and probably visited Turin, Florence and Rome between 1655 and 1657. He", "id": "13073284" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nUden. The couple had three sons: Erasmus, who would become a painter and engraver, Artus, who would follow in his father’s footsteps and become a sculptor, and Hubertus, who became an engraver and painter. His daughter Cornelia Quellinus married his pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. He was the teacher of Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder, Melchior Charles, Wallerant Vaillant, Joos Sterck (1607); Rombout Claes (1609), Melchior van der Lanen (1612), Hans Franscoys (1614),", "id": "7355032" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nfurther inspired by the cult of veneration and devotion to Mary prevalent at the Habsburg court (then the rulers over the Southern Netherlands) and in Antwerp generally. Garland paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image, portrait or other religious symbol (such as the host). The paintings are usually a collaboration between a flower painter and a staffage painter. Van Thielen produced multiple garland paintings in collaboration with other artists. His collaborators included his brother-in-law Erasmus Quellinus II, Nicolas de Largilliere, Jan van", "id": "12866287" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nhe was the brother-in-law of Erasmus Quellinus II. Erasmus Quelllinus was married to the sister of his wife and would become one of the leading history painters in Flanders after the deaths of Rubens and van Dyck. Quellinus drew van Thielens’ portrait that was engraved by Richard Collin for Cornelis de Bie's book of artist biographies Het Gulden Cabinet. Van Thielen and his wife had 9 children. Because he liked flower painting he changed masters in 1641 and began training with Daniel Seghers, the leading flower painter in Flanders", "id": "12866282" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nbe regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. Typical examples of his work are the painting \"A Poor Company at Table in a Rustic Kitchen\" held by the National Trust at Tyntesfield and oil on copper religious paintings, such as \"Daniel in the Lion's Den\"", "id": "11181882" }, { "contents": "Mattheus Borrekens\n\n\nAntwerp on 25 December 1670. Mattheus Borrekens was mainly a reproductive printmaker. He made prints after the work of leading Flemish painters of his time such as Rubens, van Dyck, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Abraham van Diepenbeeck, Jan Thomas van Ieperen, Pieter van Lint and Cornelis Schut. He mainly concentrated on Christian religious subjects and portraits. He also engraved frontispieces of publications such as Christophe Butkens's\"Trophées tant sacrés et profanes du Duché de Brabant\". 1724-1726. For this publication he engraved after a design by van Diepenbeeck", "id": "2345697" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nmaster’s daughter, Cornelia Quellinus. Through his marriage he became the brother in law of the leading Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1641 and in 1659 he became the deacon of the Guild. His first wife died in 1662, and he remarried in 1665, to Elisabeth Lemmens. He was the father of the sculptors Pieter Verbrugghen II and Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen. His daughter Suzanna married the sculptor Peeter Meesens. His pupils included some of the leading representatives of the", "id": "11276651" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nhave made individual statues, none of which have survived. In 1635 he was awarded the contract to make the pulpit of the St. Elisabeth Hospital in Antwerp. This work is an example of early Baroque in Antwerp and shows Erasmus’ mastery of balance and symmetry, even though there is no sense of realism. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known commissions. He made the original design for the pulpit, which, after his death, was somewhat changed by his son Artus while Pieter Verbrugghen", "id": "7355034" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Barbé\n\n\nNicolaas Lauwers for infringement of privileges relating to prints he had created, he received the support of Rubens. Barbé married Christien (or Christina) Wierix, the daughter of the prominent engraver and publisher Hieronymus Wierix on 30 March 1620. According to the contemporary notes of the painter Erasmus Quellinus II, Barbé was a very ugly person, while his daughter, who was a gifted engraver, was counted among 'the most beautiful women of Antwerp'. Hieronymus Wierix , the father of his wife, had died in 1619 before the", "id": "20064889" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nthe most successful Flemish Baroque sculptor of the mid 17th century. Artus II is likely to have received his training as a sculptor from his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Antwerp to where he must have moved from his native city of Sint-Truiden (then in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, now in the Belgian province of Limburg). Artus Quellinus II became a master of the Guild of Saint Luke in Antwerp in 1650–51. Artus Quellinus II married Anna Maria Gabron, the sister of the painter Willem Gabron, in 1653", "id": "13073283" }, { "contents": "Daniel Seghers\n\n\n, the collaborators are not always known with certainty. It is known he often worked with Cornelis Schut, Erasmus Quellinus II, Abraham van Diepenbeek, Simon de Vos, Jan van den Hoecke, Gonzales Coques and Rubens. Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert is also mentioned as his collaborator. It is possible that Seghers collaborated with Rubens on a garland painting for the Saint Carolus Borromeus church in Antwerp. During his stay in Rome he also collaborated with Poussin and Domenichino. Unlike in his later collaborations, Seghers is believed to have added flower garlands", "id": "7240113" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nErasmus de Bie (1629 in Antwerp – 1675 in Antwerp) was a Flemish Baroque painter known for his city views and genre scenes. He depicted several lively scenes of large public celebrations in his hometown of Antwerp. It is not clear whether the views of Italianate cities and landscapes attributed to him are the work of Adriaen de Bie, a Flemish painter from Lier who worked in Italy for a while. Very little is known about the life of Erasmus de Bie. He was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter", "id": "4566739" }, { "contents": "Willem Gabron\n\n\n. He was first registered in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke as a ‘wijnmeester’ (i.e. son of a master of the Guild) in the guild year 1640-41, along with his younger brother Antoon. His sister Anna Maria married the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Younger. Gabron travelled to Rome, at the latest by 1646. Here he became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the", "id": "12740318" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nBaroque painter, and the engraving of the frontispiece was made by Jacob Neefs (Antwerp, June 3, 1610 – 1660), also after a design by Erasmus Quellinus the Younger. Christoffel Plantin (1520–1589), grandfather of Balthasar Moretus, set up his printing shop called 'De Gulden Passer' (Golden Compasses) in Antwerp in 1555, publishing both Catholic and Protestant literature. This Frenchman, who fled his native country to Antwerp to escape the persecution during the 1540s, was the best-known printer of his time", "id": "2235324" }, { "contents": "Jan Anton van der Baren\n\n\nare a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder. These paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Van der Baren collaborated on garland paintings with other painters, such as Erasmus Quellinus II and the Flemish émigré painter Nikolaus van Hoy. These collaborators painted the devotional image while van der Baren painted the flower garland. An example is the \"Garland of flowers surrounding the Holy Family", "id": "16752890" }, { "contents": "Jacob de Formentrou\n\n\nthe conclusion that the painting is not a collaboration between all the artists whose works are represented in the painting but rather represents the combined effort of de Formentrou and Erasmus Quellinus II, a leading Antwerp painter. F. G. Meijer on the other hand believes that the composition is a collaboration between all of the artists whose work are depicted. He attributes the composition and the various pictures depicted in it as follows: The painting can be read as a reference to connoisseurship, and in particular the connoisseur's activity of evaluating the authorship of", "id": "8771731" }, { "contents": "Nicolaas van Eyck\n\n\nstarted to study in 1632. He was a captain of a local schutterij and this may be a reason why he painted military scenes. He was friends with the flower painter Jan Philip van Thielen, who had also been a pupil of Rombouts. Van Eyck was godfather to at least one of van Thielen's nine children. He was the teacher of Pieter Hofman. His sons Nicolaas II and Jan Carel van Eyck became painters. Jan Carel was a student of Jan Erasmus Quellinus and spent time in Italy. Nicolaas van Eyck", "id": "8735899" }, { "contents": "Philips Augustijn Immenraet\n\n\nwould paint the landscape while the other specialist painters would take care of other aspects of the painting such as staffage, architecture, animals or still life elements. A collaboration with Erasmus Quellinus II is reported by the Dutch biographer Arnold Houbraken. The Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium holds the 1672 painting \"The Legend of William Tell shown to the Antwerp Guild of St Sebastian\", which is a collaboration between Immenraet, Wilhelm Schubert van Ehrenberg (who painted the architecture) and Karel-Emmanuel Biset. He also worked with", "id": "10869502" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nUniversity – the same city where Jan Baptist Zangrius was also active. Here Lobkowitz published a major work titled \"Theologia Moralis ad prima, eaque clarissima principia reducta\" printed by Perus Zangrius (Lovanii, typis ac sumptibus Petrus Zangrius, 1645). His book titled \"Philippus Prudens\" containing some hatched arms was published in 1639 by Balthasar Moretus in Antwerp. The coats of arms were engraved by Cornelius Galle the Younger, after the drawings of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger (Antwerp, 1607 - Antwerp, 1678), a Flemish", "id": "2235323" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nFrans de Bie the Elder. He was baptised on 20 December 1629 in the St. Walburga church in Antwerp. He became a pupil of David Ryckaert III in 1641 and was admitted as a master in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645-1646. He married Catharina Douglas, called de Schot (the Scot), and was the father of Frans and Jan Baptist de Bie, who both became painters. Jan Baptist emigrated to Vienna where he remained active. Erasmus de Bie had pupils in 1660 and in 1666,", "id": "4566740" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck (III)\n\n\nSnellinck the Younger was a genre and history painter. His great-grandfather was the prominent Flemish painter and art dealer Jan Snellinck the Elder, who was originally from Mechelen and worked most of his career in Antwerp. Jan Snellinck (III)'s grand-uncles Daniel and Gerard were also painters. Very little is known about the life of Jan Snellinck (III). He likely trained with his father. He was active in Rotterdam for his entire career. The death date and place of Jan Snellinck are not known but", "id": "10515381" }, { "contents": "Anton Goubau\n\n\nat the front on the right, which expresses the transience of power and fame. In addition to his cityscapes, Goubau painted many religious compositions, especially designed for churches in Antwerp. He also made a number of religious paintings on copper as part of a series made for the Spanish market to which other Flemish painters such as Willem van Herp, Erasmus Quellinus II, and possibly Abraham Willemsens contributed. The series is now kept in the Convent of las Comendadoras de Santiaga in Madrid. He painted portraits as evidenced by the portrait", "id": "4569148" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof forms achieved through a sculptural use of light. Quellinus’ oldest known work is the 1634 \"Adoration of the Shepherds\" (Alte Pinakothek, Munich), which is in this Caravaggesque mode. From the 1640s, his style took on a classicizing aspect and a sculptured look. Erasmus never travelled to Italy so this stylistic development was likely influenced by the work of his brother Artus, who introduced his own style of classicizing Baroque in Flemish sculpture after returning from Rome in 1640. Both brothers depicted similar idealizing Antique figures in", "id": "11150852" }, { "contents": "Jan Siberechts\n\n\nEngland around 1672 and spent the first three years in England painting decorations in the Duke’s newly built Cliveden House at Taplow, Buckinghamshire, England. From the second part of the 1670s and in the 1680s he travelled widely in England completing numerous commissions for aristocratic clients. He lived in London where one of his daughters was a lace-maker for the Queen. His younger daughter, Frances, married the Flemish émigré sculptor Artus Quellinus III (known in England as 'Arnold Quellinus') and, after being widowed, John", "id": "14682967" }, { "contents": "Jan Fyt\n\n\n, Fyt collaborated regularly with other painters who were specialist in other areas such as figure, landscape or architectural painting. He thus relied on figure painters such as Cornelius Schut, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly on occasion Jacob Jordaens and on figure and architectural painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II. Jan Fyt produced many drawings of animals based usually on studies from nature. The Hermitage holds a large gouache drawing of a \"\". It is rich in colour and carefully executed and was likely intended as a model for tapestry cartoon. Fyt", "id": "1007601" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nartistic direction over the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the newly appointed governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, Leo van Heil worked as Quellinus' architectural assistant. The Archduke became his patron and appointed him as his court architect and commissioned various projects from van Heil, including a stone gate for the Archduke's palace in Brussels. The painter and printmaker Renier Meganck, who later worked as a court painter in Vienna, became a pupil of Leo van Heil in Brussels in 1656. In his time Leo van", "id": "8052851" }, { "contents": "Gerard Seghers\n\n\nGerard Seghers (1591 in Antwerp – 18 March 1651 in Antwerp) was a Flemish painter, art collector and art dealer. After a period of study of study and residence in Rome, he returned to Flanders where he became one of the leading representatives of the Flemish Caravaggisti movement. In his later career he abandoned the Caravaggist style and genre motifs to become an important painter of large altarpieces for local churches. Gerard Seghers was born in Antwerp as the son of innkeeper Jan Seghers and his wife Ida de Neve. He was", "id": "7355415" }, { "contents": "Jacob Leyssens\n\n\nJacob Leyssens or Jacob Lyssens (nickname Notenkraker) (1661, Antwerp - 1710, Antwerp), was a Flemish painter and decorator. After training in Antwerp, he spent a long time in Rome. After his return to Antwerp, he was active as a painter and decorator and collaborated with prominent Antwerp still life painters such as Gaspar Peeter Verbruggen the Younger and Jan Baptist Bosschaert. He was a student of Peter Ykens in 1674. He travelled to Rome at a young age as he is mentioned there in 1680. He", "id": "13757002" }, { "contents": "Francesco Ruschi\n\n\nFrancesco Ruschi was an Italian painter born in Rome around 1610. He studied in Rome under Giuseppe Cesari (Cavalier d'Arpino), Francesco Albani and Pietro da Cortona. His work also shows the influence of Caravaggio. He settled in Venice before 1629. He became a friend of the writer Giovan Francesco Loredan, for whom he drew the cover pages of several works. He moved to Treviso from 1656, and died there in 1661. Ruschi was influenced by the paintings of Paolo Veronese in his academic and decorative interpretations. These include", "id": "14035066" }, { "contents": "St. Peter in Chains Church (Beringen)\n\n\nor Vandereyt) and date from the late 17th century. Jan Rutten from Sint-Truiden completed the stalls after the death of Laurens Vandenreyt. The Baroque high altar contains a painting representing Christ on the cross attributed to the Antwerp painter Erasmus Quellinus II. The side altars are portico altars and contain the Baroque paintings \" Assumption and Coronation of Mary\" and the \"Finding of the Cross\", both by Anton Goubau. The rood screen is neogothic. The organ was manufactured in 1853 by Henri Vermeersch from Duffel and is the", "id": "12887333" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck\n\n\nJan Snellinck or Jan Snellinck (I) (Mechelen, c. 1548 – Antwerp, 1 October 1638) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and designer of tapestries, prints and frescoes. He is known for his large altarpieces and was also recognized as a leading battle painter in his time. Snellinck was active as an art dealer and art collector. Jan Snellinck was born in Mechelen as the son of Daniël Snellinck I, a painter and hawker, and Cornelia Verhulst (alias: Bessemeers). His mother came from a family", "id": "12059012" }, { "contents": "Paul de Vos\n\n\n. De Vos was able to develop his own personal style that accentuated abrupt movement, the gruesome aspects of hunts, used warmer colours and a broader brush stroke than Snyders. He also expanded the iconographic tradition with scenes of fighting cats and horses attacked by wolves. As was common amongst artists in 17th-century Antwerp, De Vos frequently collaborated with other painters. He collaborated with Rubens, Anthony van Dyck (, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg), Erasmus Quellinus II, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert, Adriaen van Utrecht and Jan Wildens", "id": "4556665" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nPieter Verbrugghen I (alternative spellings: \"Pieter Verbruggen I\", \"Peter van der Brugghen I\", \"Pieter van der Brugghen I\", \"Peter Verbrugghen I\", \"Peeter Verbrugghen I\") (1615, Antwerp – 1686, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor from the Baroque. He was apprenticed in 1625 as a 'beeltsnijder' (sculptor) to Simon de Neef, who was an 'antijcsnijder' (ornamental sculptor). Later he worked under Erasmus Quellinus I and in 1641 he married his", "id": "11276650" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nThomas Quellinus (March 1661 – September 1709), also known, especially in Denmark, as Thomas Qvellinus, was a Flemish baroque sculptor. He was born in Antwerp but worked mainly in Copenhagen, Denmark. He is especially known for the production of grandiose and sumptuous memorial chapels, sepulchral monuments and epitaphs, which can be found in churches throughout Denmark and northern Germany’s Schleswig-Holstein area. His chapels and monuments are dramatically composed, executed in rare, differently coloured types of marble and framed by monumental architectural components.", "id": "11778978" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nscenes and designs for tapestries. Like Rubens, Quellinus was a \"pictor doctus\" with a strong grounding in ancient history and philosophy. He had built an extensive library and art collection. This learning is reflected in the subject matter of his work. Even while he was a frequent collaborator with Rubens’ workshop in the 1630s, Quellinus developed a personal style distinctive from that of Rubens. This style is reminiscent of the Antwerp followers of Caravaggio such as Theodoor Rombouts and Gerard Seghers. Characteristics of this style are the strong modeling", "id": "11150851" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Bosschaert\n\n\nJan Baptist Bosschaert or Jan Baptist Bosschaert the Younger (baptized on 17 December 1667 in Antwerp –1746 in Antwerp) was a Flemish still life painter who is principally known for his decorative still lifes with flowers. He collaborated with figure artists on compositions which combined allegorical or mythological scenes with a still life element. He was active in Antwerp. Jan Baptist Bosschaert was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter-baker Jan Baptist and his second wife Joanna de Bie, the sister of the painter Erasmus de Bie. His", "id": "20819606" }, { "contents": "Wallerant Vaillant\n\n\nWallerant Vaillant (30 May 1623 – 28 August 1677) was a painter of the Dutch Golden Age and one of the first artists to use the mezzotint technique, which he probably helped to develop. Wallerant Vaillant was born in Lille, the oldest of five brothers who all became successful painters. It is said Wallerant was a student of Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) in Antwerp. He moved with his parents in 1643 to Amsterdam. In 1647 he lived in Middelburg, but in 1649 he was back in Amsterdam. In", "id": "8302348" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nHans Bernaert (or Beernart) (1615) and Christoffel de la Fontaine (1633–34). His work is not well known since only a few of his works have survived. Erasmus is primarily known as a sculptor who drew inspiration from antiquity. He worked in the late Renaissance style although his later work shows a development towards early Baroque. The bulk of his commissions consisted of the renovation and replacement of church furniture that had been destroyed during the iconoclastic troubles of the 16th century. Besides decorative work, he is known to", "id": "7355033" }, { "contents": "Rombaut Pauwels\n\n\nbrother of François Duquesnoy, and the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus also worked in this workshop in Rome. They and Rombaut Pauwels brought the moderate Baroque style of François Duquesnoy with them when they returned to the Southern Netherlands. After his return to Flanders, Rombaut Pauwels was active mainly in his hometown Mechelen and in Ghent. Rombaut Pauwels’ pupils included the brothers Hendrik and Jan Matthys. Rombaut Pauwels was a capable sculptor who worked in the classicizing Baroque style pioneered by François Duquesnoy but he lacked the virtuoso technique of his contemporaries Artus Quellinus", "id": "9167166" }, { "contents": "Lucas de Wael\n\n\nLucas de Wael (3 March 1591 – 25 October 1661) was a Flemish painter, engraver and merchant. He was born in Antwerp and worked for some time in Genoa in Italy before returning to Antwerp, where he died. Lucas de Wael was born into an artistic family in Antwerp as the son of the painter Jan de Wael I (1558-1633). His mother Gertrude de Jode came from a family of artists: her father was the cartographer Gerard de Jode and her brother was the engraver Peter de Jode", "id": "2957457" }, { "contents": "Jan van Balen\n\n\nGaspard, Theodoor van Thulden, Jan de Labare and Erasmus Quellinus the Younger on the execution of designs for the gallery on the Meir and the triumphal arch at St. John's Church in Antwerp. The overall design of the decorations was under the direction of Rubens. [[File:Jan Brueghel II, Jan van Balen - The Feast of Bacchus (Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus).jpg|thumb|\"The Feast of Bacchus\", with [[Jan Brueghel the Younger]] Jan van Balen left on 8 September 1639 with his brother Gaspard on", "id": "19729208" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nfor the Council Chamber, is repeated in a painting by Erasmus. This development towards classicist rigidity may reflect the influence of French art with its preference for classicism. Erasmus’ work also gained a theatrical aspect as reflected in the 1652 painting \"Artemisia\" (Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, University of Glasgow). The painting has a theatrical background like a park. This tendency became more evident in the 1660s when his paintings started to include grandiose scenery with flamboyant architecture. This is clear in the \"Let the Children Come", "id": "11150854" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nin particular the marble decorations he and his workshop produced, became an example for other buildings in Amsterdam. The team of sculptors that Artus supervised during his work on the Amsterdam city hall included many sculptors who would become leading sculptors in their own right such as his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Rombout Verhulst, Bartholomeus Eggers and Gabriël Grupello and probably also Grinling Gibbons. He returned to work in Antwerp in 1658 and remained active mainly in this city until his death. His many pupils included his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Martin Deurweerders", "id": "8459223" }, { "contents": "David Teniers III\n\n\nDavid Teniers III, also referred to as David Teniers junior (baptized 10 July 1638 – 2 October 1685) was a Flemish painter and tapestry designer who was mainly active in Antwerp, Madrid and Brussels. He is known for his portraits, religious compositions and genre scenes. David Teniers III was born in Antwerp where he was baptized on July 10 in the St. James' Church. He was a scion of two very prominent artist families from Antwerp: his father was the painter David Teniers the Younger and his mother was Anna", "id": "17442937" }, { "contents": "Gerard Douffet\n\n\nGerard Douffet (6 aug 1594 – 1660/1661), also known as Doufeet or Duffeit, was a Flemish painter. He was born at Liège in 1594, and studied for some time at Antwerp in the school of Rubens, and afterwards in Italy. He composed and designed with good taste, and his historical pictures are much esteemed. 'Pope Nicholas V. at the Tomb of St. Francis of Assisi ' (painted in 1627), 'St. Helena and the true Cross' (painted for the Abbey of St. Lawrence,", "id": "6883668" }, { "contents": "Jan van Buken\n\n\nJan van Buken or Jan van Beucken (10 March 1635 – 6 February 1690) was a Flemish painter mainly known for his genre paintings and still lifes. Jan van Buken was born in Antwerp. He became a master in the Guild of Saint Luke in 1658 where he was registered under the name 'Jan van Beucken'. In the period from 1666 to 1682 he worked in Rome while regularly travelling back to Antwerp. He returned to live in Antwerp after the death of his parents. Jan Baptist Beveren was registered as", "id": "15324731" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ntheir work in this period. His \"Adoration of the Holy Sacrament\" (1646) was painted in this style. From c. 1650 this classicism in his work became rigid and his compositions from this period made use of a limited number of stereotyped and idealized figure types. This stylistic development is evident in the interior decorations he made for the new City Hall of Amsterdam, which he executed in collaboration with his brother Artus. The brothers achieved stylistic agreement in this commission: the \"Judgement of Solomon\", which Artus sculpted", "id": "11150853" }, { "contents": "Nikolaus van Hoy\n\n\nhe would have met in Rome and had later joined him in Brussels. At about 1667 he became the court painter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria. He retained this post until his death in Vienna in 1679. He was succeeded at the court by his son Nickolaus van Hoey the Younger (Antwerp 1660- Vienna ca. 1710). He made landscapes and portraits. He engraved religious scenes and mythological figures adapted from originals of Veronese, Barocci and Raphael. He was one of the", "id": "16812974" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\ngenres including cattle market scenes, Italianate landscapes and village scenes. He is probably best known for his depiction of festivals and processions set in his native Antwerp. His village scenes are reminiscent of the genre scenes of David Teniers the Younger. He also took his inspiration from other Flemish artists. For instance, his composition \"\" likely drew its inspiration from similar paintings representing processions in cities by Flemish artists such as Pieter van Aelst and Erasmus de Bie. He painted many scenes of cattle markets, which offered him the opportunity to", "id": "3658943" }, { "contents": "Jan van den Hecke\n\n\nKunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Archduke Leopold Wilhem must have particularly liked his flower pieces as all of van den Hecke's paintings which he collected were pictures of flowers in vases and baskets and garland paintings. Van Hecke returned to Antwerp around 1657. In 1660 he married Maria Adriana Heyens with whom he had three children. His son, known as Jan van den Hecke II, was born in 1661 and became a popular painter of flowers as well as other types of still life. His two known pupils were Peeter vander Elstraeten (", "id": "14931009" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nLeo van Heil (Brussels, 1605 – c.1664), was a Flemish architect, painter and miniature painter mainly of flowers and insects. He is chiefly remembered for his designs of the Brigittines chapel and the tower of the Saint Nicholas Church, both in Brussels. Leo van Heil was born in Brussels. He had two brothers who were also artists: Jan Baptist van Heil was a portrait painter and Daniel van Heil was a landscape painter specialising in winter scenes or burning fires. When in 1648 Erasmus Quellinus was given the general", "id": "8052850" }, { "contents": "Jan Verhas\n\n\ngovernment awarded him a special subsidy of 1,200 francs and commissioned from him a composition depicting the Battle of Kallo. In 1862 he travelled via Paris and Lyon to Italy, where he made stops in Turin, Milan and Venice. He remained in Venice for two to three months, studying and copying the masters. Lack of funds forced him to leave Italy. He travelled back via Paris where his brother Frans was working at the time. Jan assisted his brother in the execution of several decorative projects. Afterwards he resided in Antwerp", "id": "9399028" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\nPeeter the Elder and Joris became painters. Alexander trained under his father. He became a master in the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1685. On 11 August 1685, he married Cornelia Sporckmans, daughter of the Antwerp history painter Hubert Sporckmans. They had three daughters and six sons of whom Jan Frans became a painter. Alexander van Bredael died in Antwerp. His pupils include his son Jan Frans, Peeter Busschop, Johan Baptist Govaerts, Guielmus van Ryn and Pieter Snyers. Alexander van Bredael painted in a wide variety of", "id": "3658942" }, { "contents": "Filippo Zaniberti\n\n\nFilippo Zaniberti (1585–1636) was an Italian painter of the late Mannerist period. He was born in Brescia and active in Venice, where he became a pupil of Santo Peranda. Zaniberti's style recalls the richness of Paolo Veronese. He painted a \"Mannah in the desert\" for the main altarpiece of the church of Santa Maria Nuova of Venice. He worked alongside the fellow Peranda disciple, Matteo Ponzone, in the decoration of the Ducal palace of Mirandola. He painted a \"Marriage of St Catherine\" for the church", "id": "19300082" }, { "contents": "St. Paul's Church, Antwerp\n\n\ntwisted marble columns. The painting \"Adoration of the shepherds\" by Rubens forms the altar piece. The Maria Chapel also contains a white marble sculpture of \"Our Lady of Sorrows\" by Jan Pieter van Baurscheit de Elder. The church holds elaborate tomb monuments attributed to Johannes van Mildert, Pieter Verbrugghen II and Andries Colyns de Nole. The 17th century organ is regarded as one of the most important organs of Belgium. The monumental organ case was sculpted by Pieter Verbrugghen I after a design by Erasmus Quellinus II. In 1623", "id": "10432986" }, { "contents": "David Teniers the Elder\n\n\nDavid Teniers the Elder (158229 July 1649), Flemish painter, was born at Antwerp. Having received his first training in the painter's art from his brother Juliaen, he studied under Rubens in Antwerp, and subsequently under Elsheimer in Rome; he became a member of the Antwerp guild of painters in 1606. Though his ambition led him at times to try his skill in large religious, historical and mythological compositions, his claim to fame depends chiefly on his landscapes and paintings of peasants carousing, of kermesse scenes and the", "id": "12948361" } ]

[ { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke as a 'wijnmeester', i.e. the son of a member of the Guild. The next year he married Cornelia Teniers, the daughter of painter David Teniers the Younger. Jan Erasmus Quellinus received many commissions including a large commission for paintings destined for Antwerp’s Saint Michael's Abbey. Around 1680 Quellinus worked in Vienna for the Habsburg court as a court painter to Emperor Leopold I. Among other works, the most important commission he completed was a series of 15 ceiling paintings on events in the life", "id": "7354727" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nJan-Erasmus Quellinus or Jan Erasmus Quellinus (1634 in Antwerp – 11 March 1715 in Mechelen) was a Flemish painter and draughtsman and a member of the famous Quellinus family of artists. He was one of the last prominent representatives of the great Flemish school of history and portrait painting in the 17th century. His work displays the classicizing influences of his father Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and Paolo Veronese. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his grandfather Erasmus Quellinus", "id": "7354724" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nwritten as \" Sederboom\"), which means 'cedar tree'. He is also reported to have used another nickname: 'Corpus'. Quellinus later moved to Venice where he resided from circa 1660 to 1661. Here he was influenced by the style of Veronese as is shown by his drawings from that time. During his stay in Northern Italy he was also introduced to the architecture of Palladio, which informed some of the decorative motifs he used in his later compositions. Upon his return to Antwerp in 1661 he joined", "id": "7354726" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof his father’s Classicism. As a result art historians have difficulty attributing some works to either artist. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus developed further on the Classicism of his father linking it with the influence of Paolo Veronese from whom he borrowed grandeur and various dynamic details. Unlike his father he liked to incorporate in his paintings grand architectural elements which were derived from the Palladian buildings he had seen in Northern Italy. As was common practice at the time, he collaborated with specialist painters in Antwerp such as the still life painter Jan Fyt", "id": "7354730" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Elder, his father Erasmus the Younger, and his uncles Artus Quellinus the Elder and Hubertus Quellinus. He was trained by his father from 1649. Jan-Erasmus travelled to Italy where he initially resided in Rome from 1657 to 1659. He became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Jan-Erasmus was given the bent name \"Seederboom\" (also", "id": "7354725" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\none of the leading artistic families in Antwerp, producing sculptors, painters and printmakers who would develop careers in Flanders and abroad. Father Erasmus Quellinus I, a sculptor, had moved from Sint-Truiden to Antwerp. The brothers of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger were both artists: Artus (1609-1668) was a leading Baroque sculptor and Hubertus (1619-1687) an engraver. Erasmus Quellinus II became a student of Jan-Baptist Verhaeghe, an obscure artist, in 1633. He became a master of the Antwerp Guild", "id": "11150843" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Me\" of 1664 (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels). These later compositions possible reflect an influence by the early work of his son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. As was common in Antwerp at the time, Quellinus collaborated with other painters. He worked with still life specialists on still lifes and portraits. Many of the still lifes fall into the category of ‘garland paintings’. Garland paintings are a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder.", "id": "11150855" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus the Younger and Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) was a Flemish painter, engraver, draughtsman and tapestry designer who worked in various genres including history, portrait, battle and animal paintings. He was a pupil of Peter Paul Rubens and was one of the closest collaborators of Rubens in the 1630s. Following Rubens’ death in 1640 he became one of the most prolific and successful painters in Flanders. Erasmus Quellinus II was born in Antwerp as the son of Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden. The Quellinus family became", "id": "11150842" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus I or Erasmus Quellinus the Elder (alternate names: Erasmus Quellinck, Erasme Quellin (I)) (Sint-Truiden, 1584 - Antwerp, 22 January 1640) was a Flemish sculptor best known for classically inspired ornamentation work and copies after the antique. He was the founder of an important Antwerp dynasty of artists. Details of his early life and training have not survived. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1606. He married Betje van Uden, the sister of the painter Lucas van", "id": "7355031" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nHis brothers became prominent artists: Erasmus was a painter and Hubertus was an engraver and painter. His sister Cornelia married his father’s pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. Artus Quellinus received his first training from his father. In the period from 1635 to 1639 he trained in Rome in the studio of his compatriot François Duquesnoy. He spent time in Lyon together with the Flemish painter Laureys Franck and was in contact there with the Dutch engraver Nicolaas van Helt Stockade and the Dutch painter Jan Asselijn. He returned to Antwerp", "id": "8459221" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\n, Joseph van den Kerckhoven, Davit van den Heuvel, Francis Cools, Allowisius de Meyere, Jan-Baptist Hyacint Breydel, Gaspar (or Jasper) de Cantelbeeck (1685-86), Jan François Blondeau and Jacobus Blondeau (1697-98). From 1712 the artist resided and worked in Mechelen where he died on 11 March 1715. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was principally a history painter who also painted the occasional portrait. He had an extensive output supported by a large workshop. His style is closely related to that", "id": "7354729" }, { "contents": "Anthoni Schoonjans\n\n\nMarch 1655. He became in the Guild year 1668-1669 in Antwerp an apprentice of Erasmus Quellinus II and that master's son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. From 1674 to 1677 the artist resided in Reims and he also spent some time in Paris. In 1674 his mother met up with her son Anthoni in Reims. He left France and from 6 January 1675 he resided in Rome, where he familiarised himself with the Italian Baroque. He shared in Rome a residence with the flower painter Carel de Vogelaer in Via Margutta.", "id": "9299848" }, { "contents": "Nicolaes van Verendael\n\n\nteacher of someone referred to as 'priest Cano' and the flower painter Jean Baptiste Morel. Van Verendael mainly painted flower pieces, vanitas still lifes and a few allegorical scenes with monkeys. His dated works are from the period between 1659 and 1690. He was highly regarded from an early age when he started working with some of the leading Antwerp painters such as David Teniers the Younger, Gonzales Coques, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Boeckhorst, Carstian Luyckx and Jan Davidsz. de Heem. His early work shows the influence of", "id": "18460769" }, { "contents": "Theodoor Boeyermans\n\n\n' dated works are dated between 1660 and 1677. He was mainly a painter of history and allegorical paintings. The artist received many important commissions for churches in his native Antwerp, the Kempen region and in Malines, but made his name in his hometown by painting secular compositions. He also painted group portraits. Together with Jan-Erasmus Quellinus, Boeyermans was one of the last important 17th-century Flemish history painters. His style was influenced by Rubens and van Dyck but he favoured a darker palette than those two artists.", "id": "6673291" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin 1662. On 9 November 1663, Erasmus Quellinus II married Françoise de Fren. De Fren was the daughter of the well-off André de Fren, secretary of the Council of Brabant, and the sister of Isabella de Fren, who was married to the court painter David Teniers II. In 1665 Quellinus designed a cenotaph for the deceased Philip IV of Spain and the decorations for the Joyous Entry of Don Francisco de Moura as governor of the Habsburg Netherlands. Erasmus Quellinus II died in Antwerp on 7 November 1678. His", "id": "11150849" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Antwerp from Rome around 1640. Artus worked in a classicizing style of Baroque under the influence of his compatriot, the sculptor François Duquesnoy, in whose workshop in Rome he had worked. This style had in turn been influenced by the Classicism of Annibale Carracci. The two brothers would from then on work together on various projects and mutually influence each other. After Rubens’ death in 1640 Erasmus Quellinus became one of the leading history painters of Flanders. He received many commissions for altarpieces in the region. In 1648 he was", "id": "11150847" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ncommissioned to make the decorations for the Joyous Entry of the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm into Antwerp, thus playing the same role as Rubens 13 years earlier for the Joyous Entry of Ferdinand. He made the decorations for the announcement of the Treaty of Westphalia in the same year. Around 1656 Erasmus worked in Amsterdam where his brother Artus was responsible for the decoration of the new City Hall. Erasmus assisted in this project and the brothers also collaborated on other commissions. Erasmus painted altarpieces for clandestine Catholic churches in Amsterdam. His first wife died", "id": "11150848" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\npupils included his son Jan Erasmus Quellinus, Guilliam Forchondt (II), Julius de Geest, Willem de Ryck, Anthoni Schoonjans, Wallerant Vaillant and Remacle Serin. Erasmus Quellinus II was a very versatile artist who worked in various genres. He received numerous commissions for altarpieces depicting Counter-Reformation themes for churches and monasteries throughout the Southern Netherlands. He also received many civic commissions which allowed him to show his learning in the depiction of scenes from ancient history and mythology and allegorical compositions. In addition, he produced portraits, battle", "id": "11150850" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof Saint Luke in 1633-1634. In the 1630s, the artist worked and likely studied in the workshop of Rubens and regularly collaborated on projects with Rubens. In 1634 Erasmus II married Catharina de Hemelaer, a niece of Jan de Hemelaer, the deacon of Antwerp Cathedral. Their son Jan Erasmus followed in his father’s footsteps and became a painter. From the notes made by his son Jan Erasmus in the margin of his copy of Cornelis de Bie’s book of artist biographies entitled Het Gulden Cabinet, it is known", "id": "11150844" }, { "contents": "Jan van Kessel the Elder\n\n\na figure painter was responsible for the figure or other image in the cartouche. His collaborators on garland paintings are believed to have included his uncle David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus the Elder, Hendrick van Balen the Elder, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly Jan Boeckhorst. An example of a collaborative garland painting made by Jan van Kessel and David Teniers the Younger is the composition (c. 1660-1670, Louvre). In this work Jan van Kessel painted a decorative garland representing the four elements around a cartouche showing a young", "id": "16247184" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin the Hermitage Museum, a collaboration with Frans Ykens. Quellinus further collaborated with the animal and still life painter Jan Fyt on portraits such as the \"Portrait of a young boy\" (Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp) of c. 1650. Quellinus also collaborated with animal painters Peter Boel and genre painter Jan van Kessel the Elder. Erasmus Quellinus II executed various tapestry designs. In 1649 he produced the designs for a tapestry series depicting the \"History of the Thurn and Taxis Family\" (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of", "id": "11150857" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nHe was a member of the well-known Quellinus family of artists from 17th century Antwerp, major center of artistic life then known as \"the Florence of the North\". Thomas Quellinus was born in Antwerp to the leading Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus II and Anna Maria Gabron, and was baptised on 17 March 1661. He trained in his father’s workshop in the art of sculpture. After completing his apprenticeship with his father, he went to London, England, where he worked with his brother Artus Quellinus III. While", "id": "11778979" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nArtus Quellinus also known as Artus (Arnoldus) Quellijn, Artus Quellinus I or Artus Quellinus the Elder (20 or 30 August 1609, Antwerp  – 23 August 1668, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor. He is regarded as the most important representative of the Baroque in sculpture in the Southern Netherlands. His work had a major influence on the development of sculpture in Northern Europe. Artus Quellinus the Elder was born into an artistic family. He was the son of the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden.", "id": "8459220" }, { "contents": "Jan Pieter Brueghel\n\n\nJan Pieter Brueghel or Jan Pieter Breughel (29 August 1628 (baptised) – 1664) was a Flemish Baroque painter specialised in flower still lifes. Brueghel was born in Antwerp. He was the son of Jan Brueghel the Younger and Anna-Maria Janssens. He joined the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645 as \"wijnmeester\". He died in Italy, after 1664, and is known for flower still lifes. He created many garland paintings on which he collaborated with other painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II who painted the", "id": "10461841" }, { "contents": "Pieter Boel\n\n\nBoel got to know the work of the Genoese artist Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione and the still life painter Giuseppe Recco. He learned from these Italian masters to heighten the dramatic effect of his canvases by emphasizing the shadows. He also used red drapes in the background, a Baroque element par excellence, to enhance the atmosphere of his compositions. Boel is known to have collaborated with fellow Antwerp artists Erasmus Quellinus II and Jacob Jordaens, who painted the human figures in his compositions. Boel was accomplished in large-scale vanitas paintings depicting an", "id": "20560716" }, { "contents": "Pieter Bruegel the Elder\n\n\n(grandson of Jan Bruegel the Elder) and Jan van Kessel the Younger. Through David Teniers, the family is also related to the whole Teniers family of painters and the Quellinus family of painters and sculptors, since Jan-Erasmus Quellinus married Cornelia, daughter of David Teniers the Younger. Bruegel's art was long more highly valued by collectors than critics. His friend Abraham Ortelius described him in a friendship album in 1574 as \"the most perfect painter of his century\", but both Vasari and Van Mander see him as", "id": "17084192" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nflowers. The subject of vanitas as depicted here was unusual for van Utrecht and shows that his role in the development of new types of still life has not been sufficiently recognized in art-historical literature. As was common in Antwerp’s art sector at the time, van Utrecht collaborated with other specialist artists, typically figure painters. He is known to have provided the still life elements in paintings by Jacob Jordaens, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Cossiers, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. He is believed to have also collaborated with David Teniers", "id": "18461245" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nHubertus Quellinus or Hubert Quellinus (August 15, 1619, Antwerp – 1687) was a Flemish printmaker, draughtsman and painter and a member of the prominent Quellinus family of artists. His engravings after the work of his brother, the Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder, were instrumental in the spread of the Flemish Baroque idiom in Europe in the second half of the 17th century. Hubertus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his father Erasmus Quellinus the Elder and his brothers,", "id": "8520392" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus III\n\n\nArtus Quellinus III (1653, Antwerp – December 1686, London) was a Flemish sculptor active in London. His name is often anglicised to Arnold Quellan, Arnold Quellin or Arnold Quellinus or mistakenly given as \"Jan Quellinus\". He was the son of Artus Quellinus II and brother to the sculptor Thomas Quellinus and the painter Cornelis Quellinus He trained in his father's workshop in Antwerp before moving to London in 1682. He was married to Frances Siberechts, youngest daughter of the Antwerp-born painter Jan Siberechts, who had", "id": "13748725" }, { "contents": "Flemish Baroque painting\n\n\npainters combined a local influence from Rubens with knowledge of classicism and Italian Baroque qualities. Artists in the vein include Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Jan van den Hoecke, Pieter van Lint, Cornelis Schut, and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Later in the century, many painters turned to Anthony van Dyck as a major influence. Among them were Pieter Thijs, Lucas Franchoys the Younger, and artists who were also inspired by Late Baroque theatricality such as Theodoor Boeyermans and Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. Additionally, a Flemish variant of \"Caravaggism\"", "id": "6030293" }, { "contents": "Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen\n\n\nthe principal representatives of Flemish high baroque sculpture. The father had been a pupil of Erasmus Quellinus I, who was himself the founder of a prominent family of artists. The father married the daughter of his master Erasmus Quellinus. From this marriage Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was born. His brother Pieter Verbrugghen II was also a sculptor and worked in the workshop of his father. Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was trained by his father. Nonetheless, he did not start his career as a sculptor but as a draughtsman working with the illuminator Jan Ruyselinck", "id": "10070115" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nand Londerzeel. Many of his paintings can be regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. He often worked from prints made after the works of these masters to create his own compositions. An example is the (Prado Museum), which is based on a print after Rafael", "id": "11181884" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Rubens pupil Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and the prominent sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. In 1650 he traveled to Rome where he joined the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Hubertus was given the bent name \"Saracin\". Quellinus was in Amsterdam by 1660 where he collaborated on a publication, which consisted of two parts: the first part consisted of 30 plates depicting the Amsterdam", "id": "8520393" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\ncompleted the frontal decoration of the organ in the Antwerp cathedral, based on a design made by Erasmus Quellinus II. He and his workshop made the oak confessionals in the St. Paul's Church in Antwerp (between 1658 and 1660). He made the oak organ case in that church in collaboration with Artus Quellinus the Elder in 1654, and together with his son Pieter Verbrugghen II he executed the designs for the high altar in 1670. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known creations. The", "id": "11276653" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nArtus Quellinus II or Artus Quellinus the Younger (alternative first name: Arnold; variation on family name: Quellijn, Quellyn, Quellien, Quellin, Quellinius) (between 10 and 20 November 1625, Sint-Truiden – 22 November 1700, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor who played an important role in the evolution of Northern-European sculpture from High Baroque to Late Baroque. Artus Quellinus II was born into an artistic family. His uncle was the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I, whose son was Artus Quellinus I,", "id": "13073282" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Some of these works are now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. He returned to Antwerp where between the years 1685 and 1712 he worked on many commissions for churches in Antwerp and throughout Flanders. He also had many pupils including Anthoni Schoonjans, Simon de Marets, Jan Carel van Eyck, Guiliam Draeger (1668-69), Christoffel Franciscus Ponsel, Jacobus de Play (1669-1670), Peeter Heymans, Franciscus Carnonckel, Franciscus Cuylen, Hieronymus Galle (1673-74)", "id": "7354728" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nthat Erasmus II obtained a degree in philosophy. This explains the fact that he wrote a philosophical tract entitled \"Philosophia\", which was recorded in the 1679 inventory of his estate. Quellinus became a regular collaborator with Rubens from 1635. He first worked on the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the new governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand. Rubens was in overall charge of this project. Quellinus made decorative paintings after designs by Rubens of which six have survived. In the period 1636-1638 Rubens", "id": "11150845" }, { "contents": "Joannes Chrysostomus Teniers\n\n\n. As abbot he took the motto \"Tene Quod Bene\" (\"Hold on to what is good\", 1 Thessalonians 5, verse 21). Teniers died in Antwerp on 30 November 1709. His portrait painted by Jan-Erasmus Quellinus is inside Tongerlo Abbey. Teniers had some reputation as a preacher and a manuscript of his sermons for feastdays was preserved in the monastery library, as well as two volumes of his notes on the works of St Augustine. One of Teniers' poems was published in the preliminary matter", "id": "1158593" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nThese paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Erasmus Quellinus II collaborated on garland paintings with still life specialists, such as his brother-in-law Jan Philip van Thielen, Daniel Seghers, Jan Pieter Brueghel, Frans Ykens, Peter Willebeeck and Jan Anton van der Baren. These collaborators painted the flower garland while Quellinus painted the figures and architectural setting. An example is the \"Holy Family in a Wreath of Flowers\"", "id": "11150856" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\n’ workshop received a large commission to make mythological decorations for the hunting pavilion Torre de la Parada of the Spanish king Philip IV near Madrid. For this project Quellinus painted decorations after oil sketches by Rubens some of which have been preserved (Prado Museum). In early 1637 Quellinus drew frontispieces for the Antwerp printing house Plantin Press according to Rubens’ instructions regarding iconography and layout. These drawings were in Quellinus’ own style as Rubens let him a free hand in the design of the modelli. His brother Artus Quellinus I returned", "id": "11150846" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nwith living people and animals. Van Utrecht also painted a number of flower still lifes. He was a regular collaborator with leading Antwerp painters who had been pupils or assistants of Peter Paul Rubens, such as Jacob Jordaens, David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus II, Gerard Seghers, Theodoor Rombouts, Abraham van Diepenbeeck and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Adriaen van Utrecht was born in Antwerp as the son of Abel van Utrecht en Anne Huybrecht. In 1614 he became a pupil of Herman de Neyt, a painter and art dealer who", "id": "18461230" }, { "contents": "Baroque sculpture\n\n\nof a family of famous sculptors and painters, and son of another sculptor, Erasmus Quellinus. He settled in Antwerp in 1639. He became close to Rubens, and his work applied many of the principles of the compositions of Rubens to sculpture. Another important Belgian Baroque sculptor was Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen (1654–1724), who carved very elaborate sculptures, full of biblical scenes, flora and fauna,allegories and symbols for the ceremonial puppets the cathedrals and churches in Brussels, Louvain, Antwerp, Mechelen, and other cities. Early", "id": "16040697" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nwas back in Antwerp in 1657 and became an Antwerp burgher on 11 May 1663. His wife died on 15 October 1668 and the next year Artus remarried to Cornelia Volders. In the latter part of his life Quellinus received many commissions, primarily for church furnishings and tomb sculptures. His pupils include Alexander van Papenhoven, Thomas Quellinus, Jan van den Steen, (1633–1723), the Master of the St. Luke in Antwerp, Cornelis van Scheyck (1679–1680); Balten Rubbens (1685–1686); Adriaen Govaerts (1690–91) and", "id": "13073285" }, { "contents": "Peter Ykens\n\n\ntrained 28 pupils including Karel Breydel, Erasmus Causse, Gaspaer Janssens, Jan Thomas van Kessel, Henderick van Mael, Francis Scalie, Jan Baptist Kretsaert and Jacob Leyssens. His eldest son Jan Frans became a staffage painter who collaborated with still life painters of flowers and fruit. He died in Antwerp. He painted portraits and Christian religious representations and made a large number of altarpieces and paintings for local churches and palaces. As was the custom in Antwerp at the time, he often worked together with other painters who were specialists in", "id": "8049116" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\n. The couple had six children of whom three became artists: Artus Quellinus III and Thomas Quellinus were both successful sculptors whereas Cornelis Quellinus became a painter about whom little is known. The young Artus joined his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Amsterdam around 1653 where he became one of the members of the team of artists that worked under the direction of Artus I on the decoration of the newly built City Hall on the Dam Square. The artist traveled to Italy and probably visited Turin, Florence and Rome between 1655 and 1657. He", "id": "13073284" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nUden. The couple had three sons: Erasmus, who would become a painter and engraver, Artus, who would follow in his father’s footsteps and become a sculptor, and Hubertus, who became an engraver and painter. His daughter Cornelia Quellinus married his pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. He was the teacher of Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder, Melchior Charles, Wallerant Vaillant, Joos Sterck (1607); Rombout Claes (1609), Melchior van der Lanen (1612), Hans Franscoys (1614),", "id": "7355032" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nfurther inspired by the cult of veneration and devotion to Mary prevalent at the Habsburg court (then the rulers over the Southern Netherlands) and in Antwerp generally. Garland paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image, portrait or other religious symbol (such as the host). The paintings are usually a collaboration between a flower painter and a staffage painter. Van Thielen produced multiple garland paintings in collaboration with other artists. His collaborators included his brother-in-law Erasmus Quellinus II, Nicolas de Largilliere, Jan van", "id": "12866287" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nhe was the brother-in-law of Erasmus Quellinus II. Erasmus Quelllinus was married to the sister of his wife and would become one of the leading history painters in Flanders after the deaths of Rubens and van Dyck. Quellinus drew van Thielens’ portrait that was engraved by Richard Collin for Cornelis de Bie's book of artist biographies Het Gulden Cabinet. Van Thielen and his wife had 9 children. Because he liked flower painting he changed masters in 1641 and began training with Daniel Seghers, the leading flower painter in Flanders", "id": "12866282" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nbe regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. Typical examples of his work are the painting \"A Poor Company at Table in a Rustic Kitchen\" held by the National Trust at Tyntesfield and oil on copper religious paintings, such as \"Daniel in the Lion's Den\"", "id": "11181882" }, { "contents": "Mattheus Borrekens\n\n\nAntwerp on 25 December 1670. Mattheus Borrekens was mainly a reproductive printmaker. He made prints after the work of leading Flemish painters of his time such as Rubens, van Dyck, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Abraham van Diepenbeeck, Jan Thomas van Ieperen, Pieter van Lint and Cornelis Schut. He mainly concentrated on Christian religious subjects and portraits. He also engraved frontispieces of publications such as Christophe Butkens's\"Trophées tant sacrés et profanes du Duché de Brabant\". 1724-1726. For this publication he engraved after a design by van Diepenbeeck", "id": "2345697" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nmaster’s daughter, Cornelia Quellinus. Through his marriage he became the brother in law of the leading Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1641 and in 1659 he became the deacon of the Guild. His first wife died in 1662, and he remarried in 1665, to Elisabeth Lemmens. He was the father of the sculptors Pieter Verbrugghen II and Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen. His daughter Suzanna married the sculptor Peeter Meesens. His pupils included some of the leading representatives of the", "id": "11276651" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nhave made individual statues, none of which have survived. In 1635 he was awarded the contract to make the pulpit of the St. Elisabeth Hospital in Antwerp. This work is an example of early Baroque in Antwerp and shows Erasmus’ mastery of balance and symmetry, even though there is no sense of realism. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known commissions. He made the original design for the pulpit, which, after his death, was somewhat changed by his son Artus while Pieter Verbrugghen", "id": "7355034" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Barbé\n\n\nNicolaas Lauwers for infringement of privileges relating to prints he had created, he received the support of Rubens. Barbé married Christien (or Christina) Wierix, the daughter of the prominent engraver and publisher Hieronymus Wierix on 30 March 1620. According to the contemporary notes of the painter Erasmus Quellinus II, Barbé was a very ugly person, while his daughter, who was a gifted engraver, was counted among 'the most beautiful women of Antwerp'. Hieronymus Wierix , the father of his wife, had died in 1619 before the", "id": "20064889" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nthe most successful Flemish Baroque sculptor of the mid 17th century. Artus II is likely to have received his training as a sculptor from his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Antwerp to where he must have moved from his native city of Sint-Truiden (then in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, now in the Belgian province of Limburg). Artus Quellinus II became a master of the Guild of Saint Luke in Antwerp in 1650–51. Artus Quellinus II married Anna Maria Gabron, the sister of the painter Willem Gabron, in 1653", "id": "13073283" }, { "contents": "Daniel Seghers\n\n\n, the collaborators are not always known with certainty. It is known he often worked with Cornelis Schut, Erasmus Quellinus II, Abraham van Diepenbeek, Simon de Vos, Jan van den Hoecke, Gonzales Coques and Rubens. Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert is also mentioned as his collaborator. It is possible that Seghers collaborated with Rubens on a garland painting for the Saint Carolus Borromeus church in Antwerp. During his stay in Rome he also collaborated with Poussin and Domenichino. Unlike in his later collaborations, Seghers is believed to have added flower garlands", "id": "7240113" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nErasmus de Bie (1629 in Antwerp – 1675 in Antwerp) was a Flemish Baroque painter known for his city views and genre scenes. He depicted several lively scenes of large public celebrations in his hometown of Antwerp. It is not clear whether the views of Italianate cities and landscapes attributed to him are the work of Adriaen de Bie, a Flemish painter from Lier who worked in Italy for a while. Very little is known about the life of Erasmus de Bie. He was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter", "id": "4566739" }, { "contents": "Willem Gabron\n\n\n. He was first registered in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke as a ‘wijnmeester’ (i.e. son of a master of the Guild) in the guild year 1640-41, along with his younger brother Antoon. His sister Anna Maria married the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Younger. Gabron travelled to Rome, at the latest by 1646. Here he became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the", "id": "12740318" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nBaroque painter, and the engraving of the frontispiece was made by Jacob Neefs (Antwerp, June 3, 1610 – 1660), also after a design by Erasmus Quellinus the Younger. Christoffel Plantin (1520–1589), grandfather of Balthasar Moretus, set up his printing shop called 'De Gulden Passer' (Golden Compasses) in Antwerp in 1555, publishing both Catholic and Protestant literature. This Frenchman, who fled his native country to Antwerp to escape the persecution during the 1540s, was the best-known printer of his time", "id": "2235324" }, { "contents": "Jan Anton van der Baren\n\n\nare a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder. These paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Van der Baren collaborated on garland paintings with other painters, such as Erasmus Quellinus II and the Flemish émigré painter Nikolaus van Hoy. These collaborators painted the devotional image while van der Baren painted the flower garland. An example is the \"Garland of flowers surrounding the Holy Family", "id": "16752890" }, { "contents": "Jacob de Formentrou\n\n\nthe conclusion that the painting is not a collaboration between all the artists whose works are represented in the painting but rather represents the combined effort of de Formentrou and Erasmus Quellinus II, a leading Antwerp painter. F. G. Meijer on the other hand believes that the composition is a collaboration between all of the artists whose work are depicted. He attributes the composition and the various pictures depicted in it as follows: The painting can be read as a reference to connoisseurship, and in particular the connoisseur's activity of evaluating the authorship of", "id": "8771731" }, { "contents": "Nicolaas van Eyck\n\n\nstarted to study in 1632. He was a captain of a local schutterij and this may be a reason why he painted military scenes. He was friends with the flower painter Jan Philip van Thielen, who had also been a pupil of Rombouts. Van Eyck was godfather to at least one of van Thielen's nine children. He was the teacher of Pieter Hofman. His sons Nicolaas II and Jan Carel van Eyck became painters. Jan Carel was a student of Jan Erasmus Quellinus and spent time in Italy. Nicolaas van Eyck", "id": "8735899" }, { "contents": "Philips Augustijn Immenraet\n\n\nwould paint the landscape while the other specialist painters would take care of other aspects of the painting such as staffage, architecture, animals or still life elements. A collaboration with Erasmus Quellinus II is reported by the Dutch biographer Arnold Houbraken. The Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium holds the 1672 painting \"The Legend of William Tell shown to the Antwerp Guild of St Sebastian\", which is a collaboration between Immenraet, Wilhelm Schubert van Ehrenberg (who painted the architecture) and Karel-Emmanuel Biset. He also worked with", "id": "10869502" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nUniversity – the same city where Jan Baptist Zangrius was also active. Here Lobkowitz published a major work titled \"Theologia Moralis ad prima, eaque clarissima principia reducta\" printed by Perus Zangrius (Lovanii, typis ac sumptibus Petrus Zangrius, 1645). His book titled \"Philippus Prudens\" containing some hatched arms was published in 1639 by Balthasar Moretus in Antwerp. The coats of arms were engraved by Cornelius Galle the Younger, after the drawings of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger (Antwerp, 1607 - Antwerp, 1678), a Flemish", "id": "2235323" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nFrans de Bie the Elder. He was baptised on 20 December 1629 in the St. Walburga church in Antwerp. He became a pupil of David Ryckaert III in 1641 and was admitted as a master in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645-1646. He married Catharina Douglas, called de Schot (the Scot), and was the father of Frans and Jan Baptist de Bie, who both became painters. Jan Baptist emigrated to Vienna where he remained active. Erasmus de Bie had pupils in 1660 and in 1666,", "id": "4566740" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck (III)\n\n\nSnellinck the Younger was a genre and history painter. His great-grandfather was the prominent Flemish painter and art dealer Jan Snellinck the Elder, who was originally from Mechelen and worked most of his career in Antwerp. Jan Snellinck (III)'s grand-uncles Daniel and Gerard were also painters. Very little is known about the life of Jan Snellinck (III). He likely trained with his father. He was active in Rotterdam for his entire career. The death date and place of Jan Snellinck are not known but", "id": "10515381" }, { "contents": "Anton Goubau\n\n\nat the front on the right, which expresses the transience of power and fame. In addition to his cityscapes, Goubau painted many religious compositions, especially designed for churches in Antwerp. He also made a number of religious paintings on copper as part of a series made for the Spanish market to which other Flemish painters such as Willem van Herp, Erasmus Quellinus II, and possibly Abraham Willemsens contributed. The series is now kept in the Convent of las Comendadoras de Santiaga in Madrid. He painted portraits as evidenced by the portrait", "id": "4569148" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof forms achieved through a sculptural use of light. Quellinus’ oldest known work is the 1634 \"Adoration of the Shepherds\" (Alte Pinakothek, Munich), which is in this Caravaggesque mode. From the 1640s, his style took on a classicizing aspect and a sculptured look. Erasmus never travelled to Italy so this stylistic development was likely influenced by the work of his brother Artus, who introduced his own style of classicizing Baroque in Flemish sculpture after returning from Rome in 1640. Both brothers depicted similar idealizing Antique figures in", "id": "11150852" }, { "contents": "Jan Siberechts\n\n\nEngland around 1672 and spent the first three years in England painting decorations in the Duke’s newly built Cliveden House at Taplow, Buckinghamshire, England. From the second part of the 1670s and in the 1680s he travelled widely in England completing numerous commissions for aristocratic clients. He lived in London where one of his daughters was a lace-maker for the Queen. His younger daughter, Frances, married the Flemish émigré sculptor Artus Quellinus III (known in England as 'Arnold Quellinus') and, after being widowed, John", "id": "14682967" }, { "contents": "Jan Fyt\n\n\n, Fyt collaborated regularly with other painters who were specialist in other areas such as figure, landscape or architectural painting. He thus relied on figure painters such as Cornelius Schut, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly on occasion Jacob Jordaens and on figure and architectural painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II. Jan Fyt produced many drawings of animals based usually on studies from nature. The Hermitage holds a large gouache drawing of a \"\". It is rich in colour and carefully executed and was likely intended as a model for tapestry cartoon. Fyt", "id": "1007601" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nartistic direction over the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the newly appointed governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, Leo van Heil worked as Quellinus' architectural assistant. The Archduke became his patron and appointed him as his court architect and commissioned various projects from van Heil, including a stone gate for the Archduke's palace in Brussels. The painter and printmaker Renier Meganck, who later worked as a court painter in Vienna, became a pupil of Leo van Heil in Brussels in 1656. In his time Leo van", "id": "8052851" }, { "contents": "Gerard Seghers\n\n\nGerard Seghers (1591 in Antwerp – 18 March 1651 in Antwerp) was a Flemish painter, art collector and art dealer. After a period of study of study and residence in Rome, he returned to Flanders where he became one of the leading representatives of the Flemish Caravaggisti movement. In his later career he abandoned the Caravaggist style and genre motifs to become an important painter of large altarpieces for local churches. Gerard Seghers was born in Antwerp as the son of innkeeper Jan Seghers and his wife Ida de Neve. He was", "id": "7355415" }, { "contents": "Jacob Leyssens\n\n\nJacob Leyssens or Jacob Lyssens (nickname Notenkraker) (1661, Antwerp - 1710, Antwerp), was a Flemish painter and decorator. After training in Antwerp, he spent a long time in Rome. After his return to Antwerp, he was active as a painter and decorator and collaborated with prominent Antwerp still life painters such as Gaspar Peeter Verbruggen the Younger and Jan Baptist Bosschaert. He was a student of Peter Ykens in 1674. He travelled to Rome at a young age as he is mentioned there in 1680. He", "id": "13757002" }, { "contents": "Francesco Ruschi\n\n\nFrancesco Ruschi was an Italian painter born in Rome around 1610. He studied in Rome under Giuseppe Cesari (Cavalier d'Arpino), Francesco Albani and Pietro da Cortona. His work also shows the influence of Caravaggio. He settled in Venice before 1629. He became a friend of the writer Giovan Francesco Loredan, for whom he drew the cover pages of several works. He moved to Treviso from 1656, and died there in 1661. Ruschi was influenced by the paintings of Paolo Veronese in his academic and decorative interpretations. These include", "id": "14035066" }, { "contents": "St. Peter in Chains Church (Beringen)\n\n\nor Vandereyt) and date from the late 17th century. Jan Rutten from Sint-Truiden completed the stalls after the death of Laurens Vandenreyt. The Baroque high altar contains a painting representing Christ on the cross attributed to the Antwerp painter Erasmus Quellinus II. The side altars are portico altars and contain the Baroque paintings \" Assumption and Coronation of Mary\" and the \"Finding of the Cross\", both by Anton Goubau. The rood screen is neogothic. The organ was manufactured in 1853 by Henri Vermeersch from Duffel and is the", "id": "12887333" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck\n\n\nJan Snellinck or Jan Snellinck (I) (Mechelen, c. 1548 – Antwerp, 1 October 1638) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and designer of tapestries, prints and frescoes. He is known for his large altarpieces and was also recognized as a leading battle painter in his time. Snellinck was active as an art dealer and art collector. Jan Snellinck was born in Mechelen as the son of Daniël Snellinck I, a painter and hawker, and Cornelia Verhulst (alias: Bessemeers). His mother came from a family", "id": "12059012" }, { "contents": "Paul de Vos\n\n\n. De Vos was able to develop his own personal style that accentuated abrupt movement, the gruesome aspects of hunts, used warmer colours and a broader brush stroke than Snyders. He also expanded the iconographic tradition with scenes of fighting cats and horses attacked by wolves. As was common amongst artists in 17th-century Antwerp, De Vos frequently collaborated with other painters. He collaborated with Rubens, Anthony van Dyck (, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg), Erasmus Quellinus II, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert, Adriaen van Utrecht and Jan Wildens", "id": "4556665" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nPieter Verbrugghen I (alternative spellings: \"Pieter Verbruggen I\", \"Peter van der Brugghen I\", \"Pieter van der Brugghen I\", \"Peter Verbrugghen I\", \"Peeter Verbrugghen I\") (1615, Antwerp – 1686, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor from the Baroque. He was apprenticed in 1625 as a 'beeltsnijder' (sculptor) to Simon de Neef, who was an 'antijcsnijder' (ornamental sculptor). Later he worked under Erasmus Quellinus I and in 1641 he married his", "id": "11276650" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nThomas Quellinus (March 1661 – September 1709), also known, especially in Denmark, as Thomas Qvellinus, was a Flemish baroque sculptor. He was born in Antwerp but worked mainly in Copenhagen, Denmark. He is especially known for the production of grandiose and sumptuous memorial chapels, sepulchral monuments and epitaphs, which can be found in churches throughout Denmark and northern Germany’s Schleswig-Holstein area. His chapels and monuments are dramatically composed, executed in rare, differently coloured types of marble and framed by monumental architectural components.", "id": "11778978" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nscenes and designs for tapestries. Like Rubens, Quellinus was a \"pictor doctus\" with a strong grounding in ancient history and philosophy. He had built an extensive library and art collection. This learning is reflected in the subject matter of his work. Even while he was a frequent collaborator with Rubens’ workshop in the 1630s, Quellinus developed a personal style distinctive from that of Rubens. This style is reminiscent of the Antwerp followers of Caravaggio such as Theodoor Rombouts and Gerard Seghers. Characteristics of this style are the strong modeling", "id": "11150851" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Bosschaert\n\n\nJan Baptist Bosschaert or Jan Baptist Bosschaert the Younger (baptized on 17 December 1667 in Antwerp –1746 in Antwerp) was a Flemish still life painter who is principally known for his decorative still lifes with flowers. He collaborated with figure artists on compositions which combined allegorical or mythological scenes with a still life element. He was active in Antwerp. Jan Baptist Bosschaert was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter-baker Jan Baptist and his second wife Joanna de Bie, the sister of the painter Erasmus de Bie. His", "id": "20819606" }, { "contents": "Wallerant Vaillant\n\n\nWallerant Vaillant (30 May 1623 – 28 August 1677) was a painter of the Dutch Golden Age and one of the first artists to use the mezzotint technique, which he probably helped to develop. Wallerant Vaillant was born in Lille, the oldest of five brothers who all became successful painters. It is said Wallerant was a student of Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) in Antwerp. He moved with his parents in 1643 to Amsterdam. In 1647 he lived in Middelburg, but in 1649 he was back in Amsterdam. In", "id": "8302348" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nHans Bernaert (or Beernart) (1615) and Christoffel de la Fontaine (1633–34). His work is not well known since only a few of his works have survived. Erasmus is primarily known as a sculptor who drew inspiration from antiquity. He worked in the late Renaissance style although his later work shows a development towards early Baroque. The bulk of his commissions consisted of the renovation and replacement of church furniture that had been destroyed during the iconoclastic troubles of the 16th century. Besides decorative work, he is known to", "id": "7355033" }, { "contents": "Rombaut Pauwels\n\n\nbrother of François Duquesnoy, and the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus also worked in this workshop in Rome. They and Rombaut Pauwels brought the moderate Baroque style of François Duquesnoy with them when they returned to the Southern Netherlands. After his return to Flanders, Rombaut Pauwels was active mainly in his hometown Mechelen and in Ghent. Rombaut Pauwels’ pupils included the brothers Hendrik and Jan Matthys. Rombaut Pauwels was a capable sculptor who worked in the classicizing Baroque style pioneered by François Duquesnoy but he lacked the virtuoso technique of his contemporaries Artus Quellinus", "id": "9167166" }, { "contents": "Lucas de Wael\n\n\nLucas de Wael (3 March 1591 – 25 October 1661) was a Flemish painter, engraver and merchant. He was born in Antwerp and worked for some time in Genoa in Italy before returning to Antwerp, where he died. Lucas de Wael was born into an artistic family in Antwerp as the son of the painter Jan de Wael I (1558-1633). His mother Gertrude de Jode came from a family of artists: her father was the cartographer Gerard de Jode and her brother was the engraver Peter de Jode", "id": "2957457" }, { "contents": "Jan van Balen\n\n\nGaspard, Theodoor van Thulden, Jan de Labare and Erasmus Quellinus the Younger on the execution of designs for the gallery on the Meir and the triumphal arch at St. John's Church in Antwerp. The overall design of the decorations was under the direction of Rubens. [[File:Jan Brueghel II, Jan van Balen - The Feast of Bacchus (Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus).jpg|thumb|\"The Feast of Bacchus\", with [[Jan Brueghel the Younger]] Jan van Balen left on 8 September 1639 with his brother Gaspard on", "id": "19729208" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nfor the Council Chamber, is repeated in a painting by Erasmus. This development towards classicist rigidity may reflect the influence of French art with its preference for classicism. Erasmus’ work also gained a theatrical aspect as reflected in the 1652 painting \"Artemisia\" (Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, University of Glasgow). The painting has a theatrical background like a park. This tendency became more evident in the 1660s when his paintings started to include grandiose scenery with flamboyant architecture. This is clear in the \"Let the Children Come", "id": "11150854" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nin particular the marble decorations he and his workshop produced, became an example for other buildings in Amsterdam. The team of sculptors that Artus supervised during his work on the Amsterdam city hall included many sculptors who would become leading sculptors in their own right such as his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Rombout Verhulst, Bartholomeus Eggers and Gabriël Grupello and probably also Grinling Gibbons. He returned to work in Antwerp in 1658 and remained active mainly in this city until his death. His many pupils included his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Martin Deurweerders", "id": "8459223" }, { "contents": "David Teniers III\n\n\nDavid Teniers III, also referred to as David Teniers junior (baptized 10 July 1638 – 2 October 1685) was a Flemish painter and tapestry designer who was mainly active in Antwerp, Madrid and Brussels. He is known for his portraits, religious compositions and genre scenes. David Teniers III was born in Antwerp where he was baptized on July 10 in the St. James' Church. He was a scion of two very prominent artist families from Antwerp: his father was the painter David Teniers the Younger and his mother was Anna", "id": "17442937" }, { "contents": "Gerard Douffet\n\n\nGerard Douffet (6 aug 1594 – 1660/1661), also known as Doufeet or Duffeit, was a Flemish painter. He was born at Liège in 1594, and studied for some time at Antwerp in the school of Rubens, and afterwards in Italy. He composed and designed with good taste, and his historical pictures are much esteemed. 'Pope Nicholas V. at the Tomb of St. Francis of Assisi ' (painted in 1627), 'St. Helena and the true Cross' (painted for the Abbey of St. Lawrence,", "id": "6883668" }, { "contents": "Jan van Buken\n\n\nJan van Buken or Jan van Beucken (10 March 1635 – 6 February 1690) was a Flemish painter mainly known for his genre paintings and still lifes. Jan van Buken was born in Antwerp. He became a master in the Guild of Saint Luke in 1658 where he was registered under the name 'Jan van Beucken'. In the period from 1666 to 1682 he worked in Rome while regularly travelling back to Antwerp. He returned to live in Antwerp after the death of his parents. Jan Baptist Beveren was registered as", "id": "15324731" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ntheir work in this period. His \"Adoration of the Holy Sacrament\" (1646) was painted in this style. From c. 1650 this classicism in his work became rigid and his compositions from this period made use of a limited number of stereotyped and idealized figure types. This stylistic development is evident in the interior decorations he made for the new City Hall of Amsterdam, which he executed in collaboration with his brother Artus. The brothers achieved stylistic agreement in this commission: the \"Judgement of Solomon\", which Artus sculpted", "id": "11150853" }, { "contents": "Nikolaus van Hoy\n\n\nhe would have met in Rome and had later joined him in Brussels. At about 1667 he became the court painter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria. He retained this post until his death in Vienna in 1679. He was succeeded at the court by his son Nickolaus van Hoey the Younger (Antwerp 1660- Vienna ca. 1710). He made landscapes and portraits. He engraved religious scenes and mythological figures adapted from originals of Veronese, Barocci and Raphael. He was one of the", "id": "16812974" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\ngenres including cattle market scenes, Italianate landscapes and village scenes. He is probably best known for his depiction of festivals and processions set in his native Antwerp. His village scenes are reminiscent of the genre scenes of David Teniers the Younger. He also took his inspiration from other Flemish artists. For instance, his composition \"\" likely drew its inspiration from similar paintings representing processions in cities by Flemish artists such as Pieter van Aelst and Erasmus de Bie. He painted many scenes of cattle markets, which offered him the opportunity to", "id": "3658943" }, { "contents": "Jan van den Hecke\n\n\nKunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Archduke Leopold Wilhem must have particularly liked his flower pieces as all of van den Hecke's paintings which he collected were pictures of flowers in vases and baskets and garland paintings. Van Hecke returned to Antwerp around 1657. In 1660 he married Maria Adriana Heyens with whom he had three children. His son, known as Jan van den Hecke II, was born in 1661 and became a popular painter of flowers as well as other types of still life. His two known pupils were Peeter vander Elstraeten (", "id": "14931009" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nLeo van Heil (Brussels, 1605 – c.1664), was a Flemish architect, painter and miniature painter mainly of flowers and insects. He is chiefly remembered for his designs of the Brigittines chapel and the tower of the Saint Nicholas Church, both in Brussels. Leo van Heil was born in Brussels. He had two brothers who were also artists: Jan Baptist van Heil was a portrait painter and Daniel van Heil was a landscape painter specialising in winter scenes or burning fires. When in 1648 Erasmus Quellinus was given the general", "id": "8052850" }, { "contents": "Jan Verhas\n\n\ngovernment awarded him a special subsidy of 1,200 francs and commissioned from him a composition depicting the Battle of Kallo. In 1862 he travelled via Paris and Lyon to Italy, where he made stops in Turin, Milan and Venice. He remained in Venice for two to three months, studying and copying the masters. Lack of funds forced him to leave Italy. He travelled back via Paris where his brother Frans was working at the time. Jan assisted his brother in the execution of several decorative projects. Afterwards he resided in Antwerp", "id": "9399028" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\nPeeter the Elder and Joris became painters. Alexander trained under his father. He became a master in the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1685. On 11 August 1685, he married Cornelia Sporckmans, daughter of the Antwerp history painter Hubert Sporckmans. They had three daughters and six sons of whom Jan Frans became a painter. Alexander van Bredael died in Antwerp. His pupils include his son Jan Frans, Peeter Busschop, Johan Baptist Govaerts, Guielmus van Ryn and Pieter Snyers. Alexander van Bredael painted in a wide variety of", "id": "3658942" }, { "contents": "Filippo Zaniberti\n\n\nFilippo Zaniberti (1585–1636) was an Italian painter of the late Mannerist period. He was born in Brescia and active in Venice, where he became a pupil of Santo Peranda. Zaniberti's style recalls the richness of Paolo Veronese. He painted a \"Mannah in the desert\" for the main altarpiece of the church of Santa Maria Nuova of Venice. He worked alongside the fellow Peranda disciple, Matteo Ponzone, in the decoration of the Ducal palace of Mirandola. He painted a \"Marriage of St Catherine\" for the church", "id": "19300082" }, { "contents": "St. Paul's Church, Antwerp\n\n\ntwisted marble columns. The painting \"Adoration of the shepherds\" by Rubens forms the altar piece. The Maria Chapel also contains a white marble sculpture of \"Our Lady of Sorrows\" by Jan Pieter van Baurscheit de Elder. The church holds elaborate tomb monuments attributed to Johannes van Mildert, Pieter Verbrugghen II and Andries Colyns de Nole. The 17th century organ is regarded as one of the most important organs of Belgium. The monumental organ case was sculpted by Pieter Verbrugghen I after a design by Erasmus Quellinus II. In 1623", "id": "10432986" }, { "contents": "David Teniers the Elder\n\n\nDavid Teniers the Elder (158229 July 1649), Flemish painter, was born at Antwerp. Having received his first training in the painter's art from his brother Juliaen, he studied under Rubens in Antwerp, and subsequently under Elsheimer in Rome; he became a member of the Antwerp guild of painters in 1606. Though his ambition led him at times to try his skill in large religious, historical and mythological compositions, his claim to fame depends chiefly on his landscapes and paintings of peasants carousing, of kermesse scenes and the", "id": "12948361" } ]

[ { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke as a 'wijnmeester', i.e. the son of a member of the Guild. The next year he married Cornelia Teniers, the daughter of painter David Teniers the Younger. Jan Erasmus Quellinus received many commissions including a large commission for paintings destined for Antwerp’s Saint Michael's Abbey. Around 1680 Quellinus worked in Vienna for the Habsburg court as a court painter to Emperor Leopold I. Among other works, the most important commission he completed was a series of 15 ceiling paintings on events in the life", "id": "7354727" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nJan-Erasmus Quellinus or Jan Erasmus Quellinus (1634 in Antwerp – 11 March 1715 in Mechelen) was a Flemish painter and draughtsman and a member of the famous Quellinus family of artists. He was one of the last prominent representatives of the great Flemish school of history and portrait painting in the 17th century. His work displays the classicizing influences of his father Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and Paolo Veronese. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his grandfather Erasmus Quellinus", "id": "7354724" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nwritten as \" Sederboom\"), which means 'cedar tree'. He is also reported to have used another nickname: 'Corpus'. Quellinus later moved to Venice where he resided from circa 1660 to 1661. Here he was influenced by the style of Veronese as is shown by his drawings from that time. During his stay in Northern Italy he was also introduced to the architecture of Palladio, which informed some of the decorative motifs he used in his later compositions. Upon his return to Antwerp in 1661 he joined", "id": "7354726" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof his father’s Classicism. As a result art historians have difficulty attributing some works to either artist. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus developed further on the Classicism of his father linking it with the influence of Paolo Veronese from whom he borrowed grandeur and various dynamic details. Unlike his father he liked to incorporate in his paintings grand architectural elements which were derived from the Palladian buildings he had seen in Northern Italy. As was common practice at the time, he collaborated with specialist painters in Antwerp such as the still life painter Jan Fyt", "id": "7354730" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Elder, his father Erasmus the Younger, and his uncles Artus Quellinus the Elder and Hubertus Quellinus. He was trained by his father from 1649. Jan-Erasmus travelled to Italy where he initially resided in Rome from 1657 to 1659. He became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Jan-Erasmus was given the bent name \"Seederboom\" (also", "id": "7354725" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\none of the leading artistic families in Antwerp, producing sculptors, painters and printmakers who would develop careers in Flanders and abroad. Father Erasmus Quellinus I, a sculptor, had moved from Sint-Truiden to Antwerp. The brothers of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger were both artists: Artus (1609-1668) was a leading Baroque sculptor and Hubertus (1619-1687) an engraver. Erasmus Quellinus II became a student of Jan-Baptist Verhaeghe, an obscure artist, in 1633. He became a master of the Antwerp Guild", "id": "11150843" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Me\" of 1664 (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels). These later compositions possible reflect an influence by the early work of his son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. As was common in Antwerp at the time, Quellinus collaborated with other painters. He worked with still life specialists on still lifes and portraits. Many of the still lifes fall into the category of ‘garland paintings’. Garland paintings are a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder.", "id": "11150855" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus the Younger and Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) was a Flemish painter, engraver, draughtsman and tapestry designer who worked in various genres including history, portrait, battle and animal paintings. He was a pupil of Peter Paul Rubens and was one of the closest collaborators of Rubens in the 1630s. Following Rubens’ death in 1640 he became one of the most prolific and successful painters in Flanders. Erasmus Quellinus II was born in Antwerp as the son of Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden. The Quellinus family became", "id": "11150842" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus I or Erasmus Quellinus the Elder (alternate names: Erasmus Quellinck, Erasme Quellin (I)) (Sint-Truiden, 1584 - Antwerp, 22 January 1640) was a Flemish sculptor best known for classically inspired ornamentation work and copies after the antique. He was the founder of an important Antwerp dynasty of artists. Details of his early life and training have not survived. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1606. He married Betje van Uden, the sister of the painter Lucas van", "id": "7355031" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nHis brothers became prominent artists: Erasmus was a painter and Hubertus was an engraver and painter. His sister Cornelia married his father’s pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. Artus Quellinus received his first training from his father. In the period from 1635 to 1639 he trained in Rome in the studio of his compatriot François Duquesnoy. He spent time in Lyon together with the Flemish painter Laureys Franck and was in contact there with the Dutch engraver Nicolaas van Helt Stockade and the Dutch painter Jan Asselijn. He returned to Antwerp", "id": "8459221" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\n, Joseph van den Kerckhoven, Davit van den Heuvel, Francis Cools, Allowisius de Meyere, Jan-Baptist Hyacint Breydel, Gaspar (or Jasper) de Cantelbeeck (1685-86), Jan François Blondeau and Jacobus Blondeau (1697-98). From 1712 the artist resided and worked in Mechelen where he died on 11 March 1715. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was principally a history painter who also painted the occasional portrait. He had an extensive output supported by a large workshop. His style is closely related to that", "id": "7354729" }, { "contents": "Anthoni Schoonjans\n\n\nMarch 1655. He became in the Guild year 1668-1669 in Antwerp an apprentice of Erasmus Quellinus II and that master's son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. From 1674 to 1677 the artist resided in Reims and he also spent some time in Paris. In 1674 his mother met up with her son Anthoni in Reims. He left France and from 6 January 1675 he resided in Rome, where he familiarised himself with the Italian Baroque. He shared in Rome a residence with the flower painter Carel de Vogelaer in Via Margutta.", "id": "9299848" }, { "contents": "Nicolaes van Verendael\n\n\nteacher of someone referred to as 'priest Cano' and the flower painter Jean Baptiste Morel. Van Verendael mainly painted flower pieces, vanitas still lifes and a few allegorical scenes with monkeys. His dated works are from the period between 1659 and 1690. He was highly regarded from an early age when he started working with some of the leading Antwerp painters such as David Teniers the Younger, Gonzales Coques, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Boeckhorst, Carstian Luyckx and Jan Davidsz. de Heem. His early work shows the influence of", "id": "18460769" }, { "contents": "Theodoor Boeyermans\n\n\n' dated works are dated between 1660 and 1677. He was mainly a painter of history and allegorical paintings. The artist received many important commissions for churches in his native Antwerp, the Kempen region and in Malines, but made his name in his hometown by painting secular compositions. He also painted group portraits. Together with Jan-Erasmus Quellinus, Boeyermans was one of the last important 17th-century Flemish history painters. His style was influenced by Rubens and van Dyck but he favoured a darker palette than those two artists.", "id": "6673291" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin 1662. On 9 November 1663, Erasmus Quellinus II married Françoise de Fren. De Fren was the daughter of the well-off André de Fren, secretary of the Council of Brabant, and the sister of Isabella de Fren, who was married to the court painter David Teniers II. In 1665 Quellinus designed a cenotaph for the deceased Philip IV of Spain and the decorations for the Joyous Entry of Don Francisco de Moura as governor of the Habsburg Netherlands. Erasmus Quellinus II died in Antwerp on 7 November 1678. His", "id": "11150849" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Antwerp from Rome around 1640. Artus worked in a classicizing style of Baroque under the influence of his compatriot, the sculptor François Duquesnoy, in whose workshop in Rome he had worked. This style had in turn been influenced by the Classicism of Annibale Carracci. The two brothers would from then on work together on various projects and mutually influence each other. After Rubens’ death in 1640 Erasmus Quellinus became one of the leading history painters of Flanders. He received many commissions for altarpieces in the region. In 1648 he was", "id": "11150847" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ncommissioned to make the decorations for the Joyous Entry of the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm into Antwerp, thus playing the same role as Rubens 13 years earlier for the Joyous Entry of Ferdinand. He made the decorations for the announcement of the Treaty of Westphalia in the same year. Around 1656 Erasmus worked in Amsterdam where his brother Artus was responsible for the decoration of the new City Hall. Erasmus assisted in this project and the brothers also collaborated on other commissions. Erasmus painted altarpieces for clandestine Catholic churches in Amsterdam. His first wife died", "id": "11150848" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\npupils included his son Jan Erasmus Quellinus, Guilliam Forchondt (II), Julius de Geest, Willem de Ryck, Anthoni Schoonjans, Wallerant Vaillant and Remacle Serin. Erasmus Quellinus II was a very versatile artist who worked in various genres. He received numerous commissions for altarpieces depicting Counter-Reformation themes for churches and monasteries throughout the Southern Netherlands. He also received many civic commissions which allowed him to show his learning in the depiction of scenes from ancient history and mythology and allegorical compositions. In addition, he produced portraits, battle", "id": "11150850" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof Saint Luke in 1633-1634. In the 1630s, the artist worked and likely studied in the workshop of Rubens and regularly collaborated on projects with Rubens. In 1634 Erasmus II married Catharina de Hemelaer, a niece of Jan de Hemelaer, the deacon of Antwerp Cathedral. Their son Jan Erasmus followed in his father’s footsteps and became a painter. From the notes made by his son Jan Erasmus in the margin of his copy of Cornelis de Bie’s book of artist biographies entitled Het Gulden Cabinet, it is known", "id": "11150844" }, { "contents": "Jan van Kessel the Elder\n\n\na figure painter was responsible for the figure or other image in the cartouche. His collaborators on garland paintings are believed to have included his uncle David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus the Elder, Hendrick van Balen the Elder, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly Jan Boeckhorst. An example of a collaborative garland painting made by Jan van Kessel and David Teniers the Younger is the composition (c. 1660-1670, Louvre). In this work Jan van Kessel painted a decorative garland representing the four elements around a cartouche showing a young", "id": "16247184" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin the Hermitage Museum, a collaboration with Frans Ykens. Quellinus further collaborated with the animal and still life painter Jan Fyt on portraits such as the \"Portrait of a young boy\" (Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp) of c. 1650. Quellinus also collaborated with animal painters Peter Boel and genre painter Jan van Kessel the Elder. Erasmus Quellinus II executed various tapestry designs. In 1649 he produced the designs for a tapestry series depicting the \"History of the Thurn and Taxis Family\" (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of", "id": "11150857" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nHe was a member of the well-known Quellinus family of artists from 17th century Antwerp, major center of artistic life then known as \"the Florence of the North\". Thomas Quellinus was born in Antwerp to the leading Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus II and Anna Maria Gabron, and was baptised on 17 March 1661. He trained in his father’s workshop in the art of sculpture. After completing his apprenticeship with his father, he went to London, England, where he worked with his brother Artus Quellinus III. While", "id": "11778979" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nArtus Quellinus also known as Artus (Arnoldus) Quellijn, Artus Quellinus I or Artus Quellinus the Elder (20 or 30 August 1609, Antwerp  – 23 August 1668, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor. He is regarded as the most important representative of the Baroque in sculpture in the Southern Netherlands. His work had a major influence on the development of sculpture in Northern Europe. Artus Quellinus the Elder was born into an artistic family. He was the son of the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden.", "id": "8459220" }, { "contents": "Jan Pieter Brueghel\n\n\nJan Pieter Brueghel or Jan Pieter Breughel (29 August 1628 (baptised) – 1664) was a Flemish Baroque painter specialised in flower still lifes. Brueghel was born in Antwerp. He was the son of Jan Brueghel the Younger and Anna-Maria Janssens. He joined the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645 as \"wijnmeester\". He died in Italy, after 1664, and is known for flower still lifes. He created many garland paintings on which he collaborated with other painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II who painted the", "id": "10461841" }, { "contents": "Pieter Boel\n\n\nBoel got to know the work of the Genoese artist Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione and the still life painter Giuseppe Recco. He learned from these Italian masters to heighten the dramatic effect of his canvases by emphasizing the shadows. He also used red drapes in the background, a Baroque element par excellence, to enhance the atmosphere of his compositions. Boel is known to have collaborated with fellow Antwerp artists Erasmus Quellinus II and Jacob Jordaens, who painted the human figures in his compositions. Boel was accomplished in large-scale vanitas paintings depicting an", "id": "20560716" }, { "contents": "Pieter Bruegel the Elder\n\n\n(grandson of Jan Bruegel the Elder) and Jan van Kessel the Younger. Through David Teniers, the family is also related to the whole Teniers family of painters and the Quellinus family of painters and sculptors, since Jan-Erasmus Quellinus married Cornelia, daughter of David Teniers the Younger. Bruegel's art was long more highly valued by collectors than critics. His friend Abraham Ortelius described him in a friendship album in 1574 as \"the most perfect painter of his century\", but both Vasari and Van Mander see him as", "id": "17084192" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nflowers. The subject of vanitas as depicted here was unusual for van Utrecht and shows that his role in the development of new types of still life has not been sufficiently recognized in art-historical literature. As was common in Antwerp’s art sector at the time, van Utrecht collaborated with other specialist artists, typically figure painters. He is known to have provided the still life elements in paintings by Jacob Jordaens, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Cossiers, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. He is believed to have also collaborated with David Teniers", "id": "18461245" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nHubertus Quellinus or Hubert Quellinus (August 15, 1619, Antwerp – 1687) was a Flemish printmaker, draughtsman and painter and a member of the prominent Quellinus family of artists. His engravings after the work of his brother, the Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder, were instrumental in the spread of the Flemish Baroque idiom in Europe in the second half of the 17th century. Hubertus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his father Erasmus Quellinus the Elder and his brothers,", "id": "8520392" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus III\n\n\nArtus Quellinus III (1653, Antwerp – December 1686, London) was a Flemish sculptor active in London. His name is often anglicised to Arnold Quellan, Arnold Quellin or Arnold Quellinus or mistakenly given as \"Jan Quellinus\". He was the son of Artus Quellinus II and brother to the sculptor Thomas Quellinus and the painter Cornelis Quellinus He trained in his father's workshop in Antwerp before moving to London in 1682. He was married to Frances Siberechts, youngest daughter of the Antwerp-born painter Jan Siberechts, who had", "id": "13748725" }, { "contents": "Flemish Baroque painting\n\n\npainters combined a local influence from Rubens with knowledge of classicism and Italian Baroque qualities. Artists in the vein include Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Jan van den Hoecke, Pieter van Lint, Cornelis Schut, and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Later in the century, many painters turned to Anthony van Dyck as a major influence. Among them were Pieter Thijs, Lucas Franchoys the Younger, and artists who were also inspired by Late Baroque theatricality such as Theodoor Boeyermans and Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. Additionally, a Flemish variant of \"Caravaggism\"", "id": "6030293" }, { "contents": "Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen\n\n\nthe principal representatives of Flemish high baroque sculpture. The father had been a pupil of Erasmus Quellinus I, who was himself the founder of a prominent family of artists. The father married the daughter of his master Erasmus Quellinus. From this marriage Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was born. His brother Pieter Verbrugghen II was also a sculptor and worked in the workshop of his father. Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was trained by his father. Nonetheless, he did not start his career as a sculptor but as a draughtsman working with the illuminator Jan Ruyselinck", "id": "10070115" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nand Londerzeel. Many of his paintings can be regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. He often worked from prints made after the works of these masters to create his own compositions. An example is the (Prado Museum), which is based on a print after Rafael", "id": "11181884" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Rubens pupil Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and the prominent sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. In 1650 he traveled to Rome where he joined the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Hubertus was given the bent name \"Saracin\". Quellinus was in Amsterdam by 1660 where he collaborated on a publication, which consisted of two parts: the first part consisted of 30 plates depicting the Amsterdam", "id": "8520393" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\ncompleted the frontal decoration of the organ in the Antwerp cathedral, based on a design made by Erasmus Quellinus II. He and his workshop made the oak confessionals in the St. Paul's Church in Antwerp (between 1658 and 1660). He made the oak organ case in that church in collaboration with Artus Quellinus the Elder in 1654, and together with his son Pieter Verbrugghen II he executed the designs for the high altar in 1670. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known creations. The", "id": "11276653" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nArtus Quellinus II or Artus Quellinus the Younger (alternative first name: Arnold; variation on family name: Quellijn, Quellyn, Quellien, Quellin, Quellinius) (between 10 and 20 November 1625, Sint-Truiden – 22 November 1700, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor who played an important role in the evolution of Northern-European sculpture from High Baroque to Late Baroque. Artus Quellinus II was born into an artistic family. His uncle was the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I, whose son was Artus Quellinus I,", "id": "13073282" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Some of these works are now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. He returned to Antwerp where between the years 1685 and 1712 he worked on many commissions for churches in Antwerp and throughout Flanders. He also had many pupils including Anthoni Schoonjans, Simon de Marets, Jan Carel van Eyck, Guiliam Draeger (1668-69), Christoffel Franciscus Ponsel, Jacobus de Play (1669-1670), Peeter Heymans, Franciscus Carnonckel, Franciscus Cuylen, Hieronymus Galle (1673-74)", "id": "7354728" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nthat Erasmus II obtained a degree in philosophy. This explains the fact that he wrote a philosophical tract entitled \"Philosophia\", which was recorded in the 1679 inventory of his estate. Quellinus became a regular collaborator with Rubens from 1635. He first worked on the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the new governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand. Rubens was in overall charge of this project. Quellinus made decorative paintings after designs by Rubens of which six have survived. In the period 1636-1638 Rubens", "id": "11150845" }, { "contents": "Joannes Chrysostomus Teniers\n\n\n. As abbot he took the motto \"Tene Quod Bene\" (\"Hold on to what is good\", 1 Thessalonians 5, verse 21). Teniers died in Antwerp on 30 November 1709. His portrait painted by Jan-Erasmus Quellinus is inside Tongerlo Abbey. Teniers had some reputation as a preacher and a manuscript of his sermons for feastdays was preserved in the monastery library, as well as two volumes of his notes on the works of St Augustine. One of Teniers' poems was published in the preliminary matter", "id": "1158593" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nThese paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Erasmus Quellinus II collaborated on garland paintings with still life specialists, such as his brother-in-law Jan Philip van Thielen, Daniel Seghers, Jan Pieter Brueghel, Frans Ykens, Peter Willebeeck and Jan Anton van der Baren. These collaborators painted the flower garland while Quellinus painted the figures and architectural setting. An example is the \"Holy Family in a Wreath of Flowers\"", "id": "11150856" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\n’ workshop received a large commission to make mythological decorations for the hunting pavilion Torre de la Parada of the Spanish king Philip IV near Madrid. For this project Quellinus painted decorations after oil sketches by Rubens some of which have been preserved (Prado Museum). In early 1637 Quellinus drew frontispieces for the Antwerp printing house Plantin Press according to Rubens’ instructions regarding iconography and layout. These drawings were in Quellinus’ own style as Rubens let him a free hand in the design of the modelli. His brother Artus Quellinus I returned", "id": "11150846" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nwith living people and animals. Van Utrecht also painted a number of flower still lifes. He was a regular collaborator with leading Antwerp painters who had been pupils or assistants of Peter Paul Rubens, such as Jacob Jordaens, David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus II, Gerard Seghers, Theodoor Rombouts, Abraham van Diepenbeeck and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Adriaen van Utrecht was born in Antwerp as the son of Abel van Utrecht en Anne Huybrecht. In 1614 he became a pupil of Herman de Neyt, a painter and art dealer who", "id": "18461230" }, { "contents": "Baroque sculpture\n\n\nof a family of famous sculptors and painters, and son of another sculptor, Erasmus Quellinus. He settled in Antwerp in 1639. He became close to Rubens, and his work applied many of the principles of the compositions of Rubens to sculpture. Another important Belgian Baroque sculptor was Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen (1654–1724), who carved very elaborate sculptures, full of biblical scenes, flora and fauna,allegories and symbols for the ceremonial puppets the cathedrals and churches in Brussels, Louvain, Antwerp, Mechelen, and other cities. Early", "id": "16040697" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nwas back in Antwerp in 1657 and became an Antwerp burgher on 11 May 1663. His wife died on 15 October 1668 and the next year Artus remarried to Cornelia Volders. In the latter part of his life Quellinus received many commissions, primarily for church furnishings and tomb sculptures. His pupils include Alexander van Papenhoven, Thomas Quellinus, Jan van den Steen, (1633–1723), the Master of the St. Luke in Antwerp, Cornelis van Scheyck (1679–1680); Balten Rubbens (1685–1686); Adriaen Govaerts (1690–91) and", "id": "13073285" }, { "contents": "Peter Ykens\n\n\ntrained 28 pupils including Karel Breydel, Erasmus Causse, Gaspaer Janssens, Jan Thomas van Kessel, Henderick van Mael, Francis Scalie, Jan Baptist Kretsaert and Jacob Leyssens. His eldest son Jan Frans became a staffage painter who collaborated with still life painters of flowers and fruit. He died in Antwerp. He painted portraits and Christian religious representations and made a large number of altarpieces and paintings for local churches and palaces. As was the custom in Antwerp at the time, he often worked together with other painters who were specialists in", "id": "8049116" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\n. The couple had six children of whom three became artists: Artus Quellinus III and Thomas Quellinus were both successful sculptors whereas Cornelis Quellinus became a painter about whom little is known. The young Artus joined his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Amsterdam around 1653 where he became one of the members of the team of artists that worked under the direction of Artus I on the decoration of the newly built City Hall on the Dam Square. The artist traveled to Italy and probably visited Turin, Florence and Rome between 1655 and 1657. He", "id": "13073284" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nUden. The couple had three sons: Erasmus, who would become a painter and engraver, Artus, who would follow in his father’s footsteps and become a sculptor, and Hubertus, who became an engraver and painter. His daughter Cornelia Quellinus married his pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. He was the teacher of Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder, Melchior Charles, Wallerant Vaillant, Joos Sterck (1607); Rombout Claes (1609), Melchior van der Lanen (1612), Hans Franscoys (1614),", "id": "7355032" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nfurther inspired by the cult of veneration and devotion to Mary prevalent at the Habsburg court (then the rulers over the Southern Netherlands) and in Antwerp generally. Garland paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image, portrait or other religious symbol (such as the host). The paintings are usually a collaboration between a flower painter and a staffage painter. Van Thielen produced multiple garland paintings in collaboration with other artists. His collaborators included his brother-in-law Erasmus Quellinus II, Nicolas de Largilliere, Jan van", "id": "12866287" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nhe was the brother-in-law of Erasmus Quellinus II. Erasmus Quelllinus was married to the sister of his wife and would become one of the leading history painters in Flanders after the deaths of Rubens and van Dyck. Quellinus drew van Thielens’ portrait that was engraved by Richard Collin for Cornelis de Bie's book of artist biographies Het Gulden Cabinet. Van Thielen and his wife had 9 children. Because he liked flower painting he changed masters in 1641 and began training with Daniel Seghers, the leading flower painter in Flanders", "id": "12866282" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nbe regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. Typical examples of his work are the painting \"A Poor Company at Table in a Rustic Kitchen\" held by the National Trust at Tyntesfield and oil on copper religious paintings, such as \"Daniel in the Lion's Den\"", "id": "11181882" }, { "contents": "Mattheus Borrekens\n\n\nAntwerp on 25 December 1670. Mattheus Borrekens was mainly a reproductive printmaker. He made prints after the work of leading Flemish painters of his time such as Rubens, van Dyck, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Abraham van Diepenbeeck, Jan Thomas van Ieperen, Pieter van Lint and Cornelis Schut. He mainly concentrated on Christian religious subjects and portraits. He also engraved frontispieces of publications such as Christophe Butkens's\"Trophées tant sacrés et profanes du Duché de Brabant\". 1724-1726. For this publication he engraved after a design by van Diepenbeeck", "id": "2345697" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nmaster’s daughter, Cornelia Quellinus. Through his marriage he became the brother in law of the leading Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1641 and in 1659 he became the deacon of the Guild. His first wife died in 1662, and he remarried in 1665, to Elisabeth Lemmens. He was the father of the sculptors Pieter Verbrugghen II and Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen. His daughter Suzanna married the sculptor Peeter Meesens. His pupils included some of the leading representatives of the", "id": "11276651" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nhave made individual statues, none of which have survived. In 1635 he was awarded the contract to make the pulpit of the St. Elisabeth Hospital in Antwerp. This work is an example of early Baroque in Antwerp and shows Erasmus’ mastery of balance and symmetry, even though there is no sense of realism. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known commissions. He made the original design for the pulpit, which, after his death, was somewhat changed by his son Artus while Pieter Verbrugghen", "id": "7355034" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Barbé\n\n\nNicolaas Lauwers for infringement of privileges relating to prints he had created, he received the support of Rubens. Barbé married Christien (or Christina) Wierix, the daughter of the prominent engraver and publisher Hieronymus Wierix on 30 March 1620. According to the contemporary notes of the painter Erasmus Quellinus II, Barbé was a very ugly person, while his daughter, who was a gifted engraver, was counted among 'the most beautiful women of Antwerp'. Hieronymus Wierix , the father of his wife, had died in 1619 before the", "id": "20064889" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nthe most successful Flemish Baroque sculptor of the mid 17th century. Artus II is likely to have received his training as a sculptor from his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Antwerp to where he must have moved from his native city of Sint-Truiden (then in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, now in the Belgian province of Limburg). Artus Quellinus II became a master of the Guild of Saint Luke in Antwerp in 1650–51. Artus Quellinus II married Anna Maria Gabron, the sister of the painter Willem Gabron, in 1653", "id": "13073283" }, { "contents": "Daniel Seghers\n\n\n, the collaborators are not always known with certainty. It is known he often worked with Cornelis Schut, Erasmus Quellinus II, Abraham van Diepenbeek, Simon de Vos, Jan van den Hoecke, Gonzales Coques and Rubens. Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert is also mentioned as his collaborator. It is possible that Seghers collaborated with Rubens on a garland painting for the Saint Carolus Borromeus church in Antwerp. During his stay in Rome he also collaborated with Poussin and Domenichino. Unlike in his later collaborations, Seghers is believed to have added flower garlands", "id": "7240113" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nErasmus de Bie (1629 in Antwerp – 1675 in Antwerp) was a Flemish Baroque painter known for his city views and genre scenes. He depicted several lively scenes of large public celebrations in his hometown of Antwerp. It is not clear whether the views of Italianate cities and landscapes attributed to him are the work of Adriaen de Bie, a Flemish painter from Lier who worked in Italy for a while. Very little is known about the life of Erasmus de Bie. He was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter", "id": "4566739" }, { "contents": "Willem Gabron\n\n\n. He was first registered in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke as a ‘wijnmeester’ (i.e. son of a master of the Guild) in the guild year 1640-41, along with his younger brother Antoon. His sister Anna Maria married the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Younger. Gabron travelled to Rome, at the latest by 1646. Here he became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the", "id": "12740318" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nBaroque painter, and the engraving of the frontispiece was made by Jacob Neefs (Antwerp, June 3, 1610 – 1660), also after a design by Erasmus Quellinus the Younger. Christoffel Plantin (1520–1589), grandfather of Balthasar Moretus, set up his printing shop called 'De Gulden Passer' (Golden Compasses) in Antwerp in 1555, publishing both Catholic and Protestant literature. This Frenchman, who fled his native country to Antwerp to escape the persecution during the 1540s, was the best-known printer of his time", "id": "2235324" }, { "contents": "Jan Anton van der Baren\n\n\nare a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder. These paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Van der Baren collaborated on garland paintings with other painters, such as Erasmus Quellinus II and the Flemish émigré painter Nikolaus van Hoy. These collaborators painted the devotional image while van der Baren painted the flower garland. An example is the \"Garland of flowers surrounding the Holy Family", "id": "16752890" }, { "contents": "Jacob de Formentrou\n\n\nthe conclusion that the painting is not a collaboration between all the artists whose works are represented in the painting but rather represents the combined effort of de Formentrou and Erasmus Quellinus II, a leading Antwerp painter. F. G. Meijer on the other hand believes that the composition is a collaboration between all of the artists whose work are depicted. He attributes the composition and the various pictures depicted in it as follows: The painting can be read as a reference to connoisseurship, and in particular the connoisseur's activity of evaluating the authorship of", "id": "8771731" }, { "contents": "Nicolaas van Eyck\n\n\nstarted to study in 1632. He was a captain of a local schutterij and this may be a reason why he painted military scenes. He was friends with the flower painter Jan Philip van Thielen, who had also been a pupil of Rombouts. Van Eyck was godfather to at least one of van Thielen's nine children. He was the teacher of Pieter Hofman. His sons Nicolaas II and Jan Carel van Eyck became painters. Jan Carel was a student of Jan Erasmus Quellinus and spent time in Italy. Nicolaas van Eyck", "id": "8735899" }, { "contents": "Philips Augustijn Immenraet\n\n\nwould paint the landscape while the other specialist painters would take care of other aspects of the painting such as staffage, architecture, animals or still life elements. A collaboration with Erasmus Quellinus II is reported by the Dutch biographer Arnold Houbraken. The Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium holds the 1672 painting \"The Legend of William Tell shown to the Antwerp Guild of St Sebastian\", which is a collaboration between Immenraet, Wilhelm Schubert van Ehrenberg (who painted the architecture) and Karel-Emmanuel Biset. He also worked with", "id": "10869502" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nUniversity – the same city where Jan Baptist Zangrius was also active. Here Lobkowitz published a major work titled \"Theologia Moralis ad prima, eaque clarissima principia reducta\" printed by Perus Zangrius (Lovanii, typis ac sumptibus Petrus Zangrius, 1645). His book titled \"Philippus Prudens\" containing some hatched arms was published in 1639 by Balthasar Moretus in Antwerp. The coats of arms were engraved by Cornelius Galle the Younger, after the drawings of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger (Antwerp, 1607 - Antwerp, 1678), a Flemish", "id": "2235323" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nFrans de Bie the Elder. He was baptised on 20 December 1629 in the St. Walburga church in Antwerp. He became a pupil of David Ryckaert III in 1641 and was admitted as a master in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645-1646. He married Catharina Douglas, called de Schot (the Scot), and was the father of Frans and Jan Baptist de Bie, who both became painters. Jan Baptist emigrated to Vienna where he remained active. Erasmus de Bie had pupils in 1660 and in 1666,", "id": "4566740" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck (III)\n\n\nSnellinck the Younger was a genre and history painter. His great-grandfather was the prominent Flemish painter and art dealer Jan Snellinck the Elder, who was originally from Mechelen and worked most of his career in Antwerp. Jan Snellinck (III)'s grand-uncles Daniel and Gerard were also painters. Very little is known about the life of Jan Snellinck (III). He likely trained with his father. He was active in Rotterdam for his entire career. The death date and place of Jan Snellinck are not known but", "id": "10515381" }, { "contents": "Anton Goubau\n\n\nat the front on the right, which expresses the transience of power and fame. In addition to his cityscapes, Goubau painted many religious compositions, especially designed for churches in Antwerp. He also made a number of religious paintings on copper as part of a series made for the Spanish market to which other Flemish painters such as Willem van Herp, Erasmus Quellinus II, and possibly Abraham Willemsens contributed. The series is now kept in the Convent of las Comendadoras de Santiaga in Madrid. He painted portraits as evidenced by the portrait", "id": "4569148" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof forms achieved through a sculptural use of light. Quellinus’ oldest known work is the 1634 \"Adoration of the Shepherds\" (Alte Pinakothek, Munich), which is in this Caravaggesque mode. From the 1640s, his style took on a classicizing aspect and a sculptured look. Erasmus never travelled to Italy so this stylistic development was likely influenced by the work of his brother Artus, who introduced his own style of classicizing Baroque in Flemish sculpture after returning from Rome in 1640. Both brothers depicted similar idealizing Antique figures in", "id": "11150852" }, { "contents": "Jan Siberechts\n\n\nEngland around 1672 and spent the first three years in England painting decorations in the Duke’s newly built Cliveden House at Taplow, Buckinghamshire, England. From the second part of the 1670s and in the 1680s he travelled widely in England completing numerous commissions for aristocratic clients. He lived in London where one of his daughters was a lace-maker for the Queen. His younger daughter, Frances, married the Flemish émigré sculptor Artus Quellinus III (known in England as 'Arnold Quellinus') and, after being widowed, John", "id": "14682967" }, { "contents": "Jan Fyt\n\n\n, Fyt collaborated regularly with other painters who were specialist in other areas such as figure, landscape or architectural painting. He thus relied on figure painters such as Cornelius Schut, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly on occasion Jacob Jordaens and on figure and architectural painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II. Jan Fyt produced many drawings of animals based usually on studies from nature. The Hermitage holds a large gouache drawing of a \"\". It is rich in colour and carefully executed and was likely intended as a model for tapestry cartoon. Fyt", "id": "1007601" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nartistic direction over the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the newly appointed governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, Leo van Heil worked as Quellinus' architectural assistant. The Archduke became his patron and appointed him as his court architect and commissioned various projects from van Heil, including a stone gate for the Archduke's palace in Brussels. The painter and printmaker Renier Meganck, who later worked as a court painter in Vienna, became a pupil of Leo van Heil in Brussels in 1656. In his time Leo van", "id": "8052851" }, { "contents": "Gerard Seghers\n\n\nGerard Seghers (1591 in Antwerp – 18 March 1651 in Antwerp) was a Flemish painter, art collector and art dealer. After a period of study of study and residence in Rome, he returned to Flanders where he became one of the leading representatives of the Flemish Caravaggisti movement. In his later career he abandoned the Caravaggist style and genre motifs to become an important painter of large altarpieces for local churches. Gerard Seghers was born in Antwerp as the son of innkeeper Jan Seghers and his wife Ida de Neve. He was", "id": "7355415" }, { "contents": "Jacob Leyssens\n\n\nJacob Leyssens or Jacob Lyssens (nickname Notenkraker) (1661, Antwerp - 1710, Antwerp), was a Flemish painter and decorator. After training in Antwerp, he spent a long time in Rome. After his return to Antwerp, he was active as a painter and decorator and collaborated with prominent Antwerp still life painters such as Gaspar Peeter Verbruggen the Younger and Jan Baptist Bosschaert. He was a student of Peter Ykens in 1674. He travelled to Rome at a young age as he is mentioned there in 1680. He", "id": "13757002" }, { "contents": "Francesco Ruschi\n\n\nFrancesco Ruschi was an Italian painter born in Rome around 1610. He studied in Rome under Giuseppe Cesari (Cavalier d'Arpino), Francesco Albani and Pietro da Cortona. His work also shows the influence of Caravaggio. He settled in Venice before 1629. He became a friend of the writer Giovan Francesco Loredan, for whom he drew the cover pages of several works. He moved to Treviso from 1656, and died there in 1661. Ruschi was influenced by the paintings of Paolo Veronese in his academic and decorative interpretations. These include", "id": "14035066" }, { "contents": "St. Peter in Chains Church (Beringen)\n\n\nor Vandereyt) and date from the late 17th century. Jan Rutten from Sint-Truiden completed the stalls after the death of Laurens Vandenreyt. The Baroque high altar contains a painting representing Christ on the cross attributed to the Antwerp painter Erasmus Quellinus II. The side altars are portico altars and contain the Baroque paintings \" Assumption and Coronation of Mary\" and the \"Finding of the Cross\", both by Anton Goubau. The rood screen is neogothic. The organ was manufactured in 1853 by Henri Vermeersch from Duffel and is the", "id": "12887333" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck\n\n\nJan Snellinck or Jan Snellinck (I) (Mechelen, c. 1548 – Antwerp, 1 October 1638) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and designer of tapestries, prints and frescoes. He is known for his large altarpieces and was also recognized as a leading battle painter in his time. Snellinck was active as an art dealer and art collector. Jan Snellinck was born in Mechelen as the son of Daniël Snellinck I, a painter and hawker, and Cornelia Verhulst (alias: Bessemeers). His mother came from a family", "id": "12059012" }, { "contents": "Paul de Vos\n\n\n. De Vos was able to develop his own personal style that accentuated abrupt movement, the gruesome aspects of hunts, used warmer colours and a broader brush stroke than Snyders. He also expanded the iconographic tradition with scenes of fighting cats and horses attacked by wolves. As was common amongst artists in 17th-century Antwerp, De Vos frequently collaborated with other painters. He collaborated with Rubens, Anthony van Dyck (, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg), Erasmus Quellinus II, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert, Adriaen van Utrecht and Jan Wildens", "id": "4556665" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nPieter Verbrugghen I (alternative spellings: \"Pieter Verbruggen I\", \"Peter van der Brugghen I\", \"Pieter van der Brugghen I\", \"Peter Verbrugghen I\", \"Peeter Verbrugghen I\") (1615, Antwerp – 1686, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor from the Baroque. He was apprenticed in 1625 as a 'beeltsnijder' (sculptor) to Simon de Neef, who was an 'antijcsnijder' (ornamental sculptor). Later he worked under Erasmus Quellinus I and in 1641 he married his", "id": "11276650" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nThomas Quellinus (March 1661 – September 1709), also known, especially in Denmark, as Thomas Qvellinus, was a Flemish baroque sculptor. He was born in Antwerp but worked mainly in Copenhagen, Denmark. He is especially known for the production of grandiose and sumptuous memorial chapels, sepulchral monuments and epitaphs, which can be found in churches throughout Denmark and northern Germany’s Schleswig-Holstein area. His chapels and monuments are dramatically composed, executed in rare, differently coloured types of marble and framed by monumental architectural components.", "id": "11778978" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nscenes and designs for tapestries. Like Rubens, Quellinus was a \"pictor doctus\" with a strong grounding in ancient history and philosophy. He had built an extensive library and art collection. This learning is reflected in the subject matter of his work. Even while he was a frequent collaborator with Rubens’ workshop in the 1630s, Quellinus developed a personal style distinctive from that of Rubens. This style is reminiscent of the Antwerp followers of Caravaggio such as Theodoor Rombouts and Gerard Seghers. Characteristics of this style are the strong modeling", "id": "11150851" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Bosschaert\n\n\nJan Baptist Bosschaert or Jan Baptist Bosschaert the Younger (baptized on 17 December 1667 in Antwerp –1746 in Antwerp) was a Flemish still life painter who is principally known for his decorative still lifes with flowers. He collaborated with figure artists on compositions which combined allegorical or mythological scenes with a still life element. He was active in Antwerp. Jan Baptist Bosschaert was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter-baker Jan Baptist and his second wife Joanna de Bie, the sister of the painter Erasmus de Bie. His", "id": "20819606" }, { "contents": "Wallerant Vaillant\n\n\nWallerant Vaillant (30 May 1623 – 28 August 1677) was a painter of the Dutch Golden Age and one of the first artists to use the mezzotint technique, which he probably helped to develop. Wallerant Vaillant was born in Lille, the oldest of five brothers who all became successful painters. It is said Wallerant was a student of Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) in Antwerp. He moved with his parents in 1643 to Amsterdam. In 1647 he lived in Middelburg, but in 1649 he was back in Amsterdam. In", "id": "8302348" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nHans Bernaert (or Beernart) (1615) and Christoffel de la Fontaine (1633–34). His work is not well known since only a few of his works have survived. Erasmus is primarily known as a sculptor who drew inspiration from antiquity. He worked in the late Renaissance style although his later work shows a development towards early Baroque. The bulk of his commissions consisted of the renovation and replacement of church furniture that had been destroyed during the iconoclastic troubles of the 16th century. Besides decorative work, he is known to", "id": "7355033" }, { "contents": "Rombaut Pauwels\n\n\nbrother of François Duquesnoy, and the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus also worked in this workshop in Rome. They and Rombaut Pauwels brought the moderate Baroque style of François Duquesnoy with them when they returned to the Southern Netherlands. After his return to Flanders, Rombaut Pauwels was active mainly in his hometown Mechelen and in Ghent. Rombaut Pauwels’ pupils included the brothers Hendrik and Jan Matthys. Rombaut Pauwels was a capable sculptor who worked in the classicizing Baroque style pioneered by François Duquesnoy but he lacked the virtuoso technique of his contemporaries Artus Quellinus", "id": "9167166" }, { "contents": "Lucas de Wael\n\n\nLucas de Wael (3 March 1591 – 25 October 1661) was a Flemish painter, engraver and merchant. He was born in Antwerp and worked for some time in Genoa in Italy before returning to Antwerp, where he died. Lucas de Wael was born into an artistic family in Antwerp as the son of the painter Jan de Wael I (1558-1633). His mother Gertrude de Jode came from a family of artists: her father was the cartographer Gerard de Jode and her brother was the engraver Peter de Jode", "id": "2957457" }, { "contents": "Jan van Balen\n\n\nGaspard, Theodoor van Thulden, Jan de Labare and Erasmus Quellinus the Younger on the execution of designs for the gallery on the Meir and the triumphal arch at St. John's Church in Antwerp. The overall design of the decorations was under the direction of Rubens. [[File:Jan Brueghel II, Jan van Balen - The Feast of Bacchus (Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus).jpg|thumb|\"The Feast of Bacchus\", with [[Jan Brueghel the Younger]] Jan van Balen left on 8 September 1639 with his brother Gaspard on", "id": "19729208" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nfor the Council Chamber, is repeated in a painting by Erasmus. This development towards classicist rigidity may reflect the influence of French art with its preference for classicism. Erasmus’ work also gained a theatrical aspect as reflected in the 1652 painting \"Artemisia\" (Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, University of Glasgow). The painting has a theatrical background like a park. This tendency became more evident in the 1660s when his paintings started to include grandiose scenery with flamboyant architecture. This is clear in the \"Let the Children Come", "id": "11150854" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nin particular the marble decorations he and his workshop produced, became an example for other buildings in Amsterdam. The team of sculptors that Artus supervised during his work on the Amsterdam city hall included many sculptors who would become leading sculptors in their own right such as his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Rombout Verhulst, Bartholomeus Eggers and Gabriël Grupello and probably also Grinling Gibbons. He returned to work in Antwerp in 1658 and remained active mainly in this city until his death. His many pupils included his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Martin Deurweerders", "id": "8459223" }, { "contents": "David Teniers III\n\n\nDavid Teniers III, also referred to as David Teniers junior (baptized 10 July 1638 – 2 October 1685) was a Flemish painter and tapestry designer who was mainly active in Antwerp, Madrid and Brussels. He is known for his portraits, religious compositions and genre scenes. David Teniers III was born in Antwerp where he was baptized on July 10 in the St. James' Church. He was a scion of two very prominent artist families from Antwerp: his father was the painter David Teniers the Younger and his mother was Anna", "id": "17442937" }, { "contents": "Gerard Douffet\n\n\nGerard Douffet (6 aug 1594 – 1660/1661), also known as Doufeet or Duffeit, was a Flemish painter. He was born at Liège in 1594, and studied for some time at Antwerp in the school of Rubens, and afterwards in Italy. He composed and designed with good taste, and his historical pictures are much esteemed. 'Pope Nicholas V. at the Tomb of St. Francis of Assisi ' (painted in 1627), 'St. Helena and the true Cross' (painted for the Abbey of St. Lawrence,", "id": "6883668" }, { "contents": "Jan van Buken\n\n\nJan van Buken or Jan van Beucken (10 March 1635 – 6 February 1690) was a Flemish painter mainly known for his genre paintings and still lifes. Jan van Buken was born in Antwerp. He became a master in the Guild of Saint Luke in 1658 where he was registered under the name 'Jan van Beucken'. In the period from 1666 to 1682 he worked in Rome while regularly travelling back to Antwerp. He returned to live in Antwerp after the death of his parents. Jan Baptist Beveren was registered as", "id": "15324731" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ntheir work in this period. His \"Adoration of the Holy Sacrament\" (1646) was painted in this style. From c. 1650 this classicism in his work became rigid and his compositions from this period made use of a limited number of stereotyped and idealized figure types. This stylistic development is evident in the interior decorations he made for the new City Hall of Amsterdam, which he executed in collaboration with his brother Artus. The brothers achieved stylistic agreement in this commission: the \"Judgement of Solomon\", which Artus sculpted", "id": "11150853" }, { "contents": "Nikolaus van Hoy\n\n\nhe would have met in Rome and had later joined him in Brussels. At about 1667 he became the court painter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria. He retained this post until his death in Vienna in 1679. He was succeeded at the court by his son Nickolaus van Hoey the Younger (Antwerp 1660- Vienna ca. 1710). He made landscapes and portraits. He engraved religious scenes and mythological figures adapted from originals of Veronese, Barocci and Raphael. He was one of the", "id": "16812974" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\ngenres including cattle market scenes, Italianate landscapes and village scenes. He is probably best known for his depiction of festivals and processions set in his native Antwerp. His village scenes are reminiscent of the genre scenes of David Teniers the Younger. He also took his inspiration from other Flemish artists. For instance, his composition \"\" likely drew its inspiration from similar paintings representing processions in cities by Flemish artists such as Pieter van Aelst and Erasmus de Bie. He painted many scenes of cattle markets, which offered him the opportunity to", "id": "3658943" }, { "contents": "Jan van den Hecke\n\n\nKunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Archduke Leopold Wilhem must have particularly liked his flower pieces as all of van den Hecke's paintings which he collected were pictures of flowers in vases and baskets and garland paintings. Van Hecke returned to Antwerp around 1657. In 1660 he married Maria Adriana Heyens with whom he had three children. His son, known as Jan van den Hecke II, was born in 1661 and became a popular painter of flowers as well as other types of still life. His two known pupils were Peeter vander Elstraeten (", "id": "14931009" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nLeo van Heil (Brussels, 1605 – c.1664), was a Flemish architect, painter and miniature painter mainly of flowers and insects. He is chiefly remembered for his designs of the Brigittines chapel and the tower of the Saint Nicholas Church, both in Brussels. Leo van Heil was born in Brussels. He had two brothers who were also artists: Jan Baptist van Heil was a portrait painter and Daniel van Heil was a landscape painter specialising in winter scenes or burning fires. When in 1648 Erasmus Quellinus was given the general", "id": "8052850" }, { "contents": "Jan Verhas\n\n\ngovernment awarded him a special subsidy of 1,200 francs and commissioned from him a composition depicting the Battle of Kallo. In 1862 he travelled via Paris and Lyon to Italy, where he made stops in Turin, Milan and Venice. He remained in Venice for two to three months, studying and copying the masters. Lack of funds forced him to leave Italy. He travelled back via Paris where his brother Frans was working at the time. Jan assisted his brother in the execution of several decorative projects. Afterwards he resided in Antwerp", "id": "9399028" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\nPeeter the Elder and Joris became painters. Alexander trained under his father. He became a master in the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1685. On 11 August 1685, he married Cornelia Sporckmans, daughter of the Antwerp history painter Hubert Sporckmans. They had three daughters and six sons of whom Jan Frans became a painter. Alexander van Bredael died in Antwerp. His pupils include his son Jan Frans, Peeter Busschop, Johan Baptist Govaerts, Guielmus van Ryn and Pieter Snyers. Alexander van Bredael painted in a wide variety of", "id": "3658942" }, { "contents": "Filippo Zaniberti\n\n\nFilippo Zaniberti (1585–1636) was an Italian painter of the late Mannerist period. He was born in Brescia and active in Venice, where he became a pupil of Santo Peranda. Zaniberti's style recalls the richness of Paolo Veronese. He painted a \"Mannah in the desert\" for the main altarpiece of the church of Santa Maria Nuova of Venice. He worked alongside the fellow Peranda disciple, Matteo Ponzone, in the decoration of the Ducal palace of Mirandola. He painted a \"Marriage of St Catherine\" for the church", "id": "19300082" }, { "contents": "St. Paul's Church, Antwerp\n\n\ntwisted marble columns. The painting \"Adoration of the shepherds\" by Rubens forms the altar piece. The Maria Chapel also contains a white marble sculpture of \"Our Lady of Sorrows\" by Jan Pieter van Baurscheit de Elder. The church holds elaborate tomb monuments attributed to Johannes van Mildert, Pieter Verbrugghen II and Andries Colyns de Nole. The 17th century organ is regarded as one of the most important organs of Belgium. The monumental organ case was sculpted by Pieter Verbrugghen I after a design by Erasmus Quellinus II. In 1623", "id": "10432986" }, { "contents": "David Teniers the Elder\n\n\nDavid Teniers the Elder (158229 July 1649), Flemish painter, was born at Antwerp. Having received his first training in the painter's art from his brother Juliaen, he studied under Rubens in Antwerp, and subsequently under Elsheimer in Rome; he became a member of the Antwerp guild of painters in 1606. Though his ambition led him at times to try his skill in large religious, historical and mythological compositions, his claim to fame depends chiefly on his landscapes and paintings of peasants carousing, of kermesse scenes and the", "id": "12948361" } ]

[ { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke as a 'wijnmeester', i.e. the son of a member of the Guild. The next year he married Cornelia Teniers, the daughter of painter David Teniers the Younger. Jan Erasmus Quellinus received many commissions including a large commission for paintings destined for Antwerp’s Saint Michael's Abbey. Around 1680 Quellinus worked in Vienna for the Habsburg court as a court painter to Emperor Leopold I. Among other works, the most important commission he completed was a series of 15 ceiling paintings on events in the life", "id": "7354727" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nJan-Erasmus Quellinus or Jan Erasmus Quellinus (1634 in Antwerp – 11 March 1715 in Mechelen) was a Flemish painter and draughtsman and a member of the famous Quellinus family of artists. He was one of the last prominent representatives of the great Flemish school of history and portrait painting in the 17th century. His work displays the classicizing influences of his father Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and Paolo Veronese. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his grandfather Erasmus Quellinus", "id": "7354724" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nwritten as \" Sederboom\"), which means 'cedar tree'. He is also reported to have used another nickname: 'Corpus'. Quellinus later moved to Venice where he resided from circa 1660 to 1661. Here he was influenced by the style of Veronese as is shown by his drawings from that time. During his stay in Northern Italy he was also introduced to the architecture of Palladio, which informed some of the decorative motifs he used in his later compositions. Upon his return to Antwerp in 1661 he joined", "id": "7354726" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof his father’s Classicism. As a result art historians have difficulty attributing some works to either artist. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus developed further on the Classicism of his father linking it with the influence of Paolo Veronese from whom he borrowed grandeur and various dynamic details. Unlike his father he liked to incorporate in his paintings grand architectural elements which were derived from the Palladian buildings he had seen in Northern Italy. As was common practice at the time, he collaborated with specialist painters in Antwerp such as the still life painter Jan Fyt", "id": "7354730" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Elder, his father Erasmus the Younger, and his uncles Artus Quellinus the Elder and Hubertus Quellinus. He was trained by his father from 1649. Jan-Erasmus travelled to Italy where he initially resided in Rome from 1657 to 1659. He became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Jan-Erasmus was given the bent name \"Seederboom\" (also", "id": "7354725" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\none of the leading artistic families in Antwerp, producing sculptors, painters and printmakers who would develop careers in Flanders and abroad. Father Erasmus Quellinus I, a sculptor, had moved from Sint-Truiden to Antwerp. The brothers of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger were both artists: Artus (1609-1668) was a leading Baroque sculptor and Hubertus (1619-1687) an engraver. Erasmus Quellinus II became a student of Jan-Baptist Verhaeghe, an obscure artist, in 1633. He became a master of the Antwerp Guild", "id": "11150843" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Me\" of 1664 (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels). These later compositions possible reflect an influence by the early work of his son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. As was common in Antwerp at the time, Quellinus collaborated with other painters. He worked with still life specialists on still lifes and portraits. Many of the still lifes fall into the category of ‘garland paintings’. Garland paintings are a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder.", "id": "11150855" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus the Younger and Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) was a Flemish painter, engraver, draughtsman and tapestry designer who worked in various genres including history, portrait, battle and animal paintings. He was a pupil of Peter Paul Rubens and was one of the closest collaborators of Rubens in the 1630s. Following Rubens’ death in 1640 he became one of the most prolific and successful painters in Flanders. Erasmus Quellinus II was born in Antwerp as the son of Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden. The Quellinus family became", "id": "11150842" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus I or Erasmus Quellinus the Elder (alternate names: Erasmus Quellinck, Erasme Quellin (I)) (Sint-Truiden, 1584 - Antwerp, 22 January 1640) was a Flemish sculptor best known for classically inspired ornamentation work and copies after the antique. He was the founder of an important Antwerp dynasty of artists. Details of his early life and training have not survived. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1606. He married Betje van Uden, the sister of the painter Lucas van", "id": "7355031" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nHis brothers became prominent artists: Erasmus was a painter and Hubertus was an engraver and painter. His sister Cornelia married his father’s pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. Artus Quellinus received his first training from his father. In the period from 1635 to 1639 he trained in Rome in the studio of his compatriot François Duquesnoy. He spent time in Lyon together with the Flemish painter Laureys Franck and was in contact there with the Dutch engraver Nicolaas van Helt Stockade and the Dutch painter Jan Asselijn. He returned to Antwerp", "id": "8459221" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\n, Joseph van den Kerckhoven, Davit van den Heuvel, Francis Cools, Allowisius de Meyere, Jan-Baptist Hyacint Breydel, Gaspar (or Jasper) de Cantelbeeck (1685-86), Jan François Blondeau and Jacobus Blondeau (1697-98). From 1712 the artist resided and worked in Mechelen where he died on 11 March 1715. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was principally a history painter who also painted the occasional portrait. He had an extensive output supported by a large workshop. His style is closely related to that", "id": "7354729" }, { "contents": "Anthoni Schoonjans\n\n\nMarch 1655. He became in the Guild year 1668-1669 in Antwerp an apprentice of Erasmus Quellinus II and that master's son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. From 1674 to 1677 the artist resided in Reims and he also spent some time in Paris. In 1674 his mother met up with her son Anthoni in Reims. He left France and from 6 January 1675 he resided in Rome, where he familiarised himself with the Italian Baroque. He shared in Rome a residence with the flower painter Carel de Vogelaer in Via Margutta.", "id": "9299848" }, { "contents": "Nicolaes van Verendael\n\n\nteacher of someone referred to as 'priest Cano' and the flower painter Jean Baptiste Morel. Van Verendael mainly painted flower pieces, vanitas still lifes and a few allegorical scenes with monkeys. His dated works are from the period between 1659 and 1690. He was highly regarded from an early age when he started working with some of the leading Antwerp painters such as David Teniers the Younger, Gonzales Coques, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Boeckhorst, Carstian Luyckx and Jan Davidsz. de Heem. His early work shows the influence of", "id": "18460769" }, { "contents": "Theodoor Boeyermans\n\n\n' dated works are dated between 1660 and 1677. He was mainly a painter of history and allegorical paintings. The artist received many important commissions for churches in his native Antwerp, the Kempen region and in Malines, but made his name in his hometown by painting secular compositions. He also painted group portraits. Together with Jan-Erasmus Quellinus, Boeyermans was one of the last important 17th-century Flemish history painters. His style was influenced by Rubens and van Dyck but he favoured a darker palette than those two artists.", "id": "6673291" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin 1662. On 9 November 1663, Erasmus Quellinus II married Françoise de Fren. De Fren was the daughter of the well-off André de Fren, secretary of the Council of Brabant, and the sister of Isabella de Fren, who was married to the court painter David Teniers II. In 1665 Quellinus designed a cenotaph for the deceased Philip IV of Spain and the decorations for the Joyous Entry of Don Francisco de Moura as governor of the Habsburg Netherlands. Erasmus Quellinus II died in Antwerp on 7 November 1678. His", "id": "11150849" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Antwerp from Rome around 1640. Artus worked in a classicizing style of Baroque under the influence of his compatriot, the sculptor François Duquesnoy, in whose workshop in Rome he had worked. This style had in turn been influenced by the Classicism of Annibale Carracci. The two brothers would from then on work together on various projects and mutually influence each other. After Rubens’ death in 1640 Erasmus Quellinus became one of the leading history painters of Flanders. He received many commissions for altarpieces in the region. In 1648 he was", "id": "11150847" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ncommissioned to make the decorations for the Joyous Entry of the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm into Antwerp, thus playing the same role as Rubens 13 years earlier for the Joyous Entry of Ferdinand. He made the decorations for the announcement of the Treaty of Westphalia in the same year. Around 1656 Erasmus worked in Amsterdam where his brother Artus was responsible for the decoration of the new City Hall. Erasmus assisted in this project and the brothers also collaborated on other commissions. Erasmus painted altarpieces for clandestine Catholic churches in Amsterdam. His first wife died", "id": "11150848" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\npupils included his son Jan Erasmus Quellinus, Guilliam Forchondt (II), Julius de Geest, Willem de Ryck, Anthoni Schoonjans, Wallerant Vaillant and Remacle Serin. Erasmus Quellinus II was a very versatile artist who worked in various genres. He received numerous commissions for altarpieces depicting Counter-Reformation themes for churches and monasteries throughout the Southern Netherlands. He also received many civic commissions which allowed him to show his learning in the depiction of scenes from ancient history and mythology and allegorical compositions. In addition, he produced portraits, battle", "id": "11150850" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof Saint Luke in 1633-1634. In the 1630s, the artist worked and likely studied in the workshop of Rubens and regularly collaborated on projects with Rubens. In 1634 Erasmus II married Catharina de Hemelaer, a niece of Jan de Hemelaer, the deacon of Antwerp Cathedral. Their son Jan Erasmus followed in his father’s footsteps and became a painter. From the notes made by his son Jan Erasmus in the margin of his copy of Cornelis de Bie’s book of artist biographies entitled Het Gulden Cabinet, it is known", "id": "11150844" }, { "contents": "Jan van Kessel the Elder\n\n\na figure painter was responsible for the figure or other image in the cartouche. His collaborators on garland paintings are believed to have included his uncle David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus the Elder, Hendrick van Balen the Elder, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly Jan Boeckhorst. An example of a collaborative garland painting made by Jan van Kessel and David Teniers the Younger is the composition (c. 1660-1670, Louvre). In this work Jan van Kessel painted a decorative garland representing the four elements around a cartouche showing a young", "id": "16247184" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin the Hermitage Museum, a collaboration with Frans Ykens. Quellinus further collaborated with the animal and still life painter Jan Fyt on portraits such as the \"Portrait of a young boy\" (Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp) of c. 1650. Quellinus also collaborated with animal painters Peter Boel and genre painter Jan van Kessel the Elder. Erasmus Quellinus II executed various tapestry designs. In 1649 he produced the designs for a tapestry series depicting the \"History of the Thurn and Taxis Family\" (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of", "id": "11150857" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nHe was a member of the well-known Quellinus family of artists from 17th century Antwerp, major center of artistic life then known as \"the Florence of the North\". Thomas Quellinus was born in Antwerp to the leading Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus II and Anna Maria Gabron, and was baptised on 17 March 1661. He trained in his father’s workshop in the art of sculpture. After completing his apprenticeship with his father, he went to London, England, where he worked with his brother Artus Quellinus III. While", "id": "11778979" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nArtus Quellinus also known as Artus (Arnoldus) Quellijn, Artus Quellinus I or Artus Quellinus the Elder (20 or 30 August 1609, Antwerp  – 23 August 1668, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor. He is regarded as the most important representative of the Baroque in sculpture in the Southern Netherlands. His work had a major influence on the development of sculpture in Northern Europe. Artus Quellinus the Elder was born into an artistic family. He was the son of the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden.", "id": "8459220" }, { "contents": "Jan Pieter Brueghel\n\n\nJan Pieter Brueghel or Jan Pieter Breughel (29 August 1628 (baptised) – 1664) was a Flemish Baroque painter specialised in flower still lifes. Brueghel was born in Antwerp. He was the son of Jan Brueghel the Younger and Anna-Maria Janssens. He joined the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645 as \"wijnmeester\". He died in Italy, after 1664, and is known for flower still lifes. He created many garland paintings on which he collaborated with other painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II who painted the", "id": "10461841" }, { "contents": "Pieter Boel\n\n\nBoel got to know the work of the Genoese artist Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione and the still life painter Giuseppe Recco. He learned from these Italian masters to heighten the dramatic effect of his canvases by emphasizing the shadows. He also used red drapes in the background, a Baroque element par excellence, to enhance the atmosphere of his compositions. Boel is known to have collaborated with fellow Antwerp artists Erasmus Quellinus II and Jacob Jordaens, who painted the human figures in his compositions. Boel was accomplished in large-scale vanitas paintings depicting an", "id": "20560716" }, { "contents": "Pieter Bruegel the Elder\n\n\n(grandson of Jan Bruegel the Elder) and Jan van Kessel the Younger. Through David Teniers, the family is also related to the whole Teniers family of painters and the Quellinus family of painters and sculptors, since Jan-Erasmus Quellinus married Cornelia, daughter of David Teniers the Younger. Bruegel's art was long more highly valued by collectors than critics. His friend Abraham Ortelius described him in a friendship album in 1574 as \"the most perfect painter of his century\", but both Vasari and Van Mander see him as", "id": "17084192" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nflowers. The subject of vanitas as depicted here was unusual for van Utrecht and shows that his role in the development of new types of still life has not been sufficiently recognized in art-historical literature. As was common in Antwerp’s art sector at the time, van Utrecht collaborated with other specialist artists, typically figure painters. He is known to have provided the still life elements in paintings by Jacob Jordaens, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Cossiers, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. He is believed to have also collaborated with David Teniers", "id": "18461245" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nHubertus Quellinus or Hubert Quellinus (August 15, 1619, Antwerp – 1687) was a Flemish printmaker, draughtsman and painter and a member of the prominent Quellinus family of artists. His engravings after the work of his brother, the Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder, were instrumental in the spread of the Flemish Baroque idiom in Europe in the second half of the 17th century. Hubertus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his father Erasmus Quellinus the Elder and his brothers,", "id": "8520392" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus III\n\n\nArtus Quellinus III (1653, Antwerp – December 1686, London) was a Flemish sculptor active in London. His name is often anglicised to Arnold Quellan, Arnold Quellin or Arnold Quellinus or mistakenly given as \"Jan Quellinus\". He was the son of Artus Quellinus II and brother to the sculptor Thomas Quellinus and the painter Cornelis Quellinus He trained in his father's workshop in Antwerp before moving to London in 1682. He was married to Frances Siberechts, youngest daughter of the Antwerp-born painter Jan Siberechts, who had", "id": "13748725" }, { "contents": "Flemish Baroque painting\n\n\npainters combined a local influence from Rubens with knowledge of classicism and Italian Baroque qualities. Artists in the vein include Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Jan van den Hoecke, Pieter van Lint, Cornelis Schut, and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Later in the century, many painters turned to Anthony van Dyck as a major influence. Among them were Pieter Thijs, Lucas Franchoys the Younger, and artists who were also inspired by Late Baroque theatricality such as Theodoor Boeyermans and Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. Additionally, a Flemish variant of \"Caravaggism\"", "id": "6030293" }, { "contents": "Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen\n\n\nthe principal representatives of Flemish high baroque sculpture. The father had been a pupil of Erasmus Quellinus I, who was himself the founder of a prominent family of artists. The father married the daughter of his master Erasmus Quellinus. From this marriage Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was born. His brother Pieter Verbrugghen II was also a sculptor and worked in the workshop of his father. Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was trained by his father. Nonetheless, he did not start his career as a sculptor but as a draughtsman working with the illuminator Jan Ruyselinck", "id": "10070115" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nand Londerzeel. Many of his paintings can be regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. He often worked from prints made after the works of these masters to create his own compositions. An example is the (Prado Museum), which is based on a print after Rafael", "id": "11181884" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Rubens pupil Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and the prominent sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. In 1650 he traveled to Rome where he joined the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Hubertus was given the bent name \"Saracin\". Quellinus was in Amsterdam by 1660 where he collaborated on a publication, which consisted of two parts: the first part consisted of 30 plates depicting the Amsterdam", "id": "8520393" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\ncompleted the frontal decoration of the organ in the Antwerp cathedral, based on a design made by Erasmus Quellinus II. He and his workshop made the oak confessionals in the St. Paul's Church in Antwerp (between 1658 and 1660). He made the oak organ case in that church in collaboration with Artus Quellinus the Elder in 1654, and together with his son Pieter Verbrugghen II he executed the designs for the high altar in 1670. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known creations. The", "id": "11276653" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nArtus Quellinus II or Artus Quellinus the Younger (alternative first name: Arnold; variation on family name: Quellijn, Quellyn, Quellien, Quellin, Quellinius) (between 10 and 20 November 1625, Sint-Truiden – 22 November 1700, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor who played an important role in the evolution of Northern-European sculpture from High Baroque to Late Baroque. Artus Quellinus II was born into an artistic family. His uncle was the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I, whose son was Artus Quellinus I,", "id": "13073282" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Some of these works are now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. He returned to Antwerp where between the years 1685 and 1712 he worked on many commissions for churches in Antwerp and throughout Flanders. He also had many pupils including Anthoni Schoonjans, Simon de Marets, Jan Carel van Eyck, Guiliam Draeger (1668-69), Christoffel Franciscus Ponsel, Jacobus de Play (1669-1670), Peeter Heymans, Franciscus Carnonckel, Franciscus Cuylen, Hieronymus Galle (1673-74)", "id": "7354728" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nthat Erasmus II obtained a degree in philosophy. This explains the fact that he wrote a philosophical tract entitled \"Philosophia\", which was recorded in the 1679 inventory of his estate. Quellinus became a regular collaborator with Rubens from 1635. He first worked on the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the new governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand. Rubens was in overall charge of this project. Quellinus made decorative paintings after designs by Rubens of which six have survived. In the period 1636-1638 Rubens", "id": "11150845" }, { "contents": "Joannes Chrysostomus Teniers\n\n\n. As abbot he took the motto \"Tene Quod Bene\" (\"Hold on to what is good\", 1 Thessalonians 5, verse 21). Teniers died in Antwerp on 30 November 1709. His portrait painted by Jan-Erasmus Quellinus is inside Tongerlo Abbey. Teniers had some reputation as a preacher and a manuscript of his sermons for feastdays was preserved in the monastery library, as well as two volumes of his notes on the works of St Augustine. One of Teniers' poems was published in the preliminary matter", "id": "1158593" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nThese paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Erasmus Quellinus II collaborated on garland paintings with still life specialists, such as his brother-in-law Jan Philip van Thielen, Daniel Seghers, Jan Pieter Brueghel, Frans Ykens, Peter Willebeeck and Jan Anton van der Baren. These collaborators painted the flower garland while Quellinus painted the figures and architectural setting. An example is the \"Holy Family in a Wreath of Flowers\"", "id": "11150856" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\n’ workshop received a large commission to make mythological decorations for the hunting pavilion Torre de la Parada of the Spanish king Philip IV near Madrid. For this project Quellinus painted decorations after oil sketches by Rubens some of which have been preserved (Prado Museum). In early 1637 Quellinus drew frontispieces for the Antwerp printing house Plantin Press according to Rubens’ instructions regarding iconography and layout. These drawings were in Quellinus’ own style as Rubens let him a free hand in the design of the modelli. His brother Artus Quellinus I returned", "id": "11150846" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nwith living people and animals. Van Utrecht also painted a number of flower still lifes. He was a regular collaborator with leading Antwerp painters who had been pupils or assistants of Peter Paul Rubens, such as Jacob Jordaens, David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus II, Gerard Seghers, Theodoor Rombouts, Abraham van Diepenbeeck and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Adriaen van Utrecht was born in Antwerp as the son of Abel van Utrecht en Anne Huybrecht. In 1614 he became a pupil of Herman de Neyt, a painter and art dealer who", "id": "18461230" }, { "contents": "Baroque sculpture\n\n\nof a family of famous sculptors and painters, and son of another sculptor, Erasmus Quellinus. He settled in Antwerp in 1639. He became close to Rubens, and his work applied many of the principles of the compositions of Rubens to sculpture. Another important Belgian Baroque sculptor was Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen (1654–1724), who carved very elaborate sculptures, full of biblical scenes, flora and fauna,allegories and symbols for the ceremonial puppets the cathedrals and churches in Brussels, Louvain, Antwerp, Mechelen, and other cities. Early", "id": "16040697" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nwas back in Antwerp in 1657 and became an Antwerp burgher on 11 May 1663. His wife died on 15 October 1668 and the next year Artus remarried to Cornelia Volders. In the latter part of his life Quellinus received many commissions, primarily for church furnishings and tomb sculptures. His pupils include Alexander van Papenhoven, Thomas Quellinus, Jan van den Steen, (1633–1723), the Master of the St. Luke in Antwerp, Cornelis van Scheyck (1679–1680); Balten Rubbens (1685–1686); Adriaen Govaerts (1690–91) and", "id": "13073285" }, { "contents": "Peter Ykens\n\n\ntrained 28 pupils including Karel Breydel, Erasmus Causse, Gaspaer Janssens, Jan Thomas van Kessel, Henderick van Mael, Francis Scalie, Jan Baptist Kretsaert and Jacob Leyssens. His eldest son Jan Frans became a staffage painter who collaborated with still life painters of flowers and fruit. He died in Antwerp. He painted portraits and Christian religious representations and made a large number of altarpieces and paintings for local churches and palaces. As was the custom in Antwerp at the time, he often worked together with other painters who were specialists in", "id": "8049116" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\n. The couple had six children of whom three became artists: Artus Quellinus III and Thomas Quellinus were both successful sculptors whereas Cornelis Quellinus became a painter about whom little is known. The young Artus joined his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Amsterdam around 1653 where he became one of the members of the team of artists that worked under the direction of Artus I on the decoration of the newly built City Hall on the Dam Square. The artist traveled to Italy and probably visited Turin, Florence and Rome between 1655 and 1657. He", "id": "13073284" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nUden. The couple had three sons: Erasmus, who would become a painter and engraver, Artus, who would follow in his father’s footsteps and become a sculptor, and Hubertus, who became an engraver and painter. His daughter Cornelia Quellinus married his pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. He was the teacher of Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder, Melchior Charles, Wallerant Vaillant, Joos Sterck (1607); Rombout Claes (1609), Melchior van der Lanen (1612), Hans Franscoys (1614),", "id": "7355032" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nfurther inspired by the cult of veneration and devotion to Mary prevalent at the Habsburg court (then the rulers over the Southern Netherlands) and in Antwerp generally. Garland paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image, portrait or other religious symbol (such as the host). The paintings are usually a collaboration between a flower painter and a staffage painter. Van Thielen produced multiple garland paintings in collaboration with other artists. His collaborators included his brother-in-law Erasmus Quellinus II, Nicolas de Largilliere, Jan van", "id": "12866287" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nhe was the brother-in-law of Erasmus Quellinus II. Erasmus Quelllinus was married to the sister of his wife and would become one of the leading history painters in Flanders after the deaths of Rubens and van Dyck. Quellinus drew van Thielens’ portrait that was engraved by Richard Collin for Cornelis de Bie's book of artist biographies Het Gulden Cabinet. Van Thielen and his wife had 9 children. Because he liked flower painting he changed masters in 1641 and began training with Daniel Seghers, the leading flower painter in Flanders", "id": "12866282" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nbe regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. Typical examples of his work are the painting \"A Poor Company at Table in a Rustic Kitchen\" held by the National Trust at Tyntesfield and oil on copper religious paintings, such as \"Daniel in the Lion's Den\"", "id": "11181882" }, { "contents": "Mattheus Borrekens\n\n\nAntwerp on 25 December 1670. Mattheus Borrekens was mainly a reproductive printmaker. He made prints after the work of leading Flemish painters of his time such as Rubens, van Dyck, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Abraham van Diepenbeeck, Jan Thomas van Ieperen, Pieter van Lint and Cornelis Schut. He mainly concentrated on Christian religious subjects and portraits. He also engraved frontispieces of publications such as Christophe Butkens's\"Trophées tant sacrés et profanes du Duché de Brabant\". 1724-1726. For this publication he engraved after a design by van Diepenbeeck", "id": "2345697" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nmaster’s daughter, Cornelia Quellinus. Through his marriage he became the brother in law of the leading Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1641 and in 1659 he became the deacon of the Guild. His first wife died in 1662, and he remarried in 1665, to Elisabeth Lemmens. He was the father of the sculptors Pieter Verbrugghen II and Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen. His daughter Suzanna married the sculptor Peeter Meesens. His pupils included some of the leading representatives of the", "id": "11276651" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nhave made individual statues, none of which have survived. In 1635 he was awarded the contract to make the pulpit of the St. Elisabeth Hospital in Antwerp. This work is an example of early Baroque in Antwerp and shows Erasmus’ mastery of balance and symmetry, even though there is no sense of realism. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known commissions. He made the original design for the pulpit, which, after his death, was somewhat changed by his son Artus while Pieter Verbrugghen", "id": "7355034" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Barbé\n\n\nNicolaas Lauwers for infringement of privileges relating to prints he had created, he received the support of Rubens. Barbé married Christien (or Christina) Wierix, the daughter of the prominent engraver and publisher Hieronymus Wierix on 30 March 1620. According to the contemporary notes of the painter Erasmus Quellinus II, Barbé was a very ugly person, while his daughter, who was a gifted engraver, was counted among 'the most beautiful women of Antwerp'. Hieronymus Wierix , the father of his wife, had died in 1619 before the", "id": "20064889" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nthe most successful Flemish Baroque sculptor of the mid 17th century. Artus II is likely to have received his training as a sculptor from his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Antwerp to where he must have moved from his native city of Sint-Truiden (then in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, now in the Belgian province of Limburg). Artus Quellinus II became a master of the Guild of Saint Luke in Antwerp in 1650–51. Artus Quellinus II married Anna Maria Gabron, the sister of the painter Willem Gabron, in 1653", "id": "13073283" }, { "contents": "Daniel Seghers\n\n\n, the collaborators are not always known with certainty. It is known he often worked with Cornelis Schut, Erasmus Quellinus II, Abraham van Diepenbeek, Simon de Vos, Jan van den Hoecke, Gonzales Coques and Rubens. Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert is also mentioned as his collaborator. It is possible that Seghers collaborated with Rubens on a garland painting for the Saint Carolus Borromeus church in Antwerp. During his stay in Rome he also collaborated with Poussin and Domenichino. Unlike in his later collaborations, Seghers is believed to have added flower garlands", "id": "7240113" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nErasmus de Bie (1629 in Antwerp – 1675 in Antwerp) was a Flemish Baroque painter known for his city views and genre scenes. He depicted several lively scenes of large public celebrations in his hometown of Antwerp. It is not clear whether the views of Italianate cities and landscapes attributed to him are the work of Adriaen de Bie, a Flemish painter from Lier who worked in Italy for a while. Very little is known about the life of Erasmus de Bie. He was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter", "id": "4566739" }, { "contents": "Willem Gabron\n\n\n. He was first registered in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke as a ‘wijnmeester’ (i.e. son of a master of the Guild) in the guild year 1640-41, along with his younger brother Antoon. His sister Anna Maria married the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Younger. Gabron travelled to Rome, at the latest by 1646. Here he became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the", "id": "12740318" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nBaroque painter, and the engraving of the frontispiece was made by Jacob Neefs (Antwerp, June 3, 1610 – 1660), also after a design by Erasmus Quellinus the Younger. Christoffel Plantin (1520–1589), grandfather of Balthasar Moretus, set up his printing shop called 'De Gulden Passer' (Golden Compasses) in Antwerp in 1555, publishing both Catholic and Protestant literature. This Frenchman, who fled his native country to Antwerp to escape the persecution during the 1540s, was the best-known printer of his time", "id": "2235324" }, { "contents": "Jan Anton van der Baren\n\n\nare a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder. These paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Van der Baren collaborated on garland paintings with other painters, such as Erasmus Quellinus II and the Flemish émigré painter Nikolaus van Hoy. These collaborators painted the devotional image while van der Baren painted the flower garland. An example is the \"Garland of flowers surrounding the Holy Family", "id": "16752890" }, { "contents": "Jacob de Formentrou\n\n\nthe conclusion that the painting is not a collaboration between all the artists whose works are represented in the painting but rather represents the combined effort of de Formentrou and Erasmus Quellinus II, a leading Antwerp painter. F. G. Meijer on the other hand believes that the composition is a collaboration between all of the artists whose work are depicted. He attributes the composition and the various pictures depicted in it as follows: The painting can be read as a reference to connoisseurship, and in particular the connoisseur's activity of evaluating the authorship of", "id": "8771731" }, { "contents": "Nicolaas van Eyck\n\n\nstarted to study in 1632. He was a captain of a local schutterij and this may be a reason why he painted military scenes. He was friends with the flower painter Jan Philip van Thielen, who had also been a pupil of Rombouts. Van Eyck was godfather to at least one of van Thielen's nine children. He was the teacher of Pieter Hofman. His sons Nicolaas II and Jan Carel van Eyck became painters. Jan Carel was a student of Jan Erasmus Quellinus and spent time in Italy. Nicolaas van Eyck", "id": "8735899" }, { "contents": "Philips Augustijn Immenraet\n\n\nwould paint the landscape while the other specialist painters would take care of other aspects of the painting such as staffage, architecture, animals or still life elements. A collaboration with Erasmus Quellinus II is reported by the Dutch biographer Arnold Houbraken. The Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium holds the 1672 painting \"The Legend of William Tell shown to the Antwerp Guild of St Sebastian\", which is a collaboration between Immenraet, Wilhelm Schubert van Ehrenberg (who painted the architecture) and Karel-Emmanuel Biset. He also worked with", "id": "10869502" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nUniversity – the same city where Jan Baptist Zangrius was also active. Here Lobkowitz published a major work titled \"Theologia Moralis ad prima, eaque clarissima principia reducta\" printed by Perus Zangrius (Lovanii, typis ac sumptibus Petrus Zangrius, 1645). His book titled \"Philippus Prudens\" containing some hatched arms was published in 1639 by Balthasar Moretus in Antwerp. The coats of arms were engraved by Cornelius Galle the Younger, after the drawings of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger (Antwerp, 1607 - Antwerp, 1678), a Flemish", "id": "2235323" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nFrans de Bie the Elder. He was baptised on 20 December 1629 in the St. Walburga church in Antwerp. He became a pupil of David Ryckaert III in 1641 and was admitted as a master in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645-1646. He married Catharina Douglas, called de Schot (the Scot), and was the father of Frans and Jan Baptist de Bie, who both became painters. Jan Baptist emigrated to Vienna where he remained active. Erasmus de Bie had pupils in 1660 and in 1666,", "id": "4566740" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck (III)\n\n\nSnellinck the Younger was a genre and history painter. His great-grandfather was the prominent Flemish painter and art dealer Jan Snellinck the Elder, who was originally from Mechelen and worked most of his career in Antwerp. Jan Snellinck (III)'s grand-uncles Daniel and Gerard were also painters. Very little is known about the life of Jan Snellinck (III). He likely trained with his father. He was active in Rotterdam for his entire career. The death date and place of Jan Snellinck are not known but", "id": "10515381" }, { "contents": "Anton Goubau\n\n\nat the front on the right, which expresses the transience of power and fame. In addition to his cityscapes, Goubau painted many religious compositions, especially designed for churches in Antwerp. He also made a number of religious paintings on copper as part of a series made for the Spanish market to which other Flemish painters such as Willem van Herp, Erasmus Quellinus II, and possibly Abraham Willemsens contributed. The series is now kept in the Convent of las Comendadoras de Santiaga in Madrid. He painted portraits as evidenced by the portrait", "id": "4569148" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof forms achieved through a sculptural use of light. Quellinus’ oldest known work is the 1634 \"Adoration of the Shepherds\" (Alte Pinakothek, Munich), which is in this Caravaggesque mode. From the 1640s, his style took on a classicizing aspect and a sculptured look. Erasmus never travelled to Italy so this stylistic development was likely influenced by the work of his brother Artus, who introduced his own style of classicizing Baroque in Flemish sculpture after returning from Rome in 1640. Both brothers depicted similar idealizing Antique figures in", "id": "11150852" }, { "contents": "Jan Siberechts\n\n\nEngland around 1672 and spent the first three years in England painting decorations in the Duke’s newly built Cliveden House at Taplow, Buckinghamshire, England. From the second part of the 1670s and in the 1680s he travelled widely in England completing numerous commissions for aristocratic clients. He lived in London where one of his daughters was a lace-maker for the Queen. His younger daughter, Frances, married the Flemish émigré sculptor Artus Quellinus III (known in England as 'Arnold Quellinus') and, after being widowed, John", "id": "14682967" }, { "contents": "Jan Fyt\n\n\n, Fyt collaborated regularly with other painters who were specialist in other areas such as figure, landscape or architectural painting. He thus relied on figure painters such as Cornelius Schut, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly on occasion Jacob Jordaens and on figure and architectural painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II. Jan Fyt produced many drawings of animals based usually on studies from nature. The Hermitage holds a large gouache drawing of a \"\". It is rich in colour and carefully executed and was likely intended as a model for tapestry cartoon. Fyt", "id": "1007601" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nartistic direction over the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the newly appointed governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, Leo van Heil worked as Quellinus' architectural assistant. The Archduke became his patron and appointed him as his court architect and commissioned various projects from van Heil, including a stone gate for the Archduke's palace in Brussels. The painter and printmaker Renier Meganck, who later worked as a court painter in Vienna, became a pupil of Leo van Heil in Brussels in 1656. In his time Leo van", "id": "8052851" }, { "contents": "Gerard Seghers\n\n\nGerard Seghers (1591 in Antwerp – 18 March 1651 in Antwerp) was a Flemish painter, art collector and art dealer. After a period of study of study and residence in Rome, he returned to Flanders where he became one of the leading representatives of the Flemish Caravaggisti movement. In his later career he abandoned the Caravaggist style and genre motifs to become an important painter of large altarpieces for local churches. Gerard Seghers was born in Antwerp as the son of innkeeper Jan Seghers and his wife Ida de Neve. He was", "id": "7355415" }, { "contents": "Jacob Leyssens\n\n\nJacob Leyssens or Jacob Lyssens (nickname Notenkraker) (1661, Antwerp - 1710, Antwerp), was a Flemish painter and decorator. After training in Antwerp, he spent a long time in Rome. After his return to Antwerp, he was active as a painter and decorator and collaborated with prominent Antwerp still life painters such as Gaspar Peeter Verbruggen the Younger and Jan Baptist Bosschaert. He was a student of Peter Ykens in 1674. He travelled to Rome at a young age as he is mentioned there in 1680. He", "id": "13757002" }, { "contents": "Francesco Ruschi\n\n\nFrancesco Ruschi was an Italian painter born in Rome around 1610. He studied in Rome under Giuseppe Cesari (Cavalier d'Arpino), Francesco Albani and Pietro da Cortona. His work also shows the influence of Caravaggio. He settled in Venice before 1629. He became a friend of the writer Giovan Francesco Loredan, for whom he drew the cover pages of several works. He moved to Treviso from 1656, and died there in 1661. Ruschi was influenced by the paintings of Paolo Veronese in his academic and decorative interpretations. These include", "id": "14035066" }, { "contents": "St. Peter in Chains Church (Beringen)\n\n\nor Vandereyt) and date from the late 17th century. Jan Rutten from Sint-Truiden completed the stalls after the death of Laurens Vandenreyt. The Baroque high altar contains a painting representing Christ on the cross attributed to the Antwerp painter Erasmus Quellinus II. The side altars are portico altars and contain the Baroque paintings \" Assumption and Coronation of Mary\" and the \"Finding of the Cross\", both by Anton Goubau. The rood screen is neogothic. The organ was manufactured in 1853 by Henri Vermeersch from Duffel and is the", "id": "12887333" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck\n\n\nJan Snellinck or Jan Snellinck (I) (Mechelen, c. 1548 – Antwerp, 1 October 1638) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and designer of tapestries, prints and frescoes. He is known for his large altarpieces and was also recognized as a leading battle painter in his time. Snellinck was active as an art dealer and art collector. Jan Snellinck was born in Mechelen as the son of Daniël Snellinck I, a painter and hawker, and Cornelia Verhulst (alias: Bessemeers). His mother came from a family", "id": "12059012" }, { "contents": "Paul de Vos\n\n\n. De Vos was able to develop his own personal style that accentuated abrupt movement, the gruesome aspects of hunts, used warmer colours and a broader brush stroke than Snyders. He also expanded the iconographic tradition with scenes of fighting cats and horses attacked by wolves. As was common amongst artists in 17th-century Antwerp, De Vos frequently collaborated with other painters. He collaborated with Rubens, Anthony van Dyck (, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg), Erasmus Quellinus II, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert, Adriaen van Utrecht and Jan Wildens", "id": "4556665" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nPieter Verbrugghen I (alternative spellings: \"Pieter Verbruggen I\", \"Peter van der Brugghen I\", \"Pieter van der Brugghen I\", \"Peter Verbrugghen I\", \"Peeter Verbrugghen I\") (1615, Antwerp – 1686, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor from the Baroque. He was apprenticed in 1625 as a 'beeltsnijder' (sculptor) to Simon de Neef, who was an 'antijcsnijder' (ornamental sculptor). Later he worked under Erasmus Quellinus I and in 1641 he married his", "id": "11276650" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nThomas Quellinus (March 1661 – September 1709), also known, especially in Denmark, as Thomas Qvellinus, was a Flemish baroque sculptor. He was born in Antwerp but worked mainly in Copenhagen, Denmark. He is especially known for the production of grandiose and sumptuous memorial chapels, sepulchral monuments and epitaphs, which can be found in churches throughout Denmark and northern Germany’s Schleswig-Holstein area. His chapels and monuments are dramatically composed, executed in rare, differently coloured types of marble and framed by monumental architectural components.", "id": "11778978" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nscenes and designs for tapestries. Like Rubens, Quellinus was a \"pictor doctus\" with a strong grounding in ancient history and philosophy. He had built an extensive library and art collection. This learning is reflected in the subject matter of his work. Even while he was a frequent collaborator with Rubens’ workshop in the 1630s, Quellinus developed a personal style distinctive from that of Rubens. This style is reminiscent of the Antwerp followers of Caravaggio such as Theodoor Rombouts and Gerard Seghers. Characteristics of this style are the strong modeling", "id": "11150851" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Bosschaert\n\n\nJan Baptist Bosschaert or Jan Baptist Bosschaert the Younger (baptized on 17 December 1667 in Antwerp –1746 in Antwerp) was a Flemish still life painter who is principally known for his decorative still lifes with flowers. He collaborated with figure artists on compositions which combined allegorical or mythological scenes with a still life element. He was active in Antwerp. Jan Baptist Bosschaert was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter-baker Jan Baptist and his second wife Joanna de Bie, the sister of the painter Erasmus de Bie. His", "id": "20819606" }, { "contents": "Wallerant Vaillant\n\n\nWallerant Vaillant (30 May 1623 – 28 August 1677) was a painter of the Dutch Golden Age and one of the first artists to use the mezzotint technique, which he probably helped to develop. Wallerant Vaillant was born in Lille, the oldest of five brothers who all became successful painters. It is said Wallerant was a student of Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) in Antwerp. He moved with his parents in 1643 to Amsterdam. In 1647 he lived in Middelburg, but in 1649 he was back in Amsterdam. In", "id": "8302348" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nHans Bernaert (or Beernart) (1615) and Christoffel de la Fontaine (1633–34). His work is not well known since only a few of his works have survived. Erasmus is primarily known as a sculptor who drew inspiration from antiquity. He worked in the late Renaissance style although his later work shows a development towards early Baroque. The bulk of his commissions consisted of the renovation and replacement of church furniture that had been destroyed during the iconoclastic troubles of the 16th century. Besides decorative work, he is known to", "id": "7355033" }, { "contents": "Rombaut Pauwels\n\n\nbrother of François Duquesnoy, and the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus also worked in this workshop in Rome. They and Rombaut Pauwels brought the moderate Baroque style of François Duquesnoy with them when they returned to the Southern Netherlands. After his return to Flanders, Rombaut Pauwels was active mainly in his hometown Mechelen and in Ghent. Rombaut Pauwels’ pupils included the brothers Hendrik and Jan Matthys. Rombaut Pauwels was a capable sculptor who worked in the classicizing Baroque style pioneered by François Duquesnoy but he lacked the virtuoso technique of his contemporaries Artus Quellinus", "id": "9167166" }, { "contents": "Lucas de Wael\n\n\nLucas de Wael (3 March 1591 – 25 October 1661) was a Flemish painter, engraver and merchant. He was born in Antwerp and worked for some time in Genoa in Italy before returning to Antwerp, where he died. Lucas de Wael was born into an artistic family in Antwerp as the son of the painter Jan de Wael I (1558-1633). His mother Gertrude de Jode came from a family of artists: her father was the cartographer Gerard de Jode and her brother was the engraver Peter de Jode", "id": "2957457" }, { "contents": "Jan van Balen\n\n\nGaspard, Theodoor van Thulden, Jan de Labare and Erasmus Quellinus the Younger on the execution of designs for the gallery on the Meir and the triumphal arch at St. John's Church in Antwerp. The overall design of the decorations was under the direction of Rubens. [[File:Jan Brueghel II, Jan van Balen - The Feast of Bacchus (Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus).jpg|thumb|\"The Feast of Bacchus\", with [[Jan Brueghel the Younger]] Jan van Balen left on 8 September 1639 with his brother Gaspard on", "id": "19729208" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nfor the Council Chamber, is repeated in a painting by Erasmus. This development towards classicist rigidity may reflect the influence of French art with its preference for classicism. Erasmus’ work also gained a theatrical aspect as reflected in the 1652 painting \"Artemisia\" (Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, University of Glasgow). The painting has a theatrical background like a park. This tendency became more evident in the 1660s when his paintings started to include grandiose scenery with flamboyant architecture. This is clear in the \"Let the Children Come", "id": "11150854" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nin particular the marble decorations he and his workshop produced, became an example for other buildings in Amsterdam. The team of sculptors that Artus supervised during his work on the Amsterdam city hall included many sculptors who would become leading sculptors in their own right such as his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Rombout Verhulst, Bartholomeus Eggers and Gabriël Grupello and probably also Grinling Gibbons. He returned to work in Antwerp in 1658 and remained active mainly in this city until his death. His many pupils included his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Martin Deurweerders", "id": "8459223" }, { "contents": "David Teniers III\n\n\nDavid Teniers III, also referred to as David Teniers junior (baptized 10 July 1638 – 2 October 1685) was a Flemish painter and tapestry designer who was mainly active in Antwerp, Madrid and Brussels. He is known for his portraits, religious compositions and genre scenes. David Teniers III was born in Antwerp where he was baptized on July 10 in the St. James' Church. He was a scion of two very prominent artist families from Antwerp: his father was the painter David Teniers the Younger and his mother was Anna", "id": "17442937" }, { "contents": "Gerard Douffet\n\n\nGerard Douffet (6 aug 1594 – 1660/1661), also known as Doufeet or Duffeit, was a Flemish painter. He was born at Liège in 1594, and studied for some time at Antwerp in the school of Rubens, and afterwards in Italy. He composed and designed with good taste, and his historical pictures are much esteemed. 'Pope Nicholas V. at the Tomb of St. Francis of Assisi ' (painted in 1627), 'St. Helena and the true Cross' (painted for the Abbey of St. Lawrence,", "id": "6883668" }, { "contents": "Jan van Buken\n\n\nJan van Buken or Jan van Beucken (10 March 1635 – 6 February 1690) was a Flemish painter mainly known for his genre paintings and still lifes. Jan van Buken was born in Antwerp. He became a master in the Guild of Saint Luke in 1658 where he was registered under the name 'Jan van Beucken'. In the period from 1666 to 1682 he worked in Rome while regularly travelling back to Antwerp. He returned to live in Antwerp after the death of his parents. Jan Baptist Beveren was registered as", "id": "15324731" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ntheir work in this period. His \"Adoration of the Holy Sacrament\" (1646) was painted in this style. From c. 1650 this classicism in his work became rigid and his compositions from this period made use of a limited number of stereotyped and idealized figure types. This stylistic development is evident in the interior decorations he made for the new City Hall of Amsterdam, which he executed in collaboration with his brother Artus. The brothers achieved stylistic agreement in this commission: the \"Judgement of Solomon\", which Artus sculpted", "id": "11150853" }, { "contents": "Nikolaus van Hoy\n\n\nhe would have met in Rome and had later joined him in Brussels. At about 1667 he became the court painter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria. He retained this post until his death in Vienna in 1679. He was succeeded at the court by his son Nickolaus van Hoey the Younger (Antwerp 1660- Vienna ca. 1710). He made landscapes and portraits. He engraved religious scenes and mythological figures adapted from originals of Veronese, Barocci and Raphael. He was one of the", "id": "16812974" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\ngenres including cattle market scenes, Italianate landscapes and village scenes. He is probably best known for his depiction of festivals and processions set in his native Antwerp. His village scenes are reminiscent of the genre scenes of David Teniers the Younger. He also took his inspiration from other Flemish artists. For instance, his composition \"\" likely drew its inspiration from similar paintings representing processions in cities by Flemish artists such as Pieter van Aelst and Erasmus de Bie. He painted many scenes of cattle markets, which offered him the opportunity to", "id": "3658943" }, { "contents": "Jan van den Hecke\n\n\nKunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Archduke Leopold Wilhem must have particularly liked his flower pieces as all of van den Hecke's paintings which he collected were pictures of flowers in vases and baskets and garland paintings. Van Hecke returned to Antwerp around 1657. In 1660 he married Maria Adriana Heyens with whom he had three children. His son, known as Jan van den Hecke II, was born in 1661 and became a popular painter of flowers as well as other types of still life. His two known pupils were Peeter vander Elstraeten (", "id": "14931009" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nLeo van Heil (Brussels, 1605 – c.1664), was a Flemish architect, painter and miniature painter mainly of flowers and insects. He is chiefly remembered for his designs of the Brigittines chapel and the tower of the Saint Nicholas Church, both in Brussels. Leo van Heil was born in Brussels. He had two brothers who were also artists: Jan Baptist van Heil was a portrait painter and Daniel van Heil was a landscape painter specialising in winter scenes or burning fires. When in 1648 Erasmus Quellinus was given the general", "id": "8052850" }, { "contents": "Jan Verhas\n\n\ngovernment awarded him a special subsidy of 1,200 francs and commissioned from him a composition depicting the Battle of Kallo. In 1862 he travelled via Paris and Lyon to Italy, where he made stops in Turin, Milan and Venice. He remained in Venice for two to three months, studying and copying the masters. Lack of funds forced him to leave Italy. He travelled back via Paris where his brother Frans was working at the time. Jan assisted his brother in the execution of several decorative projects. Afterwards he resided in Antwerp", "id": "9399028" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\nPeeter the Elder and Joris became painters. Alexander trained under his father. He became a master in the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1685. On 11 August 1685, he married Cornelia Sporckmans, daughter of the Antwerp history painter Hubert Sporckmans. They had three daughters and six sons of whom Jan Frans became a painter. Alexander van Bredael died in Antwerp. His pupils include his son Jan Frans, Peeter Busschop, Johan Baptist Govaerts, Guielmus van Ryn and Pieter Snyers. Alexander van Bredael painted in a wide variety of", "id": "3658942" }, { "contents": "Filippo Zaniberti\n\n\nFilippo Zaniberti (1585–1636) was an Italian painter of the late Mannerist period. He was born in Brescia and active in Venice, where he became a pupil of Santo Peranda. Zaniberti's style recalls the richness of Paolo Veronese. He painted a \"Mannah in the desert\" for the main altarpiece of the church of Santa Maria Nuova of Venice. He worked alongside the fellow Peranda disciple, Matteo Ponzone, in the decoration of the Ducal palace of Mirandola. He painted a \"Marriage of St Catherine\" for the church", "id": "19300082" }, { "contents": "St. Paul's Church, Antwerp\n\n\ntwisted marble columns. The painting \"Adoration of the shepherds\" by Rubens forms the altar piece. The Maria Chapel also contains a white marble sculpture of \"Our Lady of Sorrows\" by Jan Pieter van Baurscheit de Elder. The church holds elaborate tomb monuments attributed to Johannes van Mildert, Pieter Verbrugghen II and Andries Colyns de Nole. The 17th century organ is regarded as one of the most important organs of Belgium. The monumental organ case was sculpted by Pieter Verbrugghen I after a design by Erasmus Quellinus II. In 1623", "id": "10432986" }, { "contents": "David Teniers the Elder\n\n\nDavid Teniers the Elder (158229 July 1649), Flemish painter, was born at Antwerp. Having received his first training in the painter's art from his brother Juliaen, he studied under Rubens in Antwerp, and subsequently under Elsheimer in Rome; he became a member of the Antwerp guild of painters in 1606. Though his ambition led him at times to try his skill in large religious, historical and mythological compositions, his claim to fame depends chiefly on his landscapes and paintings of peasants carousing, of kermesse scenes and the", "id": "12948361" } ]

[ { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke as a 'wijnmeester', i.e. the son of a member of the Guild. The next year he married Cornelia Teniers, the daughter of painter David Teniers the Younger. Jan Erasmus Quellinus received many commissions including a large commission for paintings destined for Antwerp’s Saint Michael's Abbey. Around 1680 Quellinus worked in Vienna for the Habsburg court as a court painter to Emperor Leopold I. Among other works, the most important commission he completed was a series of 15 ceiling paintings on events in the life", "id": "7354727" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nJan-Erasmus Quellinus or Jan Erasmus Quellinus (1634 in Antwerp – 11 March 1715 in Mechelen) was a Flemish painter and draughtsman and a member of the famous Quellinus family of artists. He was one of the last prominent representatives of the great Flemish school of history and portrait painting in the 17th century. His work displays the classicizing influences of his father Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and Paolo Veronese. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his grandfather Erasmus Quellinus", "id": "7354724" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nwritten as \" Sederboom\"), which means 'cedar tree'. He is also reported to have used another nickname: 'Corpus'. Quellinus later moved to Venice where he resided from circa 1660 to 1661. Here he was influenced by the style of Veronese as is shown by his drawings from that time. During his stay in Northern Italy he was also introduced to the architecture of Palladio, which informed some of the decorative motifs he used in his later compositions. Upon his return to Antwerp in 1661 he joined", "id": "7354726" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof his father’s Classicism. As a result art historians have difficulty attributing some works to either artist. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus developed further on the Classicism of his father linking it with the influence of Paolo Veronese from whom he borrowed grandeur and various dynamic details. Unlike his father he liked to incorporate in his paintings grand architectural elements which were derived from the Palladian buildings he had seen in Northern Italy. As was common practice at the time, he collaborated with specialist painters in Antwerp such as the still life painter Jan Fyt", "id": "7354730" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Elder, his father Erasmus the Younger, and his uncles Artus Quellinus the Elder and Hubertus Quellinus. He was trained by his father from 1649. Jan-Erasmus travelled to Italy where he initially resided in Rome from 1657 to 1659. He became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Jan-Erasmus was given the bent name \"Seederboom\" (also", "id": "7354725" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\none of the leading artistic families in Antwerp, producing sculptors, painters and printmakers who would develop careers in Flanders and abroad. Father Erasmus Quellinus I, a sculptor, had moved from Sint-Truiden to Antwerp. The brothers of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger were both artists: Artus (1609-1668) was a leading Baroque sculptor and Hubertus (1619-1687) an engraver. Erasmus Quellinus II became a student of Jan-Baptist Verhaeghe, an obscure artist, in 1633. He became a master of the Antwerp Guild", "id": "11150843" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Me\" of 1664 (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels). These later compositions possible reflect an influence by the early work of his son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. As was common in Antwerp at the time, Quellinus collaborated with other painters. He worked with still life specialists on still lifes and portraits. Many of the still lifes fall into the category of ‘garland paintings’. Garland paintings are a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder.", "id": "11150855" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus the Younger and Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) was a Flemish painter, engraver, draughtsman and tapestry designer who worked in various genres including history, portrait, battle and animal paintings. He was a pupil of Peter Paul Rubens and was one of the closest collaborators of Rubens in the 1630s. Following Rubens’ death in 1640 he became one of the most prolific and successful painters in Flanders. Erasmus Quellinus II was born in Antwerp as the son of Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden. The Quellinus family became", "id": "11150842" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus I or Erasmus Quellinus the Elder (alternate names: Erasmus Quellinck, Erasme Quellin (I)) (Sint-Truiden, 1584 - Antwerp, 22 January 1640) was a Flemish sculptor best known for classically inspired ornamentation work and copies after the antique. He was the founder of an important Antwerp dynasty of artists. Details of his early life and training have not survived. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1606. He married Betje van Uden, the sister of the painter Lucas van", "id": "7355031" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nHis brothers became prominent artists: Erasmus was a painter and Hubertus was an engraver and painter. His sister Cornelia married his father’s pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. Artus Quellinus received his first training from his father. In the period from 1635 to 1639 he trained in Rome in the studio of his compatriot François Duquesnoy. He spent time in Lyon together with the Flemish painter Laureys Franck and was in contact there with the Dutch engraver Nicolaas van Helt Stockade and the Dutch painter Jan Asselijn. He returned to Antwerp", "id": "8459221" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\n, Joseph van den Kerckhoven, Davit van den Heuvel, Francis Cools, Allowisius de Meyere, Jan-Baptist Hyacint Breydel, Gaspar (or Jasper) de Cantelbeeck (1685-86), Jan François Blondeau and Jacobus Blondeau (1697-98). From 1712 the artist resided and worked in Mechelen where he died on 11 March 1715. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was principally a history painter who also painted the occasional portrait. He had an extensive output supported by a large workshop. His style is closely related to that", "id": "7354729" }, { "contents": "Anthoni Schoonjans\n\n\nMarch 1655. He became in the Guild year 1668-1669 in Antwerp an apprentice of Erasmus Quellinus II and that master's son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. From 1674 to 1677 the artist resided in Reims and he also spent some time in Paris. In 1674 his mother met up with her son Anthoni in Reims. He left France and from 6 January 1675 he resided in Rome, where he familiarised himself with the Italian Baroque. He shared in Rome a residence with the flower painter Carel de Vogelaer in Via Margutta.", "id": "9299848" }, { "contents": "Nicolaes van Verendael\n\n\nteacher of someone referred to as 'priest Cano' and the flower painter Jean Baptiste Morel. Van Verendael mainly painted flower pieces, vanitas still lifes and a few allegorical scenes with monkeys. His dated works are from the period between 1659 and 1690. He was highly regarded from an early age when he started working with some of the leading Antwerp painters such as David Teniers the Younger, Gonzales Coques, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Boeckhorst, Carstian Luyckx and Jan Davidsz. de Heem. His early work shows the influence of", "id": "18460769" }, { "contents": "Theodoor Boeyermans\n\n\n' dated works are dated between 1660 and 1677. He was mainly a painter of history and allegorical paintings. The artist received many important commissions for churches in his native Antwerp, the Kempen region and in Malines, but made his name in his hometown by painting secular compositions. He also painted group portraits. Together with Jan-Erasmus Quellinus, Boeyermans was one of the last important 17th-century Flemish history painters. His style was influenced by Rubens and van Dyck but he favoured a darker palette than those two artists.", "id": "6673291" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin 1662. On 9 November 1663, Erasmus Quellinus II married Françoise de Fren. De Fren was the daughter of the well-off André de Fren, secretary of the Council of Brabant, and the sister of Isabella de Fren, who was married to the court painter David Teniers II. In 1665 Quellinus designed a cenotaph for the deceased Philip IV of Spain and the decorations for the Joyous Entry of Don Francisco de Moura as governor of the Habsburg Netherlands. Erasmus Quellinus II died in Antwerp on 7 November 1678. His", "id": "11150849" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Antwerp from Rome around 1640. Artus worked in a classicizing style of Baroque under the influence of his compatriot, the sculptor François Duquesnoy, in whose workshop in Rome he had worked. This style had in turn been influenced by the Classicism of Annibale Carracci. The two brothers would from then on work together on various projects and mutually influence each other. After Rubens’ death in 1640 Erasmus Quellinus became one of the leading history painters of Flanders. He received many commissions for altarpieces in the region. In 1648 he was", "id": "11150847" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ncommissioned to make the decorations for the Joyous Entry of the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm into Antwerp, thus playing the same role as Rubens 13 years earlier for the Joyous Entry of Ferdinand. He made the decorations for the announcement of the Treaty of Westphalia in the same year. Around 1656 Erasmus worked in Amsterdam where his brother Artus was responsible for the decoration of the new City Hall. Erasmus assisted in this project and the brothers also collaborated on other commissions. Erasmus painted altarpieces for clandestine Catholic churches in Amsterdam. His first wife died", "id": "11150848" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\npupils included his son Jan Erasmus Quellinus, Guilliam Forchondt (II), Julius de Geest, Willem de Ryck, Anthoni Schoonjans, Wallerant Vaillant and Remacle Serin. Erasmus Quellinus II was a very versatile artist who worked in various genres. He received numerous commissions for altarpieces depicting Counter-Reformation themes for churches and monasteries throughout the Southern Netherlands. He also received many civic commissions which allowed him to show his learning in the depiction of scenes from ancient history and mythology and allegorical compositions. In addition, he produced portraits, battle", "id": "11150850" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof Saint Luke in 1633-1634. In the 1630s, the artist worked and likely studied in the workshop of Rubens and regularly collaborated on projects with Rubens. In 1634 Erasmus II married Catharina de Hemelaer, a niece of Jan de Hemelaer, the deacon of Antwerp Cathedral. Their son Jan Erasmus followed in his father’s footsteps and became a painter. From the notes made by his son Jan Erasmus in the margin of his copy of Cornelis de Bie’s book of artist biographies entitled Het Gulden Cabinet, it is known", "id": "11150844" }, { "contents": "Jan van Kessel the Elder\n\n\na figure painter was responsible for the figure or other image in the cartouche. His collaborators on garland paintings are believed to have included his uncle David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus the Elder, Hendrick van Balen the Elder, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly Jan Boeckhorst. An example of a collaborative garland painting made by Jan van Kessel and David Teniers the Younger is the composition (c. 1660-1670, Louvre). In this work Jan van Kessel painted a decorative garland representing the four elements around a cartouche showing a young", "id": "16247184" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin the Hermitage Museum, a collaboration with Frans Ykens. Quellinus further collaborated with the animal and still life painter Jan Fyt on portraits such as the \"Portrait of a young boy\" (Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp) of c. 1650. Quellinus also collaborated with animal painters Peter Boel and genre painter Jan van Kessel the Elder. Erasmus Quellinus II executed various tapestry designs. In 1649 he produced the designs for a tapestry series depicting the \"History of the Thurn and Taxis Family\" (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of", "id": "11150857" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nHe was a member of the well-known Quellinus family of artists from 17th century Antwerp, major center of artistic life then known as \"the Florence of the North\". Thomas Quellinus was born in Antwerp to the leading Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus II and Anna Maria Gabron, and was baptised on 17 March 1661. He trained in his father’s workshop in the art of sculpture. After completing his apprenticeship with his father, he went to London, England, where he worked with his brother Artus Quellinus III. While", "id": "11778979" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nArtus Quellinus also known as Artus (Arnoldus) Quellijn, Artus Quellinus I or Artus Quellinus the Elder (20 or 30 August 1609, Antwerp  – 23 August 1668, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor. He is regarded as the most important representative of the Baroque in sculpture in the Southern Netherlands. His work had a major influence on the development of sculpture in Northern Europe. Artus Quellinus the Elder was born into an artistic family. He was the son of the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden.", "id": "8459220" }, { "contents": "Jan Pieter Brueghel\n\n\nJan Pieter Brueghel or Jan Pieter Breughel (29 August 1628 (baptised) – 1664) was a Flemish Baroque painter specialised in flower still lifes. Brueghel was born in Antwerp. He was the son of Jan Brueghel the Younger and Anna-Maria Janssens. He joined the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645 as \"wijnmeester\". He died in Italy, after 1664, and is known for flower still lifes. He created many garland paintings on which he collaborated with other painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II who painted the", "id": "10461841" }, { "contents": "Pieter Boel\n\n\nBoel got to know the work of the Genoese artist Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione and the still life painter Giuseppe Recco. He learned from these Italian masters to heighten the dramatic effect of his canvases by emphasizing the shadows. He also used red drapes in the background, a Baroque element par excellence, to enhance the atmosphere of his compositions. Boel is known to have collaborated with fellow Antwerp artists Erasmus Quellinus II and Jacob Jordaens, who painted the human figures in his compositions. Boel was accomplished in large-scale vanitas paintings depicting an", "id": "20560716" }, { "contents": "Pieter Bruegel the Elder\n\n\n(grandson of Jan Bruegel the Elder) and Jan van Kessel the Younger. Through David Teniers, the family is also related to the whole Teniers family of painters and the Quellinus family of painters and sculptors, since Jan-Erasmus Quellinus married Cornelia, daughter of David Teniers the Younger. Bruegel's art was long more highly valued by collectors than critics. His friend Abraham Ortelius described him in a friendship album in 1574 as \"the most perfect painter of his century\", but both Vasari and Van Mander see him as", "id": "17084192" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nflowers. The subject of vanitas as depicted here was unusual for van Utrecht and shows that his role in the development of new types of still life has not been sufficiently recognized in art-historical literature. As was common in Antwerp’s art sector at the time, van Utrecht collaborated with other specialist artists, typically figure painters. He is known to have provided the still life elements in paintings by Jacob Jordaens, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Cossiers, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. He is believed to have also collaborated with David Teniers", "id": "18461245" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nHubertus Quellinus or Hubert Quellinus (August 15, 1619, Antwerp – 1687) was a Flemish printmaker, draughtsman and painter and a member of the prominent Quellinus family of artists. His engravings after the work of his brother, the Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder, were instrumental in the spread of the Flemish Baroque idiom in Europe in the second half of the 17th century. Hubertus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his father Erasmus Quellinus the Elder and his brothers,", "id": "8520392" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus III\n\n\nArtus Quellinus III (1653, Antwerp – December 1686, London) was a Flemish sculptor active in London. His name is often anglicised to Arnold Quellan, Arnold Quellin or Arnold Quellinus or mistakenly given as \"Jan Quellinus\". He was the son of Artus Quellinus II and brother to the sculptor Thomas Quellinus and the painter Cornelis Quellinus He trained in his father's workshop in Antwerp before moving to London in 1682. He was married to Frances Siberechts, youngest daughter of the Antwerp-born painter Jan Siberechts, who had", "id": "13748725" }, { "contents": "Flemish Baroque painting\n\n\npainters combined a local influence from Rubens with knowledge of classicism and Italian Baroque qualities. Artists in the vein include Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Jan van den Hoecke, Pieter van Lint, Cornelis Schut, and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Later in the century, many painters turned to Anthony van Dyck as a major influence. Among them were Pieter Thijs, Lucas Franchoys the Younger, and artists who were also inspired by Late Baroque theatricality such as Theodoor Boeyermans and Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. Additionally, a Flemish variant of \"Caravaggism\"", "id": "6030293" }, { "contents": "Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen\n\n\nthe principal representatives of Flemish high baroque sculpture. The father had been a pupil of Erasmus Quellinus I, who was himself the founder of a prominent family of artists. The father married the daughter of his master Erasmus Quellinus. From this marriage Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was born. His brother Pieter Verbrugghen II was also a sculptor and worked in the workshop of his father. Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was trained by his father. Nonetheless, he did not start his career as a sculptor but as a draughtsman working with the illuminator Jan Ruyselinck", "id": "10070115" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nand Londerzeel. Many of his paintings can be regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. He often worked from prints made after the works of these masters to create his own compositions. An example is the (Prado Museum), which is based on a print after Rafael", "id": "11181884" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Rubens pupil Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and the prominent sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. In 1650 he traveled to Rome where he joined the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Hubertus was given the bent name \"Saracin\". Quellinus was in Amsterdam by 1660 where he collaborated on a publication, which consisted of two parts: the first part consisted of 30 plates depicting the Amsterdam", "id": "8520393" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\ncompleted the frontal decoration of the organ in the Antwerp cathedral, based on a design made by Erasmus Quellinus II. He and his workshop made the oak confessionals in the St. Paul's Church in Antwerp (between 1658 and 1660). He made the oak organ case in that church in collaboration with Artus Quellinus the Elder in 1654, and together with his son Pieter Verbrugghen II he executed the designs for the high altar in 1670. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known creations. The", "id": "11276653" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nArtus Quellinus II or Artus Quellinus the Younger (alternative first name: Arnold; variation on family name: Quellijn, Quellyn, Quellien, Quellin, Quellinius) (between 10 and 20 November 1625, Sint-Truiden – 22 November 1700, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor who played an important role in the evolution of Northern-European sculpture from High Baroque to Late Baroque. Artus Quellinus II was born into an artistic family. His uncle was the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I, whose son was Artus Quellinus I,", "id": "13073282" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Some of these works are now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. He returned to Antwerp where between the years 1685 and 1712 he worked on many commissions for churches in Antwerp and throughout Flanders. He also had many pupils including Anthoni Schoonjans, Simon de Marets, Jan Carel van Eyck, Guiliam Draeger (1668-69), Christoffel Franciscus Ponsel, Jacobus de Play (1669-1670), Peeter Heymans, Franciscus Carnonckel, Franciscus Cuylen, Hieronymus Galle (1673-74)", "id": "7354728" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nthat Erasmus II obtained a degree in philosophy. This explains the fact that he wrote a philosophical tract entitled \"Philosophia\", which was recorded in the 1679 inventory of his estate. Quellinus became a regular collaborator with Rubens from 1635. He first worked on the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the new governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand. Rubens was in overall charge of this project. Quellinus made decorative paintings after designs by Rubens of which six have survived. In the period 1636-1638 Rubens", "id": "11150845" }, { "contents": "Joannes Chrysostomus Teniers\n\n\n. As abbot he took the motto \"Tene Quod Bene\" (\"Hold on to what is good\", 1 Thessalonians 5, verse 21). Teniers died in Antwerp on 30 November 1709. His portrait painted by Jan-Erasmus Quellinus is inside Tongerlo Abbey. Teniers had some reputation as a preacher and a manuscript of his sermons for feastdays was preserved in the monastery library, as well as two volumes of his notes on the works of St Augustine. One of Teniers' poems was published in the preliminary matter", "id": "1158593" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nThese paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Erasmus Quellinus II collaborated on garland paintings with still life specialists, such as his brother-in-law Jan Philip van Thielen, Daniel Seghers, Jan Pieter Brueghel, Frans Ykens, Peter Willebeeck and Jan Anton van der Baren. These collaborators painted the flower garland while Quellinus painted the figures and architectural setting. An example is the \"Holy Family in a Wreath of Flowers\"", "id": "11150856" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\n’ workshop received a large commission to make mythological decorations for the hunting pavilion Torre de la Parada of the Spanish king Philip IV near Madrid. For this project Quellinus painted decorations after oil sketches by Rubens some of which have been preserved (Prado Museum). In early 1637 Quellinus drew frontispieces for the Antwerp printing house Plantin Press according to Rubens’ instructions regarding iconography and layout. These drawings were in Quellinus’ own style as Rubens let him a free hand in the design of the modelli. His brother Artus Quellinus I returned", "id": "11150846" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nwith living people and animals. Van Utrecht also painted a number of flower still lifes. He was a regular collaborator with leading Antwerp painters who had been pupils or assistants of Peter Paul Rubens, such as Jacob Jordaens, David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus II, Gerard Seghers, Theodoor Rombouts, Abraham van Diepenbeeck and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Adriaen van Utrecht was born in Antwerp as the son of Abel van Utrecht en Anne Huybrecht. In 1614 he became a pupil of Herman de Neyt, a painter and art dealer who", "id": "18461230" }, { "contents": "Baroque sculpture\n\n\nof a family of famous sculptors and painters, and son of another sculptor, Erasmus Quellinus. He settled in Antwerp in 1639. He became close to Rubens, and his work applied many of the principles of the compositions of Rubens to sculpture. Another important Belgian Baroque sculptor was Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen (1654–1724), who carved very elaborate sculptures, full of biblical scenes, flora and fauna,allegories and symbols for the ceremonial puppets the cathedrals and churches in Brussels, Louvain, Antwerp, Mechelen, and other cities. Early", "id": "16040697" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nwas back in Antwerp in 1657 and became an Antwerp burgher on 11 May 1663. His wife died on 15 October 1668 and the next year Artus remarried to Cornelia Volders. In the latter part of his life Quellinus received many commissions, primarily for church furnishings and tomb sculptures. His pupils include Alexander van Papenhoven, Thomas Quellinus, Jan van den Steen, (1633–1723), the Master of the St. Luke in Antwerp, Cornelis van Scheyck (1679–1680); Balten Rubbens (1685–1686); Adriaen Govaerts (1690–91) and", "id": "13073285" }, { "contents": "Peter Ykens\n\n\ntrained 28 pupils including Karel Breydel, Erasmus Causse, Gaspaer Janssens, Jan Thomas van Kessel, Henderick van Mael, Francis Scalie, Jan Baptist Kretsaert and Jacob Leyssens. His eldest son Jan Frans became a staffage painter who collaborated with still life painters of flowers and fruit. He died in Antwerp. He painted portraits and Christian religious representations and made a large number of altarpieces and paintings for local churches and palaces. As was the custom in Antwerp at the time, he often worked together with other painters who were specialists in", "id": "8049116" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\n. The couple had six children of whom three became artists: Artus Quellinus III and Thomas Quellinus were both successful sculptors whereas Cornelis Quellinus became a painter about whom little is known. The young Artus joined his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Amsterdam around 1653 where he became one of the members of the team of artists that worked under the direction of Artus I on the decoration of the newly built City Hall on the Dam Square. The artist traveled to Italy and probably visited Turin, Florence and Rome between 1655 and 1657. He", "id": "13073284" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nUden. The couple had three sons: Erasmus, who would become a painter and engraver, Artus, who would follow in his father’s footsteps and become a sculptor, and Hubertus, who became an engraver and painter. His daughter Cornelia Quellinus married his pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. He was the teacher of Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder, Melchior Charles, Wallerant Vaillant, Joos Sterck (1607); Rombout Claes (1609), Melchior van der Lanen (1612), Hans Franscoys (1614),", "id": "7355032" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nfurther inspired by the cult of veneration and devotion to Mary prevalent at the Habsburg court (then the rulers over the Southern Netherlands) and in Antwerp generally. Garland paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image, portrait or other religious symbol (such as the host). The paintings are usually a collaboration between a flower painter and a staffage painter. Van Thielen produced multiple garland paintings in collaboration with other artists. His collaborators included his brother-in-law Erasmus Quellinus II, Nicolas de Largilliere, Jan van", "id": "12866287" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nhe was the brother-in-law of Erasmus Quellinus II. Erasmus Quelllinus was married to the sister of his wife and would become one of the leading history painters in Flanders after the deaths of Rubens and van Dyck. Quellinus drew van Thielens’ portrait that was engraved by Richard Collin for Cornelis de Bie's book of artist biographies Het Gulden Cabinet. Van Thielen and his wife had 9 children. Because he liked flower painting he changed masters in 1641 and began training with Daniel Seghers, the leading flower painter in Flanders", "id": "12866282" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nbe regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. Typical examples of his work are the painting \"A Poor Company at Table in a Rustic Kitchen\" held by the National Trust at Tyntesfield and oil on copper religious paintings, such as \"Daniel in the Lion's Den\"", "id": "11181882" }, { "contents": "Mattheus Borrekens\n\n\nAntwerp on 25 December 1670. Mattheus Borrekens was mainly a reproductive printmaker. He made prints after the work of leading Flemish painters of his time such as Rubens, van Dyck, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Abraham van Diepenbeeck, Jan Thomas van Ieperen, Pieter van Lint and Cornelis Schut. He mainly concentrated on Christian religious subjects and portraits. He also engraved frontispieces of publications such as Christophe Butkens's\"Trophées tant sacrés et profanes du Duché de Brabant\". 1724-1726. For this publication he engraved after a design by van Diepenbeeck", "id": "2345697" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nmaster’s daughter, Cornelia Quellinus. Through his marriage he became the brother in law of the leading Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1641 and in 1659 he became the deacon of the Guild. His first wife died in 1662, and he remarried in 1665, to Elisabeth Lemmens. He was the father of the sculptors Pieter Verbrugghen II and Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen. His daughter Suzanna married the sculptor Peeter Meesens. His pupils included some of the leading representatives of the", "id": "11276651" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nhave made individual statues, none of which have survived. In 1635 he was awarded the contract to make the pulpit of the St. Elisabeth Hospital in Antwerp. This work is an example of early Baroque in Antwerp and shows Erasmus’ mastery of balance and symmetry, even though there is no sense of realism. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known commissions. He made the original design for the pulpit, which, after his death, was somewhat changed by his son Artus while Pieter Verbrugghen", "id": "7355034" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Barbé\n\n\nNicolaas Lauwers for infringement of privileges relating to prints he had created, he received the support of Rubens. Barbé married Christien (or Christina) Wierix, the daughter of the prominent engraver and publisher Hieronymus Wierix on 30 March 1620. According to the contemporary notes of the painter Erasmus Quellinus II, Barbé was a very ugly person, while his daughter, who was a gifted engraver, was counted among 'the most beautiful women of Antwerp'. Hieronymus Wierix , the father of his wife, had died in 1619 before the", "id": "20064889" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nthe most successful Flemish Baroque sculptor of the mid 17th century. Artus II is likely to have received his training as a sculptor from his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Antwerp to where he must have moved from his native city of Sint-Truiden (then in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, now in the Belgian province of Limburg). Artus Quellinus II became a master of the Guild of Saint Luke in Antwerp in 1650–51. Artus Quellinus II married Anna Maria Gabron, the sister of the painter Willem Gabron, in 1653", "id": "13073283" }, { "contents": "Daniel Seghers\n\n\n, the collaborators are not always known with certainty. It is known he often worked with Cornelis Schut, Erasmus Quellinus II, Abraham van Diepenbeek, Simon de Vos, Jan van den Hoecke, Gonzales Coques and Rubens. Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert is also mentioned as his collaborator. It is possible that Seghers collaborated with Rubens on a garland painting for the Saint Carolus Borromeus church in Antwerp. During his stay in Rome he also collaborated with Poussin and Domenichino. Unlike in his later collaborations, Seghers is believed to have added flower garlands", "id": "7240113" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nErasmus de Bie (1629 in Antwerp – 1675 in Antwerp) was a Flemish Baroque painter known for his city views and genre scenes. He depicted several lively scenes of large public celebrations in his hometown of Antwerp. It is not clear whether the views of Italianate cities and landscapes attributed to him are the work of Adriaen de Bie, a Flemish painter from Lier who worked in Italy for a while. Very little is known about the life of Erasmus de Bie. He was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter", "id": "4566739" }, { "contents": "Willem Gabron\n\n\n. He was first registered in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke as a ‘wijnmeester’ (i.e. son of a master of the Guild) in the guild year 1640-41, along with his younger brother Antoon. His sister Anna Maria married the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Younger. Gabron travelled to Rome, at the latest by 1646. Here he became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the", "id": "12740318" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nBaroque painter, and the engraving of the frontispiece was made by Jacob Neefs (Antwerp, June 3, 1610 – 1660), also after a design by Erasmus Quellinus the Younger. Christoffel Plantin (1520–1589), grandfather of Balthasar Moretus, set up his printing shop called 'De Gulden Passer' (Golden Compasses) in Antwerp in 1555, publishing both Catholic and Protestant literature. This Frenchman, who fled his native country to Antwerp to escape the persecution during the 1540s, was the best-known printer of his time", "id": "2235324" }, { "contents": "Jan Anton van der Baren\n\n\nare a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder. These paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Van der Baren collaborated on garland paintings with other painters, such as Erasmus Quellinus II and the Flemish émigré painter Nikolaus van Hoy. These collaborators painted the devotional image while van der Baren painted the flower garland. An example is the \"Garland of flowers surrounding the Holy Family", "id": "16752890" }, { "contents": "Jacob de Formentrou\n\n\nthe conclusion that the painting is not a collaboration between all the artists whose works are represented in the painting but rather represents the combined effort of de Formentrou and Erasmus Quellinus II, a leading Antwerp painter. F. G. Meijer on the other hand believes that the composition is a collaboration between all of the artists whose work are depicted. He attributes the composition and the various pictures depicted in it as follows: The painting can be read as a reference to connoisseurship, and in particular the connoisseur's activity of evaluating the authorship of", "id": "8771731" }, { "contents": "Nicolaas van Eyck\n\n\nstarted to study in 1632. He was a captain of a local schutterij and this may be a reason why he painted military scenes. He was friends with the flower painter Jan Philip van Thielen, who had also been a pupil of Rombouts. Van Eyck was godfather to at least one of van Thielen's nine children. He was the teacher of Pieter Hofman. His sons Nicolaas II and Jan Carel van Eyck became painters. Jan Carel was a student of Jan Erasmus Quellinus and spent time in Italy. Nicolaas van Eyck", "id": "8735899" }, { "contents": "Philips Augustijn Immenraet\n\n\nwould paint the landscape while the other specialist painters would take care of other aspects of the painting such as staffage, architecture, animals or still life elements. A collaboration with Erasmus Quellinus II is reported by the Dutch biographer Arnold Houbraken. The Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium holds the 1672 painting \"The Legend of William Tell shown to the Antwerp Guild of St Sebastian\", which is a collaboration between Immenraet, Wilhelm Schubert van Ehrenberg (who painted the architecture) and Karel-Emmanuel Biset. He also worked with", "id": "10869502" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nUniversity – the same city where Jan Baptist Zangrius was also active. Here Lobkowitz published a major work titled \"Theologia Moralis ad prima, eaque clarissima principia reducta\" printed by Perus Zangrius (Lovanii, typis ac sumptibus Petrus Zangrius, 1645). His book titled \"Philippus Prudens\" containing some hatched arms was published in 1639 by Balthasar Moretus in Antwerp. The coats of arms were engraved by Cornelius Galle the Younger, after the drawings of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger (Antwerp, 1607 - Antwerp, 1678), a Flemish", "id": "2235323" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nFrans de Bie the Elder. He was baptised on 20 December 1629 in the St. Walburga church in Antwerp. He became a pupil of David Ryckaert III in 1641 and was admitted as a master in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645-1646. He married Catharina Douglas, called de Schot (the Scot), and was the father of Frans and Jan Baptist de Bie, who both became painters. Jan Baptist emigrated to Vienna where he remained active. Erasmus de Bie had pupils in 1660 and in 1666,", "id": "4566740" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck (III)\n\n\nSnellinck the Younger was a genre and history painter. His great-grandfather was the prominent Flemish painter and art dealer Jan Snellinck the Elder, who was originally from Mechelen and worked most of his career in Antwerp. Jan Snellinck (III)'s grand-uncles Daniel and Gerard were also painters. Very little is known about the life of Jan Snellinck (III). He likely trained with his father. He was active in Rotterdam for his entire career. The death date and place of Jan Snellinck are not known but", "id": "10515381" }, { "contents": "Anton Goubau\n\n\nat the front on the right, which expresses the transience of power and fame. In addition to his cityscapes, Goubau painted many religious compositions, especially designed for churches in Antwerp. He also made a number of religious paintings on copper as part of a series made for the Spanish market to which other Flemish painters such as Willem van Herp, Erasmus Quellinus II, and possibly Abraham Willemsens contributed. The series is now kept in the Convent of las Comendadoras de Santiaga in Madrid. He painted portraits as evidenced by the portrait", "id": "4569148" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof forms achieved through a sculptural use of light. Quellinus’ oldest known work is the 1634 \"Adoration of the Shepherds\" (Alte Pinakothek, Munich), which is in this Caravaggesque mode. From the 1640s, his style took on a classicizing aspect and a sculptured look. Erasmus never travelled to Italy so this stylistic development was likely influenced by the work of his brother Artus, who introduced his own style of classicizing Baroque in Flemish sculpture after returning from Rome in 1640. Both brothers depicted similar idealizing Antique figures in", "id": "11150852" }, { "contents": "Jan Siberechts\n\n\nEngland around 1672 and spent the first three years in England painting decorations in the Duke’s newly built Cliveden House at Taplow, Buckinghamshire, England. From the second part of the 1670s and in the 1680s he travelled widely in England completing numerous commissions for aristocratic clients. He lived in London where one of his daughters was a lace-maker for the Queen. His younger daughter, Frances, married the Flemish émigré sculptor Artus Quellinus III (known in England as 'Arnold Quellinus') and, after being widowed, John", "id": "14682967" }, { "contents": "Jan Fyt\n\n\n, Fyt collaborated regularly with other painters who were specialist in other areas such as figure, landscape or architectural painting. He thus relied on figure painters such as Cornelius Schut, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly on occasion Jacob Jordaens and on figure and architectural painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II. Jan Fyt produced many drawings of animals based usually on studies from nature. The Hermitage holds a large gouache drawing of a \"\". It is rich in colour and carefully executed and was likely intended as a model for tapestry cartoon. Fyt", "id": "1007601" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nartistic direction over the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the newly appointed governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, Leo van Heil worked as Quellinus' architectural assistant. The Archduke became his patron and appointed him as his court architect and commissioned various projects from van Heil, including a stone gate for the Archduke's palace in Brussels. The painter and printmaker Renier Meganck, who later worked as a court painter in Vienna, became a pupil of Leo van Heil in Brussels in 1656. In his time Leo van", "id": "8052851" }, { "contents": "Gerard Seghers\n\n\nGerard Seghers (1591 in Antwerp – 18 March 1651 in Antwerp) was a Flemish painter, art collector and art dealer. After a period of study of study and residence in Rome, he returned to Flanders where he became one of the leading representatives of the Flemish Caravaggisti movement. In his later career he abandoned the Caravaggist style and genre motifs to become an important painter of large altarpieces for local churches. Gerard Seghers was born in Antwerp as the son of innkeeper Jan Seghers and his wife Ida de Neve. He was", "id": "7355415" }, { "contents": "Jacob Leyssens\n\n\nJacob Leyssens or Jacob Lyssens (nickname Notenkraker) (1661, Antwerp - 1710, Antwerp), was a Flemish painter and decorator. After training in Antwerp, he spent a long time in Rome. After his return to Antwerp, he was active as a painter and decorator and collaborated with prominent Antwerp still life painters such as Gaspar Peeter Verbruggen the Younger and Jan Baptist Bosschaert. He was a student of Peter Ykens in 1674. He travelled to Rome at a young age as he is mentioned there in 1680. He", "id": "13757002" }, { "contents": "Francesco Ruschi\n\n\nFrancesco Ruschi was an Italian painter born in Rome around 1610. He studied in Rome under Giuseppe Cesari (Cavalier d'Arpino), Francesco Albani and Pietro da Cortona. His work also shows the influence of Caravaggio. He settled in Venice before 1629. He became a friend of the writer Giovan Francesco Loredan, for whom he drew the cover pages of several works. He moved to Treviso from 1656, and died there in 1661. Ruschi was influenced by the paintings of Paolo Veronese in his academic and decorative interpretations. These include", "id": "14035066" }, { "contents": "St. Peter in Chains Church (Beringen)\n\n\nor Vandereyt) and date from the late 17th century. Jan Rutten from Sint-Truiden completed the stalls after the death of Laurens Vandenreyt. The Baroque high altar contains a painting representing Christ on the cross attributed to the Antwerp painter Erasmus Quellinus II. The side altars are portico altars and contain the Baroque paintings \" Assumption and Coronation of Mary\" and the \"Finding of the Cross\", both by Anton Goubau. The rood screen is neogothic. The organ was manufactured in 1853 by Henri Vermeersch from Duffel and is the", "id": "12887333" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck\n\n\nJan Snellinck or Jan Snellinck (I) (Mechelen, c. 1548 – Antwerp, 1 October 1638) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and designer of tapestries, prints and frescoes. He is known for his large altarpieces and was also recognized as a leading battle painter in his time. Snellinck was active as an art dealer and art collector. Jan Snellinck was born in Mechelen as the son of Daniël Snellinck I, a painter and hawker, and Cornelia Verhulst (alias: Bessemeers). His mother came from a family", "id": "12059012" }, { "contents": "Paul de Vos\n\n\n. De Vos was able to develop his own personal style that accentuated abrupt movement, the gruesome aspects of hunts, used warmer colours and a broader brush stroke than Snyders. He also expanded the iconographic tradition with scenes of fighting cats and horses attacked by wolves. As was common amongst artists in 17th-century Antwerp, De Vos frequently collaborated with other painters. He collaborated with Rubens, Anthony van Dyck (, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg), Erasmus Quellinus II, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert, Adriaen van Utrecht and Jan Wildens", "id": "4556665" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nPieter Verbrugghen I (alternative spellings: \"Pieter Verbruggen I\", \"Peter van der Brugghen I\", \"Pieter van der Brugghen I\", \"Peter Verbrugghen I\", \"Peeter Verbrugghen I\") (1615, Antwerp – 1686, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor from the Baroque. He was apprenticed in 1625 as a 'beeltsnijder' (sculptor) to Simon de Neef, who was an 'antijcsnijder' (ornamental sculptor). Later he worked under Erasmus Quellinus I and in 1641 he married his", "id": "11276650" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nThomas Quellinus (March 1661 – September 1709), also known, especially in Denmark, as Thomas Qvellinus, was a Flemish baroque sculptor. He was born in Antwerp but worked mainly in Copenhagen, Denmark. He is especially known for the production of grandiose and sumptuous memorial chapels, sepulchral monuments and epitaphs, which can be found in churches throughout Denmark and northern Germany’s Schleswig-Holstein area. His chapels and monuments are dramatically composed, executed in rare, differently coloured types of marble and framed by monumental architectural components.", "id": "11778978" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nscenes and designs for tapestries. Like Rubens, Quellinus was a \"pictor doctus\" with a strong grounding in ancient history and philosophy. He had built an extensive library and art collection. This learning is reflected in the subject matter of his work. Even while he was a frequent collaborator with Rubens’ workshop in the 1630s, Quellinus developed a personal style distinctive from that of Rubens. This style is reminiscent of the Antwerp followers of Caravaggio such as Theodoor Rombouts and Gerard Seghers. Characteristics of this style are the strong modeling", "id": "11150851" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Bosschaert\n\n\nJan Baptist Bosschaert or Jan Baptist Bosschaert the Younger (baptized on 17 December 1667 in Antwerp –1746 in Antwerp) was a Flemish still life painter who is principally known for his decorative still lifes with flowers. He collaborated with figure artists on compositions which combined allegorical or mythological scenes with a still life element. He was active in Antwerp. Jan Baptist Bosschaert was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter-baker Jan Baptist and his second wife Joanna de Bie, the sister of the painter Erasmus de Bie. His", "id": "20819606" }, { "contents": "Wallerant Vaillant\n\n\nWallerant Vaillant (30 May 1623 – 28 August 1677) was a painter of the Dutch Golden Age and one of the first artists to use the mezzotint technique, which he probably helped to develop. Wallerant Vaillant was born in Lille, the oldest of five brothers who all became successful painters. It is said Wallerant was a student of Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) in Antwerp. He moved with his parents in 1643 to Amsterdam. In 1647 he lived in Middelburg, but in 1649 he was back in Amsterdam. In", "id": "8302348" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nHans Bernaert (or Beernart) (1615) and Christoffel de la Fontaine (1633–34). His work is not well known since only a few of his works have survived. Erasmus is primarily known as a sculptor who drew inspiration from antiquity. He worked in the late Renaissance style although his later work shows a development towards early Baroque. The bulk of his commissions consisted of the renovation and replacement of church furniture that had been destroyed during the iconoclastic troubles of the 16th century. Besides decorative work, he is known to", "id": "7355033" }, { "contents": "Rombaut Pauwels\n\n\nbrother of François Duquesnoy, and the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus also worked in this workshop in Rome. They and Rombaut Pauwels brought the moderate Baroque style of François Duquesnoy with them when they returned to the Southern Netherlands. After his return to Flanders, Rombaut Pauwels was active mainly in his hometown Mechelen and in Ghent. Rombaut Pauwels’ pupils included the brothers Hendrik and Jan Matthys. Rombaut Pauwels was a capable sculptor who worked in the classicizing Baroque style pioneered by François Duquesnoy but he lacked the virtuoso technique of his contemporaries Artus Quellinus", "id": "9167166" }, { "contents": "Lucas de Wael\n\n\nLucas de Wael (3 March 1591 – 25 October 1661) was a Flemish painter, engraver and merchant. He was born in Antwerp and worked for some time in Genoa in Italy before returning to Antwerp, where he died. Lucas de Wael was born into an artistic family in Antwerp as the son of the painter Jan de Wael I (1558-1633). His mother Gertrude de Jode came from a family of artists: her father was the cartographer Gerard de Jode and her brother was the engraver Peter de Jode", "id": "2957457" }, { "contents": "Jan van Balen\n\n\nGaspard, Theodoor van Thulden, Jan de Labare and Erasmus Quellinus the Younger on the execution of designs for the gallery on the Meir and the triumphal arch at St. John's Church in Antwerp. The overall design of the decorations was under the direction of Rubens. [[File:Jan Brueghel II, Jan van Balen - The Feast of Bacchus (Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus).jpg|thumb|\"The Feast of Bacchus\", with [[Jan Brueghel the Younger]] Jan van Balen left on 8 September 1639 with his brother Gaspard on", "id": "19729208" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nfor the Council Chamber, is repeated in a painting by Erasmus. This development towards classicist rigidity may reflect the influence of French art with its preference for classicism. Erasmus’ work also gained a theatrical aspect as reflected in the 1652 painting \"Artemisia\" (Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, University of Glasgow). The painting has a theatrical background like a park. This tendency became more evident in the 1660s when his paintings started to include grandiose scenery with flamboyant architecture. This is clear in the \"Let the Children Come", "id": "11150854" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nin particular the marble decorations he and his workshop produced, became an example for other buildings in Amsterdam. The team of sculptors that Artus supervised during his work on the Amsterdam city hall included many sculptors who would become leading sculptors in their own right such as his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Rombout Verhulst, Bartholomeus Eggers and Gabriël Grupello and probably also Grinling Gibbons. He returned to work in Antwerp in 1658 and remained active mainly in this city until his death. His many pupils included his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Martin Deurweerders", "id": "8459223" }, { "contents": "David Teniers III\n\n\nDavid Teniers III, also referred to as David Teniers junior (baptized 10 July 1638 – 2 October 1685) was a Flemish painter and tapestry designer who was mainly active in Antwerp, Madrid and Brussels. He is known for his portraits, religious compositions and genre scenes. David Teniers III was born in Antwerp where he was baptized on July 10 in the St. James' Church. He was a scion of two very prominent artist families from Antwerp: his father was the painter David Teniers the Younger and his mother was Anna", "id": "17442937" }, { "contents": "Gerard Douffet\n\n\nGerard Douffet (6 aug 1594 – 1660/1661), also known as Doufeet or Duffeit, was a Flemish painter. He was born at Liège in 1594, and studied for some time at Antwerp in the school of Rubens, and afterwards in Italy. He composed and designed with good taste, and his historical pictures are much esteemed. 'Pope Nicholas V. at the Tomb of St. Francis of Assisi ' (painted in 1627), 'St. Helena and the true Cross' (painted for the Abbey of St. Lawrence,", "id": "6883668" }, { "contents": "Jan van Buken\n\n\nJan van Buken or Jan van Beucken (10 March 1635 – 6 February 1690) was a Flemish painter mainly known for his genre paintings and still lifes. Jan van Buken was born in Antwerp. He became a master in the Guild of Saint Luke in 1658 where he was registered under the name 'Jan van Beucken'. In the period from 1666 to 1682 he worked in Rome while regularly travelling back to Antwerp. He returned to live in Antwerp after the death of his parents. Jan Baptist Beveren was registered as", "id": "15324731" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ntheir work in this period. His \"Adoration of the Holy Sacrament\" (1646) was painted in this style. From c. 1650 this classicism in his work became rigid and his compositions from this period made use of a limited number of stereotyped and idealized figure types. This stylistic development is evident in the interior decorations he made for the new City Hall of Amsterdam, which he executed in collaboration with his brother Artus. The brothers achieved stylistic agreement in this commission: the \"Judgement of Solomon\", which Artus sculpted", "id": "11150853" }, { "contents": "Nikolaus van Hoy\n\n\nhe would have met in Rome and had later joined him in Brussels. At about 1667 he became the court painter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria. He retained this post until his death in Vienna in 1679. He was succeeded at the court by his son Nickolaus van Hoey the Younger (Antwerp 1660- Vienna ca. 1710). He made landscapes and portraits. He engraved religious scenes and mythological figures adapted from originals of Veronese, Barocci and Raphael. He was one of the", "id": "16812974" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\ngenres including cattle market scenes, Italianate landscapes and village scenes. He is probably best known for his depiction of festivals and processions set in his native Antwerp. His village scenes are reminiscent of the genre scenes of David Teniers the Younger. He also took his inspiration from other Flemish artists. For instance, his composition \"\" likely drew its inspiration from similar paintings representing processions in cities by Flemish artists such as Pieter van Aelst and Erasmus de Bie. He painted many scenes of cattle markets, which offered him the opportunity to", "id": "3658943" }, { "contents": "Jan van den Hecke\n\n\nKunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Archduke Leopold Wilhem must have particularly liked his flower pieces as all of van den Hecke's paintings which he collected were pictures of flowers in vases and baskets and garland paintings. Van Hecke returned to Antwerp around 1657. In 1660 he married Maria Adriana Heyens with whom he had three children. His son, known as Jan van den Hecke II, was born in 1661 and became a popular painter of flowers as well as other types of still life. His two known pupils were Peeter vander Elstraeten (", "id": "14931009" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nLeo van Heil (Brussels, 1605 – c.1664), was a Flemish architect, painter and miniature painter mainly of flowers and insects. He is chiefly remembered for his designs of the Brigittines chapel and the tower of the Saint Nicholas Church, both in Brussels. Leo van Heil was born in Brussels. He had two brothers who were also artists: Jan Baptist van Heil was a portrait painter and Daniel van Heil was a landscape painter specialising in winter scenes or burning fires. When in 1648 Erasmus Quellinus was given the general", "id": "8052850" }, { "contents": "Jan Verhas\n\n\ngovernment awarded him a special subsidy of 1,200 francs and commissioned from him a composition depicting the Battle of Kallo. In 1862 he travelled via Paris and Lyon to Italy, where he made stops in Turin, Milan and Venice. He remained in Venice for two to three months, studying and copying the masters. Lack of funds forced him to leave Italy. He travelled back via Paris where his brother Frans was working at the time. Jan assisted his brother in the execution of several decorative projects. Afterwards he resided in Antwerp", "id": "9399028" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\nPeeter the Elder and Joris became painters. Alexander trained under his father. He became a master in the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1685. On 11 August 1685, he married Cornelia Sporckmans, daughter of the Antwerp history painter Hubert Sporckmans. They had three daughters and six sons of whom Jan Frans became a painter. Alexander van Bredael died in Antwerp. His pupils include his son Jan Frans, Peeter Busschop, Johan Baptist Govaerts, Guielmus van Ryn and Pieter Snyers. Alexander van Bredael painted in a wide variety of", "id": "3658942" }, { "contents": "Filippo Zaniberti\n\n\nFilippo Zaniberti (1585–1636) was an Italian painter of the late Mannerist period. He was born in Brescia and active in Venice, where he became a pupil of Santo Peranda. Zaniberti's style recalls the richness of Paolo Veronese. He painted a \"Mannah in the desert\" for the main altarpiece of the church of Santa Maria Nuova of Venice. He worked alongside the fellow Peranda disciple, Matteo Ponzone, in the decoration of the Ducal palace of Mirandola. He painted a \"Marriage of St Catherine\" for the church", "id": "19300082" }, { "contents": "St. Paul's Church, Antwerp\n\n\ntwisted marble columns. The painting \"Adoration of the shepherds\" by Rubens forms the altar piece. The Maria Chapel also contains a white marble sculpture of \"Our Lady of Sorrows\" by Jan Pieter van Baurscheit de Elder. The church holds elaborate tomb monuments attributed to Johannes van Mildert, Pieter Verbrugghen II and Andries Colyns de Nole. The 17th century organ is regarded as one of the most important organs of Belgium. The monumental organ case was sculpted by Pieter Verbrugghen I after a design by Erasmus Quellinus II. In 1623", "id": "10432986" }, { "contents": "David Teniers the Elder\n\n\nDavid Teniers the Elder (158229 July 1649), Flemish painter, was born at Antwerp. Having received his first training in the painter's art from his brother Juliaen, he studied under Rubens in Antwerp, and subsequently under Elsheimer in Rome; he became a member of the Antwerp guild of painters in 1606. Though his ambition led him at times to try his skill in large religious, historical and mythological compositions, his claim to fame depends chiefly on his landscapes and paintings of peasants carousing, of kermesse scenes and the", "id": "12948361" } ]

[ { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke as a 'wijnmeester', i.e. the son of a member of the Guild. The next year he married Cornelia Teniers, the daughter of painter David Teniers the Younger. Jan Erasmus Quellinus received many commissions including a large commission for paintings destined for Antwerp’s Saint Michael's Abbey. Around 1680 Quellinus worked in Vienna for the Habsburg court as a court painter to Emperor Leopold I. Among other works, the most important commission he completed was a series of 15 ceiling paintings on events in the life", "id": "7354727" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nJan-Erasmus Quellinus or Jan Erasmus Quellinus (1634 in Antwerp – 11 March 1715 in Mechelen) was a Flemish painter and draughtsman and a member of the famous Quellinus family of artists. He was one of the last prominent representatives of the great Flemish school of history and portrait painting in the 17th century. His work displays the classicizing influences of his father Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and Paolo Veronese. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his grandfather Erasmus Quellinus", "id": "7354724" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nwritten as \" Sederboom\"), which means 'cedar tree'. He is also reported to have used another nickname: 'Corpus'. Quellinus later moved to Venice where he resided from circa 1660 to 1661. Here he was influenced by the style of Veronese as is shown by his drawings from that time. During his stay in Northern Italy he was also introduced to the architecture of Palladio, which informed some of the decorative motifs he used in his later compositions. Upon his return to Antwerp in 1661 he joined", "id": "7354726" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof his father’s Classicism. As a result art historians have difficulty attributing some works to either artist. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus developed further on the Classicism of his father linking it with the influence of Paolo Veronese from whom he borrowed grandeur and various dynamic details. Unlike his father he liked to incorporate in his paintings grand architectural elements which were derived from the Palladian buildings he had seen in Northern Italy. As was common practice at the time, he collaborated with specialist painters in Antwerp such as the still life painter Jan Fyt", "id": "7354730" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Elder, his father Erasmus the Younger, and his uncles Artus Quellinus the Elder and Hubertus Quellinus. He was trained by his father from 1649. Jan-Erasmus travelled to Italy where he initially resided in Rome from 1657 to 1659. He became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Jan-Erasmus was given the bent name \"Seederboom\" (also", "id": "7354725" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\none of the leading artistic families in Antwerp, producing sculptors, painters and printmakers who would develop careers in Flanders and abroad. Father Erasmus Quellinus I, a sculptor, had moved from Sint-Truiden to Antwerp. The brothers of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger were both artists: Artus (1609-1668) was a leading Baroque sculptor and Hubertus (1619-1687) an engraver. Erasmus Quellinus II became a student of Jan-Baptist Verhaeghe, an obscure artist, in 1633. He became a master of the Antwerp Guild", "id": "11150843" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Me\" of 1664 (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels). These later compositions possible reflect an influence by the early work of his son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. As was common in Antwerp at the time, Quellinus collaborated with other painters. He worked with still life specialists on still lifes and portraits. Many of the still lifes fall into the category of ‘garland paintings’. Garland paintings are a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder.", "id": "11150855" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus the Younger and Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) was a Flemish painter, engraver, draughtsman and tapestry designer who worked in various genres including history, portrait, battle and animal paintings. He was a pupil of Peter Paul Rubens and was one of the closest collaborators of Rubens in the 1630s. Following Rubens’ death in 1640 he became one of the most prolific and successful painters in Flanders. Erasmus Quellinus II was born in Antwerp as the son of Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden. The Quellinus family became", "id": "11150842" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nErasmus Quellinus I or Erasmus Quellinus the Elder (alternate names: Erasmus Quellinck, Erasme Quellin (I)) (Sint-Truiden, 1584 - Antwerp, 22 January 1640) was a Flemish sculptor best known for classically inspired ornamentation work and copies after the antique. He was the founder of an important Antwerp dynasty of artists. Details of his early life and training have not survived. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1606. He married Betje van Uden, the sister of the painter Lucas van", "id": "7355031" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nHis brothers became prominent artists: Erasmus was a painter and Hubertus was an engraver and painter. His sister Cornelia married his father’s pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. Artus Quellinus received his first training from his father. In the period from 1635 to 1639 he trained in Rome in the studio of his compatriot François Duquesnoy. He spent time in Lyon together with the Flemish painter Laureys Franck and was in contact there with the Dutch engraver Nicolaas van Helt Stockade and the Dutch painter Jan Asselijn. He returned to Antwerp", "id": "8459221" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\n, Joseph van den Kerckhoven, Davit van den Heuvel, Francis Cools, Allowisius de Meyere, Jan-Baptist Hyacint Breydel, Gaspar (or Jasper) de Cantelbeeck (1685-86), Jan François Blondeau and Jacobus Blondeau (1697-98). From 1712 the artist resided and worked in Mechelen where he died on 11 March 1715. Jan-Erasmus Quellinus was principally a history painter who also painted the occasional portrait. He had an extensive output supported by a large workshop. His style is closely related to that", "id": "7354729" }, { "contents": "Anthoni Schoonjans\n\n\nMarch 1655. He became in the Guild year 1668-1669 in Antwerp an apprentice of Erasmus Quellinus II and that master's son Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. From 1674 to 1677 the artist resided in Reims and he also spent some time in Paris. In 1674 his mother met up with her son Anthoni in Reims. He left France and from 6 January 1675 he resided in Rome, where he familiarised himself with the Italian Baroque. He shared in Rome a residence with the flower painter Carel de Vogelaer in Via Margutta.", "id": "9299848" }, { "contents": "Nicolaes van Verendael\n\n\nteacher of someone referred to as 'priest Cano' and the flower painter Jean Baptiste Morel. Van Verendael mainly painted flower pieces, vanitas still lifes and a few allegorical scenes with monkeys. His dated works are from the period between 1659 and 1690. He was highly regarded from an early age when he started working with some of the leading Antwerp painters such as David Teniers the Younger, Gonzales Coques, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Boeckhorst, Carstian Luyckx and Jan Davidsz. de Heem. His early work shows the influence of", "id": "18460769" }, { "contents": "Theodoor Boeyermans\n\n\n' dated works are dated between 1660 and 1677. He was mainly a painter of history and allegorical paintings. The artist received many important commissions for churches in his native Antwerp, the Kempen region and in Malines, but made his name in his hometown by painting secular compositions. He also painted group portraits. Together with Jan-Erasmus Quellinus, Boeyermans was one of the last important 17th-century Flemish history painters. His style was influenced by Rubens and van Dyck but he favoured a darker palette than those two artists.", "id": "6673291" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin 1662. On 9 November 1663, Erasmus Quellinus II married Françoise de Fren. De Fren was the daughter of the well-off André de Fren, secretary of the Council of Brabant, and the sister of Isabella de Fren, who was married to the court painter David Teniers II. In 1665 Quellinus designed a cenotaph for the deceased Philip IV of Spain and the decorations for the Joyous Entry of Don Francisco de Moura as governor of the Habsburg Netherlands. Erasmus Quellinus II died in Antwerp on 7 November 1678. His", "id": "11150849" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nto Antwerp from Rome around 1640. Artus worked in a classicizing style of Baroque under the influence of his compatriot, the sculptor François Duquesnoy, in whose workshop in Rome he had worked. This style had in turn been influenced by the Classicism of Annibale Carracci. The two brothers would from then on work together on various projects and mutually influence each other. After Rubens’ death in 1640 Erasmus Quellinus became one of the leading history painters of Flanders. He received many commissions for altarpieces in the region. In 1648 he was", "id": "11150847" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ncommissioned to make the decorations for the Joyous Entry of the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm into Antwerp, thus playing the same role as Rubens 13 years earlier for the Joyous Entry of Ferdinand. He made the decorations for the announcement of the Treaty of Westphalia in the same year. Around 1656 Erasmus worked in Amsterdam where his brother Artus was responsible for the decoration of the new City Hall. Erasmus assisted in this project and the brothers also collaborated on other commissions. Erasmus painted altarpieces for clandestine Catholic churches in Amsterdam. His first wife died", "id": "11150848" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\npupils included his son Jan Erasmus Quellinus, Guilliam Forchondt (II), Julius de Geest, Willem de Ryck, Anthoni Schoonjans, Wallerant Vaillant and Remacle Serin. Erasmus Quellinus II was a very versatile artist who worked in various genres. He received numerous commissions for altarpieces depicting Counter-Reformation themes for churches and monasteries throughout the Southern Netherlands. He also received many civic commissions which allowed him to show his learning in the depiction of scenes from ancient history and mythology and allegorical compositions. In addition, he produced portraits, battle", "id": "11150850" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof Saint Luke in 1633-1634. In the 1630s, the artist worked and likely studied in the workshop of Rubens and regularly collaborated on projects with Rubens. In 1634 Erasmus II married Catharina de Hemelaer, a niece of Jan de Hemelaer, the deacon of Antwerp Cathedral. Their son Jan Erasmus followed in his father’s footsteps and became a painter. From the notes made by his son Jan Erasmus in the margin of his copy of Cornelis de Bie’s book of artist biographies entitled Het Gulden Cabinet, it is known", "id": "11150844" }, { "contents": "Jan van Kessel the Elder\n\n\na figure painter was responsible for the figure or other image in the cartouche. His collaborators on garland paintings are believed to have included his uncle David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus the Elder, Hendrick van Balen the Elder, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly Jan Boeckhorst. An example of a collaborative garland painting made by Jan van Kessel and David Teniers the Younger is the composition (c. 1660-1670, Louvre). In this work Jan van Kessel painted a decorative garland representing the four elements around a cartouche showing a young", "id": "16247184" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nin the Hermitage Museum, a collaboration with Frans Ykens. Quellinus further collaborated with the animal and still life painter Jan Fyt on portraits such as the \"Portrait of a young boy\" (Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp) of c. 1650. Quellinus also collaborated with animal painters Peter Boel and genre painter Jan van Kessel the Elder. Erasmus Quellinus II executed various tapestry designs. In 1649 he produced the designs for a tapestry series depicting the \"History of the Thurn and Taxis Family\" (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of", "id": "11150857" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nHe was a member of the well-known Quellinus family of artists from 17th century Antwerp, major center of artistic life then known as \"the Florence of the North\". Thomas Quellinus was born in Antwerp to the leading Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus II and Anna Maria Gabron, and was baptised on 17 March 1661. He trained in his father’s workshop in the art of sculpture. After completing his apprenticeship with his father, he went to London, England, where he worked with his brother Artus Quellinus III. While", "id": "11778979" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nArtus Quellinus also known as Artus (Arnoldus) Quellijn, Artus Quellinus I or Artus Quellinus the Elder (20 or 30 August 1609, Antwerp  – 23 August 1668, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor. He is regarded as the most important representative of the Baroque in sculpture in the Southern Netherlands. His work had a major influence on the development of sculpture in Northern Europe. Artus Quellinus the Elder was born into an artistic family. He was the son of the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I and Elisabeth van Uden.", "id": "8459220" }, { "contents": "Jan Pieter Brueghel\n\n\nJan Pieter Brueghel or Jan Pieter Breughel (29 August 1628 (baptised) – 1664) was a Flemish Baroque painter specialised in flower still lifes. Brueghel was born in Antwerp. He was the son of Jan Brueghel the Younger and Anna-Maria Janssens. He joined the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645 as \"wijnmeester\". He died in Italy, after 1664, and is known for flower still lifes. He created many garland paintings on which he collaborated with other painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II who painted the", "id": "10461841" }, { "contents": "Pieter Boel\n\n\nBoel got to know the work of the Genoese artist Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione and the still life painter Giuseppe Recco. He learned from these Italian masters to heighten the dramatic effect of his canvases by emphasizing the shadows. He also used red drapes in the background, a Baroque element par excellence, to enhance the atmosphere of his compositions. Boel is known to have collaborated with fellow Antwerp artists Erasmus Quellinus II and Jacob Jordaens, who painted the human figures in his compositions. Boel was accomplished in large-scale vanitas paintings depicting an", "id": "20560716" }, { "contents": "Pieter Bruegel the Elder\n\n\n(grandson of Jan Bruegel the Elder) and Jan van Kessel the Younger. Through David Teniers, the family is also related to the whole Teniers family of painters and the Quellinus family of painters and sculptors, since Jan-Erasmus Quellinus married Cornelia, daughter of David Teniers the Younger. Bruegel's art was long more highly valued by collectors than critics. His friend Abraham Ortelius described him in a friendship album in 1574 as \"the most perfect painter of his century\", but both Vasari and Van Mander see him as", "id": "17084192" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nflowers. The subject of vanitas as depicted here was unusual for van Utrecht and shows that his role in the development of new types of still life has not been sufficiently recognized in art-historical literature. As was common in Antwerp’s art sector at the time, van Utrecht collaborated with other specialist artists, typically figure painters. He is known to have provided the still life elements in paintings by Jacob Jordaens, Erasmus Quellinus II, Jan Cossiers, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. He is believed to have also collaborated with David Teniers", "id": "18461245" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nHubertus Quellinus or Hubert Quellinus (August 15, 1619, Antwerp – 1687) was a Flemish printmaker, draughtsman and painter and a member of the prominent Quellinus family of artists. His engravings after the work of his brother, the Baroque sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder, were instrumental in the spread of the Flemish Baroque idiom in Europe in the second half of the 17th century. Hubertus Quellinus was born into a family of sculptors and painters, which included, amongst others, his father Erasmus Quellinus the Elder and his brothers,", "id": "8520392" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus III\n\n\nArtus Quellinus III (1653, Antwerp – December 1686, London) was a Flemish sculptor active in London. His name is often anglicised to Arnold Quellan, Arnold Quellin or Arnold Quellinus or mistakenly given as \"Jan Quellinus\". He was the son of Artus Quellinus II and brother to the sculptor Thomas Quellinus and the painter Cornelis Quellinus He trained in his father's workshop in Antwerp before moving to London in 1682. He was married to Frances Siberechts, youngest daughter of the Antwerp-born painter Jan Siberechts, who had", "id": "13748725" }, { "contents": "Flemish Baroque painting\n\n\npainters combined a local influence from Rubens with knowledge of classicism and Italian Baroque qualities. Artists in the vein include Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Jan van den Hoecke, Pieter van Lint, Cornelis Schut, and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Later in the century, many painters turned to Anthony van Dyck as a major influence. Among them were Pieter Thijs, Lucas Franchoys the Younger, and artists who were also inspired by Late Baroque theatricality such as Theodoor Boeyermans and Jan-Erasmus Quellinus. Additionally, a Flemish variant of \"Caravaggism\"", "id": "6030293" }, { "contents": "Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen\n\n\nthe principal representatives of Flemish high baroque sculpture. The father had been a pupil of Erasmus Quellinus I, who was himself the founder of a prominent family of artists. The father married the daughter of his master Erasmus Quellinus. From this marriage Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was born. His brother Pieter Verbrugghen II was also a sculptor and worked in the workshop of his father. Hendrik Frans Verbruggen was trained by his father. Nonetheless, he did not start his career as a sculptor but as a draughtsman working with the illuminator Jan Ruyselinck", "id": "10070115" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nand Londerzeel. Many of his paintings can be regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. He often worked from prints made after the works of these masters to create his own compositions. An example is the (Prado Museum), which is based on a print after Rafael", "id": "11181884" }, { "contents": "Hubertus Quellinus\n\n\nthe Rubens pupil Erasmus Quellinus the Younger and the prominent sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. In 1650 he traveled to Rome where he joined the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the so-called 'bent name'. Hubertus was given the bent name \"Saracin\". Quellinus was in Amsterdam by 1660 where he collaborated on a publication, which consisted of two parts: the first part consisted of 30 plates depicting the Amsterdam", "id": "8520393" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\ncompleted the frontal decoration of the organ in the Antwerp cathedral, based on a design made by Erasmus Quellinus II. He and his workshop made the oak confessionals in the St. Paul's Church in Antwerp (between 1658 and 1660). He made the oak organ case in that church in collaboration with Artus Quellinus the Elder in 1654, and together with his son Pieter Verbrugghen II he executed the designs for the high altar in 1670. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known creations. The", "id": "11276653" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nArtus Quellinus II or Artus Quellinus the Younger (alternative first name: Arnold; variation on family name: Quellijn, Quellyn, Quellien, Quellin, Quellinius) (between 10 and 20 November 1625, Sint-Truiden – 22 November 1700, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor who played an important role in the evolution of Northern-European sculpture from High Baroque to Late Baroque. Artus Quellinus II was born into an artistic family. His uncle was the respected Antwerp sculptor Erasmus Quellinus I, whose son was Artus Quellinus I,", "id": "13073282" }, { "contents": "Jan-Erasmus Quellinus\n\n\nof Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Some of these works are now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. He returned to Antwerp where between the years 1685 and 1712 he worked on many commissions for churches in Antwerp and throughout Flanders. He also had many pupils including Anthoni Schoonjans, Simon de Marets, Jan Carel van Eyck, Guiliam Draeger (1668-69), Christoffel Franciscus Ponsel, Jacobus de Play (1669-1670), Peeter Heymans, Franciscus Carnonckel, Franciscus Cuylen, Hieronymus Galle (1673-74)", "id": "7354728" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nthat Erasmus II obtained a degree in philosophy. This explains the fact that he wrote a philosophical tract entitled \"Philosophia\", which was recorded in the 1679 inventory of his estate. Quellinus became a regular collaborator with Rubens from 1635. He first worked on the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the new governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand. Rubens was in overall charge of this project. Quellinus made decorative paintings after designs by Rubens of which six have survived. In the period 1636-1638 Rubens", "id": "11150845" }, { "contents": "Joannes Chrysostomus Teniers\n\n\n. As abbot he took the motto \"Tene Quod Bene\" (\"Hold on to what is good\", 1 Thessalonians 5, verse 21). Teniers died in Antwerp on 30 November 1709. His portrait painted by Jan-Erasmus Quellinus is inside Tongerlo Abbey. Teniers had some reputation as a preacher and a manuscript of his sermons for feastdays was preserved in the monastery library, as well as two volumes of his notes on the works of St Augustine. One of Teniers' poems was published in the preliminary matter", "id": "1158593" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nThese paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Erasmus Quellinus II collaborated on garland paintings with still life specialists, such as his brother-in-law Jan Philip van Thielen, Daniel Seghers, Jan Pieter Brueghel, Frans Ykens, Peter Willebeeck and Jan Anton van der Baren. These collaborators painted the flower garland while Quellinus painted the figures and architectural setting. An example is the \"Holy Family in a Wreath of Flowers\"", "id": "11150856" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\n’ workshop received a large commission to make mythological decorations for the hunting pavilion Torre de la Parada of the Spanish king Philip IV near Madrid. For this project Quellinus painted decorations after oil sketches by Rubens some of which have been preserved (Prado Museum). In early 1637 Quellinus drew frontispieces for the Antwerp printing house Plantin Press according to Rubens’ instructions regarding iconography and layout. These drawings were in Quellinus’ own style as Rubens let him a free hand in the design of the modelli. His brother Artus Quellinus I returned", "id": "11150846" }, { "contents": "Adriaen van Utrecht\n\n\nwith living people and animals. Van Utrecht also painted a number of flower still lifes. He was a regular collaborator with leading Antwerp painters who had been pupils or assistants of Peter Paul Rubens, such as Jacob Jordaens, David Teniers the Younger, Erasmus Quellinus II, Gerard Seghers, Theodoor Rombouts, Abraham van Diepenbeeck and Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert. Adriaen van Utrecht was born in Antwerp as the son of Abel van Utrecht en Anne Huybrecht. In 1614 he became a pupil of Herman de Neyt, a painter and art dealer who", "id": "18461230" }, { "contents": "Baroque sculpture\n\n\nof a family of famous sculptors and painters, and son of another sculptor, Erasmus Quellinus. He settled in Antwerp in 1639. He became close to Rubens, and his work applied many of the principles of the compositions of Rubens to sculpture. Another important Belgian Baroque sculptor was Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen (1654–1724), who carved very elaborate sculptures, full of biblical scenes, flora and fauna,allegories and symbols for the ceremonial puppets the cathedrals and churches in Brussels, Louvain, Antwerp, Mechelen, and other cities. Early", "id": "16040697" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nwas back in Antwerp in 1657 and became an Antwerp burgher on 11 May 1663. His wife died on 15 October 1668 and the next year Artus remarried to Cornelia Volders. In the latter part of his life Quellinus received many commissions, primarily for church furnishings and tomb sculptures. His pupils include Alexander van Papenhoven, Thomas Quellinus, Jan van den Steen, (1633–1723), the Master of the St. Luke in Antwerp, Cornelis van Scheyck (1679–1680); Balten Rubbens (1685–1686); Adriaen Govaerts (1690–91) and", "id": "13073285" }, { "contents": "Peter Ykens\n\n\ntrained 28 pupils including Karel Breydel, Erasmus Causse, Gaspaer Janssens, Jan Thomas van Kessel, Henderick van Mael, Francis Scalie, Jan Baptist Kretsaert and Jacob Leyssens. His eldest son Jan Frans became a staffage painter who collaborated with still life painters of flowers and fruit. He died in Antwerp. He painted portraits and Christian religious representations and made a large number of altarpieces and paintings for local churches and palaces. As was the custom in Antwerp at the time, he often worked together with other painters who were specialists in", "id": "8049116" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\n. The couple had six children of whom three became artists: Artus Quellinus III and Thomas Quellinus were both successful sculptors whereas Cornelis Quellinus became a painter about whom little is known. The young Artus joined his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Amsterdam around 1653 where he became one of the members of the team of artists that worked under the direction of Artus I on the decoration of the newly built City Hall on the Dam Square. The artist traveled to Italy and probably visited Turin, Florence and Rome between 1655 and 1657. He", "id": "13073284" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nUden. The couple had three sons: Erasmus, who would become a painter and engraver, Artus, who would follow in his father’s footsteps and become a sculptor, and Hubertus, who became an engraver and painter. His daughter Cornelia Quellinus married his pupil, the sculptor Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder. He was the teacher of Pieter Verbrugghen the Elder, Melchior Charles, Wallerant Vaillant, Joos Sterck (1607); Rombout Claes (1609), Melchior van der Lanen (1612), Hans Franscoys (1614),", "id": "7355032" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nfurther inspired by the cult of veneration and devotion to Mary prevalent at the Habsburg court (then the rulers over the Southern Netherlands) and in Antwerp generally. Garland paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image, portrait or other religious symbol (such as the host). The paintings are usually a collaboration between a flower painter and a staffage painter. Van Thielen produced multiple garland paintings in collaboration with other artists. His collaborators included his brother-in-law Erasmus Quellinus II, Nicolas de Largilliere, Jan van", "id": "12866287" }, { "contents": "Jan Philip van Thielen\n\n\nhe was the brother-in-law of Erasmus Quellinus II. Erasmus Quelllinus was married to the sister of his wife and would become one of the leading history painters in Flanders after the deaths of Rubens and van Dyck. Quellinus drew van Thielens’ portrait that was engraved by Richard Collin for Cornelis de Bie's book of artist biographies Het Gulden Cabinet. Van Thielen and his wife had 9 children. Because he liked flower painting he changed masters in 1641 and began training with Daniel Seghers, the leading flower painter in Flanders", "id": "12866282" }, { "contents": "Willem van Herp\n\n\nbe regarded as copies or pastiches of original compositions by Antwerp painters such as Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Gerard Seghers, Jan Boeckhorst, Hendrick van Balen, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Gaspar de Crayer and Artus Wolffort as well as of Italian masters such as Raffael and Guido Reni. Typical examples of his work are the painting \"A Poor Company at Table in a Rustic Kitchen\" held by the National Trust at Tyntesfield and oil on copper religious paintings, such as \"Daniel in the Lion's Den\"", "id": "11181882" }, { "contents": "Mattheus Borrekens\n\n\nAntwerp on 25 December 1670. Mattheus Borrekens was mainly a reproductive printmaker. He made prints after the work of leading Flemish painters of his time such as Rubens, van Dyck, Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Abraham van Diepenbeeck, Jan Thomas van Ieperen, Pieter van Lint and Cornelis Schut. He mainly concentrated on Christian religious subjects and portraits. He also engraved frontispieces of publications such as Christophe Butkens's\"Trophées tant sacrés et profanes du Duché de Brabant\". 1724-1726. For this publication he engraved after a design by van Diepenbeeck", "id": "2345697" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nmaster’s daughter, Cornelia Quellinus. Through his marriage he became the brother in law of the leading Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Elder. He became master of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1641 and in 1659 he became the deacon of the Guild. His first wife died in 1662, and he remarried in 1665, to Elisabeth Lemmens. He was the father of the sculptors Pieter Verbrugghen II and Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen. His daughter Suzanna married the sculptor Peeter Meesens. His pupils included some of the leading representatives of the", "id": "11276651" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nhave made individual statues, none of which have survived. In 1635 he was awarded the contract to make the pulpit of the St. Elisabeth Hospital in Antwerp. This work is an example of early Baroque in Antwerp and shows Erasmus’ mastery of balance and symmetry, even though there is no sense of realism. The pulpit in the St. Gummarus Church in Lier is another of his known commissions. He made the original design for the pulpit, which, after his death, was somewhat changed by his son Artus while Pieter Verbrugghen", "id": "7355034" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Barbé\n\n\nNicolaas Lauwers for infringement of privileges relating to prints he had created, he received the support of Rubens. Barbé married Christien (or Christina) Wierix, the daughter of the prominent engraver and publisher Hieronymus Wierix on 30 March 1620. According to the contemporary notes of the painter Erasmus Quellinus II, Barbé was a very ugly person, while his daughter, who was a gifted engraver, was counted among 'the most beautiful women of Antwerp'. Hieronymus Wierix , the father of his wife, had died in 1619 before the", "id": "20064889" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus II\n\n\nthe most successful Flemish Baroque sculptor of the mid 17th century. Artus II is likely to have received his training as a sculptor from his cousin Artus Quellinus I in Antwerp to where he must have moved from his native city of Sint-Truiden (then in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, now in the Belgian province of Limburg). Artus Quellinus II became a master of the Guild of Saint Luke in Antwerp in 1650–51. Artus Quellinus II married Anna Maria Gabron, the sister of the painter Willem Gabron, in 1653", "id": "13073283" }, { "contents": "Daniel Seghers\n\n\n, the collaborators are not always known with certainty. It is known he often worked with Cornelis Schut, Erasmus Quellinus II, Abraham van Diepenbeek, Simon de Vos, Jan van den Hoecke, Gonzales Coques and Rubens. Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert is also mentioned as his collaborator. It is possible that Seghers collaborated with Rubens on a garland painting for the Saint Carolus Borromeus church in Antwerp. During his stay in Rome he also collaborated with Poussin and Domenichino. Unlike in his later collaborations, Seghers is believed to have added flower garlands", "id": "7240113" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nErasmus de Bie (1629 in Antwerp – 1675 in Antwerp) was a Flemish Baroque painter known for his city views and genre scenes. He depicted several lively scenes of large public celebrations in his hometown of Antwerp. It is not clear whether the views of Italianate cities and landscapes attributed to him are the work of Adriaen de Bie, a Flemish painter from Lier who worked in Italy for a while. Very little is known about the life of Erasmus de Bie. He was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter", "id": "4566739" }, { "contents": "Willem Gabron\n\n\n. He was first registered in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke as a ‘wijnmeester’ (i.e. son of a master of the Guild) in the guild year 1640-41, along with his younger brother Antoon. His sister Anna Maria married the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus the Younger. Gabron travelled to Rome, at the latest by 1646. Here he became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists working in Rome. It was customary for the Bentvueghels to adopt an appealing nickname, the", "id": "12740318" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nBaroque painter, and the engraving of the frontispiece was made by Jacob Neefs (Antwerp, June 3, 1610 – 1660), also after a design by Erasmus Quellinus the Younger. Christoffel Plantin (1520–1589), grandfather of Balthasar Moretus, set up his printing shop called 'De Gulden Passer' (Golden Compasses) in Antwerp in 1555, publishing both Catholic and Protestant literature. This Frenchman, who fled his native country to Antwerp to escape the persecution during the 1540s, was the best-known printer of his time", "id": "2235324" }, { "contents": "Jan Anton van der Baren\n\n\nare a special type of still life invented in Antwerp and whose earliest practitioner was Jan Brueghel the Elder. These paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. Van der Baren collaborated on garland paintings with other painters, such as Erasmus Quellinus II and the Flemish émigré painter Nikolaus van Hoy. These collaborators painted the devotional image while van der Baren painted the flower garland. An example is the \"Garland of flowers surrounding the Holy Family", "id": "16752890" }, { "contents": "Jacob de Formentrou\n\n\nthe conclusion that the painting is not a collaboration between all the artists whose works are represented in the painting but rather represents the combined effort of de Formentrou and Erasmus Quellinus II, a leading Antwerp painter. F. G. Meijer on the other hand believes that the composition is a collaboration between all of the artists whose work are depicted. He attributes the composition and the various pictures depicted in it as follows: The painting can be read as a reference to connoisseurship, and in particular the connoisseur's activity of evaluating the authorship of", "id": "8771731" }, { "contents": "Nicolaas van Eyck\n\n\nstarted to study in 1632. He was a captain of a local schutterij and this may be a reason why he painted military scenes. He was friends with the flower painter Jan Philip van Thielen, who had also been a pupil of Rombouts. Van Eyck was godfather to at least one of van Thielen's nine children. He was the teacher of Pieter Hofman. His sons Nicolaas II and Jan Carel van Eyck became painters. Jan Carel was a student of Jan Erasmus Quellinus and spent time in Italy. Nicolaas van Eyck", "id": "8735899" }, { "contents": "Philips Augustijn Immenraet\n\n\nwould paint the landscape while the other specialist painters would take care of other aspects of the painting such as staffage, architecture, animals or still life elements. A collaboration with Erasmus Quellinus II is reported by the Dutch biographer Arnold Houbraken. The Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium holds the 1672 painting \"The Legend of William Tell shown to the Antwerp Guild of St Sebastian\", which is a collaboration between Immenraet, Wilhelm Schubert van Ehrenberg (who painted the architecture) and Karel-Emmanuel Biset. He also worked with", "id": "10869502" }, { "contents": "Hatching (heraldry)\n\n\nUniversity – the same city where Jan Baptist Zangrius was also active. Here Lobkowitz published a major work titled \"Theologia Moralis ad prima, eaque clarissima principia reducta\" printed by Perus Zangrius (Lovanii, typis ac sumptibus Petrus Zangrius, 1645). His book titled \"Philippus Prudens\" containing some hatched arms was published in 1639 by Balthasar Moretus in Antwerp. The coats of arms were engraved by Cornelius Galle the Younger, after the drawings of Erasmus Quellinus the Younger (Antwerp, 1607 - Antwerp, 1678), a Flemish", "id": "2235323" }, { "contents": "Erasmus de Bie\n\n\nFrans de Bie the Elder. He was baptised on 20 December 1629 in the St. Walburga church in Antwerp. He became a pupil of David Ryckaert III in 1641 and was admitted as a master in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1645-1646. He married Catharina Douglas, called de Schot (the Scot), and was the father of Frans and Jan Baptist de Bie, who both became painters. Jan Baptist emigrated to Vienna where he remained active. Erasmus de Bie had pupils in 1660 and in 1666,", "id": "4566740" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck (III)\n\n\nSnellinck the Younger was a genre and history painter. His great-grandfather was the prominent Flemish painter and art dealer Jan Snellinck the Elder, who was originally from Mechelen and worked most of his career in Antwerp. Jan Snellinck (III)'s grand-uncles Daniel and Gerard were also painters. Very little is known about the life of Jan Snellinck (III). He likely trained with his father. He was active in Rotterdam for his entire career. The death date and place of Jan Snellinck are not known but", "id": "10515381" }, { "contents": "Anton Goubau\n\n\nat the front on the right, which expresses the transience of power and fame. In addition to his cityscapes, Goubau painted many religious compositions, especially designed for churches in Antwerp. He also made a number of religious paintings on copper as part of a series made for the Spanish market to which other Flemish painters such as Willem van Herp, Erasmus Quellinus II, and possibly Abraham Willemsens contributed. The series is now kept in the Convent of las Comendadoras de Santiaga in Madrid. He painted portraits as evidenced by the portrait", "id": "4569148" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nof forms achieved through a sculptural use of light. Quellinus’ oldest known work is the 1634 \"Adoration of the Shepherds\" (Alte Pinakothek, Munich), which is in this Caravaggesque mode. From the 1640s, his style took on a classicizing aspect and a sculptured look. Erasmus never travelled to Italy so this stylistic development was likely influenced by the work of his brother Artus, who introduced his own style of classicizing Baroque in Flemish sculpture after returning from Rome in 1640. Both brothers depicted similar idealizing Antique figures in", "id": "11150852" }, { "contents": "Jan Siberechts\n\n\nEngland around 1672 and spent the first three years in England painting decorations in the Duke’s newly built Cliveden House at Taplow, Buckinghamshire, England. From the second part of the 1670s and in the 1680s he travelled widely in England completing numerous commissions for aristocratic clients. He lived in London where one of his daughters was a lace-maker for the Queen. His younger daughter, Frances, married the Flemish émigré sculptor Artus Quellinus III (known in England as 'Arnold Quellinus') and, after being widowed, John", "id": "14682967" }, { "contents": "Jan Fyt\n\n\n, Fyt collaborated regularly with other painters who were specialist in other areas such as figure, landscape or architectural painting. He thus relied on figure painters such as Cornelius Schut, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert and possibly on occasion Jacob Jordaens and on figure and architectural painters such as Erasmus Quellinus II. Jan Fyt produced many drawings of animals based usually on studies from nature. The Hermitage holds a large gouache drawing of a \"\". It is rich in colour and carefully executed and was likely intended as a model for tapestry cartoon. Fyt", "id": "1007601" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nartistic direction over the decorations for the Joyous Entry into Antwerp of the newly appointed governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, Leo van Heil worked as Quellinus' architectural assistant. The Archduke became his patron and appointed him as his court architect and commissioned various projects from van Heil, including a stone gate for the Archduke's palace in Brussels. The painter and printmaker Renier Meganck, who later worked as a court painter in Vienna, became a pupil of Leo van Heil in Brussels in 1656. In his time Leo van", "id": "8052851" }, { "contents": "Gerard Seghers\n\n\nGerard Seghers (1591 in Antwerp – 18 March 1651 in Antwerp) was a Flemish painter, art collector and art dealer. After a period of study of study and residence in Rome, he returned to Flanders where he became one of the leading representatives of the Flemish Caravaggisti movement. In his later career he abandoned the Caravaggist style and genre motifs to become an important painter of large altarpieces for local churches. Gerard Seghers was born in Antwerp as the son of innkeeper Jan Seghers and his wife Ida de Neve. He was", "id": "7355415" }, { "contents": "Jacob Leyssens\n\n\nJacob Leyssens or Jacob Lyssens (nickname Notenkraker) (1661, Antwerp - 1710, Antwerp), was a Flemish painter and decorator. After training in Antwerp, he spent a long time in Rome. After his return to Antwerp, he was active as a painter and decorator and collaborated with prominent Antwerp still life painters such as Gaspar Peeter Verbruggen the Younger and Jan Baptist Bosschaert. He was a student of Peter Ykens in 1674. He travelled to Rome at a young age as he is mentioned there in 1680. He", "id": "13757002" }, { "contents": "Francesco Ruschi\n\n\nFrancesco Ruschi was an Italian painter born in Rome around 1610. He studied in Rome under Giuseppe Cesari (Cavalier d'Arpino), Francesco Albani and Pietro da Cortona. His work also shows the influence of Caravaggio. He settled in Venice before 1629. He became a friend of the writer Giovan Francesco Loredan, for whom he drew the cover pages of several works. He moved to Treviso from 1656, and died there in 1661. Ruschi was influenced by the paintings of Paolo Veronese in his academic and decorative interpretations. These include", "id": "14035066" }, { "contents": "St. Peter in Chains Church (Beringen)\n\n\nor Vandereyt) and date from the late 17th century. Jan Rutten from Sint-Truiden completed the stalls after the death of Laurens Vandenreyt. The Baroque high altar contains a painting representing Christ on the cross attributed to the Antwerp painter Erasmus Quellinus II. The side altars are portico altars and contain the Baroque paintings \" Assumption and Coronation of Mary\" and the \"Finding of the Cross\", both by Anton Goubau. The rood screen is neogothic. The organ was manufactured in 1853 by Henri Vermeersch from Duffel and is the", "id": "12887333" }, { "contents": "Jan Snellinck\n\n\nJan Snellinck or Jan Snellinck (I) (Mechelen, c. 1548 – Antwerp, 1 October 1638) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and designer of tapestries, prints and frescoes. He is known for his large altarpieces and was also recognized as a leading battle painter in his time. Snellinck was active as an art dealer and art collector. Jan Snellinck was born in Mechelen as the son of Daniël Snellinck I, a painter and hawker, and Cornelia Verhulst (alias: Bessemeers). His mother came from a family", "id": "12059012" }, { "contents": "Paul de Vos\n\n\n. De Vos was able to develop his own personal style that accentuated abrupt movement, the gruesome aspects of hunts, used warmer colours and a broader brush stroke than Snyders. He also expanded the iconographic tradition with scenes of fighting cats and horses attacked by wolves. As was common amongst artists in 17th-century Antwerp, De Vos frequently collaborated with other painters. He collaborated with Rubens, Anthony van Dyck (, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg), Erasmus Quellinus II, Thomas Willeboirts Bosschaert, Adriaen van Utrecht and Jan Wildens", "id": "4556665" }, { "contents": "Pieter Verbrugghen I\n\n\nPieter Verbrugghen I (alternative spellings: \"Pieter Verbruggen I\", \"Peter van der Brugghen I\", \"Pieter van der Brugghen I\", \"Peter Verbrugghen I\", \"Peeter Verbrugghen I\") (1615, Antwerp – 1686, Antwerp) was a Flemish sculptor from the Baroque. He was apprenticed in 1625 as a 'beeltsnijder' (sculptor) to Simon de Neef, who was an 'antijcsnijder' (ornamental sculptor). Later he worked under Erasmus Quellinus I and in 1641 he married his", "id": "11276650" }, { "contents": "Thomas Quellinus\n\n\nThomas Quellinus (March 1661 – September 1709), also known, especially in Denmark, as Thomas Qvellinus, was a Flemish baroque sculptor. He was born in Antwerp but worked mainly in Copenhagen, Denmark. He is especially known for the production of grandiose and sumptuous memorial chapels, sepulchral monuments and epitaphs, which can be found in churches throughout Denmark and northern Germany’s Schleswig-Holstein area. His chapels and monuments are dramatically composed, executed in rare, differently coloured types of marble and framed by monumental architectural components.", "id": "11778978" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nscenes and designs for tapestries. Like Rubens, Quellinus was a \"pictor doctus\" with a strong grounding in ancient history and philosophy. He had built an extensive library and art collection. This learning is reflected in the subject matter of his work. Even while he was a frequent collaborator with Rubens’ workshop in the 1630s, Quellinus developed a personal style distinctive from that of Rubens. This style is reminiscent of the Antwerp followers of Caravaggio such as Theodoor Rombouts and Gerard Seghers. Characteristics of this style are the strong modeling", "id": "11150851" }, { "contents": "Jan Baptist Bosschaert\n\n\nJan Baptist Bosschaert or Jan Baptist Bosschaert the Younger (baptized on 17 December 1667 in Antwerp –1746 in Antwerp) was a Flemish still life painter who is principally known for his decorative still lifes with flowers. He collaborated with figure artists on compositions which combined allegorical or mythological scenes with a still life element. He was active in Antwerp. Jan Baptist Bosschaert was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter-baker Jan Baptist and his second wife Joanna de Bie, the sister of the painter Erasmus de Bie. His", "id": "20819606" }, { "contents": "Wallerant Vaillant\n\n\nWallerant Vaillant (30 May 1623 – 28 August 1677) was a painter of the Dutch Golden Age and one of the first artists to use the mezzotint technique, which he probably helped to develop. Wallerant Vaillant was born in Lille, the oldest of five brothers who all became successful painters. It is said Wallerant was a student of Erasmus Quellinus II (1607–1678) in Antwerp. He moved with his parents in 1643 to Amsterdam. In 1647 he lived in Middelburg, but in 1649 he was back in Amsterdam. In", "id": "8302348" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus I\n\n\nHans Bernaert (or Beernart) (1615) and Christoffel de la Fontaine (1633–34). His work is not well known since only a few of his works have survived. Erasmus is primarily known as a sculptor who drew inspiration from antiquity. He worked in the late Renaissance style although his later work shows a development towards early Baroque. The bulk of his commissions consisted of the renovation and replacement of church furniture that had been destroyed during the iconoclastic troubles of the 16th century. Besides decorative work, he is known to", "id": "7355033" }, { "contents": "Rombaut Pauwels\n\n\nbrother of François Duquesnoy, and the Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus also worked in this workshop in Rome. They and Rombaut Pauwels brought the moderate Baroque style of François Duquesnoy with them when they returned to the Southern Netherlands. After his return to Flanders, Rombaut Pauwels was active mainly in his hometown Mechelen and in Ghent. Rombaut Pauwels’ pupils included the brothers Hendrik and Jan Matthys. Rombaut Pauwels was a capable sculptor who worked in the classicizing Baroque style pioneered by François Duquesnoy but he lacked the virtuoso technique of his contemporaries Artus Quellinus", "id": "9167166" }, { "contents": "Lucas de Wael\n\n\nLucas de Wael (3 March 1591 – 25 October 1661) was a Flemish painter, engraver and merchant. He was born in Antwerp and worked for some time in Genoa in Italy before returning to Antwerp, where he died. Lucas de Wael was born into an artistic family in Antwerp as the son of the painter Jan de Wael I (1558-1633). His mother Gertrude de Jode came from a family of artists: her father was the cartographer Gerard de Jode and her brother was the engraver Peter de Jode", "id": "2957457" }, { "contents": "Jan van Balen\n\n\nGaspard, Theodoor van Thulden, Jan de Labare and Erasmus Quellinus the Younger on the execution of designs for the gallery on the Meir and the triumphal arch at St. John's Church in Antwerp. The overall design of the decorations was under the direction of Rubens. [[File:Jan Brueghel II, Jan van Balen - The Feast of Bacchus (Sine Cerere et Baccho friget Venus).jpg|thumb|\"The Feast of Bacchus\", with [[Jan Brueghel the Younger]] Jan van Balen left on 8 September 1639 with his brother Gaspard on", "id": "19729208" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\nfor the Council Chamber, is repeated in a painting by Erasmus. This development towards classicist rigidity may reflect the influence of French art with its preference for classicism. Erasmus’ work also gained a theatrical aspect as reflected in the 1652 painting \"Artemisia\" (Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, University of Glasgow). The painting has a theatrical background like a park. This tendency became more evident in the 1660s when his paintings started to include grandiose scenery with flamboyant architecture. This is clear in the \"Let the Children Come", "id": "11150854" }, { "contents": "Artus Quellinus the Elder\n\n\nin particular the marble decorations he and his workshop produced, became an example for other buildings in Amsterdam. The team of sculptors that Artus supervised during his work on the Amsterdam city hall included many sculptors who would become leading sculptors in their own right such as his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Rombout Verhulst, Bartholomeus Eggers and Gabriël Grupello and probably also Grinling Gibbons. He returned to work in Antwerp in 1658 and remained active mainly in this city until his death. His many pupils included his cousin Artus Quellinus II, Martin Deurweerders", "id": "8459223" }, { "contents": "David Teniers III\n\n\nDavid Teniers III, also referred to as David Teniers junior (baptized 10 July 1638 – 2 October 1685) was a Flemish painter and tapestry designer who was mainly active in Antwerp, Madrid and Brussels. He is known for his portraits, religious compositions and genre scenes. David Teniers III was born in Antwerp where he was baptized on July 10 in the St. James' Church. He was a scion of two very prominent artist families from Antwerp: his father was the painter David Teniers the Younger and his mother was Anna", "id": "17442937" }, { "contents": "Gerard Douffet\n\n\nGerard Douffet (6 aug 1594 – 1660/1661), also known as Doufeet or Duffeit, was a Flemish painter. He was born at Liège in 1594, and studied for some time at Antwerp in the school of Rubens, and afterwards in Italy. He composed and designed with good taste, and his historical pictures are much esteemed. 'Pope Nicholas V. at the Tomb of St. Francis of Assisi ' (painted in 1627), 'St. Helena and the true Cross' (painted for the Abbey of St. Lawrence,", "id": "6883668" }, { "contents": "Jan van Buken\n\n\nJan van Buken or Jan van Beucken (10 March 1635 – 6 February 1690) was a Flemish painter mainly known for his genre paintings and still lifes. Jan van Buken was born in Antwerp. He became a master in the Guild of Saint Luke in 1658 where he was registered under the name 'Jan van Beucken'. In the period from 1666 to 1682 he worked in Rome while regularly travelling back to Antwerp. He returned to live in Antwerp after the death of his parents. Jan Baptist Beveren was registered as", "id": "15324731" }, { "contents": "Erasmus Quellinus II\n\n\ntheir work in this period. His \"Adoration of the Holy Sacrament\" (1646) was painted in this style. From c. 1650 this classicism in his work became rigid and his compositions from this period made use of a limited number of stereotyped and idealized figure types. This stylistic development is evident in the interior decorations he made for the new City Hall of Amsterdam, which he executed in collaboration with his brother Artus. The brothers achieved stylistic agreement in this commission: the \"Judgement of Solomon\", which Artus sculpted", "id": "11150853" }, { "contents": "Nikolaus van Hoy\n\n\nhe would have met in Rome and had later joined him in Brussels. At about 1667 he became the court painter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria. He retained this post until his death in Vienna in 1679. He was succeeded at the court by his son Nickolaus van Hoey the Younger (Antwerp 1660- Vienna ca. 1710). He made landscapes and portraits. He engraved religious scenes and mythological figures adapted from originals of Veronese, Barocci and Raphael. He was one of the", "id": "16812974" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\ngenres including cattle market scenes, Italianate landscapes and village scenes. He is probably best known for his depiction of festivals and processions set in his native Antwerp. His village scenes are reminiscent of the genre scenes of David Teniers the Younger. He also took his inspiration from other Flemish artists. For instance, his composition \"\" likely drew its inspiration from similar paintings representing processions in cities by Flemish artists such as Pieter van Aelst and Erasmus de Bie. He painted many scenes of cattle markets, which offered him the opportunity to", "id": "3658943" }, { "contents": "Jan van den Hecke\n\n\nKunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Archduke Leopold Wilhem must have particularly liked his flower pieces as all of van den Hecke's paintings which he collected were pictures of flowers in vases and baskets and garland paintings. Van Hecke returned to Antwerp around 1657. In 1660 he married Maria Adriana Heyens with whom he had three children. His son, known as Jan van den Hecke II, was born in 1661 and became a popular painter of flowers as well as other types of still life. His two known pupils were Peeter vander Elstraeten (", "id": "14931009" }, { "contents": "Leo van Heil\n\n\nLeo van Heil (Brussels, 1605 – c.1664), was a Flemish architect, painter and miniature painter mainly of flowers and insects. He is chiefly remembered for his designs of the Brigittines chapel and the tower of the Saint Nicholas Church, both in Brussels. Leo van Heil was born in Brussels. He had two brothers who were also artists: Jan Baptist van Heil was a portrait painter and Daniel van Heil was a landscape painter specialising in winter scenes or burning fires. When in 1648 Erasmus Quellinus was given the general", "id": "8052850" }, { "contents": "Jan Verhas\n\n\ngovernment awarded him a special subsidy of 1,200 francs and commissioned from him a composition depicting the Battle of Kallo. In 1862 he travelled via Paris and Lyon to Italy, where he made stops in Turin, Milan and Venice. He remained in Venice for two to three months, studying and copying the masters. Lack of funds forced him to leave Italy. He travelled back via Paris where his brother Frans was working at the time. Jan assisted his brother in the execution of several decorative projects. Afterwards he resided in Antwerp", "id": "9399028" }, { "contents": "Alexander van Bredael\n\n\nPeeter the Elder and Joris became painters. Alexander trained under his father. He became a master in the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1685. On 11 August 1685, he married Cornelia Sporckmans, daughter of the Antwerp history painter Hubert Sporckmans. They had three daughters and six sons of whom Jan Frans became a painter. Alexander van Bredael died in Antwerp. His pupils include his son Jan Frans, Peeter Busschop, Johan Baptist Govaerts, Guielmus van Ryn and Pieter Snyers. Alexander van Bredael painted in a wide variety of", "id": "3658942" }, { "contents": "Filippo Zaniberti\n\n\nFilippo Zaniberti (1585–1636) was an Italian painter of the late Mannerist period. He was born in Brescia and active in Venice, where he became a pupil of Santo Peranda. Zaniberti's style recalls the richness of Paolo Veronese. He painted a \"Mannah in the desert\" for the main altarpiece of the church of Santa Maria Nuova of Venice. He worked alongside the fellow Peranda disciple, Matteo Ponzone, in the decoration of the Ducal palace of Mirandola. He painted a \"Marriage of St Catherine\" for the church", "id": "19300082" }, { "contents": "St. Paul's Church, Antwerp\n\n\ntwisted marble columns. The painting \"Adoration of the shepherds\" by Rubens forms the altar piece. The Maria Chapel also contains a white marble sculpture of \"Our Lady of Sorrows\" by Jan Pieter van Baurscheit de Elder. The church holds elaborate tomb monuments attributed to Johannes van Mildert, Pieter Verbrugghen II and Andries Colyns de Nole. The 17th century organ is regarded as one of the most important organs of Belgium. The monumental organ case was sculpted by Pieter Verbrugghen I after a design by Erasmus Quellinus II. In 1623", "id": "10432986" }, { "contents": "David Teniers the Elder\n\n\nDavid Teniers the Elder (158229 July 1649), Flemish painter, was born at Antwerp. Having received his first training in the painter's art from his brother Juliaen, he studied under Rubens in Antwerp, and subsequently under Elsheimer in Rome; he became a member of the Antwerp guild of painters in 1606. Though his ambition led him at times to try his skill in large religious, historical and mythological compositions, his claim to fame depends chiefly on his landscapes and paintings of peasants carousing, of kermesse scenes and the", "id": "12948361" } ]

[ { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nTommy Cairns (30 October 1890 – 30 November 1967) was a Scottish footballer who played for Bristol City, Peebles Rovers, St Johnstone, Rangers, Bradford City and Scotland. Born in Merryton, Lanarkshire, Cairns made his name in Junior football, helping Burnbank Athletic to the Scottish Junior Cup in 1911. He also appeared for Larkhall Thistle before earning an opportunity in the senior leagues. His first professional club was Bristol City where he played for two seasons from 1911. He joined Peebles Rovers in 1913 and had a short", "id": "21330844" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nan ever-present and scored 11 goals. Cairns enjoyed further League title successes in 1919–20, 1920–21, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1924–25 and 1926–27 before joining Bradford City in 1927. His final Rangers appearance was in a 2–1 win over Queen's Park on 1 March 1927. In his time with Bradford he made 135 appearances and won a Division Three North medal in 1929. He retired from football in 1932 and later worked as a scout for Arsenal. Cairns was also capped at international level, making eight Scotland appearances. He", "id": "21330846" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nspell with St Johnstone before joining Rangers in November 1913. He made his debut against Hamilton Academical on 27 December 1913 and played a total of nine games in his first season as Rangers finished second to rivals Celtic in Division One. Cairns was a regular in the Rangers team the following season, missing just one league game. He continued to be a regular in the team for the next two seasons but it was in season 1917–18 that he won his first League title (Rangers' first for five years). Cairns was", "id": "21330845" }, { "contents": "Kevin Cairns (footballer)\n\n\nin September 1960, making his debut that month in a Scottish Football League match against St Johnstone. After being a first team regular in his first season, Cairns made only one appearance in 1961–62 and was given a free transfer by Dundee United in May 1962. He signed for Southport in August 1962, going on to make 206 appearances in the Football League over the next six years. He then played non-league football for Wigan Athletic, where he played four games in the Cheshire League, and made a further five", "id": "20271756" }, { "contents": "Sandy Archibald\n\n\nRangers won the League title for the first time in 5 seasons. Archibald went on to win thirteen league titles in his seventeen seasons with the Glasgow club. He also won three Scottish Cup medals, the first of which was Rangers' first in 25 years and Archibald scored twice in the final as Rangers defeated Celtic 4–0 at Hampden. His final appearance for Rangers was in a 1–1 draw away to Queen's Park on 30 April 1934. He made 580 appearances for Rangers. Archibald won a total of 8 caps for Scotland", "id": "9747370" }, { "contents": "Arthur Dixon (footballer, born 1892)\n\n\nfirst goal for the club on 8 March 1919 in a 3–0 league win against Hamilton Academical. He enjoyed a benefit match at Ibrox Park on 10 September 1923. A crowd of 10,000 watched Rangers draw 1–1 with Liverpool. The Rangers side was: Hamilton (goalkeeper), Manderson, Meiklejohn, Dixon, McCandless, Archibald, Muirhead, Morton, Hansen, Cairns. The goalscorer for Rangers was Hansen. In total he made 361 appearances (326 league and 35 Scottish Cup) for the club. He scored eight goals (", "id": "11923821" }, { "contents": "Bert Manderson\n\n\nBert Manderson (9 May 1893 – 27 April 1946) was an Irish footballer, who played for Rangers and Ireland. Manderson, a right-back, made his Rangers debut in a 1-1 draw with Aberdeen on 27 March 1915. He had joined Rangers from Glenavon for £150. He previously had spells at Cliftonville and Belfast Celtic. He went on to make 370 league appearances (452 in total) in 12 seasons with the club, winning seven Scottish league titles. Manderson left Rangers to join Bradford Park", "id": "21502381" }, { "contents": "Archie Devine\n\n\nScotland, but he never played for the national side again. He also made one appearance for the Scottish League XI in that season, in a 3–2 win against the English Football League XI. In April 1910 he moved south of the border to Bradford City, and was part of the side that won the 1911 FA Cup Final against Newcastle United. He stayed at Bradford for nearly three years before joining Woolwich Arsenal. He made his debut for Arsenal against Chelsea on 15 February 1913, and was part of the team that", "id": "20302147" }, { "contents": "James Stewart (footballer, born 1883)\n\n\nhe played in the losing side in the final against Bradford City. He made his third, and final, England appearance against Scotland on 1 April 1911 and again scored in a 1–1 draw. All three of his international appearances thus ended 1–1. He continued to be a regular member of the Newcastle side until he was sold to Rangers in 1913 for £600. In his Newcastle career he made a total of 138 appearances with 53 goals. In May 1914 he returned to his native north-east, and non-", "id": "11906121" }, { "contents": "George Waddell\n\n\nGeorge Barr Waddell (29 November 1888 – 17 September 1966) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Scottish Football League for Rangers and in the Football League in England for Bradford City, Preston North End, Oldham Athletic, Birmingham and New Brighton. He played as a wing half. Waddell was born in Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire. He began his football career in junior football before joining Rangers in 1909. He made his debut in Division One on 26 April 1909 in a 3–2 defeat to Queen's Park. Over the", "id": "656965" }, { "contents": "Andrew Shinnie\n\n\ninternational debut for Scotland in November 2012, in a 2–1 win over Luxembourg. Shinnie made his first team debut for Rangers on 17 March 2007, coming on as a substitute for Dado Pršo in a Scottish Premier League match against Aberdeen. On the same day, he scored two goals for Rangers' under-19 team against St Mirren under-19s. In April, he scored the first goal in the 5–0 win over rivals Celtic as Rangers won the 2007 Scottish Youth Cup Final. He went on to sign a new three-year professional", "id": "14751617" }, { "contents": "Bobby McKean\n\n\nRobert Munro McKean (8 December 1952 – 15 March 1978) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for St Mirren and Rangers. He appeared in one full international match for Scotland, in 1976. McKean started his career at local club Blantyre Victoria before moving to St Mirren in 1969. After five seasons in Paisley he joined Rangers for £50,000 in September 1974. He enjoyed a successful spell in Govan and won the league twice in his first two seasons. He was also part of the 1976 Scottish Cup Final winning", "id": "303577" }, { "contents": "Andy Cunningham (footballer)\n\n\n1918–19. In total, he made 389 appearances and scored 182 goals for Rangers. He won 7 League titles and played in Rangers' famous 1928 Scottish Cup final triumph where they defeated Celtic 4–0 to win their first Scottish Cup in 25 years. Cunningham was also capped at international level, playing 12 times for Scotland and scoring 5 goals. He lost just one of his 12 games for Scotland. Cunningham also represented the Scottish League XI 10 times. Cunningham moved to Newcastle United in 1928, becoming the then oldest player to", "id": "19975016" }, { "contents": "Archie Mitchell (footballer)\n\n\nthe team win the Birmingham & District League title in the 1905–06 and 1906–07 seasons. Mitchell departed Villa in 1907. On 2 May 1907, Mitchell joined Southern League First Division club Queens Park Rangers. He had a good start to his career with the Hoops, winning the 1907–08 First Division title in his debut season. A further First Division title was won in 1911–12, with the Charity Shield being lost 2–1 to Football League First Division champions Blackburn Rovers. He remained with Queens Park Rangers through to 1921 and finally made his", "id": "9272843" }, { "contents": "James Bowie (footballer)\n\n\nJames Bowie (9 July 1888 – 7 August 1972) was a Scottish football player and football administrator, who played for and was chairman of Rangers. He began his career at Maryhill Juniors and joined Rangers in December 1910 from Queen's Park. He made his debut against Falkirk on 10 December 1910. During his time at the club he won six League championships and played in a total of 351 competitive games, scoring 70 goals. Bowie won two Scotland caps in 1920, and also played in three wartime internationals in 1919", "id": "4895542" }, { "contents": "James Vaughan (footballer, born 1988)\n\n\n. He made his second debut for the club in the 1–0 defeat by Nottingham Forest on 3 August. After scoring two goals in the League Cup win over Bradford City on 6 August, he scored his first league goal on his return in the 1–1 draw with Queens Park Rangers on 10 August. On 24 August, he scored a hat-trick in a 5–1 win against A.F.C. Bournemouth. Vaughan joined fellow Championship club Birmingham City on 26 November 2015, on loan until 2 January 2016. He made his debut as a", "id": "14499593" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Smith (footballer, born 1911)\n\n\ncontinued their dominance of Scottish football. Smith also collected his first Scottish Cup medal, scoring in a 5-0 defeat of St Mirren in the final at Hampden. Success for Smith and Rangers continued. The League title was again won in 1934–35 with Smith scoring 43 goals in 38 matches, including 6 in a 7-1 defeat of Dunfermline Athletic. He also collected his second Scottish Cup medal, scoring twice in the 2-1 against Hamilton Academical in the final. Rangers went on to win two of the next", "id": "14794886" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\na 4–2 win over Motherwell at the start of the 1946–47 season. He made a total of 13 league appearances in his first season, including a 4–1 win over Hamilton Academical in the last match, as Rangers beat Hibernian to clinch the League title. In the following season, 1947–48, Cox was an ever present as Rangers finished second to Hibs in the league, and won the Scottish Cup after a 1–0 win over Greenock Morton. Cox also netted his first Rangers goal during the season, scoring in a 2–1 win over", "id": "14907540" }, { "contents": "Andrew Little (footballer)\n\n\nas making one appearance for the \"B\" team, he won his first senior cap in March 2009, and appeared nine times in total. A former Ballinamallard United player, he moved from Northern Ireland to Scotland in 2006 to join the Rangers Academy. He scored for the \"Gers\" in the club's Scottish Youth Cup final victory over Old Firm rival's Celtic at Hampden Park in 2008. That season he also helped the club to top the SPFL Development League. He made his senior debut as a substitute for", "id": "5532587" }, { "contents": "Jim Eadie\n\n\nJames Eadie (born 4 February 1947) is a Scottish former professional footballer. During his career, he made over 200 appearances in the Football League in spells with Cardiff City, Chester and Bristol Rovers. Eadie began his career at Rangers but never made a first team appearance for the club, moving to Dumbarton where he played a handful of matches before joining Kirkintilloch Rob Roy. It wasn't until he moved south to play in The Football League that he began to play regular football. He signed for Cardiff City in 1969", "id": "15683889" }, { "contents": "Andrew McAtee\n\n\nconscripted in 1917 and served in Italy. On returning to Scotland McAtee resumed his successful football career with Celtic, participating in two further league title-winning seasons for a total of six. He also featured in a further Scottish Cup victory in 1923, twelve years after his first in 1911, and won four Glasgow Cups, scoring the winning goal against Clyde in the 1920-21 final. He made one appearance for Scotland in 1913 versus Wales but was selected more frequently for the Scottish League XI, playing in seven games", "id": "872940" }, { "contents": "Bobby Russell (footballer, born 1957)\n\n\nRobert Russell (born 11 February 1957 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Russell joined Rangers from Shettleston Juniors in 1977 and made his first team debut against Aberdeen on 13 August that year, aged only 20. The game ended in a 3–1 defeat, however Rangers went on to win the treble that season and Russell cemented his place on the right side of the midfield. He made 370 appearances for the club and won a league championship, two Scottish Cups", "id": "82295" }, { "contents": "Aaron Ramsey\n\n\nMifsud. On 26 April, he scored his first league goal in a 3–3 draw against Burnley. He went on to make his first career league start three weeks later in a 3–1 win over Queens Park Rangers and began to establish himself in the first team, making several more starts in the Cardiff side. He made a total of 22 appearances during the season, his first full season of professional football, and played in five of the club's six FA Cup matches, including the final, becoming the second youngest player", "id": "12732777" }, { "contents": "Daniel Bruce (footballer)\n\n\nCup Final against Queen's Park. The final as scheduled finished as a 1–1 draw; in the replay, Bruce opened the scoring for Vale of Leven but Queen's came back to win 2–1. Soon afterwards, and while still a teenager, Bruce was capped for Scotland. His first and what turned out to be only international appearance came on 22 March 1890 against Wales in the British Home Championship; Scotland won 5–0. He moved to Rangers in 1891 and played four games in the Scottish Football League at the start of", "id": "4264595" }, { "contents": "Joe Hutton (footballer)\n\n\nJoseph \"Joe\" Hutton (18 November 1927 – April 1999) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Gillingham, Millwall, Reading and Stoke City. Hutton was born in Dundee and began his career in England with Reading. He only made eight appearances for the \"Royals\" before going back to Scotland to play for Ayr United. He and Ayr team-mate Bobby Cairns joined Stoke City in 1953. Hutton made an instant impact at the Victoria Ground scoring in his first three matches for the club", "id": "8572530" }, { "contents": "Alex Venters\n\n\nAlexander Venters (9 June 1913 – 30 April 1959) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Cowdenbeath, Rangers and Scotland. Alex Venters, an inside forward, joined Rangers in November 1933 after his first club Cowdenbeath. He spent a total of 13 years at Ibrox Park, winning three Scottish league titles (1935, 1937 and 1939), two Scottish Cups (1935, 1936) and scoring 102 goals in 201 appearances. 18 of these 102 goals came against Celtic in various competitions. In the last season before", "id": "9812289" }, { "contents": "Matt Fry\n\n\nreturned to West Ham having made 32 appearances, scoring one goal, for Charlton. Fry had his contract cancelled by mutual consent with West Ham on 2 February 2012 allowing him to seek first-team football on a regular basis. On 10 February 2012, Fry joined League Two club Bradford City on a free transfer. He made his debut in a 1–1 draw at home to Port Vale on 14 February 2012, in which he played 79 minutes before being substituted. After leaving Bradford, Fry played for Concord Rangers, helping", "id": "20258156" }, { "contents": "Alex Bennett (footballer)\n\n\nand also worked as a sports journalist. He died in Glasgow in 1940. Bennett was capped eleven times for Scotland, gaining three caps while at Celtic and the remaining eight while at Rangers. He made his Scotland debut against Wales in March 1904 and scored his first international goal, again against Wales, four years later. He scored his second international goal in his final Scotland appearance, against Ireland in March 1913. He also appeared ten times in representative matches for the Scottish Football League. At the age of 39 he", "id": "7795002" }, { "contents": "Robert Campbell (footballer, born 1882)\n\n\nRobert Campbell (1882 – 13 March 1931) was a Scottish footballer who played for Partick Thistle, Rangers, Millwall Athletic and Bradford City. He was a full back who won the 1911 FA Cup with Bradford. Born in Lugar in 1882, Campbell started his football career with Partick Thistle, with whom he won a Scottish League representative honour, before moving to Rangers in 1903. He played for Rangers until 1905, making nine appearances and scoring once before he moved to England and Millwall Athletic in the Southern League. He", "id": "15446261" }, { "contents": "Matthew Dickie\n\n\nMatthew Dickie (19 August 1873 – 30 December 1959) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Rangers. Dickie made his Rangers debut against St Mirren in a 5-1 home win at Ibrox on 15 August 1896. He played 126 league matches from a possible 132 in an amazing spell during his time at the club. He went on to make 175 first class appearances in total. Dickie won four League championships, 3 Scottish Cups, 5 Glasgow Cups and represented Scotland three times.", "id": "4766083" }, { "contents": "Michael O'Halloran (footballer)\n\n\nwin over Forfar Athletic. He scored again in Saints' final home game of the season, to conclude a 3–3 draw with former club Celtic. O'Halloran won the Scottish Premiership player of the month award for November 2015. St Johnstone rejected two bids from Rangers for O'Halloran in January 2016. Manager Tommy Wright then left O'Halloran out of their following league game, saying that O'Halloran was not \"mentally ready\" to play. O'Halloran made his final appearance for the club in a 2–1 defeat to Hibernian in the Scottish League Cup semi", "id": "9744181" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Millar (footballer, born 1870)\n\n\ntwo different spells: 1890–96 (winning three Football League championships in four seasons) and 1900–04 (claiming a fourth title), separated by a stint in his homeland at Rangers where he won two Scottish Football League titles and two Scottish Cups. Overall he made 260 appearances for Sunderland, scoring 123 goals. At the time of his death he was the trainer for Chelsea. Millar was capped for Scotland three times between 1897 and 1898 during his time with Rangers, scoring twice, both in matches against England; his first was", "id": "14464136" }, { "contents": "Joe Hendry\n\n\nJoe Hendry was a Scottish football player. Hendry played for Rangers, Greenock Morton and St Johnstone amongst other clubs during his career. Hendry began playing football with Maryhill FC. He joined Greenock Morton in 1907 and stayed there for two years before signing for Rangers. Hendry made his debut in a 1–0 win at home on 23 April 1910 against Clyde and during his eight-year spell with the club Hendry made 147 appearances and scored 7 goals. After leaving Rangers he had spells with Dumbarton, Third Lanark, St Johnstone and", "id": "17804993" }, { "contents": "Gordon Rae\n\n\nGordon Rae (born 3 May 1958) is a retired Scottish footballer, who played mainly as a defender for Hibernian, Partick Thistle, Hamilton Academical and Meadowbank Thistle. He also played sometimes as a centre forward, scoring over 50 goals in the Scottish Football League in his career. Rae signed for Hibernian as a 17-year-old from Whitehill Welfare in 1975. He made his first team debut two years later, and scored in a 2–0 win against Rangers at Ibrox in his second appearance. He became club captain, appeared", "id": "6510043" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Johnstone\n\n\narrival at Celtic, Stein had doubts about Johnstone, considering him too much of an individual player, to the overall detriment of the team, and he left him out of the team for the 1965 Scottish Cup Final. Johnstone soon won Stein round with his skill, and won his first winner's medal on 23 October 1965 when he played in Celtic's 2–1 win over Rangers in the Scottish League Cup Final. His 32 league appearances and nine goals that season helped Celtic win their first league title in 12 years. Johnstone", "id": "811424" }, { "contents": "Eddie Rutherford\n\n\nEdward 'Eddie' Rutherford (8 February 1921 – 29 August 2007) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers, Hearts and Scotland. Born in Govan, Scotland, Rutherford joined Rangers from Mossvale in 1941 but during the Second World War he was posted to England so he guested for Lincoln City and Bradford City. He played three games for Bradford in 1944–45 in the Football League War Cup North section. After he had completed his service, Rutherford returned to Rangers and made his first appearance for the club on 19 October", "id": "14506034" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\n1954 Cox played his last match for Scotland, as he captained the team at Hampden in a 4–2 defeat by England in front on 134,544 spectators. 1954–55 was Cox's last season at Rangers as he made only 15 first-team appearances. He made his final Rangers appearance in a 2–1 defeat to Aberdeen on 19 February 1955. Cox made a total of 370 appearances for Rangers, won 25 caps for Scotland and 13 caps for the Scottish League XI. After his Rangers career, Cox had a spell with East Fife before", "id": "14907543" }, { "contents": "Gary Warren (footballer)\n\n\ngame of the season, Warren made his debut in a 2–2 draw against St Mirren. Two-months later on 22 December 2012, he scored his first goal for Inverness in a 4–1 win over Dundee. In the quarter-final of the Scottish League Cup, he scored his second goal for Inverness in a 3–0 win over Rangers, helping the club to reach the semi-final. In the first part of the season, Warren and his teammates struggled as the club found themselves near the foot of the table,", "id": "16107731" }, { "contents": "Ronnie McKinnon\n\n\nRonald McKinnon (born 20 August 1940 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who played for Rangers and the Scotland national team. MacKinnon, a defender, made his Rangers debut against Hearts on 8 March 1961 in a 3–0 win at Ibrox. He went on to make 473 appearances for Rangers between 1961 and 1972, winning two League championships, four Scottish Cups, three League Cups and a Cup Winners' Cup. He also won a total of 28 caps for Scotland, making his debut in the famous 1", "id": "19851592" }, { "contents": "James Marshall (footballer, born 1908)\n\n\nDr James Marshall (3 January 1908 — 27 December 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for both Rangers and Arsenal as well as the Scotland national side. He played as an inside forward. Marshall was born in Avonbridge, Stirlingshire and joined Rangers from Shettleston in 1925. During his nine-year spell at Ibrox he amassed five League championships and three Scottish Cups. He also won three Scotland caps, all of them against England between 1932 and 1934. In total he scored 138 goals in 257 league appearances for Rangers", "id": "4895243" }, { "contents": "Thomas Murray (footballer)\n\n\nThomas Murray (7 April 1889 – 1976) was an English professional footballer who played as a inside right. Born in Middlesbrough, Murray spent his early career with Middlesbrough, Aberdeen, Rangers and Heart of Midlothian. At Hearts he scored 12 goals in 28 league games between August 1911 and April 1912. He joined Bradford City in June 1912. He made 6 league appearances for Bradford City, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in February 1914 to join Hull City. For Hull he made a further 2 league appearances", "id": "5167081" }, { "contents": "Ernie Thompson (footballer, born 1909)\n\n\n, scoring once in a 2–2 draw; his only other appearance came a week later in a 1–0 home win over Crewe Alexandra. At the end of the season, Thompson joined Second Division Bristol City, but never made a first-team appearance, instead spending his single season with the club playing in the reserves in both the Western Section of the Southern Football League and the Western Football League First Division. He left before the end of the 1929–30 season in February 1930 to join Bath City, playing for them in the", "id": "16156938" }, { "contents": "Alan Morton\n\n\n\"\" (insurance salesman). Morton had already been capped while an amateur before joining Rangers (making his debut for Scotland on 26 February 1920 against Wales) but would go on to play in every international against the \"Auld Enemy\", England, from 1920 to 1932 bar the fixture at Old Trafford in 1926, eventually winning 31 caps. In addition he made 15 appearances (scoring 1 goal) for the Scottish League XI (making his debut on 22 February 1919 against the Football League at St. Andrews, Birmingham", "id": "6451273" }, { "contents": "Dan Thomson\n\n\nDaniel Thomson (born 10 August 1891 in Dundee) was a Scottish professional footballer. Thomson began his career with Aberdeen before moving on to St Johnstone from where he joined Bristol City in the 1925-26 season. He spent the following season with Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic before joining Torquay United in 1927. He played in United's first match in the Football League, a 1-1 draw with local rivals Exeter City at Plainmoor on 27 August 1927. He played in the next eight games for Torquay before losing his place", "id": "2040384" }, { "contents": "Jack Smith (footballer, born 1895)\n\n\nwinning the Scottish Cup in 1920, including scoring the third goal for Kilmarnock in the final when they defeated his former team, Albion Rovers, 3–2. Following a disagreement with Kilmarnock, Smith joined Cowdenbeath, where during 1921–22, he netted 45 goals as they finished runners-up in Division Two. At the season's end he joined Rangers for £3,000, making his debut at Ibrox Park on 15 August 1922, scoring in a 2–0 victory over Alloa Athletic. He only made two further appearances for Rangers, scoring once", "id": "17284045" }, { "contents": "Peter Thomson (footballer)\n\n\nIn two seasons at Kenilworth Road he made 11 League appearances, scoring 3 goals. Scoring twice against Stoke City in a memorable 3-1 away win. He also played two League games whilst on loan at Rushden & Diamonds, scoring once on his debut. He had a brief spell with Morecambe, scoring against Dagenham & Redbridge on his home debut with an overhead kick. Thomson joined Southport in July 2002. He returned to Lancaster City in December 2003 and enjoyed further success with Stafford Rangers in the summer of 2005.", "id": "8805355" }, { "contents": "John McPherson (footballer, born 1868)\n\n\nMcPherson also won three Scottish Cup medals with Rangers, the first in 1894, where he scored in five of Rangers' six matches, including the 3–1 final win over Celtic at Hampden. McPherson also scored in the 1897 final, where Rangers defeated Dumbarton 5–1. His third Scottish Cup winners medal came a year later, 1898, where Rangers defeated McPherson's former club Kilmarnock 2–0. His final recorded appearance for Rangers was in a 2–0 friendly defeat to Glentoran on 2 April 1902. McPherson was also a Scottish International, winning", "id": "8242049" }, { "contents": "James Cairns (forward)\n\n\nJames Cairns (\"unknown\" – \"unknown\") was a footballer who played at inside right for several English clubs, including Lincoln City and Newton Heath in the late 1890s. Cairns began his football career with Stevenston Thistle in 1895, before moving to Glossop North End. In September 1897, he joined Football League side Lincoln City, but before he made an appearance for the club, he had moved on to Newton Heath in April 1898. It took Cairns six months to make his debut for the Heathens, eventually", "id": "22214514" }, { "contents": "Andy Neil\n\n\nAndrew Neil (18 November 1892 – 14 August 1941) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 328 Football League appearances playing as an inside forward or wing half for Brighton & Hove Albion (two spells), Arsenal and Queens Park Rangers. Neil was born in Crosshouse, near Kilmarnock in Ayrshire. He joined Kilmarnock of Division One from junior club Ardeer Thistle, and made his debut on 12 April 1913 away to Motherwell. He played regularly in his second season, and in 1914–15, his 20 goals placed him sixth in", "id": "2233011" }, { "contents": "Ernest Myers (footballer)\n\n\nErnest Myers, also known as Colin Myers, was an English professional footballer who played as an inside left. Born in Chapeltown, Sheffield, Myers spent his early career with Northfleet, Crystal Palace and Hickleton Main Colliery. He joined Bradford City in April 1914, and made 1 league appearance for the club, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in May 1920 to join Southend United, where he scored 2 goals in 23 league games. He later played for Aberdare Athletic, Northampton Town, Queens Park Rangers, Exeter", "id": "5167086" }, { "contents": "Billy Bennett (footballer, born 1955)\n\n\nthen over a year before Bennett made another senior appearance, when he again scored in a 3–0 Hearts win over Berwick Rangers in the final of the East of Scotland Shield. He made his league debut for Hearts on 16 November 1974 in the 1–3 defeat away at Arbroath. Bennett left Hearts in the summer of 1976 to sign for Third Division outfit Berwick Rangers. In two seasons with The Borderers, he played 69 league matches and scored 8 goals. At the start of the 1978–79 season, Bennett joined Forfar Athletic. He", "id": "17097673" }, { "contents": "Jerome Thomas\n\n\nhe scored a goal in the final over Blackburn Rovers. He was loaned out to Second Division side Queens Park Rangers in the 2001–02 and 2002–03 seasons. He made his debut in the Football League on 30 March 2002, in a 3–2 win over Tranmere Rovers at Prenton Park. He scored his first professional goal on 6 April, the only goal of the game against Swindon Town at the County Ground in a 1–0 win for QPR. During his second loan spell in October 2002, he scored long distance goals away at Cheltenham", "id": "9097657" }, { "contents": "Willie Reid (footballer)\n\n\nEngland with Portsmouth. Reid returned to Scotland in April 1909 when signed by Rangers, where he won three league titles in eleven seasons. He was the club's top scorer for six consecutive seasons, between 1910 and 1916. He received all his caps for Scottish national side while with Rangers. Reid made his Scotland debut in a 2–2 draw with Wales in 1911 and earned his last cap three years later, against England. Reid also represented the Scottish League XI. His football career was interrupted by the First World War,", "id": "15187335" }, { "contents": "Stephen McGinn\n\n\nRangers, where St Mirren won 1–0, the team's first home league win over Rangers in 22 years. McGinn started the 2009–10 season on bench in the Scottish League Cup game but then went on to score on his first start of the season in a 2–1 loss to Hibernian on 15 August 2009. He continued his season with a brace against Kilmarnock at Rugby Park, where The Buddies came from behind to win 2–1. McGinn signed for Watford in January 2010, for an undisclosed fee. He made his first Watford appearance", "id": "14258787" }, { "contents": "Anthony Ralston\n\n\nAnthony Ralston (born 16 November 1998) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Celtic. He also spent several months on loan at Queens Park in 2015 and at Dundee United in 2018. Ralston made his debut for the Celtic first team on 11 May 2016, in a 2–1 defeat against St Johnstone. He scored his first goal for Celtic in a 5–0 Scottish League Cup win over Kilmarnock on 8 August 2017. He made some further appearances early in the 2017–18 season, including a Champions League match against Paris Saint-", "id": "17673352" }, { "contents": "Sam Gallacher\n\n\nSamuel Gallacher (born 23 December 1904) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a centre half. Born in Annbank, Gallacher played for Larkfield Juniors and Cadzow St. Anne's in his native Scotland, before moving to England to join Bradford City in May 1924. For Bradford City he made 40 appearances in the Football League, scoring 2 goals. He left the club in August 1927 to join Crystal Palace. He later played for Lincoln City, making 13 appearances in the Football League as well as one FA Cup appearance", "id": "4883696" }, { "contents": "Julien Rodriguez\n\n\nJulien Rodriguez (born 11 June 1978 in Béziers, France) is a French former professional footballer who played as a defender. Rodriguez started his career at AS Monaco, making 135 appearances for the club and helping them to reach the 2004 Champions League final. He joined Scottish Premier League club Rangers in August 2005 for £1m. He scored his first goal for Rangers on 11 March 2006 in Rangers' 4–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Ibrox Stadium and made a total of 30 appearances in his debut season with the club.", "id": "11830556" }, { "contents": "Mark Williams (Scottish footballer)\n\n\n-year contract by his former St Mirren manager Danny Lennon. Nine days later he made his debut, playing the full 90 minutes as they won 1–0 at Highland League team Brora Rangers in the first round of the Scottish Challenge Cup. On 8 August he played his first league game, a 3–1 loss away to Queen of the South. In February 2016, he moved on loan to Arbroath in Scottish League Two; on 12 March he scored his first career goal to conclude a 3–0 win over East Stirlingshire at Gayfield Park", "id": "15479008" }, { "contents": "Jack Blackman (English footballer)\n\n\nJohn James Blackman (25 November 1912 – 1987) was an English retired professional footballer who played in the Football League for Crystal Palace and Queens Park Rangers as a forward. He also played non-league football for Guildford City. Blackman began his career at Queens Park Rangers and in October 1935, signed for Crystal Palace, then playing in the Football League Third Division South. He made a goal-scoring debut in November in a home 5–0 win against Millwall and went on to make 27 appearances that season scoring 19 times", "id": "13124108" }, { "contents": "Paul Bennett (footballer, born 1961)\n\n\nPaul Bennett (born 30 January 1961) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Port Vale. Bennett was an Everton youth team player before joining Port Vale in September 1978. He made his debut as a substitute in a 1–1 draw with Peterborough United at London Road on 1 November 1980, and three weeks later he scored his first goal in a 4–2 win over Bradford City. He went on to play 26 Fourth Division games in the 1980–81 season, and scored his first goal in the Football League", "id": "4265172" }, { "contents": "Nicol Smith\n\n\nNicol Smith (25 December 1873 – 6 January 1905) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers. Born in Darvel, Ayrshire, Smith played as a fullback for local sides Vale of Irvine, Royal Albert and Darvel, earning junior international selection, before joining Rangers in 1893. He made only two league appearances in his first season at the club, but by 1893–94, he had established himself in the Rangers team, missing just one of the 18 league fixtures. During that season he was also responsible for bringing Alex", "id": "20560230" }, { "contents": "Bill Paterson (footballer, born 1930)\n\n\nthe proceeds adding to the transfer deal. He had a relatively unsuccessful three years on Tyneside and so returned to Scotland to join Rangers for £3,500. His debut came on 13 August 1958 in a 2-1 home league win against Partick Thistle. That was the first of three appearances that he would make that entire season. Overall Paterson did go on to make 116 top team appearances for the club and won two Scottish league championships. He also claimed a Scottish Cup, a Scottish League Cup, a Charity Cup winners", "id": "14236809" }, { "contents": "David McClure (footballer)\n\n\nDavid McClure was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a right-back who had spells in Scotland, Ireland and England. He was born in Slamannan, Stirlingshire, but began his footballing career in Ireland with Glenavon. McClure then returned to Scotland to play Junior league football with Dunipace, before joining Scottish Football League club St Johnstone in 1924. In June 1927, he was signed by Football League Third Division North club Nelson and made his debut for the club on 24 September 1927 in the 2–1 win against Durham City.", "id": "19923020" }, { "contents": "Arthur Adey\n\n\nArthur Lewis Adey (1 March 1930 - January 1994) was a Scottish professional association football player of the 1950s. Born in Glasgow, he was a centre forward and began his professional career with Doncaster Rovers and later played for Gillingham and Bradford Park Avenue. He made 68 appearances in The Football League and scored 15 goals. He signed for Doncaster Rovers in September 1950, following his move from Bishop Auckland and made his professional debut in Division Two on 14 April 1951 against Queens Park Rangers. In 1954, after three more", "id": "17203075" }, { "contents": "Billy Hogg\n\n\nWilliam Hogg (29 May 1879 – 30 January 1937) was an English footballer who played at outside right, winning the Football League championship with Sunderland in 1901–02, before moving to Scotland where he won the Scottish League title three times with Rangers. He also made three appearances for England in 1902. Hogg was born in Sunderland and was playing local football with Willington Athletic when he was spotted by Sunderland where he became a professional in October 1899. He made his debut on 2 December 1899, scoring in a 5–0 victory over", "id": "13514822" }, { "contents": "John Ballantyne (footballer)\n\n\nJohn Ballantyne (30 June 1892 – after 1917) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 20 appearances in the Football League playing for Birmingham and played for Scottish Football League clubs Kilmarnock, Vale of Leven and Rangers. He played as an outside right. Ballantyne was born in Riccarton, Ayrshire. He played for Kilmarnock and Vale of Leven before coming to England to join Football League Second Division club Birmingham in April 1913. He made his debut on 26 April 1913, the last day of the 1912–13 season, in a 2–1", "id": "2299260" }, { "contents": "Liam Burt\n\n\nLiam Burt (born 1 February 1999) is a Scottish footballer who last played for Rangers, as a midfielder. He made his first team debut for Rangers in March 2016, and has also played on loan for Dumbarton and Alloa Athletic. Burt has represented Scotland at various youth levels up to under-21 level. Burt played youth football for Celtic before being released and subsequently joining the Rangers Academy. He made his professional debut for the club aged seventeen during a Scottish Championship match against Raith Rovers on 1 March 2016. A few", "id": "3837470" }, { "contents": "James Hamilton (footballer, born 1901)\n\n\nJames Hamilton (16 June 1901 – 1975) was a Scottish footballer who played for Vale of Clyde, St Mirren, Rangers, Blackpool, Barrow, Armadale and Scotland. He was a full-back. Bargeddie-born Hamilton made his debut for Harry Evans' Blackpool at home to Bristol City on 15 September 1928, six games into their 1928–29 Football League campaign. He made a further 24 League appearances that season as \"the Tangerines\" finished eighth in Division Two. He started the first three League games of the", "id": "1708146" }, { "contents": "John Campbell (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\nJohn William Campbell (2 October 1877 – 20 January 1919) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Linthouse, Partick Thistle, Blackburn Rovers, Rangers, West Ham United, Hibernian and the Scotland national team. He was born in Glasgow and gained the most success in his career with Rangers with whom he won four successive league titles (1898–99, 1899–00, 1900–01 and 1901–02) the first of which Rangers won all 18 of their Scottish league matches. He also represented Scotland at international level, winning four caps and scoring", "id": "13889025" }, { "contents": "Matt Hill (footballer)\n\n\nMatthew Clayton Hill (born 26 March 1981) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for Bradford Park Avenue. Born in Bristol, Hill started his career with Bristol City where he made over 200 appearances. He subsequently joined Preston North End where he also spent a successful spell, playing over 100 times for the Lancashire club. A move to Wolverhampton Wanderers followed but first team opportunities were more limited and he was loaned to Queens Park Rangers before leaving to join Barnsley. After only one season at the South Yorkshire club", "id": "15275700" }, { "contents": "Dennis O'Donnell\n\n\nDennis O'Donnell (q1 1880 – after 1908) was an English professional footballer who scored 41 goals from 167 appearances in the Football League playing as a forward for Lincoln City, Sunderland, Notts County and Bradford Park Avenue. He also played in the Southern League for Queens Park Rangers. O'Donnell was born in Willington Quay, then in Northumberland. He made his debut for Lincoln City on 5 October 1901 in a 2–1 win at home to Middlesbrough in the Football League Second Division, and played for the club until the end of", "id": "1332551" }, { "contents": "William McLachlan (footballer)\n\n\nWilliam McLachlan (born 19 March 1989) is a Scottish footballer currently playing for Irvine Meadow in the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region. He has previously played in the Scottish Football League First Division for Airdrie United and for Australian club Melbourne Knights in the Victorian Premier League. McLachlan began his career with Rangers and appeared for the Scotland U-16 team in a Victory Shield match against Northern Ireland in October 2004. In December 2008, he joined Airdrie United on loan. He made his debut against St Johnstone on 20 December.", "id": "18351658" }, { "contents": "Bruno Andrade (footballer, born 1993)\n\n\njoined Lincoln City for the 2018-19 League Two season for a free transfer on the 24th May 2018. Born in Portugal, Andrade joined the Queens Park Rangers academy at the age of 13. He made his debut for Queens Park Rangers against Preston North End on 20 November 2010. He then made his second appearance for the club against Blackburn Rovers in the FA Cup. He replaced Jamie Mackie who had broken his leg. He made a further two first-team appearances at the beginning of the 2011–12 season, including", "id": "14654306" }, { "contents": "John Walker (footballer, born 1873)\n\n\nscored the winning goal against West Bromwich Albion on the final day of the season to secure the title. Walker played another 18 times for Liverpool in 1901–02 before returning to Scotland to join Rangers, who had just won a fourth successive domestic title but were also facing financial troubles due to the reconstruction work required on their stadium after the recent 1902 Ibrox disaster. He scored at a rate of nearly a goal every two league games over his three seasons with the Glasgow club, and appeared in two further Scottish Cup finals. In", "id": "15474189" }, { "contents": "Charles Dennington\n\n\nCharles Dennington (born 7 October 1899, died 1943) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Beccles, Dennington played for Norwich City, Bradford City and Kirkley. He joined Norwich from his home town club, Beccles Town, and made his debut in a 1-1 draw against Queens Park Rangers in the Third Division (South) in August 1922, establishing himself as the Canaries' first choice ahead of William O'Hagen and Ernest Williamson. He missed just twenty League games over the next five", "id": "8086327" }, { "contents": "Davy McDougall\n\n\nside of 1899–00. He was also with Rangers without apparently making a first team appearance. In summer 1900 he joined Southern League Bristol City from Partick Thistle making his debut at outside left in a 0–2 defeat at Luton Town on 15 September 1900. He made 11 appearances scoring 2 goals playing on both right and left wings in season 1900–01 when Bristol City were runners up in the Southern League. He also played on both wings in 12 Western League games scoring 2 goals. He rejoined Rangers in the summer of 1901 making 4", "id": "20661422" }, { "contents": "Gordon Smith (footballer, born December 1954)\n\n\n. He was sold to Rangers in 1977 for £65,000. In his first season with Rangers, Smith won the domestic treble, scoring 27 goals from midfield. He also scored the winning goal in the 1978 Scottish League Cup Final, against Celtic. He was sold to Brighton & Hove Albion in 1980 for a record transfer fee of £440,000. He returned to Rangers on loan in December 1982, playing in the 1982 League Cup Final defeat by Celtic. Smith made three appearances during his loan spell, without scoring.", "id": "8508165" }, { "contents": "George Stewart (footballer, born 1932)\n\n\nGeorge Stewart (16 November 1932 – 22 May 1998) was a Scottish footballer, who played as a goalkeeper for Petershill Juniors, Raith Rovers, Stirling Albion, Montrose and Bradford City. Born in Larkhall in 1932, Stewart started his career with junior side Petershill. He was capped by the Scotland junior select team while with the club. He joined the senior game when he signed for Raith Rovers in 1952. He made 68 appearances in the Scottish Football League for three clubs in seven seasons, before moving to England to", "id": "22044872" }, { "contents": "Tommy Anderson (footballer)\n\n\nfor a fee of £1,000, but in November the same year he moved to Queen's Park Rangers. He had only played five league games for Bournemouth, scoring once. He went on to score 3 times in 10 league games for Rangers in the 1958–59 season. He moved again in July 1959, signing for Torquay United. He made his debut on 22 August 1959, the first day of the 1959–60 season, in a 2–1 home win against Doncaster Rovers. In his season with Torquay he played in nine league", "id": "2845776" }, { "contents": "Richard Edghill\n\n\nof Sun Jihai served to further limit Richard's opportunities at the club and he was released at the end of the 2001–02 promotion winning campaign, having made a total of 207 appearances for the club in nine years. Following his release Edghill had short unsuccessful spells with Wigan Athletic and Sheffield United before joining Queens Park Rangers in August 2003. In the 2005 close season Edghill joined Bradford City on a free transfer. At Bradford he scored twice; against Tranmere Rovers in the league and Barnsley in the FA Cup. He was one", "id": "9473165" }, { "contents": "John Blackwood (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\n, who then sold him to Football League Second Division club Woolwich Arsenal. After joining Woolwich Arsenal in May 1900, Blackwood scored on his debut, in a 2–1 win over Gainsborough Trinity on the opening day of the 1900–01 season. This was to be his only season with the club; he scored six goals in 17 league appearances. He also scored during his one appearance in the FA Cup, against Darwen on 5 January 1901. He left for Reading in May 1901. In November 1902, Blackwood joined Queens Park Rangers", "id": "4952881" }, { "contents": "David Amoo\n\n\nRobinson's first-team however, and made just two further substitute appeareances at Stadium MK before returning to Anfield on 23 February. On 28 February, he joined Championship side Hull City on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. He made his \"Tigers\" debut coming on as a replacement for Jay Simpson in a 1–0 win at Nottingham Forest on 5 March. He scored his first goal in senior football in a 1–1 draw at Queens Park Rangers on 25 April. Unable to break into Nigel Pearson's first-", "id": "5142268" }, { "contents": "Chris Brandon\n\n\nin Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, on 7 April 1976. He attended Yorkshire Martyrs Collegiate School in Bradford and supported the city's Football League team Bradford City. Brandon started his football career as a trainee for Bradford City, but he was dropped by their academy and joined non-league side Bradford Park Avenue. He later played for Farsley Celtic before joining Stafford Rangers. He played 32 times for Rangers over two seasons before returning to play for Bradford Park Avenue. In his two spells with Park Avenue, Brandon played", "id": "14931377" }, { "contents": "Sam Charnley\n\n\nSamuel \"Sam\" Charnley (18 November 1902 – 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for Wolverhampton Wanderers in the Football League. Born in Craigneuk, a suburb of Wishaw, North Lanarkshire, Charnley played for Burnbank Athletic before joining Wolverhampton Wanderers of the Football League Second Division in January 1925. He made his debut on 12 September 1925 in a 4–1 win against Portsmouth. After making 55 appearances in total, scoring once, he joined Midland League team York City in August 1928. He captained York in the 1928–29 season", "id": "10736957" }, { "contents": "Sébastien Faure (footballer)\n\n\n. Faure joined Rangers on a three-year deal pending international clearance on 21 August 2012. After the move, Faure says he joined Rangers because Manager Ally McCoist persuaded him to join. He made his debut against First Division side Falkirk in the Scottish League Cup on 30 August 2012. It was on 23 February 2013, when Faure scored his first ever senior goal. This came whilst playing Third Division Berwick Rangers and it contributed to a 3–1 win away from home. Faure had his first run out of the season in", "id": "5596733" }, { "contents": "Dave MacFarlane\n\n\nDave MacFarlane (16 January 1967 – 30 October 2013) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Kilmarnock. MacFarlane began his career with Ayr United Boys Club before joining Rangers. Whilst at Ibrox he made seven league appearances and picked up a winner's medal in October 1986 when he came on as a second-half substitute in Rangers 2-1 win over Celtic in the Scottish League Cup Final. MacFarlane also had loan spells with Kilmarnock and Dundee, before joining the former on a permanent", "id": "7049582" }, { "contents": "Rocco Quinn\n\n\nAugust 2009. His league debut was the 1–1 home draw a week later against Raith Rovers. He scored league goals that season in games against Ayr United, Partick Thistle and a double against Greenock Morton. The Palmerston Park side ended the season in fifth place. He also played on 23 September 2009 in the 2–1 home League Cup defeat against Rangers. In total Quinn made 35 competitive first team appearances in his first season. The QoS website confirmed on 18 June 2011 that Quinn had left and signed for Ross County. In", "id": "16760979" }, { "contents": "Tommy Kelso\n\n\nTommy Kelso (6 May 1882-29 January 1974) was a Scottish footballer who played as a full back for Manchester City between 1906 and 1911. Kelso started his career at Third Lanark before signing for Manchester City in 1906. He made his debut for Manchester City in September 1906 in a 4-1 defeat against Arsenal. He made 139 league appearances for Manchester City and scored 3 goals. He subsequently returned to Scotland and played for Dundee, Rangers and Dumbarton. He won one Scotland cap in 1914 in a 0", "id": "5742448" }, { "contents": "Luke Freeman\n\n\nLeague Trophy and League One titles during his first season with the team. He spent two-and-a-half years at Bristol City before joining Queens Park Rangers in January 2017. Freeman began his career at Charlton Athletic, joining the club's academy in 2001 after being scouted playing Sunday league youth football. He spent two years at Charlton before being released \"for being too small\". Following his release from Charlton, Freeman joined Gillingham at the age of 11. He made his first-team debut for Gillingham", "id": "8315727" }, { "contents": "David Provan (footballer, born 1941)\n\n\nDavid Provan (11 March 1941 – 26 November 2016) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for Rangers, Crystal Palace, Plymouth Argyle and St Mirren. Provan also played for Scotland and the Scottish League XI. Provan was a product of the Rangers youth team and played as a full back. He made his debut on 27 December 1958, in a league match away to Third Lanark which Rangers won 3-2. He helped the club win a domestic treble in 1963–4 and played in the 1967 European Cup Winners", "id": "926204" }, { "contents": "Neil Danns\n\n\ndeal. He had rejected an offer from Scottish Premier League club Rangers. Danns made his Leicester City debut, where he started the whole game, in a 1–0 win over Coventry City in the opening game of the season. He scored his first goal for Leicester City on 23 August 2011 in a 4–2 away win against Bury in the League Cup. Danns soon became a first team regular for the side at the start of the season, finding himself rotated. He scored his first league goal for the club against Blackpool in", "id": "141524" }, { "contents": "Billy Blunt\n\n\nWilliam Blunt (5 August 1886 – 1962) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Wolverhampton Wanderers and Bristol Rovers. Blunt joined Second Division Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1908 from nearby non-league side Stafford Rangers. He made his Football League debut on 28 November 1908 in a 1–2 defeat at Oldham Athletic. He scored two in his second appearance (against Clapton Orient) and ended the season with 8 goals. The 1909–10 campaign saw him score 27 goals, making him the club's top goalscorer for the season", "id": "5433307" }, { "contents": "Gordon Ashcroft\n\n\nGordon Aschroft (7 September 1902 – after 1930) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Lea, Lancashire, he played for Coppull Central before joining Football League First Division side Burnley in November 1925. He made his debut for the club on 7 December 1925 in the 3–1 win against Birmingham at Turf Moor. Ashcroft failed to make another first-team appearance for Burnley and was released at the end of the 1926–27 season. In August 1927 he signed for Burscough Rangers, and then played for", "id": "5652868" }, { "contents": "Raul Correia\n\n\ngoal for Guiseley on 16 September in a 1–1 draw away to Wrexham after guiding Will Hatfield's deflected shot from distance past goalkeeper Luke Coddington. Correia made his final appearance in a 4–0 defeat away to Tranmere Rovers on 30 December, and returned to his parent club two days later. On 11 January 2018, Correia joined National League North club York City on loan for the remainder of the season. Two days later, he made his debut by starting in a 2–1 home win against Bradford Park Avenue. He scored his first", "id": "12088537" }, { "contents": "Bobby Main\n\n\nRobert Frame Main (10 February 1909 – 30 March 1985) was a Scottish professional football player, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Main began his career at local team Baillieston Juniors and joined Rangers in 1929, initially as understudy to Sandy Archibald. He was in and out of the side for four years before becoming a regular in 1933. During his spell at the club he won two Scottish league championships, two Scottish Cups, three Glasgow Cups and two Charity Cups. He made 158 appearances for Rangers", "id": "12825737" }, { "contents": "Ian McColl\n\n\nfinal appearance for Rangers was in the 1960 Scottish Cup Final, a 2–0 win against Kilmarnock. He made a total of 526 appearances for the Glasgow club. He also won 14 caps for Scotland and represented the Scottish League XI. After his playing career, he quickly went into management. He was appointed manager of Scotland in 1960 and enjoyed a winning start, beating Northern Ireland 5–2 at Hampden Park. Under McColl's managership, Scotland won British Home Championships in 1962 and 1963. The team beat England 2–0 at Hampden and", "id": "14525157" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Sharp\n\n\nyear later, in 1905 he was snapped up by Woolwich Arsenal of the First Division and promptly became a regular in the side after making his debut against Liverpool on 2 September 1905. He missed only three league games in his first season and reached the FA Cup semi-finals twice in his first two seasons. At Arsenal Sharp also won another three Scotland caps, before Rangers prised him away in April 1908 for £400. In total he played 116 games for Arsenal, scoring 5 goals. His spell at Rangers only", "id": "17959164" }, { "contents": "Craig Beattie\n\n\nplayed a competitive game in two months he missed the game against Dundee United on 25 February as was not match fit. After scoring twice in a bounce game, he made his debut as a substitute on 3 March against Rangers in a 2–1 win at Ibrox. He scored his first goal for Hearts in a 2–2 draw with St Mirren in the Scottish Cup 6th round at Tynecaste on 10 March. He had a second goal in the same match wrongfully ruled out for offside. In just his second league appearance for the club", "id": "12813032" }, { "contents": "Vladimír Weiss (footballer, born 1989)\n\n\nsubstitute. On 19 August 2010, Weiss joined Scottish side Rangers on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. Prior to signing for Rangers, Weiss rejected a move to their city rivals Celtic. He made his Rangers debut against Hibernian at Easter Road on 22 August coming on as a substitute for James Beattie, setting up the second goal with Rangers going on to win 3–0. He scored his first goal for Rangers in a 4–1 home win against Motherwell and five days later made his Champions League debut against Valencia, providing", "id": "535578" }, { "contents": "Ralph Brand\n\n\nplayed his last match for Rangers on 23 April 1965 when he scored the only goal in a 1–0 win over Third Lanark in the final League game of the season. Brand was sold to Manchester City in August that year for £30,000. Two years later he moved to Sunderland before returning to Scottish football at Raith Rovers (managed by his friend Jimmy Millar). He retired in 1970, although he would come out of retirement to play a handful of matches for Hamilton Academical in 1971–72. Brand played for Scotland eight times", "id": "16219219" } ]

[ { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nTommy Cairns (30 October 1890 – 30 November 1967) was a Scottish footballer who played for Bristol City, Peebles Rovers, St Johnstone, Rangers, Bradford City and Scotland. Born in Merryton, Lanarkshire, Cairns made his name in Junior football, helping Burnbank Athletic to the Scottish Junior Cup in 1911. He also appeared for Larkhall Thistle before earning an opportunity in the senior leagues. His first professional club was Bristol City where he played for two seasons from 1911. He joined Peebles Rovers in 1913 and had a short", "id": "21330844" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nan ever-present and scored 11 goals. Cairns enjoyed further League title successes in 1919–20, 1920–21, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1924–25 and 1926–27 before joining Bradford City in 1927. His final Rangers appearance was in a 2–1 win over Queen's Park on 1 March 1927. In his time with Bradford he made 135 appearances and won a Division Three North medal in 1929. He retired from football in 1932 and later worked as a scout for Arsenal. Cairns was also capped at international level, making eight Scotland appearances. He", "id": "21330846" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nspell with St Johnstone before joining Rangers in November 1913. He made his debut against Hamilton Academical on 27 December 1913 and played a total of nine games in his first season as Rangers finished second to rivals Celtic in Division One. Cairns was a regular in the Rangers team the following season, missing just one league game. He continued to be a regular in the team for the next two seasons but it was in season 1917–18 that he won his first League title (Rangers' first for five years). Cairns was", "id": "21330845" }, { "contents": "Kevin Cairns (footballer)\n\n\nin September 1960, making his debut that month in a Scottish Football League match against St Johnstone. After being a first team regular in his first season, Cairns made only one appearance in 1961–62 and was given a free transfer by Dundee United in May 1962. He signed for Southport in August 1962, going on to make 206 appearances in the Football League over the next six years. He then played non-league football for Wigan Athletic, where he played four games in the Cheshire League, and made a further five", "id": "20271756" }, { "contents": "Sandy Archibald\n\n\nRangers won the League title for the first time in 5 seasons. Archibald went on to win thirteen league titles in his seventeen seasons with the Glasgow club. He also won three Scottish Cup medals, the first of which was Rangers' first in 25 years and Archibald scored twice in the final as Rangers defeated Celtic 4–0 at Hampden. His final appearance for Rangers was in a 1–1 draw away to Queen's Park on 30 April 1934. He made 580 appearances for Rangers. Archibald won a total of 8 caps for Scotland", "id": "9747370" }, { "contents": "Arthur Dixon (footballer, born 1892)\n\n\nfirst goal for the club on 8 March 1919 in a 3–0 league win against Hamilton Academical. He enjoyed a benefit match at Ibrox Park on 10 September 1923. A crowd of 10,000 watched Rangers draw 1–1 with Liverpool. The Rangers side was: Hamilton (goalkeeper), Manderson, Meiklejohn, Dixon, McCandless, Archibald, Muirhead, Morton, Hansen, Cairns. The goalscorer for Rangers was Hansen. In total he made 361 appearances (326 league and 35 Scottish Cup) for the club. He scored eight goals (", "id": "11923821" }, { "contents": "Bert Manderson\n\n\nBert Manderson (9 May 1893 – 27 April 1946) was an Irish footballer, who played for Rangers and Ireland. Manderson, a right-back, made his Rangers debut in a 1-1 draw with Aberdeen on 27 March 1915. He had joined Rangers from Glenavon for £150. He previously had spells at Cliftonville and Belfast Celtic. He went on to make 370 league appearances (452 in total) in 12 seasons with the club, winning seven Scottish league titles. Manderson left Rangers to join Bradford Park", "id": "21502381" }, { "contents": "Archie Devine\n\n\nScotland, but he never played for the national side again. He also made one appearance for the Scottish League XI in that season, in a 3–2 win against the English Football League XI. In April 1910 he moved south of the border to Bradford City, and was part of the side that won the 1911 FA Cup Final against Newcastle United. He stayed at Bradford for nearly three years before joining Woolwich Arsenal. He made his debut for Arsenal against Chelsea on 15 February 1913, and was part of the team that", "id": "20302147" }, { "contents": "James Stewart (footballer, born 1883)\n\n\nhe played in the losing side in the final against Bradford City. He made his third, and final, England appearance against Scotland on 1 April 1911 and again scored in a 1–1 draw. All three of his international appearances thus ended 1–1. He continued to be a regular member of the Newcastle side until he was sold to Rangers in 1913 for £600. In his Newcastle career he made a total of 138 appearances with 53 goals. In May 1914 he returned to his native north-east, and non-", "id": "11906121" }, { "contents": "George Waddell\n\n\nGeorge Barr Waddell (29 November 1888 – 17 September 1966) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Scottish Football League for Rangers and in the Football League in England for Bradford City, Preston North End, Oldham Athletic, Birmingham and New Brighton. He played as a wing half. Waddell was born in Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire. He began his football career in junior football before joining Rangers in 1909. He made his debut in Division One on 26 April 1909 in a 3–2 defeat to Queen's Park. Over the", "id": "656965" }, { "contents": "Andrew Shinnie\n\n\ninternational debut for Scotland in November 2012, in a 2–1 win over Luxembourg. Shinnie made his first team debut for Rangers on 17 March 2007, coming on as a substitute for Dado Pršo in a Scottish Premier League match against Aberdeen. On the same day, he scored two goals for Rangers' under-19 team against St Mirren under-19s. In April, he scored the first goal in the 5–0 win over rivals Celtic as Rangers won the 2007 Scottish Youth Cup Final. He went on to sign a new three-year professional", "id": "14751617" }, { "contents": "Bobby McKean\n\n\nRobert Munro McKean (8 December 1952 – 15 March 1978) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for St Mirren and Rangers. He appeared in one full international match for Scotland, in 1976. McKean started his career at local club Blantyre Victoria before moving to St Mirren in 1969. After five seasons in Paisley he joined Rangers for £50,000 in September 1974. He enjoyed a successful spell in Govan and won the league twice in his first two seasons. He was also part of the 1976 Scottish Cup Final winning", "id": "303577" }, { "contents": "Andy Cunningham (footballer)\n\n\n1918–19. In total, he made 389 appearances and scored 182 goals for Rangers. He won 7 League titles and played in Rangers' famous 1928 Scottish Cup final triumph where they defeated Celtic 4–0 to win their first Scottish Cup in 25 years. Cunningham was also capped at international level, playing 12 times for Scotland and scoring 5 goals. He lost just one of his 12 games for Scotland. Cunningham also represented the Scottish League XI 10 times. Cunningham moved to Newcastle United in 1928, becoming the then oldest player to", "id": "19975016" }, { "contents": "Archie Mitchell (footballer)\n\n\nthe team win the Birmingham & District League title in the 1905–06 and 1906–07 seasons. Mitchell departed Villa in 1907. On 2 May 1907, Mitchell joined Southern League First Division club Queens Park Rangers. He had a good start to his career with the Hoops, winning the 1907–08 First Division title in his debut season. A further First Division title was won in 1911–12, with the Charity Shield being lost 2–1 to Football League First Division champions Blackburn Rovers. He remained with Queens Park Rangers through to 1921 and finally made his", "id": "9272843" }, { "contents": "James Bowie (footballer)\n\n\nJames Bowie (9 July 1888 – 7 August 1972) was a Scottish football player and football administrator, who played for and was chairman of Rangers. He began his career at Maryhill Juniors and joined Rangers in December 1910 from Queen's Park. He made his debut against Falkirk on 10 December 1910. During his time at the club he won six League championships and played in a total of 351 competitive games, scoring 70 goals. Bowie won two Scotland caps in 1920, and also played in three wartime internationals in 1919", "id": "4895542" }, { "contents": "James Vaughan (footballer, born 1988)\n\n\n. He made his second debut for the club in the 1–0 defeat by Nottingham Forest on 3 August. After scoring two goals in the League Cup win over Bradford City on 6 August, he scored his first league goal on his return in the 1–1 draw with Queens Park Rangers on 10 August. On 24 August, he scored a hat-trick in a 5–1 win against A.F.C. Bournemouth. Vaughan joined fellow Championship club Birmingham City on 26 November 2015, on loan until 2 January 2016. He made his debut as a", "id": "14499593" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Smith (footballer, born 1911)\n\n\ncontinued their dominance of Scottish football. Smith also collected his first Scottish Cup medal, scoring in a 5-0 defeat of St Mirren in the final at Hampden. Success for Smith and Rangers continued. The League title was again won in 1934–35 with Smith scoring 43 goals in 38 matches, including 6 in a 7-1 defeat of Dunfermline Athletic. He also collected his second Scottish Cup medal, scoring twice in the 2-1 against Hamilton Academical in the final. Rangers went on to win two of the next", "id": "14794886" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\na 4–2 win over Motherwell at the start of the 1946–47 season. He made a total of 13 league appearances in his first season, including a 4–1 win over Hamilton Academical in the last match, as Rangers beat Hibernian to clinch the League title. In the following season, 1947–48, Cox was an ever present as Rangers finished second to Hibs in the league, and won the Scottish Cup after a 1–0 win over Greenock Morton. Cox also netted his first Rangers goal during the season, scoring in a 2–1 win over", "id": "14907540" }, { "contents": "Andrew Little (footballer)\n\n\nas making one appearance for the \"B\" team, he won his first senior cap in March 2009, and appeared nine times in total. A former Ballinamallard United player, he moved from Northern Ireland to Scotland in 2006 to join the Rangers Academy. He scored for the \"Gers\" in the club's Scottish Youth Cup final victory over Old Firm rival's Celtic at Hampden Park in 2008. That season he also helped the club to top the SPFL Development League. He made his senior debut as a substitute for", "id": "5532587" }, { "contents": "Jim Eadie\n\n\nJames Eadie (born 4 February 1947) is a Scottish former professional footballer. During his career, he made over 200 appearances in the Football League in spells with Cardiff City, Chester and Bristol Rovers. Eadie began his career at Rangers but never made a first team appearance for the club, moving to Dumbarton where he played a handful of matches before joining Kirkintilloch Rob Roy. It wasn't until he moved south to play in The Football League that he began to play regular football. He signed for Cardiff City in 1969", "id": "15683889" }, { "contents": "Andrew McAtee\n\n\nconscripted in 1917 and served in Italy. On returning to Scotland McAtee resumed his successful football career with Celtic, participating in two further league title-winning seasons for a total of six. He also featured in a further Scottish Cup victory in 1923, twelve years after his first in 1911, and won four Glasgow Cups, scoring the winning goal against Clyde in the 1920-21 final. He made one appearance for Scotland in 1913 versus Wales but was selected more frequently for the Scottish League XI, playing in seven games", "id": "872940" }, { "contents": "Bobby Russell (footballer, born 1957)\n\n\nRobert Russell (born 11 February 1957 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Russell joined Rangers from Shettleston Juniors in 1977 and made his first team debut against Aberdeen on 13 August that year, aged only 20. The game ended in a 3–1 defeat, however Rangers went on to win the treble that season and Russell cemented his place on the right side of the midfield. He made 370 appearances for the club and won a league championship, two Scottish Cups", "id": "82295" }, { "contents": "Aaron Ramsey\n\n\nMifsud. On 26 April, he scored his first league goal in a 3–3 draw against Burnley. He went on to make his first career league start three weeks later in a 3–1 win over Queens Park Rangers and began to establish himself in the first team, making several more starts in the Cardiff side. He made a total of 22 appearances during the season, his first full season of professional football, and played in five of the club's six FA Cup matches, including the final, becoming the second youngest player", "id": "12732777" }, { "contents": "Daniel Bruce (footballer)\n\n\nCup Final against Queen's Park. The final as scheduled finished as a 1–1 draw; in the replay, Bruce opened the scoring for Vale of Leven but Queen's came back to win 2–1. Soon afterwards, and while still a teenager, Bruce was capped for Scotland. His first and what turned out to be only international appearance came on 22 March 1890 against Wales in the British Home Championship; Scotland won 5–0. He moved to Rangers in 1891 and played four games in the Scottish Football League at the start of", "id": "4264595" }, { "contents": "Joe Hutton (footballer)\n\n\nJoseph \"Joe\" Hutton (18 November 1927 – April 1999) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Gillingham, Millwall, Reading and Stoke City. Hutton was born in Dundee and began his career in England with Reading. He only made eight appearances for the \"Royals\" before going back to Scotland to play for Ayr United. He and Ayr team-mate Bobby Cairns joined Stoke City in 1953. Hutton made an instant impact at the Victoria Ground scoring in his first three matches for the club", "id": "8572530" }, { "contents": "Alex Venters\n\n\nAlexander Venters (9 June 1913 – 30 April 1959) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Cowdenbeath, Rangers and Scotland. Alex Venters, an inside forward, joined Rangers in November 1933 after his first club Cowdenbeath. He spent a total of 13 years at Ibrox Park, winning three Scottish league titles (1935, 1937 and 1939), two Scottish Cups (1935, 1936) and scoring 102 goals in 201 appearances. 18 of these 102 goals came against Celtic in various competitions. In the last season before", "id": "9812289" }, { "contents": "Matt Fry\n\n\nreturned to West Ham having made 32 appearances, scoring one goal, for Charlton. Fry had his contract cancelled by mutual consent with West Ham on 2 February 2012 allowing him to seek first-team football on a regular basis. On 10 February 2012, Fry joined League Two club Bradford City on a free transfer. He made his debut in a 1–1 draw at home to Port Vale on 14 February 2012, in which he played 79 minutes before being substituted. After leaving Bradford, Fry played for Concord Rangers, helping", "id": "20258156" }, { "contents": "Alex Bennett (footballer)\n\n\nand also worked as a sports journalist. He died in Glasgow in 1940. Bennett was capped eleven times for Scotland, gaining three caps while at Celtic and the remaining eight while at Rangers. He made his Scotland debut against Wales in March 1904 and scored his first international goal, again against Wales, four years later. He scored his second international goal in his final Scotland appearance, against Ireland in March 1913. He also appeared ten times in representative matches for the Scottish Football League. At the age of 39 he", "id": "7795002" }, { "contents": "Robert Campbell (footballer, born 1882)\n\n\nRobert Campbell (1882 – 13 March 1931) was a Scottish footballer who played for Partick Thistle, Rangers, Millwall Athletic and Bradford City. He was a full back who won the 1911 FA Cup with Bradford. Born in Lugar in 1882, Campbell started his football career with Partick Thistle, with whom he won a Scottish League representative honour, before moving to Rangers in 1903. He played for Rangers until 1905, making nine appearances and scoring once before he moved to England and Millwall Athletic in the Southern League. He", "id": "15446261" }, { "contents": "Matthew Dickie\n\n\nMatthew Dickie (19 August 1873 – 30 December 1959) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Rangers. Dickie made his Rangers debut against St Mirren in a 5-1 home win at Ibrox on 15 August 1896. He played 126 league matches from a possible 132 in an amazing spell during his time at the club. He went on to make 175 first class appearances in total. Dickie won four League championships, 3 Scottish Cups, 5 Glasgow Cups and represented Scotland three times.", "id": "4766083" }, { "contents": "Michael O'Halloran (footballer)\n\n\nwin over Forfar Athletic. He scored again in Saints' final home game of the season, to conclude a 3–3 draw with former club Celtic. O'Halloran won the Scottish Premiership player of the month award for November 2015. St Johnstone rejected two bids from Rangers for O'Halloran in January 2016. Manager Tommy Wright then left O'Halloran out of their following league game, saying that O'Halloran was not \"mentally ready\" to play. O'Halloran made his final appearance for the club in a 2–1 defeat to Hibernian in the Scottish League Cup semi", "id": "9744181" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Millar (footballer, born 1870)\n\n\ntwo different spells: 1890–96 (winning three Football League championships in four seasons) and 1900–04 (claiming a fourth title), separated by a stint in his homeland at Rangers where he won two Scottish Football League titles and two Scottish Cups. Overall he made 260 appearances for Sunderland, scoring 123 goals. At the time of his death he was the trainer for Chelsea. Millar was capped for Scotland three times between 1897 and 1898 during his time with Rangers, scoring twice, both in matches against England; his first was", "id": "14464136" }, { "contents": "Joe Hendry\n\n\nJoe Hendry was a Scottish football player. Hendry played for Rangers, Greenock Morton and St Johnstone amongst other clubs during his career. Hendry began playing football with Maryhill FC. He joined Greenock Morton in 1907 and stayed there for two years before signing for Rangers. Hendry made his debut in a 1–0 win at home on 23 April 1910 against Clyde and during his eight-year spell with the club Hendry made 147 appearances and scored 7 goals. After leaving Rangers he had spells with Dumbarton, Third Lanark, St Johnstone and", "id": "17804993" }, { "contents": "Gordon Rae\n\n\nGordon Rae (born 3 May 1958) is a retired Scottish footballer, who played mainly as a defender for Hibernian, Partick Thistle, Hamilton Academical and Meadowbank Thistle. He also played sometimes as a centre forward, scoring over 50 goals in the Scottish Football League in his career. Rae signed for Hibernian as a 17-year-old from Whitehill Welfare in 1975. He made his first team debut two years later, and scored in a 2–0 win against Rangers at Ibrox in his second appearance. He became club captain, appeared", "id": "6510043" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Johnstone\n\n\narrival at Celtic, Stein had doubts about Johnstone, considering him too much of an individual player, to the overall detriment of the team, and he left him out of the team for the 1965 Scottish Cup Final. Johnstone soon won Stein round with his skill, and won his first winner's medal on 23 October 1965 when he played in Celtic's 2–1 win over Rangers in the Scottish League Cup Final. His 32 league appearances and nine goals that season helped Celtic win their first league title in 12 years. Johnstone", "id": "811424" }, { "contents": "Eddie Rutherford\n\n\nEdward 'Eddie' Rutherford (8 February 1921 – 29 August 2007) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers, Hearts and Scotland. Born in Govan, Scotland, Rutherford joined Rangers from Mossvale in 1941 but during the Second World War he was posted to England so he guested for Lincoln City and Bradford City. He played three games for Bradford in 1944–45 in the Football League War Cup North section. After he had completed his service, Rutherford returned to Rangers and made his first appearance for the club on 19 October", "id": "14506034" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\n1954 Cox played his last match for Scotland, as he captained the team at Hampden in a 4–2 defeat by England in front on 134,544 spectators. 1954–55 was Cox's last season at Rangers as he made only 15 first-team appearances. He made his final Rangers appearance in a 2–1 defeat to Aberdeen on 19 February 1955. Cox made a total of 370 appearances for Rangers, won 25 caps for Scotland and 13 caps for the Scottish League XI. After his Rangers career, Cox had a spell with East Fife before", "id": "14907543" }, { "contents": "Gary Warren (footballer)\n\n\ngame of the season, Warren made his debut in a 2–2 draw against St Mirren. Two-months later on 22 December 2012, he scored his first goal for Inverness in a 4–1 win over Dundee. In the quarter-final of the Scottish League Cup, he scored his second goal for Inverness in a 3–0 win over Rangers, helping the club to reach the semi-final. In the first part of the season, Warren and his teammates struggled as the club found themselves near the foot of the table,", "id": "16107731" }, { "contents": "Ronnie McKinnon\n\n\nRonald McKinnon (born 20 August 1940 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who played for Rangers and the Scotland national team. MacKinnon, a defender, made his Rangers debut against Hearts on 8 March 1961 in a 3–0 win at Ibrox. He went on to make 473 appearances for Rangers between 1961 and 1972, winning two League championships, four Scottish Cups, three League Cups and a Cup Winners' Cup. He also won a total of 28 caps for Scotland, making his debut in the famous 1", "id": "19851592" }, { "contents": "James Marshall (footballer, born 1908)\n\n\nDr James Marshall (3 January 1908 — 27 December 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for both Rangers and Arsenal as well as the Scotland national side. He played as an inside forward. Marshall was born in Avonbridge, Stirlingshire and joined Rangers from Shettleston in 1925. During his nine-year spell at Ibrox he amassed five League championships and three Scottish Cups. He also won three Scotland caps, all of them against England between 1932 and 1934. In total he scored 138 goals in 257 league appearances for Rangers", "id": "4895243" }, { "contents": "Thomas Murray (footballer)\n\n\nThomas Murray (7 April 1889 – 1976) was an English professional footballer who played as a inside right. Born in Middlesbrough, Murray spent his early career with Middlesbrough, Aberdeen, Rangers and Heart of Midlothian. At Hearts he scored 12 goals in 28 league games between August 1911 and April 1912. He joined Bradford City in June 1912. He made 6 league appearances for Bradford City, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in February 1914 to join Hull City. For Hull he made a further 2 league appearances", "id": "5167081" }, { "contents": "Ernie Thompson (footballer, born 1909)\n\n\n, scoring once in a 2–2 draw; his only other appearance came a week later in a 1–0 home win over Crewe Alexandra. At the end of the season, Thompson joined Second Division Bristol City, but never made a first-team appearance, instead spending his single season with the club playing in the reserves in both the Western Section of the Southern Football League and the Western Football League First Division. He left before the end of the 1929–30 season in February 1930 to join Bath City, playing for them in the", "id": "16156938" }, { "contents": "Alan Morton\n\n\n\"\" (insurance salesman). Morton had already been capped while an amateur before joining Rangers (making his debut for Scotland on 26 February 1920 against Wales) but would go on to play in every international against the \"Auld Enemy\", England, from 1920 to 1932 bar the fixture at Old Trafford in 1926, eventually winning 31 caps. In addition he made 15 appearances (scoring 1 goal) for the Scottish League XI (making his debut on 22 February 1919 against the Football League at St. Andrews, Birmingham", "id": "6451273" }, { "contents": "Dan Thomson\n\n\nDaniel Thomson (born 10 August 1891 in Dundee) was a Scottish professional footballer. Thomson began his career with Aberdeen before moving on to St Johnstone from where he joined Bristol City in the 1925-26 season. He spent the following season with Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic before joining Torquay United in 1927. He played in United's first match in the Football League, a 1-1 draw with local rivals Exeter City at Plainmoor on 27 August 1927. He played in the next eight games for Torquay before losing his place", "id": "2040384" }, { "contents": "Jack Smith (footballer, born 1895)\n\n\nwinning the Scottish Cup in 1920, including scoring the third goal for Kilmarnock in the final when they defeated his former team, Albion Rovers, 3–2. Following a disagreement with Kilmarnock, Smith joined Cowdenbeath, where during 1921–22, he netted 45 goals as they finished runners-up in Division Two. At the season's end he joined Rangers for £3,000, making his debut at Ibrox Park on 15 August 1922, scoring in a 2–0 victory over Alloa Athletic. He only made two further appearances for Rangers, scoring once", "id": "17284045" }, { "contents": "Peter Thomson (footballer)\n\n\nIn two seasons at Kenilworth Road he made 11 League appearances, scoring 3 goals. Scoring twice against Stoke City in a memorable 3-1 away win. He also played two League games whilst on loan at Rushden & Diamonds, scoring once on his debut. He had a brief spell with Morecambe, scoring against Dagenham & Redbridge on his home debut with an overhead kick. Thomson joined Southport in July 2002. He returned to Lancaster City in December 2003 and enjoyed further success with Stafford Rangers in the summer of 2005.", "id": "8805355" }, { "contents": "John McPherson (footballer, born 1868)\n\n\nMcPherson also won three Scottish Cup medals with Rangers, the first in 1894, where he scored in five of Rangers' six matches, including the 3–1 final win over Celtic at Hampden. McPherson also scored in the 1897 final, where Rangers defeated Dumbarton 5–1. His third Scottish Cup winners medal came a year later, 1898, where Rangers defeated McPherson's former club Kilmarnock 2–0. His final recorded appearance for Rangers was in a 2–0 friendly defeat to Glentoran on 2 April 1902. McPherson was also a Scottish International, winning", "id": "8242049" }, { "contents": "James Cairns (forward)\n\n\nJames Cairns (\"unknown\" – \"unknown\") was a footballer who played at inside right for several English clubs, including Lincoln City and Newton Heath in the late 1890s. Cairns began his football career with Stevenston Thistle in 1895, before moving to Glossop North End. In September 1897, he joined Football League side Lincoln City, but before he made an appearance for the club, he had moved on to Newton Heath in April 1898. It took Cairns six months to make his debut for the Heathens, eventually", "id": "22214514" }, { "contents": "Andy Neil\n\n\nAndrew Neil (18 November 1892 – 14 August 1941) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 328 Football League appearances playing as an inside forward or wing half for Brighton & Hove Albion (two spells), Arsenal and Queens Park Rangers. Neil was born in Crosshouse, near Kilmarnock in Ayrshire. He joined Kilmarnock of Division One from junior club Ardeer Thistle, and made his debut on 12 April 1913 away to Motherwell. He played regularly in his second season, and in 1914–15, his 20 goals placed him sixth in", "id": "2233011" }, { "contents": "Ernest Myers (footballer)\n\n\nErnest Myers, also known as Colin Myers, was an English professional footballer who played as an inside left. Born in Chapeltown, Sheffield, Myers spent his early career with Northfleet, Crystal Palace and Hickleton Main Colliery. He joined Bradford City in April 1914, and made 1 league appearance for the club, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in May 1920 to join Southend United, where he scored 2 goals in 23 league games. He later played for Aberdare Athletic, Northampton Town, Queens Park Rangers, Exeter", "id": "5167086" }, { "contents": "Billy Bennett (footballer, born 1955)\n\n\nthen over a year before Bennett made another senior appearance, when he again scored in a 3–0 Hearts win over Berwick Rangers in the final of the East of Scotland Shield. He made his league debut for Hearts on 16 November 1974 in the 1–3 defeat away at Arbroath. Bennett left Hearts in the summer of 1976 to sign for Third Division outfit Berwick Rangers. In two seasons with The Borderers, he played 69 league matches and scored 8 goals. At the start of the 1978–79 season, Bennett joined Forfar Athletic. He", "id": "17097673" }, { "contents": "Jerome Thomas\n\n\nhe scored a goal in the final over Blackburn Rovers. He was loaned out to Second Division side Queens Park Rangers in the 2001–02 and 2002–03 seasons. He made his debut in the Football League on 30 March 2002, in a 3–2 win over Tranmere Rovers at Prenton Park. He scored his first professional goal on 6 April, the only goal of the game against Swindon Town at the County Ground in a 1–0 win for QPR. During his second loan spell in October 2002, he scored long distance goals away at Cheltenham", "id": "9097657" }, { "contents": "Willie Reid (footballer)\n\n\nEngland with Portsmouth. Reid returned to Scotland in April 1909 when signed by Rangers, where he won three league titles in eleven seasons. He was the club's top scorer for six consecutive seasons, between 1910 and 1916. He received all his caps for Scottish national side while with Rangers. Reid made his Scotland debut in a 2–2 draw with Wales in 1911 and earned his last cap three years later, against England. Reid also represented the Scottish League XI. His football career was interrupted by the First World War,", "id": "15187335" }, { "contents": "Stephen McGinn\n\n\nRangers, where St Mirren won 1–0, the team's first home league win over Rangers in 22 years. McGinn started the 2009–10 season on bench in the Scottish League Cup game but then went on to score on his first start of the season in a 2–1 loss to Hibernian on 15 August 2009. He continued his season with a brace against Kilmarnock at Rugby Park, where The Buddies came from behind to win 2–1. McGinn signed for Watford in January 2010, for an undisclosed fee. He made his first Watford appearance", "id": "14258787" }, { "contents": "Anthony Ralston\n\n\nAnthony Ralston (born 16 November 1998) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Celtic. He also spent several months on loan at Queens Park in 2015 and at Dundee United in 2018. Ralston made his debut for the Celtic first team on 11 May 2016, in a 2–1 defeat against St Johnstone. He scored his first goal for Celtic in a 5–0 Scottish League Cup win over Kilmarnock on 8 August 2017. He made some further appearances early in the 2017–18 season, including a Champions League match against Paris Saint-", "id": "17673352" }, { "contents": "Sam Gallacher\n\n\nSamuel Gallacher (born 23 December 1904) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a centre half. Born in Annbank, Gallacher played for Larkfield Juniors and Cadzow St. Anne's in his native Scotland, before moving to England to join Bradford City in May 1924. For Bradford City he made 40 appearances in the Football League, scoring 2 goals. He left the club in August 1927 to join Crystal Palace. He later played for Lincoln City, making 13 appearances in the Football League as well as one FA Cup appearance", "id": "4883696" }, { "contents": "Julien Rodriguez\n\n\nJulien Rodriguez (born 11 June 1978 in Béziers, France) is a French former professional footballer who played as a defender. Rodriguez started his career at AS Monaco, making 135 appearances for the club and helping them to reach the 2004 Champions League final. He joined Scottish Premier League club Rangers in August 2005 for £1m. He scored his first goal for Rangers on 11 March 2006 in Rangers' 4–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Ibrox Stadium and made a total of 30 appearances in his debut season with the club.", "id": "11830556" }, { "contents": "Mark Williams (Scottish footballer)\n\n\n-year contract by his former St Mirren manager Danny Lennon. Nine days later he made his debut, playing the full 90 minutes as they won 1–0 at Highland League team Brora Rangers in the first round of the Scottish Challenge Cup. On 8 August he played his first league game, a 3–1 loss away to Queen of the South. In February 2016, he moved on loan to Arbroath in Scottish League Two; on 12 March he scored his first career goal to conclude a 3–0 win over East Stirlingshire at Gayfield Park", "id": "15479008" }, { "contents": "Jack Blackman (English footballer)\n\n\nJohn James Blackman (25 November 1912 – 1987) was an English retired professional footballer who played in the Football League for Crystal Palace and Queens Park Rangers as a forward. He also played non-league football for Guildford City. Blackman began his career at Queens Park Rangers and in October 1935, signed for Crystal Palace, then playing in the Football League Third Division South. He made a goal-scoring debut in November in a home 5–0 win against Millwall and went on to make 27 appearances that season scoring 19 times", "id": "13124108" }, { "contents": "Paul Bennett (footballer, born 1961)\n\n\nPaul Bennett (born 30 January 1961) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Port Vale. Bennett was an Everton youth team player before joining Port Vale in September 1978. He made his debut as a substitute in a 1–1 draw with Peterborough United at London Road on 1 November 1980, and three weeks later he scored his first goal in a 4–2 win over Bradford City. He went on to play 26 Fourth Division games in the 1980–81 season, and scored his first goal in the Football League", "id": "4265172" }, { "contents": "Nicol Smith\n\n\nNicol Smith (25 December 1873 – 6 January 1905) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers. Born in Darvel, Ayrshire, Smith played as a fullback for local sides Vale of Irvine, Royal Albert and Darvel, earning junior international selection, before joining Rangers in 1893. He made only two league appearances in his first season at the club, but by 1893–94, he had established himself in the Rangers team, missing just one of the 18 league fixtures. During that season he was also responsible for bringing Alex", "id": "20560230" }, { "contents": "Bill Paterson (footballer, born 1930)\n\n\nthe proceeds adding to the transfer deal. He had a relatively unsuccessful three years on Tyneside and so returned to Scotland to join Rangers for £3,500. His debut came on 13 August 1958 in a 2-1 home league win against Partick Thistle. That was the first of three appearances that he would make that entire season. Overall Paterson did go on to make 116 top team appearances for the club and won two Scottish league championships. He also claimed a Scottish Cup, a Scottish League Cup, a Charity Cup winners", "id": "14236809" }, { "contents": "David McClure (footballer)\n\n\nDavid McClure was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a right-back who had spells in Scotland, Ireland and England. He was born in Slamannan, Stirlingshire, but began his footballing career in Ireland with Glenavon. McClure then returned to Scotland to play Junior league football with Dunipace, before joining Scottish Football League club St Johnstone in 1924. In June 1927, he was signed by Football League Third Division North club Nelson and made his debut for the club on 24 September 1927 in the 2–1 win against Durham City.", "id": "19923020" }, { "contents": "Arthur Adey\n\n\nArthur Lewis Adey (1 March 1930 - January 1994) was a Scottish professional association football player of the 1950s. Born in Glasgow, he was a centre forward and began his professional career with Doncaster Rovers and later played for Gillingham and Bradford Park Avenue. He made 68 appearances in The Football League and scored 15 goals. He signed for Doncaster Rovers in September 1950, following his move from Bishop Auckland and made his professional debut in Division Two on 14 April 1951 against Queens Park Rangers. In 1954, after three more", "id": "17203075" }, { "contents": "Billy Hogg\n\n\nWilliam Hogg (29 May 1879 – 30 January 1937) was an English footballer who played at outside right, winning the Football League championship with Sunderland in 1901–02, before moving to Scotland where he won the Scottish League title three times with Rangers. He also made three appearances for England in 1902. Hogg was born in Sunderland and was playing local football with Willington Athletic when he was spotted by Sunderland where he became a professional in October 1899. He made his debut on 2 December 1899, scoring in a 5–0 victory over", "id": "13514822" }, { "contents": "John Ballantyne (footballer)\n\n\nJohn Ballantyne (30 June 1892 – after 1917) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 20 appearances in the Football League playing for Birmingham and played for Scottish Football League clubs Kilmarnock, Vale of Leven and Rangers. He played as an outside right. Ballantyne was born in Riccarton, Ayrshire. He played for Kilmarnock and Vale of Leven before coming to England to join Football League Second Division club Birmingham in April 1913. He made his debut on 26 April 1913, the last day of the 1912–13 season, in a 2–1", "id": "2299260" }, { "contents": "Liam Burt\n\n\nLiam Burt (born 1 February 1999) is a Scottish footballer who last played for Rangers, as a midfielder. He made his first team debut for Rangers in March 2016, and has also played on loan for Dumbarton and Alloa Athletic. Burt has represented Scotland at various youth levels up to under-21 level. Burt played youth football for Celtic before being released and subsequently joining the Rangers Academy. He made his professional debut for the club aged seventeen during a Scottish Championship match against Raith Rovers on 1 March 2016. A few", "id": "3837470" }, { "contents": "James Hamilton (footballer, born 1901)\n\n\nJames Hamilton (16 June 1901 – 1975) was a Scottish footballer who played for Vale of Clyde, St Mirren, Rangers, Blackpool, Barrow, Armadale and Scotland. He was a full-back. Bargeddie-born Hamilton made his debut for Harry Evans' Blackpool at home to Bristol City on 15 September 1928, six games into their 1928–29 Football League campaign. He made a further 24 League appearances that season as \"the Tangerines\" finished eighth in Division Two. He started the first three League games of the", "id": "1708146" }, { "contents": "John Campbell (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\nJohn William Campbell (2 October 1877 – 20 January 1919) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Linthouse, Partick Thistle, Blackburn Rovers, Rangers, West Ham United, Hibernian and the Scotland national team. He was born in Glasgow and gained the most success in his career with Rangers with whom he won four successive league titles (1898–99, 1899–00, 1900–01 and 1901–02) the first of which Rangers won all 18 of their Scottish league matches. He also represented Scotland at international level, winning four caps and scoring", "id": "13889025" }, { "contents": "Matt Hill (footballer)\n\n\nMatthew Clayton Hill (born 26 March 1981) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for Bradford Park Avenue. Born in Bristol, Hill started his career with Bristol City where he made over 200 appearances. He subsequently joined Preston North End where he also spent a successful spell, playing over 100 times for the Lancashire club. A move to Wolverhampton Wanderers followed but first team opportunities were more limited and he was loaned to Queens Park Rangers before leaving to join Barnsley. After only one season at the South Yorkshire club", "id": "15275700" }, { "contents": "Dennis O'Donnell\n\n\nDennis O'Donnell (q1 1880 – after 1908) was an English professional footballer who scored 41 goals from 167 appearances in the Football League playing as a forward for Lincoln City, Sunderland, Notts County and Bradford Park Avenue. He also played in the Southern League for Queens Park Rangers. O'Donnell was born in Willington Quay, then in Northumberland. He made his debut for Lincoln City on 5 October 1901 in a 2–1 win at home to Middlesbrough in the Football League Second Division, and played for the club until the end of", "id": "1332551" }, { "contents": "William McLachlan (footballer)\n\n\nWilliam McLachlan (born 19 March 1989) is a Scottish footballer currently playing for Irvine Meadow in the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region. He has previously played in the Scottish Football League First Division for Airdrie United and for Australian club Melbourne Knights in the Victorian Premier League. McLachlan began his career with Rangers and appeared for the Scotland U-16 team in a Victory Shield match against Northern Ireland in October 2004. In December 2008, he joined Airdrie United on loan. He made his debut against St Johnstone on 20 December.", "id": "18351658" }, { "contents": "Bruno Andrade (footballer, born 1993)\n\n\njoined Lincoln City for the 2018-19 League Two season for a free transfer on the 24th May 2018. Born in Portugal, Andrade joined the Queens Park Rangers academy at the age of 13. He made his debut for Queens Park Rangers against Preston North End on 20 November 2010. He then made his second appearance for the club against Blackburn Rovers in the FA Cup. He replaced Jamie Mackie who had broken his leg. He made a further two first-team appearances at the beginning of the 2011–12 season, including", "id": "14654306" }, { "contents": "John Walker (footballer, born 1873)\n\n\nscored the winning goal against West Bromwich Albion on the final day of the season to secure the title. Walker played another 18 times for Liverpool in 1901–02 before returning to Scotland to join Rangers, who had just won a fourth successive domestic title but were also facing financial troubles due to the reconstruction work required on their stadium after the recent 1902 Ibrox disaster. He scored at a rate of nearly a goal every two league games over his three seasons with the Glasgow club, and appeared in two further Scottish Cup finals. In", "id": "15474189" }, { "contents": "Charles Dennington\n\n\nCharles Dennington (born 7 October 1899, died 1943) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Beccles, Dennington played for Norwich City, Bradford City and Kirkley. He joined Norwich from his home town club, Beccles Town, and made his debut in a 1-1 draw against Queens Park Rangers in the Third Division (South) in August 1922, establishing himself as the Canaries' first choice ahead of William O'Hagen and Ernest Williamson. He missed just twenty League games over the next five", "id": "8086327" }, { "contents": "Davy McDougall\n\n\nside of 1899–00. He was also with Rangers without apparently making a first team appearance. In summer 1900 he joined Southern League Bristol City from Partick Thistle making his debut at outside left in a 0–2 defeat at Luton Town on 15 September 1900. He made 11 appearances scoring 2 goals playing on both right and left wings in season 1900–01 when Bristol City were runners up in the Southern League. He also played on both wings in 12 Western League games scoring 2 goals. He rejoined Rangers in the summer of 1901 making 4", "id": "20661422" }, { "contents": "Gordon Smith (footballer, born December 1954)\n\n\n. He was sold to Rangers in 1977 for £65,000. In his first season with Rangers, Smith won the domestic treble, scoring 27 goals from midfield. He also scored the winning goal in the 1978 Scottish League Cup Final, against Celtic. He was sold to Brighton & Hove Albion in 1980 for a record transfer fee of £440,000. He returned to Rangers on loan in December 1982, playing in the 1982 League Cup Final defeat by Celtic. Smith made three appearances during his loan spell, without scoring.", "id": "8508165" }, { "contents": "George Stewart (footballer, born 1932)\n\n\nGeorge Stewart (16 November 1932 – 22 May 1998) was a Scottish footballer, who played as a goalkeeper for Petershill Juniors, Raith Rovers, Stirling Albion, Montrose and Bradford City. Born in Larkhall in 1932, Stewart started his career with junior side Petershill. He was capped by the Scotland junior select team while with the club. He joined the senior game when he signed for Raith Rovers in 1952. He made 68 appearances in the Scottish Football League for three clubs in seven seasons, before moving to England to", "id": "22044872" }, { "contents": "Tommy Anderson (footballer)\n\n\nfor a fee of £1,000, but in November the same year he moved to Queen's Park Rangers. He had only played five league games for Bournemouth, scoring once. He went on to score 3 times in 10 league games for Rangers in the 1958–59 season. He moved again in July 1959, signing for Torquay United. He made his debut on 22 August 1959, the first day of the 1959–60 season, in a 2–1 home win against Doncaster Rovers. In his season with Torquay he played in nine league", "id": "2845776" }, { "contents": "Richard Edghill\n\n\nof Sun Jihai served to further limit Richard's opportunities at the club and he was released at the end of the 2001–02 promotion winning campaign, having made a total of 207 appearances for the club in nine years. Following his release Edghill had short unsuccessful spells with Wigan Athletic and Sheffield United before joining Queens Park Rangers in August 2003. In the 2005 close season Edghill joined Bradford City on a free transfer. At Bradford he scored twice; against Tranmere Rovers in the league and Barnsley in the FA Cup. He was one", "id": "9473165" }, { "contents": "John Blackwood (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\n, who then sold him to Football League Second Division club Woolwich Arsenal. After joining Woolwich Arsenal in May 1900, Blackwood scored on his debut, in a 2–1 win over Gainsborough Trinity on the opening day of the 1900–01 season. This was to be his only season with the club; he scored six goals in 17 league appearances. He also scored during his one appearance in the FA Cup, against Darwen on 5 January 1901. He left for Reading in May 1901. In November 1902, Blackwood joined Queens Park Rangers", "id": "4952881" }, { "contents": "David Amoo\n\n\nRobinson's first-team however, and made just two further substitute appeareances at Stadium MK before returning to Anfield on 23 February. On 28 February, he joined Championship side Hull City on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. He made his \"Tigers\" debut coming on as a replacement for Jay Simpson in a 1–0 win at Nottingham Forest on 5 March. He scored his first goal in senior football in a 1–1 draw at Queens Park Rangers on 25 April. Unable to break into Nigel Pearson's first-", "id": "5142268" }, { "contents": "Chris Brandon\n\n\nin Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, on 7 April 1976. He attended Yorkshire Martyrs Collegiate School in Bradford and supported the city's Football League team Bradford City. Brandon started his football career as a trainee for Bradford City, but he was dropped by their academy and joined non-league side Bradford Park Avenue. He later played for Farsley Celtic before joining Stafford Rangers. He played 32 times for Rangers over two seasons before returning to play for Bradford Park Avenue. In his two spells with Park Avenue, Brandon played", "id": "14931377" }, { "contents": "Sam Charnley\n\n\nSamuel \"Sam\" Charnley (18 November 1902 – 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for Wolverhampton Wanderers in the Football League. Born in Craigneuk, a suburb of Wishaw, North Lanarkshire, Charnley played for Burnbank Athletic before joining Wolverhampton Wanderers of the Football League Second Division in January 1925. He made his debut on 12 September 1925 in a 4–1 win against Portsmouth. After making 55 appearances in total, scoring once, he joined Midland League team York City in August 1928. He captained York in the 1928–29 season", "id": "10736957" }, { "contents": "Sébastien Faure (footballer)\n\n\n. Faure joined Rangers on a three-year deal pending international clearance on 21 August 2012. After the move, Faure says he joined Rangers because Manager Ally McCoist persuaded him to join. He made his debut against First Division side Falkirk in the Scottish League Cup on 30 August 2012. It was on 23 February 2013, when Faure scored his first ever senior goal. This came whilst playing Third Division Berwick Rangers and it contributed to a 3–1 win away from home. Faure had his first run out of the season in", "id": "5596733" }, { "contents": "Dave MacFarlane\n\n\nDave MacFarlane (16 January 1967 – 30 October 2013) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Kilmarnock. MacFarlane began his career with Ayr United Boys Club before joining Rangers. Whilst at Ibrox he made seven league appearances and picked up a winner's medal in October 1986 when he came on as a second-half substitute in Rangers 2-1 win over Celtic in the Scottish League Cup Final. MacFarlane also had loan spells with Kilmarnock and Dundee, before joining the former on a permanent", "id": "7049582" }, { "contents": "Rocco Quinn\n\n\nAugust 2009. His league debut was the 1–1 home draw a week later against Raith Rovers. He scored league goals that season in games against Ayr United, Partick Thistle and a double against Greenock Morton. The Palmerston Park side ended the season in fifth place. He also played on 23 September 2009 in the 2–1 home League Cup defeat against Rangers. In total Quinn made 35 competitive first team appearances in his first season. The QoS website confirmed on 18 June 2011 that Quinn had left and signed for Ross County. In", "id": "16760979" }, { "contents": "Tommy Kelso\n\n\nTommy Kelso (6 May 1882-29 January 1974) was a Scottish footballer who played as a full back for Manchester City between 1906 and 1911. Kelso started his career at Third Lanark before signing for Manchester City in 1906. He made his debut for Manchester City in September 1906 in a 4-1 defeat against Arsenal. He made 139 league appearances for Manchester City and scored 3 goals. He subsequently returned to Scotland and played for Dundee, Rangers and Dumbarton. He won one Scotland cap in 1914 in a 0", "id": "5742448" }, { "contents": "Luke Freeman\n\n\nLeague Trophy and League One titles during his first season with the team. He spent two-and-a-half years at Bristol City before joining Queens Park Rangers in January 2017. Freeman began his career at Charlton Athletic, joining the club's academy in 2001 after being scouted playing Sunday league youth football. He spent two years at Charlton before being released \"for being too small\". Following his release from Charlton, Freeman joined Gillingham at the age of 11. He made his first-team debut for Gillingham", "id": "8315727" }, { "contents": "David Provan (footballer, born 1941)\n\n\nDavid Provan (11 March 1941 – 26 November 2016) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for Rangers, Crystal Palace, Plymouth Argyle and St Mirren. Provan also played for Scotland and the Scottish League XI. Provan was a product of the Rangers youth team and played as a full back. He made his debut on 27 December 1958, in a league match away to Third Lanark which Rangers won 3-2. He helped the club win a domestic treble in 1963–4 and played in the 1967 European Cup Winners", "id": "926204" }, { "contents": "Neil Danns\n\n\ndeal. He had rejected an offer from Scottish Premier League club Rangers. Danns made his Leicester City debut, where he started the whole game, in a 1–0 win over Coventry City in the opening game of the season. He scored his first goal for Leicester City on 23 August 2011 in a 4–2 away win against Bury in the League Cup. Danns soon became a first team regular for the side at the start of the season, finding himself rotated. He scored his first league goal for the club against Blackpool in", "id": "141524" }, { "contents": "Billy Blunt\n\n\nWilliam Blunt (5 August 1886 – 1962) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Wolverhampton Wanderers and Bristol Rovers. Blunt joined Second Division Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1908 from nearby non-league side Stafford Rangers. He made his Football League debut on 28 November 1908 in a 1–2 defeat at Oldham Athletic. He scored two in his second appearance (against Clapton Orient) and ended the season with 8 goals. The 1909–10 campaign saw him score 27 goals, making him the club's top goalscorer for the season", "id": "5433307" }, { "contents": "Gordon Ashcroft\n\n\nGordon Aschroft (7 September 1902 – after 1930) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Lea, Lancashire, he played for Coppull Central before joining Football League First Division side Burnley in November 1925. He made his debut for the club on 7 December 1925 in the 3–1 win against Birmingham at Turf Moor. Ashcroft failed to make another first-team appearance for Burnley and was released at the end of the 1926–27 season. In August 1927 he signed for Burscough Rangers, and then played for", "id": "5652868" }, { "contents": "Raul Correia\n\n\ngoal for Guiseley on 16 September in a 1–1 draw away to Wrexham after guiding Will Hatfield's deflected shot from distance past goalkeeper Luke Coddington. Correia made his final appearance in a 4–0 defeat away to Tranmere Rovers on 30 December, and returned to his parent club two days later. On 11 January 2018, Correia joined National League North club York City on loan for the remainder of the season. Two days later, he made his debut by starting in a 2–1 home win against Bradford Park Avenue. He scored his first", "id": "12088537" }, { "contents": "Bobby Main\n\n\nRobert Frame Main (10 February 1909 – 30 March 1985) was a Scottish professional football player, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Main began his career at local team Baillieston Juniors and joined Rangers in 1929, initially as understudy to Sandy Archibald. He was in and out of the side for four years before becoming a regular in 1933. During his spell at the club he won two Scottish league championships, two Scottish Cups, three Glasgow Cups and two Charity Cups. He made 158 appearances for Rangers", "id": "12825737" }, { "contents": "Ian McColl\n\n\nfinal appearance for Rangers was in the 1960 Scottish Cup Final, a 2–0 win against Kilmarnock. He made a total of 526 appearances for the Glasgow club. He also won 14 caps for Scotland and represented the Scottish League XI. After his playing career, he quickly went into management. He was appointed manager of Scotland in 1960 and enjoyed a winning start, beating Northern Ireland 5–2 at Hampden Park. Under McColl's managership, Scotland won British Home Championships in 1962 and 1963. The team beat England 2–0 at Hampden and", "id": "14525157" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Sharp\n\n\nyear later, in 1905 he was snapped up by Woolwich Arsenal of the First Division and promptly became a regular in the side after making his debut against Liverpool on 2 September 1905. He missed only three league games in his first season and reached the FA Cup semi-finals twice in his first two seasons. At Arsenal Sharp also won another three Scotland caps, before Rangers prised him away in April 1908 for £400. In total he played 116 games for Arsenal, scoring 5 goals. His spell at Rangers only", "id": "17959164" }, { "contents": "Craig Beattie\n\n\nplayed a competitive game in two months he missed the game against Dundee United on 25 February as was not match fit. After scoring twice in a bounce game, he made his debut as a substitute on 3 March against Rangers in a 2–1 win at Ibrox. He scored his first goal for Hearts in a 2–2 draw with St Mirren in the Scottish Cup 6th round at Tynecaste on 10 March. He had a second goal in the same match wrongfully ruled out for offside. In just his second league appearance for the club", "id": "12813032" }, { "contents": "Vladimír Weiss (footballer, born 1989)\n\n\nsubstitute. On 19 August 2010, Weiss joined Scottish side Rangers on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. Prior to signing for Rangers, Weiss rejected a move to their city rivals Celtic. He made his Rangers debut against Hibernian at Easter Road on 22 August coming on as a substitute for James Beattie, setting up the second goal with Rangers going on to win 3–0. He scored his first goal for Rangers in a 4–1 home win against Motherwell and five days later made his Champions League debut against Valencia, providing", "id": "535578" }, { "contents": "Ralph Brand\n\n\nplayed his last match for Rangers on 23 April 1965 when he scored the only goal in a 1–0 win over Third Lanark in the final League game of the season. Brand was sold to Manchester City in August that year for £30,000. Two years later he moved to Sunderland before returning to Scottish football at Raith Rovers (managed by his friend Jimmy Millar). He retired in 1970, although he would come out of retirement to play a handful of matches for Hamilton Academical in 1971–72. Brand played for Scotland eight times", "id": "16219219" } ]

[ { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nTommy Cairns (30 October 1890 – 30 November 1967) was a Scottish footballer who played for Bristol City, Peebles Rovers, St Johnstone, Rangers, Bradford City and Scotland. Born in Merryton, Lanarkshire, Cairns made his name in Junior football, helping Burnbank Athletic to the Scottish Junior Cup in 1911. He also appeared for Larkhall Thistle before earning an opportunity in the senior leagues. His first professional club was Bristol City where he played for two seasons from 1911. He joined Peebles Rovers in 1913 and had a short", "id": "21330844" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nan ever-present and scored 11 goals. Cairns enjoyed further League title successes in 1919–20, 1920–21, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1924–25 and 1926–27 before joining Bradford City in 1927. His final Rangers appearance was in a 2–1 win over Queen's Park on 1 March 1927. In his time with Bradford he made 135 appearances and won a Division Three North medal in 1929. He retired from football in 1932 and later worked as a scout for Arsenal. Cairns was also capped at international level, making eight Scotland appearances. He", "id": "21330846" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nspell with St Johnstone before joining Rangers in November 1913. He made his debut against Hamilton Academical on 27 December 1913 and played a total of nine games in his first season as Rangers finished second to rivals Celtic in Division One. Cairns was a regular in the Rangers team the following season, missing just one league game. He continued to be a regular in the team for the next two seasons but it was in season 1917–18 that he won his first League title (Rangers' first for five years). Cairns was", "id": "21330845" }, { "contents": "Kevin Cairns (footballer)\n\n\nin September 1960, making his debut that month in a Scottish Football League match against St Johnstone. After being a first team regular in his first season, Cairns made only one appearance in 1961–62 and was given a free transfer by Dundee United in May 1962. He signed for Southport in August 1962, going on to make 206 appearances in the Football League over the next six years. He then played non-league football for Wigan Athletic, where he played four games in the Cheshire League, and made a further five", "id": "20271756" }, { "contents": "Sandy Archibald\n\n\nRangers won the League title for the first time in 5 seasons. Archibald went on to win thirteen league titles in his seventeen seasons with the Glasgow club. He also won three Scottish Cup medals, the first of which was Rangers' first in 25 years and Archibald scored twice in the final as Rangers defeated Celtic 4–0 at Hampden. His final appearance for Rangers was in a 1–1 draw away to Queen's Park on 30 April 1934. He made 580 appearances for Rangers. Archibald won a total of 8 caps for Scotland", "id": "9747370" }, { "contents": "Arthur Dixon (footballer, born 1892)\n\n\nfirst goal for the club on 8 March 1919 in a 3–0 league win against Hamilton Academical. He enjoyed a benefit match at Ibrox Park on 10 September 1923. A crowd of 10,000 watched Rangers draw 1–1 with Liverpool. The Rangers side was: Hamilton (goalkeeper), Manderson, Meiklejohn, Dixon, McCandless, Archibald, Muirhead, Morton, Hansen, Cairns. The goalscorer for Rangers was Hansen. In total he made 361 appearances (326 league and 35 Scottish Cup) for the club. He scored eight goals (", "id": "11923821" }, { "contents": "Bert Manderson\n\n\nBert Manderson (9 May 1893 – 27 April 1946) was an Irish footballer, who played for Rangers and Ireland. Manderson, a right-back, made his Rangers debut in a 1-1 draw with Aberdeen on 27 March 1915. He had joined Rangers from Glenavon for £150. He previously had spells at Cliftonville and Belfast Celtic. He went on to make 370 league appearances (452 in total) in 12 seasons with the club, winning seven Scottish league titles. Manderson left Rangers to join Bradford Park", "id": "21502381" }, { "contents": "Archie Devine\n\n\nScotland, but he never played for the national side again. He also made one appearance for the Scottish League XI in that season, in a 3–2 win against the English Football League XI. In April 1910 he moved south of the border to Bradford City, and was part of the side that won the 1911 FA Cup Final against Newcastle United. He stayed at Bradford for nearly three years before joining Woolwich Arsenal. He made his debut for Arsenal against Chelsea on 15 February 1913, and was part of the team that", "id": "20302147" }, { "contents": "James Stewart (footballer, born 1883)\n\n\nhe played in the losing side in the final against Bradford City. He made his third, and final, England appearance against Scotland on 1 April 1911 and again scored in a 1–1 draw. All three of his international appearances thus ended 1–1. He continued to be a regular member of the Newcastle side until he was sold to Rangers in 1913 for £600. In his Newcastle career he made a total of 138 appearances with 53 goals. In May 1914 he returned to his native north-east, and non-", "id": "11906121" }, { "contents": "George Waddell\n\n\nGeorge Barr Waddell (29 November 1888 – 17 September 1966) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Scottish Football League for Rangers and in the Football League in England for Bradford City, Preston North End, Oldham Athletic, Birmingham and New Brighton. He played as a wing half. Waddell was born in Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire. He began his football career in junior football before joining Rangers in 1909. He made his debut in Division One on 26 April 1909 in a 3–2 defeat to Queen's Park. Over the", "id": "656965" }, { "contents": "Andrew Shinnie\n\n\ninternational debut for Scotland in November 2012, in a 2–1 win over Luxembourg. Shinnie made his first team debut for Rangers on 17 March 2007, coming on as a substitute for Dado Pršo in a Scottish Premier League match against Aberdeen. On the same day, he scored two goals for Rangers' under-19 team against St Mirren under-19s. In April, he scored the first goal in the 5–0 win over rivals Celtic as Rangers won the 2007 Scottish Youth Cup Final. He went on to sign a new three-year professional", "id": "14751617" }, { "contents": "Bobby McKean\n\n\nRobert Munro McKean (8 December 1952 – 15 March 1978) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for St Mirren and Rangers. He appeared in one full international match for Scotland, in 1976. McKean started his career at local club Blantyre Victoria before moving to St Mirren in 1969. After five seasons in Paisley he joined Rangers for £50,000 in September 1974. He enjoyed a successful spell in Govan and won the league twice in his first two seasons. He was also part of the 1976 Scottish Cup Final winning", "id": "303577" }, { "contents": "Andy Cunningham (footballer)\n\n\n1918–19. In total, he made 389 appearances and scored 182 goals for Rangers. He won 7 League titles and played in Rangers' famous 1928 Scottish Cup final triumph where they defeated Celtic 4–0 to win their first Scottish Cup in 25 years. Cunningham was also capped at international level, playing 12 times for Scotland and scoring 5 goals. He lost just one of his 12 games for Scotland. Cunningham also represented the Scottish League XI 10 times. Cunningham moved to Newcastle United in 1928, becoming the then oldest player to", "id": "19975016" }, { "contents": "Archie Mitchell (footballer)\n\n\nthe team win the Birmingham & District League title in the 1905–06 and 1906–07 seasons. Mitchell departed Villa in 1907. On 2 May 1907, Mitchell joined Southern League First Division club Queens Park Rangers. He had a good start to his career with the Hoops, winning the 1907–08 First Division title in his debut season. A further First Division title was won in 1911–12, with the Charity Shield being lost 2–1 to Football League First Division champions Blackburn Rovers. He remained with Queens Park Rangers through to 1921 and finally made his", "id": "9272843" }, { "contents": "James Bowie (footballer)\n\n\nJames Bowie (9 July 1888 – 7 August 1972) was a Scottish football player and football administrator, who played for and was chairman of Rangers. He began his career at Maryhill Juniors and joined Rangers in December 1910 from Queen's Park. He made his debut against Falkirk on 10 December 1910. During his time at the club he won six League championships and played in a total of 351 competitive games, scoring 70 goals. Bowie won two Scotland caps in 1920, and also played in three wartime internationals in 1919", "id": "4895542" }, { "contents": "James Vaughan (footballer, born 1988)\n\n\n. He made his second debut for the club in the 1–0 defeat by Nottingham Forest on 3 August. After scoring two goals in the League Cup win over Bradford City on 6 August, he scored his first league goal on his return in the 1–1 draw with Queens Park Rangers on 10 August. On 24 August, he scored a hat-trick in a 5–1 win against A.F.C. Bournemouth. Vaughan joined fellow Championship club Birmingham City on 26 November 2015, on loan until 2 January 2016. He made his debut as a", "id": "14499593" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Smith (footballer, born 1911)\n\n\ncontinued their dominance of Scottish football. Smith also collected his first Scottish Cup medal, scoring in a 5-0 defeat of St Mirren in the final at Hampden. Success for Smith and Rangers continued. The League title was again won in 1934–35 with Smith scoring 43 goals in 38 matches, including 6 in a 7-1 defeat of Dunfermline Athletic. He also collected his second Scottish Cup medal, scoring twice in the 2-1 against Hamilton Academical in the final. Rangers went on to win two of the next", "id": "14794886" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\na 4–2 win over Motherwell at the start of the 1946–47 season. He made a total of 13 league appearances in his first season, including a 4–1 win over Hamilton Academical in the last match, as Rangers beat Hibernian to clinch the League title. In the following season, 1947–48, Cox was an ever present as Rangers finished second to Hibs in the league, and won the Scottish Cup after a 1–0 win over Greenock Morton. Cox also netted his first Rangers goal during the season, scoring in a 2–1 win over", "id": "14907540" }, { "contents": "Andrew Little (footballer)\n\n\nas making one appearance for the \"B\" team, he won his first senior cap in March 2009, and appeared nine times in total. A former Ballinamallard United player, he moved from Northern Ireland to Scotland in 2006 to join the Rangers Academy. He scored for the \"Gers\" in the club's Scottish Youth Cup final victory over Old Firm rival's Celtic at Hampden Park in 2008. That season he also helped the club to top the SPFL Development League. He made his senior debut as a substitute for", "id": "5532587" }, { "contents": "Jim Eadie\n\n\nJames Eadie (born 4 February 1947) is a Scottish former professional footballer. During his career, he made over 200 appearances in the Football League in spells with Cardiff City, Chester and Bristol Rovers. Eadie began his career at Rangers but never made a first team appearance for the club, moving to Dumbarton where he played a handful of matches before joining Kirkintilloch Rob Roy. It wasn't until he moved south to play in The Football League that he began to play regular football. He signed for Cardiff City in 1969", "id": "15683889" }, { "contents": "Andrew McAtee\n\n\nconscripted in 1917 and served in Italy. On returning to Scotland McAtee resumed his successful football career with Celtic, participating in two further league title-winning seasons for a total of six. He also featured in a further Scottish Cup victory in 1923, twelve years after his first in 1911, and won four Glasgow Cups, scoring the winning goal against Clyde in the 1920-21 final. He made one appearance for Scotland in 1913 versus Wales but was selected more frequently for the Scottish League XI, playing in seven games", "id": "872940" }, { "contents": "Bobby Russell (footballer, born 1957)\n\n\nRobert Russell (born 11 February 1957 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Russell joined Rangers from Shettleston Juniors in 1977 and made his first team debut against Aberdeen on 13 August that year, aged only 20. The game ended in a 3–1 defeat, however Rangers went on to win the treble that season and Russell cemented his place on the right side of the midfield. He made 370 appearances for the club and won a league championship, two Scottish Cups", "id": "82295" }, { "contents": "Aaron Ramsey\n\n\nMifsud. On 26 April, he scored his first league goal in a 3–3 draw against Burnley. He went on to make his first career league start three weeks later in a 3–1 win over Queens Park Rangers and began to establish himself in the first team, making several more starts in the Cardiff side. He made a total of 22 appearances during the season, his first full season of professional football, and played in five of the club's six FA Cup matches, including the final, becoming the second youngest player", "id": "12732777" }, { "contents": "Daniel Bruce (footballer)\n\n\nCup Final against Queen's Park. The final as scheduled finished as a 1–1 draw; in the replay, Bruce opened the scoring for Vale of Leven but Queen's came back to win 2–1. Soon afterwards, and while still a teenager, Bruce was capped for Scotland. His first and what turned out to be only international appearance came on 22 March 1890 against Wales in the British Home Championship; Scotland won 5–0. He moved to Rangers in 1891 and played four games in the Scottish Football League at the start of", "id": "4264595" }, { "contents": "Joe Hutton (footballer)\n\n\nJoseph \"Joe\" Hutton (18 November 1927 – April 1999) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Gillingham, Millwall, Reading and Stoke City. Hutton was born in Dundee and began his career in England with Reading. He only made eight appearances for the \"Royals\" before going back to Scotland to play for Ayr United. He and Ayr team-mate Bobby Cairns joined Stoke City in 1953. Hutton made an instant impact at the Victoria Ground scoring in his first three matches for the club", "id": "8572530" }, { "contents": "Alex Venters\n\n\nAlexander Venters (9 June 1913 – 30 April 1959) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Cowdenbeath, Rangers and Scotland. Alex Venters, an inside forward, joined Rangers in November 1933 after his first club Cowdenbeath. He spent a total of 13 years at Ibrox Park, winning three Scottish league titles (1935, 1937 and 1939), two Scottish Cups (1935, 1936) and scoring 102 goals in 201 appearances. 18 of these 102 goals came against Celtic in various competitions. In the last season before", "id": "9812289" }, { "contents": "Matt Fry\n\n\nreturned to West Ham having made 32 appearances, scoring one goal, for Charlton. Fry had his contract cancelled by mutual consent with West Ham on 2 February 2012 allowing him to seek first-team football on a regular basis. On 10 February 2012, Fry joined League Two club Bradford City on a free transfer. He made his debut in a 1–1 draw at home to Port Vale on 14 February 2012, in which he played 79 minutes before being substituted. After leaving Bradford, Fry played for Concord Rangers, helping", "id": "20258156" }, { "contents": "Alex Bennett (footballer)\n\n\nand also worked as a sports journalist. He died in Glasgow in 1940. Bennett was capped eleven times for Scotland, gaining three caps while at Celtic and the remaining eight while at Rangers. He made his Scotland debut against Wales in March 1904 and scored his first international goal, again against Wales, four years later. He scored his second international goal in his final Scotland appearance, against Ireland in March 1913. He also appeared ten times in representative matches for the Scottish Football League. At the age of 39 he", "id": "7795002" }, { "contents": "Robert Campbell (footballer, born 1882)\n\n\nRobert Campbell (1882 – 13 March 1931) was a Scottish footballer who played for Partick Thistle, Rangers, Millwall Athletic and Bradford City. He was a full back who won the 1911 FA Cup with Bradford. Born in Lugar in 1882, Campbell started his football career with Partick Thistle, with whom he won a Scottish League representative honour, before moving to Rangers in 1903. He played for Rangers until 1905, making nine appearances and scoring once before he moved to England and Millwall Athletic in the Southern League. He", "id": "15446261" }, { "contents": "Matthew Dickie\n\n\nMatthew Dickie (19 August 1873 – 30 December 1959) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Rangers. Dickie made his Rangers debut against St Mirren in a 5-1 home win at Ibrox on 15 August 1896. He played 126 league matches from a possible 132 in an amazing spell during his time at the club. He went on to make 175 first class appearances in total. Dickie won four League championships, 3 Scottish Cups, 5 Glasgow Cups and represented Scotland three times.", "id": "4766083" }, { "contents": "Michael O'Halloran (footballer)\n\n\nwin over Forfar Athletic. He scored again in Saints' final home game of the season, to conclude a 3–3 draw with former club Celtic. O'Halloran won the Scottish Premiership player of the month award for November 2015. St Johnstone rejected two bids from Rangers for O'Halloran in January 2016. Manager Tommy Wright then left O'Halloran out of their following league game, saying that O'Halloran was not \"mentally ready\" to play. O'Halloran made his final appearance for the club in a 2–1 defeat to Hibernian in the Scottish League Cup semi", "id": "9744181" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Millar (footballer, born 1870)\n\n\ntwo different spells: 1890–96 (winning three Football League championships in four seasons) and 1900–04 (claiming a fourth title), separated by a stint in his homeland at Rangers where he won two Scottish Football League titles and two Scottish Cups. Overall he made 260 appearances for Sunderland, scoring 123 goals. At the time of his death he was the trainer for Chelsea. Millar was capped for Scotland three times between 1897 and 1898 during his time with Rangers, scoring twice, both in matches against England; his first was", "id": "14464136" }, { "contents": "Joe Hendry\n\n\nJoe Hendry was a Scottish football player. Hendry played for Rangers, Greenock Morton and St Johnstone amongst other clubs during his career. Hendry began playing football with Maryhill FC. He joined Greenock Morton in 1907 and stayed there for two years before signing for Rangers. Hendry made his debut in a 1–0 win at home on 23 April 1910 against Clyde and during his eight-year spell with the club Hendry made 147 appearances and scored 7 goals. After leaving Rangers he had spells with Dumbarton, Third Lanark, St Johnstone and", "id": "17804993" }, { "contents": "Gordon Rae\n\n\nGordon Rae (born 3 May 1958) is a retired Scottish footballer, who played mainly as a defender for Hibernian, Partick Thistle, Hamilton Academical and Meadowbank Thistle. He also played sometimes as a centre forward, scoring over 50 goals in the Scottish Football League in his career. Rae signed for Hibernian as a 17-year-old from Whitehill Welfare in 1975. He made his first team debut two years later, and scored in a 2–0 win against Rangers at Ibrox in his second appearance. He became club captain, appeared", "id": "6510043" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Johnstone\n\n\narrival at Celtic, Stein had doubts about Johnstone, considering him too much of an individual player, to the overall detriment of the team, and he left him out of the team for the 1965 Scottish Cup Final. Johnstone soon won Stein round with his skill, and won his first winner's medal on 23 October 1965 when he played in Celtic's 2–1 win over Rangers in the Scottish League Cup Final. His 32 league appearances and nine goals that season helped Celtic win their first league title in 12 years. Johnstone", "id": "811424" }, { "contents": "Eddie Rutherford\n\n\nEdward 'Eddie' Rutherford (8 February 1921 – 29 August 2007) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers, Hearts and Scotland. Born in Govan, Scotland, Rutherford joined Rangers from Mossvale in 1941 but during the Second World War he was posted to England so he guested for Lincoln City and Bradford City. He played three games for Bradford in 1944–45 in the Football League War Cup North section. After he had completed his service, Rutherford returned to Rangers and made his first appearance for the club on 19 October", "id": "14506034" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\n1954 Cox played his last match for Scotland, as he captained the team at Hampden in a 4–2 defeat by England in front on 134,544 spectators. 1954–55 was Cox's last season at Rangers as he made only 15 first-team appearances. He made his final Rangers appearance in a 2–1 defeat to Aberdeen on 19 February 1955. Cox made a total of 370 appearances for Rangers, won 25 caps for Scotland and 13 caps for the Scottish League XI. After his Rangers career, Cox had a spell with East Fife before", "id": "14907543" }, { "contents": "Gary Warren (footballer)\n\n\ngame of the season, Warren made his debut in a 2–2 draw against St Mirren. Two-months later on 22 December 2012, he scored his first goal for Inverness in a 4–1 win over Dundee. In the quarter-final of the Scottish League Cup, he scored his second goal for Inverness in a 3–0 win over Rangers, helping the club to reach the semi-final. In the first part of the season, Warren and his teammates struggled as the club found themselves near the foot of the table,", "id": "16107731" }, { "contents": "Ronnie McKinnon\n\n\nRonald McKinnon (born 20 August 1940 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who played for Rangers and the Scotland national team. MacKinnon, a defender, made his Rangers debut against Hearts on 8 March 1961 in a 3–0 win at Ibrox. He went on to make 473 appearances for Rangers between 1961 and 1972, winning two League championships, four Scottish Cups, three League Cups and a Cup Winners' Cup. He also won a total of 28 caps for Scotland, making his debut in the famous 1", "id": "19851592" }, { "contents": "James Marshall (footballer, born 1908)\n\n\nDr James Marshall (3 January 1908 — 27 December 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for both Rangers and Arsenal as well as the Scotland national side. He played as an inside forward. Marshall was born in Avonbridge, Stirlingshire and joined Rangers from Shettleston in 1925. During his nine-year spell at Ibrox he amassed five League championships and three Scottish Cups. He also won three Scotland caps, all of them against England between 1932 and 1934. In total he scored 138 goals in 257 league appearances for Rangers", "id": "4895243" }, { "contents": "Thomas Murray (footballer)\n\n\nThomas Murray (7 April 1889 – 1976) was an English professional footballer who played as a inside right. Born in Middlesbrough, Murray spent his early career with Middlesbrough, Aberdeen, Rangers and Heart of Midlothian. At Hearts he scored 12 goals in 28 league games between August 1911 and April 1912. He joined Bradford City in June 1912. He made 6 league appearances for Bradford City, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in February 1914 to join Hull City. For Hull he made a further 2 league appearances", "id": "5167081" }, { "contents": "Ernie Thompson (footballer, born 1909)\n\n\n, scoring once in a 2–2 draw; his only other appearance came a week later in a 1–0 home win over Crewe Alexandra. At the end of the season, Thompson joined Second Division Bristol City, but never made a first-team appearance, instead spending his single season with the club playing in the reserves in both the Western Section of the Southern Football League and the Western Football League First Division. He left before the end of the 1929–30 season in February 1930 to join Bath City, playing for them in the", "id": "16156938" }, { "contents": "Alan Morton\n\n\n\"\" (insurance salesman). Morton had already been capped while an amateur before joining Rangers (making his debut for Scotland on 26 February 1920 against Wales) but would go on to play in every international against the \"Auld Enemy\", England, from 1920 to 1932 bar the fixture at Old Trafford in 1926, eventually winning 31 caps. In addition he made 15 appearances (scoring 1 goal) for the Scottish League XI (making his debut on 22 February 1919 against the Football League at St. Andrews, Birmingham", "id": "6451273" }, { "contents": "Dan Thomson\n\n\nDaniel Thomson (born 10 August 1891 in Dundee) was a Scottish professional footballer. Thomson began his career with Aberdeen before moving on to St Johnstone from where he joined Bristol City in the 1925-26 season. He spent the following season with Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic before joining Torquay United in 1927. He played in United's first match in the Football League, a 1-1 draw with local rivals Exeter City at Plainmoor on 27 August 1927. He played in the next eight games for Torquay before losing his place", "id": "2040384" }, { "contents": "Jack Smith (footballer, born 1895)\n\n\nwinning the Scottish Cup in 1920, including scoring the third goal for Kilmarnock in the final when they defeated his former team, Albion Rovers, 3–2. Following a disagreement with Kilmarnock, Smith joined Cowdenbeath, where during 1921–22, he netted 45 goals as they finished runners-up in Division Two. At the season's end he joined Rangers for £3,000, making his debut at Ibrox Park on 15 August 1922, scoring in a 2–0 victory over Alloa Athletic. He only made two further appearances for Rangers, scoring once", "id": "17284045" }, { "contents": "Peter Thomson (footballer)\n\n\nIn two seasons at Kenilworth Road he made 11 League appearances, scoring 3 goals. Scoring twice against Stoke City in a memorable 3-1 away win. He also played two League games whilst on loan at Rushden & Diamonds, scoring once on his debut. He had a brief spell with Morecambe, scoring against Dagenham & Redbridge on his home debut with an overhead kick. Thomson joined Southport in July 2002. He returned to Lancaster City in December 2003 and enjoyed further success with Stafford Rangers in the summer of 2005.", "id": "8805355" }, { "contents": "John McPherson (footballer, born 1868)\n\n\nMcPherson also won three Scottish Cup medals with Rangers, the first in 1894, where he scored in five of Rangers' six matches, including the 3–1 final win over Celtic at Hampden. McPherson also scored in the 1897 final, where Rangers defeated Dumbarton 5–1. His third Scottish Cup winners medal came a year later, 1898, where Rangers defeated McPherson's former club Kilmarnock 2–0. His final recorded appearance for Rangers was in a 2–0 friendly defeat to Glentoran on 2 April 1902. McPherson was also a Scottish International, winning", "id": "8242049" }, { "contents": "James Cairns (forward)\n\n\nJames Cairns (\"unknown\" – \"unknown\") was a footballer who played at inside right for several English clubs, including Lincoln City and Newton Heath in the late 1890s. Cairns began his football career with Stevenston Thistle in 1895, before moving to Glossop North End. In September 1897, he joined Football League side Lincoln City, but before he made an appearance for the club, he had moved on to Newton Heath in April 1898. It took Cairns six months to make his debut for the Heathens, eventually", "id": "22214514" }, { "contents": "Andy Neil\n\n\nAndrew Neil (18 November 1892 – 14 August 1941) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 328 Football League appearances playing as an inside forward or wing half for Brighton & Hove Albion (two spells), Arsenal and Queens Park Rangers. Neil was born in Crosshouse, near Kilmarnock in Ayrshire. He joined Kilmarnock of Division One from junior club Ardeer Thistle, and made his debut on 12 April 1913 away to Motherwell. He played regularly in his second season, and in 1914–15, his 20 goals placed him sixth in", "id": "2233011" }, { "contents": "Ernest Myers (footballer)\n\n\nErnest Myers, also known as Colin Myers, was an English professional footballer who played as an inside left. Born in Chapeltown, Sheffield, Myers spent his early career with Northfleet, Crystal Palace and Hickleton Main Colliery. He joined Bradford City in April 1914, and made 1 league appearance for the club, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in May 1920 to join Southend United, where he scored 2 goals in 23 league games. He later played for Aberdare Athletic, Northampton Town, Queens Park Rangers, Exeter", "id": "5167086" }, { "contents": "Billy Bennett (footballer, born 1955)\n\n\nthen over a year before Bennett made another senior appearance, when he again scored in a 3–0 Hearts win over Berwick Rangers in the final of the East of Scotland Shield. He made his league debut for Hearts on 16 November 1974 in the 1–3 defeat away at Arbroath. Bennett left Hearts in the summer of 1976 to sign for Third Division outfit Berwick Rangers. In two seasons with The Borderers, he played 69 league matches and scored 8 goals. At the start of the 1978–79 season, Bennett joined Forfar Athletic. He", "id": "17097673" }, { "contents": "Jerome Thomas\n\n\nhe scored a goal in the final over Blackburn Rovers. He was loaned out to Second Division side Queens Park Rangers in the 2001–02 and 2002–03 seasons. He made his debut in the Football League on 30 March 2002, in a 3–2 win over Tranmere Rovers at Prenton Park. He scored his first professional goal on 6 April, the only goal of the game against Swindon Town at the County Ground in a 1–0 win for QPR. During his second loan spell in October 2002, he scored long distance goals away at Cheltenham", "id": "9097657" }, { "contents": "Willie Reid (footballer)\n\n\nEngland with Portsmouth. Reid returned to Scotland in April 1909 when signed by Rangers, where he won three league titles in eleven seasons. He was the club's top scorer for six consecutive seasons, between 1910 and 1916. He received all his caps for Scottish national side while with Rangers. Reid made his Scotland debut in a 2–2 draw with Wales in 1911 and earned his last cap three years later, against England. Reid also represented the Scottish League XI. His football career was interrupted by the First World War,", "id": "15187335" }, { "contents": "Stephen McGinn\n\n\nRangers, where St Mirren won 1–0, the team's first home league win over Rangers in 22 years. McGinn started the 2009–10 season on bench in the Scottish League Cup game but then went on to score on his first start of the season in a 2–1 loss to Hibernian on 15 August 2009. He continued his season with a brace against Kilmarnock at Rugby Park, where The Buddies came from behind to win 2–1. McGinn signed for Watford in January 2010, for an undisclosed fee. He made his first Watford appearance", "id": "14258787" }, { "contents": "Anthony Ralston\n\n\nAnthony Ralston (born 16 November 1998) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Celtic. He also spent several months on loan at Queens Park in 2015 and at Dundee United in 2018. Ralston made his debut for the Celtic first team on 11 May 2016, in a 2–1 defeat against St Johnstone. He scored his first goal for Celtic in a 5–0 Scottish League Cup win over Kilmarnock on 8 August 2017. He made some further appearances early in the 2017–18 season, including a Champions League match against Paris Saint-", "id": "17673352" }, { "contents": "Sam Gallacher\n\n\nSamuel Gallacher (born 23 December 1904) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a centre half. Born in Annbank, Gallacher played for Larkfield Juniors and Cadzow St. Anne's in his native Scotland, before moving to England to join Bradford City in May 1924. For Bradford City he made 40 appearances in the Football League, scoring 2 goals. He left the club in August 1927 to join Crystal Palace. He later played for Lincoln City, making 13 appearances in the Football League as well as one FA Cup appearance", "id": "4883696" }, { "contents": "Julien Rodriguez\n\n\nJulien Rodriguez (born 11 June 1978 in Béziers, France) is a French former professional footballer who played as a defender. Rodriguez started his career at AS Monaco, making 135 appearances for the club and helping them to reach the 2004 Champions League final. He joined Scottish Premier League club Rangers in August 2005 for £1m. He scored his first goal for Rangers on 11 March 2006 in Rangers' 4–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Ibrox Stadium and made a total of 30 appearances in his debut season with the club.", "id": "11830556" }, { "contents": "Mark Williams (Scottish footballer)\n\n\n-year contract by his former St Mirren manager Danny Lennon. Nine days later he made his debut, playing the full 90 minutes as they won 1–0 at Highland League team Brora Rangers in the first round of the Scottish Challenge Cup. On 8 August he played his first league game, a 3–1 loss away to Queen of the South. In February 2016, he moved on loan to Arbroath in Scottish League Two; on 12 March he scored his first career goal to conclude a 3–0 win over East Stirlingshire at Gayfield Park", "id": "15479008" }, { "contents": "Jack Blackman (English footballer)\n\n\nJohn James Blackman (25 November 1912 – 1987) was an English retired professional footballer who played in the Football League for Crystal Palace and Queens Park Rangers as a forward. He also played non-league football for Guildford City. Blackman began his career at Queens Park Rangers and in October 1935, signed for Crystal Palace, then playing in the Football League Third Division South. He made a goal-scoring debut in November in a home 5–0 win against Millwall and went on to make 27 appearances that season scoring 19 times", "id": "13124108" }, { "contents": "Paul Bennett (footballer, born 1961)\n\n\nPaul Bennett (born 30 January 1961) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Port Vale. Bennett was an Everton youth team player before joining Port Vale in September 1978. He made his debut as a substitute in a 1–1 draw with Peterborough United at London Road on 1 November 1980, and three weeks later he scored his first goal in a 4–2 win over Bradford City. He went on to play 26 Fourth Division games in the 1980–81 season, and scored his first goal in the Football League", "id": "4265172" }, { "contents": "Nicol Smith\n\n\nNicol Smith (25 December 1873 – 6 January 1905) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers. Born in Darvel, Ayrshire, Smith played as a fullback for local sides Vale of Irvine, Royal Albert and Darvel, earning junior international selection, before joining Rangers in 1893. He made only two league appearances in his first season at the club, but by 1893–94, he had established himself in the Rangers team, missing just one of the 18 league fixtures. During that season he was also responsible for bringing Alex", "id": "20560230" }, { "contents": "Bill Paterson (footballer, born 1930)\n\n\nthe proceeds adding to the transfer deal. He had a relatively unsuccessful three years on Tyneside and so returned to Scotland to join Rangers for £3,500. His debut came on 13 August 1958 in a 2-1 home league win against Partick Thistle. That was the first of three appearances that he would make that entire season. Overall Paterson did go on to make 116 top team appearances for the club and won two Scottish league championships. He also claimed a Scottish Cup, a Scottish League Cup, a Charity Cup winners", "id": "14236809" }, { "contents": "David McClure (footballer)\n\n\nDavid McClure was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a right-back who had spells in Scotland, Ireland and England. He was born in Slamannan, Stirlingshire, but began his footballing career in Ireland with Glenavon. McClure then returned to Scotland to play Junior league football with Dunipace, before joining Scottish Football League club St Johnstone in 1924. In June 1927, he was signed by Football League Third Division North club Nelson and made his debut for the club on 24 September 1927 in the 2–1 win against Durham City.", "id": "19923020" }, { "contents": "Arthur Adey\n\n\nArthur Lewis Adey (1 March 1930 - January 1994) was a Scottish professional association football player of the 1950s. Born in Glasgow, he was a centre forward and began his professional career with Doncaster Rovers and later played for Gillingham and Bradford Park Avenue. He made 68 appearances in The Football League and scored 15 goals. He signed for Doncaster Rovers in September 1950, following his move from Bishop Auckland and made his professional debut in Division Two on 14 April 1951 against Queens Park Rangers. In 1954, after three more", "id": "17203075" }, { "contents": "Billy Hogg\n\n\nWilliam Hogg (29 May 1879 – 30 January 1937) was an English footballer who played at outside right, winning the Football League championship with Sunderland in 1901–02, before moving to Scotland where he won the Scottish League title three times with Rangers. He also made three appearances for England in 1902. Hogg was born in Sunderland and was playing local football with Willington Athletic when he was spotted by Sunderland where he became a professional in October 1899. He made his debut on 2 December 1899, scoring in a 5–0 victory over", "id": "13514822" }, { "contents": "John Ballantyne (footballer)\n\n\nJohn Ballantyne (30 June 1892 – after 1917) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 20 appearances in the Football League playing for Birmingham and played for Scottish Football League clubs Kilmarnock, Vale of Leven and Rangers. He played as an outside right. Ballantyne was born in Riccarton, Ayrshire. He played for Kilmarnock and Vale of Leven before coming to England to join Football League Second Division club Birmingham in April 1913. He made his debut on 26 April 1913, the last day of the 1912–13 season, in a 2–1", "id": "2299260" }, { "contents": "Liam Burt\n\n\nLiam Burt (born 1 February 1999) is a Scottish footballer who last played for Rangers, as a midfielder. He made his first team debut for Rangers in March 2016, and has also played on loan for Dumbarton and Alloa Athletic. Burt has represented Scotland at various youth levels up to under-21 level. Burt played youth football for Celtic before being released and subsequently joining the Rangers Academy. He made his professional debut for the club aged seventeen during a Scottish Championship match against Raith Rovers on 1 March 2016. A few", "id": "3837470" }, { "contents": "James Hamilton (footballer, born 1901)\n\n\nJames Hamilton (16 June 1901 – 1975) was a Scottish footballer who played for Vale of Clyde, St Mirren, Rangers, Blackpool, Barrow, Armadale and Scotland. He was a full-back. Bargeddie-born Hamilton made his debut for Harry Evans' Blackpool at home to Bristol City on 15 September 1928, six games into their 1928–29 Football League campaign. He made a further 24 League appearances that season as \"the Tangerines\" finished eighth in Division Two. He started the first three League games of the", "id": "1708146" }, { "contents": "John Campbell (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\nJohn William Campbell (2 October 1877 – 20 January 1919) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Linthouse, Partick Thistle, Blackburn Rovers, Rangers, West Ham United, Hibernian and the Scotland national team. He was born in Glasgow and gained the most success in his career with Rangers with whom he won four successive league titles (1898–99, 1899–00, 1900–01 and 1901–02) the first of which Rangers won all 18 of their Scottish league matches. He also represented Scotland at international level, winning four caps and scoring", "id": "13889025" }, { "contents": "Matt Hill (footballer)\n\n\nMatthew Clayton Hill (born 26 March 1981) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for Bradford Park Avenue. Born in Bristol, Hill started his career with Bristol City where he made over 200 appearances. He subsequently joined Preston North End where he also spent a successful spell, playing over 100 times for the Lancashire club. A move to Wolverhampton Wanderers followed but first team opportunities were more limited and he was loaned to Queens Park Rangers before leaving to join Barnsley. After only one season at the South Yorkshire club", "id": "15275700" }, { "contents": "Dennis O'Donnell\n\n\nDennis O'Donnell (q1 1880 – after 1908) was an English professional footballer who scored 41 goals from 167 appearances in the Football League playing as a forward for Lincoln City, Sunderland, Notts County and Bradford Park Avenue. He also played in the Southern League for Queens Park Rangers. O'Donnell was born in Willington Quay, then in Northumberland. He made his debut for Lincoln City on 5 October 1901 in a 2–1 win at home to Middlesbrough in the Football League Second Division, and played for the club until the end of", "id": "1332551" }, { "contents": "William McLachlan (footballer)\n\n\nWilliam McLachlan (born 19 March 1989) is a Scottish footballer currently playing for Irvine Meadow in the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region. He has previously played in the Scottish Football League First Division for Airdrie United and for Australian club Melbourne Knights in the Victorian Premier League. McLachlan began his career with Rangers and appeared for the Scotland U-16 team in a Victory Shield match against Northern Ireland in October 2004. In December 2008, he joined Airdrie United on loan. He made his debut against St Johnstone on 20 December.", "id": "18351658" }, { "contents": "Bruno Andrade (footballer, born 1993)\n\n\njoined Lincoln City for the 2018-19 League Two season for a free transfer on the 24th May 2018. Born in Portugal, Andrade joined the Queens Park Rangers academy at the age of 13. He made his debut for Queens Park Rangers against Preston North End on 20 November 2010. He then made his second appearance for the club against Blackburn Rovers in the FA Cup. He replaced Jamie Mackie who had broken his leg. He made a further two first-team appearances at the beginning of the 2011–12 season, including", "id": "14654306" }, { "contents": "John Walker (footballer, born 1873)\n\n\nscored the winning goal against West Bromwich Albion on the final day of the season to secure the title. Walker played another 18 times for Liverpool in 1901–02 before returning to Scotland to join Rangers, who had just won a fourth successive domestic title but were also facing financial troubles due to the reconstruction work required on their stadium after the recent 1902 Ibrox disaster. He scored at a rate of nearly a goal every two league games over his three seasons with the Glasgow club, and appeared in two further Scottish Cup finals. In", "id": "15474189" }, { "contents": "Charles Dennington\n\n\nCharles Dennington (born 7 October 1899, died 1943) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Beccles, Dennington played for Norwich City, Bradford City and Kirkley. He joined Norwich from his home town club, Beccles Town, and made his debut in a 1-1 draw against Queens Park Rangers in the Third Division (South) in August 1922, establishing himself as the Canaries' first choice ahead of William O'Hagen and Ernest Williamson. He missed just twenty League games over the next five", "id": "8086327" }, { "contents": "Davy McDougall\n\n\nside of 1899–00. He was also with Rangers without apparently making a first team appearance. In summer 1900 he joined Southern League Bristol City from Partick Thistle making his debut at outside left in a 0–2 defeat at Luton Town on 15 September 1900. He made 11 appearances scoring 2 goals playing on both right and left wings in season 1900–01 when Bristol City were runners up in the Southern League. He also played on both wings in 12 Western League games scoring 2 goals. He rejoined Rangers in the summer of 1901 making 4", "id": "20661422" }, { "contents": "Gordon Smith (footballer, born December 1954)\n\n\n. He was sold to Rangers in 1977 for £65,000. In his first season with Rangers, Smith won the domestic treble, scoring 27 goals from midfield. He also scored the winning goal in the 1978 Scottish League Cup Final, against Celtic. He was sold to Brighton & Hove Albion in 1980 for a record transfer fee of £440,000. He returned to Rangers on loan in December 1982, playing in the 1982 League Cup Final defeat by Celtic. Smith made three appearances during his loan spell, without scoring.", "id": "8508165" }, { "contents": "George Stewart (footballer, born 1932)\n\n\nGeorge Stewart (16 November 1932 – 22 May 1998) was a Scottish footballer, who played as a goalkeeper for Petershill Juniors, Raith Rovers, Stirling Albion, Montrose and Bradford City. Born in Larkhall in 1932, Stewart started his career with junior side Petershill. He was capped by the Scotland junior select team while with the club. He joined the senior game when he signed for Raith Rovers in 1952. He made 68 appearances in the Scottish Football League for three clubs in seven seasons, before moving to England to", "id": "22044872" }, { "contents": "Tommy Anderson (footballer)\n\n\nfor a fee of £1,000, but in November the same year he moved to Queen's Park Rangers. He had only played five league games for Bournemouth, scoring once. He went on to score 3 times in 10 league games for Rangers in the 1958–59 season. He moved again in July 1959, signing for Torquay United. He made his debut on 22 August 1959, the first day of the 1959–60 season, in a 2–1 home win against Doncaster Rovers. In his season with Torquay he played in nine league", "id": "2845776" }, { "contents": "Richard Edghill\n\n\nof Sun Jihai served to further limit Richard's opportunities at the club and he was released at the end of the 2001–02 promotion winning campaign, having made a total of 207 appearances for the club in nine years. Following his release Edghill had short unsuccessful spells with Wigan Athletic and Sheffield United before joining Queens Park Rangers in August 2003. In the 2005 close season Edghill joined Bradford City on a free transfer. At Bradford he scored twice; against Tranmere Rovers in the league and Barnsley in the FA Cup. He was one", "id": "9473165" }, { "contents": "John Blackwood (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\n, who then sold him to Football League Second Division club Woolwich Arsenal. After joining Woolwich Arsenal in May 1900, Blackwood scored on his debut, in a 2–1 win over Gainsborough Trinity on the opening day of the 1900–01 season. This was to be his only season with the club; he scored six goals in 17 league appearances. He also scored during his one appearance in the FA Cup, against Darwen on 5 January 1901. He left for Reading in May 1901. In November 1902, Blackwood joined Queens Park Rangers", "id": "4952881" }, { "contents": "David Amoo\n\n\nRobinson's first-team however, and made just two further substitute appeareances at Stadium MK before returning to Anfield on 23 February. On 28 February, he joined Championship side Hull City on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. He made his \"Tigers\" debut coming on as a replacement for Jay Simpson in a 1–0 win at Nottingham Forest on 5 March. He scored his first goal in senior football in a 1–1 draw at Queens Park Rangers on 25 April. Unable to break into Nigel Pearson's first-", "id": "5142268" }, { "contents": "Chris Brandon\n\n\nin Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, on 7 April 1976. He attended Yorkshire Martyrs Collegiate School in Bradford and supported the city's Football League team Bradford City. Brandon started his football career as a trainee for Bradford City, but he was dropped by their academy and joined non-league side Bradford Park Avenue. He later played for Farsley Celtic before joining Stafford Rangers. He played 32 times for Rangers over two seasons before returning to play for Bradford Park Avenue. In his two spells with Park Avenue, Brandon played", "id": "14931377" }, { "contents": "Sam Charnley\n\n\nSamuel \"Sam\" Charnley (18 November 1902 – 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for Wolverhampton Wanderers in the Football League. Born in Craigneuk, a suburb of Wishaw, North Lanarkshire, Charnley played for Burnbank Athletic before joining Wolverhampton Wanderers of the Football League Second Division in January 1925. He made his debut on 12 September 1925 in a 4–1 win against Portsmouth. After making 55 appearances in total, scoring once, he joined Midland League team York City in August 1928. He captained York in the 1928–29 season", "id": "10736957" }, { "contents": "Sébastien Faure (footballer)\n\n\n. Faure joined Rangers on a three-year deal pending international clearance on 21 August 2012. After the move, Faure says he joined Rangers because Manager Ally McCoist persuaded him to join. He made his debut against First Division side Falkirk in the Scottish League Cup on 30 August 2012. It was on 23 February 2013, when Faure scored his first ever senior goal. This came whilst playing Third Division Berwick Rangers and it contributed to a 3–1 win away from home. Faure had his first run out of the season in", "id": "5596733" }, { "contents": "Dave MacFarlane\n\n\nDave MacFarlane (16 January 1967 – 30 October 2013) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Kilmarnock. MacFarlane began his career with Ayr United Boys Club before joining Rangers. Whilst at Ibrox he made seven league appearances and picked up a winner's medal in October 1986 when he came on as a second-half substitute in Rangers 2-1 win over Celtic in the Scottish League Cup Final. MacFarlane also had loan spells with Kilmarnock and Dundee, before joining the former on a permanent", "id": "7049582" }, { "contents": "Rocco Quinn\n\n\nAugust 2009. His league debut was the 1–1 home draw a week later against Raith Rovers. He scored league goals that season in games against Ayr United, Partick Thistle and a double against Greenock Morton. The Palmerston Park side ended the season in fifth place. He also played on 23 September 2009 in the 2–1 home League Cup defeat against Rangers. In total Quinn made 35 competitive first team appearances in his first season. The QoS website confirmed on 18 June 2011 that Quinn had left and signed for Ross County. In", "id": "16760979" }, { "contents": "Tommy Kelso\n\n\nTommy Kelso (6 May 1882-29 January 1974) was a Scottish footballer who played as a full back for Manchester City between 1906 and 1911. Kelso started his career at Third Lanark before signing for Manchester City in 1906. He made his debut for Manchester City in September 1906 in a 4-1 defeat against Arsenal. He made 139 league appearances for Manchester City and scored 3 goals. He subsequently returned to Scotland and played for Dundee, Rangers and Dumbarton. He won one Scotland cap in 1914 in a 0", "id": "5742448" }, { "contents": "Luke Freeman\n\n\nLeague Trophy and League One titles during his first season with the team. He spent two-and-a-half years at Bristol City before joining Queens Park Rangers in January 2017. Freeman began his career at Charlton Athletic, joining the club's academy in 2001 after being scouted playing Sunday league youth football. He spent two years at Charlton before being released \"for being too small\". Following his release from Charlton, Freeman joined Gillingham at the age of 11. He made his first-team debut for Gillingham", "id": "8315727" }, { "contents": "David Provan (footballer, born 1941)\n\n\nDavid Provan (11 March 1941 – 26 November 2016) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for Rangers, Crystal Palace, Plymouth Argyle and St Mirren. Provan also played for Scotland and the Scottish League XI. Provan was a product of the Rangers youth team and played as a full back. He made his debut on 27 December 1958, in a league match away to Third Lanark which Rangers won 3-2. He helped the club win a domestic treble in 1963–4 and played in the 1967 European Cup Winners", "id": "926204" }, { "contents": "Neil Danns\n\n\ndeal. He had rejected an offer from Scottish Premier League club Rangers. Danns made his Leicester City debut, where he started the whole game, in a 1–0 win over Coventry City in the opening game of the season. He scored his first goal for Leicester City on 23 August 2011 in a 4–2 away win against Bury in the League Cup. Danns soon became a first team regular for the side at the start of the season, finding himself rotated. He scored his first league goal for the club against Blackpool in", "id": "141524" }, { "contents": "Billy Blunt\n\n\nWilliam Blunt (5 August 1886 – 1962) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Wolverhampton Wanderers and Bristol Rovers. Blunt joined Second Division Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1908 from nearby non-league side Stafford Rangers. He made his Football League debut on 28 November 1908 in a 1–2 defeat at Oldham Athletic. He scored two in his second appearance (against Clapton Orient) and ended the season with 8 goals. The 1909–10 campaign saw him score 27 goals, making him the club's top goalscorer for the season", "id": "5433307" }, { "contents": "Gordon Ashcroft\n\n\nGordon Aschroft (7 September 1902 – after 1930) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Lea, Lancashire, he played for Coppull Central before joining Football League First Division side Burnley in November 1925. He made his debut for the club on 7 December 1925 in the 3–1 win against Birmingham at Turf Moor. Ashcroft failed to make another first-team appearance for Burnley and was released at the end of the 1926–27 season. In August 1927 he signed for Burscough Rangers, and then played for", "id": "5652868" }, { "contents": "Raul Correia\n\n\ngoal for Guiseley on 16 September in a 1–1 draw away to Wrexham after guiding Will Hatfield's deflected shot from distance past goalkeeper Luke Coddington. Correia made his final appearance in a 4–0 defeat away to Tranmere Rovers on 30 December, and returned to his parent club two days later. On 11 January 2018, Correia joined National League North club York City on loan for the remainder of the season. Two days later, he made his debut by starting in a 2–1 home win against Bradford Park Avenue. He scored his first", "id": "12088537" }, { "contents": "Bobby Main\n\n\nRobert Frame Main (10 February 1909 – 30 March 1985) was a Scottish professional football player, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Main began his career at local team Baillieston Juniors and joined Rangers in 1929, initially as understudy to Sandy Archibald. He was in and out of the side for four years before becoming a regular in 1933. During his spell at the club he won two Scottish league championships, two Scottish Cups, three Glasgow Cups and two Charity Cups. He made 158 appearances for Rangers", "id": "12825737" }, { "contents": "Ian McColl\n\n\nfinal appearance for Rangers was in the 1960 Scottish Cup Final, a 2–0 win against Kilmarnock. He made a total of 526 appearances for the Glasgow club. He also won 14 caps for Scotland and represented the Scottish League XI. After his playing career, he quickly went into management. He was appointed manager of Scotland in 1960 and enjoyed a winning start, beating Northern Ireland 5–2 at Hampden Park. Under McColl's managership, Scotland won British Home Championships in 1962 and 1963. The team beat England 2–0 at Hampden and", "id": "14525157" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Sharp\n\n\nyear later, in 1905 he was snapped up by Woolwich Arsenal of the First Division and promptly became a regular in the side after making his debut against Liverpool on 2 September 1905. He missed only three league games in his first season and reached the FA Cup semi-finals twice in his first two seasons. At Arsenal Sharp also won another three Scotland caps, before Rangers prised him away in April 1908 for £400. In total he played 116 games for Arsenal, scoring 5 goals. His spell at Rangers only", "id": "17959164" }, { "contents": "Craig Beattie\n\n\nplayed a competitive game in two months he missed the game against Dundee United on 25 February as was not match fit. After scoring twice in a bounce game, he made his debut as a substitute on 3 March against Rangers in a 2–1 win at Ibrox. He scored his first goal for Hearts in a 2–2 draw with St Mirren in the Scottish Cup 6th round at Tynecaste on 10 March. He had a second goal in the same match wrongfully ruled out for offside. In just his second league appearance for the club", "id": "12813032" }, { "contents": "Vladimír Weiss (footballer, born 1989)\n\n\nsubstitute. On 19 August 2010, Weiss joined Scottish side Rangers on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. Prior to signing for Rangers, Weiss rejected a move to their city rivals Celtic. He made his Rangers debut against Hibernian at Easter Road on 22 August coming on as a substitute for James Beattie, setting up the second goal with Rangers going on to win 3–0. He scored his first goal for Rangers in a 4–1 home win against Motherwell and five days later made his Champions League debut against Valencia, providing", "id": "535578" }, { "contents": "Ralph Brand\n\n\nplayed his last match for Rangers on 23 April 1965 when he scored the only goal in a 1–0 win over Third Lanark in the final League game of the season. Brand was sold to Manchester City in August that year for £30,000. Two years later he moved to Sunderland before returning to Scottish football at Raith Rovers (managed by his friend Jimmy Millar). He retired in 1970, although he would come out of retirement to play a handful of matches for Hamilton Academical in 1971–72. Brand played for Scotland eight times", "id": "16219219" } ]

[ { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nTommy Cairns (30 October 1890 – 30 November 1967) was a Scottish footballer who played for Bristol City, Peebles Rovers, St Johnstone, Rangers, Bradford City and Scotland. Born in Merryton, Lanarkshire, Cairns made his name in Junior football, helping Burnbank Athletic to the Scottish Junior Cup in 1911. He also appeared for Larkhall Thistle before earning an opportunity in the senior leagues. His first professional club was Bristol City where he played for two seasons from 1911. He joined Peebles Rovers in 1913 and had a short", "id": "21330844" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nan ever-present and scored 11 goals. Cairns enjoyed further League title successes in 1919–20, 1920–21, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1924–25 and 1926–27 before joining Bradford City in 1927. His final Rangers appearance was in a 2–1 win over Queen's Park on 1 March 1927. In his time with Bradford he made 135 appearances and won a Division Three North medal in 1929. He retired from football in 1932 and later worked as a scout for Arsenal. Cairns was also capped at international level, making eight Scotland appearances. He", "id": "21330846" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nspell with St Johnstone before joining Rangers in November 1913. He made his debut against Hamilton Academical on 27 December 1913 and played a total of nine games in his first season as Rangers finished second to rivals Celtic in Division One. Cairns was a regular in the Rangers team the following season, missing just one league game. He continued to be a regular in the team for the next two seasons but it was in season 1917–18 that he won his first League title (Rangers' first for five years). Cairns was", "id": "21330845" }, { "contents": "Kevin Cairns (footballer)\n\n\nin September 1960, making his debut that month in a Scottish Football League match against St Johnstone. After being a first team regular in his first season, Cairns made only one appearance in 1961–62 and was given a free transfer by Dundee United in May 1962. He signed for Southport in August 1962, going on to make 206 appearances in the Football League over the next six years. He then played non-league football for Wigan Athletic, where he played four games in the Cheshire League, and made a further five", "id": "20271756" }, { "contents": "Sandy Archibald\n\n\nRangers won the League title for the first time in 5 seasons. Archibald went on to win thirteen league titles in his seventeen seasons with the Glasgow club. He also won three Scottish Cup medals, the first of which was Rangers' first in 25 years and Archibald scored twice in the final as Rangers defeated Celtic 4–0 at Hampden. His final appearance for Rangers was in a 1–1 draw away to Queen's Park on 30 April 1934. He made 580 appearances for Rangers. Archibald won a total of 8 caps for Scotland", "id": "9747370" }, { "contents": "Arthur Dixon (footballer, born 1892)\n\n\nfirst goal for the club on 8 March 1919 in a 3–0 league win against Hamilton Academical. He enjoyed a benefit match at Ibrox Park on 10 September 1923. A crowd of 10,000 watched Rangers draw 1–1 with Liverpool. The Rangers side was: Hamilton (goalkeeper), Manderson, Meiklejohn, Dixon, McCandless, Archibald, Muirhead, Morton, Hansen, Cairns. The goalscorer for Rangers was Hansen. In total he made 361 appearances (326 league and 35 Scottish Cup) for the club. He scored eight goals (", "id": "11923821" }, { "contents": "Bert Manderson\n\n\nBert Manderson (9 May 1893 – 27 April 1946) was an Irish footballer, who played for Rangers and Ireland. Manderson, a right-back, made his Rangers debut in a 1-1 draw with Aberdeen on 27 March 1915. He had joined Rangers from Glenavon for £150. He previously had spells at Cliftonville and Belfast Celtic. He went on to make 370 league appearances (452 in total) in 12 seasons with the club, winning seven Scottish league titles. Manderson left Rangers to join Bradford Park", "id": "21502381" }, { "contents": "Archie Devine\n\n\nScotland, but he never played for the national side again. He also made one appearance for the Scottish League XI in that season, in a 3–2 win against the English Football League XI. In April 1910 he moved south of the border to Bradford City, and was part of the side that won the 1911 FA Cup Final against Newcastle United. He stayed at Bradford for nearly three years before joining Woolwich Arsenal. He made his debut for Arsenal against Chelsea on 15 February 1913, and was part of the team that", "id": "20302147" }, { "contents": "James Stewart (footballer, born 1883)\n\n\nhe played in the losing side in the final against Bradford City. He made his third, and final, England appearance against Scotland on 1 April 1911 and again scored in a 1–1 draw. All three of his international appearances thus ended 1–1. He continued to be a regular member of the Newcastle side until he was sold to Rangers in 1913 for £600. In his Newcastle career he made a total of 138 appearances with 53 goals. In May 1914 he returned to his native north-east, and non-", "id": "11906121" }, { "contents": "George Waddell\n\n\nGeorge Barr Waddell (29 November 1888 – 17 September 1966) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Scottish Football League for Rangers and in the Football League in England for Bradford City, Preston North End, Oldham Athletic, Birmingham and New Brighton. He played as a wing half. Waddell was born in Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire. He began his football career in junior football before joining Rangers in 1909. He made his debut in Division One on 26 April 1909 in a 3–2 defeat to Queen's Park. Over the", "id": "656965" }, { "contents": "Andrew Shinnie\n\n\ninternational debut for Scotland in November 2012, in a 2–1 win over Luxembourg. Shinnie made his first team debut for Rangers on 17 March 2007, coming on as a substitute for Dado Pršo in a Scottish Premier League match against Aberdeen. On the same day, he scored two goals for Rangers' under-19 team against St Mirren under-19s. In April, he scored the first goal in the 5–0 win over rivals Celtic as Rangers won the 2007 Scottish Youth Cup Final. He went on to sign a new three-year professional", "id": "14751617" }, { "contents": "Bobby McKean\n\n\nRobert Munro McKean (8 December 1952 – 15 March 1978) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for St Mirren and Rangers. He appeared in one full international match for Scotland, in 1976. McKean started his career at local club Blantyre Victoria before moving to St Mirren in 1969. After five seasons in Paisley he joined Rangers for £50,000 in September 1974. He enjoyed a successful spell in Govan and won the league twice in his first two seasons. He was also part of the 1976 Scottish Cup Final winning", "id": "303577" }, { "contents": "Andy Cunningham (footballer)\n\n\n1918–19. In total, he made 389 appearances and scored 182 goals for Rangers. He won 7 League titles and played in Rangers' famous 1928 Scottish Cup final triumph where they defeated Celtic 4–0 to win their first Scottish Cup in 25 years. Cunningham was also capped at international level, playing 12 times for Scotland and scoring 5 goals. He lost just one of his 12 games for Scotland. Cunningham also represented the Scottish League XI 10 times. Cunningham moved to Newcastle United in 1928, becoming the then oldest player to", "id": "19975016" }, { "contents": "Archie Mitchell (footballer)\n\n\nthe team win the Birmingham & District League title in the 1905–06 and 1906–07 seasons. Mitchell departed Villa in 1907. On 2 May 1907, Mitchell joined Southern League First Division club Queens Park Rangers. He had a good start to his career with the Hoops, winning the 1907–08 First Division title in his debut season. A further First Division title was won in 1911–12, with the Charity Shield being lost 2–1 to Football League First Division champions Blackburn Rovers. He remained with Queens Park Rangers through to 1921 and finally made his", "id": "9272843" }, { "contents": "James Bowie (footballer)\n\n\nJames Bowie (9 July 1888 – 7 August 1972) was a Scottish football player and football administrator, who played for and was chairman of Rangers. He began his career at Maryhill Juniors and joined Rangers in December 1910 from Queen's Park. He made his debut against Falkirk on 10 December 1910. During his time at the club he won six League championships and played in a total of 351 competitive games, scoring 70 goals. Bowie won two Scotland caps in 1920, and also played in three wartime internationals in 1919", "id": "4895542" }, { "contents": "James Vaughan (footballer, born 1988)\n\n\n. He made his second debut for the club in the 1–0 defeat by Nottingham Forest on 3 August. After scoring two goals in the League Cup win over Bradford City on 6 August, he scored his first league goal on his return in the 1–1 draw with Queens Park Rangers on 10 August. On 24 August, he scored a hat-trick in a 5–1 win against A.F.C. Bournemouth. Vaughan joined fellow Championship club Birmingham City on 26 November 2015, on loan until 2 January 2016. He made his debut as a", "id": "14499593" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Smith (footballer, born 1911)\n\n\ncontinued their dominance of Scottish football. Smith also collected his first Scottish Cup medal, scoring in a 5-0 defeat of St Mirren in the final at Hampden. Success for Smith and Rangers continued. The League title was again won in 1934–35 with Smith scoring 43 goals in 38 matches, including 6 in a 7-1 defeat of Dunfermline Athletic. He also collected his second Scottish Cup medal, scoring twice in the 2-1 against Hamilton Academical in the final. Rangers went on to win two of the next", "id": "14794886" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\na 4–2 win over Motherwell at the start of the 1946–47 season. He made a total of 13 league appearances in his first season, including a 4–1 win over Hamilton Academical in the last match, as Rangers beat Hibernian to clinch the League title. In the following season, 1947–48, Cox was an ever present as Rangers finished second to Hibs in the league, and won the Scottish Cup after a 1–0 win over Greenock Morton. Cox also netted his first Rangers goal during the season, scoring in a 2–1 win over", "id": "14907540" }, { "contents": "Andrew Little (footballer)\n\n\nas making one appearance for the \"B\" team, he won his first senior cap in March 2009, and appeared nine times in total. A former Ballinamallard United player, he moved from Northern Ireland to Scotland in 2006 to join the Rangers Academy. He scored for the \"Gers\" in the club's Scottish Youth Cup final victory over Old Firm rival's Celtic at Hampden Park in 2008. That season he also helped the club to top the SPFL Development League. He made his senior debut as a substitute for", "id": "5532587" }, { "contents": "Jim Eadie\n\n\nJames Eadie (born 4 February 1947) is a Scottish former professional footballer. During his career, he made over 200 appearances in the Football League in spells with Cardiff City, Chester and Bristol Rovers. Eadie began his career at Rangers but never made a first team appearance for the club, moving to Dumbarton where he played a handful of matches before joining Kirkintilloch Rob Roy. It wasn't until he moved south to play in The Football League that he began to play regular football. He signed for Cardiff City in 1969", "id": "15683889" }, { "contents": "Andrew McAtee\n\n\nconscripted in 1917 and served in Italy. On returning to Scotland McAtee resumed his successful football career with Celtic, participating in two further league title-winning seasons for a total of six. He also featured in a further Scottish Cup victory in 1923, twelve years after his first in 1911, and won four Glasgow Cups, scoring the winning goal against Clyde in the 1920-21 final. He made one appearance for Scotland in 1913 versus Wales but was selected more frequently for the Scottish League XI, playing in seven games", "id": "872940" }, { "contents": "Bobby Russell (footballer, born 1957)\n\n\nRobert Russell (born 11 February 1957 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Russell joined Rangers from Shettleston Juniors in 1977 and made his first team debut against Aberdeen on 13 August that year, aged only 20. The game ended in a 3–1 defeat, however Rangers went on to win the treble that season and Russell cemented his place on the right side of the midfield. He made 370 appearances for the club and won a league championship, two Scottish Cups", "id": "82295" }, { "contents": "Aaron Ramsey\n\n\nMifsud. On 26 April, he scored his first league goal in a 3–3 draw against Burnley. He went on to make his first career league start three weeks later in a 3–1 win over Queens Park Rangers and began to establish himself in the first team, making several more starts in the Cardiff side. He made a total of 22 appearances during the season, his first full season of professional football, and played in five of the club's six FA Cup matches, including the final, becoming the second youngest player", "id": "12732777" }, { "contents": "Daniel Bruce (footballer)\n\n\nCup Final against Queen's Park. The final as scheduled finished as a 1–1 draw; in the replay, Bruce opened the scoring for Vale of Leven but Queen's came back to win 2–1. Soon afterwards, and while still a teenager, Bruce was capped for Scotland. His first and what turned out to be only international appearance came on 22 March 1890 against Wales in the British Home Championship; Scotland won 5–0. He moved to Rangers in 1891 and played four games in the Scottish Football League at the start of", "id": "4264595" }, { "contents": "Joe Hutton (footballer)\n\n\nJoseph \"Joe\" Hutton (18 November 1927 – April 1999) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Gillingham, Millwall, Reading and Stoke City. Hutton was born in Dundee and began his career in England with Reading. He only made eight appearances for the \"Royals\" before going back to Scotland to play for Ayr United. He and Ayr team-mate Bobby Cairns joined Stoke City in 1953. Hutton made an instant impact at the Victoria Ground scoring in his first three matches for the club", "id": "8572530" }, { "contents": "Alex Venters\n\n\nAlexander Venters (9 June 1913 – 30 April 1959) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Cowdenbeath, Rangers and Scotland. Alex Venters, an inside forward, joined Rangers in November 1933 after his first club Cowdenbeath. He spent a total of 13 years at Ibrox Park, winning three Scottish league titles (1935, 1937 and 1939), two Scottish Cups (1935, 1936) and scoring 102 goals in 201 appearances. 18 of these 102 goals came against Celtic in various competitions. In the last season before", "id": "9812289" }, { "contents": "Matt Fry\n\n\nreturned to West Ham having made 32 appearances, scoring one goal, for Charlton. Fry had his contract cancelled by mutual consent with West Ham on 2 February 2012 allowing him to seek first-team football on a regular basis. On 10 February 2012, Fry joined League Two club Bradford City on a free transfer. He made his debut in a 1–1 draw at home to Port Vale on 14 February 2012, in which he played 79 minutes before being substituted. After leaving Bradford, Fry played for Concord Rangers, helping", "id": "20258156" }, { "contents": "Alex Bennett (footballer)\n\n\nand also worked as a sports journalist. He died in Glasgow in 1940. Bennett was capped eleven times for Scotland, gaining three caps while at Celtic and the remaining eight while at Rangers. He made his Scotland debut against Wales in March 1904 and scored his first international goal, again against Wales, four years later. He scored his second international goal in his final Scotland appearance, against Ireland in March 1913. He also appeared ten times in representative matches for the Scottish Football League. At the age of 39 he", "id": "7795002" }, { "contents": "Robert Campbell (footballer, born 1882)\n\n\nRobert Campbell (1882 – 13 March 1931) was a Scottish footballer who played for Partick Thistle, Rangers, Millwall Athletic and Bradford City. He was a full back who won the 1911 FA Cup with Bradford. Born in Lugar in 1882, Campbell started his football career with Partick Thistle, with whom he won a Scottish League representative honour, before moving to Rangers in 1903. He played for Rangers until 1905, making nine appearances and scoring once before he moved to England and Millwall Athletic in the Southern League. He", "id": "15446261" }, { "contents": "Matthew Dickie\n\n\nMatthew Dickie (19 August 1873 – 30 December 1959) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Rangers. Dickie made his Rangers debut against St Mirren in a 5-1 home win at Ibrox on 15 August 1896. He played 126 league matches from a possible 132 in an amazing spell during his time at the club. He went on to make 175 first class appearances in total. Dickie won four League championships, 3 Scottish Cups, 5 Glasgow Cups and represented Scotland three times.", "id": "4766083" }, { "contents": "Michael O'Halloran (footballer)\n\n\nwin over Forfar Athletic. He scored again in Saints' final home game of the season, to conclude a 3–3 draw with former club Celtic. O'Halloran won the Scottish Premiership player of the month award for November 2015. St Johnstone rejected two bids from Rangers for O'Halloran in January 2016. Manager Tommy Wright then left O'Halloran out of their following league game, saying that O'Halloran was not \"mentally ready\" to play. O'Halloran made his final appearance for the club in a 2–1 defeat to Hibernian in the Scottish League Cup semi", "id": "9744181" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Millar (footballer, born 1870)\n\n\ntwo different spells: 1890–96 (winning three Football League championships in four seasons) and 1900–04 (claiming a fourth title), separated by a stint in his homeland at Rangers where he won two Scottish Football League titles and two Scottish Cups. Overall he made 260 appearances for Sunderland, scoring 123 goals. At the time of his death he was the trainer for Chelsea. Millar was capped for Scotland three times between 1897 and 1898 during his time with Rangers, scoring twice, both in matches against England; his first was", "id": "14464136" }, { "contents": "Joe Hendry\n\n\nJoe Hendry was a Scottish football player. Hendry played for Rangers, Greenock Morton and St Johnstone amongst other clubs during his career. Hendry began playing football with Maryhill FC. He joined Greenock Morton in 1907 and stayed there for two years before signing for Rangers. Hendry made his debut in a 1–0 win at home on 23 April 1910 against Clyde and during his eight-year spell with the club Hendry made 147 appearances and scored 7 goals. After leaving Rangers he had spells with Dumbarton, Third Lanark, St Johnstone and", "id": "17804993" }, { "contents": "Gordon Rae\n\n\nGordon Rae (born 3 May 1958) is a retired Scottish footballer, who played mainly as a defender for Hibernian, Partick Thistle, Hamilton Academical and Meadowbank Thistle. He also played sometimes as a centre forward, scoring over 50 goals in the Scottish Football League in his career. Rae signed for Hibernian as a 17-year-old from Whitehill Welfare in 1975. He made his first team debut two years later, and scored in a 2–0 win against Rangers at Ibrox in his second appearance. He became club captain, appeared", "id": "6510043" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Johnstone\n\n\narrival at Celtic, Stein had doubts about Johnstone, considering him too much of an individual player, to the overall detriment of the team, and he left him out of the team for the 1965 Scottish Cup Final. Johnstone soon won Stein round with his skill, and won his first winner's medal on 23 October 1965 when he played in Celtic's 2–1 win over Rangers in the Scottish League Cup Final. His 32 league appearances and nine goals that season helped Celtic win their first league title in 12 years. Johnstone", "id": "811424" }, { "contents": "Eddie Rutherford\n\n\nEdward 'Eddie' Rutherford (8 February 1921 – 29 August 2007) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers, Hearts and Scotland. Born in Govan, Scotland, Rutherford joined Rangers from Mossvale in 1941 but during the Second World War he was posted to England so he guested for Lincoln City and Bradford City. He played three games for Bradford in 1944–45 in the Football League War Cup North section. After he had completed his service, Rutherford returned to Rangers and made his first appearance for the club on 19 October", "id": "14506034" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\n1954 Cox played his last match for Scotland, as he captained the team at Hampden in a 4–2 defeat by England in front on 134,544 spectators. 1954–55 was Cox's last season at Rangers as he made only 15 first-team appearances. He made his final Rangers appearance in a 2–1 defeat to Aberdeen on 19 February 1955. Cox made a total of 370 appearances for Rangers, won 25 caps for Scotland and 13 caps for the Scottish League XI. After his Rangers career, Cox had a spell with East Fife before", "id": "14907543" }, { "contents": "Gary Warren (footballer)\n\n\ngame of the season, Warren made his debut in a 2–2 draw against St Mirren. Two-months later on 22 December 2012, he scored his first goal for Inverness in a 4–1 win over Dundee. In the quarter-final of the Scottish League Cup, he scored his second goal for Inverness in a 3–0 win over Rangers, helping the club to reach the semi-final. In the first part of the season, Warren and his teammates struggled as the club found themselves near the foot of the table,", "id": "16107731" }, { "contents": "Ronnie McKinnon\n\n\nRonald McKinnon (born 20 August 1940 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who played for Rangers and the Scotland national team. MacKinnon, a defender, made his Rangers debut against Hearts on 8 March 1961 in a 3–0 win at Ibrox. He went on to make 473 appearances for Rangers between 1961 and 1972, winning two League championships, four Scottish Cups, three League Cups and a Cup Winners' Cup. He also won a total of 28 caps for Scotland, making his debut in the famous 1", "id": "19851592" }, { "contents": "James Marshall (footballer, born 1908)\n\n\nDr James Marshall (3 January 1908 — 27 December 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for both Rangers and Arsenal as well as the Scotland national side. He played as an inside forward. Marshall was born in Avonbridge, Stirlingshire and joined Rangers from Shettleston in 1925. During his nine-year spell at Ibrox he amassed five League championships and three Scottish Cups. He also won three Scotland caps, all of them against England between 1932 and 1934. In total he scored 138 goals in 257 league appearances for Rangers", "id": "4895243" }, { "contents": "Thomas Murray (footballer)\n\n\nThomas Murray (7 April 1889 – 1976) was an English professional footballer who played as a inside right. Born in Middlesbrough, Murray spent his early career with Middlesbrough, Aberdeen, Rangers and Heart of Midlothian. At Hearts he scored 12 goals in 28 league games between August 1911 and April 1912. He joined Bradford City in June 1912. He made 6 league appearances for Bradford City, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in February 1914 to join Hull City. For Hull he made a further 2 league appearances", "id": "5167081" }, { "contents": "Ernie Thompson (footballer, born 1909)\n\n\n, scoring once in a 2–2 draw; his only other appearance came a week later in a 1–0 home win over Crewe Alexandra. At the end of the season, Thompson joined Second Division Bristol City, but never made a first-team appearance, instead spending his single season with the club playing in the reserves in both the Western Section of the Southern Football League and the Western Football League First Division. He left before the end of the 1929–30 season in February 1930 to join Bath City, playing for them in the", "id": "16156938" }, { "contents": "Alan Morton\n\n\n\"\" (insurance salesman). Morton had already been capped while an amateur before joining Rangers (making his debut for Scotland on 26 February 1920 against Wales) but would go on to play in every international against the \"Auld Enemy\", England, from 1920 to 1932 bar the fixture at Old Trafford in 1926, eventually winning 31 caps. In addition he made 15 appearances (scoring 1 goal) for the Scottish League XI (making his debut on 22 February 1919 against the Football League at St. Andrews, Birmingham", "id": "6451273" }, { "contents": "Dan Thomson\n\n\nDaniel Thomson (born 10 August 1891 in Dundee) was a Scottish professional footballer. Thomson began his career with Aberdeen before moving on to St Johnstone from where he joined Bristol City in the 1925-26 season. He spent the following season with Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic before joining Torquay United in 1927. He played in United's first match in the Football League, a 1-1 draw with local rivals Exeter City at Plainmoor on 27 August 1927. He played in the next eight games for Torquay before losing his place", "id": "2040384" }, { "contents": "Jack Smith (footballer, born 1895)\n\n\nwinning the Scottish Cup in 1920, including scoring the third goal for Kilmarnock in the final when they defeated his former team, Albion Rovers, 3–2. Following a disagreement with Kilmarnock, Smith joined Cowdenbeath, where during 1921–22, he netted 45 goals as they finished runners-up in Division Two. At the season's end he joined Rangers for £3,000, making his debut at Ibrox Park on 15 August 1922, scoring in a 2–0 victory over Alloa Athletic. He only made two further appearances for Rangers, scoring once", "id": "17284045" }, { "contents": "Peter Thomson (footballer)\n\n\nIn two seasons at Kenilworth Road he made 11 League appearances, scoring 3 goals. Scoring twice against Stoke City in a memorable 3-1 away win. He also played two League games whilst on loan at Rushden & Diamonds, scoring once on his debut. He had a brief spell with Morecambe, scoring against Dagenham & Redbridge on his home debut with an overhead kick. Thomson joined Southport in July 2002. He returned to Lancaster City in December 2003 and enjoyed further success with Stafford Rangers in the summer of 2005.", "id": "8805355" }, { "contents": "John McPherson (footballer, born 1868)\n\n\nMcPherson also won three Scottish Cup medals with Rangers, the first in 1894, where he scored in five of Rangers' six matches, including the 3–1 final win over Celtic at Hampden. McPherson also scored in the 1897 final, where Rangers defeated Dumbarton 5–1. His third Scottish Cup winners medal came a year later, 1898, where Rangers defeated McPherson's former club Kilmarnock 2–0. His final recorded appearance for Rangers was in a 2–0 friendly defeat to Glentoran on 2 April 1902. McPherson was also a Scottish International, winning", "id": "8242049" }, { "contents": "James Cairns (forward)\n\n\nJames Cairns (\"unknown\" – \"unknown\") was a footballer who played at inside right for several English clubs, including Lincoln City and Newton Heath in the late 1890s. Cairns began his football career with Stevenston Thistle in 1895, before moving to Glossop North End. In September 1897, he joined Football League side Lincoln City, but before he made an appearance for the club, he had moved on to Newton Heath in April 1898. It took Cairns six months to make his debut for the Heathens, eventually", "id": "22214514" }, { "contents": "Andy Neil\n\n\nAndrew Neil (18 November 1892 – 14 August 1941) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 328 Football League appearances playing as an inside forward or wing half for Brighton & Hove Albion (two spells), Arsenal and Queens Park Rangers. Neil was born in Crosshouse, near Kilmarnock in Ayrshire. He joined Kilmarnock of Division One from junior club Ardeer Thistle, and made his debut on 12 April 1913 away to Motherwell. He played regularly in his second season, and in 1914–15, his 20 goals placed him sixth in", "id": "2233011" }, { "contents": "Ernest Myers (footballer)\n\n\nErnest Myers, also known as Colin Myers, was an English professional footballer who played as an inside left. Born in Chapeltown, Sheffield, Myers spent his early career with Northfleet, Crystal Palace and Hickleton Main Colliery. He joined Bradford City in April 1914, and made 1 league appearance for the club, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in May 1920 to join Southend United, where he scored 2 goals in 23 league games. He later played for Aberdare Athletic, Northampton Town, Queens Park Rangers, Exeter", "id": "5167086" }, { "contents": "Billy Bennett (footballer, born 1955)\n\n\nthen over a year before Bennett made another senior appearance, when he again scored in a 3–0 Hearts win over Berwick Rangers in the final of the East of Scotland Shield. He made his league debut for Hearts on 16 November 1974 in the 1–3 defeat away at Arbroath. Bennett left Hearts in the summer of 1976 to sign for Third Division outfit Berwick Rangers. In two seasons with The Borderers, he played 69 league matches and scored 8 goals. At the start of the 1978–79 season, Bennett joined Forfar Athletic. He", "id": "17097673" }, { "contents": "Jerome Thomas\n\n\nhe scored a goal in the final over Blackburn Rovers. He was loaned out to Second Division side Queens Park Rangers in the 2001–02 and 2002–03 seasons. He made his debut in the Football League on 30 March 2002, in a 3–2 win over Tranmere Rovers at Prenton Park. He scored his first professional goal on 6 April, the only goal of the game against Swindon Town at the County Ground in a 1–0 win for QPR. During his second loan spell in October 2002, he scored long distance goals away at Cheltenham", "id": "9097657" }, { "contents": "Willie Reid (footballer)\n\n\nEngland with Portsmouth. Reid returned to Scotland in April 1909 when signed by Rangers, where he won three league titles in eleven seasons. He was the club's top scorer for six consecutive seasons, between 1910 and 1916. He received all his caps for Scottish national side while with Rangers. Reid made his Scotland debut in a 2–2 draw with Wales in 1911 and earned his last cap three years later, against England. Reid also represented the Scottish League XI. His football career was interrupted by the First World War,", "id": "15187335" }, { "contents": "Stephen McGinn\n\n\nRangers, where St Mirren won 1–0, the team's first home league win over Rangers in 22 years. McGinn started the 2009–10 season on bench in the Scottish League Cup game but then went on to score on his first start of the season in a 2–1 loss to Hibernian on 15 August 2009. He continued his season with a brace against Kilmarnock at Rugby Park, where The Buddies came from behind to win 2–1. McGinn signed for Watford in January 2010, for an undisclosed fee. He made his first Watford appearance", "id": "14258787" }, { "contents": "Anthony Ralston\n\n\nAnthony Ralston (born 16 November 1998) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Celtic. He also spent several months on loan at Queens Park in 2015 and at Dundee United in 2018. Ralston made his debut for the Celtic first team on 11 May 2016, in a 2–1 defeat against St Johnstone. He scored his first goal for Celtic in a 5–0 Scottish League Cup win over Kilmarnock on 8 August 2017. He made some further appearances early in the 2017–18 season, including a Champions League match against Paris Saint-", "id": "17673352" }, { "contents": "Sam Gallacher\n\n\nSamuel Gallacher (born 23 December 1904) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a centre half. Born in Annbank, Gallacher played for Larkfield Juniors and Cadzow St. Anne's in his native Scotland, before moving to England to join Bradford City in May 1924. For Bradford City he made 40 appearances in the Football League, scoring 2 goals. He left the club in August 1927 to join Crystal Palace. He later played for Lincoln City, making 13 appearances in the Football League as well as one FA Cup appearance", "id": "4883696" }, { "contents": "Julien Rodriguez\n\n\nJulien Rodriguez (born 11 June 1978 in Béziers, France) is a French former professional footballer who played as a defender. Rodriguez started his career at AS Monaco, making 135 appearances for the club and helping them to reach the 2004 Champions League final. He joined Scottish Premier League club Rangers in August 2005 for £1m. He scored his first goal for Rangers on 11 March 2006 in Rangers' 4–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Ibrox Stadium and made a total of 30 appearances in his debut season with the club.", "id": "11830556" }, { "contents": "Mark Williams (Scottish footballer)\n\n\n-year contract by his former St Mirren manager Danny Lennon. Nine days later he made his debut, playing the full 90 minutes as they won 1–0 at Highland League team Brora Rangers in the first round of the Scottish Challenge Cup. On 8 August he played his first league game, a 3–1 loss away to Queen of the South. In February 2016, he moved on loan to Arbroath in Scottish League Two; on 12 March he scored his first career goal to conclude a 3–0 win over East Stirlingshire at Gayfield Park", "id": "15479008" }, { "contents": "Jack Blackman (English footballer)\n\n\nJohn James Blackman (25 November 1912 – 1987) was an English retired professional footballer who played in the Football League for Crystal Palace and Queens Park Rangers as a forward. He also played non-league football for Guildford City. Blackman began his career at Queens Park Rangers and in October 1935, signed for Crystal Palace, then playing in the Football League Third Division South. He made a goal-scoring debut in November in a home 5–0 win against Millwall and went on to make 27 appearances that season scoring 19 times", "id": "13124108" }, { "contents": "Paul Bennett (footballer, born 1961)\n\n\nPaul Bennett (born 30 January 1961) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Port Vale. Bennett was an Everton youth team player before joining Port Vale in September 1978. He made his debut as a substitute in a 1–1 draw with Peterborough United at London Road on 1 November 1980, and three weeks later he scored his first goal in a 4–2 win over Bradford City. He went on to play 26 Fourth Division games in the 1980–81 season, and scored his first goal in the Football League", "id": "4265172" }, { "contents": "Nicol Smith\n\n\nNicol Smith (25 December 1873 – 6 January 1905) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers. Born in Darvel, Ayrshire, Smith played as a fullback for local sides Vale of Irvine, Royal Albert and Darvel, earning junior international selection, before joining Rangers in 1893. He made only two league appearances in his first season at the club, but by 1893–94, he had established himself in the Rangers team, missing just one of the 18 league fixtures. During that season he was also responsible for bringing Alex", "id": "20560230" }, { "contents": "Bill Paterson (footballer, born 1930)\n\n\nthe proceeds adding to the transfer deal. He had a relatively unsuccessful three years on Tyneside and so returned to Scotland to join Rangers for £3,500. His debut came on 13 August 1958 in a 2-1 home league win against Partick Thistle. That was the first of three appearances that he would make that entire season. Overall Paterson did go on to make 116 top team appearances for the club and won two Scottish league championships. He also claimed a Scottish Cup, a Scottish League Cup, a Charity Cup winners", "id": "14236809" }, { "contents": "David McClure (footballer)\n\n\nDavid McClure was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a right-back who had spells in Scotland, Ireland and England. He was born in Slamannan, Stirlingshire, but began his footballing career in Ireland with Glenavon. McClure then returned to Scotland to play Junior league football with Dunipace, before joining Scottish Football League club St Johnstone in 1924. In June 1927, he was signed by Football League Third Division North club Nelson and made his debut for the club on 24 September 1927 in the 2–1 win against Durham City.", "id": "19923020" }, { "contents": "Arthur Adey\n\n\nArthur Lewis Adey (1 March 1930 - January 1994) was a Scottish professional association football player of the 1950s. Born in Glasgow, he was a centre forward and began his professional career with Doncaster Rovers and later played for Gillingham and Bradford Park Avenue. He made 68 appearances in The Football League and scored 15 goals. He signed for Doncaster Rovers in September 1950, following his move from Bishop Auckland and made his professional debut in Division Two on 14 April 1951 against Queens Park Rangers. In 1954, after three more", "id": "17203075" }, { "contents": "Billy Hogg\n\n\nWilliam Hogg (29 May 1879 – 30 January 1937) was an English footballer who played at outside right, winning the Football League championship with Sunderland in 1901–02, before moving to Scotland where he won the Scottish League title three times with Rangers. He also made three appearances for England in 1902. Hogg was born in Sunderland and was playing local football with Willington Athletic when he was spotted by Sunderland where he became a professional in October 1899. He made his debut on 2 December 1899, scoring in a 5–0 victory over", "id": "13514822" }, { "contents": "John Ballantyne (footballer)\n\n\nJohn Ballantyne (30 June 1892 – after 1917) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 20 appearances in the Football League playing for Birmingham and played for Scottish Football League clubs Kilmarnock, Vale of Leven and Rangers. He played as an outside right. Ballantyne was born in Riccarton, Ayrshire. He played for Kilmarnock and Vale of Leven before coming to England to join Football League Second Division club Birmingham in April 1913. He made his debut on 26 April 1913, the last day of the 1912–13 season, in a 2–1", "id": "2299260" }, { "contents": "Liam Burt\n\n\nLiam Burt (born 1 February 1999) is a Scottish footballer who last played for Rangers, as a midfielder. He made his first team debut for Rangers in March 2016, and has also played on loan for Dumbarton and Alloa Athletic. Burt has represented Scotland at various youth levels up to under-21 level. Burt played youth football for Celtic before being released and subsequently joining the Rangers Academy. He made his professional debut for the club aged seventeen during a Scottish Championship match against Raith Rovers on 1 March 2016. A few", "id": "3837470" }, { "contents": "James Hamilton (footballer, born 1901)\n\n\nJames Hamilton (16 June 1901 – 1975) was a Scottish footballer who played for Vale of Clyde, St Mirren, Rangers, Blackpool, Barrow, Armadale and Scotland. He was a full-back. Bargeddie-born Hamilton made his debut for Harry Evans' Blackpool at home to Bristol City on 15 September 1928, six games into their 1928–29 Football League campaign. He made a further 24 League appearances that season as \"the Tangerines\" finished eighth in Division Two. He started the first three League games of the", "id": "1708146" }, { "contents": "John Campbell (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\nJohn William Campbell (2 October 1877 – 20 January 1919) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Linthouse, Partick Thistle, Blackburn Rovers, Rangers, West Ham United, Hibernian and the Scotland national team. He was born in Glasgow and gained the most success in his career with Rangers with whom he won four successive league titles (1898–99, 1899–00, 1900–01 and 1901–02) the first of which Rangers won all 18 of their Scottish league matches. He also represented Scotland at international level, winning four caps and scoring", "id": "13889025" }, { "contents": "Matt Hill (footballer)\n\n\nMatthew Clayton Hill (born 26 March 1981) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for Bradford Park Avenue. Born in Bristol, Hill started his career with Bristol City where he made over 200 appearances. He subsequently joined Preston North End where he also spent a successful spell, playing over 100 times for the Lancashire club. A move to Wolverhampton Wanderers followed but first team opportunities were more limited and he was loaned to Queens Park Rangers before leaving to join Barnsley. After only one season at the South Yorkshire club", "id": "15275700" }, { "contents": "Dennis O'Donnell\n\n\nDennis O'Donnell (q1 1880 – after 1908) was an English professional footballer who scored 41 goals from 167 appearances in the Football League playing as a forward for Lincoln City, Sunderland, Notts County and Bradford Park Avenue. He also played in the Southern League for Queens Park Rangers. O'Donnell was born in Willington Quay, then in Northumberland. He made his debut for Lincoln City on 5 October 1901 in a 2–1 win at home to Middlesbrough in the Football League Second Division, and played for the club until the end of", "id": "1332551" }, { "contents": "William McLachlan (footballer)\n\n\nWilliam McLachlan (born 19 March 1989) is a Scottish footballer currently playing for Irvine Meadow in the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region. He has previously played in the Scottish Football League First Division for Airdrie United and for Australian club Melbourne Knights in the Victorian Premier League. McLachlan began his career with Rangers and appeared for the Scotland U-16 team in a Victory Shield match against Northern Ireland in October 2004. In December 2008, he joined Airdrie United on loan. He made his debut against St Johnstone on 20 December.", "id": "18351658" }, { "contents": "Bruno Andrade (footballer, born 1993)\n\n\njoined Lincoln City for the 2018-19 League Two season for a free transfer on the 24th May 2018. Born in Portugal, Andrade joined the Queens Park Rangers academy at the age of 13. He made his debut for Queens Park Rangers against Preston North End on 20 November 2010. He then made his second appearance for the club against Blackburn Rovers in the FA Cup. He replaced Jamie Mackie who had broken his leg. He made a further two first-team appearances at the beginning of the 2011–12 season, including", "id": "14654306" }, { "contents": "John Walker (footballer, born 1873)\n\n\nscored the winning goal against West Bromwich Albion on the final day of the season to secure the title. Walker played another 18 times for Liverpool in 1901–02 before returning to Scotland to join Rangers, who had just won a fourth successive domestic title but were also facing financial troubles due to the reconstruction work required on their stadium after the recent 1902 Ibrox disaster. He scored at a rate of nearly a goal every two league games over his three seasons with the Glasgow club, and appeared in two further Scottish Cup finals. In", "id": "15474189" }, { "contents": "Charles Dennington\n\n\nCharles Dennington (born 7 October 1899, died 1943) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Beccles, Dennington played for Norwich City, Bradford City and Kirkley. He joined Norwich from his home town club, Beccles Town, and made his debut in a 1-1 draw against Queens Park Rangers in the Third Division (South) in August 1922, establishing himself as the Canaries' first choice ahead of William O'Hagen and Ernest Williamson. He missed just twenty League games over the next five", "id": "8086327" }, { "contents": "Davy McDougall\n\n\nside of 1899–00. He was also with Rangers without apparently making a first team appearance. In summer 1900 he joined Southern League Bristol City from Partick Thistle making his debut at outside left in a 0–2 defeat at Luton Town on 15 September 1900. He made 11 appearances scoring 2 goals playing on both right and left wings in season 1900–01 when Bristol City were runners up in the Southern League. He also played on both wings in 12 Western League games scoring 2 goals. He rejoined Rangers in the summer of 1901 making 4", "id": "20661422" }, { "contents": "Gordon Smith (footballer, born December 1954)\n\n\n. He was sold to Rangers in 1977 for £65,000. In his first season with Rangers, Smith won the domestic treble, scoring 27 goals from midfield. He also scored the winning goal in the 1978 Scottish League Cup Final, against Celtic. He was sold to Brighton & Hove Albion in 1980 for a record transfer fee of £440,000. He returned to Rangers on loan in December 1982, playing in the 1982 League Cup Final defeat by Celtic. Smith made three appearances during his loan spell, without scoring.", "id": "8508165" }, { "contents": "George Stewart (footballer, born 1932)\n\n\nGeorge Stewart (16 November 1932 – 22 May 1998) was a Scottish footballer, who played as a goalkeeper for Petershill Juniors, Raith Rovers, Stirling Albion, Montrose and Bradford City. Born in Larkhall in 1932, Stewart started his career with junior side Petershill. He was capped by the Scotland junior select team while with the club. He joined the senior game when he signed for Raith Rovers in 1952. He made 68 appearances in the Scottish Football League for three clubs in seven seasons, before moving to England to", "id": "22044872" }, { "contents": "Tommy Anderson (footballer)\n\n\nfor a fee of £1,000, but in November the same year he moved to Queen's Park Rangers. He had only played five league games for Bournemouth, scoring once. He went on to score 3 times in 10 league games for Rangers in the 1958–59 season. He moved again in July 1959, signing for Torquay United. He made his debut on 22 August 1959, the first day of the 1959–60 season, in a 2–1 home win against Doncaster Rovers. In his season with Torquay he played in nine league", "id": "2845776" }, { "contents": "Richard Edghill\n\n\nof Sun Jihai served to further limit Richard's opportunities at the club and he was released at the end of the 2001–02 promotion winning campaign, having made a total of 207 appearances for the club in nine years. Following his release Edghill had short unsuccessful spells with Wigan Athletic and Sheffield United before joining Queens Park Rangers in August 2003. In the 2005 close season Edghill joined Bradford City on a free transfer. At Bradford he scored twice; against Tranmere Rovers in the league and Barnsley in the FA Cup. He was one", "id": "9473165" }, { "contents": "John Blackwood (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\n, who then sold him to Football League Second Division club Woolwich Arsenal. After joining Woolwich Arsenal in May 1900, Blackwood scored on his debut, in a 2–1 win over Gainsborough Trinity on the opening day of the 1900–01 season. This was to be his only season with the club; he scored six goals in 17 league appearances. He also scored during his one appearance in the FA Cup, against Darwen on 5 January 1901. He left for Reading in May 1901. In November 1902, Blackwood joined Queens Park Rangers", "id": "4952881" }, { "contents": "David Amoo\n\n\nRobinson's first-team however, and made just two further substitute appeareances at Stadium MK before returning to Anfield on 23 February. On 28 February, he joined Championship side Hull City on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. He made his \"Tigers\" debut coming on as a replacement for Jay Simpson in a 1–0 win at Nottingham Forest on 5 March. He scored his first goal in senior football in a 1–1 draw at Queens Park Rangers on 25 April. Unable to break into Nigel Pearson's first-", "id": "5142268" }, { "contents": "Chris Brandon\n\n\nin Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, on 7 April 1976. He attended Yorkshire Martyrs Collegiate School in Bradford and supported the city's Football League team Bradford City. Brandon started his football career as a trainee for Bradford City, but he was dropped by their academy and joined non-league side Bradford Park Avenue. He later played for Farsley Celtic before joining Stafford Rangers. He played 32 times for Rangers over two seasons before returning to play for Bradford Park Avenue. In his two spells with Park Avenue, Brandon played", "id": "14931377" }, { "contents": "Sam Charnley\n\n\nSamuel \"Sam\" Charnley (18 November 1902 – 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for Wolverhampton Wanderers in the Football League. Born in Craigneuk, a suburb of Wishaw, North Lanarkshire, Charnley played for Burnbank Athletic before joining Wolverhampton Wanderers of the Football League Second Division in January 1925. He made his debut on 12 September 1925 in a 4–1 win against Portsmouth. After making 55 appearances in total, scoring once, he joined Midland League team York City in August 1928. He captained York in the 1928–29 season", "id": "10736957" }, { "contents": "Sébastien Faure (footballer)\n\n\n. Faure joined Rangers on a three-year deal pending international clearance on 21 August 2012. After the move, Faure says he joined Rangers because Manager Ally McCoist persuaded him to join. He made his debut against First Division side Falkirk in the Scottish League Cup on 30 August 2012. It was on 23 February 2013, when Faure scored his first ever senior goal. This came whilst playing Third Division Berwick Rangers and it contributed to a 3–1 win away from home. Faure had his first run out of the season in", "id": "5596733" }, { "contents": "Dave MacFarlane\n\n\nDave MacFarlane (16 January 1967 – 30 October 2013) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Kilmarnock. MacFarlane began his career with Ayr United Boys Club before joining Rangers. Whilst at Ibrox he made seven league appearances and picked up a winner's medal in October 1986 when he came on as a second-half substitute in Rangers 2-1 win over Celtic in the Scottish League Cup Final. MacFarlane also had loan spells with Kilmarnock and Dundee, before joining the former on a permanent", "id": "7049582" }, { "contents": "Rocco Quinn\n\n\nAugust 2009. His league debut was the 1–1 home draw a week later against Raith Rovers. He scored league goals that season in games against Ayr United, Partick Thistle and a double against Greenock Morton. The Palmerston Park side ended the season in fifth place. He also played on 23 September 2009 in the 2–1 home League Cup defeat against Rangers. In total Quinn made 35 competitive first team appearances in his first season. The QoS website confirmed on 18 June 2011 that Quinn had left and signed for Ross County. In", "id": "16760979" }, { "contents": "Tommy Kelso\n\n\nTommy Kelso (6 May 1882-29 January 1974) was a Scottish footballer who played as a full back for Manchester City between 1906 and 1911. Kelso started his career at Third Lanark before signing for Manchester City in 1906. He made his debut for Manchester City in September 1906 in a 4-1 defeat against Arsenal. He made 139 league appearances for Manchester City and scored 3 goals. He subsequently returned to Scotland and played for Dundee, Rangers and Dumbarton. He won one Scotland cap in 1914 in a 0", "id": "5742448" }, { "contents": "Luke Freeman\n\n\nLeague Trophy and League One titles during his first season with the team. He spent two-and-a-half years at Bristol City before joining Queens Park Rangers in January 2017. Freeman began his career at Charlton Athletic, joining the club's academy in 2001 after being scouted playing Sunday league youth football. He spent two years at Charlton before being released \"for being too small\". Following his release from Charlton, Freeman joined Gillingham at the age of 11. He made his first-team debut for Gillingham", "id": "8315727" }, { "contents": "David Provan (footballer, born 1941)\n\n\nDavid Provan (11 March 1941 – 26 November 2016) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for Rangers, Crystal Palace, Plymouth Argyle and St Mirren. Provan also played for Scotland and the Scottish League XI. Provan was a product of the Rangers youth team and played as a full back. He made his debut on 27 December 1958, in a league match away to Third Lanark which Rangers won 3-2. He helped the club win a domestic treble in 1963–4 and played in the 1967 European Cup Winners", "id": "926204" }, { "contents": "Neil Danns\n\n\ndeal. He had rejected an offer from Scottish Premier League club Rangers. Danns made his Leicester City debut, where he started the whole game, in a 1–0 win over Coventry City in the opening game of the season. He scored his first goal for Leicester City on 23 August 2011 in a 4–2 away win against Bury in the League Cup. Danns soon became a first team regular for the side at the start of the season, finding himself rotated. He scored his first league goal for the club against Blackpool in", "id": "141524" }, { "contents": "Billy Blunt\n\n\nWilliam Blunt (5 August 1886 – 1962) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Wolverhampton Wanderers and Bristol Rovers. Blunt joined Second Division Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1908 from nearby non-league side Stafford Rangers. He made his Football League debut on 28 November 1908 in a 1–2 defeat at Oldham Athletic. He scored two in his second appearance (against Clapton Orient) and ended the season with 8 goals. The 1909–10 campaign saw him score 27 goals, making him the club's top goalscorer for the season", "id": "5433307" }, { "contents": "Gordon Ashcroft\n\n\nGordon Aschroft (7 September 1902 – after 1930) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Lea, Lancashire, he played for Coppull Central before joining Football League First Division side Burnley in November 1925. He made his debut for the club on 7 December 1925 in the 3–1 win against Birmingham at Turf Moor. Ashcroft failed to make another first-team appearance for Burnley and was released at the end of the 1926–27 season. In August 1927 he signed for Burscough Rangers, and then played for", "id": "5652868" }, { "contents": "Raul Correia\n\n\ngoal for Guiseley on 16 September in a 1–1 draw away to Wrexham after guiding Will Hatfield's deflected shot from distance past goalkeeper Luke Coddington. Correia made his final appearance in a 4–0 defeat away to Tranmere Rovers on 30 December, and returned to his parent club two days later. On 11 January 2018, Correia joined National League North club York City on loan for the remainder of the season. Two days later, he made his debut by starting in a 2–1 home win against Bradford Park Avenue. He scored his first", "id": "12088537" }, { "contents": "Bobby Main\n\n\nRobert Frame Main (10 February 1909 – 30 March 1985) was a Scottish professional football player, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Main began his career at local team Baillieston Juniors and joined Rangers in 1929, initially as understudy to Sandy Archibald. He was in and out of the side for four years before becoming a regular in 1933. During his spell at the club he won two Scottish league championships, two Scottish Cups, three Glasgow Cups and two Charity Cups. He made 158 appearances for Rangers", "id": "12825737" }, { "contents": "Ian McColl\n\n\nfinal appearance for Rangers was in the 1960 Scottish Cup Final, a 2–0 win against Kilmarnock. He made a total of 526 appearances for the Glasgow club. He also won 14 caps for Scotland and represented the Scottish League XI. After his playing career, he quickly went into management. He was appointed manager of Scotland in 1960 and enjoyed a winning start, beating Northern Ireland 5–2 at Hampden Park. Under McColl's managership, Scotland won British Home Championships in 1962 and 1963. The team beat England 2–0 at Hampden and", "id": "14525157" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Sharp\n\n\nyear later, in 1905 he was snapped up by Woolwich Arsenal of the First Division and promptly became a regular in the side after making his debut against Liverpool on 2 September 1905. He missed only three league games in his first season and reached the FA Cup semi-finals twice in his first two seasons. At Arsenal Sharp also won another three Scotland caps, before Rangers prised him away in April 1908 for £400. In total he played 116 games for Arsenal, scoring 5 goals. His spell at Rangers only", "id": "17959164" }, { "contents": "Craig Beattie\n\n\nplayed a competitive game in two months he missed the game against Dundee United on 25 February as was not match fit. After scoring twice in a bounce game, he made his debut as a substitute on 3 March against Rangers in a 2–1 win at Ibrox. He scored his first goal for Hearts in a 2–2 draw with St Mirren in the Scottish Cup 6th round at Tynecaste on 10 March. He had a second goal in the same match wrongfully ruled out for offside. In just his second league appearance for the club", "id": "12813032" }, { "contents": "Vladimír Weiss (footballer, born 1989)\n\n\nsubstitute. On 19 August 2010, Weiss joined Scottish side Rangers on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. Prior to signing for Rangers, Weiss rejected a move to their city rivals Celtic. He made his Rangers debut against Hibernian at Easter Road on 22 August coming on as a substitute for James Beattie, setting up the second goal with Rangers going on to win 3–0. He scored his first goal for Rangers in a 4–1 home win against Motherwell and five days later made his Champions League debut against Valencia, providing", "id": "535578" }, { "contents": "Ralph Brand\n\n\nplayed his last match for Rangers on 23 April 1965 when he scored the only goal in a 1–0 win over Third Lanark in the final League game of the season. Brand was sold to Manchester City in August that year for £30,000. Two years later he moved to Sunderland before returning to Scottish football at Raith Rovers (managed by his friend Jimmy Millar). He retired in 1970, although he would come out of retirement to play a handful of matches for Hamilton Academical in 1971–72. Brand played for Scotland eight times", "id": "16219219" } ]

[ { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nTommy Cairns (30 October 1890 – 30 November 1967) was a Scottish footballer who played for Bristol City, Peebles Rovers, St Johnstone, Rangers, Bradford City and Scotland. Born in Merryton, Lanarkshire, Cairns made his name in Junior football, helping Burnbank Athletic to the Scottish Junior Cup in 1911. He also appeared for Larkhall Thistle before earning an opportunity in the senior leagues. His first professional club was Bristol City where he played for two seasons from 1911. He joined Peebles Rovers in 1913 and had a short", "id": "21330844" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nan ever-present and scored 11 goals. Cairns enjoyed further League title successes in 1919–20, 1920–21, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1924–25 and 1926–27 before joining Bradford City in 1927. His final Rangers appearance was in a 2–1 win over Queen's Park on 1 March 1927. In his time with Bradford he made 135 appearances and won a Division Three North medal in 1929. He retired from football in 1932 and later worked as a scout for Arsenal. Cairns was also capped at international level, making eight Scotland appearances. He", "id": "21330846" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nspell with St Johnstone before joining Rangers in November 1913. He made his debut against Hamilton Academical on 27 December 1913 and played a total of nine games in his first season as Rangers finished second to rivals Celtic in Division One. Cairns was a regular in the Rangers team the following season, missing just one league game. He continued to be a regular in the team for the next two seasons but it was in season 1917–18 that he won his first League title (Rangers' first for five years). Cairns was", "id": "21330845" }, { "contents": "Kevin Cairns (footballer)\n\n\nin September 1960, making his debut that month in a Scottish Football League match against St Johnstone. After being a first team regular in his first season, Cairns made only one appearance in 1961–62 and was given a free transfer by Dundee United in May 1962. He signed for Southport in August 1962, going on to make 206 appearances in the Football League over the next six years. He then played non-league football for Wigan Athletic, where he played four games in the Cheshire League, and made a further five", "id": "20271756" }, { "contents": "Sandy Archibald\n\n\nRangers won the League title for the first time in 5 seasons. Archibald went on to win thirteen league titles in his seventeen seasons with the Glasgow club. He also won three Scottish Cup medals, the first of which was Rangers' first in 25 years and Archibald scored twice in the final as Rangers defeated Celtic 4–0 at Hampden. His final appearance for Rangers was in a 1–1 draw away to Queen's Park on 30 April 1934. He made 580 appearances for Rangers. Archibald won a total of 8 caps for Scotland", "id": "9747370" }, { "contents": "Arthur Dixon (footballer, born 1892)\n\n\nfirst goal for the club on 8 March 1919 in a 3–0 league win against Hamilton Academical. He enjoyed a benefit match at Ibrox Park on 10 September 1923. A crowd of 10,000 watched Rangers draw 1–1 with Liverpool. The Rangers side was: Hamilton (goalkeeper), Manderson, Meiklejohn, Dixon, McCandless, Archibald, Muirhead, Morton, Hansen, Cairns. The goalscorer for Rangers was Hansen. In total he made 361 appearances (326 league and 35 Scottish Cup) for the club. He scored eight goals (", "id": "11923821" }, { "contents": "Bert Manderson\n\n\nBert Manderson (9 May 1893 – 27 April 1946) was an Irish footballer, who played for Rangers and Ireland. Manderson, a right-back, made his Rangers debut in a 1-1 draw with Aberdeen on 27 March 1915. He had joined Rangers from Glenavon for £150. He previously had spells at Cliftonville and Belfast Celtic. He went on to make 370 league appearances (452 in total) in 12 seasons with the club, winning seven Scottish league titles. Manderson left Rangers to join Bradford Park", "id": "21502381" }, { "contents": "Archie Devine\n\n\nScotland, but he never played for the national side again. He also made one appearance for the Scottish League XI in that season, in a 3–2 win against the English Football League XI. In April 1910 he moved south of the border to Bradford City, and was part of the side that won the 1911 FA Cup Final against Newcastle United. He stayed at Bradford for nearly three years before joining Woolwich Arsenal. He made his debut for Arsenal against Chelsea on 15 February 1913, and was part of the team that", "id": "20302147" }, { "contents": "James Stewart (footballer, born 1883)\n\n\nhe played in the losing side in the final against Bradford City. He made his third, and final, England appearance against Scotland on 1 April 1911 and again scored in a 1–1 draw. All three of his international appearances thus ended 1–1. He continued to be a regular member of the Newcastle side until he was sold to Rangers in 1913 for £600. In his Newcastle career he made a total of 138 appearances with 53 goals. In May 1914 he returned to his native north-east, and non-", "id": "11906121" }, { "contents": "George Waddell\n\n\nGeorge Barr Waddell (29 November 1888 – 17 September 1966) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Scottish Football League for Rangers and in the Football League in England for Bradford City, Preston North End, Oldham Athletic, Birmingham and New Brighton. He played as a wing half. Waddell was born in Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire. He began his football career in junior football before joining Rangers in 1909. He made his debut in Division One on 26 April 1909 in a 3–2 defeat to Queen's Park. Over the", "id": "656965" }, { "contents": "Andrew Shinnie\n\n\ninternational debut for Scotland in November 2012, in a 2–1 win over Luxembourg. Shinnie made his first team debut for Rangers on 17 March 2007, coming on as a substitute for Dado Pršo in a Scottish Premier League match against Aberdeen. On the same day, he scored two goals for Rangers' under-19 team against St Mirren under-19s. In April, he scored the first goal in the 5–0 win over rivals Celtic as Rangers won the 2007 Scottish Youth Cup Final. He went on to sign a new three-year professional", "id": "14751617" }, { "contents": "Bobby McKean\n\n\nRobert Munro McKean (8 December 1952 – 15 March 1978) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for St Mirren and Rangers. He appeared in one full international match for Scotland, in 1976. McKean started his career at local club Blantyre Victoria before moving to St Mirren in 1969. After five seasons in Paisley he joined Rangers for £50,000 in September 1974. He enjoyed a successful spell in Govan and won the league twice in his first two seasons. He was also part of the 1976 Scottish Cup Final winning", "id": "303577" }, { "contents": "Andy Cunningham (footballer)\n\n\n1918–19. In total, he made 389 appearances and scored 182 goals for Rangers. He won 7 League titles and played in Rangers' famous 1928 Scottish Cup final triumph where they defeated Celtic 4–0 to win their first Scottish Cup in 25 years. Cunningham was also capped at international level, playing 12 times for Scotland and scoring 5 goals. He lost just one of his 12 games for Scotland. Cunningham also represented the Scottish League XI 10 times. Cunningham moved to Newcastle United in 1928, becoming the then oldest player to", "id": "19975016" }, { "contents": "Archie Mitchell (footballer)\n\n\nthe team win the Birmingham & District League title in the 1905–06 and 1906–07 seasons. Mitchell departed Villa in 1907. On 2 May 1907, Mitchell joined Southern League First Division club Queens Park Rangers. He had a good start to his career with the Hoops, winning the 1907–08 First Division title in his debut season. A further First Division title was won in 1911–12, with the Charity Shield being lost 2–1 to Football League First Division champions Blackburn Rovers. He remained with Queens Park Rangers through to 1921 and finally made his", "id": "9272843" }, { "contents": "James Bowie (footballer)\n\n\nJames Bowie (9 July 1888 – 7 August 1972) was a Scottish football player and football administrator, who played for and was chairman of Rangers. He began his career at Maryhill Juniors and joined Rangers in December 1910 from Queen's Park. He made his debut against Falkirk on 10 December 1910. During his time at the club he won six League championships and played in a total of 351 competitive games, scoring 70 goals. Bowie won two Scotland caps in 1920, and also played in three wartime internationals in 1919", "id": "4895542" }, { "contents": "James Vaughan (footballer, born 1988)\n\n\n. He made his second debut for the club in the 1–0 defeat by Nottingham Forest on 3 August. After scoring two goals in the League Cup win over Bradford City on 6 August, he scored his first league goal on his return in the 1–1 draw with Queens Park Rangers on 10 August. On 24 August, he scored a hat-trick in a 5–1 win against A.F.C. Bournemouth. Vaughan joined fellow Championship club Birmingham City on 26 November 2015, on loan until 2 January 2016. He made his debut as a", "id": "14499593" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Smith (footballer, born 1911)\n\n\ncontinued their dominance of Scottish football. Smith also collected his first Scottish Cup medal, scoring in a 5-0 defeat of St Mirren in the final at Hampden. Success for Smith and Rangers continued. The League title was again won in 1934–35 with Smith scoring 43 goals in 38 matches, including 6 in a 7-1 defeat of Dunfermline Athletic. He also collected his second Scottish Cup medal, scoring twice in the 2-1 against Hamilton Academical in the final. Rangers went on to win two of the next", "id": "14794886" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\na 4–2 win over Motherwell at the start of the 1946–47 season. He made a total of 13 league appearances in his first season, including a 4–1 win over Hamilton Academical in the last match, as Rangers beat Hibernian to clinch the League title. In the following season, 1947–48, Cox was an ever present as Rangers finished second to Hibs in the league, and won the Scottish Cup after a 1–0 win over Greenock Morton. Cox also netted his first Rangers goal during the season, scoring in a 2–1 win over", "id": "14907540" }, { "contents": "Andrew Little (footballer)\n\n\nas making one appearance for the \"B\" team, he won his first senior cap in March 2009, and appeared nine times in total. A former Ballinamallard United player, he moved from Northern Ireland to Scotland in 2006 to join the Rangers Academy. He scored for the \"Gers\" in the club's Scottish Youth Cup final victory over Old Firm rival's Celtic at Hampden Park in 2008. That season he also helped the club to top the SPFL Development League. He made his senior debut as a substitute for", "id": "5532587" }, { "contents": "Jim Eadie\n\n\nJames Eadie (born 4 February 1947) is a Scottish former professional footballer. During his career, he made over 200 appearances in the Football League in spells with Cardiff City, Chester and Bristol Rovers. Eadie began his career at Rangers but never made a first team appearance for the club, moving to Dumbarton where he played a handful of matches before joining Kirkintilloch Rob Roy. It wasn't until he moved south to play in The Football League that he began to play regular football. He signed for Cardiff City in 1969", "id": "15683889" }, { "contents": "Andrew McAtee\n\n\nconscripted in 1917 and served in Italy. On returning to Scotland McAtee resumed his successful football career with Celtic, participating in two further league title-winning seasons for a total of six. He also featured in a further Scottish Cup victory in 1923, twelve years after his first in 1911, and won four Glasgow Cups, scoring the winning goal against Clyde in the 1920-21 final. He made one appearance for Scotland in 1913 versus Wales but was selected more frequently for the Scottish League XI, playing in seven games", "id": "872940" }, { "contents": "Bobby Russell (footballer, born 1957)\n\n\nRobert Russell (born 11 February 1957 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Russell joined Rangers from Shettleston Juniors in 1977 and made his first team debut against Aberdeen on 13 August that year, aged only 20. The game ended in a 3–1 defeat, however Rangers went on to win the treble that season and Russell cemented his place on the right side of the midfield. He made 370 appearances for the club and won a league championship, two Scottish Cups", "id": "82295" }, { "contents": "Aaron Ramsey\n\n\nMifsud. On 26 April, he scored his first league goal in a 3–3 draw against Burnley. He went on to make his first career league start three weeks later in a 3–1 win over Queens Park Rangers and began to establish himself in the first team, making several more starts in the Cardiff side. He made a total of 22 appearances during the season, his first full season of professional football, and played in five of the club's six FA Cup matches, including the final, becoming the second youngest player", "id": "12732777" }, { "contents": "Daniel Bruce (footballer)\n\n\nCup Final against Queen's Park. The final as scheduled finished as a 1–1 draw; in the replay, Bruce opened the scoring for Vale of Leven but Queen's came back to win 2–1. Soon afterwards, and while still a teenager, Bruce was capped for Scotland. His first and what turned out to be only international appearance came on 22 March 1890 against Wales in the British Home Championship; Scotland won 5–0. He moved to Rangers in 1891 and played four games in the Scottish Football League at the start of", "id": "4264595" }, { "contents": "Joe Hutton (footballer)\n\n\nJoseph \"Joe\" Hutton (18 November 1927 – April 1999) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Gillingham, Millwall, Reading and Stoke City. Hutton was born in Dundee and began his career in England with Reading. He only made eight appearances for the \"Royals\" before going back to Scotland to play for Ayr United. He and Ayr team-mate Bobby Cairns joined Stoke City in 1953. Hutton made an instant impact at the Victoria Ground scoring in his first three matches for the club", "id": "8572530" }, { "contents": "Alex Venters\n\n\nAlexander Venters (9 June 1913 – 30 April 1959) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Cowdenbeath, Rangers and Scotland. Alex Venters, an inside forward, joined Rangers in November 1933 after his first club Cowdenbeath. He spent a total of 13 years at Ibrox Park, winning three Scottish league titles (1935, 1937 and 1939), two Scottish Cups (1935, 1936) and scoring 102 goals in 201 appearances. 18 of these 102 goals came against Celtic in various competitions. In the last season before", "id": "9812289" }, { "contents": "Matt Fry\n\n\nreturned to West Ham having made 32 appearances, scoring one goal, for Charlton. Fry had his contract cancelled by mutual consent with West Ham on 2 February 2012 allowing him to seek first-team football on a regular basis. On 10 February 2012, Fry joined League Two club Bradford City on a free transfer. He made his debut in a 1–1 draw at home to Port Vale on 14 February 2012, in which he played 79 minutes before being substituted. After leaving Bradford, Fry played for Concord Rangers, helping", "id": "20258156" }, { "contents": "Alex Bennett (footballer)\n\n\nand also worked as a sports journalist. He died in Glasgow in 1940. Bennett was capped eleven times for Scotland, gaining three caps while at Celtic and the remaining eight while at Rangers. He made his Scotland debut against Wales in March 1904 and scored his first international goal, again against Wales, four years later. He scored his second international goal in his final Scotland appearance, against Ireland in March 1913. He also appeared ten times in representative matches for the Scottish Football League. At the age of 39 he", "id": "7795002" }, { "contents": "Robert Campbell (footballer, born 1882)\n\n\nRobert Campbell (1882 – 13 March 1931) was a Scottish footballer who played for Partick Thistle, Rangers, Millwall Athletic and Bradford City. He was a full back who won the 1911 FA Cup with Bradford. Born in Lugar in 1882, Campbell started his football career with Partick Thistle, with whom he won a Scottish League representative honour, before moving to Rangers in 1903. He played for Rangers until 1905, making nine appearances and scoring once before he moved to England and Millwall Athletic in the Southern League. He", "id": "15446261" }, { "contents": "Matthew Dickie\n\n\nMatthew Dickie (19 August 1873 – 30 December 1959) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Rangers. Dickie made his Rangers debut against St Mirren in a 5-1 home win at Ibrox on 15 August 1896. He played 126 league matches from a possible 132 in an amazing spell during his time at the club. He went on to make 175 first class appearances in total. Dickie won four League championships, 3 Scottish Cups, 5 Glasgow Cups and represented Scotland three times.", "id": "4766083" }, { "contents": "Michael O'Halloran (footballer)\n\n\nwin over Forfar Athletic. He scored again in Saints' final home game of the season, to conclude a 3–3 draw with former club Celtic. O'Halloran won the Scottish Premiership player of the month award for November 2015. St Johnstone rejected two bids from Rangers for O'Halloran in January 2016. Manager Tommy Wright then left O'Halloran out of their following league game, saying that O'Halloran was not \"mentally ready\" to play. O'Halloran made his final appearance for the club in a 2–1 defeat to Hibernian in the Scottish League Cup semi", "id": "9744181" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Millar (footballer, born 1870)\n\n\ntwo different spells: 1890–96 (winning three Football League championships in four seasons) and 1900–04 (claiming a fourth title), separated by a stint in his homeland at Rangers where he won two Scottish Football League titles and two Scottish Cups. Overall he made 260 appearances for Sunderland, scoring 123 goals. At the time of his death he was the trainer for Chelsea. Millar was capped for Scotland three times between 1897 and 1898 during his time with Rangers, scoring twice, both in matches against England; his first was", "id": "14464136" }, { "contents": "Joe Hendry\n\n\nJoe Hendry was a Scottish football player. Hendry played for Rangers, Greenock Morton and St Johnstone amongst other clubs during his career. Hendry began playing football with Maryhill FC. He joined Greenock Morton in 1907 and stayed there for two years before signing for Rangers. Hendry made his debut in a 1–0 win at home on 23 April 1910 against Clyde and during his eight-year spell with the club Hendry made 147 appearances and scored 7 goals. After leaving Rangers he had spells with Dumbarton, Third Lanark, St Johnstone and", "id": "17804993" }, { "contents": "Gordon Rae\n\n\nGordon Rae (born 3 May 1958) is a retired Scottish footballer, who played mainly as a defender for Hibernian, Partick Thistle, Hamilton Academical and Meadowbank Thistle. He also played sometimes as a centre forward, scoring over 50 goals in the Scottish Football League in his career. Rae signed for Hibernian as a 17-year-old from Whitehill Welfare in 1975. He made his first team debut two years later, and scored in a 2–0 win against Rangers at Ibrox in his second appearance. He became club captain, appeared", "id": "6510043" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Johnstone\n\n\narrival at Celtic, Stein had doubts about Johnstone, considering him too much of an individual player, to the overall detriment of the team, and he left him out of the team for the 1965 Scottish Cup Final. Johnstone soon won Stein round with his skill, and won his first winner's medal on 23 October 1965 when he played in Celtic's 2–1 win over Rangers in the Scottish League Cup Final. His 32 league appearances and nine goals that season helped Celtic win their first league title in 12 years. Johnstone", "id": "811424" }, { "contents": "Eddie Rutherford\n\n\nEdward 'Eddie' Rutherford (8 February 1921 – 29 August 2007) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers, Hearts and Scotland. Born in Govan, Scotland, Rutherford joined Rangers from Mossvale in 1941 but during the Second World War he was posted to England so he guested for Lincoln City and Bradford City. He played three games for Bradford in 1944–45 in the Football League War Cup North section. After he had completed his service, Rutherford returned to Rangers and made his first appearance for the club on 19 October", "id": "14506034" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\n1954 Cox played his last match for Scotland, as he captained the team at Hampden in a 4–2 defeat by England in front on 134,544 spectators. 1954–55 was Cox's last season at Rangers as he made only 15 first-team appearances. He made his final Rangers appearance in a 2–1 defeat to Aberdeen on 19 February 1955. Cox made a total of 370 appearances for Rangers, won 25 caps for Scotland and 13 caps for the Scottish League XI. After his Rangers career, Cox had a spell with East Fife before", "id": "14907543" }, { "contents": "Gary Warren (footballer)\n\n\ngame of the season, Warren made his debut in a 2–2 draw against St Mirren. Two-months later on 22 December 2012, he scored his first goal for Inverness in a 4–1 win over Dundee. In the quarter-final of the Scottish League Cup, he scored his second goal for Inverness in a 3–0 win over Rangers, helping the club to reach the semi-final. In the first part of the season, Warren and his teammates struggled as the club found themselves near the foot of the table,", "id": "16107731" }, { "contents": "Ronnie McKinnon\n\n\nRonald McKinnon (born 20 August 1940 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who played for Rangers and the Scotland national team. MacKinnon, a defender, made his Rangers debut against Hearts on 8 March 1961 in a 3–0 win at Ibrox. He went on to make 473 appearances for Rangers between 1961 and 1972, winning two League championships, four Scottish Cups, three League Cups and a Cup Winners' Cup. He also won a total of 28 caps for Scotland, making his debut in the famous 1", "id": "19851592" }, { "contents": "James Marshall (footballer, born 1908)\n\n\nDr James Marshall (3 January 1908 — 27 December 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for both Rangers and Arsenal as well as the Scotland national side. He played as an inside forward. Marshall was born in Avonbridge, Stirlingshire and joined Rangers from Shettleston in 1925. During his nine-year spell at Ibrox he amassed five League championships and three Scottish Cups. He also won three Scotland caps, all of them against England between 1932 and 1934. In total he scored 138 goals in 257 league appearances for Rangers", "id": "4895243" }, { "contents": "Thomas Murray (footballer)\n\n\nThomas Murray (7 April 1889 – 1976) was an English professional footballer who played as a inside right. Born in Middlesbrough, Murray spent his early career with Middlesbrough, Aberdeen, Rangers and Heart of Midlothian. At Hearts he scored 12 goals in 28 league games between August 1911 and April 1912. He joined Bradford City in June 1912. He made 6 league appearances for Bradford City, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in February 1914 to join Hull City. For Hull he made a further 2 league appearances", "id": "5167081" }, { "contents": "Ernie Thompson (footballer, born 1909)\n\n\n, scoring once in a 2–2 draw; his only other appearance came a week later in a 1–0 home win over Crewe Alexandra. At the end of the season, Thompson joined Second Division Bristol City, but never made a first-team appearance, instead spending his single season with the club playing in the reserves in both the Western Section of the Southern Football League and the Western Football League First Division. He left before the end of the 1929–30 season in February 1930 to join Bath City, playing for them in the", "id": "16156938" }, { "contents": "Alan Morton\n\n\n\"\" (insurance salesman). Morton had already been capped while an amateur before joining Rangers (making his debut for Scotland on 26 February 1920 against Wales) but would go on to play in every international against the \"Auld Enemy\", England, from 1920 to 1932 bar the fixture at Old Trafford in 1926, eventually winning 31 caps. In addition he made 15 appearances (scoring 1 goal) for the Scottish League XI (making his debut on 22 February 1919 against the Football League at St. Andrews, Birmingham", "id": "6451273" }, { "contents": "Dan Thomson\n\n\nDaniel Thomson (born 10 August 1891 in Dundee) was a Scottish professional footballer. Thomson began his career with Aberdeen before moving on to St Johnstone from where he joined Bristol City in the 1925-26 season. He spent the following season with Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic before joining Torquay United in 1927. He played in United's first match in the Football League, a 1-1 draw with local rivals Exeter City at Plainmoor on 27 August 1927. He played in the next eight games for Torquay before losing his place", "id": "2040384" }, { "contents": "Jack Smith (footballer, born 1895)\n\n\nwinning the Scottish Cup in 1920, including scoring the third goal for Kilmarnock in the final when they defeated his former team, Albion Rovers, 3–2. Following a disagreement with Kilmarnock, Smith joined Cowdenbeath, where during 1921–22, he netted 45 goals as they finished runners-up in Division Two. At the season's end he joined Rangers for £3,000, making his debut at Ibrox Park on 15 August 1922, scoring in a 2–0 victory over Alloa Athletic. He only made two further appearances for Rangers, scoring once", "id": "17284045" }, { "contents": "Peter Thomson (footballer)\n\n\nIn two seasons at Kenilworth Road he made 11 League appearances, scoring 3 goals. Scoring twice against Stoke City in a memorable 3-1 away win. He also played two League games whilst on loan at Rushden & Diamonds, scoring once on his debut. He had a brief spell with Morecambe, scoring against Dagenham & Redbridge on his home debut with an overhead kick. Thomson joined Southport in July 2002. He returned to Lancaster City in December 2003 and enjoyed further success with Stafford Rangers in the summer of 2005.", "id": "8805355" }, { "contents": "John McPherson (footballer, born 1868)\n\n\nMcPherson also won three Scottish Cup medals with Rangers, the first in 1894, where he scored in five of Rangers' six matches, including the 3–1 final win over Celtic at Hampden. McPherson also scored in the 1897 final, where Rangers defeated Dumbarton 5–1. His third Scottish Cup winners medal came a year later, 1898, where Rangers defeated McPherson's former club Kilmarnock 2–0. His final recorded appearance for Rangers was in a 2–0 friendly defeat to Glentoran on 2 April 1902. McPherson was also a Scottish International, winning", "id": "8242049" }, { "contents": "James Cairns (forward)\n\n\nJames Cairns (\"unknown\" – \"unknown\") was a footballer who played at inside right for several English clubs, including Lincoln City and Newton Heath in the late 1890s. Cairns began his football career with Stevenston Thistle in 1895, before moving to Glossop North End. In September 1897, he joined Football League side Lincoln City, but before he made an appearance for the club, he had moved on to Newton Heath in April 1898. It took Cairns six months to make his debut for the Heathens, eventually", "id": "22214514" }, { "contents": "Andy Neil\n\n\nAndrew Neil (18 November 1892 – 14 August 1941) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 328 Football League appearances playing as an inside forward or wing half for Brighton & Hove Albion (two spells), Arsenal and Queens Park Rangers. Neil was born in Crosshouse, near Kilmarnock in Ayrshire. He joined Kilmarnock of Division One from junior club Ardeer Thistle, and made his debut on 12 April 1913 away to Motherwell. He played regularly in his second season, and in 1914–15, his 20 goals placed him sixth in", "id": "2233011" }, { "contents": "Ernest Myers (footballer)\n\n\nErnest Myers, also known as Colin Myers, was an English professional footballer who played as an inside left. Born in Chapeltown, Sheffield, Myers spent his early career with Northfleet, Crystal Palace and Hickleton Main Colliery. He joined Bradford City in April 1914, and made 1 league appearance for the club, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in May 1920 to join Southend United, where he scored 2 goals in 23 league games. He later played for Aberdare Athletic, Northampton Town, Queens Park Rangers, Exeter", "id": "5167086" }, { "contents": "Billy Bennett (footballer, born 1955)\n\n\nthen over a year before Bennett made another senior appearance, when he again scored in a 3–0 Hearts win over Berwick Rangers in the final of the East of Scotland Shield. He made his league debut for Hearts on 16 November 1974 in the 1–3 defeat away at Arbroath. Bennett left Hearts in the summer of 1976 to sign for Third Division outfit Berwick Rangers. In two seasons with The Borderers, he played 69 league matches and scored 8 goals. At the start of the 1978–79 season, Bennett joined Forfar Athletic. He", "id": "17097673" }, { "contents": "Jerome Thomas\n\n\nhe scored a goal in the final over Blackburn Rovers. He was loaned out to Second Division side Queens Park Rangers in the 2001–02 and 2002–03 seasons. He made his debut in the Football League on 30 March 2002, in a 3–2 win over Tranmere Rovers at Prenton Park. He scored his first professional goal on 6 April, the only goal of the game against Swindon Town at the County Ground in a 1–0 win for QPR. During his second loan spell in October 2002, he scored long distance goals away at Cheltenham", "id": "9097657" }, { "contents": "Willie Reid (footballer)\n\n\nEngland with Portsmouth. Reid returned to Scotland in April 1909 when signed by Rangers, where he won three league titles in eleven seasons. He was the club's top scorer for six consecutive seasons, between 1910 and 1916. He received all his caps for Scottish national side while with Rangers. Reid made his Scotland debut in a 2–2 draw with Wales in 1911 and earned his last cap three years later, against England. Reid also represented the Scottish League XI. His football career was interrupted by the First World War,", "id": "15187335" }, { "contents": "Stephen McGinn\n\n\nRangers, where St Mirren won 1–0, the team's first home league win over Rangers in 22 years. McGinn started the 2009–10 season on bench in the Scottish League Cup game but then went on to score on his first start of the season in a 2–1 loss to Hibernian on 15 August 2009. He continued his season with a brace against Kilmarnock at Rugby Park, where The Buddies came from behind to win 2–1. McGinn signed for Watford in January 2010, for an undisclosed fee. He made his first Watford appearance", "id": "14258787" }, { "contents": "Anthony Ralston\n\n\nAnthony Ralston (born 16 November 1998) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Celtic. He also spent several months on loan at Queens Park in 2015 and at Dundee United in 2018. Ralston made his debut for the Celtic first team on 11 May 2016, in a 2–1 defeat against St Johnstone. He scored his first goal for Celtic in a 5–0 Scottish League Cup win over Kilmarnock on 8 August 2017. He made some further appearances early in the 2017–18 season, including a Champions League match against Paris Saint-", "id": "17673352" }, { "contents": "Sam Gallacher\n\n\nSamuel Gallacher (born 23 December 1904) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a centre half. Born in Annbank, Gallacher played for Larkfield Juniors and Cadzow St. Anne's in his native Scotland, before moving to England to join Bradford City in May 1924. For Bradford City he made 40 appearances in the Football League, scoring 2 goals. He left the club in August 1927 to join Crystal Palace. He later played for Lincoln City, making 13 appearances in the Football League as well as one FA Cup appearance", "id": "4883696" }, { "contents": "Julien Rodriguez\n\n\nJulien Rodriguez (born 11 June 1978 in Béziers, France) is a French former professional footballer who played as a defender. Rodriguez started his career at AS Monaco, making 135 appearances for the club and helping them to reach the 2004 Champions League final. He joined Scottish Premier League club Rangers in August 2005 for £1m. He scored his first goal for Rangers on 11 March 2006 in Rangers' 4–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Ibrox Stadium and made a total of 30 appearances in his debut season with the club.", "id": "11830556" }, { "contents": "Mark Williams (Scottish footballer)\n\n\n-year contract by his former St Mirren manager Danny Lennon. Nine days later he made his debut, playing the full 90 minutes as they won 1–0 at Highland League team Brora Rangers in the first round of the Scottish Challenge Cup. On 8 August he played his first league game, a 3–1 loss away to Queen of the South. In February 2016, he moved on loan to Arbroath in Scottish League Two; on 12 March he scored his first career goal to conclude a 3–0 win over East Stirlingshire at Gayfield Park", "id": "15479008" }, { "contents": "Jack Blackman (English footballer)\n\n\nJohn James Blackman (25 November 1912 – 1987) was an English retired professional footballer who played in the Football League for Crystal Palace and Queens Park Rangers as a forward. He also played non-league football for Guildford City. Blackman began his career at Queens Park Rangers and in October 1935, signed for Crystal Palace, then playing in the Football League Third Division South. He made a goal-scoring debut in November in a home 5–0 win against Millwall and went on to make 27 appearances that season scoring 19 times", "id": "13124108" }, { "contents": "Paul Bennett (footballer, born 1961)\n\n\nPaul Bennett (born 30 January 1961) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Port Vale. Bennett was an Everton youth team player before joining Port Vale in September 1978. He made his debut as a substitute in a 1–1 draw with Peterborough United at London Road on 1 November 1980, and three weeks later he scored his first goal in a 4–2 win over Bradford City. He went on to play 26 Fourth Division games in the 1980–81 season, and scored his first goal in the Football League", "id": "4265172" }, { "contents": "Nicol Smith\n\n\nNicol Smith (25 December 1873 – 6 January 1905) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers. Born in Darvel, Ayrshire, Smith played as a fullback for local sides Vale of Irvine, Royal Albert and Darvel, earning junior international selection, before joining Rangers in 1893. He made only two league appearances in his first season at the club, but by 1893–94, he had established himself in the Rangers team, missing just one of the 18 league fixtures. During that season he was also responsible for bringing Alex", "id": "20560230" }, { "contents": "Bill Paterson (footballer, born 1930)\n\n\nthe proceeds adding to the transfer deal. He had a relatively unsuccessful three years on Tyneside and so returned to Scotland to join Rangers for £3,500. His debut came on 13 August 1958 in a 2-1 home league win against Partick Thistle. That was the first of three appearances that he would make that entire season. Overall Paterson did go on to make 116 top team appearances for the club and won two Scottish league championships. He also claimed a Scottish Cup, a Scottish League Cup, a Charity Cup winners", "id": "14236809" }, { "contents": "David McClure (footballer)\n\n\nDavid McClure was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a right-back who had spells in Scotland, Ireland and England. He was born in Slamannan, Stirlingshire, but began his footballing career in Ireland with Glenavon. McClure then returned to Scotland to play Junior league football with Dunipace, before joining Scottish Football League club St Johnstone in 1924. In June 1927, he was signed by Football League Third Division North club Nelson and made his debut for the club on 24 September 1927 in the 2–1 win against Durham City.", "id": "19923020" }, { "contents": "Arthur Adey\n\n\nArthur Lewis Adey (1 March 1930 - January 1994) was a Scottish professional association football player of the 1950s. Born in Glasgow, he was a centre forward and began his professional career with Doncaster Rovers and later played for Gillingham and Bradford Park Avenue. He made 68 appearances in The Football League and scored 15 goals. He signed for Doncaster Rovers in September 1950, following his move from Bishop Auckland and made his professional debut in Division Two on 14 April 1951 against Queens Park Rangers. In 1954, after three more", "id": "17203075" }, { "contents": "Billy Hogg\n\n\nWilliam Hogg (29 May 1879 – 30 January 1937) was an English footballer who played at outside right, winning the Football League championship with Sunderland in 1901–02, before moving to Scotland where he won the Scottish League title three times with Rangers. He also made three appearances for England in 1902. Hogg was born in Sunderland and was playing local football with Willington Athletic when he was spotted by Sunderland where he became a professional in October 1899. He made his debut on 2 December 1899, scoring in a 5–0 victory over", "id": "13514822" }, { "contents": "John Ballantyne (footballer)\n\n\nJohn Ballantyne (30 June 1892 – after 1917) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 20 appearances in the Football League playing for Birmingham and played for Scottish Football League clubs Kilmarnock, Vale of Leven and Rangers. He played as an outside right. Ballantyne was born in Riccarton, Ayrshire. He played for Kilmarnock and Vale of Leven before coming to England to join Football League Second Division club Birmingham in April 1913. He made his debut on 26 April 1913, the last day of the 1912–13 season, in a 2–1", "id": "2299260" }, { "contents": "Liam Burt\n\n\nLiam Burt (born 1 February 1999) is a Scottish footballer who last played for Rangers, as a midfielder. He made his first team debut for Rangers in March 2016, and has also played on loan for Dumbarton and Alloa Athletic. Burt has represented Scotland at various youth levels up to under-21 level. Burt played youth football for Celtic before being released and subsequently joining the Rangers Academy. He made his professional debut for the club aged seventeen during a Scottish Championship match against Raith Rovers on 1 March 2016. A few", "id": "3837470" }, { "contents": "James Hamilton (footballer, born 1901)\n\n\nJames Hamilton (16 June 1901 – 1975) was a Scottish footballer who played for Vale of Clyde, St Mirren, Rangers, Blackpool, Barrow, Armadale and Scotland. He was a full-back. Bargeddie-born Hamilton made his debut for Harry Evans' Blackpool at home to Bristol City on 15 September 1928, six games into their 1928–29 Football League campaign. He made a further 24 League appearances that season as \"the Tangerines\" finished eighth in Division Two. He started the first three League games of the", "id": "1708146" }, { "contents": "John Campbell (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\nJohn William Campbell (2 October 1877 – 20 January 1919) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Linthouse, Partick Thistle, Blackburn Rovers, Rangers, West Ham United, Hibernian and the Scotland national team. He was born in Glasgow and gained the most success in his career with Rangers with whom he won four successive league titles (1898–99, 1899–00, 1900–01 and 1901–02) the first of which Rangers won all 18 of their Scottish league matches. He also represented Scotland at international level, winning four caps and scoring", "id": "13889025" }, { "contents": "Matt Hill (footballer)\n\n\nMatthew Clayton Hill (born 26 March 1981) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for Bradford Park Avenue. Born in Bristol, Hill started his career with Bristol City where he made over 200 appearances. He subsequently joined Preston North End where he also spent a successful spell, playing over 100 times for the Lancashire club. A move to Wolverhampton Wanderers followed but first team opportunities were more limited and he was loaned to Queens Park Rangers before leaving to join Barnsley. After only one season at the South Yorkshire club", "id": "15275700" }, { "contents": "Dennis O'Donnell\n\n\nDennis O'Donnell (q1 1880 – after 1908) was an English professional footballer who scored 41 goals from 167 appearances in the Football League playing as a forward for Lincoln City, Sunderland, Notts County and Bradford Park Avenue. He also played in the Southern League for Queens Park Rangers. O'Donnell was born in Willington Quay, then in Northumberland. He made his debut for Lincoln City on 5 October 1901 in a 2–1 win at home to Middlesbrough in the Football League Second Division, and played for the club until the end of", "id": "1332551" }, { "contents": "William McLachlan (footballer)\n\n\nWilliam McLachlan (born 19 March 1989) is a Scottish footballer currently playing for Irvine Meadow in the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region. He has previously played in the Scottish Football League First Division for Airdrie United and for Australian club Melbourne Knights in the Victorian Premier League. McLachlan began his career with Rangers and appeared for the Scotland U-16 team in a Victory Shield match against Northern Ireland in October 2004. In December 2008, he joined Airdrie United on loan. He made his debut against St Johnstone on 20 December.", "id": "18351658" }, { "contents": "Bruno Andrade (footballer, born 1993)\n\n\njoined Lincoln City for the 2018-19 League Two season for a free transfer on the 24th May 2018. Born in Portugal, Andrade joined the Queens Park Rangers academy at the age of 13. He made his debut for Queens Park Rangers against Preston North End on 20 November 2010. He then made his second appearance for the club against Blackburn Rovers in the FA Cup. He replaced Jamie Mackie who had broken his leg. He made a further two first-team appearances at the beginning of the 2011–12 season, including", "id": "14654306" }, { "contents": "John Walker (footballer, born 1873)\n\n\nscored the winning goal against West Bromwich Albion on the final day of the season to secure the title. Walker played another 18 times for Liverpool in 1901–02 before returning to Scotland to join Rangers, who had just won a fourth successive domestic title but were also facing financial troubles due to the reconstruction work required on their stadium after the recent 1902 Ibrox disaster. He scored at a rate of nearly a goal every two league games over his three seasons with the Glasgow club, and appeared in two further Scottish Cup finals. In", "id": "15474189" }, { "contents": "Charles Dennington\n\n\nCharles Dennington (born 7 October 1899, died 1943) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Beccles, Dennington played for Norwich City, Bradford City and Kirkley. He joined Norwich from his home town club, Beccles Town, and made his debut in a 1-1 draw against Queens Park Rangers in the Third Division (South) in August 1922, establishing himself as the Canaries' first choice ahead of William O'Hagen and Ernest Williamson. He missed just twenty League games over the next five", "id": "8086327" }, { "contents": "Davy McDougall\n\n\nside of 1899–00. He was also with Rangers without apparently making a first team appearance. In summer 1900 he joined Southern League Bristol City from Partick Thistle making his debut at outside left in a 0–2 defeat at Luton Town on 15 September 1900. He made 11 appearances scoring 2 goals playing on both right and left wings in season 1900–01 when Bristol City were runners up in the Southern League. He also played on both wings in 12 Western League games scoring 2 goals. He rejoined Rangers in the summer of 1901 making 4", "id": "20661422" }, { "contents": "Gordon Smith (footballer, born December 1954)\n\n\n. He was sold to Rangers in 1977 for £65,000. In his first season with Rangers, Smith won the domestic treble, scoring 27 goals from midfield. He also scored the winning goal in the 1978 Scottish League Cup Final, against Celtic. He was sold to Brighton & Hove Albion in 1980 for a record transfer fee of £440,000. He returned to Rangers on loan in December 1982, playing in the 1982 League Cup Final defeat by Celtic. Smith made three appearances during his loan spell, without scoring.", "id": "8508165" }, { "contents": "George Stewart (footballer, born 1932)\n\n\nGeorge Stewart (16 November 1932 – 22 May 1998) was a Scottish footballer, who played as a goalkeeper for Petershill Juniors, Raith Rovers, Stirling Albion, Montrose and Bradford City. Born in Larkhall in 1932, Stewart started his career with junior side Petershill. He was capped by the Scotland junior select team while with the club. He joined the senior game when he signed for Raith Rovers in 1952. He made 68 appearances in the Scottish Football League for three clubs in seven seasons, before moving to England to", "id": "22044872" }, { "contents": "Tommy Anderson (footballer)\n\n\nfor a fee of £1,000, but in November the same year he moved to Queen's Park Rangers. He had only played five league games for Bournemouth, scoring once. He went on to score 3 times in 10 league games for Rangers in the 1958–59 season. He moved again in July 1959, signing for Torquay United. He made his debut on 22 August 1959, the first day of the 1959–60 season, in a 2–1 home win against Doncaster Rovers. In his season with Torquay he played in nine league", "id": "2845776" }, { "contents": "Richard Edghill\n\n\nof Sun Jihai served to further limit Richard's opportunities at the club and he was released at the end of the 2001–02 promotion winning campaign, having made a total of 207 appearances for the club in nine years. Following his release Edghill had short unsuccessful spells with Wigan Athletic and Sheffield United before joining Queens Park Rangers in August 2003. In the 2005 close season Edghill joined Bradford City on a free transfer. At Bradford he scored twice; against Tranmere Rovers in the league and Barnsley in the FA Cup. He was one", "id": "9473165" }, { "contents": "John Blackwood (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\n, who then sold him to Football League Second Division club Woolwich Arsenal. After joining Woolwich Arsenal in May 1900, Blackwood scored on his debut, in a 2–1 win over Gainsborough Trinity on the opening day of the 1900–01 season. This was to be his only season with the club; he scored six goals in 17 league appearances. He also scored during his one appearance in the FA Cup, against Darwen on 5 January 1901. He left for Reading in May 1901. In November 1902, Blackwood joined Queens Park Rangers", "id": "4952881" }, { "contents": "David Amoo\n\n\nRobinson's first-team however, and made just two further substitute appeareances at Stadium MK before returning to Anfield on 23 February. On 28 February, he joined Championship side Hull City on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. He made his \"Tigers\" debut coming on as a replacement for Jay Simpson in a 1–0 win at Nottingham Forest on 5 March. He scored his first goal in senior football in a 1–1 draw at Queens Park Rangers on 25 April. Unable to break into Nigel Pearson's first-", "id": "5142268" }, { "contents": "Chris Brandon\n\n\nin Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, on 7 April 1976. He attended Yorkshire Martyrs Collegiate School in Bradford and supported the city's Football League team Bradford City. Brandon started his football career as a trainee for Bradford City, but he was dropped by their academy and joined non-league side Bradford Park Avenue. He later played for Farsley Celtic before joining Stafford Rangers. He played 32 times for Rangers over two seasons before returning to play for Bradford Park Avenue. In his two spells with Park Avenue, Brandon played", "id": "14931377" }, { "contents": "Sam Charnley\n\n\nSamuel \"Sam\" Charnley (18 November 1902 – 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for Wolverhampton Wanderers in the Football League. Born in Craigneuk, a suburb of Wishaw, North Lanarkshire, Charnley played for Burnbank Athletic before joining Wolverhampton Wanderers of the Football League Second Division in January 1925. He made his debut on 12 September 1925 in a 4–1 win against Portsmouth. After making 55 appearances in total, scoring once, he joined Midland League team York City in August 1928. He captained York in the 1928–29 season", "id": "10736957" }, { "contents": "Sébastien Faure (footballer)\n\n\n. Faure joined Rangers on a three-year deal pending international clearance on 21 August 2012. After the move, Faure says he joined Rangers because Manager Ally McCoist persuaded him to join. He made his debut against First Division side Falkirk in the Scottish League Cup on 30 August 2012. It was on 23 February 2013, when Faure scored his first ever senior goal. This came whilst playing Third Division Berwick Rangers and it contributed to a 3–1 win away from home. Faure had his first run out of the season in", "id": "5596733" }, { "contents": "Dave MacFarlane\n\n\nDave MacFarlane (16 January 1967 – 30 October 2013) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Kilmarnock. MacFarlane began his career with Ayr United Boys Club before joining Rangers. Whilst at Ibrox he made seven league appearances and picked up a winner's medal in October 1986 when he came on as a second-half substitute in Rangers 2-1 win over Celtic in the Scottish League Cup Final. MacFarlane also had loan spells with Kilmarnock and Dundee, before joining the former on a permanent", "id": "7049582" }, { "contents": "Rocco Quinn\n\n\nAugust 2009. His league debut was the 1–1 home draw a week later against Raith Rovers. He scored league goals that season in games against Ayr United, Partick Thistle and a double against Greenock Morton. The Palmerston Park side ended the season in fifth place. He also played on 23 September 2009 in the 2–1 home League Cup defeat against Rangers. In total Quinn made 35 competitive first team appearances in his first season. The QoS website confirmed on 18 June 2011 that Quinn had left and signed for Ross County. In", "id": "16760979" }, { "contents": "Tommy Kelso\n\n\nTommy Kelso (6 May 1882-29 January 1974) was a Scottish footballer who played as a full back for Manchester City between 1906 and 1911. Kelso started his career at Third Lanark before signing for Manchester City in 1906. He made his debut for Manchester City in September 1906 in a 4-1 defeat against Arsenal. He made 139 league appearances for Manchester City and scored 3 goals. He subsequently returned to Scotland and played for Dundee, Rangers and Dumbarton. He won one Scotland cap in 1914 in a 0", "id": "5742448" }, { "contents": "Luke Freeman\n\n\nLeague Trophy and League One titles during his first season with the team. He spent two-and-a-half years at Bristol City before joining Queens Park Rangers in January 2017. Freeman began his career at Charlton Athletic, joining the club's academy in 2001 after being scouted playing Sunday league youth football. He spent two years at Charlton before being released \"for being too small\". Following his release from Charlton, Freeman joined Gillingham at the age of 11. He made his first-team debut for Gillingham", "id": "8315727" }, { "contents": "David Provan (footballer, born 1941)\n\n\nDavid Provan (11 March 1941 – 26 November 2016) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for Rangers, Crystal Palace, Plymouth Argyle and St Mirren. Provan also played for Scotland and the Scottish League XI. Provan was a product of the Rangers youth team and played as a full back. He made his debut on 27 December 1958, in a league match away to Third Lanark which Rangers won 3-2. He helped the club win a domestic treble in 1963–4 and played in the 1967 European Cup Winners", "id": "926204" }, { "contents": "Neil Danns\n\n\ndeal. He had rejected an offer from Scottish Premier League club Rangers. Danns made his Leicester City debut, where he started the whole game, in a 1–0 win over Coventry City in the opening game of the season. He scored his first goal for Leicester City on 23 August 2011 in a 4–2 away win against Bury in the League Cup. Danns soon became a first team regular for the side at the start of the season, finding himself rotated. He scored his first league goal for the club against Blackpool in", "id": "141524" }, { "contents": "Billy Blunt\n\n\nWilliam Blunt (5 August 1886 – 1962) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Wolverhampton Wanderers and Bristol Rovers. Blunt joined Second Division Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1908 from nearby non-league side Stafford Rangers. He made his Football League debut on 28 November 1908 in a 1–2 defeat at Oldham Athletic. He scored two in his second appearance (against Clapton Orient) and ended the season with 8 goals. The 1909–10 campaign saw him score 27 goals, making him the club's top goalscorer for the season", "id": "5433307" }, { "contents": "Gordon Ashcroft\n\n\nGordon Aschroft (7 September 1902 – after 1930) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Lea, Lancashire, he played for Coppull Central before joining Football League First Division side Burnley in November 1925. He made his debut for the club on 7 December 1925 in the 3–1 win against Birmingham at Turf Moor. Ashcroft failed to make another first-team appearance for Burnley and was released at the end of the 1926–27 season. In August 1927 he signed for Burscough Rangers, and then played for", "id": "5652868" }, { "contents": "Raul Correia\n\n\ngoal for Guiseley on 16 September in a 1–1 draw away to Wrexham after guiding Will Hatfield's deflected shot from distance past goalkeeper Luke Coddington. Correia made his final appearance in a 4–0 defeat away to Tranmere Rovers on 30 December, and returned to his parent club two days later. On 11 January 2018, Correia joined National League North club York City on loan for the remainder of the season. Two days later, he made his debut by starting in a 2–1 home win against Bradford Park Avenue. He scored his first", "id": "12088537" }, { "contents": "Bobby Main\n\n\nRobert Frame Main (10 February 1909 – 30 March 1985) was a Scottish professional football player, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Main began his career at local team Baillieston Juniors and joined Rangers in 1929, initially as understudy to Sandy Archibald. He was in and out of the side for four years before becoming a regular in 1933. During his spell at the club he won two Scottish league championships, two Scottish Cups, three Glasgow Cups and two Charity Cups. He made 158 appearances for Rangers", "id": "12825737" }, { "contents": "Ian McColl\n\n\nfinal appearance for Rangers was in the 1960 Scottish Cup Final, a 2–0 win against Kilmarnock. He made a total of 526 appearances for the Glasgow club. He also won 14 caps for Scotland and represented the Scottish League XI. After his playing career, he quickly went into management. He was appointed manager of Scotland in 1960 and enjoyed a winning start, beating Northern Ireland 5–2 at Hampden Park. Under McColl's managership, Scotland won British Home Championships in 1962 and 1963. The team beat England 2–0 at Hampden and", "id": "14525157" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Sharp\n\n\nyear later, in 1905 he was snapped up by Woolwich Arsenal of the First Division and promptly became a regular in the side after making his debut against Liverpool on 2 September 1905. He missed only three league games in his first season and reached the FA Cup semi-finals twice in his first two seasons. At Arsenal Sharp also won another three Scotland caps, before Rangers prised him away in April 1908 for £400. In total he played 116 games for Arsenal, scoring 5 goals. His spell at Rangers only", "id": "17959164" }, { "contents": "Craig Beattie\n\n\nplayed a competitive game in two months he missed the game against Dundee United on 25 February as was not match fit. After scoring twice in a bounce game, he made his debut as a substitute on 3 March against Rangers in a 2–1 win at Ibrox. He scored his first goal for Hearts in a 2–2 draw with St Mirren in the Scottish Cup 6th round at Tynecaste on 10 March. He had a second goal in the same match wrongfully ruled out for offside. In just his second league appearance for the club", "id": "12813032" }, { "contents": "Vladimír Weiss (footballer, born 1989)\n\n\nsubstitute. On 19 August 2010, Weiss joined Scottish side Rangers on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. Prior to signing for Rangers, Weiss rejected a move to their city rivals Celtic. He made his Rangers debut against Hibernian at Easter Road on 22 August coming on as a substitute for James Beattie, setting up the second goal with Rangers going on to win 3–0. He scored his first goal for Rangers in a 4–1 home win against Motherwell and five days later made his Champions League debut against Valencia, providing", "id": "535578" }, { "contents": "Ralph Brand\n\n\nplayed his last match for Rangers on 23 April 1965 when he scored the only goal in a 1–0 win over Third Lanark in the final League game of the season. Brand was sold to Manchester City in August that year for £30,000. Two years later he moved to Sunderland before returning to Scottish football at Raith Rovers (managed by his friend Jimmy Millar). He retired in 1970, although he would come out of retirement to play a handful of matches for Hamilton Academical in 1971–72. Brand played for Scotland eight times", "id": "16219219" } ]

[ { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nTommy Cairns (30 October 1890 – 30 November 1967) was a Scottish footballer who played for Bristol City, Peebles Rovers, St Johnstone, Rangers, Bradford City and Scotland. Born in Merryton, Lanarkshire, Cairns made his name in Junior football, helping Burnbank Athletic to the Scottish Junior Cup in 1911. He also appeared for Larkhall Thistle before earning an opportunity in the senior leagues. His first professional club was Bristol City where he played for two seasons from 1911. He joined Peebles Rovers in 1913 and had a short", "id": "21330844" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nan ever-present and scored 11 goals. Cairns enjoyed further League title successes in 1919–20, 1920–21, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1924–25 and 1926–27 before joining Bradford City in 1927. His final Rangers appearance was in a 2–1 win over Queen's Park on 1 March 1927. In his time with Bradford he made 135 appearances and won a Division Three North medal in 1929. He retired from football in 1932 and later worked as a scout for Arsenal. Cairns was also capped at international level, making eight Scotland appearances. He", "id": "21330846" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nspell with St Johnstone before joining Rangers in November 1913. He made his debut against Hamilton Academical on 27 December 1913 and played a total of nine games in his first season as Rangers finished second to rivals Celtic in Division One. Cairns was a regular in the Rangers team the following season, missing just one league game. He continued to be a regular in the team for the next two seasons but it was in season 1917–18 that he won his first League title (Rangers' first for five years). Cairns was", "id": "21330845" }, { "contents": "Kevin Cairns (footballer)\n\n\nin September 1960, making his debut that month in a Scottish Football League match against St Johnstone. After being a first team regular in his first season, Cairns made only one appearance in 1961–62 and was given a free transfer by Dundee United in May 1962. He signed for Southport in August 1962, going on to make 206 appearances in the Football League over the next six years. He then played non-league football for Wigan Athletic, where he played four games in the Cheshire League, and made a further five", "id": "20271756" }, { "contents": "Sandy Archibald\n\n\nRangers won the League title for the first time in 5 seasons. Archibald went on to win thirteen league titles in his seventeen seasons with the Glasgow club. He also won three Scottish Cup medals, the first of which was Rangers' first in 25 years and Archibald scored twice in the final as Rangers defeated Celtic 4–0 at Hampden. His final appearance for Rangers was in a 1–1 draw away to Queen's Park on 30 April 1934. He made 580 appearances for Rangers. Archibald won a total of 8 caps for Scotland", "id": "9747370" }, { "contents": "Arthur Dixon (footballer, born 1892)\n\n\nfirst goal for the club on 8 March 1919 in a 3–0 league win against Hamilton Academical. He enjoyed a benefit match at Ibrox Park on 10 September 1923. A crowd of 10,000 watched Rangers draw 1–1 with Liverpool. The Rangers side was: Hamilton (goalkeeper), Manderson, Meiklejohn, Dixon, McCandless, Archibald, Muirhead, Morton, Hansen, Cairns. The goalscorer for Rangers was Hansen. In total he made 361 appearances (326 league and 35 Scottish Cup) for the club. He scored eight goals (", "id": "11923821" }, { "contents": "Bert Manderson\n\n\nBert Manderson (9 May 1893 – 27 April 1946) was an Irish footballer, who played for Rangers and Ireland. Manderson, a right-back, made his Rangers debut in a 1-1 draw with Aberdeen on 27 March 1915. He had joined Rangers from Glenavon for £150. He previously had spells at Cliftonville and Belfast Celtic. He went on to make 370 league appearances (452 in total) in 12 seasons with the club, winning seven Scottish league titles. Manderson left Rangers to join Bradford Park", "id": "21502381" }, { "contents": "Archie Devine\n\n\nScotland, but he never played for the national side again. He also made one appearance for the Scottish League XI in that season, in a 3–2 win against the English Football League XI. In April 1910 he moved south of the border to Bradford City, and was part of the side that won the 1911 FA Cup Final against Newcastle United. He stayed at Bradford for nearly three years before joining Woolwich Arsenal. He made his debut for Arsenal against Chelsea on 15 February 1913, and was part of the team that", "id": "20302147" }, { "contents": "James Stewart (footballer, born 1883)\n\n\nhe played in the losing side in the final against Bradford City. He made his third, and final, England appearance against Scotland on 1 April 1911 and again scored in a 1–1 draw. All three of his international appearances thus ended 1–1. He continued to be a regular member of the Newcastle side until he was sold to Rangers in 1913 for £600. In his Newcastle career he made a total of 138 appearances with 53 goals. In May 1914 he returned to his native north-east, and non-", "id": "11906121" }, { "contents": "George Waddell\n\n\nGeorge Barr Waddell (29 November 1888 – 17 September 1966) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Scottish Football League for Rangers and in the Football League in England for Bradford City, Preston North End, Oldham Athletic, Birmingham and New Brighton. He played as a wing half. Waddell was born in Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire. He began his football career in junior football before joining Rangers in 1909. He made his debut in Division One on 26 April 1909 in a 3–2 defeat to Queen's Park. Over the", "id": "656965" }, { "contents": "Andrew Shinnie\n\n\ninternational debut for Scotland in November 2012, in a 2–1 win over Luxembourg. Shinnie made his first team debut for Rangers on 17 March 2007, coming on as a substitute for Dado Pršo in a Scottish Premier League match against Aberdeen. On the same day, he scored two goals for Rangers' under-19 team against St Mirren under-19s. In April, he scored the first goal in the 5–0 win over rivals Celtic as Rangers won the 2007 Scottish Youth Cup Final. He went on to sign a new three-year professional", "id": "14751617" }, { "contents": "Bobby McKean\n\n\nRobert Munro McKean (8 December 1952 – 15 March 1978) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for St Mirren and Rangers. He appeared in one full international match for Scotland, in 1976. McKean started his career at local club Blantyre Victoria before moving to St Mirren in 1969. After five seasons in Paisley he joined Rangers for £50,000 in September 1974. He enjoyed a successful spell in Govan and won the league twice in his first two seasons. He was also part of the 1976 Scottish Cup Final winning", "id": "303577" }, { "contents": "Andy Cunningham (footballer)\n\n\n1918–19. In total, he made 389 appearances and scored 182 goals for Rangers. He won 7 League titles and played in Rangers' famous 1928 Scottish Cup final triumph where they defeated Celtic 4–0 to win their first Scottish Cup in 25 years. Cunningham was also capped at international level, playing 12 times for Scotland and scoring 5 goals. He lost just one of his 12 games for Scotland. Cunningham also represented the Scottish League XI 10 times. Cunningham moved to Newcastle United in 1928, becoming the then oldest player to", "id": "19975016" }, { "contents": "Archie Mitchell (footballer)\n\n\nthe team win the Birmingham & District League title in the 1905–06 and 1906–07 seasons. Mitchell departed Villa in 1907. On 2 May 1907, Mitchell joined Southern League First Division club Queens Park Rangers. He had a good start to his career with the Hoops, winning the 1907–08 First Division title in his debut season. A further First Division title was won in 1911–12, with the Charity Shield being lost 2–1 to Football League First Division champions Blackburn Rovers. He remained with Queens Park Rangers through to 1921 and finally made his", "id": "9272843" }, { "contents": "James Bowie (footballer)\n\n\nJames Bowie (9 July 1888 – 7 August 1972) was a Scottish football player and football administrator, who played for and was chairman of Rangers. He began his career at Maryhill Juniors and joined Rangers in December 1910 from Queen's Park. He made his debut against Falkirk on 10 December 1910. During his time at the club he won six League championships and played in a total of 351 competitive games, scoring 70 goals. Bowie won two Scotland caps in 1920, and also played in three wartime internationals in 1919", "id": "4895542" }, { "contents": "James Vaughan (footballer, born 1988)\n\n\n. He made his second debut for the club in the 1–0 defeat by Nottingham Forest on 3 August. After scoring two goals in the League Cup win over Bradford City on 6 August, he scored his first league goal on his return in the 1–1 draw with Queens Park Rangers on 10 August. On 24 August, he scored a hat-trick in a 5–1 win against A.F.C. Bournemouth. Vaughan joined fellow Championship club Birmingham City on 26 November 2015, on loan until 2 January 2016. He made his debut as a", "id": "14499593" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Smith (footballer, born 1911)\n\n\ncontinued their dominance of Scottish football. Smith also collected his first Scottish Cup medal, scoring in a 5-0 defeat of St Mirren in the final at Hampden. Success for Smith and Rangers continued. The League title was again won in 1934–35 with Smith scoring 43 goals in 38 matches, including 6 in a 7-1 defeat of Dunfermline Athletic. He also collected his second Scottish Cup medal, scoring twice in the 2-1 against Hamilton Academical in the final. Rangers went on to win two of the next", "id": "14794886" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\na 4–2 win over Motherwell at the start of the 1946–47 season. He made a total of 13 league appearances in his first season, including a 4–1 win over Hamilton Academical in the last match, as Rangers beat Hibernian to clinch the League title. In the following season, 1947–48, Cox was an ever present as Rangers finished second to Hibs in the league, and won the Scottish Cup after a 1–0 win over Greenock Morton. Cox also netted his first Rangers goal during the season, scoring in a 2–1 win over", "id": "14907540" }, { "contents": "Andrew Little (footballer)\n\n\nas making one appearance for the \"B\" team, he won his first senior cap in March 2009, and appeared nine times in total. A former Ballinamallard United player, he moved from Northern Ireland to Scotland in 2006 to join the Rangers Academy. He scored for the \"Gers\" in the club's Scottish Youth Cup final victory over Old Firm rival's Celtic at Hampden Park in 2008. That season he also helped the club to top the SPFL Development League. He made his senior debut as a substitute for", "id": "5532587" }, { "contents": "Jim Eadie\n\n\nJames Eadie (born 4 February 1947) is a Scottish former professional footballer. During his career, he made over 200 appearances in the Football League in spells with Cardiff City, Chester and Bristol Rovers. Eadie began his career at Rangers but never made a first team appearance for the club, moving to Dumbarton where he played a handful of matches before joining Kirkintilloch Rob Roy. It wasn't until he moved south to play in The Football League that he began to play regular football. He signed for Cardiff City in 1969", "id": "15683889" }, { "contents": "Andrew McAtee\n\n\nconscripted in 1917 and served in Italy. On returning to Scotland McAtee resumed his successful football career with Celtic, participating in two further league title-winning seasons for a total of six. He also featured in a further Scottish Cup victory in 1923, twelve years after his first in 1911, and won four Glasgow Cups, scoring the winning goal against Clyde in the 1920-21 final. He made one appearance for Scotland in 1913 versus Wales but was selected more frequently for the Scottish League XI, playing in seven games", "id": "872940" }, { "contents": "Bobby Russell (footballer, born 1957)\n\n\nRobert Russell (born 11 February 1957 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Russell joined Rangers from Shettleston Juniors in 1977 and made his first team debut against Aberdeen on 13 August that year, aged only 20. The game ended in a 3–1 defeat, however Rangers went on to win the treble that season and Russell cemented his place on the right side of the midfield. He made 370 appearances for the club and won a league championship, two Scottish Cups", "id": "82295" }, { "contents": "Aaron Ramsey\n\n\nMifsud. On 26 April, he scored his first league goal in a 3–3 draw against Burnley. He went on to make his first career league start three weeks later in a 3–1 win over Queens Park Rangers and began to establish himself in the first team, making several more starts in the Cardiff side. He made a total of 22 appearances during the season, his first full season of professional football, and played in five of the club's six FA Cup matches, including the final, becoming the second youngest player", "id": "12732777" }, { "contents": "Daniel Bruce (footballer)\n\n\nCup Final against Queen's Park. The final as scheduled finished as a 1–1 draw; in the replay, Bruce opened the scoring for Vale of Leven but Queen's came back to win 2–1. Soon afterwards, and while still a teenager, Bruce was capped for Scotland. His first and what turned out to be only international appearance came on 22 March 1890 against Wales in the British Home Championship; Scotland won 5–0. He moved to Rangers in 1891 and played four games in the Scottish Football League at the start of", "id": "4264595" }, { "contents": "Joe Hutton (footballer)\n\n\nJoseph \"Joe\" Hutton (18 November 1927 – April 1999) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Gillingham, Millwall, Reading and Stoke City. Hutton was born in Dundee and began his career in England with Reading. He only made eight appearances for the \"Royals\" before going back to Scotland to play for Ayr United. He and Ayr team-mate Bobby Cairns joined Stoke City in 1953. Hutton made an instant impact at the Victoria Ground scoring in his first three matches for the club", "id": "8572530" }, { "contents": "Alex Venters\n\n\nAlexander Venters (9 June 1913 – 30 April 1959) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Cowdenbeath, Rangers and Scotland. Alex Venters, an inside forward, joined Rangers in November 1933 after his first club Cowdenbeath. He spent a total of 13 years at Ibrox Park, winning three Scottish league titles (1935, 1937 and 1939), two Scottish Cups (1935, 1936) and scoring 102 goals in 201 appearances. 18 of these 102 goals came against Celtic in various competitions. In the last season before", "id": "9812289" }, { "contents": "Matt Fry\n\n\nreturned to West Ham having made 32 appearances, scoring one goal, for Charlton. Fry had his contract cancelled by mutual consent with West Ham on 2 February 2012 allowing him to seek first-team football on a regular basis. On 10 February 2012, Fry joined League Two club Bradford City on a free transfer. He made his debut in a 1–1 draw at home to Port Vale on 14 February 2012, in which he played 79 minutes before being substituted. After leaving Bradford, Fry played for Concord Rangers, helping", "id": "20258156" }, { "contents": "Alex Bennett (footballer)\n\n\nand also worked as a sports journalist. He died in Glasgow in 1940. Bennett was capped eleven times for Scotland, gaining three caps while at Celtic and the remaining eight while at Rangers. He made his Scotland debut against Wales in March 1904 and scored his first international goal, again against Wales, four years later. He scored his second international goal in his final Scotland appearance, against Ireland in March 1913. He also appeared ten times in representative matches for the Scottish Football League. At the age of 39 he", "id": "7795002" }, { "contents": "Robert Campbell (footballer, born 1882)\n\n\nRobert Campbell (1882 – 13 March 1931) was a Scottish footballer who played for Partick Thistle, Rangers, Millwall Athletic and Bradford City. He was a full back who won the 1911 FA Cup with Bradford. Born in Lugar in 1882, Campbell started his football career with Partick Thistle, with whom he won a Scottish League representative honour, before moving to Rangers in 1903. He played for Rangers until 1905, making nine appearances and scoring once before he moved to England and Millwall Athletic in the Southern League. He", "id": "15446261" }, { "contents": "Matthew Dickie\n\n\nMatthew Dickie (19 August 1873 – 30 December 1959) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Rangers. Dickie made his Rangers debut against St Mirren in a 5-1 home win at Ibrox on 15 August 1896. He played 126 league matches from a possible 132 in an amazing spell during his time at the club. He went on to make 175 first class appearances in total. Dickie won four League championships, 3 Scottish Cups, 5 Glasgow Cups and represented Scotland three times.", "id": "4766083" }, { "contents": "Michael O'Halloran (footballer)\n\n\nwin over Forfar Athletic. He scored again in Saints' final home game of the season, to conclude a 3–3 draw with former club Celtic. O'Halloran won the Scottish Premiership player of the month award for November 2015. St Johnstone rejected two bids from Rangers for O'Halloran in January 2016. Manager Tommy Wright then left O'Halloran out of their following league game, saying that O'Halloran was not \"mentally ready\" to play. O'Halloran made his final appearance for the club in a 2–1 defeat to Hibernian in the Scottish League Cup semi", "id": "9744181" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Millar (footballer, born 1870)\n\n\ntwo different spells: 1890–96 (winning three Football League championships in four seasons) and 1900–04 (claiming a fourth title), separated by a stint in his homeland at Rangers where he won two Scottish Football League titles and two Scottish Cups. Overall he made 260 appearances for Sunderland, scoring 123 goals. At the time of his death he was the trainer for Chelsea. Millar was capped for Scotland three times between 1897 and 1898 during his time with Rangers, scoring twice, both in matches against England; his first was", "id": "14464136" }, { "contents": "Joe Hendry\n\n\nJoe Hendry was a Scottish football player. Hendry played for Rangers, Greenock Morton and St Johnstone amongst other clubs during his career. Hendry began playing football with Maryhill FC. He joined Greenock Morton in 1907 and stayed there for two years before signing for Rangers. Hendry made his debut in a 1–0 win at home on 23 April 1910 against Clyde and during his eight-year spell with the club Hendry made 147 appearances and scored 7 goals. After leaving Rangers he had spells with Dumbarton, Third Lanark, St Johnstone and", "id": "17804993" }, { "contents": "Gordon Rae\n\n\nGordon Rae (born 3 May 1958) is a retired Scottish footballer, who played mainly as a defender for Hibernian, Partick Thistle, Hamilton Academical and Meadowbank Thistle. He also played sometimes as a centre forward, scoring over 50 goals in the Scottish Football League in his career. Rae signed for Hibernian as a 17-year-old from Whitehill Welfare in 1975. He made his first team debut two years later, and scored in a 2–0 win against Rangers at Ibrox in his second appearance. He became club captain, appeared", "id": "6510043" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Johnstone\n\n\narrival at Celtic, Stein had doubts about Johnstone, considering him too much of an individual player, to the overall detriment of the team, and he left him out of the team for the 1965 Scottish Cup Final. Johnstone soon won Stein round with his skill, and won his first winner's medal on 23 October 1965 when he played in Celtic's 2–1 win over Rangers in the Scottish League Cup Final. His 32 league appearances and nine goals that season helped Celtic win their first league title in 12 years. Johnstone", "id": "811424" }, { "contents": "Eddie Rutherford\n\n\nEdward 'Eddie' Rutherford (8 February 1921 – 29 August 2007) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers, Hearts and Scotland. Born in Govan, Scotland, Rutherford joined Rangers from Mossvale in 1941 but during the Second World War he was posted to England so he guested for Lincoln City and Bradford City. He played three games for Bradford in 1944–45 in the Football League War Cup North section. After he had completed his service, Rutherford returned to Rangers and made his first appearance for the club on 19 October", "id": "14506034" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\n1954 Cox played his last match for Scotland, as he captained the team at Hampden in a 4–2 defeat by England in front on 134,544 spectators. 1954–55 was Cox's last season at Rangers as he made only 15 first-team appearances. He made his final Rangers appearance in a 2–1 defeat to Aberdeen on 19 February 1955. Cox made a total of 370 appearances for Rangers, won 25 caps for Scotland and 13 caps for the Scottish League XI. After his Rangers career, Cox had a spell with East Fife before", "id": "14907543" }, { "contents": "Gary Warren (footballer)\n\n\ngame of the season, Warren made his debut in a 2–2 draw against St Mirren. Two-months later on 22 December 2012, he scored his first goal for Inverness in a 4–1 win over Dundee. In the quarter-final of the Scottish League Cup, he scored his second goal for Inverness in a 3–0 win over Rangers, helping the club to reach the semi-final. In the first part of the season, Warren and his teammates struggled as the club found themselves near the foot of the table,", "id": "16107731" }, { "contents": "Ronnie McKinnon\n\n\nRonald McKinnon (born 20 August 1940 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who played for Rangers and the Scotland national team. MacKinnon, a defender, made his Rangers debut against Hearts on 8 March 1961 in a 3–0 win at Ibrox. He went on to make 473 appearances for Rangers between 1961 and 1972, winning two League championships, four Scottish Cups, three League Cups and a Cup Winners' Cup. He also won a total of 28 caps for Scotland, making his debut in the famous 1", "id": "19851592" }, { "contents": "James Marshall (footballer, born 1908)\n\n\nDr James Marshall (3 January 1908 — 27 December 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for both Rangers and Arsenal as well as the Scotland national side. He played as an inside forward. Marshall was born in Avonbridge, Stirlingshire and joined Rangers from Shettleston in 1925. During his nine-year spell at Ibrox he amassed five League championships and three Scottish Cups. He also won three Scotland caps, all of them against England between 1932 and 1934. In total he scored 138 goals in 257 league appearances for Rangers", "id": "4895243" }, { "contents": "Thomas Murray (footballer)\n\n\nThomas Murray (7 April 1889 – 1976) was an English professional footballer who played as a inside right. Born in Middlesbrough, Murray spent his early career with Middlesbrough, Aberdeen, Rangers and Heart of Midlothian. At Hearts he scored 12 goals in 28 league games between August 1911 and April 1912. He joined Bradford City in June 1912. He made 6 league appearances for Bradford City, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in February 1914 to join Hull City. For Hull he made a further 2 league appearances", "id": "5167081" }, { "contents": "Ernie Thompson (footballer, born 1909)\n\n\n, scoring once in a 2–2 draw; his only other appearance came a week later in a 1–0 home win over Crewe Alexandra. At the end of the season, Thompson joined Second Division Bristol City, but never made a first-team appearance, instead spending his single season with the club playing in the reserves in both the Western Section of the Southern Football League and the Western Football League First Division. He left before the end of the 1929–30 season in February 1930 to join Bath City, playing for them in the", "id": "16156938" }, { "contents": "Alan Morton\n\n\n\"\" (insurance salesman). Morton had already been capped while an amateur before joining Rangers (making his debut for Scotland on 26 February 1920 against Wales) but would go on to play in every international against the \"Auld Enemy\", England, from 1920 to 1932 bar the fixture at Old Trafford in 1926, eventually winning 31 caps. In addition he made 15 appearances (scoring 1 goal) for the Scottish League XI (making his debut on 22 February 1919 against the Football League at St. Andrews, Birmingham", "id": "6451273" }, { "contents": "Dan Thomson\n\n\nDaniel Thomson (born 10 August 1891 in Dundee) was a Scottish professional footballer. Thomson began his career with Aberdeen before moving on to St Johnstone from where he joined Bristol City in the 1925-26 season. He spent the following season with Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic before joining Torquay United in 1927. He played in United's first match in the Football League, a 1-1 draw with local rivals Exeter City at Plainmoor on 27 August 1927. He played in the next eight games for Torquay before losing his place", "id": "2040384" }, { "contents": "Jack Smith (footballer, born 1895)\n\n\nwinning the Scottish Cup in 1920, including scoring the third goal for Kilmarnock in the final when they defeated his former team, Albion Rovers, 3–2. Following a disagreement with Kilmarnock, Smith joined Cowdenbeath, where during 1921–22, he netted 45 goals as they finished runners-up in Division Two. At the season's end he joined Rangers for £3,000, making his debut at Ibrox Park on 15 August 1922, scoring in a 2–0 victory over Alloa Athletic. He only made two further appearances for Rangers, scoring once", "id": "17284045" }, { "contents": "Peter Thomson (footballer)\n\n\nIn two seasons at Kenilworth Road he made 11 League appearances, scoring 3 goals. Scoring twice against Stoke City in a memorable 3-1 away win. He also played two League games whilst on loan at Rushden & Diamonds, scoring once on his debut. He had a brief spell with Morecambe, scoring against Dagenham & Redbridge on his home debut with an overhead kick. Thomson joined Southport in July 2002. He returned to Lancaster City in December 2003 and enjoyed further success with Stafford Rangers in the summer of 2005.", "id": "8805355" }, { "contents": "John McPherson (footballer, born 1868)\n\n\nMcPherson also won three Scottish Cup medals with Rangers, the first in 1894, where he scored in five of Rangers' six matches, including the 3–1 final win over Celtic at Hampden. McPherson also scored in the 1897 final, where Rangers defeated Dumbarton 5–1. His third Scottish Cup winners medal came a year later, 1898, where Rangers defeated McPherson's former club Kilmarnock 2–0. His final recorded appearance for Rangers was in a 2–0 friendly defeat to Glentoran on 2 April 1902. McPherson was also a Scottish International, winning", "id": "8242049" }, { "contents": "James Cairns (forward)\n\n\nJames Cairns (\"unknown\" – \"unknown\") was a footballer who played at inside right for several English clubs, including Lincoln City and Newton Heath in the late 1890s. Cairns began his football career with Stevenston Thistle in 1895, before moving to Glossop North End. In September 1897, he joined Football League side Lincoln City, but before he made an appearance for the club, he had moved on to Newton Heath in April 1898. It took Cairns six months to make his debut for the Heathens, eventually", "id": "22214514" }, { "contents": "Andy Neil\n\n\nAndrew Neil (18 November 1892 – 14 August 1941) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 328 Football League appearances playing as an inside forward or wing half for Brighton & Hove Albion (two spells), Arsenal and Queens Park Rangers. Neil was born in Crosshouse, near Kilmarnock in Ayrshire. He joined Kilmarnock of Division One from junior club Ardeer Thistle, and made his debut on 12 April 1913 away to Motherwell. He played regularly in his second season, and in 1914–15, his 20 goals placed him sixth in", "id": "2233011" }, { "contents": "Ernest Myers (footballer)\n\n\nErnest Myers, also known as Colin Myers, was an English professional footballer who played as an inside left. Born in Chapeltown, Sheffield, Myers spent his early career with Northfleet, Crystal Palace and Hickleton Main Colliery. He joined Bradford City in April 1914, and made 1 league appearance for the club, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in May 1920 to join Southend United, where he scored 2 goals in 23 league games. He later played for Aberdare Athletic, Northampton Town, Queens Park Rangers, Exeter", "id": "5167086" }, { "contents": "Billy Bennett (footballer, born 1955)\n\n\nthen over a year before Bennett made another senior appearance, when he again scored in a 3–0 Hearts win over Berwick Rangers in the final of the East of Scotland Shield. He made his league debut for Hearts on 16 November 1974 in the 1–3 defeat away at Arbroath. Bennett left Hearts in the summer of 1976 to sign for Third Division outfit Berwick Rangers. In two seasons with The Borderers, he played 69 league matches and scored 8 goals. At the start of the 1978–79 season, Bennett joined Forfar Athletic. He", "id": "17097673" }, { "contents": "Jerome Thomas\n\n\nhe scored a goal in the final over Blackburn Rovers. He was loaned out to Second Division side Queens Park Rangers in the 2001–02 and 2002–03 seasons. He made his debut in the Football League on 30 March 2002, in a 3–2 win over Tranmere Rovers at Prenton Park. He scored his first professional goal on 6 April, the only goal of the game against Swindon Town at the County Ground in a 1–0 win for QPR. During his second loan spell in October 2002, he scored long distance goals away at Cheltenham", "id": "9097657" }, { "contents": "Willie Reid (footballer)\n\n\nEngland with Portsmouth. Reid returned to Scotland in April 1909 when signed by Rangers, where he won three league titles in eleven seasons. He was the club's top scorer for six consecutive seasons, between 1910 and 1916. He received all his caps for Scottish national side while with Rangers. Reid made his Scotland debut in a 2–2 draw with Wales in 1911 and earned his last cap three years later, against England. Reid also represented the Scottish League XI. His football career was interrupted by the First World War,", "id": "15187335" }, { "contents": "Stephen McGinn\n\n\nRangers, where St Mirren won 1–0, the team's first home league win over Rangers in 22 years. McGinn started the 2009–10 season on bench in the Scottish League Cup game but then went on to score on his first start of the season in a 2–1 loss to Hibernian on 15 August 2009. He continued his season with a brace against Kilmarnock at Rugby Park, where The Buddies came from behind to win 2–1. McGinn signed for Watford in January 2010, for an undisclosed fee. He made his first Watford appearance", "id": "14258787" }, { "contents": "Anthony Ralston\n\n\nAnthony Ralston (born 16 November 1998) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Celtic. He also spent several months on loan at Queens Park in 2015 and at Dundee United in 2018. Ralston made his debut for the Celtic first team on 11 May 2016, in a 2–1 defeat against St Johnstone. He scored his first goal for Celtic in a 5–0 Scottish League Cup win over Kilmarnock on 8 August 2017. He made some further appearances early in the 2017–18 season, including a Champions League match against Paris Saint-", "id": "17673352" }, { "contents": "Sam Gallacher\n\n\nSamuel Gallacher (born 23 December 1904) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a centre half. Born in Annbank, Gallacher played for Larkfield Juniors and Cadzow St. Anne's in his native Scotland, before moving to England to join Bradford City in May 1924. For Bradford City he made 40 appearances in the Football League, scoring 2 goals. He left the club in August 1927 to join Crystal Palace. He later played for Lincoln City, making 13 appearances in the Football League as well as one FA Cup appearance", "id": "4883696" }, { "contents": "Julien Rodriguez\n\n\nJulien Rodriguez (born 11 June 1978 in Béziers, France) is a French former professional footballer who played as a defender. Rodriguez started his career at AS Monaco, making 135 appearances for the club and helping them to reach the 2004 Champions League final. He joined Scottish Premier League club Rangers in August 2005 for £1m. He scored his first goal for Rangers on 11 March 2006 in Rangers' 4–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Ibrox Stadium and made a total of 30 appearances in his debut season with the club.", "id": "11830556" }, { "contents": "Mark Williams (Scottish footballer)\n\n\n-year contract by his former St Mirren manager Danny Lennon. Nine days later he made his debut, playing the full 90 minutes as they won 1–0 at Highland League team Brora Rangers in the first round of the Scottish Challenge Cup. On 8 August he played his first league game, a 3–1 loss away to Queen of the South. In February 2016, he moved on loan to Arbroath in Scottish League Two; on 12 March he scored his first career goal to conclude a 3–0 win over East Stirlingshire at Gayfield Park", "id": "15479008" }, { "contents": "Jack Blackman (English footballer)\n\n\nJohn James Blackman (25 November 1912 – 1987) was an English retired professional footballer who played in the Football League for Crystal Palace and Queens Park Rangers as a forward. He also played non-league football for Guildford City. Blackman began his career at Queens Park Rangers and in October 1935, signed for Crystal Palace, then playing in the Football League Third Division South. He made a goal-scoring debut in November in a home 5–0 win against Millwall and went on to make 27 appearances that season scoring 19 times", "id": "13124108" }, { "contents": "Paul Bennett (footballer, born 1961)\n\n\nPaul Bennett (born 30 January 1961) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Port Vale. Bennett was an Everton youth team player before joining Port Vale in September 1978. He made his debut as a substitute in a 1–1 draw with Peterborough United at London Road on 1 November 1980, and three weeks later he scored his first goal in a 4–2 win over Bradford City. He went on to play 26 Fourth Division games in the 1980–81 season, and scored his first goal in the Football League", "id": "4265172" }, { "contents": "Nicol Smith\n\n\nNicol Smith (25 December 1873 – 6 January 1905) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers. Born in Darvel, Ayrshire, Smith played as a fullback for local sides Vale of Irvine, Royal Albert and Darvel, earning junior international selection, before joining Rangers in 1893. He made only two league appearances in his first season at the club, but by 1893–94, he had established himself in the Rangers team, missing just one of the 18 league fixtures. During that season he was also responsible for bringing Alex", "id": "20560230" }, { "contents": "Bill Paterson (footballer, born 1930)\n\n\nthe proceeds adding to the transfer deal. He had a relatively unsuccessful three years on Tyneside and so returned to Scotland to join Rangers for £3,500. His debut came on 13 August 1958 in a 2-1 home league win against Partick Thistle. That was the first of three appearances that he would make that entire season. Overall Paterson did go on to make 116 top team appearances for the club and won two Scottish league championships. He also claimed a Scottish Cup, a Scottish League Cup, a Charity Cup winners", "id": "14236809" }, { "contents": "David McClure (footballer)\n\n\nDavid McClure was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a right-back who had spells in Scotland, Ireland and England. He was born in Slamannan, Stirlingshire, but began his footballing career in Ireland with Glenavon. McClure then returned to Scotland to play Junior league football with Dunipace, before joining Scottish Football League club St Johnstone in 1924. In June 1927, he was signed by Football League Third Division North club Nelson and made his debut for the club on 24 September 1927 in the 2–1 win against Durham City.", "id": "19923020" }, { "contents": "Arthur Adey\n\n\nArthur Lewis Adey (1 March 1930 - January 1994) was a Scottish professional association football player of the 1950s. Born in Glasgow, he was a centre forward and began his professional career with Doncaster Rovers and later played for Gillingham and Bradford Park Avenue. He made 68 appearances in The Football League and scored 15 goals. He signed for Doncaster Rovers in September 1950, following his move from Bishop Auckland and made his professional debut in Division Two on 14 April 1951 against Queens Park Rangers. In 1954, after three more", "id": "17203075" }, { "contents": "Billy Hogg\n\n\nWilliam Hogg (29 May 1879 – 30 January 1937) was an English footballer who played at outside right, winning the Football League championship with Sunderland in 1901–02, before moving to Scotland where he won the Scottish League title three times with Rangers. He also made three appearances for England in 1902. Hogg was born in Sunderland and was playing local football with Willington Athletic when he was spotted by Sunderland where he became a professional in October 1899. He made his debut on 2 December 1899, scoring in a 5–0 victory over", "id": "13514822" }, { "contents": "John Ballantyne (footballer)\n\n\nJohn Ballantyne (30 June 1892 – after 1917) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 20 appearances in the Football League playing for Birmingham and played for Scottish Football League clubs Kilmarnock, Vale of Leven and Rangers. He played as an outside right. Ballantyne was born in Riccarton, Ayrshire. He played for Kilmarnock and Vale of Leven before coming to England to join Football League Second Division club Birmingham in April 1913. He made his debut on 26 April 1913, the last day of the 1912–13 season, in a 2–1", "id": "2299260" }, { "contents": "Liam Burt\n\n\nLiam Burt (born 1 February 1999) is a Scottish footballer who last played for Rangers, as a midfielder. He made his first team debut for Rangers in March 2016, and has also played on loan for Dumbarton and Alloa Athletic. Burt has represented Scotland at various youth levels up to under-21 level. Burt played youth football for Celtic before being released and subsequently joining the Rangers Academy. He made his professional debut for the club aged seventeen during a Scottish Championship match against Raith Rovers on 1 March 2016. A few", "id": "3837470" }, { "contents": "James Hamilton (footballer, born 1901)\n\n\nJames Hamilton (16 June 1901 – 1975) was a Scottish footballer who played for Vale of Clyde, St Mirren, Rangers, Blackpool, Barrow, Armadale and Scotland. He was a full-back. Bargeddie-born Hamilton made his debut for Harry Evans' Blackpool at home to Bristol City on 15 September 1928, six games into their 1928–29 Football League campaign. He made a further 24 League appearances that season as \"the Tangerines\" finished eighth in Division Two. He started the first three League games of the", "id": "1708146" }, { "contents": "John Campbell (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\nJohn William Campbell (2 October 1877 – 20 January 1919) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Linthouse, Partick Thistle, Blackburn Rovers, Rangers, West Ham United, Hibernian and the Scotland national team. He was born in Glasgow and gained the most success in his career with Rangers with whom he won four successive league titles (1898–99, 1899–00, 1900–01 and 1901–02) the first of which Rangers won all 18 of their Scottish league matches. He also represented Scotland at international level, winning four caps and scoring", "id": "13889025" }, { "contents": "Matt Hill (footballer)\n\n\nMatthew Clayton Hill (born 26 March 1981) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for Bradford Park Avenue. Born in Bristol, Hill started his career with Bristol City where he made over 200 appearances. He subsequently joined Preston North End where he also spent a successful spell, playing over 100 times for the Lancashire club. A move to Wolverhampton Wanderers followed but first team opportunities were more limited and he was loaned to Queens Park Rangers before leaving to join Barnsley. After only one season at the South Yorkshire club", "id": "15275700" }, { "contents": "Dennis O'Donnell\n\n\nDennis O'Donnell (q1 1880 – after 1908) was an English professional footballer who scored 41 goals from 167 appearances in the Football League playing as a forward for Lincoln City, Sunderland, Notts County and Bradford Park Avenue. He also played in the Southern League for Queens Park Rangers. O'Donnell was born in Willington Quay, then in Northumberland. He made his debut for Lincoln City on 5 October 1901 in a 2–1 win at home to Middlesbrough in the Football League Second Division, and played for the club until the end of", "id": "1332551" }, { "contents": "William McLachlan (footballer)\n\n\nWilliam McLachlan (born 19 March 1989) is a Scottish footballer currently playing for Irvine Meadow in the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region. He has previously played in the Scottish Football League First Division for Airdrie United and for Australian club Melbourne Knights in the Victorian Premier League. McLachlan began his career with Rangers and appeared for the Scotland U-16 team in a Victory Shield match against Northern Ireland in October 2004. In December 2008, he joined Airdrie United on loan. He made his debut against St Johnstone on 20 December.", "id": "18351658" }, { "contents": "Bruno Andrade (footballer, born 1993)\n\n\njoined Lincoln City for the 2018-19 League Two season for a free transfer on the 24th May 2018. Born in Portugal, Andrade joined the Queens Park Rangers academy at the age of 13. He made his debut for Queens Park Rangers against Preston North End on 20 November 2010. He then made his second appearance for the club against Blackburn Rovers in the FA Cup. He replaced Jamie Mackie who had broken his leg. He made a further two first-team appearances at the beginning of the 2011–12 season, including", "id": "14654306" }, { "contents": "John Walker (footballer, born 1873)\n\n\nscored the winning goal against West Bromwich Albion on the final day of the season to secure the title. Walker played another 18 times for Liverpool in 1901–02 before returning to Scotland to join Rangers, who had just won a fourth successive domestic title but were also facing financial troubles due to the reconstruction work required on their stadium after the recent 1902 Ibrox disaster. He scored at a rate of nearly a goal every two league games over his three seasons with the Glasgow club, and appeared in two further Scottish Cup finals. In", "id": "15474189" }, { "contents": "Charles Dennington\n\n\nCharles Dennington (born 7 October 1899, died 1943) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Beccles, Dennington played for Norwich City, Bradford City and Kirkley. He joined Norwich from his home town club, Beccles Town, and made his debut in a 1-1 draw against Queens Park Rangers in the Third Division (South) in August 1922, establishing himself as the Canaries' first choice ahead of William O'Hagen and Ernest Williamson. He missed just twenty League games over the next five", "id": "8086327" }, { "contents": "Davy McDougall\n\n\nside of 1899–00. He was also with Rangers without apparently making a first team appearance. In summer 1900 he joined Southern League Bristol City from Partick Thistle making his debut at outside left in a 0–2 defeat at Luton Town on 15 September 1900. He made 11 appearances scoring 2 goals playing on both right and left wings in season 1900–01 when Bristol City were runners up in the Southern League. He also played on both wings in 12 Western League games scoring 2 goals. He rejoined Rangers in the summer of 1901 making 4", "id": "20661422" }, { "contents": "Gordon Smith (footballer, born December 1954)\n\n\n. He was sold to Rangers in 1977 for £65,000. In his first season with Rangers, Smith won the domestic treble, scoring 27 goals from midfield. He also scored the winning goal in the 1978 Scottish League Cup Final, against Celtic. He was sold to Brighton & Hove Albion in 1980 for a record transfer fee of £440,000. He returned to Rangers on loan in December 1982, playing in the 1982 League Cup Final defeat by Celtic. Smith made three appearances during his loan spell, without scoring.", "id": "8508165" }, { "contents": "George Stewart (footballer, born 1932)\n\n\nGeorge Stewart (16 November 1932 – 22 May 1998) was a Scottish footballer, who played as a goalkeeper for Petershill Juniors, Raith Rovers, Stirling Albion, Montrose and Bradford City. Born in Larkhall in 1932, Stewart started his career with junior side Petershill. He was capped by the Scotland junior select team while with the club. He joined the senior game when he signed for Raith Rovers in 1952. He made 68 appearances in the Scottish Football League for three clubs in seven seasons, before moving to England to", "id": "22044872" }, { "contents": "Tommy Anderson (footballer)\n\n\nfor a fee of £1,000, but in November the same year he moved to Queen's Park Rangers. He had only played five league games for Bournemouth, scoring once. He went on to score 3 times in 10 league games for Rangers in the 1958–59 season. He moved again in July 1959, signing for Torquay United. He made his debut on 22 August 1959, the first day of the 1959–60 season, in a 2–1 home win against Doncaster Rovers. In his season with Torquay he played in nine league", "id": "2845776" }, { "contents": "Richard Edghill\n\n\nof Sun Jihai served to further limit Richard's opportunities at the club and he was released at the end of the 2001–02 promotion winning campaign, having made a total of 207 appearances for the club in nine years. Following his release Edghill had short unsuccessful spells with Wigan Athletic and Sheffield United before joining Queens Park Rangers in August 2003. In the 2005 close season Edghill joined Bradford City on a free transfer. At Bradford he scored twice; against Tranmere Rovers in the league and Barnsley in the FA Cup. He was one", "id": "9473165" }, { "contents": "John Blackwood (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\n, who then sold him to Football League Second Division club Woolwich Arsenal. After joining Woolwich Arsenal in May 1900, Blackwood scored on his debut, in a 2–1 win over Gainsborough Trinity on the opening day of the 1900–01 season. This was to be his only season with the club; he scored six goals in 17 league appearances. He also scored during his one appearance in the FA Cup, against Darwen on 5 January 1901. He left for Reading in May 1901. In November 1902, Blackwood joined Queens Park Rangers", "id": "4952881" }, { "contents": "David Amoo\n\n\nRobinson's first-team however, and made just two further substitute appeareances at Stadium MK before returning to Anfield on 23 February. On 28 February, he joined Championship side Hull City on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. He made his \"Tigers\" debut coming on as a replacement for Jay Simpson in a 1–0 win at Nottingham Forest on 5 March. He scored his first goal in senior football in a 1–1 draw at Queens Park Rangers on 25 April. Unable to break into Nigel Pearson's first-", "id": "5142268" }, { "contents": "Chris Brandon\n\n\nin Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, on 7 April 1976. He attended Yorkshire Martyrs Collegiate School in Bradford and supported the city's Football League team Bradford City. Brandon started his football career as a trainee for Bradford City, but he was dropped by their academy and joined non-league side Bradford Park Avenue. He later played for Farsley Celtic before joining Stafford Rangers. He played 32 times for Rangers over two seasons before returning to play for Bradford Park Avenue. In his two spells with Park Avenue, Brandon played", "id": "14931377" }, { "contents": "Sam Charnley\n\n\nSamuel \"Sam\" Charnley (18 November 1902 – 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for Wolverhampton Wanderers in the Football League. Born in Craigneuk, a suburb of Wishaw, North Lanarkshire, Charnley played for Burnbank Athletic before joining Wolverhampton Wanderers of the Football League Second Division in January 1925. He made his debut on 12 September 1925 in a 4–1 win against Portsmouth. After making 55 appearances in total, scoring once, he joined Midland League team York City in August 1928. He captained York in the 1928–29 season", "id": "10736957" }, { "contents": "Sébastien Faure (footballer)\n\n\n. Faure joined Rangers on a three-year deal pending international clearance on 21 August 2012. After the move, Faure says he joined Rangers because Manager Ally McCoist persuaded him to join. He made his debut against First Division side Falkirk in the Scottish League Cup on 30 August 2012. It was on 23 February 2013, when Faure scored his first ever senior goal. This came whilst playing Third Division Berwick Rangers and it contributed to a 3–1 win away from home. Faure had his first run out of the season in", "id": "5596733" }, { "contents": "Dave MacFarlane\n\n\nDave MacFarlane (16 January 1967 – 30 October 2013) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Kilmarnock. MacFarlane began his career with Ayr United Boys Club before joining Rangers. Whilst at Ibrox he made seven league appearances and picked up a winner's medal in October 1986 when he came on as a second-half substitute in Rangers 2-1 win over Celtic in the Scottish League Cup Final. MacFarlane also had loan spells with Kilmarnock and Dundee, before joining the former on a permanent", "id": "7049582" }, { "contents": "Rocco Quinn\n\n\nAugust 2009. His league debut was the 1–1 home draw a week later against Raith Rovers. He scored league goals that season in games against Ayr United, Partick Thistle and a double against Greenock Morton. The Palmerston Park side ended the season in fifth place. He also played on 23 September 2009 in the 2–1 home League Cup defeat against Rangers. In total Quinn made 35 competitive first team appearances in his first season. The QoS website confirmed on 18 June 2011 that Quinn had left and signed for Ross County. In", "id": "16760979" }, { "contents": "Tommy Kelso\n\n\nTommy Kelso (6 May 1882-29 January 1974) was a Scottish footballer who played as a full back for Manchester City between 1906 and 1911. Kelso started his career at Third Lanark before signing for Manchester City in 1906. He made his debut for Manchester City in September 1906 in a 4-1 defeat against Arsenal. He made 139 league appearances for Manchester City and scored 3 goals. He subsequently returned to Scotland and played for Dundee, Rangers and Dumbarton. He won one Scotland cap in 1914 in a 0", "id": "5742448" }, { "contents": "Luke Freeman\n\n\nLeague Trophy and League One titles during his first season with the team. He spent two-and-a-half years at Bristol City before joining Queens Park Rangers in January 2017. Freeman began his career at Charlton Athletic, joining the club's academy in 2001 after being scouted playing Sunday league youth football. He spent two years at Charlton before being released \"for being too small\". Following his release from Charlton, Freeman joined Gillingham at the age of 11. He made his first-team debut for Gillingham", "id": "8315727" }, { "contents": "David Provan (footballer, born 1941)\n\n\nDavid Provan (11 March 1941 – 26 November 2016) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for Rangers, Crystal Palace, Plymouth Argyle and St Mirren. Provan also played for Scotland and the Scottish League XI. Provan was a product of the Rangers youth team and played as a full back. He made his debut on 27 December 1958, in a league match away to Third Lanark which Rangers won 3-2. He helped the club win a domestic treble in 1963–4 and played in the 1967 European Cup Winners", "id": "926204" }, { "contents": "Neil Danns\n\n\ndeal. He had rejected an offer from Scottish Premier League club Rangers. Danns made his Leicester City debut, where he started the whole game, in a 1–0 win over Coventry City in the opening game of the season. He scored his first goal for Leicester City on 23 August 2011 in a 4–2 away win against Bury in the League Cup. Danns soon became a first team regular for the side at the start of the season, finding himself rotated. He scored his first league goal for the club against Blackpool in", "id": "141524" }, { "contents": "Billy Blunt\n\n\nWilliam Blunt (5 August 1886 – 1962) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Wolverhampton Wanderers and Bristol Rovers. Blunt joined Second Division Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1908 from nearby non-league side Stafford Rangers. He made his Football League debut on 28 November 1908 in a 1–2 defeat at Oldham Athletic. He scored two in his second appearance (against Clapton Orient) and ended the season with 8 goals. The 1909–10 campaign saw him score 27 goals, making him the club's top goalscorer for the season", "id": "5433307" }, { "contents": "Gordon Ashcroft\n\n\nGordon Aschroft (7 September 1902 – after 1930) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Lea, Lancashire, he played for Coppull Central before joining Football League First Division side Burnley in November 1925. He made his debut for the club on 7 December 1925 in the 3–1 win against Birmingham at Turf Moor. Ashcroft failed to make another first-team appearance for Burnley and was released at the end of the 1926–27 season. In August 1927 he signed for Burscough Rangers, and then played for", "id": "5652868" }, { "contents": "Raul Correia\n\n\ngoal for Guiseley on 16 September in a 1–1 draw away to Wrexham after guiding Will Hatfield's deflected shot from distance past goalkeeper Luke Coddington. Correia made his final appearance in a 4–0 defeat away to Tranmere Rovers on 30 December, and returned to his parent club two days later. On 11 January 2018, Correia joined National League North club York City on loan for the remainder of the season. Two days later, he made his debut by starting in a 2–1 home win against Bradford Park Avenue. He scored his first", "id": "12088537" }, { "contents": "Bobby Main\n\n\nRobert Frame Main (10 February 1909 – 30 March 1985) was a Scottish professional football player, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Main began his career at local team Baillieston Juniors and joined Rangers in 1929, initially as understudy to Sandy Archibald. He was in and out of the side for four years before becoming a regular in 1933. During his spell at the club he won two Scottish league championships, two Scottish Cups, three Glasgow Cups and two Charity Cups. He made 158 appearances for Rangers", "id": "12825737" }, { "contents": "Ian McColl\n\n\nfinal appearance for Rangers was in the 1960 Scottish Cup Final, a 2–0 win against Kilmarnock. He made a total of 526 appearances for the Glasgow club. He also won 14 caps for Scotland and represented the Scottish League XI. After his playing career, he quickly went into management. He was appointed manager of Scotland in 1960 and enjoyed a winning start, beating Northern Ireland 5–2 at Hampden Park. Under McColl's managership, Scotland won British Home Championships in 1962 and 1963. The team beat England 2–0 at Hampden and", "id": "14525157" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Sharp\n\n\nyear later, in 1905 he was snapped up by Woolwich Arsenal of the First Division and promptly became a regular in the side after making his debut against Liverpool on 2 September 1905. He missed only three league games in his first season and reached the FA Cup semi-finals twice in his first two seasons. At Arsenal Sharp also won another three Scotland caps, before Rangers prised him away in April 1908 for £400. In total he played 116 games for Arsenal, scoring 5 goals. His spell at Rangers only", "id": "17959164" }, { "contents": "Craig Beattie\n\n\nplayed a competitive game in two months he missed the game against Dundee United on 25 February as was not match fit. After scoring twice in a bounce game, he made his debut as a substitute on 3 March against Rangers in a 2–1 win at Ibrox. He scored his first goal for Hearts in a 2–2 draw with St Mirren in the Scottish Cup 6th round at Tynecaste on 10 March. He had a second goal in the same match wrongfully ruled out for offside. In just his second league appearance for the club", "id": "12813032" }, { "contents": "Vladimír Weiss (footballer, born 1989)\n\n\nsubstitute. On 19 August 2010, Weiss joined Scottish side Rangers on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. Prior to signing for Rangers, Weiss rejected a move to their city rivals Celtic. He made his Rangers debut against Hibernian at Easter Road on 22 August coming on as a substitute for James Beattie, setting up the second goal with Rangers going on to win 3–0. He scored his first goal for Rangers in a 4–1 home win against Motherwell and five days later made his Champions League debut against Valencia, providing", "id": "535578" }, { "contents": "Ralph Brand\n\n\nplayed his last match for Rangers on 23 April 1965 when he scored the only goal in a 1–0 win over Third Lanark in the final League game of the season. Brand was sold to Manchester City in August that year for £30,000. Two years later he moved to Sunderland before returning to Scottish football at Raith Rovers (managed by his friend Jimmy Millar). He retired in 1970, although he would come out of retirement to play a handful of matches for Hamilton Academical in 1971–72. Brand played for Scotland eight times", "id": "16219219" } ]

[ { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nTommy Cairns (30 October 1890 – 30 November 1967) was a Scottish footballer who played for Bristol City, Peebles Rovers, St Johnstone, Rangers, Bradford City and Scotland. Born in Merryton, Lanarkshire, Cairns made his name in Junior football, helping Burnbank Athletic to the Scottish Junior Cup in 1911. He also appeared for Larkhall Thistle before earning an opportunity in the senior leagues. His first professional club was Bristol City where he played for two seasons from 1911. He joined Peebles Rovers in 1913 and had a short", "id": "21330844" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nan ever-present and scored 11 goals. Cairns enjoyed further League title successes in 1919–20, 1920–21, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1924–25 and 1926–27 before joining Bradford City in 1927. His final Rangers appearance was in a 2–1 win over Queen's Park on 1 March 1927. In his time with Bradford he made 135 appearances and won a Division Three North medal in 1929. He retired from football in 1932 and later worked as a scout for Arsenal. Cairns was also capped at international level, making eight Scotland appearances. He", "id": "21330846" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nspell with St Johnstone before joining Rangers in November 1913. He made his debut against Hamilton Academical on 27 December 1913 and played a total of nine games in his first season as Rangers finished second to rivals Celtic in Division One. Cairns was a regular in the Rangers team the following season, missing just one league game. He continued to be a regular in the team for the next two seasons but it was in season 1917–18 that he won his first League title (Rangers' first for five years). Cairns was", "id": "21330845" }, { "contents": "Kevin Cairns (footballer)\n\n\nin September 1960, making his debut that month in a Scottish Football League match against St Johnstone. After being a first team regular in his first season, Cairns made only one appearance in 1961–62 and was given a free transfer by Dundee United in May 1962. He signed for Southport in August 1962, going on to make 206 appearances in the Football League over the next six years. He then played non-league football for Wigan Athletic, where he played four games in the Cheshire League, and made a further five", "id": "20271756" }, { "contents": "Sandy Archibald\n\n\nRangers won the League title for the first time in 5 seasons. Archibald went on to win thirteen league titles in his seventeen seasons with the Glasgow club. He also won three Scottish Cup medals, the first of which was Rangers' first in 25 years and Archibald scored twice in the final as Rangers defeated Celtic 4–0 at Hampden. His final appearance for Rangers was in a 1–1 draw away to Queen's Park on 30 April 1934. He made 580 appearances for Rangers. Archibald won a total of 8 caps for Scotland", "id": "9747370" }, { "contents": "Arthur Dixon (footballer, born 1892)\n\n\nfirst goal for the club on 8 March 1919 in a 3–0 league win against Hamilton Academical. He enjoyed a benefit match at Ibrox Park on 10 September 1923. A crowd of 10,000 watched Rangers draw 1–1 with Liverpool. The Rangers side was: Hamilton (goalkeeper), Manderson, Meiklejohn, Dixon, McCandless, Archibald, Muirhead, Morton, Hansen, Cairns. The goalscorer for Rangers was Hansen. In total he made 361 appearances (326 league and 35 Scottish Cup) for the club. He scored eight goals (", "id": "11923821" }, { "contents": "Bert Manderson\n\n\nBert Manderson (9 May 1893 – 27 April 1946) was an Irish footballer, who played for Rangers and Ireland. Manderson, a right-back, made his Rangers debut in a 1-1 draw with Aberdeen on 27 March 1915. He had joined Rangers from Glenavon for £150. He previously had spells at Cliftonville and Belfast Celtic. He went on to make 370 league appearances (452 in total) in 12 seasons with the club, winning seven Scottish league titles. Manderson left Rangers to join Bradford Park", "id": "21502381" }, { "contents": "Archie Devine\n\n\nScotland, but he never played for the national side again. He also made one appearance for the Scottish League XI in that season, in a 3–2 win against the English Football League XI. In April 1910 he moved south of the border to Bradford City, and was part of the side that won the 1911 FA Cup Final against Newcastle United. He stayed at Bradford for nearly three years before joining Woolwich Arsenal. He made his debut for Arsenal against Chelsea on 15 February 1913, and was part of the team that", "id": "20302147" }, { "contents": "James Stewart (footballer, born 1883)\n\n\nhe played in the losing side in the final against Bradford City. He made his third, and final, England appearance against Scotland on 1 April 1911 and again scored in a 1–1 draw. All three of his international appearances thus ended 1–1. He continued to be a regular member of the Newcastle side until he was sold to Rangers in 1913 for £600. In his Newcastle career he made a total of 138 appearances with 53 goals. In May 1914 he returned to his native north-east, and non-", "id": "11906121" }, { "contents": "George Waddell\n\n\nGeorge Barr Waddell (29 November 1888 – 17 September 1966) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Scottish Football League for Rangers and in the Football League in England for Bradford City, Preston North End, Oldham Athletic, Birmingham and New Brighton. He played as a wing half. Waddell was born in Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire. He began his football career in junior football before joining Rangers in 1909. He made his debut in Division One on 26 April 1909 in a 3–2 defeat to Queen's Park. Over the", "id": "656965" }, { "contents": "Andrew Shinnie\n\n\ninternational debut for Scotland in November 2012, in a 2–1 win over Luxembourg. Shinnie made his first team debut for Rangers on 17 March 2007, coming on as a substitute for Dado Pršo in a Scottish Premier League match against Aberdeen. On the same day, he scored two goals for Rangers' under-19 team against St Mirren under-19s. In April, he scored the first goal in the 5–0 win over rivals Celtic as Rangers won the 2007 Scottish Youth Cup Final. He went on to sign a new three-year professional", "id": "14751617" }, { "contents": "Bobby McKean\n\n\nRobert Munro McKean (8 December 1952 – 15 March 1978) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for St Mirren and Rangers. He appeared in one full international match for Scotland, in 1976. McKean started his career at local club Blantyre Victoria before moving to St Mirren in 1969. After five seasons in Paisley he joined Rangers for £50,000 in September 1974. He enjoyed a successful spell in Govan and won the league twice in his first two seasons. He was also part of the 1976 Scottish Cup Final winning", "id": "303577" }, { "contents": "Andy Cunningham (footballer)\n\n\n1918–19. In total, he made 389 appearances and scored 182 goals for Rangers. He won 7 League titles and played in Rangers' famous 1928 Scottish Cup final triumph where they defeated Celtic 4–0 to win their first Scottish Cup in 25 years. Cunningham was also capped at international level, playing 12 times for Scotland and scoring 5 goals. He lost just one of his 12 games for Scotland. Cunningham also represented the Scottish League XI 10 times. Cunningham moved to Newcastle United in 1928, becoming the then oldest player to", "id": "19975016" }, { "contents": "Archie Mitchell (footballer)\n\n\nthe team win the Birmingham & District League title in the 1905–06 and 1906–07 seasons. Mitchell departed Villa in 1907. On 2 May 1907, Mitchell joined Southern League First Division club Queens Park Rangers. He had a good start to his career with the Hoops, winning the 1907–08 First Division title in his debut season. A further First Division title was won in 1911–12, with the Charity Shield being lost 2–1 to Football League First Division champions Blackburn Rovers. He remained with Queens Park Rangers through to 1921 and finally made his", "id": "9272843" }, { "contents": "James Bowie (footballer)\n\n\nJames Bowie (9 July 1888 – 7 August 1972) was a Scottish football player and football administrator, who played for and was chairman of Rangers. He began his career at Maryhill Juniors and joined Rangers in December 1910 from Queen's Park. He made his debut against Falkirk on 10 December 1910. During his time at the club he won six League championships and played in a total of 351 competitive games, scoring 70 goals. Bowie won two Scotland caps in 1920, and also played in three wartime internationals in 1919", "id": "4895542" }, { "contents": "James Vaughan (footballer, born 1988)\n\n\n. He made his second debut for the club in the 1–0 defeat by Nottingham Forest on 3 August. After scoring two goals in the League Cup win over Bradford City on 6 August, he scored his first league goal on his return in the 1–1 draw with Queens Park Rangers on 10 August. On 24 August, he scored a hat-trick in a 5–1 win against A.F.C. Bournemouth. Vaughan joined fellow Championship club Birmingham City on 26 November 2015, on loan until 2 January 2016. He made his debut as a", "id": "14499593" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Smith (footballer, born 1911)\n\n\ncontinued their dominance of Scottish football. Smith also collected his first Scottish Cup medal, scoring in a 5-0 defeat of St Mirren in the final at Hampden. Success for Smith and Rangers continued. The League title was again won in 1934–35 with Smith scoring 43 goals in 38 matches, including 6 in a 7-1 defeat of Dunfermline Athletic. He also collected his second Scottish Cup medal, scoring twice in the 2-1 against Hamilton Academical in the final. Rangers went on to win two of the next", "id": "14794886" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\na 4–2 win over Motherwell at the start of the 1946–47 season. He made a total of 13 league appearances in his first season, including a 4–1 win over Hamilton Academical in the last match, as Rangers beat Hibernian to clinch the League title. In the following season, 1947–48, Cox was an ever present as Rangers finished second to Hibs in the league, and won the Scottish Cup after a 1–0 win over Greenock Morton. Cox also netted his first Rangers goal during the season, scoring in a 2–1 win over", "id": "14907540" }, { "contents": "Andrew Little (footballer)\n\n\nas making one appearance for the \"B\" team, he won his first senior cap in March 2009, and appeared nine times in total. A former Ballinamallard United player, he moved from Northern Ireland to Scotland in 2006 to join the Rangers Academy. He scored for the \"Gers\" in the club's Scottish Youth Cup final victory over Old Firm rival's Celtic at Hampden Park in 2008. That season he also helped the club to top the SPFL Development League. He made his senior debut as a substitute for", "id": "5532587" }, { "contents": "Jim Eadie\n\n\nJames Eadie (born 4 February 1947) is a Scottish former professional footballer. During his career, he made over 200 appearances in the Football League in spells with Cardiff City, Chester and Bristol Rovers. Eadie began his career at Rangers but never made a first team appearance for the club, moving to Dumbarton where he played a handful of matches before joining Kirkintilloch Rob Roy. It wasn't until he moved south to play in The Football League that he began to play regular football. He signed for Cardiff City in 1969", "id": "15683889" }, { "contents": "Andrew McAtee\n\n\nconscripted in 1917 and served in Italy. On returning to Scotland McAtee resumed his successful football career with Celtic, participating in two further league title-winning seasons for a total of six. He also featured in a further Scottish Cup victory in 1923, twelve years after his first in 1911, and won four Glasgow Cups, scoring the winning goal against Clyde in the 1920-21 final. He made one appearance for Scotland in 1913 versus Wales but was selected more frequently for the Scottish League XI, playing in seven games", "id": "872940" }, { "contents": "Bobby Russell (footballer, born 1957)\n\n\nRobert Russell (born 11 February 1957 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Russell joined Rangers from Shettleston Juniors in 1977 and made his first team debut against Aberdeen on 13 August that year, aged only 20. The game ended in a 3–1 defeat, however Rangers went on to win the treble that season and Russell cemented his place on the right side of the midfield. He made 370 appearances for the club and won a league championship, two Scottish Cups", "id": "82295" }, { "contents": "Aaron Ramsey\n\n\nMifsud. On 26 April, he scored his first league goal in a 3–3 draw against Burnley. He went on to make his first career league start three weeks later in a 3–1 win over Queens Park Rangers and began to establish himself in the first team, making several more starts in the Cardiff side. He made a total of 22 appearances during the season, his first full season of professional football, and played in five of the club's six FA Cup matches, including the final, becoming the second youngest player", "id": "12732777" }, { "contents": "Daniel Bruce (footballer)\n\n\nCup Final against Queen's Park. The final as scheduled finished as a 1–1 draw; in the replay, Bruce opened the scoring for Vale of Leven but Queen's came back to win 2–1. Soon afterwards, and while still a teenager, Bruce was capped for Scotland. His first and what turned out to be only international appearance came on 22 March 1890 against Wales in the British Home Championship; Scotland won 5–0. He moved to Rangers in 1891 and played four games in the Scottish Football League at the start of", "id": "4264595" }, { "contents": "Joe Hutton (footballer)\n\n\nJoseph \"Joe\" Hutton (18 November 1927 – April 1999) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Gillingham, Millwall, Reading and Stoke City. Hutton was born in Dundee and began his career in England with Reading. He only made eight appearances for the \"Royals\" before going back to Scotland to play for Ayr United. He and Ayr team-mate Bobby Cairns joined Stoke City in 1953. Hutton made an instant impact at the Victoria Ground scoring in his first three matches for the club", "id": "8572530" }, { "contents": "Alex Venters\n\n\nAlexander Venters (9 June 1913 – 30 April 1959) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Cowdenbeath, Rangers and Scotland. Alex Venters, an inside forward, joined Rangers in November 1933 after his first club Cowdenbeath. He spent a total of 13 years at Ibrox Park, winning three Scottish league titles (1935, 1937 and 1939), two Scottish Cups (1935, 1936) and scoring 102 goals in 201 appearances. 18 of these 102 goals came against Celtic in various competitions. In the last season before", "id": "9812289" }, { "contents": "Matt Fry\n\n\nreturned to West Ham having made 32 appearances, scoring one goal, for Charlton. Fry had his contract cancelled by mutual consent with West Ham on 2 February 2012 allowing him to seek first-team football on a regular basis. On 10 February 2012, Fry joined League Two club Bradford City on a free transfer. He made his debut in a 1–1 draw at home to Port Vale on 14 February 2012, in which he played 79 minutes before being substituted. After leaving Bradford, Fry played for Concord Rangers, helping", "id": "20258156" }, { "contents": "Alex Bennett (footballer)\n\n\nand also worked as a sports journalist. He died in Glasgow in 1940. Bennett was capped eleven times for Scotland, gaining three caps while at Celtic and the remaining eight while at Rangers. He made his Scotland debut against Wales in March 1904 and scored his first international goal, again against Wales, four years later. He scored his second international goal in his final Scotland appearance, against Ireland in March 1913. He also appeared ten times in representative matches for the Scottish Football League. At the age of 39 he", "id": "7795002" }, { "contents": "Robert Campbell (footballer, born 1882)\n\n\nRobert Campbell (1882 – 13 March 1931) was a Scottish footballer who played for Partick Thistle, Rangers, Millwall Athletic and Bradford City. He was a full back who won the 1911 FA Cup with Bradford. Born in Lugar in 1882, Campbell started his football career with Partick Thistle, with whom he won a Scottish League representative honour, before moving to Rangers in 1903. He played for Rangers until 1905, making nine appearances and scoring once before he moved to England and Millwall Athletic in the Southern League. He", "id": "15446261" }, { "contents": "Matthew Dickie\n\n\nMatthew Dickie (19 August 1873 – 30 December 1959) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Rangers. Dickie made his Rangers debut against St Mirren in a 5-1 home win at Ibrox on 15 August 1896. He played 126 league matches from a possible 132 in an amazing spell during his time at the club. He went on to make 175 first class appearances in total. Dickie won four League championships, 3 Scottish Cups, 5 Glasgow Cups and represented Scotland three times.", "id": "4766083" }, { "contents": "Michael O'Halloran (footballer)\n\n\nwin over Forfar Athletic. He scored again in Saints' final home game of the season, to conclude a 3–3 draw with former club Celtic. O'Halloran won the Scottish Premiership player of the month award for November 2015. St Johnstone rejected two bids from Rangers for O'Halloran in January 2016. Manager Tommy Wright then left O'Halloran out of their following league game, saying that O'Halloran was not \"mentally ready\" to play. O'Halloran made his final appearance for the club in a 2–1 defeat to Hibernian in the Scottish League Cup semi", "id": "9744181" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Millar (footballer, born 1870)\n\n\ntwo different spells: 1890–96 (winning three Football League championships in four seasons) and 1900–04 (claiming a fourth title), separated by a stint in his homeland at Rangers where he won two Scottish Football League titles and two Scottish Cups. Overall he made 260 appearances for Sunderland, scoring 123 goals. At the time of his death he was the trainer for Chelsea. Millar was capped for Scotland three times between 1897 and 1898 during his time with Rangers, scoring twice, both in matches against England; his first was", "id": "14464136" }, { "contents": "Joe Hendry\n\n\nJoe Hendry was a Scottish football player. Hendry played for Rangers, Greenock Morton and St Johnstone amongst other clubs during his career. Hendry began playing football with Maryhill FC. He joined Greenock Morton in 1907 and stayed there for two years before signing for Rangers. Hendry made his debut in a 1–0 win at home on 23 April 1910 against Clyde and during his eight-year spell with the club Hendry made 147 appearances and scored 7 goals. After leaving Rangers he had spells with Dumbarton, Third Lanark, St Johnstone and", "id": "17804993" }, { "contents": "Gordon Rae\n\n\nGordon Rae (born 3 May 1958) is a retired Scottish footballer, who played mainly as a defender for Hibernian, Partick Thistle, Hamilton Academical and Meadowbank Thistle. He also played sometimes as a centre forward, scoring over 50 goals in the Scottish Football League in his career. Rae signed for Hibernian as a 17-year-old from Whitehill Welfare in 1975. He made his first team debut two years later, and scored in a 2–0 win against Rangers at Ibrox in his second appearance. He became club captain, appeared", "id": "6510043" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Johnstone\n\n\narrival at Celtic, Stein had doubts about Johnstone, considering him too much of an individual player, to the overall detriment of the team, and he left him out of the team for the 1965 Scottish Cup Final. Johnstone soon won Stein round with his skill, and won his first winner's medal on 23 October 1965 when he played in Celtic's 2–1 win over Rangers in the Scottish League Cup Final. His 32 league appearances and nine goals that season helped Celtic win their first league title in 12 years. Johnstone", "id": "811424" }, { "contents": "Eddie Rutherford\n\n\nEdward 'Eddie' Rutherford (8 February 1921 – 29 August 2007) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers, Hearts and Scotland. Born in Govan, Scotland, Rutherford joined Rangers from Mossvale in 1941 but during the Second World War he was posted to England so he guested for Lincoln City and Bradford City. He played three games for Bradford in 1944–45 in the Football League War Cup North section. After he had completed his service, Rutherford returned to Rangers and made his first appearance for the club on 19 October", "id": "14506034" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\n1954 Cox played his last match for Scotland, as he captained the team at Hampden in a 4–2 defeat by England in front on 134,544 spectators. 1954–55 was Cox's last season at Rangers as he made only 15 first-team appearances. He made his final Rangers appearance in a 2–1 defeat to Aberdeen on 19 February 1955. Cox made a total of 370 appearances for Rangers, won 25 caps for Scotland and 13 caps for the Scottish League XI. After his Rangers career, Cox had a spell with East Fife before", "id": "14907543" }, { "contents": "Gary Warren (footballer)\n\n\ngame of the season, Warren made his debut in a 2–2 draw against St Mirren. Two-months later on 22 December 2012, he scored his first goal for Inverness in a 4–1 win over Dundee. In the quarter-final of the Scottish League Cup, he scored his second goal for Inverness in a 3–0 win over Rangers, helping the club to reach the semi-final. In the first part of the season, Warren and his teammates struggled as the club found themselves near the foot of the table,", "id": "16107731" }, { "contents": "Ronnie McKinnon\n\n\nRonald McKinnon (born 20 August 1940 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who played for Rangers and the Scotland national team. MacKinnon, a defender, made his Rangers debut against Hearts on 8 March 1961 in a 3–0 win at Ibrox. He went on to make 473 appearances for Rangers between 1961 and 1972, winning two League championships, four Scottish Cups, three League Cups and a Cup Winners' Cup. He also won a total of 28 caps for Scotland, making his debut in the famous 1", "id": "19851592" }, { "contents": "James Marshall (footballer, born 1908)\n\n\nDr James Marshall (3 January 1908 — 27 December 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for both Rangers and Arsenal as well as the Scotland national side. He played as an inside forward. Marshall was born in Avonbridge, Stirlingshire and joined Rangers from Shettleston in 1925. During his nine-year spell at Ibrox he amassed five League championships and three Scottish Cups. He also won three Scotland caps, all of them against England between 1932 and 1934. In total he scored 138 goals in 257 league appearances for Rangers", "id": "4895243" }, { "contents": "Thomas Murray (footballer)\n\n\nThomas Murray (7 April 1889 – 1976) was an English professional footballer who played as a inside right. Born in Middlesbrough, Murray spent his early career with Middlesbrough, Aberdeen, Rangers and Heart of Midlothian. At Hearts he scored 12 goals in 28 league games between August 1911 and April 1912. He joined Bradford City in June 1912. He made 6 league appearances for Bradford City, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in February 1914 to join Hull City. For Hull he made a further 2 league appearances", "id": "5167081" }, { "contents": "Ernie Thompson (footballer, born 1909)\n\n\n, scoring once in a 2–2 draw; his only other appearance came a week later in a 1–0 home win over Crewe Alexandra. At the end of the season, Thompson joined Second Division Bristol City, but never made a first-team appearance, instead spending his single season with the club playing in the reserves in both the Western Section of the Southern Football League and the Western Football League First Division. He left before the end of the 1929–30 season in February 1930 to join Bath City, playing for them in the", "id": "16156938" }, { "contents": "Alan Morton\n\n\n\"\" (insurance salesman). Morton had already been capped while an amateur before joining Rangers (making his debut for Scotland on 26 February 1920 against Wales) but would go on to play in every international against the \"Auld Enemy\", England, from 1920 to 1932 bar the fixture at Old Trafford in 1926, eventually winning 31 caps. In addition he made 15 appearances (scoring 1 goal) for the Scottish League XI (making his debut on 22 February 1919 against the Football League at St. Andrews, Birmingham", "id": "6451273" }, { "contents": "Dan Thomson\n\n\nDaniel Thomson (born 10 August 1891 in Dundee) was a Scottish professional footballer. Thomson began his career with Aberdeen before moving on to St Johnstone from where he joined Bristol City in the 1925-26 season. He spent the following season with Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic before joining Torquay United in 1927. He played in United's first match in the Football League, a 1-1 draw with local rivals Exeter City at Plainmoor on 27 August 1927. He played in the next eight games for Torquay before losing his place", "id": "2040384" }, { "contents": "Jack Smith (footballer, born 1895)\n\n\nwinning the Scottish Cup in 1920, including scoring the third goal for Kilmarnock in the final when they defeated his former team, Albion Rovers, 3–2. Following a disagreement with Kilmarnock, Smith joined Cowdenbeath, where during 1921–22, he netted 45 goals as they finished runners-up in Division Two. At the season's end he joined Rangers for £3,000, making his debut at Ibrox Park on 15 August 1922, scoring in a 2–0 victory over Alloa Athletic. He only made two further appearances for Rangers, scoring once", "id": "17284045" }, { "contents": "Peter Thomson (footballer)\n\n\nIn two seasons at Kenilworth Road he made 11 League appearances, scoring 3 goals. Scoring twice against Stoke City in a memorable 3-1 away win. He also played two League games whilst on loan at Rushden & Diamonds, scoring once on his debut. He had a brief spell with Morecambe, scoring against Dagenham & Redbridge on his home debut with an overhead kick. Thomson joined Southport in July 2002. He returned to Lancaster City in December 2003 and enjoyed further success with Stafford Rangers in the summer of 2005.", "id": "8805355" }, { "contents": "John McPherson (footballer, born 1868)\n\n\nMcPherson also won three Scottish Cup medals with Rangers, the first in 1894, where he scored in five of Rangers' six matches, including the 3–1 final win over Celtic at Hampden. McPherson also scored in the 1897 final, where Rangers defeated Dumbarton 5–1. His third Scottish Cup winners medal came a year later, 1898, where Rangers defeated McPherson's former club Kilmarnock 2–0. His final recorded appearance for Rangers was in a 2–0 friendly defeat to Glentoran on 2 April 1902. McPherson was also a Scottish International, winning", "id": "8242049" }, { "contents": "James Cairns (forward)\n\n\nJames Cairns (\"unknown\" – \"unknown\") was a footballer who played at inside right for several English clubs, including Lincoln City and Newton Heath in the late 1890s. Cairns began his football career with Stevenston Thistle in 1895, before moving to Glossop North End. In September 1897, he joined Football League side Lincoln City, but before he made an appearance for the club, he had moved on to Newton Heath in April 1898. It took Cairns six months to make his debut for the Heathens, eventually", "id": "22214514" }, { "contents": "Andy Neil\n\n\nAndrew Neil (18 November 1892 – 14 August 1941) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 328 Football League appearances playing as an inside forward or wing half for Brighton & Hove Albion (two spells), Arsenal and Queens Park Rangers. Neil was born in Crosshouse, near Kilmarnock in Ayrshire. He joined Kilmarnock of Division One from junior club Ardeer Thistle, and made his debut on 12 April 1913 away to Motherwell. He played regularly in his second season, and in 1914–15, his 20 goals placed him sixth in", "id": "2233011" }, { "contents": "Ernest Myers (footballer)\n\n\nErnest Myers, also known as Colin Myers, was an English professional footballer who played as an inside left. Born in Chapeltown, Sheffield, Myers spent his early career with Northfleet, Crystal Palace and Hickleton Main Colliery. He joined Bradford City in April 1914, and made 1 league appearance for the club, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in May 1920 to join Southend United, where he scored 2 goals in 23 league games. He later played for Aberdare Athletic, Northampton Town, Queens Park Rangers, Exeter", "id": "5167086" }, { "contents": "Billy Bennett (footballer, born 1955)\n\n\nthen over a year before Bennett made another senior appearance, when he again scored in a 3–0 Hearts win over Berwick Rangers in the final of the East of Scotland Shield. He made his league debut for Hearts on 16 November 1974 in the 1–3 defeat away at Arbroath. Bennett left Hearts in the summer of 1976 to sign for Third Division outfit Berwick Rangers. In two seasons with The Borderers, he played 69 league matches and scored 8 goals. At the start of the 1978–79 season, Bennett joined Forfar Athletic. He", "id": "17097673" }, { "contents": "Jerome Thomas\n\n\nhe scored a goal in the final over Blackburn Rovers. He was loaned out to Second Division side Queens Park Rangers in the 2001–02 and 2002–03 seasons. He made his debut in the Football League on 30 March 2002, in a 3–2 win over Tranmere Rovers at Prenton Park. He scored his first professional goal on 6 April, the only goal of the game against Swindon Town at the County Ground in a 1–0 win for QPR. During his second loan spell in October 2002, he scored long distance goals away at Cheltenham", "id": "9097657" }, { "contents": "Willie Reid (footballer)\n\n\nEngland with Portsmouth. Reid returned to Scotland in April 1909 when signed by Rangers, where he won three league titles in eleven seasons. He was the club's top scorer for six consecutive seasons, between 1910 and 1916. He received all his caps for Scottish national side while with Rangers. Reid made his Scotland debut in a 2–2 draw with Wales in 1911 and earned his last cap three years later, against England. Reid also represented the Scottish League XI. His football career was interrupted by the First World War,", "id": "15187335" }, { "contents": "Stephen McGinn\n\n\nRangers, where St Mirren won 1–0, the team's first home league win over Rangers in 22 years. McGinn started the 2009–10 season on bench in the Scottish League Cup game but then went on to score on his first start of the season in a 2–1 loss to Hibernian on 15 August 2009. He continued his season with a brace against Kilmarnock at Rugby Park, where The Buddies came from behind to win 2–1. McGinn signed for Watford in January 2010, for an undisclosed fee. He made his first Watford appearance", "id": "14258787" }, { "contents": "Anthony Ralston\n\n\nAnthony Ralston (born 16 November 1998) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Celtic. He also spent several months on loan at Queens Park in 2015 and at Dundee United in 2018. Ralston made his debut for the Celtic first team on 11 May 2016, in a 2–1 defeat against St Johnstone. He scored his first goal for Celtic in a 5–0 Scottish League Cup win over Kilmarnock on 8 August 2017. He made some further appearances early in the 2017–18 season, including a Champions League match against Paris Saint-", "id": "17673352" }, { "contents": "Sam Gallacher\n\n\nSamuel Gallacher (born 23 December 1904) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a centre half. Born in Annbank, Gallacher played for Larkfield Juniors and Cadzow St. Anne's in his native Scotland, before moving to England to join Bradford City in May 1924. For Bradford City he made 40 appearances in the Football League, scoring 2 goals. He left the club in August 1927 to join Crystal Palace. He later played for Lincoln City, making 13 appearances in the Football League as well as one FA Cup appearance", "id": "4883696" }, { "contents": "Julien Rodriguez\n\n\nJulien Rodriguez (born 11 June 1978 in Béziers, France) is a French former professional footballer who played as a defender. Rodriguez started his career at AS Monaco, making 135 appearances for the club and helping them to reach the 2004 Champions League final. He joined Scottish Premier League club Rangers in August 2005 for £1m. He scored his first goal for Rangers on 11 March 2006 in Rangers' 4–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Ibrox Stadium and made a total of 30 appearances in his debut season with the club.", "id": "11830556" }, { "contents": "Mark Williams (Scottish footballer)\n\n\n-year contract by his former St Mirren manager Danny Lennon. Nine days later he made his debut, playing the full 90 minutes as they won 1–0 at Highland League team Brora Rangers in the first round of the Scottish Challenge Cup. On 8 August he played his first league game, a 3–1 loss away to Queen of the South. In February 2016, he moved on loan to Arbroath in Scottish League Two; on 12 March he scored his first career goal to conclude a 3–0 win over East Stirlingshire at Gayfield Park", "id": "15479008" }, { "contents": "Jack Blackman (English footballer)\n\n\nJohn James Blackman (25 November 1912 – 1987) was an English retired professional footballer who played in the Football League for Crystal Palace and Queens Park Rangers as a forward. He also played non-league football for Guildford City. Blackman began his career at Queens Park Rangers and in October 1935, signed for Crystal Palace, then playing in the Football League Third Division South. He made a goal-scoring debut in November in a home 5–0 win against Millwall and went on to make 27 appearances that season scoring 19 times", "id": "13124108" }, { "contents": "Paul Bennett (footballer, born 1961)\n\n\nPaul Bennett (born 30 January 1961) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Port Vale. Bennett was an Everton youth team player before joining Port Vale in September 1978. He made his debut as a substitute in a 1–1 draw with Peterborough United at London Road on 1 November 1980, and three weeks later he scored his first goal in a 4–2 win over Bradford City. He went on to play 26 Fourth Division games in the 1980–81 season, and scored his first goal in the Football League", "id": "4265172" }, { "contents": "Nicol Smith\n\n\nNicol Smith (25 December 1873 – 6 January 1905) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers. Born in Darvel, Ayrshire, Smith played as a fullback for local sides Vale of Irvine, Royal Albert and Darvel, earning junior international selection, before joining Rangers in 1893. He made only two league appearances in his first season at the club, but by 1893–94, he had established himself in the Rangers team, missing just one of the 18 league fixtures. During that season he was also responsible for bringing Alex", "id": "20560230" }, { "contents": "Bill Paterson (footballer, born 1930)\n\n\nthe proceeds adding to the transfer deal. He had a relatively unsuccessful three years on Tyneside and so returned to Scotland to join Rangers for £3,500. His debut came on 13 August 1958 in a 2-1 home league win against Partick Thistle. That was the first of three appearances that he would make that entire season. Overall Paterson did go on to make 116 top team appearances for the club and won two Scottish league championships. He also claimed a Scottish Cup, a Scottish League Cup, a Charity Cup winners", "id": "14236809" }, { "contents": "David McClure (footballer)\n\n\nDavid McClure was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a right-back who had spells in Scotland, Ireland and England. He was born in Slamannan, Stirlingshire, but began his footballing career in Ireland with Glenavon. McClure then returned to Scotland to play Junior league football with Dunipace, before joining Scottish Football League club St Johnstone in 1924. In June 1927, he was signed by Football League Third Division North club Nelson and made his debut for the club on 24 September 1927 in the 2–1 win against Durham City.", "id": "19923020" }, { "contents": "Arthur Adey\n\n\nArthur Lewis Adey (1 March 1930 - January 1994) was a Scottish professional association football player of the 1950s. Born in Glasgow, he was a centre forward and began his professional career with Doncaster Rovers and later played for Gillingham and Bradford Park Avenue. He made 68 appearances in The Football League and scored 15 goals. He signed for Doncaster Rovers in September 1950, following his move from Bishop Auckland and made his professional debut in Division Two on 14 April 1951 against Queens Park Rangers. In 1954, after three more", "id": "17203075" }, { "contents": "Billy Hogg\n\n\nWilliam Hogg (29 May 1879 – 30 January 1937) was an English footballer who played at outside right, winning the Football League championship with Sunderland in 1901–02, before moving to Scotland where he won the Scottish League title three times with Rangers. He also made three appearances for England in 1902. Hogg was born in Sunderland and was playing local football with Willington Athletic when he was spotted by Sunderland where he became a professional in October 1899. He made his debut on 2 December 1899, scoring in a 5–0 victory over", "id": "13514822" }, { "contents": "John Ballantyne (footballer)\n\n\nJohn Ballantyne (30 June 1892 – after 1917) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 20 appearances in the Football League playing for Birmingham and played for Scottish Football League clubs Kilmarnock, Vale of Leven and Rangers. He played as an outside right. Ballantyne was born in Riccarton, Ayrshire. He played for Kilmarnock and Vale of Leven before coming to England to join Football League Second Division club Birmingham in April 1913. He made his debut on 26 April 1913, the last day of the 1912–13 season, in a 2–1", "id": "2299260" }, { "contents": "Liam Burt\n\n\nLiam Burt (born 1 February 1999) is a Scottish footballer who last played for Rangers, as a midfielder. He made his first team debut for Rangers in March 2016, and has also played on loan for Dumbarton and Alloa Athletic. Burt has represented Scotland at various youth levels up to under-21 level. Burt played youth football for Celtic before being released and subsequently joining the Rangers Academy. He made his professional debut for the club aged seventeen during a Scottish Championship match against Raith Rovers on 1 March 2016. A few", "id": "3837470" }, { "contents": "James Hamilton (footballer, born 1901)\n\n\nJames Hamilton (16 June 1901 – 1975) was a Scottish footballer who played for Vale of Clyde, St Mirren, Rangers, Blackpool, Barrow, Armadale and Scotland. He was a full-back. Bargeddie-born Hamilton made his debut for Harry Evans' Blackpool at home to Bristol City on 15 September 1928, six games into their 1928–29 Football League campaign. He made a further 24 League appearances that season as \"the Tangerines\" finished eighth in Division Two. He started the first three League games of the", "id": "1708146" }, { "contents": "John Campbell (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\nJohn William Campbell (2 October 1877 – 20 January 1919) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Linthouse, Partick Thistle, Blackburn Rovers, Rangers, West Ham United, Hibernian and the Scotland national team. He was born in Glasgow and gained the most success in his career with Rangers with whom he won four successive league titles (1898–99, 1899–00, 1900–01 and 1901–02) the first of which Rangers won all 18 of their Scottish league matches. He also represented Scotland at international level, winning four caps and scoring", "id": "13889025" }, { "contents": "Matt Hill (footballer)\n\n\nMatthew Clayton Hill (born 26 March 1981) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for Bradford Park Avenue. Born in Bristol, Hill started his career with Bristol City where he made over 200 appearances. He subsequently joined Preston North End where he also spent a successful spell, playing over 100 times for the Lancashire club. A move to Wolverhampton Wanderers followed but first team opportunities were more limited and he was loaned to Queens Park Rangers before leaving to join Barnsley. After only one season at the South Yorkshire club", "id": "15275700" }, { "contents": "Dennis O'Donnell\n\n\nDennis O'Donnell (q1 1880 – after 1908) was an English professional footballer who scored 41 goals from 167 appearances in the Football League playing as a forward for Lincoln City, Sunderland, Notts County and Bradford Park Avenue. He also played in the Southern League for Queens Park Rangers. O'Donnell was born in Willington Quay, then in Northumberland. He made his debut for Lincoln City on 5 October 1901 in a 2–1 win at home to Middlesbrough in the Football League Second Division, and played for the club until the end of", "id": "1332551" }, { "contents": "William McLachlan (footballer)\n\n\nWilliam McLachlan (born 19 March 1989) is a Scottish footballer currently playing for Irvine Meadow in the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region. He has previously played in the Scottish Football League First Division for Airdrie United and for Australian club Melbourne Knights in the Victorian Premier League. McLachlan began his career with Rangers and appeared for the Scotland U-16 team in a Victory Shield match against Northern Ireland in October 2004. In December 2008, he joined Airdrie United on loan. He made his debut against St Johnstone on 20 December.", "id": "18351658" }, { "contents": "Bruno Andrade (footballer, born 1993)\n\n\njoined Lincoln City for the 2018-19 League Two season for a free transfer on the 24th May 2018. Born in Portugal, Andrade joined the Queens Park Rangers academy at the age of 13. He made his debut for Queens Park Rangers against Preston North End on 20 November 2010. He then made his second appearance for the club against Blackburn Rovers in the FA Cup. He replaced Jamie Mackie who had broken his leg. He made a further two first-team appearances at the beginning of the 2011–12 season, including", "id": "14654306" }, { "contents": "John Walker (footballer, born 1873)\n\n\nscored the winning goal against West Bromwich Albion on the final day of the season to secure the title. Walker played another 18 times for Liverpool in 1901–02 before returning to Scotland to join Rangers, who had just won a fourth successive domestic title but were also facing financial troubles due to the reconstruction work required on their stadium after the recent 1902 Ibrox disaster. He scored at a rate of nearly a goal every two league games over his three seasons with the Glasgow club, and appeared in two further Scottish Cup finals. In", "id": "15474189" }, { "contents": "Charles Dennington\n\n\nCharles Dennington (born 7 October 1899, died 1943) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Beccles, Dennington played for Norwich City, Bradford City and Kirkley. He joined Norwich from his home town club, Beccles Town, and made his debut in a 1-1 draw against Queens Park Rangers in the Third Division (South) in August 1922, establishing himself as the Canaries' first choice ahead of William O'Hagen and Ernest Williamson. He missed just twenty League games over the next five", "id": "8086327" }, { "contents": "Davy McDougall\n\n\nside of 1899–00. He was also with Rangers without apparently making a first team appearance. In summer 1900 he joined Southern League Bristol City from Partick Thistle making his debut at outside left in a 0–2 defeat at Luton Town on 15 September 1900. He made 11 appearances scoring 2 goals playing on both right and left wings in season 1900–01 when Bristol City were runners up in the Southern League. He also played on both wings in 12 Western League games scoring 2 goals. He rejoined Rangers in the summer of 1901 making 4", "id": "20661422" }, { "contents": "Gordon Smith (footballer, born December 1954)\n\n\n. He was sold to Rangers in 1977 for £65,000. In his first season with Rangers, Smith won the domestic treble, scoring 27 goals from midfield. He also scored the winning goal in the 1978 Scottish League Cup Final, against Celtic. He was sold to Brighton & Hove Albion in 1980 for a record transfer fee of £440,000. He returned to Rangers on loan in December 1982, playing in the 1982 League Cup Final defeat by Celtic. Smith made three appearances during his loan spell, without scoring.", "id": "8508165" }, { "contents": "George Stewart (footballer, born 1932)\n\n\nGeorge Stewart (16 November 1932 – 22 May 1998) was a Scottish footballer, who played as a goalkeeper for Petershill Juniors, Raith Rovers, Stirling Albion, Montrose and Bradford City. Born in Larkhall in 1932, Stewart started his career with junior side Petershill. He was capped by the Scotland junior select team while with the club. He joined the senior game when he signed for Raith Rovers in 1952. He made 68 appearances in the Scottish Football League for three clubs in seven seasons, before moving to England to", "id": "22044872" }, { "contents": "Tommy Anderson (footballer)\n\n\nfor a fee of £1,000, but in November the same year he moved to Queen's Park Rangers. He had only played five league games for Bournemouth, scoring once. He went on to score 3 times in 10 league games for Rangers in the 1958–59 season. He moved again in July 1959, signing for Torquay United. He made his debut on 22 August 1959, the first day of the 1959–60 season, in a 2–1 home win against Doncaster Rovers. In his season with Torquay he played in nine league", "id": "2845776" }, { "contents": "Richard Edghill\n\n\nof Sun Jihai served to further limit Richard's opportunities at the club and he was released at the end of the 2001–02 promotion winning campaign, having made a total of 207 appearances for the club in nine years. Following his release Edghill had short unsuccessful spells with Wigan Athletic and Sheffield United before joining Queens Park Rangers in August 2003. In the 2005 close season Edghill joined Bradford City on a free transfer. At Bradford he scored twice; against Tranmere Rovers in the league and Barnsley in the FA Cup. He was one", "id": "9473165" }, { "contents": "John Blackwood (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\n, who then sold him to Football League Second Division club Woolwich Arsenal. After joining Woolwich Arsenal in May 1900, Blackwood scored on his debut, in a 2–1 win over Gainsborough Trinity on the opening day of the 1900–01 season. This was to be his only season with the club; he scored six goals in 17 league appearances. He also scored during his one appearance in the FA Cup, against Darwen on 5 January 1901. He left for Reading in May 1901. In November 1902, Blackwood joined Queens Park Rangers", "id": "4952881" }, { "contents": "David Amoo\n\n\nRobinson's first-team however, and made just two further substitute appeareances at Stadium MK before returning to Anfield on 23 February. On 28 February, he joined Championship side Hull City on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. He made his \"Tigers\" debut coming on as a replacement for Jay Simpson in a 1–0 win at Nottingham Forest on 5 March. He scored his first goal in senior football in a 1–1 draw at Queens Park Rangers on 25 April. Unable to break into Nigel Pearson's first-", "id": "5142268" }, { "contents": "Chris Brandon\n\n\nin Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, on 7 April 1976. He attended Yorkshire Martyrs Collegiate School in Bradford and supported the city's Football League team Bradford City. Brandon started his football career as a trainee for Bradford City, but he was dropped by their academy and joined non-league side Bradford Park Avenue. He later played for Farsley Celtic before joining Stafford Rangers. He played 32 times for Rangers over two seasons before returning to play for Bradford Park Avenue. In his two spells with Park Avenue, Brandon played", "id": "14931377" }, { "contents": "Sam Charnley\n\n\nSamuel \"Sam\" Charnley (18 November 1902 – 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for Wolverhampton Wanderers in the Football League. Born in Craigneuk, a suburb of Wishaw, North Lanarkshire, Charnley played for Burnbank Athletic before joining Wolverhampton Wanderers of the Football League Second Division in January 1925. He made his debut on 12 September 1925 in a 4–1 win against Portsmouth. After making 55 appearances in total, scoring once, he joined Midland League team York City in August 1928. He captained York in the 1928–29 season", "id": "10736957" }, { "contents": "Sébastien Faure (footballer)\n\n\n. Faure joined Rangers on a three-year deal pending international clearance on 21 August 2012. After the move, Faure says he joined Rangers because Manager Ally McCoist persuaded him to join. He made his debut against First Division side Falkirk in the Scottish League Cup on 30 August 2012. It was on 23 February 2013, when Faure scored his first ever senior goal. This came whilst playing Third Division Berwick Rangers and it contributed to a 3–1 win away from home. Faure had his first run out of the season in", "id": "5596733" }, { "contents": "Dave MacFarlane\n\n\nDave MacFarlane (16 January 1967 – 30 October 2013) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Kilmarnock. MacFarlane began his career with Ayr United Boys Club before joining Rangers. Whilst at Ibrox he made seven league appearances and picked up a winner's medal in October 1986 when he came on as a second-half substitute in Rangers 2-1 win over Celtic in the Scottish League Cup Final. MacFarlane also had loan spells with Kilmarnock and Dundee, before joining the former on a permanent", "id": "7049582" }, { "contents": "Rocco Quinn\n\n\nAugust 2009. His league debut was the 1–1 home draw a week later against Raith Rovers. He scored league goals that season in games against Ayr United, Partick Thistle and a double against Greenock Morton. The Palmerston Park side ended the season in fifth place. He also played on 23 September 2009 in the 2–1 home League Cup defeat against Rangers. In total Quinn made 35 competitive first team appearances in his first season. The QoS website confirmed on 18 June 2011 that Quinn had left and signed for Ross County. In", "id": "16760979" }, { "contents": "Tommy Kelso\n\n\nTommy Kelso (6 May 1882-29 January 1974) was a Scottish footballer who played as a full back for Manchester City between 1906 and 1911. Kelso started his career at Third Lanark before signing for Manchester City in 1906. He made his debut for Manchester City in September 1906 in a 4-1 defeat against Arsenal. He made 139 league appearances for Manchester City and scored 3 goals. He subsequently returned to Scotland and played for Dundee, Rangers and Dumbarton. He won one Scotland cap in 1914 in a 0", "id": "5742448" }, { "contents": "Luke Freeman\n\n\nLeague Trophy and League One titles during his first season with the team. He spent two-and-a-half years at Bristol City before joining Queens Park Rangers in January 2017. Freeman began his career at Charlton Athletic, joining the club's academy in 2001 after being scouted playing Sunday league youth football. He spent two years at Charlton before being released \"for being too small\". Following his release from Charlton, Freeman joined Gillingham at the age of 11. He made his first-team debut for Gillingham", "id": "8315727" }, { "contents": "David Provan (footballer, born 1941)\n\n\nDavid Provan (11 March 1941 – 26 November 2016) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for Rangers, Crystal Palace, Plymouth Argyle and St Mirren. Provan also played for Scotland and the Scottish League XI. Provan was a product of the Rangers youth team and played as a full back. He made his debut on 27 December 1958, in a league match away to Third Lanark which Rangers won 3-2. He helped the club win a domestic treble in 1963–4 and played in the 1967 European Cup Winners", "id": "926204" }, { "contents": "Neil Danns\n\n\ndeal. He had rejected an offer from Scottish Premier League club Rangers. Danns made his Leicester City debut, where he started the whole game, in a 1–0 win over Coventry City in the opening game of the season. He scored his first goal for Leicester City on 23 August 2011 in a 4–2 away win against Bury in the League Cup. Danns soon became a first team regular for the side at the start of the season, finding himself rotated. He scored his first league goal for the club against Blackpool in", "id": "141524" }, { "contents": "Billy Blunt\n\n\nWilliam Blunt (5 August 1886 – 1962) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Wolverhampton Wanderers and Bristol Rovers. Blunt joined Second Division Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1908 from nearby non-league side Stafford Rangers. He made his Football League debut on 28 November 1908 in a 1–2 defeat at Oldham Athletic. He scored two in his second appearance (against Clapton Orient) and ended the season with 8 goals. The 1909–10 campaign saw him score 27 goals, making him the club's top goalscorer for the season", "id": "5433307" }, { "contents": "Gordon Ashcroft\n\n\nGordon Aschroft (7 September 1902 – after 1930) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Lea, Lancashire, he played for Coppull Central before joining Football League First Division side Burnley in November 1925. He made his debut for the club on 7 December 1925 in the 3–1 win against Birmingham at Turf Moor. Ashcroft failed to make another first-team appearance for Burnley and was released at the end of the 1926–27 season. In August 1927 he signed for Burscough Rangers, and then played for", "id": "5652868" }, { "contents": "Raul Correia\n\n\ngoal for Guiseley on 16 September in a 1–1 draw away to Wrexham after guiding Will Hatfield's deflected shot from distance past goalkeeper Luke Coddington. Correia made his final appearance in a 4–0 defeat away to Tranmere Rovers on 30 December, and returned to his parent club two days later. On 11 January 2018, Correia joined National League North club York City on loan for the remainder of the season. Two days later, he made his debut by starting in a 2–1 home win against Bradford Park Avenue. He scored his first", "id": "12088537" }, { "contents": "Bobby Main\n\n\nRobert Frame Main (10 February 1909 – 30 March 1985) was a Scottish professional football player, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Main began his career at local team Baillieston Juniors and joined Rangers in 1929, initially as understudy to Sandy Archibald. He was in and out of the side for four years before becoming a regular in 1933. During his spell at the club he won two Scottish league championships, two Scottish Cups, three Glasgow Cups and two Charity Cups. He made 158 appearances for Rangers", "id": "12825737" }, { "contents": "Ian McColl\n\n\nfinal appearance for Rangers was in the 1960 Scottish Cup Final, a 2–0 win against Kilmarnock. He made a total of 526 appearances for the Glasgow club. He also won 14 caps for Scotland and represented the Scottish League XI. After his playing career, he quickly went into management. He was appointed manager of Scotland in 1960 and enjoyed a winning start, beating Northern Ireland 5–2 at Hampden Park. Under McColl's managership, Scotland won British Home Championships in 1962 and 1963. The team beat England 2–0 at Hampden and", "id": "14525157" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Sharp\n\n\nyear later, in 1905 he was snapped up by Woolwich Arsenal of the First Division and promptly became a regular in the side after making his debut against Liverpool on 2 September 1905. He missed only three league games in his first season and reached the FA Cup semi-finals twice in his first two seasons. At Arsenal Sharp also won another three Scotland caps, before Rangers prised him away in April 1908 for £400. In total he played 116 games for Arsenal, scoring 5 goals. His spell at Rangers only", "id": "17959164" }, { "contents": "Craig Beattie\n\n\nplayed a competitive game in two months he missed the game against Dundee United on 25 February as was not match fit. After scoring twice in a bounce game, he made his debut as a substitute on 3 March against Rangers in a 2–1 win at Ibrox. He scored his first goal for Hearts in a 2–2 draw with St Mirren in the Scottish Cup 6th round at Tynecaste on 10 March. He had a second goal in the same match wrongfully ruled out for offside. In just his second league appearance for the club", "id": "12813032" }, { "contents": "Vladimír Weiss (footballer, born 1989)\n\n\nsubstitute. On 19 August 2010, Weiss joined Scottish side Rangers on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. Prior to signing for Rangers, Weiss rejected a move to their city rivals Celtic. He made his Rangers debut against Hibernian at Easter Road on 22 August coming on as a substitute for James Beattie, setting up the second goal with Rangers going on to win 3–0. He scored his first goal for Rangers in a 4–1 home win against Motherwell and five days later made his Champions League debut against Valencia, providing", "id": "535578" }, { "contents": "Ralph Brand\n\n\nplayed his last match for Rangers on 23 April 1965 when he scored the only goal in a 1–0 win over Third Lanark in the final League game of the season. Brand was sold to Manchester City in August that year for £30,000. Two years later he moved to Sunderland before returning to Scottish football at Raith Rovers (managed by his friend Jimmy Millar). He retired in 1970, although he would come out of retirement to play a handful of matches for Hamilton Academical in 1971–72. Brand played for Scotland eight times", "id": "16219219" } ]

[ { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nTommy Cairns (30 October 1890 – 30 November 1967) was a Scottish footballer who played for Bristol City, Peebles Rovers, St Johnstone, Rangers, Bradford City and Scotland. Born in Merryton, Lanarkshire, Cairns made his name in Junior football, helping Burnbank Athletic to the Scottish Junior Cup in 1911. He also appeared for Larkhall Thistle before earning an opportunity in the senior leagues. His first professional club was Bristol City where he played for two seasons from 1911. He joined Peebles Rovers in 1913 and had a short", "id": "21330844" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nan ever-present and scored 11 goals. Cairns enjoyed further League title successes in 1919–20, 1920–21, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1924–25 and 1926–27 before joining Bradford City in 1927. His final Rangers appearance was in a 2–1 win over Queen's Park on 1 March 1927. In his time with Bradford he made 135 appearances and won a Division Three North medal in 1929. He retired from football in 1932 and later worked as a scout for Arsenal. Cairns was also capped at international level, making eight Scotland appearances. He", "id": "21330846" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nspell with St Johnstone before joining Rangers in November 1913. He made his debut against Hamilton Academical on 27 December 1913 and played a total of nine games in his first season as Rangers finished second to rivals Celtic in Division One. Cairns was a regular in the Rangers team the following season, missing just one league game. He continued to be a regular in the team for the next two seasons but it was in season 1917–18 that he won his first League title (Rangers' first for five years). Cairns was", "id": "21330845" }, { "contents": "Kevin Cairns (footballer)\n\n\nin September 1960, making his debut that month in a Scottish Football League match against St Johnstone. After being a first team regular in his first season, Cairns made only one appearance in 1961–62 and was given a free transfer by Dundee United in May 1962. He signed for Southport in August 1962, going on to make 206 appearances in the Football League over the next six years. He then played non-league football for Wigan Athletic, where he played four games in the Cheshire League, and made a further five", "id": "20271756" }, { "contents": "Sandy Archibald\n\n\nRangers won the League title for the first time in 5 seasons. Archibald went on to win thirteen league titles in his seventeen seasons with the Glasgow club. He also won three Scottish Cup medals, the first of which was Rangers' first in 25 years and Archibald scored twice in the final as Rangers defeated Celtic 4–0 at Hampden. His final appearance for Rangers was in a 1–1 draw away to Queen's Park on 30 April 1934. He made 580 appearances for Rangers. Archibald won a total of 8 caps for Scotland", "id": "9747370" }, { "contents": "Arthur Dixon (footballer, born 1892)\n\n\nfirst goal for the club on 8 March 1919 in a 3–0 league win against Hamilton Academical. He enjoyed a benefit match at Ibrox Park on 10 September 1923. A crowd of 10,000 watched Rangers draw 1–1 with Liverpool. The Rangers side was: Hamilton (goalkeeper), Manderson, Meiklejohn, Dixon, McCandless, Archibald, Muirhead, Morton, Hansen, Cairns. The goalscorer for Rangers was Hansen. In total he made 361 appearances (326 league and 35 Scottish Cup) for the club. He scored eight goals (", "id": "11923821" }, { "contents": "Bert Manderson\n\n\nBert Manderson (9 May 1893 – 27 April 1946) was an Irish footballer, who played for Rangers and Ireland. Manderson, a right-back, made his Rangers debut in a 1-1 draw with Aberdeen on 27 March 1915. He had joined Rangers from Glenavon for £150. He previously had spells at Cliftonville and Belfast Celtic. He went on to make 370 league appearances (452 in total) in 12 seasons with the club, winning seven Scottish league titles. Manderson left Rangers to join Bradford Park", "id": "21502381" }, { "contents": "Archie Devine\n\n\nScotland, but he never played for the national side again. He also made one appearance for the Scottish League XI in that season, in a 3–2 win against the English Football League XI. In April 1910 he moved south of the border to Bradford City, and was part of the side that won the 1911 FA Cup Final against Newcastle United. He stayed at Bradford for nearly three years before joining Woolwich Arsenal. He made his debut for Arsenal against Chelsea on 15 February 1913, and was part of the team that", "id": "20302147" }, { "contents": "James Stewart (footballer, born 1883)\n\n\nhe played in the losing side in the final against Bradford City. He made his third, and final, England appearance against Scotland on 1 April 1911 and again scored in a 1–1 draw. All three of his international appearances thus ended 1–1. He continued to be a regular member of the Newcastle side until he was sold to Rangers in 1913 for £600. In his Newcastle career he made a total of 138 appearances with 53 goals. In May 1914 he returned to his native north-east, and non-", "id": "11906121" }, { "contents": "George Waddell\n\n\nGeorge Barr Waddell (29 November 1888 – 17 September 1966) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Scottish Football League for Rangers and in the Football League in England for Bradford City, Preston North End, Oldham Athletic, Birmingham and New Brighton. He played as a wing half. Waddell was born in Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire. He began his football career in junior football before joining Rangers in 1909. He made his debut in Division One on 26 April 1909 in a 3–2 defeat to Queen's Park. Over the", "id": "656965" }, { "contents": "Andrew Shinnie\n\n\ninternational debut for Scotland in November 2012, in a 2–1 win over Luxembourg. Shinnie made his first team debut for Rangers on 17 March 2007, coming on as a substitute for Dado Pršo in a Scottish Premier League match against Aberdeen. On the same day, he scored two goals for Rangers' under-19 team against St Mirren under-19s. In April, he scored the first goal in the 5–0 win over rivals Celtic as Rangers won the 2007 Scottish Youth Cup Final. He went on to sign a new three-year professional", "id": "14751617" }, { "contents": "Bobby McKean\n\n\nRobert Munro McKean (8 December 1952 – 15 March 1978) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for St Mirren and Rangers. He appeared in one full international match for Scotland, in 1976. McKean started his career at local club Blantyre Victoria before moving to St Mirren in 1969. After five seasons in Paisley he joined Rangers for £50,000 in September 1974. He enjoyed a successful spell in Govan and won the league twice in his first two seasons. He was also part of the 1976 Scottish Cup Final winning", "id": "303577" }, { "contents": "Andy Cunningham (footballer)\n\n\n1918–19. In total, he made 389 appearances and scored 182 goals for Rangers. He won 7 League titles and played in Rangers' famous 1928 Scottish Cup final triumph where they defeated Celtic 4–0 to win their first Scottish Cup in 25 years. Cunningham was also capped at international level, playing 12 times for Scotland and scoring 5 goals. He lost just one of his 12 games for Scotland. Cunningham also represented the Scottish League XI 10 times. Cunningham moved to Newcastle United in 1928, becoming the then oldest player to", "id": "19975016" }, { "contents": "Archie Mitchell (footballer)\n\n\nthe team win the Birmingham & District League title in the 1905–06 and 1906–07 seasons. Mitchell departed Villa in 1907. On 2 May 1907, Mitchell joined Southern League First Division club Queens Park Rangers. He had a good start to his career with the Hoops, winning the 1907–08 First Division title in his debut season. A further First Division title was won in 1911–12, with the Charity Shield being lost 2–1 to Football League First Division champions Blackburn Rovers. He remained with Queens Park Rangers through to 1921 and finally made his", "id": "9272843" }, { "contents": "James Bowie (footballer)\n\n\nJames Bowie (9 July 1888 – 7 August 1972) was a Scottish football player and football administrator, who played for and was chairman of Rangers. He began his career at Maryhill Juniors and joined Rangers in December 1910 from Queen's Park. He made his debut against Falkirk on 10 December 1910. During his time at the club he won six League championships and played in a total of 351 competitive games, scoring 70 goals. Bowie won two Scotland caps in 1920, and also played in three wartime internationals in 1919", "id": "4895542" }, { "contents": "James Vaughan (footballer, born 1988)\n\n\n. He made his second debut for the club in the 1–0 defeat by Nottingham Forest on 3 August. After scoring two goals in the League Cup win over Bradford City on 6 August, he scored his first league goal on his return in the 1–1 draw with Queens Park Rangers on 10 August. On 24 August, he scored a hat-trick in a 5–1 win against A.F.C. Bournemouth. Vaughan joined fellow Championship club Birmingham City on 26 November 2015, on loan until 2 January 2016. He made his debut as a", "id": "14499593" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Smith (footballer, born 1911)\n\n\ncontinued their dominance of Scottish football. Smith also collected his first Scottish Cup medal, scoring in a 5-0 defeat of St Mirren in the final at Hampden. Success for Smith and Rangers continued. The League title was again won in 1934–35 with Smith scoring 43 goals in 38 matches, including 6 in a 7-1 defeat of Dunfermline Athletic. He also collected his second Scottish Cup medal, scoring twice in the 2-1 against Hamilton Academical in the final. Rangers went on to win two of the next", "id": "14794886" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\na 4–2 win over Motherwell at the start of the 1946–47 season. He made a total of 13 league appearances in his first season, including a 4–1 win over Hamilton Academical in the last match, as Rangers beat Hibernian to clinch the League title. In the following season, 1947–48, Cox was an ever present as Rangers finished second to Hibs in the league, and won the Scottish Cup after a 1–0 win over Greenock Morton. Cox also netted his first Rangers goal during the season, scoring in a 2–1 win over", "id": "14907540" }, { "contents": "Andrew Little (footballer)\n\n\nas making one appearance for the \"B\" team, he won his first senior cap in March 2009, and appeared nine times in total. A former Ballinamallard United player, he moved from Northern Ireland to Scotland in 2006 to join the Rangers Academy. He scored for the \"Gers\" in the club's Scottish Youth Cup final victory over Old Firm rival's Celtic at Hampden Park in 2008. That season he also helped the club to top the SPFL Development League. He made his senior debut as a substitute for", "id": "5532587" }, { "contents": "Jim Eadie\n\n\nJames Eadie (born 4 February 1947) is a Scottish former professional footballer. During his career, he made over 200 appearances in the Football League in spells with Cardiff City, Chester and Bristol Rovers. Eadie began his career at Rangers but never made a first team appearance for the club, moving to Dumbarton where he played a handful of matches before joining Kirkintilloch Rob Roy. It wasn't until he moved south to play in The Football League that he began to play regular football. He signed for Cardiff City in 1969", "id": "15683889" }, { "contents": "Andrew McAtee\n\n\nconscripted in 1917 and served in Italy. On returning to Scotland McAtee resumed his successful football career with Celtic, participating in two further league title-winning seasons for a total of six. He also featured in a further Scottish Cup victory in 1923, twelve years after his first in 1911, and won four Glasgow Cups, scoring the winning goal against Clyde in the 1920-21 final. He made one appearance for Scotland in 1913 versus Wales but was selected more frequently for the Scottish League XI, playing in seven games", "id": "872940" }, { "contents": "Bobby Russell (footballer, born 1957)\n\n\nRobert Russell (born 11 February 1957 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Russell joined Rangers from Shettleston Juniors in 1977 and made his first team debut against Aberdeen on 13 August that year, aged only 20. The game ended in a 3–1 defeat, however Rangers went on to win the treble that season and Russell cemented his place on the right side of the midfield. He made 370 appearances for the club and won a league championship, two Scottish Cups", "id": "82295" }, { "contents": "Aaron Ramsey\n\n\nMifsud. On 26 April, he scored his first league goal in a 3–3 draw against Burnley. He went on to make his first career league start three weeks later in a 3–1 win over Queens Park Rangers and began to establish himself in the first team, making several more starts in the Cardiff side. He made a total of 22 appearances during the season, his first full season of professional football, and played in five of the club's six FA Cup matches, including the final, becoming the second youngest player", "id": "12732777" }, { "contents": "Daniel Bruce (footballer)\n\n\nCup Final against Queen's Park. The final as scheduled finished as a 1–1 draw; in the replay, Bruce opened the scoring for Vale of Leven but Queen's came back to win 2–1. Soon afterwards, and while still a teenager, Bruce was capped for Scotland. His first and what turned out to be only international appearance came on 22 March 1890 against Wales in the British Home Championship; Scotland won 5–0. He moved to Rangers in 1891 and played four games in the Scottish Football League at the start of", "id": "4264595" }, { "contents": "Joe Hutton (footballer)\n\n\nJoseph \"Joe\" Hutton (18 November 1927 – April 1999) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Gillingham, Millwall, Reading and Stoke City. Hutton was born in Dundee and began his career in England with Reading. He only made eight appearances for the \"Royals\" before going back to Scotland to play for Ayr United. He and Ayr team-mate Bobby Cairns joined Stoke City in 1953. Hutton made an instant impact at the Victoria Ground scoring in his first three matches for the club", "id": "8572530" }, { "contents": "Alex Venters\n\n\nAlexander Venters (9 June 1913 – 30 April 1959) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Cowdenbeath, Rangers and Scotland. Alex Venters, an inside forward, joined Rangers in November 1933 after his first club Cowdenbeath. He spent a total of 13 years at Ibrox Park, winning three Scottish league titles (1935, 1937 and 1939), two Scottish Cups (1935, 1936) and scoring 102 goals in 201 appearances. 18 of these 102 goals came against Celtic in various competitions. In the last season before", "id": "9812289" }, { "contents": "Matt Fry\n\n\nreturned to West Ham having made 32 appearances, scoring one goal, for Charlton. Fry had his contract cancelled by mutual consent with West Ham on 2 February 2012 allowing him to seek first-team football on a regular basis. On 10 February 2012, Fry joined League Two club Bradford City on a free transfer. He made his debut in a 1–1 draw at home to Port Vale on 14 February 2012, in which he played 79 minutes before being substituted. After leaving Bradford, Fry played for Concord Rangers, helping", "id": "20258156" }, { "contents": "Alex Bennett (footballer)\n\n\nand also worked as a sports journalist. He died in Glasgow in 1940. Bennett was capped eleven times for Scotland, gaining three caps while at Celtic and the remaining eight while at Rangers. He made his Scotland debut against Wales in March 1904 and scored his first international goal, again against Wales, four years later. He scored his second international goal in his final Scotland appearance, against Ireland in March 1913. He also appeared ten times in representative matches for the Scottish Football League. At the age of 39 he", "id": "7795002" }, { "contents": "Robert Campbell (footballer, born 1882)\n\n\nRobert Campbell (1882 – 13 March 1931) was a Scottish footballer who played for Partick Thistle, Rangers, Millwall Athletic and Bradford City. He was a full back who won the 1911 FA Cup with Bradford. Born in Lugar in 1882, Campbell started his football career with Partick Thistle, with whom he won a Scottish League representative honour, before moving to Rangers in 1903. He played for Rangers until 1905, making nine appearances and scoring once before he moved to England and Millwall Athletic in the Southern League. He", "id": "15446261" }, { "contents": "Matthew Dickie\n\n\nMatthew Dickie (19 August 1873 – 30 December 1959) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Rangers. Dickie made his Rangers debut against St Mirren in a 5-1 home win at Ibrox on 15 August 1896. He played 126 league matches from a possible 132 in an amazing spell during his time at the club. He went on to make 175 first class appearances in total. Dickie won four League championships, 3 Scottish Cups, 5 Glasgow Cups and represented Scotland three times.", "id": "4766083" }, { "contents": "Michael O'Halloran (footballer)\n\n\nwin over Forfar Athletic. He scored again in Saints' final home game of the season, to conclude a 3–3 draw with former club Celtic. O'Halloran won the Scottish Premiership player of the month award for November 2015. St Johnstone rejected two bids from Rangers for O'Halloran in January 2016. Manager Tommy Wright then left O'Halloran out of their following league game, saying that O'Halloran was not \"mentally ready\" to play. O'Halloran made his final appearance for the club in a 2–1 defeat to Hibernian in the Scottish League Cup semi", "id": "9744181" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Millar (footballer, born 1870)\n\n\ntwo different spells: 1890–96 (winning three Football League championships in four seasons) and 1900–04 (claiming a fourth title), separated by a stint in his homeland at Rangers where he won two Scottish Football League titles and two Scottish Cups. Overall he made 260 appearances for Sunderland, scoring 123 goals. At the time of his death he was the trainer for Chelsea. Millar was capped for Scotland three times between 1897 and 1898 during his time with Rangers, scoring twice, both in matches against England; his first was", "id": "14464136" }, { "contents": "Joe Hendry\n\n\nJoe Hendry was a Scottish football player. Hendry played for Rangers, Greenock Morton and St Johnstone amongst other clubs during his career. Hendry began playing football with Maryhill FC. He joined Greenock Morton in 1907 and stayed there for two years before signing for Rangers. Hendry made his debut in a 1–0 win at home on 23 April 1910 against Clyde and during his eight-year spell with the club Hendry made 147 appearances and scored 7 goals. After leaving Rangers he had spells with Dumbarton, Third Lanark, St Johnstone and", "id": "17804993" }, { "contents": "Gordon Rae\n\n\nGordon Rae (born 3 May 1958) is a retired Scottish footballer, who played mainly as a defender for Hibernian, Partick Thistle, Hamilton Academical and Meadowbank Thistle. He also played sometimes as a centre forward, scoring over 50 goals in the Scottish Football League in his career. Rae signed for Hibernian as a 17-year-old from Whitehill Welfare in 1975. He made his first team debut two years later, and scored in a 2–0 win against Rangers at Ibrox in his second appearance. He became club captain, appeared", "id": "6510043" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Johnstone\n\n\narrival at Celtic, Stein had doubts about Johnstone, considering him too much of an individual player, to the overall detriment of the team, and he left him out of the team for the 1965 Scottish Cup Final. Johnstone soon won Stein round with his skill, and won his first winner's medal on 23 October 1965 when he played in Celtic's 2–1 win over Rangers in the Scottish League Cup Final. His 32 league appearances and nine goals that season helped Celtic win their first league title in 12 years. Johnstone", "id": "811424" }, { "contents": "Eddie Rutherford\n\n\nEdward 'Eddie' Rutherford (8 February 1921 – 29 August 2007) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers, Hearts and Scotland. Born in Govan, Scotland, Rutherford joined Rangers from Mossvale in 1941 but during the Second World War he was posted to England so he guested for Lincoln City and Bradford City. He played three games for Bradford in 1944–45 in the Football League War Cup North section. After he had completed his service, Rutherford returned to Rangers and made his first appearance for the club on 19 October", "id": "14506034" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\n1954 Cox played his last match for Scotland, as he captained the team at Hampden in a 4–2 defeat by England in front on 134,544 spectators. 1954–55 was Cox's last season at Rangers as he made only 15 first-team appearances. He made his final Rangers appearance in a 2–1 defeat to Aberdeen on 19 February 1955. Cox made a total of 370 appearances for Rangers, won 25 caps for Scotland and 13 caps for the Scottish League XI. After his Rangers career, Cox had a spell with East Fife before", "id": "14907543" }, { "contents": "Gary Warren (footballer)\n\n\ngame of the season, Warren made his debut in a 2–2 draw against St Mirren. Two-months later on 22 December 2012, he scored his first goal for Inverness in a 4–1 win over Dundee. In the quarter-final of the Scottish League Cup, he scored his second goal for Inverness in a 3–0 win over Rangers, helping the club to reach the semi-final. In the first part of the season, Warren and his teammates struggled as the club found themselves near the foot of the table,", "id": "16107731" }, { "contents": "Ronnie McKinnon\n\n\nRonald McKinnon (born 20 August 1940 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who played for Rangers and the Scotland national team. MacKinnon, a defender, made his Rangers debut against Hearts on 8 March 1961 in a 3–0 win at Ibrox. He went on to make 473 appearances for Rangers between 1961 and 1972, winning two League championships, four Scottish Cups, three League Cups and a Cup Winners' Cup. He also won a total of 28 caps for Scotland, making his debut in the famous 1", "id": "19851592" }, { "contents": "James Marshall (footballer, born 1908)\n\n\nDr James Marshall (3 January 1908 — 27 December 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for both Rangers and Arsenal as well as the Scotland national side. He played as an inside forward. Marshall was born in Avonbridge, Stirlingshire and joined Rangers from Shettleston in 1925. During his nine-year spell at Ibrox he amassed five League championships and three Scottish Cups. He also won three Scotland caps, all of them against England between 1932 and 1934. In total he scored 138 goals in 257 league appearances for Rangers", "id": "4895243" }, { "contents": "Thomas Murray (footballer)\n\n\nThomas Murray (7 April 1889 – 1976) was an English professional footballer who played as a inside right. Born in Middlesbrough, Murray spent his early career with Middlesbrough, Aberdeen, Rangers and Heart of Midlothian. At Hearts he scored 12 goals in 28 league games between August 1911 and April 1912. He joined Bradford City in June 1912. He made 6 league appearances for Bradford City, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in February 1914 to join Hull City. For Hull he made a further 2 league appearances", "id": "5167081" }, { "contents": "Ernie Thompson (footballer, born 1909)\n\n\n, scoring once in a 2–2 draw; his only other appearance came a week later in a 1–0 home win over Crewe Alexandra. At the end of the season, Thompson joined Second Division Bristol City, but never made a first-team appearance, instead spending his single season with the club playing in the reserves in both the Western Section of the Southern Football League and the Western Football League First Division. He left before the end of the 1929–30 season in February 1930 to join Bath City, playing for them in the", "id": "16156938" }, { "contents": "Alan Morton\n\n\n\"\" (insurance salesman). Morton had already been capped while an amateur before joining Rangers (making his debut for Scotland on 26 February 1920 against Wales) but would go on to play in every international against the \"Auld Enemy\", England, from 1920 to 1932 bar the fixture at Old Trafford in 1926, eventually winning 31 caps. In addition he made 15 appearances (scoring 1 goal) for the Scottish League XI (making his debut on 22 February 1919 against the Football League at St. Andrews, Birmingham", "id": "6451273" }, { "contents": "Dan Thomson\n\n\nDaniel Thomson (born 10 August 1891 in Dundee) was a Scottish professional footballer. Thomson began his career with Aberdeen before moving on to St Johnstone from where he joined Bristol City in the 1925-26 season. He spent the following season with Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic before joining Torquay United in 1927. He played in United's first match in the Football League, a 1-1 draw with local rivals Exeter City at Plainmoor on 27 August 1927. He played in the next eight games for Torquay before losing his place", "id": "2040384" }, { "contents": "Jack Smith (footballer, born 1895)\n\n\nwinning the Scottish Cup in 1920, including scoring the third goal for Kilmarnock in the final when they defeated his former team, Albion Rovers, 3–2. Following a disagreement with Kilmarnock, Smith joined Cowdenbeath, where during 1921–22, he netted 45 goals as they finished runners-up in Division Two. At the season's end he joined Rangers for £3,000, making his debut at Ibrox Park on 15 August 1922, scoring in a 2–0 victory over Alloa Athletic. He only made two further appearances for Rangers, scoring once", "id": "17284045" }, { "contents": "Peter Thomson (footballer)\n\n\nIn two seasons at Kenilworth Road he made 11 League appearances, scoring 3 goals. Scoring twice against Stoke City in a memorable 3-1 away win. He also played two League games whilst on loan at Rushden & Diamonds, scoring once on his debut. He had a brief spell with Morecambe, scoring against Dagenham & Redbridge on his home debut with an overhead kick. Thomson joined Southport in July 2002. He returned to Lancaster City in December 2003 and enjoyed further success with Stafford Rangers in the summer of 2005.", "id": "8805355" }, { "contents": "John McPherson (footballer, born 1868)\n\n\nMcPherson also won three Scottish Cup medals with Rangers, the first in 1894, where he scored in five of Rangers' six matches, including the 3–1 final win over Celtic at Hampden. McPherson also scored in the 1897 final, where Rangers defeated Dumbarton 5–1. His third Scottish Cup winners medal came a year later, 1898, where Rangers defeated McPherson's former club Kilmarnock 2–0. His final recorded appearance for Rangers was in a 2–0 friendly defeat to Glentoran on 2 April 1902. McPherson was also a Scottish International, winning", "id": "8242049" }, { "contents": "James Cairns (forward)\n\n\nJames Cairns (\"unknown\" – \"unknown\") was a footballer who played at inside right for several English clubs, including Lincoln City and Newton Heath in the late 1890s. Cairns began his football career with Stevenston Thistle in 1895, before moving to Glossop North End. In September 1897, he joined Football League side Lincoln City, but before he made an appearance for the club, he had moved on to Newton Heath in April 1898. It took Cairns six months to make his debut for the Heathens, eventually", "id": "22214514" }, { "contents": "Andy Neil\n\n\nAndrew Neil (18 November 1892 – 14 August 1941) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 328 Football League appearances playing as an inside forward or wing half for Brighton & Hove Albion (two spells), Arsenal and Queens Park Rangers. Neil was born in Crosshouse, near Kilmarnock in Ayrshire. He joined Kilmarnock of Division One from junior club Ardeer Thistle, and made his debut on 12 April 1913 away to Motherwell. He played regularly in his second season, and in 1914–15, his 20 goals placed him sixth in", "id": "2233011" }, { "contents": "Ernest Myers (footballer)\n\n\nErnest Myers, also known as Colin Myers, was an English professional footballer who played as an inside left. Born in Chapeltown, Sheffield, Myers spent his early career with Northfleet, Crystal Palace and Hickleton Main Colliery. He joined Bradford City in April 1914, and made 1 league appearance for the club, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in May 1920 to join Southend United, where he scored 2 goals in 23 league games. He later played for Aberdare Athletic, Northampton Town, Queens Park Rangers, Exeter", "id": "5167086" }, { "contents": "Billy Bennett (footballer, born 1955)\n\n\nthen over a year before Bennett made another senior appearance, when he again scored in a 3–0 Hearts win over Berwick Rangers in the final of the East of Scotland Shield. He made his league debut for Hearts on 16 November 1974 in the 1–3 defeat away at Arbroath. Bennett left Hearts in the summer of 1976 to sign for Third Division outfit Berwick Rangers. In two seasons with The Borderers, he played 69 league matches and scored 8 goals. At the start of the 1978–79 season, Bennett joined Forfar Athletic. He", "id": "17097673" }, { "contents": "Jerome Thomas\n\n\nhe scored a goal in the final over Blackburn Rovers. He was loaned out to Second Division side Queens Park Rangers in the 2001–02 and 2002–03 seasons. He made his debut in the Football League on 30 March 2002, in a 3–2 win over Tranmere Rovers at Prenton Park. He scored his first professional goal on 6 April, the only goal of the game against Swindon Town at the County Ground in a 1–0 win for QPR. During his second loan spell in October 2002, he scored long distance goals away at Cheltenham", "id": "9097657" }, { "contents": "Willie Reid (footballer)\n\n\nEngland with Portsmouth. Reid returned to Scotland in April 1909 when signed by Rangers, where he won three league titles in eleven seasons. He was the club's top scorer for six consecutive seasons, between 1910 and 1916. He received all his caps for Scottish national side while with Rangers. Reid made his Scotland debut in a 2–2 draw with Wales in 1911 and earned his last cap three years later, against England. Reid also represented the Scottish League XI. His football career was interrupted by the First World War,", "id": "15187335" }, { "contents": "Stephen McGinn\n\n\nRangers, where St Mirren won 1–0, the team's first home league win over Rangers in 22 years. McGinn started the 2009–10 season on bench in the Scottish League Cup game but then went on to score on his first start of the season in a 2–1 loss to Hibernian on 15 August 2009. He continued his season with a brace against Kilmarnock at Rugby Park, where The Buddies came from behind to win 2–1. McGinn signed for Watford in January 2010, for an undisclosed fee. He made his first Watford appearance", "id": "14258787" }, { "contents": "Anthony Ralston\n\n\nAnthony Ralston (born 16 November 1998) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Celtic. He also spent several months on loan at Queens Park in 2015 and at Dundee United in 2018. Ralston made his debut for the Celtic first team on 11 May 2016, in a 2–1 defeat against St Johnstone. He scored his first goal for Celtic in a 5–0 Scottish League Cup win over Kilmarnock on 8 August 2017. He made some further appearances early in the 2017–18 season, including a Champions League match against Paris Saint-", "id": "17673352" }, { "contents": "Sam Gallacher\n\n\nSamuel Gallacher (born 23 December 1904) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a centre half. Born in Annbank, Gallacher played for Larkfield Juniors and Cadzow St. Anne's in his native Scotland, before moving to England to join Bradford City in May 1924. For Bradford City he made 40 appearances in the Football League, scoring 2 goals. He left the club in August 1927 to join Crystal Palace. He later played for Lincoln City, making 13 appearances in the Football League as well as one FA Cup appearance", "id": "4883696" }, { "contents": "Julien Rodriguez\n\n\nJulien Rodriguez (born 11 June 1978 in Béziers, France) is a French former professional footballer who played as a defender. Rodriguez started his career at AS Monaco, making 135 appearances for the club and helping them to reach the 2004 Champions League final. He joined Scottish Premier League club Rangers in August 2005 for £1m. He scored his first goal for Rangers on 11 March 2006 in Rangers' 4–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Ibrox Stadium and made a total of 30 appearances in his debut season with the club.", "id": "11830556" }, { "contents": "Mark Williams (Scottish footballer)\n\n\n-year contract by his former St Mirren manager Danny Lennon. Nine days later he made his debut, playing the full 90 minutes as they won 1–0 at Highland League team Brora Rangers in the first round of the Scottish Challenge Cup. On 8 August he played his first league game, a 3–1 loss away to Queen of the South. In February 2016, he moved on loan to Arbroath in Scottish League Two; on 12 March he scored his first career goal to conclude a 3–0 win over East Stirlingshire at Gayfield Park", "id": "15479008" }, { "contents": "Jack Blackman (English footballer)\n\n\nJohn James Blackman (25 November 1912 – 1987) was an English retired professional footballer who played in the Football League for Crystal Palace and Queens Park Rangers as a forward. He also played non-league football for Guildford City. Blackman began his career at Queens Park Rangers and in October 1935, signed for Crystal Palace, then playing in the Football League Third Division South. He made a goal-scoring debut in November in a home 5–0 win against Millwall and went on to make 27 appearances that season scoring 19 times", "id": "13124108" }, { "contents": "Paul Bennett (footballer, born 1961)\n\n\nPaul Bennett (born 30 January 1961) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Port Vale. Bennett was an Everton youth team player before joining Port Vale in September 1978. He made his debut as a substitute in a 1–1 draw with Peterborough United at London Road on 1 November 1980, and three weeks later he scored his first goal in a 4–2 win over Bradford City. He went on to play 26 Fourth Division games in the 1980–81 season, and scored his first goal in the Football League", "id": "4265172" }, { "contents": "Nicol Smith\n\n\nNicol Smith (25 December 1873 – 6 January 1905) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers. Born in Darvel, Ayrshire, Smith played as a fullback for local sides Vale of Irvine, Royal Albert and Darvel, earning junior international selection, before joining Rangers in 1893. He made only two league appearances in his first season at the club, but by 1893–94, he had established himself in the Rangers team, missing just one of the 18 league fixtures. During that season he was also responsible for bringing Alex", "id": "20560230" }, { "contents": "Bill Paterson (footballer, born 1930)\n\n\nthe proceeds adding to the transfer deal. He had a relatively unsuccessful three years on Tyneside and so returned to Scotland to join Rangers for £3,500. His debut came on 13 August 1958 in a 2-1 home league win against Partick Thistle. That was the first of three appearances that he would make that entire season. Overall Paterson did go on to make 116 top team appearances for the club and won two Scottish league championships. He also claimed a Scottish Cup, a Scottish League Cup, a Charity Cup winners", "id": "14236809" }, { "contents": "David McClure (footballer)\n\n\nDavid McClure was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a right-back who had spells in Scotland, Ireland and England. He was born in Slamannan, Stirlingshire, but began his footballing career in Ireland with Glenavon. McClure then returned to Scotland to play Junior league football with Dunipace, before joining Scottish Football League club St Johnstone in 1924. In June 1927, he was signed by Football League Third Division North club Nelson and made his debut for the club on 24 September 1927 in the 2–1 win against Durham City.", "id": "19923020" }, { "contents": "Arthur Adey\n\n\nArthur Lewis Adey (1 March 1930 - January 1994) was a Scottish professional association football player of the 1950s. Born in Glasgow, he was a centre forward and began his professional career with Doncaster Rovers and later played for Gillingham and Bradford Park Avenue. He made 68 appearances in The Football League and scored 15 goals. He signed for Doncaster Rovers in September 1950, following his move from Bishop Auckland and made his professional debut in Division Two on 14 April 1951 against Queens Park Rangers. In 1954, after three more", "id": "17203075" }, { "contents": "Billy Hogg\n\n\nWilliam Hogg (29 May 1879 – 30 January 1937) was an English footballer who played at outside right, winning the Football League championship with Sunderland in 1901–02, before moving to Scotland where he won the Scottish League title three times with Rangers. He also made three appearances for England in 1902. Hogg was born in Sunderland and was playing local football with Willington Athletic when he was spotted by Sunderland where he became a professional in October 1899. He made his debut on 2 December 1899, scoring in a 5–0 victory over", "id": "13514822" }, { "contents": "John Ballantyne (footballer)\n\n\nJohn Ballantyne (30 June 1892 – after 1917) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 20 appearances in the Football League playing for Birmingham and played for Scottish Football League clubs Kilmarnock, Vale of Leven and Rangers. He played as an outside right. Ballantyne was born in Riccarton, Ayrshire. He played for Kilmarnock and Vale of Leven before coming to England to join Football League Second Division club Birmingham in April 1913. He made his debut on 26 April 1913, the last day of the 1912–13 season, in a 2–1", "id": "2299260" }, { "contents": "Liam Burt\n\n\nLiam Burt (born 1 February 1999) is a Scottish footballer who last played for Rangers, as a midfielder. He made his first team debut for Rangers in March 2016, and has also played on loan for Dumbarton and Alloa Athletic. Burt has represented Scotland at various youth levels up to under-21 level. Burt played youth football for Celtic before being released and subsequently joining the Rangers Academy. He made his professional debut for the club aged seventeen during a Scottish Championship match against Raith Rovers on 1 March 2016. A few", "id": "3837470" }, { "contents": "James Hamilton (footballer, born 1901)\n\n\nJames Hamilton (16 June 1901 – 1975) was a Scottish footballer who played for Vale of Clyde, St Mirren, Rangers, Blackpool, Barrow, Armadale and Scotland. He was a full-back. Bargeddie-born Hamilton made his debut for Harry Evans' Blackpool at home to Bristol City on 15 September 1928, six games into their 1928–29 Football League campaign. He made a further 24 League appearances that season as \"the Tangerines\" finished eighth in Division Two. He started the first three League games of the", "id": "1708146" }, { "contents": "John Campbell (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\nJohn William Campbell (2 October 1877 – 20 January 1919) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Linthouse, Partick Thistle, Blackburn Rovers, Rangers, West Ham United, Hibernian and the Scotland national team. He was born in Glasgow and gained the most success in his career with Rangers with whom he won four successive league titles (1898–99, 1899–00, 1900–01 and 1901–02) the first of which Rangers won all 18 of their Scottish league matches. He also represented Scotland at international level, winning four caps and scoring", "id": "13889025" }, { "contents": "Matt Hill (footballer)\n\n\nMatthew Clayton Hill (born 26 March 1981) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for Bradford Park Avenue. Born in Bristol, Hill started his career with Bristol City where he made over 200 appearances. He subsequently joined Preston North End where he also spent a successful spell, playing over 100 times for the Lancashire club. A move to Wolverhampton Wanderers followed but first team opportunities were more limited and he was loaned to Queens Park Rangers before leaving to join Barnsley. After only one season at the South Yorkshire club", "id": "15275700" }, { "contents": "Dennis O'Donnell\n\n\nDennis O'Donnell (q1 1880 – after 1908) was an English professional footballer who scored 41 goals from 167 appearances in the Football League playing as a forward for Lincoln City, Sunderland, Notts County and Bradford Park Avenue. He also played in the Southern League for Queens Park Rangers. O'Donnell was born in Willington Quay, then in Northumberland. He made his debut for Lincoln City on 5 October 1901 in a 2–1 win at home to Middlesbrough in the Football League Second Division, and played for the club until the end of", "id": "1332551" }, { "contents": "William McLachlan (footballer)\n\n\nWilliam McLachlan (born 19 March 1989) is a Scottish footballer currently playing for Irvine Meadow in the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region. He has previously played in the Scottish Football League First Division for Airdrie United and for Australian club Melbourne Knights in the Victorian Premier League. McLachlan began his career with Rangers and appeared for the Scotland U-16 team in a Victory Shield match against Northern Ireland in October 2004. In December 2008, he joined Airdrie United on loan. He made his debut against St Johnstone on 20 December.", "id": "18351658" }, { "contents": "Bruno Andrade (footballer, born 1993)\n\n\njoined Lincoln City for the 2018-19 League Two season for a free transfer on the 24th May 2018. Born in Portugal, Andrade joined the Queens Park Rangers academy at the age of 13. He made his debut for Queens Park Rangers against Preston North End on 20 November 2010. He then made his second appearance for the club against Blackburn Rovers in the FA Cup. He replaced Jamie Mackie who had broken his leg. He made a further two first-team appearances at the beginning of the 2011–12 season, including", "id": "14654306" }, { "contents": "John Walker (footballer, born 1873)\n\n\nscored the winning goal against West Bromwich Albion on the final day of the season to secure the title. Walker played another 18 times for Liverpool in 1901–02 before returning to Scotland to join Rangers, who had just won a fourth successive domestic title but were also facing financial troubles due to the reconstruction work required on their stadium after the recent 1902 Ibrox disaster. He scored at a rate of nearly a goal every two league games over his three seasons with the Glasgow club, and appeared in two further Scottish Cup finals. In", "id": "15474189" }, { "contents": "Charles Dennington\n\n\nCharles Dennington (born 7 October 1899, died 1943) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Beccles, Dennington played for Norwich City, Bradford City and Kirkley. He joined Norwich from his home town club, Beccles Town, and made his debut in a 1-1 draw against Queens Park Rangers in the Third Division (South) in August 1922, establishing himself as the Canaries' first choice ahead of William O'Hagen and Ernest Williamson. He missed just twenty League games over the next five", "id": "8086327" }, { "contents": "Davy McDougall\n\n\nside of 1899–00. He was also with Rangers without apparently making a first team appearance. In summer 1900 he joined Southern League Bristol City from Partick Thistle making his debut at outside left in a 0–2 defeat at Luton Town on 15 September 1900. He made 11 appearances scoring 2 goals playing on both right and left wings in season 1900–01 when Bristol City were runners up in the Southern League. He also played on both wings in 12 Western League games scoring 2 goals. He rejoined Rangers in the summer of 1901 making 4", "id": "20661422" }, { "contents": "Gordon Smith (footballer, born December 1954)\n\n\n. He was sold to Rangers in 1977 for £65,000. In his first season with Rangers, Smith won the domestic treble, scoring 27 goals from midfield. He also scored the winning goal in the 1978 Scottish League Cup Final, against Celtic. He was sold to Brighton & Hove Albion in 1980 for a record transfer fee of £440,000. He returned to Rangers on loan in December 1982, playing in the 1982 League Cup Final defeat by Celtic. Smith made three appearances during his loan spell, without scoring.", "id": "8508165" }, { "contents": "George Stewart (footballer, born 1932)\n\n\nGeorge Stewart (16 November 1932 – 22 May 1998) was a Scottish footballer, who played as a goalkeeper for Petershill Juniors, Raith Rovers, Stirling Albion, Montrose and Bradford City. Born in Larkhall in 1932, Stewart started his career with junior side Petershill. He was capped by the Scotland junior select team while with the club. He joined the senior game when he signed for Raith Rovers in 1952. He made 68 appearances in the Scottish Football League for three clubs in seven seasons, before moving to England to", "id": "22044872" }, { "contents": "Tommy Anderson (footballer)\n\n\nfor a fee of £1,000, but in November the same year he moved to Queen's Park Rangers. He had only played five league games for Bournemouth, scoring once. He went on to score 3 times in 10 league games for Rangers in the 1958–59 season. He moved again in July 1959, signing for Torquay United. He made his debut on 22 August 1959, the first day of the 1959–60 season, in a 2–1 home win against Doncaster Rovers. In his season with Torquay he played in nine league", "id": "2845776" }, { "contents": "Richard Edghill\n\n\nof Sun Jihai served to further limit Richard's opportunities at the club and he was released at the end of the 2001–02 promotion winning campaign, having made a total of 207 appearances for the club in nine years. Following his release Edghill had short unsuccessful spells with Wigan Athletic and Sheffield United before joining Queens Park Rangers in August 2003. In the 2005 close season Edghill joined Bradford City on a free transfer. At Bradford he scored twice; against Tranmere Rovers in the league and Barnsley in the FA Cup. He was one", "id": "9473165" }, { "contents": "John Blackwood (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\n, who then sold him to Football League Second Division club Woolwich Arsenal. After joining Woolwich Arsenal in May 1900, Blackwood scored on his debut, in a 2–1 win over Gainsborough Trinity on the opening day of the 1900–01 season. This was to be his only season with the club; he scored six goals in 17 league appearances. He also scored during his one appearance in the FA Cup, against Darwen on 5 January 1901. He left for Reading in May 1901. In November 1902, Blackwood joined Queens Park Rangers", "id": "4952881" }, { "contents": "David Amoo\n\n\nRobinson's first-team however, and made just two further substitute appeareances at Stadium MK before returning to Anfield on 23 February. On 28 February, he joined Championship side Hull City on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. He made his \"Tigers\" debut coming on as a replacement for Jay Simpson in a 1–0 win at Nottingham Forest on 5 March. He scored his first goal in senior football in a 1–1 draw at Queens Park Rangers on 25 April. Unable to break into Nigel Pearson's first-", "id": "5142268" }, { "contents": "Chris Brandon\n\n\nin Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, on 7 April 1976. He attended Yorkshire Martyrs Collegiate School in Bradford and supported the city's Football League team Bradford City. Brandon started his football career as a trainee for Bradford City, but he was dropped by their academy and joined non-league side Bradford Park Avenue. He later played for Farsley Celtic before joining Stafford Rangers. He played 32 times for Rangers over two seasons before returning to play for Bradford Park Avenue. In his two spells with Park Avenue, Brandon played", "id": "14931377" }, { "contents": "Sam Charnley\n\n\nSamuel \"Sam\" Charnley (18 November 1902 – 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for Wolverhampton Wanderers in the Football League. Born in Craigneuk, a suburb of Wishaw, North Lanarkshire, Charnley played for Burnbank Athletic before joining Wolverhampton Wanderers of the Football League Second Division in January 1925. He made his debut on 12 September 1925 in a 4–1 win against Portsmouth. After making 55 appearances in total, scoring once, he joined Midland League team York City in August 1928. He captained York in the 1928–29 season", "id": "10736957" }, { "contents": "Sébastien Faure (footballer)\n\n\n. Faure joined Rangers on a three-year deal pending international clearance on 21 August 2012. After the move, Faure says he joined Rangers because Manager Ally McCoist persuaded him to join. He made his debut against First Division side Falkirk in the Scottish League Cup on 30 August 2012. It was on 23 February 2013, when Faure scored his first ever senior goal. This came whilst playing Third Division Berwick Rangers and it contributed to a 3–1 win away from home. Faure had his first run out of the season in", "id": "5596733" }, { "contents": "Dave MacFarlane\n\n\nDave MacFarlane (16 January 1967 – 30 October 2013) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Kilmarnock. MacFarlane began his career with Ayr United Boys Club before joining Rangers. Whilst at Ibrox he made seven league appearances and picked up a winner's medal in October 1986 when he came on as a second-half substitute in Rangers 2-1 win over Celtic in the Scottish League Cup Final. MacFarlane also had loan spells with Kilmarnock and Dundee, before joining the former on a permanent", "id": "7049582" }, { "contents": "Rocco Quinn\n\n\nAugust 2009. His league debut was the 1–1 home draw a week later against Raith Rovers. He scored league goals that season in games against Ayr United, Partick Thistle and a double against Greenock Morton. The Palmerston Park side ended the season in fifth place. He also played on 23 September 2009 in the 2–1 home League Cup defeat against Rangers. In total Quinn made 35 competitive first team appearances in his first season. The QoS website confirmed on 18 June 2011 that Quinn had left and signed for Ross County. In", "id": "16760979" }, { "contents": "Tommy Kelso\n\n\nTommy Kelso (6 May 1882-29 January 1974) was a Scottish footballer who played as a full back for Manchester City between 1906 and 1911. Kelso started his career at Third Lanark before signing for Manchester City in 1906. He made his debut for Manchester City in September 1906 in a 4-1 defeat against Arsenal. He made 139 league appearances for Manchester City and scored 3 goals. He subsequently returned to Scotland and played for Dundee, Rangers and Dumbarton. He won one Scotland cap in 1914 in a 0", "id": "5742448" }, { "contents": "Luke Freeman\n\n\nLeague Trophy and League One titles during his first season with the team. He spent two-and-a-half years at Bristol City before joining Queens Park Rangers in January 2017. Freeman began his career at Charlton Athletic, joining the club's academy in 2001 after being scouted playing Sunday league youth football. He spent two years at Charlton before being released \"for being too small\". Following his release from Charlton, Freeman joined Gillingham at the age of 11. He made his first-team debut for Gillingham", "id": "8315727" }, { "contents": "David Provan (footballer, born 1941)\n\n\nDavid Provan (11 March 1941 – 26 November 2016) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for Rangers, Crystal Palace, Plymouth Argyle and St Mirren. Provan also played for Scotland and the Scottish League XI. Provan was a product of the Rangers youth team and played as a full back. He made his debut on 27 December 1958, in a league match away to Third Lanark which Rangers won 3-2. He helped the club win a domestic treble in 1963–4 and played in the 1967 European Cup Winners", "id": "926204" }, { "contents": "Neil Danns\n\n\ndeal. He had rejected an offer from Scottish Premier League club Rangers. Danns made his Leicester City debut, where he started the whole game, in a 1–0 win over Coventry City in the opening game of the season. He scored his first goal for Leicester City on 23 August 2011 in a 4–2 away win against Bury in the League Cup. Danns soon became a first team regular for the side at the start of the season, finding himself rotated. He scored his first league goal for the club against Blackpool in", "id": "141524" }, { "contents": "Billy Blunt\n\n\nWilliam Blunt (5 August 1886 – 1962) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Wolverhampton Wanderers and Bristol Rovers. Blunt joined Second Division Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1908 from nearby non-league side Stafford Rangers. He made his Football League debut on 28 November 1908 in a 1–2 defeat at Oldham Athletic. He scored two in his second appearance (against Clapton Orient) and ended the season with 8 goals. The 1909–10 campaign saw him score 27 goals, making him the club's top goalscorer for the season", "id": "5433307" }, { "contents": "Gordon Ashcroft\n\n\nGordon Aschroft (7 September 1902 – after 1930) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Lea, Lancashire, he played for Coppull Central before joining Football League First Division side Burnley in November 1925. He made his debut for the club on 7 December 1925 in the 3–1 win against Birmingham at Turf Moor. Ashcroft failed to make another first-team appearance for Burnley and was released at the end of the 1926–27 season. In August 1927 he signed for Burscough Rangers, and then played for", "id": "5652868" }, { "contents": "Raul Correia\n\n\ngoal for Guiseley on 16 September in a 1–1 draw away to Wrexham after guiding Will Hatfield's deflected shot from distance past goalkeeper Luke Coddington. Correia made his final appearance in a 4–0 defeat away to Tranmere Rovers on 30 December, and returned to his parent club two days later. On 11 January 2018, Correia joined National League North club York City on loan for the remainder of the season. Two days later, he made his debut by starting in a 2–1 home win against Bradford Park Avenue. He scored his first", "id": "12088537" }, { "contents": "Bobby Main\n\n\nRobert Frame Main (10 February 1909 – 30 March 1985) was a Scottish professional football player, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Main began his career at local team Baillieston Juniors and joined Rangers in 1929, initially as understudy to Sandy Archibald. He was in and out of the side for four years before becoming a regular in 1933. During his spell at the club he won two Scottish league championships, two Scottish Cups, three Glasgow Cups and two Charity Cups. He made 158 appearances for Rangers", "id": "12825737" }, { "contents": "Ian McColl\n\n\nfinal appearance for Rangers was in the 1960 Scottish Cup Final, a 2–0 win against Kilmarnock. He made a total of 526 appearances for the Glasgow club. He also won 14 caps for Scotland and represented the Scottish League XI. After his playing career, he quickly went into management. He was appointed manager of Scotland in 1960 and enjoyed a winning start, beating Northern Ireland 5–2 at Hampden Park. Under McColl's managership, Scotland won British Home Championships in 1962 and 1963. The team beat England 2–0 at Hampden and", "id": "14525157" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Sharp\n\n\nyear later, in 1905 he was snapped up by Woolwich Arsenal of the First Division and promptly became a regular in the side after making his debut against Liverpool on 2 September 1905. He missed only three league games in his first season and reached the FA Cup semi-finals twice in his first two seasons. At Arsenal Sharp also won another three Scotland caps, before Rangers prised him away in April 1908 for £400. In total he played 116 games for Arsenal, scoring 5 goals. His spell at Rangers only", "id": "17959164" }, { "contents": "Craig Beattie\n\n\nplayed a competitive game in two months he missed the game against Dundee United on 25 February as was not match fit. After scoring twice in a bounce game, he made his debut as a substitute on 3 March against Rangers in a 2–1 win at Ibrox. He scored his first goal for Hearts in a 2–2 draw with St Mirren in the Scottish Cup 6th round at Tynecaste on 10 March. He had a second goal in the same match wrongfully ruled out for offside. In just his second league appearance for the club", "id": "12813032" }, { "contents": "Vladimír Weiss (footballer, born 1989)\n\n\nsubstitute. On 19 August 2010, Weiss joined Scottish side Rangers on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. Prior to signing for Rangers, Weiss rejected a move to their city rivals Celtic. He made his Rangers debut against Hibernian at Easter Road on 22 August coming on as a substitute for James Beattie, setting up the second goal with Rangers going on to win 3–0. He scored his first goal for Rangers in a 4–1 home win against Motherwell and five days later made his Champions League debut against Valencia, providing", "id": "535578" }, { "contents": "Ralph Brand\n\n\nplayed his last match for Rangers on 23 April 1965 when he scored the only goal in a 1–0 win over Third Lanark in the final League game of the season. Brand was sold to Manchester City in August that year for £30,000. Two years later he moved to Sunderland before returning to Scottish football at Raith Rovers (managed by his friend Jimmy Millar). He retired in 1970, although he would come out of retirement to play a handful of matches for Hamilton Academical in 1971–72. Brand played for Scotland eight times", "id": "16219219" } ]

[ { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nTommy Cairns (30 October 1890 – 30 November 1967) was a Scottish footballer who played for Bristol City, Peebles Rovers, St Johnstone, Rangers, Bradford City and Scotland. Born in Merryton, Lanarkshire, Cairns made his name in Junior football, helping Burnbank Athletic to the Scottish Junior Cup in 1911. He also appeared for Larkhall Thistle before earning an opportunity in the senior leagues. His first professional club was Bristol City where he played for two seasons from 1911. He joined Peebles Rovers in 1913 and had a short", "id": "21330844" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nan ever-present and scored 11 goals. Cairns enjoyed further League title successes in 1919–20, 1920–21, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1924–25 and 1926–27 before joining Bradford City in 1927. His final Rangers appearance was in a 2–1 win over Queen's Park on 1 March 1927. In his time with Bradford he made 135 appearances and won a Division Three North medal in 1929. He retired from football in 1932 and later worked as a scout for Arsenal. Cairns was also capped at international level, making eight Scotland appearances. He", "id": "21330846" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nspell with St Johnstone before joining Rangers in November 1913. He made his debut against Hamilton Academical on 27 December 1913 and played a total of nine games in his first season as Rangers finished second to rivals Celtic in Division One. Cairns was a regular in the Rangers team the following season, missing just one league game. He continued to be a regular in the team for the next two seasons but it was in season 1917–18 that he won his first League title (Rangers' first for five years). Cairns was", "id": "21330845" }, { "contents": "Kevin Cairns (footballer)\n\n\nin September 1960, making his debut that month in a Scottish Football League match against St Johnstone. After being a first team regular in his first season, Cairns made only one appearance in 1961–62 and was given a free transfer by Dundee United in May 1962. He signed for Southport in August 1962, going on to make 206 appearances in the Football League over the next six years. He then played non-league football for Wigan Athletic, where he played four games in the Cheshire League, and made a further five", "id": "20271756" }, { "contents": "Sandy Archibald\n\n\nRangers won the League title for the first time in 5 seasons. Archibald went on to win thirteen league titles in his seventeen seasons with the Glasgow club. He also won three Scottish Cup medals, the first of which was Rangers' first in 25 years and Archibald scored twice in the final as Rangers defeated Celtic 4–0 at Hampden. His final appearance for Rangers was in a 1–1 draw away to Queen's Park on 30 April 1934. He made 580 appearances for Rangers. Archibald won a total of 8 caps for Scotland", "id": "9747370" }, { "contents": "Arthur Dixon (footballer, born 1892)\n\n\nfirst goal for the club on 8 March 1919 in a 3–0 league win against Hamilton Academical. He enjoyed a benefit match at Ibrox Park on 10 September 1923. A crowd of 10,000 watched Rangers draw 1–1 with Liverpool. The Rangers side was: Hamilton (goalkeeper), Manderson, Meiklejohn, Dixon, McCandless, Archibald, Muirhead, Morton, Hansen, Cairns. The goalscorer for Rangers was Hansen. In total he made 361 appearances (326 league and 35 Scottish Cup) for the club. He scored eight goals (", "id": "11923821" }, { "contents": "Bert Manderson\n\n\nBert Manderson (9 May 1893 – 27 April 1946) was an Irish footballer, who played for Rangers and Ireland. Manderson, a right-back, made his Rangers debut in a 1-1 draw with Aberdeen on 27 March 1915. He had joined Rangers from Glenavon for £150. He previously had spells at Cliftonville and Belfast Celtic. He went on to make 370 league appearances (452 in total) in 12 seasons with the club, winning seven Scottish league titles. Manderson left Rangers to join Bradford Park", "id": "21502381" }, { "contents": "Archie Devine\n\n\nScotland, but he never played for the national side again. He also made one appearance for the Scottish League XI in that season, in a 3–2 win against the English Football League XI. In April 1910 he moved south of the border to Bradford City, and was part of the side that won the 1911 FA Cup Final against Newcastle United. He stayed at Bradford for nearly three years before joining Woolwich Arsenal. He made his debut for Arsenal against Chelsea on 15 February 1913, and was part of the team that", "id": "20302147" }, { "contents": "James Stewart (footballer, born 1883)\n\n\nhe played in the losing side in the final against Bradford City. He made his third, and final, England appearance against Scotland on 1 April 1911 and again scored in a 1–1 draw. All three of his international appearances thus ended 1–1. He continued to be a regular member of the Newcastle side until he was sold to Rangers in 1913 for £600. In his Newcastle career he made a total of 138 appearances with 53 goals. In May 1914 he returned to his native north-east, and non-", "id": "11906121" }, { "contents": "George Waddell\n\n\nGeorge Barr Waddell (29 November 1888 – 17 September 1966) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Scottish Football League for Rangers and in the Football League in England for Bradford City, Preston North End, Oldham Athletic, Birmingham and New Brighton. He played as a wing half. Waddell was born in Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire. He began his football career in junior football before joining Rangers in 1909. He made his debut in Division One on 26 April 1909 in a 3–2 defeat to Queen's Park. Over the", "id": "656965" }, { "contents": "Andrew Shinnie\n\n\ninternational debut for Scotland in November 2012, in a 2–1 win over Luxembourg. Shinnie made his first team debut for Rangers on 17 March 2007, coming on as a substitute for Dado Pršo in a Scottish Premier League match against Aberdeen. On the same day, he scored two goals for Rangers' under-19 team against St Mirren under-19s. In April, he scored the first goal in the 5–0 win over rivals Celtic as Rangers won the 2007 Scottish Youth Cup Final. He went on to sign a new three-year professional", "id": "14751617" }, { "contents": "Bobby McKean\n\n\nRobert Munro McKean (8 December 1952 – 15 March 1978) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for St Mirren and Rangers. He appeared in one full international match for Scotland, in 1976. McKean started his career at local club Blantyre Victoria before moving to St Mirren in 1969. After five seasons in Paisley he joined Rangers for £50,000 in September 1974. He enjoyed a successful spell in Govan and won the league twice in his first two seasons. He was also part of the 1976 Scottish Cup Final winning", "id": "303577" }, { "contents": "Andy Cunningham (footballer)\n\n\n1918–19. In total, he made 389 appearances and scored 182 goals for Rangers. He won 7 League titles and played in Rangers' famous 1928 Scottish Cup final triumph where they defeated Celtic 4–0 to win their first Scottish Cup in 25 years. Cunningham was also capped at international level, playing 12 times for Scotland and scoring 5 goals. He lost just one of his 12 games for Scotland. Cunningham also represented the Scottish League XI 10 times. Cunningham moved to Newcastle United in 1928, becoming the then oldest player to", "id": "19975016" }, { "contents": "Archie Mitchell (footballer)\n\n\nthe team win the Birmingham & District League title in the 1905–06 and 1906–07 seasons. Mitchell departed Villa in 1907. On 2 May 1907, Mitchell joined Southern League First Division club Queens Park Rangers. He had a good start to his career with the Hoops, winning the 1907–08 First Division title in his debut season. A further First Division title was won in 1911–12, with the Charity Shield being lost 2–1 to Football League First Division champions Blackburn Rovers. He remained with Queens Park Rangers through to 1921 and finally made his", "id": "9272843" }, { "contents": "James Bowie (footballer)\n\n\nJames Bowie (9 July 1888 – 7 August 1972) was a Scottish football player and football administrator, who played for and was chairman of Rangers. He began his career at Maryhill Juniors and joined Rangers in December 1910 from Queen's Park. He made his debut against Falkirk on 10 December 1910. During his time at the club he won six League championships and played in a total of 351 competitive games, scoring 70 goals. Bowie won two Scotland caps in 1920, and also played in three wartime internationals in 1919", "id": "4895542" }, { "contents": "James Vaughan (footballer, born 1988)\n\n\n. He made his second debut for the club in the 1–0 defeat by Nottingham Forest on 3 August. After scoring two goals in the League Cup win over Bradford City on 6 August, he scored his first league goal on his return in the 1–1 draw with Queens Park Rangers on 10 August. On 24 August, he scored a hat-trick in a 5–1 win against A.F.C. Bournemouth. Vaughan joined fellow Championship club Birmingham City on 26 November 2015, on loan until 2 January 2016. He made his debut as a", "id": "14499593" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Smith (footballer, born 1911)\n\n\ncontinued their dominance of Scottish football. Smith also collected his first Scottish Cup medal, scoring in a 5-0 defeat of St Mirren in the final at Hampden. Success for Smith and Rangers continued. The League title was again won in 1934–35 with Smith scoring 43 goals in 38 matches, including 6 in a 7-1 defeat of Dunfermline Athletic. He also collected his second Scottish Cup medal, scoring twice in the 2-1 against Hamilton Academical in the final. Rangers went on to win two of the next", "id": "14794886" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\na 4–2 win over Motherwell at the start of the 1946–47 season. He made a total of 13 league appearances in his first season, including a 4–1 win over Hamilton Academical in the last match, as Rangers beat Hibernian to clinch the League title. In the following season, 1947–48, Cox was an ever present as Rangers finished second to Hibs in the league, and won the Scottish Cup after a 1–0 win over Greenock Morton. Cox also netted his first Rangers goal during the season, scoring in a 2–1 win over", "id": "14907540" }, { "contents": "Andrew Little (footballer)\n\n\nas making one appearance for the \"B\" team, he won his first senior cap in March 2009, and appeared nine times in total. A former Ballinamallard United player, he moved from Northern Ireland to Scotland in 2006 to join the Rangers Academy. He scored for the \"Gers\" in the club's Scottish Youth Cup final victory over Old Firm rival's Celtic at Hampden Park in 2008. That season he also helped the club to top the SPFL Development League. He made his senior debut as a substitute for", "id": "5532587" }, { "contents": "Jim Eadie\n\n\nJames Eadie (born 4 February 1947) is a Scottish former professional footballer. During his career, he made over 200 appearances in the Football League in spells with Cardiff City, Chester and Bristol Rovers. Eadie began his career at Rangers but never made a first team appearance for the club, moving to Dumbarton where he played a handful of matches before joining Kirkintilloch Rob Roy. It wasn't until he moved south to play in The Football League that he began to play regular football. He signed for Cardiff City in 1969", "id": "15683889" }, { "contents": "Andrew McAtee\n\n\nconscripted in 1917 and served in Italy. On returning to Scotland McAtee resumed his successful football career with Celtic, participating in two further league title-winning seasons for a total of six. He also featured in a further Scottish Cup victory in 1923, twelve years after his first in 1911, and won four Glasgow Cups, scoring the winning goal against Clyde in the 1920-21 final. He made one appearance for Scotland in 1913 versus Wales but was selected more frequently for the Scottish League XI, playing in seven games", "id": "872940" }, { "contents": "Bobby Russell (footballer, born 1957)\n\n\nRobert Russell (born 11 February 1957 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Russell joined Rangers from Shettleston Juniors in 1977 and made his first team debut against Aberdeen on 13 August that year, aged only 20. The game ended in a 3–1 defeat, however Rangers went on to win the treble that season and Russell cemented his place on the right side of the midfield. He made 370 appearances for the club and won a league championship, two Scottish Cups", "id": "82295" }, { "contents": "Aaron Ramsey\n\n\nMifsud. On 26 April, he scored his first league goal in a 3–3 draw against Burnley. He went on to make his first career league start three weeks later in a 3–1 win over Queens Park Rangers and began to establish himself in the first team, making several more starts in the Cardiff side. He made a total of 22 appearances during the season, his first full season of professional football, and played in five of the club's six FA Cup matches, including the final, becoming the second youngest player", "id": "12732777" }, { "contents": "Daniel Bruce (footballer)\n\n\nCup Final against Queen's Park. The final as scheduled finished as a 1–1 draw; in the replay, Bruce opened the scoring for Vale of Leven but Queen's came back to win 2–1. Soon afterwards, and while still a teenager, Bruce was capped for Scotland. His first and what turned out to be only international appearance came on 22 March 1890 against Wales in the British Home Championship; Scotland won 5–0. He moved to Rangers in 1891 and played four games in the Scottish Football League at the start of", "id": "4264595" }, { "contents": "Joe Hutton (footballer)\n\n\nJoseph \"Joe\" Hutton (18 November 1927 – April 1999) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Gillingham, Millwall, Reading and Stoke City. Hutton was born in Dundee and began his career in England with Reading. He only made eight appearances for the \"Royals\" before going back to Scotland to play for Ayr United. He and Ayr team-mate Bobby Cairns joined Stoke City in 1953. Hutton made an instant impact at the Victoria Ground scoring in his first three matches for the club", "id": "8572530" }, { "contents": "Alex Venters\n\n\nAlexander Venters (9 June 1913 – 30 April 1959) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Cowdenbeath, Rangers and Scotland. Alex Venters, an inside forward, joined Rangers in November 1933 after his first club Cowdenbeath. He spent a total of 13 years at Ibrox Park, winning three Scottish league titles (1935, 1937 and 1939), two Scottish Cups (1935, 1936) and scoring 102 goals in 201 appearances. 18 of these 102 goals came against Celtic in various competitions. In the last season before", "id": "9812289" }, { "contents": "Matt Fry\n\n\nreturned to West Ham having made 32 appearances, scoring one goal, for Charlton. Fry had his contract cancelled by mutual consent with West Ham on 2 February 2012 allowing him to seek first-team football on a regular basis. On 10 February 2012, Fry joined League Two club Bradford City on a free transfer. He made his debut in a 1–1 draw at home to Port Vale on 14 February 2012, in which he played 79 minutes before being substituted. After leaving Bradford, Fry played for Concord Rangers, helping", "id": "20258156" }, { "contents": "Alex Bennett (footballer)\n\n\nand also worked as a sports journalist. He died in Glasgow in 1940. Bennett was capped eleven times for Scotland, gaining three caps while at Celtic and the remaining eight while at Rangers. He made his Scotland debut against Wales in March 1904 and scored his first international goal, again against Wales, four years later. He scored his second international goal in his final Scotland appearance, against Ireland in March 1913. He also appeared ten times in representative matches for the Scottish Football League. At the age of 39 he", "id": "7795002" }, { "contents": "Robert Campbell (footballer, born 1882)\n\n\nRobert Campbell (1882 – 13 March 1931) was a Scottish footballer who played for Partick Thistle, Rangers, Millwall Athletic and Bradford City. He was a full back who won the 1911 FA Cup with Bradford. Born in Lugar in 1882, Campbell started his football career with Partick Thistle, with whom he won a Scottish League representative honour, before moving to Rangers in 1903. He played for Rangers until 1905, making nine appearances and scoring once before he moved to England and Millwall Athletic in the Southern League. He", "id": "15446261" }, { "contents": "Matthew Dickie\n\n\nMatthew Dickie (19 August 1873 – 30 December 1959) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Rangers. Dickie made his Rangers debut against St Mirren in a 5-1 home win at Ibrox on 15 August 1896. He played 126 league matches from a possible 132 in an amazing spell during his time at the club. He went on to make 175 first class appearances in total. Dickie won four League championships, 3 Scottish Cups, 5 Glasgow Cups and represented Scotland three times.", "id": "4766083" }, { "contents": "Michael O'Halloran (footballer)\n\n\nwin over Forfar Athletic. He scored again in Saints' final home game of the season, to conclude a 3–3 draw with former club Celtic. O'Halloran won the Scottish Premiership player of the month award for November 2015. St Johnstone rejected two bids from Rangers for O'Halloran in January 2016. Manager Tommy Wright then left O'Halloran out of their following league game, saying that O'Halloran was not \"mentally ready\" to play. O'Halloran made his final appearance for the club in a 2–1 defeat to Hibernian in the Scottish League Cup semi", "id": "9744181" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Millar (footballer, born 1870)\n\n\ntwo different spells: 1890–96 (winning three Football League championships in four seasons) and 1900–04 (claiming a fourth title), separated by a stint in his homeland at Rangers where he won two Scottish Football League titles and two Scottish Cups. Overall he made 260 appearances for Sunderland, scoring 123 goals. At the time of his death he was the trainer for Chelsea. Millar was capped for Scotland three times between 1897 and 1898 during his time with Rangers, scoring twice, both in matches against England; his first was", "id": "14464136" }, { "contents": "Joe Hendry\n\n\nJoe Hendry was a Scottish football player. Hendry played for Rangers, Greenock Morton and St Johnstone amongst other clubs during his career. Hendry began playing football with Maryhill FC. He joined Greenock Morton in 1907 and stayed there for two years before signing for Rangers. Hendry made his debut in a 1–0 win at home on 23 April 1910 against Clyde and during his eight-year spell with the club Hendry made 147 appearances and scored 7 goals. After leaving Rangers he had spells with Dumbarton, Third Lanark, St Johnstone and", "id": "17804993" }, { "contents": "Gordon Rae\n\n\nGordon Rae (born 3 May 1958) is a retired Scottish footballer, who played mainly as a defender for Hibernian, Partick Thistle, Hamilton Academical and Meadowbank Thistle. He also played sometimes as a centre forward, scoring over 50 goals in the Scottish Football League in his career. Rae signed for Hibernian as a 17-year-old from Whitehill Welfare in 1975. He made his first team debut two years later, and scored in a 2–0 win against Rangers at Ibrox in his second appearance. He became club captain, appeared", "id": "6510043" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Johnstone\n\n\narrival at Celtic, Stein had doubts about Johnstone, considering him too much of an individual player, to the overall detriment of the team, and he left him out of the team for the 1965 Scottish Cup Final. Johnstone soon won Stein round with his skill, and won his first winner's medal on 23 October 1965 when he played in Celtic's 2–1 win over Rangers in the Scottish League Cup Final. His 32 league appearances and nine goals that season helped Celtic win their first league title in 12 years. Johnstone", "id": "811424" }, { "contents": "Eddie Rutherford\n\n\nEdward 'Eddie' Rutherford (8 February 1921 – 29 August 2007) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers, Hearts and Scotland. Born in Govan, Scotland, Rutherford joined Rangers from Mossvale in 1941 but during the Second World War he was posted to England so he guested for Lincoln City and Bradford City. He played three games for Bradford in 1944–45 in the Football League War Cup North section. After he had completed his service, Rutherford returned to Rangers and made his first appearance for the club on 19 October", "id": "14506034" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\n1954 Cox played his last match for Scotland, as he captained the team at Hampden in a 4–2 defeat by England in front on 134,544 spectators. 1954–55 was Cox's last season at Rangers as he made only 15 first-team appearances. He made his final Rangers appearance in a 2–1 defeat to Aberdeen on 19 February 1955. Cox made a total of 370 appearances for Rangers, won 25 caps for Scotland and 13 caps for the Scottish League XI. After his Rangers career, Cox had a spell with East Fife before", "id": "14907543" }, { "contents": "Gary Warren (footballer)\n\n\ngame of the season, Warren made his debut in a 2–2 draw against St Mirren. Two-months later on 22 December 2012, he scored his first goal for Inverness in a 4–1 win over Dundee. In the quarter-final of the Scottish League Cup, he scored his second goal for Inverness in a 3–0 win over Rangers, helping the club to reach the semi-final. In the first part of the season, Warren and his teammates struggled as the club found themselves near the foot of the table,", "id": "16107731" }, { "contents": "Ronnie McKinnon\n\n\nRonald McKinnon (born 20 August 1940 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who played for Rangers and the Scotland national team. MacKinnon, a defender, made his Rangers debut against Hearts on 8 March 1961 in a 3–0 win at Ibrox. He went on to make 473 appearances for Rangers between 1961 and 1972, winning two League championships, four Scottish Cups, three League Cups and a Cup Winners' Cup. He also won a total of 28 caps for Scotland, making his debut in the famous 1", "id": "19851592" }, { "contents": "James Marshall (footballer, born 1908)\n\n\nDr James Marshall (3 January 1908 — 27 December 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for both Rangers and Arsenal as well as the Scotland national side. He played as an inside forward. Marshall was born in Avonbridge, Stirlingshire and joined Rangers from Shettleston in 1925. During his nine-year spell at Ibrox he amassed five League championships and three Scottish Cups. He also won three Scotland caps, all of them against England between 1932 and 1934. In total he scored 138 goals in 257 league appearances for Rangers", "id": "4895243" }, { "contents": "Thomas Murray (footballer)\n\n\nThomas Murray (7 April 1889 – 1976) was an English professional footballer who played as a inside right. Born in Middlesbrough, Murray spent his early career with Middlesbrough, Aberdeen, Rangers and Heart of Midlothian. At Hearts he scored 12 goals in 28 league games between August 1911 and April 1912. He joined Bradford City in June 1912. He made 6 league appearances for Bradford City, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in February 1914 to join Hull City. For Hull he made a further 2 league appearances", "id": "5167081" }, { "contents": "Ernie Thompson (footballer, born 1909)\n\n\n, scoring once in a 2–2 draw; his only other appearance came a week later in a 1–0 home win over Crewe Alexandra. At the end of the season, Thompson joined Second Division Bristol City, but never made a first-team appearance, instead spending his single season with the club playing in the reserves in both the Western Section of the Southern Football League and the Western Football League First Division. He left before the end of the 1929–30 season in February 1930 to join Bath City, playing for them in the", "id": "16156938" }, { "contents": "Alan Morton\n\n\n\"\" (insurance salesman). Morton had already been capped while an amateur before joining Rangers (making his debut for Scotland on 26 February 1920 against Wales) but would go on to play in every international against the \"Auld Enemy\", England, from 1920 to 1932 bar the fixture at Old Trafford in 1926, eventually winning 31 caps. In addition he made 15 appearances (scoring 1 goal) for the Scottish League XI (making his debut on 22 February 1919 against the Football League at St. Andrews, Birmingham", "id": "6451273" }, { "contents": "Dan Thomson\n\n\nDaniel Thomson (born 10 August 1891 in Dundee) was a Scottish professional footballer. Thomson began his career with Aberdeen before moving on to St Johnstone from where he joined Bristol City in the 1925-26 season. He spent the following season with Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic before joining Torquay United in 1927. He played in United's first match in the Football League, a 1-1 draw with local rivals Exeter City at Plainmoor on 27 August 1927. He played in the next eight games for Torquay before losing his place", "id": "2040384" }, { "contents": "Jack Smith (footballer, born 1895)\n\n\nwinning the Scottish Cup in 1920, including scoring the third goal for Kilmarnock in the final when they defeated his former team, Albion Rovers, 3–2. Following a disagreement with Kilmarnock, Smith joined Cowdenbeath, where during 1921–22, he netted 45 goals as they finished runners-up in Division Two. At the season's end he joined Rangers for £3,000, making his debut at Ibrox Park on 15 August 1922, scoring in a 2–0 victory over Alloa Athletic. He only made two further appearances for Rangers, scoring once", "id": "17284045" }, { "contents": "Peter Thomson (footballer)\n\n\nIn two seasons at Kenilworth Road he made 11 League appearances, scoring 3 goals. Scoring twice against Stoke City in a memorable 3-1 away win. He also played two League games whilst on loan at Rushden & Diamonds, scoring once on his debut. He had a brief spell with Morecambe, scoring against Dagenham & Redbridge on his home debut with an overhead kick. Thomson joined Southport in July 2002. He returned to Lancaster City in December 2003 and enjoyed further success with Stafford Rangers in the summer of 2005.", "id": "8805355" }, { "contents": "John McPherson (footballer, born 1868)\n\n\nMcPherson also won three Scottish Cup medals with Rangers, the first in 1894, where he scored in five of Rangers' six matches, including the 3–1 final win over Celtic at Hampden. McPherson also scored in the 1897 final, where Rangers defeated Dumbarton 5–1. His third Scottish Cup winners medal came a year later, 1898, where Rangers defeated McPherson's former club Kilmarnock 2–0. His final recorded appearance for Rangers was in a 2–0 friendly defeat to Glentoran on 2 April 1902. McPherson was also a Scottish International, winning", "id": "8242049" }, { "contents": "James Cairns (forward)\n\n\nJames Cairns (\"unknown\" – \"unknown\") was a footballer who played at inside right for several English clubs, including Lincoln City and Newton Heath in the late 1890s. Cairns began his football career with Stevenston Thistle in 1895, before moving to Glossop North End. In September 1897, he joined Football League side Lincoln City, but before he made an appearance for the club, he had moved on to Newton Heath in April 1898. It took Cairns six months to make his debut for the Heathens, eventually", "id": "22214514" }, { "contents": "Andy Neil\n\n\nAndrew Neil (18 November 1892 – 14 August 1941) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 328 Football League appearances playing as an inside forward or wing half for Brighton & Hove Albion (two spells), Arsenal and Queens Park Rangers. Neil was born in Crosshouse, near Kilmarnock in Ayrshire. He joined Kilmarnock of Division One from junior club Ardeer Thistle, and made his debut on 12 April 1913 away to Motherwell. He played regularly in his second season, and in 1914–15, his 20 goals placed him sixth in", "id": "2233011" }, { "contents": "Ernest Myers (footballer)\n\n\nErnest Myers, also known as Colin Myers, was an English professional footballer who played as an inside left. Born in Chapeltown, Sheffield, Myers spent his early career with Northfleet, Crystal Palace and Hickleton Main Colliery. He joined Bradford City in April 1914, and made 1 league appearance for the club, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in May 1920 to join Southend United, where he scored 2 goals in 23 league games. He later played for Aberdare Athletic, Northampton Town, Queens Park Rangers, Exeter", "id": "5167086" }, { "contents": "Billy Bennett (footballer, born 1955)\n\n\nthen over a year before Bennett made another senior appearance, when he again scored in a 3–0 Hearts win over Berwick Rangers in the final of the East of Scotland Shield. He made his league debut for Hearts on 16 November 1974 in the 1–3 defeat away at Arbroath. Bennett left Hearts in the summer of 1976 to sign for Third Division outfit Berwick Rangers. In two seasons with The Borderers, he played 69 league matches and scored 8 goals. At the start of the 1978–79 season, Bennett joined Forfar Athletic. He", "id": "17097673" }, { "contents": "Jerome Thomas\n\n\nhe scored a goal in the final over Blackburn Rovers. He was loaned out to Second Division side Queens Park Rangers in the 2001–02 and 2002–03 seasons. He made his debut in the Football League on 30 March 2002, in a 3–2 win over Tranmere Rovers at Prenton Park. He scored his first professional goal on 6 April, the only goal of the game against Swindon Town at the County Ground in a 1–0 win for QPR. During his second loan spell in October 2002, he scored long distance goals away at Cheltenham", "id": "9097657" }, { "contents": "Willie Reid (footballer)\n\n\nEngland with Portsmouth. Reid returned to Scotland in April 1909 when signed by Rangers, where he won three league titles in eleven seasons. He was the club's top scorer for six consecutive seasons, between 1910 and 1916. He received all his caps for Scottish national side while with Rangers. Reid made his Scotland debut in a 2–2 draw with Wales in 1911 and earned his last cap three years later, against England. Reid also represented the Scottish League XI. His football career was interrupted by the First World War,", "id": "15187335" }, { "contents": "Stephen McGinn\n\n\nRangers, where St Mirren won 1–0, the team's first home league win over Rangers in 22 years. McGinn started the 2009–10 season on bench in the Scottish League Cup game but then went on to score on his first start of the season in a 2–1 loss to Hibernian on 15 August 2009. He continued his season with a brace against Kilmarnock at Rugby Park, where The Buddies came from behind to win 2–1. McGinn signed for Watford in January 2010, for an undisclosed fee. He made his first Watford appearance", "id": "14258787" }, { "contents": "Anthony Ralston\n\n\nAnthony Ralston (born 16 November 1998) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Celtic. He also spent several months on loan at Queens Park in 2015 and at Dundee United in 2018. Ralston made his debut for the Celtic first team on 11 May 2016, in a 2–1 defeat against St Johnstone. He scored his first goal for Celtic in a 5–0 Scottish League Cup win over Kilmarnock on 8 August 2017. He made some further appearances early in the 2017–18 season, including a Champions League match against Paris Saint-", "id": "17673352" }, { "contents": "Sam Gallacher\n\n\nSamuel Gallacher (born 23 December 1904) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a centre half. Born in Annbank, Gallacher played for Larkfield Juniors and Cadzow St. Anne's in his native Scotland, before moving to England to join Bradford City in May 1924. For Bradford City he made 40 appearances in the Football League, scoring 2 goals. He left the club in August 1927 to join Crystal Palace. He later played for Lincoln City, making 13 appearances in the Football League as well as one FA Cup appearance", "id": "4883696" }, { "contents": "Julien Rodriguez\n\n\nJulien Rodriguez (born 11 June 1978 in Béziers, France) is a French former professional footballer who played as a defender. Rodriguez started his career at AS Monaco, making 135 appearances for the club and helping them to reach the 2004 Champions League final. He joined Scottish Premier League club Rangers in August 2005 for £1m. He scored his first goal for Rangers on 11 March 2006 in Rangers' 4–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Ibrox Stadium and made a total of 30 appearances in his debut season with the club.", "id": "11830556" }, { "contents": "Mark Williams (Scottish footballer)\n\n\n-year contract by his former St Mirren manager Danny Lennon. Nine days later he made his debut, playing the full 90 minutes as they won 1–0 at Highland League team Brora Rangers in the first round of the Scottish Challenge Cup. On 8 August he played his first league game, a 3–1 loss away to Queen of the South. In February 2016, he moved on loan to Arbroath in Scottish League Two; on 12 March he scored his first career goal to conclude a 3–0 win over East Stirlingshire at Gayfield Park", "id": "15479008" }, { "contents": "Jack Blackman (English footballer)\n\n\nJohn James Blackman (25 November 1912 – 1987) was an English retired professional footballer who played in the Football League for Crystal Palace and Queens Park Rangers as a forward. He also played non-league football for Guildford City. Blackman began his career at Queens Park Rangers and in October 1935, signed for Crystal Palace, then playing in the Football League Third Division South. He made a goal-scoring debut in November in a home 5–0 win against Millwall and went on to make 27 appearances that season scoring 19 times", "id": "13124108" }, { "contents": "Paul Bennett (footballer, born 1961)\n\n\nPaul Bennett (born 30 January 1961) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Port Vale. Bennett was an Everton youth team player before joining Port Vale in September 1978. He made his debut as a substitute in a 1–1 draw with Peterborough United at London Road on 1 November 1980, and three weeks later he scored his first goal in a 4–2 win over Bradford City. He went on to play 26 Fourth Division games in the 1980–81 season, and scored his first goal in the Football League", "id": "4265172" }, { "contents": "Nicol Smith\n\n\nNicol Smith (25 December 1873 – 6 January 1905) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers. Born in Darvel, Ayrshire, Smith played as a fullback for local sides Vale of Irvine, Royal Albert and Darvel, earning junior international selection, before joining Rangers in 1893. He made only two league appearances in his first season at the club, but by 1893–94, he had established himself in the Rangers team, missing just one of the 18 league fixtures. During that season he was also responsible for bringing Alex", "id": "20560230" }, { "contents": "Bill Paterson (footballer, born 1930)\n\n\nthe proceeds adding to the transfer deal. He had a relatively unsuccessful three years on Tyneside and so returned to Scotland to join Rangers for £3,500. His debut came on 13 August 1958 in a 2-1 home league win against Partick Thistle. That was the first of three appearances that he would make that entire season. Overall Paterson did go on to make 116 top team appearances for the club and won two Scottish league championships. He also claimed a Scottish Cup, a Scottish League Cup, a Charity Cup winners", "id": "14236809" }, { "contents": "David McClure (footballer)\n\n\nDavid McClure was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a right-back who had spells in Scotland, Ireland and England. He was born in Slamannan, Stirlingshire, but began his footballing career in Ireland with Glenavon. McClure then returned to Scotland to play Junior league football with Dunipace, before joining Scottish Football League club St Johnstone in 1924. In June 1927, he was signed by Football League Third Division North club Nelson and made his debut for the club on 24 September 1927 in the 2–1 win against Durham City.", "id": "19923020" }, { "contents": "Arthur Adey\n\n\nArthur Lewis Adey (1 March 1930 - January 1994) was a Scottish professional association football player of the 1950s. Born in Glasgow, he was a centre forward and began his professional career with Doncaster Rovers and later played for Gillingham and Bradford Park Avenue. He made 68 appearances in The Football League and scored 15 goals. He signed for Doncaster Rovers in September 1950, following his move from Bishop Auckland and made his professional debut in Division Two on 14 April 1951 against Queens Park Rangers. In 1954, after three more", "id": "17203075" }, { "contents": "Billy Hogg\n\n\nWilliam Hogg (29 May 1879 – 30 January 1937) was an English footballer who played at outside right, winning the Football League championship with Sunderland in 1901–02, before moving to Scotland where he won the Scottish League title three times with Rangers. He also made three appearances for England in 1902. Hogg was born in Sunderland and was playing local football with Willington Athletic when he was spotted by Sunderland where he became a professional in October 1899. He made his debut on 2 December 1899, scoring in a 5–0 victory over", "id": "13514822" }, { "contents": "John Ballantyne (footballer)\n\n\nJohn Ballantyne (30 June 1892 – after 1917) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 20 appearances in the Football League playing for Birmingham and played for Scottish Football League clubs Kilmarnock, Vale of Leven and Rangers. He played as an outside right. Ballantyne was born in Riccarton, Ayrshire. He played for Kilmarnock and Vale of Leven before coming to England to join Football League Second Division club Birmingham in April 1913. He made his debut on 26 April 1913, the last day of the 1912–13 season, in a 2–1", "id": "2299260" }, { "contents": "Liam Burt\n\n\nLiam Burt (born 1 February 1999) is a Scottish footballer who last played for Rangers, as a midfielder. He made his first team debut for Rangers in March 2016, and has also played on loan for Dumbarton and Alloa Athletic. Burt has represented Scotland at various youth levels up to under-21 level. Burt played youth football for Celtic before being released and subsequently joining the Rangers Academy. He made his professional debut for the club aged seventeen during a Scottish Championship match against Raith Rovers on 1 March 2016. A few", "id": "3837470" }, { "contents": "James Hamilton (footballer, born 1901)\n\n\nJames Hamilton (16 June 1901 – 1975) was a Scottish footballer who played for Vale of Clyde, St Mirren, Rangers, Blackpool, Barrow, Armadale and Scotland. He was a full-back. Bargeddie-born Hamilton made his debut for Harry Evans' Blackpool at home to Bristol City on 15 September 1928, six games into their 1928–29 Football League campaign. He made a further 24 League appearances that season as \"the Tangerines\" finished eighth in Division Two. He started the first three League games of the", "id": "1708146" }, { "contents": "John Campbell (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\nJohn William Campbell (2 October 1877 – 20 January 1919) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Linthouse, Partick Thistle, Blackburn Rovers, Rangers, West Ham United, Hibernian and the Scotland national team. He was born in Glasgow and gained the most success in his career with Rangers with whom he won four successive league titles (1898–99, 1899–00, 1900–01 and 1901–02) the first of which Rangers won all 18 of their Scottish league matches. He also represented Scotland at international level, winning four caps and scoring", "id": "13889025" }, { "contents": "Matt Hill (footballer)\n\n\nMatthew Clayton Hill (born 26 March 1981) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for Bradford Park Avenue. Born in Bristol, Hill started his career with Bristol City where he made over 200 appearances. He subsequently joined Preston North End where he also spent a successful spell, playing over 100 times for the Lancashire club. A move to Wolverhampton Wanderers followed but first team opportunities were more limited and he was loaned to Queens Park Rangers before leaving to join Barnsley. After only one season at the South Yorkshire club", "id": "15275700" }, { "contents": "Dennis O'Donnell\n\n\nDennis O'Donnell (q1 1880 – after 1908) was an English professional footballer who scored 41 goals from 167 appearances in the Football League playing as a forward for Lincoln City, Sunderland, Notts County and Bradford Park Avenue. He also played in the Southern League for Queens Park Rangers. O'Donnell was born in Willington Quay, then in Northumberland. He made his debut for Lincoln City on 5 October 1901 in a 2–1 win at home to Middlesbrough in the Football League Second Division, and played for the club until the end of", "id": "1332551" }, { "contents": "William McLachlan (footballer)\n\n\nWilliam McLachlan (born 19 March 1989) is a Scottish footballer currently playing for Irvine Meadow in the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region. He has previously played in the Scottish Football League First Division for Airdrie United and for Australian club Melbourne Knights in the Victorian Premier League. McLachlan began his career with Rangers and appeared for the Scotland U-16 team in a Victory Shield match against Northern Ireland in October 2004. In December 2008, he joined Airdrie United on loan. He made his debut against St Johnstone on 20 December.", "id": "18351658" }, { "contents": "Bruno Andrade (footballer, born 1993)\n\n\njoined Lincoln City for the 2018-19 League Two season for a free transfer on the 24th May 2018. Born in Portugal, Andrade joined the Queens Park Rangers academy at the age of 13. He made his debut for Queens Park Rangers against Preston North End on 20 November 2010. He then made his second appearance for the club against Blackburn Rovers in the FA Cup. He replaced Jamie Mackie who had broken his leg. He made a further two first-team appearances at the beginning of the 2011–12 season, including", "id": "14654306" }, { "contents": "John Walker (footballer, born 1873)\n\n\nscored the winning goal against West Bromwich Albion on the final day of the season to secure the title. Walker played another 18 times for Liverpool in 1901–02 before returning to Scotland to join Rangers, who had just won a fourth successive domestic title but were also facing financial troubles due to the reconstruction work required on their stadium after the recent 1902 Ibrox disaster. He scored at a rate of nearly a goal every two league games over his three seasons with the Glasgow club, and appeared in two further Scottish Cup finals. In", "id": "15474189" }, { "contents": "Charles Dennington\n\n\nCharles Dennington (born 7 October 1899, died 1943) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Beccles, Dennington played for Norwich City, Bradford City and Kirkley. He joined Norwich from his home town club, Beccles Town, and made his debut in a 1-1 draw against Queens Park Rangers in the Third Division (South) in August 1922, establishing himself as the Canaries' first choice ahead of William O'Hagen and Ernest Williamson. He missed just twenty League games over the next five", "id": "8086327" }, { "contents": "Davy McDougall\n\n\nside of 1899–00. He was also with Rangers without apparently making a first team appearance. In summer 1900 he joined Southern League Bristol City from Partick Thistle making his debut at outside left in a 0–2 defeat at Luton Town on 15 September 1900. He made 11 appearances scoring 2 goals playing on both right and left wings in season 1900–01 when Bristol City were runners up in the Southern League. He also played on both wings in 12 Western League games scoring 2 goals. He rejoined Rangers in the summer of 1901 making 4", "id": "20661422" }, { "contents": "Gordon Smith (footballer, born December 1954)\n\n\n. He was sold to Rangers in 1977 for £65,000. In his first season with Rangers, Smith won the domestic treble, scoring 27 goals from midfield. He also scored the winning goal in the 1978 Scottish League Cup Final, against Celtic. He was sold to Brighton & Hove Albion in 1980 for a record transfer fee of £440,000. He returned to Rangers on loan in December 1982, playing in the 1982 League Cup Final defeat by Celtic. Smith made three appearances during his loan spell, without scoring.", "id": "8508165" }, { "contents": "George Stewart (footballer, born 1932)\n\n\nGeorge Stewart (16 November 1932 – 22 May 1998) was a Scottish footballer, who played as a goalkeeper for Petershill Juniors, Raith Rovers, Stirling Albion, Montrose and Bradford City. Born in Larkhall in 1932, Stewart started his career with junior side Petershill. He was capped by the Scotland junior select team while with the club. He joined the senior game when he signed for Raith Rovers in 1952. He made 68 appearances in the Scottish Football League for three clubs in seven seasons, before moving to England to", "id": "22044872" }, { "contents": "Tommy Anderson (footballer)\n\n\nfor a fee of £1,000, but in November the same year he moved to Queen's Park Rangers. He had only played five league games for Bournemouth, scoring once. He went on to score 3 times in 10 league games for Rangers in the 1958–59 season. He moved again in July 1959, signing for Torquay United. He made his debut on 22 August 1959, the first day of the 1959–60 season, in a 2–1 home win against Doncaster Rovers. In his season with Torquay he played in nine league", "id": "2845776" }, { "contents": "Richard Edghill\n\n\nof Sun Jihai served to further limit Richard's opportunities at the club and he was released at the end of the 2001–02 promotion winning campaign, having made a total of 207 appearances for the club in nine years. Following his release Edghill had short unsuccessful spells with Wigan Athletic and Sheffield United before joining Queens Park Rangers in August 2003. In the 2005 close season Edghill joined Bradford City on a free transfer. At Bradford he scored twice; against Tranmere Rovers in the league and Barnsley in the FA Cup. He was one", "id": "9473165" }, { "contents": "John Blackwood (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\n, who then sold him to Football League Second Division club Woolwich Arsenal. After joining Woolwich Arsenal in May 1900, Blackwood scored on his debut, in a 2–1 win over Gainsborough Trinity on the opening day of the 1900–01 season. This was to be his only season with the club; he scored six goals in 17 league appearances. He also scored during his one appearance in the FA Cup, against Darwen on 5 January 1901. He left for Reading in May 1901. In November 1902, Blackwood joined Queens Park Rangers", "id": "4952881" }, { "contents": "David Amoo\n\n\nRobinson's first-team however, and made just two further substitute appeareances at Stadium MK before returning to Anfield on 23 February. On 28 February, he joined Championship side Hull City on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. He made his \"Tigers\" debut coming on as a replacement for Jay Simpson in a 1–0 win at Nottingham Forest on 5 March. He scored his first goal in senior football in a 1–1 draw at Queens Park Rangers on 25 April. Unable to break into Nigel Pearson's first-", "id": "5142268" }, { "contents": "Chris Brandon\n\n\nin Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, on 7 April 1976. He attended Yorkshire Martyrs Collegiate School in Bradford and supported the city's Football League team Bradford City. Brandon started his football career as a trainee for Bradford City, but he was dropped by their academy and joined non-league side Bradford Park Avenue. He later played for Farsley Celtic before joining Stafford Rangers. He played 32 times for Rangers over two seasons before returning to play for Bradford Park Avenue. In his two spells with Park Avenue, Brandon played", "id": "14931377" }, { "contents": "Sam Charnley\n\n\nSamuel \"Sam\" Charnley (18 November 1902 – 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for Wolverhampton Wanderers in the Football League. Born in Craigneuk, a suburb of Wishaw, North Lanarkshire, Charnley played for Burnbank Athletic before joining Wolverhampton Wanderers of the Football League Second Division in January 1925. He made his debut on 12 September 1925 in a 4–1 win against Portsmouth. After making 55 appearances in total, scoring once, he joined Midland League team York City in August 1928. He captained York in the 1928–29 season", "id": "10736957" }, { "contents": "Sébastien Faure (footballer)\n\n\n. Faure joined Rangers on a three-year deal pending international clearance on 21 August 2012. After the move, Faure says he joined Rangers because Manager Ally McCoist persuaded him to join. He made his debut against First Division side Falkirk in the Scottish League Cup on 30 August 2012. It was on 23 February 2013, when Faure scored his first ever senior goal. This came whilst playing Third Division Berwick Rangers and it contributed to a 3–1 win away from home. Faure had his first run out of the season in", "id": "5596733" }, { "contents": "Dave MacFarlane\n\n\nDave MacFarlane (16 January 1967 – 30 October 2013) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Kilmarnock. MacFarlane began his career with Ayr United Boys Club before joining Rangers. Whilst at Ibrox he made seven league appearances and picked up a winner's medal in October 1986 when he came on as a second-half substitute in Rangers 2-1 win over Celtic in the Scottish League Cup Final. MacFarlane also had loan spells with Kilmarnock and Dundee, before joining the former on a permanent", "id": "7049582" }, { "contents": "Rocco Quinn\n\n\nAugust 2009. His league debut was the 1–1 home draw a week later against Raith Rovers. He scored league goals that season in games against Ayr United, Partick Thistle and a double against Greenock Morton. The Palmerston Park side ended the season in fifth place. He also played on 23 September 2009 in the 2–1 home League Cup defeat against Rangers. In total Quinn made 35 competitive first team appearances in his first season. The QoS website confirmed on 18 June 2011 that Quinn had left and signed for Ross County. In", "id": "16760979" }, { "contents": "Tommy Kelso\n\n\nTommy Kelso (6 May 1882-29 January 1974) was a Scottish footballer who played as a full back for Manchester City between 1906 and 1911. Kelso started his career at Third Lanark before signing for Manchester City in 1906. He made his debut for Manchester City in September 1906 in a 4-1 defeat against Arsenal. He made 139 league appearances for Manchester City and scored 3 goals. He subsequently returned to Scotland and played for Dundee, Rangers and Dumbarton. He won one Scotland cap in 1914 in a 0", "id": "5742448" }, { "contents": "Luke Freeman\n\n\nLeague Trophy and League One titles during his first season with the team. He spent two-and-a-half years at Bristol City before joining Queens Park Rangers in January 2017. Freeman began his career at Charlton Athletic, joining the club's academy in 2001 after being scouted playing Sunday league youth football. He spent two years at Charlton before being released \"for being too small\". Following his release from Charlton, Freeman joined Gillingham at the age of 11. He made his first-team debut for Gillingham", "id": "8315727" }, { "contents": "David Provan (footballer, born 1941)\n\n\nDavid Provan (11 March 1941 – 26 November 2016) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for Rangers, Crystal Palace, Plymouth Argyle and St Mirren. Provan also played for Scotland and the Scottish League XI. Provan was a product of the Rangers youth team and played as a full back. He made his debut on 27 December 1958, in a league match away to Third Lanark which Rangers won 3-2. He helped the club win a domestic treble in 1963–4 and played in the 1967 European Cup Winners", "id": "926204" }, { "contents": "Neil Danns\n\n\ndeal. He had rejected an offer from Scottish Premier League club Rangers. Danns made his Leicester City debut, where he started the whole game, in a 1–0 win over Coventry City in the opening game of the season. He scored his first goal for Leicester City on 23 August 2011 in a 4–2 away win against Bury in the League Cup. Danns soon became a first team regular for the side at the start of the season, finding himself rotated. He scored his first league goal for the club against Blackpool in", "id": "141524" }, { "contents": "Billy Blunt\n\n\nWilliam Blunt (5 August 1886 – 1962) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Wolverhampton Wanderers and Bristol Rovers. Blunt joined Second Division Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1908 from nearby non-league side Stafford Rangers. He made his Football League debut on 28 November 1908 in a 1–2 defeat at Oldham Athletic. He scored two in his second appearance (against Clapton Orient) and ended the season with 8 goals. The 1909–10 campaign saw him score 27 goals, making him the club's top goalscorer for the season", "id": "5433307" }, { "contents": "Gordon Ashcroft\n\n\nGordon Aschroft (7 September 1902 – after 1930) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Lea, Lancashire, he played for Coppull Central before joining Football League First Division side Burnley in November 1925. He made his debut for the club on 7 December 1925 in the 3–1 win against Birmingham at Turf Moor. Ashcroft failed to make another first-team appearance for Burnley and was released at the end of the 1926–27 season. In August 1927 he signed for Burscough Rangers, and then played for", "id": "5652868" }, { "contents": "Raul Correia\n\n\ngoal for Guiseley on 16 September in a 1–1 draw away to Wrexham after guiding Will Hatfield's deflected shot from distance past goalkeeper Luke Coddington. Correia made his final appearance in a 4–0 defeat away to Tranmere Rovers on 30 December, and returned to his parent club two days later. On 11 January 2018, Correia joined National League North club York City on loan for the remainder of the season. Two days later, he made his debut by starting in a 2–1 home win against Bradford Park Avenue. He scored his first", "id": "12088537" }, { "contents": "Bobby Main\n\n\nRobert Frame Main (10 February 1909 – 30 March 1985) was a Scottish professional football player, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Main began his career at local team Baillieston Juniors and joined Rangers in 1929, initially as understudy to Sandy Archibald. He was in and out of the side for four years before becoming a regular in 1933. During his spell at the club he won two Scottish league championships, two Scottish Cups, three Glasgow Cups and two Charity Cups. He made 158 appearances for Rangers", "id": "12825737" }, { "contents": "Ian McColl\n\n\nfinal appearance for Rangers was in the 1960 Scottish Cup Final, a 2–0 win against Kilmarnock. He made a total of 526 appearances for the Glasgow club. He also won 14 caps for Scotland and represented the Scottish League XI. After his playing career, he quickly went into management. He was appointed manager of Scotland in 1960 and enjoyed a winning start, beating Northern Ireland 5–2 at Hampden Park. Under McColl's managership, Scotland won British Home Championships in 1962 and 1963. The team beat England 2–0 at Hampden and", "id": "14525157" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Sharp\n\n\nyear later, in 1905 he was snapped up by Woolwich Arsenal of the First Division and promptly became a regular in the side after making his debut against Liverpool on 2 September 1905. He missed only three league games in his first season and reached the FA Cup semi-finals twice in his first two seasons. At Arsenal Sharp also won another three Scotland caps, before Rangers prised him away in April 1908 for £400. In total he played 116 games for Arsenal, scoring 5 goals. His spell at Rangers only", "id": "17959164" }, { "contents": "Craig Beattie\n\n\nplayed a competitive game in two months he missed the game against Dundee United on 25 February as was not match fit. After scoring twice in a bounce game, he made his debut as a substitute on 3 March against Rangers in a 2–1 win at Ibrox. He scored his first goal for Hearts in a 2–2 draw with St Mirren in the Scottish Cup 6th round at Tynecaste on 10 March. He had a second goal in the same match wrongfully ruled out for offside. In just his second league appearance for the club", "id": "12813032" }, { "contents": "Vladimír Weiss (footballer, born 1989)\n\n\nsubstitute. On 19 August 2010, Weiss joined Scottish side Rangers on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. Prior to signing for Rangers, Weiss rejected a move to their city rivals Celtic. He made his Rangers debut against Hibernian at Easter Road on 22 August coming on as a substitute for James Beattie, setting up the second goal with Rangers going on to win 3–0. He scored his first goal for Rangers in a 4–1 home win against Motherwell and five days later made his Champions League debut against Valencia, providing", "id": "535578" }, { "contents": "Ralph Brand\n\n\nplayed his last match for Rangers on 23 April 1965 when he scored the only goal in a 1–0 win over Third Lanark in the final League game of the season. Brand was sold to Manchester City in August that year for £30,000. Two years later he moved to Sunderland before returning to Scottish football at Raith Rovers (managed by his friend Jimmy Millar). He retired in 1970, although he would come out of retirement to play a handful of matches for Hamilton Academical in 1971–72. Brand played for Scotland eight times", "id": "16219219" } ]

[ { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nTommy Cairns (30 October 1890 – 30 November 1967) was a Scottish footballer who played for Bristol City, Peebles Rovers, St Johnstone, Rangers, Bradford City and Scotland. Born in Merryton, Lanarkshire, Cairns made his name in Junior football, helping Burnbank Athletic to the Scottish Junior Cup in 1911. He also appeared for Larkhall Thistle before earning an opportunity in the senior leagues. His first professional club was Bristol City where he played for two seasons from 1911. He joined Peebles Rovers in 1913 and had a short", "id": "21330844" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nan ever-present and scored 11 goals. Cairns enjoyed further League title successes in 1919–20, 1920–21, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1924–25 and 1926–27 before joining Bradford City in 1927. His final Rangers appearance was in a 2–1 win over Queen's Park on 1 March 1927. In his time with Bradford he made 135 appearances and won a Division Three North medal in 1929. He retired from football in 1932 and later worked as a scout for Arsenal. Cairns was also capped at international level, making eight Scotland appearances. He", "id": "21330846" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nspell with St Johnstone before joining Rangers in November 1913. He made his debut against Hamilton Academical on 27 December 1913 and played a total of nine games in his first season as Rangers finished second to rivals Celtic in Division One. Cairns was a regular in the Rangers team the following season, missing just one league game. He continued to be a regular in the team for the next two seasons but it was in season 1917–18 that he won his first League title (Rangers' first for five years). Cairns was", "id": "21330845" }, { "contents": "Kevin Cairns (footballer)\n\n\nin September 1960, making his debut that month in a Scottish Football League match against St Johnstone. After being a first team regular in his first season, Cairns made only one appearance in 1961–62 and was given a free transfer by Dundee United in May 1962. He signed for Southport in August 1962, going on to make 206 appearances in the Football League over the next six years. He then played non-league football for Wigan Athletic, where he played four games in the Cheshire League, and made a further five", "id": "20271756" }, { "contents": "Sandy Archibald\n\n\nRangers won the League title for the first time in 5 seasons. Archibald went on to win thirteen league titles in his seventeen seasons with the Glasgow club. He also won three Scottish Cup medals, the first of which was Rangers' first in 25 years and Archibald scored twice in the final as Rangers defeated Celtic 4–0 at Hampden. His final appearance for Rangers was in a 1–1 draw away to Queen's Park on 30 April 1934. He made 580 appearances for Rangers. Archibald won a total of 8 caps for Scotland", "id": "9747370" }, { "contents": "Arthur Dixon (footballer, born 1892)\n\n\nfirst goal for the club on 8 March 1919 in a 3–0 league win against Hamilton Academical. He enjoyed a benefit match at Ibrox Park on 10 September 1923. A crowd of 10,000 watched Rangers draw 1–1 with Liverpool. The Rangers side was: Hamilton (goalkeeper), Manderson, Meiklejohn, Dixon, McCandless, Archibald, Muirhead, Morton, Hansen, Cairns. The goalscorer for Rangers was Hansen. In total he made 361 appearances (326 league and 35 Scottish Cup) for the club. He scored eight goals (", "id": "11923821" }, { "contents": "Bert Manderson\n\n\nBert Manderson (9 May 1893 – 27 April 1946) was an Irish footballer, who played for Rangers and Ireland. Manderson, a right-back, made his Rangers debut in a 1-1 draw with Aberdeen on 27 March 1915. He had joined Rangers from Glenavon for £150. He previously had spells at Cliftonville and Belfast Celtic. He went on to make 370 league appearances (452 in total) in 12 seasons with the club, winning seven Scottish league titles. Manderson left Rangers to join Bradford Park", "id": "21502381" }, { "contents": "Archie Devine\n\n\nScotland, but he never played for the national side again. He also made one appearance for the Scottish League XI in that season, in a 3–2 win against the English Football League XI. In April 1910 he moved south of the border to Bradford City, and was part of the side that won the 1911 FA Cup Final against Newcastle United. He stayed at Bradford for nearly three years before joining Woolwich Arsenal. He made his debut for Arsenal against Chelsea on 15 February 1913, and was part of the team that", "id": "20302147" }, { "contents": "James Stewart (footballer, born 1883)\n\n\nhe played in the losing side in the final against Bradford City. He made his third, and final, England appearance against Scotland on 1 April 1911 and again scored in a 1–1 draw. All three of his international appearances thus ended 1–1. He continued to be a regular member of the Newcastle side until he was sold to Rangers in 1913 for £600. In his Newcastle career he made a total of 138 appearances with 53 goals. In May 1914 he returned to his native north-east, and non-", "id": "11906121" }, { "contents": "George Waddell\n\n\nGeorge Barr Waddell (29 November 1888 – 17 September 1966) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Scottish Football League for Rangers and in the Football League in England for Bradford City, Preston North End, Oldham Athletic, Birmingham and New Brighton. He played as a wing half. Waddell was born in Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire. He began his football career in junior football before joining Rangers in 1909. He made his debut in Division One on 26 April 1909 in a 3–2 defeat to Queen's Park. Over the", "id": "656965" }, { "contents": "Andrew Shinnie\n\n\ninternational debut for Scotland in November 2012, in a 2–1 win over Luxembourg. Shinnie made his first team debut for Rangers on 17 March 2007, coming on as a substitute for Dado Pršo in a Scottish Premier League match against Aberdeen. On the same day, he scored two goals for Rangers' under-19 team against St Mirren under-19s. In April, he scored the first goal in the 5–0 win over rivals Celtic as Rangers won the 2007 Scottish Youth Cup Final. He went on to sign a new three-year professional", "id": "14751617" }, { "contents": "Bobby McKean\n\n\nRobert Munro McKean (8 December 1952 – 15 March 1978) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for St Mirren and Rangers. He appeared in one full international match for Scotland, in 1976. McKean started his career at local club Blantyre Victoria before moving to St Mirren in 1969. After five seasons in Paisley he joined Rangers for £50,000 in September 1974. He enjoyed a successful spell in Govan and won the league twice in his first two seasons. He was also part of the 1976 Scottish Cup Final winning", "id": "303577" }, { "contents": "Andy Cunningham (footballer)\n\n\n1918–19. In total, he made 389 appearances and scored 182 goals for Rangers. He won 7 League titles and played in Rangers' famous 1928 Scottish Cup final triumph where they defeated Celtic 4–0 to win their first Scottish Cup in 25 years. Cunningham was also capped at international level, playing 12 times for Scotland and scoring 5 goals. He lost just one of his 12 games for Scotland. Cunningham also represented the Scottish League XI 10 times. Cunningham moved to Newcastle United in 1928, becoming the then oldest player to", "id": "19975016" }, { "contents": "Archie Mitchell (footballer)\n\n\nthe team win the Birmingham & District League title in the 1905–06 and 1906–07 seasons. Mitchell departed Villa in 1907. On 2 May 1907, Mitchell joined Southern League First Division club Queens Park Rangers. He had a good start to his career with the Hoops, winning the 1907–08 First Division title in his debut season. A further First Division title was won in 1911–12, with the Charity Shield being lost 2–1 to Football League First Division champions Blackburn Rovers. He remained with Queens Park Rangers through to 1921 and finally made his", "id": "9272843" }, { "contents": "James Bowie (footballer)\n\n\nJames Bowie (9 July 1888 – 7 August 1972) was a Scottish football player and football administrator, who played for and was chairman of Rangers. He began his career at Maryhill Juniors and joined Rangers in December 1910 from Queen's Park. He made his debut against Falkirk on 10 December 1910. During his time at the club he won six League championships and played in a total of 351 competitive games, scoring 70 goals. Bowie won two Scotland caps in 1920, and also played in three wartime internationals in 1919", "id": "4895542" }, { "contents": "James Vaughan (footballer, born 1988)\n\n\n. He made his second debut for the club in the 1–0 defeat by Nottingham Forest on 3 August. After scoring two goals in the League Cup win over Bradford City on 6 August, he scored his first league goal on his return in the 1–1 draw with Queens Park Rangers on 10 August. On 24 August, he scored a hat-trick in a 5–1 win against A.F.C. Bournemouth. Vaughan joined fellow Championship club Birmingham City on 26 November 2015, on loan until 2 January 2016. He made his debut as a", "id": "14499593" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Smith (footballer, born 1911)\n\n\ncontinued their dominance of Scottish football. Smith also collected his first Scottish Cup medal, scoring in a 5-0 defeat of St Mirren in the final at Hampden. Success for Smith and Rangers continued. The League title was again won in 1934–35 with Smith scoring 43 goals in 38 matches, including 6 in a 7-1 defeat of Dunfermline Athletic. He also collected his second Scottish Cup medal, scoring twice in the 2-1 against Hamilton Academical in the final. Rangers went on to win two of the next", "id": "14794886" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\na 4–2 win over Motherwell at the start of the 1946–47 season. He made a total of 13 league appearances in his first season, including a 4–1 win over Hamilton Academical in the last match, as Rangers beat Hibernian to clinch the League title. In the following season, 1947–48, Cox was an ever present as Rangers finished second to Hibs in the league, and won the Scottish Cup after a 1–0 win over Greenock Morton. Cox also netted his first Rangers goal during the season, scoring in a 2–1 win over", "id": "14907540" }, { "contents": "Andrew Little (footballer)\n\n\nas making one appearance for the \"B\" team, he won his first senior cap in March 2009, and appeared nine times in total. A former Ballinamallard United player, he moved from Northern Ireland to Scotland in 2006 to join the Rangers Academy. He scored for the \"Gers\" in the club's Scottish Youth Cup final victory over Old Firm rival's Celtic at Hampden Park in 2008. That season he also helped the club to top the SPFL Development League. He made his senior debut as a substitute for", "id": "5532587" }, { "contents": "Jim Eadie\n\n\nJames Eadie (born 4 February 1947) is a Scottish former professional footballer. During his career, he made over 200 appearances in the Football League in spells with Cardiff City, Chester and Bristol Rovers. Eadie began his career at Rangers but never made a first team appearance for the club, moving to Dumbarton where he played a handful of matches before joining Kirkintilloch Rob Roy. It wasn't until he moved south to play in The Football League that he began to play regular football. He signed for Cardiff City in 1969", "id": "15683889" }, { "contents": "Andrew McAtee\n\n\nconscripted in 1917 and served in Italy. On returning to Scotland McAtee resumed his successful football career with Celtic, participating in two further league title-winning seasons for a total of six. He also featured in a further Scottish Cup victory in 1923, twelve years after his first in 1911, and won four Glasgow Cups, scoring the winning goal against Clyde in the 1920-21 final. He made one appearance for Scotland in 1913 versus Wales but was selected more frequently for the Scottish League XI, playing in seven games", "id": "872940" }, { "contents": "Bobby Russell (footballer, born 1957)\n\n\nRobert Russell (born 11 February 1957 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Russell joined Rangers from Shettleston Juniors in 1977 and made his first team debut against Aberdeen on 13 August that year, aged only 20. The game ended in a 3–1 defeat, however Rangers went on to win the treble that season and Russell cemented his place on the right side of the midfield. He made 370 appearances for the club and won a league championship, two Scottish Cups", "id": "82295" }, { "contents": "Aaron Ramsey\n\n\nMifsud. On 26 April, he scored his first league goal in a 3–3 draw against Burnley. He went on to make his first career league start three weeks later in a 3–1 win over Queens Park Rangers and began to establish himself in the first team, making several more starts in the Cardiff side. He made a total of 22 appearances during the season, his first full season of professional football, and played in five of the club's six FA Cup matches, including the final, becoming the second youngest player", "id": "12732777" }, { "contents": "Daniel Bruce (footballer)\n\n\nCup Final against Queen's Park. The final as scheduled finished as a 1–1 draw; in the replay, Bruce opened the scoring for Vale of Leven but Queen's came back to win 2–1. Soon afterwards, and while still a teenager, Bruce was capped for Scotland. His first and what turned out to be only international appearance came on 22 March 1890 against Wales in the British Home Championship; Scotland won 5–0. He moved to Rangers in 1891 and played four games in the Scottish Football League at the start of", "id": "4264595" }, { "contents": "Joe Hutton (footballer)\n\n\nJoseph \"Joe\" Hutton (18 November 1927 – April 1999) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Gillingham, Millwall, Reading and Stoke City. Hutton was born in Dundee and began his career in England with Reading. He only made eight appearances for the \"Royals\" before going back to Scotland to play for Ayr United. He and Ayr team-mate Bobby Cairns joined Stoke City in 1953. Hutton made an instant impact at the Victoria Ground scoring in his first three matches for the club", "id": "8572530" }, { "contents": "Alex Venters\n\n\nAlexander Venters (9 June 1913 – 30 April 1959) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Cowdenbeath, Rangers and Scotland. Alex Venters, an inside forward, joined Rangers in November 1933 after his first club Cowdenbeath. He spent a total of 13 years at Ibrox Park, winning three Scottish league titles (1935, 1937 and 1939), two Scottish Cups (1935, 1936) and scoring 102 goals in 201 appearances. 18 of these 102 goals came against Celtic in various competitions. In the last season before", "id": "9812289" }, { "contents": "Matt Fry\n\n\nreturned to West Ham having made 32 appearances, scoring one goal, for Charlton. Fry had his contract cancelled by mutual consent with West Ham on 2 February 2012 allowing him to seek first-team football on a regular basis. On 10 February 2012, Fry joined League Two club Bradford City on a free transfer. He made his debut in a 1–1 draw at home to Port Vale on 14 February 2012, in which he played 79 minutes before being substituted. After leaving Bradford, Fry played for Concord Rangers, helping", "id": "20258156" }, { "contents": "Alex Bennett (footballer)\n\n\nand also worked as a sports journalist. He died in Glasgow in 1940. Bennett was capped eleven times for Scotland, gaining three caps while at Celtic and the remaining eight while at Rangers. He made his Scotland debut against Wales in March 1904 and scored his first international goal, again against Wales, four years later. He scored his second international goal in his final Scotland appearance, against Ireland in March 1913. He also appeared ten times in representative matches for the Scottish Football League. At the age of 39 he", "id": "7795002" }, { "contents": "Robert Campbell (footballer, born 1882)\n\n\nRobert Campbell (1882 – 13 March 1931) was a Scottish footballer who played for Partick Thistle, Rangers, Millwall Athletic and Bradford City. He was a full back who won the 1911 FA Cup with Bradford. Born in Lugar in 1882, Campbell started his football career with Partick Thistle, with whom he won a Scottish League representative honour, before moving to Rangers in 1903. He played for Rangers until 1905, making nine appearances and scoring once before he moved to England and Millwall Athletic in the Southern League. He", "id": "15446261" }, { "contents": "Matthew Dickie\n\n\nMatthew Dickie (19 August 1873 – 30 December 1959) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Rangers. Dickie made his Rangers debut against St Mirren in a 5-1 home win at Ibrox on 15 August 1896. He played 126 league matches from a possible 132 in an amazing spell during his time at the club. He went on to make 175 first class appearances in total. Dickie won four League championships, 3 Scottish Cups, 5 Glasgow Cups and represented Scotland three times.", "id": "4766083" }, { "contents": "Michael O'Halloran (footballer)\n\n\nwin over Forfar Athletic. He scored again in Saints' final home game of the season, to conclude a 3–3 draw with former club Celtic. O'Halloran won the Scottish Premiership player of the month award for November 2015. St Johnstone rejected two bids from Rangers for O'Halloran in January 2016. Manager Tommy Wright then left O'Halloran out of their following league game, saying that O'Halloran was not \"mentally ready\" to play. O'Halloran made his final appearance for the club in a 2–1 defeat to Hibernian in the Scottish League Cup semi", "id": "9744181" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Millar (footballer, born 1870)\n\n\ntwo different spells: 1890–96 (winning three Football League championships in four seasons) and 1900–04 (claiming a fourth title), separated by a stint in his homeland at Rangers where he won two Scottish Football League titles and two Scottish Cups. Overall he made 260 appearances for Sunderland, scoring 123 goals. At the time of his death he was the trainer for Chelsea. Millar was capped for Scotland three times between 1897 and 1898 during his time with Rangers, scoring twice, both in matches against England; his first was", "id": "14464136" }, { "contents": "Joe Hendry\n\n\nJoe Hendry was a Scottish football player. Hendry played for Rangers, Greenock Morton and St Johnstone amongst other clubs during his career. Hendry began playing football with Maryhill FC. He joined Greenock Morton in 1907 and stayed there for two years before signing for Rangers. Hendry made his debut in a 1–0 win at home on 23 April 1910 against Clyde and during his eight-year spell with the club Hendry made 147 appearances and scored 7 goals. After leaving Rangers he had spells with Dumbarton, Third Lanark, St Johnstone and", "id": "17804993" }, { "contents": "Gordon Rae\n\n\nGordon Rae (born 3 May 1958) is a retired Scottish footballer, who played mainly as a defender for Hibernian, Partick Thistle, Hamilton Academical and Meadowbank Thistle. He also played sometimes as a centre forward, scoring over 50 goals in the Scottish Football League in his career. Rae signed for Hibernian as a 17-year-old from Whitehill Welfare in 1975. He made his first team debut two years later, and scored in a 2–0 win against Rangers at Ibrox in his second appearance. He became club captain, appeared", "id": "6510043" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Johnstone\n\n\narrival at Celtic, Stein had doubts about Johnstone, considering him too much of an individual player, to the overall detriment of the team, and he left him out of the team for the 1965 Scottish Cup Final. Johnstone soon won Stein round with his skill, and won his first winner's medal on 23 October 1965 when he played in Celtic's 2–1 win over Rangers in the Scottish League Cup Final. His 32 league appearances and nine goals that season helped Celtic win their first league title in 12 years. Johnstone", "id": "811424" }, { "contents": "Eddie Rutherford\n\n\nEdward 'Eddie' Rutherford (8 February 1921 – 29 August 2007) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers, Hearts and Scotland. Born in Govan, Scotland, Rutherford joined Rangers from Mossvale in 1941 but during the Second World War he was posted to England so he guested for Lincoln City and Bradford City. He played three games for Bradford in 1944–45 in the Football League War Cup North section. After he had completed his service, Rutherford returned to Rangers and made his first appearance for the club on 19 October", "id": "14506034" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\n1954 Cox played his last match for Scotland, as he captained the team at Hampden in a 4–2 defeat by England in front on 134,544 spectators. 1954–55 was Cox's last season at Rangers as he made only 15 first-team appearances. He made his final Rangers appearance in a 2–1 defeat to Aberdeen on 19 February 1955. Cox made a total of 370 appearances for Rangers, won 25 caps for Scotland and 13 caps for the Scottish League XI. After his Rangers career, Cox had a spell with East Fife before", "id": "14907543" }, { "contents": "Gary Warren (footballer)\n\n\ngame of the season, Warren made his debut in a 2–2 draw against St Mirren. Two-months later on 22 December 2012, he scored his first goal for Inverness in a 4–1 win over Dundee. In the quarter-final of the Scottish League Cup, he scored his second goal for Inverness in a 3–0 win over Rangers, helping the club to reach the semi-final. In the first part of the season, Warren and his teammates struggled as the club found themselves near the foot of the table,", "id": "16107731" }, { "contents": "Ronnie McKinnon\n\n\nRonald McKinnon (born 20 August 1940 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who played for Rangers and the Scotland national team. MacKinnon, a defender, made his Rangers debut against Hearts on 8 March 1961 in a 3–0 win at Ibrox. He went on to make 473 appearances for Rangers between 1961 and 1972, winning two League championships, four Scottish Cups, three League Cups and a Cup Winners' Cup. He also won a total of 28 caps for Scotland, making his debut in the famous 1", "id": "19851592" }, { "contents": "James Marshall (footballer, born 1908)\n\n\nDr James Marshall (3 January 1908 — 27 December 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for both Rangers and Arsenal as well as the Scotland national side. He played as an inside forward. Marshall was born in Avonbridge, Stirlingshire and joined Rangers from Shettleston in 1925. During his nine-year spell at Ibrox he amassed five League championships and three Scottish Cups. He also won three Scotland caps, all of them against England between 1932 and 1934. In total he scored 138 goals in 257 league appearances for Rangers", "id": "4895243" }, { "contents": "Thomas Murray (footballer)\n\n\nThomas Murray (7 April 1889 – 1976) was an English professional footballer who played as a inside right. Born in Middlesbrough, Murray spent his early career with Middlesbrough, Aberdeen, Rangers and Heart of Midlothian. At Hearts he scored 12 goals in 28 league games between August 1911 and April 1912. He joined Bradford City in June 1912. He made 6 league appearances for Bradford City, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in February 1914 to join Hull City. For Hull he made a further 2 league appearances", "id": "5167081" }, { "contents": "Ernie Thompson (footballer, born 1909)\n\n\n, scoring once in a 2–2 draw; his only other appearance came a week later in a 1–0 home win over Crewe Alexandra. At the end of the season, Thompson joined Second Division Bristol City, but never made a first-team appearance, instead spending his single season with the club playing in the reserves in both the Western Section of the Southern Football League and the Western Football League First Division. He left before the end of the 1929–30 season in February 1930 to join Bath City, playing for them in the", "id": "16156938" }, { "contents": "Alan Morton\n\n\n\"\" (insurance salesman). Morton had already been capped while an amateur before joining Rangers (making his debut for Scotland on 26 February 1920 against Wales) but would go on to play in every international against the \"Auld Enemy\", England, from 1920 to 1932 bar the fixture at Old Trafford in 1926, eventually winning 31 caps. In addition he made 15 appearances (scoring 1 goal) for the Scottish League XI (making his debut on 22 February 1919 against the Football League at St. Andrews, Birmingham", "id": "6451273" }, { "contents": "Dan Thomson\n\n\nDaniel Thomson (born 10 August 1891 in Dundee) was a Scottish professional footballer. Thomson began his career with Aberdeen before moving on to St Johnstone from where he joined Bristol City in the 1925-26 season. He spent the following season with Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic before joining Torquay United in 1927. He played in United's first match in the Football League, a 1-1 draw with local rivals Exeter City at Plainmoor on 27 August 1927. He played in the next eight games for Torquay before losing his place", "id": "2040384" }, { "contents": "Jack Smith (footballer, born 1895)\n\n\nwinning the Scottish Cup in 1920, including scoring the third goal for Kilmarnock in the final when they defeated his former team, Albion Rovers, 3–2. Following a disagreement with Kilmarnock, Smith joined Cowdenbeath, where during 1921–22, he netted 45 goals as they finished runners-up in Division Two. At the season's end he joined Rangers for £3,000, making his debut at Ibrox Park on 15 August 1922, scoring in a 2–0 victory over Alloa Athletic. He only made two further appearances for Rangers, scoring once", "id": "17284045" }, { "contents": "Peter Thomson (footballer)\n\n\nIn two seasons at Kenilworth Road he made 11 League appearances, scoring 3 goals. Scoring twice against Stoke City in a memorable 3-1 away win. He also played two League games whilst on loan at Rushden & Diamonds, scoring once on his debut. He had a brief spell with Morecambe, scoring against Dagenham & Redbridge on his home debut with an overhead kick. Thomson joined Southport in July 2002. He returned to Lancaster City in December 2003 and enjoyed further success with Stafford Rangers in the summer of 2005.", "id": "8805355" }, { "contents": "John McPherson (footballer, born 1868)\n\n\nMcPherson also won three Scottish Cup medals with Rangers, the first in 1894, where he scored in five of Rangers' six matches, including the 3–1 final win over Celtic at Hampden. McPherson also scored in the 1897 final, where Rangers defeated Dumbarton 5–1. His third Scottish Cup winners medal came a year later, 1898, where Rangers defeated McPherson's former club Kilmarnock 2–0. His final recorded appearance for Rangers was in a 2–0 friendly defeat to Glentoran on 2 April 1902. McPherson was also a Scottish International, winning", "id": "8242049" }, { "contents": "James Cairns (forward)\n\n\nJames Cairns (\"unknown\" – \"unknown\") was a footballer who played at inside right for several English clubs, including Lincoln City and Newton Heath in the late 1890s. Cairns began his football career with Stevenston Thistle in 1895, before moving to Glossop North End. In September 1897, he joined Football League side Lincoln City, but before he made an appearance for the club, he had moved on to Newton Heath in April 1898. It took Cairns six months to make his debut for the Heathens, eventually", "id": "22214514" }, { "contents": "Andy Neil\n\n\nAndrew Neil (18 November 1892 – 14 August 1941) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 328 Football League appearances playing as an inside forward or wing half for Brighton & Hove Albion (two spells), Arsenal and Queens Park Rangers. Neil was born in Crosshouse, near Kilmarnock in Ayrshire. He joined Kilmarnock of Division One from junior club Ardeer Thistle, and made his debut on 12 April 1913 away to Motherwell. He played regularly in his second season, and in 1914–15, his 20 goals placed him sixth in", "id": "2233011" }, { "contents": "Ernest Myers (footballer)\n\n\nErnest Myers, also known as Colin Myers, was an English professional footballer who played as an inside left. Born in Chapeltown, Sheffield, Myers spent his early career with Northfleet, Crystal Palace and Hickleton Main Colliery. He joined Bradford City in April 1914, and made 1 league appearance for the club, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in May 1920 to join Southend United, where he scored 2 goals in 23 league games. He later played for Aberdare Athletic, Northampton Town, Queens Park Rangers, Exeter", "id": "5167086" }, { "contents": "Billy Bennett (footballer, born 1955)\n\n\nthen over a year before Bennett made another senior appearance, when he again scored in a 3–0 Hearts win over Berwick Rangers in the final of the East of Scotland Shield. He made his league debut for Hearts on 16 November 1974 in the 1–3 defeat away at Arbroath. Bennett left Hearts in the summer of 1976 to sign for Third Division outfit Berwick Rangers. In two seasons with The Borderers, he played 69 league matches and scored 8 goals. At the start of the 1978–79 season, Bennett joined Forfar Athletic. He", "id": "17097673" }, { "contents": "Jerome Thomas\n\n\nhe scored a goal in the final over Blackburn Rovers. He was loaned out to Second Division side Queens Park Rangers in the 2001–02 and 2002–03 seasons. He made his debut in the Football League on 30 March 2002, in a 3–2 win over Tranmere Rovers at Prenton Park. He scored his first professional goal on 6 April, the only goal of the game against Swindon Town at the County Ground in a 1–0 win for QPR. During his second loan spell in October 2002, he scored long distance goals away at Cheltenham", "id": "9097657" }, { "contents": "Willie Reid (footballer)\n\n\nEngland with Portsmouth. Reid returned to Scotland in April 1909 when signed by Rangers, where he won three league titles in eleven seasons. He was the club's top scorer for six consecutive seasons, between 1910 and 1916. He received all his caps for Scottish national side while with Rangers. Reid made his Scotland debut in a 2–2 draw with Wales in 1911 and earned his last cap three years later, against England. Reid also represented the Scottish League XI. His football career was interrupted by the First World War,", "id": "15187335" }, { "contents": "Stephen McGinn\n\n\nRangers, where St Mirren won 1–0, the team's first home league win over Rangers in 22 years. McGinn started the 2009–10 season on bench in the Scottish League Cup game but then went on to score on his first start of the season in a 2–1 loss to Hibernian on 15 August 2009. He continued his season with a brace against Kilmarnock at Rugby Park, where The Buddies came from behind to win 2–1. McGinn signed for Watford in January 2010, for an undisclosed fee. He made his first Watford appearance", "id": "14258787" }, { "contents": "Anthony Ralston\n\n\nAnthony Ralston (born 16 November 1998) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Celtic. He also spent several months on loan at Queens Park in 2015 and at Dundee United in 2018. Ralston made his debut for the Celtic first team on 11 May 2016, in a 2–1 defeat against St Johnstone. He scored his first goal for Celtic in a 5–0 Scottish League Cup win over Kilmarnock on 8 August 2017. He made some further appearances early in the 2017–18 season, including a Champions League match against Paris Saint-", "id": "17673352" }, { "contents": "Sam Gallacher\n\n\nSamuel Gallacher (born 23 December 1904) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a centre half. Born in Annbank, Gallacher played for Larkfield Juniors and Cadzow St. Anne's in his native Scotland, before moving to England to join Bradford City in May 1924. For Bradford City he made 40 appearances in the Football League, scoring 2 goals. He left the club in August 1927 to join Crystal Palace. He later played for Lincoln City, making 13 appearances in the Football League as well as one FA Cup appearance", "id": "4883696" }, { "contents": "Julien Rodriguez\n\n\nJulien Rodriguez (born 11 June 1978 in Béziers, France) is a French former professional footballer who played as a defender. Rodriguez started his career at AS Monaco, making 135 appearances for the club and helping them to reach the 2004 Champions League final. He joined Scottish Premier League club Rangers in August 2005 for £1m. He scored his first goal for Rangers on 11 March 2006 in Rangers' 4–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Ibrox Stadium and made a total of 30 appearances in his debut season with the club.", "id": "11830556" }, { "contents": "Mark Williams (Scottish footballer)\n\n\n-year contract by his former St Mirren manager Danny Lennon. Nine days later he made his debut, playing the full 90 minutes as they won 1–0 at Highland League team Brora Rangers in the first round of the Scottish Challenge Cup. On 8 August he played his first league game, a 3–1 loss away to Queen of the South. In February 2016, he moved on loan to Arbroath in Scottish League Two; on 12 March he scored his first career goal to conclude a 3–0 win over East Stirlingshire at Gayfield Park", "id": "15479008" }, { "contents": "Jack Blackman (English footballer)\n\n\nJohn James Blackman (25 November 1912 – 1987) was an English retired professional footballer who played in the Football League for Crystal Palace and Queens Park Rangers as a forward. He also played non-league football for Guildford City. Blackman began his career at Queens Park Rangers and in October 1935, signed for Crystal Palace, then playing in the Football League Third Division South. He made a goal-scoring debut in November in a home 5–0 win against Millwall and went on to make 27 appearances that season scoring 19 times", "id": "13124108" }, { "contents": "Paul Bennett (footballer, born 1961)\n\n\nPaul Bennett (born 30 January 1961) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Port Vale. Bennett was an Everton youth team player before joining Port Vale in September 1978. He made his debut as a substitute in a 1–1 draw with Peterborough United at London Road on 1 November 1980, and three weeks later he scored his first goal in a 4–2 win over Bradford City. He went on to play 26 Fourth Division games in the 1980–81 season, and scored his first goal in the Football League", "id": "4265172" }, { "contents": "Nicol Smith\n\n\nNicol Smith (25 December 1873 – 6 January 1905) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers. Born in Darvel, Ayrshire, Smith played as a fullback for local sides Vale of Irvine, Royal Albert and Darvel, earning junior international selection, before joining Rangers in 1893. He made only two league appearances in his first season at the club, but by 1893–94, he had established himself in the Rangers team, missing just one of the 18 league fixtures. During that season he was also responsible for bringing Alex", "id": "20560230" }, { "contents": "Bill Paterson (footballer, born 1930)\n\n\nthe proceeds adding to the transfer deal. He had a relatively unsuccessful three years on Tyneside and so returned to Scotland to join Rangers for £3,500. His debut came on 13 August 1958 in a 2-1 home league win against Partick Thistle. That was the first of three appearances that he would make that entire season. Overall Paterson did go on to make 116 top team appearances for the club and won two Scottish league championships. He also claimed a Scottish Cup, a Scottish League Cup, a Charity Cup winners", "id": "14236809" }, { "contents": "David McClure (footballer)\n\n\nDavid McClure was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a right-back who had spells in Scotland, Ireland and England. He was born in Slamannan, Stirlingshire, but began his footballing career in Ireland with Glenavon. McClure then returned to Scotland to play Junior league football with Dunipace, before joining Scottish Football League club St Johnstone in 1924. In June 1927, he was signed by Football League Third Division North club Nelson and made his debut for the club on 24 September 1927 in the 2–1 win against Durham City.", "id": "19923020" }, { "contents": "Arthur Adey\n\n\nArthur Lewis Adey (1 March 1930 - January 1994) was a Scottish professional association football player of the 1950s. Born in Glasgow, he was a centre forward and began his professional career with Doncaster Rovers and later played for Gillingham and Bradford Park Avenue. He made 68 appearances in The Football League and scored 15 goals. He signed for Doncaster Rovers in September 1950, following his move from Bishop Auckland and made his professional debut in Division Two on 14 April 1951 against Queens Park Rangers. In 1954, after three more", "id": "17203075" }, { "contents": "Billy Hogg\n\n\nWilliam Hogg (29 May 1879 – 30 January 1937) was an English footballer who played at outside right, winning the Football League championship with Sunderland in 1901–02, before moving to Scotland where he won the Scottish League title three times with Rangers. He also made three appearances for England in 1902. Hogg was born in Sunderland and was playing local football with Willington Athletic when he was spotted by Sunderland where he became a professional in October 1899. He made his debut on 2 December 1899, scoring in a 5–0 victory over", "id": "13514822" }, { "contents": "John Ballantyne (footballer)\n\n\nJohn Ballantyne (30 June 1892 – after 1917) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 20 appearances in the Football League playing for Birmingham and played for Scottish Football League clubs Kilmarnock, Vale of Leven and Rangers. He played as an outside right. Ballantyne was born in Riccarton, Ayrshire. He played for Kilmarnock and Vale of Leven before coming to England to join Football League Second Division club Birmingham in April 1913. He made his debut on 26 April 1913, the last day of the 1912–13 season, in a 2–1", "id": "2299260" }, { "contents": "Liam Burt\n\n\nLiam Burt (born 1 February 1999) is a Scottish footballer who last played for Rangers, as a midfielder. He made his first team debut for Rangers in March 2016, and has also played on loan for Dumbarton and Alloa Athletic. Burt has represented Scotland at various youth levels up to under-21 level. Burt played youth football for Celtic before being released and subsequently joining the Rangers Academy. He made his professional debut for the club aged seventeen during a Scottish Championship match against Raith Rovers on 1 March 2016. A few", "id": "3837470" }, { "contents": "James Hamilton (footballer, born 1901)\n\n\nJames Hamilton (16 June 1901 – 1975) was a Scottish footballer who played for Vale of Clyde, St Mirren, Rangers, Blackpool, Barrow, Armadale and Scotland. He was a full-back. Bargeddie-born Hamilton made his debut for Harry Evans' Blackpool at home to Bristol City on 15 September 1928, six games into their 1928–29 Football League campaign. He made a further 24 League appearances that season as \"the Tangerines\" finished eighth in Division Two. He started the first three League games of the", "id": "1708146" }, { "contents": "John Campbell (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\nJohn William Campbell (2 October 1877 – 20 January 1919) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Linthouse, Partick Thistle, Blackburn Rovers, Rangers, West Ham United, Hibernian and the Scotland national team. He was born in Glasgow and gained the most success in his career with Rangers with whom he won four successive league titles (1898–99, 1899–00, 1900–01 and 1901–02) the first of which Rangers won all 18 of their Scottish league matches. He also represented Scotland at international level, winning four caps and scoring", "id": "13889025" }, { "contents": "Matt Hill (footballer)\n\n\nMatthew Clayton Hill (born 26 March 1981) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for Bradford Park Avenue. Born in Bristol, Hill started his career with Bristol City where he made over 200 appearances. He subsequently joined Preston North End where he also spent a successful spell, playing over 100 times for the Lancashire club. A move to Wolverhampton Wanderers followed but first team opportunities were more limited and he was loaned to Queens Park Rangers before leaving to join Barnsley. After only one season at the South Yorkshire club", "id": "15275700" }, { "contents": "Dennis O'Donnell\n\n\nDennis O'Donnell (q1 1880 – after 1908) was an English professional footballer who scored 41 goals from 167 appearances in the Football League playing as a forward for Lincoln City, Sunderland, Notts County and Bradford Park Avenue. He also played in the Southern League for Queens Park Rangers. O'Donnell was born in Willington Quay, then in Northumberland. He made his debut for Lincoln City on 5 October 1901 in a 2–1 win at home to Middlesbrough in the Football League Second Division, and played for the club until the end of", "id": "1332551" }, { "contents": "William McLachlan (footballer)\n\n\nWilliam McLachlan (born 19 March 1989) is a Scottish footballer currently playing for Irvine Meadow in the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region. He has previously played in the Scottish Football League First Division for Airdrie United and for Australian club Melbourne Knights in the Victorian Premier League. McLachlan began his career with Rangers and appeared for the Scotland U-16 team in a Victory Shield match against Northern Ireland in October 2004. In December 2008, he joined Airdrie United on loan. He made his debut against St Johnstone on 20 December.", "id": "18351658" }, { "contents": "Bruno Andrade (footballer, born 1993)\n\n\njoined Lincoln City for the 2018-19 League Two season for a free transfer on the 24th May 2018. Born in Portugal, Andrade joined the Queens Park Rangers academy at the age of 13. He made his debut for Queens Park Rangers against Preston North End on 20 November 2010. He then made his second appearance for the club against Blackburn Rovers in the FA Cup. He replaced Jamie Mackie who had broken his leg. He made a further two first-team appearances at the beginning of the 2011–12 season, including", "id": "14654306" }, { "contents": "John Walker (footballer, born 1873)\n\n\nscored the winning goal against West Bromwich Albion on the final day of the season to secure the title. Walker played another 18 times for Liverpool in 1901–02 before returning to Scotland to join Rangers, who had just won a fourth successive domestic title but were also facing financial troubles due to the reconstruction work required on their stadium after the recent 1902 Ibrox disaster. He scored at a rate of nearly a goal every two league games over his three seasons with the Glasgow club, and appeared in two further Scottish Cup finals. In", "id": "15474189" }, { "contents": "Charles Dennington\n\n\nCharles Dennington (born 7 October 1899, died 1943) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Beccles, Dennington played for Norwich City, Bradford City and Kirkley. He joined Norwich from his home town club, Beccles Town, and made his debut in a 1-1 draw against Queens Park Rangers in the Third Division (South) in August 1922, establishing himself as the Canaries' first choice ahead of William O'Hagen and Ernest Williamson. He missed just twenty League games over the next five", "id": "8086327" }, { "contents": "Davy McDougall\n\n\nside of 1899–00. He was also with Rangers without apparently making a first team appearance. In summer 1900 he joined Southern League Bristol City from Partick Thistle making his debut at outside left in a 0–2 defeat at Luton Town on 15 September 1900. He made 11 appearances scoring 2 goals playing on both right and left wings in season 1900–01 when Bristol City were runners up in the Southern League. He also played on both wings in 12 Western League games scoring 2 goals. He rejoined Rangers in the summer of 1901 making 4", "id": "20661422" }, { "contents": "Gordon Smith (footballer, born December 1954)\n\n\n. He was sold to Rangers in 1977 for £65,000. In his first season with Rangers, Smith won the domestic treble, scoring 27 goals from midfield. He also scored the winning goal in the 1978 Scottish League Cup Final, against Celtic. He was sold to Brighton & Hove Albion in 1980 for a record transfer fee of £440,000. He returned to Rangers on loan in December 1982, playing in the 1982 League Cup Final defeat by Celtic. Smith made three appearances during his loan spell, without scoring.", "id": "8508165" }, { "contents": "George Stewart (footballer, born 1932)\n\n\nGeorge Stewart (16 November 1932 – 22 May 1998) was a Scottish footballer, who played as a goalkeeper for Petershill Juniors, Raith Rovers, Stirling Albion, Montrose and Bradford City. Born in Larkhall in 1932, Stewart started his career with junior side Petershill. He was capped by the Scotland junior select team while with the club. He joined the senior game when he signed for Raith Rovers in 1952. He made 68 appearances in the Scottish Football League for three clubs in seven seasons, before moving to England to", "id": "22044872" }, { "contents": "Tommy Anderson (footballer)\n\n\nfor a fee of £1,000, but in November the same year he moved to Queen's Park Rangers. He had only played five league games for Bournemouth, scoring once. He went on to score 3 times in 10 league games for Rangers in the 1958–59 season. He moved again in July 1959, signing for Torquay United. He made his debut on 22 August 1959, the first day of the 1959–60 season, in a 2–1 home win against Doncaster Rovers. In his season with Torquay he played in nine league", "id": "2845776" }, { "contents": "Richard Edghill\n\n\nof Sun Jihai served to further limit Richard's opportunities at the club and he was released at the end of the 2001–02 promotion winning campaign, having made a total of 207 appearances for the club in nine years. Following his release Edghill had short unsuccessful spells with Wigan Athletic and Sheffield United before joining Queens Park Rangers in August 2003. In the 2005 close season Edghill joined Bradford City on a free transfer. At Bradford he scored twice; against Tranmere Rovers in the league and Barnsley in the FA Cup. He was one", "id": "9473165" }, { "contents": "John Blackwood (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\n, who then sold him to Football League Second Division club Woolwich Arsenal. After joining Woolwich Arsenal in May 1900, Blackwood scored on his debut, in a 2–1 win over Gainsborough Trinity on the opening day of the 1900–01 season. This was to be his only season with the club; he scored six goals in 17 league appearances. He also scored during his one appearance in the FA Cup, against Darwen on 5 January 1901. He left for Reading in May 1901. In November 1902, Blackwood joined Queens Park Rangers", "id": "4952881" }, { "contents": "David Amoo\n\n\nRobinson's first-team however, and made just two further substitute appeareances at Stadium MK before returning to Anfield on 23 February. On 28 February, he joined Championship side Hull City on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. He made his \"Tigers\" debut coming on as a replacement for Jay Simpson in a 1–0 win at Nottingham Forest on 5 March. He scored his first goal in senior football in a 1–1 draw at Queens Park Rangers on 25 April. Unable to break into Nigel Pearson's first-", "id": "5142268" }, { "contents": "Chris Brandon\n\n\nin Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, on 7 April 1976. He attended Yorkshire Martyrs Collegiate School in Bradford and supported the city's Football League team Bradford City. Brandon started his football career as a trainee for Bradford City, but he was dropped by their academy and joined non-league side Bradford Park Avenue. He later played for Farsley Celtic before joining Stafford Rangers. He played 32 times for Rangers over two seasons before returning to play for Bradford Park Avenue. In his two spells with Park Avenue, Brandon played", "id": "14931377" }, { "contents": "Sam Charnley\n\n\nSamuel \"Sam\" Charnley (18 November 1902 – 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for Wolverhampton Wanderers in the Football League. Born in Craigneuk, a suburb of Wishaw, North Lanarkshire, Charnley played for Burnbank Athletic before joining Wolverhampton Wanderers of the Football League Second Division in January 1925. He made his debut on 12 September 1925 in a 4–1 win against Portsmouth. After making 55 appearances in total, scoring once, he joined Midland League team York City in August 1928. He captained York in the 1928–29 season", "id": "10736957" }, { "contents": "Sébastien Faure (footballer)\n\n\n. Faure joined Rangers on a three-year deal pending international clearance on 21 August 2012. After the move, Faure says he joined Rangers because Manager Ally McCoist persuaded him to join. He made his debut against First Division side Falkirk in the Scottish League Cup on 30 August 2012. It was on 23 February 2013, when Faure scored his first ever senior goal. This came whilst playing Third Division Berwick Rangers and it contributed to a 3–1 win away from home. Faure had his first run out of the season in", "id": "5596733" }, { "contents": "Dave MacFarlane\n\n\nDave MacFarlane (16 January 1967 – 30 October 2013) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Kilmarnock. MacFarlane began his career with Ayr United Boys Club before joining Rangers. Whilst at Ibrox he made seven league appearances and picked up a winner's medal in October 1986 when he came on as a second-half substitute in Rangers 2-1 win over Celtic in the Scottish League Cup Final. MacFarlane also had loan spells with Kilmarnock and Dundee, before joining the former on a permanent", "id": "7049582" }, { "contents": "Rocco Quinn\n\n\nAugust 2009. His league debut was the 1–1 home draw a week later against Raith Rovers. He scored league goals that season in games against Ayr United, Partick Thistle and a double against Greenock Morton. The Palmerston Park side ended the season in fifth place. He also played on 23 September 2009 in the 2–1 home League Cup defeat against Rangers. In total Quinn made 35 competitive first team appearances in his first season. The QoS website confirmed on 18 June 2011 that Quinn had left and signed for Ross County. In", "id": "16760979" }, { "contents": "Tommy Kelso\n\n\nTommy Kelso (6 May 1882-29 January 1974) was a Scottish footballer who played as a full back for Manchester City between 1906 and 1911. Kelso started his career at Third Lanark before signing for Manchester City in 1906. He made his debut for Manchester City in September 1906 in a 4-1 defeat against Arsenal. He made 139 league appearances for Manchester City and scored 3 goals. He subsequently returned to Scotland and played for Dundee, Rangers and Dumbarton. He won one Scotland cap in 1914 in a 0", "id": "5742448" }, { "contents": "Luke Freeman\n\n\nLeague Trophy and League One titles during his first season with the team. He spent two-and-a-half years at Bristol City before joining Queens Park Rangers in January 2017. Freeman began his career at Charlton Athletic, joining the club's academy in 2001 after being scouted playing Sunday league youth football. He spent two years at Charlton before being released \"for being too small\". Following his release from Charlton, Freeman joined Gillingham at the age of 11. He made his first-team debut for Gillingham", "id": "8315727" }, { "contents": "David Provan (footballer, born 1941)\n\n\nDavid Provan (11 March 1941 – 26 November 2016) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for Rangers, Crystal Palace, Plymouth Argyle and St Mirren. Provan also played for Scotland and the Scottish League XI. Provan was a product of the Rangers youth team and played as a full back. He made his debut on 27 December 1958, in a league match away to Third Lanark which Rangers won 3-2. He helped the club win a domestic treble in 1963–4 and played in the 1967 European Cup Winners", "id": "926204" }, { "contents": "Neil Danns\n\n\ndeal. He had rejected an offer from Scottish Premier League club Rangers. Danns made his Leicester City debut, where he started the whole game, in a 1–0 win over Coventry City in the opening game of the season. He scored his first goal for Leicester City on 23 August 2011 in a 4–2 away win against Bury in the League Cup. Danns soon became a first team regular for the side at the start of the season, finding himself rotated. He scored his first league goal for the club against Blackpool in", "id": "141524" }, { "contents": "Billy Blunt\n\n\nWilliam Blunt (5 August 1886 – 1962) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Wolverhampton Wanderers and Bristol Rovers. Blunt joined Second Division Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1908 from nearby non-league side Stafford Rangers. He made his Football League debut on 28 November 1908 in a 1–2 defeat at Oldham Athletic. He scored two in his second appearance (against Clapton Orient) and ended the season with 8 goals. The 1909–10 campaign saw him score 27 goals, making him the club's top goalscorer for the season", "id": "5433307" }, { "contents": "Gordon Ashcroft\n\n\nGordon Aschroft (7 September 1902 – after 1930) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Lea, Lancashire, he played for Coppull Central before joining Football League First Division side Burnley in November 1925. He made his debut for the club on 7 December 1925 in the 3–1 win against Birmingham at Turf Moor. Ashcroft failed to make another first-team appearance for Burnley and was released at the end of the 1926–27 season. In August 1927 he signed for Burscough Rangers, and then played for", "id": "5652868" }, { "contents": "Raul Correia\n\n\ngoal for Guiseley on 16 September in a 1–1 draw away to Wrexham after guiding Will Hatfield's deflected shot from distance past goalkeeper Luke Coddington. Correia made his final appearance in a 4–0 defeat away to Tranmere Rovers on 30 December, and returned to his parent club two days later. On 11 January 2018, Correia joined National League North club York City on loan for the remainder of the season. Two days later, he made his debut by starting in a 2–1 home win against Bradford Park Avenue. He scored his first", "id": "12088537" }, { "contents": "Bobby Main\n\n\nRobert Frame Main (10 February 1909 – 30 March 1985) was a Scottish professional football player, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Main began his career at local team Baillieston Juniors and joined Rangers in 1929, initially as understudy to Sandy Archibald. He was in and out of the side for four years before becoming a regular in 1933. During his spell at the club he won two Scottish league championships, two Scottish Cups, three Glasgow Cups and two Charity Cups. He made 158 appearances for Rangers", "id": "12825737" }, { "contents": "Ian McColl\n\n\nfinal appearance for Rangers was in the 1960 Scottish Cup Final, a 2–0 win against Kilmarnock. He made a total of 526 appearances for the Glasgow club. He also won 14 caps for Scotland and represented the Scottish League XI. After his playing career, he quickly went into management. He was appointed manager of Scotland in 1960 and enjoyed a winning start, beating Northern Ireland 5–2 at Hampden Park. Under McColl's managership, Scotland won British Home Championships in 1962 and 1963. The team beat England 2–0 at Hampden and", "id": "14525157" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Sharp\n\n\nyear later, in 1905 he was snapped up by Woolwich Arsenal of the First Division and promptly became a regular in the side after making his debut against Liverpool on 2 September 1905. He missed only three league games in his first season and reached the FA Cup semi-finals twice in his first two seasons. At Arsenal Sharp also won another three Scotland caps, before Rangers prised him away in April 1908 for £400. In total he played 116 games for Arsenal, scoring 5 goals. His spell at Rangers only", "id": "17959164" }, { "contents": "Craig Beattie\n\n\nplayed a competitive game in two months he missed the game against Dundee United on 25 February as was not match fit. After scoring twice in a bounce game, he made his debut as a substitute on 3 March against Rangers in a 2–1 win at Ibrox. He scored his first goal for Hearts in a 2–2 draw with St Mirren in the Scottish Cup 6th round at Tynecaste on 10 March. He had a second goal in the same match wrongfully ruled out for offside. In just his second league appearance for the club", "id": "12813032" }, { "contents": "Vladimír Weiss (footballer, born 1989)\n\n\nsubstitute. On 19 August 2010, Weiss joined Scottish side Rangers on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. Prior to signing for Rangers, Weiss rejected a move to their city rivals Celtic. He made his Rangers debut against Hibernian at Easter Road on 22 August coming on as a substitute for James Beattie, setting up the second goal with Rangers going on to win 3–0. He scored his first goal for Rangers in a 4–1 home win against Motherwell and five days later made his Champions League debut against Valencia, providing", "id": "535578" }, { "contents": "Ralph Brand\n\n\nplayed his last match for Rangers on 23 April 1965 when he scored the only goal in a 1–0 win over Third Lanark in the final League game of the season. Brand was sold to Manchester City in August that year for £30,000. Two years later he moved to Sunderland before returning to Scottish football at Raith Rovers (managed by his friend Jimmy Millar). He retired in 1970, although he would come out of retirement to play a handful of matches for Hamilton Academical in 1971–72. Brand played for Scotland eight times", "id": "16219219" } ]

[ { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nTommy Cairns (30 October 1890 – 30 November 1967) was a Scottish footballer who played for Bristol City, Peebles Rovers, St Johnstone, Rangers, Bradford City and Scotland. Born in Merryton, Lanarkshire, Cairns made his name in Junior football, helping Burnbank Athletic to the Scottish Junior Cup in 1911. He also appeared for Larkhall Thistle before earning an opportunity in the senior leagues. His first professional club was Bristol City where he played for two seasons from 1911. He joined Peebles Rovers in 1913 and had a short", "id": "21330844" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nan ever-present and scored 11 goals. Cairns enjoyed further League title successes in 1919–20, 1920–21, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1924–25 and 1926–27 before joining Bradford City in 1927. His final Rangers appearance was in a 2–1 win over Queen's Park on 1 March 1927. In his time with Bradford he made 135 appearances and won a Division Three North medal in 1929. He retired from football in 1932 and later worked as a scout for Arsenal. Cairns was also capped at international level, making eight Scotland appearances. He", "id": "21330846" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nspell with St Johnstone before joining Rangers in November 1913. He made his debut against Hamilton Academical on 27 December 1913 and played a total of nine games in his first season as Rangers finished second to rivals Celtic in Division One. Cairns was a regular in the Rangers team the following season, missing just one league game. He continued to be a regular in the team for the next two seasons but it was in season 1917–18 that he won his first League title (Rangers' first for five years). Cairns was", "id": "21330845" }, { "contents": "Kevin Cairns (footballer)\n\n\nin September 1960, making his debut that month in a Scottish Football League match against St Johnstone. After being a first team regular in his first season, Cairns made only one appearance in 1961–62 and was given a free transfer by Dundee United in May 1962. He signed for Southport in August 1962, going on to make 206 appearances in the Football League over the next six years. He then played non-league football for Wigan Athletic, where he played four games in the Cheshire League, and made a further five", "id": "20271756" }, { "contents": "Sandy Archibald\n\n\nRangers won the League title for the first time in 5 seasons. Archibald went on to win thirteen league titles in his seventeen seasons with the Glasgow club. He also won three Scottish Cup medals, the first of which was Rangers' first in 25 years and Archibald scored twice in the final as Rangers defeated Celtic 4–0 at Hampden. His final appearance for Rangers was in a 1–1 draw away to Queen's Park on 30 April 1934. He made 580 appearances for Rangers. Archibald won a total of 8 caps for Scotland", "id": "9747370" }, { "contents": "Arthur Dixon (footballer, born 1892)\n\n\nfirst goal for the club on 8 March 1919 in a 3–0 league win against Hamilton Academical. He enjoyed a benefit match at Ibrox Park on 10 September 1923. A crowd of 10,000 watched Rangers draw 1–1 with Liverpool. The Rangers side was: Hamilton (goalkeeper), Manderson, Meiklejohn, Dixon, McCandless, Archibald, Muirhead, Morton, Hansen, Cairns. The goalscorer for Rangers was Hansen. In total he made 361 appearances (326 league and 35 Scottish Cup) for the club. He scored eight goals (", "id": "11923821" }, { "contents": "Bert Manderson\n\n\nBert Manderson (9 May 1893 – 27 April 1946) was an Irish footballer, who played for Rangers and Ireland. Manderson, a right-back, made his Rangers debut in a 1-1 draw with Aberdeen on 27 March 1915. He had joined Rangers from Glenavon for £150. He previously had spells at Cliftonville and Belfast Celtic. He went on to make 370 league appearances (452 in total) in 12 seasons with the club, winning seven Scottish league titles. Manderson left Rangers to join Bradford Park", "id": "21502381" }, { "contents": "Archie Devine\n\n\nScotland, but he never played for the national side again. He also made one appearance for the Scottish League XI in that season, in a 3–2 win against the English Football League XI. In April 1910 he moved south of the border to Bradford City, and was part of the side that won the 1911 FA Cup Final against Newcastle United. He stayed at Bradford for nearly three years before joining Woolwich Arsenal. He made his debut for Arsenal against Chelsea on 15 February 1913, and was part of the team that", "id": "20302147" }, { "contents": "James Stewart (footballer, born 1883)\n\n\nhe played in the losing side in the final against Bradford City. He made his third, and final, England appearance against Scotland on 1 April 1911 and again scored in a 1–1 draw. All three of his international appearances thus ended 1–1. He continued to be a regular member of the Newcastle side until he was sold to Rangers in 1913 for £600. In his Newcastle career he made a total of 138 appearances with 53 goals. In May 1914 he returned to his native north-east, and non-", "id": "11906121" }, { "contents": "George Waddell\n\n\nGeorge Barr Waddell (29 November 1888 – 17 September 1966) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Scottish Football League for Rangers and in the Football League in England for Bradford City, Preston North End, Oldham Athletic, Birmingham and New Brighton. He played as a wing half. Waddell was born in Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire. He began his football career in junior football before joining Rangers in 1909. He made his debut in Division One on 26 April 1909 in a 3–2 defeat to Queen's Park. Over the", "id": "656965" }, { "contents": "Andrew Shinnie\n\n\ninternational debut for Scotland in November 2012, in a 2–1 win over Luxembourg. Shinnie made his first team debut for Rangers on 17 March 2007, coming on as a substitute for Dado Pršo in a Scottish Premier League match against Aberdeen. On the same day, he scored two goals for Rangers' under-19 team against St Mirren under-19s. In April, he scored the first goal in the 5–0 win over rivals Celtic as Rangers won the 2007 Scottish Youth Cup Final. He went on to sign a new three-year professional", "id": "14751617" }, { "contents": "Bobby McKean\n\n\nRobert Munro McKean (8 December 1952 – 15 March 1978) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for St Mirren and Rangers. He appeared in one full international match for Scotland, in 1976. McKean started his career at local club Blantyre Victoria before moving to St Mirren in 1969. After five seasons in Paisley he joined Rangers for £50,000 in September 1974. He enjoyed a successful spell in Govan and won the league twice in his first two seasons. He was also part of the 1976 Scottish Cup Final winning", "id": "303577" }, { "contents": "Andy Cunningham (footballer)\n\n\n1918–19. In total, he made 389 appearances and scored 182 goals for Rangers. He won 7 League titles and played in Rangers' famous 1928 Scottish Cup final triumph where they defeated Celtic 4–0 to win their first Scottish Cup in 25 years. Cunningham was also capped at international level, playing 12 times for Scotland and scoring 5 goals. He lost just one of his 12 games for Scotland. Cunningham also represented the Scottish League XI 10 times. Cunningham moved to Newcastle United in 1928, becoming the then oldest player to", "id": "19975016" }, { "contents": "Archie Mitchell (footballer)\n\n\nthe team win the Birmingham & District League title in the 1905–06 and 1906–07 seasons. Mitchell departed Villa in 1907. On 2 May 1907, Mitchell joined Southern League First Division club Queens Park Rangers. He had a good start to his career with the Hoops, winning the 1907–08 First Division title in his debut season. A further First Division title was won in 1911–12, with the Charity Shield being lost 2–1 to Football League First Division champions Blackburn Rovers. He remained with Queens Park Rangers through to 1921 and finally made his", "id": "9272843" }, { "contents": "James Bowie (footballer)\n\n\nJames Bowie (9 July 1888 – 7 August 1972) was a Scottish football player and football administrator, who played for and was chairman of Rangers. He began his career at Maryhill Juniors and joined Rangers in December 1910 from Queen's Park. He made his debut against Falkirk on 10 December 1910. During his time at the club he won six League championships and played in a total of 351 competitive games, scoring 70 goals. Bowie won two Scotland caps in 1920, and also played in three wartime internationals in 1919", "id": "4895542" }, { "contents": "James Vaughan (footballer, born 1988)\n\n\n. He made his second debut for the club in the 1–0 defeat by Nottingham Forest on 3 August. After scoring two goals in the League Cup win over Bradford City on 6 August, he scored his first league goal on his return in the 1–1 draw with Queens Park Rangers on 10 August. On 24 August, he scored a hat-trick in a 5–1 win against A.F.C. Bournemouth. Vaughan joined fellow Championship club Birmingham City on 26 November 2015, on loan until 2 January 2016. He made his debut as a", "id": "14499593" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Smith (footballer, born 1911)\n\n\ncontinued their dominance of Scottish football. Smith also collected his first Scottish Cup medal, scoring in a 5-0 defeat of St Mirren in the final at Hampden. Success for Smith and Rangers continued. The League title was again won in 1934–35 with Smith scoring 43 goals in 38 matches, including 6 in a 7-1 defeat of Dunfermline Athletic. He also collected his second Scottish Cup medal, scoring twice in the 2-1 against Hamilton Academical in the final. Rangers went on to win two of the next", "id": "14794886" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\na 4–2 win over Motherwell at the start of the 1946–47 season. He made a total of 13 league appearances in his first season, including a 4–1 win over Hamilton Academical in the last match, as Rangers beat Hibernian to clinch the League title. In the following season, 1947–48, Cox was an ever present as Rangers finished second to Hibs in the league, and won the Scottish Cup after a 1–0 win over Greenock Morton. Cox also netted his first Rangers goal during the season, scoring in a 2–1 win over", "id": "14907540" }, { "contents": "Andrew Little (footballer)\n\n\nas making one appearance for the \"B\" team, he won his first senior cap in March 2009, and appeared nine times in total. A former Ballinamallard United player, he moved from Northern Ireland to Scotland in 2006 to join the Rangers Academy. He scored for the \"Gers\" in the club's Scottish Youth Cup final victory over Old Firm rival's Celtic at Hampden Park in 2008. That season he also helped the club to top the SPFL Development League. He made his senior debut as a substitute for", "id": "5532587" }, { "contents": "Jim Eadie\n\n\nJames Eadie (born 4 February 1947) is a Scottish former professional footballer. During his career, he made over 200 appearances in the Football League in spells with Cardiff City, Chester and Bristol Rovers. Eadie began his career at Rangers but never made a first team appearance for the club, moving to Dumbarton where he played a handful of matches before joining Kirkintilloch Rob Roy. It wasn't until he moved south to play in The Football League that he began to play regular football. He signed for Cardiff City in 1969", "id": "15683889" }, { "contents": "Andrew McAtee\n\n\nconscripted in 1917 and served in Italy. On returning to Scotland McAtee resumed his successful football career with Celtic, participating in two further league title-winning seasons for a total of six. He also featured in a further Scottish Cup victory in 1923, twelve years after his first in 1911, and won four Glasgow Cups, scoring the winning goal against Clyde in the 1920-21 final. He made one appearance for Scotland in 1913 versus Wales but was selected more frequently for the Scottish League XI, playing in seven games", "id": "872940" }, { "contents": "Bobby Russell (footballer, born 1957)\n\n\nRobert Russell (born 11 February 1957 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Russell joined Rangers from Shettleston Juniors in 1977 and made his first team debut against Aberdeen on 13 August that year, aged only 20. The game ended in a 3–1 defeat, however Rangers went on to win the treble that season and Russell cemented his place on the right side of the midfield. He made 370 appearances for the club and won a league championship, two Scottish Cups", "id": "82295" }, { "contents": "Aaron Ramsey\n\n\nMifsud. On 26 April, he scored his first league goal in a 3–3 draw against Burnley. He went on to make his first career league start three weeks later in a 3–1 win over Queens Park Rangers and began to establish himself in the first team, making several more starts in the Cardiff side. He made a total of 22 appearances during the season, his first full season of professional football, and played in five of the club's six FA Cup matches, including the final, becoming the second youngest player", "id": "12732777" }, { "contents": "Daniel Bruce (footballer)\n\n\nCup Final against Queen's Park. The final as scheduled finished as a 1–1 draw; in the replay, Bruce opened the scoring for Vale of Leven but Queen's came back to win 2–1. Soon afterwards, and while still a teenager, Bruce was capped for Scotland. His first and what turned out to be only international appearance came on 22 March 1890 against Wales in the British Home Championship; Scotland won 5–0. He moved to Rangers in 1891 and played four games in the Scottish Football League at the start of", "id": "4264595" }, { "contents": "Joe Hutton (footballer)\n\n\nJoseph \"Joe\" Hutton (18 November 1927 – April 1999) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Gillingham, Millwall, Reading and Stoke City. Hutton was born in Dundee and began his career in England with Reading. He only made eight appearances for the \"Royals\" before going back to Scotland to play for Ayr United. He and Ayr team-mate Bobby Cairns joined Stoke City in 1953. Hutton made an instant impact at the Victoria Ground scoring in his first three matches for the club", "id": "8572530" }, { "contents": "Alex Venters\n\n\nAlexander Venters (9 June 1913 – 30 April 1959) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Cowdenbeath, Rangers and Scotland. Alex Venters, an inside forward, joined Rangers in November 1933 after his first club Cowdenbeath. He spent a total of 13 years at Ibrox Park, winning three Scottish league titles (1935, 1937 and 1939), two Scottish Cups (1935, 1936) and scoring 102 goals in 201 appearances. 18 of these 102 goals came against Celtic in various competitions. In the last season before", "id": "9812289" }, { "contents": "Matt Fry\n\n\nreturned to West Ham having made 32 appearances, scoring one goal, for Charlton. Fry had his contract cancelled by mutual consent with West Ham on 2 February 2012 allowing him to seek first-team football on a regular basis. On 10 February 2012, Fry joined League Two club Bradford City on a free transfer. He made his debut in a 1–1 draw at home to Port Vale on 14 February 2012, in which he played 79 minutes before being substituted. After leaving Bradford, Fry played for Concord Rangers, helping", "id": "20258156" }, { "contents": "Alex Bennett (footballer)\n\n\nand also worked as a sports journalist. He died in Glasgow in 1940. Bennett was capped eleven times for Scotland, gaining three caps while at Celtic and the remaining eight while at Rangers. He made his Scotland debut against Wales in March 1904 and scored his first international goal, again against Wales, four years later. He scored his second international goal in his final Scotland appearance, against Ireland in March 1913. He also appeared ten times in representative matches for the Scottish Football League. At the age of 39 he", "id": "7795002" }, { "contents": "Robert Campbell (footballer, born 1882)\n\n\nRobert Campbell (1882 – 13 March 1931) was a Scottish footballer who played for Partick Thistle, Rangers, Millwall Athletic and Bradford City. He was a full back who won the 1911 FA Cup with Bradford. Born in Lugar in 1882, Campbell started his football career with Partick Thistle, with whom he won a Scottish League representative honour, before moving to Rangers in 1903. He played for Rangers until 1905, making nine appearances and scoring once before he moved to England and Millwall Athletic in the Southern League. He", "id": "15446261" }, { "contents": "Matthew Dickie\n\n\nMatthew Dickie (19 August 1873 – 30 December 1959) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Rangers. Dickie made his Rangers debut against St Mirren in a 5-1 home win at Ibrox on 15 August 1896. He played 126 league matches from a possible 132 in an amazing spell during his time at the club. He went on to make 175 first class appearances in total. Dickie won four League championships, 3 Scottish Cups, 5 Glasgow Cups and represented Scotland three times.", "id": "4766083" }, { "contents": "Michael O'Halloran (footballer)\n\n\nwin over Forfar Athletic. He scored again in Saints' final home game of the season, to conclude a 3–3 draw with former club Celtic. O'Halloran won the Scottish Premiership player of the month award for November 2015. St Johnstone rejected two bids from Rangers for O'Halloran in January 2016. Manager Tommy Wright then left O'Halloran out of their following league game, saying that O'Halloran was not \"mentally ready\" to play. O'Halloran made his final appearance for the club in a 2–1 defeat to Hibernian in the Scottish League Cup semi", "id": "9744181" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Millar (footballer, born 1870)\n\n\ntwo different spells: 1890–96 (winning three Football League championships in four seasons) and 1900–04 (claiming a fourth title), separated by a stint in his homeland at Rangers where he won two Scottish Football League titles and two Scottish Cups. Overall he made 260 appearances for Sunderland, scoring 123 goals. At the time of his death he was the trainer for Chelsea. Millar was capped for Scotland three times between 1897 and 1898 during his time with Rangers, scoring twice, both in matches against England; his first was", "id": "14464136" }, { "contents": "Joe Hendry\n\n\nJoe Hendry was a Scottish football player. Hendry played for Rangers, Greenock Morton and St Johnstone amongst other clubs during his career. Hendry began playing football with Maryhill FC. He joined Greenock Morton in 1907 and stayed there for two years before signing for Rangers. Hendry made his debut in a 1–0 win at home on 23 April 1910 against Clyde and during his eight-year spell with the club Hendry made 147 appearances and scored 7 goals. After leaving Rangers he had spells with Dumbarton, Third Lanark, St Johnstone and", "id": "17804993" }, { "contents": "Gordon Rae\n\n\nGordon Rae (born 3 May 1958) is a retired Scottish footballer, who played mainly as a defender for Hibernian, Partick Thistle, Hamilton Academical and Meadowbank Thistle. He also played sometimes as a centre forward, scoring over 50 goals in the Scottish Football League in his career. Rae signed for Hibernian as a 17-year-old from Whitehill Welfare in 1975. He made his first team debut two years later, and scored in a 2–0 win against Rangers at Ibrox in his second appearance. He became club captain, appeared", "id": "6510043" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Johnstone\n\n\narrival at Celtic, Stein had doubts about Johnstone, considering him too much of an individual player, to the overall detriment of the team, and he left him out of the team for the 1965 Scottish Cup Final. Johnstone soon won Stein round with his skill, and won his first winner's medal on 23 October 1965 when he played in Celtic's 2–1 win over Rangers in the Scottish League Cup Final. His 32 league appearances and nine goals that season helped Celtic win their first league title in 12 years. Johnstone", "id": "811424" }, { "contents": "Eddie Rutherford\n\n\nEdward 'Eddie' Rutherford (8 February 1921 – 29 August 2007) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers, Hearts and Scotland. Born in Govan, Scotland, Rutherford joined Rangers from Mossvale in 1941 but during the Second World War he was posted to England so he guested for Lincoln City and Bradford City. He played three games for Bradford in 1944–45 in the Football League War Cup North section. After he had completed his service, Rutherford returned to Rangers and made his first appearance for the club on 19 October", "id": "14506034" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\n1954 Cox played his last match for Scotland, as he captained the team at Hampden in a 4–2 defeat by England in front on 134,544 spectators. 1954–55 was Cox's last season at Rangers as he made only 15 first-team appearances. He made his final Rangers appearance in a 2–1 defeat to Aberdeen on 19 February 1955. Cox made a total of 370 appearances for Rangers, won 25 caps for Scotland and 13 caps for the Scottish League XI. After his Rangers career, Cox had a spell with East Fife before", "id": "14907543" }, { "contents": "Gary Warren (footballer)\n\n\ngame of the season, Warren made his debut in a 2–2 draw against St Mirren. Two-months later on 22 December 2012, he scored his first goal for Inverness in a 4–1 win over Dundee. In the quarter-final of the Scottish League Cup, he scored his second goal for Inverness in a 3–0 win over Rangers, helping the club to reach the semi-final. In the first part of the season, Warren and his teammates struggled as the club found themselves near the foot of the table,", "id": "16107731" }, { "contents": "Ronnie McKinnon\n\n\nRonald McKinnon (born 20 August 1940 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who played for Rangers and the Scotland national team. MacKinnon, a defender, made his Rangers debut against Hearts on 8 March 1961 in a 3–0 win at Ibrox. He went on to make 473 appearances for Rangers between 1961 and 1972, winning two League championships, four Scottish Cups, three League Cups and a Cup Winners' Cup. He also won a total of 28 caps for Scotland, making his debut in the famous 1", "id": "19851592" }, { "contents": "James Marshall (footballer, born 1908)\n\n\nDr James Marshall (3 January 1908 — 27 December 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for both Rangers and Arsenal as well as the Scotland national side. He played as an inside forward. Marshall was born in Avonbridge, Stirlingshire and joined Rangers from Shettleston in 1925. During his nine-year spell at Ibrox he amassed five League championships and three Scottish Cups. He also won three Scotland caps, all of them against England between 1932 and 1934. In total he scored 138 goals in 257 league appearances for Rangers", "id": "4895243" }, { "contents": "Thomas Murray (footballer)\n\n\nThomas Murray (7 April 1889 – 1976) was an English professional footballer who played as a inside right. Born in Middlesbrough, Murray spent his early career with Middlesbrough, Aberdeen, Rangers and Heart of Midlothian. At Hearts he scored 12 goals in 28 league games between August 1911 and April 1912. He joined Bradford City in June 1912. He made 6 league appearances for Bradford City, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in February 1914 to join Hull City. For Hull he made a further 2 league appearances", "id": "5167081" }, { "contents": "Ernie Thompson (footballer, born 1909)\n\n\n, scoring once in a 2–2 draw; his only other appearance came a week later in a 1–0 home win over Crewe Alexandra. At the end of the season, Thompson joined Second Division Bristol City, but never made a first-team appearance, instead spending his single season with the club playing in the reserves in both the Western Section of the Southern Football League and the Western Football League First Division. He left before the end of the 1929–30 season in February 1930 to join Bath City, playing for them in the", "id": "16156938" }, { "contents": "Alan Morton\n\n\n\"\" (insurance salesman). Morton had already been capped while an amateur before joining Rangers (making his debut for Scotland on 26 February 1920 against Wales) but would go on to play in every international against the \"Auld Enemy\", England, from 1920 to 1932 bar the fixture at Old Trafford in 1926, eventually winning 31 caps. In addition he made 15 appearances (scoring 1 goal) for the Scottish League XI (making his debut on 22 February 1919 against the Football League at St. Andrews, Birmingham", "id": "6451273" }, { "contents": "Dan Thomson\n\n\nDaniel Thomson (born 10 August 1891 in Dundee) was a Scottish professional footballer. Thomson began his career with Aberdeen before moving on to St Johnstone from where he joined Bristol City in the 1925-26 season. He spent the following season with Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic before joining Torquay United in 1927. He played in United's first match in the Football League, a 1-1 draw with local rivals Exeter City at Plainmoor on 27 August 1927. He played in the next eight games for Torquay before losing his place", "id": "2040384" }, { "contents": "Jack Smith (footballer, born 1895)\n\n\nwinning the Scottish Cup in 1920, including scoring the third goal for Kilmarnock in the final when they defeated his former team, Albion Rovers, 3–2. Following a disagreement with Kilmarnock, Smith joined Cowdenbeath, where during 1921–22, he netted 45 goals as they finished runners-up in Division Two. At the season's end he joined Rangers for £3,000, making his debut at Ibrox Park on 15 August 1922, scoring in a 2–0 victory over Alloa Athletic. He only made two further appearances for Rangers, scoring once", "id": "17284045" }, { "contents": "Peter Thomson (footballer)\n\n\nIn two seasons at Kenilworth Road he made 11 League appearances, scoring 3 goals. Scoring twice against Stoke City in a memorable 3-1 away win. He also played two League games whilst on loan at Rushden & Diamonds, scoring once on his debut. He had a brief spell with Morecambe, scoring against Dagenham & Redbridge on his home debut with an overhead kick. Thomson joined Southport in July 2002. He returned to Lancaster City in December 2003 and enjoyed further success with Stafford Rangers in the summer of 2005.", "id": "8805355" }, { "contents": "John McPherson (footballer, born 1868)\n\n\nMcPherson also won three Scottish Cup medals with Rangers, the first in 1894, where he scored in five of Rangers' six matches, including the 3–1 final win over Celtic at Hampden. McPherson also scored in the 1897 final, where Rangers defeated Dumbarton 5–1. His third Scottish Cup winners medal came a year later, 1898, where Rangers defeated McPherson's former club Kilmarnock 2–0. His final recorded appearance for Rangers was in a 2–0 friendly defeat to Glentoran on 2 April 1902. McPherson was also a Scottish International, winning", "id": "8242049" }, { "contents": "James Cairns (forward)\n\n\nJames Cairns (\"unknown\" – \"unknown\") was a footballer who played at inside right for several English clubs, including Lincoln City and Newton Heath in the late 1890s. Cairns began his football career with Stevenston Thistle in 1895, before moving to Glossop North End. In September 1897, he joined Football League side Lincoln City, but before he made an appearance for the club, he had moved on to Newton Heath in April 1898. It took Cairns six months to make his debut for the Heathens, eventually", "id": "22214514" }, { "contents": "Andy Neil\n\n\nAndrew Neil (18 November 1892 – 14 August 1941) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 328 Football League appearances playing as an inside forward or wing half for Brighton & Hove Albion (two spells), Arsenal and Queens Park Rangers. Neil was born in Crosshouse, near Kilmarnock in Ayrshire. He joined Kilmarnock of Division One from junior club Ardeer Thistle, and made his debut on 12 April 1913 away to Motherwell. He played regularly in his second season, and in 1914–15, his 20 goals placed him sixth in", "id": "2233011" }, { "contents": "Ernest Myers (footballer)\n\n\nErnest Myers, also known as Colin Myers, was an English professional footballer who played as an inside left. Born in Chapeltown, Sheffield, Myers spent his early career with Northfleet, Crystal Palace and Hickleton Main Colliery. He joined Bradford City in April 1914, and made 1 league appearance for the club, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in May 1920 to join Southend United, where he scored 2 goals in 23 league games. He later played for Aberdare Athletic, Northampton Town, Queens Park Rangers, Exeter", "id": "5167086" }, { "contents": "Billy Bennett (footballer, born 1955)\n\n\nthen over a year before Bennett made another senior appearance, when he again scored in a 3–0 Hearts win over Berwick Rangers in the final of the East of Scotland Shield. He made his league debut for Hearts on 16 November 1974 in the 1–3 defeat away at Arbroath. Bennett left Hearts in the summer of 1976 to sign for Third Division outfit Berwick Rangers. In two seasons with The Borderers, he played 69 league matches and scored 8 goals. At the start of the 1978–79 season, Bennett joined Forfar Athletic. He", "id": "17097673" }, { "contents": "Jerome Thomas\n\n\nhe scored a goal in the final over Blackburn Rovers. He was loaned out to Second Division side Queens Park Rangers in the 2001–02 and 2002–03 seasons. He made his debut in the Football League on 30 March 2002, in a 3–2 win over Tranmere Rovers at Prenton Park. He scored his first professional goal on 6 April, the only goal of the game against Swindon Town at the County Ground in a 1–0 win for QPR. During his second loan spell in October 2002, he scored long distance goals away at Cheltenham", "id": "9097657" }, { "contents": "Willie Reid (footballer)\n\n\nEngland with Portsmouth. Reid returned to Scotland in April 1909 when signed by Rangers, where he won three league titles in eleven seasons. He was the club's top scorer for six consecutive seasons, between 1910 and 1916. He received all his caps for Scottish national side while with Rangers. Reid made his Scotland debut in a 2–2 draw with Wales in 1911 and earned his last cap three years later, against England. Reid also represented the Scottish League XI. His football career was interrupted by the First World War,", "id": "15187335" }, { "contents": "Stephen McGinn\n\n\nRangers, where St Mirren won 1–0, the team's first home league win over Rangers in 22 years. McGinn started the 2009–10 season on bench in the Scottish League Cup game but then went on to score on his first start of the season in a 2–1 loss to Hibernian on 15 August 2009. He continued his season with a brace against Kilmarnock at Rugby Park, where The Buddies came from behind to win 2–1. McGinn signed for Watford in January 2010, for an undisclosed fee. He made his first Watford appearance", "id": "14258787" }, { "contents": "Anthony Ralston\n\n\nAnthony Ralston (born 16 November 1998) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Celtic. He also spent several months on loan at Queens Park in 2015 and at Dundee United in 2018. Ralston made his debut for the Celtic first team on 11 May 2016, in a 2–1 defeat against St Johnstone. He scored his first goal for Celtic in a 5–0 Scottish League Cup win over Kilmarnock on 8 August 2017. He made some further appearances early in the 2017–18 season, including a Champions League match against Paris Saint-", "id": "17673352" }, { "contents": "Sam Gallacher\n\n\nSamuel Gallacher (born 23 December 1904) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a centre half. Born in Annbank, Gallacher played for Larkfield Juniors and Cadzow St. Anne's in his native Scotland, before moving to England to join Bradford City in May 1924. For Bradford City he made 40 appearances in the Football League, scoring 2 goals. He left the club in August 1927 to join Crystal Palace. He later played for Lincoln City, making 13 appearances in the Football League as well as one FA Cup appearance", "id": "4883696" }, { "contents": "Julien Rodriguez\n\n\nJulien Rodriguez (born 11 June 1978 in Béziers, France) is a French former professional footballer who played as a defender. Rodriguez started his career at AS Monaco, making 135 appearances for the club and helping them to reach the 2004 Champions League final. He joined Scottish Premier League club Rangers in August 2005 for £1m. He scored his first goal for Rangers on 11 March 2006 in Rangers' 4–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Ibrox Stadium and made a total of 30 appearances in his debut season with the club.", "id": "11830556" }, { "contents": "Mark Williams (Scottish footballer)\n\n\n-year contract by his former St Mirren manager Danny Lennon. Nine days later he made his debut, playing the full 90 minutes as they won 1–0 at Highland League team Brora Rangers in the first round of the Scottish Challenge Cup. On 8 August he played his first league game, a 3–1 loss away to Queen of the South. In February 2016, he moved on loan to Arbroath in Scottish League Two; on 12 March he scored his first career goal to conclude a 3–0 win over East Stirlingshire at Gayfield Park", "id": "15479008" }, { "contents": "Jack Blackman (English footballer)\n\n\nJohn James Blackman (25 November 1912 – 1987) was an English retired professional footballer who played in the Football League for Crystal Palace and Queens Park Rangers as a forward. He also played non-league football for Guildford City. Blackman began his career at Queens Park Rangers and in October 1935, signed for Crystal Palace, then playing in the Football League Third Division South. He made a goal-scoring debut in November in a home 5–0 win against Millwall and went on to make 27 appearances that season scoring 19 times", "id": "13124108" }, { "contents": "Paul Bennett (footballer, born 1961)\n\n\nPaul Bennett (born 30 January 1961) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Port Vale. Bennett was an Everton youth team player before joining Port Vale in September 1978. He made his debut as a substitute in a 1–1 draw with Peterborough United at London Road on 1 November 1980, and three weeks later he scored his first goal in a 4–2 win over Bradford City. He went on to play 26 Fourth Division games in the 1980–81 season, and scored his first goal in the Football League", "id": "4265172" }, { "contents": "Nicol Smith\n\n\nNicol Smith (25 December 1873 – 6 January 1905) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers. Born in Darvel, Ayrshire, Smith played as a fullback for local sides Vale of Irvine, Royal Albert and Darvel, earning junior international selection, before joining Rangers in 1893. He made only two league appearances in his first season at the club, but by 1893–94, he had established himself in the Rangers team, missing just one of the 18 league fixtures. During that season he was also responsible for bringing Alex", "id": "20560230" }, { "contents": "Bill Paterson (footballer, born 1930)\n\n\nthe proceeds adding to the transfer deal. He had a relatively unsuccessful three years on Tyneside and so returned to Scotland to join Rangers for £3,500. His debut came on 13 August 1958 in a 2-1 home league win against Partick Thistle. That was the first of three appearances that he would make that entire season. Overall Paterson did go on to make 116 top team appearances for the club and won two Scottish league championships. He also claimed a Scottish Cup, a Scottish League Cup, a Charity Cup winners", "id": "14236809" }, { "contents": "David McClure (footballer)\n\n\nDavid McClure was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a right-back who had spells in Scotland, Ireland and England. He was born in Slamannan, Stirlingshire, but began his footballing career in Ireland with Glenavon. McClure then returned to Scotland to play Junior league football with Dunipace, before joining Scottish Football League club St Johnstone in 1924. In June 1927, he was signed by Football League Third Division North club Nelson and made his debut for the club on 24 September 1927 in the 2–1 win against Durham City.", "id": "19923020" }, { "contents": "Arthur Adey\n\n\nArthur Lewis Adey (1 March 1930 - January 1994) was a Scottish professional association football player of the 1950s. Born in Glasgow, he was a centre forward and began his professional career with Doncaster Rovers and later played for Gillingham and Bradford Park Avenue. He made 68 appearances in The Football League and scored 15 goals. He signed for Doncaster Rovers in September 1950, following his move from Bishop Auckland and made his professional debut in Division Two on 14 April 1951 against Queens Park Rangers. In 1954, after three more", "id": "17203075" }, { "contents": "Billy Hogg\n\n\nWilliam Hogg (29 May 1879 – 30 January 1937) was an English footballer who played at outside right, winning the Football League championship with Sunderland in 1901–02, before moving to Scotland where he won the Scottish League title three times with Rangers. He also made three appearances for England in 1902. Hogg was born in Sunderland and was playing local football with Willington Athletic when he was spotted by Sunderland where he became a professional in October 1899. He made his debut on 2 December 1899, scoring in a 5–0 victory over", "id": "13514822" }, { "contents": "John Ballantyne (footballer)\n\n\nJohn Ballantyne (30 June 1892 – after 1917) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 20 appearances in the Football League playing for Birmingham and played for Scottish Football League clubs Kilmarnock, Vale of Leven and Rangers. He played as an outside right. Ballantyne was born in Riccarton, Ayrshire. He played for Kilmarnock and Vale of Leven before coming to England to join Football League Second Division club Birmingham in April 1913. He made his debut on 26 April 1913, the last day of the 1912–13 season, in a 2–1", "id": "2299260" }, { "contents": "Liam Burt\n\n\nLiam Burt (born 1 February 1999) is a Scottish footballer who last played for Rangers, as a midfielder. He made his first team debut for Rangers in March 2016, and has also played on loan for Dumbarton and Alloa Athletic. Burt has represented Scotland at various youth levels up to under-21 level. Burt played youth football for Celtic before being released and subsequently joining the Rangers Academy. He made his professional debut for the club aged seventeen during a Scottish Championship match against Raith Rovers on 1 March 2016. A few", "id": "3837470" }, { "contents": "James Hamilton (footballer, born 1901)\n\n\nJames Hamilton (16 June 1901 – 1975) was a Scottish footballer who played for Vale of Clyde, St Mirren, Rangers, Blackpool, Barrow, Armadale and Scotland. He was a full-back. Bargeddie-born Hamilton made his debut for Harry Evans' Blackpool at home to Bristol City on 15 September 1928, six games into their 1928–29 Football League campaign. He made a further 24 League appearances that season as \"the Tangerines\" finished eighth in Division Two. He started the first three League games of the", "id": "1708146" }, { "contents": "John Campbell (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\nJohn William Campbell (2 October 1877 – 20 January 1919) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Linthouse, Partick Thistle, Blackburn Rovers, Rangers, West Ham United, Hibernian and the Scotland national team. He was born in Glasgow and gained the most success in his career with Rangers with whom he won four successive league titles (1898–99, 1899–00, 1900–01 and 1901–02) the first of which Rangers won all 18 of their Scottish league matches. He also represented Scotland at international level, winning four caps and scoring", "id": "13889025" }, { "contents": "Matt Hill (footballer)\n\n\nMatthew Clayton Hill (born 26 March 1981) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for Bradford Park Avenue. Born in Bristol, Hill started his career with Bristol City where he made over 200 appearances. He subsequently joined Preston North End where he also spent a successful spell, playing over 100 times for the Lancashire club. A move to Wolverhampton Wanderers followed but first team opportunities were more limited and he was loaned to Queens Park Rangers before leaving to join Barnsley. After only one season at the South Yorkshire club", "id": "15275700" }, { "contents": "Dennis O'Donnell\n\n\nDennis O'Donnell (q1 1880 – after 1908) was an English professional footballer who scored 41 goals from 167 appearances in the Football League playing as a forward for Lincoln City, Sunderland, Notts County and Bradford Park Avenue. He also played in the Southern League for Queens Park Rangers. O'Donnell was born in Willington Quay, then in Northumberland. He made his debut for Lincoln City on 5 October 1901 in a 2–1 win at home to Middlesbrough in the Football League Second Division, and played for the club until the end of", "id": "1332551" }, { "contents": "William McLachlan (footballer)\n\n\nWilliam McLachlan (born 19 March 1989) is a Scottish footballer currently playing for Irvine Meadow in the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region. He has previously played in the Scottish Football League First Division for Airdrie United and for Australian club Melbourne Knights in the Victorian Premier League. McLachlan began his career with Rangers and appeared for the Scotland U-16 team in a Victory Shield match against Northern Ireland in October 2004. In December 2008, he joined Airdrie United on loan. He made his debut against St Johnstone on 20 December.", "id": "18351658" }, { "contents": "Bruno Andrade (footballer, born 1993)\n\n\njoined Lincoln City for the 2018-19 League Two season for a free transfer on the 24th May 2018. Born in Portugal, Andrade joined the Queens Park Rangers academy at the age of 13. He made his debut for Queens Park Rangers against Preston North End on 20 November 2010. He then made his second appearance for the club against Blackburn Rovers in the FA Cup. He replaced Jamie Mackie who had broken his leg. He made a further two first-team appearances at the beginning of the 2011–12 season, including", "id": "14654306" }, { "contents": "John Walker (footballer, born 1873)\n\n\nscored the winning goal against West Bromwich Albion on the final day of the season to secure the title. Walker played another 18 times for Liverpool in 1901–02 before returning to Scotland to join Rangers, who had just won a fourth successive domestic title but were also facing financial troubles due to the reconstruction work required on their stadium after the recent 1902 Ibrox disaster. He scored at a rate of nearly a goal every two league games over his three seasons with the Glasgow club, and appeared in two further Scottish Cup finals. In", "id": "15474189" }, { "contents": "Charles Dennington\n\n\nCharles Dennington (born 7 October 1899, died 1943) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Beccles, Dennington played for Norwich City, Bradford City and Kirkley. He joined Norwich from his home town club, Beccles Town, and made his debut in a 1-1 draw against Queens Park Rangers in the Third Division (South) in August 1922, establishing himself as the Canaries' first choice ahead of William O'Hagen and Ernest Williamson. He missed just twenty League games over the next five", "id": "8086327" }, { "contents": "Davy McDougall\n\n\nside of 1899–00. He was also with Rangers without apparently making a first team appearance. In summer 1900 he joined Southern League Bristol City from Partick Thistle making his debut at outside left in a 0–2 defeat at Luton Town on 15 September 1900. He made 11 appearances scoring 2 goals playing on both right and left wings in season 1900–01 when Bristol City were runners up in the Southern League. He also played on both wings in 12 Western League games scoring 2 goals. He rejoined Rangers in the summer of 1901 making 4", "id": "20661422" }, { "contents": "Gordon Smith (footballer, born December 1954)\n\n\n. He was sold to Rangers in 1977 for £65,000. In his first season with Rangers, Smith won the domestic treble, scoring 27 goals from midfield. He also scored the winning goal in the 1978 Scottish League Cup Final, against Celtic. He was sold to Brighton & Hove Albion in 1980 for a record transfer fee of £440,000. He returned to Rangers on loan in December 1982, playing in the 1982 League Cup Final defeat by Celtic. Smith made three appearances during his loan spell, without scoring.", "id": "8508165" }, { "contents": "George Stewart (footballer, born 1932)\n\n\nGeorge Stewart (16 November 1932 – 22 May 1998) was a Scottish footballer, who played as a goalkeeper for Petershill Juniors, Raith Rovers, Stirling Albion, Montrose and Bradford City. Born in Larkhall in 1932, Stewart started his career with junior side Petershill. He was capped by the Scotland junior select team while with the club. He joined the senior game when he signed for Raith Rovers in 1952. He made 68 appearances in the Scottish Football League for three clubs in seven seasons, before moving to England to", "id": "22044872" }, { "contents": "Tommy Anderson (footballer)\n\n\nfor a fee of £1,000, but in November the same year he moved to Queen's Park Rangers. He had only played five league games for Bournemouth, scoring once. He went on to score 3 times in 10 league games for Rangers in the 1958–59 season. He moved again in July 1959, signing for Torquay United. He made his debut on 22 August 1959, the first day of the 1959–60 season, in a 2–1 home win against Doncaster Rovers. In his season with Torquay he played in nine league", "id": "2845776" }, { "contents": "Richard Edghill\n\n\nof Sun Jihai served to further limit Richard's opportunities at the club and he was released at the end of the 2001–02 promotion winning campaign, having made a total of 207 appearances for the club in nine years. Following his release Edghill had short unsuccessful spells with Wigan Athletic and Sheffield United before joining Queens Park Rangers in August 2003. In the 2005 close season Edghill joined Bradford City on a free transfer. At Bradford he scored twice; against Tranmere Rovers in the league and Barnsley in the FA Cup. He was one", "id": "9473165" }, { "contents": "John Blackwood (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\n, who then sold him to Football League Second Division club Woolwich Arsenal. After joining Woolwich Arsenal in May 1900, Blackwood scored on his debut, in a 2–1 win over Gainsborough Trinity on the opening day of the 1900–01 season. This was to be his only season with the club; he scored six goals in 17 league appearances. He also scored during his one appearance in the FA Cup, against Darwen on 5 January 1901. He left for Reading in May 1901. In November 1902, Blackwood joined Queens Park Rangers", "id": "4952881" }, { "contents": "David Amoo\n\n\nRobinson's first-team however, and made just two further substitute appeareances at Stadium MK before returning to Anfield on 23 February. On 28 February, he joined Championship side Hull City on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. He made his \"Tigers\" debut coming on as a replacement for Jay Simpson in a 1–0 win at Nottingham Forest on 5 March. He scored his first goal in senior football in a 1–1 draw at Queens Park Rangers on 25 April. Unable to break into Nigel Pearson's first-", "id": "5142268" }, { "contents": "Chris Brandon\n\n\nin Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, on 7 April 1976. He attended Yorkshire Martyrs Collegiate School in Bradford and supported the city's Football League team Bradford City. Brandon started his football career as a trainee for Bradford City, but he was dropped by their academy and joined non-league side Bradford Park Avenue. He later played for Farsley Celtic before joining Stafford Rangers. He played 32 times for Rangers over two seasons before returning to play for Bradford Park Avenue. In his two spells with Park Avenue, Brandon played", "id": "14931377" }, { "contents": "Sam Charnley\n\n\nSamuel \"Sam\" Charnley (18 November 1902 – 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for Wolverhampton Wanderers in the Football League. Born in Craigneuk, a suburb of Wishaw, North Lanarkshire, Charnley played for Burnbank Athletic before joining Wolverhampton Wanderers of the Football League Second Division in January 1925. He made his debut on 12 September 1925 in a 4–1 win against Portsmouth. After making 55 appearances in total, scoring once, he joined Midland League team York City in August 1928. He captained York in the 1928–29 season", "id": "10736957" }, { "contents": "Sébastien Faure (footballer)\n\n\n. Faure joined Rangers on a three-year deal pending international clearance on 21 August 2012. After the move, Faure says he joined Rangers because Manager Ally McCoist persuaded him to join. He made his debut against First Division side Falkirk in the Scottish League Cup on 30 August 2012. It was on 23 February 2013, when Faure scored his first ever senior goal. This came whilst playing Third Division Berwick Rangers and it contributed to a 3–1 win away from home. Faure had his first run out of the season in", "id": "5596733" }, { "contents": "Dave MacFarlane\n\n\nDave MacFarlane (16 January 1967 – 30 October 2013) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Kilmarnock. MacFarlane began his career with Ayr United Boys Club before joining Rangers. Whilst at Ibrox he made seven league appearances and picked up a winner's medal in October 1986 when he came on as a second-half substitute in Rangers 2-1 win over Celtic in the Scottish League Cup Final. MacFarlane also had loan spells with Kilmarnock and Dundee, before joining the former on a permanent", "id": "7049582" }, { "contents": "Rocco Quinn\n\n\nAugust 2009. His league debut was the 1–1 home draw a week later against Raith Rovers. He scored league goals that season in games against Ayr United, Partick Thistle and a double against Greenock Morton. The Palmerston Park side ended the season in fifth place. He also played on 23 September 2009 in the 2–1 home League Cup defeat against Rangers. In total Quinn made 35 competitive first team appearances in his first season. The QoS website confirmed on 18 June 2011 that Quinn had left and signed for Ross County. In", "id": "16760979" }, { "contents": "Tommy Kelso\n\n\nTommy Kelso (6 May 1882-29 January 1974) was a Scottish footballer who played as a full back for Manchester City between 1906 and 1911. Kelso started his career at Third Lanark before signing for Manchester City in 1906. He made his debut for Manchester City in September 1906 in a 4-1 defeat against Arsenal. He made 139 league appearances for Manchester City and scored 3 goals. He subsequently returned to Scotland and played for Dundee, Rangers and Dumbarton. He won one Scotland cap in 1914 in a 0", "id": "5742448" }, { "contents": "Luke Freeman\n\n\nLeague Trophy and League One titles during his first season with the team. He spent two-and-a-half years at Bristol City before joining Queens Park Rangers in January 2017. Freeman began his career at Charlton Athletic, joining the club's academy in 2001 after being scouted playing Sunday league youth football. He spent two years at Charlton before being released \"for being too small\". Following his release from Charlton, Freeman joined Gillingham at the age of 11. He made his first-team debut for Gillingham", "id": "8315727" }, { "contents": "David Provan (footballer, born 1941)\n\n\nDavid Provan (11 March 1941 – 26 November 2016) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for Rangers, Crystal Palace, Plymouth Argyle and St Mirren. Provan also played for Scotland and the Scottish League XI. Provan was a product of the Rangers youth team and played as a full back. He made his debut on 27 December 1958, in a league match away to Third Lanark which Rangers won 3-2. He helped the club win a domestic treble in 1963–4 and played in the 1967 European Cup Winners", "id": "926204" }, { "contents": "Neil Danns\n\n\ndeal. He had rejected an offer from Scottish Premier League club Rangers. Danns made his Leicester City debut, where he started the whole game, in a 1–0 win over Coventry City in the opening game of the season. He scored his first goal for Leicester City on 23 August 2011 in a 4–2 away win against Bury in the League Cup. Danns soon became a first team regular for the side at the start of the season, finding himself rotated. He scored his first league goal for the club against Blackpool in", "id": "141524" }, { "contents": "Billy Blunt\n\n\nWilliam Blunt (5 August 1886 – 1962) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Wolverhampton Wanderers and Bristol Rovers. Blunt joined Second Division Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1908 from nearby non-league side Stafford Rangers. He made his Football League debut on 28 November 1908 in a 1–2 defeat at Oldham Athletic. He scored two in his second appearance (against Clapton Orient) and ended the season with 8 goals. The 1909–10 campaign saw him score 27 goals, making him the club's top goalscorer for the season", "id": "5433307" }, { "contents": "Gordon Ashcroft\n\n\nGordon Aschroft (7 September 1902 – after 1930) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Lea, Lancashire, he played for Coppull Central before joining Football League First Division side Burnley in November 1925. He made his debut for the club on 7 December 1925 in the 3–1 win against Birmingham at Turf Moor. Ashcroft failed to make another first-team appearance for Burnley and was released at the end of the 1926–27 season. In August 1927 he signed for Burscough Rangers, and then played for", "id": "5652868" }, { "contents": "Raul Correia\n\n\ngoal for Guiseley on 16 September in a 1–1 draw away to Wrexham after guiding Will Hatfield's deflected shot from distance past goalkeeper Luke Coddington. Correia made his final appearance in a 4–0 defeat away to Tranmere Rovers on 30 December, and returned to his parent club two days later. On 11 January 2018, Correia joined National League North club York City on loan for the remainder of the season. Two days later, he made his debut by starting in a 2–1 home win against Bradford Park Avenue. He scored his first", "id": "12088537" }, { "contents": "Bobby Main\n\n\nRobert Frame Main (10 February 1909 – 30 March 1985) was a Scottish professional football player, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Main began his career at local team Baillieston Juniors and joined Rangers in 1929, initially as understudy to Sandy Archibald. He was in and out of the side for four years before becoming a regular in 1933. During his spell at the club he won two Scottish league championships, two Scottish Cups, three Glasgow Cups and two Charity Cups. He made 158 appearances for Rangers", "id": "12825737" }, { "contents": "Ian McColl\n\n\nfinal appearance for Rangers was in the 1960 Scottish Cup Final, a 2–0 win against Kilmarnock. He made a total of 526 appearances for the Glasgow club. He also won 14 caps for Scotland and represented the Scottish League XI. After his playing career, he quickly went into management. He was appointed manager of Scotland in 1960 and enjoyed a winning start, beating Northern Ireland 5–2 at Hampden Park. Under McColl's managership, Scotland won British Home Championships in 1962 and 1963. The team beat England 2–0 at Hampden and", "id": "14525157" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Sharp\n\n\nyear later, in 1905 he was snapped up by Woolwich Arsenal of the First Division and promptly became a regular in the side after making his debut against Liverpool on 2 September 1905. He missed only three league games in his first season and reached the FA Cup semi-finals twice in his first two seasons. At Arsenal Sharp also won another three Scotland caps, before Rangers prised him away in April 1908 for £400. In total he played 116 games for Arsenal, scoring 5 goals. His spell at Rangers only", "id": "17959164" }, { "contents": "Craig Beattie\n\n\nplayed a competitive game in two months he missed the game against Dundee United on 25 February as was not match fit. After scoring twice in a bounce game, he made his debut as a substitute on 3 March against Rangers in a 2–1 win at Ibrox. He scored his first goal for Hearts in a 2–2 draw with St Mirren in the Scottish Cup 6th round at Tynecaste on 10 March. He had a second goal in the same match wrongfully ruled out for offside. In just his second league appearance for the club", "id": "12813032" }, { "contents": "Vladimír Weiss (footballer, born 1989)\n\n\nsubstitute. On 19 August 2010, Weiss joined Scottish side Rangers on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. Prior to signing for Rangers, Weiss rejected a move to their city rivals Celtic. He made his Rangers debut against Hibernian at Easter Road on 22 August coming on as a substitute for James Beattie, setting up the second goal with Rangers going on to win 3–0. He scored his first goal for Rangers in a 4–1 home win against Motherwell and five days later made his Champions League debut against Valencia, providing", "id": "535578" }, { "contents": "Ralph Brand\n\n\nplayed his last match for Rangers on 23 April 1965 when he scored the only goal in a 1–0 win over Third Lanark in the final League game of the season. Brand was sold to Manchester City in August that year for £30,000. Two years later he moved to Sunderland before returning to Scottish football at Raith Rovers (managed by his friend Jimmy Millar). He retired in 1970, although he would come out of retirement to play a handful of matches for Hamilton Academical in 1971–72. Brand played for Scotland eight times", "id": "16219219" } ]

[ { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nTommy Cairns (30 October 1890 – 30 November 1967) was a Scottish footballer who played for Bristol City, Peebles Rovers, St Johnstone, Rangers, Bradford City and Scotland. Born in Merryton, Lanarkshire, Cairns made his name in Junior football, helping Burnbank Athletic to the Scottish Junior Cup in 1911. He also appeared for Larkhall Thistle before earning an opportunity in the senior leagues. His first professional club was Bristol City where he played for two seasons from 1911. He joined Peebles Rovers in 1913 and had a short", "id": "21330844" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nan ever-present and scored 11 goals. Cairns enjoyed further League title successes in 1919–20, 1920–21, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1924–25 and 1926–27 before joining Bradford City in 1927. His final Rangers appearance was in a 2–1 win over Queen's Park on 1 March 1927. In his time with Bradford he made 135 appearances and won a Division Three North medal in 1929. He retired from football in 1932 and later worked as a scout for Arsenal. Cairns was also capped at international level, making eight Scotland appearances. He", "id": "21330846" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nspell with St Johnstone before joining Rangers in November 1913. He made his debut against Hamilton Academical on 27 December 1913 and played a total of nine games in his first season as Rangers finished second to rivals Celtic in Division One. Cairns was a regular in the Rangers team the following season, missing just one league game. He continued to be a regular in the team for the next two seasons but it was in season 1917–18 that he won his first League title (Rangers' first for five years). Cairns was", "id": "21330845" }, { "contents": "Kevin Cairns (footballer)\n\n\nin September 1960, making his debut that month in a Scottish Football League match against St Johnstone. After being a first team regular in his first season, Cairns made only one appearance in 1961–62 and was given a free transfer by Dundee United in May 1962. He signed for Southport in August 1962, going on to make 206 appearances in the Football League over the next six years. He then played non-league football for Wigan Athletic, where he played four games in the Cheshire League, and made a further five", "id": "20271756" }, { "contents": "Sandy Archibald\n\n\nRangers won the League title for the first time in 5 seasons. Archibald went on to win thirteen league titles in his seventeen seasons with the Glasgow club. He also won three Scottish Cup medals, the first of which was Rangers' first in 25 years and Archibald scored twice in the final as Rangers defeated Celtic 4–0 at Hampden. His final appearance for Rangers was in a 1–1 draw away to Queen's Park on 30 April 1934. He made 580 appearances for Rangers. Archibald won a total of 8 caps for Scotland", "id": "9747370" }, { "contents": "Arthur Dixon (footballer, born 1892)\n\n\nfirst goal for the club on 8 March 1919 in a 3–0 league win against Hamilton Academical. He enjoyed a benefit match at Ibrox Park on 10 September 1923. A crowd of 10,000 watched Rangers draw 1–1 with Liverpool. The Rangers side was: Hamilton (goalkeeper), Manderson, Meiklejohn, Dixon, McCandless, Archibald, Muirhead, Morton, Hansen, Cairns. The goalscorer for Rangers was Hansen. In total he made 361 appearances (326 league and 35 Scottish Cup) for the club. He scored eight goals (", "id": "11923821" }, { "contents": "Bert Manderson\n\n\nBert Manderson (9 May 1893 – 27 April 1946) was an Irish footballer, who played for Rangers and Ireland. Manderson, a right-back, made his Rangers debut in a 1-1 draw with Aberdeen on 27 March 1915. He had joined Rangers from Glenavon for £150. He previously had spells at Cliftonville and Belfast Celtic. He went on to make 370 league appearances (452 in total) in 12 seasons with the club, winning seven Scottish league titles. Manderson left Rangers to join Bradford Park", "id": "21502381" }, { "contents": "Archie Devine\n\n\nScotland, but he never played for the national side again. He also made one appearance for the Scottish League XI in that season, in a 3–2 win against the English Football League XI. In April 1910 he moved south of the border to Bradford City, and was part of the side that won the 1911 FA Cup Final against Newcastle United. He stayed at Bradford for nearly three years before joining Woolwich Arsenal. He made his debut for Arsenal against Chelsea on 15 February 1913, and was part of the team that", "id": "20302147" }, { "contents": "James Stewart (footballer, born 1883)\n\n\nhe played in the losing side in the final against Bradford City. He made his third, and final, England appearance against Scotland on 1 April 1911 and again scored in a 1–1 draw. All three of his international appearances thus ended 1–1. He continued to be a regular member of the Newcastle side until he was sold to Rangers in 1913 for £600. In his Newcastle career he made a total of 138 appearances with 53 goals. In May 1914 he returned to his native north-east, and non-", "id": "11906121" }, { "contents": "George Waddell\n\n\nGeorge Barr Waddell (29 November 1888 – 17 September 1966) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Scottish Football League for Rangers and in the Football League in England for Bradford City, Preston North End, Oldham Athletic, Birmingham and New Brighton. He played as a wing half. Waddell was born in Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire. He began his football career in junior football before joining Rangers in 1909. He made his debut in Division One on 26 April 1909 in a 3–2 defeat to Queen's Park. Over the", "id": "656965" }, { "contents": "Andrew Shinnie\n\n\ninternational debut for Scotland in November 2012, in a 2–1 win over Luxembourg. Shinnie made his first team debut for Rangers on 17 March 2007, coming on as a substitute for Dado Pršo in a Scottish Premier League match against Aberdeen. On the same day, he scored two goals for Rangers' under-19 team against St Mirren under-19s. In April, he scored the first goal in the 5–0 win over rivals Celtic as Rangers won the 2007 Scottish Youth Cup Final. He went on to sign a new three-year professional", "id": "14751617" }, { "contents": "Bobby McKean\n\n\nRobert Munro McKean (8 December 1952 – 15 March 1978) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for St Mirren and Rangers. He appeared in one full international match for Scotland, in 1976. McKean started his career at local club Blantyre Victoria before moving to St Mirren in 1969. After five seasons in Paisley he joined Rangers for £50,000 in September 1974. He enjoyed a successful spell in Govan and won the league twice in his first two seasons. He was also part of the 1976 Scottish Cup Final winning", "id": "303577" }, { "contents": "Andy Cunningham (footballer)\n\n\n1918–19. In total, he made 389 appearances and scored 182 goals for Rangers. He won 7 League titles and played in Rangers' famous 1928 Scottish Cup final triumph where they defeated Celtic 4–0 to win their first Scottish Cup in 25 years. Cunningham was also capped at international level, playing 12 times for Scotland and scoring 5 goals. He lost just one of his 12 games for Scotland. Cunningham also represented the Scottish League XI 10 times. Cunningham moved to Newcastle United in 1928, becoming the then oldest player to", "id": "19975016" }, { "contents": "Archie Mitchell (footballer)\n\n\nthe team win the Birmingham & District League title in the 1905–06 and 1906–07 seasons. Mitchell departed Villa in 1907. On 2 May 1907, Mitchell joined Southern League First Division club Queens Park Rangers. He had a good start to his career with the Hoops, winning the 1907–08 First Division title in his debut season. A further First Division title was won in 1911–12, with the Charity Shield being lost 2–1 to Football League First Division champions Blackburn Rovers. He remained with Queens Park Rangers through to 1921 and finally made his", "id": "9272843" }, { "contents": "James Bowie (footballer)\n\n\nJames Bowie (9 July 1888 – 7 August 1972) was a Scottish football player and football administrator, who played for and was chairman of Rangers. He began his career at Maryhill Juniors and joined Rangers in December 1910 from Queen's Park. He made his debut against Falkirk on 10 December 1910. During his time at the club he won six League championships and played in a total of 351 competitive games, scoring 70 goals. Bowie won two Scotland caps in 1920, and also played in three wartime internationals in 1919", "id": "4895542" }, { "contents": "James Vaughan (footballer, born 1988)\n\n\n. He made his second debut for the club in the 1–0 defeat by Nottingham Forest on 3 August. After scoring two goals in the League Cup win over Bradford City on 6 August, he scored his first league goal on his return in the 1–1 draw with Queens Park Rangers on 10 August. On 24 August, he scored a hat-trick in a 5–1 win against A.F.C. Bournemouth. Vaughan joined fellow Championship club Birmingham City on 26 November 2015, on loan until 2 January 2016. He made his debut as a", "id": "14499593" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Smith (footballer, born 1911)\n\n\ncontinued their dominance of Scottish football. Smith also collected his first Scottish Cup medal, scoring in a 5-0 defeat of St Mirren in the final at Hampden. Success for Smith and Rangers continued. The League title was again won in 1934–35 with Smith scoring 43 goals in 38 matches, including 6 in a 7-1 defeat of Dunfermline Athletic. He also collected his second Scottish Cup medal, scoring twice in the 2-1 against Hamilton Academical in the final. Rangers went on to win two of the next", "id": "14794886" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\na 4–2 win over Motherwell at the start of the 1946–47 season. He made a total of 13 league appearances in his first season, including a 4–1 win over Hamilton Academical in the last match, as Rangers beat Hibernian to clinch the League title. In the following season, 1947–48, Cox was an ever present as Rangers finished second to Hibs in the league, and won the Scottish Cup after a 1–0 win over Greenock Morton. Cox also netted his first Rangers goal during the season, scoring in a 2–1 win over", "id": "14907540" }, { "contents": "Andrew Little (footballer)\n\n\nas making one appearance for the \"B\" team, he won his first senior cap in March 2009, and appeared nine times in total. A former Ballinamallard United player, he moved from Northern Ireland to Scotland in 2006 to join the Rangers Academy. He scored for the \"Gers\" in the club's Scottish Youth Cup final victory over Old Firm rival's Celtic at Hampden Park in 2008. That season he also helped the club to top the SPFL Development League. He made his senior debut as a substitute for", "id": "5532587" }, { "contents": "Jim Eadie\n\n\nJames Eadie (born 4 February 1947) is a Scottish former professional footballer. During his career, he made over 200 appearances in the Football League in spells with Cardiff City, Chester and Bristol Rovers. Eadie began his career at Rangers but never made a first team appearance for the club, moving to Dumbarton where he played a handful of matches before joining Kirkintilloch Rob Roy. It wasn't until he moved south to play in The Football League that he began to play regular football. He signed for Cardiff City in 1969", "id": "15683889" }, { "contents": "Andrew McAtee\n\n\nconscripted in 1917 and served in Italy. On returning to Scotland McAtee resumed his successful football career with Celtic, participating in two further league title-winning seasons for a total of six. He also featured in a further Scottish Cup victory in 1923, twelve years after his first in 1911, and won four Glasgow Cups, scoring the winning goal against Clyde in the 1920-21 final. He made one appearance for Scotland in 1913 versus Wales but was selected more frequently for the Scottish League XI, playing in seven games", "id": "872940" }, { "contents": "Bobby Russell (footballer, born 1957)\n\n\nRobert Russell (born 11 February 1957 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Russell joined Rangers from Shettleston Juniors in 1977 and made his first team debut against Aberdeen on 13 August that year, aged only 20. The game ended in a 3–1 defeat, however Rangers went on to win the treble that season and Russell cemented his place on the right side of the midfield. He made 370 appearances for the club and won a league championship, two Scottish Cups", "id": "82295" }, { "contents": "Aaron Ramsey\n\n\nMifsud. On 26 April, he scored his first league goal in a 3–3 draw against Burnley. He went on to make his first career league start three weeks later in a 3–1 win over Queens Park Rangers and began to establish himself in the first team, making several more starts in the Cardiff side. He made a total of 22 appearances during the season, his first full season of professional football, and played in five of the club's six FA Cup matches, including the final, becoming the second youngest player", "id": "12732777" }, { "contents": "Daniel Bruce (footballer)\n\n\nCup Final against Queen's Park. The final as scheduled finished as a 1–1 draw; in the replay, Bruce opened the scoring for Vale of Leven but Queen's came back to win 2–1. Soon afterwards, and while still a teenager, Bruce was capped for Scotland. His first and what turned out to be only international appearance came on 22 March 1890 against Wales in the British Home Championship; Scotland won 5–0. He moved to Rangers in 1891 and played four games in the Scottish Football League at the start of", "id": "4264595" }, { "contents": "Joe Hutton (footballer)\n\n\nJoseph \"Joe\" Hutton (18 November 1927 – April 1999) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Gillingham, Millwall, Reading and Stoke City. Hutton was born in Dundee and began his career in England with Reading. He only made eight appearances for the \"Royals\" before going back to Scotland to play for Ayr United. He and Ayr team-mate Bobby Cairns joined Stoke City in 1953. Hutton made an instant impact at the Victoria Ground scoring in his first three matches for the club", "id": "8572530" }, { "contents": "Alex Venters\n\n\nAlexander Venters (9 June 1913 – 30 April 1959) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Cowdenbeath, Rangers and Scotland. Alex Venters, an inside forward, joined Rangers in November 1933 after his first club Cowdenbeath. He spent a total of 13 years at Ibrox Park, winning three Scottish league titles (1935, 1937 and 1939), two Scottish Cups (1935, 1936) and scoring 102 goals in 201 appearances. 18 of these 102 goals came against Celtic in various competitions. In the last season before", "id": "9812289" }, { "contents": "Matt Fry\n\n\nreturned to West Ham having made 32 appearances, scoring one goal, for Charlton. Fry had his contract cancelled by mutual consent with West Ham on 2 February 2012 allowing him to seek first-team football on a regular basis. On 10 February 2012, Fry joined League Two club Bradford City on a free transfer. He made his debut in a 1–1 draw at home to Port Vale on 14 February 2012, in which he played 79 minutes before being substituted. After leaving Bradford, Fry played for Concord Rangers, helping", "id": "20258156" }, { "contents": "Alex Bennett (footballer)\n\n\nand also worked as a sports journalist. He died in Glasgow in 1940. Bennett was capped eleven times for Scotland, gaining three caps while at Celtic and the remaining eight while at Rangers. He made his Scotland debut against Wales in March 1904 and scored his first international goal, again against Wales, four years later. He scored his second international goal in his final Scotland appearance, against Ireland in March 1913. He also appeared ten times in representative matches for the Scottish Football League. At the age of 39 he", "id": "7795002" }, { "contents": "Robert Campbell (footballer, born 1882)\n\n\nRobert Campbell (1882 – 13 March 1931) was a Scottish footballer who played for Partick Thistle, Rangers, Millwall Athletic and Bradford City. He was a full back who won the 1911 FA Cup with Bradford. Born in Lugar in 1882, Campbell started his football career with Partick Thistle, with whom he won a Scottish League representative honour, before moving to Rangers in 1903. He played for Rangers until 1905, making nine appearances and scoring once before he moved to England and Millwall Athletic in the Southern League. He", "id": "15446261" }, { "contents": "Matthew Dickie\n\n\nMatthew Dickie (19 August 1873 – 30 December 1959) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Rangers. Dickie made his Rangers debut against St Mirren in a 5-1 home win at Ibrox on 15 August 1896. He played 126 league matches from a possible 132 in an amazing spell during his time at the club. He went on to make 175 first class appearances in total. Dickie won four League championships, 3 Scottish Cups, 5 Glasgow Cups and represented Scotland three times.", "id": "4766083" }, { "contents": "Michael O'Halloran (footballer)\n\n\nwin over Forfar Athletic. He scored again in Saints' final home game of the season, to conclude a 3–3 draw with former club Celtic. O'Halloran won the Scottish Premiership player of the month award for November 2015. St Johnstone rejected two bids from Rangers for O'Halloran in January 2016. Manager Tommy Wright then left O'Halloran out of their following league game, saying that O'Halloran was not \"mentally ready\" to play. O'Halloran made his final appearance for the club in a 2–1 defeat to Hibernian in the Scottish League Cup semi", "id": "9744181" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Millar (footballer, born 1870)\n\n\ntwo different spells: 1890–96 (winning three Football League championships in four seasons) and 1900–04 (claiming a fourth title), separated by a stint in his homeland at Rangers where he won two Scottish Football League titles and two Scottish Cups. Overall he made 260 appearances for Sunderland, scoring 123 goals. At the time of his death he was the trainer for Chelsea. Millar was capped for Scotland three times between 1897 and 1898 during his time with Rangers, scoring twice, both in matches against England; his first was", "id": "14464136" }, { "contents": "Joe Hendry\n\n\nJoe Hendry was a Scottish football player. Hendry played for Rangers, Greenock Morton and St Johnstone amongst other clubs during his career. Hendry began playing football with Maryhill FC. He joined Greenock Morton in 1907 and stayed there for two years before signing for Rangers. Hendry made his debut in a 1–0 win at home on 23 April 1910 against Clyde and during his eight-year spell with the club Hendry made 147 appearances and scored 7 goals. After leaving Rangers he had spells with Dumbarton, Third Lanark, St Johnstone and", "id": "17804993" }, { "contents": "Gordon Rae\n\n\nGordon Rae (born 3 May 1958) is a retired Scottish footballer, who played mainly as a defender for Hibernian, Partick Thistle, Hamilton Academical and Meadowbank Thistle. He also played sometimes as a centre forward, scoring over 50 goals in the Scottish Football League in his career. Rae signed for Hibernian as a 17-year-old from Whitehill Welfare in 1975. He made his first team debut two years later, and scored in a 2–0 win against Rangers at Ibrox in his second appearance. He became club captain, appeared", "id": "6510043" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Johnstone\n\n\narrival at Celtic, Stein had doubts about Johnstone, considering him too much of an individual player, to the overall detriment of the team, and he left him out of the team for the 1965 Scottish Cup Final. Johnstone soon won Stein round with his skill, and won his first winner's medal on 23 October 1965 when he played in Celtic's 2–1 win over Rangers in the Scottish League Cup Final. His 32 league appearances and nine goals that season helped Celtic win their first league title in 12 years. Johnstone", "id": "811424" }, { "contents": "Eddie Rutherford\n\n\nEdward 'Eddie' Rutherford (8 February 1921 – 29 August 2007) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers, Hearts and Scotland. Born in Govan, Scotland, Rutherford joined Rangers from Mossvale in 1941 but during the Second World War he was posted to England so he guested for Lincoln City and Bradford City. He played three games for Bradford in 1944–45 in the Football League War Cup North section. After he had completed his service, Rutherford returned to Rangers and made his first appearance for the club on 19 October", "id": "14506034" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\n1954 Cox played his last match for Scotland, as he captained the team at Hampden in a 4–2 defeat by England in front on 134,544 spectators. 1954–55 was Cox's last season at Rangers as he made only 15 first-team appearances. He made his final Rangers appearance in a 2–1 defeat to Aberdeen on 19 February 1955. Cox made a total of 370 appearances for Rangers, won 25 caps for Scotland and 13 caps for the Scottish League XI. After his Rangers career, Cox had a spell with East Fife before", "id": "14907543" }, { "contents": "Gary Warren (footballer)\n\n\ngame of the season, Warren made his debut in a 2–2 draw against St Mirren. Two-months later on 22 December 2012, he scored his first goal for Inverness in a 4–1 win over Dundee. In the quarter-final of the Scottish League Cup, he scored his second goal for Inverness in a 3–0 win over Rangers, helping the club to reach the semi-final. In the first part of the season, Warren and his teammates struggled as the club found themselves near the foot of the table,", "id": "16107731" }, { "contents": "Ronnie McKinnon\n\n\nRonald McKinnon (born 20 August 1940 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who played for Rangers and the Scotland national team. MacKinnon, a defender, made his Rangers debut against Hearts on 8 March 1961 in a 3–0 win at Ibrox. He went on to make 473 appearances for Rangers between 1961 and 1972, winning two League championships, four Scottish Cups, three League Cups and a Cup Winners' Cup. He also won a total of 28 caps for Scotland, making his debut in the famous 1", "id": "19851592" }, { "contents": "James Marshall (footballer, born 1908)\n\n\nDr James Marshall (3 January 1908 — 27 December 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for both Rangers and Arsenal as well as the Scotland national side. He played as an inside forward. Marshall was born in Avonbridge, Stirlingshire and joined Rangers from Shettleston in 1925. During his nine-year spell at Ibrox he amassed five League championships and three Scottish Cups. He also won three Scotland caps, all of them against England between 1932 and 1934. In total he scored 138 goals in 257 league appearances for Rangers", "id": "4895243" }, { "contents": "Thomas Murray (footballer)\n\n\nThomas Murray (7 April 1889 – 1976) was an English professional footballer who played as a inside right. Born in Middlesbrough, Murray spent his early career with Middlesbrough, Aberdeen, Rangers and Heart of Midlothian. At Hearts he scored 12 goals in 28 league games between August 1911 and April 1912. He joined Bradford City in June 1912. He made 6 league appearances for Bradford City, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in February 1914 to join Hull City. For Hull he made a further 2 league appearances", "id": "5167081" }, { "contents": "Ernie Thompson (footballer, born 1909)\n\n\n, scoring once in a 2–2 draw; his only other appearance came a week later in a 1–0 home win over Crewe Alexandra. At the end of the season, Thompson joined Second Division Bristol City, but never made a first-team appearance, instead spending his single season with the club playing in the reserves in both the Western Section of the Southern Football League and the Western Football League First Division. He left before the end of the 1929–30 season in February 1930 to join Bath City, playing for them in the", "id": "16156938" }, { "contents": "Alan Morton\n\n\n\"\" (insurance salesman). Morton had already been capped while an amateur before joining Rangers (making his debut for Scotland on 26 February 1920 against Wales) but would go on to play in every international against the \"Auld Enemy\", England, from 1920 to 1932 bar the fixture at Old Trafford in 1926, eventually winning 31 caps. In addition he made 15 appearances (scoring 1 goal) for the Scottish League XI (making his debut on 22 February 1919 against the Football League at St. Andrews, Birmingham", "id": "6451273" }, { "contents": "Dan Thomson\n\n\nDaniel Thomson (born 10 August 1891 in Dundee) was a Scottish professional footballer. Thomson began his career with Aberdeen before moving on to St Johnstone from where he joined Bristol City in the 1925-26 season. He spent the following season with Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic before joining Torquay United in 1927. He played in United's first match in the Football League, a 1-1 draw with local rivals Exeter City at Plainmoor on 27 August 1927. He played in the next eight games for Torquay before losing his place", "id": "2040384" }, { "contents": "Jack Smith (footballer, born 1895)\n\n\nwinning the Scottish Cup in 1920, including scoring the third goal for Kilmarnock in the final when they defeated his former team, Albion Rovers, 3–2. Following a disagreement with Kilmarnock, Smith joined Cowdenbeath, where during 1921–22, he netted 45 goals as they finished runners-up in Division Two. At the season's end he joined Rangers for £3,000, making his debut at Ibrox Park on 15 August 1922, scoring in a 2–0 victory over Alloa Athletic. He only made two further appearances for Rangers, scoring once", "id": "17284045" }, { "contents": "Peter Thomson (footballer)\n\n\nIn two seasons at Kenilworth Road he made 11 League appearances, scoring 3 goals. Scoring twice against Stoke City in a memorable 3-1 away win. He also played two League games whilst on loan at Rushden & Diamonds, scoring once on his debut. He had a brief spell with Morecambe, scoring against Dagenham & Redbridge on his home debut with an overhead kick. Thomson joined Southport in July 2002. He returned to Lancaster City in December 2003 and enjoyed further success with Stafford Rangers in the summer of 2005.", "id": "8805355" }, { "contents": "John McPherson (footballer, born 1868)\n\n\nMcPherson also won three Scottish Cup medals with Rangers, the first in 1894, where he scored in five of Rangers' six matches, including the 3–1 final win over Celtic at Hampden. McPherson also scored in the 1897 final, where Rangers defeated Dumbarton 5–1. His third Scottish Cup winners medal came a year later, 1898, where Rangers defeated McPherson's former club Kilmarnock 2–0. His final recorded appearance for Rangers was in a 2–0 friendly defeat to Glentoran on 2 April 1902. McPherson was also a Scottish International, winning", "id": "8242049" }, { "contents": "James Cairns (forward)\n\n\nJames Cairns (\"unknown\" – \"unknown\") was a footballer who played at inside right for several English clubs, including Lincoln City and Newton Heath in the late 1890s. Cairns began his football career with Stevenston Thistle in 1895, before moving to Glossop North End. In September 1897, he joined Football League side Lincoln City, but before he made an appearance for the club, he had moved on to Newton Heath in April 1898. It took Cairns six months to make his debut for the Heathens, eventually", "id": "22214514" }, { "contents": "Andy Neil\n\n\nAndrew Neil (18 November 1892 – 14 August 1941) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 328 Football League appearances playing as an inside forward or wing half for Brighton & Hove Albion (two spells), Arsenal and Queens Park Rangers. Neil was born in Crosshouse, near Kilmarnock in Ayrshire. He joined Kilmarnock of Division One from junior club Ardeer Thistle, and made his debut on 12 April 1913 away to Motherwell. He played regularly in his second season, and in 1914–15, his 20 goals placed him sixth in", "id": "2233011" }, { "contents": "Ernest Myers (footballer)\n\n\nErnest Myers, also known as Colin Myers, was an English professional footballer who played as an inside left. Born in Chapeltown, Sheffield, Myers spent his early career with Northfleet, Crystal Palace and Hickleton Main Colliery. He joined Bradford City in April 1914, and made 1 league appearance for the club, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in May 1920 to join Southend United, where he scored 2 goals in 23 league games. He later played for Aberdare Athletic, Northampton Town, Queens Park Rangers, Exeter", "id": "5167086" }, { "contents": "Billy Bennett (footballer, born 1955)\n\n\nthen over a year before Bennett made another senior appearance, when he again scored in a 3–0 Hearts win over Berwick Rangers in the final of the East of Scotland Shield. He made his league debut for Hearts on 16 November 1974 in the 1–3 defeat away at Arbroath. Bennett left Hearts in the summer of 1976 to sign for Third Division outfit Berwick Rangers. In two seasons with The Borderers, he played 69 league matches and scored 8 goals. At the start of the 1978–79 season, Bennett joined Forfar Athletic. He", "id": "17097673" }, { "contents": "Jerome Thomas\n\n\nhe scored a goal in the final over Blackburn Rovers. He was loaned out to Second Division side Queens Park Rangers in the 2001–02 and 2002–03 seasons. He made his debut in the Football League on 30 March 2002, in a 3–2 win over Tranmere Rovers at Prenton Park. He scored his first professional goal on 6 April, the only goal of the game against Swindon Town at the County Ground in a 1–0 win for QPR. During his second loan spell in October 2002, he scored long distance goals away at Cheltenham", "id": "9097657" }, { "contents": "Willie Reid (footballer)\n\n\nEngland with Portsmouth. Reid returned to Scotland in April 1909 when signed by Rangers, where he won three league titles in eleven seasons. He was the club's top scorer for six consecutive seasons, between 1910 and 1916. He received all his caps for Scottish national side while with Rangers. Reid made his Scotland debut in a 2–2 draw with Wales in 1911 and earned his last cap three years later, against England. Reid also represented the Scottish League XI. His football career was interrupted by the First World War,", "id": "15187335" }, { "contents": "Stephen McGinn\n\n\nRangers, where St Mirren won 1–0, the team's first home league win over Rangers in 22 years. McGinn started the 2009–10 season on bench in the Scottish League Cup game but then went on to score on his first start of the season in a 2–1 loss to Hibernian on 15 August 2009. He continued his season with a brace against Kilmarnock at Rugby Park, where The Buddies came from behind to win 2–1. McGinn signed for Watford in January 2010, for an undisclosed fee. He made his first Watford appearance", "id": "14258787" }, { "contents": "Anthony Ralston\n\n\nAnthony Ralston (born 16 November 1998) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Celtic. He also spent several months on loan at Queens Park in 2015 and at Dundee United in 2018. Ralston made his debut for the Celtic first team on 11 May 2016, in a 2–1 defeat against St Johnstone. He scored his first goal for Celtic in a 5–0 Scottish League Cup win over Kilmarnock on 8 August 2017. He made some further appearances early in the 2017–18 season, including a Champions League match against Paris Saint-", "id": "17673352" }, { "contents": "Sam Gallacher\n\n\nSamuel Gallacher (born 23 December 1904) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a centre half. Born in Annbank, Gallacher played for Larkfield Juniors and Cadzow St. Anne's in his native Scotland, before moving to England to join Bradford City in May 1924. For Bradford City he made 40 appearances in the Football League, scoring 2 goals. He left the club in August 1927 to join Crystal Palace. He later played for Lincoln City, making 13 appearances in the Football League as well as one FA Cup appearance", "id": "4883696" }, { "contents": "Julien Rodriguez\n\n\nJulien Rodriguez (born 11 June 1978 in Béziers, France) is a French former professional footballer who played as a defender. Rodriguez started his career at AS Monaco, making 135 appearances for the club and helping them to reach the 2004 Champions League final. He joined Scottish Premier League club Rangers in August 2005 for £1m. He scored his first goal for Rangers on 11 March 2006 in Rangers' 4–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Ibrox Stadium and made a total of 30 appearances in his debut season with the club.", "id": "11830556" }, { "contents": "Mark Williams (Scottish footballer)\n\n\n-year contract by his former St Mirren manager Danny Lennon. Nine days later he made his debut, playing the full 90 minutes as they won 1–0 at Highland League team Brora Rangers in the first round of the Scottish Challenge Cup. On 8 August he played his first league game, a 3–1 loss away to Queen of the South. In February 2016, he moved on loan to Arbroath in Scottish League Two; on 12 March he scored his first career goal to conclude a 3–0 win over East Stirlingshire at Gayfield Park", "id": "15479008" }, { "contents": "Jack Blackman (English footballer)\n\n\nJohn James Blackman (25 November 1912 – 1987) was an English retired professional footballer who played in the Football League for Crystal Palace and Queens Park Rangers as a forward. He also played non-league football for Guildford City. Blackman began his career at Queens Park Rangers and in October 1935, signed for Crystal Palace, then playing in the Football League Third Division South. He made a goal-scoring debut in November in a home 5–0 win against Millwall and went on to make 27 appearances that season scoring 19 times", "id": "13124108" }, { "contents": "Paul Bennett (footballer, born 1961)\n\n\nPaul Bennett (born 30 January 1961) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Port Vale. Bennett was an Everton youth team player before joining Port Vale in September 1978. He made his debut as a substitute in a 1–1 draw with Peterborough United at London Road on 1 November 1980, and three weeks later he scored his first goal in a 4–2 win over Bradford City. He went on to play 26 Fourth Division games in the 1980–81 season, and scored his first goal in the Football League", "id": "4265172" }, { "contents": "Nicol Smith\n\n\nNicol Smith (25 December 1873 – 6 January 1905) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers. Born in Darvel, Ayrshire, Smith played as a fullback for local sides Vale of Irvine, Royal Albert and Darvel, earning junior international selection, before joining Rangers in 1893. He made only two league appearances in his first season at the club, but by 1893–94, he had established himself in the Rangers team, missing just one of the 18 league fixtures. During that season he was also responsible for bringing Alex", "id": "20560230" }, { "contents": "Bill Paterson (footballer, born 1930)\n\n\nthe proceeds adding to the transfer deal. He had a relatively unsuccessful three years on Tyneside and so returned to Scotland to join Rangers for £3,500. His debut came on 13 August 1958 in a 2-1 home league win against Partick Thistle. That was the first of three appearances that he would make that entire season. Overall Paterson did go on to make 116 top team appearances for the club and won two Scottish league championships. He also claimed a Scottish Cup, a Scottish League Cup, a Charity Cup winners", "id": "14236809" }, { "contents": "David McClure (footballer)\n\n\nDavid McClure was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a right-back who had spells in Scotland, Ireland and England. He was born in Slamannan, Stirlingshire, but began his footballing career in Ireland with Glenavon. McClure then returned to Scotland to play Junior league football with Dunipace, before joining Scottish Football League club St Johnstone in 1924. In June 1927, he was signed by Football League Third Division North club Nelson and made his debut for the club on 24 September 1927 in the 2–1 win against Durham City.", "id": "19923020" }, { "contents": "Arthur Adey\n\n\nArthur Lewis Adey (1 March 1930 - January 1994) was a Scottish professional association football player of the 1950s. Born in Glasgow, he was a centre forward and began his professional career with Doncaster Rovers and later played for Gillingham and Bradford Park Avenue. He made 68 appearances in The Football League and scored 15 goals. He signed for Doncaster Rovers in September 1950, following his move from Bishop Auckland and made his professional debut in Division Two on 14 April 1951 against Queens Park Rangers. In 1954, after three more", "id": "17203075" }, { "contents": "Billy Hogg\n\n\nWilliam Hogg (29 May 1879 – 30 January 1937) was an English footballer who played at outside right, winning the Football League championship with Sunderland in 1901–02, before moving to Scotland where he won the Scottish League title three times with Rangers. He also made three appearances for England in 1902. Hogg was born in Sunderland and was playing local football with Willington Athletic when he was spotted by Sunderland where he became a professional in October 1899. He made his debut on 2 December 1899, scoring in a 5–0 victory over", "id": "13514822" }, { "contents": "John Ballantyne (footballer)\n\n\nJohn Ballantyne (30 June 1892 – after 1917) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 20 appearances in the Football League playing for Birmingham and played for Scottish Football League clubs Kilmarnock, Vale of Leven and Rangers. He played as an outside right. Ballantyne was born in Riccarton, Ayrshire. He played for Kilmarnock and Vale of Leven before coming to England to join Football League Second Division club Birmingham in April 1913. He made his debut on 26 April 1913, the last day of the 1912–13 season, in a 2–1", "id": "2299260" }, { "contents": "Liam Burt\n\n\nLiam Burt (born 1 February 1999) is a Scottish footballer who last played for Rangers, as a midfielder. He made his first team debut for Rangers in March 2016, and has also played on loan for Dumbarton and Alloa Athletic. Burt has represented Scotland at various youth levels up to under-21 level. Burt played youth football for Celtic before being released and subsequently joining the Rangers Academy. He made his professional debut for the club aged seventeen during a Scottish Championship match against Raith Rovers on 1 March 2016. A few", "id": "3837470" }, { "contents": "James Hamilton (footballer, born 1901)\n\n\nJames Hamilton (16 June 1901 – 1975) was a Scottish footballer who played for Vale of Clyde, St Mirren, Rangers, Blackpool, Barrow, Armadale and Scotland. He was a full-back. Bargeddie-born Hamilton made his debut for Harry Evans' Blackpool at home to Bristol City on 15 September 1928, six games into their 1928–29 Football League campaign. He made a further 24 League appearances that season as \"the Tangerines\" finished eighth in Division Two. He started the first three League games of the", "id": "1708146" }, { "contents": "John Campbell (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\nJohn William Campbell (2 October 1877 – 20 January 1919) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Linthouse, Partick Thistle, Blackburn Rovers, Rangers, West Ham United, Hibernian and the Scotland national team. He was born in Glasgow and gained the most success in his career with Rangers with whom he won four successive league titles (1898–99, 1899–00, 1900–01 and 1901–02) the first of which Rangers won all 18 of their Scottish league matches. He also represented Scotland at international level, winning four caps and scoring", "id": "13889025" }, { "contents": "Matt Hill (footballer)\n\n\nMatthew Clayton Hill (born 26 March 1981) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for Bradford Park Avenue. Born in Bristol, Hill started his career with Bristol City where he made over 200 appearances. He subsequently joined Preston North End where he also spent a successful spell, playing over 100 times for the Lancashire club. A move to Wolverhampton Wanderers followed but first team opportunities were more limited and he was loaned to Queens Park Rangers before leaving to join Barnsley. After only one season at the South Yorkshire club", "id": "15275700" }, { "contents": "Dennis O'Donnell\n\n\nDennis O'Donnell (q1 1880 – after 1908) was an English professional footballer who scored 41 goals from 167 appearances in the Football League playing as a forward for Lincoln City, Sunderland, Notts County and Bradford Park Avenue. He also played in the Southern League for Queens Park Rangers. O'Donnell was born in Willington Quay, then in Northumberland. He made his debut for Lincoln City on 5 October 1901 in a 2–1 win at home to Middlesbrough in the Football League Second Division, and played for the club until the end of", "id": "1332551" }, { "contents": "William McLachlan (footballer)\n\n\nWilliam McLachlan (born 19 March 1989) is a Scottish footballer currently playing for Irvine Meadow in the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region. He has previously played in the Scottish Football League First Division for Airdrie United and for Australian club Melbourne Knights in the Victorian Premier League. McLachlan began his career with Rangers and appeared for the Scotland U-16 team in a Victory Shield match against Northern Ireland in October 2004. In December 2008, he joined Airdrie United on loan. He made his debut against St Johnstone on 20 December.", "id": "18351658" }, { "contents": "Bruno Andrade (footballer, born 1993)\n\n\njoined Lincoln City for the 2018-19 League Two season for a free transfer on the 24th May 2018. Born in Portugal, Andrade joined the Queens Park Rangers academy at the age of 13. He made his debut for Queens Park Rangers against Preston North End on 20 November 2010. He then made his second appearance for the club against Blackburn Rovers in the FA Cup. He replaced Jamie Mackie who had broken his leg. He made a further two first-team appearances at the beginning of the 2011–12 season, including", "id": "14654306" }, { "contents": "John Walker (footballer, born 1873)\n\n\nscored the winning goal against West Bromwich Albion on the final day of the season to secure the title. Walker played another 18 times for Liverpool in 1901–02 before returning to Scotland to join Rangers, who had just won a fourth successive domestic title but were also facing financial troubles due to the reconstruction work required on their stadium after the recent 1902 Ibrox disaster. He scored at a rate of nearly a goal every two league games over his three seasons with the Glasgow club, and appeared in two further Scottish Cup finals. In", "id": "15474189" }, { "contents": "Charles Dennington\n\n\nCharles Dennington (born 7 October 1899, died 1943) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Beccles, Dennington played for Norwich City, Bradford City and Kirkley. He joined Norwich from his home town club, Beccles Town, and made his debut in a 1-1 draw against Queens Park Rangers in the Third Division (South) in August 1922, establishing himself as the Canaries' first choice ahead of William O'Hagen and Ernest Williamson. He missed just twenty League games over the next five", "id": "8086327" }, { "contents": "Davy McDougall\n\n\nside of 1899–00. He was also with Rangers without apparently making a first team appearance. In summer 1900 he joined Southern League Bristol City from Partick Thistle making his debut at outside left in a 0–2 defeat at Luton Town on 15 September 1900. He made 11 appearances scoring 2 goals playing on both right and left wings in season 1900–01 when Bristol City were runners up in the Southern League. He also played on both wings in 12 Western League games scoring 2 goals. He rejoined Rangers in the summer of 1901 making 4", "id": "20661422" }, { "contents": "Gordon Smith (footballer, born December 1954)\n\n\n. He was sold to Rangers in 1977 for £65,000. In his first season with Rangers, Smith won the domestic treble, scoring 27 goals from midfield. He also scored the winning goal in the 1978 Scottish League Cup Final, against Celtic. He was sold to Brighton & Hove Albion in 1980 for a record transfer fee of £440,000. He returned to Rangers on loan in December 1982, playing in the 1982 League Cup Final defeat by Celtic. Smith made three appearances during his loan spell, without scoring.", "id": "8508165" }, { "contents": "George Stewart (footballer, born 1932)\n\n\nGeorge Stewart (16 November 1932 – 22 May 1998) was a Scottish footballer, who played as a goalkeeper for Petershill Juniors, Raith Rovers, Stirling Albion, Montrose and Bradford City. Born in Larkhall in 1932, Stewart started his career with junior side Petershill. He was capped by the Scotland junior select team while with the club. He joined the senior game when he signed for Raith Rovers in 1952. He made 68 appearances in the Scottish Football League for three clubs in seven seasons, before moving to England to", "id": "22044872" }, { "contents": "Tommy Anderson (footballer)\n\n\nfor a fee of £1,000, but in November the same year he moved to Queen's Park Rangers. He had only played five league games for Bournemouth, scoring once. He went on to score 3 times in 10 league games for Rangers in the 1958–59 season. He moved again in July 1959, signing for Torquay United. He made his debut on 22 August 1959, the first day of the 1959–60 season, in a 2–1 home win against Doncaster Rovers. In his season with Torquay he played in nine league", "id": "2845776" }, { "contents": "Richard Edghill\n\n\nof Sun Jihai served to further limit Richard's opportunities at the club and he was released at the end of the 2001–02 promotion winning campaign, having made a total of 207 appearances for the club in nine years. Following his release Edghill had short unsuccessful spells with Wigan Athletic and Sheffield United before joining Queens Park Rangers in August 2003. In the 2005 close season Edghill joined Bradford City on a free transfer. At Bradford he scored twice; against Tranmere Rovers in the league and Barnsley in the FA Cup. He was one", "id": "9473165" }, { "contents": "John Blackwood (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\n, who then sold him to Football League Second Division club Woolwich Arsenal. After joining Woolwich Arsenal in May 1900, Blackwood scored on his debut, in a 2–1 win over Gainsborough Trinity on the opening day of the 1900–01 season. This was to be his only season with the club; he scored six goals in 17 league appearances. He also scored during his one appearance in the FA Cup, against Darwen on 5 January 1901. He left for Reading in May 1901. In November 1902, Blackwood joined Queens Park Rangers", "id": "4952881" }, { "contents": "David Amoo\n\n\nRobinson's first-team however, and made just two further substitute appeareances at Stadium MK before returning to Anfield on 23 February. On 28 February, he joined Championship side Hull City on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. He made his \"Tigers\" debut coming on as a replacement for Jay Simpson in a 1–0 win at Nottingham Forest on 5 March. He scored his first goal in senior football in a 1–1 draw at Queens Park Rangers on 25 April. Unable to break into Nigel Pearson's first-", "id": "5142268" }, { "contents": "Chris Brandon\n\n\nin Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, on 7 April 1976. He attended Yorkshire Martyrs Collegiate School in Bradford and supported the city's Football League team Bradford City. Brandon started his football career as a trainee for Bradford City, but he was dropped by their academy and joined non-league side Bradford Park Avenue. He later played for Farsley Celtic before joining Stafford Rangers. He played 32 times for Rangers over two seasons before returning to play for Bradford Park Avenue. In his two spells with Park Avenue, Brandon played", "id": "14931377" }, { "contents": "Sam Charnley\n\n\nSamuel \"Sam\" Charnley (18 November 1902 – 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for Wolverhampton Wanderers in the Football League. Born in Craigneuk, a suburb of Wishaw, North Lanarkshire, Charnley played for Burnbank Athletic before joining Wolverhampton Wanderers of the Football League Second Division in January 1925. He made his debut on 12 September 1925 in a 4–1 win against Portsmouth. After making 55 appearances in total, scoring once, he joined Midland League team York City in August 1928. He captained York in the 1928–29 season", "id": "10736957" }, { "contents": "Sébastien Faure (footballer)\n\n\n. Faure joined Rangers on a three-year deal pending international clearance on 21 August 2012. After the move, Faure says he joined Rangers because Manager Ally McCoist persuaded him to join. He made his debut against First Division side Falkirk in the Scottish League Cup on 30 August 2012. It was on 23 February 2013, when Faure scored his first ever senior goal. This came whilst playing Third Division Berwick Rangers and it contributed to a 3–1 win away from home. Faure had his first run out of the season in", "id": "5596733" }, { "contents": "Dave MacFarlane\n\n\nDave MacFarlane (16 January 1967 – 30 October 2013) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Kilmarnock. MacFarlane began his career with Ayr United Boys Club before joining Rangers. Whilst at Ibrox he made seven league appearances and picked up a winner's medal in October 1986 when he came on as a second-half substitute in Rangers 2-1 win over Celtic in the Scottish League Cup Final. MacFarlane also had loan spells with Kilmarnock and Dundee, before joining the former on a permanent", "id": "7049582" }, { "contents": "Rocco Quinn\n\n\nAugust 2009. His league debut was the 1–1 home draw a week later against Raith Rovers. He scored league goals that season in games against Ayr United, Partick Thistle and a double against Greenock Morton. The Palmerston Park side ended the season in fifth place. He also played on 23 September 2009 in the 2–1 home League Cup defeat against Rangers. In total Quinn made 35 competitive first team appearances in his first season. The QoS website confirmed on 18 June 2011 that Quinn had left and signed for Ross County. In", "id": "16760979" }, { "contents": "Tommy Kelso\n\n\nTommy Kelso (6 May 1882-29 January 1974) was a Scottish footballer who played as a full back for Manchester City between 1906 and 1911. Kelso started his career at Third Lanark before signing for Manchester City in 1906. He made his debut for Manchester City in September 1906 in a 4-1 defeat against Arsenal. He made 139 league appearances for Manchester City and scored 3 goals. He subsequently returned to Scotland and played for Dundee, Rangers and Dumbarton. He won one Scotland cap in 1914 in a 0", "id": "5742448" }, { "contents": "Luke Freeman\n\n\nLeague Trophy and League One titles during his first season with the team. He spent two-and-a-half years at Bristol City before joining Queens Park Rangers in January 2017. Freeman began his career at Charlton Athletic, joining the club's academy in 2001 after being scouted playing Sunday league youth football. He spent two years at Charlton before being released \"for being too small\". Following his release from Charlton, Freeman joined Gillingham at the age of 11. He made his first-team debut for Gillingham", "id": "8315727" }, { "contents": "David Provan (footballer, born 1941)\n\n\nDavid Provan (11 March 1941 – 26 November 2016) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for Rangers, Crystal Palace, Plymouth Argyle and St Mirren. Provan also played for Scotland and the Scottish League XI. Provan was a product of the Rangers youth team and played as a full back. He made his debut on 27 December 1958, in a league match away to Third Lanark which Rangers won 3-2. He helped the club win a domestic treble in 1963–4 and played in the 1967 European Cup Winners", "id": "926204" }, { "contents": "Neil Danns\n\n\ndeal. He had rejected an offer from Scottish Premier League club Rangers. Danns made his Leicester City debut, where he started the whole game, in a 1–0 win over Coventry City in the opening game of the season. He scored his first goal for Leicester City on 23 August 2011 in a 4–2 away win against Bury in the League Cup. Danns soon became a first team regular for the side at the start of the season, finding himself rotated. He scored his first league goal for the club against Blackpool in", "id": "141524" }, { "contents": "Billy Blunt\n\n\nWilliam Blunt (5 August 1886 – 1962) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Wolverhampton Wanderers and Bristol Rovers. Blunt joined Second Division Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1908 from nearby non-league side Stafford Rangers. He made his Football League debut on 28 November 1908 in a 1–2 defeat at Oldham Athletic. He scored two in his second appearance (against Clapton Orient) and ended the season with 8 goals. The 1909–10 campaign saw him score 27 goals, making him the club's top goalscorer for the season", "id": "5433307" }, { "contents": "Gordon Ashcroft\n\n\nGordon Aschroft (7 September 1902 – after 1930) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Lea, Lancashire, he played for Coppull Central before joining Football League First Division side Burnley in November 1925. He made his debut for the club on 7 December 1925 in the 3–1 win against Birmingham at Turf Moor. Ashcroft failed to make another first-team appearance for Burnley and was released at the end of the 1926–27 season. In August 1927 he signed for Burscough Rangers, and then played for", "id": "5652868" }, { "contents": "Raul Correia\n\n\ngoal for Guiseley on 16 September in a 1–1 draw away to Wrexham after guiding Will Hatfield's deflected shot from distance past goalkeeper Luke Coddington. Correia made his final appearance in a 4–0 defeat away to Tranmere Rovers on 30 December, and returned to his parent club two days later. On 11 January 2018, Correia joined National League North club York City on loan for the remainder of the season. Two days later, he made his debut by starting in a 2–1 home win against Bradford Park Avenue. He scored his first", "id": "12088537" }, { "contents": "Bobby Main\n\n\nRobert Frame Main (10 February 1909 – 30 March 1985) was a Scottish professional football player, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Main began his career at local team Baillieston Juniors and joined Rangers in 1929, initially as understudy to Sandy Archibald. He was in and out of the side for four years before becoming a regular in 1933. During his spell at the club he won two Scottish league championships, two Scottish Cups, three Glasgow Cups and two Charity Cups. He made 158 appearances for Rangers", "id": "12825737" }, { "contents": "Ian McColl\n\n\nfinal appearance for Rangers was in the 1960 Scottish Cup Final, a 2–0 win against Kilmarnock. He made a total of 526 appearances for the Glasgow club. He also won 14 caps for Scotland and represented the Scottish League XI. After his playing career, he quickly went into management. He was appointed manager of Scotland in 1960 and enjoyed a winning start, beating Northern Ireland 5–2 at Hampden Park. Under McColl's managership, Scotland won British Home Championships in 1962 and 1963. The team beat England 2–0 at Hampden and", "id": "14525157" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Sharp\n\n\nyear later, in 1905 he was snapped up by Woolwich Arsenal of the First Division and promptly became a regular in the side after making his debut against Liverpool on 2 September 1905. He missed only three league games in his first season and reached the FA Cup semi-finals twice in his first two seasons. At Arsenal Sharp also won another three Scotland caps, before Rangers prised him away in April 1908 for £400. In total he played 116 games for Arsenal, scoring 5 goals. His spell at Rangers only", "id": "17959164" }, { "contents": "Craig Beattie\n\n\nplayed a competitive game in two months he missed the game against Dundee United on 25 February as was not match fit. After scoring twice in a bounce game, he made his debut as a substitute on 3 March against Rangers in a 2–1 win at Ibrox. He scored his first goal for Hearts in a 2–2 draw with St Mirren in the Scottish Cup 6th round at Tynecaste on 10 March. He had a second goal in the same match wrongfully ruled out for offside. In just his second league appearance for the club", "id": "12813032" }, { "contents": "Vladimír Weiss (footballer, born 1989)\n\n\nsubstitute. On 19 August 2010, Weiss joined Scottish side Rangers on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. Prior to signing for Rangers, Weiss rejected a move to their city rivals Celtic. He made his Rangers debut against Hibernian at Easter Road on 22 August coming on as a substitute for James Beattie, setting up the second goal with Rangers going on to win 3–0. He scored his first goal for Rangers in a 4–1 home win against Motherwell and five days later made his Champions League debut against Valencia, providing", "id": "535578" }, { "contents": "Ralph Brand\n\n\nplayed his last match for Rangers on 23 April 1965 when he scored the only goal in a 1–0 win over Third Lanark in the final League game of the season. Brand was sold to Manchester City in August that year for £30,000. Two years later he moved to Sunderland before returning to Scottish football at Raith Rovers (managed by his friend Jimmy Millar). He retired in 1970, although he would come out of retirement to play a handful of matches for Hamilton Academical in 1971–72. Brand played for Scotland eight times", "id": "16219219" } ]

[ { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nTommy Cairns (30 October 1890 – 30 November 1967) was a Scottish footballer who played for Bristol City, Peebles Rovers, St Johnstone, Rangers, Bradford City and Scotland. Born in Merryton, Lanarkshire, Cairns made his name in Junior football, helping Burnbank Athletic to the Scottish Junior Cup in 1911. He also appeared for Larkhall Thistle before earning an opportunity in the senior leagues. His first professional club was Bristol City where he played for two seasons from 1911. He joined Peebles Rovers in 1913 and had a short", "id": "21330844" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nan ever-present and scored 11 goals. Cairns enjoyed further League title successes in 1919–20, 1920–21, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1924–25 and 1926–27 before joining Bradford City in 1927. His final Rangers appearance was in a 2–1 win over Queen's Park on 1 March 1927. In his time with Bradford he made 135 appearances and won a Division Three North medal in 1929. He retired from football in 1932 and later worked as a scout for Arsenal. Cairns was also capped at international level, making eight Scotland appearances. He", "id": "21330846" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nspell with St Johnstone before joining Rangers in November 1913. He made his debut against Hamilton Academical on 27 December 1913 and played a total of nine games in his first season as Rangers finished second to rivals Celtic in Division One. Cairns was a regular in the Rangers team the following season, missing just one league game. He continued to be a regular in the team for the next two seasons but it was in season 1917–18 that he won his first League title (Rangers' first for five years). Cairns was", "id": "21330845" }, { "contents": "Kevin Cairns (footballer)\n\n\nin September 1960, making his debut that month in a Scottish Football League match against St Johnstone. After being a first team regular in his first season, Cairns made only one appearance in 1961–62 and was given a free transfer by Dundee United in May 1962. He signed for Southport in August 1962, going on to make 206 appearances in the Football League over the next six years. He then played non-league football for Wigan Athletic, where he played four games in the Cheshire League, and made a further five", "id": "20271756" }, { "contents": "Sandy Archibald\n\n\nRangers won the League title for the first time in 5 seasons. Archibald went on to win thirteen league titles in his seventeen seasons with the Glasgow club. He also won three Scottish Cup medals, the first of which was Rangers' first in 25 years and Archibald scored twice in the final as Rangers defeated Celtic 4–0 at Hampden. His final appearance for Rangers was in a 1–1 draw away to Queen's Park on 30 April 1934. He made 580 appearances for Rangers. Archibald won a total of 8 caps for Scotland", "id": "9747370" }, { "contents": "Arthur Dixon (footballer, born 1892)\n\n\nfirst goal for the club on 8 March 1919 in a 3–0 league win against Hamilton Academical. He enjoyed a benefit match at Ibrox Park on 10 September 1923. A crowd of 10,000 watched Rangers draw 1–1 with Liverpool. The Rangers side was: Hamilton (goalkeeper), Manderson, Meiklejohn, Dixon, McCandless, Archibald, Muirhead, Morton, Hansen, Cairns. The goalscorer for Rangers was Hansen. In total he made 361 appearances (326 league and 35 Scottish Cup) for the club. He scored eight goals (", "id": "11923821" }, { "contents": "Bert Manderson\n\n\nBert Manderson (9 May 1893 – 27 April 1946) was an Irish footballer, who played for Rangers and Ireland. Manderson, a right-back, made his Rangers debut in a 1-1 draw with Aberdeen on 27 March 1915. He had joined Rangers from Glenavon for £150. He previously had spells at Cliftonville and Belfast Celtic. He went on to make 370 league appearances (452 in total) in 12 seasons with the club, winning seven Scottish league titles. Manderson left Rangers to join Bradford Park", "id": "21502381" }, { "contents": "Archie Devine\n\n\nScotland, but he never played for the national side again. He also made one appearance for the Scottish League XI in that season, in a 3–2 win against the English Football League XI. In April 1910 he moved south of the border to Bradford City, and was part of the side that won the 1911 FA Cup Final against Newcastle United. He stayed at Bradford for nearly three years before joining Woolwich Arsenal. He made his debut for Arsenal against Chelsea on 15 February 1913, and was part of the team that", "id": "20302147" }, { "contents": "James Stewart (footballer, born 1883)\n\n\nhe played in the losing side in the final against Bradford City. He made his third, and final, England appearance against Scotland on 1 April 1911 and again scored in a 1–1 draw. All three of his international appearances thus ended 1–1. He continued to be a regular member of the Newcastle side until he was sold to Rangers in 1913 for £600. In his Newcastle career he made a total of 138 appearances with 53 goals. In May 1914 he returned to his native north-east, and non-", "id": "11906121" }, { "contents": "George Waddell\n\n\nGeorge Barr Waddell (29 November 1888 – 17 September 1966) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Scottish Football League for Rangers and in the Football League in England for Bradford City, Preston North End, Oldham Athletic, Birmingham and New Brighton. He played as a wing half. Waddell was born in Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire. He began his football career in junior football before joining Rangers in 1909. He made his debut in Division One on 26 April 1909 in a 3–2 defeat to Queen's Park. Over the", "id": "656965" }, { "contents": "Andrew Shinnie\n\n\ninternational debut for Scotland in November 2012, in a 2–1 win over Luxembourg. Shinnie made his first team debut for Rangers on 17 March 2007, coming on as a substitute for Dado Pršo in a Scottish Premier League match against Aberdeen. On the same day, he scored two goals for Rangers' under-19 team against St Mirren under-19s. In April, he scored the first goal in the 5–0 win over rivals Celtic as Rangers won the 2007 Scottish Youth Cup Final. He went on to sign a new three-year professional", "id": "14751617" }, { "contents": "Bobby McKean\n\n\nRobert Munro McKean (8 December 1952 – 15 March 1978) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for St Mirren and Rangers. He appeared in one full international match for Scotland, in 1976. McKean started his career at local club Blantyre Victoria before moving to St Mirren in 1969. After five seasons in Paisley he joined Rangers for £50,000 in September 1974. He enjoyed a successful spell in Govan and won the league twice in his first two seasons. He was also part of the 1976 Scottish Cup Final winning", "id": "303577" }, { "contents": "Andy Cunningham (footballer)\n\n\n1918–19. In total, he made 389 appearances and scored 182 goals for Rangers. He won 7 League titles and played in Rangers' famous 1928 Scottish Cup final triumph where they defeated Celtic 4–0 to win their first Scottish Cup in 25 years. Cunningham was also capped at international level, playing 12 times for Scotland and scoring 5 goals. He lost just one of his 12 games for Scotland. Cunningham also represented the Scottish League XI 10 times. Cunningham moved to Newcastle United in 1928, becoming the then oldest player to", "id": "19975016" }, { "contents": "Archie Mitchell (footballer)\n\n\nthe team win the Birmingham & District League title in the 1905–06 and 1906–07 seasons. Mitchell departed Villa in 1907. On 2 May 1907, Mitchell joined Southern League First Division club Queens Park Rangers. He had a good start to his career with the Hoops, winning the 1907–08 First Division title in his debut season. A further First Division title was won in 1911–12, with the Charity Shield being lost 2–1 to Football League First Division champions Blackburn Rovers. He remained with Queens Park Rangers through to 1921 and finally made his", "id": "9272843" }, { "contents": "James Bowie (footballer)\n\n\nJames Bowie (9 July 1888 – 7 August 1972) was a Scottish football player and football administrator, who played for and was chairman of Rangers. He began his career at Maryhill Juniors and joined Rangers in December 1910 from Queen's Park. He made his debut against Falkirk on 10 December 1910. During his time at the club he won six League championships and played in a total of 351 competitive games, scoring 70 goals. Bowie won two Scotland caps in 1920, and also played in three wartime internationals in 1919", "id": "4895542" }, { "contents": "James Vaughan (footballer, born 1988)\n\n\n. He made his second debut for the club in the 1–0 defeat by Nottingham Forest on 3 August. After scoring two goals in the League Cup win over Bradford City on 6 August, he scored his first league goal on his return in the 1–1 draw with Queens Park Rangers on 10 August. On 24 August, he scored a hat-trick in a 5–1 win against A.F.C. Bournemouth. Vaughan joined fellow Championship club Birmingham City on 26 November 2015, on loan until 2 January 2016. He made his debut as a", "id": "14499593" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Smith (footballer, born 1911)\n\n\ncontinued their dominance of Scottish football. Smith also collected his first Scottish Cup medal, scoring in a 5-0 defeat of St Mirren in the final at Hampden. Success for Smith and Rangers continued. The League title was again won in 1934–35 with Smith scoring 43 goals in 38 matches, including 6 in a 7-1 defeat of Dunfermline Athletic. He also collected his second Scottish Cup medal, scoring twice in the 2-1 against Hamilton Academical in the final. Rangers went on to win two of the next", "id": "14794886" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\na 4–2 win over Motherwell at the start of the 1946–47 season. He made a total of 13 league appearances in his first season, including a 4–1 win over Hamilton Academical in the last match, as Rangers beat Hibernian to clinch the League title. In the following season, 1947–48, Cox was an ever present as Rangers finished second to Hibs in the league, and won the Scottish Cup after a 1–0 win over Greenock Morton. Cox also netted his first Rangers goal during the season, scoring in a 2–1 win over", "id": "14907540" }, { "contents": "Andrew Little (footballer)\n\n\nas making one appearance for the \"B\" team, he won his first senior cap in March 2009, and appeared nine times in total. A former Ballinamallard United player, he moved from Northern Ireland to Scotland in 2006 to join the Rangers Academy. He scored for the \"Gers\" in the club's Scottish Youth Cup final victory over Old Firm rival's Celtic at Hampden Park in 2008. That season he also helped the club to top the SPFL Development League. He made his senior debut as a substitute for", "id": "5532587" }, { "contents": "Jim Eadie\n\n\nJames Eadie (born 4 February 1947) is a Scottish former professional footballer. During his career, he made over 200 appearances in the Football League in spells with Cardiff City, Chester and Bristol Rovers. Eadie began his career at Rangers but never made a first team appearance for the club, moving to Dumbarton where he played a handful of matches before joining Kirkintilloch Rob Roy. It wasn't until he moved south to play in The Football League that he began to play regular football. He signed for Cardiff City in 1969", "id": "15683889" }, { "contents": "Andrew McAtee\n\n\nconscripted in 1917 and served in Italy. On returning to Scotland McAtee resumed his successful football career with Celtic, participating in two further league title-winning seasons for a total of six. He also featured in a further Scottish Cup victory in 1923, twelve years after his first in 1911, and won four Glasgow Cups, scoring the winning goal against Clyde in the 1920-21 final. He made one appearance for Scotland in 1913 versus Wales but was selected more frequently for the Scottish League XI, playing in seven games", "id": "872940" }, { "contents": "Bobby Russell (footballer, born 1957)\n\n\nRobert Russell (born 11 February 1957 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Russell joined Rangers from Shettleston Juniors in 1977 and made his first team debut against Aberdeen on 13 August that year, aged only 20. The game ended in a 3–1 defeat, however Rangers went on to win the treble that season and Russell cemented his place on the right side of the midfield. He made 370 appearances for the club and won a league championship, two Scottish Cups", "id": "82295" }, { "contents": "Aaron Ramsey\n\n\nMifsud. On 26 April, he scored his first league goal in a 3–3 draw against Burnley. He went on to make his first career league start three weeks later in a 3–1 win over Queens Park Rangers and began to establish himself in the first team, making several more starts in the Cardiff side. He made a total of 22 appearances during the season, his first full season of professional football, and played in five of the club's six FA Cup matches, including the final, becoming the second youngest player", "id": "12732777" }, { "contents": "Daniel Bruce (footballer)\n\n\nCup Final against Queen's Park. The final as scheduled finished as a 1–1 draw; in the replay, Bruce opened the scoring for Vale of Leven but Queen's came back to win 2–1. Soon afterwards, and while still a teenager, Bruce was capped for Scotland. His first and what turned out to be only international appearance came on 22 March 1890 against Wales in the British Home Championship; Scotland won 5–0. He moved to Rangers in 1891 and played four games in the Scottish Football League at the start of", "id": "4264595" }, { "contents": "Joe Hutton (footballer)\n\n\nJoseph \"Joe\" Hutton (18 November 1927 – April 1999) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Gillingham, Millwall, Reading and Stoke City. Hutton was born in Dundee and began his career in England with Reading. He only made eight appearances for the \"Royals\" before going back to Scotland to play for Ayr United. He and Ayr team-mate Bobby Cairns joined Stoke City in 1953. Hutton made an instant impact at the Victoria Ground scoring in his first three matches for the club", "id": "8572530" }, { "contents": "Alex Venters\n\n\nAlexander Venters (9 June 1913 – 30 April 1959) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Cowdenbeath, Rangers and Scotland. Alex Venters, an inside forward, joined Rangers in November 1933 after his first club Cowdenbeath. He spent a total of 13 years at Ibrox Park, winning three Scottish league titles (1935, 1937 and 1939), two Scottish Cups (1935, 1936) and scoring 102 goals in 201 appearances. 18 of these 102 goals came against Celtic in various competitions. In the last season before", "id": "9812289" }, { "contents": "Matt Fry\n\n\nreturned to West Ham having made 32 appearances, scoring one goal, for Charlton. Fry had his contract cancelled by mutual consent with West Ham on 2 February 2012 allowing him to seek first-team football on a regular basis. On 10 February 2012, Fry joined League Two club Bradford City on a free transfer. He made his debut in a 1–1 draw at home to Port Vale on 14 February 2012, in which he played 79 minutes before being substituted. After leaving Bradford, Fry played for Concord Rangers, helping", "id": "20258156" }, { "contents": "Alex Bennett (footballer)\n\n\nand also worked as a sports journalist. He died in Glasgow in 1940. Bennett was capped eleven times for Scotland, gaining three caps while at Celtic and the remaining eight while at Rangers. He made his Scotland debut against Wales in March 1904 and scored his first international goal, again against Wales, four years later. He scored his second international goal in his final Scotland appearance, against Ireland in March 1913. He also appeared ten times in representative matches for the Scottish Football League. At the age of 39 he", "id": "7795002" }, { "contents": "Robert Campbell (footballer, born 1882)\n\n\nRobert Campbell (1882 – 13 March 1931) was a Scottish footballer who played for Partick Thistle, Rangers, Millwall Athletic and Bradford City. He was a full back who won the 1911 FA Cup with Bradford. Born in Lugar in 1882, Campbell started his football career with Partick Thistle, with whom he won a Scottish League representative honour, before moving to Rangers in 1903. He played for Rangers until 1905, making nine appearances and scoring once before he moved to England and Millwall Athletic in the Southern League. He", "id": "15446261" }, { "contents": "Matthew Dickie\n\n\nMatthew Dickie (19 August 1873 – 30 December 1959) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Rangers. Dickie made his Rangers debut against St Mirren in a 5-1 home win at Ibrox on 15 August 1896. He played 126 league matches from a possible 132 in an amazing spell during his time at the club. He went on to make 175 first class appearances in total. Dickie won four League championships, 3 Scottish Cups, 5 Glasgow Cups and represented Scotland three times.", "id": "4766083" }, { "contents": "Michael O'Halloran (footballer)\n\n\nwin over Forfar Athletic. He scored again in Saints' final home game of the season, to conclude a 3–3 draw with former club Celtic. O'Halloran won the Scottish Premiership player of the month award for November 2015. St Johnstone rejected two bids from Rangers for O'Halloran in January 2016. Manager Tommy Wright then left O'Halloran out of their following league game, saying that O'Halloran was not \"mentally ready\" to play. O'Halloran made his final appearance for the club in a 2–1 defeat to Hibernian in the Scottish League Cup semi", "id": "9744181" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Millar (footballer, born 1870)\n\n\ntwo different spells: 1890–96 (winning three Football League championships in four seasons) and 1900–04 (claiming a fourth title), separated by a stint in his homeland at Rangers where he won two Scottish Football League titles and two Scottish Cups. Overall he made 260 appearances for Sunderland, scoring 123 goals. At the time of his death he was the trainer for Chelsea. Millar was capped for Scotland three times between 1897 and 1898 during his time with Rangers, scoring twice, both in matches against England; his first was", "id": "14464136" }, { "contents": "Joe Hendry\n\n\nJoe Hendry was a Scottish football player. Hendry played for Rangers, Greenock Morton and St Johnstone amongst other clubs during his career. Hendry began playing football with Maryhill FC. He joined Greenock Morton in 1907 and stayed there for two years before signing for Rangers. Hendry made his debut in a 1–0 win at home on 23 April 1910 against Clyde and during his eight-year spell with the club Hendry made 147 appearances and scored 7 goals. After leaving Rangers he had spells with Dumbarton, Third Lanark, St Johnstone and", "id": "17804993" }, { "contents": "Gordon Rae\n\n\nGordon Rae (born 3 May 1958) is a retired Scottish footballer, who played mainly as a defender for Hibernian, Partick Thistle, Hamilton Academical and Meadowbank Thistle. He also played sometimes as a centre forward, scoring over 50 goals in the Scottish Football League in his career. Rae signed for Hibernian as a 17-year-old from Whitehill Welfare in 1975. He made his first team debut two years later, and scored in a 2–0 win against Rangers at Ibrox in his second appearance. He became club captain, appeared", "id": "6510043" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Johnstone\n\n\narrival at Celtic, Stein had doubts about Johnstone, considering him too much of an individual player, to the overall detriment of the team, and he left him out of the team for the 1965 Scottish Cup Final. Johnstone soon won Stein round with his skill, and won his first winner's medal on 23 October 1965 when he played in Celtic's 2–1 win over Rangers in the Scottish League Cup Final. His 32 league appearances and nine goals that season helped Celtic win their first league title in 12 years. Johnstone", "id": "811424" }, { "contents": "Eddie Rutherford\n\n\nEdward 'Eddie' Rutherford (8 February 1921 – 29 August 2007) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers, Hearts and Scotland. Born in Govan, Scotland, Rutherford joined Rangers from Mossvale in 1941 but during the Second World War he was posted to England so he guested for Lincoln City and Bradford City. He played three games for Bradford in 1944–45 in the Football League War Cup North section. After he had completed his service, Rutherford returned to Rangers and made his first appearance for the club on 19 October", "id": "14506034" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\n1954 Cox played his last match for Scotland, as he captained the team at Hampden in a 4–2 defeat by England in front on 134,544 spectators. 1954–55 was Cox's last season at Rangers as he made only 15 first-team appearances. He made his final Rangers appearance in a 2–1 defeat to Aberdeen on 19 February 1955. Cox made a total of 370 appearances for Rangers, won 25 caps for Scotland and 13 caps for the Scottish League XI. After his Rangers career, Cox had a spell with East Fife before", "id": "14907543" }, { "contents": "Gary Warren (footballer)\n\n\ngame of the season, Warren made his debut in a 2–2 draw against St Mirren. Two-months later on 22 December 2012, he scored his first goal for Inverness in a 4–1 win over Dundee. In the quarter-final of the Scottish League Cup, he scored his second goal for Inverness in a 3–0 win over Rangers, helping the club to reach the semi-final. In the first part of the season, Warren and his teammates struggled as the club found themselves near the foot of the table,", "id": "16107731" }, { "contents": "Ronnie McKinnon\n\n\nRonald McKinnon (born 20 August 1940 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who played for Rangers and the Scotland national team. MacKinnon, a defender, made his Rangers debut against Hearts on 8 March 1961 in a 3–0 win at Ibrox. He went on to make 473 appearances for Rangers between 1961 and 1972, winning two League championships, four Scottish Cups, three League Cups and a Cup Winners' Cup. He also won a total of 28 caps for Scotland, making his debut in the famous 1", "id": "19851592" }, { "contents": "James Marshall (footballer, born 1908)\n\n\nDr James Marshall (3 January 1908 — 27 December 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for both Rangers and Arsenal as well as the Scotland national side. He played as an inside forward. Marshall was born in Avonbridge, Stirlingshire and joined Rangers from Shettleston in 1925. During his nine-year spell at Ibrox he amassed five League championships and three Scottish Cups. He also won three Scotland caps, all of them against England between 1932 and 1934. In total he scored 138 goals in 257 league appearances for Rangers", "id": "4895243" }, { "contents": "Thomas Murray (footballer)\n\n\nThomas Murray (7 April 1889 – 1976) was an English professional footballer who played as a inside right. Born in Middlesbrough, Murray spent his early career with Middlesbrough, Aberdeen, Rangers and Heart of Midlothian. At Hearts he scored 12 goals in 28 league games between August 1911 and April 1912. He joined Bradford City in June 1912. He made 6 league appearances for Bradford City, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in February 1914 to join Hull City. For Hull he made a further 2 league appearances", "id": "5167081" }, { "contents": "Ernie Thompson (footballer, born 1909)\n\n\n, scoring once in a 2–2 draw; his only other appearance came a week later in a 1–0 home win over Crewe Alexandra. At the end of the season, Thompson joined Second Division Bristol City, but never made a first-team appearance, instead spending his single season with the club playing in the reserves in both the Western Section of the Southern Football League and the Western Football League First Division. He left before the end of the 1929–30 season in February 1930 to join Bath City, playing for them in the", "id": "16156938" }, { "contents": "Alan Morton\n\n\n\"\" (insurance salesman). Morton had already been capped while an amateur before joining Rangers (making his debut for Scotland on 26 February 1920 against Wales) but would go on to play in every international against the \"Auld Enemy\", England, from 1920 to 1932 bar the fixture at Old Trafford in 1926, eventually winning 31 caps. In addition he made 15 appearances (scoring 1 goal) for the Scottish League XI (making his debut on 22 February 1919 against the Football League at St. Andrews, Birmingham", "id": "6451273" }, { "contents": "Dan Thomson\n\n\nDaniel Thomson (born 10 August 1891 in Dundee) was a Scottish professional footballer. Thomson began his career with Aberdeen before moving on to St Johnstone from where he joined Bristol City in the 1925-26 season. He spent the following season with Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic before joining Torquay United in 1927. He played in United's first match in the Football League, a 1-1 draw with local rivals Exeter City at Plainmoor on 27 August 1927. He played in the next eight games for Torquay before losing his place", "id": "2040384" }, { "contents": "Jack Smith (footballer, born 1895)\n\n\nwinning the Scottish Cup in 1920, including scoring the third goal for Kilmarnock in the final when they defeated his former team, Albion Rovers, 3–2. Following a disagreement with Kilmarnock, Smith joined Cowdenbeath, where during 1921–22, he netted 45 goals as they finished runners-up in Division Two. At the season's end he joined Rangers for £3,000, making his debut at Ibrox Park on 15 August 1922, scoring in a 2–0 victory over Alloa Athletic. He only made two further appearances for Rangers, scoring once", "id": "17284045" }, { "contents": "Peter Thomson (footballer)\n\n\nIn two seasons at Kenilworth Road he made 11 League appearances, scoring 3 goals. Scoring twice against Stoke City in a memorable 3-1 away win. He also played two League games whilst on loan at Rushden & Diamonds, scoring once on his debut. He had a brief spell with Morecambe, scoring against Dagenham & Redbridge on his home debut with an overhead kick. Thomson joined Southport in July 2002. He returned to Lancaster City in December 2003 and enjoyed further success with Stafford Rangers in the summer of 2005.", "id": "8805355" }, { "contents": "John McPherson (footballer, born 1868)\n\n\nMcPherson also won three Scottish Cup medals with Rangers, the first in 1894, where he scored in five of Rangers' six matches, including the 3–1 final win over Celtic at Hampden. McPherson also scored in the 1897 final, where Rangers defeated Dumbarton 5–1. His third Scottish Cup winners medal came a year later, 1898, where Rangers defeated McPherson's former club Kilmarnock 2–0. His final recorded appearance for Rangers was in a 2–0 friendly defeat to Glentoran on 2 April 1902. McPherson was also a Scottish International, winning", "id": "8242049" }, { "contents": "James Cairns (forward)\n\n\nJames Cairns (\"unknown\" – \"unknown\") was a footballer who played at inside right for several English clubs, including Lincoln City and Newton Heath in the late 1890s. Cairns began his football career with Stevenston Thistle in 1895, before moving to Glossop North End. In September 1897, he joined Football League side Lincoln City, but before he made an appearance for the club, he had moved on to Newton Heath in April 1898. It took Cairns six months to make his debut for the Heathens, eventually", "id": "22214514" }, { "contents": "Andy Neil\n\n\nAndrew Neil (18 November 1892 – 14 August 1941) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 328 Football League appearances playing as an inside forward or wing half for Brighton & Hove Albion (two spells), Arsenal and Queens Park Rangers. Neil was born in Crosshouse, near Kilmarnock in Ayrshire. He joined Kilmarnock of Division One from junior club Ardeer Thistle, and made his debut on 12 April 1913 away to Motherwell. He played regularly in his second season, and in 1914–15, his 20 goals placed him sixth in", "id": "2233011" }, { "contents": "Ernest Myers (footballer)\n\n\nErnest Myers, also known as Colin Myers, was an English professional footballer who played as an inside left. Born in Chapeltown, Sheffield, Myers spent his early career with Northfleet, Crystal Palace and Hickleton Main Colliery. He joined Bradford City in April 1914, and made 1 league appearance for the club, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in May 1920 to join Southend United, where he scored 2 goals in 23 league games. He later played for Aberdare Athletic, Northampton Town, Queens Park Rangers, Exeter", "id": "5167086" }, { "contents": "Billy Bennett (footballer, born 1955)\n\n\nthen over a year before Bennett made another senior appearance, when he again scored in a 3–0 Hearts win over Berwick Rangers in the final of the East of Scotland Shield. He made his league debut for Hearts on 16 November 1974 in the 1–3 defeat away at Arbroath. Bennett left Hearts in the summer of 1976 to sign for Third Division outfit Berwick Rangers. In two seasons with The Borderers, he played 69 league matches and scored 8 goals. At the start of the 1978–79 season, Bennett joined Forfar Athletic. He", "id": "17097673" }, { "contents": "Jerome Thomas\n\n\nhe scored a goal in the final over Blackburn Rovers. He was loaned out to Second Division side Queens Park Rangers in the 2001–02 and 2002–03 seasons. He made his debut in the Football League on 30 March 2002, in a 3–2 win over Tranmere Rovers at Prenton Park. He scored his first professional goal on 6 April, the only goal of the game against Swindon Town at the County Ground in a 1–0 win for QPR. During his second loan spell in October 2002, he scored long distance goals away at Cheltenham", "id": "9097657" }, { "contents": "Willie Reid (footballer)\n\n\nEngland with Portsmouth. Reid returned to Scotland in April 1909 when signed by Rangers, where he won three league titles in eleven seasons. He was the club's top scorer for six consecutive seasons, between 1910 and 1916. He received all his caps for Scottish national side while with Rangers. Reid made his Scotland debut in a 2–2 draw with Wales in 1911 and earned his last cap three years later, against England. Reid also represented the Scottish League XI. His football career was interrupted by the First World War,", "id": "15187335" }, { "contents": "Stephen McGinn\n\n\nRangers, where St Mirren won 1–0, the team's first home league win over Rangers in 22 years. McGinn started the 2009–10 season on bench in the Scottish League Cup game but then went on to score on his first start of the season in a 2–1 loss to Hibernian on 15 August 2009. He continued his season with a brace against Kilmarnock at Rugby Park, where The Buddies came from behind to win 2–1. McGinn signed for Watford in January 2010, for an undisclosed fee. He made his first Watford appearance", "id": "14258787" }, { "contents": "Anthony Ralston\n\n\nAnthony Ralston (born 16 November 1998) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Celtic. He also spent several months on loan at Queens Park in 2015 and at Dundee United in 2018. Ralston made his debut for the Celtic first team on 11 May 2016, in a 2–1 defeat against St Johnstone. He scored his first goal for Celtic in a 5–0 Scottish League Cup win over Kilmarnock on 8 August 2017. He made some further appearances early in the 2017–18 season, including a Champions League match against Paris Saint-", "id": "17673352" }, { "contents": "Sam Gallacher\n\n\nSamuel Gallacher (born 23 December 1904) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a centre half. Born in Annbank, Gallacher played for Larkfield Juniors and Cadzow St. Anne's in his native Scotland, before moving to England to join Bradford City in May 1924. For Bradford City he made 40 appearances in the Football League, scoring 2 goals. He left the club in August 1927 to join Crystal Palace. He later played for Lincoln City, making 13 appearances in the Football League as well as one FA Cup appearance", "id": "4883696" }, { "contents": "Julien Rodriguez\n\n\nJulien Rodriguez (born 11 June 1978 in Béziers, France) is a French former professional footballer who played as a defender. Rodriguez started his career at AS Monaco, making 135 appearances for the club and helping them to reach the 2004 Champions League final. He joined Scottish Premier League club Rangers in August 2005 for £1m. He scored his first goal for Rangers on 11 March 2006 in Rangers' 4–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Ibrox Stadium and made a total of 30 appearances in his debut season with the club.", "id": "11830556" }, { "contents": "Mark Williams (Scottish footballer)\n\n\n-year contract by his former St Mirren manager Danny Lennon. Nine days later he made his debut, playing the full 90 minutes as they won 1–0 at Highland League team Brora Rangers in the first round of the Scottish Challenge Cup. On 8 August he played his first league game, a 3–1 loss away to Queen of the South. In February 2016, he moved on loan to Arbroath in Scottish League Two; on 12 March he scored his first career goal to conclude a 3–0 win over East Stirlingshire at Gayfield Park", "id": "15479008" }, { "contents": "Jack Blackman (English footballer)\n\n\nJohn James Blackman (25 November 1912 – 1987) was an English retired professional footballer who played in the Football League for Crystal Palace and Queens Park Rangers as a forward. He also played non-league football for Guildford City. Blackman began his career at Queens Park Rangers and in October 1935, signed for Crystal Palace, then playing in the Football League Third Division South. He made a goal-scoring debut in November in a home 5–0 win against Millwall and went on to make 27 appearances that season scoring 19 times", "id": "13124108" }, { "contents": "Paul Bennett (footballer, born 1961)\n\n\nPaul Bennett (born 30 January 1961) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Port Vale. Bennett was an Everton youth team player before joining Port Vale in September 1978. He made his debut as a substitute in a 1–1 draw with Peterborough United at London Road on 1 November 1980, and three weeks later he scored his first goal in a 4–2 win over Bradford City. He went on to play 26 Fourth Division games in the 1980–81 season, and scored his first goal in the Football League", "id": "4265172" }, { "contents": "Nicol Smith\n\n\nNicol Smith (25 December 1873 – 6 January 1905) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers. Born in Darvel, Ayrshire, Smith played as a fullback for local sides Vale of Irvine, Royal Albert and Darvel, earning junior international selection, before joining Rangers in 1893. He made only two league appearances in his first season at the club, but by 1893–94, he had established himself in the Rangers team, missing just one of the 18 league fixtures. During that season he was also responsible for bringing Alex", "id": "20560230" }, { "contents": "Bill Paterson (footballer, born 1930)\n\n\nthe proceeds adding to the transfer deal. He had a relatively unsuccessful three years on Tyneside and so returned to Scotland to join Rangers for £3,500. His debut came on 13 August 1958 in a 2-1 home league win against Partick Thistle. That was the first of three appearances that he would make that entire season. Overall Paterson did go on to make 116 top team appearances for the club and won two Scottish league championships. He also claimed a Scottish Cup, a Scottish League Cup, a Charity Cup winners", "id": "14236809" }, { "contents": "David McClure (footballer)\n\n\nDavid McClure was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a right-back who had spells in Scotland, Ireland and England. He was born in Slamannan, Stirlingshire, but began his footballing career in Ireland with Glenavon. McClure then returned to Scotland to play Junior league football with Dunipace, before joining Scottish Football League club St Johnstone in 1924. In June 1927, he was signed by Football League Third Division North club Nelson and made his debut for the club on 24 September 1927 in the 2–1 win against Durham City.", "id": "19923020" }, { "contents": "Arthur Adey\n\n\nArthur Lewis Adey (1 March 1930 - January 1994) was a Scottish professional association football player of the 1950s. Born in Glasgow, he was a centre forward and began his professional career with Doncaster Rovers and later played for Gillingham and Bradford Park Avenue. He made 68 appearances in The Football League and scored 15 goals. He signed for Doncaster Rovers in September 1950, following his move from Bishop Auckland and made his professional debut in Division Two on 14 April 1951 against Queens Park Rangers. In 1954, after three more", "id": "17203075" }, { "contents": "Billy Hogg\n\n\nWilliam Hogg (29 May 1879 – 30 January 1937) was an English footballer who played at outside right, winning the Football League championship with Sunderland in 1901–02, before moving to Scotland where he won the Scottish League title three times with Rangers. He also made three appearances for England in 1902. Hogg was born in Sunderland and was playing local football with Willington Athletic when he was spotted by Sunderland where he became a professional in October 1899. He made his debut on 2 December 1899, scoring in a 5–0 victory over", "id": "13514822" }, { "contents": "John Ballantyne (footballer)\n\n\nJohn Ballantyne (30 June 1892 – after 1917) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 20 appearances in the Football League playing for Birmingham and played for Scottish Football League clubs Kilmarnock, Vale of Leven and Rangers. He played as an outside right. Ballantyne was born in Riccarton, Ayrshire. He played for Kilmarnock and Vale of Leven before coming to England to join Football League Second Division club Birmingham in April 1913. He made his debut on 26 April 1913, the last day of the 1912–13 season, in a 2–1", "id": "2299260" }, { "contents": "Liam Burt\n\n\nLiam Burt (born 1 February 1999) is a Scottish footballer who last played for Rangers, as a midfielder. He made his first team debut for Rangers in March 2016, and has also played on loan for Dumbarton and Alloa Athletic. Burt has represented Scotland at various youth levels up to under-21 level. Burt played youth football for Celtic before being released and subsequently joining the Rangers Academy. He made his professional debut for the club aged seventeen during a Scottish Championship match against Raith Rovers on 1 March 2016. A few", "id": "3837470" }, { "contents": "James Hamilton (footballer, born 1901)\n\n\nJames Hamilton (16 June 1901 – 1975) was a Scottish footballer who played for Vale of Clyde, St Mirren, Rangers, Blackpool, Barrow, Armadale and Scotland. He was a full-back. Bargeddie-born Hamilton made his debut for Harry Evans' Blackpool at home to Bristol City on 15 September 1928, six games into their 1928–29 Football League campaign. He made a further 24 League appearances that season as \"the Tangerines\" finished eighth in Division Two. He started the first three League games of the", "id": "1708146" }, { "contents": "John Campbell (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\nJohn William Campbell (2 October 1877 – 20 January 1919) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Linthouse, Partick Thistle, Blackburn Rovers, Rangers, West Ham United, Hibernian and the Scotland national team. He was born in Glasgow and gained the most success in his career with Rangers with whom he won four successive league titles (1898–99, 1899–00, 1900–01 and 1901–02) the first of which Rangers won all 18 of their Scottish league matches. He also represented Scotland at international level, winning four caps and scoring", "id": "13889025" }, { "contents": "Matt Hill (footballer)\n\n\nMatthew Clayton Hill (born 26 March 1981) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for Bradford Park Avenue. Born in Bristol, Hill started his career with Bristol City where he made over 200 appearances. He subsequently joined Preston North End where he also spent a successful spell, playing over 100 times for the Lancashire club. A move to Wolverhampton Wanderers followed but first team opportunities were more limited and he was loaned to Queens Park Rangers before leaving to join Barnsley. After only one season at the South Yorkshire club", "id": "15275700" }, { "contents": "Dennis O'Donnell\n\n\nDennis O'Donnell (q1 1880 – after 1908) was an English professional footballer who scored 41 goals from 167 appearances in the Football League playing as a forward for Lincoln City, Sunderland, Notts County and Bradford Park Avenue. He also played in the Southern League for Queens Park Rangers. O'Donnell was born in Willington Quay, then in Northumberland. He made his debut for Lincoln City on 5 October 1901 in a 2–1 win at home to Middlesbrough in the Football League Second Division, and played for the club until the end of", "id": "1332551" }, { "contents": "William McLachlan (footballer)\n\n\nWilliam McLachlan (born 19 March 1989) is a Scottish footballer currently playing for Irvine Meadow in the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region. He has previously played in the Scottish Football League First Division for Airdrie United and for Australian club Melbourne Knights in the Victorian Premier League. McLachlan began his career with Rangers and appeared for the Scotland U-16 team in a Victory Shield match against Northern Ireland in October 2004. In December 2008, he joined Airdrie United on loan. He made his debut against St Johnstone on 20 December.", "id": "18351658" }, { "contents": "Bruno Andrade (footballer, born 1993)\n\n\njoined Lincoln City for the 2018-19 League Two season for a free transfer on the 24th May 2018. Born in Portugal, Andrade joined the Queens Park Rangers academy at the age of 13. He made his debut for Queens Park Rangers against Preston North End on 20 November 2010. He then made his second appearance for the club against Blackburn Rovers in the FA Cup. He replaced Jamie Mackie who had broken his leg. He made a further two first-team appearances at the beginning of the 2011–12 season, including", "id": "14654306" }, { "contents": "John Walker (footballer, born 1873)\n\n\nscored the winning goal against West Bromwich Albion on the final day of the season to secure the title. Walker played another 18 times for Liverpool in 1901–02 before returning to Scotland to join Rangers, who had just won a fourth successive domestic title but were also facing financial troubles due to the reconstruction work required on their stadium after the recent 1902 Ibrox disaster. He scored at a rate of nearly a goal every two league games over his three seasons with the Glasgow club, and appeared in two further Scottish Cup finals. In", "id": "15474189" }, { "contents": "Charles Dennington\n\n\nCharles Dennington (born 7 October 1899, died 1943) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Beccles, Dennington played for Norwich City, Bradford City and Kirkley. He joined Norwich from his home town club, Beccles Town, and made his debut in a 1-1 draw against Queens Park Rangers in the Third Division (South) in August 1922, establishing himself as the Canaries' first choice ahead of William O'Hagen and Ernest Williamson. He missed just twenty League games over the next five", "id": "8086327" }, { "contents": "Davy McDougall\n\n\nside of 1899–00. He was also with Rangers without apparently making a first team appearance. In summer 1900 he joined Southern League Bristol City from Partick Thistle making his debut at outside left in a 0–2 defeat at Luton Town on 15 September 1900. He made 11 appearances scoring 2 goals playing on both right and left wings in season 1900–01 when Bristol City were runners up in the Southern League. He also played on both wings in 12 Western League games scoring 2 goals. He rejoined Rangers in the summer of 1901 making 4", "id": "20661422" }, { "contents": "Gordon Smith (footballer, born December 1954)\n\n\n. He was sold to Rangers in 1977 for £65,000. In his first season with Rangers, Smith won the domestic treble, scoring 27 goals from midfield. He also scored the winning goal in the 1978 Scottish League Cup Final, against Celtic. He was sold to Brighton & Hove Albion in 1980 for a record transfer fee of £440,000. He returned to Rangers on loan in December 1982, playing in the 1982 League Cup Final defeat by Celtic. Smith made three appearances during his loan spell, without scoring.", "id": "8508165" }, { "contents": "George Stewart (footballer, born 1932)\n\n\nGeorge Stewart (16 November 1932 – 22 May 1998) was a Scottish footballer, who played as a goalkeeper for Petershill Juniors, Raith Rovers, Stirling Albion, Montrose and Bradford City. Born in Larkhall in 1932, Stewart started his career with junior side Petershill. He was capped by the Scotland junior select team while with the club. He joined the senior game when he signed for Raith Rovers in 1952. He made 68 appearances in the Scottish Football League for three clubs in seven seasons, before moving to England to", "id": "22044872" }, { "contents": "Tommy Anderson (footballer)\n\n\nfor a fee of £1,000, but in November the same year he moved to Queen's Park Rangers. He had only played five league games for Bournemouth, scoring once. He went on to score 3 times in 10 league games for Rangers in the 1958–59 season. He moved again in July 1959, signing for Torquay United. He made his debut on 22 August 1959, the first day of the 1959–60 season, in a 2–1 home win against Doncaster Rovers. In his season with Torquay he played in nine league", "id": "2845776" }, { "contents": "Richard Edghill\n\n\nof Sun Jihai served to further limit Richard's opportunities at the club and he was released at the end of the 2001–02 promotion winning campaign, having made a total of 207 appearances for the club in nine years. Following his release Edghill had short unsuccessful spells with Wigan Athletic and Sheffield United before joining Queens Park Rangers in August 2003. In the 2005 close season Edghill joined Bradford City on a free transfer. At Bradford he scored twice; against Tranmere Rovers in the league and Barnsley in the FA Cup. He was one", "id": "9473165" }, { "contents": "John Blackwood (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\n, who then sold him to Football League Second Division club Woolwich Arsenal. After joining Woolwich Arsenal in May 1900, Blackwood scored on his debut, in a 2–1 win over Gainsborough Trinity on the opening day of the 1900–01 season. This was to be his only season with the club; he scored six goals in 17 league appearances. He also scored during his one appearance in the FA Cup, against Darwen on 5 January 1901. He left for Reading in May 1901. In November 1902, Blackwood joined Queens Park Rangers", "id": "4952881" }, { "contents": "David Amoo\n\n\nRobinson's first-team however, and made just two further substitute appeareances at Stadium MK before returning to Anfield on 23 February. On 28 February, he joined Championship side Hull City on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. He made his \"Tigers\" debut coming on as a replacement for Jay Simpson in a 1–0 win at Nottingham Forest on 5 March. He scored his first goal in senior football in a 1–1 draw at Queens Park Rangers on 25 April. Unable to break into Nigel Pearson's first-", "id": "5142268" }, { "contents": "Chris Brandon\n\n\nin Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, on 7 April 1976. He attended Yorkshire Martyrs Collegiate School in Bradford and supported the city's Football League team Bradford City. Brandon started his football career as a trainee for Bradford City, but he was dropped by their academy and joined non-league side Bradford Park Avenue. He later played for Farsley Celtic before joining Stafford Rangers. He played 32 times for Rangers over two seasons before returning to play for Bradford Park Avenue. In his two spells with Park Avenue, Brandon played", "id": "14931377" }, { "contents": "Sam Charnley\n\n\nSamuel \"Sam\" Charnley (18 November 1902 – 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for Wolverhampton Wanderers in the Football League. Born in Craigneuk, a suburb of Wishaw, North Lanarkshire, Charnley played for Burnbank Athletic before joining Wolverhampton Wanderers of the Football League Second Division in January 1925. He made his debut on 12 September 1925 in a 4–1 win against Portsmouth. After making 55 appearances in total, scoring once, he joined Midland League team York City in August 1928. He captained York in the 1928–29 season", "id": "10736957" }, { "contents": "Sébastien Faure (footballer)\n\n\n. Faure joined Rangers on a three-year deal pending international clearance on 21 August 2012. After the move, Faure says he joined Rangers because Manager Ally McCoist persuaded him to join. He made his debut against First Division side Falkirk in the Scottish League Cup on 30 August 2012. It was on 23 February 2013, when Faure scored his first ever senior goal. This came whilst playing Third Division Berwick Rangers and it contributed to a 3–1 win away from home. Faure had his first run out of the season in", "id": "5596733" }, { "contents": "Dave MacFarlane\n\n\nDave MacFarlane (16 January 1967 – 30 October 2013) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Kilmarnock. MacFarlane began his career with Ayr United Boys Club before joining Rangers. Whilst at Ibrox he made seven league appearances and picked up a winner's medal in October 1986 when he came on as a second-half substitute in Rangers 2-1 win over Celtic in the Scottish League Cup Final. MacFarlane also had loan spells with Kilmarnock and Dundee, before joining the former on a permanent", "id": "7049582" }, { "contents": "Rocco Quinn\n\n\nAugust 2009. His league debut was the 1–1 home draw a week later against Raith Rovers. He scored league goals that season in games against Ayr United, Partick Thistle and a double against Greenock Morton. The Palmerston Park side ended the season in fifth place. He also played on 23 September 2009 in the 2–1 home League Cup defeat against Rangers. In total Quinn made 35 competitive first team appearances in his first season. The QoS website confirmed on 18 June 2011 that Quinn had left and signed for Ross County. In", "id": "16760979" }, { "contents": "Tommy Kelso\n\n\nTommy Kelso (6 May 1882-29 January 1974) was a Scottish footballer who played as a full back for Manchester City between 1906 and 1911. Kelso started his career at Third Lanark before signing for Manchester City in 1906. He made his debut for Manchester City in September 1906 in a 4-1 defeat against Arsenal. He made 139 league appearances for Manchester City and scored 3 goals. He subsequently returned to Scotland and played for Dundee, Rangers and Dumbarton. He won one Scotland cap in 1914 in a 0", "id": "5742448" }, { "contents": "Luke Freeman\n\n\nLeague Trophy and League One titles during his first season with the team. He spent two-and-a-half years at Bristol City before joining Queens Park Rangers in January 2017. Freeman began his career at Charlton Athletic, joining the club's academy in 2001 after being scouted playing Sunday league youth football. He spent two years at Charlton before being released \"for being too small\". Following his release from Charlton, Freeman joined Gillingham at the age of 11. He made his first-team debut for Gillingham", "id": "8315727" }, { "contents": "David Provan (footballer, born 1941)\n\n\nDavid Provan (11 March 1941 – 26 November 2016) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for Rangers, Crystal Palace, Plymouth Argyle and St Mirren. Provan also played for Scotland and the Scottish League XI. Provan was a product of the Rangers youth team and played as a full back. He made his debut on 27 December 1958, in a league match away to Third Lanark which Rangers won 3-2. He helped the club win a domestic treble in 1963–4 and played in the 1967 European Cup Winners", "id": "926204" }, { "contents": "Neil Danns\n\n\ndeal. He had rejected an offer from Scottish Premier League club Rangers. Danns made his Leicester City debut, where he started the whole game, in a 1–0 win over Coventry City in the opening game of the season. He scored his first goal for Leicester City on 23 August 2011 in a 4–2 away win against Bury in the League Cup. Danns soon became a first team regular for the side at the start of the season, finding himself rotated. He scored his first league goal for the club against Blackpool in", "id": "141524" }, { "contents": "Billy Blunt\n\n\nWilliam Blunt (5 August 1886 – 1962) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Wolverhampton Wanderers and Bristol Rovers. Blunt joined Second Division Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1908 from nearby non-league side Stafford Rangers. He made his Football League debut on 28 November 1908 in a 1–2 defeat at Oldham Athletic. He scored two in his second appearance (against Clapton Orient) and ended the season with 8 goals. The 1909–10 campaign saw him score 27 goals, making him the club's top goalscorer for the season", "id": "5433307" }, { "contents": "Gordon Ashcroft\n\n\nGordon Aschroft (7 September 1902 – after 1930) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Lea, Lancashire, he played for Coppull Central before joining Football League First Division side Burnley in November 1925. He made his debut for the club on 7 December 1925 in the 3–1 win against Birmingham at Turf Moor. Ashcroft failed to make another first-team appearance for Burnley and was released at the end of the 1926–27 season. In August 1927 he signed for Burscough Rangers, and then played for", "id": "5652868" }, { "contents": "Raul Correia\n\n\ngoal for Guiseley on 16 September in a 1–1 draw away to Wrexham after guiding Will Hatfield's deflected shot from distance past goalkeeper Luke Coddington. Correia made his final appearance in a 4–0 defeat away to Tranmere Rovers on 30 December, and returned to his parent club two days later. On 11 January 2018, Correia joined National League North club York City on loan for the remainder of the season. Two days later, he made his debut by starting in a 2–1 home win against Bradford Park Avenue. He scored his first", "id": "12088537" }, { "contents": "Bobby Main\n\n\nRobert Frame Main (10 February 1909 – 30 March 1985) was a Scottish professional football player, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Main began his career at local team Baillieston Juniors and joined Rangers in 1929, initially as understudy to Sandy Archibald. He was in and out of the side for four years before becoming a regular in 1933. During his spell at the club he won two Scottish league championships, two Scottish Cups, three Glasgow Cups and two Charity Cups. He made 158 appearances for Rangers", "id": "12825737" }, { "contents": "Ian McColl\n\n\nfinal appearance for Rangers was in the 1960 Scottish Cup Final, a 2–0 win against Kilmarnock. He made a total of 526 appearances for the Glasgow club. He also won 14 caps for Scotland and represented the Scottish League XI. After his playing career, he quickly went into management. He was appointed manager of Scotland in 1960 and enjoyed a winning start, beating Northern Ireland 5–2 at Hampden Park. Under McColl's managership, Scotland won British Home Championships in 1962 and 1963. The team beat England 2–0 at Hampden and", "id": "14525157" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Sharp\n\n\nyear later, in 1905 he was snapped up by Woolwich Arsenal of the First Division and promptly became a regular in the side after making his debut against Liverpool on 2 September 1905. He missed only three league games in his first season and reached the FA Cup semi-finals twice in his first two seasons. At Arsenal Sharp also won another three Scotland caps, before Rangers prised him away in April 1908 for £400. In total he played 116 games for Arsenal, scoring 5 goals. His spell at Rangers only", "id": "17959164" }, { "contents": "Craig Beattie\n\n\nplayed a competitive game in two months he missed the game against Dundee United on 25 February as was not match fit. After scoring twice in a bounce game, he made his debut as a substitute on 3 March against Rangers in a 2–1 win at Ibrox. He scored his first goal for Hearts in a 2–2 draw with St Mirren in the Scottish Cup 6th round at Tynecaste on 10 March. He had a second goal in the same match wrongfully ruled out for offside. In just his second league appearance for the club", "id": "12813032" }, { "contents": "Vladimír Weiss (footballer, born 1989)\n\n\nsubstitute. On 19 August 2010, Weiss joined Scottish side Rangers on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. Prior to signing for Rangers, Weiss rejected a move to their city rivals Celtic. He made his Rangers debut against Hibernian at Easter Road on 22 August coming on as a substitute for James Beattie, setting up the second goal with Rangers going on to win 3–0. He scored his first goal for Rangers in a 4–1 home win against Motherwell and five days later made his Champions League debut against Valencia, providing", "id": "535578" }, { "contents": "Ralph Brand\n\n\nplayed his last match for Rangers on 23 April 1965 when he scored the only goal in a 1–0 win over Third Lanark in the final League game of the season. Brand was sold to Manchester City in August that year for £30,000. Two years later he moved to Sunderland before returning to Scottish football at Raith Rovers (managed by his friend Jimmy Millar). He retired in 1970, although he would come out of retirement to play a handful of matches for Hamilton Academical in 1971–72. Brand played for Scotland eight times", "id": "16219219" } ]

[ { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nTommy Cairns (30 October 1890 – 30 November 1967) was a Scottish footballer who played for Bristol City, Peebles Rovers, St Johnstone, Rangers, Bradford City and Scotland. Born in Merryton, Lanarkshire, Cairns made his name in Junior football, helping Burnbank Athletic to the Scottish Junior Cup in 1911. He also appeared for Larkhall Thistle before earning an opportunity in the senior leagues. His first professional club was Bristol City where he played for two seasons from 1911. He joined Peebles Rovers in 1913 and had a short", "id": "21330844" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nan ever-present and scored 11 goals. Cairns enjoyed further League title successes in 1919–20, 1920–21, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1924–25 and 1926–27 before joining Bradford City in 1927. His final Rangers appearance was in a 2–1 win over Queen's Park on 1 March 1927. In his time with Bradford he made 135 appearances and won a Division Three North medal in 1929. He retired from football in 1932 and later worked as a scout for Arsenal. Cairns was also capped at international level, making eight Scotland appearances. He", "id": "21330846" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nspell with St Johnstone before joining Rangers in November 1913. He made his debut against Hamilton Academical on 27 December 1913 and played a total of nine games in his first season as Rangers finished second to rivals Celtic in Division One. Cairns was a regular in the Rangers team the following season, missing just one league game. He continued to be a regular in the team for the next two seasons but it was in season 1917–18 that he won his first League title (Rangers' first for five years). Cairns was", "id": "21330845" }, { "contents": "Kevin Cairns (footballer)\n\n\nin September 1960, making his debut that month in a Scottish Football League match against St Johnstone. After being a first team regular in his first season, Cairns made only one appearance in 1961–62 and was given a free transfer by Dundee United in May 1962. He signed for Southport in August 1962, going on to make 206 appearances in the Football League over the next six years. He then played non-league football for Wigan Athletic, where he played four games in the Cheshire League, and made a further five", "id": "20271756" }, { "contents": "Sandy Archibald\n\n\nRangers won the League title for the first time in 5 seasons. Archibald went on to win thirteen league titles in his seventeen seasons with the Glasgow club. He also won three Scottish Cup medals, the first of which was Rangers' first in 25 years and Archibald scored twice in the final as Rangers defeated Celtic 4–0 at Hampden. His final appearance for Rangers was in a 1–1 draw away to Queen's Park on 30 April 1934. He made 580 appearances for Rangers. Archibald won a total of 8 caps for Scotland", "id": "9747370" }, { "contents": "Arthur Dixon (footballer, born 1892)\n\n\nfirst goal for the club on 8 March 1919 in a 3–0 league win against Hamilton Academical. He enjoyed a benefit match at Ibrox Park on 10 September 1923. A crowd of 10,000 watched Rangers draw 1–1 with Liverpool. The Rangers side was: Hamilton (goalkeeper), Manderson, Meiklejohn, Dixon, McCandless, Archibald, Muirhead, Morton, Hansen, Cairns. The goalscorer for Rangers was Hansen. In total he made 361 appearances (326 league and 35 Scottish Cup) for the club. He scored eight goals (", "id": "11923821" }, { "contents": "Bert Manderson\n\n\nBert Manderson (9 May 1893 – 27 April 1946) was an Irish footballer, who played for Rangers and Ireland. Manderson, a right-back, made his Rangers debut in a 1-1 draw with Aberdeen on 27 March 1915. He had joined Rangers from Glenavon for £150. He previously had spells at Cliftonville and Belfast Celtic. He went on to make 370 league appearances (452 in total) in 12 seasons with the club, winning seven Scottish league titles. Manderson left Rangers to join Bradford Park", "id": "21502381" }, { "contents": "Archie Devine\n\n\nScotland, but he never played for the national side again. He also made one appearance for the Scottish League XI in that season, in a 3–2 win against the English Football League XI. In April 1910 he moved south of the border to Bradford City, and was part of the side that won the 1911 FA Cup Final against Newcastle United. He stayed at Bradford for nearly three years before joining Woolwich Arsenal. He made his debut for Arsenal against Chelsea on 15 February 1913, and was part of the team that", "id": "20302147" }, { "contents": "James Stewart (footballer, born 1883)\n\n\nhe played in the losing side in the final against Bradford City. He made his third, and final, England appearance against Scotland on 1 April 1911 and again scored in a 1–1 draw. All three of his international appearances thus ended 1–1. He continued to be a regular member of the Newcastle side until he was sold to Rangers in 1913 for £600. In his Newcastle career he made a total of 138 appearances with 53 goals. In May 1914 he returned to his native north-east, and non-", "id": "11906121" }, { "contents": "George Waddell\n\n\nGeorge Barr Waddell (29 November 1888 – 17 September 1966) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Scottish Football League for Rangers and in the Football League in England for Bradford City, Preston North End, Oldham Athletic, Birmingham and New Brighton. He played as a wing half. Waddell was born in Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire. He began his football career in junior football before joining Rangers in 1909. He made his debut in Division One on 26 April 1909 in a 3–2 defeat to Queen's Park. Over the", "id": "656965" }, { "contents": "Andrew Shinnie\n\n\ninternational debut for Scotland in November 2012, in a 2–1 win over Luxembourg. Shinnie made his first team debut for Rangers on 17 March 2007, coming on as a substitute for Dado Pršo in a Scottish Premier League match against Aberdeen. On the same day, he scored two goals for Rangers' under-19 team against St Mirren under-19s. In April, he scored the first goal in the 5–0 win over rivals Celtic as Rangers won the 2007 Scottish Youth Cup Final. He went on to sign a new three-year professional", "id": "14751617" }, { "contents": "Bobby McKean\n\n\nRobert Munro McKean (8 December 1952 – 15 March 1978) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for St Mirren and Rangers. He appeared in one full international match for Scotland, in 1976. McKean started his career at local club Blantyre Victoria before moving to St Mirren in 1969. After five seasons in Paisley he joined Rangers for £50,000 in September 1974. He enjoyed a successful spell in Govan and won the league twice in his first two seasons. He was also part of the 1976 Scottish Cup Final winning", "id": "303577" }, { "contents": "Andy Cunningham (footballer)\n\n\n1918–19. In total, he made 389 appearances and scored 182 goals for Rangers. He won 7 League titles and played in Rangers' famous 1928 Scottish Cup final triumph where they defeated Celtic 4–0 to win their first Scottish Cup in 25 years. Cunningham was also capped at international level, playing 12 times for Scotland and scoring 5 goals. He lost just one of his 12 games for Scotland. Cunningham also represented the Scottish League XI 10 times. Cunningham moved to Newcastle United in 1928, becoming the then oldest player to", "id": "19975016" }, { "contents": "Archie Mitchell (footballer)\n\n\nthe team win the Birmingham & District League title in the 1905–06 and 1906–07 seasons. Mitchell departed Villa in 1907. On 2 May 1907, Mitchell joined Southern League First Division club Queens Park Rangers. He had a good start to his career with the Hoops, winning the 1907–08 First Division title in his debut season. A further First Division title was won in 1911–12, with the Charity Shield being lost 2–1 to Football League First Division champions Blackburn Rovers. He remained with Queens Park Rangers through to 1921 and finally made his", "id": "9272843" }, { "contents": "James Bowie (footballer)\n\n\nJames Bowie (9 July 1888 – 7 August 1972) was a Scottish football player and football administrator, who played for and was chairman of Rangers. He began his career at Maryhill Juniors and joined Rangers in December 1910 from Queen's Park. He made his debut against Falkirk on 10 December 1910. During his time at the club he won six League championships and played in a total of 351 competitive games, scoring 70 goals. Bowie won two Scotland caps in 1920, and also played in three wartime internationals in 1919", "id": "4895542" }, { "contents": "James Vaughan (footballer, born 1988)\n\n\n. He made his second debut for the club in the 1–0 defeat by Nottingham Forest on 3 August. After scoring two goals in the League Cup win over Bradford City on 6 August, he scored his first league goal on his return in the 1–1 draw with Queens Park Rangers on 10 August. On 24 August, he scored a hat-trick in a 5–1 win against A.F.C. Bournemouth. Vaughan joined fellow Championship club Birmingham City on 26 November 2015, on loan until 2 January 2016. He made his debut as a", "id": "14499593" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Smith (footballer, born 1911)\n\n\ncontinued their dominance of Scottish football. Smith also collected his first Scottish Cup medal, scoring in a 5-0 defeat of St Mirren in the final at Hampden. Success for Smith and Rangers continued. The League title was again won in 1934–35 with Smith scoring 43 goals in 38 matches, including 6 in a 7-1 defeat of Dunfermline Athletic. He also collected his second Scottish Cup medal, scoring twice in the 2-1 against Hamilton Academical in the final. Rangers went on to win two of the next", "id": "14794886" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\na 4–2 win over Motherwell at the start of the 1946–47 season. He made a total of 13 league appearances in his first season, including a 4–1 win over Hamilton Academical in the last match, as Rangers beat Hibernian to clinch the League title. In the following season, 1947–48, Cox was an ever present as Rangers finished second to Hibs in the league, and won the Scottish Cup after a 1–0 win over Greenock Morton. Cox also netted his first Rangers goal during the season, scoring in a 2–1 win over", "id": "14907540" }, { "contents": "Andrew Little (footballer)\n\n\nas making one appearance for the \"B\" team, he won his first senior cap in March 2009, and appeared nine times in total. A former Ballinamallard United player, he moved from Northern Ireland to Scotland in 2006 to join the Rangers Academy. He scored for the \"Gers\" in the club's Scottish Youth Cup final victory over Old Firm rival's Celtic at Hampden Park in 2008. That season he also helped the club to top the SPFL Development League. He made his senior debut as a substitute for", "id": "5532587" }, { "contents": "Jim Eadie\n\n\nJames Eadie (born 4 February 1947) is a Scottish former professional footballer. During his career, he made over 200 appearances in the Football League in spells with Cardiff City, Chester and Bristol Rovers. Eadie began his career at Rangers but never made a first team appearance for the club, moving to Dumbarton where he played a handful of matches before joining Kirkintilloch Rob Roy. It wasn't until he moved south to play in The Football League that he began to play regular football. He signed for Cardiff City in 1969", "id": "15683889" }, { "contents": "Andrew McAtee\n\n\nconscripted in 1917 and served in Italy. On returning to Scotland McAtee resumed his successful football career with Celtic, participating in two further league title-winning seasons for a total of six. He also featured in a further Scottish Cup victory in 1923, twelve years after his first in 1911, and won four Glasgow Cups, scoring the winning goal against Clyde in the 1920-21 final. He made one appearance for Scotland in 1913 versus Wales but was selected more frequently for the Scottish League XI, playing in seven games", "id": "872940" }, { "contents": "Bobby Russell (footballer, born 1957)\n\n\nRobert Russell (born 11 February 1957 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Russell joined Rangers from Shettleston Juniors in 1977 and made his first team debut against Aberdeen on 13 August that year, aged only 20. The game ended in a 3–1 defeat, however Rangers went on to win the treble that season and Russell cemented his place on the right side of the midfield. He made 370 appearances for the club and won a league championship, two Scottish Cups", "id": "82295" }, { "contents": "Aaron Ramsey\n\n\nMifsud. On 26 April, he scored his first league goal in a 3–3 draw against Burnley. He went on to make his first career league start three weeks later in a 3–1 win over Queens Park Rangers and began to establish himself in the first team, making several more starts in the Cardiff side. He made a total of 22 appearances during the season, his first full season of professional football, and played in five of the club's six FA Cup matches, including the final, becoming the second youngest player", "id": "12732777" }, { "contents": "Daniel Bruce (footballer)\n\n\nCup Final against Queen's Park. The final as scheduled finished as a 1–1 draw; in the replay, Bruce opened the scoring for Vale of Leven but Queen's came back to win 2–1. Soon afterwards, and while still a teenager, Bruce was capped for Scotland. His first and what turned out to be only international appearance came on 22 March 1890 against Wales in the British Home Championship; Scotland won 5–0. He moved to Rangers in 1891 and played four games in the Scottish Football League at the start of", "id": "4264595" }, { "contents": "Joe Hutton (footballer)\n\n\nJoseph \"Joe\" Hutton (18 November 1927 – April 1999) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Gillingham, Millwall, Reading and Stoke City. Hutton was born in Dundee and began his career in England with Reading. He only made eight appearances for the \"Royals\" before going back to Scotland to play for Ayr United. He and Ayr team-mate Bobby Cairns joined Stoke City in 1953. Hutton made an instant impact at the Victoria Ground scoring in his first three matches for the club", "id": "8572530" }, { "contents": "Alex Venters\n\n\nAlexander Venters (9 June 1913 – 30 April 1959) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Cowdenbeath, Rangers and Scotland. Alex Venters, an inside forward, joined Rangers in November 1933 after his first club Cowdenbeath. He spent a total of 13 years at Ibrox Park, winning three Scottish league titles (1935, 1937 and 1939), two Scottish Cups (1935, 1936) and scoring 102 goals in 201 appearances. 18 of these 102 goals came against Celtic in various competitions. In the last season before", "id": "9812289" }, { "contents": "Matt Fry\n\n\nreturned to West Ham having made 32 appearances, scoring one goal, for Charlton. Fry had his contract cancelled by mutual consent with West Ham on 2 February 2012 allowing him to seek first-team football on a regular basis. On 10 February 2012, Fry joined League Two club Bradford City on a free transfer. He made his debut in a 1–1 draw at home to Port Vale on 14 February 2012, in which he played 79 minutes before being substituted. After leaving Bradford, Fry played for Concord Rangers, helping", "id": "20258156" }, { "contents": "Alex Bennett (footballer)\n\n\nand also worked as a sports journalist. He died in Glasgow in 1940. Bennett was capped eleven times for Scotland, gaining three caps while at Celtic and the remaining eight while at Rangers. He made his Scotland debut against Wales in March 1904 and scored his first international goal, again against Wales, four years later. He scored his second international goal in his final Scotland appearance, against Ireland in March 1913. He also appeared ten times in representative matches for the Scottish Football League. At the age of 39 he", "id": "7795002" }, { "contents": "Robert Campbell (footballer, born 1882)\n\n\nRobert Campbell (1882 – 13 March 1931) was a Scottish footballer who played for Partick Thistle, Rangers, Millwall Athletic and Bradford City. He was a full back who won the 1911 FA Cup with Bradford. Born in Lugar in 1882, Campbell started his football career with Partick Thistle, with whom he won a Scottish League representative honour, before moving to Rangers in 1903. He played for Rangers until 1905, making nine appearances and scoring once before he moved to England and Millwall Athletic in the Southern League. He", "id": "15446261" }, { "contents": "Matthew Dickie\n\n\nMatthew Dickie (19 August 1873 – 30 December 1959) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Rangers. Dickie made his Rangers debut against St Mirren in a 5-1 home win at Ibrox on 15 August 1896. He played 126 league matches from a possible 132 in an amazing spell during his time at the club. He went on to make 175 first class appearances in total. Dickie won four League championships, 3 Scottish Cups, 5 Glasgow Cups and represented Scotland three times.", "id": "4766083" }, { "contents": "Michael O'Halloran (footballer)\n\n\nwin over Forfar Athletic. He scored again in Saints' final home game of the season, to conclude a 3–3 draw with former club Celtic. O'Halloran won the Scottish Premiership player of the month award for November 2015. St Johnstone rejected two bids from Rangers for O'Halloran in January 2016. Manager Tommy Wright then left O'Halloran out of their following league game, saying that O'Halloran was not \"mentally ready\" to play. O'Halloran made his final appearance for the club in a 2–1 defeat to Hibernian in the Scottish League Cup semi", "id": "9744181" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Millar (footballer, born 1870)\n\n\ntwo different spells: 1890–96 (winning three Football League championships in four seasons) and 1900–04 (claiming a fourth title), separated by a stint in his homeland at Rangers where he won two Scottish Football League titles and two Scottish Cups. Overall he made 260 appearances for Sunderland, scoring 123 goals. At the time of his death he was the trainer for Chelsea. Millar was capped for Scotland three times between 1897 and 1898 during his time with Rangers, scoring twice, both in matches against England; his first was", "id": "14464136" }, { "contents": "Joe Hendry\n\n\nJoe Hendry was a Scottish football player. Hendry played for Rangers, Greenock Morton and St Johnstone amongst other clubs during his career. Hendry began playing football with Maryhill FC. He joined Greenock Morton in 1907 and stayed there for two years before signing for Rangers. Hendry made his debut in a 1–0 win at home on 23 April 1910 against Clyde and during his eight-year spell with the club Hendry made 147 appearances and scored 7 goals. After leaving Rangers he had spells with Dumbarton, Third Lanark, St Johnstone and", "id": "17804993" }, { "contents": "Gordon Rae\n\n\nGordon Rae (born 3 May 1958) is a retired Scottish footballer, who played mainly as a defender for Hibernian, Partick Thistle, Hamilton Academical and Meadowbank Thistle. He also played sometimes as a centre forward, scoring over 50 goals in the Scottish Football League in his career. Rae signed for Hibernian as a 17-year-old from Whitehill Welfare in 1975. He made his first team debut two years later, and scored in a 2–0 win against Rangers at Ibrox in his second appearance. He became club captain, appeared", "id": "6510043" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Johnstone\n\n\narrival at Celtic, Stein had doubts about Johnstone, considering him too much of an individual player, to the overall detriment of the team, and he left him out of the team for the 1965 Scottish Cup Final. Johnstone soon won Stein round with his skill, and won his first winner's medal on 23 October 1965 when he played in Celtic's 2–1 win over Rangers in the Scottish League Cup Final. His 32 league appearances and nine goals that season helped Celtic win their first league title in 12 years. Johnstone", "id": "811424" }, { "contents": "Eddie Rutherford\n\n\nEdward 'Eddie' Rutherford (8 February 1921 – 29 August 2007) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers, Hearts and Scotland. Born in Govan, Scotland, Rutherford joined Rangers from Mossvale in 1941 but during the Second World War he was posted to England so he guested for Lincoln City and Bradford City. He played three games for Bradford in 1944–45 in the Football League War Cup North section. After he had completed his service, Rutherford returned to Rangers and made his first appearance for the club on 19 October", "id": "14506034" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\n1954 Cox played his last match for Scotland, as he captained the team at Hampden in a 4–2 defeat by England in front on 134,544 spectators. 1954–55 was Cox's last season at Rangers as he made only 15 first-team appearances. He made his final Rangers appearance in a 2–1 defeat to Aberdeen on 19 February 1955. Cox made a total of 370 appearances for Rangers, won 25 caps for Scotland and 13 caps for the Scottish League XI. After his Rangers career, Cox had a spell with East Fife before", "id": "14907543" }, { "contents": "Gary Warren (footballer)\n\n\ngame of the season, Warren made his debut in a 2–2 draw against St Mirren. Two-months later on 22 December 2012, he scored his first goal for Inverness in a 4–1 win over Dundee. In the quarter-final of the Scottish League Cup, he scored his second goal for Inverness in a 3–0 win over Rangers, helping the club to reach the semi-final. In the first part of the season, Warren and his teammates struggled as the club found themselves near the foot of the table,", "id": "16107731" }, { "contents": "Ronnie McKinnon\n\n\nRonald McKinnon (born 20 August 1940 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who played for Rangers and the Scotland national team. MacKinnon, a defender, made his Rangers debut against Hearts on 8 March 1961 in a 3–0 win at Ibrox. He went on to make 473 appearances for Rangers between 1961 and 1972, winning two League championships, four Scottish Cups, three League Cups and a Cup Winners' Cup. He also won a total of 28 caps for Scotland, making his debut in the famous 1", "id": "19851592" }, { "contents": "James Marshall (footballer, born 1908)\n\n\nDr James Marshall (3 January 1908 — 27 December 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for both Rangers and Arsenal as well as the Scotland national side. He played as an inside forward. Marshall was born in Avonbridge, Stirlingshire and joined Rangers from Shettleston in 1925. During his nine-year spell at Ibrox he amassed five League championships and three Scottish Cups. He also won three Scotland caps, all of them against England between 1932 and 1934. In total he scored 138 goals in 257 league appearances for Rangers", "id": "4895243" }, { "contents": "Thomas Murray (footballer)\n\n\nThomas Murray (7 April 1889 – 1976) was an English professional footballer who played as a inside right. Born in Middlesbrough, Murray spent his early career with Middlesbrough, Aberdeen, Rangers and Heart of Midlothian. At Hearts he scored 12 goals in 28 league games between August 1911 and April 1912. He joined Bradford City in June 1912. He made 6 league appearances for Bradford City, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in February 1914 to join Hull City. For Hull he made a further 2 league appearances", "id": "5167081" }, { "contents": "Ernie Thompson (footballer, born 1909)\n\n\n, scoring once in a 2–2 draw; his only other appearance came a week later in a 1–0 home win over Crewe Alexandra. At the end of the season, Thompson joined Second Division Bristol City, but never made a first-team appearance, instead spending his single season with the club playing in the reserves in both the Western Section of the Southern Football League and the Western Football League First Division. He left before the end of the 1929–30 season in February 1930 to join Bath City, playing for them in the", "id": "16156938" }, { "contents": "Alan Morton\n\n\n\"\" (insurance salesman). Morton had already been capped while an amateur before joining Rangers (making his debut for Scotland on 26 February 1920 against Wales) but would go on to play in every international against the \"Auld Enemy\", England, from 1920 to 1932 bar the fixture at Old Trafford in 1926, eventually winning 31 caps. In addition he made 15 appearances (scoring 1 goal) for the Scottish League XI (making his debut on 22 February 1919 against the Football League at St. Andrews, Birmingham", "id": "6451273" }, { "contents": "Dan Thomson\n\n\nDaniel Thomson (born 10 August 1891 in Dundee) was a Scottish professional footballer. Thomson began his career with Aberdeen before moving on to St Johnstone from where he joined Bristol City in the 1925-26 season. He spent the following season with Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic before joining Torquay United in 1927. He played in United's first match in the Football League, a 1-1 draw with local rivals Exeter City at Plainmoor on 27 August 1927. He played in the next eight games for Torquay before losing his place", "id": "2040384" }, { "contents": "Jack Smith (footballer, born 1895)\n\n\nwinning the Scottish Cup in 1920, including scoring the third goal for Kilmarnock in the final when they defeated his former team, Albion Rovers, 3–2. Following a disagreement with Kilmarnock, Smith joined Cowdenbeath, where during 1921–22, he netted 45 goals as they finished runners-up in Division Two. At the season's end he joined Rangers for £3,000, making his debut at Ibrox Park on 15 August 1922, scoring in a 2–0 victory over Alloa Athletic. He only made two further appearances for Rangers, scoring once", "id": "17284045" }, { "contents": "Peter Thomson (footballer)\n\n\nIn two seasons at Kenilworth Road he made 11 League appearances, scoring 3 goals. Scoring twice against Stoke City in a memorable 3-1 away win. He also played two League games whilst on loan at Rushden & Diamonds, scoring once on his debut. He had a brief spell with Morecambe, scoring against Dagenham & Redbridge on his home debut with an overhead kick. Thomson joined Southport in July 2002. He returned to Lancaster City in December 2003 and enjoyed further success with Stafford Rangers in the summer of 2005.", "id": "8805355" }, { "contents": "John McPherson (footballer, born 1868)\n\n\nMcPherson also won three Scottish Cup medals with Rangers, the first in 1894, where he scored in five of Rangers' six matches, including the 3–1 final win over Celtic at Hampden. McPherson also scored in the 1897 final, where Rangers defeated Dumbarton 5–1. His third Scottish Cup winners medal came a year later, 1898, where Rangers defeated McPherson's former club Kilmarnock 2–0. His final recorded appearance for Rangers was in a 2–0 friendly defeat to Glentoran on 2 April 1902. McPherson was also a Scottish International, winning", "id": "8242049" }, { "contents": "James Cairns (forward)\n\n\nJames Cairns (\"unknown\" – \"unknown\") was a footballer who played at inside right for several English clubs, including Lincoln City and Newton Heath in the late 1890s. Cairns began his football career with Stevenston Thistle in 1895, before moving to Glossop North End. In September 1897, he joined Football League side Lincoln City, but before he made an appearance for the club, he had moved on to Newton Heath in April 1898. It took Cairns six months to make his debut for the Heathens, eventually", "id": "22214514" }, { "contents": "Andy Neil\n\n\nAndrew Neil (18 November 1892 – 14 August 1941) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 328 Football League appearances playing as an inside forward or wing half for Brighton & Hove Albion (two spells), Arsenal and Queens Park Rangers. Neil was born in Crosshouse, near Kilmarnock in Ayrshire. He joined Kilmarnock of Division One from junior club Ardeer Thistle, and made his debut on 12 April 1913 away to Motherwell. He played regularly in his second season, and in 1914–15, his 20 goals placed him sixth in", "id": "2233011" }, { "contents": "Ernest Myers (footballer)\n\n\nErnest Myers, also known as Colin Myers, was an English professional footballer who played as an inside left. Born in Chapeltown, Sheffield, Myers spent his early career with Northfleet, Crystal Palace and Hickleton Main Colliery. He joined Bradford City in April 1914, and made 1 league appearance for the club, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in May 1920 to join Southend United, where he scored 2 goals in 23 league games. He later played for Aberdare Athletic, Northampton Town, Queens Park Rangers, Exeter", "id": "5167086" }, { "contents": "Billy Bennett (footballer, born 1955)\n\n\nthen over a year before Bennett made another senior appearance, when he again scored in a 3–0 Hearts win over Berwick Rangers in the final of the East of Scotland Shield. He made his league debut for Hearts on 16 November 1974 in the 1–3 defeat away at Arbroath. Bennett left Hearts in the summer of 1976 to sign for Third Division outfit Berwick Rangers. In two seasons with The Borderers, he played 69 league matches and scored 8 goals. At the start of the 1978–79 season, Bennett joined Forfar Athletic. He", "id": "17097673" }, { "contents": "Jerome Thomas\n\n\nhe scored a goal in the final over Blackburn Rovers. He was loaned out to Second Division side Queens Park Rangers in the 2001–02 and 2002–03 seasons. He made his debut in the Football League on 30 March 2002, in a 3–2 win over Tranmere Rovers at Prenton Park. He scored his first professional goal on 6 April, the only goal of the game against Swindon Town at the County Ground in a 1–0 win for QPR. During his second loan spell in October 2002, he scored long distance goals away at Cheltenham", "id": "9097657" }, { "contents": "Willie Reid (footballer)\n\n\nEngland with Portsmouth. Reid returned to Scotland in April 1909 when signed by Rangers, where he won three league titles in eleven seasons. He was the club's top scorer for six consecutive seasons, between 1910 and 1916. He received all his caps for Scottish national side while with Rangers. Reid made his Scotland debut in a 2–2 draw with Wales in 1911 and earned his last cap three years later, against England. Reid also represented the Scottish League XI. His football career was interrupted by the First World War,", "id": "15187335" }, { "contents": "Stephen McGinn\n\n\nRangers, where St Mirren won 1–0, the team's first home league win over Rangers in 22 years. McGinn started the 2009–10 season on bench in the Scottish League Cup game but then went on to score on his first start of the season in a 2–1 loss to Hibernian on 15 August 2009. He continued his season with a brace against Kilmarnock at Rugby Park, where The Buddies came from behind to win 2–1. McGinn signed for Watford in January 2010, for an undisclosed fee. He made his first Watford appearance", "id": "14258787" }, { "contents": "Anthony Ralston\n\n\nAnthony Ralston (born 16 November 1998) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Celtic. He also spent several months on loan at Queens Park in 2015 and at Dundee United in 2018. Ralston made his debut for the Celtic first team on 11 May 2016, in a 2–1 defeat against St Johnstone. He scored his first goal for Celtic in a 5–0 Scottish League Cup win over Kilmarnock on 8 August 2017. He made some further appearances early in the 2017–18 season, including a Champions League match against Paris Saint-", "id": "17673352" }, { "contents": "Sam Gallacher\n\n\nSamuel Gallacher (born 23 December 1904) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a centre half. Born in Annbank, Gallacher played for Larkfield Juniors and Cadzow St. Anne's in his native Scotland, before moving to England to join Bradford City in May 1924. For Bradford City he made 40 appearances in the Football League, scoring 2 goals. He left the club in August 1927 to join Crystal Palace. He later played for Lincoln City, making 13 appearances in the Football League as well as one FA Cup appearance", "id": "4883696" }, { "contents": "Julien Rodriguez\n\n\nJulien Rodriguez (born 11 June 1978 in Béziers, France) is a French former professional footballer who played as a defender. Rodriguez started his career at AS Monaco, making 135 appearances for the club and helping them to reach the 2004 Champions League final. He joined Scottish Premier League club Rangers in August 2005 for £1m. He scored his first goal for Rangers on 11 March 2006 in Rangers' 4–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Ibrox Stadium and made a total of 30 appearances in his debut season with the club.", "id": "11830556" }, { "contents": "Mark Williams (Scottish footballer)\n\n\n-year contract by his former St Mirren manager Danny Lennon. Nine days later he made his debut, playing the full 90 minutes as they won 1–0 at Highland League team Brora Rangers in the first round of the Scottish Challenge Cup. On 8 August he played his first league game, a 3–1 loss away to Queen of the South. In February 2016, he moved on loan to Arbroath in Scottish League Two; on 12 March he scored his first career goal to conclude a 3–0 win over East Stirlingshire at Gayfield Park", "id": "15479008" }, { "contents": "Jack Blackman (English footballer)\n\n\nJohn James Blackman (25 November 1912 – 1987) was an English retired professional footballer who played in the Football League for Crystal Palace and Queens Park Rangers as a forward. He also played non-league football for Guildford City. Blackman began his career at Queens Park Rangers and in October 1935, signed for Crystal Palace, then playing in the Football League Third Division South. He made a goal-scoring debut in November in a home 5–0 win against Millwall and went on to make 27 appearances that season scoring 19 times", "id": "13124108" }, { "contents": "Paul Bennett (footballer, born 1961)\n\n\nPaul Bennett (born 30 January 1961) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Port Vale. Bennett was an Everton youth team player before joining Port Vale in September 1978. He made his debut as a substitute in a 1–1 draw with Peterborough United at London Road on 1 November 1980, and three weeks later he scored his first goal in a 4–2 win over Bradford City. He went on to play 26 Fourth Division games in the 1980–81 season, and scored his first goal in the Football League", "id": "4265172" }, { "contents": "Nicol Smith\n\n\nNicol Smith (25 December 1873 – 6 January 1905) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers. Born in Darvel, Ayrshire, Smith played as a fullback for local sides Vale of Irvine, Royal Albert and Darvel, earning junior international selection, before joining Rangers in 1893. He made only two league appearances in his first season at the club, but by 1893–94, he had established himself in the Rangers team, missing just one of the 18 league fixtures. During that season he was also responsible for bringing Alex", "id": "20560230" }, { "contents": "Bill Paterson (footballer, born 1930)\n\n\nthe proceeds adding to the transfer deal. He had a relatively unsuccessful three years on Tyneside and so returned to Scotland to join Rangers for £3,500. His debut came on 13 August 1958 in a 2-1 home league win against Partick Thistle. That was the first of three appearances that he would make that entire season. Overall Paterson did go on to make 116 top team appearances for the club and won two Scottish league championships. He also claimed a Scottish Cup, a Scottish League Cup, a Charity Cup winners", "id": "14236809" }, { "contents": "David McClure (footballer)\n\n\nDavid McClure was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a right-back who had spells in Scotland, Ireland and England. He was born in Slamannan, Stirlingshire, but began his footballing career in Ireland with Glenavon. McClure then returned to Scotland to play Junior league football with Dunipace, before joining Scottish Football League club St Johnstone in 1924. In June 1927, he was signed by Football League Third Division North club Nelson and made his debut for the club on 24 September 1927 in the 2–1 win against Durham City.", "id": "19923020" }, { "contents": "Arthur Adey\n\n\nArthur Lewis Adey (1 March 1930 - January 1994) was a Scottish professional association football player of the 1950s. Born in Glasgow, he was a centre forward and began his professional career with Doncaster Rovers and later played for Gillingham and Bradford Park Avenue. He made 68 appearances in The Football League and scored 15 goals. He signed for Doncaster Rovers in September 1950, following his move from Bishop Auckland and made his professional debut in Division Two on 14 April 1951 against Queens Park Rangers. In 1954, after three more", "id": "17203075" }, { "contents": "Billy Hogg\n\n\nWilliam Hogg (29 May 1879 – 30 January 1937) was an English footballer who played at outside right, winning the Football League championship with Sunderland in 1901–02, before moving to Scotland where he won the Scottish League title three times with Rangers. He also made three appearances for England in 1902. Hogg was born in Sunderland and was playing local football with Willington Athletic when he was spotted by Sunderland where he became a professional in October 1899. He made his debut on 2 December 1899, scoring in a 5–0 victory over", "id": "13514822" }, { "contents": "John Ballantyne (footballer)\n\n\nJohn Ballantyne (30 June 1892 – after 1917) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 20 appearances in the Football League playing for Birmingham and played for Scottish Football League clubs Kilmarnock, Vale of Leven and Rangers. He played as an outside right. Ballantyne was born in Riccarton, Ayrshire. He played for Kilmarnock and Vale of Leven before coming to England to join Football League Second Division club Birmingham in April 1913. He made his debut on 26 April 1913, the last day of the 1912–13 season, in a 2–1", "id": "2299260" }, { "contents": "Liam Burt\n\n\nLiam Burt (born 1 February 1999) is a Scottish footballer who last played for Rangers, as a midfielder. He made his first team debut for Rangers in March 2016, and has also played on loan for Dumbarton and Alloa Athletic. Burt has represented Scotland at various youth levels up to under-21 level. Burt played youth football for Celtic before being released and subsequently joining the Rangers Academy. He made his professional debut for the club aged seventeen during a Scottish Championship match against Raith Rovers on 1 March 2016. A few", "id": "3837470" }, { "contents": "James Hamilton (footballer, born 1901)\n\n\nJames Hamilton (16 June 1901 – 1975) was a Scottish footballer who played for Vale of Clyde, St Mirren, Rangers, Blackpool, Barrow, Armadale and Scotland. He was a full-back. Bargeddie-born Hamilton made his debut for Harry Evans' Blackpool at home to Bristol City on 15 September 1928, six games into their 1928–29 Football League campaign. He made a further 24 League appearances that season as \"the Tangerines\" finished eighth in Division Two. He started the first three League games of the", "id": "1708146" }, { "contents": "John Campbell (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\nJohn William Campbell (2 October 1877 – 20 January 1919) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Linthouse, Partick Thistle, Blackburn Rovers, Rangers, West Ham United, Hibernian and the Scotland national team. He was born in Glasgow and gained the most success in his career with Rangers with whom he won four successive league titles (1898–99, 1899–00, 1900–01 and 1901–02) the first of which Rangers won all 18 of their Scottish league matches. He also represented Scotland at international level, winning four caps and scoring", "id": "13889025" }, { "contents": "Matt Hill (footballer)\n\n\nMatthew Clayton Hill (born 26 March 1981) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for Bradford Park Avenue. Born in Bristol, Hill started his career with Bristol City where he made over 200 appearances. He subsequently joined Preston North End where he also spent a successful spell, playing over 100 times for the Lancashire club. A move to Wolverhampton Wanderers followed but first team opportunities were more limited and he was loaned to Queens Park Rangers before leaving to join Barnsley. After only one season at the South Yorkshire club", "id": "15275700" }, { "contents": "Dennis O'Donnell\n\n\nDennis O'Donnell (q1 1880 – after 1908) was an English professional footballer who scored 41 goals from 167 appearances in the Football League playing as a forward for Lincoln City, Sunderland, Notts County and Bradford Park Avenue. He also played in the Southern League for Queens Park Rangers. O'Donnell was born in Willington Quay, then in Northumberland. He made his debut for Lincoln City on 5 October 1901 in a 2–1 win at home to Middlesbrough in the Football League Second Division, and played for the club until the end of", "id": "1332551" }, { "contents": "William McLachlan (footballer)\n\n\nWilliam McLachlan (born 19 March 1989) is a Scottish footballer currently playing for Irvine Meadow in the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region. He has previously played in the Scottish Football League First Division for Airdrie United and for Australian club Melbourne Knights in the Victorian Premier League. McLachlan began his career with Rangers and appeared for the Scotland U-16 team in a Victory Shield match against Northern Ireland in October 2004. In December 2008, he joined Airdrie United on loan. He made his debut against St Johnstone on 20 December.", "id": "18351658" }, { "contents": "Bruno Andrade (footballer, born 1993)\n\n\njoined Lincoln City for the 2018-19 League Two season for a free transfer on the 24th May 2018. Born in Portugal, Andrade joined the Queens Park Rangers academy at the age of 13. He made his debut for Queens Park Rangers against Preston North End on 20 November 2010. He then made his second appearance for the club against Blackburn Rovers in the FA Cup. He replaced Jamie Mackie who had broken his leg. He made a further two first-team appearances at the beginning of the 2011–12 season, including", "id": "14654306" }, { "contents": "John Walker (footballer, born 1873)\n\n\nscored the winning goal against West Bromwich Albion on the final day of the season to secure the title. Walker played another 18 times for Liverpool in 1901–02 before returning to Scotland to join Rangers, who had just won a fourth successive domestic title but were also facing financial troubles due to the reconstruction work required on their stadium after the recent 1902 Ibrox disaster. He scored at a rate of nearly a goal every two league games over his three seasons with the Glasgow club, and appeared in two further Scottish Cup finals. In", "id": "15474189" }, { "contents": "Charles Dennington\n\n\nCharles Dennington (born 7 October 1899, died 1943) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Beccles, Dennington played for Norwich City, Bradford City and Kirkley. He joined Norwich from his home town club, Beccles Town, and made his debut in a 1-1 draw against Queens Park Rangers in the Third Division (South) in August 1922, establishing himself as the Canaries' first choice ahead of William O'Hagen and Ernest Williamson. He missed just twenty League games over the next five", "id": "8086327" }, { "contents": "Davy McDougall\n\n\nside of 1899–00. He was also with Rangers without apparently making a first team appearance. In summer 1900 he joined Southern League Bristol City from Partick Thistle making his debut at outside left in a 0–2 defeat at Luton Town on 15 September 1900. He made 11 appearances scoring 2 goals playing on both right and left wings in season 1900–01 when Bristol City were runners up in the Southern League. He also played on both wings in 12 Western League games scoring 2 goals. He rejoined Rangers in the summer of 1901 making 4", "id": "20661422" }, { "contents": "Gordon Smith (footballer, born December 1954)\n\n\n. He was sold to Rangers in 1977 for £65,000. In his first season with Rangers, Smith won the domestic treble, scoring 27 goals from midfield. He also scored the winning goal in the 1978 Scottish League Cup Final, against Celtic. He was sold to Brighton & Hove Albion in 1980 for a record transfer fee of £440,000. He returned to Rangers on loan in December 1982, playing in the 1982 League Cup Final defeat by Celtic. Smith made three appearances during his loan spell, without scoring.", "id": "8508165" }, { "contents": "George Stewart (footballer, born 1932)\n\n\nGeorge Stewart (16 November 1932 – 22 May 1998) was a Scottish footballer, who played as a goalkeeper for Petershill Juniors, Raith Rovers, Stirling Albion, Montrose and Bradford City. Born in Larkhall in 1932, Stewart started his career with junior side Petershill. He was capped by the Scotland junior select team while with the club. He joined the senior game when he signed for Raith Rovers in 1952. He made 68 appearances in the Scottish Football League for three clubs in seven seasons, before moving to England to", "id": "22044872" }, { "contents": "Tommy Anderson (footballer)\n\n\nfor a fee of £1,000, but in November the same year he moved to Queen's Park Rangers. He had only played five league games for Bournemouth, scoring once. He went on to score 3 times in 10 league games for Rangers in the 1958–59 season. He moved again in July 1959, signing for Torquay United. He made his debut on 22 August 1959, the first day of the 1959–60 season, in a 2–1 home win against Doncaster Rovers. In his season with Torquay he played in nine league", "id": "2845776" }, { "contents": "Richard Edghill\n\n\nof Sun Jihai served to further limit Richard's opportunities at the club and he was released at the end of the 2001–02 promotion winning campaign, having made a total of 207 appearances for the club in nine years. Following his release Edghill had short unsuccessful spells with Wigan Athletic and Sheffield United before joining Queens Park Rangers in August 2003. In the 2005 close season Edghill joined Bradford City on a free transfer. At Bradford he scored twice; against Tranmere Rovers in the league and Barnsley in the FA Cup. He was one", "id": "9473165" }, { "contents": "John Blackwood (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\n, who then sold him to Football League Second Division club Woolwich Arsenal. After joining Woolwich Arsenal in May 1900, Blackwood scored on his debut, in a 2–1 win over Gainsborough Trinity on the opening day of the 1900–01 season. This was to be his only season with the club; he scored six goals in 17 league appearances. He also scored during his one appearance in the FA Cup, against Darwen on 5 January 1901. He left for Reading in May 1901. In November 1902, Blackwood joined Queens Park Rangers", "id": "4952881" }, { "contents": "David Amoo\n\n\nRobinson's first-team however, and made just two further substitute appeareances at Stadium MK before returning to Anfield on 23 February. On 28 February, he joined Championship side Hull City on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. He made his \"Tigers\" debut coming on as a replacement for Jay Simpson in a 1–0 win at Nottingham Forest on 5 March. He scored his first goal in senior football in a 1–1 draw at Queens Park Rangers on 25 April. Unable to break into Nigel Pearson's first-", "id": "5142268" }, { "contents": "Chris Brandon\n\n\nin Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, on 7 April 1976. He attended Yorkshire Martyrs Collegiate School in Bradford and supported the city's Football League team Bradford City. Brandon started his football career as a trainee for Bradford City, but he was dropped by their academy and joined non-league side Bradford Park Avenue. He later played for Farsley Celtic before joining Stafford Rangers. He played 32 times for Rangers over two seasons before returning to play for Bradford Park Avenue. In his two spells with Park Avenue, Brandon played", "id": "14931377" }, { "contents": "Sam Charnley\n\n\nSamuel \"Sam\" Charnley (18 November 1902 – 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for Wolverhampton Wanderers in the Football League. Born in Craigneuk, a suburb of Wishaw, North Lanarkshire, Charnley played for Burnbank Athletic before joining Wolverhampton Wanderers of the Football League Second Division in January 1925. He made his debut on 12 September 1925 in a 4–1 win against Portsmouth. After making 55 appearances in total, scoring once, he joined Midland League team York City in August 1928. He captained York in the 1928–29 season", "id": "10736957" }, { "contents": "Sébastien Faure (footballer)\n\n\n. Faure joined Rangers on a three-year deal pending international clearance on 21 August 2012. After the move, Faure says he joined Rangers because Manager Ally McCoist persuaded him to join. He made his debut against First Division side Falkirk in the Scottish League Cup on 30 August 2012. It was on 23 February 2013, when Faure scored his first ever senior goal. This came whilst playing Third Division Berwick Rangers and it contributed to a 3–1 win away from home. Faure had his first run out of the season in", "id": "5596733" }, { "contents": "Dave MacFarlane\n\n\nDave MacFarlane (16 January 1967 – 30 October 2013) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Kilmarnock. MacFarlane began his career with Ayr United Boys Club before joining Rangers. Whilst at Ibrox he made seven league appearances and picked up a winner's medal in October 1986 when he came on as a second-half substitute in Rangers 2-1 win over Celtic in the Scottish League Cup Final. MacFarlane also had loan spells with Kilmarnock and Dundee, before joining the former on a permanent", "id": "7049582" }, { "contents": "Rocco Quinn\n\n\nAugust 2009. His league debut was the 1–1 home draw a week later against Raith Rovers. He scored league goals that season in games against Ayr United, Partick Thistle and a double against Greenock Morton. The Palmerston Park side ended the season in fifth place. He also played on 23 September 2009 in the 2–1 home League Cup defeat against Rangers. In total Quinn made 35 competitive first team appearances in his first season. The QoS website confirmed on 18 June 2011 that Quinn had left and signed for Ross County. In", "id": "16760979" }, { "contents": "Tommy Kelso\n\n\nTommy Kelso (6 May 1882-29 January 1974) was a Scottish footballer who played as a full back for Manchester City between 1906 and 1911. Kelso started his career at Third Lanark before signing for Manchester City in 1906. He made his debut for Manchester City in September 1906 in a 4-1 defeat against Arsenal. He made 139 league appearances for Manchester City and scored 3 goals. He subsequently returned to Scotland and played for Dundee, Rangers and Dumbarton. He won one Scotland cap in 1914 in a 0", "id": "5742448" }, { "contents": "Luke Freeman\n\n\nLeague Trophy and League One titles during his first season with the team. He spent two-and-a-half years at Bristol City before joining Queens Park Rangers in January 2017. Freeman began his career at Charlton Athletic, joining the club's academy in 2001 after being scouted playing Sunday league youth football. He spent two years at Charlton before being released \"for being too small\". Following his release from Charlton, Freeman joined Gillingham at the age of 11. He made his first-team debut for Gillingham", "id": "8315727" }, { "contents": "David Provan (footballer, born 1941)\n\n\nDavid Provan (11 March 1941 – 26 November 2016) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for Rangers, Crystal Palace, Plymouth Argyle and St Mirren. Provan also played for Scotland and the Scottish League XI. Provan was a product of the Rangers youth team and played as a full back. He made his debut on 27 December 1958, in a league match away to Third Lanark which Rangers won 3-2. He helped the club win a domestic treble in 1963–4 and played in the 1967 European Cup Winners", "id": "926204" }, { "contents": "Neil Danns\n\n\ndeal. He had rejected an offer from Scottish Premier League club Rangers. Danns made his Leicester City debut, where he started the whole game, in a 1–0 win over Coventry City in the opening game of the season. He scored his first goal for Leicester City on 23 August 2011 in a 4–2 away win against Bury in the League Cup. Danns soon became a first team regular for the side at the start of the season, finding himself rotated. He scored his first league goal for the club against Blackpool in", "id": "141524" }, { "contents": "Billy Blunt\n\n\nWilliam Blunt (5 August 1886 – 1962) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Wolverhampton Wanderers and Bristol Rovers. Blunt joined Second Division Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1908 from nearby non-league side Stafford Rangers. He made his Football League debut on 28 November 1908 in a 1–2 defeat at Oldham Athletic. He scored two in his second appearance (against Clapton Orient) and ended the season with 8 goals. The 1909–10 campaign saw him score 27 goals, making him the club's top goalscorer for the season", "id": "5433307" }, { "contents": "Gordon Ashcroft\n\n\nGordon Aschroft (7 September 1902 – after 1930) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Lea, Lancashire, he played for Coppull Central before joining Football League First Division side Burnley in November 1925. He made his debut for the club on 7 December 1925 in the 3–1 win against Birmingham at Turf Moor. Ashcroft failed to make another first-team appearance for Burnley and was released at the end of the 1926–27 season. In August 1927 he signed for Burscough Rangers, and then played for", "id": "5652868" }, { "contents": "Raul Correia\n\n\ngoal for Guiseley on 16 September in a 1–1 draw away to Wrexham after guiding Will Hatfield's deflected shot from distance past goalkeeper Luke Coddington. Correia made his final appearance in a 4–0 defeat away to Tranmere Rovers on 30 December, and returned to his parent club two days later. On 11 January 2018, Correia joined National League North club York City on loan for the remainder of the season. Two days later, he made his debut by starting in a 2–1 home win against Bradford Park Avenue. He scored his first", "id": "12088537" }, { "contents": "Bobby Main\n\n\nRobert Frame Main (10 February 1909 – 30 March 1985) was a Scottish professional football player, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Main began his career at local team Baillieston Juniors and joined Rangers in 1929, initially as understudy to Sandy Archibald. He was in and out of the side for four years before becoming a regular in 1933. During his spell at the club he won two Scottish league championships, two Scottish Cups, three Glasgow Cups and two Charity Cups. He made 158 appearances for Rangers", "id": "12825737" }, { "contents": "Ian McColl\n\n\nfinal appearance for Rangers was in the 1960 Scottish Cup Final, a 2–0 win against Kilmarnock. He made a total of 526 appearances for the Glasgow club. He also won 14 caps for Scotland and represented the Scottish League XI. After his playing career, he quickly went into management. He was appointed manager of Scotland in 1960 and enjoyed a winning start, beating Northern Ireland 5–2 at Hampden Park. Under McColl's managership, Scotland won British Home Championships in 1962 and 1963. The team beat England 2–0 at Hampden and", "id": "14525157" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Sharp\n\n\nyear later, in 1905 he was snapped up by Woolwich Arsenal of the First Division and promptly became a regular in the side after making his debut against Liverpool on 2 September 1905. He missed only three league games in his first season and reached the FA Cup semi-finals twice in his first two seasons. At Arsenal Sharp also won another three Scotland caps, before Rangers prised him away in April 1908 for £400. In total he played 116 games for Arsenal, scoring 5 goals. His spell at Rangers only", "id": "17959164" }, { "contents": "Craig Beattie\n\n\nplayed a competitive game in two months he missed the game against Dundee United on 25 February as was not match fit. After scoring twice in a bounce game, he made his debut as a substitute on 3 March against Rangers in a 2–1 win at Ibrox. He scored his first goal for Hearts in a 2–2 draw with St Mirren in the Scottish Cup 6th round at Tynecaste on 10 March. He had a second goal in the same match wrongfully ruled out for offside. In just his second league appearance for the club", "id": "12813032" }, { "contents": "Vladimír Weiss (footballer, born 1989)\n\n\nsubstitute. On 19 August 2010, Weiss joined Scottish side Rangers on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. Prior to signing for Rangers, Weiss rejected a move to their city rivals Celtic. He made his Rangers debut against Hibernian at Easter Road on 22 August coming on as a substitute for James Beattie, setting up the second goal with Rangers going on to win 3–0. He scored his first goal for Rangers in a 4–1 home win against Motherwell and five days later made his Champions League debut against Valencia, providing", "id": "535578" }, { "contents": "Ralph Brand\n\n\nplayed his last match for Rangers on 23 April 1965 when he scored the only goal in a 1–0 win over Third Lanark in the final League game of the season. Brand was sold to Manchester City in August that year for £30,000. Two years later he moved to Sunderland before returning to Scottish football at Raith Rovers (managed by his friend Jimmy Millar). He retired in 1970, although he would come out of retirement to play a handful of matches for Hamilton Academical in 1971–72. Brand played for Scotland eight times", "id": "16219219" } ]

[ { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nTommy Cairns (30 October 1890 – 30 November 1967) was a Scottish footballer who played for Bristol City, Peebles Rovers, St Johnstone, Rangers, Bradford City and Scotland. Born in Merryton, Lanarkshire, Cairns made his name in Junior football, helping Burnbank Athletic to the Scottish Junior Cup in 1911. He also appeared for Larkhall Thistle before earning an opportunity in the senior leagues. His first professional club was Bristol City where he played for two seasons from 1911. He joined Peebles Rovers in 1913 and had a short", "id": "21330844" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nan ever-present and scored 11 goals. Cairns enjoyed further League title successes in 1919–20, 1920–21, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1924–25 and 1926–27 before joining Bradford City in 1927. His final Rangers appearance was in a 2–1 win over Queen's Park on 1 March 1927. In his time with Bradford he made 135 appearances and won a Division Three North medal in 1929. He retired from football in 1932 and later worked as a scout for Arsenal. Cairns was also capped at international level, making eight Scotland appearances. He", "id": "21330846" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nspell with St Johnstone before joining Rangers in November 1913. He made his debut against Hamilton Academical on 27 December 1913 and played a total of nine games in his first season as Rangers finished second to rivals Celtic in Division One. Cairns was a regular in the Rangers team the following season, missing just one league game. He continued to be a regular in the team for the next two seasons but it was in season 1917–18 that he won his first League title (Rangers' first for five years). Cairns was", "id": "21330845" }, { "contents": "Kevin Cairns (footballer)\n\n\nin September 1960, making his debut that month in a Scottish Football League match against St Johnstone. After being a first team regular in his first season, Cairns made only one appearance in 1961–62 and was given a free transfer by Dundee United in May 1962. He signed for Southport in August 1962, going on to make 206 appearances in the Football League over the next six years. He then played non-league football for Wigan Athletic, where he played four games in the Cheshire League, and made a further five", "id": "20271756" }, { "contents": "Sandy Archibald\n\n\nRangers won the League title for the first time in 5 seasons. Archibald went on to win thirteen league titles in his seventeen seasons with the Glasgow club. He also won three Scottish Cup medals, the first of which was Rangers' first in 25 years and Archibald scored twice in the final as Rangers defeated Celtic 4–0 at Hampden. His final appearance for Rangers was in a 1–1 draw away to Queen's Park on 30 April 1934. He made 580 appearances for Rangers. Archibald won a total of 8 caps for Scotland", "id": "9747370" }, { "contents": "Arthur Dixon (footballer, born 1892)\n\n\nfirst goal for the club on 8 March 1919 in a 3–0 league win against Hamilton Academical. He enjoyed a benefit match at Ibrox Park on 10 September 1923. A crowd of 10,000 watched Rangers draw 1–1 with Liverpool. The Rangers side was: Hamilton (goalkeeper), Manderson, Meiklejohn, Dixon, McCandless, Archibald, Muirhead, Morton, Hansen, Cairns. The goalscorer for Rangers was Hansen. In total he made 361 appearances (326 league and 35 Scottish Cup) for the club. He scored eight goals (", "id": "11923821" }, { "contents": "Bert Manderson\n\n\nBert Manderson (9 May 1893 – 27 April 1946) was an Irish footballer, who played for Rangers and Ireland. Manderson, a right-back, made his Rangers debut in a 1-1 draw with Aberdeen on 27 March 1915. He had joined Rangers from Glenavon for £150. He previously had spells at Cliftonville and Belfast Celtic. He went on to make 370 league appearances (452 in total) in 12 seasons with the club, winning seven Scottish league titles. Manderson left Rangers to join Bradford Park", "id": "21502381" }, { "contents": "Archie Devine\n\n\nScotland, but he never played for the national side again. He also made one appearance for the Scottish League XI in that season, in a 3–2 win against the English Football League XI. In April 1910 he moved south of the border to Bradford City, and was part of the side that won the 1911 FA Cup Final against Newcastle United. He stayed at Bradford for nearly three years before joining Woolwich Arsenal. He made his debut for Arsenal against Chelsea on 15 February 1913, and was part of the team that", "id": "20302147" }, { "contents": "James Stewart (footballer, born 1883)\n\n\nhe played in the losing side in the final against Bradford City. He made his third, and final, England appearance against Scotland on 1 April 1911 and again scored in a 1–1 draw. All three of his international appearances thus ended 1–1. He continued to be a regular member of the Newcastle side until he was sold to Rangers in 1913 for £600. In his Newcastle career he made a total of 138 appearances with 53 goals. In May 1914 he returned to his native north-east, and non-", "id": "11906121" }, { "contents": "George Waddell\n\n\nGeorge Barr Waddell (29 November 1888 – 17 September 1966) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Scottish Football League for Rangers and in the Football League in England for Bradford City, Preston North End, Oldham Athletic, Birmingham and New Brighton. He played as a wing half. Waddell was born in Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire. He began his football career in junior football before joining Rangers in 1909. He made his debut in Division One on 26 April 1909 in a 3–2 defeat to Queen's Park. Over the", "id": "656965" }, { "contents": "Andrew Shinnie\n\n\ninternational debut for Scotland in November 2012, in a 2–1 win over Luxembourg. Shinnie made his first team debut for Rangers on 17 March 2007, coming on as a substitute for Dado Pršo in a Scottish Premier League match against Aberdeen. On the same day, he scored two goals for Rangers' under-19 team against St Mirren under-19s. In April, he scored the first goal in the 5–0 win over rivals Celtic as Rangers won the 2007 Scottish Youth Cup Final. He went on to sign a new three-year professional", "id": "14751617" }, { "contents": "Bobby McKean\n\n\nRobert Munro McKean (8 December 1952 – 15 March 1978) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for St Mirren and Rangers. He appeared in one full international match for Scotland, in 1976. McKean started his career at local club Blantyre Victoria before moving to St Mirren in 1969. After five seasons in Paisley he joined Rangers for £50,000 in September 1974. He enjoyed a successful spell in Govan and won the league twice in his first two seasons. He was also part of the 1976 Scottish Cup Final winning", "id": "303577" }, { "contents": "Andy Cunningham (footballer)\n\n\n1918–19. In total, he made 389 appearances and scored 182 goals for Rangers. He won 7 League titles and played in Rangers' famous 1928 Scottish Cup final triumph where they defeated Celtic 4–0 to win their first Scottish Cup in 25 years. Cunningham was also capped at international level, playing 12 times for Scotland and scoring 5 goals. He lost just one of his 12 games for Scotland. Cunningham also represented the Scottish League XI 10 times. Cunningham moved to Newcastle United in 1928, becoming the then oldest player to", "id": "19975016" }, { "contents": "Archie Mitchell (footballer)\n\n\nthe team win the Birmingham & District League title in the 1905–06 and 1906–07 seasons. Mitchell departed Villa in 1907. On 2 May 1907, Mitchell joined Southern League First Division club Queens Park Rangers. He had a good start to his career with the Hoops, winning the 1907–08 First Division title in his debut season. A further First Division title was won in 1911–12, with the Charity Shield being lost 2–1 to Football League First Division champions Blackburn Rovers. He remained with Queens Park Rangers through to 1921 and finally made his", "id": "9272843" }, { "contents": "James Bowie (footballer)\n\n\nJames Bowie (9 July 1888 – 7 August 1972) was a Scottish football player and football administrator, who played for and was chairman of Rangers. He began his career at Maryhill Juniors and joined Rangers in December 1910 from Queen's Park. He made his debut against Falkirk on 10 December 1910. During his time at the club he won six League championships and played in a total of 351 competitive games, scoring 70 goals. Bowie won two Scotland caps in 1920, and also played in three wartime internationals in 1919", "id": "4895542" }, { "contents": "James Vaughan (footballer, born 1988)\n\n\n. He made his second debut for the club in the 1–0 defeat by Nottingham Forest on 3 August. After scoring two goals in the League Cup win over Bradford City on 6 August, he scored his first league goal on his return in the 1–1 draw with Queens Park Rangers on 10 August. On 24 August, he scored a hat-trick in a 5–1 win against A.F.C. Bournemouth. Vaughan joined fellow Championship club Birmingham City on 26 November 2015, on loan until 2 January 2016. He made his debut as a", "id": "14499593" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Smith (footballer, born 1911)\n\n\ncontinued their dominance of Scottish football. Smith also collected his first Scottish Cup medal, scoring in a 5-0 defeat of St Mirren in the final at Hampden. Success for Smith and Rangers continued. The League title was again won in 1934–35 with Smith scoring 43 goals in 38 matches, including 6 in a 7-1 defeat of Dunfermline Athletic. He also collected his second Scottish Cup medal, scoring twice in the 2-1 against Hamilton Academical in the final. Rangers went on to win two of the next", "id": "14794886" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\na 4–2 win over Motherwell at the start of the 1946–47 season. He made a total of 13 league appearances in his first season, including a 4–1 win over Hamilton Academical in the last match, as Rangers beat Hibernian to clinch the League title. In the following season, 1947–48, Cox was an ever present as Rangers finished second to Hibs in the league, and won the Scottish Cup after a 1–0 win over Greenock Morton. Cox also netted his first Rangers goal during the season, scoring in a 2–1 win over", "id": "14907540" }, { "contents": "Andrew Little (footballer)\n\n\nas making one appearance for the \"B\" team, he won his first senior cap in March 2009, and appeared nine times in total. A former Ballinamallard United player, he moved from Northern Ireland to Scotland in 2006 to join the Rangers Academy. He scored for the \"Gers\" in the club's Scottish Youth Cup final victory over Old Firm rival's Celtic at Hampden Park in 2008. That season he also helped the club to top the SPFL Development League. He made his senior debut as a substitute for", "id": "5532587" }, { "contents": "Jim Eadie\n\n\nJames Eadie (born 4 February 1947) is a Scottish former professional footballer. During his career, he made over 200 appearances in the Football League in spells with Cardiff City, Chester and Bristol Rovers. Eadie began his career at Rangers but never made a first team appearance for the club, moving to Dumbarton where he played a handful of matches before joining Kirkintilloch Rob Roy. It wasn't until he moved south to play in The Football League that he began to play regular football. He signed for Cardiff City in 1969", "id": "15683889" }, { "contents": "Andrew McAtee\n\n\nconscripted in 1917 and served in Italy. On returning to Scotland McAtee resumed his successful football career with Celtic, participating in two further league title-winning seasons for a total of six. He also featured in a further Scottish Cup victory in 1923, twelve years after his first in 1911, and won four Glasgow Cups, scoring the winning goal against Clyde in the 1920-21 final. He made one appearance for Scotland in 1913 versus Wales but was selected more frequently for the Scottish League XI, playing in seven games", "id": "872940" }, { "contents": "Bobby Russell (footballer, born 1957)\n\n\nRobert Russell (born 11 February 1957 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Russell joined Rangers from Shettleston Juniors in 1977 and made his first team debut against Aberdeen on 13 August that year, aged only 20. The game ended in a 3–1 defeat, however Rangers went on to win the treble that season and Russell cemented his place on the right side of the midfield. He made 370 appearances for the club and won a league championship, two Scottish Cups", "id": "82295" }, { "contents": "Aaron Ramsey\n\n\nMifsud. On 26 April, he scored his first league goal in a 3–3 draw against Burnley. He went on to make his first career league start three weeks later in a 3–1 win over Queens Park Rangers and began to establish himself in the first team, making several more starts in the Cardiff side. He made a total of 22 appearances during the season, his first full season of professional football, and played in five of the club's six FA Cup matches, including the final, becoming the second youngest player", "id": "12732777" }, { "contents": "Daniel Bruce (footballer)\n\n\nCup Final against Queen's Park. The final as scheduled finished as a 1–1 draw; in the replay, Bruce opened the scoring for Vale of Leven but Queen's came back to win 2–1. Soon afterwards, and while still a teenager, Bruce was capped for Scotland. His first and what turned out to be only international appearance came on 22 March 1890 against Wales in the British Home Championship; Scotland won 5–0. He moved to Rangers in 1891 and played four games in the Scottish Football League at the start of", "id": "4264595" }, { "contents": "Joe Hutton (footballer)\n\n\nJoseph \"Joe\" Hutton (18 November 1927 – April 1999) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Gillingham, Millwall, Reading and Stoke City. Hutton was born in Dundee and began his career in England with Reading. He only made eight appearances for the \"Royals\" before going back to Scotland to play for Ayr United. He and Ayr team-mate Bobby Cairns joined Stoke City in 1953. Hutton made an instant impact at the Victoria Ground scoring in his first three matches for the club", "id": "8572530" }, { "contents": "Alex Venters\n\n\nAlexander Venters (9 June 1913 – 30 April 1959) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Cowdenbeath, Rangers and Scotland. Alex Venters, an inside forward, joined Rangers in November 1933 after his first club Cowdenbeath. He spent a total of 13 years at Ibrox Park, winning three Scottish league titles (1935, 1937 and 1939), two Scottish Cups (1935, 1936) and scoring 102 goals in 201 appearances. 18 of these 102 goals came against Celtic in various competitions. In the last season before", "id": "9812289" }, { "contents": "Matt Fry\n\n\nreturned to West Ham having made 32 appearances, scoring one goal, for Charlton. Fry had his contract cancelled by mutual consent with West Ham on 2 February 2012 allowing him to seek first-team football on a regular basis. On 10 February 2012, Fry joined League Two club Bradford City on a free transfer. He made his debut in a 1–1 draw at home to Port Vale on 14 February 2012, in which he played 79 minutes before being substituted. After leaving Bradford, Fry played for Concord Rangers, helping", "id": "20258156" }, { "contents": "Alex Bennett (footballer)\n\n\nand also worked as a sports journalist. He died in Glasgow in 1940. Bennett was capped eleven times for Scotland, gaining three caps while at Celtic and the remaining eight while at Rangers. He made his Scotland debut against Wales in March 1904 and scored his first international goal, again against Wales, four years later. He scored his second international goal in his final Scotland appearance, against Ireland in March 1913. He also appeared ten times in representative matches for the Scottish Football League. At the age of 39 he", "id": "7795002" }, { "contents": "Robert Campbell (footballer, born 1882)\n\n\nRobert Campbell (1882 – 13 March 1931) was a Scottish footballer who played for Partick Thistle, Rangers, Millwall Athletic and Bradford City. He was a full back who won the 1911 FA Cup with Bradford. Born in Lugar in 1882, Campbell started his football career with Partick Thistle, with whom he won a Scottish League representative honour, before moving to Rangers in 1903. He played for Rangers until 1905, making nine appearances and scoring once before he moved to England and Millwall Athletic in the Southern League. He", "id": "15446261" }, { "contents": "Matthew Dickie\n\n\nMatthew Dickie (19 August 1873 – 30 December 1959) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Rangers. Dickie made his Rangers debut against St Mirren in a 5-1 home win at Ibrox on 15 August 1896. He played 126 league matches from a possible 132 in an amazing spell during his time at the club. He went on to make 175 first class appearances in total. Dickie won four League championships, 3 Scottish Cups, 5 Glasgow Cups and represented Scotland three times.", "id": "4766083" }, { "contents": "Michael O'Halloran (footballer)\n\n\nwin over Forfar Athletic. He scored again in Saints' final home game of the season, to conclude a 3–3 draw with former club Celtic. O'Halloran won the Scottish Premiership player of the month award for November 2015. St Johnstone rejected two bids from Rangers for O'Halloran in January 2016. Manager Tommy Wright then left O'Halloran out of their following league game, saying that O'Halloran was not \"mentally ready\" to play. O'Halloran made his final appearance for the club in a 2–1 defeat to Hibernian in the Scottish League Cup semi", "id": "9744181" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Millar (footballer, born 1870)\n\n\ntwo different spells: 1890–96 (winning three Football League championships in four seasons) and 1900–04 (claiming a fourth title), separated by a stint in his homeland at Rangers where he won two Scottish Football League titles and two Scottish Cups. Overall he made 260 appearances for Sunderland, scoring 123 goals. At the time of his death he was the trainer for Chelsea. Millar was capped for Scotland three times between 1897 and 1898 during his time with Rangers, scoring twice, both in matches against England; his first was", "id": "14464136" }, { "contents": "Joe Hendry\n\n\nJoe Hendry was a Scottish football player. Hendry played for Rangers, Greenock Morton and St Johnstone amongst other clubs during his career. Hendry began playing football with Maryhill FC. He joined Greenock Morton in 1907 and stayed there for two years before signing for Rangers. Hendry made his debut in a 1–0 win at home on 23 April 1910 against Clyde and during his eight-year spell with the club Hendry made 147 appearances and scored 7 goals. After leaving Rangers he had spells with Dumbarton, Third Lanark, St Johnstone and", "id": "17804993" }, { "contents": "Gordon Rae\n\n\nGordon Rae (born 3 May 1958) is a retired Scottish footballer, who played mainly as a defender for Hibernian, Partick Thistle, Hamilton Academical and Meadowbank Thistle. He also played sometimes as a centre forward, scoring over 50 goals in the Scottish Football League in his career. Rae signed for Hibernian as a 17-year-old from Whitehill Welfare in 1975. He made his first team debut two years later, and scored in a 2–0 win against Rangers at Ibrox in his second appearance. He became club captain, appeared", "id": "6510043" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Johnstone\n\n\narrival at Celtic, Stein had doubts about Johnstone, considering him too much of an individual player, to the overall detriment of the team, and he left him out of the team for the 1965 Scottish Cup Final. Johnstone soon won Stein round with his skill, and won his first winner's medal on 23 October 1965 when he played in Celtic's 2–1 win over Rangers in the Scottish League Cup Final. His 32 league appearances and nine goals that season helped Celtic win their first league title in 12 years. Johnstone", "id": "811424" }, { "contents": "Eddie Rutherford\n\n\nEdward 'Eddie' Rutherford (8 February 1921 – 29 August 2007) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers, Hearts and Scotland. Born in Govan, Scotland, Rutherford joined Rangers from Mossvale in 1941 but during the Second World War he was posted to England so he guested for Lincoln City and Bradford City. He played three games for Bradford in 1944–45 in the Football League War Cup North section. After he had completed his service, Rutherford returned to Rangers and made his first appearance for the club on 19 October", "id": "14506034" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\n1954 Cox played his last match for Scotland, as he captained the team at Hampden in a 4–2 defeat by England in front on 134,544 spectators. 1954–55 was Cox's last season at Rangers as he made only 15 first-team appearances. He made his final Rangers appearance in a 2–1 defeat to Aberdeen on 19 February 1955. Cox made a total of 370 appearances for Rangers, won 25 caps for Scotland and 13 caps for the Scottish League XI. After his Rangers career, Cox had a spell with East Fife before", "id": "14907543" }, { "contents": "Gary Warren (footballer)\n\n\ngame of the season, Warren made his debut in a 2–2 draw against St Mirren. Two-months later on 22 December 2012, he scored his first goal for Inverness in a 4–1 win over Dundee. In the quarter-final of the Scottish League Cup, he scored his second goal for Inverness in a 3–0 win over Rangers, helping the club to reach the semi-final. In the first part of the season, Warren and his teammates struggled as the club found themselves near the foot of the table,", "id": "16107731" }, { "contents": "Ronnie McKinnon\n\n\nRonald McKinnon (born 20 August 1940 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who played for Rangers and the Scotland national team. MacKinnon, a defender, made his Rangers debut against Hearts on 8 March 1961 in a 3–0 win at Ibrox. He went on to make 473 appearances for Rangers between 1961 and 1972, winning two League championships, four Scottish Cups, three League Cups and a Cup Winners' Cup. He also won a total of 28 caps for Scotland, making his debut in the famous 1", "id": "19851592" }, { "contents": "James Marshall (footballer, born 1908)\n\n\nDr James Marshall (3 January 1908 — 27 December 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for both Rangers and Arsenal as well as the Scotland national side. He played as an inside forward. Marshall was born in Avonbridge, Stirlingshire and joined Rangers from Shettleston in 1925. During his nine-year spell at Ibrox he amassed five League championships and three Scottish Cups. He also won three Scotland caps, all of them against England between 1932 and 1934. In total he scored 138 goals in 257 league appearances for Rangers", "id": "4895243" }, { "contents": "Thomas Murray (footballer)\n\n\nThomas Murray (7 April 1889 – 1976) was an English professional footballer who played as a inside right. Born in Middlesbrough, Murray spent his early career with Middlesbrough, Aberdeen, Rangers and Heart of Midlothian. At Hearts he scored 12 goals in 28 league games between August 1911 and April 1912. He joined Bradford City in June 1912. He made 6 league appearances for Bradford City, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in February 1914 to join Hull City. For Hull he made a further 2 league appearances", "id": "5167081" }, { "contents": "Ernie Thompson (footballer, born 1909)\n\n\n, scoring once in a 2–2 draw; his only other appearance came a week later in a 1–0 home win over Crewe Alexandra. At the end of the season, Thompson joined Second Division Bristol City, but never made a first-team appearance, instead spending his single season with the club playing in the reserves in both the Western Section of the Southern Football League and the Western Football League First Division. He left before the end of the 1929–30 season in February 1930 to join Bath City, playing for them in the", "id": "16156938" }, { "contents": "Alan Morton\n\n\n\"\" (insurance salesman). Morton had already been capped while an amateur before joining Rangers (making his debut for Scotland on 26 February 1920 against Wales) but would go on to play in every international against the \"Auld Enemy\", England, from 1920 to 1932 bar the fixture at Old Trafford in 1926, eventually winning 31 caps. In addition he made 15 appearances (scoring 1 goal) for the Scottish League XI (making his debut on 22 February 1919 against the Football League at St. Andrews, Birmingham", "id": "6451273" }, { "contents": "Dan Thomson\n\n\nDaniel Thomson (born 10 August 1891 in Dundee) was a Scottish professional footballer. Thomson began his career with Aberdeen before moving on to St Johnstone from where he joined Bristol City in the 1925-26 season. He spent the following season with Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic before joining Torquay United in 1927. He played in United's first match in the Football League, a 1-1 draw with local rivals Exeter City at Plainmoor on 27 August 1927. He played in the next eight games for Torquay before losing his place", "id": "2040384" }, { "contents": "Jack Smith (footballer, born 1895)\n\n\nwinning the Scottish Cup in 1920, including scoring the third goal for Kilmarnock in the final when they defeated his former team, Albion Rovers, 3–2. Following a disagreement with Kilmarnock, Smith joined Cowdenbeath, where during 1921–22, he netted 45 goals as they finished runners-up in Division Two. At the season's end he joined Rangers for £3,000, making his debut at Ibrox Park on 15 August 1922, scoring in a 2–0 victory over Alloa Athletic. He only made two further appearances for Rangers, scoring once", "id": "17284045" }, { "contents": "Peter Thomson (footballer)\n\n\nIn two seasons at Kenilworth Road he made 11 League appearances, scoring 3 goals. Scoring twice against Stoke City in a memorable 3-1 away win. He also played two League games whilst on loan at Rushden & Diamonds, scoring once on his debut. He had a brief spell with Morecambe, scoring against Dagenham & Redbridge on his home debut with an overhead kick. Thomson joined Southport in July 2002. He returned to Lancaster City in December 2003 and enjoyed further success with Stafford Rangers in the summer of 2005.", "id": "8805355" }, { "contents": "John McPherson (footballer, born 1868)\n\n\nMcPherson also won three Scottish Cup medals with Rangers, the first in 1894, where he scored in five of Rangers' six matches, including the 3–1 final win over Celtic at Hampden. McPherson also scored in the 1897 final, where Rangers defeated Dumbarton 5–1. His third Scottish Cup winners medal came a year later, 1898, where Rangers defeated McPherson's former club Kilmarnock 2–0. His final recorded appearance for Rangers was in a 2–0 friendly defeat to Glentoran on 2 April 1902. McPherson was also a Scottish International, winning", "id": "8242049" }, { "contents": "James Cairns (forward)\n\n\nJames Cairns (\"unknown\" – \"unknown\") was a footballer who played at inside right for several English clubs, including Lincoln City and Newton Heath in the late 1890s. Cairns began his football career with Stevenston Thistle in 1895, before moving to Glossop North End. In September 1897, he joined Football League side Lincoln City, but before he made an appearance for the club, he had moved on to Newton Heath in April 1898. It took Cairns six months to make his debut for the Heathens, eventually", "id": "22214514" }, { "contents": "Andy Neil\n\n\nAndrew Neil (18 November 1892 – 14 August 1941) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 328 Football League appearances playing as an inside forward or wing half for Brighton & Hove Albion (two spells), Arsenal and Queens Park Rangers. Neil was born in Crosshouse, near Kilmarnock in Ayrshire. He joined Kilmarnock of Division One from junior club Ardeer Thistle, and made his debut on 12 April 1913 away to Motherwell. He played regularly in his second season, and in 1914–15, his 20 goals placed him sixth in", "id": "2233011" }, { "contents": "Ernest Myers (footballer)\n\n\nErnest Myers, also known as Colin Myers, was an English professional footballer who played as an inside left. Born in Chapeltown, Sheffield, Myers spent his early career with Northfleet, Crystal Palace and Hickleton Main Colliery. He joined Bradford City in April 1914, and made 1 league appearance for the club, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in May 1920 to join Southend United, where he scored 2 goals in 23 league games. He later played for Aberdare Athletic, Northampton Town, Queens Park Rangers, Exeter", "id": "5167086" }, { "contents": "Billy Bennett (footballer, born 1955)\n\n\nthen over a year before Bennett made another senior appearance, when he again scored in a 3–0 Hearts win over Berwick Rangers in the final of the East of Scotland Shield. He made his league debut for Hearts on 16 November 1974 in the 1–3 defeat away at Arbroath. Bennett left Hearts in the summer of 1976 to sign for Third Division outfit Berwick Rangers. In two seasons with The Borderers, he played 69 league matches and scored 8 goals. At the start of the 1978–79 season, Bennett joined Forfar Athletic. He", "id": "17097673" }, { "contents": "Jerome Thomas\n\n\nhe scored a goal in the final over Blackburn Rovers. He was loaned out to Second Division side Queens Park Rangers in the 2001–02 and 2002–03 seasons. He made his debut in the Football League on 30 March 2002, in a 3–2 win over Tranmere Rovers at Prenton Park. He scored his first professional goal on 6 April, the only goal of the game against Swindon Town at the County Ground in a 1–0 win for QPR. During his second loan spell in October 2002, he scored long distance goals away at Cheltenham", "id": "9097657" }, { "contents": "Willie Reid (footballer)\n\n\nEngland with Portsmouth. Reid returned to Scotland in April 1909 when signed by Rangers, where he won three league titles in eleven seasons. He was the club's top scorer for six consecutive seasons, between 1910 and 1916. He received all his caps for Scottish national side while with Rangers. Reid made his Scotland debut in a 2–2 draw with Wales in 1911 and earned his last cap three years later, against England. Reid also represented the Scottish League XI. His football career was interrupted by the First World War,", "id": "15187335" }, { "contents": "Stephen McGinn\n\n\nRangers, where St Mirren won 1–0, the team's first home league win over Rangers in 22 years. McGinn started the 2009–10 season on bench in the Scottish League Cup game but then went on to score on his first start of the season in a 2–1 loss to Hibernian on 15 August 2009. He continued his season with a brace against Kilmarnock at Rugby Park, where The Buddies came from behind to win 2–1. McGinn signed for Watford in January 2010, for an undisclosed fee. He made his first Watford appearance", "id": "14258787" }, { "contents": "Anthony Ralston\n\n\nAnthony Ralston (born 16 November 1998) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Celtic. He also spent several months on loan at Queens Park in 2015 and at Dundee United in 2018. Ralston made his debut for the Celtic first team on 11 May 2016, in a 2–1 defeat against St Johnstone. He scored his first goal for Celtic in a 5–0 Scottish League Cup win over Kilmarnock on 8 August 2017. He made some further appearances early in the 2017–18 season, including a Champions League match against Paris Saint-", "id": "17673352" }, { "contents": "Sam Gallacher\n\n\nSamuel Gallacher (born 23 December 1904) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a centre half. Born in Annbank, Gallacher played for Larkfield Juniors and Cadzow St. Anne's in his native Scotland, before moving to England to join Bradford City in May 1924. For Bradford City he made 40 appearances in the Football League, scoring 2 goals. He left the club in August 1927 to join Crystal Palace. He later played for Lincoln City, making 13 appearances in the Football League as well as one FA Cup appearance", "id": "4883696" }, { "contents": "Julien Rodriguez\n\n\nJulien Rodriguez (born 11 June 1978 in Béziers, France) is a French former professional footballer who played as a defender. Rodriguez started his career at AS Monaco, making 135 appearances for the club and helping them to reach the 2004 Champions League final. He joined Scottish Premier League club Rangers in August 2005 for £1m. He scored his first goal for Rangers on 11 March 2006 in Rangers' 4–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Ibrox Stadium and made a total of 30 appearances in his debut season with the club.", "id": "11830556" }, { "contents": "Mark Williams (Scottish footballer)\n\n\n-year contract by his former St Mirren manager Danny Lennon. Nine days later he made his debut, playing the full 90 minutes as they won 1–0 at Highland League team Brora Rangers in the first round of the Scottish Challenge Cup. On 8 August he played his first league game, a 3–1 loss away to Queen of the South. In February 2016, he moved on loan to Arbroath in Scottish League Two; on 12 March he scored his first career goal to conclude a 3–0 win over East Stirlingshire at Gayfield Park", "id": "15479008" }, { "contents": "Jack Blackman (English footballer)\n\n\nJohn James Blackman (25 November 1912 – 1987) was an English retired professional footballer who played in the Football League for Crystal Palace and Queens Park Rangers as a forward. He also played non-league football for Guildford City. Blackman began his career at Queens Park Rangers and in October 1935, signed for Crystal Palace, then playing in the Football League Third Division South. He made a goal-scoring debut in November in a home 5–0 win against Millwall and went on to make 27 appearances that season scoring 19 times", "id": "13124108" }, { "contents": "Paul Bennett (footballer, born 1961)\n\n\nPaul Bennett (born 30 January 1961) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Port Vale. Bennett was an Everton youth team player before joining Port Vale in September 1978. He made his debut as a substitute in a 1–1 draw with Peterborough United at London Road on 1 November 1980, and three weeks later he scored his first goal in a 4–2 win over Bradford City. He went on to play 26 Fourth Division games in the 1980–81 season, and scored his first goal in the Football League", "id": "4265172" }, { "contents": "Nicol Smith\n\n\nNicol Smith (25 December 1873 – 6 January 1905) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers. Born in Darvel, Ayrshire, Smith played as a fullback for local sides Vale of Irvine, Royal Albert and Darvel, earning junior international selection, before joining Rangers in 1893. He made only two league appearances in his first season at the club, but by 1893–94, he had established himself in the Rangers team, missing just one of the 18 league fixtures. During that season he was also responsible for bringing Alex", "id": "20560230" }, { "contents": "Bill Paterson (footballer, born 1930)\n\n\nthe proceeds adding to the transfer deal. He had a relatively unsuccessful three years on Tyneside and so returned to Scotland to join Rangers for £3,500. His debut came on 13 August 1958 in a 2-1 home league win against Partick Thistle. That was the first of three appearances that he would make that entire season. Overall Paterson did go on to make 116 top team appearances for the club and won two Scottish league championships. He also claimed a Scottish Cup, a Scottish League Cup, a Charity Cup winners", "id": "14236809" }, { "contents": "David McClure (footballer)\n\n\nDavid McClure was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a right-back who had spells in Scotland, Ireland and England. He was born in Slamannan, Stirlingshire, but began his footballing career in Ireland with Glenavon. McClure then returned to Scotland to play Junior league football with Dunipace, before joining Scottish Football League club St Johnstone in 1924. In June 1927, he was signed by Football League Third Division North club Nelson and made his debut for the club on 24 September 1927 in the 2–1 win against Durham City.", "id": "19923020" }, { "contents": "Arthur Adey\n\n\nArthur Lewis Adey (1 March 1930 - January 1994) was a Scottish professional association football player of the 1950s. Born in Glasgow, he was a centre forward and began his professional career with Doncaster Rovers and later played for Gillingham and Bradford Park Avenue. He made 68 appearances in The Football League and scored 15 goals. He signed for Doncaster Rovers in September 1950, following his move from Bishop Auckland and made his professional debut in Division Two on 14 April 1951 against Queens Park Rangers. In 1954, after three more", "id": "17203075" }, { "contents": "Billy Hogg\n\n\nWilliam Hogg (29 May 1879 – 30 January 1937) was an English footballer who played at outside right, winning the Football League championship with Sunderland in 1901–02, before moving to Scotland where he won the Scottish League title three times with Rangers. He also made three appearances for England in 1902. Hogg was born in Sunderland and was playing local football with Willington Athletic when he was spotted by Sunderland where he became a professional in October 1899. He made his debut on 2 December 1899, scoring in a 5–0 victory over", "id": "13514822" }, { "contents": "John Ballantyne (footballer)\n\n\nJohn Ballantyne (30 June 1892 – after 1917) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 20 appearances in the Football League playing for Birmingham and played for Scottish Football League clubs Kilmarnock, Vale of Leven and Rangers. He played as an outside right. Ballantyne was born in Riccarton, Ayrshire. He played for Kilmarnock and Vale of Leven before coming to England to join Football League Second Division club Birmingham in April 1913. He made his debut on 26 April 1913, the last day of the 1912–13 season, in a 2–1", "id": "2299260" }, { "contents": "Liam Burt\n\n\nLiam Burt (born 1 February 1999) is a Scottish footballer who last played for Rangers, as a midfielder. He made his first team debut for Rangers in March 2016, and has also played on loan for Dumbarton and Alloa Athletic. Burt has represented Scotland at various youth levels up to under-21 level. Burt played youth football for Celtic before being released and subsequently joining the Rangers Academy. He made his professional debut for the club aged seventeen during a Scottish Championship match against Raith Rovers on 1 March 2016. A few", "id": "3837470" }, { "contents": "James Hamilton (footballer, born 1901)\n\n\nJames Hamilton (16 June 1901 – 1975) was a Scottish footballer who played for Vale of Clyde, St Mirren, Rangers, Blackpool, Barrow, Armadale and Scotland. He was a full-back. Bargeddie-born Hamilton made his debut for Harry Evans' Blackpool at home to Bristol City on 15 September 1928, six games into their 1928–29 Football League campaign. He made a further 24 League appearances that season as \"the Tangerines\" finished eighth in Division Two. He started the first three League games of the", "id": "1708146" }, { "contents": "John Campbell (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\nJohn William Campbell (2 October 1877 – 20 January 1919) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Linthouse, Partick Thistle, Blackburn Rovers, Rangers, West Ham United, Hibernian and the Scotland national team. He was born in Glasgow and gained the most success in his career with Rangers with whom he won four successive league titles (1898–99, 1899–00, 1900–01 and 1901–02) the first of which Rangers won all 18 of their Scottish league matches. He also represented Scotland at international level, winning four caps and scoring", "id": "13889025" }, { "contents": "Matt Hill (footballer)\n\n\nMatthew Clayton Hill (born 26 March 1981) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for Bradford Park Avenue. Born in Bristol, Hill started his career with Bristol City where he made over 200 appearances. He subsequently joined Preston North End where he also spent a successful spell, playing over 100 times for the Lancashire club. A move to Wolverhampton Wanderers followed but first team opportunities were more limited and he was loaned to Queens Park Rangers before leaving to join Barnsley. After only one season at the South Yorkshire club", "id": "15275700" }, { "contents": "Dennis O'Donnell\n\n\nDennis O'Donnell (q1 1880 – after 1908) was an English professional footballer who scored 41 goals from 167 appearances in the Football League playing as a forward for Lincoln City, Sunderland, Notts County and Bradford Park Avenue. He also played in the Southern League for Queens Park Rangers. O'Donnell was born in Willington Quay, then in Northumberland. He made his debut for Lincoln City on 5 October 1901 in a 2–1 win at home to Middlesbrough in the Football League Second Division, and played for the club until the end of", "id": "1332551" }, { "contents": "William McLachlan (footballer)\n\n\nWilliam McLachlan (born 19 March 1989) is a Scottish footballer currently playing for Irvine Meadow in the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region. He has previously played in the Scottish Football League First Division for Airdrie United and for Australian club Melbourne Knights in the Victorian Premier League. McLachlan began his career with Rangers and appeared for the Scotland U-16 team in a Victory Shield match against Northern Ireland in October 2004. In December 2008, he joined Airdrie United on loan. He made his debut against St Johnstone on 20 December.", "id": "18351658" }, { "contents": "Bruno Andrade (footballer, born 1993)\n\n\njoined Lincoln City for the 2018-19 League Two season for a free transfer on the 24th May 2018. Born in Portugal, Andrade joined the Queens Park Rangers academy at the age of 13. He made his debut for Queens Park Rangers against Preston North End on 20 November 2010. He then made his second appearance for the club against Blackburn Rovers in the FA Cup. He replaced Jamie Mackie who had broken his leg. He made a further two first-team appearances at the beginning of the 2011–12 season, including", "id": "14654306" }, { "contents": "John Walker (footballer, born 1873)\n\n\nscored the winning goal against West Bromwich Albion on the final day of the season to secure the title. Walker played another 18 times for Liverpool in 1901–02 before returning to Scotland to join Rangers, who had just won a fourth successive domestic title but were also facing financial troubles due to the reconstruction work required on their stadium after the recent 1902 Ibrox disaster. He scored at a rate of nearly a goal every two league games over his three seasons with the Glasgow club, and appeared in two further Scottish Cup finals. In", "id": "15474189" }, { "contents": "Charles Dennington\n\n\nCharles Dennington (born 7 October 1899, died 1943) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Beccles, Dennington played for Norwich City, Bradford City and Kirkley. He joined Norwich from his home town club, Beccles Town, and made his debut in a 1-1 draw against Queens Park Rangers in the Third Division (South) in August 1922, establishing himself as the Canaries' first choice ahead of William O'Hagen and Ernest Williamson. He missed just twenty League games over the next five", "id": "8086327" }, { "contents": "Davy McDougall\n\n\nside of 1899–00. He was also with Rangers without apparently making a first team appearance. In summer 1900 he joined Southern League Bristol City from Partick Thistle making his debut at outside left in a 0–2 defeat at Luton Town on 15 September 1900. He made 11 appearances scoring 2 goals playing on both right and left wings in season 1900–01 when Bristol City were runners up in the Southern League. He also played on both wings in 12 Western League games scoring 2 goals. He rejoined Rangers in the summer of 1901 making 4", "id": "20661422" }, { "contents": "Gordon Smith (footballer, born December 1954)\n\n\n. He was sold to Rangers in 1977 for £65,000. In his first season with Rangers, Smith won the domestic treble, scoring 27 goals from midfield. He also scored the winning goal in the 1978 Scottish League Cup Final, against Celtic. He was sold to Brighton & Hove Albion in 1980 for a record transfer fee of £440,000. He returned to Rangers on loan in December 1982, playing in the 1982 League Cup Final defeat by Celtic. Smith made three appearances during his loan spell, without scoring.", "id": "8508165" }, { "contents": "George Stewart (footballer, born 1932)\n\n\nGeorge Stewart (16 November 1932 – 22 May 1998) was a Scottish footballer, who played as a goalkeeper for Petershill Juniors, Raith Rovers, Stirling Albion, Montrose and Bradford City. Born in Larkhall in 1932, Stewart started his career with junior side Petershill. He was capped by the Scotland junior select team while with the club. He joined the senior game when he signed for Raith Rovers in 1952. He made 68 appearances in the Scottish Football League for three clubs in seven seasons, before moving to England to", "id": "22044872" }, { "contents": "Tommy Anderson (footballer)\n\n\nfor a fee of £1,000, but in November the same year he moved to Queen's Park Rangers. He had only played five league games for Bournemouth, scoring once. He went on to score 3 times in 10 league games for Rangers in the 1958–59 season. He moved again in July 1959, signing for Torquay United. He made his debut on 22 August 1959, the first day of the 1959–60 season, in a 2–1 home win against Doncaster Rovers. In his season with Torquay he played in nine league", "id": "2845776" }, { "contents": "Richard Edghill\n\n\nof Sun Jihai served to further limit Richard's opportunities at the club and he was released at the end of the 2001–02 promotion winning campaign, having made a total of 207 appearances for the club in nine years. Following his release Edghill had short unsuccessful spells with Wigan Athletic and Sheffield United before joining Queens Park Rangers in August 2003. In the 2005 close season Edghill joined Bradford City on a free transfer. At Bradford he scored twice; against Tranmere Rovers in the league and Barnsley in the FA Cup. He was one", "id": "9473165" }, { "contents": "John Blackwood (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\n, who then sold him to Football League Second Division club Woolwich Arsenal. After joining Woolwich Arsenal in May 1900, Blackwood scored on his debut, in a 2–1 win over Gainsborough Trinity on the opening day of the 1900–01 season. This was to be his only season with the club; he scored six goals in 17 league appearances. He also scored during his one appearance in the FA Cup, against Darwen on 5 January 1901. He left for Reading in May 1901. In November 1902, Blackwood joined Queens Park Rangers", "id": "4952881" }, { "contents": "David Amoo\n\n\nRobinson's first-team however, and made just two further substitute appeareances at Stadium MK before returning to Anfield on 23 February. On 28 February, he joined Championship side Hull City on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. He made his \"Tigers\" debut coming on as a replacement for Jay Simpson in a 1–0 win at Nottingham Forest on 5 March. He scored his first goal in senior football in a 1–1 draw at Queens Park Rangers on 25 April. Unable to break into Nigel Pearson's first-", "id": "5142268" }, { "contents": "Chris Brandon\n\n\nin Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, on 7 April 1976. He attended Yorkshire Martyrs Collegiate School in Bradford and supported the city's Football League team Bradford City. Brandon started his football career as a trainee for Bradford City, but he was dropped by their academy and joined non-league side Bradford Park Avenue. He later played for Farsley Celtic before joining Stafford Rangers. He played 32 times for Rangers over two seasons before returning to play for Bradford Park Avenue. In his two spells with Park Avenue, Brandon played", "id": "14931377" }, { "contents": "Sam Charnley\n\n\nSamuel \"Sam\" Charnley (18 November 1902 – 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for Wolverhampton Wanderers in the Football League. Born in Craigneuk, a suburb of Wishaw, North Lanarkshire, Charnley played for Burnbank Athletic before joining Wolverhampton Wanderers of the Football League Second Division in January 1925. He made his debut on 12 September 1925 in a 4–1 win against Portsmouth. After making 55 appearances in total, scoring once, he joined Midland League team York City in August 1928. He captained York in the 1928–29 season", "id": "10736957" }, { "contents": "Sébastien Faure (footballer)\n\n\n. Faure joined Rangers on a three-year deal pending international clearance on 21 August 2012. After the move, Faure says he joined Rangers because Manager Ally McCoist persuaded him to join. He made his debut against First Division side Falkirk in the Scottish League Cup on 30 August 2012. It was on 23 February 2013, when Faure scored his first ever senior goal. This came whilst playing Third Division Berwick Rangers and it contributed to a 3–1 win away from home. Faure had his first run out of the season in", "id": "5596733" }, { "contents": "Dave MacFarlane\n\n\nDave MacFarlane (16 January 1967 – 30 October 2013) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Kilmarnock. MacFarlane began his career with Ayr United Boys Club before joining Rangers. Whilst at Ibrox he made seven league appearances and picked up a winner's medal in October 1986 when he came on as a second-half substitute in Rangers 2-1 win over Celtic in the Scottish League Cup Final. MacFarlane also had loan spells with Kilmarnock and Dundee, before joining the former on a permanent", "id": "7049582" }, { "contents": "Rocco Quinn\n\n\nAugust 2009. His league debut was the 1–1 home draw a week later against Raith Rovers. He scored league goals that season in games against Ayr United, Partick Thistle and a double against Greenock Morton. The Palmerston Park side ended the season in fifth place. He also played on 23 September 2009 in the 2–1 home League Cup defeat against Rangers. In total Quinn made 35 competitive first team appearances in his first season. The QoS website confirmed on 18 June 2011 that Quinn had left and signed for Ross County. In", "id": "16760979" }, { "contents": "Tommy Kelso\n\n\nTommy Kelso (6 May 1882-29 January 1974) was a Scottish footballer who played as a full back for Manchester City between 1906 and 1911. Kelso started his career at Third Lanark before signing for Manchester City in 1906. He made his debut for Manchester City in September 1906 in a 4-1 defeat against Arsenal. He made 139 league appearances for Manchester City and scored 3 goals. He subsequently returned to Scotland and played for Dundee, Rangers and Dumbarton. He won one Scotland cap in 1914 in a 0", "id": "5742448" }, { "contents": "Luke Freeman\n\n\nLeague Trophy and League One titles during his first season with the team. He spent two-and-a-half years at Bristol City before joining Queens Park Rangers in January 2017. Freeman began his career at Charlton Athletic, joining the club's academy in 2001 after being scouted playing Sunday league youth football. He spent two years at Charlton before being released \"for being too small\". Following his release from Charlton, Freeman joined Gillingham at the age of 11. He made his first-team debut for Gillingham", "id": "8315727" }, { "contents": "David Provan (footballer, born 1941)\n\n\nDavid Provan (11 March 1941 – 26 November 2016) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for Rangers, Crystal Palace, Plymouth Argyle and St Mirren. Provan also played for Scotland and the Scottish League XI. Provan was a product of the Rangers youth team and played as a full back. He made his debut on 27 December 1958, in a league match away to Third Lanark which Rangers won 3-2. He helped the club win a domestic treble in 1963–4 and played in the 1967 European Cup Winners", "id": "926204" }, { "contents": "Neil Danns\n\n\ndeal. He had rejected an offer from Scottish Premier League club Rangers. Danns made his Leicester City debut, where he started the whole game, in a 1–0 win over Coventry City in the opening game of the season. He scored his first goal for Leicester City on 23 August 2011 in a 4–2 away win against Bury in the League Cup. Danns soon became a first team regular for the side at the start of the season, finding himself rotated. He scored his first league goal for the club against Blackpool in", "id": "141524" }, { "contents": "Billy Blunt\n\n\nWilliam Blunt (5 August 1886 – 1962) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Wolverhampton Wanderers and Bristol Rovers. Blunt joined Second Division Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1908 from nearby non-league side Stafford Rangers. He made his Football League debut on 28 November 1908 in a 1–2 defeat at Oldham Athletic. He scored two in his second appearance (against Clapton Orient) and ended the season with 8 goals. The 1909–10 campaign saw him score 27 goals, making him the club's top goalscorer for the season", "id": "5433307" }, { "contents": "Gordon Ashcroft\n\n\nGordon Aschroft (7 September 1902 – after 1930) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Lea, Lancashire, he played for Coppull Central before joining Football League First Division side Burnley in November 1925. He made his debut for the club on 7 December 1925 in the 3–1 win against Birmingham at Turf Moor. Ashcroft failed to make another first-team appearance for Burnley and was released at the end of the 1926–27 season. In August 1927 he signed for Burscough Rangers, and then played for", "id": "5652868" }, { "contents": "Raul Correia\n\n\ngoal for Guiseley on 16 September in a 1–1 draw away to Wrexham after guiding Will Hatfield's deflected shot from distance past goalkeeper Luke Coddington. Correia made his final appearance in a 4–0 defeat away to Tranmere Rovers on 30 December, and returned to his parent club two days later. On 11 January 2018, Correia joined National League North club York City on loan for the remainder of the season. Two days later, he made his debut by starting in a 2–1 home win against Bradford Park Avenue. He scored his first", "id": "12088537" }, { "contents": "Bobby Main\n\n\nRobert Frame Main (10 February 1909 – 30 March 1985) was a Scottish professional football player, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Main began his career at local team Baillieston Juniors and joined Rangers in 1929, initially as understudy to Sandy Archibald. He was in and out of the side for four years before becoming a regular in 1933. During his spell at the club he won two Scottish league championships, two Scottish Cups, three Glasgow Cups and two Charity Cups. He made 158 appearances for Rangers", "id": "12825737" }, { "contents": "Ian McColl\n\n\nfinal appearance for Rangers was in the 1960 Scottish Cup Final, a 2–0 win against Kilmarnock. He made a total of 526 appearances for the Glasgow club. He also won 14 caps for Scotland and represented the Scottish League XI. After his playing career, he quickly went into management. He was appointed manager of Scotland in 1960 and enjoyed a winning start, beating Northern Ireland 5–2 at Hampden Park. Under McColl's managership, Scotland won British Home Championships in 1962 and 1963. The team beat England 2–0 at Hampden and", "id": "14525157" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Sharp\n\n\nyear later, in 1905 he was snapped up by Woolwich Arsenal of the First Division and promptly became a regular in the side after making his debut against Liverpool on 2 September 1905. He missed only three league games in his first season and reached the FA Cup semi-finals twice in his first two seasons. At Arsenal Sharp also won another three Scotland caps, before Rangers prised him away in April 1908 for £400. In total he played 116 games for Arsenal, scoring 5 goals. His spell at Rangers only", "id": "17959164" }, { "contents": "Craig Beattie\n\n\nplayed a competitive game in two months he missed the game against Dundee United on 25 February as was not match fit. After scoring twice in a bounce game, he made his debut as a substitute on 3 March against Rangers in a 2–1 win at Ibrox. He scored his first goal for Hearts in a 2–2 draw with St Mirren in the Scottish Cup 6th round at Tynecaste on 10 March. He had a second goal in the same match wrongfully ruled out for offside. In just his second league appearance for the club", "id": "12813032" }, { "contents": "Vladimír Weiss (footballer, born 1989)\n\n\nsubstitute. On 19 August 2010, Weiss joined Scottish side Rangers on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. Prior to signing for Rangers, Weiss rejected a move to their city rivals Celtic. He made his Rangers debut against Hibernian at Easter Road on 22 August coming on as a substitute for James Beattie, setting up the second goal with Rangers going on to win 3–0. He scored his first goal for Rangers in a 4–1 home win against Motherwell and five days later made his Champions League debut against Valencia, providing", "id": "535578" }, { "contents": "Ralph Brand\n\n\nplayed his last match for Rangers on 23 April 1965 when he scored the only goal in a 1–0 win over Third Lanark in the final League game of the season. Brand was sold to Manchester City in August that year for £30,000. Two years later he moved to Sunderland before returning to Scottish football at Raith Rovers (managed by his friend Jimmy Millar). He retired in 1970, although he would come out of retirement to play a handful of matches for Hamilton Academical in 1971–72. Brand played for Scotland eight times", "id": "16219219" } ]

[ { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nTommy Cairns (30 October 1890 – 30 November 1967) was a Scottish footballer who played for Bristol City, Peebles Rovers, St Johnstone, Rangers, Bradford City and Scotland. Born in Merryton, Lanarkshire, Cairns made his name in Junior football, helping Burnbank Athletic to the Scottish Junior Cup in 1911. He also appeared for Larkhall Thistle before earning an opportunity in the senior leagues. His first professional club was Bristol City where he played for two seasons from 1911. He joined Peebles Rovers in 1913 and had a short", "id": "21330844" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nan ever-present and scored 11 goals. Cairns enjoyed further League title successes in 1919–20, 1920–21, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1924–25 and 1926–27 before joining Bradford City in 1927. His final Rangers appearance was in a 2–1 win over Queen's Park on 1 March 1927. In his time with Bradford he made 135 appearances and won a Division Three North medal in 1929. He retired from football in 1932 and later worked as a scout for Arsenal. Cairns was also capped at international level, making eight Scotland appearances. He", "id": "21330846" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nspell with St Johnstone before joining Rangers in November 1913. He made his debut against Hamilton Academical on 27 December 1913 and played a total of nine games in his first season as Rangers finished second to rivals Celtic in Division One. Cairns was a regular in the Rangers team the following season, missing just one league game. He continued to be a regular in the team for the next two seasons but it was in season 1917–18 that he won his first League title (Rangers' first for five years). Cairns was", "id": "21330845" }, { "contents": "Kevin Cairns (footballer)\n\n\nin September 1960, making his debut that month in a Scottish Football League match against St Johnstone. After being a first team regular in his first season, Cairns made only one appearance in 1961–62 and was given a free transfer by Dundee United in May 1962. He signed for Southport in August 1962, going on to make 206 appearances in the Football League over the next six years. He then played non-league football for Wigan Athletic, where he played four games in the Cheshire League, and made a further five", "id": "20271756" }, { "contents": "Sandy Archibald\n\n\nRangers won the League title for the first time in 5 seasons. Archibald went on to win thirteen league titles in his seventeen seasons with the Glasgow club. He also won three Scottish Cup medals, the first of which was Rangers' first in 25 years and Archibald scored twice in the final as Rangers defeated Celtic 4–0 at Hampden. His final appearance for Rangers was in a 1–1 draw away to Queen's Park on 30 April 1934. He made 580 appearances for Rangers. Archibald won a total of 8 caps for Scotland", "id": "9747370" }, { "contents": "Arthur Dixon (footballer, born 1892)\n\n\nfirst goal for the club on 8 March 1919 in a 3–0 league win against Hamilton Academical. He enjoyed a benefit match at Ibrox Park on 10 September 1923. A crowd of 10,000 watched Rangers draw 1–1 with Liverpool. The Rangers side was: Hamilton (goalkeeper), Manderson, Meiklejohn, Dixon, McCandless, Archibald, Muirhead, Morton, Hansen, Cairns. The goalscorer for Rangers was Hansen. In total he made 361 appearances (326 league and 35 Scottish Cup) for the club. He scored eight goals (", "id": "11923821" }, { "contents": "Bert Manderson\n\n\nBert Manderson (9 May 1893 – 27 April 1946) was an Irish footballer, who played for Rangers and Ireland. Manderson, a right-back, made his Rangers debut in a 1-1 draw with Aberdeen on 27 March 1915. He had joined Rangers from Glenavon for £150. He previously had spells at Cliftonville and Belfast Celtic. He went on to make 370 league appearances (452 in total) in 12 seasons with the club, winning seven Scottish league titles. Manderson left Rangers to join Bradford Park", "id": "21502381" }, { "contents": "Archie Devine\n\n\nScotland, but he never played for the national side again. He also made one appearance for the Scottish League XI in that season, in a 3–2 win against the English Football League XI. In April 1910 he moved south of the border to Bradford City, and was part of the side that won the 1911 FA Cup Final against Newcastle United. He stayed at Bradford for nearly three years before joining Woolwich Arsenal. He made his debut for Arsenal against Chelsea on 15 February 1913, and was part of the team that", "id": "20302147" }, { "contents": "James Stewart (footballer, born 1883)\n\n\nhe played in the losing side in the final against Bradford City. He made his third, and final, England appearance against Scotland on 1 April 1911 and again scored in a 1–1 draw. All three of his international appearances thus ended 1–1. He continued to be a regular member of the Newcastle side until he was sold to Rangers in 1913 for £600. In his Newcastle career he made a total of 138 appearances with 53 goals. In May 1914 he returned to his native north-east, and non-", "id": "11906121" }, { "contents": "George Waddell\n\n\nGeorge Barr Waddell (29 November 1888 – 17 September 1966) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Scottish Football League for Rangers and in the Football League in England for Bradford City, Preston North End, Oldham Athletic, Birmingham and New Brighton. He played as a wing half. Waddell was born in Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire. He began his football career in junior football before joining Rangers in 1909. He made his debut in Division One on 26 April 1909 in a 3–2 defeat to Queen's Park. Over the", "id": "656965" }, { "contents": "Andrew Shinnie\n\n\ninternational debut for Scotland in November 2012, in a 2–1 win over Luxembourg. Shinnie made his first team debut for Rangers on 17 March 2007, coming on as a substitute for Dado Pršo in a Scottish Premier League match against Aberdeen. On the same day, he scored two goals for Rangers' under-19 team against St Mirren under-19s. In April, he scored the first goal in the 5–0 win over rivals Celtic as Rangers won the 2007 Scottish Youth Cup Final. He went on to sign a new three-year professional", "id": "14751617" }, { "contents": "Bobby McKean\n\n\nRobert Munro McKean (8 December 1952 – 15 March 1978) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for St Mirren and Rangers. He appeared in one full international match for Scotland, in 1976. McKean started his career at local club Blantyre Victoria before moving to St Mirren in 1969. After five seasons in Paisley he joined Rangers for £50,000 in September 1974. He enjoyed a successful spell in Govan and won the league twice in his first two seasons. He was also part of the 1976 Scottish Cup Final winning", "id": "303577" }, { "contents": "Andy Cunningham (footballer)\n\n\n1918–19. In total, he made 389 appearances and scored 182 goals for Rangers. He won 7 League titles and played in Rangers' famous 1928 Scottish Cup final triumph where they defeated Celtic 4–0 to win their first Scottish Cup in 25 years. Cunningham was also capped at international level, playing 12 times for Scotland and scoring 5 goals. He lost just one of his 12 games for Scotland. Cunningham also represented the Scottish League XI 10 times. Cunningham moved to Newcastle United in 1928, becoming the then oldest player to", "id": "19975016" }, { "contents": "Archie Mitchell (footballer)\n\n\nthe team win the Birmingham & District League title in the 1905–06 and 1906–07 seasons. Mitchell departed Villa in 1907. On 2 May 1907, Mitchell joined Southern League First Division club Queens Park Rangers. He had a good start to his career with the Hoops, winning the 1907–08 First Division title in his debut season. A further First Division title was won in 1911–12, with the Charity Shield being lost 2–1 to Football League First Division champions Blackburn Rovers. He remained with Queens Park Rangers through to 1921 and finally made his", "id": "9272843" }, { "contents": "James Bowie (footballer)\n\n\nJames Bowie (9 July 1888 – 7 August 1972) was a Scottish football player and football administrator, who played for and was chairman of Rangers. He began his career at Maryhill Juniors and joined Rangers in December 1910 from Queen's Park. He made his debut against Falkirk on 10 December 1910. During his time at the club he won six League championships and played in a total of 351 competitive games, scoring 70 goals. Bowie won two Scotland caps in 1920, and also played in three wartime internationals in 1919", "id": "4895542" }, { "contents": "James Vaughan (footballer, born 1988)\n\n\n. He made his second debut for the club in the 1–0 defeat by Nottingham Forest on 3 August. After scoring two goals in the League Cup win over Bradford City on 6 August, he scored his first league goal on his return in the 1–1 draw with Queens Park Rangers on 10 August. On 24 August, he scored a hat-trick in a 5–1 win against A.F.C. Bournemouth. Vaughan joined fellow Championship club Birmingham City on 26 November 2015, on loan until 2 January 2016. He made his debut as a", "id": "14499593" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Smith (footballer, born 1911)\n\n\ncontinued their dominance of Scottish football. Smith also collected his first Scottish Cup medal, scoring in a 5-0 defeat of St Mirren in the final at Hampden. Success for Smith and Rangers continued. The League title was again won in 1934–35 with Smith scoring 43 goals in 38 matches, including 6 in a 7-1 defeat of Dunfermline Athletic. He also collected his second Scottish Cup medal, scoring twice in the 2-1 against Hamilton Academical in the final. Rangers went on to win two of the next", "id": "14794886" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\na 4–2 win over Motherwell at the start of the 1946–47 season. He made a total of 13 league appearances in his first season, including a 4–1 win over Hamilton Academical in the last match, as Rangers beat Hibernian to clinch the League title. In the following season, 1947–48, Cox was an ever present as Rangers finished second to Hibs in the league, and won the Scottish Cup after a 1–0 win over Greenock Morton. Cox also netted his first Rangers goal during the season, scoring in a 2–1 win over", "id": "14907540" }, { "contents": "Andrew Little (footballer)\n\n\nas making one appearance for the \"B\" team, he won his first senior cap in March 2009, and appeared nine times in total. A former Ballinamallard United player, he moved from Northern Ireland to Scotland in 2006 to join the Rangers Academy. He scored for the \"Gers\" in the club's Scottish Youth Cup final victory over Old Firm rival's Celtic at Hampden Park in 2008. That season he also helped the club to top the SPFL Development League. He made his senior debut as a substitute for", "id": "5532587" }, { "contents": "Jim Eadie\n\n\nJames Eadie (born 4 February 1947) is a Scottish former professional footballer. During his career, he made over 200 appearances in the Football League in spells with Cardiff City, Chester and Bristol Rovers. Eadie began his career at Rangers but never made a first team appearance for the club, moving to Dumbarton where he played a handful of matches before joining Kirkintilloch Rob Roy. It wasn't until he moved south to play in The Football League that he began to play regular football. He signed for Cardiff City in 1969", "id": "15683889" }, { "contents": "Andrew McAtee\n\n\nconscripted in 1917 and served in Italy. On returning to Scotland McAtee resumed his successful football career with Celtic, participating in two further league title-winning seasons for a total of six. He also featured in a further Scottish Cup victory in 1923, twelve years after his first in 1911, and won four Glasgow Cups, scoring the winning goal against Clyde in the 1920-21 final. He made one appearance for Scotland in 1913 versus Wales but was selected more frequently for the Scottish League XI, playing in seven games", "id": "872940" }, { "contents": "Bobby Russell (footballer, born 1957)\n\n\nRobert Russell (born 11 February 1957 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Russell joined Rangers from Shettleston Juniors in 1977 and made his first team debut against Aberdeen on 13 August that year, aged only 20. The game ended in a 3–1 defeat, however Rangers went on to win the treble that season and Russell cemented his place on the right side of the midfield. He made 370 appearances for the club and won a league championship, two Scottish Cups", "id": "82295" }, { "contents": "Aaron Ramsey\n\n\nMifsud. On 26 April, he scored his first league goal in a 3–3 draw against Burnley. He went on to make his first career league start three weeks later in a 3–1 win over Queens Park Rangers and began to establish himself in the first team, making several more starts in the Cardiff side. He made a total of 22 appearances during the season, his first full season of professional football, and played in five of the club's six FA Cup matches, including the final, becoming the second youngest player", "id": "12732777" }, { "contents": "Daniel Bruce (footballer)\n\n\nCup Final against Queen's Park. The final as scheduled finished as a 1–1 draw; in the replay, Bruce opened the scoring for Vale of Leven but Queen's came back to win 2–1. Soon afterwards, and while still a teenager, Bruce was capped for Scotland. His first and what turned out to be only international appearance came on 22 March 1890 against Wales in the British Home Championship; Scotland won 5–0. He moved to Rangers in 1891 and played four games in the Scottish Football League at the start of", "id": "4264595" }, { "contents": "Joe Hutton (footballer)\n\n\nJoseph \"Joe\" Hutton (18 November 1927 – April 1999) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Gillingham, Millwall, Reading and Stoke City. Hutton was born in Dundee and began his career in England with Reading. He only made eight appearances for the \"Royals\" before going back to Scotland to play for Ayr United. He and Ayr team-mate Bobby Cairns joined Stoke City in 1953. Hutton made an instant impact at the Victoria Ground scoring in his first three matches for the club", "id": "8572530" }, { "contents": "Alex Venters\n\n\nAlexander Venters (9 June 1913 – 30 April 1959) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Cowdenbeath, Rangers and Scotland. Alex Venters, an inside forward, joined Rangers in November 1933 after his first club Cowdenbeath. He spent a total of 13 years at Ibrox Park, winning three Scottish league titles (1935, 1937 and 1939), two Scottish Cups (1935, 1936) and scoring 102 goals in 201 appearances. 18 of these 102 goals came against Celtic in various competitions. In the last season before", "id": "9812289" }, { "contents": "Matt Fry\n\n\nreturned to West Ham having made 32 appearances, scoring one goal, for Charlton. Fry had his contract cancelled by mutual consent with West Ham on 2 February 2012 allowing him to seek first-team football on a regular basis. On 10 February 2012, Fry joined League Two club Bradford City on a free transfer. He made his debut in a 1–1 draw at home to Port Vale on 14 February 2012, in which he played 79 minutes before being substituted. After leaving Bradford, Fry played for Concord Rangers, helping", "id": "20258156" }, { "contents": "Alex Bennett (footballer)\n\n\nand also worked as a sports journalist. He died in Glasgow in 1940. Bennett was capped eleven times for Scotland, gaining three caps while at Celtic and the remaining eight while at Rangers. He made his Scotland debut against Wales in March 1904 and scored his first international goal, again against Wales, four years later. He scored his second international goal in his final Scotland appearance, against Ireland in March 1913. He also appeared ten times in representative matches for the Scottish Football League. At the age of 39 he", "id": "7795002" }, { "contents": "Robert Campbell (footballer, born 1882)\n\n\nRobert Campbell (1882 – 13 March 1931) was a Scottish footballer who played for Partick Thistle, Rangers, Millwall Athletic and Bradford City. He was a full back who won the 1911 FA Cup with Bradford. Born in Lugar in 1882, Campbell started his football career with Partick Thistle, with whom he won a Scottish League representative honour, before moving to Rangers in 1903. He played for Rangers until 1905, making nine appearances and scoring once before he moved to England and Millwall Athletic in the Southern League. He", "id": "15446261" }, { "contents": "Matthew Dickie\n\n\nMatthew Dickie (19 August 1873 – 30 December 1959) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Rangers. Dickie made his Rangers debut against St Mirren in a 5-1 home win at Ibrox on 15 August 1896. He played 126 league matches from a possible 132 in an amazing spell during his time at the club. He went on to make 175 first class appearances in total. Dickie won four League championships, 3 Scottish Cups, 5 Glasgow Cups and represented Scotland three times.", "id": "4766083" }, { "contents": "Michael O'Halloran (footballer)\n\n\nwin over Forfar Athletic. He scored again in Saints' final home game of the season, to conclude a 3–3 draw with former club Celtic. O'Halloran won the Scottish Premiership player of the month award for November 2015. St Johnstone rejected two bids from Rangers for O'Halloran in January 2016. Manager Tommy Wright then left O'Halloran out of their following league game, saying that O'Halloran was not \"mentally ready\" to play. O'Halloran made his final appearance for the club in a 2–1 defeat to Hibernian in the Scottish League Cup semi", "id": "9744181" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Millar (footballer, born 1870)\n\n\ntwo different spells: 1890–96 (winning three Football League championships in four seasons) and 1900–04 (claiming a fourth title), separated by a stint in his homeland at Rangers where he won two Scottish Football League titles and two Scottish Cups. Overall he made 260 appearances for Sunderland, scoring 123 goals. At the time of his death he was the trainer for Chelsea. Millar was capped for Scotland three times between 1897 and 1898 during his time with Rangers, scoring twice, both in matches against England; his first was", "id": "14464136" }, { "contents": "Joe Hendry\n\n\nJoe Hendry was a Scottish football player. Hendry played for Rangers, Greenock Morton and St Johnstone amongst other clubs during his career. Hendry began playing football with Maryhill FC. He joined Greenock Morton in 1907 and stayed there for two years before signing for Rangers. Hendry made his debut in a 1–0 win at home on 23 April 1910 against Clyde and during his eight-year spell with the club Hendry made 147 appearances and scored 7 goals. After leaving Rangers he had spells with Dumbarton, Third Lanark, St Johnstone and", "id": "17804993" }, { "contents": "Gordon Rae\n\n\nGordon Rae (born 3 May 1958) is a retired Scottish footballer, who played mainly as a defender for Hibernian, Partick Thistle, Hamilton Academical and Meadowbank Thistle. He also played sometimes as a centre forward, scoring over 50 goals in the Scottish Football League in his career. Rae signed for Hibernian as a 17-year-old from Whitehill Welfare in 1975. He made his first team debut two years later, and scored in a 2–0 win against Rangers at Ibrox in his second appearance. He became club captain, appeared", "id": "6510043" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Johnstone\n\n\narrival at Celtic, Stein had doubts about Johnstone, considering him too much of an individual player, to the overall detriment of the team, and he left him out of the team for the 1965 Scottish Cup Final. Johnstone soon won Stein round with his skill, and won his first winner's medal on 23 October 1965 when he played in Celtic's 2–1 win over Rangers in the Scottish League Cup Final. His 32 league appearances and nine goals that season helped Celtic win their first league title in 12 years. Johnstone", "id": "811424" }, { "contents": "Eddie Rutherford\n\n\nEdward 'Eddie' Rutherford (8 February 1921 – 29 August 2007) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers, Hearts and Scotland. Born in Govan, Scotland, Rutherford joined Rangers from Mossvale in 1941 but during the Second World War he was posted to England so he guested for Lincoln City and Bradford City. He played three games for Bradford in 1944–45 in the Football League War Cup North section. After he had completed his service, Rutherford returned to Rangers and made his first appearance for the club on 19 October", "id": "14506034" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\n1954 Cox played his last match for Scotland, as he captained the team at Hampden in a 4–2 defeat by England in front on 134,544 spectators. 1954–55 was Cox's last season at Rangers as he made only 15 first-team appearances. He made his final Rangers appearance in a 2–1 defeat to Aberdeen on 19 February 1955. Cox made a total of 370 appearances for Rangers, won 25 caps for Scotland and 13 caps for the Scottish League XI. After his Rangers career, Cox had a spell with East Fife before", "id": "14907543" }, { "contents": "Gary Warren (footballer)\n\n\ngame of the season, Warren made his debut in a 2–2 draw against St Mirren. Two-months later on 22 December 2012, he scored his first goal for Inverness in a 4–1 win over Dundee. In the quarter-final of the Scottish League Cup, he scored his second goal for Inverness in a 3–0 win over Rangers, helping the club to reach the semi-final. In the first part of the season, Warren and his teammates struggled as the club found themselves near the foot of the table,", "id": "16107731" }, { "contents": "Ronnie McKinnon\n\n\nRonald McKinnon (born 20 August 1940 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who played for Rangers and the Scotland national team. MacKinnon, a defender, made his Rangers debut against Hearts on 8 March 1961 in a 3–0 win at Ibrox. He went on to make 473 appearances for Rangers between 1961 and 1972, winning two League championships, four Scottish Cups, three League Cups and a Cup Winners' Cup. He also won a total of 28 caps for Scotland, making his debut in the famous 1", "id": "19851592" }, { "contents": "James Marshall (footballer, born 1908)\n\n\nDr James Marshall (3 January 1908 — 27 December 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for both Rangers and Arsenal as well as the Scotland national side. He played as an inside forward. Marshall was born in Avonbridge, Stirlingshire and joined Rangers from Shettleston in 1925. During his nine-year spell at Ibrox he amassed five League championships and three Scottish Cups. He also won three Scotland caps, all of them against England between 1932 and 1934. In total he scored 138 goals in 257 league appearances for Rangers", "id": "4895243" }, { "contents": "Thomas Murray (footballer)\n\n\nThomas Murray (7 April 1889 – 1976) was an English professional footballer who played as a inside right. Born in Middlesbrough, Murray spent his early career with Middlesbrough, Aberdeen, Rangers and Heart of Midlothian. At Hearts he scored 12 goals in 28 league games between August 1911 and April 1912. He joined Bradford City in June 1912. He made 6 league appearances for Bradford City, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in February 1914 to join Hull City. For Hull he made a further 2 league appearances", "id": "5167081" }, { "contents": "Ernie Thompson (footballer, born 1909)\n\n\n, scoring once in a 2–2 draw; his only other appearance came a week later in a 1–0 home win over Crewe Alexandra. At the end of the season, Thompson joined Second Division Bristol City, but never made a first-team appearance, instead spending his single season with the club playing in the reserves in both the Western Section of the Southern Football League and the Western Football League First Division. He left before the end of the 1929–30 season in February 1930 to join Bath City, playing for them in the", "id": "16156938" }, { "contents": "Alan Morton\n\n\n\"\" (insurance salesman). Morton had already been capped while an amateur before joining Rangers (making his debut for Scotland on 26 February 1920 against Wales) but would go on to play in every international against the \"Auld Enemy\", England, from 1920 to 1932 bar the fixture at Old Trafford in 1926, eventually winning 31 caps. In addition he made 15 appearances (scoring 1 goal) for the Scottish League XI (making his debut on 22 February 1919 against the Football League at St. Andrews, Birmingham", "id": "6451273" }, { "contents": "Dan Thomson\n\n\nDaniel Thomson (born 10 August 1891 in Dundee) was a Scottish professional footballer. Thomson began his career with Aberdeen before moving on to St Johnstone from where he joined Bristol City in the 1925-26 season. He spent the following season with Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic before joining Torquay United in 1927. He played in United's first match in the Football League, a 1-1 draw with local rivals Exeter City at Plainmoor on 27 August 1927. He played in the next eight games for Torquay before losing his place", "id": "2040384" }, { "contents": "Jack Smith (footballer, born 1895)\n\n\nwinning the Scottish Cup in 1920, including scoring the third goal for Kilmarnock in the final when they defeated his former team, Albion Rovers, 3–2. Following a disagreement with Kilmarnock, Smith joined Cowdenbeath, where during 1921–22, he netted 45 goals as they finished runners-up in Division Two. At the season's end he joined Rangers for £3,000, making his debut at Ibrox Park on 15 August 1922, scoring in a 2–0 victory over Alloa Athletic. He only made two further appearances for Rangers, scoring once", "id": "17284045" }, { "contents": "Peter Thomson (footballer)\n\n\nIn two seasons at Kenilworth Road he made 11 League appearances, scoring 3 goals. Scoring twice against Stoke City in a memorable 3-1 away win. He also played two League games whilst on loan at Rushden & Diamonds, scoring once on his debut. He had a brief spell with Morecambe, scoring against Dagenham & Redbridge on his home debut with an overhead kick. Thomson joined Southport in July 2002. He returned to Lancaster City in December 2003 and enjoyed further success with Stafford Rangers in the summer of 2005.", "id": "8805355" }, { "contents": "John McPherson (footballer, born 1868)\n\n\nMcPherson also won three Scottish Cup medals with Rangers, the first in 1894, where he scored in five of Rangers' six matches, including the 3–1 final win over Celtic at Hampden. McPherson also scored in the 1897 final, where Rangers defeated Dumbarton 5–1. His third Scottish Cup winners medal came a year later, 1898, where Rangers defeated McPherson's former club Kilmarnock 2–0. His final recorded appearance for Rangers was in a 2–0 friendly defeat to Glentoran on 2 April 1902. McPherson was also a Scottish International, winning", "id": "8242049" }, { "contents": "James Cairns (forward)\n\n\nJames Cairns (\"unknown\" – \"unknown\") was a footballer who played at inside right for several English clubs, including Lincoln City and Newton Heath in the late 1890s. Cairns began his football career with Stevenston Thistle in 1895, before moving to Glossop North End. In September 1897, he joined Football League side Lincoln City, but before he made an appearance for the club, he had moved on to Newton Heath in April 1898. It took Cairns six months to make his debut for the Heathens, eventually", "id": "22214514" }, { "contents": "Andy Neil\n\n\nAndrew Neil (18 November 1892 – 14 August 1941) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 328 Football League appearances playing as an inside forward or wing half for Brighton & Hove Albion (two spells), Arsenal and Queens Park Rangers. Neil was born in Crosshouse, near Kilmarnock in Ayrshire. He joined Kilmarnock of Division One from junior club Ardeer Thistle, and made his debut on 12 April 1913 away to Motherwell. He played regularly in his second season, and in 1914–15, his 20 goals placed him sixth in", "id": "2233011" }, { "contents": "Ernest Myers (footballer)\n\n\nErnest Myers, also known as Colin Myers, was an English professional footballer who played as an inside left. Born in Chapeltown, Sheffield, Myers spent his early career with Northfleet, Crystal Palace and Hickleton Main Colliery. He joined Bradford City in April 1914, and made 1 league appearance for the club, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in May 1920 to join Southend United, where he scored 2 goals in 23 league games. He later played for Aberdare Athletic, Northampton Town, Queens Park Rangers, Exeter", "id": "5167086" }, { "contents": "Billy Bennett (footballer, born 1955)\n\n\nthen over a year before Bennett made another senior appearance, when he again scored in a 3–0 Hearts win over Berwick Rangers in the final of the East of Scotland Shield. He made his league debut for Hearts on 16 November 1974 in the 1–3 defeat away at Arbroath. Bennett left Hearts in the summer of 1976 to sign for Third Division outfit Berwick Rangers. In two seasons with The Borderers, he played 69 league matches and scored 8 goals. At the start of the 1978–79 season, Bennett joined Forfar Athletic. He", "id": "17097673" }, { "contents": "Jerome Thomas\n\n\nhe scored a goal in the final over Blackburn Rovers. He was loaned out to Second Division side Queens Park Rangers in the 2001–02 and 2002–03 seasons. He made his debut in the Football League on 30 March 2002, in a 3–2 win over Tranmere Rovers at Prenton Park. He scored his first professional goal on 6 April, the only goal of the game against Swindon Town at the County Ground in a 1–0 win for QPR. During his second loan spell in October 2002, he scored long distance goals away at Cheltenham", "id": "9097657" }, { "contents": "Willie Reid (footballer)\n\n\nEngland with Portsmouth. Reid returned to Scotland in April 1909 when signed by Rangers, where he won three league titles in eleven seasons. He was the club's top scorer for six consecutive seasons, between 1910 and 1916. He received all his caps for Scottish national side while with Rangers. Reid made his Scotland debut in a 2–2 draw with Wales in 1911 and earned his last cap three years later, against England. Reid also represented the Scottish League XI. His football career was interrupted by the First World War,", "id": "15187335" }, { "contents": "Stephen McGinn\n\n\nRangers, where St Mirren won 1–0, the team's first home league win over Rangers in 22 years. McGinn started the 2009–10 season on bench in the Scottish League Cup game but then went on to score on his first start of the season in a 2–1 loss to Hibernian on 15 August 2009. He continued his season with a brace against Kilmarnock at Rugby Park, where The Buddies came from behind to win 2–1. McGinn signed for Watford in January 2010, for an undisclosed fee. He made his first Watford appearance", "id": "14258787" }, { "contents": "Anthony Ralston\n\n\nAnthony Ralston (born 16 November 1998) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Celtic. He also spent several months on loan at Queens Park in 2015 and at Dundee United in 2018. Ralston made his debut for the Celtic first team on 11 May 2016, in a 2–1 defeat against St Johnstone. He scored his first goal for Celtic in a 5–0 Scottish League Cup win over Kilmarnock on 8 August 2017. He made some further appearances early in the 2017–18 season, including a Champions League match against Paris Saint-", "id": "17673352" }, { "contents": "Sam Gallacher\n\n\nSamuel Gallacher (born 23 December 1904) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a centre half. Born in Annbank, Gallacher played for Larkfield Juniors and Cadzow St. Anne's in his native Scotland, before moving to England to join Bradford City in May 1924. For Bradford City he made 40 appearances in the Football League, scoring 2 goals. He left the club in August 1927 to join Crystal Palace. He later played for Lincoln City, making 13 appearances in the Football League as well as one FA Cup appearance", "id": "4883696" }, { "contents": "Julien Rodriguez\n\n\nJulien Rodriguez (born 11 June 1978 in Béziers, France) is a French former professional footballer who played as a defender. Rodriguez started his career at AS Monaco, making 135 appearances for the club and helping them to reach the 2004 Champions League final. He joined Scottish Premier League club Rangers in August 2005 for £1m. He scored his first goal for Rangers on 11 March 2006 in Rangers' 4–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Ibrox Stadium and made a total of 30 appearances in his debut season with the club.", "id": "11830556" }, { "contents": "Mark Williams (Scottish footballer)\n\n\n-year contract by his former St Mirren manager Danny Lennon. Nine days later he made his debut, playing the full 90 minutes as they won 1–0 at Highland League team Brora Rangers in the first round of the Scottish Challenge Cup. On 8 August he played his first league game, a 3–1 loss away to Queen of the South. In February 2016, he moved on loan to Arbroath in Scottish League Two; on 12 March he scored his first career goal to conclude a 3–0 win over East Stirlingshire at Gayfield Park", "id": "15479008" }, { "contents": "Jack Blackman (English footballer)\n\n\nJohn James Blackman (25 November 1912 – 1987) was an English retired professional footballer who played in the Football League for Crystal Palace and Queens Park Rangers as a forward. He also played non-league football for Guildford City. Blackman began his career at Queens Park Rangers and in October 1935, signed for Crystal Palace, then playing in the Football League Third Division South. He made a goal-scoring debut in November in a home 5–0 win against Millwall and went on to make 27 appearances that season scoring 19 times", "id": "13124108" }, { "contents": "Paul Bennett (footballer, born 1961)\n\n\nPaul Bennett (born 30 January 1961) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Port Vale. Bennett was an Everton youth team player before joining Port Vale in September 1978. He made his debut as a substitute in a 1–1 draw with Peterborough United at London Road on 1 November 1980, and three weeks later he scored his first goal in a 4–2 win over Bradford City. He went on to play 26 Fourth Division games in the 1980–81 season, and scored his first goal in the Football League", "id": "4265172" }, { "contents": "Nicol Smith\n\n\nNicol Smith (25 December 1873 – 6 January 1905) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers. Born in Darvel, Ayrshire, Smith played as a fullback for local sides Vale of Irvine, Royal Albert and Darvel, earning junior international selection, before joining Rangers in 1893. He made only two league appearances in his first season at the club, but by 1893–94, he had established himself in the Rangers team, missing just one of the 18 league fixtures. During that season he was also responsible for bringing Alex", "id": "20560230" }, { "contents": "Bill Paterson (footballer, born 1930)\n\n\nthe proceeds adding to the transfer deal. He had a relatively unsuccessful three years on Tyneside and so returned to Scotland to join Rangers for £3,500. His debut came on 13 August 1958 in a 2-1 home league win against Partick Thistle. That was the first of three appearances that he would make that entire season. Overall Paterson did go on to make 116 top team appearances for the club and won two Scottish league championships. He also claimed a Scottish Cup, a Scottish League Cup, a Charity Cup winners", "id": "14236809" }, { "contents": "David McClure (footballer)\n\n\nDavid McClure was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a right-back who had spells in Scotland, Ireland and England. He was born in Slamannan, Stirlingshire, but began his footballing career in Ireland with Glenavon. McClure then returned to Scotland to play Junior league football with Dunipace, before joining Scottish Football League club St Johnstone in 1924. In June 1927, he was signed by Football League Third Division North club Nelson and made his debut for the club on 24 September 1927 in the 2–1 win against Durham City.", "id": "19923020" }, { "contents": "Arthur Adey\n\n\nArthur Lewis Adey (1 March 1930 - January 1994) was a Scottish professional association football player of the 1950s. Born in Glasgow, he was a centre forward and began his professional career with Doncaster Rovers and later played for Gillingham and Bradford Park Avenue. He made 68 appearances in The Football League and scored 15 goals. He signed for Doncaster Rovers in September 1950, following his move from Bishop Auckland and made his professional debut in Division Two on 14 April 1951 against Queens Park Rangers. In 1954, after three more", "id": "17203075" }, { "contents": "Billy Hogg\n\n\nWilliam Hogg (29 May 1879 – 30 January 1937) was an English footballer who played at outside right, winning the Football League championship with Sunderland in 1901–02, before moving to Scotland where he won the Scottish League title three times with Rangers. He also made three appearances for England in 1902. Hogg was born in Sunderland and was playing local football with Willington Athletic when he was spotted by Sunderland where he became a professional in October 1899. He made his debut on 2 December 1899, scoring in a 5–0 victory over", "id": "13514822" }, { "contents": "John Ballantyne (footballer)\n\n\nJohn Ballantyne (30 June 1892 – after 1917) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 20 appearances in the Football League playing for Birmingham and played for Scottish Football League clubs Kilmarnock, Vale of Leven and Rangers. He played as an outside right. Ballantyne was born in Riccarton, Ayrshire. He played for Kilmarnock and Vale of Leven before coming to England to join Football League Second Division club Birmingham in April 1913. He made his debut on 26 April 1913, the last day of the 1912–13 season, in a 2–1", "id": "2299260" }, { "contents": "Liam Burt\n\n\nLiam Burt (born 1 February 1999) is a Scottish footballer who last played for Rangers, as a midfielder. He made his first team debut for Rangers in March 2016, and has also played on loan for Dumbarton and Alloa Athletic. Burt has represented Scotland at various youth levels up to under-21 level. Burt played youth football for Celtic before being released and subsequently joining the Rangers Academy. He made his professional debut for the club aged seventeen during a Scottish Championship match against Raith Rovers on 1 March 2016. A few", "id": "3837470" }, { "contents": "James Hamilton (footballer, born 1901)\n\n\nJames Hamilton (16 June 1901 – 1975) was a Scottish footballer who played for Vale of Clyde, St Mirren, Rangers, Blackpool, Barrow, Armadale and Scotland. He was a full-back. Bargeddie-born Hamilton made his debut for Harry Evans' Blackpool at home to Bristol City on 15 September 1928, six games into their 1928–29 Football League campaign. He made a further 24 League appearances that season as \"the Tangerines\" finished eighth in Division Two. He started the first three League games of the", "id": "1708146" }, { "contents": "John Campbell (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\nJohn William Campbell (2 October 1877 – 20 January 1919) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Linthouse, Partick Thistle, Blackburn Rovers, Rangers, West Ham United, Hibernian and the Scotland national team. He was born in Glasgow and gained the most success in his career with Rangers with whom he won four successive league titles (1898–99, 1899–00, 1900–01 and 1901–02) the first of which Rangers won all 18 of their Scottish league matches. He also represented Scotland at international level, winning four caps and scoring", "id": "13889025" }, { "contents": "Matt Hill (footballer)\n\n\nMatthew Clayton Hill (born 26 March 1981) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for Bradford Park Avenue. Born in Bristol, Hill started his career with Bristol City where he made over 200 appearances. He subsequently joined Preston North End where he also spent a successful spell, playing over 100 times for the Lancashire club. A move to Wolverhampton Wanderers followed but first team opportunities were more limited and he was loaned to Queens Park Rangers before leaving to join Barnsley. After only one season at the South Yorkshire club", "id": "15275700" }, { "contents": "Dennis O'Donnell\n\n\nDennis O'Donnell (q1 1880 – after 1908) was an English professional footballer who scored 41 goals from 167 appearances in the Football League playing as a forward for Lincoln City, Sunderland, Notts County and Bradford Park Avenue. He also played in the Southern League for Queens Park Rangers. O'Donnell was born in Willington Quay, then in Northumberland. He made his debut for Lincoln City on 5 October 1901 in a 2–1 win at home to Middlesbrough in the Football League Second Division, and played for the club until the end of", "id": "1332551" }, { "contents": "William McLachlan (footballer)\n\n\nWilliam McLachlan (born 19 March 1989) is a Scottish footballer currently playing for Irvine Meadow in the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region. He has previously played in the Scottish Football League First Division for Airdrie United and for Australian club Melbourne Knights in the Victorian Premier League. McLachlan began his career with Rangers and appeared for the Scotland U-16 team in a Victory Shield match against Northern Ireland in October 2004. In December 2008, he joined Airdrie United on loan. He made his debut against St Johnstone on 20 December.", "id": "18351658" }, { "contents": "Bruno Andrade (footballer, born 1993)\n\n\njoined Lincoln City for the 2018-19 League Two season for a free transfer on the 24th May 2018. Born in Portugal, Andrade joined the Queens Park Rangers academy at the age of 13. He made his debut for Queens Park Rangers against Preston North End on 20 November 2010. He then made his second appearance for the club against Blackburn Rovers in the FA Cup. He replaced Jamie Mackie who had broken his leg. He made a further two first-team appearances at the beginning of the 2011–12 season, including", "id": "14654306" }, { "contents": "John Walker (footballer, born 1873)\n\n\nscored the winning goal against West Bromwich Albion on the final day of the season to secure the title. Walker played another 18 times for Liverpool in 1901–02 before returning to Scotland to join Rangers, who had just won a fourth successive domestic title but were also facing financial troubles due to the reconstruction work required on their stadium after the recent 1902 Ibrox disaster. He scored at a rate of nearly a goal every two league games over his three seasons with the Glasgow club, and appeared in two further Scottish Cup finals. In", "id": "15474189" }, { "contents": "Charles Dennington\n\n\nCharles Dennington (born 7 October 1899, died 1943) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Beccles, Dennington played for Norwich City, Bradford City and Kirkley. He joined Norwich from his home town club, Beccles Town, and made his debut in a 1-1 draw against Queens Park Rangers in the Third Division (South) in August 1922, establishing himself as the Canaries' first choice ahead of William O'Hagen and Ernest Williamson. He missed just twenty League games over the next five", "id": "8086327" }, { "contents": "Davy McDougall\n\n\nside of 1899–00. He was also with Rangers without apparently making a first team appearance. In summer 1900 he joined Southern League Bristol City from Partick Thistle making his debut at outside left in a 0–2 defeat at Luton Town on 15 September 1900. He made 11 appearances scoring 2 goals playing on both right and left wings in season 1900–01 when Bristol City were runners up in the Southern League. He also played on both wings in 12 Western League games scoring 2 goals. He rejoined Rangers in the summer of 1901 making 4", "id": "20661422" }, { "contents": "Gordon Smith (footballer, born December 1954)\n\n\n. He was sold to Rangers in 1977 for £65,000. In his first season with Rangers, Smith won the domestic treble, scoring 27 goals from midfield. He also scored the winning goal in the 1978 Scottish League Cup Final, against Celtic. He was sold to Brighton & Hove Albion in 1980 for a record transfer fee of £440,000. He returned to Rangers on loan in December 1982, playing in the 1982 League Cup Final defeat by Celtic. Smith made three appearances during his loan spell, without scoring.", "id": "8508165" }, { "contents": "George Stewart (footballer, born 1932)\n\n\nGeorge Stewart (16 November 1932 – 22 May 1998) was a Scottish footballer, who played as a goalkeeper for Petershill Juniors, Raith Rovers, Stirling Albion, Montrose and Bradford City. Born in Larkhall in 1932, Stewart started his career with junior side Petershill. He was capped by the Scotland junior select team while with the club. He joined the senior game when he signed for Raith Rovers in 1952. He made 68 appearances in the Scottish Football League for three clubs in seven seasons, before moving to England to", "id": "22044872" }, { "contents": "Tommy Anderson (footballer)\n\n\nfor a fee of £1,000, but in November the same year he moved to Queen's Park Rangers. He had only played five league games for Bournemouth, scoring once. He went on to score 3 times in 10 league games for Rangers in the 1958–59 season. He moved again in July 1959, signing for Torquay United. He made his debut on 22 August 1959, the first day of the 1959–60 season, in a 2–1 home win against Doncaster Rovers. In his season with Torquay he played in nine league", "id": "2845776" }, { "contents": "Richard Edghill\n\n\nof Sun Jihai served to further limit Richard's opportunities at the club and he was released at the end of the 2001–02 promotion winning campaign, having made a total of 207 appearances for the club in nine years. Following his release Edghill had short unsuccessful spells with Wigan Athletic and Sheffield United before joining Queens Park Rangers in August 2003. In the 2005 close season Edghill joined Bradford City on a free transfer. At Bradford he scored twice; against Tranmere Rovers in the league and Barnsley in the FA Cup. He was one", "id": "9473165" }, { "contents": "John Blackwood (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\n, who then sold him to Football League Second Division club Woolwich Arsenal. After joining Woolwich Arsenal in May 1900, Blackwood scored on his debut, in a 2–1 win over Gainsborough Trinity on the opening day of the 1900–01 season. This was to be his only season with the club; he scored six goals in 17 league appearances. He also scored during his one appearance in the FA Cup, against Darwen on 5 January 1901. He left for Reading in May 1901. In November 1902, Blackwood joined Queens Park Rangers", "id": "4952881" }, { "contents": "David Amoo\n\n\nRobinson's first-team however, and made just two further substitute appeareances at Stadium MK before returning to Anfield on 23 February. On 28 February, he joined Championship side Hull City on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. He made his \"Tigers\" debut coming on as a replacement for Jay Simpson in a 1–0 win at Nottingham Forest on 5 March. He scored his first goal in senior football in a 1–1 draw at Queens Park Rangers on 25 April. Unable to break into Nigel Pearson's first-", "id": "5142268" }, { "contents": "Chris Brandon\n\n\nin Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, on 7 April 1976. He attended Yorkshire Martyrs Collegiate School in Bradford and supported the city's Football League team Bradford City. Brandon started his football career as a trainee for Bradford City, but he was dropped by their academy and joined non-league side Bradford Park Avenue. He later played for Farsley Celtic before joining Stafford Rangers. He played 32 times for Rangers over two seasons before returning to play for Bradford Park Avenue. In his two spells with Park Avenue, Brandon played", "id": "14931377" }, { "contents": "Sam Charnley\n\n\nSamuel \"Sam\" Charnley (18 November 1902 – 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for Wolverhampton Wanderers in the Football League. Born in Craigneuk, a suburb of Wishaw, North Lanarkshire, Charnley played for Burnbank Athletic before joining Wolverhampton Wanderers of the Football League Second Division in January 1925. He made his debut on 12 September 1925 in a 4–1 win against Portsmouth. After making 55 appearances in total, scoring once, he joined Midland League team York City in August 1928. He captained York in the 1928–29 season", "id": "10736957" }, { "contents": "Sébastien Faure (footballer)\n\n\n. Faure joined Rangers on a three-year deal pending international clearance on 21 August 2012. After the move, Faure says he joined Rangers because Manager Ally McCoist persuaded him to join. He made his debut against First Division side Falkirk in the Scottish League Cup on 30 August 2012. It was on 23 February 2013, when Faure scored his first ever senior goal. This came whilst playing Third Division Berwick Rangers and it contributed to a 3–1 win away from home. Faure had his first run out of the season in", "id": "5596733" }, { "contents": "Dave MacFarlane\n\n\nDave MacFarlane (16 January 1967 – 30 October 2013) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Kilmarnock. MacFarlane began his career with Ayr United Boys Club before joining Rangers. Whilst at Ibrox he made seven league appearances and picked up a winner's medal in October 1986 when he came on as a second-half substitute in Rangers 2-1 win over Celtic in the Scottish League Cup Final. MacFarlane also had loan spells with Kilmarnock and Dundee, before joining the former on a permanent", "id": "7049582" }, { "contents": "Rocco Quinn\n\n\nAugust 2009. His league debut was the 1–1 home draw a week later against Raith Rovers. He scored league goals that season in games against Ayr United, Partick Thistle and a double against Greenock Morton. The Palmerston Park side ended the season in fifth place. He also played on 23 September 2009 in the 2–1 home League Cup defeat against Rangers. In total Quinn made 35 competitive first team appearances in his first season. The QoS website confirmed on 18 June 2011 that Quinn had left and signed for Ross County. In", "id": "16760979" }, { "contents": "Tommy Kelso\n\n\nTommy Kelso (6 May 1882-29 January 1974) was a Scottish footballer who played as a full back for Manchester City between 1906 and 1911. Kelso started his career at Third Lanark before signing for Manchester City in 1906. He made his debut for Manchester City in September 1906 in a 4-1 defeat against Arsenal. He made 139 league appearances for Manchester City and scored 3 goals. He subsequently returned to Scotland and played for Dundee, Rangers and Dumbarton. He won one Scotland cap in 1914 in a 0", "id": "5742448" }, { "contents": "Luke Freeman\n\n\nLeague Trophy and League One titles during his first season with the team. He spent two-and-a-half years at Bristol City before joining Queens Park Rangers in January 2017. Freeman began his career at Charlton Athletic, joining the club's academy in 2001 after being scouted playing Sunday league youth football. He spent two years at Charlton before being released \"for being too small\". Following his release from Charlton, Freeman joined Gillingham at the age of 11. He made his first-team debut for Gillingham", "id": "8315727" }, { "contents": "David Provan (footballer, born 1941)\n\n\nDavid Provan (11 March 1941 – 26 November 2016) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for Rangers, Crystal Palace, Plymouth Argyle and St Mirren. Provan also played for Scotland and the Scottish League XI. Provan was a product of the Rangers youth team and played as a full back. He made his debut on 27 December 1958, in a league match away to Third Lanark which Rangers won 3-2. He helped the club win a domestic treble in 1963–4 and played in the 1967 European Cup Winners", "id": "926204" }, { "contents": "Neil Danns\n\n\ndeal. He had rejected an offer from Scottish Premier League club Rangers. Danns made his Leicester City debut, where he started the whole game, in a 1–0 win over Coventry City in the opening game of the season. He scored his first goal for Leicester City on 23 August 2011 in a 4–2 away win against Bury in the League Cup. Danns soon became a first team regular for the side at the start of the season, finding himself rotated. He scored his first league goal for the club against Blackpool in", "id": "141524" }, { "contents": "Billy Blunt\n\n\nWilliam Blunt (5 August 1886 – 1962) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Wolverhampton Wanderers and Bristol Rovers. Blunt joined Second Division Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1908 from nearby non-league side Stafford Rangers. He made his Football League debut on 28 November 1908 in a 1–2 defeat at Oldham Athletic. He scored two in his second appearance (against Clapton Orient) and ended the season with 8 goals. The 1909–10 campaign saw him score 27 goals, making him the club's top goalscorer for the season", "id": "5433307" }, { "contents": "Gordon Ashcroft\n\n\nGordon Aschroft (7 September 1902 – after 1930) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Lea, Lancashire, he played for Coppull Central before joining Football League First Division side Burnley in November 1925. He made his debut for the club on 7 December 1925 in the 3–1 win against Birmingham at Turf Moor. Ashcroft failed to make another first-team appearance for Burnley and was released at the end of the 1926–27 season. In August 1927 he signed for Burscough Rangers, and then played for", "id": "5652868" }, { "contents": "Raul Correia\n\n\ngoal for Guiseley on 16 September in a 1–1 draw away to Wrexham after guiding Will Hatfield's deflected shot from distance past goalkeeper Luke Coddington. Correia made his final appearance in a 4–0 defeat away to Tranmere Rovers on 30 December, and returned to his parent club two days later. On 11 January 2018, Correia joined National League North club York City on loan for the remainder of the season. Two days later, he made his debut by starting in a 2–1 home win against Bradford Park Avenue. He scored his first", "id": "12088537" }, { "contents": "Bobby Main\n\n\nRobert Frame Main (10 February 1909 – 30 March 1985) was a Scottish professional football player, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Main began his career at local team Baillieston Juniors and joined Rangers in 1929, initially as understudy to Sandy Archibald. He was in and out of the side for four years before becoming a regular in 1933. During his spell at the club he won two Scottish league championships, two Scottish Cups, three Glasgow Cups and two Charity Cups. He made 158 appearances for Rangers", "id": "12825737" }, { "contents": "Ian McColl\n\n\nfinal appearance for Rangers was in the 1960 Scottish Cup Final, a 2–0 win against Kilmarnock. He made a total of 526 appearances for the Glasgow club. He also won 14 caps for Scotland and represented the Scottish League XI. After his playing career, he quickly went into management. He was appointed manager of Scotland in 1960 and enjoyed a winning start, beating Northern Ireland 5–2 at Hampden Park. Under McColl's managership, Scotland won British Home Championships in 1962 and 1963. The team beat England 2–0 at Hampden and", "id": "14525157" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Sharp\n\n\nyear later, in 1905 he was snapped up by Woolwich Arsenal of the First Division and promptly became a regular in the side after making his debut against Liverpool on 2 September 1905. He missed only three league games in his first season and reached the FA Cup semi-finals twice in his first two seasons. At Arsenal Sharp also won another three Scotland caps, before Rangers prised him away in April 1908 for £400. In total he played 116 games for Arsenal, scoring 5 goals. His spell at Rangers only", "id": "17959164" }, { "contents": "Craig Beattie\n\n\nplayed a competitive game in two months he missed the game against Dundee United on 25 February as was not match fit. After scoring twice in a bounce game, he made his debut as a substitute on 3 March against Rangers in a 2–1 win at Ibrox. He scored his first goal for Hearts in a 2–2 draw with St Mirren in the Scottish Cup 6th round at Tynecaste on 10 March. He had a second goal in the same match wrongfully ruled out for offside. In just his second league appearance for the club", "id": "12813032" }, { "contents": "Vladimír Weiss (footballer, born 1989)\n\n\nsubstitute. On 19 August 2010, Weiss joined Scottish side Rangers on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. Prior to signing for Rangers, Weiss rejected a move to their city rivals Celtic. He made his Rangers debut against Hibernian at Easter Road on 22 August coming on as a substitute for James Beattie, setting up the second goal with Rangers going on to win 3–0. He scored his first goal for Rangers in a 4–1 home win against Motherwell and five days later made his Champions League debut against Valencia, providing", "id": "535578" }, { "contents": "Ralph Brand\n\n\nplayed his last match for Rangers on 23 April 1965 when he scored the only goal in a 1–0 win over Third Lanark in the final League game of the season. Brand was sold to Manchester City in August that year for £30,000. Two years later he moved to Sunderland before returning to Scottish football at Raith Rovers (managed by his friend Jimmy Millar). He retired in 1970, although he would come out of retirement to play a handful of matches for Hamilton Academical in 1971–72. Brand played for Scotland eight times", "id": "16219219" } ]

[ { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nTommy Cairns (30 October 1890 – 30 November 1967) was a Scottish footballer who played for Bristol City, Peebles Rovers, St Johnstone, Rangers, Bradford City and Scotland. Born in Merryton, Lanarkshire, Cairns made his name in Junior football, helping Burnbank Athletic to the Scottish Junior Cup in 1911. He also appeared for Larkhall Thistle before earning an opportunity in the senior leagues. His first professional club was Bristol City where he played for two seasons from 1911. He joined Peebles Rovers in 1913 and had a short", "id": "21330844" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nan ever-present and scored 11 goals. Cairns enjoyed further League title successes in 1919–20, 1920–21, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1924–25 and 1926–27 before joining Bradford City in 1927. His final Rangers appearance was in a 2–1 win over Queen's Park on 1 March 1927. In his time with Bradford he made 135 appearances and won a Division Three North medal in 1929. He retired from football in 1932 and later worked as a scout for Arsenal. Cairns was also capped at international level, making eight Scotland appearances. He", "id": "21330846" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nspell with St Johnstone before joining Rangers in November 1913. He made his debut against Hamilton Academical on 27 December 1913 and played a total of nine games in his first season as Rangers finished second to rivals Celtic in Division One. Cairns was a regular in the Rangers team the following season, missing just one league game. He continued to be a regular in the team for the next two seasons but it was in season 1917–18 that he won his first League title (Rangers' first for five years). Cairns was", "id": "21330845" }, { "contents": "Kevin Cairns (footballer)\n\n\nin September 1960, making his debut that month in a Scottish Football League match against St Johnstone. After being a first team regular in his first season, Cairns made only one appearance in 1961–62 and was given a free transfer by Dundee United in May 1962. He signed for Southport in August 1962, going on to make 206 appearances in the Football League over the next six years. He then played non-league football for Wigan Athletic, where he played four games in the Cheshire League, and made a further five", "id": "20271756" }, { "contents": "Sandy Archibald\n\n\nRangers won the League title for the first time in 5 seasons. Archibald went on to win thirteen league titles in his seventeen seasons with the Glasgow club. He also won three Scottish Cup medals, the first of which was Rangers' first in 25 years and Archibald scored twice in the final as Rangers defeated Celtic 4–0 at Hampden. His final appearance for Rangers was in a 1–1 draw away to Queen's Park on 30 April 1934. He made 580 appearances for Rangers. Archibald won a total of 8 caps for Scotland", "id": "9747370" }, { "contents": "Arthur Dixon (footballer, born 1892)\n\n\nfirst goal for the club on 8 March 1919 in a 3–0 league win against Hamilton Academical. He enjoyed a benefit match at Ibrox Park on 10 September 1923. A crowd of 10,000 watched Rangers draw 1–1 with Liverpool. The Rangers side was: Hamilton (goalkeeper), Manderson, Meiklejohn, Dixon, McCandless, Archibald, Muirhead, Morton, Hansen, Cairns. The goalscorer for Rangers was Hansen. In total he made 361 appearances (326 league and 35 Scottish Cup) for the club. He scored eight goals (", "id": "11923821" }, { "contents": "Bert Manderson\n\n\nBert Manderson (9 May 1893 – 27 April 1946) was an Irish footballer, who played for Rangers and Ireland. Manderson, a right-back, made his Rangers debut in a 1-1 draw with Aberdeen on 27 March 1915. He had joined Rangers from Glenavon for £150. He previously had spells at Cliftonville and Belfast Celtic. He went on to make 370 league appearances (452 in total) in 12 seasons with the club, winning seven Scottish league titles. Manderson left Rangers to join Bradford Park", "id": "21502381" }, { "contents": "Archie Devine\n\n\nScotland, but he never played for the national side again. He also made one appearance for the Scottish League XI in that season, in a 3–2 win against the English Football League XI. In April 1910 he moved south of the border to Bradford City, and was part of the side that won the 1911 FA Cup Final against Newcastle United. He stayed at Bradford for nearly three years before joining Woolwich Arsenal. He made his debut for Arsenal against Chelsea on 15 February 1913, and was part of the team that", "id": "20302147" }, { "contents": "James Stewart (footballer, born 1883)\n\n\nhe played in the losing side in the final against Bradford City. He made his third, and final, England appearance against Scotland on 1 April 1911 and again scored in a 1–1 draw. All three of his international appearances thus ended 1–1. He continued to be a regular member of the Newcastle side until he was sold to Rangers in 1913 for £600. In his Newcastle career he made a total of 138 appearances with 53 goals. In May 1914 he returned to his native north-east, and non-", "id": "11906121" }, { "contents": "George Waddell\n\n\nGeorge Barr Waddell (29 November 1888 – 17 September 1966) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Scottish Football League for Rangers and in the Football League in England for Bradford City, Preston North End, Oldham Athletic, Birmingham and New Brighton. He played as a wing half. Waddell was born in Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire. He began his football career in junior football before joining Rangers in 1909. He made his debut in Division One on 26 April 1909 in a 3–2 defeat to Queen's Park. Over the", "id": "656965" }, { "contents": "Andrew Shinnie\n\n\ninternational debut for Scotland in November 2012, in a 2–1 win over Luxembourg. Shinnie made his first team debut for Rangers on 17 March 2007, coming on as a substitute for Dado Pršo in a Scottish Premier League match against Aberdeen. On the same day, he scored two goals for Rangers' under-19 team against St Mirren under-19s. In April, he scored the first goal in the 5–0 win over rivals Celtic as Rangers won the 2007 Scottish Youth Cup Final. He went on to sign a new three-year professional", "id": "14751617" }, { "contents": "Bobby McKean\n\n\nRobert Munro McKean (8 December 1952 – 15 March 1978) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for St Mirren and Rangers. He appeared in one full international match for Scotland, in 1976. McKean started his career at local club Blantyre Victoria before moving to St Mirren in 1969. After five seasons in Paisley he joined Rangers for £50,000 in September 1974. He enjoyed a successful spell in Govan and won the league twice in his first two seasons. He was also part of the 1976 Scottish Cup Final winning", "id": "303577" }, { "contents": "Andy Cunningham (footballer)\n\n\n1918–19. In total, he made 389 appearances and scored 182 goals for Rangers. He won 7 League titles and played in Rangers' famous 1928 Scottish Cup final triumph where they defeated Celtic 4–0 to win their first Scottish Cup in 25 years. Cunningham was also capped at international level, playing 12 times for Scotland and scoring 5 goals. He lost just one of his 12 games for Scotland. Cunningham also represented the Scottish League XI 10 times. Cunningham moved to Newcastle United in 1928, becoming the then oldest player to", "id": "19975016" }, { "contents": "Archie Mitchell (footballer)\n\n\nthe team win the Birmingham & District League title in the 1905–06 and 1906–07 seasons. Mitchell departed Villa in 1907. On 2 May 1907, Mitchell joined Southern League First Division club Queens Park Rangers. He had a good start to his career with the Hoops, winning the 1907–08 First Division title in his debut season. A further First Division title was won in 1911–12, with the Charity Shield being lost 2–1 to Football League First Division champions Blackburn Rovers. He remained with Queens Park Rangers through to 1921 and finally made his", "id": "9272843" }, { "contents": "James Bowie (footballer)\n\n\nJames Bowie (9 July 1888 – 7 August 1972) was a Scottish football player and football administrator, who played for and was chairman of Rangers. He began his career at Maryhill Juniors and joined Rangers in December 1910 from Queen's Park. He made his debut against Falkirk on 10 December 1910. During his time at the club he won six League championships and played in a total of 351 competitive games, scoring 70 goals. Bowie won two Scotland caps in 1920, and also played in three wartime internationals in 1919", "id": "4895542" }, { "contents": "James Vaughan (footballer, born 1988)\n\n\n. He made his second debut for the club in the 1–0 defeat by Nottingham Forest on 3 August. After scoring two goals in the League Cup win over Bradford City on 6 August, he scored his first league goal on his return in the 1–1 draw with Queens Park Rangers on 10 August. On 24 August, he scored a hat-trick in a 5–1 win against A.F.C. Bournemouth. Vaughan joined fellow Championship club Birmingham City on 26 November 2015, on loan until 2 January 2016. He made his debut as a", "id": "14499593" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Smith (footballer, born 1911)\n\n\ncontinued their dominance of Scottish football. Smith also collected his first Scottish Cup medal, scoring in a 5-0 defeat of St Mirren in the final at Hampden. Success for Smith and Rangers continued. The League title was again won in 1934–35 with Smith scoring 43 goals in 38 matches, including 6 in a 7-1 defeat of Dunfermline Athletic. He also collected his second Scottish Cup medal, scoring twice in the 2-1 against Hamilton Academical in the final. Rangers went on to win two of the next", "id": "14794886" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\na 4–2 win over Motherwell at the start of the 1946–47 season. He made a total of 13 league appearances in his first season, including a 4–1 win over Hamilton Academical in the last match, as Rangers beat Hibernian to clinch the League title. In the following season, 1947–48, Cox was an ever present as Rangers finished second to Hibs in the league, and won the Scottish Cup after a 1–0 win over Greenock Morton. Cox also netted his first Rangers goal during the season, scoring in a 2–1 win over", "id": "14907540" }, { "contents": "Andrew Little (footballer)\n\n\nas making one appearance for the \"B\" team, he won his first senior cap in March 2009, and appeared nine times in total. A former Ballinamallard United player, he moved from Northern Ireland to Scotland in 2006 to join the Rangers Academy. He scored for the \"Gers\" in the club's Scottish Youth Cup final victory over Old Firm rival's Celtic at Hampden Park in 2008. That season he also helped the club to top the SPFL Development League. He made his senior debut as a substitute for", "id": "5532587" }, { "contents": "Jim Eadie\n\n\nJames Eadie (born 4 February 1947) is a Scottish former professional footballer. During his career, he made over 200 appearances in the Football League in spells with Cardiff City, Chester and Bristol Rovers. Eadie began his career at Rangers but never made a first team appearance for the club, moving to Dumbarton where he played a handful of matches before joining Kirkintilloch Rob Roy. It wasn't until he moved south to play in The Football League that he began to play regular football. He signed for Cardiff City in 1969", "id": "15683889" }, { "contents": "Andrew McAtee\n\n\nconscripted in 1917 and served in Italy. On returning to Scotland McAtee resumed his successful football career with Celtic, participating in two further league title-winning seasons for a total of six. He also featured in a further Scottish Cup victory in 1923, twelve years after his first in 1911, and won four Glasgow Cups, scoring the winning goal against Clyde in the 1920-21 final. He made one appearance for Scotland in 1913 versus Wales but was selected more frequently for the Scottish League XI, playing in seven games", "id": "872940" }, { "contents": "Bobby Russell (footballer, born 1957)\n\n\nRobert Russell (born 11 February 1957 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Russell joined Rangers from Shettleston Juniors in 1977 and made his first team debut against Aberdeen on 13 August that year, aged only 20. The game ended in a 3–1 defeat, however Rangers went on to win the treble that season and Russell cemented his place on the right side of the midfield. He made 370 appearances for the club and won a league championship, two Scottish Cups", "id": "82295" }, { "contents": "Aaron Ramsey\n\n\nMifsud. On 26 April, he scored his first league goal in a 3–3 draw against Burnley. He went on to make his first career league start three weeks later in a 3–1 win over Queens Park Rangers and began to establish himself in the first team, making several more starts in the Cardiff side. He made a total of 22 appearances during the season, his first full season of professional football, and played in five of the club's six FA Cup matches, including the final, becoming the second youngest player", "id": "12732777" }, { "contents": "Daniel Bruce (footballer)\n\n\nCup Final against Queen's Park. The final as scheduled finished as a 1–1 draw; in the replay, Bruce opened the scoring for Vale of Leven but Queen's came back to win 2–1. Soon afterwards, and while still a teenager, Bruce was capped for Scotland. His first and what turned out to be only international appearance came on 22 March 1890 against Wales in the British Home Championship; Scotland won 5–0. He moved to Rangers in 1891 and played four games in the Scottish Football League at the start of", "id": "4264595" }, { "contents": "Joe Hutton (footballer)\n\n\nJoseph \"Joe\" Hutton (18 November 1927 – April 1999) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Gillingham, Millwall, Reading and Stoke City. Hutton was born in Dundee and began his career in England with Reading. He only made eight appearances for the \"Royals\" before going back to Scotland to play for Ayr United. He and Ayr team-mate Bobby Cairns joined Stoke City in 1953. Hutton made an instant impact at the Victoria Ground scoring in his first three matches for the club", "id": "8572530" }, { "contents": "Alex Venters\n\n\nAlexander Venters (9 June 1913 – 30 April 1959) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Cowdenbeath, Rangers and Scotland. Alex Venters, an inside forward, joined Rangers in November 1933 after his first club Cowdenbeath. He spent a total of 13 years at Ibrox Park, winning three Scottish league titles (1935, 1937 and 1939), two Scottish Cups (1935, 1936) and scoring 102 goals in 201 appearances. 18 of these 102 goals came against Celtic in various competitions. In the last season before", "id": "9812289" }, { "contents": "Matt Fry\n\n\nreturned to West Ham having made 32 appearances, scoring one goal, for Charlton. Fry had his contract cancelled by mutual consent with West Ham on 2 February 2012 allowing him to seek first-team football on a regular basis. On 10 February 2012, Fry joined League Two club Bradford City on a free transfer. He made his debut in a 1–1 draw at home to Port Vale on 14 February 2012, in which he played 79 minutes before being substituted. After leaving Bradford, Fry played for Concord Rangers, helping", "id": "20258156" }, { "contents": "Alex Bennett (footballer)\n\n\nand also worked as a sports journalist. He died in Glasgow in 1940. Bennett was capped eleven times for Scotland, gaining three caps while at Celtic and the remaining eight while at Rangers. He made his Scotland debut against Wales in March 1904 and scored his first international goal, again against Wales, four years later. He scored his second international goal in his final Scotland appearance, against Ireland in March 1913. He also appeared ten times in representative matches for the Scottish Football League. At the age of 39 he", "id": "7795002" }, { "contents": "Robert Campbell (footballer, born 1882)\n\n\nRobert Campbell (1882 – 13 March 1931) was a Scottish footballer who played for Partick Thistle, Rangers, Millwall Athletic and Bradford City. He was a full back who won the 1911 FA Cup with Bradford. Born in Lugar in 1882, Campbell started his football career with Partick Thistle, with whom he won a Scottish League representative honour, before moving to Rangers in 1903. He played for Rangers until 1905, making nine appearances and scoring once before he moved to England and Millwall Athletic in the Southern League. He", "id": "15446261" }, { "contents": "Matthew Dickie\n\n\nMatthew Dickie (19 August 1873 – 30 December 1959) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Rangers. Dickie made his Rangers debut against St Mirren in a 5-1 home win at Ibrox on 15 August 1896. He played 126 league matches from a possible 132 in an amazing spell during his time at the club. He went on to make 175 first class appearances in total. Dickie won four League championships, 3 Scottish Cups, 5 Glasgow Cups and represented Scotland three times.", "id": "4766083" }, { "contents": "Michael O'Halloran (footballer)\n\n\nwin over Forfar Athletic. He scored again in Saints' final home game of the season, to conclude a 3–3 draw with former club Celtic. O'Halloran won the Scottish Premiership player of the month award for November 2015. St Johnstone rejected two bids from Rangers for O'Halloran in January 2016. Manager Tommy Wright then left O'Halloran out of their following league game, saying that O'Halloran was not \"mentally ready\" to play. O'Halloran made his final appearance for the club in a 2–1 defeat to Hibernian in the Scottish League Cup semi", "id": "9744181" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Millar (footballer, born 1870)\n\n\ntwo different spells: 1890–96 (winning three Football League championships in four seasons) and 1900–04 (claiming a fourth title), separated by a stint in his homeland at Rangers where he won two Scottish Football League titles and two Scottish Cups. Overall he made 260 appearances for Sunderland, scoring 123 goals. At the time of his death he was the trainer for Chelsea. Millar was capped for Scotland three times between 1897 and 1898 during his time with Rangers, scoring twice, both in matches against England; his first was", "id": "14464136" }, { "contents": "Joe Hendry\n\n\nJoe Hendry was a Scottish football player. Hendry played for Rangers, Greenock Morton and St Johnstone amongst other clubs during his career. Hendry began playing football with Maryhill FC. He joined Greenock Morton in 1907 and stayed there for two years before signing for Rangers. Hendry made his debut in a 1–0 win at home on 23 April 1910 against Clyde and during his eight-year spell with the club Hendry made 147 appearances and scored 7 goals. After leaving Rangers he had spells with Dumbarton, Third Lanark, St Johnstone and", "id": "17804993" }, { "contents": "Gordon Rae\n\n\nGordon Rae (born 3 May 1958) is a retired Scottish footballer, who played mainly as a defender for Hibernian, Partick Thistle, Hamilton Academical and Meadowbank Thistle. He also played sometimes as a centre forward, scoring over 50 goals in the Scottish Football League in his career. Rae signed for Hibernian as a 17-year-old from Whitehill Welfare in 1975. He made his first team debut two years later, and scored in a 2–0 win against Rangers at Ibrox in his second appearance. He became club captain, appeared", "id": "6510043" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Johnstone\n\n\narrival at Celtic, Stein had doubts about Johnstone, considering him too much of an individual player, to the overall detriment of the team, and he left him out of the team for the 1965 Scottish Cup Final. Johnstone soon won Stein round with his skill, and won his first winner's medal on 23 October 1965 when he played in Celtic's 2–1 win over Rangers in the Scottish League Cup Final. His 32 league appearances and nine goals that season helped Celtic win their first league title in 12 years. Johnstone", "id": "811424" }, { "contents": "Eddie Rutherford\n\n\nEdward 'Eddie' Rutherford (8 February 1921 – 29 August 2007) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers, Hearts and Scotland. Born in Govan, Scotland, Rutherford joined Rangers from Mossvale in 1941 but during the Second World War he was posted to England so he guested for Lincoln City and Bradford City. He played three games for Bradford in 1944–45 in the Football League War Cup North section. After he had completed his service, Rutherford returned to Rangers and made his first appearance for the club on 19 October", "id": "14506034" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\n1954 Cox played his last match for Scotland, as he captained the team at Hampden in a 4–2 defeat by England in front on 134,544 spectators. 1954–55 was Cox's last season at Rangers as he made only 15 first-team appearances. He made his final Rangers appearance in a 2–1 defeat to Aberdeen on 19 February 1955. Cox made a total of 370 appearances for Rangers, won 25 caps for Scotland and 13 caps for the Scottish League XI. After his Rangers career, Cox had a spell with East Fife before", "id": "14907543" }, { "contents": "Gary Warren (footballer)\n\n\ngame of the season, Warren made his debut in a 2–2 draw against St Mirren. Two-months later on 22 December 2012, he scored his first goal for Inverness in a 4–1 win over Dundee. In the quarter-final of the Scottish League Cup, he scored his second goal for Inverness in a 3–0 win over Rangers, helping the club to reach the semi-final. In the first part of the season, Warren and his teammates struggled as the club found themselves near the foot of the table,", "id": "16107731" }, { "contents": "Ronnie McKinnon\n\n\nRonald McKinnon (born 20 August 1940 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who played for Rangers and the Scotland national team. MacKinnon, a defender, made his Rangers debut against Hearts on 8 March 1961 in a 3–0 win at Ibrox. He went on to make 473 appearances for Rangers between 1961 and 1972, winning two League championships, four Scottish Cups, three League Cups and a Cup Winners' Cup. He also won a total of 28 caps for Scotland, making his debut in the famous 1", "id": "19851592" }, { "contents": "James Marshall (footballer, born 1908)\n\n\nDr James Marshall (3 January 1908 — 27 December 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for both Rangers and Arsenal as well as the Scotland national side. He played as an inside forward. Marshall was born in Avonbridge, Stirlingshire and joined Rangers from Shettleston in 1925. During his nine-year spell at Ibrox he amassed five League championships and three Scottish Cups. He also won three Scotland caps, all of them against England between 1932 and 1934. In total he scored 138 goals in 257 league appearances for Rangers", "id": "4895243" }, { "contents": "Thomas Murray (footballer)\n\n\nThomas Murray (7 April 1889 – 1976) was an English professional footballer who played as a inside right. Born in Middlesbrough, Murray spent his early career with Middlesbrough, Aberdeen, Rangers and Heart of Midlothian. At Hearts he scored 12 goals in 28 league games between August 1911 and April 1912. He joined Bradford City in June 1912. He made 6 league appearances for Bradford City, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in February 1914 to join Hull City. For Hull he made a further 2 league appearances", "id": "5167081" }, { "contents": "Ernie Thompson (footballer, born 1909)\n\n\n, scoring once in a 2–2 draw; his only other appearance came a week later in a 1–0 home win over Crewe Alexandra. At the end of the season, Thompson joined Second Division Bristol City, but never made a first-team appearance, instead spending his single season with the club playing in the reserves in both the Western Section of the Southern Football League and the Western Football League First Division. He left before the end of the 1929–30 season in February 1930 to join Bath City, playing for them in the", "id": "16156938" }, { "contents": "Alan Morton\n\n\n\"\" (insurance salesman). Morton had already been capped while an amateur before joining Rangers (making his debut for Scotland on 26 February 1920 against Wales) but would go on to play in every international against the \"Auld Enemy\", England, from 1920 to 1932 bar the fixture at Old Trafford in 1926, eventually winning 31 caps. In addition he made 15 appearances (scoring 1 goal) for the Scottish League XI (making his debut on 22 February 1919 against the Football League at St. Andrews, Birmingham", "id": "6451273" }, { "contents": "Dan Thomson\n\n\nDaniel Thomson (born 10 August 1891 in Dundee) was a Scottish professional footballer. Thomson began his career with Aberdeen before moving on to St Johnstone from where he joined Bristol City in the 1925-26 season. He spent the following season with Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic before joining Torquay United in 1927. He played in United's first match in the Football League, a 1-1 draw with local rivals Exeter City at Plainmoor on 27 August 1927. He played in the next eight games for Torquay before losing his place", "id": "2040384" }, { "contents": "Jack Smith (footballer, born 1895)\n\n\nwinning the Scottish Cup in 1920, including scoring the third goal for Kilmarnock in the final when they defeated his former team, Albion Rovers, 3–2. Following a disagreement with Kilmarnock, Smith joined Cowdenbeath, where during 1921–22, he netted 45 goals as they finished runners-up in Division Two. At the season's end he joined Rangers for £3,000, making his debut at Ibrox Park on 15 August 1922, scoring in a 2–0 victory over Alloa Athletic. He only made two further appearances for Rangers, scoring once", "id": "17284045" }, { "contents": "Peter Thomson (footballer)\n\n\nIn two seasons at Kenilworth Road he made 11 League appearances, scoring 3 goals. Scoring twice against Stoke City in a memorable 3-1 away win. He also played two League games whilst on loan at Rushden & Diamonds, scoring once on his debut. He had a brief spell with Morecambe, scoring against Dagenham & Redbridge on his home debut with an overhead kick. Thomson joined Southport in July 2002. He returned to Lancaster City in December 2003 and enjoyed further success with Stafford Rangers in the summer of 2005.", "id": "8805355" }, { "contents": "John McPherson (footballer, born 1868)\n\n\nMcPherson also won three Scottish Cup medals with Rangers, the first in 1894, where he scored in five of Rangers' six matches, including the 3–1 final win over Celtic at Hampden. McPherson also scored in the 1897 final, where Rangers defeated Dumbarton 5–1. His third Scottish Cup winners medal came a year later, 1898, where Rangers defeated McPherson's former club Kilmarnock 2–0. His final recorded appearance for Rangers was in a 2–0 friendly defeat to Glentoran on 2 April 1902. McPherson was also a Scottish International, winning", "id": "8242049" }, { "contents": "James Cairns (forward)\n\n\nJames Cairns (\"unknown\" – \"unknown\") was a footballer who played at inside right for several English clubs, including Lincoln City and Newton Heath in the late 1890s. Cairns began his football career with Stevenston Thistle in 1895, before moving to Glossop North End. In September 1897, he joined Football League side Lincoln City, but before he made an appearance for the club, he had moved on to Newton Heath in April 1898. It took Cairns six months to make his debut for the Heathens, eventually", "id": "22214514" }, { "contents": "Andy Neil\n\n\nAndrew Neil (18 November 1892 – 14 August 1941) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 328 Football League appearances playing as an inside forward or wing half for Brighton & Hove Albion (two spells), Arsenal and Queens Park Rangers. Neil was born in Crosshouse, near Kilmarnock in Ayrshire. He joined Kilmarnock of Division One from junior club Ardeer Thistle, and made his debut on 12 April 1913 away to Motherwell. He played regularly in his second season, and in 1914–15, his 20 goals placed him sixth in", "id": "2233011" }, { "contents": "Ernest Myers (footballer)\n\n\nErnest Myers, also known as Colin Myers, was an English professional footballer who played as an inside left. Born in Chapeltown, Sheffield, Myers spent his early career with Northfleet, Crystal Palace and Hickleton Main Colliery. He joined Bradford City in April 1914, and made 1 league appearance for the club, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in May 1920 to join Southend United, where he scored 2 goals in 23 league games. He later played for Aberdare Athletic, Northampton Town, Queens Park Rangers, Exeter", "id": "5167086" }, { "contents": "Billy Bennett (footballer, born 1955)\n\n\nthen over a year before Bennett made another senior appearance, when he again scored in a 3–0 Hearts win over Berwick Rangers in the final of the East of Scotland Shield. He made his league debut for Hearts on 16 November 1974 in the 1–3 defeat away at Arbroath. Bennett left Hearts in the summer of 1976 to sign for Third Division outfit Berwick Rangers. In two seasons with The Borderers, he played 69 league matches and scored 8 goals. At the start of the 1978–79 season, Bennett joined Forfar Athletic. He", "id": "17097673" }, { "contents": "Jerome Thomas\n\n\nhe scored a goal in the final over Blackburn Rovers. He was loaned out to Second Division side Queens Park Rangers in the 2001–02 and 2002–03 seasons. He made his debut in the Football League on 30 March 2002, in a 3–2 win over Tranmere Rovers at Prenton Park. He scored his first professional goal on 6 April, the only goal of the game against Swindon Town at the County Ground in a 1–0 win for QPR. During his second loan spell in October 2002, he scored long distance goals away at Cheltenham", "id": "9097657" }, { "contents": "Willie Reid (footballer)\n\n\nEngland with Portsmouth. Reid returned to Scotland in April 1909 when signed by Rangers, where he won three league titles in eleven seasons. He was the club's top scorer for six consecutive seasons, between 1910 and 1916. He received all his caps for Scottish national side while with Rangers. Reid made his Scotland debut in a 2–2 draw with Wales in 1911 and earned his last cap three years later, against England. Reid also represented the Scottish League XI. His football career was interrupted by the First World War,", "id": "15187335" }, { "contents": "Stephen McGinn\n\n\nRangers, where St Mirren won 1–0, the team's first home league win over Rangers in 22 years. McGinn started the 2009–10 season on bench in the Scottish League Cup game but then went on to score on his first start of the season in a 2–1 loss to Hibernian on 15 August 2009. He continued his season with a brace against Kilmarnock at Rugby Park, where The Buddies came from behind to win 2–1. McGinn signed for Watford in January 2010, for an undisclosed fee. He made his first Watford appearance", "id": "14258787" }, { "contents": "Anthony Ralston\n\n\nAnthony Ralston (born 16 November 1998) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Celtic. He also spent several months on loan at Queens Park in 2015 and at Dundee United in 2018. Ralston made his debut for the Celtic first team on 11 May 2016, in a 2–1 defeat against St Johnstone. He scored his first goal for Celtic in a 5–0 Scottish League Cup win over Kilmarnock on 8 August 2017. He made some further appearances early in the 2017–18 season, including a Champions League match against Paris Saint-", "id": "17673352" }, { "contents": "Sam Gallacher\n\n\nSamuel Gallacher (born 23 December 1904) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a centre half. Born in Annbank, Gallacher played for Larkfield Juniors and Cadzow St. Anne's in his native Scotland, before moving to England to join Bradford City in May 1924. For Bradford City he made 40 appearances in the Football League, scoring 2 goals. He left the club in August 1927 to join Crystal Palace. He later played for Lincoln City, making 13 appearances in the Football League as well as one FA Cup appearance", "id": "4883696" }, { "contents": "Julien Rodriguez\n\n\nJulien Rodriguez (born 11 June 1978 in Béziers, France) is a French former professional footballer who played as a defender. Rodriguez started his career at AS Monaco, making 135 appearances for the club and helping them to reach the 2004 Champions League final. He joined Scottish Premier League club Rangers in August 2005 for £1m. He scored his first goal for Rangers on 11 March 2006 in Rangers' 4–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Ibrox Stadium and made a total of 30 appearances in his debut season with the club.", "id": "11830556" }, { "contents": "Mark Williams (Scottish footballer)\n\n\n-year contract by his former St Mirren manager Danny Lennon. Nine days later he made his debut, playing the full 90 minutes as they won 1–0 at Highland League team Brora Rangers in the first round of the Scottish Challenge Cup. On 8 August he played his first league game, a 3–1 loss away to Queen of the South. In February 2016, he moved on loan to Arbroath in Scottish League Two; on 12 March he scored his first career goal to conclude a 3–0 win over East Stirlingshire at Gayfield Park", "id": "15479008" }, { "contents": "Jack Blackman (English footballer)\n\n\nJohn James Blackman (25 November 1912 – 1987) was an English retired professional footballer who played in the Football League for Crystal Palace and Queens Park Rangers as a forward. He also played non-league football for Guildford City. Blackman began his career at Queens Park Rangers and in October 1935, signed for Crystal Palace, then playing in the Football League Third Division South. He made a goal-scoring debut in November in a home 5–0 win against Millwall and went on to make 27 appearances that season scoring 19 times", "id": "13124108" }, { "contents": "Paul Bennett (footballer, born 1961)\n\n\nPaul Bennett (born 30 January 1961) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Port Vale. Bennett was an Everton youth team player before joining Port Vale in September 1978. He made his debut as a substitute in a 1–1 draw with Peterborough United at London Road on 1 November 1980, and three weeks later he scored his first goal in a 4–2 win over Bradford City. He went on to play 26 Fourth Division games in the 1980–81 season, and scored his first goal in the Football League", "id": "4265172" }, { "contents": "Nicol Smith\n\n\nNicol Smith (25 December 1873 – 6 January 1905) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers. Born in Darvel, Ayrshire, Smith played as a fullback for local sides Vale of Irvine, Royal Albert and Darvel, earning junior international selection, before joining Rangers in 1893. He made only two league appearances in his first season at the club, but by 1893–94, he had established himself in the Rangers team, missing just one of the 18 league fixtures. During that season he was also responsible for bringing Alex", "id": "20560230" }, { "contents": "Bill Paterson (footballer, born 1930)\n\n\nthe proceeds adding to the transfer deal. He had a relatively unsuccessful three years on Tyneside and so returned to Scotland to join Rangers for £3,500. His debut came on 13 August 1958 in a 2-1 home league win against Partick Thistle. That was the first of three appearances that he would make that entire season. Overall Paterson did go on to make 116 top team appearances for the club and won two Scottish league championships. He also claimed a Scottish Cup, a Scottish League Cup, a Charity Cup winners", "id": "14236809" }, { "contents": "David McClure (footballer)\n\n\nDavid McClure was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a right-back who had spells in Scotland, Ireland and England. He was born in Slamannan, Stirlingshire, but began his footballing career in Ireland with Glenavon. McClure then returned to Scotland to play Junior league football with Dunipace, before joining Scottish Football League club St Johnstone in 1924. In June 1927, he was signed by Football League Third Division North club Nelson and made his debut for the club on 24 September 1927 in the 2–1 win against Durham City.", "id": "19923020" }, { "contents": "Arthur Adey\n\n\nArthur Lewis Adey (1 March 1930 - January 1994) was a Scottish professional association football player of the 1950s. Born in Glasgow, he was a centre forward and began his professional career with Doncaster Rovers and later played for Gillingham and Bradford Park Avenue. He made 68 appearances in The Football League and scored 15 goals. He signed for Doncaster Rovers in September 1950, following his move from Bishop Auckland and made his professional debut in Division Two on 14 April 1951 against Queens Park Rangers. In 1954, after three more", "id": "17203075" }, { "contents": "Billy Hogg\n\n\nWilliam Hogg (29 May 1879 – 30 January 1937) was an English footballer who played at outside right, winning the Football League championship with Sunderland in 1901–02, before moving to Scotland where he won the Scottish League title three times with Rangers. He also made three appearances for England in 1902. Hogg was born in Sunderland and was playing local football with Willington Athletic when he was spotted by Sunderland where he became a professional in October 1899. He made his debut on 2 December 1899, scoring in a 5–0 victory over", "id": "13514822" }, { "contents": "John Ballantyne (footballer)\n\n\nJohn Ballantyne (30 June 1892 – after 1917) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 20 appearances in the Football League playing for Birmingham and played for Scottish Football League clubs Kilmarnock, Vale of Leven and Rangers. He played as an outside right. Ballantyne was born in Riccarton, Ayrshire. He played for Kilmarnock and Vale of Leven before coming to England to join Football League Second Division club Birmingham in April 1913. He made his debut on 26 April 1913, the last day of the 1912–13 season, in a 2–1", "id": "2299260" }, { "contents": "Liam Burt\n\n\nLiam Burt (born 1 February 1999) is a Scottish footballer who last played for Rangers, as a midfielder. He made his first team debut for Rangers in March 2016, and has also played on loan for Dumbarton and Alloa Athletic. Burt has represented Scotland at various youth levels up to under-21 level. Burt played youth football for Celtic before being released and subsequently joining the Rangers Academy. He made his professional debut for the club aged seventeen during a Scottish Championship match against Raith Rovers on 1 March 2016. A few", "id": "3837470" }, { "contents": "James Hamilton (footballer, born 1901)\n\n\nJames Hamilton (16 June 1901 – 1975) was a Scottish footballer who played for Vale of Clyde, St Mirren, Rangers, Blackpool, Barrow, Armadale and Scotland. He was a full-back. Bargeddie-born Hamilton made his debut for Harry Evans' Blackpool at home to Bristol City on 15 September 1928, six games into their 1928–29 Football League campaign. He made a further 24 League appearances that season as \"the Tangerines\" finished eighth in Division Two. He started the first three League games of the", "id": "1708146" }, { "contents": "John Campbell (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\nJohn William Campbell (2 October 1877 – 20 January 1919) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Linthouse, Partick Thistle, Blackburn Rovers, Rangers, West Ham United, Hibernian and the Scotland national team. He was born in Glasgow and gained the most success in his career with Rangers with whom he won four successive league titles (1898–99, 1899–00, 1900–01 and 1901–02) the first of which Rangers won all 18 of their Scottish league matches. He also represented Scotland at international level, winning four caps and scoring", "id": "13889025" }, { "contents": "Matt Hill (footballer)\n\n\nMatthew Clayton Hill (born 26 March 1981) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for Bradford Park Avenue. Born in Bristol, Hill started his career with Bristol City where he made over 200 appearances. He subsequently joined Preston North End where he also spent a successful spell, playing over 100 times for the Lancashire club. A move to Wolverhampton Wanderers followed but first team opportunities were more limited and he was loaned to Queens Park Rangers before leaving to join Barnsley. After only one season at the South Yorkshire club", "id": "15275700" }, { "contents": "Dennis O'Donnell\n\n\nDennis O'Donnell (q1 1880 – after 1908) was an English professional footballer who scored 41 goals from 167 appearances in the Football League playing as a forward for Lincoln City, Sunderland, Notts County and Bradford Park Avenue. He also played in the Southern League for Queens Park Rangers. O'Donnell was born in Willington Quay, then in Northumberland. He made his debut for Lincoln City on 5 October 1901 in a 2–1 win at home to Middlesbrough in the Football League Second Division, and played for the club until the end of", "id": "1332551" }, { "contents": "William McLachlan (footballer)\n\n\nWilliam McLachlan (born 19 March 1989) is a Scottish footballer currently playing for Irvine Meadow in the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region. He has previously played in the Scottish Football League First Division for Airdrie United and for Australian club Melbourne Knights in the Victorian Premier League. McLachlan began his career with Rangers and appeared for the Scotland U-16 team in a Victory Shield match against Northern Ireland in October 2004. In December 2008, he joined Airdrie United on loan. He made his debut against St Johnstone on 20 December.", "id": "18351658" }, { "contents": "Bruno Andrade (footballer, born 1993)\n\n\njoined Lincoln City for the 2018-19 League Two season for a free transfer on the 24th May 2018. Born in Portugal, Andrade joined the Queens Park Rangers academy at the age of 13. He made his debut for Queens Park Rangers against Preston North End on 20 November 2010. He then made his second appearance for the club against Blackburn Rovers in the FA Cup. He replaced Jamie Mackie who had broken his leg. He made a further two first-team appearances at the beginning of the 2011–12 season, including", "id": "14654306" }, { "contents": "John Walker (footballer, born 1873)\n\n\nscored the winning goal against West Bromwich Albion on the final day of the season to secure the title. Walker played another 18 times for Liverpool in 1901–02 before returning to Scotland to join Rangers, who had just won a fourth successive domestic title but were also facing financial troubles due to the reconstruction work required on their stadium after the recent 1902 Ibrox disaster. He scored at a rate of nearly a goal every two league games over his three seasons with the Glasgow club, and appeared in two further Scottish Cup finals. In", "id": "15474189" }, { "contents": "Charles Dennington\n\n\nCharles Dennington (born 7 October 1899, died 1943) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Beccles, Dennington played for Norwich City, Bradford City and Kirkley. He joined Norwich from his home town club, Beccles Town, and made his debut in a 1-1 draw against Queens Park Rangers in the Third Division (South) in August 1922, establishing himself as the Canaries' first choice ahead of William O'Hagen and Ernest Williamson. He missed just twenty League games over the next five", "id": "8086327" }, { "contents": "Davy McDougall\n\n\nside of 1899–00. He was also with Rangers without apparently making a first team appearance. In summer 1900 he joined Southern League Bristol City from Partick Thistle making his debut at outside left in a 0–2 defeat at Luton Town on 15 September 1900. He made 11 appearances scoring 2 goals playing on both right and left wings in season 1900–01 when Bristol City were runners up in the Southern League. He also played on both wings in 12 Western League games scoring 2 goals. He rejoined Rangers in the summer of 1901 making 4", "id": "20661422" }, { "contents": "Gordon Smith (footballer, born December 1954)\n\n\n. He was sold to Rangers in 1977 for £65,000. In his first season with Rangers, Smith won the domestic treble, scoring 27 goals from midfield. He also scored the winning goal in the 1978 Scottish League Cup Final, against Celtic. He was sold to Brighton & Hove Albion in 1980 for a record transfer fee of £440,000. He returned to Rangers on loan in December 1982, playing in the 1982 League Cup Final defeat by Celtic. Smith made three appearances during his loan spell, without scoring.", "id": "8508165" }, { "contents": "George Stewart (footballer, born 1932)\n\n\nGeorge Stewart (16 November 1932 – 22 May 1998) was a Scottish footballer, who played as a goalkeeper for Petershill Juniors, Raith Rovers, Stirling Albion, Montrose and Bradford City. Born in Larkhall in 1932, Stewart started his career with junior side Petershill. He was capped by the Scotland junior select team while with the club. He joined the senior game when he signed for Raith Rovers in 1952. He made 68 appearances in the Scottish Football League for three clubs in seven seasons, before moving to England to", "id": "22044872" }, { "contents": "Tommy Anderson (footballer)\n\n\nfor a fee of £1,000, but in November the same year he moved to Queen's Park Rangers. He had only played five league games for Bournemouth, scoring once. He went on to score 3 times in 10 league games for Rangers in the 1958–59 season. He moved again in July 1959, signing for Torquay United. He made his debut on 22 August 1959, the first day of the 1959–60 season, in a 2–1 home win against Doncaster Rovers. In his season with Torquay he played in nine league", "id": "2845776" }, { "contents": "Richard Edghill\n\n\nof Sun Jihai served to further limit Richard's opportunities at the club and he was released at the end of the 2001–02 promotion winning campaign, having made a total of 207 appearances for the club in nine years. Following his release Edghill had short unsuccessful spells with Wigan Athletic and Sheffield United before joining Queens Park Rangers in August 2003. In the 2005 close season Edghill joined Bradford City on a free transfer. At Bradford he scored twice; against Tranmere Rovers in the league and Barnsley in the FA Cup. He was one", "id": "9473165" }, { "contents": "John Blackwood (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\n, who then sold him to Football League Second Division club Woolwich Arsenal. After joining Woolwich Arsenal in May 1900, Blackwood scored on his debut, in a 2–1 win over Gainsborough Trinity on the opening day of the 1900–01 season. This was to be his only season with the club; he scored six goals in 17 league appearances. He also scored during his one appearance in the FA Cup, against Darwen on 5 January 1901. He left for Reading in May 1901. In November 1902, Blackwood joined Queens Park Rangers", "id": "4952881" }, { "contents": "David Amoo\n\n\nRobinson's first-team however, and made just two further substitute appeareances at Stadium MK before returning to Anfield on 23 February. On 28 February, he joined Championship side Hull City on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. He made his \"Tigers\" debut coming on as a replacement for Jay Simpson in a 1–0 win at Nottingham Forest on 5 March. He scored his first goal in senior football in a 1–1 draw at Queens Park Rangers on 25 April. Unable to break into Nigel Pearson's first-", "id": "5142268" }, { "contents": "Chris Brandon\n\n\nin Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, on 7 April 1976. He attended Yorkshire Martyrs Collegiate School in Bradford and supported the city's Football League team Bradford City. Brandon started his football career as a trainee for Bradford City, but he was dropped by their academy and joined non-league side Bradford Park Avenue. He later played for Farsley Celtic before joining Stafford Rangers. He played 32 times for Rangers over two seasons before returning to play for Bradford Park Avenue. In his two spells with Park Avenue, Brandon played", "id": "14931377" }, { "contents": "Sam Charnley\n\n\nSamuel \"Sam\" Charnley (18 November 1902 – 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for Wolverhampton Wanderers in the Football League. Born in Craigneuk, a suburb of Wishaw, North Lanarkshire, Charnley played for Burnbank Athletic before joining Wolverhampton Wanderers of the Football League Second Division in January 1925. He made his debut on 12 September 1925 in a 4–1 win against Portsmouth. After making 55 appearances in total, scoring once, he joined Midland League team York City in August 1928. He captained York in the 1928–29 season", "id": "10736957" }, { "contents": "Sébastien Faure (footballer)\n\n\n. Faure joined Rangers on a three-year deal pending international clearance on 21 August 2012. After the move, Faure says he joined Rangers because Manager Ally McCoist persuaded him to join. He made his debut against First Division side Falkirk in the Scottish League Cup on 30 August 2012. It was on 23 February 2013, when Faure scored his first ever senior goal. This came whilst playing Third Division Berwick Rangers and it contributed to a 3–1 win away from home. Faure had his first run out of the season in", "id": "5596733" }, { "contents": "Dave MacFarlane\n\n\nDave MacFarlane (16 January 1967 – 30 October 2013) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Kilmarnock. MacFarlane began his career with Ayr United Boys Club before joining Rangers. Whilst at Ibrox he made seven league appearances and picked up a winner's medal in October 1986 when he came on as a second-half substitute in Rangers 2-1 win over Celtic in the Scottish League Cup Final. MacFarlane also had loan spells with Kilmarnock and Dundee, before joining the former on a permanent", "id": "7049582" }, { "contents": "Rocco Quinn\n\n\nAugust 2009. His league debut was the 1–1 home draw a week later against Raith Rovers. He scored league goals that season in games against Ayr United, Partick Thistle and a double against Greenock Morton. The Palmerston Park side ended the season in fifth place. He also played on 23 September 2009 in the 2–1 home League Cup defeat against Rangers. In total Quinn made 35 competitive first team appearances in his first season. The QoS website confirmed on 18 June 2011 that Quinn had left and signed for Ross County. In", "id": "16760979" }, { "contents": "Tommy Kelso\n\n\nTommy Kelso (6 May 1882-29 January 1974) was a Scottish footballer who played as a full back for Manchester City between 1906 and 1911. Kelso started his career at Third Lanark before signing for Manchester City in 1906. He made his debut for Manchester City in September 1906 in a 4-1 defeat against Arsenal. He made 139 league appearances for Manchester City and scored 3 goals. He subsequently returned to Scotland and played for Dundee, Rangers and Dumbarton. He won one Scotland cap in 1914 in a 0", "id": "5742448" }, { "contents": "Luke Freeman\n\n\nLeague Trophy and League One titles during his first season with the team. He spent two-and-a-half years at Bristol City before joining Queens Park Rangers in January 2017. Freeman began his career at Charlton Athletic, joining the club's academy in 2001 after being scouted playing Sunday league youth football. He spent two years at Charlton before being released \"for being too small\". Following his release from Charlton, Freeman joined Gillingham at the age of 11. He made his first-team debut for Gillingham", "id": "8315727" }, { "contents": "David Provan (footballer, born 1941)\n\n\nDavid Provan (11 March 1941 – 26 November 2016) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for Rangers, Crystal Palace, Plymouth Argyle and St Mirren. Provan also played for Scotland and the Scottish League XI. Provan was a product of the Rangers youth team and played as a full back. He made his debut on 27 December 1958, in a league match away to Third Lanark which Rangers won 3-2. He helped the club win a domestic treble in 1963–4 and played in the 1967 European Cup Winners", "id": "926204" }, { "contents": "Neil Danns\n\n\ndeal. He had rejected an offer from Scottish Premier League club Rangers. Danns made his Leicester City debut, where he started the whole game, in a 1–0 win over Coventry City in the opening game of the season. He scored his first goal for Leicester City on 23 August 2011 in a 4–2 away win against Bury in the League Cup. Danns soon became a first team regular for the side at the start of the season, finding himself rotated. He scored his first league goal for the club against Blackpool in", "id": "141524" }, { "contents": "Billy Blunt\n\n\nWilliam Blunt (5 August 1886 – 1962) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Wolverhampton Wanderers and Bristol Rovers. Blunt joined Second Division Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1908 from nearby non-league side Stafford Rangers. He made his Football League debut on 28 November 1908 in a 1–2 defeat at Oldham Athletic. He scored two in his second appearance (against Clapton Orient) and ended the season with 8 goals. The 1909–10 campaign saw him score 27 goals, making him the club's top goalscorer for the season", "id": "5433307" }, { "contents": "Gordon Ashcroft\n\n\nGordon Aschroft (7 September 1902 – after 1930) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Lea, Lancashire, he played for Coppull Central before joining Football League First Division side Burnley in November 1925. He made his debut for the club on 7 December 1925 in the 3–1 win against Birmingham at Turf Moor. Ashcroft failed to make another first-team appearance for Burnley and was released at the end of the 1926–27 season. In August 1927 he signed for Burscough Rangers, and then played for", "id": "5652868" }, { "contents": "Raul Correia\n\n\ngoal for Guiseley on 16 September in a 1–1 draw away to Wrexham after guiding Will Hatfield's deflected shot from distance past goalkeeper Luke Coddington. Correia made his final appearance in a 4–0 defeat away to Tranmere Rovers on 30 December, and returned to his parent club two days later. On 11 January 2018, Correia joined National League North club York City on loan for the remainder of the season. Two days later, he made his debut by starting in a 2–1 home win against Bradford Park Avenue. He scored his first", "id": "12088537" }, { "contents": "Bobby Main\n\n\nRobert Frame Main (10 February 1909 – 30 March 1985) was a Scottish professional football player, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Main began his career at local team Baillieston Juniors and joined Rangers in 1929, initially as understudy to Sandy Archibald. He was in and out of the side for four years before becoming a regular in 1933. During his spell at the club he won two Scottish league championships, two Scottish Cups, three Glasgow Cups and two Charity Cups. He made 158 appearances for Rangers", "id": "12825737" }, { "contents": "Ian McColl\n\n\nfinal appearance for Rangers was in the 1960 Scottish Cup Final, a 2–0 win against Kilmarnock. He made a total of 526 appearances for the Glasgow club. He also won 14 caps for Scotland and represented the Scottish League XI. After his playing career, he quickly went into management. He was appointed manager of Scotland in 1960 and enjoyed a winning start, beating Northern Ireland 5–2 at Hampden Park. Under McColl's managership, Scotland won British Home Championships in 1962 and 1963. The team beat England 2–0 at Hampden and", "id": "14525157" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Sharp\n\n\nyear later, in 1905 he was snapped up by Woolwich Arsenal of the First Division and promptly became a regular in the side after making his debut against Liverpool on 2 September 1905. He missed only three league games in his first season and reached the FA Cup semi-finals twice in his first two seasons. At Arsenal Sharp also won another three Scotland caps, before Rangers prised him away in April 1908 for £400. In total he played 116 games for Arsenal, scoring 5 goals. His spell at Rangers only", "id": "17959164" }, { "contents": "Craig Beattie\n\n\nplayed a competitive game in two months he missed the game against Dundee United on 25 February as was not match fit. After scoring twice in a bounce game, he made his debut as a substitute on 3 March against Rangers in a 2–1 win at Ibrox. He scored his first goal for Hearts in a 2–2 draw with St Mirren in the Scottish Cup 6th round at Tynecaste on 10 March. He had a second goal in the same match wrongfully ruled out for offside. In just his second league appearance for the club", "id": "12813032" }, { "contents": "Vladimír Weiss (footballer, born 1989)\n\n\nsubstitute. On 19 August 2010, Weiss joined Scottish side Rangers on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. Prior to signing for Rangers, Weiss rejected a move to their city rivals Celtic. He made his Rangers debut against Hibernian at Easter Road on 22 August coming on as a substitute for James Beattie, setting up the second goal with Rangers going on to win 3–0. He scored his first goal for Rangers in a 4–1 home win against Motherwell and five days later made his Champions League debut against Valencia, providing", "id": "535578" }, { "contents": "Ralph Brand\n\n\nplayed his last match for Rangers on 23 April 1965 when he scored the only goal in a 1–0 win over Third Lanark in the final League game of the season. Brand was sold to Manchester City in August that year for £30,000. Two years later he moved to Sunderland before returning to Scottish football at Raith Rovers (managed by his friend Jimmy Millar). He retired in 1970, although he would come out of retirement to play a handful of matches for Hamilton Academical in 1971–72. Brand played for Scotland eight times", "id": "16219219" } ]

[ { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nTommy Cairns (30 October 1890 – 30 November 1967) was a Scottish footballer who played for Bristol City, Peebles Rovers, St Johnstone, Rangers, Bradford City and Scotland. Born in Merryton, Lanarkshire, Cairns made his name in Junior football, helping Burnbank Athletic to the Scottish Junior Cup in 1911. He also appeared for Larkhall Thistle before earning an opportunity in the senior leagues. His first professional club was Bristol City where he played for two seasons from 1911. He joined Peebles Rovers in 1913 and had a short", "id": "21330844" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nan ever-present and scored 11 goals. Cairns enjoyed further League title successes in 1919–20, 1920–21, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1924–25 and 1926–27 before joining Bradford City in 1927. His final Rangers appearance was in a 2–1 win over Queen's Park on 1 March 1927. In his time with Bradford he made 135 appearances and won a Division Three North medal in 1929. He retired from football in 1932 and later worked as a scout for Arsenal. Cairns was also capped at international level, making eight Scotland appearances. He", "id": "21330846" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nspell with St Johnstone before joining Rangers in November 1913. He made his debut against Hamilton Academical on 27 December 1913 and played a total of nine games in his first season as Rangers finished second to rivals Celtic in Division One. Cairns was a regular in the Rangers team the following season, missing just one league game. He continued to be a regular in the team for the next two seasons but it was in season 1917–18 that he won his first League title (Rangers' first for five years). Cairns was", "id": "21330845" }, { "contents": "Kevin Cairns (footballer)\n\n\nin September 1960, making his debut that month in a Scottish Football League match against St Johnstone. After being a first team regular in his first season, Cairns made only one appearance in 1961–62 and was given a free transfer by Dundee United in May 1962. He signed for Southport in August 1962, going on to make 206 appearances in the Football League over the next six years. He then played non-league football for Wigan Athletic, where he played four games in the Cheshire League, and made a further five", "id": "20271756" }, { "contents": "Sandy Archibald\n\n\nRangers won the League title for the first time in 5 seasons. Archibald went on to win thirteen league titles in his seventeen seasons with the Glasgow club. He also won three Scottish Cup medals, the first of which was Rangers' first in 25 years and Archibald scored twice in the final as Rangers defeated Celtic 4–0 at Hampden. His final appearance for Rangers was in a 1–1 draw away to Queen's Park on 30 April 1934. He made 580 appearances for Rangers. Archibald won a total of 8 caps for Scotland", "id": "9747370" }, { "contents": "Arthur Dixon (footballer, born 1892)\n\n\nfirst goal for the club on 8 March 1919 in a 3–0 league win against Hamilton Academical. He enjoyed a benefit match at Ibrox Park on 10 September 1923. A crowd of 10,000 watched Rangers draw 1–1 with Liverpool. The Rangers side was: Hamilton (goalkeeper), Manderson, Meiklejohn, Dixon, McCandless, Archibald, Muirhead, Morton, Hansen, Cairns. The goalscorer for Rangers was Hansen. In total he made 361 appearances (326 league and 35 Scottish Cup) for the club. He scored eight goals (", "id": "11923821" }, { "contents": "Bert Manderson\n\n\nBert Manderson (9 May 1893 – 27 April 1946) was an Irish footballer, who played for Rangers and Ireland. Manderson, a right-back, made his Rangers debut in a 1-1 draw with Aberdeen on 27 March 1915. He had joined Rangers from Glenavon for £150. He previously had spells at Cliftonville and Belfast Celtic. He went on to make 370 league appearances (452 in total) in 12 seasons with the club, winning seven Scottish league titles. Manderson left Rangers to join Bradford Park", "id": "21502381" }, { "contents": "Archie Devine\n\n\nScotland, but he never played for the national side again. He also made one appearance for the Scottish League XI in that season, in a 3–2 win against the English Football League XI. In April 1910 he moved south of the border to Bradford City, and was part of the side that won the 1911 FA Cup Final against Newcastle United. He stayed at Bradford for nearly three years before joining Woolwich Arsenal. He made his debut for Arsenal against Chelsea on 15 February 1913, and was part of the team that", "id": "20302147" }, { "contents": "James Stewart (footballer, born 1883)\n\n\nhe played in the losing side in the final against Bradford City. He made his third, and final, England appearance against Scotland on 1 April 1911 and again scored in a 1–1 draw. All three of his international appearances thus ended 1–1. He continued to be a regular member of the Newcastle side until he was sold to Rangers in 1913 for £600. In his Newcastle career he made a total of 138 appearances with 53 goals. In May 1914 he returned to his native north-east, and non-", "id": "11906121" }, { "contents": "George Waddell\n\n\nGeorge Barr Waddell (29 November 1888 – 17 September 1966) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Scottish Football League for Rangers and in the Football League in England for Bradford City, Preston North End, Oldham Athletic, Birmingham and New Brighton. He played as a wing half. Waddell was born in Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire. He began his football career in junior football before joining Rangers in 1909. He made his debut in Division One on 26 April 1909 in a 3–2 defeat to Queen's Park. Over the", "id": "656965" }, { "contents": "Andrew Shinnie\n\n\ninternational debut for Scotland in November 2012, in a 2–1 win over Luxembourg. Shinnie made his first team debut for Rangers on 17 March 2007, coming on as a substitute for Dado Pršo in a Scottish Premier League match against Aberdeen. On the same day, he scored two goals for Rangers' under-19 team against St Mirren under-19s. In April, he scored the first goal in the 5–0 win over rivals Celtic as Rangers won the 2007 Scottish Youth Cup Final. He went on to sign a new three-year professional", "id": "14751617" }, { "contents": "Bobby McKean\n\n\nRobert Munro McKean (8 December 1952 – 15 March 1978) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for St Mirren and Rangers. He appeared in one full international match for Scotland, in 1976. McKean started his career at local club Blantyre Victoria before moving to St Mirren in 1969. After five seasons in Paisley he joined Rangers for £50,000 in September 1974. He enjoyed a successful spell in Govan and won the league twice in his first two seasons. He was also part of the 1976 Scottish Cup Final winning", "id": "303577" }, { "contents": "Andy Cunningham (footballer)\n\n\n1918–19. In total, he made 389 appearances and scored 182 goals for Rangers. He won 7 League titles and played in Rangers' famous 1928 Scottish Cup final triumph where they defeated Celtic 4–0 to win their first Scottish Cup in 25 years. Cunningham was also capped at international level, playing 12 times for Scotland and scoring 5 goals. He lost just one of his 12 games for Scotland. Cunningham also represented the Scottish League XI 10 times. Cunningham moved to Newcastle United in 1928, becoming the then oldest player to", "id": "19975016" }, { "contents": "Archie Mitchell (footballer)\n\n\nthe team win the Birmingham & District League title in the 1905–06 and 1906–07 seasons. Mitchell departed Villa in 1907. On 2 May 1907, Mitchell joined Southern League First Division club Queens Park Rangers. He had a good start to his career with the Hoops, winning the 1907–08 First Division title in his debut season. A further First Division title was won in 1911–12, with the Charity Shield being lost 2–1 to Football League First Division champions Blackburn Rovers. He remained with Queens Park Rangers through to 1921 and finally made his", "id": "9272843" }, { "contents": "James Bowie (footballer)\n\n\nJames Bowie (9 July 1888 – 7 August 1972) was a Scottish football player and football administrator, who played for and was chairman of Rangers. He began his career at Maryhill Juniors and joined Rangers in December 1910 from Queen's Park. He made his debut against Falkirk on 10 December 1910. During his time at the club he won six League championships and played in a total of 351 competitive games, scoring 70 goals. Bowie won two Scotland caps in 1920, and also played in three wartime internationals in 1919", "id": "4895542" }, { "contents": "James Vaughan (footballer, born 1988)\n\n\n. He made his second debut for the club in the 1–0 defeat by Nottingham Forest on 3 August. After scoring two goals in the League Cup win over Bradford City on 6 August, he scored his first league goal on his return in the 1–1 draw with Queens Park Rangers on 10 August. On 24 August, he scored a hat-trick in a 5–1 win against A.F.C. Bournemouth. Vaughan joined fellow Championship club Birmingham City on 26 November 2015, on loan until 2 January 2016. He made his debut as a", "id": "14499593" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Smith (footballer, born 1911)\n\n\ncontinued their dominance of Scottish football. Smith also collected his first Scottish Cup medal, scoring in a 5-0 defeat of St Mirren in the final at Hampden. Success for Smith and Rangers continued. The League title was again won in 1934–35 with Smith scoring 43 goals in 38 matches, including 6 in a 7-1 defeat of Dunfermline Athletic. He also collected his second Scottish Cup medal, scoring twice in the 2-1 against Hamilton Academical in the final. Rangers went on to win two of the next", "id": "14794886" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\na 4–2 win over Motherwell at the start of the 1946–47 season. He made a total of 13 league appearances in his first season, including a 4–1 win over Hamilton Academical in the last match, as Rangers beat Hibernian to clinch the League title. In the following season, 1947–48, Cox was an ever present as Rangers finished second to Hibs in the league, and won the Scottish Cup after a 1–0 win over Greenock Morton. Cox also netted his first Rangers goal during the season, scoring in a 2–1 win over", "id": "14907540" }, { "contents": "Andrew Little (footballer)\n\n\nas making one appearance for the \"B\" team, he won his first senior cap in March 2009, and appeared nine times in total. A former Ballinamallard United player, he moved from Northern Ireland to Scotland in 2006 to join the Rangers Academy. He scored for the \"Gers\" in the club's Scottish Youth Cup final victory over Old Firm rival's Celtic at Hampden Park in 2008. That season he also helped the club to top the SPFL Development League. He made his senior debut as a substitute for", "id": "5532587" }, { "contents": "Jim Eadie\n\n\nJames Eadie (born 4 February 1947) is a Scottish former professional footballer. During his career, he made over 200 appearances in the Football League in spells with Cardiff City, Chester and Bristol Rovers. Eadie began his career at Rangers but never made a first team appearance for the club, moving to Dumbarton where he played a handful of matches before joining Kirkintilloch Rob Roy. It wasn't until he moved south to play in The Football League that he began to play regular football. He signed for Cardiff City in 1969", "id": "15683889" }, { "contents": "Andrew McAtee\n\n\nconscripted in 1917 and served in Italy. On returning to Scotland McAtee resumed his successful football career with Celtic, participating in two further league title-winning seasons for a total of six. He also featured in a further Scottish Cup victory in 1923, twelve years after his first in 1911, and won four Glasgow Cups, scoring the winning goal against Clyde in the 1920-21 final. He made one appearance for Scotland in 1913 versus Wales but was selected more frequently for the Scottish League XI, playing in seven games", "id": "872940" }, { "contents": "Bobby Russell (footballer, born 1957)\n\n\nRobert Russell (born 11 February 1957 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Russell joined Rangers from Shettleston Juniors in 1977 and made his first team debut against Aberdeen on 13 August that year, aged only 20. The game ended in a 3–1 defeat, however Rangers went on to win the treble that season and Russell cemented his place on the right side of the midfield. He made 370 appearances for the club and won a league championship, two Scottish Cups", "id": "82295" }, { "contents": "Aaron Ramsey\n\n\nMifsud. On 26 April, he scored his first league goal in a 3–3 draw against Burnley. He went on to make his first career league start three weeks later in a 3–1 win over Queens Park Rangers and began to establish himself in the first team, making several more starts in the Cardiff side. He made a total of 22 appearances during the season, his first full season of professional football, and played in five of the club's six FA Cup matches, including the final, becoming the second youngest player", "id": "12732777" }, { "contents": "Daniel Bruce (footballer)\n\n\nCup Final against Queen's Park. The final as scheduled finished as a 1–1 draw; in the replay, Bruce opened the scoring for Vale of Leven but Queen's came back to win 2–1. Soon afterwards, and while still a teenager, Bruce was capped for Scotland. His first and what turned out to be only international appearance came on 22 March 1890 against Wales in the British Home Championship; Scotland won 5–0. He moved to Rangers in 1891 and played four games in the Scottish Football League at the start of", "id": "4264595" }, { "contents": "Joe Hutton (footballer)\n\n\nJoseph \"Joe\" Hutton (18 November 1927 – April 1999) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Gillingham, Millwall, Reading and Stoke City. Hutton was born in Dundee and began his career in England with Reading. He only made eight appearances for the \"Royals\" before going back to Scotland to play for Ayr United. He and Ayr team-mate Bobby Cairns joined Stoke City in 1953. Hutton made an instant impact at the Victoria Ground scoring in his first three matches for the club", "id": "8572530" }, { "contents": "Alex Venters\n\n\nAlexander Venters (9 June 1913 – 30 April 1959) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Cowdenbeath, Rangers and Scotland. Alex Venters, an inside forward, joined Rangers in November 1933 after his first club Cowdenbeath. He spent a total of 13 years at Ibrox Park, winning three Scottish league titles (1935, 1937 and 1939), two Scottish Cups (1935, 1936) and scoring 102 goals in 201 appearances. 18 of these 102 goals came against Celtic in various competitions. In the last season before", "id": "9812289" }, { "contents": "Matt Fry\n\n\nreturned to West Ham having made 32 appearances, scoring one goal, for Charlton. Fry had his contract cancelled by mutual consent with West Ham on 2 February 2012 allowing him to seek first-team football on a regular basis. On 10 February 2012, Fry joined League Two club Bradford City on a free transfer. He made his debut in a 1–1 draw at home to Port Vale on 14 February 2012, in which he played 79 minutes before being substituted. After leaving Bradford, Fry played for Concord Rangers, helping", "id": "20258156" }, { "contents": "Alex Bennett (footballer)\n\n\nand also worked as a sports journalist. He died in Glasgow in 1940. Bennett was capped eleven times for Scotland, gaining three caps while at Celtic and the remaining eight while at Rangers. He made his Scotland debut against Wales in March 1904 and scored his first international goal, again against Wales, four years later. He scored his second international goal in his final Scotland appearance, against Ireland in March 1913. He also appeared ten times in representative matches for the Scottish Football League. At the age of 39 he", "id": "7795002" }, { "contents": "Robert Campbell (footballer, born 1882)\n\n\nRobert Campbell (1882 – 13 March 1931) was a Scottish footballer who played for Partick Thistle, Rangers, Millwall Athletic and Bradford City. He was a full back who won the 1911 FA Cup with Bradford. Born in Lugar in 1882, Campbell started his football career with Partick Thistle, with whom he won a Scottish League representative honour, before moving to Rangers in 1903. He played for Rangers until 1905, making nine appearances and scoring once before he moved to England and Millwall Athletic in the Southern League. He", "id": "15446261" }, { "contents": "Matthew Dickie\n\n\nMatthew Dickie (19 August 1873 – 30 December 1959) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Rangers. Dickie made his Rangers debut against St Mirren in a 5-1 home win at Ibrox on 15 August 1896. He played 126 league matches from a possible 132 in an amazing spell during his time at the club. He went on to make 175 first class appearances in total. Dickie won four League championships, 3 Scottish Cups, 5 Glasgow Cups and represented Scotland three times.", "id": "4766083" }, { "contents": "Michael O'Halloran (footballer)\n\n\nwin over Forfar Athletic. He scored again in Saints' final home game of the season, to conclude a 3–3 draw with former club Celtic. O'Halloran won the Scottish Premiership player of the month award for November 2015. St Johnstone rejected two bids from Rangers for O'Halloran in January 2016. Manager Tommy Wright then left O'Halloran out of their following league game, saying that O'Halloran was not \"mentally ready\" to play. O'Halloran made his final appearance for the club in a 2–1 defeat to Hibernian in the Scottish League Cup semi", "id": "9744181" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Millar (footballer, born 1870)\n\n\ntwo different spells: 1890–96 (winning three Football League championships in four seasons) and 1900–04 (claiming a fourth title), separated by a stint in his homeland at Rangers where he won two Scottish Football League titles and two Scottish Cups. Overall he made 260 appearances for Sunderland, scoring 123 goals. At the time of his death he was the trainer for Chelsea. Millar was capped for Scotland three times between 1897 and 1898 during his time with Rangers, scoring twice, both in matches against England; his first was", "id": "14464136" }, { "contents": "Joe Hendry\n\n\nJoe Hendry was a Scottish football player. Hendry played for Rangers, Greenock Morton and St Johnstone amongst other clubs during his career. Hendry began playing football with Maryhill FC. He joined Greenock Morton in 1907 and stayed there for two years before signing for Rangers. Hendry made his debut in a 1–0 win at home on 23 April 1910 against Clyde and during his eight-year spell with the club Hendry made 147 appearances and scored 7 goals. After leaving Rangers he had spells with Dumbarton, Third Lanark, St Johnstone and", "id": "17804993" }, { "contents": "Gordon Rae\n\n\nGordon Rae (born 3 May 1958) is a retired Scottish footballer, who played mainly as a defender for Hibernian, Partick Thistle, Hamilton Academical and Meadowbank Thistle. He also played sometimes as a centre forward, scoring over 50 goals in the Scottish Football League in his career. Rae signed for Hibernian as a 17-year-old from Whitehill Welfare in 1975. He made his first team debut two years later, and scored in a 2–0 win against Rangers at Ibrox in his second appearance. He became club captain, appeared", "id": "6510043" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Johnstone\n\n\narrival at Celtic, Stein had doubts about Johnstone, considering him too much of an individual player, to the overall detriment of the team, and he left him out of the team for the 1965 Scottish Cup Final. Johnstone soon won Stein round with his skill, and won his first winner's medal on 23 October 1965 when he played in Celtic's 2–1 win over Rangers in the Scottish League Cup Final. His 32 league appearances and nine goals that season helped Celtic win their first league title in 12 years. Johnstone", "id": "811424" }, { "contents": "Eddie Rutherford\n\n\nEdward 'Eddie' Rutherford (8 February 1921 – 29 August 2007) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers, Hearts and Scotland. Born in Govan, Scotland, Rutherford joined Rangers from Mossvale in 1941 but during the Second World War he was posted to England so he guested for Lincoln City and Bradford City. He played three games for Bradford in 1944–45 in the Football League War Cup North section. After he had completed his service, Rutherford returned to Rangers and made his first appearance for the club on 19 October", "id": "14506034" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\n1954 Cox played his last match for Scotland, as he captained the team at Hampden in a 4–2 defeat by England in front on 134,544 spectators. 1954–55 was Cox's last season at Rangers as he made only 15 first-team appearances. He made his final Rangers appearance in a 2–1 defeat to Aberdeen on 19 February 1955. Cox made a total of 370 appearances for Rangers, won 25 caps for Scotland and 13 caps for the Scottish League XI. After his Rangers career, Cox had a spell with East Fife before", "id": "14907543" }, { "contents": "Gary Warren (footballer)\n\n\ngame of the season, Warren made his debut in a 2–2 draw against St Mirren. Two-months later on 22 December 2012, he scored his first goal for Inverness in a 4–1 win over Dundee. In the quarter-final of the Scottish League Cup, he scored his second goal for Inverness in a 3–0 win over Rangers, helping the club to reach the semi-final. In the first part of the season, Warren and his teammates struggled as the club found themselves near the foot of the table,", "id": "16107731" }, { "contents": "Ronnie McKinnon\n\n\nRonald McKinnon (born 20 August 1940 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who played for Rangers and the Scotland national team. MacKinnon, a defender, made his Rangers debut against Hearts on 8 March 1961 in a 3–0 win at Ibrox. He went on to make 473 appearances for Rangers between 1961 and 1972, winning two League championships, four Scottish Cups, three League Cups and a Cup Winners' Cup. He also won a total of 28 caps for Scotland, making his debut in the famous 1", "id": "19851592" }, { "contents": "James Marshall (footballer, born 1908)\n\n\nDr James Marshall (3 January 1908 — 27 December 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for both Rangers and Arsenal as well as the Scotland national side. He played as an inside forward. Marshall was born in Avonbridge, Stirlingshire and joined Rangers from Shettleston in 1925. During his nine-year spell at Ibrox he amassed five League championships and three Scottish Cups. He also won three Scotland caps, all of them against England between 1932 and 1934. In total he scored 138 goals in 257 league appearances for Rangers", "id": "4895243" }, { "contents": "Thomas Murray (footballer)\n\n\nThomas Murray (7 April 1889 – 1976) was an English professional footballer who played as a inside right. Born in Middlesbrough, Murray spent his early career with Middlesbrough, Aberdeen, Rangers and Heart of Midlothian. At Hearts he scored 12 goals in 28 league games between August 1911 and April 1912. He joined Bradford City in June 1912. He made 6 league appearances for Bradford City, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in February 1914 to join Hull City. For Hull he made a further 2 league appearances", "id": "5167081" }, { "contents": "Ernie Thompson (footballer, born 1909)\n\n\n, scoring once in a 2–2 draw; his only other appearance came a week later in a 1–0 home win over Crewe Alexandra. At the end of the season, Thompson joined Second Division Bristol City, but never made a first-team appearance, instead spending his single season with the club playing in the reserves in both the Western Section of the Southern Football League and the Western Football League First Division. He left before the end of the 1929–30 season in February 1930 to join Bath City, playing for them in the", "id": "16156938" }, { "contents": "Alan Morton\n\n\n\"\" (insurance salesman). Morton had already been capped while an amateur before joining Rangers (making his debut for Scotland on 26 February 1920 against Wales) but would go on to play in every international against the \"Auld Enemy\", England, from 1920 to 1932 bar the fixture at Old Trafford in 1926, eventually winning 31 caps. In addition he made 15 appearances (scoring 1 goal) for the Scottish League XI (making his debut on 22 February 1919 against the Football League at St. Andrews, Birmingham", "id": "6451273" }, { "contents": "Dan Thomson\n\n\nDaniel Thomson (born 10 August 1891 in Dundee) was a Scottish professional footballer. Thomson began his career with Aberdeen before moving on to St Johnstone from where he joined Bristol City in the 1925-26 season. He spent the following season with Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic before joining Torquay United in 1927. He played in United's first match in the Football League, a 1-1 draw with local rivals Exeter City at Plainmoor on 27 August 1927. He played in the next eight games for Torquay before losing his place", "id": "2040384" }, { "contents": "Jack Smith (footballer, born 1895)\n\n\nwinning the Scottish Cup in 1920, including scoring the third goal for Kilmarnock in the final when they defeated his former team, Albion Rovers, 3–2. Following a disagreement with Kilmarnock, Smith joined Cowdenbeath, where during 1921–22, he netted 45 goals as they finished runners-up in Division Two. At the season's end he joined Rangers for £3,000, making his debut at Ibrox Park on 15 August 1922, scoring in a 2–0 victory over Alloa Athletic. He only made two further appearances for Rangers, scoring once", "id": "17284045" }, { "contents": "Peter Thomson (footballer)\n\n\nIn two seasons at Kenilworth Road he made 11 League appearances, scoring 3 goals. Scoring twice against Stoke City in a memorable 3-1 away win. He also played two League games whilst on loan at Rushden & Diamonds, scoring once on his debut. He had a brief spell with Morecambe, scoring against Dagenham & Redbridge on his home debut with an overhead kick. Thomson joined Southport in July 2002. He returned to Lancaster City in December 2003 and enjoyed further success with Stafford Rangers in the summer of 2005.", "id": "8805355" }, { "contents": "John McPherson (footballer, born 1868)\n\n\nMcPherson also won three Scottish Cup medals with Rangers, the first in 1894, where he scored in five of Rangers' six matches, including the 3–1 final win over Celtic at Hampden. McPherson also scored in the 1897 final, where Rangers defeated Dumbarton 5–1. His third Scottish Cup winners medal came a year later, 1898, where Rangers defeated McPherson's former club Kilmarnock 2–0. His final recorded appearance for Rangers was in a 2–0 friendly defeat to Glentoran on 2 April 1902. McPherson was also a Scottish International, winning", "id": "8242049" }, { "contents": "James Cairns (forward)\n\n\nJames Cairns (\"unknown\" – \"unknown\") was a footballer who played at inside right for several English clubs, including Lincoln City and Newton Heath in the late 1890s. Cairns began his football career with Stevenston Thistle in 1895, before moving to Glossop North End. In September 1897, he joined Football League side Lincoln City, but before he made an appearance for the club, he had moved on to Newton Heath in April 1898. It took Cairns six months to make his debut for the Heathens, eventually", "id": "22214514" }, { "contents": "Andy Neil\n\n\nAndrew Neil (18 November 1892 – 14 August 1941) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 328 Football League appearances playing as an inside forward or wing half for Brighton & Hove Albion (two spells), Arsenal and Queens Park Rangers. Neil was born in Crosshouse, near Kilmarnock in Ayrshire. He joined Kilmarnock of Division One from junior club Ardeer Thistle, and made his debut on 12 April 1913 away to Motherwell. He played regularly in his second season, and in 1914–15, his 20 goals placed him sixth in", "id": "2233011" }, { "contents": "Ernest Myers (footballer)\n\n\nErnest Myers, also known as Colin Myers, was an English professional footballer who played as an inside left. Born in Chapeltown, Sheffield, Myers spent his early career with Northfleet, Crystal Palace and Hickleton Main Colliery. He joined Bradford City in April 1914, and made 1 league appearance for the club, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in May 1920 to join Southend United, where he scored 2 goals in 23 league games. He later played for Aberdare Athletic, Northampton Town, Queens Park Rangers, Exeter", "id": "5167086" }, { "contents": "Billy Bennett (footballer, born 1955)\n\n\nthen over a year before Bennett made another senior appearance, when he again scored in a 3–0 Hearts win over Berwick Rangers in the final of the East of Scotland Shield. He made his league debut for Hearts on 16 November 1974 in the 1–3 defeat away at Arbroath. Bennett left Hearts in the summer of 1976 to sign for Third Division outfit Berwick Rangers. In two seasons with The Borderers, he played 69 league matches and scored 8 goals. At the start of the 1978–79 season, Bennett joined Forfar Athletic. He", "id": "17097673" }, { "contents": "Jerome Thomas\n\n\nhe scored a goal in the final over Blackburn Rovers. He was loaned out to Second Division side Queens Park Rangers in the 2001–02 and 2002–03 seasons. He made his debut in the Football League on 30 March 2002, in a 3–2 win over Tranmere Rovers at Prenton Park. He scored his first professional goal on 6 April, the only goal of the game against Swindon Town at the County Ground in a 1–0 win for QPR. During his second loan spell in October 2002, he scored long distance goals away at Cheltenham", "id": "9097657" }, { "contents": "Willie Reid (footballer)\n\n\nEngland with Portsmouth. Reid returned to Scotland in April 1909 when signed by Rangers, where he won three league titles in eleven seasons. He was the club's top scorer for six consecutive seasons, between 1910 and 1916. He received all his caps for Scottish national side while with Rangers. Reid made his Scotland debut in a 2–2 draw with Wales in 1911 and earned his last cap three years later, against England. Reid also represented the Scottish League XI. His football career was interrupted by the First World War,", "id": "15187335" }, { "contents": "Stephen McGinn\n\n\nRangers, where St Mirren won 1–0, the team's first home league win over Rangers in 22 years. McGinn started the 2009–10 season on bench in the Scottish League Cup game but then went on to score on his first start of the season in a 2–1 loss to Hibernian on 15 August 2009. He continued his season with a brace against Kilmarnock at Rugby Park, where The Buddies came from behind to win 2–1. McGinn signed for Watford in January 2010, for an undisclosed fee. He made his first Watford appearance", "id": "14258787" }, { "contents": "Anthony Ralston\n\n\nAnthony Ralston (born 16 November 1998) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Celtic. He also spent several months on loan at Queens Park in 2015 and at Dundee United in 2018. Ralston made his debut for the Celtic first team on 11 May 2016, in a 2–1 defeat against St Johnstone. He scored his first goal for Celtic in a 5–0 Scottish League Cup win over Kilmarnock on 8 August 2017. He made some further appearances early in the 2017–18 season, including a Champions League match against Paris Saint-", "id": "17673352" }, { "contents": "Sam Gallacher\n\n\nSamuel Gallacher (born 23 December 1904) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a centre half. Born in Annbank, Gallacher played for Larkfield Juniors and Cadzow St. Anne's in his native Scotland, before moving to England to join Bradford City in May 1924. For Bradford City he made 40 appearances in the Football League, scoring 2 goals. He left the club in August 1927 to join Crystal Palace. He later played for Lincoln City, making 13 appearances in the Football League as well as one FA Cup appearance", "id": "4883696" }, { "contents": "Julien Rodriguez\n\n\nJulien Rodriguez (born 11 June 1978 in Béziers, France) is a French former professional footballer who played as a defender. Rodriguez started his career at AS Monaco, making 135 appearances for the club and helping them to reach the 2004 Champions League final. He joined Scottish Premier League club Rangers in August 2005 for £1m. He scored his first goal for Rangers on 11 March 2006 in Rangers' 4–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Ibrox Stadium and made a total of 30 appearances in his debut season with the club.", "id": "11830556" }, { "contents": "Mark Williams (Scottish footballer)\n\n\n-year contract by his former St Mirren manager Danny Lennon. Nine days later he made his debut, playing the full 90 minutes as they won 1–0 at Highland League team Brora Rangers in the first round of the Scottish Challenge Cup. On 8 August he played his first league game, a 3–1 loss away to Queen of the South. In February 2016, he moved on loan to Arbroath in Scottish League Two; on 12 March he scored his first career goal to conclude a 3–0 win over East Stirlingshire at Gayfield Park", "id": "15479008" }, { "contents": "Jack Blackman (English footballer)\n\n\nJohn James Blackman (25 November 1912 – 1987) was an English retired professional footballer who played in the Football League for Crystal Palace and Queens Park Rangers as a forward. He also played non-league football for Guildford City. Blackman began his career at Queens Park Rangers and in October 1935, signed for Crystal Palace, then playing in the Football League Third Division South. He made a goal-scoring debut in November in a home 5–0 win against Millwall and went on to make 27 appearances that season scoring 19 times", "id": "13124108" }, { "contents": "Paul Bennett (footballer, born 1961)\n\n\nPaul Bennett (born 30 January 1961) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Port Vale. Bennett was an Everton youth team player before joining Port Vale in September 1978. He made his debut as a substitute in a 1–1 draw with Peterborough United at London Road on 1 November 1980, and three weeks later he scored his first goal in a 4–2 win over Bradford City. He went on to play 26 Fourth Division games in the 1980–81 season, and scored his first goal in the Football League", "id": "4265172" }, { "contents": "Nicol Smith\n\n\nNicol Smith (25 December 1873 – 6 January 1905) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers. Born in Darvel, Ayrshire, Smith played as a fullback for local sides Vale of Irvine, Royal Albert and Darvel, earning junior international selection, before joining Rangers in 1893. He made only two league appearances in his first season at the club, but by 1893–94, he had established himself in the Rangers team, missing just one of the 18 league fixtures. During that season he was also responsible for bringing Alex", "id": "20560230" }, { "contents": "Bill Paterson (footballer, born 1930)\n\n\nthe proceeds adding to the transfer deal. He had a relatively unsuccessful three years on Tyneside and so returned to Scotland to join Rangers for £3,500. His debut came on 13 August 1958 in a 2-1 home league win against Partick Thistle. That was the first of three appearances that he would make that entire season. Overall Paterson did go on to make 116 top team appearances for the club and won two Scottish league championships. He also claimed a Scottish Cup, a Scottish League Cup, a Charity Cup winners", "id": "14236809" }, { "contents": "David McClure (footballer)\n\n\nDavid McClure was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a right-back who had spells in Scotland, Ireland and England. He was born in Slamannan, Stirlingshire, but began his footballing career in Ireland with Glenavon. McClure then returned to Scotland to play Junior league football with Dunipace, before joining Scottish Football League club St Johnstone in 1924. In June 1927, he was signed by Football League Third Division North club Nelson and made his debut for the club on 24 September 1927 in the 2–1 win against Durham City.", "id": "19923020" }, { "contents": "Arthur Adey\n\n\nArthur Lewis Adey (1 March 1930 - January 1994) was a Scottish professional association football player of the 1950s. Born in Glasgow, he was a centre forward and began his professional career with Doncaster Rovers and later played for Gillingham and Bradford Park Avenue. He made 68 appearances in The Football League and scored 15 goals. He signed for Doncaster Rovers in September 1950, following his move from Bishop Auckland and made his professional debut in Division Two on 14 April 1951 against Queens Park Rangers. In 1954, after three more", "id": "17203075" }, { "contents": "Billy Hogg\n\n\nWilliam Hogg (29 May 1879 – 30 January 1937) was an English footballer who played at outside right, winning the Football League championship with Sunderland in 1901–02, before moving to Scotland where he won the Scottish League title three times with Rangers. He also made three appearances for England in 1902. Hogg was born in Sunderland and was playing local football with Willington Athletic when he was spotted by Sunderland where he became a professional in October 1899. He made his debut on 2 December 1899, scoring in a 5–0 victory over", "id": "13514822" }, { "contents": "John Ballantyne (footballer)\n\n\nJohn Ballantyne (30 June 1892 – after 1917) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 20 appearances in the Football League playing for Birmingham and played for Scottish Football League clubs Kilmarnock, Vale of Leven and Rangers. He played as an outside right. Ballantyne was born in Riccarton, Ayrshire. He played for Kilmarnock and Vale of Leven before coming to England to join Football League Second Division club Birmingham in April 1913. He made his debut on 26 April 1913, the last day of the 1912–13 season, in a 2–1", "id": "2299260" }, { "contents": "Liam Burt\n\n\nLiam Burt (born 1 February 1999) is a Scottish footballer who last played for Rangers, as a midfielder. He made his first team debut for Rangers in March 2016, and has also played on loan for Dumbarton and Alloa Athletic. Burt has represented Scotland at various youth levels up to under-21 level. Burt played youth football for Celtic before being released and subsequently joining the Rangers Academy. He made his professional debut for the club aged seventeen during a Scottish Championship match against Raith Rovers on 1 March 2016. A few", "id": "3837470" }, { "contents": "James Hamilton (footballer, born 1901)\n\n\nJames Hamilton (16 June 1901 – 1975) was a Scottish footballer who played for Vale of Clyde, St Mirren, Rangers, Blackpool, Barrow, Armadale and Scotland. He was a full-back. Bargeddie-born Hamilton made his debut for Harry Evans' Blackpool at home to Bristol City on 15 September 1928, six games into their 1928–29 Football League campaign. He made a further 24 League appearances that season as \"the Tangerines\" finished eighth in Division Two. He started the first three League games of the", "id": "1708146" }, { "contents": "John Campbell (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\nJohn William Campbell (2 October 1877 – 20 January 1919) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Linthouse, Partick Thistle, Blackburn Rovers, Rangers, West Ham United, Hibernian and the Scotland national team. He was born in Glasgow and gained the most success in his career with Rangers with whom he won four successive league titles (1898–99, 1899–00, 1900–01 and 1901–02) the first of which Rangers won all 18 of their Scottish league matches. He also represented Scotland at international level, winning four caps and scoring", "id": "13889025" }, { "contents": "Matt Hill (footballer)\n\n\nMatthew Clayton Hill (born 26 March 1981) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for Bradford Park Avenue. Born in Bristol, Hill started his career with Bristol City where he made over 200 appearances. He subsequently joined Preston North End where he also spent a successful spell, playing over 100 times for the Lancashire club. A move to Wolverhampton Wanderers followed but first team opportunities were more limited and he was loaned to Queens Park Rangers before leaving to join Barnsley. After only one season at the South Yorkshire club", "id": "15275700" }, { "contents": "Dennis O'Donnell\n\n\nDennis O'Donnell (q1 1880 – after 1908) was an English professional footballer who scored 41 goals from 167 appearances in the Football League playing as a forward for Lincoln City, Sunderland, Notts County and Bradford Park Avenue. He also played in the Southern League for Queens Park Rangers. O'Donnell was born in Willington Quay, then in Northumberland. He made his debut for Lincoln City on 5 October 1901 in a 2–1 win at home to Middlesbrough in the Football League Second Division, and played for the club until the end of", "id": "1332551" }, { "contents": "William McLachlan (footballer)\n\n\nWilliam McLachlan (born 19 March 1989) is a Scottish footballer currently playing for Irvine Meadow in the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region. He has previously played in the Scottish Football League First Division for Airdrie United and for Australian club Melbourne Knights in the Victorian Premier League. McLachlan began his career with Rangers and appeared for the Scotland U-16 team in a Victory Shield match against Northern Ireland in October 2004. In December 2008, he joined Airdrie United on loan. He made his debut against St Johnstone on 20 December.", "id": "18351658" }, { "contents": "Bruno Andrade (footballer, born 1993)\n\n\njoined Lincoln City for the 2018-19 League Two season for a free transfer on the 24th May 2018. Born in Portugal, Andrade joined the Queens Park Rangers academy at the age of 13. He made his debut for Queens Park Rangers against Preston North End on 20 November 2010. He then made his second appearance for the club against Blackburn Rovers in the FA Cup. He replaced Jamie Mackie who had broken his leg. He made a further two first-team appearances at the beginning of the 2011–12 season, including", "id": "14654306" }, { "contents": "John Walker (footballer, born 1873)\n\n\nscored the winning goal against West Bromwich Albion on the final day of the season to secure the title. Walker played another 18 times for Liverpool in 1901–02 before returning to Scotland to join Rangers, who had just won a fourth successive domestic title but were also facing financial troubles due to the reconstruction work required on their stadium after the recent 1902 Ibrox disaster. He scored at a rate of nearly a goal every two league games over his three seasons with the Glasgow club, and appeared in two further Scottish Cup finals. In", "id": "15474189" }, { "contents": "Charles Dennington\n\n\nCharles Dennington (born 7 October 1899, died 1943) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Beccles, Dennington played for Norwich City, Bradford City and Kirkley. He joined Norwich from his home town club, Beccles Town, and made his debut in a 1-1 draw against Queens Park Rangers in the Third Division (South) in August 1922, establishing himself as the Canaries' first choice ahead of William O'Hagen and Ernest Williamson. He missed just twenty League games over the next five", "id": "8086327" }, { "contents": "Davy McDougall\n\n\nside of 1899–00. He was also with Rangers without apparently making a first team appearance. In summer 1900 he joined Southern League Bristol City from Partick Thistle making his debut at outside left in a 0–2 defeat at Luton Town on 15 September 1900. He made 11 appearances scoring 2 goals playing on both right and left wings in season 1900–01 when Bristol City were runners up in the Southern League. He also played on both wings in 12 Western League games scoring 2 goals. He rejoined Rangers in the summer of 1901 making 4", "id": "20661422" }, { "contents": "Gordon Smith (footballer, born December 1954)\n\n\n. He was sold to Rangers in 1977 for £65,000. In his first season with Rangers, Smith won the domestic treble, scoring 27 goals from midfield. He also scored the winning goal in the 1978 Scottish League Cup Final, against Celtic. He was sold to Brighton & Hove Albion in 1980 for a record transfer fee of £440,000. He returned to Rangers on loan in December 1982, playing in the 1982 League Cup Final defeat by Celtic. Smith made three appearances during his loan spell, without scoring.", "id": "8508165" }, { "contents": "George Stewart (footballer, born 1932)\n\n\nGeorge Stewart (16 November 1932 – 22 May 1998) was a Scottish footballer, who played as a goalkeeper for Petershill Juniors, Raith Rovers, Stirling Albion, Montrose and Bradford City. Born in Larkhall in 1932, Stewart started his career with junior side Petershill. He was capped by the Scotland junior select team while with the club. He joined the senior game when he signed for Raith Rovers in 1952. He made 68 appearances in the Scottish Football League for three clubs in seven seasons, before moving to England to", "id": "22044872" }, { "contents": "Tommy Anderson (footballer)\n\n\nfor a fee of £1,000, but in November the same year he moved to Queen's Park Rangers. He had only played five league games for Bournemouth, scoring once. He went on to score 3 times in 10 league games for Rangers in the 1958–59 season. He moved again in July 1959, signing for Torquay United. He made his debut on 22 August 1959, the first day of the 1959–60 season, in a 2–1 home win against Doncaster Rovers. In his season with Torquay he played in nine league", "id": "2845776" }, { "contents": "Richard Edghill\n\n\nof Sun Jihai served to further limit Richard's opportunities at the club and he was released at the end of the 2001–02 promotion winning campaign, having made a total of 207 appearances for the club in nine years. Following his release Edghill had short unsuccessful spells with Wigan Athletic and Sheffield United before joining Queens Park Rangers in August 2003. In the 2005 close season Edghill joined Bradford City on a free transfer. At Bradford he scored twice; against Tranmere Rovers in the league and Barnsley in the FA Cup. He was one", "id": "9473165" }, { "contents": "John Blackwood (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\n, who then sold him to Football League Second Division club Woolwich Arsenal. After joining Woolwich Arsenal in May 1900, Blackwood scored on his debut, in a 2–1 win over Gainsborough Trinity on the opening day of the 1900–01 season. This was to be his only season with the club; he scored six goals in 17 league appearances. He also scored during his one appearance in the FA Cup, against Darwen on 5 January 1901. He left for Reading in May 1901. In November 1902, Blackwood joined Queens Park Rangers", "id": "4952881" }, { "contents": "David Amoo\n\n\nRobinson's first-team however, and made just two further substitute appeareances at Stadium MK before returning to Anfield on 23 February. On 28 February, he joined Championship side Hull City on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. He made his \"Tigers\" debut coming on as a replacement for Jay Simpson in a 1–0 win at Nottingham Forest on 5 March. He scored his first goal in senior football in a 1–1 draw at Queens Park Rangers on 25 April. Unable to break into Nigel Pearson's first-", "id": "5142268" }, { "contents": "Chris Brandon\n\n\nin Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, on 7 April 1976. He attended Yorkshire Martyrs Collegiate School in Bradford and supported the city's Football League team Bradford City. Brandon started his football career as a trainee for Bradford City, but he was dropped by their academy and joined non-league side Bradford Park Avenue. He later played for Farsley Celtic before joining Stafford Rangers. He played 32 times for Rangers over two seasons before returning to play for Bradford Park Avenue. In his two spells with Park Avenue, Brandon played", "id": "14931377" }, { "contents": "Sam Charnley\n\n\nSamuel \"Sam\" Charnley (18 November 1902 – 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for Wolverhampton Wanderers in the Football League. Born in Craigneuk, a suburb of Wishaw, North Lanarkshire, Charnley played for Burnbank Athletic before joining Wolverhampton Wanderers of the Football League Second Division in January 1925. He made his debut on 12 September 1925 in a 4–1 win against Portsmouth. After making 55 appearances in total, scoring once, he joined Midland League team York City in August 1928. He captained York in the 1928–29 season", "id": "10736957" }, { "contents": "Sébastien Faure (footballer)\n\n\n. Faure joined Rangers on a three-year deal pending international clearance on 21 August 2012. After the move, Faure says he joined Rangers because Manager Ally McCoist persuaded him to join. He made his debut against First Division side Falkirk in the Scottish League Cup on 30 August 2012. It was on 23 February 2013, when Faure scored his first ever senior goal. This came whilst playing Third Division Berwick Rangers and it contributed to a 3–1 win away from home. Faure had his first run out of the season in", "id": "5596733" }, { "contents": "Dave MacFarlane\n\n\nDave MacFarlane (16 January 1967 – 30 October 2013) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Kilmarnock. MacFarlane began his career with Ayr United Boys Club before joining Rangers. Whilst at Ibrox he made seven league appearances and picked up a winner's medal in October 1986 when he came on as a second-half substitute in Rangers 2-1 win over Celtic in the Scottish League Cup Final. MacFarlane also had loan spells with Kilmarnock and Dundee, before joining the former on a permanent", "id": "7049582" }, { "contents": "Rocco Quinn\n\n\nAugust 2009. His league debut was the 1–1 home draw a week later against Raith Rovers. He scored league goals that season in games against Ayr United, Partick Thistle and a double against Greenock Morton. The Palmerston Park side ended the season in fifth place. He also played on 23 September 2009 in the 2–1 home League Cup defeat against Rangers. In total Quinn made 35 competitive first team appearances in his first season. The QoS website confirmed on 18 June 2011 that Quinn had left and signed for Ross County. In", "id": "16760979" }, { "contents": "Tommy Kelso\n\n\nTommy Kelso (6 May 1882-29 January 1974) was a Scottish footballer who played as a full back for Manchester City between 1906 and 1911. Kelso started his career at Third Lanark before signing for Manchester City in 1906. He made his debut for Manchester City in September 1906 in a 4-1 defeat against Arsenal. He made 139 league appearances for Manchester City and scored 3 goals. He subsequently returned to Scotland and played for Dundee, Rangers and Dumbarton. He won one Scotland cap in 1914 in a 0", "id": "5742448" }, { "contents": "Luke Freeman\n\n\nLeague Trophy and League One titles during his first season with the team. He spent two-and-a-half years at Bristol City before joining Queens Park Rangers in January 2017. Freeman began his career at Charlton Athletic, joining the club's academy in 2001 after being scouted playing Sunday league youth football. He spent two years at Charlton before being released \"for being too small\". Following his release from Charlton, Freeman joined Gillingham at the age of 11. He made his first-team debut for Gillingham", "id": "8315727" }, { "contents": "David Provan (footballer, born 1941)\n\n\nDavid Provan (11 March 1941 – 26 November 2016) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for Rangers, Crystal Palace, Plymouth Argyle and St Mirren. Provan also played for Scotland and the Scottish League XI. Provan was a product of the Rangers youth team and played as a full back. He made his debut on 27 December 1958, in a league match away to Third Lanark which Rangers won 3-2. He helped the club win a domestic treble in 1963–4 and played in the 1967 European Cup Winners", "id": "926204" }, { "contents": "Neil Danns\n\n\ndeal. He had rejected an offer from Scottish Premier League club Rangers. Danns made his Leicester City debut, where he started the whole game, in a 1–0 win over Coventry City in the opening game of the season. He scored his first goal for Leicester City on 23 August 2011 in a 4–2 away win against Bury in the League Cup. Danns soon became a first team regular for the side at the start of the season, finding himself rotated. He scored his first league goal for the club against Blackpool in", "id": "141524" }, { "contents": "Billy Blunt\n\n\nWilliam Blunt (5 August 1886 – 1962) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Wolverhampton Wanderers and Bristol Rovers. Blunt joined Second Division Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1908 from nearby non-league side Stafford Rangers. He made his Football League debut on 28 November 1908 in a 1–2 defeat at Oldham Athletic. He scored two in his second appearance (against Clapton Orient) and ended the season with 8 goals. The 1909–10 campaign saw him score 27 goals, making him the club's top goalscorer for the season", "id": "5433307" }, { "contents": "Gordon Ashcroft\n\n\nGordon Aschroft (7 September 1902 – after 1930) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Lea, Lancashire, he played for Coppull Central before joining Football League First Division side Burnley in November 1925. He made his debut for the club on 7 December 1925 in the 3–1 win against Birmingham at Turf Moor. Ashcroft failed to make another first-team appearance for Burnley and was released at the end of the 1926–27 season. In August 1927 he signed for Burscough Rangers, and then played for", "id": "5652868" }, { "contents": "Raul Correia\n\n\ngoal for Guiseley on 16 September in a 1–1 draw away to Wrexham after guiding Will Hatfield's deflected shot from distance past goalkeeper Luke Coddington. Correia made his final appearance in a 4–0 defeat away to Tranmere Rovers on 30 December, and returned to his parent club two days later. On 11 January 2018, Correia joined National League North club York City on loan for the remainder of the season. Two days later, he made his debut by starting in a 2–1 home win against Bradford Park Avenue. He scored his first", "id": "12088537" }, { "contents": "Bobby Main\n\n\nRobert Frame Main (10 February 1909 – 30 March 1985) was a Scottish professional football player, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Main began his career at local team Baillieston Juniors and joined Rangers in 1929, initially as understudy to Sandy Archibald. He was in and out of the side for four years before becoming a regular in 1933. During his spell at the club he won two Scottish league championships, two Scottish Cups, three Glasgow Cups and two Charity Cups. He made 158 appearances for Rangers", "id": "12825737" }, { "contents": "Ian McColl\n\n\nfinal appearance for Rangers was in the 1960 Scottish Cup Final, a 2–0 win against Kilmarnock. He made a total of 526 appearances for the Glasgow club. He also won 14 caps for Scotland and represented the Scottish League XI. After his playing career, he quickly went into management. He was appointed manager of Scotland in 1960 and enjoyed a winning start, beating Northern Ireland 5–2 at Hampden Park. Under McColl's managership, Scotland won British Home Championships in 1962 and 1963. The team beat England 2–0 at Hampden and", "id": "14525157" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Sharp\n\n\nyear later, in 1905 he was snapped up by Woolwich Arsenal of the First Division and promptly became a regular in the side after making his debut against Liverpool on 2 September 1905. He missed only three league games in his first season and reached the FA Cup semi-finals twice in his first two seasons. At Arsenal Sharp also won another three Scotland caps, before Rangers prised him away in April 1908 for £400. In total he played 116 games for Arsenal, scoring 5 goals. His spell at Rangers only", "id": "17959164" }, { "contents": "Craig Beattie\n\n\nplayed a competitive game in two months he missed the game against Dundee United on 25 February as was not match fit. After scoring twice in a bounce game, he made his debut as a substitute on 3 March against Rangers in a 2–1 win at Ibrox. He scored his first goal for Hearts in a 2–2 draw with St Mirren in the Scottish Cup 6th round at Tynecaste on 10 March. He had a second goal in the same match wrongfully ruled out for offside. In just his second league appearance for the club", "id": "12813032" }, { "contents": "Vladimír Weiss (footballer, born 1989)\n\n\nsubstitute. On 19 August 2010, Weiss joined Scottish side Rangers on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. Prior to signing for Rangers, Weiss rejected a move to their city rivals Celtic. He made his Rangers debut against Hibernian at Easter Road on 22 August coming on as a substitute for James Beattie, setting up the second goal with Rangers going on to win 3–0. He scored his first goal for Rangers in a 4–1 home win against Motherwell and five days later made his Champions League debut against Valencia, providing", "id": "535578" }, { "contents": "Ralph Brand\n\n\nplayed his last match for Rangers on 23 April 1965 when he scored the only goal in a 1–0 win over Third Lanark in the final League game of the season. Brand was sold to Manchester City in August that year for £30,000. Two years later he moved to Sunderland before returning to Scottish football at Raith Rovers (managed by his friend Jimmy Millar). He retired in 1970, although he would come out of retirement to play a handful of matches for Hamilton Academical in 1971–72. Brand played for Scotland eight times", "id": "16219219" } ]

[ { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nTommy Cairns (30 October 1890 – 30 November 1967) was a Scottish footballer who played for Bristol City, Peebles Rovers, St Johnstone, Rangers, Bradford City and Scotland. Born in Merryton, Lanarkshire, Cairns made his name in Junior football, helping Burnbank Athletic to the Scottish Junior Cup in 1911. He also appeared for Larkhall Thistle before earning an opportunity in the senior leagues. His first professional club was Bristol City where he played for two seasons from 1911. He joined Peebles Rovers in 1913 and had a short", "id": "21330844" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nan ever-present and scored 11 goals. Cairns enjoyed further League title successes in 1919–20, 1920–21, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1924–25 and 1926–27 before joining Bradford City in 1927. His final Rangers appearance was in a 2–1 win over Queen's Park on 1 March 1927. In his time with Bradford he made 135 appearances and won a Division Three North medal in 1929. He retired from football in 1932 and later worked as a scout for Arsenal. Cairns was also capped at international level, making eight Scotland appearances. He", "id": "21330846" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nspell with St Johnstone before joining Rangers in November 1913. He made his debut against Hamilton Academical on 27 December 1913 and played a total of nine games in his first season as Rangers finished second to rivals Celtic in Division One. Cairns was a regular in the Rangers team the following season, missing just one league game. He continued to be a regular in the team for the next two seasons but it was in season 1917–18 that he won his first League title (Rangers' first for five years). Cairns was", "id": "21330845" }, { "contents": "Kevin Cairns (footballer)\n\n\nin September 1960, making his debut that month in a Scottish Football League match against St Johnstone. After being a first team regular in his first season, Cairns made only one appearance in 1961–62 and was given a free transfer by Dundee United in May 1962. He signed for Southport in August 1962, going on to make 206 appearances in the Football League over the next six years. He then played non-league football for Wigan Athletic, where he played four games in the Cheshire League, and made a further five", "id": "20271756" }, { "contents": "Sandy Archibald\n\n\nRangers won the League title for the first time in 5 seasons. Archibald went on to win thirteen league titles in his seventeen seasons with the Glasgow club. He also won three Scottish Cup medals, the first of which was Rangers' first in 25 years and Archibald scored twice in the final as Rangers defeated Celtic 4–0 at Hampden. His final appearance for Rangers was in a 1–1 draw away to Queen's Park on 30 April 1934. He made 580 appearances for Rangers. Archibald won a total of 8 caps for Scotland", "id": "9747370" }, { "contents": "Arthur Dixon (footballer, born 1892)\n\n\nfirst goal for the club on 8 March 1919 in a 3–0 league win against Hamilton Academical. He enjoyed a benefit match at Ibrox Park on 10 September 1923. A crowd of 10,000 watched Rangers draw 1–1 with Liverpool. The Rangers side was: Hamilton (goalkeeper), Manderson, Meiklejohn, Dixon, McCandless, Archibald, Muirhead, Morton, Hansen, Cairns. The goalscorer for Rangers was Hansen. In total he made 361 appearances (326 league and 35 Scottish Cup) for the club. He scored eight goals (", "id": "11923821" }, { "contents": "Bert Manderson\n\n\nBert Manderson (9 May 1893 – 27 April 1946) was an Irish footballer, who played for Rangers and Ireland. Manderson, a right-back, made his Rangers debut in a 1-1 draw with Aberdeen on 27 March 1915. He had joined Rangers from Glenavon for £150. He previously had spells at Cliftonville and Belfast Celtic. He went on to make 370 league appearances (452 in total) in 12 seasons with the club, winning seven Scottish league titles. Manderson left Rangers to join Bradford Park", "id": "21502381" }, { "contents": "Archie Devine\n\n\nScotland, but he never played for the national side again. He also made one appearance for the Scottish League XI in that season, in a 3–2 win against the English Football League XI. In April 1910 he moved south of the border to Bradford City, and was part of the side that won the 1911 FA Cup Final against Newcastle United. He stayed at Bradford for nearly three years before joining Woolwich Arsenal. He made his debut for Arsenal against Chelsea on 15 February 1913, and was part of the team that", "id": "20302147" }, { "contents": "James Stewart (footballer, born 1883)\n\n\nhe played in the losing side in the final against Bradford City. He made his third, and final, England appearance against Scotland on 1 April 1911 and again scored in a 1–1 draw. All three of his international appearances thus ended 1–1. He continued to be a regular member of the Newcastle side until he was sold to Rangers in 1913 for £600. In his Newcastle career he made a total of 138 appearances with 53 goals. In May 1914 he returned to his native north-east, and non-", "id": "11906121" }, { "contents": "George Waddell\n\n\nGeorge Barr Waddell (29 November 1888 – 17 September 1966) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Scottish Football League for Rangers and in the Football League in England for Bradford City, Preston North End, Oldham Athletic, Birmingham and New Brighton. He played as a wing half. Waddell was born in Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire. He began his football career in junior football before joining Rangers in 1909. He made his debut in Division One on 26 April 1909 in a 3–2 defeat to Queen's Park. Over the", "id": "656965" }, { "contents": "Andrew Shinnie\n\n\ninternational debut for Scotland in November 2012, in a 2–1 win over Luxembourg. Shinnie made his first team debut for Rangers on 17 March 2007, coming on as a substitute for Dado Pršo in a Scottish Premier League match against Aberdeen. On the same day, he scored two goals for Rangers' under-19 team against St Mirren under-19s. In April, he scored the first goal in the 5–0 win over rivals Celtic as Rangers won the 2007 Scottish Youth Cup Final. He went on to sign a new three-year professional", "id": "14751617" }, { "contents": "Bobby McKean\n\n\nRobert Munro McKean (8 December 1952 – 15 March 1978) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for St Mirren and Rangers. He appeared in one full international match for Scotland, in 1976. McKean started his career at local club Blantyre Victoria before moving to St Mirren in 1969. After five seasons in Paisley he joined Rangers for £50,000 in September 1974. He enjoyed a successful spell in Govan and won the league twice in his first two seasons. He was also part of the 1976 Scottish Cup Final winning", "id": "303577" }, { "contents": "Andy Cunningham (footballer)\n\n\n1918–19. In total, he made 389 appearances and scored 182 goals for Rangers. He won 7 League titles and played in Rangers' famous 1928 Scottish Cup final triumph where they defeated Celtic 4–0 to win their first Scottish Cup in 25 years. Cunningham was also capped at international level, playing 12 times for Scotland and scoring 5 goals. He lost just one of his 12 games for Scotland. Cunningham also represented the Scottish League XI 10 times. Cunningham moved to Newcastle United in 1928, becoming the then oldest player to", "id": "19975016" }, { "contents": "Archie Mitchell (footballer)\n\n\nthe team win the Birmingham & District League title in the 1905–06 and 1906–07 seasons. Mitchell departed Villa in 1907. On 2 May 1907, Mitchell joined Southern League First Division club Queens Park Rangers. He had a good start to his career with the Hoops, winning the 1907–08 First Division title in his debut season. A further First Division title was won in 1911–12, with the Charity Shield being lost 2–1 to Football League First Division champions Blackburn Rovers. He remained with Queens Park Rangers through to 1921 and finally made his", "id": "9272843" }, { "contents": "James Bowie (footballer)\n\n\nJames Bowie (9 July 1888 – 7 August 1972) was a Scottish football player and football administrator, who played for and was chairman of Rangers. He began his career at Maryhill Juniors and joined Rangers in December 1910 from Queen's Park. He made his debut against Falkirk on 10 December 1910. During his time at the club he won six League championships and played in a total of 351 competitive games, scoring 70 goals. Bowie won two Scotland caps in 1920, and also played in three wartime internationals in 1919", "id": "4895542" }, { "contents": "James Vaughan (footballer, born 1988)\n\n\n. He made his second debut for the club in the 1–0 defeat by Nottingham Forest on 3 August. After scoring two goals in the League Cup win over Bradford City on 6 August, he scored his first league goal on his return in the 1–1 draw with Queens Park Rangers on 10 August. On 24 August, he scored a hat-trick in a 5–1 win against A.F.C. Bournemouth. Vaughan joined fellow Championship club Birmingham City on 26 November 2015, on loan until 2 January 2016. He made his debut as a", "id": "14499593" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Smith (footballer, born 1911)\n\n\ncontinued their dominance of Scottish football. Smith also collected his first Scottish Cup medal, scoring in a 5-0 defeat of St Mirren in the final at Hampden. Success for Smith and Rangers continued. The League title was again won in 1934–35 with Smith scoring 43 goals in 38 matches, including 6 in a 7-1 defeat of Dunfermline Athletic. He also collected his second Scottish Cup medal, scoring twice in the 2-1 against Hamilton Academical in the final. Rangers went on to win two of the next", "id": "14794886" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\na 4–2 win over Motherwell at the start of the 1946–47 season. He made a total of 13 league appearances in his first season, including a 4–1 win over Hamilton Academical in the last match, as Rangers beat Hibernian to clinch the League title. In the following season, 1947–48, Cox was an ever present as Rangers finished second to Hibs in the league, and won the Scottish Cup after a 1–0 win over Greenock Morton. Cox also netted his first Rangers goal during the season, scoring in a 2–1 win over", "id": "14907540" }, { "contents": "Andrew Little (footballer)\n\n\nas making one appearance for the \"B\" team, he won his first senior cap in March 2009, and appeared nine times in total. A former Ballinamallard United player, he moved from Northern Ireland to Scotland in 2006 to join the Rangers Academy. He scored for the \"Gers\" in the club's Scottish Youth Cup final victory over Old Firm rival's Celtic at Hampden Park in 2008. That season he also helped the club to top the SPFL Development League. He made his senior debut as a substitute for", "id": "5532587" }, { "contents": "Jim Eadie\n\n\nJames Eadie (born 4 February 1947) is a Scottish former professional footballer. During his career, he made over 200 appearances in the Football League in spells with Cardiff City, Chester and Bristol Rovers. Eadie began his career at Rangers but never made a first team appearance for the club, moving to Dumbarton where he played a handful of matches before joining Kirkintilloch Rob Roy. It wasn't until he moved south to play in The Football League that he began to play regular football. He signed for Cardiff City in 1969", "id": "15683889" }, { "contents": "Andrew McAtee\n\n\nconscripted in 1917 and served in Italy. On returning to Scotland McAtee resumed his successful football career with Celtic, participating in two further league title-winning seasons for a total of six. He also featured in a further Scottish Cup victory in 1923, twelve years after his first in 1911, and won four Glasgow Cups, scoring the winning goal against Clyde in the 1920-21 final. He made one appearance for Scotland in 1913 versus Wales but was selected more frequently for the Scottish League XI, playing in seven games", "id": "872940" }, { "contents": "Bobby Russell (footballer, born 1957)\n\n\nRobert Russell (born 11 February 1957 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Russell joined Rangers from Shettleston Juniors in 1977 and made his first team debut against Aberdeen on 13 August that year, aged only 20. The game ended in a 3–1 defeat, however Rangers went on to win the treble that season and Russell cemented his place on the right side of the midfield. He made 370 appearances for the club and won a league championship, two Scottish Cups", "id": "82295" }, { "contents": "Aaron Ramsey\n\n\nMifsud. On 26 April, he scored his first league goal in a 3–3 draw against Burnley. He went on to make his first career league start three weeks later in a 3–1 win over Queens Park Rangers and began to establish himself in the first team, making several more starts in the Cardiff side. He made a total of 22 appearances during the season, his first full season of professional football, and played in five of the club's six FA Cup matches, including the final, becoming the second youngest player", "id": "12732777" }, { "contents": "Daniel Bruce (footballer)\n\n\nCup Final against Queen's Park. The final as scheduled finished as a 1–1 draw; in the replay, Bruce opened the scoring for Vale of Leven but Queen's came back to win 2–1. Soon afterwards, and while still a teenager, Bruce was capped for Scotland. His first and what turned out to be only international appearance came on 22 March 1890 against Wales in the British Home Championship; Scotland won 5–0. He moved to Rangers in 1891 and played four games in the Scottish Football League at the start of", "id": "4264595" }, { "contents": "Joe Hutton (footballer)\n\n\nJoseph \"Joe\" Hutton (18 November 1927 – April 1999) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Gillingham, Millwall, Reading and Stoke City. Hutton was born in Dundee and began his career in England with Reading. He only made eight appearances for the \"Royals\" before going back to Scotland to play for Ayr United. He and Ayr team-mate Bobby Cairns joined Stoke City in 1953. Hutton made an instant impact at the Victoria Ground scoring in his first three matches for the club", "id": "8572530" }, { "contents": "Alex Venters\n\n\nAlexander Venters (9 June 1913 – 30 April 1959) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Cowdenbeath, Rangers and Scotland. Alex Venters, an inside forward, joined Rangers in November 1933 after his first club Cowdenbeath. He spent a total of 13 years at Ibrox Park, winning three Scottish league titles (1935, 1937 and 1939), two Scottish Cups (1935, 1936) and scoring 102 goals in 201 appearances. 18 of these 102 goals came against Celtic in various competitions. In the last season before", "id": "9812289" }, { "contents": "Matt Fry\n\n\nreturned to West Ham having made 32 appearances, scoring one goal, for Charlton. Fry had his contract cancelled by mutual consent with West Ham on 2 February 2012 allowing him to seek first-team football on a regular basis. On 10 February 2012, Fry joined League Two club Bradford City on a free transfer. He made his debut in a 1–1 draw at home to Port Vale on 14 February 2012, in which he played 79 minutes before being substituted. After leaving Bradford, Fry played for Concord Rangers, helping", "id": "20258156" }, { "contents": "Alex Bennett (footballer)\n\n\nand also worked as a sports journalist. He died in Glasgow in 1940. Bennett was capped eleven times for Scotland, gaining three caps while at Celtic and the remaining eight while at Rangers. He made his Scotland debut against Wales in March 1904 and scored his first international goal, again against Wales, four years later. He scored his second international goal in his final Scotland appearance, against Ireland in March 1913. He also appeared ten times in representative matches for the Scottish Football League. At the age of 39 he", "id": "7795002" }, { "contents": "Robert Campbell (footballer, born 1882)\n\n\nRobert Campbell (1882 – 13 March 1931) was a Scottish footballer who played for Partick Thistle, Rangers, Millwall Athletic and Bradford City. He was a full back who won the 1911 FA Cup with Bradford. Born in Lugar in 1882, Campbell started his football career with Partick Thistle, with whom he won a Scottish League representative honour, before moving to Rangers in 1903. He played for Rangers until 1905, making nine appearances and scoring once before he moved to England and Millwall Athletic in the Southern League. He", "id": "15446261" }, { "contents": "Matthew Dickie\n\n\nMatthew Dickie (19 August 1873 – 30 December 1959) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Rangers. Dickie made his Rangers debut against St Mirren in a 5-1 home win at Ibrox on 15 August 1896. He played 126 league matches from a possible 132 in an amazing spell during his time at the club. He went on to make 175 first class appearances in total. Dickie won four League championships, 3 Scottish Cups, 5 Glasgow Cups and represented Scotland three times.", "id": "4766083" }, { "contents": "Michael O'Halloran (footballer)\n\n\nwin over Forfar Athletic. He scored again in Saints' final home game of the season, to conclude a 3–3 draw with former club Celtic. O'Halloran won the Scottish Premiership player of the month award for November 2015. St Johnstone rejected two bids from Rangers for O'Halloran in January 2016. Manager Tommy Wright then left O'Halloran out of their following league game, saying that O'Halloran was not \"mentally ready\" to play. O'Halloran made his final appearance for the club in a 2–1 defeat to Hibernian in the Scottish League Cup semi", "id": "9744181" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Millar (footballer, born 1870)\n\n\ntwo different spells: 1890–96 (winning three Football League championships in four seasons) and 1900–04 (claiming a fourth title), separated by a stint in his homeland at Rangers where he won two Scottish Football League titles and two Scottish Cups. Overall he made 260 appearances for Sunderland, scoring 123 goals. At the time of his death he was the trainer for Chelsea. Millar was capped for Scotland three times between 1897 and 1898 during his time with Rangers, scoring twice, both in matches against England; his first was", "id": "14464136" }, { "contents": "Joe Hendry\n\n\nJoe Hendry was a Scottish football player. Hendry played for Rangers, Greenock Morton and St Johnstone amongst other clubs during his career. Hendry began playing football with Maryhill FC. He joined Greenock Morton in 1907 and stayed there for two years before signing for Rangers. Hendry made his debut in a 1–0 win at home on 23 April 1910 against Clyde and during his eight-year spell with the club Hendry made 147 appearances and scored 7 goals. After leaving Rangers he had spells with Dumbarton, Third Lanark, St Johnstone and", "id": "17804993" }, { "contents": "Gordon Rae\n\n\nGordon Rae (born 3 May 1958) is a retired Scottish footballer, who played mainly as a defender for Hibernian, Partick Thistle, Hamilton Academical and Meadowbank Thistle. He also played sometimes as a centre forward, scoring over 50 goals in the Scottish Football League in his career. Rae signed for Hibernian as a 17-year-old from Whitehill Welfare in 1975. He made his first team debut two years later, and scored in a 2–0 win against Rangers at Ibrox in his second appearance. He became club captain, appeared", "id": "6510043" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Johnstone\n\n\narrival at Celtic, Stein had doubts about Johnstone, considering him too much of an individual player, to the overall detriment of the team, and he left him out of the team for the 1965 Scottish Cup Final. Johnstone soon won Stein round with his skill, and won his first winner's medal on 23 October 1965 when he played in Celtic's 2–1 win over Rangers in the Scottish League Cup Final. His 32 league appearances and nine goals that season helped Celtic win their first league title in 12 years. Johnstone", "id": "811424" }, { "contents": "Eddie Rutherford\n\n\nEdward 'Eddie' Rutherford (8 February 1921 – 29 August 2007) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers, Hearts and Scotland. Born in Govan, Scotland, Rutherford joined Rangers from Mossvale in 1941 but during the Second World War he was posted to England so he guested for Lincoln City and Bradford City. He played three games for Bradford in 1944–45 in the Football League War Cup North section. After he had completed his service, Rutherford returned to Rangers and made his first appearance for the club on 19 October", "id": "14506034" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\n1954 Cox played his last match for Scotland, as he captained the team at Hampden in a 4–2 defeat by England in front on 134,544 spectators. 1954–55 was Cox's last season at Rangers as he made only 15 first-team appearances. He made his final Rangers appearance in a 2–1 defeat to Aberdeen on 19 February 1955. Cox made a total of 370 appearances for Rangers, won 25 caps for Scotland and 13 caps for the Scottish League XI. After his Rangers career, Cox had a spell with East Fife before", "id": "14907543" }, { "contents": "Gary Warren (footballer)\n\n\ngame of the season, Warren made his debut in a 2–2 draw against St Mirren. Two-months later on 22 December 2012, he scored his first goal for Inverness in a 4–1 win over Dundee. In the quarter-final of the Scottish League Cup, he scored his second goal for Inverness in a 3–0 win over Rangers, helping the club to reach the semi-final. In the first part of the season, Warren and his teammates struggled as the club found themselves near the foot of the table,", "id": "16107731" }, { "contents": "Ronnie McKinnon\n\n\nRonald McKinnon (born 20 August 1940 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who played for Rangers and the Scotland national team. MacKinnon, a defender, made his Rangers debut against Hearts on 8 March 1961 in a 3–0 win at Ibrox. He went on to make 473 appearances for Rangers between 1961 and 1972, winning two League championships, four Scottish Cups, three League Cups and a Cup Winners' Cup. He also won a total of 28 caps for Scotland, making his debut in the famous 1", "id": "19851592" }, { "contents": "James Marshall (footballer, born 1908)\n\n\nDr James Marshall (3 January 1908 — 27 December 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for both Rangers and Arsenal as well as the Scotland national side. He played as an inside forward. Marshall was born in Avonbridge, Stirlingshire and joined Rangers from Shettleston in 1925. During his nine-year spell at Ibrox he amassed five League championships and three Scottish Cups. He also won three Scotland caps, all of them against England between 1932 and 1934. In total he scored 138 goals in 257 league appearances for Rangers", "id": "4895243" }, { "contents": "Thomas Murray (footballer)\n\n\nThomas Murray (7 April 1889 – 1976) was an English professional footballer who played as a inside right. Born in Middlesbrough, Murray spent his early career with Middlesbrough, Aberdeen, Rangers and Heart of Midlothian. At Hearts he scored 12 goals in 28 league games between August 1911 and April 1912. He joined Bradford City in June 1912. He made 6 league appearances for Bradford City, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in February 1914 to join Hull City. For Hull he made a further 2 league appearances", "id": "5167081" }, { "contents": "Ernie Thompson (footballer, born 1909)\n\n\n, scoring once in a 2–2 draw; his only other appearance came a week later in a 1–0 home win over Crewe Alexandra. At the end of the season, Thompson joined Second Division Bristol City, but never made a first-team appearance, instead spending his single season with the club playing in the reserves in both the Western Section of the Southern Football League and the Western Football League First Division. He left before the end of the 1929–30 season in February 1930 to join Bath City, playing for them in the", "id": "16156938" }, { "contents": "Alan Morton\n\n\n\"\" (insurance salesman). Morton had already been capped while an amateur before joining Rangers (making his debut for Scotland on 26 February 1920 against Wales) but would go on to play in every international against the \"Auld Enemy\", England, from 1920 to 1932 bar the fixture at Old Trafford in 1926, eventually winning 31 caps. In addition he made 15 appearances (scoring 1 goal) for the Scottish League XI (making his debut on 22 February 1919 against the Football League at St. Andrews, Birmingham", "id": "6451273" }, { "contents": "Dan Thomson\n\n\nDaniel Thomson (born 10 August 1891 in Dundee) was a Scottish professional footballer. Thomson began his career with Aberdeen before moving on to St Johnstone from where he joined Bristol City in the 1925-26 season. He spent the following season with Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic before joining Torquay United in 1927. He played in United's first match in the Football League, a 1-1 draw with local rivals Exeter City at Plainmoor on 27 August 1927. He played in the next eight games for Torquay before losing his place", "id": "2040384" }, { "contents": "Jack Smith (footballer, born 1895)\n\n\nwinning the Scottish Cup in 1920, including scoring the third goal for Kilmarnock in the final when they defeated his former team, Albion Rovers, 3–2. Following a disagreement with Kilmarnock, Smith joined Cowdenbeath, where during 1921–22, he netted 45 goals as they finished runners-up in Division Two. At the season's end he joined Rangers for £3,000, making his debut at Ibrox Park on 15 August 1922, scoring in a 2–0 victory over Alloa Athletic. He only made two further appearances for Rangers, scoring once", "id": "17284045" }, { "contents": "Peter Thomson (footballer)\n\n\nIn two seasons at Kenilworth Road he made 11 League appearances, scoring 3 goals. Scoring twice against Stoke City in a memorable 3-1 away win. He also played two League games whilst on loan at Rushden & Diamonds, scoring once on his debut. He had a brief spell with Morecambe, scoring against Dagenham & Redbridge on his home debut with an overhead kick. Thomson joined Southport in July 2002. He returned to Lancaster City in December 2003 and enjoyed further success with Stafford Rangers in the summer of 2005.", "id": "8805355" }, { "contents": "John McPherson (footballer, born 1868)\n\n\nMcPherson also won three Scottish Cup medals with Rangers, the first in 1894, where he scored in five of Rangers' six matches, including the 3–1 final win over Celtic at Hampden. McPherson also scored in the 1897 final, where Rangers defeated Dumbarton 5–1. His third Scottish Cup winners medal came a year later, 1898, where Rangers defeated McPherson's former club Kilmarnock 2–0. His final recorded appearance for Rangers was in a 2–0 friendly defeat to Glentoran on 2 April 1902. McPherson was also a Scottish International, winning", "id": "8242049" }, { "contents": "James Cairns (forward)\n\n\nJames Cairns (\"unknown\" – \"unknown\") was a footballer who played at inside right for several English clubs, including Lincoln City and Newton Heath in the late 1890s. Cairns began his football career with Stevenston Thistle in 1895, before moving to Glossop North End. In September 1897, he joined Football League side Lincoln City, but before he made an appearance for the club, he had moved on to Newton Heath in April 1898. It took Cairns six months to make his debut for the Heathens, eventually", "id": "22214514" }, { "contents": "Andy Neil\n\n\nAndrew Neil (18 November 1892 – 14 August 1941) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 328 Football League appearances playing as an inside forward or wing half for Brighton & Hove Albion (two spells), Arsenal and Queens Park Rangers. Neil was born in Crosshouse, near Kilmarnock in Ayrshire. He joined Kilmarnock of Division One from junior club Ardeer Thistle, and made his debut on 12 April 1913 away to Motherwell. He played regularly in his second season, and in 1914–15, his 20 goals placed him sixth in", "id": "2233011" }, { "contents": "Ernest Myers (footballer)\n\n\nErnest Myers, also known as Colin Myers, was an English professional footballer who played as an inside left. Born in Chapeltown, Sheffield, Myers spent his early career with Northfleet, Crystal Palace and Hickleton Main Colliery. He joined Bradford City in April 1914, and made 1 league appearance for the club, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in May 1920 to join Southend United, where he scored 2 goals in 23 league games. He later played for Aberdare Athletic, Northampton Town, Queens Park Rangers, Exeter", "id": "5167086" }, { "contents": "Billy Bennett (footballer, born 1955)\n\n\nthen over a year before Bennett made another senior appearance, when he again scored in a 3–0 Hearts win over Berwick Rangers in the final of the East of Scotland Shield. He made his league debut for Hearts on 16 November 1974 in the 1–3 defeat away at Arbroath. Bennett left Hearts in the summer of 1976 to sign for Third Division outfit Berwick Rangers. In two seasons with The Borderers, he played 69 league matches and scored 8 goals. At the start of the 1978–79 season, Bennett joined Forfar Athletic. He", "id": "17097673" }, { "contents": "Jerome Thomas\n\n\nhe scored a goal in the final over Blackburn Rovers. He was loaned out to Second Division side Queens Park Rangers in the 2001–02 and 2002–03 seasons. He made his debut in the Football League on 30 March 2002, in a 3–2 win over Tranmere Rovers at Prenton Park. He scored his first professional goal on 6 April, the only goal of the game against Swindon Town at the County Ground in a 1–0 win for QPR. During his second loan spell in October 2002, he scored long distance goals away at Cheltenham", "id": "9097657" }, { "contents": "Willie Reid (footballer)\n\n\nEngland with Portsmouth. Reid returned to Scotland in April 1909 when signed by Rangers, where he won three league titles in eleven seasons. He was the club's top scorer for six consecutive seasons, between 1910 and 1916. He received all his caps for Scottish national side while with Rangers. Reid made his Scotland debut in a 2–2 draw with Wales in 1911 and earned his last cap three years later, against England. Reid also represented the Scottish League XI. His football career was interrupted by the First World War,", "id": "15187335" }, { "contents": "Stephen McGinn\n\n\nRangers, where St Mirren won 1–0, the team's first home league win over Rangers in 22 years. McGinn started the 2009–10 season on bench in the Scottish League Cup game but then went on to score on his first start of the season in a 2–1 loss to Hibernian on 15 August 2009. He continued his season with a brace against Kilmarnock at Rugby Park, where The Buddies came from behind to win 2–1. McGinn signed for Watford in January 2010, for an undisclosed fee. He made his first Watford appearance", "id": "14258787" }, { "contents": "Anthony Ralston\n\n\nAnthony Ralston (born 16 November 1998) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Celtic. He also spent several months on loan at Queens Park in 2015 and at Dundee United in 2018. Ralston made his debut for the Celtic first team on 11 May 2016, in a 2–1 defeat against St Johnstone. He scored his first goal for Celtic in a 5–0 Scottish League Cup win over Kilmarnock on 8 August 2017. He made some further appearances early in the 2017–18 season, including a Champions League match against Paris Saint-", "id": "17673352" }, { "contents": "Sam Gallacher\n\n\nSamuel Gallacher (born 23 December 1904) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a centre half. Born in Annbank, Gallacher played for Larkfield Juniors and Cadzow St. Anne's in his native Scotland, before moving to England to join Bradford City in May 1924. For Bradford City he made 40 appearances in the Football League, scoring 2 goals. He left the club in August 1927 to join Crystal Palace. He later played for Lincoln City, making 13 appearances in the Football League as well as one FA Cup appearance", "id": "4883696" }, { "contents": "Julien Rodriguez\n\n\nJulien Rodriguez (born 11 June 1978 in Béziers, France) is a French former professional footballer who played as a defender. Rodriguez started his career at AS Monaco, making 135 appearances for the club and helping them to reach the 2004 Champions League final. He joined Scottish Premier League club Rangers in August 2005 for £1m. He scored his first goal for Rangers on 11 March 2006 in Rangers' 4–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Ibrox Stadium and made a total of 30 appearances in his debut season with the club.", "id": "11830556" }, { "contents": "Mark Williams (Scottish footballer)\n\n\n-year contract by his former St Mirren manager Danny Lennon. Nine days later he made his debut, playing the full 90 minutes as they won 1–0 at Highland League team Brora Rangers in the first round of the Scottish Challenge Cup. On 8 August he played his first league game, a 3–1 loss away to Queen of the South. In February 2016, he moved on loan to Arbroath in Scottish League Two; on 12 March he scored his first career goal to conclude a 3–0 win over East Stirlingshire at Gayfield Park", "id": "15479008" }, { "contents": "Jack Blackman (English footballer)\n\n\nJohn James Blackman (25 November 1912 – 1987) was an English retired professional footballer who played in the Football League for Crystal Palace and Queens Park Rangers as a forward. He also played non-league football for Guildford City. Blackman began his career at Queens Park Rangers and in October 1935, signed for Crystal Palace, then playing in the Football League Third Division South. He made a goal-scoring debut in November in a home 5–0 win against Millwall and went on to make 27 appearances that season scoring 19 times", "id": "13124108" }, { "contents": "Paul Bennett (footballer, born 1961)\n\n\nPaul Bennett (born 30 January 1961) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Port Vale. Bennett was an Everton youth team player before joining Port Vale in September 1978. He made his debut as a substitute in a 1–1 draw with Peterborough United at London Road on 1 November 1980, and three weeks later he scored his first goal in a 4–2 win over Bradford City. He went on to play 26 Fourth Division games in the 1980–81 season, and scored his first goal in the Football League", "id": "4265172" }, { "contents": "Nicol Smith\n\n\nNicol Smith (25 December 1873 – 6 January 1905) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers. Born in Darvel, Ayrshire, Smith played as a fullback for local sides Vale of Irvine, Royal Albert and Darvel, earning junior international selection, before joining Rangers in 1893. He made only two league appearances in his first season at the club, but by 1893–94, he had established himself in the Rangers team, missing just one of the 18 league fixtures. During that season he was also responsible for bringing Alex", "id": "20560230" }, { "contents": "Bill Paterson (footballer, born 1930)\n\n\nthe proceeds adding to the transfer deal. He had a relatively unsuccessful three years on Tyneside and so returned to Scotland to join Rangers for £3,500. His debut came on 13 August 1958 in a 2-1 home league win against Partick Thistle. That was the first of three appearances that he would make that entire season. Overall Paterson did go on to make 116 top team appearances for the club and won two Scottish league championships. He also claimed a Scottish Cup, a Scottish League Cup, a Charity Cup winners", "id": "14236809" }, { "contents": "David McClure (footballer)\n\n\nDavid McClure was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a right-back who had spells in Scotland, Ireland and England. He was born in Slamannan, Stirlingshire, but began his footballing career in Ireland with Glenavon. McClure then returned to Scotland to play Junior league football with Dunipace, before joining Scottish Football League club St Johnstone in 1924. In June 1927, he was signed by Football League Third Division North club Nelson and made his debut for the club on 24 September 1927 in the 2–1 win against Durham City.", "id": "19923020" }, { "contents": "Arthur Adey\n\n\nArthur Lewis Adey (1 March 1930 - January 1994) was a Scottish professional association football player of the 1950s. Born in Glasgow, he was a centre forward and began his professional career with Doncaster Rovers and later played for Gillingham and Bradford Park Avenue. He made 68 appearances in The Football League and scored 15 goals. He signed for Doncaster Rovers in September 1950, following his move from Bishop Auckland and made his professional debut in Division Two on 14 April 1951 against Queens Park Rangers. In 1954, after three more", "id": "17203075" }, { "contents": "Billy Hogg\n\n\nWilliam Hogg (29 May 1879 – 30 January 1937) was an English footballer who played at outside right, winning the Football League championship with Sunderland in 1901–02, before moving to Scotland where he won the Scottish League title three times with Rangers. He also made three appearances for England in 1902. Hogg was born in Sunderland and was playing local football with Willington Athletic when he was spotted by Sunderland where he became a professional in October 1899. He made his debut on 2 December 1899, scoring in a 5–0 victory over", "id": "13514822" }, { "contents": "John Ballantyne (footballer)\n\n\nJohn Ballantyne (30 June 1892 – after 1917) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 20 appearances in the Football League playing for Birmingham and played for Scottish Football League clubs Kilmarnock, Vale of Leven and Rangers. He played as an outside right. Ballantyne was born in Riccarton, Ayrshire. He played for Kilmarnock and Vale of Leven before coming to England to join Football League Second Division club Birmingham in April 1913. He made his debut on 26 April 1913, the last day of the 1912–13 season, in a 2–1", "id": "2299260" }, { "contents": "Liam Burt\n\n\nLiam Burt (born 1 February 1999) is a Scottish footballer who last played for Rangers, as a midfielder. He made his first team debut for Rangers in March 2016, and has also played on loan for Dumbarton and Alloa Athletic. Burt has represented Scotland at various youth levels up to under-21 level. Burt played youth football for Celtic before being released and subsequently joining the Rangers Academy. He made his professional debut for the club aged seventeen during a Scottish Championship match against Raith Rovers on 1 March 2016. A few", "id": "3837470" }, { "contents": "James Hamilton (footballer, born 1901)\n\n\nJames Hamilton (16 June 1901 – 1975) was a Scottish footballer who played for Vale of Clyde, St Mirren, Rangers, Blackpool, Barrow, Armadale and Scotland. He was a full-back. Bargeddie-born Hamilton made his debut for Harry Evans' Blackpool at home to Bristol City on 15 September 1928, six games into their 1928–29 Football League campaign. He made a further 24 League appearances that season as \"the Tangerines\" finished eighth in Division Two. He started the first three League games of the", "id": "1708146" }, { "contents": "John Campbell (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\nJohn William Campbell (2 October 1877 – 20 January 1919) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Linthouse, Partick Thistle, Blackburn Rovers, Rangers, West Ham United, Hibernian and the Scotland national team. He was born in Glasgow and gained the most success in his career with Rangers with whom he won four successive league titles (1898–99, 1899–00, 1900–01 and 1901–02) the first of which Rangers won all 18 of their Scottish league matches. He also represented Scotland at international level, winning four caps and scoring", "id": "13889025" }, { "contents": "Matt Hill (footballer)\n\n\nMatthew Clayton Hill (born 26 March 1981) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for Bradford Park Avenue. Born in Bristol, Hill started his career with Bristol City where he made over 200 appearances. He subsequently joined Preston North End where he also spent a successful spell, playing over 100 times for the Lancashire club. A move to Wolverhampton Wanderers followed but first team opportunities were more limited and he was loaned to Queens Park Rangers before leaving to join Barnsley. After only one season at the South Yorkshire club", "id": "15275700" }, { "contents": "Dennis O'Donnell\n\n\nDennis O'Donnell (q1 1880 – after 1908) was an English professional footballer who scored 41 goals from 167 appearances in the Football League playing as a forward for Lincoln City, Sunderland, Notts County and Bradford Park Avenue. He also played in the Southern League for Queens Park Rangers. O'Donnell was born in Willington Quay, then in Northumberland. He made his debut for Lincoln City on 5 October 1901 in a 2–1 win at home to Middlesbrough in the Football League Second Division, and played for the club until the end of", "id": "1332551" }, { "contents": "William McLachlan (footballer)\n\n\nWilliam McLachlan (born 19 March 1989) is a Scottish footballer currently playing for Irvine Meadow in the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region. He has previously played in the Scottish Football League First Division for Airdrie United and for Australian club Melbourne Knights in the Victorian Premier League. McLachlan began his career with Rangers and appeared for the Scotland U-16 team in a Victory Shield match against Northern Ireland in October 2004. In December 2008, he joined Airdrie United on loan. He made his debut against St Johnstone on 20 December.", "id": "18351658" }, { "contents": "Bruno Andrade (footballer, born 1993)\n\n\njoined Lincoln City for the 2018-19 League Two season for a free transfer on the 24th May 2018. Born in Portugal, Andrade joined the Queens Park Rangers academy at the age of 13. He made his debut for Queens Park Rangers against Preston North End on 20 November 2010. He then made his second appearance for the club against Blackburn Rovers in the FA Cup. He replaced Jamie Mackie who had broken his leg. He made a further two first-team appearances at the beginning of the 2011–12 season, including", "id": "14654306" }, { "contents": "John Walker (footballer, born 1873)\n\n\nscored the winning goal against West Bromwich Albion on the final day of the season to secure the title. Walker played another 18 times for Liverpool in 1901–02 before returning to Scotland to join Rangers, who had just won a fourth successive domestic title but were also facing financial troubles due to the reconstruction work required on their stadium after the recent 1902 Ibrox disaster. He scored at a rate of nearly a goal every two league games over his three seasons with the Glasgow club, and appeared in two further Scottish Cup finals. In", "id": "15474189" }, { "contents": "Charles Dennington\n\n\nCharles Dennington (born 7 October 1899, died 1943) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Beccles, Dennington played for Norwich City, Bradford City and Kirkley. He joined Norwich from his home town club, Beccles Town, and made his debut in a 1-1 draw against Queens Park Rangers in the Third Division (South) in August 1922, establishing himself as the Canaries' first choice ahead of William O'Hagen and Ernest Williamson. He missed just twenty League games over the next five", "id": "8086327" }, { "contents": "Davy McDougall\n\n\nside of 1899–00. He was also with Rangers without apparently making a first team appearance. In summer 1900 he joined Southern League Bristol City from Partick Thistle making his debut at outside left in a 0–2 defeat at Luton Town on 15 September 1900. He made 11 appearances scoring 2 goals playing on both right and left wings in season 1900–01 when Bristol City were runners up in the Southern League. He also played on both wings in 12 Western League games scoring 2 goals. He rejoined Rangers in the summer of 1901 making 4", "id": "20661422" }, { "contents": "Gordon Smith (footballer, born December 1954)\n\n\n. He was sold to Rangers in 1977 for £65,000. In his first season with Rangers, Smith won the domestic treble, scoring 27 goals from midfield. He also scored the winning goal in the 1978 Scottish League Cup Final, against Celtic. He was sold to Brighton & Hove Albion in 1980 for a record transfer fee of £440,000. He returned to Rangers on loan in December 1982, playing in the 1982 League Cup Final defeat by Celtic. Smith made three appearances during his loan spell, without scoring.", "id": "8508165" }, { "contents": "George Stewart (footballer, born 1932)\n\n\nGeorge Stewart (16 November 1932 – 22 May 1998) was a Scottish footballer, who played as a goalkeeper for Petershill Juniors, Raith Rovers, Stirling Albion, Montrose and Bradford City. Born in Larkhall in 1932, Stewart started his career with junior side Petershill. He was capped by the Scotland junior select team while with the club. He joined the senior game when he signed for Raith Rovers in 1952. He made 68 appearances in the Scottish Football League for three clubs in seven seasons, before moving to England to", "id": "22044872" }, { "contents": "Tommy Anderson (footballer)\n\n\nfor a fee of £1,000, but in November the same year he moved to Queen's Park Rangers. He had only played five league games for Bournemouth, scoring once. He went on to score 3 times in 10 league games for Rangers in the 1958–59 season. He moved again in July 1959, signing for Torquay United. He made his debut on 22 August 1959, the first day of the 1959–60 season, in a 2–1 home win against Doncaster Rovers. In his season with Torquay he played in nine league", "id": "2845776" }, { "contents": "Richard Edghill\n\n\nof Sun Jihai served to further limit Richard's opportunities at the club and he was released at the end of the 2001–02 promotion winning campaign, having made a total of 207 appearances for the club in nine years. Following his release Edghill had short unsuccessful spells with Wigan Athletic and Sheffield United before joining Queens Park Rangers in August 2003. In the 2005 close season Edghill joined Bradford City on a free transfer. At Bradford he scored twice; against Tranmere Rovers in the league and Barnsley in the FA Cup. He was one", "id": "9473165" }, { "contents": "John Blackwood (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\n, who then sold him to Football League Second Division club Woolwich Arsenal. After joining Woolwich Arsenal in May 1900, Blackwood scored on his debut, in a 2–1 win over Gainsborough Trinity on the opening day of the 1900–01 season. This was to be his only season with the club; he scored six goals in 17 league appearances. He also scored during his one appearance in the FA Cup, against Darwen on 5 January 1901. He left for Reading in May 1901. In November 1902, Blackwood joined Queens Park Rangers", "id": "4952881" }, { "contents": "David Amoo\n\n\nRobinson's first-team however, and made just two further substitute appeareances at Stadium MK before returning to Anfield on 23 February. On 28 February, he joined Championship side Hull City on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. He made his \"Tigers\" debut coming on as a replacement for Jay Simpson in a 1–0 win at Nottingham Forest on 5 March. He scored his first goal in senior football in a 1–1 draw at Queens Park Rangers on 25 April. Unable to break into Nigel Pearson's first-", "id": "5142268" }, { "contents": "Chris Brandon\n\n\nin Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, on 7 April 1976. He attended Yorkshire Martyrs Collegiate School in Bradford and supported the city's Football League team Bradford City. Brandon started his football career as a trainee for Bradford City, but he was dropped by their academy and joined non-league side Bradford Park Avenue. He later played for Farsley Celtic before joining Stafford Rangers. He played 32 times for Rangers over two seasons before returning to play for Bradford Park Avenue. In his two spells with Park Avenue, Brandon played", "id": "14931377" }, { "contents": "Sam Charnley\n\n\nSamuel \"Sam\" Charnley (18 November 1902 – 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for Wolverhampton Wanderers in the Football League. Born in Craigneuk, a suburb of Wishaw, North Lanarkshire, Charnley played for Burnbank Athletic before joining Wolverhampton Wanderers of the Football League Second Division in January 1925. He made his debut on 12 September 1925 in a 4–1 win against Portsmouth. After making 55 appearances in total, scoring once, he joined Midland League team York City in August 1928. He captained York in the 1928–29 season", "id": "10736957" }, { "contents": "Sébastien Faure (footballer)\n\n\n. Faure joined Rangers on a three-year deal pending international clearance on 21 August 2012. After the move, Faure says he joined Rangers because Manager Ally McCoist persuaded him to join. He made his debut against First Division side Falkirk in the Scottish League Cup on 30 August 2012. It was on 23 February 2013, when Faure scored his first ever senior goal. This came whilst playing Third Division Berwick Rangers and it contributed to a 3–1 win away from home. Faure had his first run out of the season in", "id": "5596733" }, { "contents": "Dave MacFarlane\n\n\nDave MacFarlane (16 January 1967 – 30 October 2013) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Kilmarnock. MacFarlane began his career with Ayr United Boys Club before joining Rangers. Whilst at Ibrox he made seven league appearances and picked up a winner's medal in October 1986 when he came on as a second-half substitute in Rangers 2-1 win over Celtic in the Scottish League Cup Final. MacFarlane also had loan spells with Kilmarnock and Dundee, before joining the former on a permanent", "id": "7049582" }, { "contents": "Rocco Quinn\n\n\nAugust 2009. His league debut was the 1–1 home draw a week later against Raith Rovers. He scored league goals that season in games against Ayr United, Partick Thistle and a double against Greenock Morton. The Palmerston Park side ended the season in fifth place. He also played on 23 September 2009 in the 2–1 home League Cup defeat against Rangers. In total Quinn made 35 competitive first team appearances in his first season. The QoS website confirmed on 18 June 2011 that Quinn had left and signed for Ross County. In", "id": "16760979" }, { "contents": "Tommy Kelso\n\n\nTommy Kelso (6 May 1882-29 January 1974) was a Scottish footballer who played as a full back for Manchester City between 1906 and 1911. Kelso started his career at Third Lanark before signing for Manchester City in 1906. He made his debut for Manchester City in September 1906 in a 4-1 defeat against Arsenal. He made 139 league appearances for Manchester City and scored 3 goals. He subsequently returned to Scotland and played for Dundee, Rangers and Dumbarton. He won one Scotland cap in 1914 in a 0", "id": "5742448" }, { "contents": "Luke Freeman\n\n\nLeague Trophy and League One titles during his first season with the team. He spent two-and-a-half years at Bristol City before joining Queens Park Rangers in January 2017. Freeman began his career at Charlton Athletic, joining the club's academy in 2001 after being scouted playing Sunday league youth football. He spent two years at Charlton before being released \"for being too small\". Following his release from Charlton, Freeman joined Gillingham at the age of 11. He made his first-team debut for Gillingham", "id": "8315727" }, { "contents": "David Provan (footballer, born 1941)\n\n\nDavid Provan (11 March 1941 – 26 November 2016) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for Rangers, Crystal Palace, Plymouth Argyle and St Mirren. Provan also played for Scotland and the Scottish League XI. Provan was a product of the Rangers youth team and played as a full back. He made his debut on 27 December 1958, in a league match away to Third Lanark which Rangers won 3-2. He helped the club win a domestic treble in 1963–4 and played in the 1967 European Cup Winners", "id": "926204" }, { "contents": "Neil Danns\n\n\ndeal. He had rejected an offer from Scottish Premier League club Rangers. Danns made his Leicester City debut, where he started the whole game, in a 1–0 win over Coventry City in the opening game of the season. He scored his first goal for Leicester City on 23 August 2011 in a 4–2 away win against Bury in the League Cup. Danns soon became a first team regular for the side at the start of the season, finding himself rotated. He scored his first league goal for the club against Blackpool in", "id": "141524" }, { "contents": "Billy Blunt\n\n\nWilliam Blunt (5 August 1886 – 1962) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Wolverhampton Wanderers and Bristol Rovers. Blunt joined Second Division Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1908 from nearby non-league side Stafford Rangers. He made his Football League debut on 28 November 1908 in a 1–2 defeat at Oldham Athletic. He scored two in his second appearance (against Clapton Orient) and ended the season with 8 goals. The 1909–10 campaign saw him score 27 goals, making him the club's top goalscorer for the season", "id": "5433307" }, { "contents": "Gordon Ashcroft\n\n\nGordon Aschroft (7 September 1902 – after 1930) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Lea, Lancashire, he played for Coppull Central before joining Football League First Division side Burnley in November 1925. He made his debut for the club on 7 December 1925 in the 3–1 win against Birmingham at Turf Moor. Ashcroft failed to make another first-team appearance for Burnley and was released at the end of the 1926–27 season. In August 1927 he signed for Burscough Rangers, and then played for", "id": "5652868" }, { "contents": "Raul Correia\n\n\ngoal for Guiseley on 16 September in a 1–1 draw away to Wrexham after guiding Will Hatfield's deflected shot from distance past goalkeeper Luke Coddington. Correia made his final appearance in a 4–0 defeat away to Tranmere Rovers on 30 December, and returned to his parent club two days later. On 11 January 2018, Correia joined National League North club York City on loan for the remainder of the season. Two days later, he made his debut by starting in a 2–1 home win against Bradford Park Avenue. He scored his first", "id": "12088537" }, { "contents": "Bobby Main\n\n\nRobert Frame Main (10 February 1909 – 30 March 1985) was a Scottish professional football player, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Main began his career at local team Baillieston Juniors and joined Rangers in 1929, initially as understudy to Sandy Archibald. He was in and out of the side for four years before becoming a regular in 1933. During his spell at the club he won two Scottish league championships, two Scottish Cups, three Glasgow Cups and two Charity Cups. He made 158 appearances for Rangers", "id": "12825737" }, { "contents": "Ian McColl\n\n\nfinal appearance for Rangers was in the 1960 Scottish Cup Final, a 2–0 win against Kilmarnock. He made a total of 526 appearances for the Glasgow club. He also won 14 caps for Scotland and represented the Scottish League XI. After his playing career, he quickly went into management. He was appointed manager of Scotland in 1960 and enjoyed a winning start, beating Northern Ireland 5–2 at Hampden Park. Under McColl's managership, Scotland won British Home Championships in 1962 and 1963. The team beat England 2–0 at Hampden and", "id": "14525157" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Sharp\n\n\nyear later, in 1905 he was snapped up by Woolwich Arsenal of the First Division and promptly became a regular in the side after making his debut against Liverpool on 2 September 1905. He missed only three league games in his first season and reached the FA Cup semi-finals twice in his first two seasons. At Arsenal Sharp also won another three Scotland caps, before Rangers prised him away in April 1908 for £400. In total he played 116 games for Arsenal, scoring 5 goals. His spell at Rangers only", "id": "17959164" }, { "contents": "Craig Beattie\n\n\nplayed a competitive game in two months he missed the game against Dundee United on 25 February as was not match fit. After scoring twice in a bounce game, he made his debut as a substitute on 3 March against Rangers in a 2–1 win at Ibrox. He scored his first goal for Hearts in a 2–2 draw with St Mirren in the Scottish Cup 6th round at Tynecaste on 10 March. He had a second goal in the same match wrongfully ruled out for offside. In just his second league appearance for the club", "id": "12813032" }, { "contents": "Vladimír Weiss (footballer, born 1989)\n\n\nsubstitute. On 19 August 2010, Weiss joined Scottish side Rangers on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. Prior to signing for Rangers, Weiss rejected a move to their city rivals Celtic. He made his Rangers debut against Hibernian at Easter Road on 22 August coming on as a substitute for James Beattie, setting up the second goal with Rangers going on to win 3–0. He scored his first goal for Rangers in a 4–1 home win against Motherwell and five days later made his Champions League debut against Valencia, providing", "id": "535578" }, { "contents": "Ralph Brand\n\n\nplayed his last match for Rangers on 23 April 1965 when he scored the only goal in a 1–0 win over Third Lanark in the final League game of the season. Brand was sold to Manchester City in August that year for £30,000. Two years later he moved to Sunderland before returning to Scottish football at Raith Rovers (managed by his friend Jimmy Millar). He retired in 1970, although he would come out of retirement to play a handful of matches for Hamilton Academical in 1971–72. Brand played for Scotland eight times", "id": "16219219" } ]

[ { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nTommy Cairns (30 October 1890 – 30 November 1967) was a Scottish footballer who played for Bristol City, Peebles Rovers, St Johnstone, Rangers, Bradford City and Scotland. Born in Merryton, Lanarkshire, Cairns made his name in Junior football, helping Burnbank Athletic to the Scottish Junior Cup in 1911. He also appeared for Larkhall Thistle before earning an opportunity in the senior leagues. His first professional club was Bristol City where he played for two seasons from 1911. He joined Peebles Rovers in 1913 and had a short", "id": "21330844" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nan ever-present and scored 11 goals. Cairns enjoyed further League title successes in 1919–20, 1920–21, 1922–23, 1923–24, 1924–25 and 1926–27 before joining Bradford City in 1927. His final Rangers appearance was in a 2–1 win over Queen's Park on 1 March 1927. In his time with Bradford he made 135 appearances and won a Division Three North medal in 1929. He retired from football in 1932 and later worked as a scout for Arsenal. Cairns was also capped at international level, making eight Scotland appearances. He", "id": "21330846" }, { "contents": "Tommy Cairns\n\n\nspell with St Johnstone before joining Rangers in November 1913. He made his debut against Hamilton Academical on 27 December 1913 and played a total of nine games in his first season as Rangers finished second to rivals Celtic in Division One. Cairns was a regular in the Rangers team the following season, missing just one league game. He continued to be a regular in the team for the next two seasons but it was in season 1917–18 that he won his first League title (Rangers' first for five years). Cairns was", "id": "21330845" }, { "contents": "Kevin Cairns (footballer)\n\n\nin September 1960, making his debut that month in a Scottish Football League match against St Johnstone. After being a first team regular in his first season, Cairns made only one appearance in 1961–62 and was given a free transfer by Dundee United in May 1962. He signed for Southport in August 1962, going on to make 206 appearances in the Football League over the next six years. He then played non-league football for Wigan Athletic, where he played four games in the Cheshire League, and made a further five", "id": "20271756" }, { "contents": "Sandy Archibald\n\n\nRangers won the League title for the first time in 5 seasons. Archibald went on to win thirteen league titles in his seventeen seasons with the Glasgow club. He also won three Scottish Cup medals, the first of which was Rangers' first in 25 years and Archibald scored twice in the final as Rangers defeated Celtic 4–0 at Hampden. His final appearance for Rangers was in a 1–1 draw away to Queen's Park on 30 April 1934. He made 580 appearances for Rangers. Archibald won a total of 8 caps for Scotland", "id": "9747370" }, { "contents": "Arthur Dixon (footballer, born 1892)\n\n\nfirst goal for the club on 8 March 1919 in a 3–0 league win against Hamilton Academical. He enjoyed a benefit match at Ibrox Park on 10 September 1923. A crowd of 10,000 watched Rangers draw 1–1 with Liverpool. The Rangers side was: Hamilton (goalkeeper), Manderson, Meiklejohn, Dixon, McCandless, Archibald, Muirhead, Morton, Hansen, Cairns. The goalscorer for Rangers was Hansen. In total he made 361 appearances (326 league and 35 Scottish Cup) for the club. He scored eight goals (", "id": "11923821" }, { "contents": "Bert Manderson\n\n\nBert Manderson (9 May 1893 – 27 April 1946) was an Irish footballer, who played for Rangers and Ireland. Manderson, a right-back, made his Rangers debut in a 1-1 draw with Aberdeen on 27 March 1915. He had joined Rangers from Glenavon for £150. He previously had spells at Cliftonville and Belfast Celtic. He went on to make 370 league appearances (452 in total) in 12 seasons with the club, winning seven Scottish league titles. Manderson left Rangers to join Bradford Park", "id": "21502381" }, { "contents": "Archie Devine\n\n\nScotland, but he never played for the national side again. He also made one appearance for the Scottish League XI in that season, in a 3–2 win against the English Football League XI. In April 1910 he moved south of the border to Bradford City, and was part of the side that won the 1911 FA Cup Final against Newcastle United. He stayed at Bradford for nearly three years before joining Woolwich Arsenal. He made his debut for Arsenal against Chelsea on 15 February 1913, and was part of the team that", "id": "20302147" }, { "contents": "James Stewart (footballer, born 1883)\n\n\nhe played in the losing side in the final against Bradford City. He made his third, and final, England appearance against Scotland on 1 April 1911 and again scored in a 1–1 draw. All three of his international appearances thus ended 1–1. He continued to be a regular member of the Newcastle side until he was sold to Rangers in 1913 for £600. In his Newcastle career he made a total of 138 appearances with 53 goals. In May 1914 he returned to his native north-east, and non-", "id": "11906121" }, { "contents": "George Waddell\n\n\nGeorge Barr Waddell (29 November 1888 – 17 September 1966) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Scottish Football League for Rangers and in the Football League in England for Bradford City, Preston North End, Oldham Athletic, Birmingham and New Brighton. He played as a wing half. Waddell was born in Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire. He began his football career in junior football before joining Rangers in 1909. He made his debut in Division One on 26 April 1909 in a 3–2 defeat to Queen's Park. Over the", "id": "656965" }, { "contents": "Andrew Shinnie\n\n\ninternational debut for Scotland in November 2012, in a 2–1 win over Luxembourg. Shinnie made his first team debut for Rangers on 17 March 2007, coming on as a substitute for Dado Pršo in a Scottish Premier League match against Aberdeen. On the same day, he scored two goals for Rangers' under-19 team against St Mirren under-19s. In April, he scored the first goal in the 5–0 win over rivals Celtic as Rangers won the 2007 Scottish Youth Cup Final. He went on to sign a new three-year professional", "id": "14751617" }, { "contents": "Bobby McKean\n\n\nRobert Munro McKean (8 December 1952 – 15 March 1978) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for St Mirren and Rangers. He appeared in one full international match for Scotland, in 1976. McKean started his career at local club Blantyre Victoria before moving to St Mirren in 1969. After five seasons in Paisley he joined Rangers for £50,000 in September 1974. He enjoyed a successful spell in Govan and won the league twice in his first two seasons. He was also part of the 1976 Scottish Cup Final winning", "id": "303577" }, { "contents": "Andy Cunningham (footballer)\n\n\n1918–19. In total, he made 389 appearances and scored 182 goals for Rangers. He won 7 League titles and played in Rangers' famous 1928 Scottish Cup final triumph where they defeated Celtic 4–0 to win their first Scottish Cup in 25 years. Cunningham was also capped at international level, playing 12 times for Scotland and scoring 5 goals. He lost just one of his 12 games for Scotland. Cunningham also represented the Scottish League XI 10 times. Cunningham moved to Newcastle United in 1928, becoming the then oldest player to", "id": "19975016" }, { "contents": "Archie Mitchell (footballer)\n\n\nthe team win the Birmingham & District League title in the 1905–06 and 1906–07 seasons. Mitchell departed Villa in 1907. On 2 May 1907, Mitchell joined Southern League First Division club Queens Park Rangers. He had a good start to his career with the Hoops, winning the 1907–08 First Division title in his debut season. A further First Division title was won in 1911–12, with the Charity Shield being lost 2–1 to Football League First Division champions Blackburn Rovers. He remained with Queens Park Rangers through to 1921 and finally made his", "id": "9272843" }, { "contents": "James Bowie (footballer)\n\n\nJames Bowie (9 July 1888 – 7 August 1972) was a Scottish football player and football administrator, who played for and was chairman of Rangers. He began his career at Maryhill Juniors and joined Rangers in December 1910 from Queen's Park. He made his debut against Falkirk on 10 December 1910. During his time at the club he won six League championships and played in a total of 351 competitive games, scoring 70 goals. Bowie won two Scotland caps in 1920, and also played in three wartime internationals in 1919", "id": "4895542" }, { "contents": "James Vaughan (footballer, born 1988)\n\n\n. He made his second debut for the club in the 1–0 defeat by Nottingham Forest on 3 August. After scoring two goals in the League Cup win over Bradford City on 6 August, he scored his first league goal on his return in the 1–1 draw with Queens Park Rangers on 10 August. On 24 August, he scored a hat-trick in a 5–1 win against A.F.C. Bournemouth. Vaughan joined fellow Championship club Birmingham City on 26 November 2015, on loan until 2 January 2016. He made his debut as a", "id": "14499593" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Smith (footballer, born 1911)\n\n\ncontinued their dominance of Scottish football. Smith also collected his first Scottish Cup medal, scoring in a 5-0 defeat of St Mirren in the final at Hampden. Success for Smith and Rangers continued. The League title was again won in 1934–35 with Smith scoring 43 goals in 38 matches, including 6 in a 7-1 defeat of Dunfermline Athletic. He also collected his second Scottish Cup medal, scoring twice in the 2-1 against Hamilton Academical in the final. Rangers went on to win two of the next", "id": "14794886" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\na 4–2 win over Motherwell at the start of the 1946–47 season. He made a total of 13 league appearances in his first season, including a 4–1 win over Hamilton Academical in the last match, as Rangers beat Hibernian to clinch the League title. In the following season, 1947–48, Cox was an ever present as Rangers finished second to Hibs in the league, and won the Scottish Cup after a 1–0 win over Greenock Morton. Cox also netted his first Rangers goal during the season, scoring in a 2–1 win over", "id": "14907540" }, { "contents": "Andrew Little (footballer)\n\n\nas making one appearance for the \"B\" team, he won his first senior cap in March 2009, and appeared nine times in total. A former Ballinamallard United player, he moved from Northern Ireland to Scotland in 2006 to join the Rangers Academy. He scored for the \"Gers\" in the club's Scottish Youth Cup final victory over Old Firm rival's Celtic at Hampden Park in 2008. That season he also helped the club to top the SPFL Development League. He made his senior debut as a substitute for", "id": "5532587" }, { "contents": "Jim Eadie\n\n\nJames Eadie (born 4 February 1947) is a Scottish former professional footballer. During his career, he made over 200 appearances in the Football League in spells with Cardiff City, Chester and Bristol Rovers. Eadie began his career at Rangers but never made a first team appearance for the club, moving to Dumbarton where he played a handful of matches before joining Kirkintilloch Rob Roy. It wasn't until he moved south to play in The Football League that he began to play regular football. He signed for Cardiff City in 1969", "id": "15683889" }, { "contents": "Andrew McAtee\n\n\nconscripted in 1917 and served in Italy. On returning to Scotland McAtee resumed his successful football career with Celtic, participating in two further league title-winning seasons for a total of six. He also featured in a further Scottish Cup victory in 1923, twelve years after his first in 1911, and won four Glasgow Cups, scoring the winning goal against Clyde in the 1920-21 final. He made one appearance for Scotland in 1913 versus Wales but was selected more frequently for the Scottish League XI, playing in seven games", "id": "872940" }, { "contents": "Bobby Russell (footballer, born 1957)\n\n\nRobert Russell (born 11 February 1957 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Russell joined Rangers from Shettleston Juniors in 1977 and made his first team debut against Aberdeen on 13 August that year, aged only 20. The game ended in a 3–1 defeat, however Rangers went on to win the treble that season and Russell cemented his place on the right side of the midfield. He made 370 appearances for the club and won a league championship, two Scottish Cups", "id": "82295" }, { "contents": "Aaron Ramsey\n\n\nMifsud. On 26 April, he scored his first league goal in a 3–3 draw against Burnley. He went on to make his first career league start three weeks later in a 3–1 win over Queens Park Rangers and began to establish himself in the first team, making several more starts in the Cardiff side. He made a total of 22 appearances during the season, his first full season of professional football, and played in five of the club's six FA Cup matches, including the final, becoming the second youngest player", "id": "12732777" }, { "contents": "Daniel Bruce (footballer)\n\n\nCup Final against Queen's Park. The final as scheduled finished as a 1–1 draw; in the replay, Bruce opened the scoring for Vale of Leven but Queen's came back to win 2–1. Soon afterwards, and while still a teenager, Bruce was capped for Scotland. His first and what turned out to be only international appearance came on 22 March 1890 against Wales in the British Home Championship; Scotland won 5–0. He moved to Rangers in 1891 and played four games in the Scottish Football League at the start of", "id": "4264595" }, { "contents": "Joe Hutton (footballer)\n\n\nJoseph \"Joe\" Hutton (18 November 1927 – April 1999) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Gillingham, Millwall, Reading and Stoke City. Hutton was born in Dundee and began his career in England with Reading. He only made eight appearances for the \"Royals\" before going back to Scotland to play for Ayr United. He and Ayr team-mate Bobby Cairns joined Stoke City in 1953. Hutton made an instant impact at the Victoria Ground scoring in his first three matches for the club", "id": "8572530" }, { "contents": "Alex Venters\n\n\nAlexander Venters (9 June 1913 – 30 April 1959) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Cowdenbeath, Rangers and Scotland. Alex Venters, an inside forward, joined Rangers in November 1933 after his first club Cowdenbeath. He spent a total of 13 years at Ibrox Park, winning three Scottish league titles (1935, 1937 and 1939), two Scottish Cups (1935, 1936) and scoring 102 goals in 201 appearances. 18 of these 102 goals came against Celtic in various competitions. In the last season before", "id": "9812289" }, { "contents": "Matt Fry\n\n\nreturned to West Ham having made 32 appearances, scoring one goal, for Charlton. Fry had his contract cancelled by mutual consent with West Ham on 2 February 2012 allowing him to seek first-team football on a regular basis. On 10 February 2012, Fry joined League Two club Bradford City on a free transfer. He made his debut in a 1–1 draw at home to Port Vale on 14 February 2012, in which he played 79 minutes before being substituted. After leaving Bradford, Fry played for Concord Rangers, helping", "id": "20258156" }, { "contents": "Alex Bennett (footballer)\n\n\nand also worked as a sports journalist. He died in Glasgow in 1940. Bennett was capped eleven times for Scotland, gaining three caps while at Celtic and the remaining eight while at Rangers. He made his Scotland debut against Wales in March 1904 and scored his first international goal, again against Wales, four years later. He scored his second international goal in his final Scotland appearance, against Ireland in March 1913. He also appeared ten times in representative matches for the Scottish Football League. At the age of 39 he", "id": "7795002" }, { "contents": "Robert Campbell (footballer, born 1882)\n\n\nRobert Campbell (1882 – 13 March 1931) was a Scottish footballer who played for Partick Thistle, Rangers, Millwall Athletic and Bradford City. He was a full back who won the 1911 FA Cup with Bradford. Born in Lugar in 1882, Campbell started his football career with Partick Thistle, with whom he won a Scottish League representative honour, before moving to Rangers in 1903. He played for Rangers until 1905, making nine appearances and scoring once before he moved to England and Millwall Athletic in the Southern League. He", "id": "15446261" }, { "contents": "Matthew Dickie\n\n\nMatthew Dickie (19 August 1873 – 30 December 1959) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Rangers. Dickie made his Rangers debut against St Mirren in a 5-1 home win at Ibrox on 15 August 1896. He played 126 league matches from a possible 132 in an amazing spell during his time at the club. He went on to make 175 first class appearances in total. Dickie won four League championships, 3 Scottish Cups, 5 Glasgow Cups and represented Scotland three times.", "id": "4766083" }, { "contents": "Michael O'Halloran (footballer)\n\n\nwin over Forfar Athletic. He scored again in Saints' final home game of the season, to conclude a 3–3 draw with former club Celtic. O'Halloran won the Scottish Premiership player of the month award for November 2015. St Johnstone rejected two bids from Rangers for O'Halloran in January 2016. Manager Tommy Wright then left O'Halloran out of their following league game, saying that O'Halloran was not \"mentally ready\" to play. O'Halloran made his final appearance for the club in a 2–1 defeat to Hibernian in the Scottish League Cup semi", "id": "9744181" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Millar (footballer, born 1870)\n\n\ntwo different spells: 1890–96 (winning three Football League championships in four seasons) and 1900–04 (claiming a fourth title), separated by a stint in his homeland at Rangers where he won two Scottish Football League titles and two Scottish Cups. Overall he made 260 appearances for Sunderland, scoring 123 goals. At the time of his death he was the trainer for Chelsea. Millar was capped for Scotland three times between 1897 and 1898 during his time with Rangers, scoring twice, both in matches against England; his first was", "id": "14464136" }, { "contents": "Joe Hendry\n\n\nJoe Hendry was a Scottish football player. Hendry played for Rangers, Greenock Morton and St Johnstone amongst other clubs during his career. Hendry began playing football with Maryhill FC. He joined Greenock Morton in 1907 and stayed there for two years before signing for Rangers. Hendry made his debut in a 1–0 win at home on 23 April 1910 against Clyde and during his eight-year spell with the club Hendry made 147 appearances and scored 7 goals. After leaving Rangers he had spells with Dumbarton, Third Lanark, St Johnstone and", "id": "17804993" }, { "contents": "Gordon Rae\n\n\nGordon Rae (born 3 May 1958) is a retired Scottish footballer, who played mainly as a defender for Hibernian, Partick Thistle, Hamilton Academical and Meadowbank Thistle. He also played sometimes as a centre forward, scoring over 50 goals in the Scottish Football League in his career. Rae signed for Hibernian as a 17-year-old from Whitehill Welfare in 1975. He made his first team debut two years later, and scored in a 2–0 win against Rangers at Ibrox in his second appearance. He became club captain, appeared", "id": "6510043" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Johnstone\n\n\narrival at Celtic, Stein had doubts about Johnstone, considering him too much of an individual player, to the overall detriment of the team, and he left him out of the team for the 1965 Scottish Cup Final. Johnstone soon won Stein round with his skill, and won his first winner's medal on 23 October 1965 when he played in Celtic's 2–1 win over Rangers in the Scottish League Cup Final. His 32 league appearances and nine goals that season helped Celtic win their first league title in 12 years. Johnstone", "id": "811424" }, { "contents": "Eddie Rutherford\n\n\nEdward 'Eddie' Rutherford (8 February 1921 – 29 August 2007) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers, Hearts and Scotland. Born in Govan, Scotland, Rutherford joined Rangers from Mossvale in 1941 but during the Second World War he was posted to England so he guested for Lincoln City and Bradford City. He played three games for Bradford in 1944–45 in the Football League War Cup North section. After he had completed his service, Rutherford returned to Rangers and made his first appearance for the club on 19 October", "id": "14506034" }, { "contents": "Sammy Cox\n\n\n1954 Cox played his last match for Scotland, as he captained the team at Hampden in a 4–2 defeat by England in front on 134,544 spectators. 1954–55 was Cox's last season at Rangers as he made only 15 first-team appearances. He made his final Rangers appearance in a 2–1 defeat to Aberdeen on 19 February 1955. Cox made a total of 370 appearances for Rangers, won 25 caps for Scotland and 13 caps for the Scottish League XI. After his Rangers career, Cox had a spell with East Fife before", "id": "14907543" }, { "contents": "Gary Warren (footballer)\n\n\ngame of the season, Warren made his debut in a 2–2 draw against St Mirren. Two-months later on 22 December 2012, he scored his first goal for Inverness in a 4–1 win over Dundee. In the quarter-final of the Scottish League Cup, he scored his second goal for Inverness in a 3–0 win over Rangers, helping the club to reach the semi-final. In the first part of the season, Warren and his teammates struggled as the club found themselves near the foot of the table,", "id": "16107731" }, { "contents": "Ronnie McKinnon\n\n\nRonald McKinnon (born 20 August 1940 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who played for Rangers and the Scotland national team. MacKinnon, a defender, made his Rangers debut against Hearts on 8 March 1961 in a 3–0 win at Ibrox. He went on to make 473 appearances for Rangers between 1961 and 1972, winning two League championships, four Scottish Cups, three League Cups and a Cup Winners' Cup. He also won a total of 28 caps for Scotland, making his debut in the famous 1", "id": "19851592" }, { "contents": "James Marshall (footballer, born 1908)\n\n\nDr James Marshall (3 January 1908 — 27 December 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for both Rangers and Arsenal as well as the Scotland national side. He played as an inside forward. Marshall was born in Avonbridge, Stirlingshire and joined Rangers from Shettleston in 1925. During his nine-year spell at Ibrox he amassed five League championships and three Scottish Cups. He also won three Scotland caps, all of them against England between 1932 and 1934. In total he scored 138 goals in 257 league appearances for Rangers", "id": "4895243" }, { "contents": "Thomas Murray (footballer)\n\n\nThomas Murray (7 April 1889 – 1976) was an English professional footballer who played as a inside right. Born in Middlesbrough, Murray spent his early career with Middlesbrough, Aberdeen, Rangers and Heart of Midlothian. At Hearts he scored 12 goals in 28 league games between August 1911 and April 1912. He joined Bradford City in June 1912. He made 6 league appearances for Bradford City, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in February 1914 to join Hull City. For Hull he made a further 2 league appearances", "id": "5167081" }, { "contents": "Ernie Thompson (footballer, born 1909)\n\n\n, scoring once in a 2–2 draw; his only other appearance came a week later in a 1–0 home win over Crewe Alexandra. At the end of the season, Thompson joined Second Division Bristol City, but never made a first-team appearance, instead spending his single season with the club playing in the reserves in both the Western Section of the Southern Football League and the Western Football League First Division. He left before the end of the 1929–30 season in February 1930 to join Bath City, playing for them in the", "id": "16156938" }, { "contents": "Alan Morton\n\n\n\"\" (insurance salesman). Morton had already been capped while an amateur before joining Rangers (making his debut for Scotland on 26 February 1920 against Wales) but would go on to play in every international against the \"Auld Enemy\", England, from 1920 to 1932 bar the fixture at Old Trafford in 1926, eventually winning 31 caps. In addition he made 15 appearances (scoring 1 goal) for the Scottish League XI (making his debut on 22 February 1919 against the Football League at St. Andrews, Birmingham", "id": "6451273" }, { "contents": "Dan Thomson\n\n\nDaniel Thomson (born 10 August 1891 in Dundee) was a Scottish professional footballer. Thomson began his career with Aberdeen before moving on to St Johnstone from where he joined Bristol City in the 1925-26 season. He spent the following season with Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic before joining Torquay United in 1927. He played in United's first match in the Football League, a 1-1 draw with local rivals Exeter City at Plainmoor on 27 August 1927. He played in the next eight games for Torquay before losing his place", "id": "2040384" }, { "contents": "Jack Smith (footballer, born 1895)\n\n\nwinning the Scottish Cup in 1920, including scoring the third goal for Kilmarnock in the final when they defeated his former team, Albion Rovers, 3–2. Following a disagreement with Kilmarnock, Smith joined Cowdenbeath, where during 1921–22, he netted 45 goals as they finished runners-up in Division Two. At the season's end he joined Rangers for £3,000, making his debut at Ibrox Park on 15 August 1922, scoring in a 2–0 victory over Alloa Athletic. He only made two further appearances for Rangers, scoring once", "id": "17284045" }, { "contents": "Peter Thomson (footballer)\n\n\nIn two seasons at Kenilworth Road he made 11 League appearances, scoring 3 goals. Scoring twice against Stoke City in a memorable 3-1 away win. He also played two League games whilst on loan at Rushden & Diamonds, scoring once on his debut. He had a brief spell with Morecambe, scoring against Dagenham & Redbridge on his home debut with an overhead kick. Thomson joined Southport in July 2002. He returned to Lancaster City in December 2003 and enjoyed further success with Stafford Rangers in the summer of 2005.", "id": "8805355" }, { "contents": "John McPherson (footballer, born 1868)\n\n\nMcPherson also won three Scottish Cup medals with Rangers, the first in 1894, where he scored in five of Rangers' six matches, including the 3–1 final win over Celtic at Hampden. McPherson also scored in the 1897 final, where Rangers defeated Dumbarton 5–1. His third Scottish Cup winners medal came a year later, 1898, where Rangers defeated McPherson's former club Kilmarnock 2–0. His final recorded appearance for Rangers was in a 2–0 friendly defeat to Glentoran on 2 April 1902. McPherson was also a Scottish International, winning", "id": "8242049" }, { "contents": "James Cairns (forward)\n\n\nJames Cairns (\"unknown\" – \"unknown\") was a footballer who played at inside right for several English clubs, including Lincoln City and Newton Heath in the late 1890s. Cairns began his football career with Stevenston Thistle in 1895, before moving to Glossop North End. In September 1897, he joined Football League side Lincoln City, but before he made an appearance for the club, he had moved on to Newton Heath in April 1898. It took Cairns six months to make his debut for the Heathens, eventually", "id": "22214514" }, { "contents": "Andy Neil\n\n\nAndrew Neil (18 November 1892 – 14 August 1941) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 328 Football League appearances playing as an inside forward or wing half for Brighton & Hove Albion (two spells), Arsenal and Queens Park Rangers. Neil was born in Crosshouse, near Kilmarnock in Ayrshire. He joined Kilmarnock of Division One from junior club Ardeer Thistle, and made his debut on 12 April 1913 away to Motherwell. He played regularly in his second season, and in 1914–15, his 20 goals placed him sixth in", "id": "2233011" }, { "contents": "Ernest Myers (footballer)\n\n\nErnest Myers, also known as Colin Myers, was an English professional footballer who played as an inside left. Born in Chapeltown, Sheffield, Myers spent his early career with Northfleet, Crystal Palace and Hickleton Main Colliery. He joined Bradford City in April 1914, and made 1 league appearance for the club, scoring 1 goal. He left the club in May 1920 to join Southend United, where he scored 2 goals in 23 league games. He later played for Aberdare Athletic, Northampton Town, Queens Park Rangers, Exeter", "id": "5167086" }, { "contents": "Billy Bennett (footballer, born 1955)\n\n\nthen over a year before Bennett made another senior appearance, when he again scored in a 3–0 Hearts win over Berwick Rangers in the final of the East of Scotland Shield. He made his league debut for Hearts on 16 November 1974 in the 1–3 defeat away at Arbroath. Bennett left Hearts in the summer of 1976 to sign for Third Division outfit Berwick Rangers. In two seasons with The Borderers, he played 69 league matches and scored 8 goals. At the start of the 1978–79 season, Bennett joined Forfar Athletic. He", "id": "17097673" }, { "contents": "Jerome Thomas\n\n\nhe scored a goal in the final over Blackburn Rovers. He was loaned out to Second Division side Queens Park Rangers in the 2001–02 and 2002–03 seasons. He made his debut in the Football League on 30 March 2002, in a 3–2 win over Tranmere Rovers at Prenton Park. He scored his first professional goal on 6 April, the only goal of the game against Swindon Town at the County Ground in a 1–0 win for QPR. During his second loan spell in October 2002, he scored long distance goals away at Cheltenham", "id": "9097657" }, { "contents": "Willie Reid (footballer)\n\n\nEngland with Portsmouth. Reid returned to Scotland in April 1909 when signed by Rangers, where he won three league titles in eleven seasons. He was the club's top scorer for six consecutive seasons, between 1910 and 1916. He received all his caps for Scottish national side while with Rangers. Reid made his Scotland debut in a 2–2 draw with Wales in 1911 and earned his last cap three years later, against England. Reid also represented the Scottish League XI. His football career was interrupted by the First World War,", "id": "15187335" }, { "contents": "Stephen McGinn\n\n\nRangers, where St Mirren won 1–0, the team's first home league win over Rangers in 22 years. McGinn started the 2009–10 season on bench in the Scottish League Cup game but then went on to score on his first start of the season in a 2–1 loss to Hibernian on 15 August 2009. He continued his season with a brace against Kilmarnock at Rugby Park, where The Buddies came from behind to win 2–1. McGinn signed for Watford in January 2010, for an undisclosed fee. He made his first Watford appearance", "id": "14258787" }, { "contents": "Anthony Ralston\n\n\nAnthony Ralston (born 16 November 1998) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Celtic. He also spent several months on loan at Queens Park in 2015 and at Dundee United in 2018. Ralston made his debut for the Celtic first team on 11 May 2016, in a 2–1 defeat against St Johnstone. He scored his first goal for Celtic in a 5–0 Scottish League Cup win over Kilmarnock on 8 August 2017. He made some further appearances early in the 2017–18 season, including a Champions League match against Paris Saint-", "id": "17673352" }, { "contents": "Sam Gallacher\n\n\nSamuel Gallacher (born 23 December 1904) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a centre half. Born in Annbank, Gallacher played for Larkfield Juniors and Cadzow St. Anne's in his native Scotland, before moving to England to join Bradford City in May 1924. For Bradford City he made 40 appearances in the Football League, scoring 2 goals. He left the club in August 1927 to join Crystal Palace. He later played for Lincoln City, making 13 appearances in the Football League as well as one FA Cup appearance", "id": "4883696" }, { "contents": "Julien Rodriguez\n\n\nJulien Rodriguez (born 11 June 1978 in Béziers, France) is a French former professional footballer who played as a defender. Rodriguez started his career at AS Monaco, making 135 appearances for the club and helping them to reach the 2004 Champions League final. He joined Scottish Premier League club Rangers in August 2005 for £1m. He scored his first goal for Rangers on 11 March 2006 in Rangers' 4–0 victory over Kilmarnock at Ibrox Stadium and made a total of 30 appearances in his debut season with the club.", "id": "11830556" }, { "contents": "Mark Williams (Scottish footballer)\n\n\n-year contract by his former St Mirren manager Danny Lennon. Nine days later he made his debut, playing the full 90 minutes as they won 1–0 at Highland League team Brora Rangers in the first round of the Scottish Challenge Cup. On 8 August he played his first league game, a 3–1 loss away to Queen of the South. In February 2016, he moved on loan to Arbroath in Scottish League Two; on 12 March he scored his first career goal to conclude a 3–0 win over East Stirlingshire at Gayfield Park", "id": "15479008" }, { "contents": "Jack Blackman (English footballer)\n\n\nJohn James Blackman (25 November 1912 – 1987) was an English retired professional footballer who played in the Football League for Crystal Palace and Queens Park Rangers as a forward. He also played non-league football for Guildford City. Blackman began his career at Queens Park Rangers and in October 1935, signed for Crystal Palace, then playing in the Football League Third Division South. He made a goal-scoring debut in November in a home 5–0 win against Millwall and went on to make 27 appearances that season scoring 19 times", "id": "13124108" }, { "contents": "Paul Bennett (footballer, born 1961)\n\n\nPaul Bennett (born 30 January 1961) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Port Vale. Bennett was an Everton youth team player before joining Port Vale in September 1978. He made his debut as a substitute in a 1–1 draw with Peterborough United at London Road on 1 November 1980, and three weeks later he scored his first goal in a 4–2 win over Bradford City. He went on to play 26 Fourth Division games in the 1980–81 season, and scored his first goal in the Football League", "id": "4265172" }, { "contents": "Nicol Smith\n\n\nNicol Smith (25 December 1873 – 6 January 1905) was a Scottish footballer who played for Rangers. Born in Darvel, Ayrshire, Smith played as a fullback for local sides Vale of Irvine, Royal Albert and Darvel, earning junior international selection, before joining Rangers in 1893. He made only two league appearances in his first season at the club, but by 1893–94, he had established himself in the Rangers team, missing just one of the 18 league fixtures. During that season he was also responsible for bringing Alex", "id": "20560230" }, { "contents": "Bill Paterson (footballer, born 1930)\n\n\nthe proceeds adding to the transfer deal. He had a relatively unsuccessful three years on Tyneside and so returned to Scotland to join Rangers for £3,500. His debut came on 13 August 1958 in a 2-1 home league win against Partick Thistle. That was the first of three appearances that he would make that entire season. Overall Paterson did go on to make 116 top team appearances for the club and won two Scottish league championships. He also claimed a Scottish Cup, a Scottish League Cup, a Charity Cup winners", "id": "14236809" }, { "contents": "David McClure (footballer)\n\n\nDavid McClure was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a right-back who had spells in Scotland, Ireland and England. He was born in Slamannan, Stirlingshire, but began his footballing career in Ireland with Glenavon. McClure then returned to Scotland to play Junior league football with Dunipace, before joining Scottish Football League club St Johnstone in 1924. In June 1927, he was signed by Football League Third Division North club Nelson and made his debut for the club on 24 September 1927 in the 2–1 win against Durham City.", "id": "19923020" }, { "contents": "Arthur Adey\n\n\nArthur Lewis Adey (1 March 1930 - January 1994) was a Scottish professional association football player of the 1950s. Born in Glasgow, he was a centre forward and began his professional career with Doncaster Rovers and later played for Gillingham and Bradford Park Avenue. He made 68 appearances in The Football League and scored 15 goals. He signed for Doncaster Rovers in September 1950, following his move from Bishop Auckland and made his professional debut in Division Two on 14 April 1951 against Queens Park Rangers. In 1954, after three more", "id": "17203075" }, { "contents": "Billy Hogg\n\n\nWilliam Hogg (29 May 1879 – 30 January 1937) was an English footballer who played at outside right, winning the Football League championship with Sunderland in 1901–02, before moving to Scotland where he won the Scottish League title three times with Rangers. He also made three appearances for England in 1902. Hogg was born in Sunderland and was playing local football with Willington Athletic when he was spotted by Sunderland where he became a professional in October 1899. He made his debut on 2 December 1899, scoring in a 5–0 victory over", "id": "13514822" }, { "contents": "John Ballantyne (footballer)\n\n\nJohn Ballantyne (30 June 1892 – after 1917) was a Scottish professional footballer who made 20 appearances in the Football League playing for Birmingham and played for Scottish Football League clubs Kilmarnock, Vale of Leven and Rangers. He played as an outside right. Ballantyne was born in Riccarton, Ayrshire. He played for Kilmarnock and Vale of Leven before coming to England to join Football League Second Division club Birmingham in April 1913. He made his debut on 26 April 1913, the last day of the 1912–13 season, in a 2–1", "id": "2299260" }, { "contents": "Liam Burt\n\n\nLiam Burt (born 1 February 1999) is a Scottish footballer who last played for Rangers, as a midfielder. He made his first team debut for Rangers in March 2016, and has also played on loan for Dumbarton and Alloa Athletic. Burt has represented Scotland at various youth levels up to under-21 level. Burt played youth football for Celtic before being released and subsequently joining the Rangers Academy. He made his professional debut for the club aged seventeen during a Scottish Championship match against Raith Rovers on 1 March 2016. A few", "id": "3837470" }, { "contents": "James Hamilton (footballer, born 1901)\n\n\nJames Hamilton (16 June 1901 – 1975) was a Scottish footballer who played for Vale of Clyde, St Mirren, Rangers, Blackpool, Barrow, Armadale and Scotland. He was a full-back. Bargeddie-born Hamilton made his debut for Harry Evans' Blackpool at home to Bristol City on 15 September 1928, six games into their 1928–29 Football League campaign. He made a further 24 League appearances that season as \"the Tangerines\" finished eighth in Division Two. He started the first three League games of the", "id": "1708146" }, { "contents": "John Campbell (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\nJohn William Campbell (2 October 1877 – 20 January 1919) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Linthouse, Partick Thistle, Blackburn Rovers, Rangers, West Ham United, Hibernian and the Scotland national team. He was born in Glasgow and gained the most success in his career with Rangers with whom he won four successive league titles (1898–99, 1899–00, 1900–01 and 1901–02) the first of which Rangers won all 18 of their Scottish league matches. He also represented Scotland at international level, winning four caps and scoring", "id": "13889025" }, { "contents": "Matt Hill (footballer)\n\n\nMatthew Clayton Hill (born 26 March 1981) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for Bradford Park Avenue. Born in Bristol, Hill started his career with Bristol City where he made over 200 appearances. He subsequently joined Preston North End where he also spent a successful spell, playing over 100 times for the Lancashire club. A move to Wolverhampton Wanderers followed but first team opportunities were more limited and he was loaned to Queens Park Rangers before leaving to join Barnsley. After only one season at the South Yorkshire club", "id": "15275700" }, { "contents": "Dennis O'Donnell\n\n\nDennis O'Donnell (q1 1880 – after 1908) was an English professional footballer who scored 41 goals from 167 appearances in the Football League playing as a forward for Lincoln City, Sunderland, Notts County and Bradford Park Avenue. He also played in the Southern League for Queens Park Rangers. O'Donnell was born in Willington Quay, then in Northumberland. He made his debut for Lincoln City on 5 October 1901 in a 2–1 win at home to Middlesbrough in the Football League Second Division, and played for the club until the end of", "id": "1332551" }, { "contents": "William McLachlan (footballer)\n\n\nWilliam McLachlan (born 19 March 1989) is a Scottish footballer currently playing for Irvine Meadow in the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region. He has previously played in the Scottish Football League First Division for Airdrie United and for Australian club Melbourne Knights in the Victorian Premier League. McLachlan began his career with Rangers and appeared for the Scotland U-16 team in a Victory Shield match against Northern Ireland in October 2004. In December 2008, he joined Airdrie United on loan. He made his debut against St Johnstone on 20 December.", "id": "18351658" }, { "contents": "Bruno Andrade (footballer, born 1993)\n\n\njoined Lincoln City for the 2018-19 League Two season for a free transfer on the 24th May 2018. Born in Portugal, Andrade joined the Queens Park Rangers academy at the age of 13. He made his debut for Queens Park Rangers against Preston North End on 20 November 2010. He then made his second appearance for the club against Blackburn Rovers in the FA Cup. He replaced Jamie Mackie who had broken his leg. He made a further two first-team appearances at the beginning of the 2011–12 season, including", "id": "14654306" }, { "contents": "John Walker (footballer, born 1873)\n\n\nscored the winning goal against West Bromwich Albion on the final day of the season to secure the title. Walker played another 18 times for Liverpool in 1901–02 before returning to Scotland to join Rangers, who had just won a fourth successive domestic title but were also facing financial troubles due to the reconstruction work required on their stadium after the recent 1902 Ibrox disaster. He scored at a rate of nearly a goal every two league games over his three seasons with the Glasgow club, and appeared in two further Scottish Cup finals. In", "id": "15474189" }, { "contents": "Charles Dennington\n\n\nCharles Dennington (born 7 October 1899, died 1943) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Beccles, Dennington played for Norwich City, Bradford City and Kirkley. He joined Norwich from his home town club, Beccles Town, and made his debut in a 1-1 draw against Queens Park Rangers in the Third Division (South) in August 1922, establishing himself as the Canaries' first choice ahead of William O'Hagen and Ernest Williamson. He missed just twenty League games over the next five", "id": "8086327" }, { "contents": "Davy McDougall\n\n\nside of 1899–00. He was also with Rangers without apparently making a first team appearance. In summer 1900 he joined Southern League Bristol City from Partick Thistle making his debut at outside left in a 0–2 defeat at Luton Town on 15 September 1900. He made 11 appearances scoring 2 goals playing on both right and left wings in season 1900–01 when Bristol City were runners up in the Southern League. He also played on both wings in 12 Western League games scoring 2 goals. He rejoined Rangers in the summer of 1901 making 4", "id": "20661422" }, { "contents": "Gordon Smith (footballer, born December 1954)\n\n\n. He was sold to Rangers in 1977 for £65,000. In his first season with Rangers, Smith won the domestic treble, scoring 27 goals from midfield. He also scored the winning goal in the 1978 Scottish League Cup Final, against Celtic. He was sold to Brighton & Hove Albion in 1980 for a record transfer fee of £440,000. He returned to Rangers on loan in December 1982, playing in the 1982 League Cup Final defeat by Celtic. Smith made three appearances during his loan spell, without scoring.", "id": "8508165" }, { "contents": "George Stewart (footballer, born 1932)\n\n\nGeorge Stewart (16 November 1932 – 22 May 1998) was a Scottish footballer, who played as a goalkeeper for Petershill Juniors, Raith Rovers, Stirling Albion, Montrose and Bradford City. Born in Larkhall in 1932, Stewart started his career with junior side Petershill. He was capped by the Scotland junior select team while with the club. He joined the senior game when he signed for Raith Rovers in 1952. He made 68 appearances in the Scottish Football League for three clubs in seven seasons, before moving to England to", "id": "22044872" }, { "contents": "Tommy Anderson (footballer)\n\n\nfor a fee of £1,000, but in November the same year he moved to Queen's Park Rangers. He had only played five league games for Bournemouth, scoring once. He went on to score 3 times in 10 league games for Rangers in the 1958–59 season. He moved again in July 1959, signing for Torquay United. He made his debut on 22 August 1959, the first day of the 1959–60 season, in a 2–1 home win against Doncaster Rovers. In his season with Torquay he played in nine league", "id": "2845776" }, { "contents": "Richard Edghill\n\n\nof Sun Jihai served to further limit Richard's opportunities at the club and he was released at the end of the 2001–02 promotion winning campaign, having made a total of 207 appearances for the club in nine years. Following his release Edghill had short unsuccessful spells with Wigan Athletic and Sheffield United before joining Queens Park Rangers in August 2003. In the 2005 close season Edghill joined Bradford City on a free transfer. At Bradford he scored twice; against Tranmere Rovers in the league and Barnsley in the FA Cup. He was one", "id": "9473165" }, { "contents": "John Blackwood (footballer, born 1877)\n\n\n, who then sold him to Football League Second Division club Woolwich Arsenal. After joining Woolwich Arsenal in May 1900, Blackwood scored on his debut, in a 2–1 win over Gainsborough Trinity on the opening day of the 1900–01 season. This was to be his only season with the club; he scored six goals in 17 league appearances. He also scored during his one appearance in the FA Cup, against Darwen on 5 January 1901. He left for Reading in May 1901. In November 1902, Blackwood joined Queens Park Rangers", "id": "4952881" }, { "contents": "David Amoo\n\n\nRobinson's first-team however, and made just two further substitute appeareances at Stadium MK before returning to Anfield on 23 February. On 28 February, he joined Championship side Hull City on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. He made his \"Tigers\" debut coming on as a replacement for Jay Simpson in a 1–0 win at Nottingham Forest on 5 March. He scored his first goal in senior football in a 1–1 draw at Queens Park Rangers on 25 April. Unable to break into Nigel Pearson's first-", "id": "5142268" }, { "contents": "Chris Brandon\n\n\nin Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, on 7 April 1976. He attended Yorkshire Martyrs Collegiate School in Bradford and supported the city's Football League team Bradford City. Brandon started his football career as a trainee for Bradford City, but he was dropped by their academy and joined non-league side Bradford Park Avenue. He later played for Farsley Celtic before joining Stafford Rangers. He played 32 times for Rangers over two seasons before returning to play for Bradford Park Avenue. In his two spells with Park Avenue, Brandon played", "id": "14931377" }, { "contents": "Sam Charnley\n\n\nSamuel \"Sam\" Charnley (18 November 1902 – 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played for Wolverhampton Wanderers in the Football League. Born in Craigneuk, a suburb of Wishaw, North Lanarkshire, Charnley played for Burnbank Athletic before joining Wolverhampton Wanderers of the Football League Second Division in January 1925. He made his debut on 12 September 1925 in a 4–1 win against Portsmouth. After making 55 appearances in total, scoring once, he joined Midland League team York City in August 1928. He captained York in the 1928–29 season", "id": "10736957" }, { "contents": "Sébastien Faure (footballer)\n\n\n. Faure joined Rangers on a three-year deal pending international clearance on 21 August 2012. After the move, Faure says he joined Rangers because Manager Ally McCoist persuaded him to join. He made his debut against First Division side Falkirk in the Scottish League Cup on 30 August 2012. It was on 23 February 2013, when Faure scored his first ever senior goal. This came whilst playing Third Division Berwick Rangers and it contributed to a 3–1 win away from home. Faure had his first run out of the season in", "id": "5596733" }, { "contents": "Dave MacFarlane\n\n\nDave MacFarlane (16 January 1967 – 30 October 2013) was a Scottish professional football player who is best known for his time with Kilmarnock. MacFarlane began his career with Ayr United Boys Club before joining Rangers. Whilst at Ibrox he made seven league appearances and picked up a winner's medal in October 1986 when he came on as a second-half substitute in Rangers 2-1 win over Celtic in the Scottish League Cup Final. MacFarlane also had loan spells with Kilmarnock and Dundee, before joining the former on a permanent", "id": "7049582" }, { "contents": "Rocco Quinn\n\n\nAugust 2009. His league debut was the 1–1 home draw a week later against Raith Rovers. He scored league goals that season in games against Ayr United, Partick Thistle and a double against Greenock Morton. The Palmerston Park side ended the season in fifth place. He also played on 23 September 2009 in the 2–1 home League Cup defeat against Rangers. In total Quinn made 35 competitive first team appearances in his first season. The QoS website confirmed on 18 June 2011 that Quinn had left and signed for Ross County. In", "id": "16760979" }, { "contents": "Tommy Kelso\n\n\nTommy Kelso (6 May 1882-29 January 1974) was a Scottish footballer who played as a full back for Manchester City between 1906 and 1911. Kelso started his career at Third Lanark before signing for Manchester City in 1906. He made his debut for Manchester City in September 1906 in a 4-1 defeat against Arsenal. He made 139 league appearances for Manchester City and scored 3 goals. He subsequently returned to Scotland and played for Dundee, Rangers and Dumbarton. He won one Scotland cap in 1914 in a 0", "id": "5742448" }, { "contents": "Luke Freeman\n\n\nLeague Trophy and League One titles during his first season with the team. He spent two-and-a-half years at Bristol City before joining Queens Park Rangers in January 2017. Freeman began his career at Charlton Athletic, joining the club's academy in 2001 after being scouted playing Sunday league youth football. He spent two years at Charlton before being released \"for being too small\". Following his release from Charlton, Freeman joined Gillingham at the age of 11. He made his first-team debut for Gillingham", "id": "8315727" }, { "contents": "David Provan (footballer, born 1941)\n\n\nDavid Provan (11 March 1941 – 26 November 2016) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for Rangers, Crystal Palace, Plymouth Argyle and St Mirren. Provan also played for Scotland and the Scottish League XI. Provan was a product of the Rangers youth team and played as a full back. He made his debut on 27 December 1958, in a league match away to Third Lanark which Rangers won 3-2. He helped the club win a domestic treble in 1963–4 and played in the 1967 European Cup Winners", "id": "926204" }, { "contents": "Neil Danns\n\n\ndeal. He had rejected an offer from Scottish Premier League club Rangers. Danns made his Leicester City debut, where he started the whole game, in a 1–0 win over Coventry City in the opening game of the season. He scored his first goal for Leicester City on 23 August 2011 in a 4–2 away win against Bury in the League Cup. Danns soon became a first team regular for the side at the start of the season, finding himself rotated. He scored his first league goal for the club against Blackpool in", "id": "141524" }, { "contents": "Billy Blunt\n\n\nWilliam Blunt (5 August 1886 – 1962) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Wolverhampton Wanderers and Bristol Rovers. Blunt joined Second Division Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1908 from nearby non-league side Stafford Rangers. He made his Football League debut on 28 November 1908 in a 1–2 defeat at Oldham Athletic. He scored two in his second appearance (against Clapton Orient) and ended the season with 8 goals. The 1909–10 campaign saw him score 27 goals, making him the club's top goalscorer for the season", "id": "5433307" }, { "contents": "Gordon Ashcroft\n\n\nGordon Aschroft (7 September 1902 – after 1930) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Lea, Lancashire, he played for Coppull Central before joining Football League First Division side Burnley in November 1925. He made his debut for the club on 7 December 1925 in the 3–1 win against Birmingham at Turf Moor. Ashcroft failed to make another first-team appearance for Burnley and was released at the end of the 1926–27 season. In August 1927 he signed for Burscough Rangers, and then played for", "id": "5652868" }, { "contents": "Raul Correia\n\n\ngoal for Guiseley on 16 September in a 1–1 draw away to Wrexham after guiding Will Hatfield's deflected shot from distance past goalkeeper Luke Coddington. Correia made his final appearance in a 4–0 defeat away to Tranmere Rovers on 30 December, and returned to his parent club two days later. On 11 January 2018, Correia joined National League North club York City on loan for the remainder of the season. Two days later, he made his debut by starting in a 2–1 home win against Bradford Park Avenue. He scored his first", "id": "12088537" }, { "contents": "Bobby Main\n\n\nRobert Frame Main (10 February 1909 – 30 March 1985) was a Scottish professional football player, who is best known for his time with Rangers. Main began his career at local team Baillieston Juniors and joined Rangers in 1929, initially as understudy to Sandy Archibald. He was in and out of the side for four years before becoming a regular in 1933. During his spell at the club he won two Scottish league championships, two Scottish Cups, three Glasgow Cups and two Charity Cups. He made 158 appearances for Rangers", "id": "12825737" }, { "contents": "Ian McColl\n\n\nfinal appearance for Rangers was in the 1960 Scottish Cup Final, a 2–0 win against Kilmarnock. He made a total of 526 appearances for the Glasgow club. He also won 14 caps for Scotland and represented the Scottish League XI. After his playing career, he quickly went into management. He was appointed manager of Scotland in 1960 and enjoyed a winning start, beating Northern Ireland 5–2 at Hampden Park. Under McColl's managership, Scotland won British Home Championships in 1962 and 1963. The team beat England 2–0 at Hampden and", "id": "14525157" }, { "contents": "Jimmy Sharp\n\n\nyear later, in 1905 he was snapped up by Woolwich Arsenal of the First Division and promptly became a regular in the side after making his debut against Liverpool on 2 September 1905. He missed only three league games in his first season and reached the FA Cup semi-finals twice in his first two seasons. At Arsenal Sharp also won another three Scotland caps, before Rangers prised him away in April 1908 for £400. In total he played 116 games for Arsenal, scoring 5 goals. His spell at Rangers only", "id": "17959164" }, { "contents": "Craig Beattie\n\n\nplayed a competitive game in two months he missed the game against Dundee United on 25 February as was not match fit. After scoring twice in a bounce game, he made his debut as a substitute on 3 March against Rangers in a 2–1 win at Ibrox. He scored his first goal for Hearts in a 2–2 draw with St Mirren in the Scottish Cup 6th round at Tynecaste on 10 March. He had a second goal in the same match wrongfully ruled out for offside. In just his second league appearance for the club", "id": "12813032" }, { "contents": "Vladimír Weiss (footballer, born 1989)\n\n\nsubstitute. On 19 August 2010, Weiss joined Scottish side Rangers on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season. Prior to signing for Rangers, Weiss rejected a move to their city rivals Celtic. He made his Rangers debut against Hibernian at Easter Road on 22 August coming on as a substitute for James Beattie, setting up the second goal with Rangers going on to win 3–0. He scored his first goal for Rangers in a 4–1 home win against Motherwell and five days later made his Champions League debut against Valencia, providing", "id": "535578" }, { "contents": "Ralph Brand\n\n\nplayed his last match for Rangers on 23 April 1965 when he scored the only goal in a 1–0 win over Third Lanark in the final League game of the season. Brand was sold to Manchester City in August that year for £30,000. Two years later he moved to Sunderland before returning to Scottish football at Raith Rovers (managed by his friend Jimmy Millar). He retired in 1970, although he would come out of retirement to play a handful of matches for Hamilton Academical in 1971–72. Brand played for Scotland eight times", "id": "16219219" } ]

[ { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior () encompasses the city of Superior and the counties of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Lincoln, Oneida, Price, Polk, Rusk, Sawyer, St. Croix, Taylor, Vilas, and Washburn in northern Wisconsin, with an area of . Its episcopal see is Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is its mother church. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The diocese was established on May 3, 1905 by", "id": "9474213" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nPope Pius X. It was created from the northern part of the Diocese of La Crosse and the northwestern part of the Diocese of Green Bay, with Augustine Francis Schinner as the first bishop. Prior to the official founding of the diocese in 1905, there had already been a rich history of Catholicism in the region. Centuries earlier, Catholic missionaries had forged a dynamic presence throughout the Lake Superior region of Wisconsin. The early history of Catholicism in the state of Wisconsin started within the territory that the Diocese of Superior now encompasses,", "id": "9474214" }, { "contents": "List of museums in Wisconsin\n\n\nMarathon, Marquette, Menominee, Milwaukee, Oconto, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan Counties in the north central and northwest area: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Langlade, Lincoln, Oneida, Polk, Price, Rusk, Sawyer, Taylor, Vilas, Washburn South central and southwest area along the Mississippi and Chippewa rivers: Buffalo, Chippewa, Crawford, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Jackson, La Crosse, Pepin, Pierce, St. Croix, Trempealeau, Vernon South", "id": "7014980" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nserved for one year as pastor of St. Hubertus parish at Hubertus, Wisconsin. From 1887 to 1893 he was a member of the faculty of St. Francis Seminary. From 1893 to 1905, he served as chancellor and vicar general of the archdiocese of Milwaukee, appointed by Archbishop Frederick Katzer. The Diocese of Superior was established on May 3, 1905, formed from portions of the Diocese of Green Bay and the Diocese of La Crosse. On May 13, 1905, Pope Pius X appointed Schinner the first Bishop of the newly", "id": "5250913" }, { "contents": "United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin\n\n\nheld at Madison. The district comprises the following counties: Adams, Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Green, Iowa, Iron, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, La Crosse, Lafayette, Lincoln, Marathon, Monroe, Oneida, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Portage, Price, Richland, Rock, Rusk, Sauk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Vilas, Washburn and", "id": "19092884" }, { "contents": "2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin\n\n\na total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark (partial), Douglas, Iron, Langlade (partial), Lincoln, Marathon, Oneida, Polk, Portage, Price, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Washburn and Wood. The district is currently represented by Sean Duffy, a Republican. The PVI of the district is R+8. Duffy is running for reelection. The 8th congressional district includes Green Bay and Appleton. It", "id": "2566179" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nAugustine Francis Schinner (May 1, 1863 – February 7, 1937) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the first Bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin (1905-1913) and first Bishop of the Diocese of Spokane, Washington (1914-1925). Schinner was educated at St. Francis Seminary in Wisconsin, and was ordained to the priesthood on March 7, 1886, by Archbishop Michael Heiss of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee at the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist. He", "id": "5250912" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse\n\n\nthe Workman. The Diocese of La Crosse was established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868, from territory that was taken from what was then the Diocese of Milwaukee. It included the part of Wisconsin lying north and west of the Wisconsin River. Michael Heiss, then head of St. Francis Seminary, Milwaukee, was named the first bishop of the La Crosse episcopal see. On May 3, 1905, the territory of the Dioceses of La Crosse and Green Bay was brought together to form the Diocese of Superior,", "id": "6320305" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nuntil the formation of the Diocese of Lacrosse, and the Diocese of Green Bay, which then served the northern region. Finally, in 1905, the Diocese of Superior was created by Pope Pius X, encompassing 16 counties in northern Wisconsin. The oldest Catholic congregation in the state of Wisconsin (in continuous operation to the present-day) is within the Diocese of Superior. On July 27, 1836, Fr. Frederic Baraga arrived at La Pointe, and immediately set to work, building a log church. Fr.", "id": "9474218" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane\n\n\n, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese. The episcopal see was subsequently moved to Seattle, and the diocese was renamed the Diocese of Seattle in 1907. With a growing population in Spokane and other areas of Eastern Washington, church leadership in Seattle realized that a new diocese needed to be formed, and the Diocese of Spokane was canonically erected by Pope Pius X on December 17, 1913. The diocese's first bishop was Augustine Francis Schinner, the bishop emeritus of the Diocese of", "id": "6861839" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 25\n\n\nThe 25th District of the Wisconsin Senate is located in far north-western Wisconsin, and is currently composed of part or all of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Price, Sawyer, Vilas and Washburn counties. The district area is a mostly rural, and covers more land and more counties than any other district in Wisconsin. Janet Bewley is the senator serving the 25th district. She was elected to a four-year term in 2014. Before serving as a senator, she held an office", "id": "19471671" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nBaraga, like the Jesuit missionaries before him, had success evangelizing the native people. His congregation at La Pointe grew, and also included many early European immigrants, primarily French Fur Traders. In 1838, Fr. Baraga built a larger church at La Pointe, on the spot of the present-day location of \"St. Joseph's Catholic Church\". The first Bishop to serve the Diocese of Superior was Augustine Francis Schinner, who was consecrated as Bishop on July 25, 1905. Bishop Schinner faced many challenges, as", "id": "9474219" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\ncreated diocese. He was ordained a bishop on July 25, 1905. Traveling by train with an entourage of over 60 priests from Milwaukee, he arrived at Ashland, Wisconsin, traveled to the Apostle Islands on a short boat tour, and then continued on to Superior. There were 39 diocesan priests, 17 religious order priests serving 38,861 Catholics in 43 parishes with resident pastors, and 50 missions and 33 stations. For Catholic schools, there was 1 high school, 16 elementary and 2 boarding schools with a total enrollment of", "id": "5250914" }, { "contents": "Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway\n\n\nthe Mississippi River, it lies within parts of eight counties in Wisconsin: Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Pierce, Polk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn; and three in Minnesota: Chisago, Pine, and Washington. The upper St. Croix is a nationally renowned smallmouth bass fishery. Other fish species present in the riverway include walleye, northern pike, sturgeon, muskellunge, and catfish. The Namekagon River upstream of Hayward, Wisconsin is well known for its brown and brook trout fishing. Besides fishing, the riverway", "id": "10086875" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento\n\n\nmother church of the diocese, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament. Originally a major part of the defunct Grass Valley Diocese (which included several counties in northern California and Nevada), the present-day diocese was established by Pope Leo XIII on May 28, 1886. Today, the See of Sacramento remains a ceremonial suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the Dioceses of Honolulu, Las Vegas, Oakland, Reno, Salt Lake City, San Jose, Santa Rosa and Stockton", "id": "4599392" }, { "contents": "Saint Raphael's Cathedral (Madison, Wisconsin)\n\n\nthe state capitol. In 1853, Father Francis Etchmann began constructing the most recent church building. The cornerstone was laid on May 28, 1854 by Bishop John Henni of the Diocese of Milwaukee. He dedicated the new building because the parish was under his jurisdiction at the time. The spire and bells were added in 1885. On January 9, 1946, Pope Pius XII created the Diocese of Madison for an 11-county area in the southwestern part of the state. Territory was taken from the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and the Diocese of", "id": "1920566" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst in Australia\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst (in Australia) is a Latin Church suffragan diocese of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1865, covering the Central West and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia. The Cathedral of St Michael and St John the Baptist is the episcopal see of the Bishop of Bathurst, presently Michael McKenna. The Diocese of Bathurst was erected by Pope Pius IX on 20 June 1865. Prior to this date, the area was considered within the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Sydney, its present", "id": "21254493" }, { "contents": "Joseph Maria Koudelka\n\n\n29, 1907, Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland and he was ordained on February 25, 1908 with a special ministry to the Slavic community. On June 24, 1911 Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. He was ordained as the first auxiliary bishop of Milwaukee on September 4, 1911. On August 6, 1913, Pope Pius X appointed Koudelka the second bishop of the Diocese of Superior. He was installed at the pro-cathedral of Sacred Heart in", "id": "18330746" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nThe Archdiocese of Milwaukee () is a Roman Catholic archdiocese headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the United States. It encompasses the City of Milwaukee, as well as the counties of Dodge, Fond du Lac, Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Walworth, Washington and Waukesha, all located in Wisconsin. The Archdiocese of Milwaukee is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milwaukee, which includes the suffragan dioceses of Green Bay, La Crosse, Madison, and Superior. , Jerome Edward Listecki is the Archbishop", "id": "9546478" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering nineteen counties in northwestern Ohio. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The See city for the diocese is Toledo. The eighth and current Bishop of Toledo is Daniel Edward Thomas. Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Pius X erected the diocese April 15, 1910, in territory taken from the Diocese of Cleveland. The arms of the See of Toledo are based upon", "id": "6750935" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin's 7th congressional district\n\n\nWisconsin's 7th congressional district is a congressional district of the United States House of Representatives in northwestern and central Wisconsin; it is the largest congressional district in the state geographically, covering 20 counties (in whole or part), for a total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, St. Croix, Chippewa (partial), Clark, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Jackson (partial), Juneau (partial), Langlade, Lincoln, Marathon,", "id": "8780919" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez () is located in the northern Mexican city of the same name, across the Río Grande from El Paso, Texas. It is part of the ecclesiastical province of Chihuahua and is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Chihuahua . The Diocese of Ciudad Juárez was erected by Pope Pius XII on 10 April 1957 from the Diocese of Chihuahua because of the population growth in the northern part of the state of Chihuahua. Pope Pius named Manuel Talamás Camandari as the first bishop, and by 1966", "id": "13992785" }, { "contents": "Superior, Wisconsin\n\n\nSuperior come from the Duluth market: Superior is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Francis Xavier Catholic Church, located in the East End of Superior, has been noted for its architecture. Christ Evangelical Lutheran Church is the only congregation of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod located in Superior. It recently moved from its original location on Belknap Street to a new campus on North 28th Street. Pilgrim Lutheran Church is located", "id": "4103054" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi (\"Dioecesis Uromiensis\") in Uromi, Edo State, Nigeria was created on December 14, 2005, when it was split off from the Archdiocese of Benin City. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Benin City. Its first bishop was Augustine Obiora Akubeze (who was named Archbishop of Benin City in March 2011). The St Anthony of Padua church in Uromi was selected to be its cathedral. The canonical erection of the diocese and the episcopal ordination of the bishop took", "id": "2286692" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the northwestern United States, comprising the northern regions of the state of Alaska. It is led by a bishop who serves as pastor of the mother church, Sacred Heart Cathedral in the City of Fairbanks. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Anchorage. The See of Fairbanks was established from the Prefecture Apostolic of Alaska on July 27, 1894, which was created from the Diocese of Vancouver Island. It was", "id": "7747608" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough () is a suffragan Latin diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kingston, Ontario that includes part of the federal Province of Ontario in inland Canada. Its episcopal see is the Cathedral of Saint Peter-in-Chains in Peterborough, Ontario. On March 10, 2017, the Pope named former Hamilton Auxiliary Bishop Daniel J. Miehm as the new Bishop of Peterborough. Established on 25 January 1874 as Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Canada, on territory split off from the Diocese of Kingston", "id": "5387249" }, { "contents": "Catholic Diocese of Guiratinga\n\n\nThe Diocese of Guiratinga (Dioecesis Guiratingensis) was a former ecclesiastical circumscription of the Catholic Church in Brazil, belonging to the Ecclesiastical Province of Cuiabá and the West II Regional Bishops' Council of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil, being a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cuiabá. The episcopal see is the Cathedral St. John the Baptist in the city of Guiratinga in the state of Mato Grosso. The Prelature Registry Araguaia (Territorialis Praelatura Registrensis or Territorialis Praelatura registration Araguaia) was erected on May 12, 1914 by Pope Pius X", "id": "4926427" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America encompassing the northwestern third of Wisconsin. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). The faith community comprises 20 interdependent congregations, mostly small and rural. The see and diocesan offices are in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, with Christ Church Cathedral as the mother church. Christ Church in La Crosse is the largest church in the diocese. The roots of the Diocese of Eau Claire begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians", "id": "2071071" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Motherwell\n\n\nCumbernauld and the area of Auchinloch) and South Lanarkshire. The diocese, along with the Diocese of Paisley, was erected as a Suffragan See by the Apostolic Constitution \"Maxime interest\" on 25 May 1947. The new See took part of the Archdiocese of Glasgow (becoming its Suffragan See) and part of the Diocese of Galloway. At present the diocese is vacant. The most recent Bishop of Motherwell was the Right Reverend Joseph Devine, whose resignation was accepted by Pope Francis on 30 May 2013. On Tuesday 29 April", "id": "3729293" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 28\n\n\nBayfield), Pepin, Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix Counties. The first Senator from the 28th was William Wilson of Menomonie, who served in the 1857 session (the tenth session of the Wisconsin Legislature). The district has also been represented by: As of the redistricting of 1861, the 28th now consisted of Ashland, Burnett, Dallas (later renamed Barron), Douglas, La Pointe (later renamed Bayfield), Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix counties (it was not changed in the redistricting of", "id": "2063122" }, { "contents": "List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Northern Ireland\n\n\nIn the Roman Catholic Church, the entirety of Northern Ireland is comprehended by the ecclesiastical province of Armagh. The eponymous archdiocese and five of its suffragan dioceses cover the area of Northern Ireland. The diocesan and archdiocesan boundaries are not coterminous with the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Only two dioceses are entirely contained within Northern Ireland: Down and Connor and the Diocese of Dromore. Three dioceses and the Archdiocese of Armagh straddle the border. The Archdiocese and its suffragans are all part of the Episcopal conference of Ireland", "id": "14015256" }, { "contents": "Anglican Bishop of Nottingham\n\n\nThe Anglican Bishop of Nottingham was an episcopal title used by a Church of England suffragan bishop. The title took its name after the county town of Nottingham and was first created under the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534. Until 1837, Nottingham had been part of the Diocese of York, when it then became part of the Diocese of Lincoln. With the creation of the Diocese of Southwell in 1884, Nottingham became part of that diocese, but the then- (and final) bishop remained suffragan to Lincoln. Since 2005, Nottingham gives", "id": "20176138" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell () is an ecclesiastical diocese of the Catholic Church in Scotland. The diocese, which was erected on 25 May 1947 by Pope Pius XII from the Archdiocese of Glasgow, along with the Diocese of Paisley which was erected on the same day, remains one of two suffragan sees under the Archdiocese. On Tuesday 29 April 2014 - the Feast of St Catherine of Siena - Pope Francis appointed Joseph Toal as the fifth Bishop of Motherwell. In 2004, the Catholic population, proportionately the largest in", "id": "16456386" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nnative people, and baptized over 1,000 converts. During this time, the region was being overseen by French Catholic leaders in Quebec, which became a diocese in 1674, encompassing all of North America east of the Mississippi River. In 1791, the region was transferred to the Diocese of Baltimore, which was the first Catholic diocese created in the then-newly formed United States. In 1843, the Diocese of Milwaukee was established, and consisted of the entire state of Wisconsin. Northern Wisconsin remained within the Diocese of Milwaukee,", "id": "9474217" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nEpiscopal Diocese of Milwaukee, originally the Diocese of Wisconsin is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America located in the southern area of Wisconsin. It is in Province V (for the Midwest region). The Rt. Reverend Steven Miller is the bishop. The see city is Milwaukee. Cathedral Church of All Saints, Milwaukee is the mother church. The diocese was formed after Jackson Kemper was named the Episcopal Church's first missionary bishop and oversaw the church's mission to the Northwest Territories from 1835 to", "id": "2071175" }, { "contents": "Joseph G. Pinten\n\n\nvicar general, in 1919 purchased dormitory property of Northern Normal College and donated it to the diocese to use as a church with conditions that it be named after Saint Michael and that the new parish build a school. On November 30, 1921, Pope Benedict XV appointed Pinten the third bishop of the Superior Diocese. He was ordained bishop on May 3, 1922 at St. Peter Cathedral with Archbishop Sebastian Messmer of Milwaukee presiding. The next day an enthronement ceremony was held a Sacred Heart pro-cathedral in Superior. After his", "id": "18330981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kansas City–Saint Joseph\n\n\nXIII established the Diocese of Kansas City, with territories taken from the Archdiocese of St. Louis. Its first bishop was John Joseph Hogan. On July 2, 1956, the diocese incorporated part of the territory of the Diocese of Saint Joseph, which had been established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868. On the same date in 1956 part of the Diocese of Kansas City's territory went to establish the Diocese of Jefferson City and the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau. The diocese received its present name and boundaries", "id": "13839607" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Kerry\n\n\nThe Bishop of Kerry is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kerry, one of the suffragan dioceses of the Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly in Ireland. The Episcopal see changed its name from Ardfert and Aghadoe to Kerry on 20 December 1952. The bishop's seat (Cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church Saint Mary, Killarney. The current bishop is the Most Reverend Raymond Browne who was appointed Bishop of Kerry by Pope Francis on 2 May 2013 and received episcopal consecration at St Mary's Cathedral, Killarney on 21", "id": "20835420" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle\n\n\nas a result by 1850 the Diocese of Walla Walla was abandoned and its merged-in territory administered from Oregon City. On May 31, 1850, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese, with Augustin Blanchet as bishop. In January 1851, Augustin Blanchet dedicated St. James Church near Fort Vancouver as the new diocese's cathedral. A new St. James Cathedral was built in Vancouver, Washington in 1885. In 1903 Bishop Edward O'Dea, realizing that Vancouver was no longer the economic and", "id": "6861805" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nthe head of the new diocese, including the need to recruit priests to serve the growing number of parishes throughout the diocese. By the time Bishop Schinner resigned as the bishop of Superior in 1913, he saw the pool of priests grow from 39 diocesan priests in 1905 to 62 in 1913. Today, there are now 105 parishes within the Diocese of Superior. The following is a list of the Roman Catholic Bishops of the Diocese of Superior and their years of service: The Diocese of Superior has a membership of 73,638 Catholics", "id": "9474220" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Northern California. The diocese comprises Alameda and Contra Costa Counties in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Cathedral of Christ the Light serves as the bishop's seat, replacing the Cathedral of Saint Francis de Sales which was demolished after the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989. Once a part of the Archdiocese of San Francisco, the Diocese of Oakland remains a suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the", "id": "4599275" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\ndioceses which did not formally claim any continuity with the pre-Elizabethan English dioceses were created. The Vicariate Apostolic of the Northern District was duly elevated to diocese status as the Diocese of Hexham. On 23 May 1861 the diocese became the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, it was assigned to the newly created Province of Liverpool. The present diocese covers an area of 7,700 km²", "id": "3501975" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\n1859. He became provisional bishop of Wisconsin from 1847 to 1854 and first bishop of the Diocese of Wisconsin from 1854 to 1870. In 1875, the Diocese of Fond du Lac was created to serve the northeastern 26 counties of the state. The Diocese of Eau Claire, was carved out of the diocese in 1928 for the counties in the northwestern part of Wisconsin. The Diocese of Wisconsin became the Diocese of Milwaukee in 1886. Over the last few years the membership has declined from 15,000 to 11,000. Nashotah House, in", "id": "2071176" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson\n\n\nThe Diocese of Paterson is a diocese of the Roman Rite of the Latin Catholic Church in the United States, which includes three counties in northern New Jersey: Passaic, Morris, and Sussex. The city of Paterson, third-largest in the state of New Jersey, was chosen as the episcopal see, even though the vast majority of diocesan territory lies west of the city. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Newark, and is part of Region III of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. The", "id": "14672461" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay () was established on March 3, 1868, by Pope Pius IX. It covers the city of Green Bay, as well as Brown, Calumet, Door, Florence, Forest, Kewaunee, Langlade, Manitowoc, Marinette, Menominee, Oconto, Outagamie, Shawano, Waupaca, Waushara and Winnebago counties in Wisconsin. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The earliest trace of the Catholic faith in the Green Bay area was in 1634. Jesuits followed Jean Nicolet to", "id": "9417148" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering the parishes of northern Louisiana, and a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. Its bishop is part of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and belongs to Conference Region V (which includes Alabama, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee). Its mother church is the Cathedral of Saint John Berchmans, in Shreveport. The Diocese of Shreveport was canonically erected on June 16, 1986 when Pope John Paul II split the former Diocese of", "id": "18926928" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids () is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in western Michigan, in the United States. It comprises 102 churches in 11 counties in West Michigan. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Detroit. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of Saint Andrew. On April 18, 2013, Pope Francis accepted Bishop Walter A. Hurley's resignation and appointed the Rev. David J. Walkowiak to be the twelfth Bishop of Grand Rapids. The diocese was created from territory taken from", "id": "221824" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Suacia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Svač (, , ) was a bishopric with see in the town of Svač (Latinized as Suacia), which is today the village lying to the east of Ulcinj in Montenegro that is called in Serbian Шас, in Croat Šas and in Albanian Shas. The area was part of the late Roman province of Dalmatia Superior, and the Catholic Church, which includes the diocese in its list of Latin titular sees, accordingly treats it as a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Doclea. The diocese of Svač (", "id": "4011385" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck () is a Roman Catholic diocese in North Dakota. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop David Kagan. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Bismarck. The Cathedral parish of the diocese is Cathedral of the Holy Spirit. On December 31, 1909 Saint Pius X established the Diocese of Bismarck. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Fargo. The list of bishops of the diocese and their terms of service", "id": "18993019" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fiesole\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fiesole () is a Roman Catholic diocese in Tuscany, central Italy, whose episcopal see is the city of Fiesole. Fiesole was directly subject to the pope until 1420, when the archdiocese of Florence was created and Fiesole was made one of its suffragan bishops. It is still a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Florence. According to local legend the Gospel was first preached at Fiesole by Messius Romulus, said to have been a disciple of St. Peter. Documentary evidence, however, is from the 9th and", "id": "3288239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangalore\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Bangalore () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in India. It was erected as the Diocese of Bangalore on 13 February 1940 by Pope Pius XII, and elevated to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese on 19 September 1953, with the suffragan sees of Belgaum, Bellary, Chikmagalur, Gulbarga, Karwar, Mangalore, Udupi, Mysore, and Shimoga. The archdiocese's mother church and thus seat of its archbishop is the St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral; Bangalore also houses", "id": "9571833" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City () is a Roman Catholic diocese in western South Dakota, United States. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Robert Dwayne Gruss. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Rapid City. The Cathedral parish is the Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. On August 6, 1902 Saint Pius X established the diocese as the Diocese of Lead. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Sioux Falls. The", "id": "18993239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong is a suffragan Latin Rite diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1951, covering the Illawarra and Southern Highlands regions of New South Wales, Australia. St Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Wollongong is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Wollongong, currently Brian Mascord. On 15 November 1951, Pope Pius XII announced that a new diocese would be created from the two archdioceses of Sydney and Canberra & Goulburn. To be named Wollongong, the diocese was officially established on 11 February 1952.", "id": "21254634" }, { "contents": "Cathedral of Christ the King (Superior, Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Cathedral of Christ the King is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior in Superior, Wisconsin. It was named in honor of Christ the King. The building is located at 1111 Belknap Street in Superior. When the Diocese of Superior was established in 1905 Sacred Heart church, which had been established in the 1880s, was designated the pro-cathedral. Sacred Heart continued in this function until 1926. The cathedral construction project was announced in February 1926 and the groundbreaking occurred on June 23, 1926. Bishop", "id": "2884619" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nsuffragan sees were erected in Indiana and Illinois. In 1843 the Illinois portion of the diocese became the Diocese of Chicago. On 8 January 1857 the northern half of Indiana comprised the Diocese of Fort Wayne. On 28 March 1898 the episcopal diocese was transferred from Vincennes to Indianapolis, and the Diocese of Vincennes became the Diocese of Indianapolis. In 1944 Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese and founded two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The city of Vincennes, the former", "id": "4928244" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary () is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States of America. It was founded on December 17, 1956, by Pope Pius XII. It is one of four suffragan dioceses of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Its ecclesiastic territory includes Lake, Porter, LaPorte, and Starke counties in northwestern Indiana. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of the Holy Angels in Gary, Indiana. During the first half of the 20th century, many Catholic immigrants", "id": "17635414" }, { "contents": "Red Cedar River (Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Red Cedar River in northwestern Wisconsin is a tributary of the Chippewa River. According to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the river flows approximately 100 miles from southwestern Sawyer County to its confluence with the Chippewa southeast of Dunnville in southern Dunn County. It drains portions of eight Wisconsin counties: Barron, Chippewa, Dunn, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn. Important tributaries include the Chetek River and the Hay River. Important settlements along the river's course include Cameron, Rice Lake, Colfax,", "id": "2013455" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\n, he chose Indianapolis, the state capital of Indiana and the largest city in the diocese, as the new seat of the episcopal see. Between 1837 and 1882 seventy-five priests were ordained at St. Francis Xavier, including Michael E. Shawe, the first priest ordained in Indiana. In 1898 the episcopal see was moved to Indianapolis and it became the Diocese of Indianapolis. Bishop Chatard was its first bishop. St. Francis Xavier remained under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Indianapolis from 1898 to 1944, when Pope Pius XII elevated", "id": "1660117" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln () is a Catholic diocese in Nebraska, United States, and comprises the majority of the eastern and central portions of the state south of the Platte River. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Omaha. The episcopal see is in Lincoln, Nebraska. Bishop James D. Conley is the current ordinary of the Diocese. The Cathedral of the Risen Christ is the cathedral parish of the diocese. The diocese was established on August 2, 1887, by Pope Leo XIII from the territory", "id": "18992119" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná () is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Concordia and Gualeguaychú. On 13 June 1859, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of Paraná from the Diocese of Buenos Aires. It lost territory to the Diocese of Santa Fe when it was created in 1897 and the Diocese of Corrientes in 1910. The Diocese of Paraná was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope Pius XI on 20 April 1934. It lost territory two more times when the dioceses of Gualeguaychú (1957) and Concordia (1961", "id": "14584212" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nDiocese of Indianapolis. Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese in 1944, and erected two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The Diocese of Gary, Indiana, was erected in 1956. The Evansville Diocese absorbed the city of Vincennes upon its creation. The first four Bishops of Vincennes resided at the seat of the episcopal diocese in Vincennes. Their remains are buried in the crypt of St. Francis Xavier Basilica, Vincennes. Bishop Chatard, who resided in Indianapolis and also served", "id": "4928227" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kumba\n\n\nThe Diocese of Kumba (Latin: \"Diocesis Kumbana;\" French: \"Diocèse de Kumba\") is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the African country of Cameroon. Headquartered in Kumba, the diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart and its bishop is Agapitus Enuyehnyoh Nfon. The diocese was created on 15 March 2016 by Pope Francis from territory in the Diocese of Buéa, and it is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Bamenda. On 15 March 2016, Pope Francis established the Diocese of Kumba", "id": "4860060" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grass Valley\n\n\nThe Diocese of Grass Valley () now a titular see, was formerly a residential diocese of the Catholic Church located in northeastern California, United States. The diocese also included most of Nevada, and, early in its history, Utah and part of Colorado. The particular church that became the Diocese of Grass Valley was erected in by Pope Pius IX in 1860 as the Vicariate Apostolic of Marysville from territory formerly belonging to the Archdiocese of San Francisco, of which it was a suffragan see. In 1868, the see city", "id": "1681182" }, { "contents": "James Patrick Powers\n\n\nJames Patrick Powers (born February 6, 1953) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church and the eleventh bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin. Powers was born in Baldwin, Wisconsin on February 6, 1953. He graduated from St. Croix Central High School, in Hammond, Wisconsin, and from Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Powers was ordained a priest of the Superior Diocese on May 20, 1990. He served as administrator of the diocese from December 2014 to February 2016,", "id": "11695981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Teggiano-Policastro\n\n\nThe Italian Latin Catholic Diocese of (Diano-)Teggiano-Policastro (), in Campania, has existed since 1850, under its present name since 1986. In that year the Diocese of Diano-Teggiano was united with the diocese of Policastro. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno. Its cathedral episcopal see is the Marian Cattedrale di S. Maria Maggiore e S. Michele Arcangelo, in Teggiano. The current bishop is Antonio De Luca. On 29 September 1850, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of", "id": "18017079" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth is a Latin Church Roman Catholic diocese in England. The episcopal see is in the city of Plymouth, Devon, where the bishop's seat (cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church of St Mary and St Boniface. Erected as the Diocese of Plymouth in 1850 by Pope Pius IX, from the Apostolic Vicariate of the Western District, the diocese has remained jurisdictionally constant since. Since 1965, the diocese has been a suffragan see of the Ecclesiastical Province of Southwark; before then, from", "id": "8307114" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson (, ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the southwestern region of the United States. It is a suffragan see of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santa Fe. The diocese was recently led by its seventh bishop, Most Reverend Gerald Frederick Kicanas, who retired on October 3, 2017. The See city for the diocese is Tucson, Arizona, and its cathedral parish is the St. Augustine. Another church of special interest is the Mission San Xavier del Bac, also", "id": "7747261" }, { "contents": "Diocese of Rochester\n\n\n) were added to Rochester, while all West Kent parishes except those in the Rochester Deanery were transferred to the Diocese of Canterbury. In May 1877, Essex and Hertfordshire became part of the newly created Diocese of St Albans. On 1 August 1877, the Diocese of Rochester gained some northern parts of Surrey from the Diocese of Winchester which were later transferred to the Diocese of Southwark at its creation in 1905. The present diocesan bishop, the Bishop of Rochester, is James Langstaff. The diocese also has a suffragan bishop:", "id": "3447784" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the Ecclesiastical Province of Cincinnati covering 23 counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The episcopal see of the diocese is situated at Columbus. The diocese was erected on March 3, 1868 by Pope Pius IX out of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. On October 21, 1944 the diocese lost territory when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Steubenville. The Catholic faith was brought in the area by the Dominican Order in Somerset. They established St. Joseph's Parish", "id": "6750859" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral (Alexandria, Louisiana)\n\n\n, and the clock was installed in 1908. Because of the newly constructed church and Alexandria's central location, Bishop Cornelius Van de Ven petitioned the Roman Curia to transfer the seat of the diocese from Natchitoches to Alexandria. Pope Pius X created the suffragan Diocese of Alexandria on . St. Francis Xavier Church was elevated to the rank of cathedral of the newly created diocese. The current bishop of Alexandria is Sede Vacante, and the rector of the cathedral is Father James A. Ferguson. The cathedral's rose windows are the largest in", "id": "16556508" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of Ohio. Pope Pius IX erected the diocese April 23, 1847, in territory taken from the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The diocese lost territory in 1910 when Pope Pius X erected the Diocese of Toledo, and in 1943 when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Youngstown. It is currently the 17th-largest diocese in the United States by population, encompassing the counties of Ashland, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Medina,", "id": "6750690" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pavia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Pavia () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It has been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan only since 1817. Previous to the reorganization of the hierarchy in northern Italy by Pope Pius VII after the expulsion of the French and the Congress of Vienna, the diocese of Pavia had depended directly upon the Holy See, despite repeated failed attempts on the part of the Archbishops of Milan to claim control. The diocese has produced one Pope and Patriarch of Venice, and three cardinals. The", "id": "9177548" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza () is an archdiocese located in the city of Fortaleza in Brazil. On June 6, 1854, it was established by Pope Pius IX, as the Diocese of Ceará from the Diocese of Olinda. Formerly a part of the Diocese of Pernambuco, the district was erected into a separate diocese, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Bahia. João Guerino Gomes was named as first bishop but did not accept the appointment. Father Gomes, who was famous in his day both as an orator and as", "id": "5595432" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lansing\n\n\nThe Catholic Diocese of Lansing () is located in Lansing, Michigan. It encompasses an area of including the counties of Clinton, Eaton, Genesee, Hillsdale, Ingham, Jackson, Lenawee, Livingston, Shiawassee and Washtenaw. It is a suffragan diocese of the ecclesiastical province of Detroit. Pope Pius XI created the Diocese of Lansing May 22, 1937 by taking territory from the Archdiocese of Detroit. In July 1971, Pope Paul VI separated territory from the Lansing Diocese and territory from the Diocese of Grand Rapids to form the", "id": "4281991" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza () is in Argentina and is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Neuquén and San Rafael. On 20 April 1934, Pope Pius XI established the Diocese of Mendoza from the Diocese of San Juan de Cuyo. It lost territory to the Diocese of San Rafael when it was created in 1961. At the same time, the Diocese of Mendoza was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope John XXIII on 10 April 1961./small On 5 May 2017, Kosaka Kumiko, a Japanese-Argentinian nun,", "id": "15288343" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City () is the Roman Catholic diocese for the northwestern quarter of the US state of Iowa. The diocese comprises 24 counties in northwestern Iowa, and it covers an area of . The See city for the diocese is Sioux City. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The cathedral parish for this diocese is the Epiphany. R. Walker Nickless was ordained as bishop of Sioux City on 20 January 2006. On 24 July, 1900, Pope Leo XIII issued a papal bull", "id": "394842" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis\n\n\nlater period the church first came into the area with the arrival of missionaries and European settlers. The original see was canonically erected by Pope Pius IX on July 19, 1850 as the Diocese of Saint Paul of Minnesota, a suffragan episcopal see of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis. The Diocese's territory was taken from that of Dubuque, and its authority spread over all of Minnesota Territory, which consisted of the area which now composes the states of Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota and also comprises the modern archdiocese's ecclesiastical", "id": "7457113" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Sherborne\n\n\nThe Bishop of Sherborne is an episcopal title which takes its name from the market town of Sherborne in Dorset, England. The see of Sherborne was established in around 705 by St Aldhelm, the Abbot of Malmesbury. This see was the mother diocese of the greater part of southwestern England in Saxon times, but after the Norman Conquest was incorporated into the new Diocese of Salisbury. The title Bishop of Sherborne is now used by the Church of England for a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Salisbury. In 1925, the title", "id": "4184192" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\nthe episcopal see to the Archdiocese of Indianapolis and established two new suffragan diocese in Indiana: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. On 14 March 1970 Pope Paul VI raised the status of St. Francis Xavier Cathedral to a basilica. The present Greek Revival-style basilica dates from 1826, making it the oldest Catholic church in Indiana. It was built on or near the site of two earlier churches. The first chapel, a crude structure measuring 22 feet by 66 feet, with log posts, mud daub,", "id": "1660118" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Caserta\n\n\nThe Diocese of Caserta () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Campania, southern Italy. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Naples. In 1818 Pope Pius VII united this see with the diocese of Caiazzo, but Pope Pius IX made them separate sees. In 2013 in the diocese of Caserta there was one priest for every 1,703 Catholics. It is not known when Caserta became an episcopal see. The first-known bishop was Ranulfo whose election in 1113 was confirmed by Senne, Archbishop of Capua. \"Erected", "id": "16395150" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia\n\n\nThe Italian Catholic Diocese of Pescia () is in Tuscany. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Pisa. In 1519 Pope Leo X withdrew Pescia from the archdiocese of Lucca, raising it to the dignity of a prelacy nullius; and in 1726 it was made a diocese, suffragan of Pisa. Its first bishop was Bartolommeo Pucci (1728). Others were Francesco Vicenti (1773–1801), and Giulio Serafini. On 25 November 2015, Pope Francis appointed as the new Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia,", "id": "15933634" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur\n\n\nLumpur was dedicated to St John the evangelist in 1883, and would be later known as St. John's Cathedral, the Mother Church of Kuala Lumpur. In 1955, the Diocese of Malacca became a Metropolitan Archdiocese, with the newly formed Diocese of Penang and Diocese of Kuala Lumpur as its suffragan sees. Bishop Dominic Vendargon was appointed as the first Bishop of Kuala Lumpur, and was ordained in the same year. In 1972, the Diocese of Kuala Lumpur was elevated into an Archdiocese, with the suffragan dioceses of Penang and", "id": "14666462" }, { "contents": "WESTconsin Credit Union\n\n\nanyone who lives or works in the Wisconsin counties of Barron, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Dunn, Eau Claire, Jackson, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau or Washburn, or the Minnesota counties of Anoka, Chisago, Dakota, Goodhue, Isanti, Ramsey, Wabasha, and Washington with a $5 deposit in a membership share (savings) account. Presently, \"WEST\"consin Credit Union has five fully operational high school offices that are located in Amery,", "id": "1182556" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zamboanga\n\n\nthe future city of Zamboanga. On January 20, 1933, Pope Pius XI divided Mindanao into two areas. Southern Mindanao including the Sulu Archipelago became under the jurisdiction of Zamboanga. Northern Mindanao became under the Diocese of Cagayan de Oro. In 1951 Cagayan de Oro became an archdiocese, the first in the island of Mindanao. All episcopal jurisdictions in Mindanao and Sulu, including Zamboanga, became suffragans of this archdiocese. The Diocese of Zamboanga was further divided when the Prelature Nullius of Davao was established and separated in 1949; the", "id": "18254813" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiavari\n\n\nThe Diocese of Chiavari () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Liguria, northern Italy. It was created on 3 December 1892 by Pope Leo XIII in the Bull \"Romani Pontifices\". It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Genoa. Chiavari became an episcopal see in 1892, but until 1896 it was administered by Tommaso Reggio, the Archbishop of Genoa, to which diocese it originally belonged, through his Auxiliary Bishop and Vicar General, Fortunato Vinelli, titular bishop of Epiphania (Cilicia, Ottoman Empire). The", "id": "15328930" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of El Paso\n\n\nwest Texas were served by travelling priests in car and horseback. After Pinto's efforts, Catholic parishes began to flourish in El Paso. On 3 March 1914, Pope Pius X established the Diocese of El Paso as a suffragan see of Santa Fe. The diocese covered nearly in West Texas and southern New Mexico and was created from parts of the dioceses of Dallas, San Antonio and Tucson. Jesuit priest Father John J. Brown was appointed bishop of the newly created diocese on 22 January 1915 but resigned before his scheduled consecration.", "id": "18993686" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai (; ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Municipality of Shanghai, China. It was erected on December 13, 1933 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Shanghai by Pope Pius XI, and was later elevated to the rank of a diocese on April 11, 1946 by Pope Pius XII. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Nanking. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is St. Ignatius Cathedral; it also houses a minor basilica in Sheshan", "id": "15983488" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta is a suffragan Latin Church diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1986. The Diocese of Parramatta is an organisation of the Roman Catholic Church, with responsibility for the western suburbs of Sydney and the Blue Mountains, in New South Wales, Australia. St Patrick's Cathedral, Parramatta, is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Parramatta. On 5 May 2016, Pope Francis appointed Vincent Long Van Nguyen OFM Conv to be its fourth bishop. His installation took place on 16 June 2016", "id": "21254601" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Utah\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Utah is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States, encompassing the state of Utah, less that part of the Four Corners region which is in the Navajoland Area Mission. It includes a small part of northern Arizona. In 1867, the Episcopal Church was the first Protestant church organized in Utah. The diocesan offices and cathedral, St. Mark's Cathedral, are in Salt Lake City. The current bishop is Scott B. Hayashi, whose consecration took place on November 6, 2010 and was installed", "id": "17667064" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton is a suffragan see of Archdiocese of Philadelphia, established on March 3, 1868. The seat of the bishop is St. Peter's Cathedral in Scranton, PA. Other cities in the diocese are Wilkes-Barre, Williamsport, Hazleton, Nanticoke, Carbondale, and Pittston. The diocese comprises Lackawanna, Luzerne, Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne, Tioga, Sullivan, Wyoming, Lycoming, Pike, and Monroe counties, all in the northeastern part of Pennsylvania. The area of the diocese is .", "id": "10915059" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the United States. It comprises the territory of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agaña. The diocese was canonically erected on 8 November 1984 by Pope John Paul II. Its territories were taken from the archdiocese based in Guam. The Diocese of Chalan Kanoa is led by a prelate bishop who pastors the mother church, the Our Lady of Mount Carmel Cathedral on Saipan.", "id": "5619001" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Mantua\n\n\nThe Diocese of Mantua () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It was erected in 804, and is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan. The diocese has produced one Pope and (Latin) Patriarch of Constantinople, and two cardinals. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is the Cathedral of S. Pietro Apostolo; Mantua also contains the Basilica of Sant'Andrea. The last Bishop of Mantua iss Gianmarco Busca, appointed by Pope Francis on June 3, 2016. The bishops emeriti are Egidio", "id": "9176744" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kota Kinabalu\n\n\nafter its see. On 31 May 1976 the vicariate was elevated to a full Diocese of Kota Kinabalu, suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kuching. The diocese lost territories twice, to create its present suffragans : On 23 May 2008, the diocese was elevated to Metropolitan Archdiocese, whose ecclesiastical province comprises the above suffragan dioceses, both formerly part of the original territory of the diocese of Kota Kinabalu: the Diocese of Keningau and the Diocese of Sandakan. On 21 June 2010, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Rev.", "id": "11660795" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\nthe diocese in 1850, Pius IX appointed Bishop William Hogarth, Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District, to be the first bishop of the diocese. The Parish Church of Saint Mary, Newcastle upon Tyne, designed by Augustus Welby Pugin, was selected as the seat for the new bishop, gaining cathedral status. In 1924, Pope Pius XI withdrew the old counties of Cumberland and Westmorland to incorporate them into a newly created Diocese of Lancaster. For this reason, the Lancaster diocese still considers St Cuthbert as one of its principal", "id": "6620884" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nof the Diocese of Wisconsin. In 1870, Fond du Lac was the second largest city in Wisconsin. The remaining counties continued as the Diocese of Wisconsin until 1888, when it was renamed the Diocese of Milwaukee. In 1875, after three elections, John Henry Hobart Brown accepted election as first bishop and was consecrated December 15, 1875 at St. John's Episcopal Church, Cohoes, New York. Brown declared the city of Fond du Lac and St. Paul's Church as the episcopal See. The other viable location was Christ", "id": "2071144" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fond du Lac is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, encompassing the northeastern third of Wisconsin. The diocese contains about 5,700 baptized members worshipping in 37 locations. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). Diocesan offices are in Appleton, Wisconsin. The Diocesan Archives are maintained in Grafton Hall behind the Cathedral in Fond du Lac. Matthew Gunter is its bishop. The roots of the Diocese of Fond du Lac begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians, removing from", "id": "2071141" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spiš\n\n\nThe Diocese of Spiš (, ) is a Roman Catholic diocese in northern Slovakia. It covers central and eastern parts of the Žilina Region and western part of the Prešov Region. Its seat is in Spišská Kapitula; the diocese covers an area of 7,802 km² with 583,633 people of which 76.6% are of Catholic faith (2004). The current bishop is Štefan Sečka. The diocese was established on 13 March 1776 as a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Esztergom. In 1804, its metropolitan was changed to the Archdiocese of Eger", "id": "12385676" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Salford\n\n\n-Elizabethan English dioceses of which one of these was the diocese of Salford and went on to take up the reins of part of the former Vicariate Apostolic of the Lancashire District. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but a further development was its assignment under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, to a newly created Province of Liverpool. At the diocese's creation the territory assigned to it was the hundreds of Salford and Blackburn. The diocese currently covers an", "id": "3729210" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering twenty-eight counties in Kansas. Pope Pius XII created the diocese on May 19, 1951. John B. Brungardt was appointed Bishop of Dodge City in December 2010. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City encompasses 23,000-square-miles, and 50 parishes in 28 counties. It was established in 1951 from parts of the Diocese of Wichita, the Diocese of Leavenworth, and the Vicariate Apostolic of the Indian Territory established July 19, 1850. At that", "id": "17635532" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It comprises that part of South Dakota east of the Missouri River. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Paul J. Swain. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Sioux Falls. The cathedral parish is St. Joseph Cathedral. On August 12, 1879 Pope Leo XIII established the Vicariate Apostolic of Dakota from territory taken from the Diocese of", "id": "18993545" } ]

[ { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior () encompasses the city of Superior and the counties of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Lincoln, Oneida, Price, Polk, Rusk, Sawyer, St. Croix, Taylor, Vilas, and Washburn in northern Wisconsin, with an area of . Its episcopal see is Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is its mother church. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The diocese was established on May 3, 1905 by", "id": "9474213" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nPope Pius X. It was created from the northern part of the Diocese of La Crosse and the northwestern part of the Diocese of Green Bay, with Augustine Francis Schinner as the first bishop. Prior to the official founding of the diocese in 1905, there had already been a rich history of Catholicism in the region. Centuries earlier, Catholic missionaries had forged a dynamic presence throughout the Lake Superior region of Wisconsin. The early history of Catholicism in the state of Wisconsin started within the territory that the Diocese of Superior now encompasses,", "id": "9474214" }, { "contents": "List of museums in Wisconsin\n\n\nMarathon, Marquette, Menominee, Milwaukee, Oconto, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan Counties in the north central and northwest area: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Langlade, Lincoln, Oneida, Polk, Price, Rusk, Sawyer, Taylor, Vilas, Washburn South central and southwest area along the Mississippi and Chippewa rivers: Buffalo, Chippewa, Crawford, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Jackson, La Crosse, Pepin, Pierce, St. Croix, Trempealeau, Vernon South", "id": "7014980" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nserved for one year as pastor of St. Hubertus parish at Hubertus, Wisconsin. From 1887 to 1893 he was a member of the faculty of St. Francis Seminary. From 1893 to 1905, he served as chancellor and vicar general of the archdiocese of Milwaukee, appointed by Archbishop Frederick Katzer. The Diocese of Superior was established on May 3, 1905, formed from portions of the Diocese of Green Bay and the Diocese of La Crosse. On May 13, 1905, Pope Pius X appointed Schinner the first Bishop of the newly", "id": "5250913" }, { "contents": "United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin\n\n\nheld at Madison. The district comprises the following counties: Adams, Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Green, Iowa, Iron, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, La Crosse, Lafayette, Lincoln, Marathon, Monroe, Oneida, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Portage, Price, Richland, Rock, Rusk, Sauk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Vilas, Washburn and", "id": "19092884" }, { "contents": "2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin\n\n\na total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark (partial), Douglas, Iron, Langlade (partial), Lincoln, Marathon, Oneida, Polk, Portage, Price, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Washburn and Wood. The district is currently represented by Sean Duffy, a Republican. The PVI of the district is R+8. Duffy is running for reelection. The 8th congressional district includes Green Bay and Appleton. It", "id": "2566179" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nAugustine Francis Schinner (May 1, 1863 – February 7, 1937) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the first Bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin (1905-1913) and first Bishop of the Diocese of Spokane, Washington (1914-1925). Schinner was educated at St. Francis Seminary in Wisconsin, and was ordained to the priesthood on March 7, 1886, by Archbishop Michael Heiss of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee at the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist. He", "id": "5250912" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse\n\n\nthe Workman. The Diocese of La Crosse was established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868, from territory that was taken from what was then the Diocese of Milwaukee. It included the part of Wisconsin lying north and west of the Wisconsin River. Michael Heiss, then head of St. Francis Seminary, Milwaukee, was named the first bishop of the La Crosse episcopal see. On May 3, 1905, the territory of the Dioceses of La Crosse and Green Bay was brought together to form the Diocese of Superior,", "id": "6320305" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nuntil the formation of the Diocese of Lacrosse, and the Diocese of Green Bay, which then served the northern region. Finally, in 1905, the Diocese of Superior was created by Pope Pius X, encompassing 16 counties in northern Wisconsin. The oldest Catholic congregation in the state of Wisconsin (in continuous operation to the present-day) is within the Diocese of Superior. On July 27, 1836, Fr. Frederic Baraga arrived at La Pointe, and immediately set to work, building a log church. Fr.", "id": "9474218" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane\n\n\n, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese. The episcopal see was subsequently moved to Seattle, and the diocese was renamed the Diocese of Seattle in 1907. With a growing population in Spokane and other areas of Eastern Washington, church leadership in Seattle realized that a new diocese needed to be formed, and the Diocese of Spokane was canonically erected by Pope Pius X on December 17, 1913. The diocese's first bishop was Augustine Francis Schinner, the bishop emeritus of the Diocese of", "id": "6861839" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 25\n\n\nThe 25th District of the Wisconsin Senate is located in far north-western Wisconsin, and is currently composed of part or all of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Price, Sawyer, Vilas and Washburn counties. The district area is a mostly rural, and covers more land and more counties than any other district in Wisconsin. Janet Bewley is the senator serving the 25th district. She was elected to a four-year term in 2014. Before serving as a senator, she held an office", "id": "19471671" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nBaraga, like the Jesuit missionaries before him, had success evangelizing the native people. His congregation at La Pointe grew, and also included many early European immigrants, primarily French Fur Traders. In 1838, Fr. Baraga built a larger church at La Pointe, on the spot of the present-day location of \"St. Joseph's Catholic Church\". The first Bishop to serve the Diocese of Superior was Augustine Francis Schinner, who was consecrated as Bishop on July 25, 1905. Bishop Schinner faced many challenges, as", "id": "9474219" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\ncreated diocese. He was ordained a bishop on July 25, 1905. Traveling by train with an entourage of over 60 priests from Milwaukee, he arrived at Ashland, Wisconsin, traveled to the Apostle Islands on a short boat tour, and then continued on to Superior. There were 39 diocesan priests, 17 religious order priests serving 38,861 Catholics in 43 parishes with resident pastors, and 50 missions and 33 stations. For Catholic schools, there was 1 high school, 16 elementary and 2 boarding schools with a total enrollment of", "id": "5250914" }, { "contents": "Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway\n\n\nthe Mississippi River, it lies within parts of eight counties in Wisconsin: Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Pierce, Polk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn; and three in Minnesota: Chisago, Pine, and Washington. The upper St. Croix is a nationally renowned smallmouth bass fishery. Other fish species present in the riverway include walleye, northern pike, sturgeon, muskellunge, and catfish. The Namekagon River upstream of Hayward, Wisconsin is well known for its brown and brook trout fishing. Besides fishing, the riverway", "id": "10086875" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento\n\n\nmother church of the diocese, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament. Originally a major part of the defunct Grass Valley Diocese (which included several counties in northern California and Nevada), the present-day diocese was established by Pope Leo XIII on May 28, 1886. Today, the See of Sacramento remains a ceremonial suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the Dioceses of Honolulu, Las Vegas, Oakland, Reno, Salt Lake City, San Jose, Santa Rosa and Stockton", "id": "4599392" }, { "contents": "Saint Raphael's Cathedral (Madison, Wisconsin)\n\n\nthe state capitol. In 1853, Father Francis Etchmann began constructing the most recent church building. The cornerstone was laid on May 28, 1854 by Bishop John Henni of the Diocese of Milwaukee. He dedicated the new building because the parish was under his jurisdiction at the time. The spire and bells were added in 1885. On January 9, 1946, Pope Pius XII created the Diocese of Madison for an 11-county area in the southwestern part of the state. Territory was taken from the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and the Diocese of", "id": "1920566" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst in Australia\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst (in Australia) is a Latin Church suffragan diocese of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1865, covering the Central West and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia. The Cathedral of St Michael and St John the Baptist is the episcopal see of the Bishop of Bathurst, presently Michael McKenna. The Diocese of Bathurst was erected by Pope Pius IX on 20 June 1865. Prior to this date, the area was considered within the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Sydney, its present", "id": "21254493" }, { "contents": "Joseph Maria Koudelka\n\n\n29, 1907, Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland and he was ordained on February 25, 1908 with a special ministry to the Slavic community. On June 24, 1911 Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. He was ordained as the first auxiliary bishop of Milwaukee on September 4, 1911. On August 6, 1913, Pope Pius X appointed Koudelka the second bishop of the Diocese of Superior. He was installed at the pro-cathedral of Sacred Heart in", "id": "18330746" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nThe Archdiocese of Milwaukee () is a Roman Catholic archdiocese headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the United States. It encompasses the City of Milwaukee, as well as the counties of Dodge, Fond du Lac, Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Walworth, Washington and Waukesha, all located in Wisconsin. The Archdiocese of Milwaukee is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milwaukee, which includes the suffragan dioceses of Green Bay, La Crosse, Madison, and Superior. , Jerome Edward Listecki is the Archbishop", "id": "9546478" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering nineteen counties in northwestern Ohio. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The See city for the diocese is Toledo. The eighth and current Bishop of Toledo is Daniel Edward Thomas. Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Pius X erected the diocese April 15, 1910, in territory taken from the Diocese of Cleveland. The arms of the See of Toledo are based upon", "id": "6750935" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin's 7th congressional district\n\n\nWisconsin's 7th congressional district is a congressional district of the United States House of Representatives in northwestern and central Wisconsin; it is the largest congressional district in the state geographically, covering 20 counties (in whole or part), for a total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, St. Croix, Chippewa (partial), Clark, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Jackson (partial), Juneau (partial), Langlade, Lincoln, Marathon,", "id": "8780919" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez () is located in the northern Mexican city of the same name, across the Río Grande from El Paso, Texas. It is part of the ecclesiastical province of Chihuahua and is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Chihuahua . The Diocese of Ciudad Juárez was erected by Pope Pius XII on 10 April 1957 from the Diocese of Chihuahua because of the population growth in the northern part of the state of Chihuahua. Pope Pius named Manuel Talamás Camandari as the first bishop, and by 1966", "id": "13992785" }, { "contents": "Superior, Wisconsin\n\n\nSuperior come from the Duluth market: Superior is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Francis Xavier Catholic Church, located in the East End of Superior, has been noted for its architecture. Christ Evangelical Lutheran Church is the only congregation of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod located in Superior. It recently moved from its original location on Belknap Street to a new campus on North 28th Street. Pilgrim Lutheran Church is located", "id": "4103054" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi (\"Dioecesis Uromiensis\") in Uromi, Edo State, Nigeria was created on December 14, 2005, when it was split off from the Archdiocese of Benin City. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Benin City. Its first bishop was Augustine Obiora Akubeze (who was named Archbishop of Benin City in March 2011). The St Anthony of Padua church in Uromi was selected to be its cathedral. The canonical erection of the diocese and the episcopal ordination of the bishop took", "id": "2286692" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the northwestern United States, comprising the northern regions of the state of Alaska. It is led by a bishop who serves as pastor of the mother church, Sacred Heart Cathedral in the City of Fairbanks. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Anchorage. The See of Fairbanks was established from the Prefecture Apostolic of Alaska on July 27, 1894, which was created from the Diocese of Vancouver Island. It was", "id": "7747608" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough () is a suffragan Latin diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kingston, Ontario that includes part of the federal Province of Ontario in inland Canada. Its episcopal see is the Cathedral of Saint Peter-in-Chains in Peterborough, Ontario. On March 10, 2017, the Pope named former Hamilton Auxiliary Bishop Daniel J. Miehm as the new Bishop of Peterborough. Established on 25 January 1874 as Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Canada, on territory split off from the Diocese of Kingston", "id": "5387249" }, { "contents": "Catholic Diocese of Guiratinga\n\n\nThe Diocese of Guiratinga (Dioecesis Guiratingensis) was a former ecclesiastical circumscription of the Catholic Church in Brazil, belonging to the Ecclesiastical Province of Cuiabá and the West II Regional Bishops' Council of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil, being a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cuiabá. The episcopal see is the Cathedral St. John the Baptist in the city of Guiratinga in the state of Mato Grosso. The Prelature Registry Araguaia (Territorialis Praelatura Registrensis or Territorialis Praelatura registration Araguaia) was erected on May 12, 1914 by Pope Pius X", "id": "4926427" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America encompassing the northwestern third of Wisconsin. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). The faith community comprises 20 interdependent congregations, mostly small and rural. The see and diocesan offices are in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, with Christ Church Cathedral as the mother church. Christ Church in La Crosse is the largest church in the diocese. The roots of the Diocese of Eau Claire begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians", "id": "2071071" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Motherwell\n\n\nCumbernauld and the area of Auchinloch) and South Lanarkshire. The diocese, along with the Diocese of Paisley, was erected as a Suffragan See by the Apostolic Constitution \"Maxime interest\" on 25 May 1947. The new See took part of the Archdiocese of Glasgow (becoming its Suffragan See) and part of the Diocese of Galloway. At present the diocese is vacant. The most recent Bishop of Motherwell was the Right Reverend Joseph Devine, whose resignation was accepted by Pope Francis on 30 May 2013. On Tuesday 29 April", "id": "3729293" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 28\n\n\nBayfield), Pepin, Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix Counties. The first Senator from the 28th was William Wilson of Menomonie, who served in the 1857 session (the tenth session of the Wisconsin Legislature). The district has also been represented by: As of the redistricting of 1861, the 28th now consisted of Ashland, Burnett, Dallas (later renamed Barron), Douglas, La Pointe (later renamed Bayfield), Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix counties (it was not changed in the redistricting of", "id": "2063122" }, { "contents": "List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Northern Ireland\n\n\nIn the Roman Catholic Church, the entirety of Northern Ireland is comprehended by the ecclesiastical province of Armagh. The eponymous archdiocese and five of its suffragan dioceses cover the area of Northern Ireland. The diocesan and archdiocesan boundaries are not coterminous with the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Only two dioceses are entirely contained within Northern Ireland: Down and Connor and the Diocese of Dromore. Three dioceses and the Archdiocese of Armagh straddle the border. The Archdiocese and its suffragans are all part of the Episcopal conference of Ireland", "id": "14015256" }, { "contents": "Anglican Bishop of Nottingham\n\n\nThe Anglican Bishop of Nottingham was an episcopal title used by a Church of England suffragan bishop. The title took its name after the county town of Nottingham and was first created under the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534. Until 1837, Nottingham had been part of the Diocese of York, when it then became part of the Diocese of Lincoln. With the creation of the Diocese of Southwell in 1884, Nottingham became part of that diocese, but the then- (and final) bishop remained suffragan to Lincoln. Since 2005, Nottingham gives", "id": "20176138" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell () is an ecclesiastical diocese of the Catholic Church in Scotland. The diocese, which was erected on 25 May 1947 by Pope Pius XII from the Archdiocese of Glasgow, along with the Diocese of Paisley which was erected on the same day, remains one of two suffragan sees under the Archdiocese. On Tuesday 29 April 2014 - the Feast of St Catherine of Siena - Pope Francis appointed Joseph Toal as the fifth Bishop of Motherwell. In 2004, the Catholic population, proportionately the largest in", "id": "16456386" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nnative people, and baptized over 1,000 converts. During this time, the region was being overseen by French Catholic leaders in Quebec, which became a diocese in 1674, encompassing all of North America east of the Mississippi River. In 1791, the region was transferred to the Diocese of Baltimore, which was the first Catholic diocese created in the then-newly formed United States. In 1843, the Diocese of Milwaukee was established, and consisted of the entire state of Wisconsin. Northern Wisconsin remained within the Diocese of Milwaukee,", "id": "9474217" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nEpiscopal Diocese of Milwaukee, originally the Diocese of Wisconsin is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America located in the southern area of Wisconsin. It is in Province V (for the Midwest region). The Rt. Reverend Steven Miller is the bishop. The see city is Milwaukee. Cathedral Church of All Saints, Milwaukee is the mother church. The diocese was formed after Jackson Kemper was named the Episcopal Church's first missionary bishop and oversaw the church's mission to the Northwest Territories from 1835 to", "id": "2071175" }, { "contents": "Joseph G. Pinten\n\n\nvicar general, in 1919 purchased dormitory property of Northern Normal College and donated it to the diocese to use as a church with conditions that it be named after Saint Michael and that the new parish build a school. On November 30, 1921, Pope Benedict XV appointed Pinten the third bishop of the Superior Diocese. He was ordained bishop on May 3, 1922 at St. Peter Cathedral with Archbishop Sebastian Messmer of Milwaukee presiding. The next day an enthronement ceremony was held a Sacred Heart pro-cathedral in Superior. After his", "id": "18330981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kansas City–Saint Joseph\n\n\nXIII established the Diocese of Kansas City, with territories taken from the Archdiocese of St. Louis. Its first bishop was John Joseph Hogan. On July 2, 1956, the diocese incorporated part of the territory of the Diocese of Saint Joseph, which had been established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868. On the same date in 1956 part of the Diocese of Kansas City's territory went to establish the Diocese of Jefferson City and the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau. The diocese received its present name and boundaries", "id": "13839607" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Kerry\n\n\nThe Bishop of Kerry is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kerry, one of the suffragan dioceses of the Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly in Ireland. The Episcopal see changed its name from Ardfert and Aghadoe to Kerry on 20 December 1952. The bishop's seat (Cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church Saint Mary, Killarney. The current bishop is the Most Reverend Raymond Browne who was appointed Bishop of Kerry by Pope Francis on 2 May 2013 and received episcopal consecration at St Mary's Cathedral, Killarney on 21", "id": "20835420" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle\n\n\nas a result by 1850 the Diocese of Walla Walla was abandoned and its merged-in territory administered from Oregon City. On May 31, 1850, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese, with Augustin Blanchet as bishop. In January 1851, Augustin Blanchet dedicated St. James Church near Fort Vancouver as the new diocese's cathedral. A new St. James Cathedral was built in Vancouver, Washington in 1885. In 1903 Bishop Edward O'Dea, realizing that Vancouver was no longer the economic and", "id": "6861805" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nthe head of the new diocese, including the need to recruit priests to serve the growing number of parishes throughout the diocese. By the time Bishop Schinner resigned as the bishop of Superior in 1913, he saw the pool of priests grow from 39 diocesan priests in 1905 to 62 in 1913. Today, there are now 105 parishes within the Diocese of Superior. The following is a list of the Roman Catholic Bishops of the Diocese of Superior and their years of service: The Diocese of Superior has a membership of 73,638 Catholics", "id": "9474220" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Northern California. The diocese comprises Alameda and Contra Costa Counties in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Cathedral of Christ the Light serves as the bishop's seat, replacing the Cathedral of Saint Francis de Sales which was demolished after the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989. Once a part of the Archdiocese of San Francisco, the Diocese of Oakland remains a suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the", "id": "4599275" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\ndioceses which did not formally claim any continuity with the pre-Elizabethan English dioceses were created. The Vicariate Apostolic of the Northern District was duly elevated to diocese status as the Diocese of Hexham. On 23 May 1861 the diocese became the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, it was assigned to the newly created Province of Liverpool. The present diocese covers an area of 7,700 km²", "id": "3501975" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\n1859. He became provisional bishop of Wisconsin from 1847 to 1854 and first bishop of the Diocese of Wisconsin from 1854 to 1870. In 1875, the Diocese of Fond du Lac was created to serve the northeastern 26 counties of the state. The Diocese of Eau Claire, was carved out of the diocese in 1928 for the counties in the northwestern part of Wisconsin. The Diocese of Wisconsin became the Diocese of Milwaukee in 1886. Over the last few years the membership has declined from 15,000 to 11,000. Nashotah House, in", "id": "2071176" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson\n\n\nThe Diocese of Paterson is a diocese of the Roman Rite of the Latin Catholic Church in the United States, which includes three counties in northern New Jersey: Passaic, Morris, and Sussex. The city of Paterson, third-largest in the state of New Jersey, was chosen as the episcopal see, even though the vast majority of diocesan territory lies west of the city. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Newark, and is part of Region III of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. The", "id": "14672461" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay () was established on March 3, 1868, by Pope Pius IX. It covers the city of Green Bay, as well as Brown, Calumet, Door, Florence, Forest, Kewaunee, Langlade, Manitowoc, Marinette, Menominee, Oconto, Outagamie, Shawano, Waupaca, Waushara and Winnebago counties in Wisconsin. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The earliest trace of the Catholic faith in the Green Bay area was in 1634. Jesuits followed Jean Nicolet to", "id": "9417148" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering the parishes of northern Louisiana, and a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. Its bishop is part of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and belongs to Conference Region V (which includes Alabama, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee). Its mother church is the Cathedral of Saint John Berchmans, in Shreveport. The Diocese of Shreveport was canonically erected on June 16, 1986 when Pope John Paul II split the former Diocese of", "id": "18926928" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids () is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in western Michigan, in the United States. It comprises 102 churches in 11 counties in West Michigan. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Detroit. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of Saint Andrew. On April 18, 2013, Pope Francis accepted Bishop Walter A. Hurley's resignation and appointed the Rev. David J. Walkowiak to be the twelfth Bishop of Grand Rapids. The diocese was created from territory taken from", "id": "221824" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Suacia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Svač (, , ) was a bishopric with see in the town of Svač (Latinized as Suacia), which is today the village lying to the east of Ulcinj in Montenegro that is called in Serbian Шас, in Croat Šas and in Albanian Shas. The area was part of the late Roman province of Dalmatia Superior, and the Catholic Church, which includes the diocese in its list of Latin titular sees, accordingly treats it as a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Doclea. The diocese of Svač (", "id": "4011385" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck () is a Roman Catholic diocese in North Dakota. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop David Kagan. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Bismarck. The Cathedral parish of the diocese is Cathedral of the Holy Spirit. On December 31, 1909 Saint Pius X established the Diocese of Bismarck. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Fargo. The list of bishops of the diocese and their terms of service", "id": "18993019" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fiesole\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fiesole () is a Roman Catholic diocese in Tuscany, central Italy, whose episcopal see is the city of Fiesole. Fiesole was directly subject to the pope until 1420, when the archdiocese of Florence was created and Fiesole was made one of its suffragan bishops. It is still a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Florence. According to local legend the Gospel was first preached at Fiesole by Messius Romulus, said to have been a disciple of St. Peter. Documentary evidence, however, is from the 9th and", "id": "3288239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangalore\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Bangalore () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in India. It was erected as the Diocese of Bangalore on 13 February 1940 by Pope Pius XII, and elevated to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese on 19 September 1953, with the suffragan sees of Belgaum, Bellary, Chikmagalur, Gulbarga, Karwar, Mangalore, Udupi, Mysore, and Shimoga. The archdiocese's mother church and thus seat of its archbishop is the St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral; Bangalore also houses", "id": "9571833" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City () is a Roman Catholic diocese in western South Dakota, United States. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Robert Dwayne Gruss. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Rapid City. The Cathedral parish is the Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. On August 6, 1902 Saint Pius X established the diocese as the Diocese of Lead. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Sioux Falls. The", "id": "18993239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong is a suffragan Latin Rite diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1951, covering the Illawarra and Southern Highlands regions of New South Wales, Australia. St Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Wollongong is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Wollongong, currently Brian Mascord. On 15 November 1951, Pope Pius XII announced that a new diocese would be created from the two archdioceses of Sydney and Canberra & Goulburn. To be named Wollongong, the diocese was officially established on 11 February 1952.", "id": "21254634" }, { "contents": "Cathedral of Christ the King (Superior, Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Cathedral of Christ the King is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior in Superior, Wisconsin. It was named in honor of Christ the King. The building is located at 1111 Belknap Street in Superior. When the Diocese of Superior was established in 1905 Sacred Heart church, which had been established in the 1880s, was designated the pro-cathedral. Sacred Heart continued in this function until 1926. The cathedral construction project was announced in February 1926 and the groundbreaking occurred on June 23, 1926. Bishop", "id": "2884619" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nsuffragan sees were erected in Indiana and Illinois. In 1843 the Illinois portion of the diocese became the Diocese of Chicago. On 8 January 1857 the northern half of Indiana comprised the Diocese of Fort Wayne. On 28 March 1898 the episcopal diocese was transferred from Vincennes to Indianapolis, and the Diocese of Vincennes became the Diocese of Indianapolis. In 1944 Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese and founded two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The city of Vincennes, the former", "id": "4928244" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary () is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States of America. It was founded on December 17, 1956, by Pope Pius XII. It is one of four suffragan dioceses of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Its ecclesiastic territory includes Lake, Porter, LaPorte, and Starke counties in northwestern Indiana. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of the Holy Angels in Gary, Indiana. During the first half of the 20th century, many Catholic immigrants", "id": "17635414" }, { "contents": "Red Cedar River (Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Red Cedar River in northwestern Wisconsin is a tributary of the Chippewa River. According to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the river flows approximately 100 miles from southwestern Sawyer County to its confluence with the Chippewa southeast of Dunnville in southern Dunn County. It drains portions of eight Wisconsin counties: Barron, Chippewa, Dunn, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn. Important tributaries include the Chetek River and the Hay River. Important settlements along the river's course include Cameron, Rice Lake, Colfax,", "id": "2013455" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\n, he chose Indianapolis, the state capital of Indiana and the largest city in the diocese, as the new seat of the episcopal see. Between 1837 and 1882 seventy-five priests were ordained at St. Francis Xavier, including Michael E. Shawe, the first priest ordained in Indiana. In 1898 the episcopal see was moved to Indianapolis and it became the Diocese of Indianapolis. Bishop Chatard was its first bishop. St. Francis Xavier remained under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Indianapolis from 1898 to 1944, when Pope Pius XII elevated", "id": "1660117" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln () is a Catholic diocese in Nebraska, United States, and comprises the majority of the eastern and central portions of the state south of the Platte River. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Omaha. The episcopal see is in Lincoln, Nebraska. Bishop James D. Conley is the current ordinary of the Diocese. The Cathedral of the Risen Christ is the cathedral parish of the diocese. The diocese was established on August 2, 1887, by Pope Leo XIII from the territory", "id": "18992119" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná () is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Concordia and Gualeguaychú. On 13 June 1859, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of Paraná from the Diocese of Buenos Aires. It lost territory to the Diocese of Santa Fe when it was created in 1897 and the Diocese of Corrientes in 1910. The Diocese of Paraná was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope Pius XI on 20 April 1934. It lost territory two more times when the dioceses of Gualeguaychú (1957) and Concordia (1961", "id": "14584212" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nDiocese of Indianapolis. Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese in 1944, and erected two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The Diocese of Gary, Indiana, was erected in 1956. The Evansville Diocese absorbed the city of Vincennes upon its creation. The first four Bishops of Vincennes resided at the seat of the episcopal diocese in Vincennes. Their remains are buried in the crypt of St. Francis Xavier Basilica, Vincennes. Bishop Chatard, who resided in Indianapolis and also served", "id": "4928227" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kumba\n\n\nThe Diocese of Kumba (Latin: \"Diocesis Kumbana;\" French: \"Diocèse de Kumba\") is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the African country of Cameroon. Headquartered in Kumba, the diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart and its bishop is Agapitus Enuyehnyoh Nfon. The diocese was created on 15 March 2016 by Pope Francis from territory in the Diocese of Buéa, and it is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Bamenda. On 15 March 2016, Pope Francis established the Diocese of Kumba", "id": "4860060" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grass Valley\n\n\nThe Diocese of Grass Valley () now a titular see, was formerly a residential diocese of the Catholic Church located in northeastern California, United States. The diocese also included most of Nevada, and, early in its history, Utah and part of Colorado. The particular church that became the Diocese of Grass Valley was erected in by Pope Pius IX in 1860 as the Vicariate Apostolic of Marysville from territory formerly belonging to the Archdiocese of San Francisco, of which it was a suffragan see. In 1868, the see city", "id": "1681182" }, { "contents": "James Patrick Powers\n\n\nJames Patrick Powers (born February 6, 1953) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church and the eleventh bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin. Powers was born in Baldwin, Wisconsin on February 6, 1953. He graduated from St. Croix Central High School, in Hammond, Wisconsin, and from Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Powers was ordained a priest of the Superior Diocese on May 20, 1990. He served as administrator of the diocese from December 2014 to February 2016,", "id": "11695981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Teggiano-Policastro\n\n\nThe Italian Latin Catholic Diocese of (Diano-)Teggiano-Policastro (), in Campania, has existed since 1850, under its present name since 1986. In that year the Diocese of Diano-Teggiano was united with the diocese of Policastro. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno. Its cathedral episcopal see is the Marian Cattedrale di S. Maria Maggiore e S. Michele Arcangelo, in Teggiano. The current bishop is Antonio De Luca. On 29 September 1850, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of", "id": "18017079" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth is a Latin Church Roman Catholic diocese in England. The episcopal see is in the city of Plymouth, Devon, where the bishop's seat (cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church of St Mary and St Boniface. Erected as the Diocese of Plymouth in 1850 by Pope Pius IX, from the Apostolic Vicariate of the Western District, the diocese has remained jurisdictionally constant since. Since 1965, the diocese has been a suffragan see of the Ecclesiastical Province of Southwark; before then, from", "id": "8307114" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson (, ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the southwestern region of the United States. It is a suffragan see of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santa Fe. The diocese was recently led by its seventh bishop, Most Reverend Gerald Frederick Kicanas, who retired on October 3, 2017. The See city for the diocese is Tucson, Arizona, and its cathedral parish is the St. Augustine. Another church of special interest is the Mission San Xavier del Bac, also", "id": "7747261" }, { "contents": "Diocese of Rochester\n\n\n) were added to Rochester, while all West Kent parishes except those in the Rochester Deanery were transferred to the Diocese of Canterbury. In May 1877, Essex and Hertfordshire became part of the newly created Diocese of St Albans. On 1 August 1877, the Diocese of Rochester gained some northern parts of Surrey from the Diocese of Winchester which were later transferred to the Diocese of Southwark at its creation in 1905. The present diocesan bishop, the Bishop of Rochester, is James Langstaff. The diocese also has a suffragan bishop:", "id": "3447784" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the Ecclesiastical Province of Cincinnati covering 23 counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The episcopal see of the diocese is situated at Columbus. The diocese was erected on March 3, 1868 by Pope Pius IX out of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. On October 21, 1944 the diocese lost territory when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Steubenville. The Catholic faith was brought in the area by the Dominican Order in Somerset. They established St. Joseph's Parish", "id": "6750859" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral (Alexandria, Louisiana)\n\n\n, and the clock was installed in 1908. Because of the newly constructed church and Alexandria's central location, Bishop Cornelius Van de Ven petitioned the Roman Curia to transfer the seat of the diocese from Natchitoches to Alexandria. Pope Pius X created the suffragan Diocese of Alexandria on . St. Francis Xavier Church was elevated to the rank of cathedral of the newly created diocese. The current bishop of Alexandria is Sede Vacante, and the rector of the cathedral is Father James A. Ferguson. The cathedral's rose windows are the largest in", "id": "16556508" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of Ohio. Pope Pius IX erected the diocese April 23, 1847, in territory taken from the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The diocese lost territory in 1910 when Pope Pius X erected the Diocese of Toledo, and in 1943 when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Youngstown. It is currently the 17th-largest diocese in the United States by population, encompassing the counties of Ashland, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Medina,", "id": "6750690" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pavia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Pavia () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It has been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan only since 1817. Previous to the reorganization of the hierarchy in northern Italy by Pope Pius VII after the expulsion of the French and the Congress of Vienna, the diocese of Pavia had depended directly upon the Holy See, despite repeated failed attempts on the part of the Archbishops of Milan to claim control. The diocese has produced one Pope and Patriarch of Venice, and three cardinals. The", "id": "9177548" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza () is an archdiocese located in the city of Fortaleza in Brazil. On June 6, 1854, it was established by Pope Pius IX, as the Diocese of Ceará from the Diocese of Olinda. Formerly a part of the Diocese of Pernambuco, the district was erected into a separate diocese, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Bahia. João Guerino Gomes was named as first bishop but did not accept the appointment. Father Gomes, who was famous in his day both as an orator and as", "id": "5595432" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lansing\n\n\nThe Catholic Diocese of Lansing () is located in Lansing, Michigan. It encompasses an area of including the counties of Clinton, Eaton, Genesee, Hillsdale, Ingham, Jackson, Lenawee, Livingston, Shiawassee and Washtenaw. It is a suffragan diocese of the ecclesiastical province of Detroit. Pope Pius XI created the Diocese of Lansing May 22, 1937 by taking territory from the Archdiocese of Detroit. In July 1971, Pope Paul VI separated territory from the Lansing Diocese and territory from the Diocese of Grand Rapids to form the", "id": "4281991" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza () is in Argentina and is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Neuquén and San Rafael. On 20 April 1934, Pope Pius XI established the Diocese of Mendoza from the Diocese of San Juan de Cuyo. It lost territory to the Diocese of San Rafael when it was created in 1961. At the same time, the Diocese of Mendoza was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope John XXIII on 10 April 1961./small On 5 May 2017, Kosaka Kumiko, a Japanese-Argentinian nun,", "id": "15288343" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City () is the Roman Catholic diocese for the northwestern quarter of the US state of Iowa. The diocese comprises 24 counties in northwestern Iowa, and it covers an area of . The See city for the diocese is Sioux City. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The cathedral parish for this diocese is the Epiphany. R. Walker Nickless was ordained as bishop of Sioux City on 20 January 2006. On 24 July, 1900, Pope Leo XIII issued a papal bull", "id": "394842" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis\n\n\nlater period the church first came into the area with the arrival of missionaries and European settlers. The original see was canonically erected by Pope Pius IX on July 19, 1850 as the Diocese of Saint Paul of Minnesota, a suffragan episcopal see of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis. The Diocese's territory was taken from that of Dubuque, and its authority spread over all of Minnesota Territory, which consisted of the area which now composes the states of Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota and also comprises the modern archdiocese's ecclesiastical", "id": "7457113" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Sherborne\n\n\nThe Bishop of Sherborne is an episcopal title which takes its name from the market town of Sherborne in Dorset, England. The see of Sherborne was established in around 705 by St Aldhelm, the Abbot of Malmesbury. This see was the mother diocese of the greater part of southwestern England in Saxon times, but after the Norman Conquest was incorporated into the new Diocese of Salisbury. The title Bishop of Sherborne is now used by the Church of England for a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Salisbury. In 1925, the title", "id": "4184192" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\nthe episcopal see to the Archdiocese of Indianapolis and established two new suffragan diocese in Indiana: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. On 14 March 1970 Pope Paul VI raised the status of St. Francis Xavier Cathedral to a basilica. The present Greek Revival-style basilica dates from 1826, making it the oldest Catholic church in Indiana. It was built on or near the site of two earlier churches. The first chapel, a crude structure measuring 22 feet by 66 feet, with log posts, mud daub,", "id": "1660118" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Caserta\n\n\nThe Diocese of Caserta () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Campania, southern Italy. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Naples. In 1818 Pope Pius VII united this see with the diocese of Caiazzo, but Pope Pius IX made them separate sees. In 2013 in the diocese of Caserta there was one priest for every 1,703 Catholics. It is not known when Caserta became an episcopal see. The first-known bishop was Ranulfo whose election in 1113 was confirmed by Senne, Archbishop of Capua. \"Erected", "id": "16395150" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia\n\n\nThe Italian Catholic Diocese of Pescia () is in Tuscany. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Pisa. In 1519 Pope Leo X withdrew Pescia from the archdiocese of Lucca, raising it to the dignity of a prelacy nullius; and in 1726 it was made a diocese, suffragan of Pisa. Its first bishop was Bartolommeo Pucci (1728). Others were Francesco Vicenti (1773–1801), and Giulio Serafini. On 25 November 2015, Pope Francis appointed as the new Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia,", "id": "15933634" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur\n\n\nLumpur was dedicated to St John the evangelist in 1883, and would be later known as St. John's Cathedral, the Mother Church of Kuala Lumpur. In 1955, the Diocese of Malacca became a Metropolitan Archdiocese, with the newly formed Diocese of Penang and Diocese of Kuala Lumpur as its suffragan sees. Bishop Dominic Vendargon was appointed as the first Bishop of Kuala Lumpur, and was ordained in the same year. In 1972, the Diocese of Kuala Lumpur was elevated into an Archdiocese, with the suffragan dioceses of Penang and", "id": "14666462" }, { "contents": "WESTconsin Credit Union\n\n\nanyone who lives or works in the Wisconsin counties of Barron, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Dunn, Eau Claire, Jackson, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau or Washburn, or the Minnesota counties of Anoka, Chisago, Dakota, Goodhue, Isanti, Ramsey, Wabasha, and Washington with a $5 deposit in a membership share (savings) account. Presently, \"WEST\"consin Credit Union has five fully operational high school offices that are located in Amery,", "id": "1182556" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zamboanga\n\n\nthe future city of Zamboanga. On January 20, 1933, Pope Pius XI divided Mindanao into two areas. Southern Mindanao including the Sulu Archipelago became under the jurisdiction of Zamboanga. Northern Mindanao became under the Diocese of Cagayan de Oro. In 1951 Cagayan de Oro became an archdiocese, the first in the island of Mindanao. All episcopal jurisdictions in Mindanao and Sulu, including Zamboanga, became suffragans of this archdiocese. The Diocese of Zamboanga was further divided when the Prelature Nullius of Davao was established and separated in 1949; the", "id": "18254813" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiavari\n\n\nThe Diocese of Chiavari () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Liguria, northern Italy. It was created on 3 December 1892 by Pope Leo XIII in the Bull \"Romani Pontifices\". It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Genoa. Chiavari became an episcopal see in 1892, but until 1896 it was administered by Tommaso Reggio, the Archbishop of Genoa, to which diocese it originally belonged, through his Auxiliary Bishop and Vicar General, Fortunato Vinelli, titular bishop of Epiphania (Cilicia, Ottoman Empire). The", "id": "15328930" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of El Paso\n\n\nwest Texas were served by travelling priests in car and horseback. After Pinto's efforts, Catholic parishes began to flourish in El Paso. On 3 March 1914, Pope Pius X established the Diocese of El Paso as a suffragan see of Santa Fe. The diocese covered nearly in West Texas and southern New Mexico and was created from parts of the dioceses of Dallas, San Antonio and Tucson. Jesuit priest Father John J. Brown was appointed bishop of the newly created diocese on 22 January 1915 but resigned before his scheduled consecration.", "id": "18993686" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai (; ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Municipality of Shanghai, China. It was erected on December 13, 1933 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Shanghai by Pope Pius XI, and was later elevated to the rank of a diocese on April 11, 1946 by Pope Pius XII. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Nanking. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is St. Ignatius Cathedral; it also houses a minor basilica in Sheshan", "id": "15983488" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta is a suffragan Latin Church diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1986. The Diocese of Parramatta is an organisation of the Roman Catholic Church, with responsibility for the western suburbs of Sydney and the Blue Mountains, in New South Wales, Australia. St Patrick's Cathedral, Parramatta, is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Parramatta. On 5 May 2016, Pope Francis appointed Vincent Long Van Nguyen OFM Conv to be its fourth bishop. His installation took place on 16 June 2016", "id": "21254601" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Utah\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Utah is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States, encompassing the state of Utah, less that part of the Four Corners region which is in the Navajoland Area Mission. It includes a small part of northern Arizona. In 1867, the Episcopal Church was the first Protestant church organized in Utah. The diocesan offices and cathedral, St. Mark's Cathedral, are in Salt Lake City. The current bishop is Scott B. Hayashi, whose consecration took place on November 6, 2010 and was installed", "id": "17667064" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton is a suffragan see of Archdiocese of Philadelphia, established on March 3, 1868. The seat of the bishop is St. Peter's Cathedral in Scranton, PA. Other cities in the diocese are Wilkes-Barre, Williamsport, Hazleton, Nanticoke, Carbondale, and Pittston. The diocese comprises Lackawanna, Luzerne, Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne, Tioga, Sullivan, Wyoming, Lycoming, Pike, and Monroe counties, all in the northeastern part of Pennsylvania. The area of the diocese is .", "id": "10915059" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the United States. It comprises the territory of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agaña. The diocese was canonically erected on 8 November 1984 by Pope John Paul II. Its territories were taken from the archdiocese based in Guam. The Diocese of Chalan Kanoa is led by a prelate bishop who pastors the mother church, the Our Lady of Mount Carmel Cathedral on Saipan.", "id": "5619001" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Mantua\n\n\nThe Diocese of Mantua () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It was erected in 804, and is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan. The diocese has produced one Pope and (Latin) Patriarch of Constantinople, and two cardinals. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is the Cathedral of S. Pietro Apostolo; Mantua also contains the Basilica of Sant'Andrea. The last Bishop of Mantua iss Gianmarco Busca, appointed by Pope Francis on June 3, 2016. The bishops emeriti are Egidio", "id": "9176744" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kota Kinabalu\n\n\nafter its see. On 31 May 1976 the vicariate was elevated to a full Diocese of Kota Kinabalu, suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kuching. The diocese lost territories twice, to create its present suffragans : On 23 May 2008, the diocese was elevated to Metropolitan Archdiocese, whose ecclesiastical province comprises the above suffragan dioceses, both formerly part of the original territory of the diocese of Kota Kinabalu: the Diocese of Keningau and the Diocese of Sandakan. On 21 June 2010, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Rev.", "id": "11660795" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\nthe diocese in 1850, Pius IX appointed Bishop William Hogarth, Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District, to be the first bishop of the diocese. The Parish Church of Saint Mary, Newcastle upon Tyne, designed by Augustus Welby Pugin, was selected as the seat for the new bishop, gaining cathedral status. In 1924, Pope Pius XI withdrew the old counties of Cumberland and Westmorland to incorporate them into a newly created Diocese of Lancaster. For this reason, the Lancaster diocese still considers St Cuthbert as one of its principal", "id": "6620884" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nof the Diocese of Wisconsin. In 1870, Fond du Lac was the second largest city in Wisconsin. The remaining counties continued as the Diocese of Wisconsin until 1888, when it was renamed the Diocese of Milwaukee. In 1875, after three elections, John Henry Hobart Brown accepted election as first bishop and was consecrated December 15, 1875 at St. John's Episcopal Church, Cohoes, New York. Brown declared the city of Fond du Lac and St. Paul's Church as the episcopal See. The other viable location was Christ", "id": "2071144" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fond du Lac is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, encompassing the northeastern third of Wisconsin. The diocese contains about 5,700 baptized members worshipping in 37 locations. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). Diocesan offices are in Appleton, Wisconsin. The Diocesan Archives are maintained in Grafton Hall behind the Cathedral in Fond du Lac. Matthew Gunter is its bishop. The roots of the Diocese of Fond du Lac begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians, removing from", "id": "2071141" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spiš\n\n\nThe Diocese of Spiš (, ) is a Roman Catholic diocese in northern Slovakia. It covers central and eastern parts of the Žilina Region and western part of the Prešov Region. Its seat is in Spišská Kapitula; the diocese covers an area of 7,802 km² with 583,633 people of which 76.6% are of Catholic faith (2004). The current bishop is Štefan Sečka. The diocese was established on 13 March 1776 as a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Esztergom. In 1804, its metropolitan was changed to the Archdiocese of Eger", "id": "12385676" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Salford\n\n\n-Elizabethan English dioceses of which one of these was the diocese of Salford and went on to take up the reins of part of the former Vicariate Apostolic of the Lancashire District. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but a further development was its assignment under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, to a newly created Province of Liverpool. At the diocese's creation the territory assigned to it was the hundreds of Salford and Blackburn. The diocese currently covers an", "id": "3729210" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering twenty-eight counties in Kansas. Pope Pius XII created the diocese on May 19, 1951. John B. Brungardt was appointed Bishop of Dodge City in December 2010. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City encompasses 23,000-square-miles, and 50 parishes in 28 counties. It was established in 1951 from parts of the Diocese of Wichita, the Diocese of Leavenworth, and the Vicariate Apostolic of the Indian Territory established July 19, 1850. At that", "id": "17635532" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It comprises that part of South Dakota east of the Missouri River. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Paul J. Swain. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Sioux Falls. The cathedral parish is St. Joseph Cathedral. On August 12, 1879 Pope Leo XIII established the Vicariate Apostolic of Dakota from territory taken from the Diocese of", "id": "18993545" } ]

[ { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior () encompasses the city of Superior and the counties of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Lincoln, Oneida, Price, Polk, Rusk, Sawyer, St. Croix, Taylor, Vilas, and Washburn in northern Wisconsin, with an area of . Its episcopal see is Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is its mother church. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The diocese was established on May 3, 1905 by", "id": "9474213" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nPope Pius X. It was created from the northern part of the Diocese of La Crosse and the northwestern part of the Diocese of Green Bay, with Augustine Francis Schinner as the first bishop. Prior to the official founding of the diocese in 1905, there had already been a rich history of Catholicism in the region. Centuries earlier, Catholic missionaries had forged a dynamic presence throughout the Lake Superior region of Wisconsin. The early history of Catholicism in the state of Wisconsin started within the territory that the Diocese of Superior now encompasses,", "id": "9474214" }, { "contents": "List of museums in Wisconsin\n\n\nMarathon, Marquette, Menominee, Milwaukee, Oconto, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan Counties in the north central and northwest area: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Langlade, Lincoln, Oneida, Polk, Price, Rusk, Sawyer, Taylor, Vilas, Washburn South central and southwest area along the Mississippi and Chippewa rivers: Buffalo, Chippewa, Crawford, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Jackson, La Crosse, Pepin, Pierce, St. Croix, Trempealeau, Vernon South", "id": "7014980" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nserved for one year as pastor of St. Hubertus parish at Hubertus, Wisconsin. From 1887 to 1893 he was a member of the faculty of St. Francis Seminary. From 1893 to 1905, he served as chancellor and vicar general of the archdiocese of Milwaukee, appointed by Archbishop Frederick Katzer. The Diocese of Superior was established on May 3, 1905, formed from portions of the Diocese of Green Bay and the Diocese of La Crosse. On May 13, 1905, Pope Pius X appointed Schinner the first Bishop of the newly", "id": "5250913" }, { "contents": "United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin\n\n\nheld at Madison. The district comprises the following counties: Adams, Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Green, Iowa, Iron, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, La Crosse, Lafayette, Lincoln, Marathon, Monroe, Oneida, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Portage, Price, Richland, Rock, Rusk, Sauk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Vilas, Washburn and", "id": "19092884" }, { "contents": "2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin\n\n\na total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark (partial), Douglas, Iron, Langlade (partial), Lincoln, Marathon, Oneida, Polk, Portage, Price, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Washburn and Wood. The district is currently represented by Sean Duffy, a Republican. The PVI of the district is R+8. Duffy is running for reelection. The 8th congressional district includes Green Bay and Appleton. It", "id": "2566179" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nAugustine Francis Schinner (May 1, 1863 – February 7, 1937) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the first Bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin (1905-1913) and first Bishop of the Diocese of Spokane, Washington (1914-1925). Schinner was educated at St. Francis Seminary in Wisconsin, and was ordained to the priesthood on March 7, 1886, by Archbishop Michael Heiss of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee at the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist. He", "id": "5250912" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse\n\n\nthe Workman. The Diocese of La Crosse was established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868, from territory that was taken from what was then the Diocese of Milwaukee. It included the part of Wisconsin lying north and west of the Wisconsin River. Michael Heiss, then head of St. Francis Seminary, Milwaukee, was named the first bishop of the La Crosse episcopal see. On May 3, 1905, the territory of the Dioceses of La Crosse and Green Bay was brought together to form the Diocese of Superior,", "id": "6320305" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nuntil the formation of the Diocese of Lacrosse, and the Diocese of Green Bay, which then served the northern region. Finally, in 1905, the Diocese of Superior was created by Pope Pius X, encompassing 16 counties in northern Wisconsin. The oldest Catholic congregation in the state of Wisconsin (in continuous operation to the present-day) is within the Diocese of Superior. On July 27, 1836, Fr. Frederic Baraga arrived at La Pointe, and immediately set to work, building a log church. Fr.", "id": "9474218" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane\n\n\n, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese. The episcopal see was subsequently moved to Seattle, and the diocese was renamed the Diocese of Seattle in 1907. With a growing population in Spokane and other areas of Eastern Washington, church leadership in Seattle realized that a new diocese needed to be formed, and the Diocese of Spokane was canonically erected by Pope Pius X on December 17, 1913. The diocese's first bishop was Augustine Francis Schinner, the bishop emeritus of the Diocese of", "id": "6861839" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 25\n\n\nThe 25th District of the Wisconsin Senate is located in far north-western Wisconsin, and is currently composed of part or all of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Price, Sawyer, Vilas and Washburn counties. The district area is a mostly rural, and covers more land and more counties than any other district in Wisconsin. Janet Bewley is the senator serving the 25th district. She was elected to a four-year term in 2014. Before serving as a senator, she held an office", "id": "19471671" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nBaraga, like the Jesuit missionaries before him, had success evangelizing the native people. His congregation at La Pointe grew, and also included many early European immigrants, primarily French Fur Traders. In 1838, Fr. Baraga built a larger church at La Pointe, on the spot of the present-day location of \"St. Joseph's Catholic Church\". The first Bishop to serve the Diocese of Superior was Augustine Francis Schinner, who was consecrated as Bishop on July 25, 1905. Bishop Schinner faced many challenges, as", "id": "9474219" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\ncreated diocese. He was ordained a bishop on July 25, 1905. Traveling by train with an entourage of over 60 priests from Milwaukee, he arrived at Ashland, Wisconsin, traveled to the Apostle Islands on a short boat tour, and then continued on to Superior. There were 39 diocesan priests, 17 religious order priests serving 38,861 Catholics in 43 parishes with resident pastors, and 50 missions and 33 stations. For Catholic schools, there was 1 high school, 16 elementary and 2 boarding schools with a total enrollment of", "id": "5250914" }, { "contents": "Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway\n\n\nthe Mississippi River, it lies within parts of eight counties in Wisconsin: Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Pierce, Polk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn; and three in Minnesota: Chisago, Pine, and Washington. The upper St. Croix is a nationally renowned smallmouth bass fishery. Other fish species present in the riverway include walleye, northern pike, sturgeon, muskellunge, and catfish. The Namekagon River upstream of Hayward, Wisconsin is well known for its brown and brook trout fishing. Besides fishing, the riverway", "id": "10086875" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento\n\n\nmother church of the diocese, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament. Originally a major part of the defunct Grass Valley Diocese (which included several counties in northern California and Nevada), the present-day diocese was established by Pope Leo XIII on May 28, 1886. Today, the See of Sacramento remains a ceremonial suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the Dioceses of Honolulu, Las Vegas, Oakland, Reno, Salt Lake City, San Jose, Santa Rosa and Stockton", "id": "4599392" }, { "contents": "Saint Raphael's Cathedral (Madison, Wisconsin)\n\n\nthe state capitol. In 1853, Father Francis Etchmann began constructing the most recent church building. The cornerstone was laid on May 28, 1854 by Bishop John Henni of the Diocese of Milwaukee. He dedicated the new building because the parish was under his jurisdiction at the time. The spire and bells were added in 1885. On January 9, 1946, Pope Pius XII created the Diocese of Madison for an 11-county area in the southwestern part of the state. Territory was taken from the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and the Diocese of", "id": "1920566" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst in Australia\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst (in Australia) is a Latin Church suffragan diocese of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1865, covering the Central West and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia. The Cathedral of St Michael and St John the Baptist is the episcopal see of the Bishop of Bathurst, presently Michael McKenna. The Diocese of Bathurst was erected by Pope Pius IX on 20 June 1865. Prior to this date, the area was considered within the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Sydney, its present", "id": "21254493" }, { "contents": "Joseph Maria Koudelka\n\n\n29, 1907, Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland and he was ordained on February 25, 1908 with a special ministry to the Slavic community. On June 24, 1911 Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. He was ordained as the first auxiliary bishop of Milwaukee on September 4, 1911. On August 6, 1913, Pope Pius X appointed Koudelka the second bishop of the Diocese of Superior. He was installed at the pro-cathedral of Sacred Heart in", "id": "18330746" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nThe Archdiocese of Milwaukee () is a Roman Catholic archdiocese headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the United States. It encompasses the City of Milwaukee, as well as the counties of Dodge, Fond du Lac, Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Walworth, Washington and Waukesha, all located in Wisconsin. The Archdiocese of Milwaukee is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milwaukee, which includes the suffragan dioceses of Green Bay, La Crosse, Madison, and Superior. , Jerome Edward Listecki is the Archbishop", "id": "9546478" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering nineteen counties in northwestern Ohio. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The See city for the diocese is Toledo. The eighth and current Bishop of Toledo is Daniel Edward Thomas. Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Pius X erected the diocese April 15, 1910, in territory taken from the Diocese of Cleveland. The arms of the See of Toledo are based upon", "id": "6750935" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin's 7th congressional district\n\n\nWisconsin's 7th congressional district is a congressional district of the United States House of Representatives in northwestern and central Wisconsin; it is the largest congressional district in the state geographically, covering 20 counties (in whole or part), for a total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, St. Croix, Chippewa (partial), Clark, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Jackson (partial), Juneau (partial), Langlade, Lincoln, Marathon,", "id": "8780919" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez () is located in the northern Mexican city of the same name, across the Río Grande from El Paso, Texas. It is part of the ecclesiastical province of Chihuahua and is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Chihuahua . The Diocese of Ciudad Juárez was erected by Pope Pius XII on 10 April 1957 from the Diocese of Chihuahua because of the population growth in the northern part of the state of Chihuahua. Pope Pius named Manuel Talamás Camandari as the first bishop, and by 1966", "id": "13992785" }, { "contents": "Superior, Wisconsin\n\n\nSuperior come from the Duluth market: Superior is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Francis Xavier Catholic Church, located in the East End of Superior, has been noted for its architecture. Christ Evangelical Lutheran Church is the only congregation of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod located in Superior. It recently moved from its original location on Belknap Street to a new campus on North 28th Street. Pilgrim Lutheran Church is located", "id": "4103054" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi (\"Dioecesis Uromiensis\") in Uromi, Edo State, Nigeria was created on December 14, 2005, when it was split off from the Archdiocese of Benin City. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Benin City. Its first bishop was Augustine Obiora Akubeze (who was named Archbishop of Benin City in March 2011). The St Anthony of Padua church in Uromi was selected to be its cathedral. The canonical erection of the diocese and the episcopal ordination of the bishop took", "id": "2286692" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the northwestern United States, comprising the northern regions of the state of Alaska. It is led by a bishop who serves as pastor of the mother church, Sacred Heart Cathedral in the City of Fairbanks. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Anchorage. The See of Fairbanks was established from the Prefecture Apostolic of Alaska on July 27, 1894, which was created from the Diocese of Vancouver Island. It was", "id": "7747608" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough () is a suffragan Latin diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kingston, Ontario that includes part of the federal Province of Ontario in inland Canada. Its episcopal see is the Cathedral of Saint Peter-in-Chains in Peterborough, Ontario. On March 10, 2017, the Pope named former Hamilton Auxiliary Bishop Daniel J. Miehm as the new Bishop of Peterborough. Established on 25 January 1874 as Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Canada, on territory split off from the Diocese of Kingston", "id": "5387249" }, { "contents": "Catholic Diocese of Guiratinga\n\n\nThe Diocese of Guiratinga (Dioecesis Guiratingensis) was a former ecclesiastical circumscription of the Catholic Church in Brazil, belonging to the Ecclesiastical Province of Cuiabá and the West II Regional Bishops' Council of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil, being a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cuiabá. The episcopal see is the Cathedral St. John the Baptist in the city of Guiratinga in the state of Mato Grosso. The Prelature Registry Araguaia (Territorialis Praelatura Registrensis or Territorialis Praelatura registration Araguaia) was erected on May 12, 1914 by Pope Pius X", "id": "4926427" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America encompassing the northwestern third of Wisconsin. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). The faith community comprises 20 interdependent congregations, mostly small and rural. The see and diocesan offices are in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, with Christ Church Cathedral as the mother church. Christ Church in La Crosse is the largest church in the diocese. The roots of the Diocese of Eau Claire begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians", "id": "2071071" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Motherwell\n\n\nCumbernauld and the area of Auchinloch) and South Lanarkshire. The diocese, along with the Diocese of Paisley, was erected as a Suffragan See by the Apostolic Constitution \"Maxime interest\" on 25 May 1947. The new See took part of the Archdiocese of Glasgow (becoming its Suffragan See) and part of the Diocese of Galloway. At present the diocese is vacant. The most recent Bishop of Motherwell was the Right Reverend Joseph Devine, whose resignation was accepted by Pope Francis on 30 May 2013. On Tuesday 29 April", "id": "3729293" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 28\n\n\nBayfield), Pepin, Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix Counties. The first Senator from the 28th was William Wilson of Menomonie, who served in the 1857 session (the tenth session of the Wisconsin Legislature). The district has also been represented by: As of the redistricting of 1861, the 28th now consisted of Ashland, Burnett, Dallas (later renamed Barron), Douglas, La Pointe (later renamed Bayfield), Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix counties (it was not changed in the redistricting of", "id": "2063122" }, { "contents": "List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Northern Ireland\n\n\nIn the Roman Catholic Church, the entirety of Northern Ireland is comprehended by the ecclesiastical province of Armagh. The eponymous archdiocese and five of its suffragan dioceses cover the area of Northern Ireland. The diocesan and archdiocesan boundaries are not coterminous with the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Only two dioceses are entirely contained within Northern Ireland: Down and Connor and the Diocese of Dromore. Three dioceses and the Archdiocese of Armagh straddle the border. The Archdiocese and its suffragans are all part of the Episcopal conference of Ireland", "id": "14015256" }, { "contents": "Anglican Bishop of Nottingham\n\n\nThe Anglican Bishop of Nottingham was an episcopal title used by a Church of England suffragan bishop. The title took its name after the county town of Nottingham and was first created under the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534. Until 1837, Nottingham had been part of the Diocese of York, when it then became part of the Diocese of Lincoln. With the creation of the Diocese of Southwell in 1884, Nottingham became part of that diocese, but the then- (and final) bishop remained suffragan to Lincoln. Since 2005, Nottingham gives", "id": "20176138" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell () is an ecclesiastical diocese of the Catholic Church in Scotland. The diocese, which was erected on 25 May 1947 by Pope Pius XII from the Archdiocese of Glasgow, along with the Diocese of Paisley which was erected on the same day, remains one of two suffragan sees under the Archdiocese. On Tuesday 29 April 2014 - the Feast of St Catherine of Siena - Pope Francis appointed Joseph Toal as the fifth Bishop of Motherwell. In 2004, the Catholic population, proportionately the largest in", "id": "16456386" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nnative people, and baptized over 1,000 converts. During this time, the region was being overseen by French Catholic leaders in Quebec, which became a diocese in 1674, encompassing all of North America east of the Mississippi River. In 1791, the region was transferred to the Diocese of Baltimore, which was the first Catholic diocese created in the then-newly formed United States. In 1843, the Diocese of Milwaukee was established, and consisted of the entire state of Wisconsin. Northern Wisconsin remained within the Diocese of Milwaukee,", "id": "9474217" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nEpiscopal Diocese of Milwaukee, originally the Diocese of Wisconsin is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America located in the southern area of Wisconsin. It is in Province V (for the Midwest region). The Rt. Reverend Steven Miller is the bishop. The see city is Milwaukee. Cathedral Church of All Saints, Milwaukee is the mother church. The diocese was formed after Jackson Kemper was named the Episcopal Church's first missionary bishop and oversaw the church's mission to the Northwest Territories from 1835 to", "id": "2071175" }, { "contents": "Joseph G. Pinten\n\n\nvicar general, in 1919 purchased dormitory property of Northern Normal College and donated it to the diocese to use as a church with conditions that it be named after Saint Michael and that the new parish build a school. On November 30, 1921, Pope Benedict XV appointed Pinten the third bishop of the Superior Diocese. He was ordained bishop on May 3, 1922 at St. Peter Cathedral with Archbishop Sebastian Messmer of Milwaukee presiding. The next day an enthronement ceremony was held a Sacred Heart pro-cathedral in Superior. After his", "id": "18330981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kansas City–Saint Joseph\n\n\nXIII established the Diocese of Kansas City, with territories taken from the Archdiocese of St. Louis. Its first bishop was John Joseph Hogan. On July 2, 1956, the diocese incorporated part of the territory of the Diocese of Saint Joseph, which had been established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868. On the same date in 1956 part of the Diocese of Kansas City's territory went to establish the Diocese of Jefferson City and the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau. The diocese received its present name and boundaries", "id": "13839607" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Kerry\n\n\nThe Bishop of Kerry is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kerry, one of the suffragan dioceses of the Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly in Ireland. The Episcopal see changed its name from Ardfert and Aghadoe to Kerry on 20 December 1952. The bishop's seat (Cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church Saint Mary, Killarney. The current bishop is the Most Reverend Raymond Browne who was appointed Bishop of Kerry by Pope Francis on 2 May 2013 and received episcopal consecration at St Mary's Cathedral, Killarney on 21", "id": "20835420" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle\n\n\nas a result by 1850 the Diocese of Walla Walla was abandoned and its merged-in territory administered from Oregon City. On May 31, 1850, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese, with Augustin Blanchet as bishop. In January 1851, Augustin Blanchet dedicated St. James Church near Fort Vancouver as the new diocese's cathedral. A new St. James Cathedral was built in Vancouver, Washington in 1885. In 1903 Bishop Edward O'Dea, realizing that Vancouver was no longer the economic and", "id": "6861805" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nthe head of the new diocese, including the need to recruit priests to serve the growing number of parishes throughout the diocese. By the time Bishop Schinner resigned as the bishop of Superior in 1913, he saw the pool of priests grow from 39 diocesan priests in 1905 to 62 in 1913. Today, there are now 105 parishes within the Diocese of Superior. The following is a list of the Roman Catholic Bishops of the Diocese of Superior and their years of service: The Diocese of Superior has a membership of 73,638 Catholics", "id": "9474220" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Northern California. The diocese comprises Alameda and Contra Costa Counties in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Cathedral of Christ the Light serves as the bishop's seat, replacing the Cathedral of Saint Francis de Sales which was demolished after the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989. Once a part of the Archdiocese of San Francisco, the Diocese of Oakland remains a suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the", "id": "4599275" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\ndioceses which did not formally claim any continuity with the pre-Elizabethan English dioceses were created. The Vicariate Apostolic of the Northern District was duly elevated to diocese status as the Diocese of Hexham. On 23 May 1861 the diocese became the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, it was assigned to the newly created Province of Liverpool. The present diocese covers an area of 7,700 km²", "id": "3501975" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\n1859. He became provisional bishop of Wisconsin from 1847 to 1854 and first bishop of the Diocese of Wisconsin from 1854 to 1870. In 1875, the Diocese of Fond du Lac was created to serve the northeastern 26 counties of the state. The Diocese of Eau Claire, was carved out of the diocese in 1928 for the counties in the northwestern part of Wisconsin. The Diocese of Wisconsin became the Diocese of Milwaukee in 1886. Over the last few years the membership has declined from 15,000 to 11,000. Nashotah House, in", "id": "2071176" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson\n\n\nThe Diocese of Paterson is a diocese of the Roman Rite of the Latin Catholic Church in the United States, which includes three counties in northern New Jersey: Passaic, Morris, and Sussex. The city of Paterson, third-largest in the state of New Jersey, was chosen as the episcopal see, even though the vast majority of diocesan territory lies west of the city. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Newark, and is part of Region III of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. The", "id": "14672461" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay () was established on March 3, 1868, by Pope Pius IX. It covers the city of Green Bay, as well as Brown, Calumet, Door, Florence, Forest, Kewaunee, Langlade, Manitowoc, Marinette, Menominee, Oconto, Outagamie, Shawano, Waupaca, Waushara and Winnebago counties in Wisconsin. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The earliest trace of the Catholic faith in the Green Bay area was in 1634. Jesuits followed Jean Nicolet to", "id": "9417148" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering the parishes of northern Louisiana, and a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. Its bishop is part of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and belongs to Conference Region V (which includes Alabama, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee). Its mother church is the Cathedral of Saint John Berchmans, in Shreveport. The Diocese of Shreveport was canonically erected on June 16, 1986 when Pope John Paul II split the former Diocese of", "id": "18926928" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids () is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in western Michigan, in the United States. It comprises 102 churches in 11 counties in West Michigan. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Detroit. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of Saint Andrew. On April 18, 2013, Pope Francis accepted Bishop Walter A. Hurley's resignation and appointed the Rev. David J. Walkowiak to be the twelfth Bishop of Grand Rapids. The diocese was created from territory taken from", "id": "221824" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Suacia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Svač (, , ) was a bishopric with see in the town of Svač (Latinized as Suacia), which is today the village lying to the east of Ulcinj in Montenegro that is called in Serbian Шас, in Croat Šas and in Albanian Shas. The area was part of the late Roman province of Dalmatia Superior, and the Catholic Church, which includes the diocese in its list of Latin titular sees, accordingly treats it as a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Doclea. The diocese of Svač (", "id": "4011385" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck () is a Roman Catholic diocese in North Dakota. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop David Kagan. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Bismarck. The Cathedral parish of the diocese is Cathedral of the Holy Spirit. On December 31, 1909 Saint Pius X established the Diocese of Bismarck. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Fargo. The list of bishops of the diocese and their terms of service", "id": "18993019" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fiesole\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fiesole () is a Roman Catholic diocese in Tuscany, central Italy, whose episcopal see is the city of Fiesole. Fiesole was directly subject to the pope until 1420, when the archdiocese of Florence was created and Fiesole was made one of its suffragan bishops. It is still a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Florence. According to local legend the Gospel was first preached at Fiesole by Messius Romulus, said to have been a disciple of St. Peter. Documentary evidence, however, is from the 9th and", "id": "3288239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangalore\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Bangalore () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in India. It was erected as the Diocese of Bangalore on 13 February 1940 by Pope Pius XII, and elevated to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese on 19 September 1953, with the suffragan sees of Belgaum, Bellary, Chikmagalur, Gulbarga, Karwar, Mangalore, Udupi, Mysore, and Shimoga. The archdiocese's mother church and thus seat of its archbishop is the St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral; Bangalore also houses", "id": "9571833" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City () is a Roman Catholic diocese in western South Dakota, United States. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Robert Dwayne Gruss. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Rapid City. The Cathedral parish is the Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. On August 6, 1902 Saint Pius X established the diocese as the Diocese of Lead. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Sioux Falls. The", "id": "18993239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong is a suffragan Latin Rite diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1951, covering the Illawarra and Southern Highlands regions of New South Wales, Australia. St Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Wollongong is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Wollongong, currently Brian Mascord. On 15 November 1951, Pope Pius XII announced that a new diocese would be created from the two archdioceses of Sydney and Canberra & Goulburn. To be named Wollongong, the diocese was officially established on 11 February 1952.", "id": "21254634" }, { "contents": "Cathedral of Christ the King (Superior, Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Cathedral of Christ the King is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior in Superior, Wisconsin. It was named in honor of Christ the King. The building is located at 1111 Belknap Street in Superior. When the Diocese of Superior was established in 1905 Sacred Heart church, which had been established in the 1880s, was designated the pro-cathedral. Sacred Heart continued in this function until 1926. The cathedral construction project was announced in February 1926 and the groundbreaking occurred on June 23, 1926. Bishop", "id": "2884619" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nsuffragan sees were erected in Indiana and Illinois. In 1843 the Illinois portion of the diocese became the Diocese of Chicago. On 8 January 1857 the northern half of Indiana comprised the Diocese of Fort Wayne. On 28 March 1898 the episcopal diocese was transferred from Vincennes to Indianapolis, and the Diocese of Vincennes became the Diocese of Indianapolis. In 1944 Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese and founded two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The city of Vincennes, the former", "id": "4928244" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary () is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States of America. It was founded on December 17, 1956, by Pope Pius XII. It is one of four suffragan dioceses of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Its ecclesiastic territory includes Lake, Porter, LaPorte, and Starke counties in northwestern Indiana. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of the Holy Angels in Gary, Indiana. During the first half of the 20th century, many Catholic immigrants", "id": "17635414" }, { "contents": "Red Cedar River (Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Red Cedar River in northwestern Wisconsin is a tributary of the Chippewa River. According to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the river flows approximately 100 miles from southwestern Sawyer County to its confluence with the Chippewa southeast of Dunnville in southern Dunn County. It drains portions of eight Wisconsin counties: Barron, Chippewa, Dunn, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn. Important tributaries include the Chetek River and the Hay River. Important settlements along the river's course include Cameron, Rice Lake, Colfax,", "id": "2013455" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\n, he chose Indianapolis, the state capital of Indiana and the largest city in the diocese, as the new seat of the episcopal see. Between 1837 and 1882 seventy-five priests were ordained at St. Francis Xavier, including Michael E. Shawe, the first priest ordained in Indiana. In 1898 the episcopal see was moved to Indianapolis and it became the Diocese of Indianapolis. Bishop Chatard was its first bishop. St. Francis Xavier remained under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Indianapolis from 1898 to 1944, when Pope Pius XII elevated", "id": "1660117" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln () is a Catholic diocese in Nebraska, United States, and comprises the majority of the eastern and central portions of the state south of the Platte River. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Omaha. The episcopal see is in Lincoln, Nebraska. Bishop James D. Conley is the current ordinary of the Diocese. The Cathedral of the Risen Christ is the cathedral parish of the diocese. The diocese was established on August 2, 1887, by Pope Leo XIII from the territory", "id": "18992119" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná () is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Concordia and Gualeguaychú. On 13 June 1859, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of Paraná from the Diocese of Buenos Aires. It lost territory to the Diocese of Santa Fe when it was created in 1897 and the Diocese of Corrientes in 1910. The Diocese of Paraná was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope Pius XI on 20 April 1934. It lost territory two more times when the dioceses of Gualeguaychú (1957) and Concordia (1961", "id": "14584212" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nDiocese of Indianapolis. Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese in 1944, and erected two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The Diocese of Gary, Indiana, was erected in 1956. The Evansville Diocese absorbed the city of Vincennes upon its creation. The first four Bishops of Vincennes resided at the seat of the episcopal diocese in Vincennes. Their remains are buried in the crypt of St. Francis Xavier Basilica, Vincennes. Bishop Chatard, who resided in Indianapolis and also served", "id": "4928227" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kumba\n\n\nThe Diocese of Kumba (Latin: \"Diocesis Kumbana;\" French: \"Diocèse de Kumba\") is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the African country of Cameroon. Headquartered in Kumba, the diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart and its bishop is Agapitus Enuyehnyoh Nfon. The diocese was created on 15 March 2016 by Pope Francis from territory in the Diocese of Buéa, and it is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Bamenda. On 15 March 2016, Pope Francis established the Diocese of Kumba", "id": "4860060" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grass Valley\n\n\nThe Diocese of Grass Valley () now a titular see, was formerly a residential diocese of the Catholic Church located in northeastern California, United States. The diocese also included most of Nevada, and, early in its history, Utah and part of Colorado. The particular church that became the Diocese of Grass Valley was erected in by Pope Pius IX in 1860 as the Vicariate Apostolic of Marysville from territory formerly belonging to the Archdiocese of San Francisco, of which it was a suffragan see. In 1868, the see city", "id": "1681182" }, { "contents": "James Patrick Powers\n\n\nJames Patrick Powers (born February 6, 1953) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church and the eleventh bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin. Powers was born in Baldwin, Wisconsin on February 6, 1953. He graduated from St. Croix Central High School, in Hammond, Wisconsin, and from Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Powers was ordained a priest of the Superior Diocese on May 20, 1990. He served as administrator of the diocese from December 2014 to February 2016,", "id": "11695981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Teggiano-Policastro\n\n\nThe Italian Latin Catholic Diocese of (Diano-)Teggiano-Policastro (), in Campania, has existed since 1850, under its present name since 1986. In that year the Diocese of Diano-Teggiano was united with the diocese of Policastro. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno. Its cathedral episcopal see is the Marian Cattedrale di S. Maria Maggiore e S. Michele Arcangelo, in Teggiano. The current bishop is Antonio De Luca. On 29 September 1850, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of", "id": "18017079" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth is a Latin Church Roman Catholic diocese in England. The episcopal see is in the city of Plymouth, Devon, where the bishop's seat (cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church of St Mary and St Boniface. Erected as the Diocese of Plymouth in 1850 by Pope Pius IX, from the Apostolic Vicariate of the Western District, the diocese has remained jurisdictionally constant since. Since 1965, the diocese has been a suffragan see of the Ecclesiastical Province of Southwark; before then, from", "id": "8307114" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson (, ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the southwestern region of the United States. It is a suffragan see of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santa Fe. The diocese was recently led by its seventh bishop, Most Reverend Gerald Frederick Kicanas, who retired on October 3, 2017. The See city for the diocese is Tucson, Arizona, and its cathedral parish is the St. Augustine. Another church of special interest is the Mission San Xavier del Bac, also", "id": "7747261" }, { "contents": "Diocese of Rochester\n\n\n) were added to Rochester, while all West Kent parishes except those in the Rochester Deanery were transferred to the Diocese of Canterbury. In May 1877, Essex and Hertfordshire became part of the newly created Diocese of St Albans. On 1 August 1877, the Diocese of Rochester gained some northern parts of Surrey from the Diocese of Winchester which were later transferred to the Diocese of Southwark at its creation in 1905. The present diocesan bishop, the Bishop of Rochester, is James Langstaff. The diocese also has a suffragan bishop:", "id": "3447784" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the Ecclesiastical Province of Cincinnati covering 23 counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The episcopal see of the diocese is situated at Columbus. The diocese was erected on March 3, 1868 by Pope Pius IX out of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. On October 21, 1944 the diocese lost territory when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Steubenville. The Catholic faith was brought in the area by the Dominican Order in Somerset. They established St. Joseph's Parish", "id": "6750859" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral (Alexandria, Louisiana)\n\n\n, and the clock was installed in 1908. Because of the newly constructed church and Alexandria's central location, Bishop Cornelius Van de Ven petitioned the Roman Curia to transfer the seat of the diocese from Natchitoches to Alexandria. Pope Pius X created the suffragan Diocese of Alexandria on . St. Francis Xavier Church was elevated to the rank of cathedral of the newly created diocese. The current bishop of Alexandria is Sede Vacante, and the rector of the cathedral is Father James A. Ferguson. The cathedral's rose windows are the largest in", "id": "16556508" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of Ohio. Pope Pius IX erected the diocese April 23, 1847, in territory taken from the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The diocese lost territory in 1910 when Pope Pius X erected the Diocese of Toledo, and in 1943 when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Youngstown. It is currently the 17th-largest diocese in the United States by population, encompassing the counties of Ashland, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Medina,", "id": "6750690" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pavia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Pavia () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It has been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan only since 1817. Previous to the reorganization of the hierarchy in northern Italy by Pope Pius VII after the expulsion of the French and the Congress of Vienna, the diocese of Pavia had depended directly upon the Holy See, despite repeated failed attempts on the part of the Archbishops of Milan to claim control. The diocese has produced one Pope and Patriarch of Venice, and three cardinals. The", "id": "9177548" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza () is an archdiocese located in the city of Fortaleza in Brazil. On June 6, 1854, it was established by Pope Pius IX, as the Diocese of Ceará from the Diocese of Olinda. Formerly a part of the Diocese of Pernambuco, the district was erected into a separate diocese, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Bahia. João Guerino Gomes was named as first bishop but did not accept the appointment. Father Gomes, who was famous in his day both as an orator and as", "id": "5595432" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lansing\n\n\nThe Catholic Diocese of Lansing () is located in Lansing, Michigan. It encompasses an area of including the counties of Clinton, Eaton, Genesee, Hillsdale, Ingham, Jackson, Lenawee, Livingston, Shiawassee and Washtenaw. It is a suffragan diocese of the ecclesiastical province of Detroit. Pope Pius XI created the Diocese of Lansing May 22, 1937 by taking territory from the Archdiocese of Detroit. In July 1971, Pope Paul VI separated territory from the Lansing Diocese and territory from the Diocese of Grand Rapids to form the", "id": "4281991" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza () is in Argentina and is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Neuquén and San Rafael. On 20 April 1934, Pope Pius XI established the Diocese of Mendoza from the Diocese of San Juan de Cuyo. It lost territory to the Diocese of San Rafael when it was created in 1961. At the same time, the Diocese of Mendoza was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope John XXIII on 10 April 1961./small On 5 May 2017, Kosaka Kumiko, a Japanese-Argentinian nun,", "id": "15288343" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City () is the Roman Catholic diocese for the northwestern quarter of the US state of Iowa. The diocese comprises 24 counties in northwestern Iowa, and it covers an area of . The See city for the diocese is Sioux City. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The cathedral parish for this diocese is the Epiphany. R. Walker Nickless was ordained as bishop of Sioux City on 20 January 2006. On 24 July, 1900, Pope Leo XIII issued a papal bull", "id": "394842" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis\n\n\nlater period the church first came into the area with the arrival of missionaries and European settlers. The original see was canonically erected by Pope Pius IX on July 19, 1850 as the Diocese of Saint Paul of Minnesota, a suffragan episcopal see of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis. The Diocese's territory was taken from that of Dubuque, and its authority spread over all of Minnesota Territory, which consisted of the area which now composes the states of Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota and also comprises the modern archdiocese's ecclesiastical", "id": "7457113" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Sherborne\n\n\nThe Bishop of Sherborne is an episcopal title which takes its name from the market town of Sherborne in Dorset, England. The see of Sherborne was established in around 705 by St Aldhelm, the Abbot of Malmesbury. This see was the mother diocese of the greater part of southwestern England in Saxon times, but after the Norman Conquest was incorporated into the new Diocese of Salisbury. The title Bishop of Sherborne is now used by the Church of England for a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Salisbury. In 1925, the title", "id": "4184192" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\nthe episcopal see to the Archdiocese of Indianapolis and established two new suffragan diocese in Indiana: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. On 14 March 1970 Pope Paul VI raised the status of St. Francis Xavier Cathedral to a basilica. The present Greek Revival-style basilica dates from 1826, making it the oldest Catholic church in Indiana. It was built on or near the site of two earlier churches. The first chapel, a crude structure measuring 22 feet by 66 feet, with log posts, mud daub,", "id": "1660118" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Caserta\n\n\nThe Diocese of Caserta () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Campania, southern Italy. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Naples. In 1818 Pope Pius VII united this see with the diocese of Caiazzo, but Pope Pius IX made them separate sees. In 2013 in the diocese of Caserta there was one priest for every 1,703 Catholics. It is not known when Caserta became an episcopal see. The first-known bishop was Ranulfo whose election in 1113 was confirmed by Senne, Archbishop of Capua. \"Erected", "id": "16395150" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia\n\n\nThe Italian Catholic Diocese of Pescia () is in Tuscany. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Pisa. In 1519 Pope Leo X withdrew Pescia from the archdiocese of Lucca, raising it to the dignity of a prelacy nullius; and in 1726 it was made a diocese, suffragan of Pisa. Its first bishop was Bartolommeo Pucci (1728). Others were Francesco Vicenti (1773–1801), and Giulio Serafini. On 25 November 2015, Pope Francis appointed as the new Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia,", "id": "15933634" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur\n\n\nLumpur was dedicated to St John the evangelist in 1883, and would be later known as St. John's Cathedral, the Mother Church of Kuala Lumpur. In 1955, the Diocese of Malacca became a Metropolitan Archdiocese, with the newly formed Diocese of Penang and Diocese of Kuala Lumpur as its suffragan sees. Bishop Dominic Vendargon was appointed as the first Bishop of Kuala Lumpur, and was ordained in the same year. In 1972, the Diocese of Kuala Lumpur was elevated into an Archdiocese, with the suffragan dioceses of Penang and", "id": "14666462" }, { "contents": "WESTconsin Credit Union\n\n\nanyone who lives or works in the Wisconsin counties of Barron, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Dunn, Eau Claire, Jackson, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau or Washburn, or the Minnesota counties of Anoka, Chisago, Dakota, Goodhue, Isanti, Ramsey, Wabasha, and Washington with a $5 deposit in a membership share (savings) account. Presently, \"WEST\"consin Credit Union has five fully operational high school offices that are located in Amery,", "id": "1182556" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zamboanga\n\n\nthe future city of Zamboanga. On January 20, 1933, Pope Pius XI divided Mindanao into two areas. Southern Mindanao including the Sulu Archipelago became under the jurisdiction of Zamboanga. Northern Mindanao became under the Diocese of Cagayan de Oro. In 1951 Cagayan de Oro became an archdiocese, the first in the island of Mindanao. All episcopal jurisdictions in Mindanao and Sulu, including Zamboanga, became suffragans of this archdiocese. The Diocese of Zamboanga was further divided when the Prelature Nullius of Davao was established and separated in 1949; the", "id": "18254813" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiavari\n\n\nThe Diocese of Chiavari () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Liguria, northern Italy. It was created on 3 December 1892 by Pope Leo XIII in the Bull \"Romani Pontifices\". It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Genoa. Chiavari became an episcopal see in 1892, but until 1896 it was administered by Tommaso Reggio, the Archbishop of Genoa, to which diocese it originally belonged, through his Auxiliary Bishop and Vicar General, Fortunato Vinelli, titular bishop of Epiphania (Cilicia, Ottoman Empire). The", "id": "15328930" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of El Paso\n\n\nwest Texas were served by travelling priests in car and horseback. After Pinto's efforts, Catholic parishes began to flourish in El Paso. On 3 March 1914, Pope Pius X established the Diocese of El Paso as a suffragan see of Santa Fe. The diocese covered nearly in West Texas and southern New Mexico and was created from parts of the dioceses of Dallas, San Antonio and Tucson. Jesuit priest Father John J. Brown was appointed bishop of the newly created diocese on 22 January 1915 but resigned before his scheduled consecration.", "id": "18993686" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai (; ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Municipality of Shanghai, China. It was erected on December 13, 1933 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Shanghai by Pope Pius XI, and was later elevated to the rank of a diocese on April 11, 1946 by Pope Pius XII. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Nanking. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is St. Ignatius Cathedral; it also houses a minor basilica in Sheshan", "id": "15983488" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta is a suffragan Latin Church diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1986. The Diocese of Parramatta is an organisation of the Roman Catholic Church, with responsibility for the western suburbs of Sydney and the Blue Mountains, in New South Wales, Australia. St Patrick's Cathedral, Parramatta, is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Parramatta. On 5 May 2016, Pope Francis appointed Vincent Long Van Nguyen OFM Conv to be its fourth bishop. His installation took place on 16 June 2016", "id": "21254601" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Utah\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Utah is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States, encompassing the state of Utah, less that part of the Four Corners region which is in the Navajoland Area Mission. It includes a small part of northern Arizona. In 1867, the Episcopal Church was the first Protestant church organized in Utah. The diocesan offices and cathedral, St. Mark's Cathedral, are in Salt Lake City. The current bishop is Scott B. Hayashi, whose consecration took place on November 6, 2010 and was installed", "id": "17667064" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton is a suffragan see of Archdiocese of Philadelphia, established on March 3, 1868. The seat of the bishop is St. Peter's Cathedral in Scranton, PA. Other cities in the diocese are Wilkes-Barre, Williamsport, Hazleton, Nanticoke, Carbondale, and Pittston. The diocese comprises Lackawanna, Luzerne, Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne, Tioga, Sullivan, Wyoming, Lycoming, Pike, and Monroe counties, all in the northeastern part of Pennsylvania. The area of the diocese is .", "id": "10915059" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the United States. It comprises the territory of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agaña. The diocese was canonically erected on 8 November 1984 by Pope John Paul II. Its territories were taken from the archdiocese based in Guam. The Diocese of Chalan Kanoa is led by a prelate bishop who pastors the mother church, the Our Lady of Mount Carmel Cathedral on Saipan.", "id": "5619001" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Mantua\n\n\nThe Diocese of Mantua () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It was erected in 804, and is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan. The diocese has produced one Pope and (Latin) Patriarch of Constantinople, and two cardinals. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is the Cathedral of S. Pietro Apostolo; Mantua also contains the Basilica of Sant'Andrea. The last Bishop of Mantua iss Gianmarco Busca, appointed by Pope Francis on June 3, 2016. The bishops emeriti are Egidio", "id": "9176744" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kota Kinabalu\n\n\nafter its see. On 31 May 1976 the vicariate was elevated to a full Diocese of Kota Kinabalu, suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kuching. The diocese lost territories twice, to create its present suffragans : On 23 May 2008, the diocese was elevated to Metropolitan Archdiocese, whose ecclesiastical province comprises the above suffragan dioceses, both formerly part of the original territory of the diocese of Kota Kinabalu: the Diocese of Keningau and the Diocese of Sandakan. On 21 June 2010, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Rev.", "id": "11660795" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\nthe diocese in 1850, Pius IX appointed Bishop William Hogarth, Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District, to be the first bishop of the diocese. The Parish Church of Saint Mary, Newcastle upon Tyne, designed by Augustus Welby Pugin, was selected as the seat for the new bishop, gaining cathedral status. In 1924, Pope Pius XI withdrew the old counties of Cumberland and Westmorland to incorporate them into a newly created Diocese of Lancaster. For this reason, the Lancaster diocese still considers St Cuthbert as one of its principal", "id": "6620884" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nof the Diocese of Wisconsin. In 1870, Fond du Lac was the second largest city in Wisconsin. The remaining counties continued as the Diocese of Wisconsin until 1888, when it was renamed the Diocese of Milwaukee. In 1875, after three elections, John Henry Hobart Brown accepted election as first bishop and was consecrated December 15, 1875 at St. John's Episcopal Church, Cohoes, New York. Brown declared the city of Fond du Lac and St. Paul's Church as the episcopal See. The other viable location was Christ", "id": "2071144" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fond du Lac is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, encompassing the northeastern third of Wisconsin. The diocese contains about 5,700 baptized members worshipping in 37 locations. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). Diocesan offices are in Appleton, Wisconsin. The Diocesan Archives are maintained in Grafton Hall behind the Cathedral in Fond du Lac. Matthew Gunter is its bishop. The roots of the Diocese of Fond du Lac begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians, removing from", "id": "2071141" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spiš\n\n\nThe Diocese of Spiš (, ) is a Roman Catholic diocese in northern Slovakia. It covers central and eastern parts of the Žilina Region and western part of the Prešov Region. Its seat is in Spišská Kapitula; the diocese covers an area of 7,802 km² with 583,633 people of which 76.6% are of Catholic faith (2004). The current bishop is Štefan Sečka. The diocese was established on 13 March 1776 as a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Esztergom. In 1804, its metropolitan was changed to the Archdiocese of Eger", "id": "12385676" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Salford\n\n\n-Elizabethan English dioceses of which one of these was the diocese of Salford and went on to take up the reins of part of the former Vicariate Apostolic of the Lancashire District. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but a further development was its assignment under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, to a newly created Province of Liverpool. At the diocese's creation the territory assigned to it was the hundreds of Salford and Blackburn. The diocese currently covers an", "id": "3729210" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering twenty-eight counties in Kansas. Pope Pius XII created the diocese on May 19, 1951. John B. Brungardt was appointed Bishop of Dodge City in December 2010. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City encompasses 23,000-square-miles, and 50 parishes in 28 counties. It was established in 1951 from parts of the Diocese of Wichita, the Diocese of Leavenworth, and the Vicariate Apostolic of the Indian Territory established July 19, 1850. At that", "id": "17635532" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It comprises that part of South Dakota east of the Missouri River. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Paul J. Swain. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Sioux Falls. The cathedral parish is St. Joseph Cathedral. On August 12, 1879 Pope Leo XIII established the Vicariate Apostolic of Dakota from territory taken from the Diocese of", "id": "18993545" } ]

[ { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior () encompasses the city of Superior and the counties of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Lincoln, Oneida, Price, Polk, Rusk, Sawyer, St. Croix, Taylor, Vilas, and Washburn in northern Wisconsin, with an area of . Its episcopal see is Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is its mother church. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The diocese was established on May 3, 1905 by", "id": "9474213" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nPope Pius X. It was created from the northern part of the Diocese of La Crosse and the northwestern part of the Diocese of Green Bay, with Augustine Francis Schinner as the first bishop. Prior to the official founding of the diocese in 1905, there had already been a rich history of Catholicism in the region. Centuries earlier, Catholic missionaries had forged a dynamic presence throughout the Lake Superior region of Wisconsin. The early history of Catholicism in the state of Wisconsin started within the territory that the Diocese of Superior now encompasses,", "id": "9474214" }, { "contents": "List of museums in Wisconsin\n\n\nMarathon, Marquette, Menominee, Milwaukee, Oconto, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan Counties in the north central and northwest area: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Langlade, Lincoln, Oneida, Polk, Price, Rusk, Sawyer, Taylor, Vilas, Washburn South central and southwest area along the Mississippi and Chippewa rivers: Buffalo, Chippewa, Crawford, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Jackson, La Crosse, Pepin, Pierce, St. Croix, Trempealeau, Vernon South", "id": "7014980" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nserved for one year as pastor of St. Hubertus parish at Hubertus, Wisconsin. From 1887 to 1893 he was a member of the faculty of St. Francis Seminary. From 1893 to 1905, he served as chancellor and vicar general of the archdiocese of Milwaukee, appointed by Archbishop Frederick Katzer. The Diocese of Superior was established on May 3, 1905, formed from portions of the Diocese of Green Bay and the Diocese of La Crosse. On May 13, 1905, Pope Pius X appointed Schinner the first Bishop of the newly", "id": "5250913" }, { "contents": "United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin\n\n\nheld at Madison. The district comprises the following counties: Adams, Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Green, Iowa, Iron, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, La Crosse, Lafayette, Lincoln, Marathon, Monroe, Oneida, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Portage, Price, Richland, Rock, Rusk, Sauk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Vilas, Washburn and", "id": "19092884" }, { "contents": "2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin\n\n\na total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark (partial), Douglas, Iron, Langlade (partial), Lincoln, Marathon, Oneida, Polk, Portage, Price, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Washburn and Wood. The district is currently represented by Sean Duffy, a Republican. The PVI of the district is R+8. Duffy is running for reelection. The 8th congressional district includes Green Bay and Appleton. It", "id": "2566179" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nAugustine Francis Schinner (May 1, 1863 – February 7, 1937) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the first Bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin (1905-1913) and first Bishop of the Diocese of Spokane, Washington (1914-1925). Schinner was educated at St. Francis Seminary in Wisconsin, and was ordained to the priesthood on March 7, 1886, by Archbishop Michael Heiss of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee at the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist. He", "id": "5250912" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse\n\n\nthe Workman. The Diocese of La Crosse was established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868, from territory that was taken from what was then the Diocese of Milwaukee. It included the part of Wisconsin lying north and west of the Wisconsin River. Michael Heiss, then head of St. Francis Seminary, Milwaukee, was named the first bishop of the La Crosse episcopal see. On May 3, 1905, the territory of the Dioceses of La Crosse and Green Bay was brought together to form the Diocese of Superior,", "id": "6320305" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nuntil the formation of the Diocese of Lacrosse, and the Diocese of Green Bay, which then served the northern region. Finally, in 1905, the Diocese of Superior was created by Pope Pius X, encompassing 16 counties in northern Wisconsin. The oldest Catholic congregation in the state of Wisconsin (in continuous operation to the present-day) is within the Diocese of Superior. On July 27, 1836, Fr. Frederic Baraga arrived at La Pointe, and immediately set to work, building a log church. Fr.", "id": "9474218" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane\n\n\n, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese. The episcopal see was subsequently moved to Seattle, and the diocese was renamed the Diocese of Seattle in 1907. With a growing population in Spokane and other areas of Eastern Washington, church leadership in Seattle realized that a new diocese needed to be formed, and the Diocese of Spokane was canonically erected by Pope Pius X on December 17, 1913. The diocese's first bishop was Augustine Francis Schinner, the bishop emeritus of the Diocese of", "id": "6861839" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 25\n\n\nThe 25th District of the Wisconsin Senate is located in far north-western Wisconsin, and is currently composed of part or all of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Price, Sawyer, Vilas and Washburn counties. The district area is a mostly rural, and covers more land and more counties than any other district in Wisconsin. Janet Bewley is the senator serving the 25th district. She was elected to a four-year term in 2014. Before serving as a senator, she held an office", "id": "19471671" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nBaraga, like the Jesuit missionaries before him, had success evangelizing the native people. His congregation at La Pointe grew, and also included many early European immigrants, primarily French Fur Traders. In 1838, Fr. Baraga built a larger church at La Pointe, on the spot of the present-day location of \"St. Joseph's Catholic Church\". The first Bishop to serve the Diocese of Superior was Augustine Francis Schinner, who was consecrated as Bishop on July 25, 1905. Bishop Schinner faced many challenges, as", "id": "9474219" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\ncreated diocese. He was ordained a bishop on July 25, 1905. Traveling by train with an entourage of over 60 priests from Milwaukee, he arrived at Ashland, Wisconsin, traveled to the Apostle Islands on a short boat tour, and then continued on to Superior. There were 39 diocesan priests, 17 religious order priests serving 38,861 Catholics in 43 parishes with resident pastors, and 50 missions and 33 stations. For Catholic schools, there was 1 high school, 16 elementary and 2 boarding schools with a total enrollment of", "id": "5250914" }, { "contents": "Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway\n\n\nthe Mississippi River, it lies within parts of eight counties in Wisconsin: Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Pierce, Polk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn; and three in Minnesota: Chisago, Pine, and Washington. The upper St. Croix is a nationally renowned smallmouth bass fishery. Other fish species present in the riverway include walleye, northern pike, sturgeon, muskellunge, and catfish. The Namekagon River upstream of Hayward, Wisconsin is well known for its brown and brook trout fishing. Besides fishing, the riverway", "id": "10086875" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento\n\n\nmother church of the diocese, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament. Originally a major part of the defunct Grass Valley Diocese (which included several counties in northern California and Nevada), the present-day diocese was established by Pope Leo XIII on May 28, 1886. Today, the See of Sacramento remains a ceremonial suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the Dioceses of Honolulu, Las Vegas, Oakland, Reno, Salt Lake City, San Jose, Santa Rosa and Stockton", "id": "4599392" }, { "contents": "Saint Raphael's Cathedral (Madison, Wisconsin)\n\n\nthe state capitol. In 1853, Father Francis Etchmann began constructing the most recent church building. The cornerstone was laid on May 28, 1854 by Bishop John Henni of the Diocese of Milwaukee. He dedicated the new building because the parish was under his jurisdiction at the time. The spire and bells were added in 1885. On January 9, 1946, Pope Pius XII created the Diocese of Madison for an 11-county area in the southwestern part of the state. Territory was taken from the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and the Diocese of", "id": "1920566" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst in Australia\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst (in Australia) is a Latin Church suffragan diocese of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1865, covering the Central West and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia. The Cathedral of St Michael and St John the Baptist is the episcopal see of the Bishop of Bathurst, presently Michael McKenna. The Diocese of Bathurst was erected by Pope Pius IX on 20 June 1865. Prior to this date, the area was considered within the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Sydney, its present", "id": "21254493" }, { "contents": "Joseph Maria Koudelka\n\n\n29, 1907, Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland and he was ordained on February 25, 1908 with a special ministry to the Slavic community. On June 24, 1911 Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. He was ordained as the first auxiliary bishop of Milwaukee on September 4, 1911. On August 6, 1913, Pope Pius X appointed Koudelka the second bishop of the Diocese of Superior. He was installed at the pro-cathedral of Sacred Heart in", "id": "18330746" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nThe Archdiocese of Milwaukee () is a Roman Catholic archdiocese headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the United States. It encompasses the City of Milwaukee, as well as the counties of Dodge, Fond du Lac, Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Walworth, Washington and Waukesha, all located in Wisconsin. The Archdiocese of Milwaukee is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milwaukee, which includes the suffragan dioceses of Green Bay, La Crosse, Madison, and Superior. , Jerome Edward Listecki is the Archbishop", "id": "9546478" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering nineteen counties in northwestern Ohio. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The See city for the diocese is Toledo. The eighth and current Bishop of Toledo is Daniel Edward Thomas. Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Pius X erected the diocese April 15, 1910, in territory taken from the Diocese of Cleveland. The arms of the See of Toledo are based upon", "id": "6750935" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin's 7th congressional district\n\n\nWisconsin's 7th congressional district is a congressional district of the United States House of Representatives in northwestern and central Wisconsin; it is the largest congressional district in the state geographically, covering 20 counties (in whole or part), for a total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, St. Croix, Chippewa (partial), Clark, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Jackson (partial), Juneau (partial), Langlade, Lincoln, Marathon,", "id": "8780919" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez () is located in the northern Mexican city of the same name, across the Río Grande from El Paso, Texas. It is part of the ecclesiastical province of Chihuahua and is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Chihuahua . The Diocese of Ciudad Juárez was erected by Pope Pius XII on 10 April 1957 from the Diocese of Chihuahua because of the population growth in the northern part of the state of Chihuahua. Pope Pius named Manuel Talamás Camandari as the first bishop, and by 1966", "id": "13992785" }, { "contents": "Superior, Wisconsin\n\n\nSuperior come from the Duluth market: Superior is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Francis Xavier Catholic Church, located in the East End of Superior, has been noted for its architecture. Christ Evangelical Lutheran Church is the only congregation of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod located in Superior. It recently moved from its original location on Belknap Street to a new campus on North 28th Street. Pilgrim Lutheran Church is located", "id": "4103054" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi (\"Dioecesis Uromiensis\") in Uromi, Edo State, Nigeria was created on December 14, 2005, when it was split off from the Archdiocese of Benin City. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Benin City. Its first bishop was Augustine Obiora Akubeze (who was named Archbishop of Benin City in March 2011). The St Anthony of Padua church in Uromi was selected to be its cathedral. The canonical erection of the diocese and the episcopal ordination of the bishop took", "id": "2286692" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the northwestern United States, comprising the northern regions of the state of Alaska. It is led by a bishop who serves as pastor of the mother church, Sacred Heart Cathedral in the City of Fairbanks. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Anchorage. The See of Fairbanks was established from the Prefecture Apostolic of Alaska on July 27, 1894, which was created from the Diocese of Vancouver Island. It was", "id": "7747608" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough () is a suffragan Latin diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kingston, Ontario that includes part of the federal Province of Ontario in inland Canada. Its episcopal see is the Cathedral of Saint Peter-in-Chains in Peterborough, Ontario. On March 10, 2017, the Pope named former Hamilton Auxiliary Bishop Daniel J. Miehm as the new Bishop of Peterborough. Established on 25 January 1874 as Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Canada, on territory split off from the Diocese of Kingston", "id": "5387249" }, { "contents": "Catholic Diocese of Guiratinga\n\n\nThe Diocese of Guiratinga (Dioecesis Guiratingensis) was a former ecclesiastical circumscription of the Catholic Church in Brazil, belonging to the Ecclesiastical Province of Cuiabá and the West II Regional Bishops' Council of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil, being a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cuiabá. The episcopal see is the Cathedral St. John the Baptist in the city of Guiratinga in the state of Mato Grosso. The Prelature Registry Araguaia (Territorialis Praelatura Registrensis or Territorialis Praelatura registration Araguaia) was erected on May 12, 1914 by Pope Pius X", "id": "4926427" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America encompassing the northwestern third of Wisconsin. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). The faith community comprises 20 interdependent congregations, mostly small and rural. The see and diocesan offices are in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, with Christ Church Cathedral as the mother church. Christ Church in La Crosse is the largest church in the diocese. The roots of the Diocese of Eau Claire begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians", "id": "2071071" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Motherwell\n\n\nCumbernauld and the area of Auchinloch) and South Lanarkshire. The diocese, along with the Diocese of Paisley, was erected as a Suffragan See by the Apostolic Constitution \"Maxime interest\" on 25 May 1947. The new See took part of the Archdiocese of Glasgow (becoming its Suffragan See) and part of the Diocese of Galloway. At present the diocese is vacant. The most recent Bishop of Motherwell was the Right Reverend Joseph Devine, whose resignation was accepted by Pope Francis on 30 May 2013. On Tuesday 29 April", "id": "3729293" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 28\n\n\nBayfield), Pepin, Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix Counties. The first Senator from the 28th was William Wilson of Menomonie, who served in the 1857 session (the tenth session of the Wisconsin Legislature). The district has also been represented by: As of the redistricting of 1861, the 28th now consisted of Ashland, Burnett, Dallas (later renamed Barron), Douglas, La Pointe (later renamed Bayfield), Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix counties (it was not changed in the redistricting of", "id": "2063122" }, { "contents": "List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Northern Ireland\n\n\nIn the Roman Catholic Church, the entirety of Northern Ireland is comprehended by the ecclesiastical province of Armagh. The eponymous archdiocese and five of its suffragan dioceses cover the area of Northern Ireland. The diocesan and archdiocesan boundaries are not coterminous with the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Only two dioceses are entirely contained within Northern Ireland: Down and Connor and the Diocese of Dromore. Three dioceses and the Archdiocese of Armagh straddle the border. The Archdiocese and its suffragans are all part of the Episcopal conference of Ireland", "id": "14015256" }, { "contents": "Anglican Bishop of Nottingham\n\n\nThe Anglican Bishop of Nottingham was an episcopal title used by a Church of England suffragan bishop. The title took its name after the county town of Nottingham and was first created under the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534. Until 1837, Nottingham had been part of the Diocese of York, when it then became part of the Diocese of Lincoln. With the creation of the Diocese of Southwell in 1884, Nottingham became part of that diocese, but the then- (and final) bishop remained suffragan to Lincoln. Since 2005, Nottingham gives", "id": "20176138" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell () is an ecclesiastical diocese of the Catholic Church in Scotland. The diocese, which was erected on 25 May 1947 by Pope Pius XII from the Archdiocese of Glasgow, along with the Diocese of Paisley which was erected on the same day, remains one of two suffragan sees under the Archdiocese. On Tuesday 29 April 2014 - the Feast of St Catherine of Siena - Pope Francis appointed Joseph Toal as the fifth Bishop of Motherwell. In 2004, the Catholic population, proportionately the largest in", "id": "16456386" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nnative people, and baptized over 1,000 converts. During this time, the region was being overseen by French Catholic leaders in Quebec, which became a diocese in 1674, encompassing all of North America east of the Mississippi River. In 1791, the region was transferred to the Diocese of Baltimore, which was the first Catholic diocese created in the then-newly formed United States. In 1843, the Diocese of Milwaukee was established, and consisted of the entire state of Wisconsin. Northern Wisconsin remained within the Diocese of Milwaukee,", "id": "9474217" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nEpiscopal Diocese of Milwaukee, originally the Diocese of Wisconsin is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America located in the southern area of Wisconsin. It is in Province V (for the Midwest region). The Rt. Reverend Steven Miller is the bishop. The see city is Milwaukee. Cathedral Church of All Saints, Milwaukee is the mother church. The diocese was formed after Jackson Kemper was named the Episcopal Church's first missionary bishop and oversaw the church's mission to the Northwest Territories from 1835 to", "id": "2071175" }, { "contents": "Joseph G. Pinten\n\n\nvicar general, in 1919 purchased dormitory property of Northern Normal College and donated it to the diocese to use as a church with conditions that it be named after Saint Michael and that the new parish build a school. On November 30, 1921, Pope Benedict XV appointed Pinten the third bishop of the Superior Diocese. He was ordained bishop on May 3, 1922 at St. Peter Cathedral with Archbishop Sebastian Messmer of Milwaukee presiding. The next day an enthronement ceremony was held a Sacred Heart pro-cathedral in Superior. After his", "id": "18330981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kansas City–Saint Joseph\n\n\nXIII established the Diocese of Kansas City, with territories taken from the Archdiocese of St. Louis. Its first bishop was John Joseph Hogan. On July 2, 1956, the diocese incorporated part of the territory of the Diocese of Saint Joseph, which had been established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868. On the same date in 1956 part of the Diocese of Kansas City's territory went to establish the Diocese of Jefferson City and the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau. The diocese received its present name and boundaries", "id": "13839607" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Kerry\n\n\nThe Bishop of Kerry is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kerry, one of the suffragan dioceses of the Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly in Ireland. The Episcopal see changed its name from Ardfert and Aghadoe to Kerry on 20 December 1952. The bishop's seat (Cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church Saint Mary, Killarney. The current bishop is the Most Reverend Raymond Browne who was appointed Bishop of Kerry by Pope Francis on 2 May 2013 and received episcopal consecration at St Mary's Cathedral, Killarney on 21", "id": "20835420" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle\n\n\nas a result by 1850 the Diocese of Walla Walla was abandoned and its merged-in territory administered from Oregon City. On May 31, 1850, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese, with Augustin Blanchet as bishop. In January 1851, Augustin Blanchet dedicated St. James Church near Fort Vancouver as the new diocese's cathedral. A new St. James Cathedral was built in Vancouver, Washington in 1885. In 1903 Bishop Edward O'Dea, realizing that Vancouver was no longer the economic and", "id": "6861805" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nthe head of the new diocese, including the need to recruit priests to serve the growing number of parishes throughout the diocese. By the time Bishop Schinner resigned as the bishop of Superior in 1913, he saw the pool of priests grow from 39 diocesan priests in 1905 to 62 in 1913. Today, there are now 105 parishes within the Diocese of Superior. The following is a list of the Roman Catholic Bishops of the Diocese of Superior and their years of service: The Diocese of Superior has a membership of 73,638 Catholics", "id": "9474220" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Northern California. The diocese comprises Alameda and Contra Costa Counties in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Cathedral of Christ the Light serves as the bishop's seat, replacing the Cathedral of Saint Francis de Sales which was demolished after the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989. Once a part of the Archdiocese of San Francisco, the Diocese of Oakland remains a suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the", "id": "4599275" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\ndioceses which did not formally claim any continuity with the pre-Elizabethan English dioceses were created. The Vicariate Apostolic of the Northern District was duly elevated to diocese status as the Diocese of Hexham. On 23 May 1861 the diocese became the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, it was assigned to the newly created Province of Liverpool. The present diocese covers an area of 7,700 km²", "id": "3501975" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\n1859. He became provisional bishop of Wisconsin from 1847 to 1854 and first bishop of the Diocese of Wisconsin from 1854 to 1870. In 1875, the Diocese of Fond du Lac was created to serve the northeastern 26 counties of the state. The Diocese of Eau Claire, was carved out of the diocese in 1928 for the counties in the northwestern part of Wisconsin. The Diocese of Wisconsin became the Diocese of Milwaukee in 1886. Over the last few years the membership has declined from 15,000 to 11,000. Nashotah House, in", "id": "2071176" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson\n\n\nThe Diocese of Paterson is a diocese of the Roman Rite of the Latin Catholic Church in the United States, which includes three counties in northern New Jersey: Passaic, Morris, and Sussex. The city of Paterson, third-largest in the state of New Jersey, was chosen as the episcopal see, even though the vast majority of diocesan territory lies west of the city. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Newark, and is part of Region III of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. The", "id": "14672461" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay () was established on March 3, 1868, by Pope Pius IX. It covers the city of Green Bay, as well as Brown, Calumet, Door, Florence, Forest, Kewaunee, Langlade, Manitowoc, Marinette, Menominee, Oconto, Outagamie, Shawano, Waupaca, Waushara and Winnebago counties in Wisconsin. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The earliest trace of the Catholic faith in the Green Bay area was in 1634. Jesuits followed Jean Nicolet to", "id": "9417148" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering the parishes of northern Louisiana, and a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. Its bishop is part of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and belongs to Conference Region V (which includes Alabama, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee). Its mother church is the Cathedral of Saint John Berchmans, in Shreveport. The Diocese of Shreveport was canonically erected on June 16, 1986 when Pope John Paul II split the former Diocese of", "id": "18926928" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids () is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in western Michigan, in the United States. It comprises 102 churches in 11 counties in West Michigan. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Detroit. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of Saint Andrew. On April 18, 2013, Pope Francis accepted Bishop Walter A. Hurley's resignation and appointed the Rev. David J. Walkowiak to be the twelfth Bishop of Grand Rapids. The diocese was created from territory taken from", "id": "221824" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Suacia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Svač (, , ) was a bishopric with see in the town of Svač (Latinized as Suacia), which is today the village lying to the east of Ulcinj in Montenegro that is called in Serbian Шас, in Croat Šas and in Albanian Shas. The area was part of the late Roman province of Dalmatia Superior, and the Catholic Church, which includes the diocese in its list of Latin titular sees, accordingly treats it as a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Doclea. The diocese of Svač (", "id": "4011385" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck () is a Roman Catholic diocese in North Dakota. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop David Kagan. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Bismarck. The Cathedral parish of the diocese is Cathedral of the Holy Spirit. On December 31, 1909 Saint Pius X established the Diocese of Bismarck. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Fargo. The list of bishops of the diocese and their terms of service", "id": "18993019" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fiesole\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fiesole () is a Roman Catholic diocese in Tuscany, central Italy, whose episcopal see is the city of Fiesole. Fiesole was directly subject to the pope until 1420, when the archdiocese of Florence was created and Fiesole was made one of its suffragan bishops. It is still a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Florence. According to local legend the Gospel was first preached at Fiesole by Messius Romulus, said to have been a disciple of St. Peter. Documentary evidence, however, is from the 9th and", "id": "3288239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangalore\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Bangalore () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in India. It was erected as the Diocese of Bangalore on 13 February 1940 by Pope Pius XII, and elevated to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese on 19 September 1953, with the suffragan sees of Belgaum, Bellary, Chikmagalur, Gulbarga, Karwar, Mangalore, Udupi, Mysore, and Shimoga. The archdiocese's mother church and thus seat of its archbishop is the St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral; Bangalore also houses", "id": "9571833" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City () is a Roman Catholic diocese in western South Dakota, United States. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Robert Dwayne Gruss. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Rapid City. The Cathedral parish is the Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. On August 6, 1902 Saint Pius X established the diocese as the Diocese of Lead. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Sioux Falls. The", "id": "18993239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong is a suffragan Latin Rite diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1951, covering the Illawarra and Southern Highlands regions of New South Wales, Australia. St Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Wollongong is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Wollongong, currently Brian Mascord. On 15 November 1951, Pope Pius XII announced that a new diocese would be created from the two archdioceses of Sydney and Canberra & Goulburn. To be named Wollongong, the diocese was officially established on 11 February 1952.", "id": "21254634" }, { "contents": "Cathedral of Christ the King (Superior, Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Cathedral of Christ the King is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior in Superior, Wisconsin. It was named in honor of Christ the King. The building is located at 1111 Belknap Street in Superior. When the Diocese of Superior was established in 1905 Sacred Heart church, which had been established in the 1880s, was designated the pro-cathedral. Sacred Heart continued in this function until 1926. The cathedral construction project was announced in February 1926 and the groundbreaking occurred on June 23, 1926. Bishop", "id": "2884619" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nsuffragan sees were erected in Indiana and Illinois. In 1843 the Illinois portion of the diocese became the Diocese of Chicago. On 8 January 1857 the northern half of Indiana comprised the Diocese of Fort Wayne. On 28 March 1898 the episcopal diocese was transferred from Vincennes to Indianapolis, and the Diocese of Vincennes became the Diocese of Indianapolis. In 1944 Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese and founded two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The city of Vincennes, the former", "id": "4928244" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary () is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States of America. It was founded on December 17, 1956, by Pope Pius XII. It is one of four suffragan dioceses of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Its ecclesiastic territory includes Lake, Porter, LaPorte, and Starke counties in northwestern Indiana. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of the Holy Angels in Gary, Indiana. During the first half of the 20th century, many Catholic immigrants", "id": "17635414" }, { "contents": "Red Cedar River (Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Red Cedar River in northwestern Wisconsin is a tributary of the Chippewa River. According to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the river flows approximately 100 miles from southwestern Sawyer County to its confluence with the Chippewa southeast of Dunnville in southern Dunn County. It drains portions of eight Wisconsin counties: Barron, Chippewa, Dunn, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn. Important tributaries include the Chetek River and the Hay River. Important settlements along the river's course include Cameron, Rice Lake, Colfax,", "id": "2013455" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\n, he chose Indianapolis, the state capital of Indiana and the largest city in the diocese, as the new seat of the episcopal see. Between 1837 and 1882 seventy-five priests were ordained at St. Francis Xavier, including Michael E. Shawe, the first priest ordained in Indiana. In 1898 the episcopal see was moved to Indianapolis and it became the Diocese of Indianapolis. Bishop Chatard was its first bishop. St. Francis Xavier remained under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Indianapolis from 1898 to 1944, when Pope Pius XII elevated", "id": "1660117" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln () is a Catholic diocese in Nebraska, United States, and comprises the majority of the eastern and central portions of the state south of the Platte River. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Omaha. The episcopal see is in Lincoln, Nebraska. Bishop James D. Conley is the current ordinary of the Diocese. The Cathedral of the Risen Christ is the cathedral parish of the diocese. The diocese was established on August 2, 1887, by Pope Leo XIII from the territory", "id": "18992119" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná () is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Concordia and Gualeguaychú. On 13 June 1859, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of Paraná from the Diocese of Buenos Aires. It lost territory to the Diocese of Santa Fe when it was created in 1897 and the Diocese of Corrientes in 1910. The Diocese of Paraná was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope Pius XI on 20 April 1934. It lost territory two more times when the dioceses of Gualeguaychú (1957) and Concordia (1961", "id": "14584212" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nDiocese of Indianapolis. Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese in 1944, and erected two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The Diocese of Gary, Indiana, was erected in 1956. The Evansville Diocese absorbed the city of Vincennes upon its creation. The first four Bishops of Vincennes resided at the seat of the episcopal diocese in Vincennes. Their remains are buried in the crypt of St. Francis Xavier Basilica, Vincennes. Bishop Chatard, who resided in Indianapolis and also served", "id": "4928227" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kumba\n\n\nThe Diocese of Kumba (Latin: \"Diocesis Kumbana;\" French: \"Diocèse de Kumba\") is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the African country of Cameroon. Headquartered in Kumba, the diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart and its bishop is Agapitus Enuyehnyoh Nfon. The diocese was created on 15 March 2016 by Pope Francis from territory in the Diocese of Buéa, and it is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Bamenda. On 15 March 2016, Pope Francis established the Diocese of Kumba", "id": "4860060" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grass Valley\n\n\nThe Diocese of Grass Valley () now a titular see, was formerly a residential diocese of the Catholic Church located in northeastern California, United States. The diocese also included most of Nevada, and, early in its history, Utah and part of Colorado. The particular church that became the Diocese of Grass Valley was erected in by Pope Pius IX in 1860 as the Vicariate Apostolic of Marysville from territory formerly belonging to the Archdiocese of San Francisco, of which it was a suffragan see. In 1868, the see city", "id": "1681182" }, { "contents": "James Patrick Powers\n\n\nJames Patrick Powers (born February 6, 1953) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church and the eleventh bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin. Powers was born in Baldwin, Wisconsin on February 6, 1953. He graduated from St. Croix Central High School, in Hammond, Wisconsin, and from Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Powers was ordained a priest of the Superior Diocese on May 20, 1990. He served as administrator of the diocese from December 2014 to February 2016,", "id": "11695981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Teggiano-Policastro\n\n\nThe Italian Latin Catholic Diocese of (Diano-)Teggiano-Policastro (), in Campania, has existed since 1850, under its present name since 1986. In that year the Diocese of Diano-Teggiano was united with the diocese of Policastro. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno. Its cathedral episcopal see is the Marian Cattedrale di S. Maria Maggiore e S. Michele Arcangelo, in Teggiano. The current bishop is Antonio De Luca. On 29 September 1850, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of", "id": "18017079" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth is a Latin Church Roman Catholic diocese in England. The episcopal see is in the city of Plymouth, Devon, where the bishop's seat (cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church of St Mary and St Boniface. Erected as the Diocese of Plymouth in 1850 by Pope Pius IX, from the Apostolic Vicariate of the Western District, the diocese has remained jurisdictionally constant since. Since 1965, the diocese has been a suffragan see of the Ecclesiastical Province of Southwark; before then, from", "id": "8307114" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson (, ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the southwestern region of the United States. It is a suffragan see of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santa Fe. The diocese was recently led by its seventh bishop, Most Reverend Gerald Frederick Kicanas, who retired on October 3, 2017. The See city for the diocese is Tucson, Arizona, and its cathedral parish is the St. Augustine. Another church of special interest is the Mission San Xavier del Bac, also", "id": "7747261" }, { "contents": "Diocese of Rochester\n\n\n) were added to Rochester, while all West Kent parishes except those in the Rochester Deanery were transferred to the Diocese of Canterbury. In May 1877, Essex and Hertfordshire became part of the newly created Diocese of St Albans. On 1 August 1877, the Diocese of Rochester gained some northern parts of Surrey from the Diocese of Winchester which were later transferred to the Diocese of Southwark at its creation in 1905. The present diocesan bishop, the Bishop of Rochester, is James Langstaff. The diocese also has a suffragan bishop:", "id": "3447784" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the Ecclesiastical Province of Cincinnati covering 23 counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The episcopal see of the diocese is situated at Columbus. The diocese was erected on March 3, 1868 by Pope Pius IX out of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. On October 21, 1944 the diocese lost territory when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Steubenville. The Catholic faith was brought in the area by the Dominican Order in Somerset. They established St. Joseph's Parish", "id": "6750859" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral (Alexandria, Louisiana)\n\n\n, and the clock was installed in 1908. Because of the newly constructed church and Alexandria's central location, Bishop Cornelius Van de Ven petitioned the Roman Curia to transfer the seat of the diocese from Natchitoches to Alexandria. Pope Pius X created the suffragan Diocese of Alexandria on . St. Francis Xavier Church was elevated to the rank of cathedral of the newly created diocese. The current bishop of Alexandria is Sede Vacante, and the rector of the cathedral is Father James A. Ferguson. The cathedral's rose windows are the largest in", "id": "16556508" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of Ohio. Pope Pius IX erected the diocese April 23, 1847, in territory taken from the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The diocese lost territory in 1910 when Pope Pius X erected the Diocese of Toledo, and in 1943 when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Youngstown. It is currently the 17th-largest diocese in the United States by population, encompassing the counties of Ashland, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Medina,", "id": "6750690" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pavia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Pavia () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It has been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan only since 1817. Previous to the reorganization of the hierarchy in northern Italy by Pope Pius VII after the expulsion of the French and the Congress of Vienna, the diocese of Pavia had depended directly upon the Holy See, despite repeated failed attempts on the part of the Archbishops of Milan to claim control. The diocese has produced one Pope and Patriarch of Venice, and three cardinals. The", "id": "9177548" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza () is an archdiocese located in the city of Fortaleza in Brazil. On June 6, 1854, it was established by Pope Pius IX, as the Diocese of Ceará from the Diocese of Olinda. Formerly a part of the Diocese of Pernambuco, the district was erected into a separate diocese, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Bahia. João Guerino Gomes was named as first bishop but did not accept the appointment. Father Gomes, who was famous in his day both as an orator and as", "id": "5595432" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lansing\n\n\nThe Catholic Diocese of Lansing () is located in Lansing, Michigan. It encompasses an area of including the counties of Clinton, Eaton, Genesee, Hillsdale, Ingham, Jackson, Lenawee, Livingston, Shiawassee and Washtenaw. It is a suffragan diocese of the ecclesiastical province of Detroit. Pope Pius XI created the Diocese of Lansing May 22, 1937 by taking territory from the Archdiocese of Detroit. In July 1971, Pope Paul VI separated territory from the Lansing Diocese and territory from the Diocese of Grand Rapids to form the", "id": "4281991" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza () is in Argentina and is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Neuquén and San Rafael. On 20 April 1934, Pope Pius XI established the Diocese of Mendoza from the Diocese of San Juan de Cuyo. It lost territory to the Diocese of San Rafael when it was created in 1961. At the same time, the Diocese of Mendoza was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope John XXIII on 10 April 1961./small On 5 May 2017, Kosaka Kumiko, a Japanese-Argentinian nun,", "id": "15288343" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City () is the Roman Catholic diocese for the northwestern quarter of the US state of Iowa. The diocese comprises 24 counties in northwestern Iowa, and it covers an area of . The See city for the diocese is Sioux City. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The cathedral parish for this diocese is the Epiphany. R. Walker Nickless was ordained as bishop of Sioux City on 20 January 2006. On 24 July, 1900, Pope Leo XIII issued a papal bull", "id": "394842" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis\n\n\nlater period the church first came into the area with the arrival of missionaries and European settlers. The original see was canonically erected by Pope Pius IX on July 19, 1850 as the Diocese of Saint Paul of Minnesota, a suffragan episcopal see of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis. The Diocese's territory was taken from that of Dubuque, and its authority spread over all of Minnesota Territory, which consisted of the area which now composes the states of Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota and also comprises the modern archdiocese's ecclesiastical", "id": "7457113" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Sherborne\n\n\nThe Bishop of Sherborne is an episcopal title which takes its name from the market town of Sherborne in Dorset, England. The see of Sherborne was established in around 705 by St Aldhelm, the Abbot of Malmesbury. This see was the mother diocese of the greater part of southwestern England in Saxon times, but after the Norman Conquest was incorporated into the new Diocese of Salisbury. The title Bishop of Sherborne is now used by the Church of England for a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Salisbury. In 1925, the title", "id": "4184192" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\nthe episcopal see to the Archdiocese of Indianapolis and established two new suffragan diocese in Indiana: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. On 14 March 1970 Pope Paul VI raised the status of St. Francis Xavier Cathedral to a basilica. The present Greek Revival-style basilica dates from 1826, making it the oldest Catholic church in Indiana. It was built on or near the site of two earlier churches. The first chapel, a crude structure measuring 22 feet by 66 feet, with log posts, mud daub,", "id": "1660118" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Caserta\n\n\nThe Diocese of Caserta () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Campania, southern Italy. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Naples. In 1818 Pope Pius VII united this see with the diocese of Caiazzo, but Pope Pius IX made them separate sees. In 2013 in the diocese of Caserta there was one priest for every 1,703 Catholics. It is not known when Caserta became an episcopal see. The first-known bishop was Ranulfo whose election in 1113 was confirmed by Senne, Archbishop of Capua. \"Erected", "id": "16395150" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia\n\n\nThe Italian Catholic Diocese of Pescia () is in Tuscany. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Pisa. In 1519 Pope Leo X withdrew Pescia from the archdiocese of Lucca, raising it to the dignity of a prelacy nullius; and in 1726 it was made a diocese, suffragan of Pisa. Its first bishop was Bartolommeo Pucci (1728). Others were Francesco Vicenti (1773–1801), and Giulio Serafini. On 25 November 2015, Pope Francis appointed as the new Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia,", "id": "15933634" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur\n\n\nLumpur was dedicated to St John the evangelist in 1883, and would be later known as St. John's Cathedral, the Mother Church of Kuala Lumpur. In 1955, the Diocese of Malacca became a Metropolitan Archdiocese, with the newly formed Diocese of Penang and Diocese of Kuala Lumpur as its suffragan sees. Bishop Dominic Vendargon was appointed as the first Bishop of Kuala Lumpur, and was ordained in the same year. In 1972, the Diocese of Kuala Lumpur was elevated into an Archdiocese, with the suffragan dioceses of Penang and", "id": "14666462" }, { "contents": "WESTconsin Credit Union\n\n\nanyone who lives or works in the Wisconsin counties of Barron, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Dunn, Eau Claire, Jackson, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau or Washburn, or the Minnesota counties of Anoka, Chisago, Dakota, Goodhue, Isanti, Ramsey, Wabasha, and Washington with a $5 deposit in a membership share (savings) account. Presently, \"WEST\"consin Credit Union has five fully operational high school offices that are located in Amery,", "id": "1182556" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zamboanga\n\n\nthe future city of Zamboanga. On January 20, 1933, Pope Pius XI divided Mindanao into two areas. Southern Mindanao including the Sulu Archipelago became under the jurisdiction of Zamboanga. Northern Mindanao became under the Diocese of Cagayan de Oro. In 1951 Cagayan de Oro became an archdiocese, the first in the island of Mindanao. All episcopal jurisdictions in Mindanao and Sulu, including Zamboanga, became suffragans of this archdiocese. The Diocese of Zamboanga was further divided when the Prelature Nullius of Davao was established and separated in 1949; the", "id": "18254813" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiavari\n\n\nThe Diocese of Chiavari () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Liguria, northern Italy. It was created on 3 December 1892 by Pope Leo XIII in the Bull \"Romani Pontifices\". It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Genoa. Chiavari became an episcopal see in 1892, but until 1896 it was administered by Tommaso Reggio, the Archbishop of Genoa, to which diocese it originally belonged, through his Auxiliary Bishop and Vicar General, Fortunato Vinelli, titular bishop of Epiphania (Cilicia, Ottoman Empire). The", "id": "15328930" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of El Paso\n\n\nwest Texas were served by travelling priests in car and horseback. After Pinto's efforts, Catholic parishes began to flourish in El Paso. On 3 March 1914, Pope Pius X established the Diocese of El Paso as a suffragan see of Santa Fe. The diocese covered nearly in West Texas and southern New Mexico and was created from parts of the dioceses of Dallas, San Antonio and Tucson. Jesuit priest Father John J. Brown was appointed bishop of the newly created diocese on 22 January 1915 but resigned before his scheduled consecration.", "id": "18993686" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai (; ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Municipality of Shanghai, China. It was erected on December 13, 1933 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Shanghai by Pope Pius XI, and was later elevated to the rank of a diocese on April 11, 1946 by Pope Pius XII. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Nanking. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is St. Ignatius Cathedral; it also houses a minor basilica in Sheshan", "id": "15983488" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta is a suffragan Latin Church diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1986. The Diocese of Parramatta is an organisation of the Roman Catholic Church, with responsibility for the western suburbs of Sydney and the Blue Mountains, in New South Wales, Australia. St Patrick's Cathedral, Parramatta, is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Parramatta. On 5 May 2016, Pope Francis appointed Vincent Long Van Nguyen OFM Conv to be its fourth bishop. His installation took place on 16 June 2016", "id": "21254601" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Utah\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Utah is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States, encompassing the state of Utah, less that part of the Four Corners region which is in the Navajoland Area Mission. It includes a small part of northern Arizona. In 1867, the Episcopal Church was the first Protestant church organized in Utah. The diocesan offices and cathedral, St. Mark's Cathedral, are in Salt Lake City. The current bishop is Scott B. Hayashi, whose consecration took place on November 6, 2010 and was installed", "id": "17667064" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton is a suffragan see of Archdiocese of Philadelphia, established on March 3, 1868. The seat of the bishop is St. Peter's Cathedral in Scranton, PA. Other cities in the diocese are Wilkes-Barre, Williamsport, Hazleton, Nanticoke, Carbondale, and Pittston. The diocese comprises Lackawanna, Luzerne, Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne, Tioga, Sullivan, Wyoming, Lycoming, Pike, and Monroe counties, all in the northeastern part of Pennsylvania. The area of the diocese is .", "id": "10915059" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the United States. It comprises the territory of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agaña. The diocese was canonically erected on 8 November 1984 by Pope John Paul II. Its territories were taken from the archdiocese based in Guam. The Diocese of Chalan Kanoa is led by a prelate bishop who pastors the mother church, the Our Lady of Mount Carmel Cathedral on Saipan.", "id": "5619001" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Mantua\n\n\nThe Diocese of Mantua () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It was erected in 804, and is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan. The diocese has produced one Pope and (Latin) Patriarch of Constantinople, and two cardinals. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is the Cathedral of S. Pietro Apostolo; Mantua also contains the Basilica of Sant'Andrea. The last Bishop of Mantua iss Gianmarco Busca, appointed by Pope Francis on June 3, 2016. The bishops emeriti are Egidio", "id": "9176744" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kota Kinabalu\n\n\nafter its see. On 31 May 1976 the vicariate was elevated to a full Diocese of Kota Kinabalu, suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kuching. The diocese lost territories twice, to create its present suffragans : On 23 May 2008, the diocese was elevated to Metropolitan Archdiocese, whose ecclesiastical province comprises the above suffragan dioceses, both formerly part of the original territory of the diocese of Kota Kinabalu: the Diocese of Keningau and the Diocese of Sandakan. On 21 June 2010, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Rev.", "id": "11660795" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\nthe diocese in 1850, Pius IX appointed Bishop William Hogarth, Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District, to be the first bishop of the diocese. The Parish Church of Saint Mary, Newcastle upon Tyne, designed by Augustus Welby Pugin, was selected as the seat for the new bishop, gaining cathedral status. In 1924, Pope Pius XI withdrew the old counties of Cumberland and Westmorland to incorporate them into a newly created Diocese of Lancaster. For this reason, the Lancaster diocese still considers St Cuthbert as one of its principal", "id": "6620884" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nof the Diocese of Wisconsin. In 1870, Fond du Lac was the second largest city in Wisconsin. The remaining counties continued as the Diocese of Wisconsin until 1888, when it was renamed the Diocese of Milwaukee. In 1875, after three elections, John Henry Hobart Brown accepted election as first bishop and was consecrated December 15, 1875 at St. John's Episcopal Church, Cohoes, New York. Brown declared the city of Fond du Lac and St. Paul's Church as the episcopal See. The other viable location was Christ", "id": "2071144" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fond du Lac is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, encompassing the northeastern third of Wisconsin. The diocese contains about 5,700 baptized members worshipping in 37 locations. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). Diocesan offices are in Appleton, Wisconsin. The Diocesan Archives are maintained in Grafton Hall behind the Cathedral in Fond du Lac. Matthew Gunter is its bishop. The roots of the Diocese of Fond du Lac begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians, removing from", "id": "2071141" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spiš\n\n\nThe Diocese of Spiš (, ) is a Roman Catholic diocese in northern Slovakia. It covers central and eastern parts of the Žilina Region and western part of the Prešov Region. Its seat is in Spišská Kapitula; the diocese covers an area of 7,802 km² with 583,633 people of which 76.6% are of Catholic faith (2004). The current bishop is Štefan Sečka. The diocese was established on 13 March 1776 as a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Esztergom. In 1804, its metropolitan was changed to the Archdiocese of Eger", "id": "12385676" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Salford\n\n\n-Elizabethan English dioceses of which one of these was the diocese of Salford and went on to take up the reins of part of the former Vicariate Apostolic of the Lancashire District. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but a further development was its assignment under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, to a newly created Province of Liverpool. At the diocese's creation the territory assigned to it was the hundreds of Salford and Blackburn. The diocese currently covers an", "id": "3729210" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering twenty-eight counties in Kansas. Pope Pius XII created the diocese on May 19, 1951. John B. Brungardt was appointed Bishop of Dodge City in December 2010. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City encompasses 23,000-square-miles, and 50 parishes in 28 counties. It was established in 1951 from parts of the Diocese of Wichita, the Diocese of Leavenworth, and the Vicariate Apostolic of the Indian Territory established July 19, 1850. At that", "id": "17635532" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It comprises that part of South Dakota east of the Missouri River. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Paul J. Swain. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Sioux Falls. The cathedral parish is St. Joseph Cathedral. On August 12, 1879 Pope Leo XIII established the Vicariate Apostolic of Dakota from territory taken from the Diocese of", "id": "18993545" } ]

[ { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior () encompasses the city of Superior and the counties of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Lincoln, Oneida, Price, Polk, Rusk, Sawyer, St. Croix, Taylor, Vilas, and Washburn in northern Wisconsin, with an area of . Its episcopal see is Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is its mother church. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The diocese was established on May 3, 1905 by", "id": "9474213" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nPope Pius X. It was created from the northern part of the Diocese of La Crosse and the northwestern part of the Diocese of Green Bay, with Augustine Francis Schinner as the first bishop. Prior to the official founding of the diocese in 1905, there had already been a rich history of Catholicism in the region. Centuries earlier, Catholic missionaries had forged a dynamic presence throughout the Lake Superior region of Wisconsin. The early history of Catholicism in the state of Wisconsin started within the territory that the Diocese of Superior now encompasses,", "id": "9474214" }, { "contents": "List of museums in Wisconsin\n\n\nMarathon, Marquette, Menominee, Milwaukee, Oconto, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan Counties in the north central and northwest area: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Langlade, Lincoln, Oneida, Polk, Price, Rusk, Sawyer, Taylor, Vilas, Washburn South central and southwest area along the Mississippi and Chippewa rivers: Buffalo, Chippewa, Crawford, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Jackson, La Crosse, Pepin, Pierce, St. Croix, Trempealeau, Vernon South", "id": "7014980" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nserved for one year as pastor of St. Hubertus parish at Hubertus, Wisconsin. From 1887 to 1893 he was a member of the faculty of St. Francis Seminary. From 1893 to 1905, he served as chancellor and vicar general of the archdiocese of Milwaukee, appointed by Archbishop Frederick Katzer. The Diocese of Superior was established on May 3, 1905, formed from portions of the Diocese of Green Bay and the Diocese of La Crosse. On May 13, 1905, Pope Pius X appointed Schinner the first Bishop of the newly", "id": "5250913" }, { "contents": "United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin\n\n\nheld at Madison. The district comprises the following counties: Adams, Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Green, Iowa, Iron, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, La Crosse, Lafayette, Lincoln, Marathon, Monroe, Oneida, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Portage, Price, Richland, Rock, Rusk, Sauk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Vilas, Washburn and", "id": "19092884" }, { "contents": "2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin\n\n\na total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark (partial), Douglas, Iron, Langlade (partial), Lincoln, Marathon, Oneida, Polk, Portage, Price, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Washburn and Wood. The district is currently represented by Sean Duffy, a Republican. The PVI of the district is R+8. Duffy is running for reelection. The 8th congressional district includes Green Bay and Appleton. It", "id": "2566179" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nAugustine Francis Schinner (May 1, 1863 – February 7, 1937) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the first Bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin (1905-1913) and first Bishop of the Diocese of Spokane, Washington (1914-1925). Schinner was educated at St. Francis Seminary in Wisconsin, and was ordained to the priesthood on March 7, 1886, by Archbishop Michael Heiss of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee at the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist. He", "id": "5250912" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse\n\n\nthe Workman. The Diocese of La Crosse was established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868, from territory that was taken from what was then the Diocese of Milwaukee. It included the part of Wisconsin lying north and west of the Wisconsin River. Michael Heiss, then head of St. Francis Seminary, Milwaukee, was named the first bishop of the La Crosse episcopal see. On May 3, 1905, the territory of the Dioceses of La Crosse and Green Bay was brought together to form the Diocese of Superior,", "id": "6320305" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nuntil the formation of the Diocese of Lacrosse, and the Diocese of Green Bay, which then served the northern region. Finally, in 1905, the Diocese of Superior was created by Pope Pius X, encompassing 16 counties in northern Wisconsin. The oldest Catholic congregation in the state of Wisconsin (in continuous operation to the present-day) is within the Diocese of Superior. On July 27, 1836, Fr. Frederic Baraga arrived at La Pointe, and immediately set to work, building a log church. Fr.", "id": "9474218" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane\n\n\n, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese. The episcopal see was subsequently moved to Seattle, and the diocese was renamed the Diocese of Seattle in 1907. With a growing population in Spokane and other areas of Eastern Washington, church leadership in Seattle realized that a new diocese needed to be formed, and the Diocese of Spokane was canonically erected by Pope Pius X on December 17, 1913. The diocese's first bishop was Augustine Francis Schinner, the bishop emeritus of the Diocese of", "id": "6861839" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 25\n\n\nThe 25th District of the Wisconsin Senate is located in far north-western Wisconsin, and is currently composed of part or all of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Price, Sawyer, Vilas and Washburn counties. The district area is a mostly rural, and covers more land and more counties than any other district in Wisconsin. Janet Bewley is the senator serving the 25th district. She was elected to a four-year term in 2014. Before serving as a senator, she held an office", "id": "19471671" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nBaraga, like the Jesuit missionaries before him, had success evangelizing the native people. His congregation at La Pointe grew, and also included many early European immigrants, primarily French Fur Traders. In 1838, Fr. Baraga built a larger church at La Pointe, on the spot of the present-day location of \"St. Joseph's Catholic Church\". The first Bishop to serve the Diocese of Superior was Augustine Francis Schinner, who was consecrated as Bishop on July 25, 1905. Bishop Schinner faced many challenges, as", "id": "9474219" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\ncreated diocese. He was ordained a bishop on July 25, 1905. Traveling by train with an entourage of over 60 priests from Milwaukee, he arrived at Ashland, Wisconsin, traveled to the Apostle Islands on a short boat tour, and then continued on to Superior. There were 39 diocesan priests, 17 religious order priests serving 38,861 Catholics in 43 parishes with resident pastors, and 50 missions and 33 stations. For Catholic schools, there was 1 high school, 16 elementary and 2 boarding schools with a total enrollment of", "id": "5250914" }, { "contents": "Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway\n\n\nthe Mississippi River, it lies within parts of eight counties in Wisconsin: Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Pierce, Polk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn; and three in Minnesota: Chisago, Pine, and Washington. The upper St. Croix is a nationally renowned smallmouth bass fishery. Other fish species present in the riverway include walleye, northern pike, sturgeon, muskellunge, and catfish. The Namekagon River upstream of Hayward, Wisconsin is well known for its brown and brook trout fishing. Besides fishing, the riverway", "id": "10086875" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento\n\n\nmother church of the diocese, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament. Originally a major part of the defunct Grass Valley Diocese (which included several counties in northern California and Nevada), the present-day diocese was established by Pope Leo XIII on May 28, 1886. Today, the See of Sacramento remains a ceremonial suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the Dioceses of Honolulu, Las Vegas, Oakland, Reno, Salt Lake City, San Jose, Santa Rosa and Stockton", "id": "4599392" }, { "contents": "Saint Raphael's Cathedral (Madison, Wisconsin)\n\n\nthe state capitol. In 1853, Father Francis Etchmann began constructing the most recent church building. The cornerstone was laid on May 28, 1854 by Bishop John Henni of the Diocese of Milwaukee. He dedicated the new building because the parish was under his jurisdiction at the time. The spire and bells were added in 1885. On January 9, 1946, Pope Pius XII created the Diocese of Madison for an 11-county area in the southwestern part of the state. Territory was taken from the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and the Diocese of", "id": "1920566" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst in Australia\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst (in Australia) is a Latin Church suffragan diocese of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1865, covering the Central West and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia. The Cathedral of St Michael and St John the Baptist is the episcopal see of the Bishop of Bathurst, presently Michael McKenna. The Diocese of Bathurst was erected by Pope Pius IX on 20 June 1865. Prior to this date, the area was considered within the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Sydney, its present", "id": "21254493" }, { "contents": "Joseph Maria Koudelka\n\n\n29, 1907, Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland and he was ordained on February 25, 1908 with a special ministry to the Slavic community. On June 24, 1911 Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. He was ordained as the first auxiliary bishop of Milwaukee on September 4, 1911. On August 6, 1913, Pope Pius X appointed Koudelka the second bishop of the Diocese of Superior. He was installed at the pro-cathedral of Sacred Heart in", "id": "18330746" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nThe Archdiocese of Milwaukee () is a Roman Catholic archdiocese headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the United States. It encompasses the City of Milwaukee, as well as the counties of Dodge, Fond du Lac, Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Walworth, Washington and Waukesha, all located in Wisconsin. The Archdiocese of Milwaukee is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milwaukee, which includes the suffragan dioceses of Green Bay, La Crosse, Madison, and Superior. , Jerome Edward Listecki is the Archbishop", "id": "9546478" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering nineteen counties in northwestern Ohio. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The See city for the diocese is Toledo. The eighth and current Bishop of Toledo is Daniel Edward Thomas. Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Pius X erected the diocese April 15, 1910, in territory taken from the Diocese of Cleveland. The arms of the See of Toledo are based upon", "id": "6750935" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin's 7th congressional district\n\n\nWisconsin's 7th congressional district is a congressional district of the United States House of Representatives in northwestern and central Wisconsin; it is the largest congressional district in the state geographically, covering 20 counties (in whole or part), for a total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, St. Croix, Chippewa (partial), Clark, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Jackson (partial), Juneau (partial), Langlade, Lincoln, Marathon,", "id": "8780919" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez () is located in the northern Mexican city of the same name, across the Río Grande from El Paso, Texas. It is part of the ecclesiastical province of Chihuahua and is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Chihuahua . The Diocese of Ciudad Juárez was erected by Pope Pius XII on 10 April 1957 from the Diocese of Chihuahua because of the population growth in the northern part of the state of Chihuahua. Pope Pius named Manuel Talamás Camandari as the first bishop, and by 1966", "id": "13992785" }, { "contents": "Superior, Wisconsin\n\n\nSuperior come from the Duluth market: Superior is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Francis Xavier Catholic Church, located in the East End of Superior, has been noted for its architecture. Christ Evangelical Lutheran Church is the only congregation of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod located in Superior. It recently moved from its original location on Belknap Street to a new campus on North 28th Street. Pilgrim Lutheran Church is located", "id": "4103054" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi (\"Dioecesis Uromiensis\") in Uromi, Edo State, Nigeria was created on December 14, 2005, when it was split off from the Archdiocese of Benin City. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Benin City. Its first bishop was Augustine Obiora Akubeze (who was named Archbishop of Benin City in March 2011). The St Anthony of Padua church in Uromi was selected to be its cathedral. The canonical erection of the diocese and the episcopal ordination of the bishop took", "id": "2286692" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the northwestern United States, comprising the northern regions of the state of Alaska. It is led by a bishop who serves as pastor of the mother church, Sacred Heart Cathedral in the City of Fairbanks. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Anchorage. The See of Fairbanks was established from the Prefecture Apostolic of Alaska on July 27, 1894, which was created from the Diocese of Vancouver Island. It was", "id": "7747608" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough () is a suffragan Latin diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kingston, Ontario that includes part of the federal Province of Ontario in inland Canada. Its episcopal see is the Cathedral of Saint Peter-in-Chains in Peterborough, Ontario. On March 10, 2017, the Pope named former Hamilton Auxiliary Bishop Daniel J. Miehm as the new Bishop of Peterborough. Established on 25 January 1874 as Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Canada, on territory split off from the Diocese of Kingston", "id": "5387249" }, { "contents": "Catholic Diocese of Guiratinga\n\n\nThe Diocese of Guiratinga (Dioecesis Guiratingensis) was a former ecclesiastical circumscription of the Catholic Church in Brazil, belonging to the Ecclesiastical Province of Cuiabá and the West II Regional Bishops' Council of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil, being a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cuiabá. The episcopal see is the Cathedral St. John the Baptist in the city of Guiratinga in the state of Mato Grosso. The Prelature Registry Araguaia (Territorialis Praelatura Registrensis or Territorialis Praelatura registration Araguaia) was erected on May 12, 1914 by Pope Pius X", "id": "4926427" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America encompassing the northwestern third of Wisconsin. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). The faith community comprises 20 interdependent congregations, mostly small and rural. The see and diocesan offices are in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, with Christ Church Cathedral as the mother church. Christ Church in La Crosse is the largest church in the diocese. The roots of the Diocese of Eau Claire begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians", "id": "2071071" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Motherwell\n\n\nCumbernauld and the area of Auchinloch) and South Lanarkshire. The diocese, along with the Diocese of Paisley, was erected as a Suffragan See by the Apostolic Constitution \"Maxime interest\" on 25 May 1947. The new See took part of the Archdiocese of Glasgow (becoming its Suffragan See) and part of the Diocese of Galloway. At present the diocese is vacant. The most recent Bishop of Motherwell was the Right Reverend Joseph Devine, whose resignation was accepted by Pope Francis on 30 May 2013. On Tuesday 29 April", "id": "3729293" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 28\n\n\nBayfield), Pepin, Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix Counties. The first Senator from the 28th was William Wilson of Menomonie, who served in the 1857 session (the tenth session of the Wisconsin Legislature). The district has also been represented by: As of the redistricting of 1861, the 28th now consisted of Ashland, Burnett, Dallas (later renamed Barron), Douglas, La Pointe (later renamed Bayfield), Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix counties (it was not changed in the redistricting of", "id": "2063122" }, { "contents": "List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Northern Ireland\n\n\nIn the Roman Catholic Church, the entirety of Northern Ireland is comprehended by the ecclesiastical province of Armagh. The eponymous archdiocese and five of its suffragan dioceses cover the area of Northern Ireland. The diocesan and archdiocesan boundaries are not coterminous with the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Only two dioceses are entirely contained within Northern Ireland: Down and Connor and the Diocese of Dromore. Three dioceses and the Archdiocese of Armagh straddle the border. The Archdiocese and its suffragans are all part of the Episcopal conference of Ireland", "id": "14015256" }, { "contents": "Anglican Bishop of Nottingham\n\n\nThe Anglican Bishop of Nottingham was an episcopal title used by a Church of England suffragan bishop. The title took its name after the county town of Nottingham and was first created under the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534. Until 1837, Nottingham had been part of the Diocese of York, when it then became part of the Diocese of Lincoln. With the creation of the Diocese of Southwell in 1884, Nottingham became part of that diocese, but the then- (and final) bishop remained suffragan to Lincoln. Since 2005, Nottingham gives", "id": "20176138" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell () is an ecclesiastical diocese of the Catholic Church in Scotland. The diocese, which was erected on 25 May 1947 by Pope Pius XII from the Archdiocese of Glasgow, along with the Diocese of Paisley which was erected on the same day, remains one of two suffragan sees under the Archdiocese. On Tuesday 29 April 2014 - the Feast of St Catherine of Siena - Pope Francis appointed Joseph Toal as the fifth Bishop of Motherwell. In 2004, the Catholic population, proportionately the largest in", "id": "16456386" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nnative people, and baptized over 1,000 converts. During this time, the region was being overseen by French Catholic leaders in Quebec, which became a diocese in 1674, encompassing all of North America east of the Mississippi River. In 1791, the region was transferred to the Diocese of Baltimore, which was the first Catholic diocese created in the then-newly formed United States. In 1843, the Diocese of Milwaukee was established, and consisted of the entire state of Wisconsin. Northern Wisconsin remained within the Diocese of Milwaukee,", "id": "9474217" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nEpiscopal Diocese of Milwaukee, originally the Diocese of Wisconsin is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America located in the southern area of Wisconsin. It is in Province V (for the Midwest region). The Rt. Reverend Steven Miller is the bishop. The see city is Milwaukee. Cathedral Church of All Saints, Milwaukee is the mother church. The diocese was formed after Jackson Kemper was named the Episcopal Church's first missionary bishop and oversaw the church's mission to the Northwest Territories from 1835 to", "id": "2071175" }, { "contents": "Joseph G. Pinten\n\n\nvicar general, in 1919 purchased dormitory property of Northern Normal College and donated it to the diocese to use as a church with conditions that it be named after Saint Michael and that the new parish build a school. On November 30, 1921, Pope Benedict XV appointed Pinten the third bishop of the Superior Diocese. He was ordained bishop on May 3, 1922 at St. Peter Cathedral with Archbishop Sebastian Messmer of Milwaukee presiding. The next day an enthronement ceremony was held a Sacred Heart pro-cathedral in Superior. After his", "id": "18330981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kansas City–Saint Joseph\n\n\nXIII established the Diocese of Kansas City, with territories taken from the Archdiocese of St. Louis. Its first bishop was John Joseph Hogan. On July 2, 1956, the diocese incorporated part of the territory of the Diocese of Saint Joseph, which had been established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868. On the same date in 1956 part of the Diocese of Kansas City's territory went to establish the Diocese of Jefferson City and the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau. The diocese received its present name and boundaries", "id": "13839607" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Kerry\n\n\nThe Bishop of Kerry is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kerry, one of the suffragan dioceses of the Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly in Ireland. The Episcopal see changed its name from Ardfert and Aghadoe to Kerry on 20 December 1952. The bishop's seat (Cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church Saint Mary, Killarney. The current bishop is the Most Reverend Raymond Browne who was appointed Bishop of Kerry by Pope Francis on 2 May 2013 and received episcopal consecration at St Mary's Cathedral, Killarney on 21", "id": "20835420" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle\n\n\nas a result by 1850 the Diocese of Walla Walla was abandoned and its merged-in territory administered from Oregon City. On May 31, 1850, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese, with Augustin Blanchet as bishop. In January 1851, Augustin Blanchet dedicated St. James Church near Fort Vancouver as the new diocese's cathedral. A new St. James Cathedral was built in Vancouver, Washington in 1885. In 1903 Bishop Edward O'Dea, realizing that Vancouver was no longer the economic and", "id": "6861805" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nthe head of the new diocese, including the need to recruit priests to serve the growing number of parishes throughout the diocese. By the time Bishop Schinner resigned as the bishop of Superior in 1913, he saw the pool of priests grow from 39 diocesan priests in 1905 to 62 in 1913. Today, there are now 105 parishes within the Diocese of Superior. The following is a list of the Roman Catholic Bishops of the Diocese of Superior and their years of service: The Diocese of Superior has a membership of 73,638 Catholics", "id": "9474220" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Northern California. The diocese comprises Alameda and Contra Costa Counties in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Cathedral of Christ the Light serves as the bishop's seat, replacing the Cathedral of Saint Francis de Sales which was demolished after the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989. Once a part of the Archdiocese of San Francisco, the Diocese of Oakland remains a suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the", "id": "4599275" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\ndioceses which did not formally claim any continuity with the pre-Elizabethan English dioceses were created. The Vicariate Apostolic of the Northern District was duly elevated to diocese status as the Diocese of Hexham. On 23 May 1861 the diocese became the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, it was assigned to the newly created Province of Liverpool. The present diocese covers an area of 7,700 km²", "id": "3501975" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\n1859. He became provisional bishop of Wisconsin from 1847 to 1854 and first bishop of the Diocese of Wisconsin from 1854 to 1870. In 1875, the Diocese of Fond du Lac was created to serve the northeastern 26 counties of the state. The Diocese of Eau Claire, was carved out of the diocese in 1928 for the counties in the northwestern part of Wisconsin. The Diocese of Wisconsin became the Diocese of Milwaukee in 1886. Over the last few years the membership has declined from 15,000 to 11,000. Nashotah House, in", "id": "2071176" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson\n\n\nThe Diocese of Paterson is a diocese of the Roman Rite of the Latin Catholic Church in the United States, which includes three counties in northern New Jersey: Passaic, Morris, and Sussex. The city of Paterson, third-largest in the state of New Jersey, was chosen as the episcopal see, even though the vast majority of diocesan territory lies west of the city. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Newark, and is part of Region III of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. The", "id": "14672461" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay () was established on March 3, 1868, by Pope Pius IX. It covers the city of Green Bay, as well as Brown, Calumet, Door, Florence, Forest, Kewaunee, Langlade, Manitowoc, Marinette, Menominee, Oconto, Outagamie, Shawano, Waupaca, Waushara and Winnebago counties in Wisconsin. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The earliest trace of the Catholic faith in the Green Bay area was in 1634. Jesuits followed Jean Nicolet to", "id": "9417148" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering the parishes of northern Louisiana, and a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. Its bishop is part of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and belongs to Conference Region V (which includes Alabama, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee). Its mother church is the Cathedral of Saint John Berchmans, in Shreveport. The Diocese of Shreveport was canonically erected on June 16, 1986 when Pope John Paul II split the former Diocese of", "id": "18926928" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids () is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in western Michigan, in the United States. It comprises 102 churches in 11 counties in West Michigan. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Detroit. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of Saint Andrew. On April 18, 2013, Pope Francis accepted Bishop Walter A. Hurley's resignation and appointed the Rev. David J. Walkowiak to be the twelfth Bishop of Grand Rapids. The diocese was created from territory taken from", "id": "221824" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Suacia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Svač (, , ) was a bishopric with see in the town of Svač (Latinized as Suacia), which is today the village lying to the east of Ulcinj in Montenegro that is called in Serbian Шас, in Croat Šas and in Albanian Shas. The area was part of the late Roman province of Dalmatia Superior, and the Catholic Church, which includes the diocese in its list of Latin titular sees, accordingly treats it as a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Doclea. The diocese of Svač (", "id": "4011385" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck () is a Roman Catholic diocese in North Dakota. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop David Kagan. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Bismarck. The Cathedral parish of the diocese is Cathedral of the Holy Spirit. On December 31, 1909 Saint Pius X established the Diocese of Bismarck. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Fargo. The list of bishops of the diocese and their terms of service", "id": "18993019" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fiesole\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fiesole () is a Roman Catholic diocese in Tuscany, central Italy, whose episcopal see is the city of Fiesole. Fiesole was directly subject to the pope until 1420, when the archdiocese of Florence was created and Fiesole was made one of its suffragan bishops. It is still a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Florence. According to local legend the Gospel was first preached at Fiesole by Messius Romulus, said to have been a disciple of St. Peter. Documentary evidence, however, is from the 9th and", "id": "3288239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangalore\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Bangalore () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in India. It was erected as the Diocese of Bangalore on 13 February 1940 by Pope Pius XII, and elevated to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese on 19 September 1953, with the suffragan sees of Belgaum, Bellary, Chikmagalur, Gulbarga, Karwar, Mangalore, Udupi, Mysore, and Shimoga. The archdiocese's mother church and thus seat of its archbishop is the St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral; Bangalore also houses", "id": "9571833" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City () is a Roman Catholic diocese in western South Dakota, United States. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Robert Dwayne Gruss. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Rapid City. The Cathedral parish is the Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. On August 6, 1902 Saint Pius X established the diocese as the Diocese of Lead. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Sioux Falls. The", "id": "18993239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong is a suffragan Latin Rite diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1951, covering the Illawarra and Southern Highlands regions of New South Wales, Australia. St Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Wollongong is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Wollongong, currently Brian Mascord. On 15 November 1951, Pope Pius XII announced that a new diocese would be created from the two archdioceses of Sydney and Canberra & Goulburn. To be named Wollongong, the diocese was officially established on 11 February 1952.", "id": "21254634" }, { "contents": "Cathedral of Christ the King (Superior, Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Cathedral of Christ the King is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior in Superior, Wisconsin. It was named in honor of Christ the King. The building is located at 1111 Belknap Street in Superior. When the Diocese of Superior was established in 1905 Sacred Heart church, which had been established in the 1880s, was designated the pro-cathedral. Sacred Heart continued in this function until 1926. The cathedral construction project was announced in February 1926 and the groundbreaking occurred on June 23, 1926. Bishop", "id": "2884619" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nsuffragan sees were erected in Indiana and Illinois. In 1843 the Illinois portion of the diocese became the Diocese of Chicago. On 8 January 1857 the northern half of Indiana comprised the Diocese of Fort Wayne. On 28 March 1898 the episcopal diocese was transferred from Vincennes to Indianapolis, and the Diocese of Vincennes became the Diocese of Indianapolis. In 1944 Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese and founded two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The city of Vincennes, the former", "id": "4928244" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary () is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States of America. It was founded on December 17, 1956, by Pope Pius XII. It is one of four suffragan dioceses of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Its ecclesiastic territory includes Lake, Porter, LaPorte, and Starke counties in northwestern Indiana. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of the Holy Angels in Gary, Indiana. During the first half of the 20th century, many Catholic immigrants", "id": "17635414" }, { "contents": "Red Cedar River (Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Red Cedar River in northwestern Wisconsin is a tributary of the Chippewa River. According to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the river flows approximately 100 miles from southwestern Sawyer County to its confluence with the Chippewa southeast of Dunnville in southern Dunn County. It drains portions of eight Wisconsin counties: Barron, Chippewa, Dunn, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn. Important tributaries include the Chetek River and the Hay River. Important settlements along the river's course include Cameron, Rice Lake, Colfax,", "id": "2013455" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\n, he chose Indianapolis, the state capital of Indiana and the largest city in the diocese, as the new seat of the episcopal see. Between 1837 and 1882 seventy-five priests were ordained at St. Francis Xavier, including Michael E. Shawe, the first priest ordained in Indiana. In 1898 the episcopal see was moved to Indianapolis and it became the Diocese of Indianapolis. Bishop Chatard was its first bishop. St. Francis Xavier remained under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Indianapolis from 1898 to 1944, when Pope Pius XII elevated", "id": "1660117" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln () is a Catholic diocese in Nebraska, United States, and comprises the majority of the eastern and central portions of the state south of the Platte River. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Omaha. The episcopal see is in Lincoln, Nebraska. Bishop James D. Conley is the current ordinary of the Diocese. The Cathedral of the Risen Christ is the cathedral parish of the diocese. The diocese was established on August 2, 1887, by Pope Leo XIII from the territory", "id": "18992119" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná () is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Concordia and Gualeguaychú. On 13 June 1859, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of Paraná from the Diocese of Buenos Aires. It lost territory to the Diocese of Santa Fe when it was created in 1897 and the Diocese of Corrientes in 1910. The Diocese of Paraná was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope Pius XI on 20 April 1934. It lost territory two more times when the dioceses of Gualeguaychú (1957) and Concordia (1961", "id": "14584212" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nDiocese of Indianapolis. Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese in 1944, and erected two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The Diocese of Gary, Indiana, was erected in 1956. The Evansville Diocese absorbed the city of Vincennes upon its creation. The first four Bishops of Vincennes resided at the seat of the episcopal diocese in Vincennes. Their remains are buried in the crypt of St. Francis Xavier Basilica, Vincennes. Bishop Chatard, who resided in Indianapolis and also served", "id": "4928227" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kumba\n\n\nThe Diocese of Kumba (Latin: \"Diocesis Kumbana;\" French: \"Diocèse de Kumba\") is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the African country of Cameroon. Headquartered in Kumba, the diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart and its bishop is Agapitus Enuyehnyoh Nfon. The diocese was created on 15 March 2016 by Pope Francis from territory in the Diocese of Buéa, and it is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Bamenda. On 15 March 2016, Pope Francis established the Diocese of Kumba", "id": "4860060" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grass Valley\n\n\nThe Diocese of Grass Valley () now a titular see, was formerly a residential diocese of the Catholic Church located in northeastern California, United States. The diocese also included most of Nevada, and, early in its history, Utah and part of Colorado. The particular church that became the Diocese of Grass Valley was erected in by Pope Pius IX in 1860 as the Vicariate Apostolic of Marysville from territory formerly belonging to the Archdiocese of San Francisco, of which it was a suffragan see. In 1868, the see city", "id": "1681182" }, { "contents": "James Patrick Powers\n\n\nJames Patrick Powers (born February 6, 1953) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church and the eleventh bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin. Powers was born in Baldwin, Wisconsin on February 6, 1953. He graduated from St. Croix Central High School, in Hammond, Wisconsin, and from Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Powers was ordained a priest of the Superior Diocese on May 20, 1990. He served as administrator of the diocese from December 2014 to February 2016,", "id": "11695981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Teggiano-Policastro\n\n\nThe Italian Latin Catholic Diocese of (Diano-)Teggiano-Policastro (), in Campania, has existed since 1850, under its present name since 1986. In that year the Diocese of Diano-Teggiano was united with the diocese of Policastro. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno. Its cathedral episcopal see is the Marian Cattedrale di S. Maria Maggiore e S. Michele Arcangelo, in Teggiano. The current bishop is Antonio De Luca. On 29 September 1850, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of", "id": "18017079" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth is a Latin Church Roman Catholic diocese in England. The episcopal see is in the city of Plymouth, Devon, where the bishop's seat (cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church of St Mary and St Boniface. Erected as the Diocese of Plymouth in 1850 by Pope Pius IX, from the Apostolic Vicariate of the Western District, the diocese has remained jurisdictionally constant since. Since 1965, the diocese has been a suffragan see of the Ecclesiastical Province of Southwark; before then, from", "id": "8307114" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson (, ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the southwestern region of the United States. It is a suffragan see of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santa Fe. The diocese was recently led by its seventh bishop, Most Reverend Gerald Frederick Kicanas, who retired on October 3, 2017. The See city for the diocese is Tucson, Arizona, and its cathedral parish is the St. Augustine. Another church of special interest is the Mission San Xavier del Bac, also", "id": "7747261" }, { "contents": "Diocese of Rochester\n\n\n) were added to Rochester, while all West Kent parishes except those in the Rochester Deanery were transferred to the Diocese of Canterbury. In May 1877, Essex and Hertfordshire became part of the newly created Diocese of St Albans. On 1 August 1877, the Diocese of Rochester gained some northern parts of Surrey from the Diocese of Winchester which were later transferred to the Diocese of Southwark at its creation in 1905. The present diocesan bishop, the Bishop of Rochester, is James Langstaff. The diocese also has a suffragan bishop:", "id": "3447784" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the Ecclesiastical Province of Cincinnati covering 23 counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The episcopal see of the diocese is situated at Columbus. The diocese was erected on March 3, 1868 by Pope Pius IX out of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. On October 21, 1944 the diocese lost territory when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Steubenville. The Catholic faith was brought in the area by the Dominican Order in Somerset. They established St. Joseph's Parish", "id": "6750859" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral (Alexandria, Louisiana)\n\n\n, and the clock was installed in 1908. Because of the newly constructed church and Alexandria's central location, Bishop Cornelius Van de Ven petitioned the Roman Curia to transfer the seat of the diocese from Natchitoches to Alexandria. Pope Pius X created the suffragan Diocese of Alexandria on . St. Francis Xavier Church was elevated to the rank of cathedral of the newly created diocese. The current bishop of Alexandria is Sede Vacante, and the rector of the cathedral is Father James A. Ferguson. The cathedral's rose windows are the largest in", "id": "16556508" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of Ohio. Pope Pius IX erected the diocese April 23, 1847, in territory taken from the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The diocese lost territory in 1910 when Pope Pius X erected the Diocese of Toledo, and in 1943 when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Youngstown. It is currently the 17th-largest diocese in the United States by population, encompassing the counties of Ashland, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Medina,", "id": "6750690" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pavia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Pavia () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It has been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan only since 1817. Previous to the reorganization of the hierarchy in northern Italy by Pope Pius VII after the expulsion of the French and the Congress of Vienna, the diocese of Pavia had depended directly upon the Holy See, despite repeated failed attempts on the part of the Archbishops of Milan to claim control. The diocese has produced one Pope and Patriarch of Venice, and three cardinals. The", "id": "9177548" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza () is an archdiocese located in the city of Fortaleza in Brazil. On June 6, 1854, it was established by Pope Pius IX, as the Diocese of Ceará from the Diocese of Olinda. Formerly a part of the Diocese of Pernambuco, the district was erected into a separate diocese, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Bahia. João Guerino Gomes was named as first bishop but did not accept the appointment. Father Gomes, who was famous in his day both as an orator and as", "id": "5595432" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lansing\n\n\nThe Catholic Diocese of Lansing () is located in Lansing, Michigan. It encompasses an area of including the counties of Clinton, Eaton, Genesee, Hillsdale, Ingham, Jackson, Lenawee, Livingston, Shiawassee and Washtenaw. It is a suffragan diocese of the ecclesiastical province of Detroit. Pope Pius XI created the Diocese of Lansing May 22, 1937 by taking territory from the Archdiocese of Detroit. In July 1971, Pope Paul VI separated territory from the Lansing Diocese and territory from the Diocese of Grand Rapids to form the", "id": "4281991" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza () is in Argentina and is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Neuquén and San Rafael. On 20 April 1934, Pope Pius XI established the Diocese of Mendoza from the Diocese of San Juan de Cuyo. It lost territory to the Diocese of San Rafael when it was created in 1961. At the same time, the Diocese of Mendoza was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope John XXIII on 10 April 1961./small On 5 May 2017, Kosaka Kumiko, a Japanese-Argentinian nun,", "id": "15288343" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City () is the Roman Catholic diocese for the northwestern quarter of the US state of Iowa. The diocese comprises 24 counties in northwestern Iowa, and it covers an area of . The See city for the diocese is Sioux City. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The cathedral parish for this diocese is the Epiphany. R. Walker Nickless was ordained as bishop of Sioux City on 20 January 2006. On 24 July, 1900, Pope Leo XIII issued a papal bull", "id": "394842" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis\n\n\nlater period the church first came into the area with the arrival of missionaries and European settlers. The original see was canonically erected by Pope Pius IX on July 19, 1850 as the Diocese of Saint Paul of Minnesota, a suffragan episcopal see of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis. The Diocese's territory was taken from that of Dubuque, and its authority spread over all of Minnesota Territory, which consisted of the area which now composes the states of Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota and also comprises the modern archdiocese's ecclesiastical", "id": "7457113" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Sherborne\n\n\nThe Bishop of Sherborne is an episcopal title which takes its name from the market town of Sherborne in Dorset, England. The see of Sherborne was established in around 705 by St Aldhelm, the Abbot of Malmesbury. This see was the mother diocese of the greater part of southwestern England in Saxon times, but after the Norman Conquest was incorporated into the new Diocese of Salisbury. The title Bishop of Sherborne is now used by the Church of England for a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Salisbury. In 1925, the title", "id": "4184192" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\nthe episcopal see to the Archdiocese of Indianapolis and established two new suffragan diocese in Indiana: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. On 14 March 1970 Pope Paul VI raised the status of St. Francis Xavier Cathedral to a basilica. The present Greek Revival-style basilica dates from 1826, making it the oldest Catholic church in Indiana. It was built on or near the site of two earlier churches. The first chapel, a crude structure measuring 22 feet by 66 feet, with log posts, mud daub,", "id": "1660118" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Caserta\n\n\nThe Diocese of Caserta () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Campania, southern Italy. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Naples. In 1818 Pope Pius VII united this see with the diocese of Caiazzo, but Pope Pius IX made them separate sees. In 2013 in the diocese of Caserta there was one priest for every 1,703 Catholics. It is not known when Caserta became an episcopal see. The first-known bishop was Ranulfo whose election in 1113 was confirmed by Senne, Archbishop of Capua. \"Erected", "id": "16395150" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia\n\n\nThe Italian Catholic Diocese of Pescia () is in Tuscany. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Pisa. In 1519 Pope Leo X withdrew Pescia from the archdiocese of Lucca, raising it to the dignity of a prelacy nullius; and in 1726 it was made a diocese, suffragan of Pisa. Its first bishop was Bartolommeo Pucci (1728). Others were Francesco Vicenti (1773–1801), and Giulio Serafini. On 25 November 2015, Pope Francis appointed as the new Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia,", "id": "15933634" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur\n\n\nLumpur was dedicated to St John the evangelist in 1883, and would be later known as St. John's Cathedral, the Mother Church of Kuala Lumpur. In 1955, the Diocese of Malacca became a Metropolitan Archdiocese, with the newly formed Diocese of Penang and Diocese of Kuala Lumpur as its suffragan sees. Bishop Dominic Vendargon was appointed as the first Bishop of Kuala Lumpur, and was ordained in the same year. In 1972, the Diocese of Kuala Lumpur was elevated into an Archdiocese, with the suffragan dioceses of Penang and", "id": "14666462" }, { "contents": "WESTconsin Credit Union\n\n\nanyone who lives or works in the Wisconsin counties of Barron, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Dunn, Eau Claire, Jackson, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau or Washburn, or the Minnesota counties of Anoka, Chisago, Dakota, Goodhue, Isanti, Ramsey, Wabasha, and Washington with a $5 deposit in a membership share (savings) account. Presently, \"WEST\"consin Credit Union has five fully operational high school offices that are located in Amery,", "id": "1182556" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zamboanga\n\n\nthe future city of Zamboanga. On January 20, 1933, Pope Pius XI divided Mindanao into two areas. Southern Mindanao including the Sulu Archipelago became under the jurisdiction of Zamboanga. Northern Mindanao became under the Diocese of Cagayan de Oro. In 1951 Cagayan de Oro became an archdiocese, the first in the island of Mindanao. All episcopal jurisdictions in Mindanao and Sulu, including Zamboanga, became suffragans of this archdiocese. The Diocese of Zamboanga was further divided when the Prelature Nullius of Davao was established and separated in 1949; the", "id": "18254813" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiavari\n\n\nThe Diocese of Chiavari () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Liguria, northern Italy. It was created on 3 December 1892 by Pope Leo XIII in the Bull \"Romani Pontifices\". It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Genoa. Chiavari became an episcopal see in 1892, but until 1896 it was administered by Tommaso Reggio, the Archbishop of Genoa, to which diocese it originally belonged, through his Auxiliary Bishop and Vicar General, Fortunato Vinelli, titular bishop of Epiphania (Cilicia, Ottoman Empire). The", "id": "15328930" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of El Paso\n\n\nwest Texas were served by travelling priests in car and horseback. After Pinto's efforts, Catholic parishes began to flourish in El Paso. On 3 March 1914, Pope Pius X established the Diocese of El Paso as a suffragan see of Santa Fe. The diocese covered nearly in West Texas and southern New Mexico and was created from parts of the dioceses of Dallas, San Antonio and Tucson. Jesuit priest Father John J. Brown was appointed bishop of the newly created diocese on 22 January 1915 but resigned before his scheduled consecration.", "id": "18993686" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai (; ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Municipality of Shanghai, China. It was erected on December 13, 1933 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Shanghai by Pope Pius XI, and was later elevated to the rank of a diocese on April 11, 1946 by Pope Pius XII. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Nanking. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is St. Ignatius Cathedral; it also houses a minor basilica in Sheshan", "id": "15983488" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta is a suffragan Latin Church diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1986. The Diocese of Parramatta is an organisation of the Roman Catholic Church, with responsibility for the western suburbs of Sydney and the Blue Mountains, in New South Wales, Australia. St Patrick's Cathedral, Parramatta, is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Parramatta. On 5 May 2016, Pope Francis appointed Vincent Long Van Nguyen OFM Conv to be its fourth bishop. His installation took place on 16 June 2016", "id": "21254601" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Utah\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Utah is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States, encompassing the state of Utah, less that part of the Four Corners region which is in the Navajoland Area Mission. It includes a small part of northern Arizona. In 1867, the Episcopal Church was the first Protestant church organized in Utah. The diocesan offices and cathedral, St. Mark's Cathedral, are in Salt Lake City. The current bishop is Scott B. Hayashi, whose consecration took place on November 6, 2010 and was installed", "id": "17667064" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton is a suffragan see of Archdiocese of Philadelphia, established on March 3, 1868. The seat of the bishop is St. Peter's Cathedral in Scranton, PA. Other cities in the diocese are Wilkes-Barre, Williamsport, Hazleton, Nanticoke, Carbondale, and Pittston. The diocese comprises Lackawanna, Luzerne, Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne, Tioga, Sullivan, Wyoming, Lycoming, Pike, and Monroe counties, all in the northeastern part of Pennsylvania. The area of the diocese is .", "id": "10915059" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the United States. It comprises the territory of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agaña. The diocese was canonically erected on 8 November 1984 by Pope John Paul II. Its territories were taken from the archdiocese based in Guam. The Diocese of Chalan Kanoa is led by a prelate bishop who pastors the mother church, the Our Lady of Mount Carmel Cathedral on Saipan.", "id": "5619001" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Mantua\n\n\nThe Diocese of Mantua () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It was erected in 804, and is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan. The diocese has produced one Pope and (Latin) Patriarch of Constantinople, and two cardinals. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is the Cathedral of S. Pietro Apostolo; Mantua also contains the Basilica of Sant'Andrea. The last Bishop of Mantua iss Gianmarco Busca, appointed by Pope Francis on June 3, 2016. The bishops emeriti are Egidio", "id": "9176744" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kota Kinabalu\n\n\nafter its see. On 31 May 1976 the vicariate was elevated to a full Diocese of Kota Kinabalu, suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kuching. The diocese lost territories twice, to create its present suffragans : On 23 May 2008, the diocese was elevated to Metropolitan Archdiocese, whose ecclesiastical province comprises the above suffragan dioceses, both formerly part of the original territory of the diocese of Kota Kinabalu: the Diocese of Keningau and the Diocese of Sandakan. On 21 June 2010, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Rev.", "id": "11660795" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\nthe diocese in 1850, Pius IX appointed Bishop William Hogarth, Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District, to be the first bishop of the diocese. The Parish Church of Saint Mary, Newcastle upon Tyne, designed by Augustus Welby Pugin, was selected as the seat for the new bishop, gaining cathedral status. In 1924, Pope Pius XI withdrew the old counties of Cumberland and Westmorland to incorporate them into a newly created Diocese of Lancaster. For this reason, the Lancaster diocese still considers St Cuthbert as one of its principal", "id": "6620884" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nof the Diocese of Wisconsin. In 1870, Fond du Lac was the second largest city in Wisconsin. The remaining counties continued as the Diocese of Wisconsin until 1888, when it was renamed the Diocese of Milwaukee. In 1875, after three elections, John Henry Hobart Brown accepted election as first bishop and was consecrated December 15, 1875 at St. John's Episcopal Church, Cohoes, New York. Brown declared the city of Fond du Lac and St. Paul's Church as the episcopal See. The other viable location was Christ", "id": "2071144" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fond du Lac is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, encompassing the northeastern third of Wisconsin. The diocese contains about 5,700 baptized members worshipping in 37 locations. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). Diocesan offices are in Appleton, Wisconsin. The Diocesan Archives are maintained in Grafton Hall behind the Cathedral in Fond du Lac. Matthew Gunter is its bishop. The roots of the Diocese of Fond du Lac begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians, removing from", "id": "2071141" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spiš\n\n\nThe Diocese of Spiš (, ) is a Roman Catholic diocese in northern Slovakia. It covers central and eastern parts of the Žilina Region and western part of the Prešov Region. Its seat is in Spišská Kapitula; the diocese covers an area of 7,802 km² with 583,633 people of which 76.6% are of Catholic faith (2004). The current bishop is Štefan Sečka. The diocese was established on 13 March 1776 as a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Esztergom. In 1804, its metropolitan was changed to the Archdiocese of Eger", "id": "12385676" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Salford\n\n\n-Elizabethan English dioceses of which one of these was the diocese of Salford and went on to take up the reins of part of the former Vicariate Apostolic of the Lancashire District. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but a further development was its assignment under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, to a newly created Province of Liverpool. At the diocese's creation the territory assigned to it was the hundreds of Salford and Blackburn. The diocese currently covers an", "id": "3729210" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering twenty-eight counties in Kansas. Pope Pius XII created the diocese on May 19, 1951. John B. Brungardt was appointed Bishop of Dodge City in December 2010. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City encompasses 23,000-square-miles, and 50 parishes in 28 counties. It was established in 1951 from parts of the Diocese of Wichita, the Diocese of Leavenworth, and the Vicariate Apostolic of the Indian Territory established July 19, 1850. At that", "id": "17635532" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It comprises that part of South Dakota east of the Missouri River. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Paul J. Swain. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Sioux Falls. The cathedral parish is St. Joseph Cathedral. On August 12, 1879 Pope Leo XIII established the Vicariate Apostolic of Dakota from territory taken from the Diocese of", "id": "18993545" } ]

[ { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior () encompasses the city of Superior and the counties of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Lincoln, Oneida, Price, Polk, Rusk, Sawyer, St. Croix, Taylor, Vilas, and Washburn in northern Wisconsin, with an area of . Its episcopal see is Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is its mother church. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The diocese was established on May 3, 1905 by", "id": "9474213" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nPope Pius X. It was created from the northern part of the Diocese of La Crosse and the northwestern part of the Diocese of Green Bay, with Augustine Francis Schinner as the first bishop. Prior to the official founding of the diocese in 1905, there had already been a rich history of Catholicism in the region. Centuries earlier, Catholic missionaries had forged a dynamic presence throughout the Lake Superior region of Wisconsin. The early history of Catholicism in the state of Wisconsin started within the territory that the Diocese of Superior now encompasses,", "id": "9474214" }, { "contents": "List of museums in Wisconsin\n\n\nMarathon, Marquette, Menominee, Milwaukee, Oconto, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan Counties in the north central and northwest area: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Langlade, Lincoln, Oneida, Polk, Price, Rusk, Sawyer, Taylor, Vilas, Washburn South central and southwest area along the Mississippi and Chippewa rivers: Buffalo, Chippewa, Crawford, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Jackson, La Crosse, Pepin, Pierce, St. Croix, Trempealeau, Vernon South", "id": "7014980" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nserved for one year as pastor of St. Hubertus parish at Hubertus, Wisconsin. From 1887 to 1893 he was a member of the faculty of St. Francis Seminary. From 1893 to 1905, he served as chancellor and vicar general of the archdiocese of Milwaukee, appointed by Archbishop Frederick Katzer. The Diocese of Superior was established on May 3, 1905, formed from portions of the Diocese of Green Bay and the Diocese of La Crosse. On May 13, 1905, Pope Pius X appointed Schinner the first Bishop of the newly", "id": "5250913" }, { "contents": "United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin\n\n\nheld at Madison. The district comprises the following counties: Adams, Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Green, Iowa, Iron, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, La Crosse, Lafayette, Lincoln, Marathon, Monroe, Oneida, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Portage, Price, Richland, Rock, Rusk, Sauk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Vilas, Washburn and", "id": "19092884" }, { "contents": "2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin\n\n\na total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark (partial), Douglas, Iron, Langlade (partial), Lincoln, Marathon, Oneida, Polk, Portage, Price, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Washburn and Wood. The district is currently represented by Sean Duffy, a Republican. The PVI of the district is R+8. Duffy is running for reelection. The 8th congressional district includes Green Bay and Appleton. It", "id": "2566179" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nAugustine Francis Schinner (May 1, 1863 – February 7, 1937) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the first Bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin (1905-1913) and first Bishop of the Diocese of Spokane, Washington (1914-1925). Schinner was educated at St. Francis Seminary in Wisconsin, and was ordained to the priesthood on March 7, 1886, by Archbishop Michael Heiss of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee at the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist. He", "id": "5250912" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse\n\n\nthe Workman. The Diocese of La Crosse was established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868, from territory that was taken from what was then the Diocese of Milwaukee. It included the part of Wisconsin lying north and west of the Wisconsin River. Michael Heiss, then head of St. Francis Seminary, Milwaukee, was named the first bishop of the La Crosse episcopal see. On May 3, 1905, the territory of the Dioceses of La Crosse and Green Bay was brought together to form the Diocese of Superior,", "id": "6320305" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nuntil the formation of the Diocese of Lacrosse, and the Diocese of Green Bay, which then served the northern region. Finally, in 1905, the Diocese of Superior was created by Pope Pius X, encompassing 16 counties in northern Wisconsin. The oldest Catholic congregation in the state of Wisconsin (in continuous operation to the present-day) is within the Diocese of Superior. On July 27, 1836, Fr. Frederic Baraga arrived at La Pointe, and immediately set to work, building a log church. Fr.", "id": "9474218" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane\n\n\n, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese. The episcopal see was subsequently moved to Seattle, and the diocese was renamed the Diocese of Seattle in 1907. With a growing population in Spokane and other areas of Eastern Washington, church leadership in Seattle realized that a new diocese needed to be formed, and the Diocese of Spokane was canonically erected by Pope Pius X on December 17, 1913. The diocese's first bishop was Augustine Francis Schinner, the bishop emeritus of the Diocese of", "id": "6861839" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 25\n\n\nThe 25th District of the Wisconsin Senate is located in far north-western Wisconsin, and is currently composed of part or all of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Price, Sawyer, Vilas and Washburn counties. The district area is a mostly rural, and covers more land and more counties than any other district in Wisconsin. Janet Bewley is the senator serving the 25th district. She was elected to a four-year term in 2014. Before serving as a senator, she held an office", "id": "19471671" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nBaraga, like the Jesuit missionaries before him, had success evangelizing the native people. His congregation at La Pointe grew, and also included many early European immigrants, primarily French Fur Traders. In 1838, Fr. Baraga built a larger church at La Pointe, on the spot of the present-day location of \"St. Joseph's Catholic Church\". The first Bishop to serve the Diocese of Superior was Augustine Francis Schinner, who was consecrated as Bishop on July 25, 1905. Bishop Schinner faced many challenges, as", "id": "9474219" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\ncreated diocese. He was ordained a bishop on July 25, 1905. Traveling by train with an entourage of over 60 priests from Milwaukee, he arrived at Ashland, Wisconsin, traveled to the Apostle Islands on a short boat tour, and then continued on to Superior. There were 39 diocesan priests, 17 religious order priests serving 38,861 Catholics in 43 parishes with resident pastors, and 50 missions and 33 stations. For Catholic schools, there was 1 high school, 16 elementary and 2 boarding schools with a total enrollment of", "id": "5250914" }, { "contents": "Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway\n\n\nthe Mississippi River, it lies within parts of eight counties in Wisconsin: Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Pierce, Polk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn; and three in Minnesota: Chisago, Pine, and Washington. The upper St. Croix is a nationally renowned smallmouth bass fishery. Other fish species present in the riverway include walleye, northern pike, sturgeon, muskellunge, and catfish. The Namekagon River upstream of Hayward, Wisconsin is well known for its brown and brook trout fishing. Besides fishing, the riverway", "id": "10086875" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento\n\n\nmother church of the diocese, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament. Originally a major part of the defunct Grass Valley Diocese (which included several counties in northern California and Nevada), the present-day diocese was established by Pope Leo XIII on May 28, 1886. Today, the See of Sacramento remains a ceremonial suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the Dioceses of Honolulu, Las Vegas, Oakland, Reno, Salt Lake City, San Jose, Santa Rosa and Stockton", "id": "4599392" }, { "contents": "Saint Raphael's Cathedral (Madison, Wisconsin)\n\n\nthe state capitol. In 1853, Father Francis Etchmann began constructing the most recent church building. The cornerstone was laid on May 28, 1854 by Bishop John Henni of the Diocese of Milwaukee. He dedicated the new building because the parish was under his jurisdiction at the time. The spire and bells were added in 1885. On January 9, 1946, Pope Pius XII created the Diocese of Madison for an 11-county area in the southwestern part of the state. Territory was taken from the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and the Diocese of", "id": "1920566" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst in Australia\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst (in Australia) is a Latin Church suffragan diocese of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1865, covering the Central West and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia. The Cathedral of St Michael and St John the Baptist is the episcopal see of the Bishop of Bathurst, presently Michael McKenna. The Diocese of Bathurst was erected by Pope Pius IX on 20 June 1865. Prior to this date, the area was considered within the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Sydney, its present", "id": "21254493" }, { "contents": "Joseph Maria Koudelka\n\n\n29, 1907, Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland and he was ordained on February 25, 1908 with a special ministry to the Slavic community. On June 24, 1911 Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. He was ordained as the first auxiliary bishop of Milwaukee on September 4, 1911. On August 6, 1913, Pope Pius X appointed Koudelka the second bishop of the Diocese of Superior. He was installed at the pro-cathedral of Sacred Heart in", "id": "18330746" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nThe Archdiocese of Milwaukee () is a Roman Catholic archdiocese headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the United States. It encompasses the City of Milwaukee, as well as the counties of Dodge, Fond du Lac, Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Walworth, Washington and Waukesha, all located in Wisconsin. The Archdiocese of Milwaukee is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milwaukee, which includes the suffragan dioceses of Green Bay, La Crosse, Madison, and Superior. , Jerome Edward Listecki is the Archbishop", "id": "9546478" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering nineteen counties in northwestern Ohio. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The See city for the diocese is Toledo. The eighth and current Bishop of Toledo is Daniel Edward Thomas. Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Pius X erected the diocese April 15, 1910, in territory taken from the Diocese of Cleveland. The arms of the See of Toledo are based upon", "id": "6750935" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin's 7th congressional district\n\n\nWisconsin's 7th congressional district is a congressional district of the United States House of Representatives in northwestern and central Wisconsin; it is the largest congressional district in the state geographically, covering 20 counties (in whole or part), for a total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, St. Croix, Chippewa (partial), Clark, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Jackson (partial), Juneau (partial), Langlade, Lincoln, Marathon,", "id": "8780919" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez () is located in the northern Mexican city of the same name, across the Río Grande from El Paso, Texas. It is part of the ecclesiastical province of Chihuahua and is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Chihuahua . The Diocese of Ciudad Juárez was erected by Pope Pius XII on 10 April 1957 from the Diocese of Chihuahua because of the population growth in the northern part of the state of Chihuahua. Pope Pius named Manuel Talamás Camandari as the first bishop, and by 1966", "id": "13992785" }, { "contents": "Superior, Wisconsin\n\n\nSuperior come from the Duluth market: Superior is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Francis Xavier Catholic Church, located in the East End of Superior, has been noted for its architecture. Christ Evangelical Lutheran Church is the only congregation of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod located in Superior. It recently moved from its original location on Belknap Street to a new campus on North 28th Street. Pilgrim Lutheran Church is located", "id": "4103054" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi (\"Dioecesis Uromiensis\") in Uromi, Edo State, Nigeria was created on December 14, 2005, when it was split off from the Archdiocese of Benin City. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Benin City. Its first bishop was Augustine Obiora Akubeze (who was named Archbishop of Benin City in March 2011). The St Anthony of Padua church in Uromi was selected to be its cathedral. The canonical erection of the diocese and the episcopal ordination of the bishop took", "id": "2286692" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the northwestern United States, comprising the northern regions of the state of Alaska. It is led by a bishop who serves as pastor of the mother church, Sacred Heart Cathedral in the City of Fairbanks. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Anchorage. The See of Fairbanks was established from the Prefecture Apostolic of Alaska on July 27, 1894, which was created from the Diocese of Vancouver Island. It was", "id": "7747608" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough () is a suffragan Latin diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kingston, Ontario that includes part of the federal Province of Ontario in inland Canada. Its episcopal see is the Cathedral of Saint Peter-in-Chains in Peterborough, Ontario. On March 10, 2017, the Pope named former Hamilton Auxiliary Bishop Daniel J. Miehm as the new Bishop of Peterborough. Established on 25 January 1874 as Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Canada, on territory split off from the Diocese of Kingston", "id": "5387249" }, { "contents": "Catholic Diocese of Guiratinga\n\n\nThe Diocese of Guiratinga (Dioecesis Guiratingensis) was a former ecclesiastical circumscription of the Catholic Church in Brazil, belonging to the Ecclesiastical Province of Cuiabá and the West II Regional Bishops' Council of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil, being a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cuiabá. The episcopal see is the Cathedral St. John the Baptist in the city of Guiratinga in the state of Mato Grosso. The Prelature Registry Araguaia (Territorialis Praelatura Registrensis or Territorialis Praelatura registration Araguaia) was erected on May 12, 1914 by Pope Pius X", "id": "4926427" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America encompassing the northwestern third of Wisconsin. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). The faith community comprises 20 interdependent congregations, mostly small and rural. The see and diocesan offices are in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, with Christ Church Cathedral as the mother church. Christ Church in La Crosse is the largest church in the diocese. The roots of the Diocese of Eau Claire begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians", "id": "2071071" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Motherwell\n\n\nCumbernauld and the area of Auchinloch) and South Lanarkshire. The diocese, along with the Diocese of Paisley, was erected as a Suffragan See by the Apostolic Constitution \"Maxime interest\" on 25 May 1947. The new See took part of the Archdiocese of Glasgow (becoming its Suffragan See) and part of the Diocese of Galloway. At present the diocese is vacant. The most recent Bishop of Motherwell was the Right Reverend Joseph Devine, whose resignation was accepted by Pope Francis on 30 May 2013. On Tuesday 29 April", "id": "3729293" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 28\n\n\nBayfield), Pepin, Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix Counties. The first Senator from the 28th was William Wilson of Menomonie, who served in the 1857 session (the tenth session of the Wisconsin Legislature). The district has also been represented by: As of the redistricting of 1861, the 28th now consisted of Ashland, Burnett, Dallas (later renamed Barron), Douglas, La Pointe (later renamed Bayfield), Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix counties (it was not changed in the redistricting of", "id": "2063122" }, { "contents": "List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Northern Ireland\n\n\nIn the Roman Catholic Church, the entirety of Northern Ireland is comprehended by the ecclesiastical province of Armagh. The eponymous archdiocese and five of its suffragan dioceses cover the area of Northern Ireland. The diocesan and archdiocesan boundaries are not coterminous with the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Only two dioceses are entirely contained within Northern Ireland: Down and Connor and the Diocese of Dromore. Three dioceses and the Archdiocese of Armagh straddle the border. The Archdiocese and its suffragans are all part of the Episcopal conference of Ireland", "id": "14015256" }, { "contents": "Anglican Bishop of Nottingham\n\n\nThe Anglican Bishop of Nottingham was an episcopal title used by a Church of England suffragan bishop. The title took its name after the county town of Nottingham and was first created under the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534. Until 1837, Nottingham had been part of the Diocese of York, when it then became part of the Diocese of Lincoln. With the creation of the Diocese of Southwell in 1884, Nottingham became part of that diocese, but the then- (and final) bishop remained suffragan to Lincoln. Since 2005, Nottingham gives", "id": "20176138" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell () is an ecclesiastical diocese of the Catholic Church in Scotland. The diocese, which was erected on 25 May 1947 by Pope Pius XII from the Archdiocese of Glasgow, along with the Diocese of Paisley which was erected on the same day, remains one of two suffragan sees under the Archdiocese. On Tuesday 29 April 2014 - the Feast of St Catherine of Siena - Pope Francis appointed Joseph Toal as the fifth Bishop of Motherwell. In 2004, the Catholic population, proportionately the largest in", "id": "16456386" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nnative people, and baptized over 1,000 converts. During this time, the region was being overseen by French Catholic leaders in Quebec, which became a diocese in 1674, encompassing all of North America east of the Mississippi River. In 1791, the region was transferred to the Diocese of Baltimore, which was the first Catholic diocese created in the then-newly formed United States. In 1843, the Diocese of Milwaukee was established, and consisted of the entire state of Wisconsin. Northern Wisconsin remained within the Diocese of Milwaukee,", "id": "9474217" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nEpiscopal Diocese of Milwaukee, originally the Diocese of Wisconsin is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America located in the southern area of Wisconsin. It is in Province V (for the Midwest region). The Rt. Reverend Steven Miller is the bishop. The see city is Milwaukee. Cathedral Church of All Saints, Milwaukee is the mother church. The diocese was formed after Jackson Kemper was named the Episcopal Church's first missionary bishop and oversaw the church's mission to the Northwest Territories from 1835 to", "id": "2071175" }, { "contents": "Joseph G. Pinten\n\n\nvicar general, in 1919 purchased dormitory property of Northern Normal College and donated it to the diocese to use as a church with conditions that it be named after Saint Michael and that the new parish build a school. On November 30, 1921, Pope Benedict XV appointed Pinten the third bishop of the Superior Diocese. He was ordained bishop on May 3, 1922 at St. Peter Cathedral with Archbishop Sebastian Messmer of Milwaukee presiding. The next day an enthronement ceremony was held a Sacred Heart pro-cathedral in Superior. After his", "id": "18330981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kansas City–Saint Joseph\n\n\nXIII established the Diocese of Kansas City, with territories taken from the Archdiocese of St. Louis. Its first bishop was John Joseph Hogan. On July 2, 1956, the diocese incorporated part of the territory of the Diocese of Saint Joseph, which had been established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868. On the same date in 1956 part of the Diocese of Kansas City's territory went to establish the Diocese of Jefferson City and the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau. The diocese received its present name and boundaries", "id": "13839607" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Kerry\n\n\nThe Bishop of Kerry is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kerry, one of the suffragan dioceses of the Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly in Ireland. The Episcopal see changed its name from Ardfert and Aghadoe to Kerry on 20 December 1952. The bishop's seat (Cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church Saint Mary, Killarney. The current bishop is the Most Reverend Raymond Browne who was appointed Bishop of Kerry by Pope Francis on 2 May 2013 and received episcopal consecration at St Mary's Cathedral, Killarney on 21", "id": "20835420" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle\n\n\nas a result by 1850 the Diocese of Walla Walla was abandoned and its merged-in territory administered from Oregon City. On May 31, 1850, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese, with Augustin Blanchet as bishop. In January 1851, Augustin Blanchet dedicated St. James Church near Fort Vancouver as the new diocese's cathedral. A new St. James Cathedral was built in Vancouver, Washington in 1885. In 1903 Bishop Edward O'Dea, realizing that Vancouver was no longer the economic and", "id": "6861805" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nthe head of the new diocese, including the need to recruit priests to serve the growing number of parishes throughout the diocese. By the time Bishop Schinner resigned as the bishop of Superior in 1913, he saw the pool of priests grow from 39 diocesan priests in 1905 to 62 in 1913. Today, there are now 105 parishes within the Diocese of Superior. The following is a list of the Roman Catholic Bishops of the Diocese of Superior and their years of service: The Diocese of Superior has a membership of 73,638 Catholics", "id": "9474220" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Northern California. The diocese comprises Alameda and Contra Costa Counties in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Cathedral of Christ the Light serves as the bishop's seat, replacing the Cathedral of Saint Francis de Sales which was demolished after the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989. Once a part of the Archdiocese of San Francisco, the Diocese of Oakland remains a suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the", "id": "4599275" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\ndioceses which did not formally claim any continuity with the pre-Elizabethan English dioceses were created. The Vicariate Apostolic of the Northern District was duly elevated to diocese status as the Diocese of Hexham. On 23 May 1861 the diocese became the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, it was assigned to the newly created Province of Liverpool. The present diocese covers an area of 7,700 km²", "id": "3501975" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\n1859. He became provisional bishop of Wisconsin from 1847 to 1854 and first bishop of the Diocese of Wisconsin from 1854 to 1870. In 1875, the Diocese of Fond du Lac was created to serve the northeastern 26 counties of the state. The Diocese of Eau Claire, was carved out of the diocese in 1928 for the counties in the northwestern part of Wisconsin. The Diocese of Wisconsin became the Diocese of Milwaukee in 1886. Over the last few years the membership has declined from 15,000 to 11,000. Nashotah House, in", "id": "2071176" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson\n\n\nThe Diocese of Paterson is a diocese of the Roman Rite of the Latin Catholic Church in the United States, which includes three counties in northern New Jersey: Passaic, Morris, and Sussex. The city of Paterson, third-largest in the state of New Jersey, was chosen as the episcopal see, even though the vast majority of diocesan territory lies west of the city. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Newark, and is part of Region III of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. The", "id": "14672461" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay () was established on March 3, 1868, by Pope Pius IX. It covers the city of Green Bay, as well as Brown, Calumet, Door, Florence, Forest, Kewaunee, Langlade, Manitowoc, Marinette, Menominee, Oconto, Outagamie, Shawano, Waupaca, Waushara and Winnebago counties in Wisconsin. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The earliest trace of the Catholic faith in the Green Bay area was in 1634. Jesuits followed Jean Nicolet to", "id": "9417148" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering the parishes of northern Louisiana, and a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. Its bishop is part of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and belongs to Conference Region V (which includes Alabama, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee). Its mother church is the Cathedral of Saint John Berchmans, in Shreveport. The Diocese of Shreveport was canonically erected on June 16, 1986 when Pope John Paul II split the former Diocese of", "id": "18926928" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids () is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in western Michigan, in the United States. It comprises 102 churches in 11 counties in West Michigan. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Detroit. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of Saint Andrew. On April 18, 2013, Pope Francis accepted Bishop Walter A. Hurley's resignation and appointed the Rev. David J. Walkowiak to be the twelfth Bishop of Grand Rapids. The diocese was created from territory taken from", "id": "221824" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Suacia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Svač (, , ) was a bishopric with see in the town of Svač (Latinized as Suacia), which is today the village lying to the east of Ulcinj in Montenegro that is called in Serbian Шас, in Croat Šas and in Albanian Shas. The area was part of the late Roman province of Dalmatia Superior, and the Catholic Church, which includes the diocese in its list of Latin titular sees, accordingly treats it as a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Doclea. The diocese of Svač (", "id": "4011385" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck () is a Roman Catholic diocese in North Dakota. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop David Kagan. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Bismarck. The Cathedral parish of the diocese is Cathedral of the Holy Spirit. On December 31, 1909 Saint Pius X established the Diocese of Bismarck. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Fargo. The list of bishops of the diocese and their terms of service", "id": "18993019" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fiesole\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fiesole () is a Roman Catholic diocese in Tuscany, central Italy, whose episcopal see is the city of Fiesole. Fiesole was directly subject to the pope until 1420, when the archdiocese of Florence was created and Fiesole was made one of its suffragan bishops. It is still a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Florence. According to local legend the Gospel was first preached at Fiesole by Messius Romulus, said to have been a disciple of St. Peter. Documentary evidence, however, is from the 9th and", "id": "3288239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangalore\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Bangalore () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in India. It was erected as the Diocese of Bangalore on 13 February 1940 by Pope Pius XII, and elevated to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese on 19 September 1953, with the suffragan sees of Belgaum, Bellary, Chikmagalur, Gulbarga, Karwar, Mangalore, Udupi, Mysore, and Shimoga. The archdiocese's mother church and thus seat of its archbishop is the St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral; Bangalore also houses", "id": "9571833" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City () is a Roman Catholic diocese in western South Dakota, United States. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Robert Dwayne Gruss. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Rapid City. The Cathedral parish is the Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. On August 6, 1902 Saint Pius X established the diocese as the Diocese of Lead. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Sioux Falls. The", "id": "18993239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong is a suffragan Latin Rite diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1951, covering the Illawarra and Southern Highlands regions of New South Wales, Australia. St Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Wollongong is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Wollongong, currently Brian Mascord. On 15 November 1951, Pope Pius XII announced that a new diocese would be created from the two archdioceses of Sydney and Canberra & Goulburn. To be named Wollongong, the diocese was officially established on 11 February 1952.", "id": "21254634" }, { "contents": "Cathedral of Christ the King (Superior, Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Cathedral of Christ the King is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior in Superior, Wisconsin. It was named in honor of Christ the King. The building is located at 1111 Belknap Street in Superior. When the Diocese of Superior was established in 1905 Sacred Heart church, which had been established in the 1880s, was designated the pro-cathedral. Sacred Heart continued in this function until 1926. The cathedral construction project was announced in February 1926 and the groundbreaking occurred on June 23, 1926. Bishop", "id": "2884619" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nsuffragan sees were erected in Indiana and Illinois. In 1843 the Illinois portion of the diocese became the Diocese of Chicago. On 8 January 1857 the northern half of Indiana comprised the Diocese of Fort Wayne. On 28 March 1898 the episcopal diocese was transferred from Vincennes to Indianapolis, and the Diocese of Vincennes became the Diocese of Indianapolis. In 1944 Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese and founded two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The city of Vincennes, the former", "id": "4928244" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary () is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States of America. It was founded on December 17, 1956, by Pope Pius XII. It is one of four suffragan dioceses of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Its ecclesiastic territory includes Lake, Porter, LaPorte, and Starke counties in northwestern Indiana. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of the Holy Angels in Gary, Indiana. During the first half of the 20th century, many Catholic immigrants", "id": "17635414" }, { "contents": "Red Cedar River (Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Red Cedar River in northwestern Wisconsin is a tributary of the Chippewa River. According to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the river flows approximately 100 miles from southwestern Sawyer County to its confluence with the Chippewa southeast of Dunnville in southern Dunn County. It drains portions of eight Wisconsin counties: Barron, Chippewa, Dunn, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn. Important tributaries include the Chetek River and the Hay River. Important settlements along the river's course include Cameron, Rice Lake, Colfax,", "id": "2013455" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\n, he chose Indianapolis, the state capital of Indiana and the largest city in the diocese, as the new seat of the episcopal see. Between 1837 and 1882 seventy-five priests were ordained at St. Francis Xavier, including Michael E. Shawe, the first priest ordained in Indiana. In 1898 the episcopal see was moved to Indianapolis and it became the Diocese of Indianapolis. Bishop Chatard was its first bishop. St. Francis Xavier remained under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Indianapolis from 1898 to 1944, when Pope Pius XII elevated", "id": "1660117" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln () is a Catholic diocese in Nebraska, United States, and comprises the majority of the eastern and central portions of the state south of the Platte River. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Omaha. The episcopal see is in Lincoln, Nebraska. Bishop James D. Conley is the current ordinary of the Diocese. The Cathedral of the Risen Christ is the cathedral parish of the diocese. The diocese was established on August 2, 1887, by Pope Leo XIII from the territory", "id": "18992119" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná () is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Concordia and Gualeguaychú. On 13 June 1859, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of Paraná from the Diocese of Buenos Aires. It lost territory to the Diocese of Santa Fe when it was created in 1897 and the Diocese of Corrientes in 1910. The Diocese of Paraná was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope Pius XI on 20 April 1934. It lost territory two more times when the dioceses of Gualeguaychú (1957) and Concordia (1961", "id": "14584212" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nDiocese of Indianapolis. Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese in 1944, and erected two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The Diocese of Gary, Indiana, was erected in 1956. The Evansville Diocese absorbed the city of Vincennes upon its creation. The first four Bishops of Vincennes resided at the seat of the episcopal diocese in Vincennes. Their remains are buried in the crypt of St. Francis Xavier Basilica, Vincennes. Bishop Chatard, who resided in Indianapolis and also served", "id": "4928227" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kumba\n\n\nThe Diocese of Kumba (Latin: \"Diocesis Kumbana;\" French: \"Diocèse de Kumba\") is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the African country of Cameroon. Headquartered in Kumba, the diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart and its bishop is Agapitus Enuyehnyoh Nfon. The diocese was created on 15 March 2016 by Pope Francis from territory in the Diocese of Buéa, and it is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Bamenda. On 15 March 2016, Pope Francis established the Diocese of Kumba", "id": "4860060" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grass Valley\n\n\nThe Diocese of Grass Valley () now a titular see, was formerly a residential diocese of the Catholic Church located in northeastern California, United States. The diocese also included most of Nevada, and, early in its history, Utah and part of Colorado. The particular church that became the Diocese of Grass Valley was erected in by Pope Pius IX in 1860 as the Vicariate Apostolic of Marysville from territory formerly belonging to the Archdiocese of San Francisco, of which it was a suffragan see. In 1868, the see city", "id": "1681182" }, { "contents": "James Patrick Powers\n\n\nJames Patrick Powers (born February 6, 1953) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church and the eleventh bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin. Powers was born in Baldwin, Wisconsin on February 6, 1953. He graduated from St. Croix Central High School, in Hammond, Wisconsin, and from Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Powers was ordained a priest of the Superior Diocese on May 20, 1990. He served as administrator of the diocese from December 2014 to February 2016,", "id": "11695981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Teggiano-Policastro\n\n\nThe Italian Latin Catholic Diocese of (Diano-)Teggiano-Policastro (), in Campania, has existed since 1850, under its present name since 1986. In that year the Diocese of Diano-Teggiano was united with the diocese of Policastro. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno. Its cathedral episcopal see is the Marian Cattedrale di S. Maria Maggiore e S. Michele Arcangelo, in Teggiano. The current bishop is Antonio De Luca. On 29 September 1850, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of", "id": "18017079" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth is a Latin Church Roman Catholic diocese in England. The episcopal see is in the city of Plymouth, Devon, where the bishop's seat (cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church of St Mary and St Boniface. Erected as the Diocese of Plymouth in 1850 by Pope Pius IX, from the Apostolic Vicariate of the Western District, the diocese has remained jurisdictionally constant since. Since 1965, the diocese has been a suffragan see of the Ecclesiastical Province of Southwark; before then, from", "id": "8307114" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson (, ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the southwestern region of the United States. It is a suffragan see of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santa Fe. The diocese was recently led by its seventh bishop, Most Reverend Gerald Frederick Kicanas, who retired on October 3, 2017. The See city for the diocese is Tucson, Arizona, and its cathedral parish is the St. Augustine. Another church of special interest is the Mission San Xavier del Bac, also", "id": "7747261" }, { "contents": "Diocese of Rochester\n\n\n) were added to Rochester, while all West Kent parishes except those in the Rochester Deanery were transferred to the Diocese of Canterbury. In May 1877, Essex and Hertfordshire became part of the newly created Diocese of St Albans. On 1 August 1877, the Diocese of Rochester gained some northern parts of Surrey from the Diocese of Winchester which were later transferred to the Diocese of Southwark at its creation in 1905. The present diocesan bishop, the Bishop of Rochester, is James Langstaff. The diocese also has a suffragan bishop:", "id": "3447784" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the Ecclesiastical Province of Cincinnati covering 23 counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The episcopal see of the diocese is situated at Columbus. The diocese was erected on March 3, 1868 by Pope Pius IX out of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. On October 21, 1944 the diocese lost territory when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Steubenville. The Catholic faith was brought in the area by the Dominican Order in Somerset. They established St. Joseph's Parish", "id": "6750859" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral (Alexandria, Louisiana)\n\n\n, and the clock was installed in 1908. Because of the newly constructed church and Alexandria's central location, Bishop Cornelius Van de Ven petitioned the Roman Curia to transfer the seat of the diocese from Natchitoches to Alexandria. Pope Pius X created the suffragan Diocese of Alexandria on . St. Francis Xavier Church was elevated to the rank of cathedral of the newly created diocese. The current bishop of Alexandria is Sede Vacante, and the rector of the cathedral is Father James A. Ferguson. The cathedral's rose windows are the largest in", "id": "16556508" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of Ohio. Pope Pius IX erected the diocese April 23, 1847, in territory taken from the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The diocese lost territory in 1910 when Pope Pius X erected the Diocese of Toledo, and in 1943 when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Youngstown. It is currently the 17th-largest diocese in the United States by population, encompassing the counties of Ashland, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Medina,", "id": "6750690" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pavia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Pavia () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It has been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan only since 1817. Previous to the reorganization of the hierarchy in northern Italy by Pope Pius VII after the expulsion of the French and the Congress of Vienna, the diocese of Pavia had depended directly upon the Holy See, despite repeated failed attempts on the part of the Archbishops of Milan to claim control. The diocese has produced one Pope and Patriarch of Venice, and three cardinals. The", "id": "9177548" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza () is an archdiocese located in the city of Fortaleza in Brazil. On June 6, 1854, it was established by Pope Pius IX, as the Diocese of Ceará from the Diocese of Olinda. Formerly a part of the Diocese of Pernambuco, the district was erected into a separate diocese, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Bahia. João Guerino Gomes was named as first bishop but did not accept the appointment. Father Gomes, who was famous in his day both as an orator and as", "id": "5595432" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lansing\n\n\nThe Catholic Diocese of Lansing () is located in Lansing, Michigan. It encompasses an area of including the counties of Clinton, Eaton, Genesee, Hillsdale, Ingham, Jackson, Lenawee, Livingston, Shiawassee and Washtenaw. It is a suffragan diocese of the ecclesiastical province of Detroit. Pope Pius XI created the Diocese of Lansing May 22, 1937 by taking territory from the Archdiocese of Detroit. In July 1971, Pope Paul VI separated territory from the Lansing Diocese and territory from the Diocese of Grand Rapids to form the", "id": "4281991" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza () is in Argentina and is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Neuquén and San Rafael. On 20 April 1934, Pope Pius XI established the Diocese of Mendoza from the Diocese of San Juan de Cuyo. It lost territory to the Diocese of San Rafael when it was created in 1961. At the same time, the Diocese of Mendoza was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope John XXIII on 10 April 1961./small On 5 May 2017, Kosaka Kumiko, a Japanese-Argentinian nun,", "id": "15288343" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City () is the Roman Catholic diocese for the northwestern quarter of the US state of Iowa. The diocese comprises 24 counties in northwestern Iowa, and it covers an area of . The See city for the diocese is Sioux City. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The cathedral parish for this diocese is the Epiphany. R. Walker Nickless was ordained as bishop of Sioux City on 20 January 2006. On 24 July, 1900, Pope Leo XIII issued a papal bull", "id": "394842" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis\n\n\nlater period the church first came into the area with the arrival of missionaries and European settlers. The original see was canonically erected by Pope Pius IX on July 19, 1850 as the Diocese of Saint Paul of Minnesota, a suffragan episcopal see of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis. The Diocese's territory was taken from that of Dubuque, and its authority spread over all of Minnesota Territory, which consisted of the area which now composes the states of Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota and also comprises the modern archdiocese's ecclesiastical", "id": "7457113" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Sherborne\n\n\nThe Bishop of Sherborne is an episcopal title which takes its name from the market town of Sherborne in Dorset, England. The see of Sherborne was established in around 705 by St Aldhelm, the Abbot of Malmesbury. This see was the mother diocese of the greater part of southwestern England in Saxon times, but after the Norman Conquest was incorporated into the new Diocese of Salisbury. The title Bishop of Sherborne is now used by the Church of England for a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Salisbury. In 1925, the title", "id": "4184192" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\nthe episcopal see to the Archdiocese of Indianapolis and established two new suffragan diocese in Indiana: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. On 14 March 1970 Pope Paul VI raised the status of St. Francis Xavier Cathedral to a basilica. The present Greek Revival-style basilica dates from 1826, making it the oldest Catholic church in Indiana. It was built on or near the site of two earlier churches. The first chapel, a crude structure measuring 22 feet by 66 feet, with log posts, mud daub,", "id": "1660118" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Caserta\n\n\nThe Diocese of Caserta () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Campania, southern Italy. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Naples. In 1818 Pope Pius VII united this see with the diocese of Caiazzo, but Pope Pius IX made them separate sees. In 2013 in the diocese of Caserta there was one priest for every 1,703 Catholics. It is not known when Caserta became an episcopal see. The first-known bishop was Ranulfo whose election in 1113 was confirmed by Senne, Archbishop of Capua. \"Erected", "id": "16395150" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia\n\n\nThe Italian Catholic Diocese of Pescia () is in Tuscany. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Pisa. In 1519 Pope Leo X withdrew Pescia from the archdiocese of Lucca, raising it to the dignity of a prelacy nullius; and in 1726 it was made a diocese, suffragan of Pisa. Its first bishop was Bartolommeo Pucci (1728). Others were Francesco Vicenti (1773–1801), and Giulio Serafini. On 25 November 2015, Pope Francis appointed as the new Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia,", "id": "15933634" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur\n\n\nLumpur was dedicated to St John the evangelist in 1883, and would be later known as St. John's Cathedral, the Mother Church of Kuala Lumpur. In 1955, the Diocese of Malacca became a Metropolitan Archdiocese, with the newly formed Diocese of Penang and Diocese of Kuala Lumpur as its suffragan sees. Bishop Dominic Vendargon was appointed as the first Bishop of Kuala Lumpur, and was ordained in the same year. In 1972, the Diocese of Kuala Lumpur was elevated into an Archdiocese, with the suffragan dioceses of Penang and", "id": "14666462" }, { "contents": "WESTconsin Credit Union\n\n\nanyone who lives or works in the Wisconsin counties of Barron, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Dunn, Eau Claire, Jackson, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau or Washburn, or the Minnesota counties of Anoka, Chisago, Dakota, Goodhue, Isanti, Ramsey, Wabasha, and Washington with a $5 deposit in a membership share (savings) account. Presently, \"WEST\"consin Credit Union has five fully operational high school offices that are located in Amery,", "id": "1182556" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zamboanga\n\n\nthe future city of Zamboanga. On January 20, 1933, Pope Pius XI divided Mindanao into two areas. Southern Mindanao including the Sulu Archipelago became under the jurisdiction of Zamboanga. Northern Mindanao became under the Diocese of Cagayan de Oro. In 1951 Cagayan de Oro became an archdiocese, the first in the island of Mindanao. All episcopal jurisdictions in Mindanao and Sulu, including Zamboanga, became suffragans of this archdiocese. The Diocese of Zamboanga was further divided when the Prelature Nullius of Davao was established and separated in 1949; the", "id": "18254813" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiavari\n\n\nThe Diocese of Chiavari () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Liguria, northern Italy. It was created on 3 December 1892 by Pope Leo XIII in the Bull \"Romani Pontifices\". It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Genoa. Chiavari became an episcopal see in 1892, but until 1896 it was administered by Tommaso Reggio, the Archbishop of Genoa, to which diocese it originally belonged, through his Auxiliary Bishop and Vicar General, Fortunato Vinelli, titular bishop of Epiphania (Cilicia, Ottoman Empire). The", "id": "15328930" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of El Paso\n\n\nwest Texas were served by travelling priests in car and horseback. After Pinto's efforts, Catholic parishes began to flourish in El Paso. On 3 March 1914, Pope Pius X established the Diocese of El Paso as a suffragan see of Santa Fe. The diocese covered nearly in West Texas and southern New Mexico and was created from parts of the dioceses of Dallas, San Antonio and Tucson. Jesuit priest Father John J. Brown was appointed bishop of the newly created diocese on 22 January 1915 but resigned before his scheduled consecration.", "id": "18993686" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai (; ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Municipality of Shanghai, China. It was erected on December 13, 1933 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Shanghai by Pope Pius XI, and was later elevated to the rank of a diocese on April 11, 1946 by Pope Pius XII. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Nanking. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is St. Ignatius Cathedral; it also houses a minor basilica in Sheshan", "id": "15983488" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta is a suffragan Latin Church diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1986. The Diocese of Parramatta is an organisation of the Roman Catholic Church, with responsibility for the western suburbs of Sydney and the Blue Mountains, in New South Wales, Australia. St Patrick's Cathedral, Parramatta, is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Parramatta. On 5 May 2016, Pope Francis appointed Vincent Long Van Nguyen OFM Conv to be its fourth bishop. His installation took place on 16 June 2016", "id": "21254601" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Utah\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Utah is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States, encompassing the state of Utah, less that part of the Four Corners region which is in the Navajoland Area Mission. It includes a small part of northern Arizona. In 1867, the Episcopal Church was the first Protestant church organized in Utah. The diocesan offices and cathedral, St. Mark's Cathedral, are in Salt Lake City. The current bishop is Scott B. Hayashi, whose consecration took place on November 6, 2010 and was installed", "id": "17667064" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton is a suffragan see of Archdiocese of Philadelphia, established on March 3, 1868. The seat of the bishop is St. Peter's Cathedral in Scranton, PA. Other cities in the diocese are Wilkes-Barre, Williamsport, Hazleton, Nanticoke, Carbondale, and Pittston. The diocese comprises Lackawanna, Luzerne, Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne, Tioga, Sullivan, Wyoming, Lycoming, Pike, and Monroe counties, all in the northeastern part of Pennsylvania. The area of the diocese is .", "id": "10915059" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the United States. It comprises the territory of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agaña. The diocese was canonically erected on 8 November 1984 by Pope John Paul II. Its territories were taken from the archdiocese based in Guam. The Diocese of Chalan Kanoa is led by a prelate bishop who pastors the mother church, the Our Lady of Mount Carmel Cathedral on Saipan.", "id": "5619001" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Mantua\n\n\nThe Diocese of Mantua () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It was erected in 804, and is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan. The diocese has produced one Pope and (Latin) Patriarch of Constantinople, and two cardinals. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is the Cathedral of S. Pietro Apostolo; Mantua also contains the Basilica of Sant'Andrea. The last Bishop of Mantua iss Gianmarco Busca, appointed by Pope Francis on June 3, 2016. The bishops emeriti are Egidio", "id": "9176744" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kota Kinabalu\n\n\nafter its see. On 31 May 1976 the vicariate was elevated to a full Diocese of Kota Kinabalu, suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kuching. The diocese lost territories twice, to create its present suffragans : On 23 May 2008, the diocese was elevated to Metropolitan Archdiocese, whose ecclesiastical province comprises the above suffragan dioceses, both formerly part of the original territory of the diocese of Kota Kinabalu: the Diocese of Keningau and the Diocese of Sandakan. On 21 June 2010, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Rev.", "id": "11660795" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\nthe diocese in 1850, Pius IX appointed Bishop William Hogarth, Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District, to be the first bishop of the diocese. The Parish Church of Saint Mary, Newcastle upon Tyne, designed by Augustus Welby Pugin, was selected as the seat for the new bishop, gaining cathedral status. In 1924, Pope Pius XI withdrew the old counties of Cumberland and Westmorland to incorporate them into a newly created Diocese of Lancaster. For this reason, the Lancaster diocese still considers St Cuthbert as one of its principal", "id": "6620884" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nof the Diocese of Wisconsin. In 1870, Fond du Lac was the second largest city in Wisconsin. The remaining counties continued as the Diocese of Wisconsin until 1888, when it was renamed the Diocese of Milwaukee. In 1875, after three elections, John Henry Hobart Brown accepted election as first bishop and was consecrated December 15, 1875 at St. John's Episcopal Church, Cohoes, New York. Brown declared the city of Fond du Lac and St. Paul's Church as the episcopal See. The other viable location was Christ", "id": "2071144" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fond du Lac is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, encompassing the northeastern third of Wisconsin. The diocese contains about 5,700 baptized members worshipping in 37 locations. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). Diocesan offices are in Appleton, Wisconsin. The Diocesan Archives are maintained in Grafton Hall behind the Cathedral in Fond du Lac. Matthew Gunter is its bishop. The roots of the Diocese of Fond du Lac begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians, removing from", "id": "2071141" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spiš\n\n\nThe Diocese of Spiš (, ) is a Roman Catholic diocese in northern Slovakia. It covers central and eastern parts of the Žilina Region and western part of the Prešov Region. Its seat is in Spišská Kapitula; the diocese covers an area of 7,802 km² with 583,633 people of which 76.6% are of Catholic faith (2004). The current bishop is Štefan Sečka. The diocese was established on 13 March 1776 as a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Esztergom. In 1804, its metropolitan was changed to the Archdiocese of Eger", "id": "12385676" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Salford\n\n\n-Elizabethan English dioceses of which one of these was the diocese of Salford and went on to take up the reins of part of the former Vicariate Apostolic of the Lancashire District. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but a further development was its assignment under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, to a newly created Province of Liverpool. At the diocese's creation the territory assigned to it was the hundreds of Salford and Blackburn. The diocese currently covers an", "id": "3729210" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering twenty-eight counties in Kansas. Pope Pius XII created the diocese on May 19, 1951. John B. Brungardt was appointed Bishop of Dodge City in December 2010. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City encompasses 23,000-square-miles, and 50 parishes in 28 counties. It was established in 1951 from parts of the Diocese of Wichita, the Diocese of Leavenworth, and the Vicariate Apostolic of the Indian Territory established July 19, 1850. At that", "id": "17635532" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It comprises that part of South Dakota east of the Missouri River. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Paul J. Swain. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Sioux Falls. The cathedral parish is St. Joseph Cathedral. On August 12, 1879 Pope Leo XIII established the Vicariate Apostolic of Dakota from territory taken from the Diocese of", "id": "18993545" } ]

[ { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior () encompasses the city of Superior and the counties of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Lincoln, Oneida, Price, Polk, Rusk, Sawyer, St. Croix, Taylor, Vilas, and Washburn in northern Wisconsin, with an area of . Its episcopal see is Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is its mother church. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The diocese was established on May 3, 1905 by", "id": "9474213" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nPope Pius X. It was created from the northern part of the Diocese of La Crosse and the northwestern part of the Diocese of Green Bay, with Augustine Francis Schinner as the first bishop. Prior to the official founding of the diocese in 1905, there had already been a rich history of Catholicism in the region. Centuries earlier, Catholic missionaries had forged a dynamic presence throughout the Lake Superior region of Wisconsin. The early history of Catholicism in the state of Wisconsin started within the territory that the Diocese of Superior now encompasses,", "id": "9474214" }, { "contents": "List of museums in Wisconsin\n\n\nMarathon, Marquette, Menominee, Milwaukee, Oconto, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan Counties in the north central and northwest area: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Langlade, Lincoln, Oneida, Polk, Price, Rusk, Sawyer, Taylor, Vilas, Washburn South central and southwest area along the Mississippi and Chippewa rivers: Buffalo, Chippewa, Crawford, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Jackson, La Crosse, Pepin, Pierce, St. Croix, Trempealeau, Vernon South", "id": "7014980" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nserved for one year as pastor of St. Hubertus parish at Hubertus, Wisconsin. From 1887 to 1893 he was a member of the faculty of St. Francis Seminary. From 1893 to 1905, he served as chancellor and vicar general of the archdiocese of Milwaukee, appointed by Archbishop Frederick Katzer. The Diocese of Superior was established on May 3, 1905, formed from portions of the Diocese of Green Bay and the Diocese of La Crosse. On May 13, 1905, Pope Pius X appointed Schinner the first Bishop of the newly", "id": "5250913" }, { "contents": "United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin\n\n\nheld at Madison. The district comprises the following counties: Adams, Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Green, Iowa, Iron, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, La Crosse, Lafayette, Lincoln, Marathon, Monroe, Oneida, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Portage, Price, Richland, Rock, Rusk, Sauk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Vilas, Washburn and", "id": "19092884" }, { "contents": "2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin\n\n\na total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark (partial), Douglas, Iron, Langlade (partial), Lincoln, Marathon, Oneida, Polk, Portage, Price, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Washburn and Wood. The district is currently represented by Sean Duffy, a Republican. The PVI of the district is R+8. Duffy is running for reelection. The 8th congressional district includes Green Bay and Appleton. It", "id": "2566179" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nAugustine Francis Schinner (May 1, 1863 – February 7, 1937) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the first Bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin (1905-1913) and first Bishop of the Diocese of Spokane, Washington (1914-1925). Schinner was educated at St. Francis Seminary in Wisconsin, and was ordained to the priesthood on March 7, 1886, by Archbishop Michael Heiss of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee at the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist. He", "id": "5250912" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse\n\n\nthe Workman. The Diocese of La Crosse was established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868, from territory that was taken from what was then the Diocese of Milwaukee. It included the part of Wisconsin lying north and west of the Wisconsin River. Michael Heiss, then head of St. Francis Seminary, Milwaukee, was named the first bishop of the La Crosse episcopal see. On May 3, 1905, the territory of the Dioceses of La Crosse and Green Bay was brought together to form the Diocese of Superior,", "id": "6320305" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nuntil the formation of the Diocese of Lacrosse, and the Diocese of Green Bay, which then served the northern region. Finally, in 1905, the Diocese of Superior was created by Pope Pius X, encompassing 16 counties in northern Wisconsin. The oldest Catholic congregation in the state of Wisconsin (in continuous operation to the present-day) is within the Diocese of Superior. On July 27, 1836, Fr. Frederic Baraga arrived at La Pointe, and immediately set to work, building a log church. Fr.", "id": "9474218" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane\n\n\n, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese. The episcopal see was subsequently moved to Seattle, and the diocese was renamed the Diocese of Seattle in 1907. With a growing population in Spokane and other areas of Eastern Washington, church leadership in Seattle realized that a new diocese needed to be formed, and the Diocese of Spokane was canonically erected by Pope Pius X on December 17, 1913. The diocese's first bishop was Augustine Francis Schinner, the bishop emeritus of the Diocese of", "id": "6861839" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 25\n\n\nThe 25th District of the Wisconsin Senate is located in far north-western Wisconsin, and is currently composed of part or all of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Price, Sawyer, Vilas and Washburn counties. The district area is a mostly rural, and covers more land and more counties than any other district in Wisconsin. Janet Bewley is the senator serving the 25th district. She was elected to a four-year term in 2014. Before serving as a senator, she held an office", "id": "19471671" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nBaraga, like the Jesuit missionaries before him, had success evangelizing the native people. His congregation at La Pointe grew, and also included many early European immigrants, primarily French Fur Traders. In 1838, Fr. Baraga built a larger church at La Pointe, on the spot of the present-day location of \"St. Joseph's Catholic Church\". The first Bishop to serve the Diocese of Superior was Augustine Francis Schinner, who was consecrated as Bishop on July 25, 1905. Bishop Schinner faced many challenges, as", "id": "9474219" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\ncreated diocese. He was ordained a bishop on July 25, 1905. Traveling by train with an entourage of over 60 priests from Milwaukee, he arrived at Ashland, Wisconsin, traveled to the Apostle Islands on a short boat tour, and then continued on to Superior. There were 39 diocesan priests, 17 religious order priests serving 38,861 Catholics in 43 parishes with resident pastors, and 50 missions and 33 stations. For Catholic schools, there was 1 high school, 16 elementary and 2 boarding schools with a total enrollment of", "id": "5250914" }, { "contents": "Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway\n\n\nthe Mississippi River, it lies within parts of eight counties in Wisconsin: Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Pierce, Polk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn; and three in Minnesota: Chisago, Pine, and Washington. The upper St. Croix is a nationally renowned smallmouth bass fishery. Other fish species present in the riverway include walleye, northern pike, sturgeon, muskellunge, and catfish. The Namekagon River upstream of Hayward, Wisconsin is well known for its brown and brook trout fishing. Besides fishing, the riverway", "id": "10086875" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento\n\n\nmother church of the diocese, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament. Originally a major part of the defunct Grass Valley Diocese (which included several counties in northern California and Nevada), the present-day diocese was established by Pope Leo XIII on May 28, 1886. Today, the See of Sacramento remains a ceremonial suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the Dioceses of Honolulu, Las Vegas, Oakland, Reno, Salt Lake City, San Jose, Santa Rosa and Stockton", "id": "4599392" }, { "contents": "Saint Raphael's Cathedral (Madison, Wisconsin)\n\n\nthe state capitol. In 1853, Father Francis Etchmann began constructing the most recent church building. The cornerstone was laid on May 28, 1854 by Bishop John Henni of the Diocese of Milwaukee. He dedicated the new building because the parish was under his jurisdiction at the time. The spire and bells were added in 1885. On January 9, 1946, Pope Pius XII created the Diocese of Madison for an 11-county area in the southwestern part of the state. Territory was taken from the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and the Diocese of", "id": "1920566" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst in Australia\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst (in Australia) is a Latin Church suffragan diocese of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1865, covering the Central West and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia. The Cathedral of St Michael and St John the Baptist is the episcopal see of the Bishop of Bathurst, presently Michael McKenna. The Diocese of Bathurst was erected by Pope Pius IX on 20 June 1865. Prior to this date, the area was considered within the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Sydney, its present", "id": "21254493" }, { "contents": "Joseph Maria Koudelka\n\n\n29, 1907, Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland and he was ordained on February 25, 1908 with a special ministry to the Slavic community. On June 24, 1911 Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. He was ordained as the first auxiliary bishop of Milwaukee on September 4, 1911. On August 6, 1913, Pope Pius X appointed Koudelka the second bishop of the Diocese of Superior. He was installed at the pro-cathedral of Sacred Heart in", "id": "18330746" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nThe Archdiocese of Milwaukee () is a Roman Catholic archdiocese headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the United States. It encompasses the City of Milwaukee, as well as the counties of Dodge, Fond du Lac, Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Walworth, Washington and Waukesha, all located in Wisconsin. The Archdiocese of Milwaukee is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milwaukee, which includes the suffragan dioceses of Green Bay, La Crosse, Madison, and Superior. , Jerome Edward Listecki is the Archbishop", "id": "9546478" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering nineteen counties in northwestern Ohio. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The See city for the diocese is Toledo. The eighth and current Bishop of Toledo is Daniel Edward Thomas. Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Pius X erected the diocese April 15, 1910, in territory taken from the Diocese of Cleveland. The arms of the See of Toledo are based upon", "id": "6750935" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin's 7th congressional district\n\n\nWisconsin's 7th congressional district is a congressional district of the United States House of Representatives in northwestern and central Wisconsin; it is the largest congressional district in the state geographically, covering 20 counties (in whole or part), for a total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, St. Croix, Chippewa (partial), Clark, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Jackson (partial), Juneau (partial), Langlade, Lincoln, Marathon,", "id": "8780919" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez () is located in the northern Mexican city of the same name, across the Río Grande from El Paso, Texas. It is part of the ecclesiastical province of Chihuahua and is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Chihuahua . The Diocese of Ciudad Juárez was erected by Pope Pius XII on 10 April 1957 from the Diocese of Chihuahua because of the population growth in the northern part of the state of Chihuahua. Pope Pius named Manuel Talamás Camandari as the first bishop, and by 1966", "id": "13992785" }, { "contents": "Superior, Wisconsin\n\n\nSuperior come from the Duluth market: Superior is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Francis Xavier Catholic Church, located in the East End of Superior, has been noted for its architecture. Christ Evangelical Lutheran Church is the only congregation of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod located in Superior. It recently moved from its original location on Belknap Street to a new campus on North 28th Street. Pilgrim Lutheran Church is located", "id": "4103054" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi (\"Dioecesis Uromiensis\") in Uromi, Edo State, Nigeria was created on December 14, 2005, when it was split off from the Archdiocese of Benin City. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Benin City. Its first bishop was Augustine Obiora Akubeze (who was named Archbishop of Benin City in March 2011). The St Anthony of Padua church in Uromi was selected to be its cathedral. The canonical erection of the diocese and the episcopal ordination of the bishop took", "id": "2286692" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the northwestern United States, comprising the northern regions of the state of Alaska. It is led by a bishop who serves as pastor of the mother church, Sacred Heart Cathedral in the City of Fairbanks. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Anchorage. The See of Fairbanks was established from the Prefecture Apostolic of Alaska on July 27, 1894, which was created from the Diocese of Vancouver Island. It was", "id": "7747608" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough () is a suffragan Latin diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kingston, Ontario that includes part of the federal Province of Ontario in inland Canada. Its episcopal see is the Cathedral of Saint Peter-in-Chains in Peterborough, Ontario. On March 10, 2017, the Pope named former Hamilton Auxiliary Bishop Daniel J. Miehm as the new Bishop of Peterborough. Established on 25 January 1874 as Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Canada, on territory split off from the Diocese of Kingston", "id": "5387249" }, { "contents": "Catholic Diocese of Guiratinga\n\n\nThe Diocese of Guiratinga (Dioecesis Guiratingensis) was a former ecclesiastical circumscription of the Catholic Church in Brazil, belonging to the Ecclesiastical Province of Cuiabá and the West II Regional Bishops' Council of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil, being a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cuiabá. The episcopal see is the Cathedral St. John the Baptist in the city of Guiratinga in the state of Mato Grosso. The Prelature Registry Araguaia (Territorialis Praelatura Registrensis or Territorialis Praelatura registration Araguaia) was erected on May 12, 1914 by Pope Pius X", "id": "4926427" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America encompassing the northwestern third of Wisconsin. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). The faith community comprises 20 interdependent congregations, mostly small and rural. The see and diocesan offices are in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, with Christ Church Cathedral as the mother church. Christ Church in La Crosse is the largest church in the diocese. The roots of the Diocese of Eau Claire begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians", "id": "2071071" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Motherwell\n\n\nCumbernauld and the area of Auchinloch) and South Lanarkshire. The diocese, along with the Diocese of Paisley, was erected as a Suffragan See by the Apostolic Constitution \"Maxime interest\" on 25 May 1947. The new See took part of the Archdiocese of Glasgow (becoming its Suffragan See) and part of the Diocese of Galloway. At present the diocese is vacant. The most recent Bishop of Motherwell was the Right Reverend Joseph Devine, whose resignation was accepted by Pope Francis on 30 May 2013. On Tuesday 29 April", "id": "3729293" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 28\n\n\nBayfield), Pepin, Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix Counties. The first Senator from the 28th was William Wilson of Menomonie, who served in the 1857 session (the tenth session of the Wisconsin Legislature). The district has also been represented by: As of the redistricting of 1861, the 28th now consisted of Ashland, Burnett, Dallas (later renamed Barron), Douglas, La Pointe (later renamed Bayfield), Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix counties (it was not changed in the redistricting of", "id": "2063122" }, { "contents": "List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Northern Ireland\n\n\nIn the Roman Catholic Church, the entirety of Northern Ireland is comprehended by the ecclesiastical province of Armagh. The eponymous archdiocese and five of its suffragan dioceses cover the area of Northern Ireland. The diocesan and archdiocesan boundaries are not coterminous with the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Only two dioceses are entirely contained within Northern Ireland: Down and Connor and the Diocese of Dromore. Three dioceses and the Archdiocese of Armagh straddle the border. The Archdiocese and its suffragans are all part of the Episcopal conference of Ireland", "id": "14015256" }, { "contents": "Anglican Bishop of Nottingham\n\n\nThe Anglican Bishop of Nottingham was an episcopal title used by a Church of England suffragan bishop. The title took its name after the county town of Nottingham and was first created under the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534. Until 1837, Nottingham had been part of the Diocese of York, when it then became part of the Diocese of Lincoln. With the creation of the Diocese of Southwell in 1884, Nottingham became part of that diocese, but the then- (and final) bishop remained suffragan to Lincoln. Since 2005, Nottingham gives", "id": "20176138" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell () is an ecclesiastical diocese of the Catholic Church in Scotland. The diocese, which was erected on 25 May 1947 by Pope Pius XII from the Archdiocese of Glasgow, along with the Diocese of Paisley which was erected on the same day, remains one of two suffragan sees under the Archdiocese. On Tuesday 29 April 2014 - the Feast of St Catherine of Siena - Pope Francis appointed Joseph Toal as the fifth Bishop of Motherwell. In 2004, the Catholic population, proportionately the largest in", "id": "16456386" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nnative people, and baptized over 1,000 converts. During this time, the region was being overseen by French Catholic leaders in Quebec, which became a diocese in 1674, encompassing all of North America east of the Mississippi River. In 1791, the region was transferred to the Diocese of Baltimore, which was the first Catholic diocese created in the then-newly formed United States. In 1843, the Diocese of Milwaukee was established, and consisted of the entire state of Wisconsin. Northern Wisconsin remained within the Diocese of Milwaukee,", "id": "9474217" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nEpiscopal Diocese of Milwaukee, originally the Diocese of Wisconsin is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America located in the southern area of Wisconsin. It is in Province V (for the Midwest region). The Rt. Reverend Steven Miller is the bishop. The see city is Milwaukee. Cathedral Church of All Saints, Milwaukee is the mother church. The diocese was formed after Jackson Kemper was named the Episcopal Church's first missionary bishop and oversaw the church's mission to the Northwest Territories from 1835 to", "id": "2071175" }, { "contents": "Joseph G. Pinten\n\n\nvicar general, in 1919 purchased dormitory property of Northern Normal College and donated it to the diocese to use as a church with conditions that it be named after Saint Michael and that the new parish build a school. On November 30, 1921, Pope Benedict XV appointed Pinten the third bishop of the Superior Diocese. He was ordained bishop on May 3, 1922 at St. Peter Cathedral with Archbishop Sebastian Messmer of Milwaukee presiding. The next day an enthronement ceremony was held a Sacred Heart pro-cathedral in Superior. After his", "id": "18330981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kansas City–Saint Joseph\n\n\nXIII established the Diocese of Kansas City, with territories taken from the Archdiocese of St. Louis. Its first bishop was John Joseph Hogan. On July 2, 1956, the diocese incorporated part of the territory of the Diocese of Saint Joseph, which had been established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868. On the same date in 1956 part of the Diocese of Kansas City's territory went to establish the Diocese of Jefferson City and the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau. The diocese received its present name and boundaries", "id": "13839607" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Kerry\n\n\nThe Bishop of Kerry is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kerry, one of the suffragan dioceses of the Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly in Ireland. The Episcopal see changed its name from Ardfert and Aghadoe to Kerry on 20 December 1952. The bishop's seat (Cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church Saint Mary, Killarney. The current bishop is the Most Reverend Raymond Browne who was appointed Bishop of Kerry by Pope Francis on 2 May 2013 and received episcopal consecration at St Mary's Cathedral, Killarney on 21", "id": "20835420" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle\n\n\nas a result by 1850 the Diocese of Walla Walla was abandoned and its merged-in territory administered from Oregon City. On May 31, 1850, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese, with Augustin Blanchet as bishop. In January 1851, Augustin Blanchet dedicated St. James Church near Fort Vancouver as the new diocese's cathedral. A new St. James Cathedral was built in Vancouver, Washington in 1885. In 1903 Bishop Edward O'Dea, realizing that Vancouver was no longer the economic and", "id": "6861805" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nthe head of the new diocese, including the need to recruit priests to serve the growing number of parishes throughout the diocese. By the time Bishop Schinner resigned as the bishop of Superior in 1913, he saw the pool of priests grow from 39 diocesan priests in 1905 to 62 in 1913. Today, there are now 105 parishes within the Diocese of Superior. The following is a list of the Roman Catholic Bishops of the Diocese of Superior and their years of service: The Diocese of Superior has a membership of 73,638 Catholics", "id": "9474220" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Northern California. The diocese comprises Alameda and Contra Costa Counties in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Cathedral of Christ the Light serves as the bishop's seat, replacing the Cathedral of Saint Francis de Sales which was demolished after the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989. Once a part of the Archdiocese of San Francisco, the Diocese of Oakland remains a suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the", "id": "4599275" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\ndioceses which did not formally claim any continuity with the pre-Elizabethan English dioceses were created. The Vicariate Apostolic of the Northern District was duly elevated to diocese status as the Diocese of Hexham. On 23 May 1861 the diocese became the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, it was assigned to the newly created Province of Liverpool. The present diocese covers an area of 7,700 km²", "id": "3501975" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\n1859. He became provisional bishop of Wisconsin from 1847 to 1854 and first bishop of the Diocese of Wisconsin from 1854 to 1870. In 1875, the Diocese of Fond du Lac was created to serve the northeastern 26 counties of the state. The Diocese of Eau Claire, was carved out of the diocese in 1928 for the counties in the northwestern part of Wisconsin. The Diocese of Wisconsin became the Diocese of Milwaukee in 1886. Over the last few years the membership has declined from 15,000 to 11,000. Nashotah House, in", "id": "2071176" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson\n\n\nThe Diocese of Paterson is a diocese of the Roman Rite of the Latin Catholic Church in the United States, which includes three counties in northern New Jersey: Passaic, Morris, and Sussex. The city of Paterson, third-largest in the state of New Jersey, was chosen as the episcopal see, even though the vast majority of diocesan territory lies west of the city. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Newark, and is part of Region III of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. The", "id": "14672461" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay () was established on March 3, 1868, by Pope Pius IX. It covers the city of Green Bay, as well as Brown, Calumet, Door, Florence, Forest, Kewaunee, Langlade, Manitowoc, Marinette, Menominee, Oconto, Outagamie, Shawano, Waupaca, Waushara and Winnebago counties in Wisconsin. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The earliest trace of the Catholic faith in the Green Bay area was in 1634. Jesuits followed Jean Nicolet to", "id": "9417148" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering the parishes of northern Louisiana, and a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. Its bishop is part of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and belongs to Conference Region V (which includes Alabama, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee). Its mother church is the Cathedral of Saint John Berchmans, in Shreveport. The Diocese of Shreveport was canonically erected on June 16, 1986 when Pope John Paul II split the former Diocese of", "id": "18926928" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids () is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in western Michigan, in the United States. It comprises 102 churches in 11 counties in West Michigan. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Detroit. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of Saint Andrew. On April 18, 2013, Pope Francis accepted Bishop Walter A. Hurley's resignation and appointed the Rev. David J. Walkowiak to be the twelfth Bishop of Grand Rapids. The diocese was created from territory taken from", "id": "221824" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Suacia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Svač (, , ) was a bishopric with see in the town of Svač (Latinized as Suacia), which is today the village lying to the east of Ulcinj in Montenegro that is called in Serbian Шас, in Croat Šas and in Albanian Shas. The area was part of the late Roman province of Dalmatia Superior, and the Catholic Church, which includes the diocese in its list of Latin titular sees, accordingly treats it as a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Doclea. The diocese of Svač (", "id": "4011385" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck () is a Roman Catholic diocese in North Dakota. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop David Kagan. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Bismarck. The Cathedral parish of the diocese is Cathedral of the Holy Spirit. On December 31, 1909 Saint Pius X established the Diocese of Bismarck. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Fargo. The list of bishops of the diocese and their terms of service", "id": "18993019" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fiesole\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fiesole () is a Roman Catholic diocese in Tuscany, central Italy, whose episcopal see is the city of Fiesole. Fiesole was directly subject to the pope until 1420, when the archdiocese of Florence was created and Fiesole was made one of its suffragan bishops. It is still a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Florence. According to local legend the Gospel was first preached at Fiesole by Messius Romulus, said to have been a disciple of St. Peter. Documentary evidence, however, is from the 9th and", "id": "3288239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangalore\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Bangalore () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in India. It was erected as the Diocese of Bangalore on 13 February 1940 by Pope Pius XII, and elevated to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese on 19 September 1953, with the suffragan sees of Belgaum, Bellary, Chikmagalur, Gulbarga, Karwar, Mangalore, Udupi, Mysore, and Shimoga. The archdiocese's mother church and thus seat of its archbishop is the St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral; Bangalore also houses", "id": "9571833" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City () is a Roman Catholic diocese in western South Dakota, United States. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Robert Dwayne Gruss. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Rapid City. The Cathedral parish is the Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. On August 6, 1902 Saint Pius X established the diocese as the Diocese of Lead. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Sioux Falls. The", "id": "18993239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong is a suffragan Latin Rite diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1951, covering the Illawarra and Southern Highlands regions of New South Wales, Australia. St Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Wollongong is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Wollongong, currently Brian Mascord. On 15 November 1951, Pope Pius XII announced that a new diocese would be created from the two archdioceses of Sydney and Canberra & Goulburn. To be named Wollongong, the diocese was officially established on 11 February 1952.", "id": "21254634" }, { "contents": "Cathedral of Christ the King (Superior, Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Cathedral of Christ the King is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior in Superior, Wisconsin. It was named in honor of Christ the King. The building is located at 1111 Belknap Street in Superior. When the Diocese of Superior was established in 1905 Sacred Heart church, which had been established in the 1880s, was designated the pro-cathedral. Sacred Heart continued in this function until 1926. The cathedral construction project was announced in February 1926 and the groundbreaking occurred on June 23, 1926. Bishop", "id": "2884619" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nsuffragan sees were erected in Indiana and Illinois. In 1843 the Illinois portion of the diocese became the Diocese of Chicago. On 8 January 1857 the northern half of Indiana comprised the Diocese of Fort Wayne. On 28 March 1898 the episcopal diocese was transferred from Vincennes to Indianapolis, and the Diocese of Vincennes became the Diocese of Indianapolis. In 1944 Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese and founded two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The city of Vincennes, the former", "id": "4928244" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary () is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States of America. It was founded on December 17, 1956, by Pope Pius XII. It is one of four suffragan dioceses of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Its ecclesiastic territory includes Lake, Porter, LaPorte, and Starke counties in northwestern Indiana. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of the Holy Angels in Gary, Indiana. During the first half of the 20th century, many Catholic immigrants", "id": "17635414" }, { "contents": "Red Cedar River (Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Red Cedar River in northwestern Wisconsin is a tributary of the Chippewa River. According to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the river flows approximately 100 miles from southwestern Sawyer County to its confluence with the Chippewa southeast of Dunnville in southern Dunn County. It drains portions of eight Wisconsin counties: Barron, Chippewa, Dunn, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn. Important tributaries include the Chetek River and the Hay River. Important settlements along the river's course include Cameron, Rice Lake, Colfax,", "id": "2013455" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\n, he chose Indianapolis, the state capital of Indiana and the largest city in the diocese, as the new seat of the episcopal see. Between 1837 and 1882 seventy-five priests were ordained at St. Francis Xavier, including Michael E. Shawe, the first priest ordained in Indiana. In 1898 the episcopal see was moved to Indianapolis and it became the Diocese of Indianapolis. Bishop Chatard was its first bishop. St. Francis Xavier remained under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Indianapolis from 1898 to 1944, when Pope Pius XII elevated", "id": "1660117" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln () is a Catholic diocese in Nebraska, United States, and comprises the majority of the eastern and central portions of the state south of the Platte River. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Omaha. The episcopal see is in Lincoln, Nebraska. Bishop James D. Conley is the current ordinary of the Diocese. The Cathedral of the Risen Christ is the cathedral parish of the diocese. The diocese was established on August 2, 1887, by Pope Leo XIII from the territory", "id": "18992119" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná () is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Concordia and Gualeguaychú. On 13 June 1859, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of Paraná from the Diocese of Buenos Aires. It lost territory to the Diocese of Santa Fe when it was created in 1897 and the Diocese of Corrientes in 1910. The Diocese of Paraná was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope Pius XI on 20 April 1934. It lost territory two more times when the dioceses of Gualeguaychú (1957) and Concordia (1961", "id": "14584212" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nDiocese of Indianapolis. Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese in 1944, and erected two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The Diocese of Gary, Indiana, was erected in 1956. The Evansville Diocese absorbed the city of Vincennes upon its creation. The first four Bishops of Vincennes resided at the seat of the episcopal diocese in Vincennes. Their remains are buried in the crypt of St. Francis Xavier Basilica, Vincennes. Bishop Chatard, who resided in Indianapolis and also served", "id": "4928227" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kumba\n\n\nThe Diocese of Kumba (Latin: \"Diocesis Kumbana;\" French: \"Diocèse de Kumba\") is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the African country of Cameroon. Headquartered in Kumba, the diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart and its bishop is Agapitus Enuyehnyoh Nfon. The diocese was created on 15 March 2016 by Pope Francis from territory in the Diocese of Buéa, and it is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Bamenda. On 15 March 2016, Pope Francis established the Diocese of Kumba", "id": "4860060" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grass Valley\n\n\nThe Diocese of Grass Valley () now a titular see, was formerly a residential diocese of the Catholic Church located in northeastern California, United States. The diocese also included most of Nevada, and, early in its history, Utah and part of Colorado. The particular church that became the Diocese of Grass Valley was erected in by Pope Pius IX in 1860 as the Vicariate Apostolic of Marysville from territory formerly belonging to the Archdiocese of San Francisco, of which it was a suffragan see. In 1868, the see city", "id": "1681182" }, { "contents": "James Patrick Powers\n\n\nJames Patrick Powers (born February 6, 1953) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church and the eleventh bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin. Powers was born in Baldwin, Wisconsin on February 6, 1953. He graduated from St. Croix Central High School, in Hammond, Wisconsin, and from Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Powers was ordained a priest of the Superior Diocese on May 20, 1990. He served as administrator of the diocese from December 2014 to February 2016,", "id": "11695981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Teggiano-Policastro\n\n\nThe Italian Latin Catholic Diocese of (Diano-)Teggiano-Policastro (), in Campania, has existed since 1850, under its present name since 1986. In that year the Diocese of Diano-Teggiano was united with the diocese of Policastro. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno. Its cathedral episcopal see is the Marian Cattedrale di S. Maria Maggiore e S. Michele Arcangelo, in Teggiano. The current bishop is Antonio De Luca. On 29 September 1850, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of", "id": "18017079" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth is a Latin Church Roman Catholic diocese in England. The episcopal see is in the city of Plymouth, Devon, where the bishop's seat (cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church of St Mary and St Boniface. Erected as the Diocese of Plymouth in 1850 by Pope Pius IX, from the Apostolic Vicariate of the Western District, the diocese has remained jurisdictionally constant since. Since 1965, the diocese has been a suffragan see of the Ecclesiastical Province of Southwark; before then, from", "id": "8307114" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson (, ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the southwestern region of the United States. It is a suffragan see of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santa Fe. The diocese was recently led by its seventh bishop, Most Reverend Gerald Frederick Kicanas, who retired on October 3, 2017. The See city for the diocese is Tucson, Arizona, and its cathedral parish is the St. Augustine. Another church of special interest is the Mission San Xavier del Bac, also", "id": "7747261" }, { "contents": "Diocese of Rochester\n\n\n) were added to Rochester, while all West Kent parishes except those in the Rochester Deanery were transferred to the Diocese of Canterbury. In May 1877, Essex and Hertfordshire became part of the newly created Diocese of St Albans. On 1 August 1877, the Diocese of Rochester gained some northern parts of Surrey from the Diocese of Winchester which were later transferred to the Diocese of Southwark at its creation in 1905. The present diocesan bishop, the Bishop of Rochester, is James Langstaff. The diocese also has a suffragan bishop:", "id": "3447784" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the Ecclesiastical Province of Cincinnati covering 23 counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The episcopal see of the diocese is situated at Columbus. The diocese was erected on March 3, 1868 by Pope Pius IX out of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. On October 21, 1944 the diocese lost territory when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Steubenville. The Catholic faith was brought in the area by the Dominican Order in Somerset. They established St. Joseph's Parish", "id": "6750859" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral (Alexandria, Louisiana)\n\n\n, and the clock was installed in 1908. Because of the newly constructed church and Alexandria's central location, Bishop Cornelius Van de Ven petitioned the Roman Curia to transfer the seat of the diocese from Natchitoches to Alexandria. Pope Pius X created the suffragan Diocese of Alexandria on . St. Francis Xavier Church was elevated to the rank of cathedral of the newly created diocese. The current bishop of Alexandria is Sede Vacante, and the rector of the cathedral is Father James A. Ferguson. The cathedral's rose windows are the largest in", "id": "16556508" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of Ohio. Pope Pius IX erected the diocese April 23, 1847, in territory taken from the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The diocese lost territory in 1910 when Pope Pius X erected the Diocese of Toledo, and in 1943 when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Youngstown. It is currently the 17th-largest diocese in the United States by population, encompassing the counties of Ashland, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Medina,", "id": "6750690" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pavia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Pavia () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It has been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan only since 1817. Previous to the reorganization of the hierarchy in northern Italy by Pope Pius VII after the expulsion of the French and the Congress of Vienna, the diocese of Pavia had depended directly upon the Holy See, despite repeated failed attempts on the part of the Archbishops of Milan to claim control. The diocese has produced one Pope and Patriarch of Venice, and three cardinals. The", "id": "9177548" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza () is an archdiocese located in the city of Fortaleza in Brazil. On June 6, 1854, it was established by Pope Pius IX, as the Diocese of Ceará from the Diocese of Olinda. Formerly a part of the Diocese of Pernambuco, the district was erected into a separate diocese, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Bahia. João Guerino Gomes was named as first bishop but did not accept the appointment. Father Gomes, who was famous in his day both as an orator and as", "id": "5595432" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lansing\n\n\nThe Catholic Diocese of Lansing () is located in Lansing, Michigan. It encompasses an area of including the counties of Clinton, Eaton, Genesee, Hillsdale, Ingham, Jackson, Lenawee, Livingston, Shiawassee and Washtenaw. It is a suffragan diocese of the ecclesiastical province of Detroit. Pope Pius XI created the Diocese of Lansing May 22, 1937 by taking territory from the Archdiocese of Detroit. In July 1971, Pope Paul VI separated territory from the Lansing Diocese and territory from the Diocese of Grand Rapids to form the", "id": "4281991" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza () is in Argentina and is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Neuquén and San Rafael. On 20 April 1934, Pope Pius XI established the Diocese of Mendoza from the Diocese of San Juan de Cuyo. It lost territory to the Diocese of San Rafael when it was created in 1961. At the same time, the Diocese of Mendoza was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope John XXIII on 10 April 1961./small On 5 May 2017, Kosaka Kumiko, a Japanese-Argentinian nun,", "id": "15288343" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City () is the Roman Catholic diocese for the northwestern quarter of the US state of Iowa. The diocese comprises 24 counties in northwestern Iowa, and it covers an area of . The See city for the diocese is Sioux City. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The cathedral parish for this diocese is the Epiphany. R. Walker Nickless was ordained as bishop of Sioux City on 20 January 2006. On 24 July, 1900, Pope Leo XIII issued a papal bull", "id": "394842" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis\n\n\nlater period the church first came into the area with the arrival of missionaries and European settlers. The original see was canonically erected by Pope Pius IX on July 19, 1850 as the Diocese of Saint Paul of Minnesota, a suffragan episcopal see of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis. The Diocese's territory was taken from that of Dubuque, and its authority spread over all of Minnesota Territory, which consisted of the area which now composes the states of Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota and also comprises the modern archdiocese's ecclesiastical", "id": "7457113" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Sherborne\n\n\nThe Bishop of Sherborne is an episcopal title which takes its name from the market town of Sherborne in Dorset, England. The see of Sherborne was established in around 705 by St Aldhelm, the Abbot of Malmesbury. This see was the mother diocese of the greater part of southwestern England in Saxon times, but after the Norman Conquest was incorporated into the new Diocese of Salisbury. The title Bishop of Sherborne is now used by the Church of England for a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Salisbury. In 1925, the title", "id": "4184192" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\nthe episcopal see to the Archdiocese of Indianapolis and established two new suffragan diocese in Indiana: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. On 14 March 1970 Pope Paul VI raised the status of St. Francis Xavier Cathedral to a basilica. The present Greek Revival-style basilica dates from 1826, making it the oldest Catholic church in Indiana. It was built on or near the site of two earlier churches. The first chapel, a crude structure measuring 22 feet by 66 feet, with log posts, mud daub,", "id": "1660118" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Caserta\n\n\nThe Diocese of Caserta () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Campania, southern Italy. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Naples. In 1818 Pope Pius VII united this see with the diocese of Caiazzo, but Pope Pius IX made them separate sees. In 2013 in the diocese of Caserta there was one priest for every 1,703 Catholics. It is not known when Caserta became an episcopal see. The first-known bishop was Ranulfo whose election in 1113 was confirmed by Senne, Archbishop of Capua. \"Erected", "id": "16395150" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia\n\n\nThe Italian Catholic Diocese of Pescia () is in Tuscany. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Pisa. In 1519 Pope Leo X withdrew Pescia from the archdiocese of Lucca, raising it to the dignity of a prelacy nullius; and in 1726 it was made a diocese, suffragan of Pisa. Its first bishop was Bartolommeo Pucci (1728). Others were Francesco Vicenti (1773–1801), and Giulio Serafini. On 25 November 2015, Pope Francis appointed as the new Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia,", "id": "15933634" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur\n\n\nLumpur was dedicated to St John the evangelist in 1883, and would be later known as St. John's Cathedral, the Mother Church of Kuala Lumpur. In 1955, the Diocese of Malacca became a Metropolitan Archdiocese, with the newly formed Diocese of Penang and Diocese of Kuala Lumpur as its suffragan sees. Bishop Dominic Vendargon was appointed as the first Bishop of Kuala Lumpur, and was ordained in the same year. In 1972, the Diocese of Kuala Lumpur was elevated into an Archdiocese, with the suffragan dioceses of Penang and", "id": "14666462" }, { "contents": "WESTconsin Credit Union\n\n\nanyone who lives or works in the Wisconsin counties of Barron, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Dunn, Eau Claire, Jackson, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau or Washburn, or the Minnesota counties of Anoka, Chisago, Dakota, Goodhue, Isanti, Ramsey, Wabasha, and Washington with a $5 deposit in a membership share (savings) account. Presently, \"WEST\"consin Credit Union has five fully operational high school offices that are located in Amery,", "id": "1182556" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zamboanga\n\n\nthe future city of Zamboanga. On January 20, 1933, Pope Pius XI divided Mindanao into two areas. Southern Mindanao including the Sulu Archipelago became under the jurisdiction of Zamboanga. Northern Mindanao became under the Diocese of Cagayan de Oro. In 1951 Cagayan de Oro became an archdiocese, the first in the island of Mindanao. All episcopal jurisdictions in Mindanao and Sulu, including Zamboanga, became suffragans of this archdiocese. The Diocese of Zamboanga was further divided when the Prelature Nullius of Davao was established and separated in 1949; the", "id": "18254813" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiavari\n\n\nThe Diocese of Chiavari () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Liguria, northern Italy. It was created on 3 December 1892 by Pope Leo XIII in the Bull \"Romani Pontifices\". It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Genoa. Chiavari became an episcopal see in 1892, but until 1896 it was administered by Tommaso Reggio, the Archbishop of Genoa, to which diocese it originally belonged, through his Auxiliary Bishop and Vicar General, Fortunato Vinelli, titular bishop of Epiphania (Cilicia, Ottoman Empire). The", "id": "15328930" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of El Paso\n\n\nwest Texas were served by travelling priests in car and horseback. After Pinto's efforts, Catholic parishes began to flourish in El Paso. On 3 March 1914, Pope Pius X established the Diocese of El Paso as a suffragan see of Santa Fe. The diocese covered nearly in West Texas and southern New Mexico and was created from parts of the dioceses of Dallas, San Antonio and Tucson. Jesuit priest Father John J. Brown was appointed bishop of the newly created diocese on 22 January 1915 but resigned before his scheduled consecration.", "id": "18993686" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai (; ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Municipality of Shanghai, China. It was erected on December 13, 1933 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Shanghai by Pope Pius XI, and was later elevated to the rank of a diocese on April 11, 1946 by Pope Pius XII. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Nanking. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is St. Ignatius Cathedral; it also houses a minor basilica in Sheshan", "id": "15983488" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta is a suffragan Latin Church diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1986. The Diocese of Parramatta is an organisation of the Roman Catholic Church, with responsibility for the western suburbs of Sydney and the Blue Mountains, in New South Wales, Australia. St Patrick's Cathedral, Parramatta, is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Parramatta. On 5 May 2016, Pope Francis appointed Vincent Long Van Nguyen OFM Conv to be its fourth bishop. His installation took place on 16 June 2016", "id": "21254601" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Utah\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Utah is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States, encompassing the state of Utah, less that part of the Four Corners region which is in the Navajoland Area Mission. It includes a small part of northern Arizona. In 1867, the Episcopal Church was the first Protestant church organized in Utah. The diocesan offices and cathedral, St. Mark's Cathedral, are in Salt Lake City. The current bishop is Scott B. Hayashi, whose consecration took place on November 6, 2010 and was installed", "id": "17667064" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton is a suffragan see of Archdiocese of Philadelphia, established on March 3, 1868. The seat of the bishop is St. Peter's Cathedral in Scranton, PA. Other cities in the diocese are Wilkes-Barre, Williamsport, Hazleton, Nanticoke, Carbondale, and Pittston. The diocese comprises Lackawanna, Luzerne, Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne, Tioga, Sullivan, Wyoming, Lycoming, Pike, and Monroe counties, all in the northeastern part of Pennsylvania. The area of the diocese is .", "id": "10915059" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the United States. It comprises the territory of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agaña. The diocese was canonically erected on 8 November 1984 by Pope John Paul II. Its territories were taken from the archdiocese based in Guam. The Diocese of Chalan Kanoa is led by a prelate bishop who pastors the mother church, the Our Lady of Mount Carmel Cathedral on Saipan.", "id": "5619001" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Mantua\n\n\nThe Diocese of Mantua () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It was erected in 804, and is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan. The diocese has produced one Pope and (Latin) Patriarch of Constantinople, and two cardinals. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is the Cathedral of S. Pietro Apostolo; Mantua also contains the Basilica of Sant'Andrea. The last Bishop of Mantua iss Gianmarco Busca, appointed by Pope Francis on June 3, 2016. The bishops emeriti are Egidio", "id": "9176744" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kota Kinabalu\n\n\nafter its see. On 31 May 1976 the vicariate was elevated to a full Diocese of Kota Kinabalu, suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kuching. The diocese lost territories twice, to create its present suffragans : On 23 May 2008, the diocese was elevated to Metropolitan Archdiocese, whose ecclesiastical province comprises the above suffragan dioceses, both formerly part of the original territory of the diocese of Kota Kinabalu: the Diocese of Keningau and the Diocese of Sandakan. On 21 June 2010, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Rev.", "id": "11660795" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\nthe diocese in 1850, Pius IX appointed Bishop William Hogarth, Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District, to be the first bishop of the diocese. The Parish Church of Saint Mary, Newcastle upon Tyne, designed by Augustus Welby Pugin, was selected as the seat for the new bishop, gaining cathedral status. In 1924, Pope Pius XI withdrew the old counties of Cumberland and Westmorland to incorporate them into a newly created Diocese of Lancaster. For this reason, the Lancaster diocese still considers St Cuthbert as one of its principal", "id": "6620884" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nof the Diocese of Wisconsin. In 1870, Fond du Lac was the second largest city in Wisconsin. The remaining counties continued as the Diocese of Wisconsin until 1888, when it was renamed the Diocese of Milwaukee. In 1875, after three elections, John Henry Hobart Brown accepted election as first bishop and was consecrated December 15, 1875 at St. John's Episcopal Church, Cohoes, New York. Brown declared the city of Fond du Lac and St. Paul's Church as the episcopal See. The other viable location was Christ", "id": "2071144" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fond du Lac is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, encompassing the northeastern third of Wisconsin. The diocese contains about 5,700 baptized members worshipping in 37 locations. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). Diocesan offices are in Appleton, Wisconsin. The Diocesan Archives are maintained in Grafton Hall behind the Cathedral in Fond du Lac. Matthew Gunter is its bishop. The roots of the Diocese of Fond du Lac begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians, removing from", "id": "2071141" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spiš\n\n\nThe Diocese of Spiš (, ) is a Roman Catholic diocese in northern Slovakia. It covers central and eastern parts of the Žilina Region and western part of the Prešov Region. Its seat is in Spišská Kapitula; the diocese covers an area of 7,802 km² with 583,633 people of which 76.6% are of Catholic faith (2004). The current bishop is Štefan Sečka. The diocese was established on 13 March 1776 as a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Esztergom. In 1804, its metropolitan was changed to the Archdiocese of Eger", "id": "12385676" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Salford\n\n\n-Elizabethan English dioceses of which one of these was the diocese of Salford and went on to take up the reins of part of the former Vicariate Apostolic of the Lancashire District. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but a further development was its assignment under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, to a newly created Province of Liverpool. At the diocese's creation the territory assigned to it was the hundreds of Salford and Blackburn. The diocese currently covers an", "id": "3729210" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering twenty-eight counties in Kansas. Pope Pius XII created the diocese on May 19, 1951. John B. Brungardt was appointed Bishop of Dodge City in December 2010. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City encompasses 23,000-square-miles, and 50 parishes in 28 counties. It was established in 1951 from parts of the Diocese of Wichita, the Diocese of Leavenworth, and the Vicariate Apostolic of the Indian Territory established July 19, 1850. At that", "id": "17635532" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It comprises that part of South Dakota east of the Missouri River. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Paul J. Swain. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Sioux Falls. The cathedral parish is St. Joseph Cathedral. On August 12, 1879 Pope Leo XIII established the Vicariate Apostolic of Dakota from territory taken from the Diocese of", "id": "18993545" } ]

[ { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior () encompasses the city of Superior and the counties of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Lincoln, Oneida, Price, Polk, Rusk, Sawyer, St. Croix, Taylor, Vilas, and Washburn in northern Wisconsin, with an area of . Its episcopal see is Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is its mother church. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The diocese was established on May 3, 1905 by", "id": "9474213" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nPope Pius X. It was created from the northern part of the Diocese of La Crosse and the northwestern part of the Diocese of Green Bay, with Augustine Francis Schinner as the first bishop. Prior to the official founding of the diocese in 1905, there had already been a rich history of Catholicism in the region. Centuries earlier, Catholic missionaries had forged a dynamic presence throughout the Lake Superior region of Wisconsin. The early history of Catholicism in the state of Wisconsin started within the territory that the Diocese of Superior now encompasses,", "id": "9474214" }, { "contents": "List of museums in Wisconsin\n\n\nMarathon, Marquette, Menominee, Milwaukee, Oconto, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan Counties in the north central and northwest area: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Langlade, Lincoln, Oneida, Polk, Price, Rusk, Sawyer, Taylor, Vilas, Washburn South central and southwest area along the Mississippi and Chippewa rivers: Buffalo, Chippewa, Crawford, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Jackson, La Crosse, Pepin, Pierce, St. Croix, Trempealeau, Vernon South", "id": "7014980" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nserved for one year as pastor of St. Hubertus parish at Hubertus, Wisconsin. From 1887 to 1893 he was a member of the faculty of St. Francis Seminary. From 1893 to 1905, he served as chancellor and vicar general of the archdiocese of Milwaukee, appointed by Archbishop Frederick Katzer. The Diocese of Superior was established on May 3, 1905, formed from portions of the Diocese of Green Bay and the Diocese of La Crosse. On May 13, 1905, Pope Pius X appointed Schinner the first Bishop of the newly", "id": "5250913" }, { "contents": "United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin\n\n\nheld at Madison. The district comprises the following counties: Adams, Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Green, Iowa, Iron, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, La Crosse, Lafayette, Lincoln, Marathon, Monroe, Oneida, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Portage, Price, Richland, Rock, Rusk, Sauk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Vilas, Washburn and", "id": "19092884" }, { "contents": "2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin\n\n\na total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark (partial), Douglas, Iron, Langlade (partial), Lincoln, Marathon, Oneida, Polk, Portage, Price, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Washburn and Wood. The district is currently represented by Sean Duffy, a Republican. The PVI of the district is R+8. Duffy is running for reelection. The 8th congressional district includes Green Bay and Appleton. It", "id": "2566179" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nAugustine Francis Schinner (May 1, 1863 – February 7, 1937) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the first Bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin (1905-1913) and first Bishop of the Diocese of Spokane, Washington (1914-1925). Schinner was educated at St. Francis Seminary in Wisconsin, and was ordained to the priesthood on March 7, 1886, by Archbishop Michael Heiss of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee at the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist. He", "id": "5250912" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse\n\n\nthe Workman. The Diocese of La Crosse was established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868, from territory that was taken from what was then the Diocese of Milwaukee. It included the part of Wisconsin lying north and west of the Wisconsin River. Michael Heiss, then head of St. Francis Seminary, Milwaukee, was named the first bishop of the La Crosse episcopal see. On May 3, 1905, the territory of the Dioceses of La Crosse and Green Bay was brought together to form the Diocese of Superior,", "id": "6320305" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nuntil the formation of the Diocese of Lacrosse, and the Diocese of Green Bay, which then served the northern region. Finally, in 1905, the Diocese of Superior was created by Pope Pius X, encompassing 16 counties in northern Wisconsin. The oldest Catholic congregation in the state of Wisconsin (in continuous operation to the present-day) is within the Diocese of Superior. On July 27, 1836, Fr. Frederic Baraga arrived at La Pointe, and immediately set to work, building a log church. Fr.", "id": "9474218" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane\n\n\n, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese. The episcopal see was subsequently moved to Seattle, and the diocese was renamed the Diocese of Seattle in 1907. With a growing population in Spokane and other areas of Eastern Washington, church leadership in Seattle realized that a new diocese needed to be formed, and the Diocese of Spokane was canonically erected by Pope Pius X on December 17, 1913. The diocese's first bishop was Augustine Francis Schinner, the bishop emeritus of the Diocese of", "id": "6861839" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 25\n\n\nThe 25th District of the Wisconsin Senate is located in far north-western Wisconsin, and is currently composed of part or all of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Price, Sawyer, Vilas and Washburn counties. The district area is a mostly rural, and covers more land and more counties than any other district in Wisconsin. Janet Bewley is the senator serving the 25th district. She was elected to a four-year term in 2014. Before serving as a senator, she held an office", "id": "19471671" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nBaraga, like the Jesuit missionaries before him, had success evangelizing the native people. His congregation at La Pointe grew, and also included many early European immigrants, primarily French Fur Traders. In 1838, Fr. Baraga built a larger church at La Pointe, on the spot of the present-day location of \"St. Joseph's Catholic Church\". The first Bishop to serve the Diocese of Superior was Augustine Francis Schinner, who was consecrated as Bishop on July 25, 1905. Bishop Schinner faced many challenges, as", "id": "9474219" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\ncreated diocese. He was ordained a bishop on July 25, 1905. Traveling by train with an entourage of over 60 priests from Milwaukee, he arrived at Ashland, Wisconsin, traveled to the Apostle Islands on a short boat tour, and then continued on to Superior. There were 39 diocesan priests, 17 religious order priests serving 38,861 Catholics in 43 parishes with resident pastors, and 50 missions and 33 stations. For Catholic schools, there was 1 high school, 16 elementary and 2 boarding schools with a total enrollment of", "id": "5250914" }, { "contents": "Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway\n\n\nthe Mississippi River, it lies within parts of eight counties in Wisconsin: Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Pierce, Polk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn; and three in Minnesota: Chisago, Pine, and Washington. The upper St. Croix is a nationally renowned smallmouth bass fishery. Other fish species present in the riverway include walleye, northern pike, sturgeon, muskellunge, and catfish. The Namekagon River upstream of Hayward, Wisconsin is well known for its brown and brook trout fishing. Besides fishing, the riverway", "id": "10086875" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento\n\n\nmother church of the diocese, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament. Originally a major part of the defunct Grass Valley Diocese (which included several counties in northern California and Nevada), the present-day diocese was established by Pope Leo XIII on May 28, 1886. Today, the See of Sacramento remains a ceremonial suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the Dioceses of Honolulu, Las Vegas, Oakland, Reno, Salt Lake City, San Jose, Santa Rosa and Stockton", "id": "4599392" }, { "contents": "Saint Raphael's Cathedral (Madison, Wisconsin)\n\n\nthe state capitol. In 1853, Father Francis Etchmann began constructing the most recent church building. The cornerstone was laid on May 28, 1854 by Bishop John Henni of the Diocese of Milwaukee. He dedicated the new building because the parish was under his jurisdiction at the time. The spire and bells were added in 1885. On January 9, 1946, Pope Pius XII created the Diocese of Madison for an 11-county area in the southwestern part of the state. Territory was taken from the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and the Diocese of", "id": "1920566" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst in Australia\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst (in Australia) is a Latin Church suffragan diocese of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1865, covering the Central West and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia. The Cathedral of St Michael and St John the Baptist is the episcopal see of the Bishop of Bathurst, presently Michael McKenna. The Diocese of Bathurst was erected by Pope Pius IX on 20 June 1865. Prior to this date, the area was considered within the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Sydney, its present", "id": "21254493" }, { "contents": "Joseph Maria Koudelka\n\n\n29, 1907, Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland and he was ordained on February 25, 1908 with a special ministry to the Slavic community. On June 24, 1911 Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. He was ordained as the first auxiliary bishop of Milwaukee on September 4, 1911. On August 6, 1913, Pope Pius X appointed Koudelka the second bishop of the Diocese of Superior. He was installed at the pro-cathedral of Sacred Heart in", "id": "18330746" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nThe Archdiocese of Milwaukee () is a Roman Catholic archdiocese headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the United States. It encompasses the City of Milwaukee, as well as the counties of Dodge, Fond du Lac, Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Walworth, Washington and Waukesha, all located in Wisconsin. The Archdiocese of Milwaukee is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milwaukee, which includes the suffragan dioceses of Green Bay, La Crosse, Madison, and Superior. , Jerome Edward Listecki is the Archbishop", "id": "9546478" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering nineteen counties in northwestern Ohio. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The See city for the diocese is Toledo. The eighth and current Bishop of Toledo is Daniel Edward Thomas. Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Pius X erected the diocese April 15, 1910, in territory taken from the Diocese of Cleveland. The arms of the See of Toledo are based upon", "id": "6750935" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin's 7th congressional district\n\n\nWisconsin's 7th congressional district is a congressional district of the United States House of Representatives in northwestern and central Wisconsin; it is the largest congressional district in the state geographically, covering 20 counties (in whole or part), for a total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, St. Croix, Chippewa (partial), Clark, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Jackson (partial), Juneau (partial), Langlade, Lincoln, Marathon,", "id": "8780919" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez () is located in the northern Mexican city of the same name, across the Río Grande from El Paso, Texas. It is part of the ecclesiastical province of Chihuahua and is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Chihuahua . The Diocese of Ciudad Juárez was erected by Pope Pius XII on 10 April 1957 from the Diocese of Chihuahua because of the population growth in the northern part of the state of Chihuahua. Pope Pius named Manuel Talamás Camandari as the first bishop, and by 1966", "id": "13992785" }, { "contents": "Superior, Wisconsin\n\n\nSuperior come from the Duluth market: Superior is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Francis Xavier Catholic Church, located in the East End of Superior, has been noted for its architecture. Christ Evangelical Lutheran Church is the only congregation of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod located in Superior. It recently moved from its original location on Belknap Street to a new campus on North 28th Street. Pilgrim Lutheran Church is located", "id": "4103054" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi (\"Dioecesis Uromiensis\") in Uromi, Edo State, Nigeria was created on December 14, 2005, when it was split off from the Archdiocese of Benin City. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Benin City. Its first bishop was Augustine Obiora Akubeze (who was named Archbishop of Benin City in March 2011). The St Anthony of Padua church in Uromi was selected to be its cathedral. The canonical erection of the diocese and the episcopal ordination of the bishop took", "id": "2286692" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the northwestern United States, comprising the northern regions of the state of Alaska. It is led by a bishop who serves as pastor of the mother church, Sacred Heart Cathedral in the City of Fairbanks. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Anchorage. The See of Fairbanks was established from the Prefecture Apostolic of Alaska on July 27, 1894, which was created from the Diocese of Vancouver Island. It was", "id": "7747608" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough () is a suffragan Latin diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kingston, Ontario that includes part of the federal Province of Ontario in inland Canada. Its episcopal see is the Cathedral of Saint Peter-in-Chains in Peterborough, Ontario. On March 10, 2017, the Pope named former Hamilton Auxiliary Bishop Daniel J. Miehm as the new Bishop of Peterborough. Established on 25 January 1874 as Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Canada, on territory split off from the Diocese of Kingston", "id": "5387249" }, { "contents": "Catholic Diocese of Guiratinga\n\n\nThe Diocese of Guiratinga (Dioecesis Guiratingensis) was a former ecclesiastical circumscription of the Catholic Church in Brazil, belonging to the Ecclesiastical Province of Cuiabá and the West II Regional Bishops' Council of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil, being a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cuiabá. The episcopal see is the Cathedral St. John the Baptist in the city of Guiratinga in the state of Mato Grosso. The Prelature Registry Araguaia (Territorialis Praelatura Registrensis or Territorialis Praelatura registration Araguaia) was erected on May 12, 1914 by Pope Pius X", "id": "4926427" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America encompassing the northwestern third of Wisconsin. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). The faith community comprises 20 interdependent congregations, mostly small and rural. The see and diocesan offices are in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, with Christ Church Cathedral as the mother church. Christ Church in La Crosse is the largest church in the diocese. The roots of the Diocese of Eau Claire begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians", "id": "2071071" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Motherwell\n\n\nCumbernauld and the area of Auchinloch) and South Lanarkshire. The diocese, along with the Diocese of Paisley, was erected as a Suffragan See by the Apostolic Constitution \"Maxime interest\" on 25 May 1947. The new See took part of the Archdiocese of Glasgow (becoming its Suffragan See) and part of the Diocese of Galloway. At present the diocese is vacant. The most recent Bishop of Motherwell was the Right Reverend Joseph Devine, whose resignation was accepted by Pope Francis on 30 May 2013. On Tuesday 29 April", "id": "3729293" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 28\n\n\nBayfield), Pepin, Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix Counties. The first Senator from the 28th was William Wilson of Menomonie, who served in the 1857 session (the tenth session of the Wisconsin Legislature). The district has also been represented by: As of the redistricting of 1861, the 28th now consisted of Ashland, Burnett, Dallas (later renamed Barron), Douglas, La Pointe (later renamed Bayfield), Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix counties (it was not changed in the redistricting of", "id": "2063122" }, { "contents": "List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Northern Ireland\n\n\nIn the Roman Catholic Church, the entirety of Northern Ireland is comprehended by the ecclesiastical province of Armagh. The eponymous archdiocese and five of its suffragan dioceses cover the area of Northern Ireland. The diocesan and archdiocesan boundaries are not coterminous with the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Only two dioceses are entirely contained within Northern Ireland: Down and Connor and the Diocese of Dromore. Three dioceses and the Archdiocese of Armagh straddle the border. The Archdiocese and its suffragans are all part of the Episcopal conference of Ireland", "id": "14015256" }, { "contents": "Anglican Bishop of Nottingham\n\n\nThe Anglican Bishop of Nottingham was an episcopal title used by a Church of England suffragan bishop. The title took its name after the county town of Nottingham and was first created under the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534. Until 1837, Nottingham had been part of the Diocese of York, when it then became part of the Diocese of Lincoln. With the creation of the Diocese of Southwell in 1884, Nottingham became part of that diocese, but the then- (and final) bishop remained suffragan to Lincoln. Since 2005, Nottingham gives", "id": "20176138" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell () is an ecclesiastical diocese of the Catholic Church in Scotland. The diocese, which was erected on 25 May 1947 by Pope Pius XII from the Archdiocese of Glasgow, along with the Diocese of Paisley which was erected on the same day, remains one of two suffragan sees under the Archdiocese. On Tuesday 29 April 2014 - the Feast of St Catherine of Siena - Pope Francis appointed Joseph Toal as the fifth Bishop of Motherwell. In 2004, the Catholic population, proportionately the largest in", "id": "16456386" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nnative people, and baptized over 1,000 converts. During this time, the region was being overseen by French Catholic leaders in Quebec, which became a diocese in 1674, encompassing all of North America east of the Mississippi River. In 1791, the region was transferred to the Diocese of Baltimore, which was the first Catholic diocese created in the then-newly formed United States. In 1843, the Diocese of Milwaukee was established, and consisted of the entire state of Wisconsin. Northern Wisconsin remained within the Diocese of Milwaukee,", "id": "9474217" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nEpiscopal Diocese of Milwaukee, originally the Diocese of Wisconsin is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America located in the southern area of Wisconsin. It is in Province V (for the Midwest region). The Rt. Reverend Steven Miller is the bishop. The see city is Milwaukee. Cathedral Church of All Saints, Milwaukee is the mother church. The diocese was formed after Jackson Kemper was named the Episcopal Church's first missionary bishop and oversaw the church's mission to the Northwest Territories from 1835 to", "id": "2071175" }, { "contents": "Joseph G. Pinten\n\n\nvicar general, in 1919 purchased dormitory property of Northern Normal College and donated it to the diocese to use as a church with conditions that it be named after Saint Michael and that the new parish build a school. On November 30, 1921, Pope Benedict XV appointed Pinten the third bishop of the Superior Diocese. He was ordained bishop on May 3, 1922 at St. Peter Cathedral with Archbishop Sebastian Messmer of Milwaukee presiding. The next day an enthronement ceremony was held a Sacred Heart pro-cathedral in Superior. After his", "id": "18330981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kansas City–Saint Joseph\n\n\nXIII established the Diocese of Kansas City, with territories taken from the Archdiocese of St. Louis. Its first bishop was John Joseph Hogan. On July 2, 1956, the diocese incorporated part of the territory of the Diocese of Saint Joseph, which had been established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868. On the same date in 1956 part of the Diocese of Kansas City's territory went to establish the Diocese of Jefferson City and the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau. The diocese received its present name and boundaries", "id": "13839607" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Kerry\n\n\nThe Bishop of Kerry is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kerry, one of the suffragan dioceses of the Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly in Ireland. The Episcopal see changed its name from Ardfert and Aghadoe to Kerry on 20 December 1952. The bishop's seat (Cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church Saint Mary, Killarney. The current bishop is the Most Reverend Raymond Browne who was appointed Bishop of Kerry by Pope Francis on 2 May 2013 and received episcopal consecration at St Mary's Cathedral, Killarney on 21", "id": "20835420" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle\n\n\nas a result by 1850 the Diocese of Walla Walla was abandoned and its merged-in territory administered from Oregon City. On May 31, 1850, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese, with Augustin Blanchet as bishop. In January 1851, Augustin Blanchet dedicated St. James Church near Fort Vancouver as the new diocese's cathedral. A new St. James Cathedral was built in Vancouver, Washington in 1885. In 1903 Bishop Edward O'Dea, realizing that Vancouver was no longer the economic and", "id": "6861805" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nthe head of the new diocese, including the need to recruit priests to serve the growing number of parishes throughout the diocese. By the time Bishop Schinner resigned as the bishop of Superior in 1913, he saw the pool of priests grow from 39 diocesan priests in 1905 to 62 in 1913. Today, there are now 105 parishes within the Diocese of Superior. The following is a list of the Roman Catholic Bishops of the Diocese of Superior and their years of service: The Diocese of Superior has a membership of 73,638 Catholics", "id": "9474220" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Northern California. The diocese comprises Alameda and Contra Costa Counties in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Cathedral of Christ the Light serves as the bishop's seat, replacing the Cathedral of Saint Francis de Sales which was demolished after the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989. Once a part of the Archdiocese of San Francisco, the Diocese of Oakland remains a suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the", "id": "4599275" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\ndioceses which did not formally claim any continuity with the pre-Elizabethan English dioceses were created. The Vicariate Apostolic of the Northern District was duly elevated to diocese status as the Diocese of Hexham. On 23 May 1861 the diocese became the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, it was assigned to the newly created Province of Liverpool. The present diocese covers an area of 7,700 km²", "id": "3501975" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\n1859. He became provisional bishop of Wisconsin from 1847 to 1854 and first bishop of the Diocese of Wisconsin from 1854 to 1870. In 1875, the Diocese of Fond du Lac was created to serve the northeastern 26 counties of the state. The Diocese of Eau Claire, was carved out of the diocese in 1928 for the counties in the northwestern part of Wisconsin. The Diocese of Wisconsin became the Diocese of Milwaukee in 1886. Over the last few years the membership has declined from 15,000 to 11,000. Nashotah House, in", "id": "2071176" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson\n\n\nThe Diocese of Paterson is a diocese of the Roman Rite of the Latin Catholic Church in the United States, which includes three counties in northern New Jersey: Passaic, Morris, and Sussex. The city of Paterson, third-largest in the state of New Jersey, was chosen as the episcopal see, even though the vast majority of diocesan territory lies west of the city. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Newark, and is part of Region III of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. The", "id": "14672461" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay () was established on March 3, 1868, by Pope Pius IX. It covers the city of Green Bay, as well as Brown, Calumet, Door, Florence, Forest, Kewaunee, Langlade, Manitowoc, Marinette, Menominee, Oconto, Outagamie, Shawano, Waupaca, Waushara and Winnebago counties in Wisconsin. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The earliest trace of the Catholic faith in the Green Bay area was in 1634. Jesuits followed Jean Nicolet to", "id": "9417148" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering the parishes of northern Louisiana, and a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. Its bishop is part of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and belongs to Conference Region V (which includes Alabama, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee). Its mother church is the Cathedral of Saint John Berchmans, in Shreveport. The Diocese of Shreveport was canonically erected on June 16, 1986 when Pope John Paul II split the former Diocese of", "id": "18926928" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids () is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in western Michigan, in the United States. It comprises 102 churches in 11 counties in West Michigan. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Detroit. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of Saint Andrew. On April 18, 2013, Pope Francis accepted Bishop Walter A. Hurley's resignation and appointed the Rev. David J. Walkowiak to be the twelfth Bishop of Grand Rapids. The diocese was created from territory taken from", "id": "221824" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Suacia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Svač (, , ) was a bishopric with see in the town of Svač (Latinized as Suacia), which is today the village lying to the east of Ulcinj in Montenegro that is called in Serbian Шас, in Croat Šas and in Albanian Shas. The area was part of the late Roman province of Dalmatia Superior, and the Catholic Church, which includes the diocese in its list of Latin titular sees, accordingly treats it as a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Doclea. The diocese of Svač (", "id": "4011385" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck () is a Roman Catholic diocese in North Dakota. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop David Kagan. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Bismarck. The Cathedral parish of the diocese is Cathedral of the Holy Spirit. On December 31, 1909 Saint Pius X established the Diocese of Bismarck. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Fargo. The list of bishops of the diocese and their terms of service", "id": "18993019" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fiesole\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fiesole () is a Roman Catholic diocese in Tuscany, central Italy, whose episcopal see is the city of Fiesole. Fiesole was directly subject to the pope until 1420, when the archdiocese of Florence was created and Fiesole was made one of its suffragan bishops. It is still a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Florence. According to local legend the Gospel was first preached at Fiesole by Messius Romulus, said to have been a disciple of St. Peter. Documentary evidence, however, is from the 9th and", "id": "3288239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangalore\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Bangalore () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in India. It was erected as the Diocese of Bangalore on 13 February 1940 by Pope Pius XII, and elevated to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese on 19 September 1953, with the suffragan sees of Belgaum, Bellary, Chikmagalur, Gulbarga, Karwar, Mangalore, Udupi, Mysore, and Shimoga. The archdiocese's mother church and thus seat of its archbishop is the St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral; Bangalore also houses", "id": "9571833" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City () is a Roman Catholic diocese in western South Dakota, United States. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Robert Dwayne Gruss. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Rapid City. The Cathedral parish is the Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. On August 6, 1902 Saint Pius X established the diocese as the Diocese of Lead. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Sioux Falls. The", "id": "18993239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong is a suffragan Latin Rite diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1951, covering the Illawarra and Southern Highlands regions of New South Wales, Australia. St Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Wollongong is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Wollongong, currently Brian Mascord. On 15 November 1951, Pope Pius XII announced that a new diocese would be created from the two archdioceses of Sydney and Canberra & Goulburn. To be named Wollongong, the diocese was officially established on 11 February 1952.", "id": "21254634" }, { "contents": "Cathedral of Christ the King (Superior, Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Cathedral of Christ the King is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior in Superior, Wisconsin. It was named in honor of Christ the King. The building is located at 1111 Belknap Street in Superior. When the Diocese of Superior was established in 1905 Sacred Heart church, which had been established in the 1880s, was designated the pro-cathedral. Sacred Heart continued in this function until 1926. The cathedral construction project was announced in February 1926 and the groundbreaking occurred on June 23, 1926. Bishop", "id": "2884619" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nsuffragan sees were erected in Indiana and Illinois. In 1843 the Illinois portion of the diocese became the Diocese of Chicago. On 8 January 1857 the northern half of Indiana comprised the Diocese of Fort Wayne. On 28 March 1898 the episcopal diocese was transferred from Vincennes to Indianapolis, and the Diocese of Vincennes became the Diocese of Indianapolis. In 1944 Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese and founded two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The city of Vincennes, the former", "id": "4928244" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary () is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States of America. It was founded on December 17, 1956, by Pope Pius XII. It is one of four suffragan dioceses of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Its ecclesiastic territory includes Lake, Porter, LaPorte, and Starke counties in northwestern Indiana. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of the Holy Angels in Gary, Indiana. During the first half of the 20th century, many Catholic immigrants", "id": "17635414" }, { "contents": "Red Cedar River (Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Red Cedar River in northwestern Wisconsin is a tributary of the Chippewa River. According to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the river flows approximately 100 miles from southwestern Sawyer County to its confluence with the Chippewa southeast of Dunnville in southern Dunn County. It drains portions of eight Wisconsin counties: Barron, Chippewa, Dunn, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn. Important tributaries include the Chetek River and the Hay River. Important settlements along the river's course include Cameron, Rice Lake, Colfax,", "id": "2013455" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\n, he chose Indianapolis, the state capital of Indiana and the largest city in the diocese, as the new seat of the episcopal see. Between 1837 and 1882 seventy-five priests were ordained at St. Francis Xavier, including Michael E. Shawe, the first priest ordained in Indiana. In 1898 the episcopal see was moved to Indianapolis and it became the Diocese of Indianapolis. Bishop Chatard was its first bishop. St. Francis Xavier remained under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Indianapolis from 1898 to 1944, when Pope Pius XII elevated", "id": "1660117" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln () is a Catholic diocese in Nebraska, United States, and comprises the majority of the eastern and central portions of the state south of the Platte River. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Omaha. The episcopal see is in Lincoln, Nebraska. Bishop James D. Conley is the current ordinary of the Diocese. The Cathedral of the Risen Christ is the cathedral parish of the diocese. The diocese was established on August 2, 1887, by Pope Leo XIII from the territory", "id": "18992119" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná () is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Concordia and Gualeguaychú. On 13 June 1859, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of Paraná from the Diocese of Buenos Aires. It lost territory to the Diocese of Santa Fe when it was created in 1897 and the Diocese of Corrientes in 1910. The Diocese of Paraná was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope Pius XI on 20 April 1934. It lost territory two more times when the dioceses of Gualeguaychú (1957) and Concordia (1961", "id": "14584212" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nDiocese of Indianapolis. Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese in 1944, and erected two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The Diocese of Gary, Indiana, was erected in 1956. The Evansville Diocese absorbed the city of Vincennes upon its creation. The first four Bishops of Vincennes resided at the seat of the episcopal diocese in Vincennes. Their remains are buried in the crypt of St. Francis Xavier Basilica, Vincennes. Bishop Chatard, who resided in Indianapolis and also served", "id": "4928227" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kumba\n\n\nThe Diocese of Kumba (Latin: \"Diocesis Kumbana;\" French: \"Diocèse de Kumba\") is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the African country of Cameroon. Headquartered in Kumba, the diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart and its bishop is Agapitus Enuyehnyoh Nfon. The diocese was created on 15 March 2016 by Pope Francis from territory in the Diocese of Buéa, and it is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Bamenda. On 15 March 2016, Pope Francis established the Diocese of Kumba", "id": "4860060" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grass Valley\n\n\nThe Diocese of Grass Valley () now a titular see, was formerly a residential diocese of the Catholic Church located in northeastern California, United States. The diocese also included most of Nevada, and, early in its history, Utah and part of Colorado. The particular church that became the Diocese of Grass Valley was erected in by Pope Pius IX in 1860 as the Vicariate Apostolic of Marysville from territory formerly belonging to the Archdiocese of San Francisco, of which it was a suffragan see. In 1868, the see city", "id": "1681182" }, { "contents": "James Patrick Powers\n\n\nJames Patrick Powers (born February 6, 1953) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church and the eleventh bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin. Powers was born in Baldwin, Wisconsin on February 6, 1953. He graduated from St. Croix Central High School, in Hammond, Wisconsin, and from Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Powers was ordained a priest of the Superior Diocese on May 20, 1990. He served as administrator of the diocese from December 2014 to February 2016,", "id": "11695981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Teggiano-Policastro\n\n\nThe Italian Latin Catholic Diocese of (Diano-)Teggiano-Policastro (), in Campania, has existed since 1850, under its present name since 1986. In that year the Diocese of Diano-Teggiano was united with the diocese of Policastro. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno. Its cathedral episcopal see is the Marian Cattedrale di S. Maria Maggiore e S. Michele Arcangelo, in Teggiano. The current bishop is Antonio De Luca. On 29 September 1850, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of", "id": "18017079" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth is a Latin Church Roman Catholic diocese in England. The episcopal see is in the city of Plymouth, Devon, where the bishop's seat (cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church of St Mary and St Boniface. Erected as the Diocese of Plymouth in 1850 by Pope Pius IX, from the Apostolic Vicariate of the Western District, the diocese has remained jurisdictionally constant since. Since 1965, the diocese has been a suffragan see of the Ecclesiastical Province of Southwark; before then, from", "id": "8307114" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson (, ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the southwestern region of the United States. It is a suffragan see of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santa Fe. The diocese was recently led by its seventh bishop, Most Reverend Gerald Frederick Kicanas, who retired on October 3, 2017. The See city for the diocese is Tucson, Arizona, and its cathedral parish is the St. Augustine. Another church of special interest is the Mission San Xavier del Bac, also", "id": "7747261" }, { "contents": "Diocese of Rochester\n\n\n) were added to Rochester, while all West Kent parishes except those in the Rochester Deanery were transferred to the Diocese of Canterbury. In May 1877, Essex and Hertfordshire became part of the newly created Diocese of St Albans. On 1 August 1877, the Diocese of Rochester gained some northern parts of Surrey from the Diocese of Winchester which were later transferred to the Diocese of Southwark at its creation in 1905. The present diocesan bishop, the Bishop of Rochester, is James Langstaff. The diocese also has a suffragan bishop:", "id": "3447784" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the Ecclesiastical Province of Cincinnati covering 23 counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The episcopal see of the diocese is situated at Columbus. The diocese was erected on March 3, 1868 by Pope Pius IX out of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. On October 21, 1944 the diocese lost territory when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Steubenville. The Catholic faith was brought in the area by the Dominican Order in Somerset. They established St. Joseph's Parish", "id": "6750859" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral (Alexandria, Louisiana)\n\n\n, and the clock was installed in 1908. Because of the newly constructed church and Alexandria's central location, Bishop Cornelius Van de Ven petitioned the Roman Curia to transfer the seat of the diocese from Natchitoches to Alexandria. Pope Pius X created the suffragan Diocese of Alexandria on . St. Francis Xavier Church was elevated to the rank of cathedral of the newly created diocese. The current bishop of Alexandria is Sede Vacante, and the rector of the cathedral is Father James A. Ferguson. The cathedral's rose windows are the largest in", "id": "16556508" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of Ohio. Pope Pius IX erected the diocese April 23, 1847, in territory taken from the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The diocese lost territory in 1910 when Pope Pius X erected the Diocese of Toledo, and in 1943 when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Youngstown. It is currently the 17th-largest diocese in the United States by population, encompassing the counties of Ashland, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Medina,", "id": "6750690" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pavia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Pavia () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It has been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan only since 1817. Previous to the reorganization of the hierarchy in northern Italy by Pope Pius VII after the expulsion of the French and the Congress of Vienna, the diocese of Pavia had depended directly upon the Holy See, despite repeated failed attempts on the part of the Archbishops of Milan to claim control. The diocese has produced one Pope and Patriarch of Venice, and three cardinals. The", "id": "9177548" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza () is an archdiocese located in the city of Fortaleza in Brazil. On June 6, 1854, it was established by Pope Pius IX, as the Diocese of Ceará from the Diocese of Olinda. Formerly a part of the Diocese of Pernambuco, the district was erected into a separate diocese, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Bahia. João Guerino Gomes was named as first bishop but did not accept the appointment. Father Gomes, who was famous in his day both as an orator and as", "id": "5595432" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lansing\n\n\nThe Catholic Diocese of Lansing () is located in Lansing, Michigan. It encompasses an area of including the counties of Clinton, Eaton, Genesee, Hillsdale, Ingham, Jackson, Lenawee, Livingston, Shiawassee and Washtenaw. It is a suffragan diocese of the ecclesiastical province of Detroit. Pope Pius XI created the Diocese of Lansing May 22, 1937 by taking territory from the Archdiocese of Detroit. In July 1971, Pope Paul VI separated territory from the Lansing Diocese and territory from the Diocese of Grand Rapids to form the", "id": "4281991" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza () is in Argentina and is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Neuquén and San Rafael. On 20 April 1934, Pope Pius XI established the Diocese of Mendoza from the Diocese of San Juan de Cuyo. It lost territory to the Diocese of San Rafael when it was created in 1961. At the same time, the Diocese of Mendoza was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope John XXIII on 10 April 1961./small On 5 May 2017, Kosaka Kumiko, a Japanese-Argentinian nun,", "id": "15288343" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City () is the Roman Catholic diocese for the northwestern quarter of the US state of Iowa. The diocese comprises 24 counties in northwestern Iowa, and it covers an area of . The See city for the diocese is Sioux City. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The cathedral parish for this diocese is the Epiphany. R. Walker Nickless was ordained as bishop of Sioux City on 20 January 2006. On 24 July, 1900, Pope Leo XIII issued a papal bull", "id": "394842" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis\n\n\nlater period the church first came into the area with the arrival of missionaries and European settlers. The original see was canonically erected by Pope Pius IX on July 19, 1850 as the Diocese of Saint Paul of Minnesota, a suffragan episcopal see of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis. The Diocese's territory was taken from that of Dubuque, and its authority spread over all of Minnesota Territory, which consisted of the area which now composes the states of Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota and also comprises the modern archdiocese's ecclesiastical", "id": "7457113" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Sherborne\n\n\nThe Bishop of Sherborne is an episcopal title which takes its name from the market town of Sherborne in Dorset, England. The see of Sherborne was established in around 705 by St Aldhelm, the Abbot of Malmesbury. This see was the mother diocese of the greater part of southwestern England in Saxon times, but after the Norman Conquest was incorporated into the new Diocese of Salisbury. The title Bishop of Sherborne is now used by the Church of England for a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Salisbury. In 1925, the title", "id": "4184192" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\nthe episcopal see to the Archdiocese of Indianapolis and established two new suffragan diocese in Indiana: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. On 14 March 1970 Pope Paul VI raised the status of St. Francis Xavier Cathedral to a basilica. The present Greek Revival-style basilica dates from 1826, making it the oldest Catholic church in Indiana. It was built on or near the site of two earlier churches. The first chapel, a crude structure measuring 22 feet by 66 feet, with log posts, mud daub,", "id": "1660118" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Caserta\n\n\nThe Diocese of Caserta () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Campania, southern Italy. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Naples. In 1818 Pope Pius VII united this see with the diocese of Caiazzo, but Pope Pius IX made them separate sees. In 2013 in the diocese of Caserta there was one priest for every 1,703 Catholics. It is not known when Caserta became an episcopal see. The first-known bishop was Ranulfo whose election in 1113 was confirmed by Senne, Archbishop of Capua. \"Erected", "id": "16395150" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia\n\n\nThe Italian Catholic Diocese of Pescia () is in Tuscany. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Pisa. In 1519 Pope Leo X withdrew Pescia from the archdiocese of Lucca, raising it to the dignity of a prelacy nullius; and in 1726 it was made a diocese, suffragan of Pisa. Its first bishop was Bartolommeo Pucci (1728). Others were Francesco Vicenti (1773–1801), and Giulio Serafini. On 25 November 2015, Pope Francis appointed as the new Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia,", "id": "15933634" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur\n\n\nLumpur was dedicated to St John the evangelist in 1883, and would be later known as St. John's Cathedral, the Mother Church of Kuala Lumpur. In 1955, the Diocese of Malacca became a Metropolitan Archdiocese, with the newly formed Diocese of Penang and Diocese of Kuala Lumpur as its suffragan sees. Bishop Dominic Vendargon was appointed as the first Bishop of Kuala Lumpur, and was ordained in the same year. In 1972, the Diocese of Kuala Lumpur was elevated into an Archdiocese, with the suffragan dioceses of Penang and", "id": "14666462" }, { "contents": "WESTconsin Credit Union\n\n\nanyone who lives or works in the Wisconsin counties of Barron, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Dunn, Eau Claire, Jackson, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau or Washburn, or the Minnesota counties of Anoka, Chisago, Dakota, Goodhue, Isanti, Ramsey, Wabasha, and Washington with a $5 deposit in a membership share (savings) account. Presently, \"WEST\"consin Credit Union has five fully operational high school offices that are located in Amery,", "id": "1182556" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zamboanga\n\n\nthe future city of Zamboanga. On January 20, 1933, Pope Pius XI divided Mindanao into two areas. Southern Mindanao including the Sulu Archipelago became under the jurisdiction of Zamboanga. Northern Mindanao became under the Diocese of Cagayan de Oro. In 1951 Cagayan de Oro became an archdiocese, the first in the island of Mindanao. All episcopal jurisdictions in Mindanao and Sulu, including Zamboanga, became suffragans of this archdiocese. The Diocese of Zamboanga was further divided when the Prelature Nullius of Davao was established and separated in 1949; the", "id": "18254813" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiavari\n\n\nThe Diocese of Chiavari () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Liguria, northern Italy. It was created on 3 December 1892 by Pope Leo XIII in the Bull \"Romani Pontifices\". It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Genoa. Chiavari became an episcopal see in 1892, but until 1896 it was administered by Tommaso Reggio, the Archbishop of Genoa, to which diocese it originally belonged, through his Auxiliary Bishop and Vicar General, Fortunato Vinelli, titular bishop of Epiphania (Cilicia, Ottoman Empire). The", "id": "15328930" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of El Paso\n\n\nwest Texas were served by travelling priests in car and horseback. After Pinto's efforts, Catholic parishes began to flourish in El Paso. On 3 March 1914, Pope Pius X established the Diocese of El Paso as a suffragan see of Santa Fe. The diocese covered nearly in West Texas and southern New Mexico and was created from parts of the dioceses of Dallas, San Antonio and Tucson. Jesuit priest Father John J. Brown was appointed bishop of the newly created diocese on 22 January 1915 but resigned before his scheduled consecration.", "id": "18993686" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai (; ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Municipality of Shanghai, China. It was erected on December 13, 1933 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Shanghai by Pope Pius XI, and was later elevated to the rank of a diocese on April 11, 1946 by Pope Pius XII. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Nanking. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is St. Ignatius Cathedral; it also houses a minor basilica in Sheshan", "id": "15983488" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta is a suffragan Latin Church diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1986. The Diocese of Parramatta is an organisation of the Roman Catholic Church, with responsibility for the western suburbs of Sydney and the Blue Mountains, in New South Wales, Australia. St Patrick's Cathedral, Parramatta, is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Parramatta. On 5 May 2016, Pope Francis appointed Vincent Long Van Nguyen OFM Conv to be its fourth bishop. His installation took place on 16 June 2016", "id": "21254601" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Utah\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Utah is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States, encompassing the state of Utah, less that part of the Four Corners region which is in the Navajoland Area Mission. It includes a small part of northern Arizona. In 1867, the Episcopal Church was the first Protestant church organized in Utah. The diocesan offices and cathedral, St. Mark's Cathedral, are in Salt Lake City. The current bishop is Scott B. Hayashi, whose consecration took place on November 6, 2010 and was installed", "id": "17667064" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton is a suffragan see of Archdiocese of Philadelphia, established on March 3, 1868. The seat of the bishop is St. Peter's Cathedral in Scranton, PA. Other cities in the diocese are Wilkes-Barre, Williamsport, Hazleton, Nanticoke, Carbondale, and Pittston. The diocese comprises Lackawanna, Luzerne, Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne, Tioga, Sullivan, Wyoming, Lycoming, Pike, and Monroe counties, all in the northeastern part of Pennsylvania. The area of the diocese is .", "id": "10915059" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the United States. It comprises the territory of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agaña. The diocese was canonically erected on 8 November 1984 by Pope John Paul II. Its territories were taken from the archdiocese based in Guam. The Diocese of Chalan Kanoa is led by a prelate bishop who pastors the mother church, the Our Lady of Mount Carmel Cathedral on Saipan.", "id": "5619001" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Mantua\n\n\nThe Diocese of Mantua () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It was erected in 804, and is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan. The diocese has produced one Pope and (Latin) Patriarch of Constantinople, and two cardinals. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is the Cathedral of S. Pietro Apostolo; Mantua also contains the Basilica of Sant'Andrea. The last Bishop of Mantua iss Gianmarco Busca, appointed by Pope Francis on June 3, 2016. The bishops emeriti are Egidio", "id": "9176744" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kota Kinabalu\n\n\nafter its see. On 31 May 1976 the vicariate was elevated to a full Diocese of Kota Kinabalu, suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kuching. The diocese lost territories twice, to create its present suffragans : On 23 May 2008, the diocese was elevated to Metropolitan Archdiocese, whose ecclesiastical province comprises the above suffragan dioceses, both formerly part of the original territory of the diocese of Kota Kinabalu: the Diocese of Keningau and the Diocese of Sandakan. On 21 June 2010, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Rev.", "id": "11660795" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\nthe diocese in 1850, Pius IX appointed Bishop William Hogarth, Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District, to be the first bishop of the diocese. The Parish Church of Saint Mary, Newcastle upon Tyne, designed by Augustus Welby Pugin, was selected as the seat for the new bishop, gaining cathedral status. In 1924, Pope Pius XI withdrew the old counties of Cumberland and Westmorland to incorporate them into a newly created Diocese of Lancaster. For this reason, the Lancaster diocese still considers St Cuthbert as one of its principal", "id": "6620884" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nof the Diocese of Wisconsin. In 1870, Fond du Lac was the second largest city in Wisconsin. The remaining counties continued as the Diocese of Wisconsin until 1888, when it was renamed the Diocese of Milwaukee. In 1875, after three elections, John Henry Hobart Brown accepted election as first bishop and was consecrated December 15, 1875 at St. John's Episcopal Church, Cohoes, New York. Brown declared the city of Fond du Lac and St. Paul's Church as the episcopal See. The other viable location was Christ", "id": "2071144" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fond du Lac is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, encompassing the northeastern third of Wisconsin. The diocese contains about 5,700 baptized members worshipping in 37 locations. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). Diocesan offices are in Appleton, Wisconsin. The Diocesan Archives are maintained in Grafton Hall behind the Cathedral in Fond du Lac. Matthew Gunter is its bishop. The roots of the Diocese of Fond du Lac begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians, removing from", "id": "2071141" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spiš\n\n\nThe Diocese of Spiš (, ) is a Roman Catholic diocese in northern Slovakia. It covers central and eastern parts of the Žilina Region and western part of the Prešov Region. Its seat is in Spišská Kapitula; the diocese covers an area of 7,802 km² with 583,633 people of which 76.6% are of Catholic faith (2004). The current bishop is Štefan Sečka. The diocese was established on 13 March 1776 as a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Esztergom. In 1804, its metropolitan was changed to the Archdiocese of Eger", "id": "12385676" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Salford\n\n\n-Elizabethan English dioceses of which one of these was the diocese of Salford and went on to take up the reins of part of the former Vicariate Apostolic of the Lancashire District. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but a further development was its assignment under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, to a newly created Province of Liverpool. At the diocese's creation the territory assigned to it was the hundreds of Salford and Blackburn. The diocese currently covers an", "id": "3729210" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering twenty-eight counties in Kansas. Pope Pius XII created the diocese on May 19, 1951. John B. Brungardt was appointed Bishop of Dodge City in December 2010. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City encompasses 23,000-square-miles, and 50 parishes in 28 counties. It was established in 1951 from parts of the Diocese of Wichita, the Diocese of Leavenworth, and the Vicariate Apostolic of the Indian Territory established July 19, 1850. At that", "id": "17635532" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It comprises that part of South Dakota east of the Missouri River. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Paul J. Swain. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Sioux Falls. The cathedral parish is St. Joseph Cathedral. On August 12, 1879 Pope Leo XIII established the Vicariate Apostolic of Dakota from territory taken from the Diocese of", "id": "18993545" } ]

[ { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior () encompasses the city of Superior and the counties of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Lincoln, Oneida, Price, Polk, Rusk, Sawyer, St. Croix, Taylor, Vilas, and Washburn in northern Wisconsin, with an area of . Its episcopal see is Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is its mother church. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The diocese was established on May 3, 1905 by", "id": "9474213" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nPope Pius X. It was created from the northern part of the Diocese of La Crosse and the northwestern part of the Diocese of Green Bay, with Augustine Francis Schinner as the first bishop. Prior to the official founding of the diocese in 1905, there had already been a rich history of Catholicism in the region. Centuries earlier, Catholic missionaries had forged a dynamic presence throughout the Lake Superior region of Wisconsin. The early history of Catholicism in the state of Wisconsin started within the territory that the Diocese of Superior now encompasses,", "id": "9474214" }, { "contents": "List of museums in Wisconsin\n\n\nMarathon, Marquette, Menominee, Milwaukee, Oconto, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan Counties in the north central and northwest area: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Langlade, Lincoln, Oneida, Polk, Price, Rusk, Sawyer, Taylor, Vilas, Washburn South central and southwest area along the Mississippi and Chippewa rivers: Buffalo, Chippewa, Crawford, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Jackson, La Crosse, Pepin, Pierce, St. Croix, Trempealeau, Vernon South", "id": "7014980" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nserved for one year as pastor of St. Hubertus parish at Hubertus, Wisconsin. From 1887 to 1893 he was a member of the faculty of St. Francis Seminary. From 1893 to 1905, he served as chancellor and vicar general of the archdiocese of Milwaukee, appointed by Archbishop Frederick Katzer. The Diocese of Superior was established on May 3, 1905, formed from portions of the Diocese of Green Bay and the Diocese of La Crosse. On May 13, 1905, Pope Pius X appointed Schinner the first Bishop of the newly", "id": "5250913" }, { "contents": "United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin\n\n\nheld at Madison. The district comprises the following counties: Adams, Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Green, Iowa, Iron, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, La Crosse, Lafayette, Lincoln, Marathon, Monroe, Oneida, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Portage, Price, Richland, Rock, Rusk, Sauk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Vilas, Washburn and", "id": "19092884" }, { "contents": "2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin\n\n\na total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark (partial), Douglas, Iron, Langlade (partial), Lincoln, Marathon, Oneida, Polk, Portage, Price, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Washburn and Wood. The district is currently represented by Sean Duffy, a Republican. The PVI of the district is R+8. Duffy is running for reelection. The 8th congressional district includes Green Bay and Appleton. It", "id": "2566179" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nAugustine Francis Schinner (May 1, 1863 – February 7, 1937) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the first Bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin (1905-1913) and first Bishop of the Diocese of Spokane, Washington (1914-1925). Schinner was educated at St. Francis Seminary in Wisconsin, and was ordained to the priesthood on March 7, 1886, by Archbishop Michael Heiss of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee at the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist. He", "id": "5250912" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse\n\n\nthe Workman. The Diocese of La Crosse was established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868, from territory that was taken from what was then the Diocese of Milwaukee. It included the part of Wisconsin lying north and west of the Wisconsin River. Michael Heiss, then head of St. Francis Seminary, Milwaukee, was named the first bishop of the La Crosse episcopal see. On May 3, 1905, the territory of the Dioceses of La Crosse and Green Bay was brought together to form the Diocese of Superior,", "id": "6320305" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nuntil the formation of the Diocese of Lacrosse, and the Diocese of Green Bay, which then served the northern region. Finally, in 1905, the Diocese of Superior was created by Pope Pius X, encompassing 16 counties in northern Wisconsin. The oldest Catholic congregation in the state of Wisconsin (in continuous operation to the present-day) is within the Diocese of Superior. On July 27, 1836, Fr. Frederic Baraga arrived at La Pointe, and immediately set to work, building a log church. Fr.", "id": "9474218" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane\n\n\n, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese. The episcopal see was subsequently moved to Seattle, and the diocese was renamed the Diocese of Seattle in 1907. With a growing population in Spokane and other areas of Eastern Washington, church leadership in Seattle realized that a new diocese needed to be formed, and the Diocese of Spokane was canonically erected by Pope Pius X on December 17, 1913. The diocese's first bishop was Augustine Francis Schinner, the bishop emeritus of the Diocese of", "id": "6861839" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 25\n\n\nThe 25th District of the Wisconsin Senate is located in far north-western Wisconsin, and is currently composed of part or all of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Price, Sawyer, Vilas and Washburn counties. The district area is a mostly rural, and covers more land and more counties than any other district in Wisconsin. Janet Bewley is the senator serving the 25th district. She was elected to a four-year term in 2014. Before serving as a senator, she held an office", "id": "19471671" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nBaraga, like the Jesuit missionaries before him, had success evangelizing the native people. His congregation at La Pointe grew, and also included many early European immigrants, primarily French Fur Traders. In 1838, Fr. Baraga built a larger church at La Pointe, on the spot of the present-day location of \"St. Joseph's Catholic Church\". The first Bishop to serve the Diocese of Superior was Augustine Francis Schinner, who was consecrated as Bishop on July 25, 1905. Bishop Schinner faced many challenges, as", "id": "9474219" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\ncreated diocese. He was ordained a bishop on July 25, 1905. Traveling by train with an entourage of over 60 priests from Milwaukee, he arrived at Ashland, Wisconsin, traveled to the Apostle Islands on a short boat tour, and then continued on to Superior. There were 39 diocesan priests, 17 religious order priests serving 38,861 Catholics in 43 parishes with resident pastors, and 50 missions and 33 stations. For Catholic schools, there was 1 high school, 16 elementary and 2 boarding schools with a total enrollment of", "id": "5250914" }, { "contents": "Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway\n\n\nthe Mississippi River, it lies within parts of eight counties in Wisconsin: Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Pierce, Polk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn; and three in Minnesota: Chisago, Pine, and Washington. The upper St. Croix is a nationally renowned smallmouth bass fishery. Other fish species present in the riverway include walleye, northern pike, sturgeon, muskellunge, and catfish. The Namekagon River upstream of Hayward, Wisconsin is well known for its brown and brook trout fishing. Besides fishing, the riverway", "id": "10086875" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento\n\n\nmother church of the diocese, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament. Originally a major part of the defunct Grass Valley Diocese (which included several counties in northern California and Nevada), the present-day diocese was established by Pope Leo XIII on May 28, 1886. Today, the See of Sacramento remains a ceremonial suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the Dioceses of Honolulu, Las Vegas, Oakland, Reno, Salt Lake City, San Jose, Santa Rosa and Stockton", "id": "4599392" }, { "contents": "Saint Raphael's Cathedral (Madison, Wisconsin)\n\n\nthe state capitol. In 1853, Father Francis Etchmann began constructing the most recent church building. The cornerstone was laid on May 28, 1854 by Bishop John Henni of the Diocese of Milwaukee. He dedicated the new building because the parish was under his jurisdiction at the time. The spire and bells were added in 1885. On January 9, 1946, Pope Pius XII created the Diocese of Madison for an 11-county area in the southwestern part of the state. Territory was taken from the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and the Diocese of", "id": "1920566" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst in Australia\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst (in Australia) is a Latin Church suffragan diocese of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1865, covering the Central West and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia. The Cathedral of St Michael and St John the Baptist is the episcopal see of the Bishop of Bathurst, presently Michael McKenna. The Diocese of Bathurst was erected by Pope Pius IX on 20 June 1865. Prior to this date, the area was considered within the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Sydney, its present", "id": "21254493" }, { "contents": "Joseph Maria Koudelka\n\n\n29, 1907, Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland and he was ordained on February 25, 1908 with a special ministry to the Slavic community. On June 24, 1911 Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. He was ordained as the first auxiliary bishop of Milwaukee on September 4, 1911. On August 6, 1913, Pope Pius X appointed Koudelka the second bishop of the Diocese of Superior. He was installed at the pro-cathedral of Sacred Heart in", "id": "18330746" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nThe Archdiocese of Milwaukee () is a Roman Catholic archdiocese headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the United States. It encompasses the City of Milwaukee, as well as the counties of Dodge, Fond du Lac, Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Walworth, Washington and Waukesha, all located in Wisconsin. The Archdiocese of Milwaukee is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milwaukee, which includes the suffragan dioceses of Green Bay, La Crosse, Madison, and Superior. , Jerome Edward Listecki is the Archbishop", "id": "9546478" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering nineteen counties in northwestern Ohio. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The See city for the diocese is Toledo. The eighth and current Bishop of Toledo is Daniel Edward Thomas. Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Pius X erected the diocese April 15, 1910, in territory taken from the Diocese of Cleveland. The arms of the See of Toledo are based upon", "id": "6750935" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin's 7th congressional district\n\n\nWisconsin's 7th congressional district is a congressional district of the United States House of Representatives in northwestern and central Wisconsin; it is the largest congressional district in the state geographically, covering 20 counties (in whole or part), for a total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, St. Croix, Chippewa (partial), Clark, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Jackson (partial), Juneau (partial), Langlade, Lincoln, Marathon,", "id": "8780919" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez () is located in the northern Mexican city of the same name, across the Río Grande from El Paso, Texas. It is part of the ecclesiastical province of Chihuahua and is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Chihuahua . The Diocese of Ciudad Juárez was erected by Pope Pius XII on 10 April 1957 from the Diocese of Chihuahua because of the population growth in the northern part of the state of Chihuahua. Pope Pius named Manuel Talamás Camandari as the first bishop, and by 1966", "id": "13992785" }, { "contents": "Superior, Wisconsin\n\n\nSuperior come from the Duluth market: Superior is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Francis Xavier Catholic Church, located in the East End of Superior, has been noted for its architecture. Christ Evangelical Lutheran Church is the only congregation of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod located in Superior. It recently moved from its original location on Belknap Street to a new campus on North 28th Street. Pilgrim Lutheran Church is located", "id": "4103054" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi (\"Dioecesis Uromiensis\") in Uromi, Edo State, Nigeria was created on December 14, 2005, when it was split off from the Archdiocese of Benin City. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Benin City. Its first bishop was Augustine Obiora Akubeze (who was named Archbishop of Benin City in March 2011). The St Anthony of Padua church in Uromi was selected to be its cathedral. The canonical erection of the diocese and the episcopal ordination of the bishop took", "id": "2286692" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the northwestern United States, comprising the northern regions of the state of Alaska. It is led by a bishop who serves as pastor of the mother church, Sacred Heart Cathedral in the City of Fairbanks. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Anchorage. The See of Fairbanks was established from the Prefecture Apostolic of Alaska on July 27, 1894, which was created from the Diocese of Vancouver Island. It was", "id": "7747608" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough () is a suffragan Latin diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kingston, Ontario that includes part of the federal Province of Ontario in inland Canada. Its episcopal see is the Cathedral of Saint Peter-in-Chains in Peterborough, Ontario. On March 10, 2017, the Pope named former Hamilton Auxiliary Bishop Daniel J. Miehm as the new Bishop of Peterborough. Established on 25 January 1874 as Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Canada, on territory split off from the Diocese of Kingston", "id": "5387249" }, { "contents": "Catholic Diocese of Guiratinga\n\n\nThe Diocese of Guiratinga (Dioecesis Guiratingensis) was a former ecclesiastical circumscription of the Catholic Church in Brazil, belonging to the Ecclesiastical Province of Cuiabá and the West II Regional Bishops' Council of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil, being a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cuiabá. The episcopal see is the Cathedral St. John the Baptist in the city of Guiratinga in the state of Mato Grosso. The Prelature Registry Araguaia (Territorialis Praelatura Registrensis or Territorialis Praelatura registration Araguaia) was erected on May 12, 1914 by Pope Pius X", "id": "4926427" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America encompassing the northwestern third of Wisconsin. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). The faith community comprises 20 interdependent congregations, mostly small and rural. The see and diocesan offices are in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, with Christ Church Cathedral as the mother church. Christ Church in La Crosse is the largest church in the diocese. The roots of the Diocese of Eau Claire begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians", "id": "2071071" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Motherwell\n\n\nCumbernauld and the area of Auchinloch) and South Lanarkshire. The diocese, along with the Diocese of Paisley, was erected as a Suffragan See by the Apostolic Constitution \"Maxime interest\" on 25 May 1947. The new See took part of the Archdiocese of Glasgow (becoming its Suffragan See) and part of the Diocese of Galloway. At present the diocese is vacant. The most recent Bishop of Motherwell was the Right Reverend Joseph Devine, whose resignation was accepted by Pope Francis on 30 May 2013. On Tuesday 29 April", "id": "3729293" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 28\n\n\nBayfield), Pepin, Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix Counties. The first Senator from the 28th was William Wilson of Menomonie, who served in the 1857 session (the tenth session of the Wisconsin Legislature). The district has also been represented by: As of the redistricting of 1861, the 28th now consisted of Ashland, Burnett, Dallas (later renamed Barron), Douglas, La Pointe (later renamed Bayfield), Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix counties (it was not changed in the redistricting of", "id": "2063122" }, { "contents": "List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Northern Ireland\n\n\nIn the Roman Catholic Church, the entirety of Northern Ireland is comprehended by the ecclesiastical province of Armagh. The eponymous archdiocese and five of its suffragan dioceses cover the area of Northern Ireland. The diocesan and archdiocesan boundaries are not coterminous with the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Only two dioceses are entirely contained within Northern Ireland: Down and Connor and the Diocese of Dromore. Three dioceses and the Archdiocese of Armagh straddle the border. The Archdiocese and its suffragans are all part of the Episcopal conference of Ireland", "id": "14015256" }, { "contents": "Anglican Bishop of Nottingham\n\n\nThe Anglican Bishop of Nottingham was an episcopal title used by a Church of England suffragan bishop. The title took its name after the county town of Nottingham and was first created under the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534. Until 1837, Nottingham had been part of the Diocese of York, when it then became part of the Diocese of Lincoln. With the creation of the Diocese of Southwell in 1884, Nottingham became part of that diocese, but the then- (and final) bishop remained suffragan to Lincoln. Since 2005, Nottingham gives", "id": "20176138" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell () is an ecclesiastical diocese of the Catholic Church in Scotland. The diocese, which was erected on 25 May 1947 by Pope Pius XII from the Archdiocese of Glasgow, along with the Diocese of Paisley which was erected on the same day, remains one of two suffragan sees under the Archdiocese. On Tuesday 29 April 2014 - the Feast of St Catherine of Siena - Pope Francis appointed Joseph Toal as the fifth Bishop of Motherwell. In 2004, the Catholic population, proportionately the largest in", "id": "16456386" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nnative people, and baptized over 1,000 converts. During this time, the region was being overseen by French Catholic leaders in Quebec, which became a diocese in 1674, encompassing all of North America east of the Mississippi River. In 1791, the region was transferred to the Diocese of Baltimore, which was the first Catholic diocese created in the then-newly formed United States. In 1843, the Diocese of Milwaukee was established, and consisted of the entire state of Wisconsin. Northern Wisconsin remained within the Diocese of Milwaukee,", "id": "9474217" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nEpiscopal Diocese of Milwaukee, originally the Diocese of Wisconsin is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America located in the southern area of Wisconsin. It is in Province V (for the Midwest region). The Rt. Reverend Steven Miller is the bishop. The see city is Milwaukee. Cathedral Church of All Saints, Milwaukee is the mother church. The diocese was formed after Jackson Kemper was named the Episcopal Church's first missionary bishop and oversaw the church's mission to the Northwest Territories from 1835 to", "id": "2071175" }, { "contents": "Joseph G. Pinten\n\n\nvicar general, in 1919 purchased dormitory property of Northern Normal College and donated it to the diocese to use as a church with conditions that it be named after Saint Michael and that the new parish build a school. On November 30, 1921, Pope Benedict XV appointed Pinten the third bishop of the Superior Diocese. He was ordained bishop on May 3, 1922 at St. Peter Cathedral with Archbishop Sebastian Messmer of Milwaukee presiding. The next day an enthronement ceremony was held a Sacred Heart pro-cathedral in Superior. After his", "id": "18330981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kansas City–Saint Joseph\n\n\nXIII established the Diocese of Kansas City, with territories taken from the Archdiocese of St. Louis. Its first bishop was John Joseph Hogan. On July 2, 1956, the diocese incorporated part of the territory of the Diocese of Saint Joseph, which had been established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868. On the same date in 1956 part of the Diocese of Kansas City's territory went to establish the Diocese of Jefferson City and the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau. The diocese received its present name and boundaries", "id": "13839607" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Kerry\n\n\nThe Bishop of Kerry is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kerry, one of the suffragan dioceses of the Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly in Ireland. The Episcopal see changed its name from Ardfert and Aghadoe to Kerry on 20 December 1952. The bishop's seat (Cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church Saint Mary, Killarney. The current bishop is the Most Reverend Raymond Browne who was appointed Bishop of Kerry by Pope Francis on 2 May 2013 and received episcopal consecration at St Mary's Cathedral, Killarney on 21", "id": "20835420" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle\n\n\nas a result by 1850 the Diocese of Walla Walla was abandoned and its merged-in territory administered from Oregon City. On May 31, 1850, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese, with Augustin Blanchet as bishop. In January 1851, Augustin Blanchet dedicated St. James Church near Fort Vancouver as the new diocese's cathedral. A new St. James Cathedral was built in Vancouver, Washington in 1885. In 1903 Bishop Edward O'Dea, realizing that Vancouver was no longer the economic and", "id": "6861805" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nthe head of the new diocese, including the need to recruit priests to serve the growing number of parishes throughout the diocese. By the time Bishop Schinner resigned as the bishop of Superior in 1913, he saw the pool of priests grow from 39 diocesan priests in 1905 to 62 in 1913. Today, there are now 105 parishes within the Diocese of Superior. The following is a list of the Roman Catholic Bishops of the Diocese of Superior and their years of service: The Diocese of Superior has a membership of 73,638 Catholics", "id": "9474220" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Northern California. The diocese comprises Alameda and Contra Costa Counties in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Cathedral of Christ the Light serves as the bishop's seat, replacing the Cathedral of Saint Francis de Sales which was demolished after the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989. Once a part of the Archdiocese of San Francisco, the Diocese of Oakland remains a suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the", "id": "4599275" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\ndioceses which did not formally claim any continuity with the pre-Elizabethan English dioceses were created. The Vicariate Apostolic of the Northern District was duly elevated to diocese status as the Diocese of Hexham. On 23 May 1861 the diocese became the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, it was assigned to the newly created Province of Liverpool. The present diocese covers an area of 7,700 km²", "id": "3501975" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\n1859. He became provisional bishop of Wisconsin from 1847 to 1854 and first bishop of the Diocese of Wisconsin from 1854 to 1870. In 1875, the Diocese of Fond du Lac was created to serve the northeastern 26 counties of the state. The Diocese of Eau Claire, was carved out of the diocese in 1928 for the counties in the northwestern part of Wisconsin. The Diocese of Wisconsin became the Diocese of Milwaukee in 1886. Over the last few years the membership has declined from 15,000 to 11,000. Nashotah House, in", "id": "2071176" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson\n\n\nThe Diocese of Paterson is a diocese of the Roman Rite of the Latin Catholic Church in the United States, which includes three counties in northern New Jersey: Passaic, Morris, and Sussex. The city of Paterson, third-largest in the state of New Jersey, was chosen as the episcopal see, even though the vast majority of diocesan territory lies west of the city. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Newark, and is part of Region III of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. The", "id": "14672461" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay () was established on March 3, 1868, by Pope Pius IX. It covers the city of Green Bay, as well as Brown, Calumet, Door, Florence, Forest, Kewaunee, Langlade, Manitowoc, Marinette, Menominee, Oconto, Outagamie, Shawano, Waupaca, Waushara and Winnebago counties in Wisconsin. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The earliest trace of the Catholic faith in the Green Bay area was in 1634. Jesuits followed Jean Nicolet to", "id": "9417148" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering the parishes of northern Louisiana, and a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. Its bishop is part of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and belongs to Conference Region V (which includes Alabama, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee). Its mother church is the Cathedral of Saint John Berchmans, in Shreveport. The Diocese of Shreveport was canonically erected on June 16, 1986 when Pope John Paul II split the former Diocese of", "id": "18926928" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids () is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in western Michigan, in the United States. It comprises 102 churches in 11 counties in West Michigan. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Detroit. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of Saint Andrew. On April 18, 2013, Pope Francis accepted Bishop Walter A. Hurley's resignation and appointed the Rev. David J. Walkowiak to be the twelfth Bishop of Grand Rapids. The diocese was created from territory taken from", "id": "221824" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Suacia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Svač (, , ) was a bishopric with see in the town of Svač (Latinized as Suacia), which is today the village lying to the east of Ulcinj in Montenegro that is called in Serbian Шас, in Croat Šas and in Albanian Shas. The area was part of the late Roman province of Dalmatia Superior, and the Catholic Church, which includes the diocese in its list of Latin titular sees, accordingly treats it as a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Doclea. The diocese of Svač (", "id": "4011385" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck () is a Roman Catholic diocese in North Dakota. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop David Kagan. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Bismarck. The Cathedral parish of the diocese is Cathedral of the Holy Spirit. On December 31, 1909 Saint Pius X established the Diocese of Bismarck. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Fargo. The list of bishops of the diocese and their terms of service", "id": "18993019" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fiesole\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fiesole () is a Roman Catholic diocese in Tuscany, central Italy, whose episcopal see is the city of Fiesole. Fiesole was directly subject to the pope until 1420, when the archdiocese of Florence was created and Fiesole was made one of its suffragan bishops. It is still a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Florence. According to local legend the Gospel was first preached at Fiesole by Messius Romulus, said to have been a disciple of St. Peter. Documentary evidence, however, is from the 9th and", "id": "3288239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangalore\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Bangalore () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in India. It was erected as the Diocese of Bangalore on 13 February 1940 by Pope Pius XII, and elevated to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese on 19 September 1953, with the suffragan sees of Belgaum, Bellary, Chikmagalur, Gulbarga, Karwar, Mangalore, Udupi, Mysore, and Shimoga. The archdiocese's mother church and thus seat of its archbishop is the St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral; Bangalore also houses", "id": "9571833" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City () is a Roman Catholic diocese in western South Dakota, United States. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Robert Dwayne Gruss. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Rapid City. The Cathedral parish is the Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. On August 6, 1902 Saint Pius X established the diocese as the Diocese of Lead. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Sioux Falls. The", "id": "18993239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong is a suffragan Latin Rite diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1951, covering the Illawarra and Southern Highlands regions of New South Wales, Australia. St Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Wollongong is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Wollongong, currently Brian Mascord. On 15 November 1951, Pope Pius XII announced that a new diocese would be created from the two archdioceses of Sydney and Canberra & Goulburn. To be named Wollongong, the diocese was officially established on 11 February 1952.", "id": "21254634" }, { "contents": "Cathedral of Christ the King (Superior, Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Cathedral of Christ the King is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior in Superior, Wisconsin. It was named in honor of Christ the King. The building is located at 1111 Belknap Street in Superior. When the Diocese of Superior was established in 1905 Sacred Heart church, which had been established in the 1880s, was designated the pro-cathedral. Sacred Heart continued in this function until 1926. The cathedral construction project was announced in February 1926 and the groundbreaking occurred on June 23, 1926. Bishop", "id": "2884619" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nsuffragan sees were erected in Indiana and Illinois. In 1843 the Illinois portion of the diocese became the Diocese of Chicago. On 8 January 1857 the northern half of Indiana comprised the Diocese of Fort Wayne. On 28 March 1898 the episcopal diocese was transferred from Vincennes to Indianapolis, and the Diocese of Vincennes became the Diocese of Indianapolis. In 1944 Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese and founded two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The city of Vincennes, the former", "id": "4928244" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary () is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States of America. It was founded on December 17, 1956, by Pope Pius XII. It is one of four suffragan dioceses of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Its ecclesiastic territory includes Lake, Porter, LaPorte, and Starke counties in northwestern Indiana. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of the Holy Angels in Gary, Indiana. During the first half of the 20th century, many Catholic immigrants", "id": "17635414" }, { "contents": "Red Cedar River (Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Red Cedar River in northwestern Wisconsin is a tributary of the Chippewa River. According to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the river flows approximately 100 miles from southwestern Sawyer County to its confluence with the Chippewa southeast of Dunnville in southern Dunn County. It drains portions of eight Wisconsin counties: Barron, Chippewa, Dunn, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn. Important tributaries include the Chetek River and the Hay River. Important settlements along the river's course include Cameron, Rice Lake, Colfax,", "id": "2013455" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\n, he chose Indianapolis, the state capital of Indiana and the largest city in the diocese, as the new seat of the episcopal see. Between 1837 and 1882 seventy-five priests were ordained at St. Francis Xavier, including Michael E. Shawe, the first priest ordained in Indiana. In 1898 the episcopal see was moved to Indianapolis and it became the Diocese of Indianapolis. Bishop Chatard was its first bishop. St. Francis Xavier remained under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Indianapolis from 1898 to 1944, when Pope Pius XII elevated", "id": "1660117" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln () is a Catholic diocese in Nebraska, United States, and comprises the majority of the eastern and central portions of the state south of the Platte River. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Omaha. The episcopal see is in Lincoln, Nebraska. Bishop James D. Conley is the current ordinary of the Diocese. The Cathedral of the Risen Christ is the cathedral parish of the diocese. The diocese was established on August 2, 1887, by Pope Leo XIII from the territory", "id": "18992119" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná () is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Concordia and Gualeguaychú. On 13 June 1859, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of Paraná from the Diocese of Buenos Aires. It lost territory to the Diocese of Santa Fe when it was created in 1897 and the Diocese of Corrientes in 1910. The Diocese of Paraná was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope Pius XI on 20 April 1934. It lost territory two more times when the dioceses of Gualeguaychú (1957) and Concordia (1961", "id": "14584212" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nDiocese of Indianapolis. Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese in 1944, and erected two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The Diocese of Gary, Indiana, was erected in 1956. The Evansville Diocese absorbed the city of Vincennes upon its creation. The first four Bishops of Vincennes resided at the seat of the episcopal diocese in Vincennes. Their remains are buried in the crypt of St. Francis Xavier Basilica, Vincennes. Bishop Chatard, who resided in Indianapolis and also served", "id": "4928227" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kumba\n\n\nThe Diocese of Kumba (Latin: \"Diocesis Kumbana;\" French: \"Diocèse de Kumba\") is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the African country of Cameroon. Headquartered in Kumba, the diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart and its bishop is Agapitus Enuyehnyoh Nfon. The diocese was created on 15 March 2016 by Pope Francis from territory in the Diocese of Buéa, and it is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Bamenda. On 15 March 2016, Pope Francis established the Diocese of Kumba", "id": "4860060" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grass Valley\n\n\nThe Diocese of Grass Valley () now a titular see, was formerly a residential diocese of the Catholic Church located in northeastern California, United States. The diocese also included most of Nevada, and, early in its history, Utah and part of Colorado. The particular church that became the Diocese of Grass Valley was erected in by Pope Pius IX in 1860 as the Vicariate Apostolic of Marysville from territory formerly belonging to the Archdiocese of San Francisco, of which it was a suffragan see. In 1868, the see city", "id": "1681182" }, { "contents": "James Patrick Powers\n\n\nJames Patrick Powers (born February 6, 1953) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church and the eleventh bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin. Powers was born in Baldwin, Wisconsin on February 6, 1953. He graduated from St. Croix Central High School, in Hammond, Wisconsin, and from Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Powers was ordained a priest of the Superior Diocese on May 20, 1990. He served as administrator of the diocese from December 2014 to February 2016,", "id": "11695981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Teggiano-Policastro\n\n\nThe Italian Latin Catholic Diocese of (Diano-)Teggiano-Policastro (), in Campania, has existed since 1850, under its present name since 1986. In that year the Diocese of Diano-Teggiano was united with the diocese of Policastro. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno. Its cathedral episcopal see is the Marian Cattedrale di S. Maria Maggiore e S. Michele Arcangelo, in Teggiano. The current bishop is Antonio De Luca. On 29 September 1850, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of", "id": "18017079" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth is a Latin Church Roman Catholic diocese in England. The episcopal see is in the city of Plymouth, Devon, where the bishop's seat (cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church of St Mary and St Boniface. Erected as the Diocese of Plymouth in 1850 by Pope Pius IX, from the Apostolic Vicariate of the Western District, the diocese has remained jurisdictionally constant since. Since 1965, the diocese has been a suffragan see of the Ecclesiastical Province of Southwark; before then, from", "id": "8307114" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson (, ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the southwestern region of the United States. It is a suffragan see of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santa Fe. The diocese was recently led by its seventh bishop, Most Reverend Gerald Frederick Kicanas, who retired on October 3, 2017. The See city for the diocese is Tucson, Arizona, and its cathedral parish is the St. Augustine. Another church of special interest is the Mission San Xavier del Bac, also", "id": "7747261" }, { "contents": "Diocese of Rochester\n\n\n) were added to Rochester, while all West Kent parishes except those in the Rochester Deanery were transferred to the Diocese of Canterbury. In May 1877, Essex and Hertfordshire became part of the newly created Diocese of St Albans. On 1 August 1877, the Diocese of Rochester gained some northern parts of Surrey from the Diocese of Winchester which were later transferred to the Diocese of Southwark at its creation in 1905. The present diocesan bishop, the Bishop of Rochester, is James Langstaff. The diocese also has a suffragan bishop:", "id": "3447784" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the Ecclesiastical Province of Cincinnati covering 23 counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The episcopal see of the diocese is situated at Columbus. The diocese was erected on March 3, 1868 by Pope Pius IX out of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. On October 21, 1944 the diocese lost territory when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Steubenville. The Catholic faith was brought in the area by the Dominican Order in Somerset. They established St. Joseph's Parish", "id": "6750859" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral (Alexandria, Louisiana)\n\n\n, and the clock was installed in 1908. Because of the newly constructed church and Alexandria's central location, Bishop Cornelius Van de Ven petitioned the Roman Curia to transfer the seat of the diocese from Natchitoches to Alexandria. Pope Pius X created the suffragan Diocese of Alexandria on . St. Francis Xavier Church was elevated to the rank of cathedral of the newly created diocese. The current bishop of Alexandria is Sede Vacante, and the rector of the cathedral is Father James A. Ferguson. The cathedral's rose windows are the largest in", "id": "16556508" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of Ohio. Pope Pius IX erected the diocese April 23, 1847, in territory taken from the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The diocese lost territory in 1910 when Pope Pius X erected the Diocese of Toledo, and in 1943 when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Youngstown. It is currently the 17th-largest diocese in the United States by population, encompassing the counties of Ashland, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Medina,", "id": "6750690" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pavia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Pavia () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It has been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan only since 1817. Previous to the reorganization of the hierarchy in northern Italy by Pope Pius VII after the expulsion of the French and the Congress of Vienna, the diocese of Pavia had depended directly upon the Holy See, despite repeated failed attempts on the part of the Archbishops of Milan to claim control. The diocese has produced one Pope and Patriarch of Venice, and three cardinals. The", "id": "9177548" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza () is an archdiocese located in the city of Fortaleza in Brazil. On June 6, 1854, it was established by Pope Pius IX, as the Diocese of Ceará from the Diocese of Olinda. Formerly a part of the Diocese of Pernambuco, the district was erected into a separate diocese, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Bahia. João Guerino Gomes was named as first bishop but did not accept the appointment. Father Gomes, who was famous in his day both as an orator and as", "id": "5595432" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lansing\n\n\nThe Catholic Diocese of Lansing () is located in Lansing, Michigan. It encompasses an area of including the counties of Clinton, Eaton, Genesee, Hillsdale, Ingham, Jackson, Lenawee, Livingston, Shiawassee and Washtenaw. It is a suffragan diocese of the ecclesiastical province of Detroit. Pope Pius XI created the Diocese of Lansing May 22, 1937 by taking territory from the Archdiocese of Detroit. In July 1971, Pope Paul VI separated territory from the Lansing Diocese and territory from the Diocese of Grand Rapids to form the", "id": "4281991" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza () is in Argentina and is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Neuquén and San Rafael. On 20 April 1934, Pope Pius XI established the Diocese of Mendoza from the Diocese of San Juan de Cuyo. It lost territory to the Diocese of San Rafael when it was created in 1961. At the same time, the Diocese of Mendoza was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope John XXIII on 10 April 1961./small On 5 May 2017, Kosaka Kumiko, a Japanese-Argentinian nun,", "id": "15288343" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City () is the Roman Catholic diocese for the northwestern quarter of the US state of Iowa. The diocese comprises 24 counties in northwestern Iowa, and it covers an area of . The See city for the diocese is Sioux City. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The cathedral parish for this diocese is the Epiphany. R. Walker Nickless was ordained as bishop of Sioux City on 20 January 2006. On 24 July, 1900, Pope Leo XIII issued a papal bull", "id": "394842" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis\n\n\nlater period the church first came into the area with the arrival of missionaries and European settlers. The original see was canonically erected by Pope Pius IX on July 19, 1850 as the Diocese of Saint Paul of Minnesota, a suffragan episcopal see of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis. The Diocese's territory was taken from that of Dubuque, and its authority spread over all of Minnesota Territory, which consisted of the area which now composes the states of Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota and also comprises the modern archdiocese's ecclesiastical", "id": "7457113" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Sherborne\n\n\nThe Bishop of Sherborne is an episcopal title which takes its name from the market town of Sherborne in Dorset, England. The see of Sherborne was established in around 705 by St Aldhelm, the Abbot of Malmesbury. This see was the mother diocese of the greater part of southwestern England in Saxon times, but after the Norman Conquest was incorporated into the new Diocese of Salisbury. The title Bishop of Sherborne is now used by the Church of England for a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Salisbury. In 1925, the title", "id": "4184192" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\nthe episcopal see to the Archdiocese of Indianapolis and established two new suffragan diocese in Indiana: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. On 14 March 1970 Pope Paul VI raised the status of St. Francis Xavier Cathedral to a basilica. The present Greek Revival-style basilica dates from 1826, making it the oldest Catholic church in Indiana. It was built on or near the site of two earlier churches. The first chapel, a crude structure measuring 22 feet by 66 feet, with log posts, mud daub,", "id": "1660118" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Caserta\n\n\nThe Diocese of Caserta () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Campania, southern Italy. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Naples. In 1818 Pope Pius VII united this see with the diocese of Caiazzo, but Pope Pius IX made them separate sees. In 2013 in the diocese of Caserta there was one priest for every 1,703 Catholics. It is not known when Caserta became an episcopal see. The first-known bishop was Ranulfo whose election in 1113 was confirmed by Senne, Archbishop of Capua. \"Erected", "id": "16395150" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia\n\n\nThe Italian Catholic Diocese of Pescia () is in Tuscany. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Pisa. In 1519 Pope Leo X withdrew Pescia from the archdiocese of Lucca, raising it to the dignity of a prelacy nullius; and in 1726 it was made a diocese, suffragan of Pisa. Its first bishop was Bartolommeo Pucci (1728). Others were Francesco Vicenti (1773–1801), and Giulio Serafini. On 25 November 2015, Pope Francis appointed as the new Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia,", "id": "15933634" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur\n\n\nLumpur was dedicated to St John the evangelist in 1883, and would be later known as St. John's Cathedral, the Mother Church of Kuala Lumpur. In 1955, the Diocese of Malacca became a Metropolitan Archdiocese, with the newly formed Diocese of Penang and Diocese of Kuala Lumpur as its suffragan sees. Bishop Dominic Vendargon was appointed as the first Bishop of Kuala Lumpur, and was ordained in the same year. In 1972, the Diocese of Kuala Lumpur was elevated into an Archdiocese, with the suffragan dioceses of Penang and", "id": "14666462" }, { "contents": "WESTconsin Credit Union\n\n\nanyone who lives or works in the Wisconsin counties of Barron, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Dunn, Eau Claire, Jackson, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau or Washburn, or the Minnesota counties of Anoka, Chisago, Dakota, Goodhue, Isanti, Ramsey, Wabasha, and Washington with a $5 deposit in a membership share (savings) account. Presently, \"WEST\"consin Credit Union has five fully operational high school offices that are located in Amery,", "id": "1182556" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zamboanga\n\n\nthe future city of Zamboanga. On January 20, 1933, Pope Pius XI divided Mindanao into two areas. Southern Mindanao including the Sulu Archipelago became under the jurisdiction of Zamboanga. Northern Mindanao became under the Diocese of Cagayan de Oro. In 1951 Cagayan de Oro became an archdiocese, the first in the island of Mindanao. All episcopal jurisdictions in Mindanao and Sulu, including Zamboanga, became suffragans of this archdiocese. The Diocese of Zamboanga was further divided when the Prelature Nullius of Davao was established and separated in 1949; the", "id": "18254813" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiavari\n\n\nThe Diocese of Chiavari () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Liguria, northern Italy. It was created on 3 December 1892 by Pope Leo XIII in the Bull \"Romani Pontifices\". It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Genoa. Chiavari became an episcopal see in 1892, but until 1896 it was administered by Tommaso Reggio, the Archbishop of Genoa, to which diocese it originally belonged, through his Auxiliary Bishop and Vicar General, Fortunato Vinelli, titular bishop of Epiphania (Cilicia, Ottoman Empire). The", "id": "15328930" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of El Paso\n\n\nwest Texas were served by travelling priests in car and horseback. After Pinto's efforts, Catholic parishes began to flourish in El Paso. On 3 March 1914, Pope Pius X established the Diocese of El Paso as a suffragan see of Santa Fe. The diocese covered nearly in West Texas and southern New Mexico and was created from parts of the dioceses of Dallas, San Antonio and Tucson. Jesuit priest Father John J. Brown was appointed bishop of the newly created diocese on 22 January 1915 but resigned before his scheduled consecration.", "id": "18993686" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai (; ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Municipality of Shanghai, China. It was erected on December 13, 1933 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Shanghai by Pope Pius XI, and was later elevated to the rank of a diocese on April 11, 1946 by Pope Pius XII. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Nanking. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is St. Ignatius Cathedral; it also houses a minor basilica in Sheshan", "id": "15983488" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta is a suffragan Latin Church diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1986. The Diocese of Parramatta is an organisation of the Roman Catholic Church, with responsibility for the western suburbs of Sydney and the Blue Mountains, in New South Wales, Australia. St Patrick's Cathedral, Parramatta, is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Parramatta. On 5 May 2016, Pope Francis appointed Vincent Long Van Nguyen OFM Conv to be its fourth bishop. His installation took place on 16 June 2016", "id": "21254601" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Utah\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Utah is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States, encompassing the state of Utah, less that part of the Four Corners region which is in the Navajoland Area Mission. It includes a small part of northern Arizona. In 1867, the Episcopal Church was the first Protestant church organized in Utah. The diocesan offices and cathedral, St. Mark's Cathedral, are in Salt Lake City. The current bishop is Scott B. Hayashi, whose consecration took place on November 6, 2010 and was installed", "id": "17667064" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton is a suffragan see of Archdiocese of Philadelphia, established on March 3, 1868. The seat of the bishop is St. Peter's Cathedral in Scranton, PA. Other cities in the diocese are Wilkes-Barre, Williamsport, Hazleton, Nanticoke, Carbondale, and Pittston. The diocese comprises Lackawanna, Luzerne, Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne, Tioga, Sullivan, Wyoming, Lycoming, Pike, and Monroe counties, all in the northeastern part of Pennsylvania. The area of the diocese is .", "id": "10915059" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the United States. It comprises the territory of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agaña. The diocese was canonically erected on 8 November 1984 by Pope John Paul II. Its territories were taken from the archdiocese based in Guam. The Diocese of Chalan Kanoa is led by a prelate bishop who pastors the mother church, the Our Lady of Mount Carmel Cathedral on Saipan.", "id": "5619001" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Mantua\n\n\nThe Diocese of Mantua () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It was erected in 804, and is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan. The diocese has produced one Pope and (Latin) Patriarch of Constantinople, and two cardinals. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is the Cathedral of S. Pietro Apostolo; Mantua also contains the Basilica of Sant'Andrea. The last Bishop of Mantua iss Gianmarco Busca, appointed by Pope Francis on June 3, 2016. The bishops emeriti are Egidio", "id": "9176744" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kota Kinabalu\n\n\nafter its see. On 31 May 1976 the vicariate was elevated to a full Diocese of Kota Kinabalu, suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kuching. The diocese lost territories twice, to create its present suffragans : On 23 May 2008, the diocese was elevated to Metropolitan Archdiocese, whose ecclesiastical province comprises the above suffragan dioceses, both formerly part of the original territory of the diocese of Kota Kinabalu: the Diocese of Keningau and the Diocese of Sandakan. On 21 June 2010, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Rev.", "id": "11660795" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\nthe diocese in 1850, Pius IX appointed Bishop William Hogarth, Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District, to be the first bishop of the diocese. The Parish Church of Saint Mary, Newcastle upon Tyne, designed by Augustus Welby Pugin, was selected as the seat for the new bishop, gaining cathedral status. In 1924, Pope Pius XI withdrew the old counties of Cumberland and Westmorland to incorporate them into a newly created Diocese of Lancaster. For this reason, the Lancaster diocese still considers St Cuthbert as one of its principal", "id": "6620884" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nof the Diocese of Wisconsin. In 1870, Fond du Lac was the second largest city in Wisconsin. The remaining counties continued as the Diocese of Wisconsin until 1888, when it was renamed the Diocese of Milwaukee. In 1875, after three elections, John Henry Hobart Brown accepted election as first bishop and was consecrated December 15, 1875 at St. John's Episcopal Church, Cohoes, New York. Brown declared the city of Fond du Lac and St. Paul's Church as the episcopal See. The other viable location was Christ", "id": "2071144" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fond du Lac is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, encompassing the northeastern third of Wisconsin. The diocese contains about 5,700 baptized members worshipping in 37 locations. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). Diocesan offices are in Appleton, Wisconsin. The Diocesan Archives are maintained in Grafton Hall behind the Cathedral in Fond du Lac. Matthew Gunter is its bishop. The roots of the Diocese of Fond du Lac begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians, removing from", "id": "2071141" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spiš\n\n\nThe Diocese of Spiš (, ) is a Roman Catholic diocese in northern Slovakia. It covers central and eastern parts of the Žilina Region and western part of the Prešov Region. Its seat is in Spišská Kapitula; the diocese covers an area of 7,802 km² with 583,633 people of which 76.6% are of Catholic faith (2004). The current bishop is Štefan Sečka. The diocese was established on 13 March 1776 as a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Esztergom. In 1804, its metropolitan was changed to the Archdiocese of Eger", "id": "12385676" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Salford\n\n\n-Elizabethan English dioceses of which one of these was the diocese of Salford and went on to take up the reins of part of the former Vicariate Apostolic of the Lancashire District. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but a further development was its assignment under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, to a newly created Province of Liverpool. At the diocese's creation the territory assigned to it was the hundreds of Salford and Blackburn. The diocese currently covers an", "id": "3729210" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering twenty-eight counties in Kansas. Pope Pius XII created the diocese on May 19, 1951. John B. Brungardt was appointed Bishop of Dodge City in December 2010. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City encompasses 23,000-square-miles, and 50 parishes in 28 counties. It was established in 1951 from parts of the Diocese of Wichita, the Diocese of Leavenworth, and the Vicariate Apostolic of the Indian Territory established July 19, 1850. At that", "id": "17635532" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It comprises that part of South Dakota east of the Missouri River. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Paul J. Swain. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Sioux Falls. The cathedral parish is St. Joseph Cathedral. On August 12, 1879 Pope Leo XIII established the Vicariate Apostolic of Dakota from territory taken from the Diocese of", "id": "18993545" } ]

[ { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior () encompasses the city of Superior and the counties of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Lincoln, Oneida, Price, Polk, Rusk, Sawyer, St. Croix, Taylor, Vilas, and Washburn in northern Wisconsin, with an area of . Its episcopal see is Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is its mother church. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The diocese was established on May 3, 1905 by", "id": "9474213" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nPope Pius X. It was created from the northern part of the Diocese of La Crosse and the northwestern part of the Diocese of Green Bay, with Augustine Francis Schinner as the first bishop. Prior to the official founding of the diocese in 1905, there had already been a rich history of Catholicism in the region. Centuries earlier, Catholic missionaries had forged a dynamic presence throughout the Lake Superior region of Wisconsin. The early history of Catholicism in the state of Wisconsin started within the territory that the Diocese of Superior now encompasses,", "id": "9474214" }, { "contents": "List of museums in Wisconsin\n\n\nMarathon, Marquette, Menominee, Milwaukee, Oconto, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan Counties in the north central and northwest area: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Langlade, Lincoln, Oneida, Polk, Price, Rusk, Sawyer, Taylor, Vilas, Washburn South central and southwest area along the Mississippi and Chippewa rivers: Buffalo, Chippewa, Crawford, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Jackson, La Crosse, Pepin, Pierce, St. Croix, Trempealeau, Vernon South", "id": "7014980" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nserved for one year as pastor of St. Hubertus parish at Hubertus, Wisconsin. From 1887 to 1893 he was a member of the faculty of St. Francis Seminary. From 1893 to 1905, he served as chancellor and vicar general of the archdiocese of Milwaukee, appointed by Archbishop Frederick Katzer. The Diocese of Superior was established on May 3, 1905, formed from portions of the Diocese of Green Bay and the Diocese of La Crosse. On May 13, 1905, Pope Pius X appointed Schinner the first Bishop of the newly", "id": "5250913" }, { "contents": "United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin\n\n\nheld at Madison. The district comprises the following counties: Adams, Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Green, Iowa, Iron, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, La Crosse, Lafayette, Lincoln, Marathon, Monroe, Oneida, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Portage, Price, Richland, Rock, Rusk, Sauk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Vilas, Washburn and", "id": "19092884" }, { "contents": "2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin\n\n\na total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark (partial), Douglas, Iron, Langlade (partial), Lincoln, Marathon, Oneida, Polk, Portage, Price, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Washburn and Wood. The district is currently represented by Sean Duffy, a Republican. The PVI of the district is R+8. Duffy is running for reelection. The 8th congressional district includes Green Bay and Appleton. It", "id": "2566179" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nAugustine Francis Schinner (May 1, 1863 – February 7, 1937) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the first Bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin (1905-1913) and first Bishop of the Diocese of Spokane, Washington (1914-1925). Schinner was educated at St. Francis Seminary in Wisconsin, and was ordained to the priesthood on March 7, 1886, by Archbishop Michael Heiss of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee at the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist. He", "id": "5250912" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse\n\n\nthe Workman. The Diocese of La Crosse was established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868, from territory that was taken from what was then the Diocese of Milwaukee. It included the part of Wisconsin lying north and west of the Wisconsin River. Michael Heiss, then head of St. Francis Seminary, Milwaukee, was named the first bishop of the La Crosse episcopal see. On May 3, 1905, the territory of the Dioceses of La Crosse and Green Bay was brought together to form the Diocese of Superior,", "id": "6320305" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nuntil the formation of the Diocese of Lacrosse, and the Diocese of Green Bay, which then served the northern region. Finally, in 1905, the Diocese of Superior was created by Pope Pius X, encompassing 16 counties in northern Wisconsin. The oldest Catholic congregation in the state of Wisconsin (in continuous operation to the present-day) is within the Diocese of Superior. On July 27, 1836, Fr. Frederic Baraga arrived at La Pointe, and immediately set to work, building a log church. Fr.", "id": "9474218" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane\n\n\n, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese. The episcopal see was subsequently moved to Seattle, and the diocese was renamed the Diocese of Seattle in 1907. With a growing population in Spokane and other areas of Eastern Washington, church leadership in Seattle realized that a new diocese needed to be formed, and the Diocese of Spokane was canonically erected by Pope Pius X on December 17, 1913. The diocese's first bishop was Augustine Francis Schinner, the bishop emeritus of the Diocese of", "id": "6861839" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 25\n\n\nThe 25th District of the Wisconsin Senate is located in far north-western Wisconsin, and is currently composed of part or all of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Price, Sawyer, Vilas and Washburn counties. The district area is a mostly rural, and covers more land and more counties than any other district in Wisconsin. Janet Bewley is the senator serving the 25th district. She was elected to a four-year term in 2014. Before serving as a senator, she held an office", "id": "19471671" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nBaraga, like the Jesuit missionaries before him, had success evangelizing the native people. His congregation at La Pointe grew, and also included many early European immigrants, primarily French Fur Traders. In 1838, Fr. Baraga built a larger church at La Pointe, on the spot of the present-day location of \"St. Joseph's Catholic Church\". The first Bishop to serve the Diocese of Superior was Augustine Francis Schinner, who was consecrated as Bishop on July 25, 1905. Bishop Schinner faced many challenges, as", "id": "9474219" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\ncreated diocese. He was ordained a bishop on July 25, 1905. Traveling by train with an entourage of over 60 priests from Milwaukee, he arrived at Ashland, Wisconsin, traveled to the Apostle Islands on a short boat tour, and then continued on to Superior. There were 39 diocesan priests, 17 religious order priests serving 38,861 Catholics in 43 parishes with resident pastors, and 50 missions and 33 stations. For Catholic schools, there was 1 high school, 16 elementary and 2 boarding schools with a total enrollment of", "id": "5250914" }, { "contents": "Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway\n\n\nthe Mississippi River, it lies within parts of eight counties in Wisconsin: Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Pierce, Polk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn; and three in Minnesota: Chisago, Pine, and Washington. The upper St. Croix is a nationally renowned smallmouth bass fishery. Other fish species present in the riverway include walleye, northern pike, sturgeon, muskellunge, and catfish. The Namekagon River upstream of Hayward, Wisconsin is well known for its brown and brook trout fishing. Besides fishing, the riverway", "id": "10086875" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento\n\n\nmother church of the diocese, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament. Originally a major part of the defunct Grass Valley Diocese (which included several counties in northern California and Nevada), the present-day diocese was established by Pope Leo XIII on May 28, 1886. Today, the See of Sacramento remains a ceremonial suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the Dioceses of Honolulu, Las Vegas, Oakland, Reno, Salt Lake City, San Jose, Santa Rosa and Stockton", "id": "4599392" }, { "contents": "Saint Raphael's Cathedral (Madison, Wisconsin)\n\n\nthe state capitol. In 1853, Father Francis Etchmann began constructing the most recent church building. The cornerstone was laid on May 28, 1854 by Bishop John Henni of the Diocese of Milwaukee. He dedicated the new building because the parish was under his jurisdiction at the time. The spire and bells were added in 1885. On January 9, 1946, Pope Pius XII created the Diocese of Madison for an 11-county area in the southwestern part of the state. Territory was taken from the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and the Diocese of", "id": "1920566" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst in Australia\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst (in Australia) is a Latin Church suffragan diocese of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1865, covering the Central West and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia. The Cathedral of St Michael and St John the Baptist is the episcopal see of the Bishop of Bathurst, presently Michael McKenna. The Diocese of Bathurst was erected by Pope Pius IX on 20 June 1865. Prior to this date, the area was considered within the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Sydney, its present", "id": "21254493" }, { "contents": "Joseph Maria Koudelka\n\n\n29, 1907, Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland and he was ordained on February 25, 1908 with a special ministry to the Slavic community. On June 24, 1911 Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. He was ordained as the first auxiliary bishop of Milwaukee on September 4, 1911. On August 6, 1913, Pope Pius X appointed Koudelka the second bishop of the Diocese of Superior. He was installed at the pro-cathedral of Sacred Heart in", "id": "18330746" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nThe Archdiocese of Milwaukee () is a Roman Catholic archdiocese headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the United States. It encompasses the City of Milwaukee, as well as the counties of Dodge, Fond du Lac, Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Walworth, Washington and Waukesha, all located in Wisconsin. The Archdiocese of Milwaukee is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milwaukee, which includes the suffragan dioceses of Green Bay, La Crosse, Madison, and Superior. , Jerome Edward Listecki is the Archbishop", "id": "9546478" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering nineteen counties in northwestern Ohio. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The See city for the diocese is Toledo. The eighth and current Bishop of Toledo is Daniel Edward Thomas. Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Pius X erected the diocese April 15, 1910, in territory taken from the Diocese of Cleveland. The arms of the See of Toledo are based upon", "id": "6750935" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin's 7th congressional district\n\n\nWisconsin's 7th congressional district is a congressional district of the United States House of Representatives in northwestern and central Wisconsin; it is the largest congressional district in the state geographically, covering 20 counties (in whole or part), for a total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, St. Croix, Chippewa (partial), Clark, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Jackson (partial), Juneau (partial), Langlade, Lincoln, Marathon,", "id": "8780919" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez () is located in the northern Mexican city of the same name, across the Río Grande from El Paso, Texas. It is part of the ecclesiastical province of Chihuahua and is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Chihuahua . The Diocese of Ciudad Juárez was erected by Pope Pius XII on 10 April 1957 from the Diocese of Chihuahua because of the population growth in the northern part of the state of Chihuahua. Pope Pius named Manuel Talamás Camandari as the first bishop, and by 1966", "id": "13992785" }, { "contents": "Superior, Wisconsin\n\n\nSuperior come from the Duluth market: Superior is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Francis Xavier Catholic Church, located in the East End of Superior, has been noted for its architecture. Christ Evangelical Lutheran Church is the only congregation of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod located in Superior. It recently moved from its original location on Belknap Street to a new campus on North 28th Street. Pilgrim Lutheran Church is located", "id": "4103054" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi (\"Dioecesis Uromiensis\") in Uromi, Edo State, Nigeria was created on December 14, 2005, when it was split off from the Archdiocese of Benin City. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Benin City. Its first bishop was Augustine Obiora Akubeze (who was named Archbishop of Benin City in March 2011). The St Anthony of Padua church in Uromi was selected to be its cathedral. The canonical erection of the diocese and the episcopal ordination of the bishop took", "id": "2286692" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the northwestern United States, comprising the northern regions of the state of Alaska. It is led by a bishop who serves as pastor of the mother church, Sacred Heart Cathedral in the City of Fairbanks. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Anchorage. The See of Fairbanks was established from the Prefecture Apostolic of Alaska on July 27, 1894, which was created from the Diocese of Vancouver Island. It was", "id": "7747608" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough () is a suffragan Latin diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kingston, Ontario that includes part of the federal Province of Ontario in inland Canada. Its episcopal see is the Cathedral of Saint Peter-in-Chains in Peterborough, Ontario. On March 10, 2017, the Pope named former Hamilton Auxiliary Bishop Daniel J. Miehm as the new Bishop of Peterborough. Established on 25 January 1874 as Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Canada, on territory split off from the Diocese of Kingston", "id": "5387249" }, { "contents": "Catholic Diocese of Guiratinga\n\n\nThe Diocese of Guiratinga (Dioecesis Guiratingensis) was a former ecclesiastical circumscription of the Catholic Church in Brazil, belonging to the Ecclesiastical Province of Cuiabá and the West II Regional Bishops' Council of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil, being a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cuiabá. The episcopal see is the Cathedral St. John the Baptist in the city of Guiratinga in the state of Mato Grosso. The Prelature Registry Araguaia (Territorialis Praelatura Registrensis or Territorialis Praelatura registration Araguaia) was erected on May 12, 1914 by Pope Pius X", "id": "4926427" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America encompassing the northwestern third of Wisconsin. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). The faith community comprises 20 interdependent congregations, mostly small and rural. The see and diocesan offices are in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, with Christ Church Cathedral as the mother church. Christ Church in La Crosse is the largest church in the diocese. The roots of the Diocese of Eau Claire begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians", "id": "2071071" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Motherwell\n\n\nCumbernauld and the area of Auchinloch) and South Lanarkshire. The diocese, along with the Diocese of Paisley, was erected as a Suffragan See by the Apostolic Constitution \"Maxime interest\" on 25 May 1947. The new See took part of the Archdiocese of Glasgow (becoming its Suffragan See) and part of the Diocese of Galloway. At present the diocese is vacant. The most recent Bishop of Motherwell was the Right Reverend Joseph Devine, whose resignation was accepted by Pope Francis on 30 May 2013. On Tuesday 29 April", "id": "3729293" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 28\n\n\nBayfield), Pepin, Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix Counties. The first Senator from the 28th was William Wilson of Menomonie, who served in the 1857 session (the tenth session of the Wisconsin Legislature). The district has also been represented by: As of the redistricting of 1861, the 28th now consisted of Ashland, Burnett, Dallas (later renamed Barron), Douglas, La Pointe (later renamed Bayfield), Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix counties (it was not changed in the redistricting of", "id": "2063122" }, { "contents": "List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Northern Ireland\n\n\nIn the Roman Catholic Church, the entirety of Northern Ireland is comprehended by the ecclesiastical province of Armagh. The eponymous archdiocese and five of its suffragan dioceses cover the area of Northern Ireland. The diocesan and archdiocesan boundaries are not coterminous with the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Only two dioceses are entirely contained within Northern Ireland: Down and Connor and the Diocese of Dromore. Three dioceses and the Archdiocese of Armagh straddle the border. The Archdiocese and its suffragans are all part of the Episcopal conference of Ireland", "id": "14015256" }, { "contents": "Anglican Bishop of Nottingham\n\n\nThe Anglican Bishop of Nottingham was an episcopal title used by a Church of England suffragan bishop. The title took its name after the county town of Nottingham and was first created under the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534. Until 1837, Nottingham had been part of the Diocese of York, when it then became part of the Diocese of Lincoln. With the creation of the Diocese of Southwell in 1884, Nottingham became part of that diocese, but the then- (and final) bishop remained suffragan to Lincoln. Since 2005, Nottingham gives", "id": "20176138" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell () is an ecclesiastical diocese of the Catholic Church in Scotland. The diocese, which was erected on 25 May 1947 by Pope Pius XII from the Archdiocese of Glasgow, along with the Diocese of Paisley which was erected on the same day, remains one of two suffragan sees under the Archdiocese. On Tuesday 29 April 2014 - the Feast of St Catherine of Siena - Pope Francis appointed Joseph Toal as the fifth Bishop of Motherwell. In 2004, the Catholic population, proportionately the largest in", "id": "16456386" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nnative people, and baptized over 1,000 converts. During this time, the region was being overseen by French Catholic leaders in Quebec, which became a diocese in 1674, encompassing all of North America east of the Mississippi River. In 1791, the region was transferred to the Diocese of Baltimore, which was the first Catholic diocese created in the then-newly formed United States. In 1843, the Diocese of Milwaukee was established, and consisted of the entire state of Wisconsin. Northern Wisconsin remained within the Diocese of Milwaukee,", "id": "9474217" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nEpiscopal Diocese of Milwaukee, originally the Diocese of Wisconsin is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America located in the southern area of Wisconsin. It is in Province V (for the Midwest region). The Rt. Reverend Steven Miller is the bishop. The see city is Milwaukee. Cathedral Church of All Saints, Milwaukee is the mother church. The diocese was formed after Jackson Kemper was named the Episcopal Church's first missionary bishop and oversaw the church's mission to the Northwest Territories from 1835 to", "id": "2071175" }, { "contents": "Joseph G. Pinten\n\n\nvicar general, in 1919 purchased dormitory property of Northern Normal College and donated it to the diocese to use as a church with conditions that it be named after Saint Michael and that the new parish build a school. On November 30, 1921, Pope Benedict XV appointed Pinten the third bishop of the Superior Diocese. He was ordained bishop on May 3, 1922 at St. Peter Cathedral with Archbishop Sebastian Messmer of Milwaukee presiding. The next day an enthronement ceremony was held a Sacred Heart pro-cathedral in Superior. After his", "id": "18330981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kansas City–Saint Joseph\n\n\nXIII established the Diocese of Kansas City, with territories taken from the Archdiocese of St. Louis. Its first bishop was John Joseph Hogan. On July 2, 1956, the diocese incorporated part of the territory of the Diocese of Saint Joseph, which had been established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868. On the same date in 1956 part of the Diocese of Kansas City's territory went to establish the Diocese of Jefferson City and the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau. The diocese received its present name and boundaries", "id": "13839607" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Kerry\n\n\nThe Bishop of Kerry is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kerry, one of the suffragan dioceses of the Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly in Ireland. The Episcopal see changed its name from Ardfert and Aghadoe to Kerry on 20 December 1952. The bishop's seat (Cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church Saint Mary, Killarney. The current bishop is the Most Reverend Raymond Browne who was appointed Bishop of Kerry by Pope Francis on 2 May 2013 and received episcopal consecration at St Mary's Cathedral, Killarney on 21", "id": "20835420" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle\n\n\nas a result by 1850 the Diocese of Walla Walla was abandoned and its merged-in territory administered from Oregon City. On May 31, 1850, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese, with Augustin Blanchet as bishop. In January 1851, Augustin Blanchet dedicated St. James Church near Fort Vancouver as the new diocese's cathedral. A new St. James Cathedral was built in Vancouver, Washington in 1885. In 1903 Bishop Edward O'Dea, realizing that Vancouver was no longer the economic and", "id": "6861805" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nthe head of the new diocese, including the need to recruit priests to serve the growing number of parishes throughout the diocese. By the time Bishop Schinner resigned as the bishop of Superior in 1913, he saw the pool of priests grow from 39 diocesan priests in 1905 to 62 in 1913. Today, there are now 105 parishes within the Diocese of Superior. The following is a list of the Roman Catholic Bishops of the Diocese of Superior and their years of service: The Diocese of Superior has a membership of 73,638 Catholics", "id": "9474220" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Northern California. The diocese comprises Alameda and Contra Costa Counties in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Cathedral of Christ the Light serves as the bishop's seat, replacing the Cathedral of Saint Francis de Sales which was demolished after the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989. Once a part of the Archdiocese of San Francisco, the Diocese of Oakland remains a suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the", "id": "4599275" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\ndioceses which did not formally claim any continuity with the pre-Elizabethan English dioceses were created. The Vicariate Apostolic of the Northern District was duly elevated to diocese status as the Diocese of Hexham. On 23 May 1861 the diocese became the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, it was assigned to the newly created Province of Liverpool. The present diocese covers an area of 7,700 km²", "id": "3501975" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\n1859. He became provisional bishop of Wisconsin from 1847 to 1854 and first bishop of the Diocese of Wisconsin from 1854 to 1870. In 1875, the Diocese of Fond du Lac was created to serve the northeastern 26 counties of the state. The Diocese of Eau Claire, was carved out of the diocese in 1928 for the counties in the northwestern part of Wisconsin. The Diocese of Wisconsin became the Diocese of Milwaukee in 1886. Over the last few years the membership has declined from 15,000 to 11,000. Nashotah House, in", "id": "2071176" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson\n\n\nThe Diocese of Paterson is a diocese of the Roman Rite of the Latin Catholic Church in the United States, which includes three counties in northern New Jersey: Passaic, Morris, and Sussex. The city of Paterson, third-largest in the state of New Jersey, was chosen as the episcopal see, even though the vast majority of diocesan territory lies west of the city. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Newark, and is part of Region III of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. The", "id": "14672461" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay () was established on March 3, 1868, by Pope Pius IX. It covers the city of Green Bay, as well as Brown, Calumet, Door, Florence, Forest, Kewaunee, Langlade, Manitowoc, Marinette, Menominee, Oconto, Outagamie, Shawano, Waupaca, Waushara and Winnebago counties in Wisconsin. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The earliest trace of the Catholic faith in the Green Bay area was in 1634. Jesuits followed Jean Nicolet to", "id": "9417148" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering the parishes of northern Louisiana, and a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. Its bishop is part of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and belongs to Conference Region V (which includes Alabama, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee). Its mother church is the Cathedral of Saint John Berchmans, in Shreveport. The Diocese of Shreveport was canonically erected on June 16, 1986 when Pope John Paul II split the former Diocese of", "id": "18926928" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids () is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in western Michigan, in the United States. It comprises 102 churches in 11 counties in West Michigan. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Detroit. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of Saint Andrew. On April 18, 2013, Pope Francis accepted Bishop Walter A. Hurley's resignation and appointed the Rev. David J. Walkowiak to be the twelfth Bishop of Grand Rapids. The diocese was created from territory taken from", "id": "221824" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Suacia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Svač (, , ) was a bishopric with see in the town of Svač (Latinized as Suacia), which is today the village lying to the east of Ulcinj in Montenegro that is called in Serbian Шас, in Croat Šas and in Albanian Shas. The area was part of the late Roman province of Dalmatia Superior, and the Catholic Church, which includes the diocese in its list of Latin titular sees, accordingly treats it as a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Doclea. The diocese of Svač (", "id": "4011385" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck () is a Roman Catholic diocese in North Dakota. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop David Kagan. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Bismarck. The Cathedral parish of the diocese is Cathedral of the Holy Spirit. On December 31, 1909 Saint Pius X established the Diocese of Bismarck. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Fargo. The list of bishops of the diocese and their terms of service", "id": "18993019" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fiesole\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fiesole () is a Roman Catholic diocese in Tuscany, central Italy, whose episcopal see is the city of Fiesole. Fiesole was directly subject to the pope until 1420, when the archdiocese of Florence was created and Fiesole was made one of its suffragan bishops. It is still a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Florence. According to local legend the Gospel was first preached at Fiesole by Messius Romulus, said to have been a disciple of St. Peter. Documentary evidence, however, is from the 9th and", "id": "3288239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangalore\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Bangalore () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in India. It was erected as the Diocese of Bangalore on 13 February 1940 by Pope Pius XII, and elevated to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese on 19 September 1953, with the suffragan sees of Belgaum, Bellary, Chikmagalur, Gulbarga, Karwar, Mangalore, Udupi, Mysore, and Shimoga. The archdiocese's mother church and thus seat of its archbishop is the St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral; Bangalore also houses", "id": "9571833" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City () is a Roman Catholic diocese in western South Dakota, United States. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Robert Dwayne Gruss. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Rapid City. The Cathedral parish is the Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. On August 6, 1902 Saint Pius X established the diocese as the Diocese of Lead. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Sioux Falls. The", "id": "18993239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong is a suffragan Latin Rite diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1951, covering the Illawarra and Southern Highlands regions of New South Wales, Australia. St Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Wollongong is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Wollongong, currently Brian Mascord. On 15 November 1951, Pope Pius XII announced that a new diocese would be created from the two archdioceses of Sydney and Canberra & Goulburn. To be named Wollongong, the diocese was officially established on 11 February 1952.", "id": "21254634" }, { "contents": "Cathedral of Christ the King (Superior, Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Cathedral of Christ the King is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior in Superior, Wisconsin. It was named in honor of Christ the King. The building is located at 1111 Belknap Street in Superior. When the Diocese of Superior was established in 1905 Sacred Heart church, which had been established in the 1880s, was designated the pro-cathedral. Sacred Heart continued in this function until 1926. The cathedral construction project was announced in February 1926 and the groundbreaking occurred on June 23, 1926. Bishop", "id": "2884619" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nsuffragan sees were erected in Indiana and Illinois. In 1843 the Illinois portion of the diocese became the Diocese of Chicago. On 8 January 1857 the northern half of Indiana comprised the Diocese of Fort Wayne. On 28 March 1898 the episcopal diocese was transferred from Vincennes to Indianapolis, and the Diocese of Vincennes became the Diocese of Indianapolis. In 1944 Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese and founded two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The city of Vincennes, the former", "id": "4928244" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary () is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States of America. It was founded on December 17, 1956, by Pope Pius XII. It is one of four suffragan dioceses of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Its ecclesiastic territory includes Lake, Porter, LaPorte, and Starke counties in northwestern Indiana. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of the Holy Angels in Gary, Indiana. During the first half of the 20th century, many Catholic immigrants", "id": "17635414" }, { "contents": "Red Cedar River (Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Red Cedar River in northwestern Wisconsin is a tributary of the Chippewa River. According to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the river flows approximately 100 miles from southwestern Sawyer County to its confluence with the Chippewa southeast of Dunnville in southern Dunn County. It drains portions of eight Wisconsin counties: Barron, Chippewa, Dunn, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn. Important tributaries include the Chetek River and the Hay River. Important settlements along the river's course include Cameron, Rice Lake, Colfax,", "id": "2013455" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\n, he chose Indianapolis, the state capital of Indiana and the largest city in the diocese, as the new seat of the episcopal see. Between 1837 and 1882 seventy-five priests were ordained at St. Francis Xavier, including Michael E. Shawe, the first priest ordained in Indiana. In 1898 the episcopal see was moved to Indianapolis and it became the Diocese of Indianapolis. Bishop Chatard was its first bishop. St. Francis Xavier remained under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Indianapolis from 1898 to 1944, when Pope Pius XII elevated", "id": "1660117" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln () is a Catholic diocese in Nebraska, United States, and comprises the majority of the eastern and central portions of the state south of the Platte River. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Omaha. The episcopal see is in Lincoln, Nebraska. Bishop James D. Conley is the current ordinary of the Diocese. The Cathedral of the Risen Christ is the cathedral parish of the diocese. The diocese was established on August 2, 1887, by Pope Leo XIII from the territory", "id": "18992119" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná () is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Concordia and Gualeguaychú. On 13 June 1859, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of Paraná from the Diocese of Buenos Aires. It lost territory to the Diocese of Santa Fe when it was created in 1897 and the Diocese of Corrientes in 1910. The Diocese of Paraná was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope Pius XI on 20 April 1934. It lost territory two more times when the dioceses of Gualeguaychú (1957) and Concordia (1961", "id": "14584212" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nDiocese of Indianapolis. Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese in 1944, and erected two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The Diocese of Gary, Indiana, was erected in 1956. The Evansville Diocese absorbed the city of Vincennes upon its creation. The first four Bishops of Vincennes resided at the seat of the episcopal diocese in Vincennes. Their remains are buried in the crypt of St. Francis Xavier Basilica, Vincennes. Bishop Chatard, who resided in Indianapolis and also served", "id": "4928227" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kumba\n\n\nThe Diocese of Kumba (Latin: \"Diocesis Kumbana;\" French: \"Diocèse de Kumba\") is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the African country of Cameroon. Headquartered in Kumba, the diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart and its bishop is Agapitus Enuyehnyoh Nfon. The diocese was created on 15 March 2016 by Pope Francis from territory in the Diocese of Buéa, and it is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Bamenda. On 15 March 2016, Pope Francis established the Diocese of Kumba", "id": "4860060" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grass Valley\n\n\nThe Diocese of Grass Valley () now a titular see, was formerly a residential diocese of the Catholic Church located in northeastern California, United States. The diocese also included most of Nevada, and, early in its history, Utah and part of Colorado. The particular church that became the Diocese of Grass Valley was erected in by Pope Pius IX in 1860 as the Vicariate Apostolic of Marysville from territory formerly belonging to the Archdiocese of San Francisco, of which it was a suffragan see. In 1868, the see city", "id": "1681182" }, { "contents": "James Patrick Powers\n\n\nJames Patrick Powers (born February 6, 1953) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church and the eleventh bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin. Powers was born in Baldwin, Wisconsin on February 6, 1953. He graduated from St. Croix Central High School, in Hammond, Wisconsin, and from Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Powers was ordained a priest of the Superior Diocese on May 20, 1990. He served as administrator of the diocese from December 2014 to February 2016,", "id": "11695981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Teggiano-Policastro\n\n\nThe Italian Latin Catholic Diocese of (Diano-)Teggiano-Policastro (), in Campania, has existed since 1850, under its present name since 1986. In that year the Diocese of Diano-Teggiano was united with the diocese of Policastro. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno. Its cathedral episcopal see is the Marian Cattedrale di S. Maria Maggiore e S. Michele Arcangelo, in Teggiano. The current bishop is Antonio De Luca. On 29 September 1850, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of", "id": "18017079" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth is a Latin Church Roman Catholic diocese in England. The episcopal see is in the city of Plymouth, Devon, where the bishop's seat (cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church of St Mary and St Boniface. Erected as the Diocese of Plymouth in 1850 by Pope Pius IX, from the Apostolic Vicariate of the Western District, the diocese has remained jurisdictionally constant since. Since 1965, the diocese has been a suffragan see of the Ecclesiastical Province of Southwark; before then, from", "id": "8307114" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson (, ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the southwestern region of the United States. It is a suffragan see of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santa Fe. The diocese was recently led by its seventh bishop, Most Reverend Gerald Frederick Kicanas, who retired on October 3, 2017. The See city for the diocese is Tucson, Arizona, and its cathedral parish is the St. Augustine. Another church of special interest is the Mission San Xavier del Bac, also", "id": "7747261" }, { "contents": "Diocese of Rochester\n\n\n) were added to Rochester, while all West Kent parishes except those in the Rochester Deanery were transferred to the Diocese of Canterbury. In May 1877, Essex and Hertfordshire became part of the newly created Diocese of St Albans. On 1 August 1877, the Diocese of Rochester gained some northern parts of Surrey from the Diocese of Winchester which were later transferred to the Diocese of Southwark at its creation in 1905. The present diocesan bishop, the Bishop of Rochester, is James Langstaff. The diocese also has a suffragan bishop:", "id": "3447784" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the Ecclesiastical Province of Cincinnati covering 23 counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The episcopal see of the diocese is situated at Columbus. The diocese was erected on March 3, 1868 by Pope Pius IX out of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. On October 21, 1944 the diocese lost territory when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Steubenville. The Catholic faith was brought in the area by the Dominican Order in Somerset. They established St. Joseph's Parish", "id": "6750859" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral (Alexandria, Louisiana)\n\n\n, and the clock was installed in 1908. Because of the newly constructed church and Alexandria's central location, Bishop Cornelius Van de Ven petitioned the Roman Curia to transfer the seat of the diocese from Natchitoches to Alexandria. Pope Pius X created the suffragan Diocese of Alexandria on . St. Francis Xavier Church was elevated to the rank of cathedral of the newly created diocese. The current bishop of Alexandria is Sede Vacante, and the rector of the cathedral is Father James A. Ferguson. The cathedral's rose windows are the largest in", "id": "16556508" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of Ohio. Pope Pius IX erected the diocese April 23, 1847, in territory taken from the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The diocese lost territory in 1910 when Pope Pius X erected the Diocese of Toledo, and in 1943 when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Youngstown. It is currently the 17th-largest diocese in the United States by population, encompassing the counties of Ashland, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Medina,", "id": "6750690" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pavia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Pavia () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It has been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan only since 1817. Previous to the reorganization of the hierarchy in northern Italy by Pope Pius VII after the expulsion of the French and the Congress of Vienna, the diocese of Pavia had depended directly upon the Holy See, despite repeated failed attempts on the part of the Archbishops of Milan to claim control. The diocese has produced one Pope and Patriarch of Venice, and three cardinals. The", "id": "9177548" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza () is an archdiocese located in the city of Fortaleza in Brazil. On June 6, 1854, it was established by Pope Pius IX, as the Diocese of Ceará from the Diocese of Olinda. Formerly a part of the Diocese of Pernambuco, the district was erected into a separate diocese, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Bahia. João Guerino Gomes was named as first bishop but did not accept the appointment. Father Gomes, who was famous in his day both as an orator and as", "id": "5595432" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lansing\n\n\nThe Catholic Diocese of Lansing () is located in Lansing, Michigan. It encompasses an area of including the counties of Clinton, Eaton, Genesee, Hillsdale, Ingham, Jackson, Lenawee, Livingston, Shiawassee and Washtenaw. It is a suffragan diocese of the ecclesiastical province of Detroit. Pope Pius XI created the Diocese of Lansing May 22, 1937 by taking territory from the Archdiocese of Detroit. In July 1971, Pope Paul VI separated territory from the Lansing Diocese and territory from the Diocese of Grand Rapids to form the", "id": "4281991" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza () is in Argentina and is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Neuquén and San Rafael. On 20 April 1934, Pope Pius XI established the Diocese of Mendoza from the Diocese of San Juan de Cuyo. It lost territory to the Diocese of San Rafael when it was created in 1961. At the same time, the Diocese of Mendoza was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope John XXIII on 10 April 1961./small On 5 May 2017, Kosaka Kumiko, a Japanese-Argentinian nun,", "id": "15288343" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City () is the Roman Catholic diocese for the northwestern quarter of the US state of Iowa. The diocese comprises 24 counties in northwestern Iowa, and it covers an area of . The See city for the diocese is Sioux City. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The cathedral parish for this diocese is the Epiphany. R. Walker Nickless was ordained as bishop of Sioux City on 20 January 2006. On 24 July, 1900, Pope Leo XIII issued a papal bull", "id": "394842" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis\n\n\nlater period the church first came into the area with the arrival of missionaries and European settlers. The original see was canonically erected by Pope Pius IX on July 19, 1850 as the Diocese of Saint Paul of Minnesota, a suffragan episcopal see of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis. The Diocese's territory was taken from that of Dubuque, and its authority spread over all of Minnesota Territory, which consisted of the area which now composes the states of Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota and also comprises the modern archdiocese's ecclesiastical", "id": "7457113" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Sherborne\n\n\nThe Bishop of Sherborne is an episcopal title which takes its name from the market town of Sherborne in Dorset, England. The see of Sherborne was established in around 705 by St Aldhelm, the Abbot of Malmesbury. This see was the mother diocese of the greater part of southwestern England in Saxon times, but after the Norman Conquest was incorporated into the new Diocese of Salisbury. The title Bishop of Sherborne is now used by the Church of England for a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Salisbury. In 1925, the title", "id": "4184192" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\nthe episcopal see to the Archdiocese of Indianapolis and established two new suffragan diocese in Indiana: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. On 14 March 1970 Pope Paul VI raised the status of St. Francis Xavier Cathedral to a basilica. The present Greek Revival-style basilica dates from 1826, making it the oldest Catholic church in Indiana. It was built on or near the site of two earlier churches. The first chapel, a crude structure measuring 22 feet by 66 feet, with log posts, mud daub,", "id": "1660118" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Caserta\n\n\nThe Diocese of Caserta () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Campania, southern Italy. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Naples. In 1818 Pope Pius VII united this see with the diocese of Caiazzo, but Pope Pius IX made them separate sees. In 2013 in the diocese of Caserta there was one priest for every 1,703 Catholics. It is not known when Caserta became an episcopal see. The first-known bishop was Ranulfo whose election in 1113 was confirmed by Senne, Archbishop of Capua. \"Erected", "id": "16395150" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia\n\n\nThe Italian Catholic Diocese of Pescia () is in Tuscany. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Pisa. In 1519 Pope Leo X withdrew Pescia from the archdiocese of Lucca, raising it to the dignity of a prelacy nullius; and in 1726 it was made a diocese, suffragan of Pisa. Its first bishop was Bartolommeo Pucci (1728). Others were Francesco Vicenti (1773–1801), and Giulio Serafini. On 25 November 2015, Pope Francis appointed as the new Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia,", "id": "15933634" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur\n\n\nLumpur was dedicated to St John the evangelist in 1883, and would be later known as St. John's Cathedral, the Mother Church of Kuala Lumpur. In 1955, the Diocese of Malacca became a Metropolitan Archdiocese, with the newly formed Diocese of Penang and Diocese of Kuala Lumpur as its suffragan sees. Bishop Dominic Vendargon was appointed as the first Bishop of Kuala Lumpur, and was ordained in the same year. In 1972, the Diocese of Kuala Lumpur was elevated into an Archdiocese, with the suffragan dioceses of Penang and", "id": "14666462" }, { "contents": "WESTconsin Credit Union\n\n\nanyone who lives or works in the Wisconsin counties of Barron, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Dunn, Eau Claire, Jackson, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau or Washburn, or the Minnesota counties of Anoka, Chisago, Dakota, Goodhue, Isanti, Ramsey, Wabasha, and Washington with a $5 deposit in a membership share (savings) account. Presently, \"WEST\"consin Credit Union has five fully operational high school offices that are located in Amery,", "id": "1182556" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zamboanga\n\n\nthe future city of Zamboanga. On January 20, 1933, Pope Pius XI divided Mindanao into two areas. Southern Mindanao including the Sulu Archipelago became under the jurisdiction of Zamboanga. Northern Mindanao became under the Diocese of Cagayan de Oro. In 1951 Cagayan de Oro became an archdiocese, the first in the island of Mindanao. All episcopal jurisdictions in Mindanao and Sulu, including Zamboanga, became suffragans of this archdiocese. The Diocese of Zamboanga was further divided when the Prelature Nullius of Davao was established and separated in 1949; the", "id": "18254813" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiavari\n\n\nThe Diocese of Chiavari () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Liguria, northern Italy. It was created on 3 December 1892 by Pope Leo XIII in the Bull \"Romani Pontifices\". It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Genoa. Chiavari became an episcopal see in 1892, but until 1896 it was administered by Tommaso Reggio, the Archbishop of Genoa, to which diocese it originally belonged, through his Auxiliary Bishop and Vicar General, Fortunato Vinelli, titular bishop of Epiphania (Cilicia, Ottoman Empire). The", "id": "15328930" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of El Paso\n\n\nwest Texas were served by travelling priests in car and horseback. After Pinto's efforts, Catholic parishes began to flourish in El Paso. On 3 March 1914, Pope Pius X established the Diocese of El Paso as a suffragan see of Santa Fe. The diocese covered nearly in West Texas and southern New Mexico and was created from parts of the dioceses of Dallas, San Antonio and Tucson. Jesuit priest Father John J. Brown was appointed bishop of the newly created diocese on 22 January 1915 but resigned before his scheduled consecration.", "id": "18993686" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai (; ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Municipality of Shanghai, China. It was erected on December 13, 1933 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Shanghai by Pope Pius XI, and was later elevated to the rank of a diocese on April 11, 1946 by Pope Pius XII. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Nanking. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is St. Ignatius Cathedral; it also houses a minor basilica in Sheshan", "id": "15983488" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta is a suffragan Latin Church diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1986. The Diocese of Parramatta is an organisation of the Roman Catholic Church, with responsibility for the western suburbs of Sydney and the Blue Mountains, in New South Wales, Australia. St Patrick's Cathedral, Parramatta, is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Parramatta. On 5 May 2016, Pope Francis appointed Vincent Long Van Nguyen OFM Conv to be its fourth bishop. His installation took place on 16 June 2016", "id": "21254601" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Utah\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Utah is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States, encompassing the state of Utah, less that part of the Four Corners region which is in the Navajoland Area Mission. It includes a small part of northern Arizona. In 1867, the Episcopal Church was the first Protestant church organized in Utah. The diocesan offices and cathedral, St. Mark's Cathedral, are in Salt Lake City. The current bishop is Scott B. Hayashi, whose consecration took place on November 6, 2010 and was installed", "id": "17667064" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton is a suffragan see of Archdiocese of Philadelphia, established on March 3, 1868. The seat of the bishop is St. Peter's Cathedral in Scranton, PA. Other cities in the diocese are Wilkes-Barre, Williamsport, Hazleton, Nanticoke, Carbondale, and Pittston. The diocese comprises Lackawanna, Luzerne, Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne, Tioga, Sullivan, Wyoming, Lycoming, Pike, and Monroe counties, all in the northeastern part of Pennsylvania. The area of the diocese is .", "id": "10915059" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the United States. It comprises the territory of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agaña. The diocese was canonically erected on 8 November 1984 by Pope John Paul II. Its territories were taken from the archdiocese based in Guam. The Diocese of Chalan Kanoa is led by a prelate bishop who pastors the mother church, the Our Lady of Mount Carmel Cathedral on Saipan.", "id": "5619001" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Mantua\n\n\nThe Diocese of Mantua () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It was erected in 804, and is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan. The diocese has produced one Pope and (Latin) Patriarch of Constantinople, and two cardinals. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is the Cathedral of S. Pietro Apostolo; Mantua also contains the Basilica of Sant'Andrea. The last Bishop of Mantua iss Gianmarco Busca, appointed by Pope Francis on June 3, 2016. The bishops emeriti are Egidio", "id": "9176744" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kota Kinabalu\n\n\nafter its see. On 31 May 1976 the vicariate was elevated to a full Diocese of Kota Kinabalu, suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kuching. The diocese lost territories twice, to create its present suffragans : On 23 May 2008, the diocese was elevated to Metropolitan Archdiocese, whose ecclesiastical province comprises the above suffragan dioceses, both formerly part of the original territory of the diocese of Kota Kinabalu: the Diocese of Keningau and the Diocese of Sandakan. On 21 June 2010, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Rev.", "id": "11660795" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\nthe diocese in 1850, Pius IX appointed Bishop William Hogarth, Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District, to be the first bishop of the diocese. The Parish Church of Saint Mary, Newcastle upon Tyne, designed by Augustus Welby Pugin, was selected as the seat for the new bishop, gaining cathedral status. In 1924, Pope Pius XI withdrew the old counties of Cumberland and Westmorland to incorporate them into a newly created Diocese of Lancaster. For this reason, the Lancaster diocese still considers St Cuthbert as one of its principal", "id": "6620884" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nof the Diocese of Wisconsin. In 1870, Fond du Lac was the second largest city in Wisconsin. The remaining counties continued as the Diocese of Wisconsin until 1888, when it was renamed the Diocese of Milwaukee. In 1875, after three elections, John Henry Hobart Brown accepted election as first bishop and was consecrated December 15, 1875 at St. John's Episcopal Church, Cohoes, New York. Brown declared the city of Fond du Lac and St. Paul's Church as the episcopal See. The other viable location was Christ", "id": "2071144" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fond du Lac is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, encompassing the northeastern third of Wisconsin. The diocese contains about 5,700 baptized members worshipping in 37 locations. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). Diocesan offices are in Appleton, Wisconsin. The Diocesan Archives are maintained in Grafton Hall behind the Cathedral in Fond du Lac. Matthew Gunter is its bishop. The roots of the Diocese of Fond du Lac begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians, removing from", "id": "2071141" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spiš\n\n\nThe Diocese of Spiš (, ) is a Roman Catholic diocese in northern Slovakia. It covers central and eastern parts of the Žilina Region and western part of the Prešov Region. Its seat is in Spišská Kapitula; the diocese covers an area of 7,802 km² with 583,633 people of which 76.6% are of Catholic faith (2004). The current bishop is Štefan Sečka. The diocese was established on 13 March 1776 as a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Esztergom. In 1804, its metropolitan was changed to the Archdiocese of Eger", "id": "12385676" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Salford\n\n\n-Elizabethan English dioceses of which one of these was the diocese of Salford and went on to take up the reins of part of the former Vicariate Apostolic of the Lancashire District. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but a further development was its assignment under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, to a newly created Province of Liverpool. At the diocese's creation the territory assigned to it was the hundreds of Salford and Blackburn. The diocese currently covers an", "id": "3729210" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering twenty-eight counties in Kansas. Pope Pius XII created the diocese on May 19, 1951. John B. Brungardt was appointed Bishop of Dodge City in December 2010. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City encompasses 23,000-square-miles, and 50 parishes in 28 counties. It was established in 1951 from parts of the Diocese of Wichita, the Diocese of Leavenworth, and the Vicariate Apostolic of the Indian Territory established July 19, 1850. At that", "id": "17635532" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It comprises that part of South Dakota east of the Missouri River. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Paul J. Swain. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Sioux Falls. The cathedral parish is St. Joseph Cathedral. On August 12, 1879 Pope Leo XIII established the Vicariate Apostolic of Dakota from territory taken from the Diocese of", "id": "18993545" } ]

[ { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior () encompasses the city of Superior and the counties of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Lincoln, Oneida, Price, Polk, Rusk, Sawyer, St. Croix, Taylor, Vilas, and Washburn in northern Wisconsin, with an area of . Its episcopal see is Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is its mother church. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The diocese was established on May 3, 1905 by", "id": "9474213" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nPope Pius X. It was created from the northern part of the Diocese of La Crosse and the northwestern part of the Diocese of Green Bay, with Augustine Francis Schinner as the first bishop. Prior to the official founding of the diocese in 1905, there had already been a rich history of Catholicism in the region. Centuries earlier, Catholic missionaries had forged a dynamic presence throughout the Lake Superior region of Wisconsin. The early history of Catholicism in the state of Wisconsin started within the territory that the Diocese of Superior now encompasses,", "id": "9474214" }, { "contents": "List of museums in Wisconsin\n\n\nMarathon, Marquette, Menominee, Milwaukee, Oconto, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan Counties in the north central and northwest area: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Langlade, Lincoln, Oneida, Polk, Price, Rusk, Sawyer, Taylor, Vilas, Washburn South central and southwest area along the Mississippi and Chippewa rivers: Buffalo, Chippewa, Crawford, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Jackson, La Crosse, Pepin, Pierce, St. Croix, Trempealeau, Vernon South", "id": "7014980" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nserved for one year as pastor of St. Hubertus parish at Hubertus, Wisconsin. From 1887 to 1893 he was a member of the faculty of St. Francis Seminary. From 1893 to 1905, he served as chancellor and vicar general of the archdiocese of Milwaukee, appointed by Archbishop Frederick Katzer. The Diocese of Superior was established on May 3, 1905, formed from portions of the Diocese of Green Bay and the Diocese of La Crosse. On May 13, 1905, Pope Pius X appointed Schinner the first Bishop of the newly", "id": "5250913" }, { "contents": "United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin\n\n\nheld at Madison. The district comprises the following counties: Adams, Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Green, Iowa, Iron, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, La Crosse, Lafayette, Lincoln, Marathon, Monroe, Oneida, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Portage, Price, Richland, Rock, Rusk, Sauk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Vilas, Washburn and", "id": "19092884" }, { "contents": "2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin\n\n\na total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark (partial), Douglas, Iron, Langlade (partial), Lincoln, Marathon, Oneida, Polk, Portage, Price, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Washburn and Wood. The district is currently represented by Sean Duffy, a Republican. The PVI of the district is R+8. Duffy is running for reelection. The 8th congressional district includes Green Bay and Appleton. It", "id": "2566179" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nAugustine Francis Schinner (May 1, 1863 – February 7, 1937) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the first Bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin (1905-1913) and first Bishop of the Diocese of Spokane, Washington (1914-1925). Schinner was educated at St. Francis Seminary in Wisconsin, and was ordained to the priesthood on March 7, 1886, by Archbishop Michael Heiss of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee at the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist. He", "id": "5250912" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse\n\n\nthe Workman. The Diocese of La Crosse was established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868, from territory that was taken from what was then the Diocese of Milwaukee. It included the part of Wisconsin lying north and west of the Wisconsin River. Michael Heiss, then head of St. Francis Seminary, Milwaukee, was named the first bishop of the La Crosse episcopal see. On May 3, 1905, the territory of the Dioceses of La Crosse and Green Bay was brought together to form the Diocese of Superior,", "id": "6320305" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nuntil the formation of the Diocese of Lacrosse, and the Diocese of Green Bay, which then served the northern region. Finally, in 1905, the Diocese of Superior was created by Pope Pius X, encompassing 16 counties in northern Wisconsin. The oldest Catholic congregation in the state of Wisconsin (in continuous operation to the present-day) is within the Diocese of Superior. On July 27, 1836, Fr. Frederic Baraga arrived at La Pointe, and immediately set to work, building a log church. Fr.", "id": "9474218" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane\n\n\n, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese. The episcopal see was subsequently moved to Seattle, and the diocese was renamed the Diocese of Seattle in 1907. With a growing population in Spokane and other areas of Eastern Washington, church leadership in Seattle realized that a new diocese needed to be formed, and the Diocese of Spokane was canonically erected by Pope Pius X on December 17, 1913. The diocese's first bishop was Augustine Francis Schinner, the bishop emeritus of the Diocese of", "id": "6861839" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 25\n\n\nThe 25th District of the Wisconsin Senate is located in far north-western Wisconsin, and is currently composed of part or all of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Price, Sawyer, Vilas and Washburn counties. The district area is a mostly rural, and covers more land and more counties than any other district in Wisconsin. Janet Bewley is the senator serving the 25th district. She was elected to a four-year term in 2014. Before serving as a senator, she held an office", "id": "19471671" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nBaraga, like the Jesuit missionaries before him, had success evangelizing the native people. His congregation at La Pointe grew, and also included many early European immigrants, primarily French Fur Traders. In 1838, Fr. Baraga built a larger church at La Pointe, on the spot of the present-day location of \"St. Joseph's Catholic Church\". The first Bishop to serve the Diocese of Superior was Augustine Francis Schinner, who was consecrated as Bishop on July 25, 1905. Bishop Schinner faced many challenges, as", "id": "9474219" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\ncreated diocese. He was ordained a bishop on July 25, 1905. Traveling by train with an entourage of over 60 priests from Milwaukee, he arrived at Ashland, Wisconsin, traveled to the Apostle Islands on a short boat tour, and then continued on to Superior. There were 39 diocesan priests, 17 religious order priests serving 38,861 Catholics in 43 parishes with resident pastors, and 50 missions and 33 stations. For Catholic schools, there was 1 high school, 16 elementary and 2 boarding schools with a total enrollment of", "id": "5250914" }, { "contents": "Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway\n\n\nthe Mississippi River, it lies within parts of eight counties in Wisconsin: Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Pierce, Polk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn; and three in Minnesota: Chisago, Pine, and Washington. The upper St. Croix is a nationally renowned smallmouth bass fishery. Other fish species present in the riverway include walleye, northern pike, sturgeon, muskellunge, and catfish. The Namekagon River upstream of Hayward, Wisconsin is well known for its brown and brook trout fishing. Besides fishing, the riverway", "id": "10086875" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento\n\n\nmother church of the diocese, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament. Originally a major part of the defunct Grass Valley Diocese (which included several counties in northern California and Nevada), the present-day diocese was established by Pope Leo XIII on May 28, 1886. Today, the See of Sacramento remains a ceremonial suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the Dioceses of Honolulu, Las Vegas, Oakland, Reno, Salt Lake City, San Jose, Santa Rosa and Stockton", "id": "4599392" }, { "contents": "Saint Raphael's Cathedral (Madison, Wisconsin)\n\n\nthe state capitol. In 1853, Father Francis Etchmann began constructing the most recent church building. The cornerstone was laid on May 28, 1854 by Bishop John Henni of the Diocese of Milwaukee. He dedicated the new building because the parish was under his jurisdiction at the time. The spire and bells were added in 1885. On January 9, 1946, Pope Pius XII created the Diocese of Madison for an 11-county area in the southwestern part of the state. Territory was taken from the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and the Diocese of", "id": "1920566" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst in Australia\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst (in Australia) is a Latin Church suffragan diocese of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1865, covering the Central West and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia. The Cathedral of St Michael and St John the Baptist is the episcopal see of the Bishop of Bathurst, presently Michael McKenna. The Diocese of Bathurst was erected by Pope Pius IX on 20 June 1865. Prior to this date, the area was considered within the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Sydney, its present", "id": "21254493" }, { "contents": "Joseph Maria Koudelka\n\n\n29, 1907, Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland and he was ordained on February 25, 1908 with a special ministry to the Slavic community. On June 24, 1911 Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. He was ordained as the first auxiliary bishop of Milwaukee on September 4, 1911. On August 6, 1913, Pope Pius X appointed Koudelka the second bishop of the Diocese of Superior. He was installed at the pro-cathedral of Sacred Heart in", "id": "18330746" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nThe Archdiocese of Milwaukee () is a Roman Catholic archdiocese headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the United States. It encompasses the City of Milwaukee, as well as the counties of Dodge, Fond du Lac, Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Walworth, Washington and Waukesha, all located in Wisconsin. The Archdiocese of Milwaukee is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milwaukee, which includes the suffragan dioceses of Green Bay, La Crosse, Madison, and Superior. , Jerome Edward Listecki is the Archbishop", "id": "9546478" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering nineteen counties in northwestern Ohio. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The See city for the diocese is Toledo. The eighth and current Bishop of Toledo is Daniel Edward Thomas. Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Pius X erected the diocese April 15, 1910, in territory taken from the Diocese of Cleveland. The arms of the See of Toledo are based upon", "id": "6750935" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin's 7th congressional district\n\n\nWisconsin's 7th congressional district is a congressional district of the United States House of Representatives in northwestern and central Wisconsin; it is the largest congressional district in the state geographically, covering 20 counties (in whole or part), for a total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, St. Croix, Chippewa (partial), Clark, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Jackson (partial), Juneau (partial), Langlade, Lincoln, Marathon,", "id": "8780919" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez () is located in the northern Mexican city of the same name, across the Río Grande from El Paso, Texas. It is part of the ecclesiastical province of Chihuahua and is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Chihuahua . The Diocese of Ciudad Juárez was erected by Pope Pius XII on 10 April 1957 from the Diocese of Chihuahua because of the population growth in the northern part of the state of Chihuahua. Pope Pius named Manuel Talamás Camandari as the first bishop, and by 1966", "id": "13992785" }, { "contents": "Superior, Wisconsin\n\n\nSuperior come from the Duluth market: Superior is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Francis Xavier Catholic Church, located in the East End of Superior, has been noted for its architecture. Christ Evangelical Lutheran Church is the only congregation of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod located in Superior. It recently moved from its original location on Belknap Street to a new campus on North 28th Street. Pilgrim Lutheran Church is located", "id": "4103054" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi (\"Dioecesis Uromiensis\") in Uromi, Edo State, Nigeria was created on December 14, 2005, when it was split off from the Archdiocese of Benin City. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Benin City. Its first bishop was Augustine Obiora Akubeze (who was named Archbishop of Benin City in March 2011). The St Anthony of Padua church in Uromi was selected to be its cathedral. The canonical erection of the diocese and the episcopal ordination of the bishop took", "id": "2286692" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the northwestern United States, comprising the northern regions of the state of Alaska. It is led by a bishop who serves as pastor of the mother church, Sacred Heart Cathedral in the City of Fairbanks. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Anchorage. The See of Fairbanks was established from the Prefecture Apostolic of Alaska on July 27, 1894, which was created from the Diocese of Vancouver Island. It was", "id": "7747608" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough () is a suffragan Latin diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kingston, Ontario that includes part of the federal Province of Ontario in inland Canada. Its episcopal see is the Cathedral of Saint Peter-in-Chains in Peterborough, Ontario. On March 10, 2017, the Pope named former Hamilton Auxiliary Bishop Daniel J. Miehm as the new Bishop of Peterborough. Established on 25 January 1874 as Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Canada, on territory split off from the Diocese of Kingston", "id": "5387249" }, { "contents": "Catholic Diocese of Guiratinga\n\n\nThe Diocese of Guiratinga (Dioecesis Guiratingensis) was a former ecclesiastical circumscription of the Catholic Church in Brazil, belonging to the Ecclesiastical Province of Cuiabá and the West II Regional Bishops' Council of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil, being a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cuiabá. The episcopal see is the Cathedral St. John the Baptist in the city of Guiratinga in the state of Mato Grosso. The Prelature Registry Araguaia (Territorialis Praelatura Registrensis or Territorialis Praelatura registration Araguaia) was erected on May 12, 1914 by Pope Pius X", "id": "4926427" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America encompassing the northwestern third of Wisconsin. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). The faith community comprises 20 interdependent congregations, mostly small and rural. The see and diocesan offices are in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, with Christ Church Cathedral as the mother church. Christ Church in La Crosse is the largest church in the diocese. The roots of the Diocese of Eau Claire begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians", "id": "2071071" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Motherwell\n\n\nCumbernauld and the area of Auchinloch) and South Lanarkshire. The diocese, along with the Diocese of Paisley, was erected as a Suffragan See by the Apostolic Constitution \"Maxime interest\" on 25 May 1947. The new See took part of the Archdiocese of Glasgow (becoming its Suffragan See) and part of the Diocese of Galloway. At present the diocese is vacant. The most recent Bishop of Motherwell was the Right Reverend Joseph Devine, whose resignation was accepted by Pope Francis on 30 May 2013. On Tuesday 29 April", "id": "3729293" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 28\n\n\nBayfield), Pepin, Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix Counties. The first Senator from the 28th was William Wilson of Menomonie, who served in the 1857 session (the tenth session of the Wisconsin Legislature). The district has also been represented by: As of the redistricting of 1861, the 28th now consisted of Ashland, Burnett, Dallas (later renamed Barron), Douglas, La Pointe (later renamed Bayfield), Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix counties (it was not changed in the redistricting of", "id": "2063122" }, { "contents": "List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Northern Ireland\n\n\nIn the Roman Catholic Church, the entirety of Northern Ireland is comprehended by the ecclesiastical province of Armagh. The eponymous archdiocese and five of its suffragan dioceses cover the area of Northern Ireland. The diocesan and archdiocesan boundaries are not coterminous with the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Only two dioceses are entirely contained within Northern Ireland: Down and Connor and the Diocese of Dromore. Three dioceses and the Archdiocese of Armagh straddle the border. The Archdiocese and its suffragans are all part of the Episcopal conference of Ireland", "id": "14015256" }, { "contents": "Anglican Bishop of Nottingham\n\n\nThe Anglican Bishop of Nottingham was an episcopal title used by a Church of England suffragan bishop. The title took its name after the county town of Nottingham and was first created under the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534. Until 1837, Nottingham had been part of the Diocese of York, when it then became part of the Diocese of Lincoln. With the creation of the Diocese of Southwell in 1884, Nottingham became part of that diocese, but the then- (and final) bishop remained suffragan to Lincoln. Since 2005, Nottingham gives", "id": "20176138" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell () is an ecclesiastical diocese of the Catholic Church in Scotland. The diocese, which was erected on 25 May 1947 by Pope Pius XII from the Archdiocese of Glasgow, along with the Diocese of Paisley which was erected on the same day, remains one of two suffragan sees under the Archdiocese. On Tuesday 29 April 2014 - the Feast of St Catherine of Siena - Pope Francis appointed Joseph Toal as the fifth Bishop of Motherwell. In 2004, the Catholic population, proportionately the largest in", "id": "16456386" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nnative people, and baptized over 1,000 converts. During this time, the region was being overseen by French Catholic leaders in Quebec, which became a diocese in 1674, encompassing all of North America east of the Mississippi River. In 1791, the region was transferred to the Diocese of Baltimore, which was the first Catholic diocese created in the then-newly formed United States. In 1843, the Diocese of Milwaukee was established, and consisted of the entire state of Wisconsin. Northern Wisconsin remained within the Diocese of Milwaukee,", "id": "9474217" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nEpiscopal Diocese of Milwaukee, originally the Diocese of Wisconsin is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America located in the southern area of Wisconsin. It is in Province V (for the Midwest region). The Rt. Reverend Steven Miller is the bishop. The see city is Milwaukee. Cathedral Church of All Saints, Milwaukee is the mother church. The diocese was formed after Jackson Kemper was named the Episcopal Church's first missionary bishop and oversaw the church's mission to the Northwest Territories from 1835 to", "id": "2071175" }, { "contents": "Joseph G. Pinten\n\n\nvicar general, in 1919 purchased dormitory property of Northern Normal College and donated it to the diocese to use as a church with conditions that it be named after Saint Michael and that the new parish build a school. On November 30, 1921, Pope Benedict XV appointed Pinten the third bishop of the Superior Diocese. He was ordained bishop on May 3, 1922 at St. Peter Cathedral with Archbishop Sebastian Messmer of Milwaukee presiding. The next day an enthronement ceremony was held a Sacred Heart pro-cathedral in Superior. After his", "id": "18330981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kansas City–Saint Joseph\n\n\nXIII established the Diocese of Kansas City, with territories taken from the Archdiocese of St. Louis. Its first bishop was John Joseph Hogan. On July 2, 1956, the diocese incorporated part of the territory of the Diocese of Saint Joseph, which had been established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868. On the same date in 1956 part of the Diocese of Kansas City's territory went to establish the Diocese of Jefferson City and the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau. The diocese received its present name and boundaries", "id": "13839607" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Kerry\n\n\nThe Bishop of Kerry is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kerry, one of the suffragan dioceses of the Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly in Ireland. The Episcopal see changed its name from Ardfert and Aghadoe to Kerry on 20 December 1952. The bishop's seat (Cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church Saint Mary, Killarney. The current bishop is the Most Reverend Raymond Browne who was appointed Bishop of Kerry by Pope Francis on 2 May 2013 and received episcopal consecration at St Mary's Cathedral, Killarney on 21", "id": "20835420" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle\n\n\nas a result by 1850 the Diocese of Walla Walla was abandoned and its merged-in territory administered from Oregon City. On May 31, 1850, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese, with Augustin Blanchet as bishop. In January 1851, Augustin Blanchet dedicated St. James Church near Fort Vancouver as the new diocese's cathedral. A new St. James Cathedral was built in Vancouver, Washington in 1885. In 1903 Bishop Edward O'Dea, realizing that Vancouver was no longer the economic and", "id": "6861805" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nthe head of the new diocese, including the need to recruit priests to serve the growing number of parishes throughout the diocese. By the time Bishop Schinner resigned as the bishop of Superior in 1913, he saw the pool of priests grow from 39 diocesan priests in 1905 to 62 in 1913. Today, there are now 105 parishes within the Diocese of Superior. The following is a list of the Roman Catholic Bishops of the Diocese of Superior and their years of service: The Diocese of Superior has a membership of 73,638 Catholics", "id": "9474220" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Northern California. The diocese comprises Alameda and Contra Costa Counties in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Cathedral of Christ the Light serves as the bishop's seat, replacing the Cathedral of Saint Francis de Sales which was demolished after the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989. Once a part of the Archdiocese of San Francisco, the Diocese of Oakland remains a suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the", "id": "4599275" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\ndioceses which did not formally claim any continuity with the pre-Elizabethan English dioceses were created. The Vicariate Apostolic of the Northern District was duly elevated to diocese status as the Diocese of Hexham. On 23 May 1861 the diocese became the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, it was assigned to the newly created Province of Liverpool. The present diocese covers an area of 7,700 km²", "id": "3501975" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\n1859. He became provisional bishop of Wisconsin from 1847 to 1854 and first bishop of the Diocese of Wisconsin from 1854 to 1870. In 1875, the Diocese of Fond du Lac was created to serve the northeastern 26 counties of the state. The Diocese of Eau Claire, was carved out of the diocese in 1928 for the counties in the northwestern part of Wisconsin. The Diocese of Wisconsin became the Diocese of Milwaukee in 1886. Over the last few years the membership has declined from 15,000 to 11,000. Nashotah House, in", "id": "2071176" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson\n\n\nThe Diocese of Paterson is a diocese of the Roman Rite of the Latin Catholic Church in the United States, which includes three counties in northern New Jersey: Passaic, Morris, and Sussex. The city of Paterson, third-largest in the state of New Jersey, was chosen as the episcopal see, even though the vast majority of diocesan territory lies west of the city. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Newark, and is part of Region III of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. The", "id": "14672461" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay () was established on March 3, 1868, by Pope Pius IX. It covers the city of Green Bay, as well as Brown, Calumet, Door, Florence, Forest, Kewaunee, Langlade, Manitowoc, Marinette, Menominee, Oconto, Outagamie, Shawano, Waupaca, Waushara and Winnebago counties in Wisconsin. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The earliest trace of the Catholic faith in the Green Bay area was in 1634. Jesuits followed Jean Nicolet to", "id": "9417148" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering the parishes of northern Louisiana, and a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. Its bishop is part of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and belongs to Conference Region V (which includes Alabama, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee). Its mother church is the Cathedral of Saint John Berchmans, in Shreveport. The Diocese of Shreveport was canonically erected on June 16, 1986 when Pope John Paul II split the former Diocese of", "id": "18926928" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids () is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in western Michigan, in the United States. It comprises 102 churches in 11 counties in West Michigan. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Detroit. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of Saint Andrew. On April 18, 2013, Pope Francis accepted Bishop Walter A. Hurley's resignation and appointed the Rev. David J. Walkowiak to be the twelfth Bishop of Grand Rapids. The diocese was created from territory taken from", "id": "221824" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Suacia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Svač (, , ) was a bishopric with see in the town of Svač (Latinized as Suacia), which is today the village lying to the east of Ulcinj in Montenegro that is called in Serbian Шас, in Croat Šas and in Albanian Shas. The area was part of the late Roman province of Dalmatia Superior, and the Catholic Church, which includes the diocese in its list of Latin titular sees, accordingly treats it as a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Doclea. The diocese of Svač (", "id": "4011385" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck () is a Roman Catholic diocese in North Dakota. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop David Kagan. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Bismarck. The Cathedral parish of the diocese is Cathedral of the Holy Spirit. On December 31, 1909 Saint Pius X established the Diocese of Bismarck. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Fargo. The list of bishops of the diocese and their terms of service", "id": "18993019" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fiesole\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fiesole () is a Roman Catholic diocese in Tuscany, central Italy, whose episcopal see is the city of Fiesole. Fiesole was directly subject to the pope until 1420, when the archdiocese of Florence was created and Fiesole was made one of its suffragan bishops. It is still a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Florence. According to local legend the Gospel was first preached at Fiesole by Messius Romulus, said to have been a disciple of St. Peter. Documentary evidence, however, is from the 9th and", "id": "3288239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangalore\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Bangalore () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in India. It was erected as the Diocese of Bangalore on 13 February 1940 by Pope Pius XII, and elevated to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese on 19 September 1953, with the suffragan sees of Belgaum, Bellary, Chikmagalur, Gulbarga, Karwar, Mangalore, Udupi, Mysore, and Shimoga. The archdiocese's mother church and thus seat of its archbishop is the St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral; Bangalore also houses", "id": "9571833" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City () is a Roman Catholic diocese in western South Dakota, United States. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Robert Dwayne Gruss. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Rapid City. The Cathedral parish is the Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. On August 6, 1902 Saint Pius X established the diocese as the Diocese of Lead. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Sioux Falls. The", "id": "18993239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong is a suffragan Latin Rite diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1951, covering the Illawarra and Southern Highlands regions of New South Wales, Australia. St Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Wollongong is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Wollongong, currently Brian Mascord. On 15 November 1951, Pope Pius XII announced that a new diocese would be created from the two archdioceses of Sydney and Canberra & Goulburn. To be named Wollongong, the diocese was officially established on 11 February 1952.", "id": "21254634" }, { "contents": "Cathedral of Christ the King (Superior, Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Cathedral of Christ the King is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior in Superior, Wisconsin. It was named in honor of Christ the King. The building is located at 1111 Belknap Street in Superior. When the Diocese of Superior was established in 1905 Sacred Heart church, which had been established in the 1880s, was designated the pro-cathedral. Sacred Heart continued in this function until 1926. The cathedral construction project was announced in February 1926 and the groundbreaking occurred on June 23, 1926. Bishop", "id": "2884619" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nsuffragan sees were erected in Indiana and Illinois. In 1843 the Illinois portion of the diocese became the Diocese of Chicago. On 8 January 1857 the northern half of Indiana comprised the Diocese of Fort Wayne. On 28 March 1898 the episcopal diocese was transferred from Vincennes to Indianapolis, and the Diocese of Vincennes became the Diocese of Indianapolis. In 1944 Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese and founded two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The city of Vincennes, the former", "id": "4928244" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary () is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States of America. It was founded on December 17, 1956, by Pope Pius XII. It is one of four suffragan dioceses of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Its ecclesiastic territory includes Lake, Porter, LaPorte, and Starke counties in northwestern Indiana. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of the Holy Angels in Gary, Indiana. During the first half of the 20th century, many Catholic immigrants", "id": "17635414" }, { "contents": "Red Cedar River (Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Red Cedar River in northwestern Wisconsin is a tributary of the Chippewa River. According to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the river flows approximately 100 miles from southwestern Sawyer County to its confluence with the Chippewa southeast of Dunnville in southern Dunn County. It drains portions of eight Wisconsin counties: Barron, Chippewa, Dunn, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn. Important tributaries include the Chetek River and the Hay River. Important settlements along the river's course include Cameron, Rice Lake, Colfax,", "id": "2013455" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\n, he chose Indianapolis, the state capital of Indiana and the largest city in the diocese, as the new seat of the episcopal see. Between 1837 and 1882 seventy-five priests were ordained at St. Francis Xavier, including Michael E. Shawe, the first priest ordained in Indiana. In 1898 the episcopal see was moved to Indianapolis and it became the Diocese of Indianapolis. Bishop Chatard was its first bishop. St. Francis Xavier remained under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Indianapolis from 1898 to 1944, when Pope Pius XII elevated", "id": "1660117" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln () is a Catholic diocese in Nebraska, United States, and comprises the majority of the eastern and central portions of the state south of the Platte River. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Omaha. The episcopal see is in Lincoln, Nebraska. Bishop James D. Conley is the current ordinary of the Diocese. The Cathedral of the Risen Christ is the cathedral parish of the diocese. The diocese was established on August 2, 1887, by Pope Leo XIII from the territory", "id": "18992119" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná () is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Concordia and Gualeguaychú. On 13 June 1859, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of Paraná from the Diocese of Buenos Aires. It lost territory to the Diocese of Santa Fe when it was created in 1897 and the Diocese of Corrientes in 1910. The Diocese of Paraná was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope Pius XI on 20 April 1934. It lost territory two more times when the dioceses of Gualeguaychú (1957) and Concordia (1961", "id": "14584212" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nDiocese of Indianapolis. Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese in 1944, and erected two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The Diocese of Gary, Indiana, was erected in 1956. The Evansville Diocese absorbed the city of Vincennes upon its creation. The first four Bishops of Vincennes resided at the seat of the episcopal diocese in Vincennes. Their remains are buried in the crypt of St. Francis Xavier Basilica, Vincennes. Bishop Chatard, who resided in Indianapolis and also served", "id": "4928227" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kumba\n\n\nThe Diocese of Kumba (Latin: \"Diocesis Kumbana;\" French: \"Diocèse de Kumba\") is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the African country of Cameroon. Headquartered in Kumba, the diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart and its bishop is Agapitus Enuyehnyoh Nfon. The diocese was created on 15 March 2016 by Pope Francis from territory in the Diocese of Buéa, and it is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Bamenda. On 15 March 2016, Pope Francis established the Diocese of Kumba", "id": "4860060" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grass Valley\n\n\nThe Diocese of Grass Valley () now a titular see, was formerly a residential diocese of the Catholic Church located in northeastern California, United States. The diocese also included most of Nevada, and, early in its history, Utah and part of Colorado. The particular church that became the Diocese of Grass Valley was erected in by Pope Pius IX in 1860 as the Vicariate Apostolic of Marysville from territory formerly belonging to the Archdiocese of San Francisco, of which it was a suffragan see. In 1868, the see city", "id": "1681182" }, { "contents": "James Patrick Powers\n\n\nJames Patrick Powers (born February 6, 1953) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church and the eleventh bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin. Powers was born in Baldwin, Wisconsin on February 6, 1953. He graduated from St. Croix Central High School, in Hammond, Wisconsin, and from Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Powers was ordained a priest of the Superior Diocese on May 20, 1990. He served as administrator of the diocese from December 2014 to February 2016,", "id": "11695981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Teggiano-Policastro\n\n\nThe Italian Latin Catholic Diocese of (Diano-)Teggiano-Policastro (), in Campania, has existed since 1850, under its present name since 1986. In that year the Diocese of Diano-Teggiano was united with the diocese of Policastro. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno. Its cathedral episcopal see is the Marian Cattedrale di S. Maria Maggiore e S. Michele Arcangelo, in Teggiano. The current bishop is Antonio De Luca. On 29 September 1850, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of", "id": "18017079" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth is a Latin Church Roman Catholic diocese in England. The episcopal see is in the city of Plymouth, Devon, where the bishop's seat (cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church of St Mary and St Boniface. Erected as the Diocese of Plymouth in 1850 by Pope Pius IX, from the Apostolic Vicariate of the Western District, the diocese has remained jurisdictionally constant since. Since 1965, the diocese has been a suffragan see of the Ecclesiastical Province of Southwark; before then, from", "id": "8307114" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson (, ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the southwestern region of the United States. It is a suffragan see of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santa Fe. The diocese was recently led by its seventh bishop, Most Reverend Gerald Frederick Kicanas, who retired on October 3, 2017. The See city for the diocese is Tucson, Arizona, and its cathedral parish is the St. Augustine. Another church of special interest is the Mission San Xavier del Bac, also", "id": "7747261" }, { "contents": "Diocese of Rochester\n\n\n) were added to Rochester, while all West Kent parishes except those in the Rochester Deanery were transferred to the Diocese of Canterbury. In May 1877, Essex and Hertfordshire became part of the newly created Diocese of St Albans. On 1 August 1877, the Diocese of Rochester gained some northern parts of Surrey from the Diocese of Winchester which were later transferred to the Diocese of Southwark at its creation in 1905. The present diocesan bishop, the Bishop of Rochester, is James Langstaff. The diocese also has a suffragan bishop:", "id": "3447784" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the Ecclesiastical Province of Cincinnati covering 23 counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The episcopal see of the diocese is situated at Columbus. The diocese was erected on March 3, 1868 by Pope Pius IX out of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. On October 21, 1944 the diocese lost territory when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Steubenville. The Catholic faith was brought in the area by the Dominican Order in Somerset. They established St. Joseph's Parish", "id": "6750859" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral (Alexandria, Louisiana)\n\n\n, and the clock was installed in 1908. Because of the newly constructed church and Alexandria's central location, Bishop Cornelius Van de Ven petitioned the Roman Curia to transfer the seat of the diocese from Natchitoches to Alexandria. Pope Pius X created the suffragan Diocese of Alexandria on . St. Francis Xavier Church was elevated to the rank of cathedral of the newly created diocese. The current bishop of Alexandria is Sede Vacante, and the rector of the cathedral is Father James A. Ferguson. The cathedral's rose windows are the largest in", "id": "16556508" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of Ohio. Pope Pius IX erected the diocese April 23, 1847, in territory taken from the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The diocese lost territory in 1910 when Pope Pius X erected the Diocese of Toledo, and in 1943 when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Youngstown. It is currently the 17th-largest diocese in the United States by population, encompassing the counties of Ashland, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Medina,", "id": "6750690" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pavia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Pavia () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It has been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan only since 1817. Previous to the reorganization of the hierarchy in northern Italy by Pope Pius VII after the expulsion of the French and the Congress of Vienna, the diocese of Pavia had depended directly upon the Holy See, despite repeated failed attempts on the part of the Archbishops of Milan to claim control. The diocese has produced one Pope and Patriarch of Venice, and three cardinals. The", "id": "9177548" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza () is an archdiocese located in the city of Fortaleza in Brazil. On June 6, 1854, it was established by Pope Pius IX, as the Diocese of Ceará from the Diocese of Olinda. Formerly a part of the Diocese of Pernambuco, the district was erected into a separate diocese, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Bahia. João Guerino Gomes was named as first bishop but did not accept the appointment. Father Gomes, who was famous in his day both as an orator and as", "id": "5595432" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lansing\n\n\nThe Catholic Diocese of Lansing () is located in Lansing, Michigan. It encompasses an area of including the counties of Clinton, Eaton, Genesee, Hillsdale, Ingham, Jackson, Lenawee, Livingston, Shiawassee and Washtenaw. It is a suffragan diocese of the ecclesiastical province of Detroit. Pope Pius XI created the Diocese of Lansing May 22, 1937 by taking territory from the Archdiocese of Detroit. In July 1971, Pope Paul VI separated territory from the Lansing Diocese and territory from the Diocese of Grand Rapids to form the", "id": "4281991" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza () is in Argentina and is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Neuquén and San Rafael. On 20 April 1934, Pope Pius XI established the Diocese of Mendoza from the Diocese of San Juan de Cuyo. It lost territory to the Diocese of San Rafael when it was created in 1961. At the same time, the Diocese of Mendoza was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope John XXIII on 10 April 1961./small On 5 May 2017, Kosaka Kumiko, a Japanese-Argentinian nun,", "id": "15288343" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City () is the Roman Catholic diocese for the northwestern quarter of the US state of Iowa. The diocese comprises 24 counties in northwestern Iowa, and it covers an area of . The See city for the diocese is Sioux City. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The cathedral parish for this diocese is the Epiphany. R. Walker Nickless was ordained as bishop of Sioux City on 20 January 2006. On 24 July, 1900, Pope Leo XIII issued a papal bull", "id": "394842" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis\n\n\nlater period the church first came into the area with the arrival of missionaries and European settlers. The original see was canonically erected by Pope Pius IX on July 19, 1850 as the Diocese of Saint Paul of Minnesota, a suffragan episcopal see of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis. The Diocese's territory was taken from that of Dubuque, and its authority spread over all of Minnesota Territory, which consisted of the area which now composes the states of Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota and also comprises the modern archdiocese's ecclesiastical", "id": "7457113" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Sherborne\n\n\nThe Bishop of Sherborne is an episcopal title which takes its name from the market town of Sherborne in Dorset, England. The see of Sherborne was established in around 705 by St Aldhelm, the Abbot of Malmesbury. This see was the mother diocese of the greater part of southwestern England in Saxon times, but after the Norman Conquest was incorporated into the new Diocese of Salisbury. The title Bishop of Sherborne is now used by the Church of England for a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Salisbury. In 1925, the title", "id": "4184192" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\nthe episcopal see to the Archdiocese of Indianapolis and established two new suffragan diocese in Indiana: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. On 14 March 1970 Pope Paul VI raised the status of St. Francis Xavier Cathedral to a basilica. The present Greek Revival-style basilica dates from 1826, making it the oldest Catholic church in Indiana. It was built on or near the site of two earlier churches. The first chapel, a crude structure measuring 22 feet by 66 feet, with log posts, mud daub,", "id": "1660118" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Caserta\n\n\nThe Diocese of Caserta () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Campania, southern Italy. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Naples. In 1818 Pope Pius VII united this see with the diocese of Caiazzo, but Pope Pius IX made them separate sees. In 2013 in the diocese of Caserta there was one priest for every 1,703 Catholics. It is not known when Caserta became an episcopal see. The first-known bishop was Ranulfo whose election in 1113 was confirmed by Senne, Archbishop of Capua. \"Erected", "id": "16395150" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia\n\n\nThe Italian Catholic Diocese of Pescia () is in Tuscany. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Pisa. In 1519 Pope Leo X withdrew Pescia from the archdiocese of Lucca, raising it to the dignity of a prelacy nullius; and in 1726 it was made a diocese, suffragan of Pisa. Its first bishop was Bartolommeo Pucci (1728). Others were Francesco Vicenti (1773–1801), and Giulio Serafini. On 25 November 2015, Pope Francis appointed as the new Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia,", "id": "15933634" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur\n\n\nLumpur was dedicated to St John the evangelist in 1883, and would be later known as St. John's Cathedral, the Mother Church of Kuala Lumpur. In 1955, the Diocese of Malacca became a Metropolitan Archdiocese, with the newly formed Diocese of Penang and Diocese of Kuala Lumpur as its suffragan sees. Bishop Dominic Vendargon was appointed as the first Bishop of Kuala Lumpur, and was ordained in the same year. In 1972, the Diocese of Kuala Lumpur was elevated into an Archdiocese, with the suffragan dioceses of Penang and", "id": "14666462" }, { "contents": "WESTconsin Credit Union\n\n\nanyone who lives or works in the Wisconsin counties of Barron, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Dunn, Eau Claire, Jackson, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau or Washburn, or the Minnesota counties of Anoka, Chisago, Dakota, Goodhue, Isanti, Ramsey, Wabasha, and Washington with a $5 deposit in a membership share (savings) account. Presently, \"WEST\"consin Credit Union has five fully operational high school offices that are located in Amery,", "id": "1182556" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zamboanga\n\n\nthe future city of Zamboanga. On January 20, 1933, Pope Pius XI divided Mindanao into two areas. Southern Mindanao including the Sulu Archipelago became under the jurisdiction of Zamboanga. Northern Mindanao became under the Diocese of Cagayan de Oro. In 1951 Cagayan de Oro became an archdiocese, the first in the island of Mindanao. All episcopal jurisdictions in Mindanao and Sulu, including Zamboanga, became suffragans of this archdiocese. The Diocese of Zamboanga was further divided when the Prelature Nullius of Davao was established and separated in 1949; the", "id": "18254813" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiavari\n\n\nThe Diocese of Chiavari () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Liguria, northern Italy. It was created on 3 December 1892 by Pope Leo XIII in the Bull \"Romani Pontifices\". It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Genoa. Chiavari became an episcopal see in 1892, but until 1896 it was administered by Tommaso Reggio, the Archbishop of Genoa, to which diocese it originally belonged, through his Auxiliary Bishop and Vicar General, Fortunato Vinelli, titular bishop of Epiphania (Cilicia, Ottoman Empire). The", "id": "15328930" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of El Paso\n\n\nwest Texas were served by travelling priests in car and horseback. After Pinto's efforts, Catholic parishes began to flourish in El Paso. On 3 March 1914, Pope Pius X established the Diocese of El Paso as a suffragan see of Santa Fe. The diocese covered nearly in West Texas and southern New Mexico and was created from parts of the dioceses of Dallas, San Antonio and Tucson. Jesuit priest Father John J. Brown was appointed bishop of the newly created diocese on 22 January 1915 but resigned before his scheduled consecration.", "id": "18993686" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai (; ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Municipality of Shanghai, China. It was erected on December 13, 1933 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Shanghai by Pope Pius XI, and was later elevated to the rank of a diocese on April 11, 1946 by Pope Pius XII. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Nanking. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is St. Ignatius Cathedral; it also houses a minor basilica in Sheshan", "id": "15983488" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta is a suffragan Latin Church diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1986. The Diocese of Parramatta is an organisation of the Roman Catholic Church, with responsibility for the western suburbs of Sydney and the Blue Mountains, in New South Wales, Australia. St Patrick's Cathedral, Parramatta, is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Parramatta. On 5 May 2016, Pope Francis appointed Vincent Long Van Nguyen OFM Conv to be its fourth bishop. His installation took place on 16 June 2016", "id": "21254601" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Utah\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Utah is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States, encompassing the state of Utah, less that part of the Four Corners region which is in the Navajoland Area Mission. It includes a small part of northern Arizona. In 1867, the Episcopal Church was the first Protestant church organized in Utah. The diocesan offices and cathedral, St. Mark's Cathedral, are in Salt Lake City. The current bishop is Scott B. Hayashi, whose consecration took place on November 6, 2010 and was installed", "id": "17667064" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton is a suffragan see of Archdiocese of Philadelphia, established on March 3, 1868. The seat of the bishop is St. Peter's Cathedral in Scranton, PA. Other cities in the diocese are Wilkes-Barre, Williamsport, Hazleton, Nanticoke, Carbondale, and Pittston. The diocese comprises Lackawanna, Luzerne, Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne, Tioga, Sullivan, Wyoming, Lycoming, Pike, and Monroe counties, all in the northeastern part of Pennsylvania. The area of the diocese is .", "id": "10915059" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the United States. It comprises the territory of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agaña. The diocese was canonically erected on 8 November 1984 by Pope John Paul II. Its territories were taken from the archdiocese based in Guam. The Diocese of Chalan Kanoa is led by a prelate bishop who pastors the mother church, the Our Lady of Mount Carmel Cathedral on Saipan.", "id": "5619001" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Mantua\n\n\nThe Diocese of Mantua () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It was erected in 804, and is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan. The diocese has produced one Pope and (Latin) Patriarch of Constantinople, and two cardinals. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is the Cathedral of S. Pietro Apostolo; Mantua also contains the Basilica of Sant'Andrea. The last Bishop of Mantua iss Gianmarco Busca, appointed by Pope Francis on June 3, 2016. The bishops emeriti are Egidio", "id": "9176744" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kota Kinabalu\n\n\nafter its see. On 31 May 1976 the vicariate was elevated to a full Diocese of Kota Kinabalu, suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kuching. The diocese lost territories twice, to create its present suffragans : On 23 May 2008, the diocese was elevated to Metropolitan Archdiocese, whose ecclesiastical province comprises the above suffragan dioceses, both formerly part of the original territory of the diocese of Kota Kinabalu: the Diocese of Keningau and the Diocese of Sandakan. On 21 June 2010, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Rev.", "id": "11660795" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\nthe diocese in 1850, Pius IX appointed Bishop William Hogarth, Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District, to be the first bishop of the diocese. The Parish Church of Saint Mary, Newcastle upon Tyne, designed by Augustus Welby Pugin, was selected as the seat for the new bishop, gaining cathedral status. In 1924, Pope Pius XI withdrew the old counties of Cumberland and Westmorland to incorporate them into a newly created Diocese of Lancaster. For this reason, the Lancaster diocese still considers St Cuthbert as one of its principal", "id": "6620884" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nof the Diocese of Wisconsin. In 1870, Fond du Lac was the second largest city in Wisconsin. The remaining counties continued as the Diocese of Wisconsin until 1888, when it was renamed the Diocese of Milwaukee. In 1875, after three elections, John Henry Hobart Brown accepted election as first bishop and was consecrated December 15, 1875 at St. John's Episcopal Church, Cohoes, New York. Brown declared the city of Fond du Lac and St. Paul's Church as the episcopal See. The other viable location was Christ", "id": "2071144" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fond du Lac is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, encompassing the northeastern third of Wisconsin. The diocese contains about 5,700 baptized members worshipping in 37 locations. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). Diocesan offices are in Appleton, Wisconsin. The Diocesan Archives are maintained in Grafton Hall behind the Cathedral in Fond du Lac. Matthew Gunter is its bishop. The roots of the Diocese of Fond du Lac begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians, removing from", "id": "2071141" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spiš\n\n\nThe Diocese of Spiš (, ) is a Roman Catholic diocese in northern Slovakia. It covers central and eastern parts of the Žilina Region and western part of the Prešov Region. Its seat is in Spišská Kapitula; the diocese covers an area of 7,802 km² with 583,633 people of which 76.6% are of Catholic faith (2004). The current bishop is Štefan Sečka. The diocese was established on 13 March 1776 as a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Esztergom. In 1804, its metropolitan was changed to the Archdiocese of Eger", "id": "12385676" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Salford\n\n\n-Elizabethan English dioceses of which one of these was the diocese of Salford and went on to take up the reins of part of the former Vicariate Apostolic of the Lancashire District. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but a further development was its assignment under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, to a newly created Province of Liverpool. At the diocese's creation the territory assigned to it was the hundreds of Salford and Blackburn. The diocese currently covers an", "id": "3729210" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering twenty-eight counties in Kansas. Pope Pius XII created the diocese on May 19, 1951. John B. Brungardt was appointed Bishop of Dodge City in December 2010. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City encompasses 23,000-square-miles, and 50 parishes in 28 counties. It was established in 1951 from parts of the Diocese of Wichita, the Diocese of Leavenworth, and the Vicariate Apostolic of the Indian Territory established July 19, 1850. At that", "id": "17635532" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It comprises that part of South Dakota east of the Missouri River. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Paul J. Swain. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Sioux Falls. The cathedral parish is St. Joseph Cathedral. On August 12, 1879 Pope Leo XIII established the Vicariate Apostolic of Dakota from territory taken from the Diocese of", "id": "18993545" } ]

[ { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior () encompasses the city of Superior and the counties of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Lincoln, Oneida, Price, Polk, Rusk, Sawyer, St. Croix, Taylor, Vilas, and Washburn in northern Wisconsin, with an area of . Its episcopal see is Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is its mother church. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The diocese was established on May 3, 1905 by", "id": "9474213" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nPope Pius X. It was created from the northern part of the Diocese of La Crosse and the northwestern part of the Diocese of Green Bay, with Augustine Francis Schinner as the first bishop. Prior to the official founding of the diocese in 1905, there had already been a rich history of Catholicism in the region. Centuries earlier, Catholic missionaries had forged a dynamic presence throughout the Lake Superior region of Wisconsin. The early history of Catholicism in the state of Wisconsin started within the territory that the Diocese of Superior now encompasses,", "id": "9474214" }, { "contents": "List of museums in Wisconsin\n\n\nMarathon, Marquette, Menominee, Milwaukee, Oconto, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan Counties in the north central and northwest area: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Langlade, Lincoln, Oneida, Polk, Price, Rusk, Sawyer, Taylor, Vilas, Washburn South central and southwest area along the Mississippi and Chippewa rivers: Buffalo, Chippewa, Crawford, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Jackson, La Crosse, Pepin, Pierce, St. Croix, Trempealeau, Vernon South", "id": "7014980" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nserved for one year as pastor of St. Hubertus parish at Hubertus, Wisconsin. From 1887 to 1893 he was a member of the faculty of St. Francis Seminary. From 1893 to 1905, he served as chancellor and vicar general of the archdiocese of Milwaukee, appointed by Archbishop Frederick Katzer. The Diocese of Superior was established on May 3, 1905, formed from portions of the Diocese of Green Bay and the Diocese of La Crosse. On May 13, 1905, Pope Pius X appointed Schinner the first Bishop of the newly", "id": "5250913" }, { "contents": "United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin\n\n\nheld at Madison. The district comprises the following counties: Adams, Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Green, Iowa, Iron, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, La Crosse, Lafayette, Lincoln, Marathon, Monroe, Oneida, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Portage, Price, Richland, Rock, Rusk, Sauk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Vilas, Washburn and", "id": "19092884" }, { "contents": "2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin\n\n\na total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark (partial), Douglas, Iron, Langlade (partial), Lincoln, Marathon, Oneida, Polk, Portage, Price, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Washburn and Wood. The district is currently represented by Sean Duffy, a Republican. The PVI of the district is R+8. Duffy is running for reelection. The 8th congressional district includes Green Bay and Appleton. It", "id": "2566179" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nAugustine Francis Schinner (May 1, 1863 – February 7, 1937) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the first Bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin (1905-1913) and first Bishop of the Diocese of Spokane, Washington (1914-1925). Schinner was educated at St. Francis Seminary in Wisconsin, and was ordained to the priesthood on March 7, 1886, by Archbishop Michael Heiss of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee at the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist. He", "id": "5250912" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse\n\n\nthe Workman. The Diocese of La Crosse was established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868, from territory that was taken from what was then the Diocese of Milwaukee. It included the part of Wisconsin lying north and west of the Wisconsin River. Michael Heiss, then head of St. Francis Seminary, Milwaukee, was named the first bishop of the La Crosse episcopal see. On May 3, 1905, the territory of the Dioceses of La Crosse and Green Bay was brought together to form the Diocese of Superior,", "id": "6320305" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nuntil the formation of the Diocese of Lacrosse, and the Diocese of Green Bay, which then served the northern region. Finally, in 1905, the Diocese of Superior was created by Pope Pius X, encompassing 16 counties in northern Wisconsin. The oldest Catholic congregation in the state of Wisconsin (in continuous operation to the present-day) is within the Diocese of Superior. On July 27, 1836, Fr. Frederic Baraga arrived at La Pointe, and immediately set to work, building a log church. Fr.", "id": "9474218" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane\n\n\n, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese. The episcopal see was subsequently moved to Seattle, and the diocese was renamed the Diocese of Seattle in 1907. With a growing population in Spokane and other areas of Eastern Washington, church leadership in Seattle realized that a new diocese needed to be formed, and the Diocese of Spokane was canonically erected by Pope Pius X on December 17, 1913. The diocese's first bishop was Augustine Francis Schinner, the bishop emeritus of the Diocese of", "id": "6861839" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 25\n\n\nThe 25th District of the Wisconsin Senate is located in far north-western Wisconsin, and is currently composed of part or all of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Price, Sawyer, Vilas and Washburn counties. The district area is a mostly rural, and covers more land and more counties than any other district in Wisconsin. Janet Bewley is the senator serving the 25th district. She was elected to a four-year term in 2014. Before serving as a senator, she held an office", "id": "19471671" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nBaraga, like the Jesuit missionaries before him, had success evangelizing the native people. His congregation at La Pointe grew, and also included many early European immigrants, primarily French Fur Traders. In 1838, Fr. Baraga built a larger church at La Pointe, on the spot of the present-day location of \"St. Joseph's Catholic Church\". The first Bishop to serve the Diocese of Superior was Augustine Francis Schinner, who was consecrated as Bishop on July 25, 1905. Bishop Schinner faced many challenges, as", "id": "9474219" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\ncreated diocese. He was ordained a bishop on July 25, 1905. Traveling by train with an entourage of over 60 priests from Milwaukee, he arrived at Ashland, Wisconsin, traveled to the Apostle Islands on a short boat tour, and then continued on to Superior. There were 39 diocesan priests, 17 religious order priests serving 38,861 Catholics in 43 parishes with resident pastors, and 50 missions and 33 stations. For Catholic schools, there was 1 high school, 16 elementary and 2 boarding schools with a total enrollment of", "id": "5250914" }, { "contents": "Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway\n\n\nthe Mississippi River, it lies within parts of eight counties in Wisconsin: Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Pierce, Polk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn; and three in Minnesota: Chisago, Pine, and Washington. The upper St. Croix is a nationally renowned smallmouth bass fishery. Other fish species present in the riverway include walleye, northern pike, sturgeon, muskellunge, and catfish. The Namekagon River upstream of Hayward, Wisconsin is well known for its brown and brook trout fishing. Besides fishing, the riverway", "id": "10086875" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento\n\n\nmother church of the diocese, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament. Originally a major part of the defunct Grass Valley Diocese (which included several counties in northern California and Nevada), the present-day diocese was established by Pope Leo XIII on May 28, 1886. Today, the See of Sacramento remains a ceremonial suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the Dioceses of Honolulu, Las Vegas, Oakland, Reno, Salt Lake City, San Jose, Santa Rosa and Stockton", "id": "4599392" }, { "contents": "Saint Raphael's Cathedral (Madison, Wisconsin)\n\n\nthe state capitol. In 1853, Father Francis Etchmann began constructing the most recent church building. The cornerstone was laid on May 28, 1854 by Bishop John Henni of the Diocese of Milwaukee. He dedicated the new building because the parish was under his jurisdiction at the time. The spire and bells were added in 1885. On January 9, 1946, Pope Pius XII created the Diocese of Madison for an 11-county area in the southwestern part of the state. Territory was taken from the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and the Diocese of", "id": "1920566" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst in Australia\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst (in Australia) is a Latin Church suffragan diocese of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1865, covering the Central West and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia. The Cathedral of St Michael and St John the Baptist is the episcopal see of the Bishop of Bathurst, presently Michael McKenna. The Diocese of Bathurst was erected by Pope Pius IX on 20 June 1865. Prior to this date, the area was considered within the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Sydney, its present", "id": "21254493" }, { "contents": "Joseph Maria Koudelka\n\n\n29, 1907, Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland and he was ordained on February 25, 1908 with a special ministry to the Slavic community. On June 24, 1911 Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. He was ordained as the first auxiliary bishop of Milwaukee on September 4, 1911. On August 6, 1913, Pope Pius X appointed Koudelka the second bishop of the Diocese of Superior. He was installed at the pro-cathedral of Sacred Heart in", "id": "18330746" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nThe Archdiocese of Milwaukee () is a Roman Catholic archdiocese headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the United States. It encompasses the City of Milwaukee, as well as the counties of Dodge, Fond du Lac, Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Walworth, Washington and Waukesha, all located in Wisconsin. The Archdiocese of Milwaukee is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milwaukee, which includes the suffragan dioceses of Green Bay, La Crosse, Madison, and Superior. , Jerome Edward Listecki is the Archbishop", "id": "9546478" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering nineteen counties in northwestern Ohio. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The See city for the diocese is Toledo. The eighth and current Bishop of Toledo is Daniel Edward Thomas. Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Pius X erected the diocese April 15, 1910, in territory taken from the Diocese of Cleveland. The arms of the See of Toledo are based upon", "id": "6750935" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin's 7th congressional district\n\n\nWisconsin's 7th congressional district is a congressional district of the United States House of Representatives in northwestern and central Wisconsin; it is the largest congressional district in the state geographically, covering 20 counties (in whole or part), for a total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, St. Croix, Chippewa (partial), Clark, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Jackson (partial), Juneau (partial), Langlade, Lincoln, Marathon,", "id": "8780919" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez () is located in the northern Mexican city of the same name, across the Río Grande from El Paso, Texas. It is part of the ecclesiastical province of Chihuahua and is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Chihuahua . The Diocese of Ciudad Juárez was erected by Pope Pius XII on 10 April 1957 from the Diocese of Chihuahua because of the population growth in the northern part of the state of Chihuahua. Pope Pius named Manuel Talamás Camandari as the first bishop, and by 1966", "id": "13992785" }, { "contents": "Superior, Wisconsin\n\n\nSuperior come from the Duluth market: Superior is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Francis Xavier Catholic Church, located in the East End of Superior, has been noted for its architecture. Christ Evangelical Lutheran Church is the only congregation of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod located in Superior. It recently moved from its original location on Belknap Street to a new campus on North 28th Street. Pilgrim Lutheran Church is located", "id": "4103054" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi (\"Dioecesis Uromiensis\") in Uromi, Edo State, Nigeria was created on December 14, 2005, when it was split off from the Archdiocese of Benin City. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Benin City. Its first bishop was Augustine Obiora Akubeze (who was named Archbishop of Benin City in March 2011). The St Anthony of Padua church in Uromi was selected to be its cathedral. The canonical erection of the diocese and the episcopal ordination of the bishop took", "id": "2286692" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the northwestern United States, comprising the northern regions of the state of Alaska. It is led by a bishop who serves as pastor of the mother church, Sacred Heart Cathedral in the City of Fairbanks. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Anchorage. The See of Fairbanks was established from the Prefecture Apostolic of Alaska on July 27, 1894, which was created from the Diocese of Vancouver Island. It was", "id": "7747608" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough () is a suffragan Latin diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kingston, Ontario that includes part of the federal Province of Ontario in inland Canada. Its episcopal see is the Cathedral of Saint Peter-in-Chains in Peterborough, Ontario. On March 10, 2017, the Pope named former Hamilton Auxiliary Bishop Daniel J. Miehm as the new Bishop of Peterborough. Established on 25 January 1874 as Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Canada, on territory split off from the Diocese of Kingston", "id": "5387249" }, { "contents": "Catholic Diocese of Guiratinga\n\n\nThe Diocese of Guiratinga (Dioecesis Guiratingensis) was a former ecclesiastical circumscription of the Catholic Church in Brazil, belonging to the Ecclesiastical Province of Cuiabá and the West II Regional Bishops' Council of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil, being a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cuiabá. The episcopal see is the Cathedral St. John the Baptist in the city of Guiratinga in the state of Mato Grosso. The Prelature Registry Araguaia (Territorialis Praelatura Registrensis or Territorialis Praelatura registration Araguaia) was erected on May 12, 1914 by Pope Pius X", "id": "4926427" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America encompassing the northwestern third of Wisconsin. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). The faith community comprises 20 interdependent congregations, mostly small and rural. The see and diocesan offices are in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, with Christ Church Cathedral as the mother church. Christ Church in La Crosse is the largest church in the diocese. The roots of the Diocese of Eau Claire begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians", "id": "2071071" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Motherwell\n\n\nCumbernauld and the area of Auchinloch) and South Lanarkshire. The diocese, along with the Diocese of Paisley, was erected as a Suffragan See by the Apostolic Constitution \"Maxime interest\" on 25 May 1947. The new See took part of the Archdiocese of Glasgow (becoming its Suffragan See) and part of the Diocese of Galloway. At present the diocese is vacant. The most recent Bishop of Motherwell was the Right Reverend Joseph Devine, whose resignation was accepted by Pope Francis on 30 May 2013. On Tuesday 29 April", "id": "3729293" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 28\n\n\nBayfield), Pepin, Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix Counties. The first Senator from the 28th was William Wilson of Menomonie, who served in the 1857 session (the tenth session of the Wisconsin Legislature). The district has also been represented by: As of the redistricting of 1861, the 28th now consisted of Ashland, Burnett, Dallas (later renamed Barron), Douglas, La Pointe (later renamed Bayfield), Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix counties (it was not changed in the redistricting of", "id": "2063122" }, { "contents": "List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Northern Ireland\n\n\nIn the Roman Catholic Church, the entirety of Northern Ireland is comprehended by the ecclesiastical province of Armagh. The eponymous archdiocese and five of its suffragan dioceses cover the area of Northern Ireland. The diocesan and archdiocesan boundaries are not coterminous with the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Only two dioceses are entirely contained within Northern Ireland: Down and Connor and the Diocese of Dromore. Three dioceses and the Archdiocese of Armagh straddle the border. The Archdiocese and its suffragans are all part of the Episcopal conference of Ireland", "id": "14015256" }, { "contents": "Anglican Bishop of Nottingham\n\n\nThe Anglican Bishop of Nottingham was an episcopal title used by a Church of England suffragan bishop. The title took its name after the county town of Nottingham and was first created under the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534. Until 1837, Nottingham had been part of the Diocese of York, when it then became part of the Diocese of Lincoln. With the creation of the Diocese of Southwell in 1884, Nottingham became part of that diocese, but the then- (and final) bishop remained suffragan to Lincoln. Since 2005, Nottingham gives", "id": "20176138" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell () is an ecclesiastical diocese of the Catholic Church in Scotland. The diocese, which was erected on 25 May 1947 by Pope Pius XII from the Archdiocese of Glasgow, along with the Diocese of Paisley which was erected on the same day, remains one of two suffragan sees under the Archdiocese. On Tuesday 29 April 2014 - the Feast of St Catherine of Siena - Pope Francis appointed Joseph Toal as the fifth Bishop of Motherwell. In 2004, the Catholic population, proportionately the largest in", "id": "16456386" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nnative people, and baptized over 1,000 converts. During this time, the region was being overseen by French Catholic leaders in Quebec, which became a diocese in 1674, encompassing all of North America east of the Mississippi River. In 1791, the region was transferred to the Diocese of Baltimore, which was the first Catholic diocese created in the then-newly formed United States. In 1843, the Diocese of Milwaukee was established, and consisted of the entire state of Wisconsin. Northern Wisconsin remained within the Diocese of Milwaukee,", "id": "9474217" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nEpiscopal Diocese of Milwaukee, originally the Diocese of Wisconsin is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America located in the southern area of Wisconsin. It is in Province V (for the Midwest region). The Rt. Reverend Steven Miller is the bishop. The see city is Milwaukee. Cathedral Church of All Saints, Milwaukee is the mother church. The diocese was formed after Jackson Kemper was named the Episcopal Church's first missionary bishop and oversaw the church's mission to the Northwest Territories from 1835 to", "id": "2071175" }, { "contents": "Joseph G. Pinten\n\n\nvicar general, in 1919 purchased dormitory property of Northern Normal College and donated it to the diocese to use as a church with conditions that it be named after Saint Michael and that the new parish build a school. On November 30, 1921, Pope Benedict XV appointed Pinten the third bishop of the Superior Diocese. He was ordained bishop on May 3, 1922 at St. Peter Cathedral with Archbishop Sebastian Messmer of Milwaukee presiding. The next day an enthronement ceremony was held a Sacred Heart pro-cathedral in Superior. After his", "id": "18330981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kansas City–Saint Joseph\n\n\nXIII established the Diocese of Kansas City, with territories taken from the Archdiocese of St. Louis. Its first bishop was John Joseph Hogan. On July 2, 1956, the diocese incorporated part of the territory of the Diocese of Saint Joseph, which had been established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868. On the same date in 1956 part of the Diocese of Kansas City's territory went to establish the Diocese of Jefferson City and the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau. The diocese received its present name and boundaries", "id": "13839607" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Kerry\n\n\nThe Bishop of Kerry is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kerry, one of the suffragan dioceses of the Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly in Ireland. The Episcopal see changed its name from Ardfert and Aghadoe to Kerry on 20 December 1952. The bishop's seat (Cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church Saint Mary, Killarney. The current bishop is the Most Reverend Raymond Browne who was appointed Bishop of Kerry by Pope Francis on 2 May 2013 and received episcopal consecration at St Mary's Cathedral, Killarney on 21", "id": "20835420" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle\n\n\nas a result by 1850 the Diocese of Walla Walla was abandoned and its merged-in territory administered from Oregon City. On May 31, 1850, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese, with Augustin Blanchet as bishop. In January 1851, Augustin Blanchet dedicated St. James Church near Fort Vancouver as the new diocese's cathedral. A new St. James Cathedral was built in Vancouver, Washington in 1885. In 1903 Bishop Edward O'Dea, realizing that Vancouver was no longer the economic and", "id": "6861805" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nthe head of the new diocese, including the need to recruit priests to serve the growing number of parishes throughout the diocese. By the time Bishop Schinner resigned as the bishop of Superior in 1913, he saw the pool of priests grow from 39 diocesan priests in 1905 to 62 in 1913. Today, there are now 105 parishes within the Diocese of Superior. The following is a list of the Roman Catholic Bishops of the Diocese of Superior and their years of service: The Diocese of Superior has a membership of 73,638 Catholics", "id": "9474220" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Northern California. The diocese comprises Alameda and Contra Costa Counties in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Cathedral of Christ the Light serves as the bishop's seat, replacing the Cathedral of Saint Francis de Sales which was demolished after the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989. Once a part of the Archdiocese of San Francisco, the Diocese of Oakland remains a suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the", "id": "4599275" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\ndioceses which did not formally claim any continuity with the pre-Elizabethan English dioceses were created. The Vicariate Apostolic of the Northern District was duly elevated to diocese status as the Diocese of Hexham. On 23 May 1861 the diocese became the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, it was assigned to the newly created Province of Liverpool. The present diocese covers an area of 7,700 km²", "id": "3501975" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\n1859. He became provisional bishop of Wisconsin from 1847 to 1854 and first bishop of the Diocese of Wisconsin from 1854 to 1870. In 1875, the Diocese of Fond du Lac was created to serve the northeastern 26 counties of the state. The Diocese of Eau Claire, was carved out of the diocese in 1928 for the counties in the northwestern part of Wisconsin. The Diocese of Wisconsin became the Diocese of Milwaukee in 1886. Over the last few years the membership has declined from 15,000 to 11,000. Nashotah House, in", "id": "2071176" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson\n\n\nThe Diocese of Paterson is a diocese of the Roman Rite of the Latin Catholic Church in the United States, which includes three counties in northern New Jersey: Passaic, Morris, and Sussex. The city of Paterson, third-largest in the state of New Jersey, was chosen as the episcopal see, even though the vast majority of diocesan territory lies west of the city. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Newark, and is part of Region III of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. The", "id": "14672461" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay () was established on March 3, 1868, by Pope Pius IX. It covers the city of Green Bay, as well as Brown, Calumet, Door, Florence, Forest, Kewaunee, Langlade, Manitowoc, Marinette, Menominee, Oconto, Outagamie, Shawano, Waupaca, Waushara and Winnebago counties in Wisconsin. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The earliest trace of the Catholic faith in the Green Bay area was in 1634. Jesuits followed Jean Nicolet to", "id": "9417148" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering the parishes of northern Louisiana, and a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. Its bishop is part of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and belongs to Conference Region V (which includes Alabama, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee). Its mother church is the Cathedral of Saint John Berchmans, in Shreveport. The Diocese of Shreveport was canonically erected on June 16, 1986 when Pope John Paul II split the former Diocese of", "id": "18926928" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids () is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in western Michigan, in the United States. It comprises 102 churches in 11 counties in West Michigan. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Detroit. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of Saint Andrew. On April 18, 2013, Pope Francis accepted Bishop Walter A. Hurley's resignation and appointed the Rev. David J. Walkowiak to be the twelfth Bishop of Grand Rapids. The diocese was created from territory taken from", "id": "221824" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Suacia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Svač (, , ) was a bishopric with see in the town of Svač (Latinized as Suacia), which is today the village lying to the east of Ulcinj in Montenegro that is called in Serbian Шас, in Croat Šas and in Albanian Shas. The area was part of the late Roman province of Dalmatia Superior, and the Catholic Church, which includes the diocese in its list of Latin titular sees, accordingly treats it as a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Doclea. The diocese of Svač (", "id": "4011385" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck () is a Roman Catholic diocese in North Dakota. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop David Kagan. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Bismarck. The Cathedral parish of the diocese is Cathedral of the Holy Spirit. On December 31, 1909 Saint Pius X established the Diocese of Bismarck. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Fargo. The list of bishops of the diocese and their terms of service", "id": "18993019" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fiesole\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fiesole () is a Roman Catholic diocese in Tuscany, central Italy, whose episcopal see is the city of Fiesole. Fiesole was directly subject to the pope until 1420, when the archdiocese of Florence was created and Fiesole was made one of its suffragan bishops. It is still a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Florence. According to local legend the Gospel was first preached at Fiesole by Messius Romulus, said to have been a disciple of St. Peter. Documentary evidence, however, is from the 9th and", "id": "3288239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangalore\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Bangalore () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in India. It was erected as the Diocese of Bangalore on 13 February 1940 by Pope Pius XII, and elevated to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese on 19 September 1953, with the suffragan sees of Belgaum, Bellary, Chikmagalur, Gulbarga, Karwar, Mangalore, Udupi, Mysore, and Shimoga. The archdiocese's mother church and thus seat of its archbishop is the St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral; Bangalore also houses", "id": "9571833" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City () is a Roman Catholic diocese in western South Dakota, United States. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Robert Dwayne Gruss. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Rapid City. The Cathedral parish is the Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. On August 6, 1902 Saint Pius X established the diocese as the Diocese of Lead. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Sioux Falls. The", "id": "18993239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong is a suffragan Latin Rite diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1951, covering the Illawarra and Southern Highlands regions of New South Wales, Australia. St Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Wollongong is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Wollongong, currently Brian Mascord. On 15 November 1951, Pope Pius XII announced that a new diocese would be created from the two archdioceses of Sydney and Canberra & Goulburn. To be named Wollongong, the diocese was officially established on 11 February 1952.", "id": "21254634" }, { "contents": "Cathedral of Christ the King (Superior, Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Cathedral of Christ the King is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior in Superior, Wisconsin. It was named in honor of Christ the King. The building is located at 1111 Belknap Street in Superior. When the Diocese of Superior was established in 1905 Sacred Heart church, which had been established in the 1880s, was designated the pro-cathedral. Sacred Heart continued in this function until 1926. The cathedral construction project was announced in February 1926 and the groundbreaking occurred on June 23, 1926. Bishop", "id": "2884619" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nsuffragan sees were erected in Indiana and Illinois. In 1843 the Illinois portion of the diocese became the Diocese of Chicago. On 8 January 1857 the northern half of Indiana comprised the Diocese of Fort Wayne. On 28 March 1898 the episcopal diocese was transferred from Vincennes to Indianapolis, and the Diocese of Vincennes became the Diocese of Indianapolis. In 1944 Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese and founded two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The city of Vincennes, the former", "id": "4928244" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary () is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States of America. It was founded on December 17, 1956, by Pope Pius XII. It is one of four suffragan dioceses of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Its ecclesiastic territory includes Lake, Porter, LaPorte, and Starke counties in northwestern Indiana. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of the Holy Angels in Gary, Indiana. During the first half of the 20th century, many Catholic immigrants", "id": "17635414" }, { "contents": "Red Cedar River (Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Red Cedar River in northwestern Wisconsin is a tributary of the Chippewa River. According to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the river flows approximately 100 miles from southwestern Sawyer County to its confluence with the Chippewa southeast of Dunnville in southern Dunn County. It drains portions of eight Wisconsin counties: Barron, Chippewa, Dunn, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn. Important tributaries include the Chetek River and the Hay River. Important settlements along the river's course include Cameron, Rice Lake, Colfax,", "id": "2013455" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\n, he chose Indianapolis, the state capital of Indiana and the largest city in the diocese, as the new seat of the episcopal see. Between 1837 and 1882 seventy-five priests were ordained at St. Francis Xavier, including Michael E. Shawe, the first priest ordained in Indiana. In 1898 the episcopal see was moved to Indianapolis and it became the Diocese of Indianapolis. Bishop Chatard was its first bishop. St. Francis Xavier remained under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Indianapolis from 1898 to 1944, when Pope Pius XII elevated", "id": "1660117" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln () is a Catholic diocese in Nebraska, United States, and comprises the majority of the eastern and central portions of the state south of the Platte River. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Omaha. The episcopal see is in Lincoln, Nebraska. Bishop James D. Conley is the current ordinary of the Diocese. The Cathedral of the Risen Christ is the cathedral parish of the diocese. The diocese was established on August 2, 1887, by Pope Leo XIII from the territory", "id": "18992119" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná () is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Concordia and Gualeguaychú. On 13 June 1859, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of Paraná from the Diocese of Buenos Aires. It lost territory to the Diocese of Santa Fe when it was created in 1897 and the Diocese of Corrientes in 1910. The Diocese of Paraná was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope Pius XI on 20 April 1934. It lost territory two more times when the dioceses of Gualeguaychú (1957) and Concordia (1961", "id": "14584212" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nDiocese of Indianapolis. Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese in 1944, and erected two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The Diocese of Gary, Indiana, was erected in 1956. The Evansville Diocese absorbed the city of Vincennes upon its creation. The first four Bishops of Vincennes resided at the seat of the episcopal diocese in Vincennes. Their remains are buried in the crypt of St. Francis Xavier Basilica, Vincennes. Bishop Chatard, who resided in Indianapolis and also served", "id": "4928227" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kumba\n\n\nThe Diocese of Kumba (Latin: \"Diocesis Kumbana;\" French: \"Diocèse de Kumba\") is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the African country of Cameroon. Headquartered in Kumba, the diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart and its bishop is Agapitus Enuyehnyoh Nfon. The diocese was created on 15 March 2016 by Pope Francis from territory in the Diocese of Buéa, and it is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Bamenda. On 15 March 2016, Pope Francis established the Diocese of Kumba", "id": "4860060" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grass Valley\n\n\nThe Diocese of Grass Valley () now a titular see, was formerly a residential diocese of the Catholic Church located in northeastern California, United States. The diocese also included most of Nevada, and, early in its history, Utah and part of Colorado. The particular church that became the Diocese of Grass Valley was erected in by Pope Pius IX in 1860 as the Vicariate Apostolic of Marysville from territory formerly belonging to the Archdiocese of San Francisco, of which it was a suffragan see. In 1868, the see city", "id": "1681182" }, { "contents": "James Patrick Powers\n\n\nJames Patrick Powers (born February 6, 1953) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church and the eleventh bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin. Powers was born in Baldwin, Wisconsin on February 6, 1953. He graduated from St. Croix Central High School, in Hammond, Wisconsin, and from Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Powers was ordained a priest of the Superior Diocese on May 20, 1990. He served as administrator of the diocese from December 2014 to February 2016,", "id": "11695981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Teggiano-Policastro\n\n\nThe Italian Latin Catholic Diocese of (Diano-)Teggiano-Policastro (), in Campania, has existed since 1850, under its present name since 1986. In that year the Diocese of Diano-Teggiano was united with the diocese of Policastro. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno. Its cathedral episcopal see is the Marian Cattedrale di S. Maria Maggiore e S. Michele Arcangelo, in Teggiano. The current bishop is Antonio De Luca. On 29 September 1850, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of", "id": "18017079" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth is a Latin Church Roman Catholic diocese in England. The episcopal see is in the city of Plymouth, Devon, where the bishop's seat (cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church of St Mary and St Boniface. Erected as the Diocese of Plymouth in 1850 by Pope Pius IX, from the Apostolic Vicariate of the Western District, the diocese has remained jurisdictionally constant since. Since 1965, the diocese has been a suffragan see of the Ecclesiastical Province of Southwark; before then, from", "id": "8307114" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson (, ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the southwestern region of the United States. It is a suffragan see of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santa Fe. The diocese was recently led by its seventh bishop, Most Reverend Gerald Frederick Kicanas, who retired on October 3, 2017. The See city for the diocese is Tucson, Arizona, and its cathedral parish is the St. Augustine. Another church of special interest is the Mission San Xavier del Bac, also", "id": "7747261" }, { "contents": "Diocese of Rochester\n\n\n) were added to Rochester, while all West Kent parishes except those in the Rochester Deanery were transferred to the Diocese of Canterbury. In May 1877, Essex and Hertfordshire became part of the newly created Diocese of St Albans. On 1 August 1877, the Diocese of Rochester gained some northern parts of Surrey from the Diocese of Winchester which were later transferred to the Diocese of Southwark at its creation in 1905. The present diocesan bishop, the Bishop of Rochester, is James Langstaff. The diocese also has a suffragan bishop:", "id": "3447784" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the Ecclesiastical Province of Cincinnati covering 23 counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The episcopal see of the diocese is situated at Columbus. The diocese was erected on March 3, 1868 by Pope Pius IX out of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. On October 21, 1944 the diocese lost territory when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Steubenville. The Catholic faith was brought in the area by the Dominican Order in Somerset. They established St. Joseph's Parish", "id": "6750859" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral (Alexandria, Louisiana)\n\n\n, and the clock was installed in 1908. Because of the newly constructed church and Alexandria's central location, Bishop Cornelius Van de Ven petitioned the Roman Curia to transfer the seat of the diocese from Natchitoches to Alexandria. Pope Pius X created the suffragan Diocese of Alexandria on . St. Francis Xavier Church was elevated to the rank of cathedral of the newly created diocese. The current bishop of Alexandria is Sede Vacante, and the rector of the cathedral is Father James A. Ferguson. The cathedral's rose windows are the largest in", "id": "16556508" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of Ohio. Pope Pius IX erected the diocese April 23, 1847, in territory taken from the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The diocese lost territory in 1910 when Pope Pius X erected the Diocese of Toledo, and in 1943 when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Youngstown. It is currently the 17th-largest diocese in the United States by population, encompassing the counties of Ashland, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Medina,", "id": "6750690" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pavia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Pavia () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It has been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan only since 1817. Previous to the reorganization of the hierarchy in northern Italy by Pope Pius VII after the expulsion of the French and the Congress of Vienna, the diocese of Pavia had depended directly upon the Holy See, despite repeated failed attempts on the part of the Archbishops of Milan to claim control. The diocese has produced one Pope and Patriarch of Venice, and three cardinals. The", "id": "9177548" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza () is an archdiocese located in the city of Fortaleza in Brazil. On June 6, 1854, it was established by Pope Pius IX, as the Diocese of Ceará from the Diocese of Olinda. Formerly a part of the Diocese of Pernambuco, the district was erected into a separate diocese, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Bahia. João Guerino Gomes was named as first bishop but did not accept the appointment. Father Gomes, who was famous in his day both as an orator and as", "id": "5595432" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lansing\n\n\nThe Catholic Diocese of Lansing () is located in Lansing, Michigan. It encompasses an area of including the counties of Clinton, Eaton, Genesee, Hillsdale, Ingham, Jackson, Lenawee, Livingston, Shiawassee and Washtenaw. It is a suffragan diocese of the ecclesiastical province of Detroit. Pope Pius XI created the Diocese of Lansing May 22, 1937 by taking territory from the Archdiocese of Detroit. In July 1971, Pope Paul VI separated territory from the Lansing Diocese and territory from the Diocese of Grand Rapids to form the", "id": "4281991" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza () is in Argentina and is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Neuquén and San Rafael. On 20 April 1934, Pope Pius XI established the Diocese of Mendoza from the Diocese of San Juan de Cuyo. It lost territory to the Diocese of San Rafael when it was created in 1961. At the same time, the Diocese of Mendoza was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope John XXIII on 10 April 1961./small On 5 May 2017, Kosaka Kumiko, a Japanese-Argentinian nun,", "id": "15288343" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City () is the Roman Catholic diocese for the northwestern quarter of the US state of Iowa. The diocese comprises 24 counties in northwestern Iowa, and it covers an area of . The See city for the diocese is Sioux City. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The cathedral parish for this diocese is the Epiphany. R. Walker Nickless was ordained as bishop of Sioux City on 20 January 2006. On 24 July, 1900, Pope Leo XIII issued a papal bull", "id": "394842" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis\n\n\nlater period the church first came into the area with the arrival of missionaries and European settlers. The original see was canonically erected by Pope Pius IX on July 19, 1850 as the Diocese of Saint Paul of Minnesota, a suffragan episcopal see of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis. The Diocese's territory was taken from that of Dubuque, and its authority spread over all of Minnesota Territory, which consisted of the area which now composes the states of Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota and also comprises the modern archdiocese's ecclesiastical", "id": "7457113" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Sherborne\n\n\nThe Bishop of Sherborne is an episcopal title which takes its name from the market town of Sherborne in Dorset, England. The see of Sherborne was established in around 705 by St Aldhelm, the Abbot of Malmesbury. This see was the mother diocese of the greater part of southwestern England in Saxon times, but after the Norman Conquest was incorporated into the new Diocese of Salisbury. The title Bishop of Sherborne is now used by the Church of England for a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Salisbury. In 1925, the title", "id": "4184192" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\nthe episcopal see to the Archdiocese of Indianapolis and established two new suffragan diocese in Indiana: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. On 14 March 1970 Pope Paul VI raised the status of St. Francis Xavier Cathedral to a basilica. The present Greek Revival-style basilica dates from 1826, making it the oldest Catholic church in Indiana. It was built on or near the site of two earlier churches. The first chapel, a crude structure measuring 22 feet by 66 feet, with log posts, mud daub,", "id": "1660118" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Caserta\n\n\nThe Diocese of Caserta () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Campania, southern Italy. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Naples. In 1818 Pope Pius VII united this see with the diocese of Caiazzo, but Pope Pius IX made them separate sees. In 2013 in the diocese of Caserta there was one priest for every 1,703 Catholics. It is not known when Caserta became an episcopal see. The first-known bishop was Ranulfo whose election in 1113 was confirmed by Senne, Archbishop of Capua. \"Erected", "id": "16395150" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia\n\n\nThe Italian Catholic Diocese of Pescia () is in Tuscany. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Pisa. In 1519 Pope Leo X withdrew Pescia from the archdiocese of Lucca, raising it to the dignity of a prelacy nullius; and in 1726 it was made a diocese, suffragan of Pisa. Its first bishop was Bartolommeo Pucci (1728). Others were Francesco Vicenti (1773–1801), and Giulio Serafini. On 25 November 2015, Pope Francis appointed as the new Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia,", "id": "15933634" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur\n\n\nLumpur was dedicated to St John the evangelist in 1883, and would be later known as St. John's Cathedral, the Mother Church of Kuala Lumpur. In 1955, the Diocese of Malacca became a Metropolitan Archdiocese, with the newly formed Diocese of Penang and Diocese of Kuala Lumpur as its suffragan sees. Bishop Dominic Vendargon was appointed as the first Bishop of Kuala Lumpur, and was ordained in the same year. In 1972, the Diocese of Kuala Lumpur was elevated into an Archdiocese, with the suffragan dioceses of Penang and", "id": "14666462" }, { "contents": "WESTconsin Credit Union\n\n\nanyone who lives or works in the Wisconsin counties of Barron, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Dunn, Eau Claire, Jackson, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau or Washburn, or the Minnesota counties of Anoka, Chisago, Dakota, Goodhue, Isanti, Ramsey, Wabasha, and Washington with a $5 deposit in a membership share (savings) account. Presently, \"WEST\"consin Credit Union has five fully operational high school offices that are located in Amery,", "id": "1182556" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zamboanga\n\n\nthe future city of Zamboanga. On January 20, 1933, Pope Pius XI divided Mindanao into two areas. Southern Mindanao including the Sulu Archipelago became under the jurisdiction of Zamboanga. Northern Mindanao became under the Diocese of Cagayan de Oro. In 1951 Cagayan de Oro became an archdiocese, the first in the island of Mindanao. All episcopal jurisdictions in Mindanao and Sulu, including Zamboanga, became suffragans of this archdiocese. The Diocese of Zamboanga was further divided when the Prelature Nullius of Davao was established and separated in 1949; the", "id": "18254813" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiavari\n\n\nThe Diocese of Chiavari () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Liguria, northern Italy. It was created on 3 December 1892 by Pope Leo XIII in the Bull \"Romani Pontifices\". It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Genoa. Chiavari became an episcopal see in 1892, but until 1896 it was administered by Tommaso Reggio, the Archbishop of Genoa, to which diocese it originally belonged, through his Auxiliary Bishop and Vicar General, Fortunato Vinelli, titular bishop of Epiphania (Cilicia, Ottoman Empire). The", "id": "15328930" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of El Paso\n\n\nwest Texas were served by travelling priests in car and horseback. After Pinto's efforts, Catholic parishes began to flourish in El Paso. On 3 March 1914, Pope Pius X established the Diocese of El Paso as a suffragan see of Santa Fe. The diocese covered nearly in West Texas and southern New Mexico and was created from parts of the dioceses of Dallas, San Antonio and Tucson. Jesuit priest Father John J. Brown was appointed bishop of the newly created diocese on 22 January 1915 but resigned before his scheduled consecration.", "id": "18993686" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai (; ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Municipality of Shanghai, China. It was erected on December 13, 1933 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Shanghai by Pope Pius XI, and was later elevated to the rank of a diocese on April 11, 1946 by Pope Pius XII. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Nanking. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is St. Ignatius Cathedral; it also houses a minor basilica in Sheshan", "id": "15983488" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta is a suffragan Latin Church diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1986. The Diocese of Parramatta is an organisation of the Roman Catholic Church, with responsibility for the western suburbs of Sydney and the Blue Mountains, in New South Wales, Australia. St Patrick's Cathedral, Parramatta, is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Parramatta. On 5 May 2016, Pope Francis appointed Vincent Long Van Nguyen OFM Conv to be its fourth bishop. His installation took place on 16 June 2016", "id": "21254601" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Utah\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Utah is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States, encompassing the state of Utah, less that part of the Four Corners region which is in the Navajoland Area Mission. It includes a small part of northern Arizona. In 1867, the Episcopal Church was the first Protestant church organized in Utah. The diocesan offices and cathedral, St. Mark's Cathedral, are in Salt Lake City. The current bishop is Scott B. Hayashi, whose consecration took place on November 6, 2010 and was installed", "id": "17667064" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton is a suffragan see of Archdiocese of Philadelphia, established on March 3, 1868. The seat of the bishop is St. Peter's Cathedral in Scranton, PA. Other cities in the diocese are Wilkes-Barre, Williamsport, Hazleton, Nanticoke, Carbondale, and Pittston. The diocese comprises Lackawanna, Luzerne, Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne, Tioga, Sullivan, Wyoming, Lycoming, Pike, and Monroe counties, all in the northeastern part of Pennsylvania. The area of the diocese is .", "id": "10915059" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the United States. It comprises the territory of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agaña. The diocese was canonically erected on 8 November 1984 by Pope John Paul II. Its territories were taken from the archdiocese based in Guam. The Diocese of Chalan Kanoa is led by a prelate bishop who pastors the mother church, the Our Lady of Mount Carmel Cathedral on Saipan.", "id": "5619001" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Mantua\n\n\nThe Diocese of Mantua () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It was erected in 804, and is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan. The diocese has produced one Pope and (Latin) Patriarch of Constantinople, and two cardinals. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is the Cathedral of S. Pietro Apostolo; Mantua also contains the Basilica of Sant'Andrea. The last Bishop of Mantua iss Gianmarco Busca, appointed by Pope Francis on June 3, 2016. The bishops emeriti are Egidio", "id": "9176744" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kota Kinabalu\n\n\nafter its see. On 31 May 1976 the vicariate was elevated to a full Diocese of Kota Kinabalu, suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kuching. The diocese lost territories twice, to create its present suffragans : On 23 May 2008, the diocese was elevated to Metropolitan Archdiocese, whose ecclesiastical province comprises the above suffragan dioceses, both formerly part of the original territory of the diocese of Kota Kinabalu: the Diocese of Keningau and the Diocese of Sandakan. On 21 June 2010, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Rev.", "id": "11660795" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\nthe diocese in 1850, Pius IX appointed Bishop William Hogarth, Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District, to be the first bishop of the diocese. The Parish Church of Saint Mary, Newcastle upon Tyne, designed by Augustus Welby Pugin, was selected as the seat for the new bishop, gaining cathedral status. In 1924, Pope Pius XI withdrew the old counties of Cumberland and Westmorland to incorporate them into a newly created Diocese of Lancaster. For this reason, the Lancaster diocese still considers St Cuthbert as one of its principal", "id": "6620884" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nof the Diocese of Wisconsin. In 1870, Fond du Lac was the second largest city in Wisconsin. The remaining counties continued as the Diocese of Wisconsin until 1888, when it was renamed the Diocese of Milwaukee. In 1875, after three elections, John Henry Hobart Brown accepted election as first bishop and was consecrated December 15, 1875 at St. John's Episcopal Church, Cohoes, New York. Brown declared the city of Fond du Lac and St. Paul's Church as the episcopal See. The other viable location was Christ", "id": "2071144" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fond du Lac is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, encompassing the northeastern third of Wisconsin. The diocese contains about 5,700 baptized members worshipping in 37 locations. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). Diocesan offices are in Appleton, Wisconsin. The Diocesan Archives are maintained in Grafton Hall behind the Cathedral in Fond du Lac. Matthew Gunter is its bishop. The roots of the Diocese of Fond du Lac begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians, removing from", "id": "2071141" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spiš\n\n\nThe Diocese of Spiš (, ) is a Roman Catholic diocese in northern Slovakia. It covers central and eastern parts of the Žilina Region and western part of the Prešov Region. Its seat is in Spišská Kapitula; the diocese covers an area of 7,802 km² with 583,633 people of which 76.6% are of Catholic faith (2004). The current bishop is Štefan Sečka. The diocese was established on 13 March 1776 as a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Esztergom. In 1804, its metropolitan was changed to the Archdiocese of Eger", "id": "12385676" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Salford\n\n\n-Elizabethan English dioceses of which one of these was the diocese of Salford and went on to take up the reins of part of the former Vicariate Apostolic of the Lancashire District. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but a further development was its assignment under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, to a newly created Province of Liverpool. At the diocese's creation the territory assigned to it was the hundreds of Salford and Blackburn. The diocese currently covers an", "id": "3729210" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering twenty-eight counties in Kansas. Pope Pius XII created the diocese on May 19, 1951. John B. Brungardt was appointed Bishop of Dodge City in December 2010. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City encompasses 23,000-square-miles, and 50 parishes in 28 counties. It was established in 1951 from parts of the Diocese of Wichita, the Diocese of Leavenworth, and the Vicariate Apostolic of the Indian Territory established July 19, 1850. At that", "id": "17635532" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It comprises that part of South Dakota east of the Missouri River. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Paul J. Swain. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Sioux Falls. The cathedral parish is St. Joseph Cathedral. On August 12, 1879 Pope Leo XIII established the Vicariate Apostolic of Dakota from territory taken from the Diocese of", "id": "18993545" } ]

[ { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior () encompasses the city of Superior and the counties of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Lincoln, Oneida, Price, Polk, Rusk, Sawyer, St. Croix, Taylor, Vilas, and Washburn in northern Wisconsin, with an area of . Its episcopal see is Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is its mother church. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The diocese was established on May 3, 1905 by", "id": "9474213" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nPope Pius X. It was created from the northern part of the Diocese of La Crosse and the northwestern part of the Diocese of Green Bay, with Augustine Francis Schinner as the first bishop. Prior to the official founding of the diocese in 1905, there had already been a rich history of Catholicism in the region. Centuries earlier, Catholic missionaries had forged a dynamic presence throughout the Lake Superior region of Wisconsin. The early history of Catholicism in the state of Wisconsin started within the territory that the Diocese of Superior now encompasses,", "id": "9474214" }, { "contents": "List of museums in Wisconsin\n\n\nMarathon, Marquette, Menominee, Milwaukee, Oconto, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan Counties in the north central and northwest area: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Langlade, Lincoln, Oneida, Polk, Price, Rusk, Sawyer, Taylor, Vilas, Washburn South central and southwest area along the Mississippi and Chippewa rivers: Buffalo, Chippewa, Crawford, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Jackson, La Crosse, Pepin, Pierce, St. Croix, Trempealeau, Vernon South", "id": "7014980" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nserved for one year as pastor of St. Hubertus parish at Hubertus, Wisconsin. From 1887 to 1893 he was a member of the faculty of St. Francis Seminary. From 1893 to 1905, he served as chancellor and vicar general of the archdiocese of Milwaukee, appointed by Archbishop Frederick Katzer. The Diocese of Superior was established on May 3, 1905, formed from portions of the Diocese of Green Bay and the Diocese of La Crosse. On May 13, 1905, Pope Pius X appointed Schinner the first Bishop of the newly", "id": "5250913" }, { "contents": "United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin\n\n\nheld at Madison. The district comprises the following counties: Adams, Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Green, Iowa, Iron, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, La Crosse, Lafayette, Lincoln, Marathon, Monroe, Oneida, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Portage, Price, Richland, Rock, Rusk, Sauk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Vilas, Washburn and", "id": "19092884" }, { "contents": "2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin\n\n\na total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark (partial), Douglas, Iron, Langlade (partial), Lincoln, Marathon, Oneida, Polk, Portage, Price, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Washburn and Wood. The district is currently represented by Sean Duffy, a Republican. The PVI of the district is R+8. Duffy is running for reelection. The 8th congressional district includes Green Bay and Appleton. It", "id": "2566179" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nAugustine Francis Schinner (May 1, 1863 – February 7, 1937) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the first Bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin (1905-1913) and first Bishop of the Diocese of Spokane, Washington (1914-1925). Schinner was educated at St. Francis Seminary in Wisconsin, and was ordained to the priesthood on March 7, 1886, by Archbishop Michael Heiss of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee at the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist. He", "id": "5250912" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse\n\n\nthe Workman. The Diocese of La Crosse was established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868, from territory that was taken from what was then the Diocese of Milwaukee. It included the part of Wisconsin lying north and west of the Wisconsin River. Michael Heiss, then head of St. Francis Seminary, Milwaukee, was named the first bishop of the La Crosse episcopal see. On May 3, 1905, the territory of the Dioceses of La Crosse and Green Bay was brought together to form the Diocese of Superior,", "id": "6320305" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nuntil the formation of the Diocese of Lacrosse, and the Diocese of Green Bay, which then served the northern region. Finally, in 1905, the Diocese of Superior was created by Pope Pius X, encompassing 16 counties in northern Wisconsin. The oldest Catholic congregation in the state of Wisconsin (in continuous operation to the present-day) is within the Diocese of Superior. On July 27, 1836, Fr. Frederic Baraga arrived at La Pointe, and immediately set to work, building a log church. Fr.", "id": "9474218" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane\n\n\n, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese. The episcopal see was subsequently moved to Seattle, and the diocese was renamed the Diocese of Seattle in 1907. With a growing population in Spokane and other areas of Eastern Washington, church leadership in Seattle realized that a new diocese needed to be formed, and the Diocese of Spokane was canonically erected by Pope Pius X on December 17, 1913. The diocese's first bishop was Augustine Francis Schinner, the bishop emeritus of the Diocese of", "id": "6861839" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 25\n\n\nThe 25th District of the Wisconsin Senate is located in far north-western Wisconsin, and is currently composed of part or all of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Price, Sawyer, Vilas and Washburn counties. The district area is a mostly rural, and covers more land and more counties than any other district in Wisconsin. Janet Bewley is the senator serving the 25th district. She was elected to a four-year term in 2014. Before serving as a senator, she held an office", "id": "19471671" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nBaraga, like the Jesuit missionaries before him, had success evangelizing the native people. His congregation at La Pointe grew, and also included many early European immigrants, primarily French Fur Traders. In 1838, Fr. Baraga built a larger church at La Pointe, on the spot of the present-day location of \"St. Joseph's Catholic Church\". The first Bishop to serve the Diocese of Superior was Augustine Francis Schinner, who was consecrated as Bishop on July 25, 1905. Bishop Schinner faced many challenges, as", "id": "9474219" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\ncreated diocese. He was ordained a bishop on July 25, 1905. Traveling by train with an entourage of over 60 priests from Milwaukee, he arrived at Ashland, Wisconsin, traveled to the Apostle Islands on a short boat tour, and then continued on to Superior. There were 39 diocesan priests, 17 religious order priests serving 38,861 Catholics in 43 parishes with resident pastors, and 50 missions and 33 stations. For Catholic schools, there was 1 high school, 16 elementary and 2 boarding schools with a total enrollment of", "id": "5250914" }, { "contents": "Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway\n\n\nthe Mississippi River, it lies within parts of eight counties in Wisconsin: Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Pierce, Polk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn; and three in Minnesota: Chisago, Pine, and Washington. The upper St. Croix is a nationally renowned smallmouth bass fishery. Other fish species present in the riverway include walleye, northern pike, sturgeon, muskellunge, and catfish. The Namekagon River upstream of Hayward, Wisconsin is well known for its brown and brook trout fishing. Besides fishing, the riverway", "id": "10086875" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento\n\n\nmother church of the diocese, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament. Originally a major part of the defunct Grass Valley Diocese (which included several counties in northern California and Nevada), the present-day diocese was established by Pope Leo XIII on May 28, 1886. Today, the See of Sacramento remains a ceremonial suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the Dioceses of Honolulu, Las Vegas, Oakland, Reno, Salt Lake City, San Jose, Santa Rosa and Stockton", "id": "4599392" }, { "contents": "Saint Raphael's Cathedral (Madison, Wisconsin)\n\n\nthe state capitol. In 1853, Father Francis Etchmann began constructing the most recent church building. The cornerstone was laid on May 28, 1854 by Bishop John Henni of the Diocese of Milwaukee. He dedicated the new building because the parish was under his jurisdiction at the time. The spire and bells were added in 1885. On January 9, 1946, Pope Pius XII created the Diocese of Madison for an 11-county area in the southwestern part of the state. Territory was taken from the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and the Diocese of", "id": "1920566" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst in Australia\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst (in Australia) is a Latin Church suffragan diocese of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1865, covering the Central West and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia. The Cathedral of St Michael and St John the Baptist is the episcopal see of the Bishop of Bathurst, presently Michael McKenna. The Diocese of Bathurst was erected by Pope Pius IX on 20 June 1865. Prior to this date, the area was considered within the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Sydney, its present", "id": "21254493" }, { "contents": "Joseph Maria Koudelka\n\n\n29, 1907, Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland and he was ordained on February 25, 1908 with a special ministry to the Slavic community. On June 24, 1911 Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. He was ordained as the first auxiliary bishop of Milwaukee on September 4, 1911. On August 6, 1913, Pope Pius X appointed Koudelka the second bishop of the Diocese of Superior. He was installed at the pro-cathedral of Sacred Heart in", "id": "18330746" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nThe Archdiocese of Milwaukee () is a Roman Catholic archdiocese headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the United States. It encompasses the City of Milwaukee, as well as the counties of Dodge, Fond du Lac, Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Walworth, Washington and Waukesha, all located in Wisconsin. The Archdiocese of Milwaukee is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milwaukee, which includes the suffragan dioceses of Green Bay, La Crosse, Madison, and Superior. , Jerome Edward Listecki is the Archbishop", "id": "9546478" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering nineteen counties in northwestern Ohio. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The See city for the diocese is Toledo. The eighth and current Bishop of Toledo is Daniel Edward Thomas. Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Pius X erected the diocese April 15, 1910, in territory taken from the Diocese of Cleveland. The arms of the See of Toledo are based upon", "id": "6750935" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin's 7th congressional district\n\n\nWisconsin's 7th congressional district is a congressional district of the United States House of Representatives in northwestern and central Wisconsin; it is the largest congressional district in the state geographically, covering 20 counties (in whole or part), for a total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, St. Croix, Chippewa (partial), Clark, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Jackson (partial), Juneau (partial), Langlade, Lincoln, Marathon,", "id": "8780919" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez () is located in the northern Mexican city of the same name, across the Río Grande from El Paso, Texas. It is part of the ecclesiastical province of Chihuahua and is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Chihuahua . The Diocese of Ciudad Juárez was erected by Pope Pius XII on 10 April 1957 from the Diocese of Chihuahua because of the population growth in the northern part of the state of Chihuahua. Pope Pius named Manuel Talamás Camandari as the first bishop, and by 1966", "id": "13992785" }, { "contents": "Superior, Wisconsin\n\n\nSuperior come from the Duluth market: Superior is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Francis Xavier Catholic Church, located in the East End of Superior, has been noted for its architecture. Christ Evangelical Lutheran Church is the only congregation of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod located in Superior. It recently moved from its original location on Belknap Street to a new campus on North 28th Street. Pilgrim Lutheran Church is located", "id": "4103054" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi (\"Dioecesis Uromiensis\") in Uromi, Edo State, Nigeria was created on December 14, 2005, when it was split off from the Archdiocese of Benin City. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Benin City. Its first bishop was Augustine Obiora Akubeze (who was named Archbishop of Benin City in March 2011). The St Anthony of Padua church in Uromi was selected to be its cathedral. The canonical erection of the diocese and the episcopal ordination of the bishop took", "id": "2286692" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the northwestern United States, comprising the northern regions of the state of Alaska. It is led by a bishop who serves as pastor of the mother church, Sacred Heart Cathedral in the City of Fairbanks. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Anchorage. The See of Fairbanks was established from the Prefecture Apostolic of Alaska on July 27, 1894, which was created from the Diocese of Vancouver Island. It was", "id": "7747608" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough () is a suffragan Latin diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kingston, Ontario that includes part of the federal Province of Ontario in inland Canada. Its episcopal see is the Cathedral of Saint Peter-in-Chains in Peterborough, Ontario. On March 10, 2017, the Pope named former Hamilton Auxiliary Bishop Daniel J. Miehm as the new Bishop of Peterborough. Established on 25 January 1874 as Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Canada, on territory split off from the Diocese of Kingston", "id": "5387249" }, { "contents": "Catholic Diocese of Guiratinga\n\n\nThe Diocese of Guiratinga (Dioecesis Guiratingensis) was a former ecclesiastical circumscription of the Catholic Church in Brazil, belonging to the Ecclesiastical Province of Cuiabá and the West II Regional Bishops' Council of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil, being a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cuiabá. The episcopal see is the Cathedral St. John the Baptist in the city of Guiratinga in the state of Mato Grosso. The Prelature Registry Araguaia (Territorialis Praelatura Registrensis or Territorialis Praelatura registration Araguaia) was erected on May 12, 1914 by Pope Pius X", "id": "4926427" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America encompassing the northwestern third of Wisconsin. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). The faith community comprises 20 interdependent congregations, mostly small and rural. The see and diocesan offices are in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, with Christ Church Cathedral as the mother church. Christ Church in La Crosse is the largest church in the diocese. The roots of the Diocese of Eau Claire begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians", "id": "2071071" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Motherwell\n\n\nCumbernauld and the area of Auchinloch) and South Lanarkshire. The diocese, along with the Diocese of Paisley, was erected as a Suffragan See by the Apostolic Constitution \"Maxime interest\" on 25 May 1947. The new See took part of the Archdiocese of Glasgow (becoming its Suffragan See) and part of the Diocese of Galloway. At present the diocese is vacant. The most recent Bishop of Motherwell was the Right Reverend Joseph Devine, whose resignation was accepted by Pope Francis on 30 May 2013. On Tuesday 29 April", "id": "3729293" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 28\n\n\nBayfield), Pepin, Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix Counties. The first Senator from the 28th was William Wilson of Menomonie, who served in the 1857 session (the tenth session of the Wisconsin Legislature). The district has also been represented by: As of the redistricting of 1861, the 28th now consisted of Ashland, Burnett, Dallas (later renamed Barron), Douglas, La Pointe (later renamed Bayfield), Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix counties (it was not changed in the redistricting of", "id": "2063122" }, { "contents": "List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Northern Ireland\n\n\nIn the Roman Catholic Church, the entirety of Northern Ireland is comprehended by the ecclesiastical province of Armagh. The eponymous archdiocese and five of its suffragan dioceses cover the area of Northern Ireland. The diocesan and archdiocesan boundaries are not coterminous with the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Only two dioceses are entirely contained within Northern Ireland: Down and Connor and the Diocese of Dromore. Three dioceses and the Archdiocese of Armagh straddle the border. The Archdiocese and its suffragans are all part of the Episcopal conference of Ireland", "id": "14015256" }, { "contents": "Anglican Bishop of Nottingham\n\n\nThe Anglican Bishop of Nottingham was an episcopal title used by a Church of England suffragan bishop. The title took its name after the county town of Nottingham and was first created under the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534. Until 1837, Nottingham had been part of the Diocese of York, when it then became part of the Diocese of Lincoln. With the creation of the Diocese of Southwell in 1884, Nottingham became part of that diocese, but the then- (and final) bishop remained suffragan to Lincoln. Since 2005, Nottingham gives", "id": "20176138" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell () is an ecclesiastical diocese of the Catholic Church in Scotland. The diocese, which was erected on 25 May 1947 by Pope Pius XII from the Archdiocese of Glasgow, along with the Diocese of Paisley which was erected on the same day, remains one of two suffragan sees under the Archdiocese. On Tuesday 29 April 2014 - the Feast of St Catherine of Siena - Pope Francis appointed Joseph Toal as the fifth Bishop of Motherwell. In 2004, the Catholic population, proportionately the largest in", "id": "16456386" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nnative people, and baptized over 1,000 converts. During this time, the region was being overseen by French Catholic leaders in Quebec, which became a diocese in 1674, encompassing all of North America east of the Mississippi River. In 1791, the region was transferred to the Diocese of Baltimore, which was the first Catholic diocese created in the then-newly formed United States. In 1843, the Diocese of Milwaukee was established, and consisted of the entire state of Wisconsin. Northern Wisconsin remained within the Diocese of Milwaukee,", "id": "9474217" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nEpiscopal Diocese of Milwaukee, originally the Diocese of Wisconsin is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America located in the southern area of Wisconsin. It is in Province V (for the Midwest region). The Rt. Reverend Steven Miller is the bishop. The see city is Milwaukee. Cathedral Church of All Saints, Milwaukee is the mother church. The diocese was formed after Jackson Kemper was named the Episcopal Church's first missionary bishop and oversaw the church's mission to the Northwest Territories from 1835 to", "id": "2071175" }, { "contents": "Joseph G. Pinten\n\n\nvicar general, in 1919 purchased dormitory property of Northern Normal College and donated it to the diocese to use as a church with conditions that it be named after Saint Michael and that the new parish build a school. On November 30, 1921, Pope Benedict XV appointed Pinten the third bishop of the Superior Diocese. He was ordained bishop on May 3, 1922 at St. Peter Cathedral with Archbishop Sebastian Messmer of Milwaukee presiding. The next day an enthronement ceremony was held a Sacred Heart pro-cathedral in Superior. After his", "id": "18330981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kansas City–Saint Joseph\n\n\nXIII established the Diocese of Kansas City, with territories taken from the Archdiocese of St. Louis. Its first bishop was John Joseph Hogan. On July 2, 1956, the diocese incorporated part of the territory of the Diocese of Saint Joseph, which had been established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868. On the same date in 1956 part of the Diocese of Kansas City's territory went to establish the Diocese of Jefferson City and the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau. The diocese received its present name and boundaries", "id": "13839607" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Kerry\n\n\nThe Bishop of Kerry is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kerry, one of the suffragan dioceses of the Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly in Ireland. The Episcopal see changed its name from Ardfert and Aghadoe to Kerry on 20 December 1952. The bishop's seat (Cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church Saint Mary, Killarney. The current bishop is the Most Reverend Raymond Browne who was appointed Bishop of Kerry by Pope Francis on 2 May 2013 and received episcopal consecration at St Mary's Cathedral, Killarney on 21", "id": "20835420" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle\n\n\nas a result by 1850 the Diocese of Walla Walla was abandoned and its merged-in territory administered from Oregon City. On May 31, 1850, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese, with Augustin Blanchet as bishop. In January 1851, Augustin Blanchet dedicated St. James Church near Fort Vancouver as the new diocese's cathedral. A new St. James Cathedral was built in Vancouver, Washington in 1885. In 1903 Bishop Edward O'Dea, realizing that Vancouver was no longer the economic and", "id": "6861805" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nthe head of the new diocese, including the need to recruit priests to serve the growing number of parishes throughout the diocese. By the time Bishop Schinner resigned as the bishop of Superior in 1913, he saw the pool of priests grow from 39 diocesan priests in 1905 to 62 in 1913. Today, there are now 105 parishes within the Diocese of Superior. The following is a list of the Roman Catholic Bishops of the Diocese of Superior and their years of service: The Diocese of Superior has a membership of 73,638 Catholics", "id": "9474220" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Northern California. The diocese comprises Alameda and Contra Costa Counties in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Cathedral of Christ the Light serves as the bishop's seat, replacing the Cathedral of Saint Francis de Sales which was demolished after the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989. Once a part of the Archdiocese of San Francisco, the Diocese of Oakland remains a suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the", "id": "4599275" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\ndioceses which did not formally claim any continuity with the pre-Elizabethan English dioceses were created. The Vicariate Apostolic of the Northern District was duly elevated to diocese status as the Diocese of Hexham. On 23 May 1861 the diocese became the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, it was assigned to the newly created Province of Liverpool. The present diocese covers an area of 7,700 km²", "id": "3501975" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\n1859. He became provisional bishop of Wisconsin from 1847 to 1854 and first bishop of the Diocese of Wisconsin from 1854 to 1870. In 1875, the Diocese of Fond du Lac was created to serve the northeastern 26 counties of the state. The Diocese of Eau Claire, was carved out of the diocese in 1928 for the counties in the northwestern part of Wisconsin. The Diocese of Wisconsin became the Diocese of Milwaukee in 1886. Over the last few years the membership has declined from 15,000 to 11,000. Nashotah House, in", "id": "2071176" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson\n\n\nThe Diocese of Paterson is a diocese of the Roman Rite of the Latin Catholic Church in the United States, which includes three counties in northern New Jersey: Passaic, Morris, and Sussex. The city of Paterson, third-largest in the state of New Jersey, was chosen as the episcopal see, even though the vast majority of diocesan territory lies west of the city. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Newark, and is part of Region III of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. The", "id": "14672461" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay () was established on March 3, 1868, by Pope Pius IX. It covers the city of Green Bay, as well as Brown, Calumet, Door, Florence, Forest, Kewaunee, Langlade, Manitowoc, Marinette, Menominee, Oconto, Outagamie, Shawano, Waupaca, Waushara and Winnebago counties in Wisconsin. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The earliest trace of the Catholic faith in the Green Bay area was in 1634. Jesuits followed Jean Nicolet to", "id": "9417148" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering the parishes of northern Louisiana, and a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. Its bishop is part of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and belongs to Conference Region V (which includes Alabama, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee). Its mother church is the Cathedral of Saint John Berchmans, in Shreveport. The Diocese of Shreveport was canonically erected on June 16, 1986 when Pope John Paul II split the former Diocese of", "id": "18926928" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids () is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in western Michigan, in the United States. It comprises 102 churches in 11 counties in West Michigan. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Detroit. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of Saint Andrew. On April 18, 2013, Pope Francis accepted Bishop Walter A. Hurley's resignation and appointed the Rev. David J. Walkowiak to be the twelfth Bishop of Grand Rapids. The diocese was created from territory taken from", "id": "221824" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Suacia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Svač (, , ) was a bishopric with see in the town of Svač (Latinized as Suacia), which is today the village lying to the east of Ulcinj in Montenegro that is called in Serbian Шас, in Croat Šas and in Albanian Shas. The area was part of the late Roman province of Dalmatia Superior, and the Catholic Church, which includes the diocese in its list of Latin titular sees, accordingly treats it as a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Doclea. The diocese of Svač (", "id": "4011385" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck () is a Roman Catholic diocese in North Dakota. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop David Kagan. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Bismarck. The Cathedral parish of the diocese is Cathedral of the Holy Spirit. On December 31, 1909 Saint Pius X established the Diocese of Bismarck. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Fargo. The list of bishops of the diocese and their terms of service", "id": "18993019" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fiesole\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fiesole () is a Roman Catholic diocese in Tuscany, central Italy, whose episcopal see is the city of Fiesole. Fiesole was directly subject to the pope until 1420, when the archdiocese of Florence was created and Fiesole was made one of its suffragan bishops. It is still a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Florence. According to local legend the Gospel was first preached at Fiesole by Messius Romulus, said to have been a disciple of St. Peter. Documentary evidence, however, is from the 9th and", "id": "3288239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangalore\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Bangalore () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in India. It was erected as the Diocese of Bangalore on 13 February 1940 by Pope Pius XII, and elevated to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese on 19 September 1953, with the suffragan sees of Belgaum, Bellary, Chikmagalur, Gulbarga, Karwar, Mangalore, Udupi, Mysore, and Shimoga. The archdiocese's mother church and thus seat of its archbishop is the St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral; Bangalore also houses", "id": "9571833" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City () is a Roman Catholic diocese in western South Dakota, United States. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Robert Dwayne Gruss. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Rapid City. The Cathedral parish is the Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. On August 6, 1902 Saint Pius X established the diocese as the Diocese of Lead. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Sioux Falls. The", "id": "18993239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong is a suffragan Latin Rite diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1951, covering the Illawarra and Southern Highlands regions of New South Wales, Australia. St Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Wollongong is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Wollongong, currently Brian Mascord. On 15 November 1951, Pope Pius XII announced that a new diocese would be created from the two archdioceses of Sydney and Canberra & Goulburn. To be named Wollongong, the diocese was officially established on 11 February 1952.", "id": "21254634" }, { "contents": "Cathedral of Christ the King (Superior, Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Cathedral of Christ the King is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior in Superior, Wisconsin. It was named in honor of Christ the King. The building is located at 1111 Belknap Street in Superior. When the Diocese of Superior was established in 1905 Sacred Heart church, which had been established in the 1880s, was designated the pro-cathedral. Sacred Heart continued in this function until 1926. The cathedral construction project was announced in February 1926 and the groundbreaking occurred on June 23, 1926. Bishop", "id": "2884619" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nsuffragan sees were erected in Indiana and Illinois. In 1843 the Illinois portion of the diocese became the Diocese of Chicago. On 8 January 1857 the northern half of Indiana comprised the Diocese of Fort Wayne. On 28 March 1898 the episcopal diocese was transferred from Vincennes to Indianapolis, and the Diocese of Vincennes became the Diocese of Indianapolis. In 1944 Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese and founded two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The city of Vincennes, the former", "id": "4928244" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary () is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States of America. It was founded on December 17, 1956, by Pope Pius XII. It is one of four suffragan dioceses of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Its ecclesiastic territory includes Lake, Porter, LaPorte, and Starke counties in northwestern Indiana. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of the Holy Angels in Gary, Indiana. During the first half of the 20th century, many Catholic immigrants", "id": "17635414" }, { "contents": "Red Cedar River (Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Red Cedar River in northwestern Wisconsin is a tributary of the Chippewa River. According to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the river flows approximately 100 miles from southwestern Sawyer County to its confluence with the Chippewa southeast of Dunnville in southern Dunn County. It drains portions of eight Wisconsin counties: Barron, Chippewa, Dunn, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn. Important tributaries include the Chetek River and the Hay River. Important settlements along the river's course include Cameron, Rice Lake, Colfax,", "id": "2013455" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\n, he chose Indianapolis, the state capital of Indiana and the largest city in the diocese, as the new seat of the episcopal see. Between 1837 and 1882 seventy-five priests were ordained at St. Francis Xavier, including Michael E. Shawe, the first priest ordained in Indiana. In 1898 the episcopal see was moved to Indianapolis and it became the Diocese of Indianapolis. Bishop Chatard was its first bishop. St. Francis Xavier remained under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Indianapolis from 1898 to 1944, when Pope Pius XII elevated", "id": "1660117" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln () is a Catholic diocese in Nebraska, United States, and comprises the majority of the eastern and central portions of the state south of the Platte River. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Omaha. The episcopal see is in Lincoln, Nebraska. Bishop James D. Conley is the current ordinary of the Diocese. The Cathedral of the Risen Christ is the cathedral parish of the diocese. The diocese was established on August 2, 1887, by Pope Leo XIII from the territory", "id": "18992119" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná () is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Concordia and Gualeguaychú. On 13 June 1859, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of Paraná from the Diocese of Buenos Aires. It lost territory to the Diocese of Santa Fe when it was created in 1897 and the Diocese of Corrientes in 1910. The Diocese of Paraná was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope Pius XI on 20 April 1934. It lost territory two more times when the dioceses of Gualeguaychú (1957) and Concordia (1961", "id": "14584212" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nDiocese of Indianapolis. Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese in 1944, and erected two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The Diocese of Gary, Indiana, was erected in 1956. The Evansville Diocese absorbed the city of Vincennes upon its creation. The first four Bishops of Vincennes resided at the seat of the episcopal diocese in Vincennes. Their remains are buried in the crypt of St. Francis Xavier Basilica, Vincennes. Bishop Chatard, who resided in Indianapolis and also served", "id": "4928227" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kumba\n\n\nThe Diocese of Kumba (Latin: \"Diocesis Kumbana;\" French: \"Diocèse de Kumba\") is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the African country of Cameroon. Headquartered in Kumba, the diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart and its bishop is Agapitus Enuyehnyoh Nfon. The diocese was created on 15 March 2016 by Pope Francis from territory in the Diocese of Buéa, and it is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Bamenda. On 15 March 2016, Pope Francis established the Diocese of Kumba", "id": "4860060" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grass Valley\n\n\nThe Diocese of Grass Valley () now a titular see, was formerly a residential diocese of the Catholic Church located in northeastern California, United States. The diocese also included most of Nevada, and, early in its history, Utah and part of Colorado. The particular church that became the Diocese of Grass Valley was erected in by Pope Pius IX in 1860 as the Vicariate Apostolic of Marysville from territory formerly belonging to the Archdiocese of San Francisco, of which it was a suffragan see. In 1868, the see city", "id": "1681182" }, { "contents": "James Patrick Powers\n\n\nJames Patrick Powers (born February 6, 1953) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church and the eleventh bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin. Powers was born in Baldwin, Wisconsin on February 6, 1953. He graduated from St. Croix Central High School, in Hammond, Wisconsin, and from Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Powers was ordained a priest of the Superior Diocese on May 20, 1990. He served as administrator of the diocese from December 2014 to February 2016,", "id": "11695981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Teggiano-Policastro\n\n\nThe Italian Latin Catholic Diocese of (Diano-)Teggiano-Policastro (), in Campania, has existed since 1850, under its present name since 1986. In that year the Diocese of Diano-Teggiano was united with the diocese of Policastro. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno. Its cathedral episcopal see is the Marian Cattedrale di S. Maria Maggiore e S. Michele Arcangelo, in Teggiano. The current bishop is Antonio De Luca. On 29 September 1850, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of", "id": "18017079" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth is a Latin Church Roman Catholic diocese in England. The episcopal see is in the city of Plymouth, Devon, where the bishop's seat (cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church of St Mary and St Boniface. Erected as the Diocese of Plymouth in 1850 by Pope Pius IX, from the Apostolic Vicariate of the Western District, the diocese has remained jurisdictionally constant since. Since 1965, the diocese has been a suffragan see of the Ecclesiastical Province of Southwark; before then, from", "id": "8307114" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson (, ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the southwestern region of the United States. It is a suffragan see of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santa Fe. The diocese was recently led by its seventh bishop, Most Reverend Gerald Frederick Kicanas, who retired on October 3, 2017. The See city for the diocese is Tucson, Arizona, and its cathedral parish is the St. Augustine. Another church of special interest is the Mission San Xavier del Bac, also", "id": "7747261" }, { "contents": "Diocese of Rochester\n\n\n) were added to Rochester, while all West Kent parishes except those in the Rochester Deanery were transferred to the Diocese of Canterbury. In May 1877, Essex and Hertfordshire became part of the newly created Diocese of St Albans. On 1 August 1877, the Diocese of Rochester gained some northern parts of Surrey from the Diocese of Winchester which were later transferred to the Diocese of Southwark at its creation in 1905. The present diocesan bishop, the Bishop of Rochester, is James Langstaff. The diocese also has a suffragan bishop:", "id": "3447784" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the Ecclesiastical Province of Cincinnati covering 23 counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The episcopal see of the diocese is situated at Columbus. The diocese was erected on March 3, 1868 by Pope Pius IX out of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. On October 21, 1944 the diocese lost territory when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Steubenville. The Catholic faith was brought in the area by the Dominican Order in Somerset. They established St. Joseph's Parish", "id": "6750859" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral (Alexandria, Louisiana)\n\n\n, and the clock was installed in 1908. Because of the newly constructed church and Alexandria's central location, Bishop Cornelius Van de Ven petitioned the Roman Curia to transfer the seat of the diocese from Natchitoches to Alexandria. Pope Pius X created the suffragan Diocese of Alexandria on . St. Francis Xavier Church was elevated to the rank of cathedral of the newly created diocese. The current bishop of Alexandria is Sede Vacante, and the rector of the cathedral is Father James A. Ferguson. The cathedral's rose windows are the largest in", "id": "16556508" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of Ohio. Pope Pius IX erected the diocese April 23, 1847, in territory taken from the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The diocese lost territory in 1910 when Pope Pius X erected the Diocese of Toledo, and in 1943 when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Youngstown. It is currently the 17th-largest diocese in the United States by population, encompassing the counties of Ashland, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Medina,", "id": "6750690" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pavia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Pavia () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It has been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan only since 1817. Previous to the reorganization of the hierarchy in northern Italy by Pope Pius VII after the expulsion of the French and the Congress of Vienna, the diocese of Pavia had depended directly upon the Holy See, despite repeated failed attempts on the part of the Archbishops of Milan to claim control. The diocese has produced one Pope and Patriarch of Venice, and three cardinals. The", "id": "9177548" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza () is an archdiocese located in the city of Fortaleza in Brazil. On June 6, 1854, it was established by Pope Pius IX, as the Diocese of Ceará from the Diocese of Olinda. Formerly a part of the Diocese of Pernambuco, the district was erected into a separate diocese, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Bahia. João Guerino Gomes was named as first bishop but did not accept the appointment. Father Gomes, who was famous in his day both as an orator and as", "id": "5595432" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lansing\n\n\nThe Catholic Diocese of Lansing () is located in Lansing, Michigan. It encompasses an area of including the counties of Clinton, Eaton, Genesee, Hillsdale, Ingham, Jackson, Lenawee, Livingston, Shiawassee and Washtenaw. It is a suffragan diocese of the ecclesiastical province of Detroit. Pope Pius XI created the Diocese of Lansing May 22, 1937 by taking territory from the Archdiocese of Detroit. In July 1971, Pope Paul VI separated territory from the Lansing Diocese and territory from the Diocese of Grand Rapids to form the", "id": "4281991" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza () is in Argentina and is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Neuquén and San Rafael. On 20 April 1934, Pope Pius XI established the Diocese of Mendoza from the Diocese of San Juan de Cuyo. It lost territory to the Diocese of San Rafael when it was created in 1961. At the same time, the Diocese of Mendoza was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope John XXIII on 10 April 1961./small On 5 May 2017, Kosaka Kumiko, a Japanese-Argentinian nun,", "id": "15288343" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City () is the Roman Catholic diocese for the northwestern quarter of the US state of Iowa. The diocese comprises 24 counties in northwestern Iowa, and it covers an area of . The See city for the diocese is Sioux City. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The cathedral parish for this diocese is the Epiphany. R. Walker Nickless was ordained as bishop of Sioux City on 20 January 2006. On 24 July, 1900, Pope Leo XIII issued a papal bull", "id": "394842" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis\n\n\nlater period the church first came into the area with the arrival of missionaries and European settlers. The original see was canonically erected by Pope Pius IX on July 19, 1850 as the Diocese of Saint Paul of Minnesota, a suffragan episcopal see of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis. The Diocese's territory was taken from that of Dubuque, and its authority spread over all of Minnesota Territory, which consisted of the area which now composes the states of Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota and also comprises the modern archdiocese's ecclesiastical", "id": "7457113" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Sherborne\n\n\nThe Bishop of Sherborne is an episcopal title which takes its name from the market town of Sherborne in Dorset, England. The see of Sherborne was established in around 705 by St Aldhelm, the Abbot of Malmesbury. This see was the mother diocese of the greater part of southwestern England in Saxon times, but after the Norman Conquest was incorporated into the new Diocese of Salisbury. The title Bishop of Sherborne is now used by the Church of England for a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Salisbury. In 1925, the title", "id": "4184192" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\nthe episcopal see to the Archdiocese of Indianapolis and established two new suffragan diocese in Indiana: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. On 14 March 1970 Pope Paul VI raised the status of St. Francis Xavier Cathedral to a basilica. The present Greek Revival-style basilica dates from 1826, making it the oldest Catholic church in Indiana. It was built on or near the site of two earlier churches. The first chapel, a crude structure measuring 22 feet by 66 feet, with log posts, mud daub,", "id": "1660118" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Caserta\n\n\nThe Diocese of Caserta () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Campania, southern Italy. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Naples. In 1818 Pope Pius VII united this see with the diocese of Caiazzo, but Pope Pius IX made them separate sees. In 2013 in the diocese of Caserta there was one priest for every 1,703 Catholics. It is not known when Caserta became an episcopal see. The first-known bishop was Ranulfo whose election in 1113 was confirmed by Senne, Archbishop of Capua. \"Erected", "id": "16395150" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia\n\n\nThe Italian Catholic Diocese of Pescia () is in Tuscany. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Pisa. In 1519 Pope Leo X withdrew Pescia from the archdiocese of Lucca, raising it to the dignity of a prelacy nullius; and in 1726 it was made a diocese, suffragan of Pisa. Its first bishop was Bartolommeo Pucci (1728). Others were Francesco Vicenti (1773–1801), and Giulio Serafini. On 25 November 2015, Pope Francis appointed as the new Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia,", "id": "15933634" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur\n\n\nLumpur was dedicated to St John the evangelist in 1883, and would be later known as St. John's Cathedral, the Mother Church of Kuala Lumpur. In 1955, the Diocese of Malacca became a Metropolitan Archdiocese, with the newly formed Diocese of Penang and Diocese of Kuala Lumpur as its suffragan sees. Bishop Dominic Vendargon was appointed as the first Bishop of Kuala Lumpur, and was ordained in the same year. In 1972, the Diocese of Kuala Lumpur was elevated into an Archdiocese, with the suffragan dioceses of Penang and", "id": "14666462" }, { "contents": "WESTconsin Credit Union\n\n\nanyone who lives or works in the Wisconsin counties of Barron, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Dunn, Eau Claire, Jackson, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau or Washburn, or the Minnesota counties of Anoka, Chisago, Dakota, Goodhue, Isanti, Ramsey, Wabasha, and Washington with a $5 deposit in a membership share (savings) account. Presently, \"WEST\"consin Credit Union has five fully operational high school offices that are located in Amery,", "id": "1182556" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zamboanga\n\n\nthe future city of Zamboanga. On January 20, 1933, Pope Pius XI divided Mindanao into two areas. Southern Mindanao including the Sulu Archipelago became under the jurisdiction of Zamboanga. Northern Mindanao became under the Diocese of Cagayan de Oro. In 1951 Cagayan de Oro became an archdiocese, the first in the island of Mindanao. All episcopal jurisdictions in Mindanao and Sulu, including Zamboanga, became suffragans of this archdiocese. The Diocese of Zamboanga was further divided when the Prelature Nullius of Davao was established and separated in 1949; the", "id": "18254813" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiavari\n\n\nThe Diocese of Chiavari () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Liguria, northern Italy. It was created on 3 December 1892 by Pope Leo XIII in the Bull \"Romani Pontifices\". It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Genoa. Chiavari became an episcopal see in 1892, but until 1896 it was administered by Tommaso Reggio, the Archbishop of Genoa, to which diocese it originally belonged, through his Auxiliary Bishop and Vicar General, Fortunato Vinelli, titular bishop of Epiphania (Cilicia, Ottoman Empire). The", "id": "15328930" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of El Paso\n\n\nwest Texas were served by travelling priests in car and horseback. After Pinto's efforts, Catholic parishes began to flourish in El Paso. On 3 March 1914, Pope Pius X established the Diocese of El Paso as a suffragan see of Santa Fe. The diocese covered nearly in West Texas and southern New Mexico and was created from parts of the dioceses of Dallas, San Antonio and Tucson. Jesuit priest Father John J. Brown was appointed bishop of the newly created diocese on 22 January 1915 but resigned before his scheduled consecration.", "id": "18993686" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai (; ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Municipality of Shanghai, China. It was erected on December 13, 1933 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Shanghai by Pope Pius XI, and was later elevated to the rank of a diocese on April 11, 1946 by Pope Pius XII. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Nanking. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is St. Ignatius Cathedral; it also houses a minor basilica in Sheshan", "id": "15983488" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta is a suffragan Latin Church diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1986. The Diocese of Parramatta is an organisation of the Roman Catholic Church, with responsibility for the western suburbs of Sydney and the Blue Mountains, in New South Wales, Australia. St Patrick's Cathedral, Parramatta, is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Parramatta. On 5 May 2016, Pope Francis appointed Vincent Long Van Nguyen OFM Conv to be its fourth bishop. His installation took place on 16 June 2016", "id": "21254601" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Utah\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Utah is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States, encompassing the state of Utah, less that part of the Four Corners region which is in the Navajoland Area Mission. It includes a small part of northern Arizona. In 1867, the Episcopal Church was the first Protestant church organized in Utah. The diocesan offices and cathedral, St. Mark's Cathedral, are in Salt Lake City. The current bishop is Scott B. Hayashi, whose consecration took place on November 6, 2010 and was installed", "id": "17667064" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton is a suffragan see of Archdiocese of Philadelphia, established on March 3, 1868. The seat of the bishop is St. Peter's Cathedral in Scranton, PA. Other cities in the diocese are Wilkes-Barre, Williamsport, Hazleton, Nanticoke, Carbondale, and Pittston. The diocese comprises Lackawanna, Luzerne, Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne, Tioga, Sullivan, Wyoming, Lycoming, Pike, and Monroe counties, all in the northeastern part of Pennsylvania. The area of the diocese is .", "id": "10915059" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the United States. It comprises the territory of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agaña. The diocese was canonically erected on 8 November 1984 by Pope John Paul II. Its territories were taken from the archdiocese based in Guam. The Diocese of Chalan Kanoa is led by a prelate bishop who pastors the mother church, the Our Lady of Mount Carmel Cathedral on Saipan.", "id": "5619001" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Mantua\n\n\nThe Diocese of Mantua () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It was erected in 804, and is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan. The diocese has produced one Pope and (Latin) Patriarch of Constantinople, and two cardinals. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is the Cathedral of S. Pietro Apostolo; Mantua also contains the Basilica of Sant'Andrea. The last Bishop of Mantua iss Gianmarco Busca, appointed by Pope Francis on June 3, 2016. The bishops emeriti are Egidio", "id": "9176744" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kota Kinabalu\n\n\nafter its see. On 31 May 1976 the vicariate was elevated to a full Diocese of Kota Kinabalu, suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kuching. The diocese lost territories twice, to create its present suffragans : On 23 May 2008, the diocese was elevated to Metropolitan Archdiocese, whose ecclesiastical province comprises the above suffragan dioceses, both formerly part of the original territory of the diocese of Kota Kinabalu: the Diocese of Keningau and the Diocese of Sandakan. On 21 June 2010, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Rev.", "id": "11660795" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\nthe diocese in 1850, Pius IX appointed Bishop William Hogarth, Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District, to be the first bishop of the diocese. The Parish Church of Saint Mary, Newcastle upon Tyne, designed by Augustus Welby Pugin, was selected as the seat for the new bishop, gaining cathedral status. In 1924, Pope Pius XI withdrew the old counties of Cumberland and Westmorland to incorporate them into a newly created Diocese of Lancaster. For this reason, the Lancaster diocese still considers St Cuthbert as one of its principal", "id": "6620884" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nof the Diocese of Wisconsin. In 1870, Fond du Lac was the second largest city in Wisconsin. The remaining counties continued as the Diocese of Wisconsin until 1888, when it was renamed the Diocese of Milwaukee. In 1875, after three elections, John Henry Hobart Brown accepted election as first bishop and was consecrated December 15, 1875 at St. John's Episcopal Church, Cohoes, New York. Brown declared the city of Fond du Lac and St. Paul's Church as the episcopal See. The other viable location was Christ", "id": "2071144" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fond du Lac is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, encompassing the northeastern third of Wisconsin. The diocese contains about 5,700 baptized members worshipping in 37 locations. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). Diocesan offices are in Appleton, Wisconsin. The Diocesan Archives are maintained in Grafton Hall behind the Cathedral in Fond du Lac. Matthew Gunter is its bishop. The roots of the Diocese of Fond du Lac begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians, removing from", "id": "2071141" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spiš\n\n\nThe Diocese of Spiš (, ) is a Roman Catholic diocese in northern Slovakia. It covers central and eastern parts of the Žilina Region and western part of the Prešov Region. Its seat is in Spišská Kapitula; the diocese covers an area of 7,802 km² with 583,633 people of which 76.6% are of Catholic faith (2004). The current bishop is Štefan Sečka. The diocese was established on 13 March 1776 as a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Esztergom. In 1804, its metropolitan was changed to the Archdiocese of Eger", "id": "12385676" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Salford\n\n\n-Elizabethan English dioceses of which one of these was the diocese of Salford and went on to take up the reins of part of the former Vicariate Apostolic of the Lancashire District. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but a further development was its assignment under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, to a newly created Province of Liverpool. At the diocese's creation the territory assigned to it was the hundreds of Salford and Blackburn. The diocese currently covers an", "id": "3729210" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering twenty-eight counties in Kansas. Pope Pius XII created the diocese on May 19, 1951. John B. Brungardt was appointed Bishop of Dodge City in December 2010. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City encompasses 23,000-square-miles, and 50 parishes in 28 counties. It was established in 1951 from parts of the Diocese of Wichita, the Diocese of Leavenworth, and the Vicariate Apostolic of the Indian Territory established July 19, 1850. At that", "id": "17635532" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It comprises that part of South Dakota east of the Missouri River. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Paul J. Swain. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Sioux Falls. The cathedral parish is St. Joseph Cathedral. On August 12, 1879 Pope Leo XIII established the Vicariate Apostolic of Dakota from territory taken from the Diocese of", "id": "18993545" } ]

[ { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior () encompasses the city of Superior and the counties of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Lincoln, Oneida, Price, Polk, Rusk, Sawyer, St. Croix, Taylor, Vilas, and Washburn in northern Wisconsin, with an area of . Its episcopal see is Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is its mother church. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The diocese was established on May 3, 1905 by", "id": "9474213" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nPope Pius X. It was created from the northern part of the Diocese of La Crosse and the northwestern part of the Diocese of Green Bay, with Augustine Francis Schinner as the first bishop. Prior to the official founding of the diocese in 1905, there had already been a rich history of Catholicism in the region. Centuries earlier, Catholic missionaries had forged a dynamic presence throughout the Lake Superior region of Wisconsin. The early history of Catholicism in the state of Wisconsin started within the territory that the Diocese of Superior now encompasses,", "id": "9474214" }, { "contents": "List of museums in Wisconsin\n\n\nMarathon, Marquette, Menominee, Milwaukee, Oconto, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan Counties in the north central and northwest area: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Langlade, Lincoln, Oneida, Polk, Price, Rusk, Sawyer, Taylor, Vilas, Washburn South central and southwest area along the Mississippi and Chippewa rivers: Buffalo, Chippewa, Crawford, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Jackson, La Crosse, Pepin, Pierce, St. Croix, Trempealeau, Vernon South", "id": "7014980" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nserved for one year as pastor of St. Hubertus parish at Hubertus, Wisconsin. From 1887 to 1893 he was a member of the faculty of St. Francis Seminary. From 1893 to 1905, he served as chancellor and vicar general of the archdiocese of Milwaukee, appointed by Archbishop Frederick Katzer. The Diocese of Superior was established on May 3, 1905, formed from portions of the Diocese of Green Bay and the Diocese of La Crosse. On May 13, 1905, Pope Pius X appointed Schinner the first Bishop of the newly", "id": "5250913" }, { "contents": "United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin\n\n\nheld at Madison. The district comprises the following counties: Adams, Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Green, Iowa, Iron, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, La Crosse, Lafayette, Lincoln, Marathon, Monroe, Oneida, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Portage, Price, Richland, Rock, Rusk, Sauk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Vilas, Washburn and", "id": "19092884" }, { "contents": "2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin\n\n\na total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark (partial), Douglas, Iron, Langlade (partial), Lincoln, Marathon, Oneida, Polk, Portage, Price, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Washburn and Wood. The district is currently represented by Sean Duffy, a Republican. The PVI of the district is R+8. Duffy is running for reelection. The 8th congressional district includes Green Bay and Appleton. It", "id": "2566179" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nAugustine Francis Schinner (May 1, 1863 – February 7, 1937) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the first Bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin (1905-1913) and first Bishop of the Diocese of Spokane, Washington (1914-1925). Schinner was educated at St. Francis Seminary in Wisconsin, and was ordained to the priesthood on March 7, 1886, by Archbishop Michael Heiss of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee at the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist. He", "id": "5250912" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse\n\n\nthe Workman. The Diocese of La Crosse was established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868, from territory that was taken from what was then the Diocese of Milwaukee. It included the part of Wisconsin lying north and west of the Wisconsin River. Michael Heiss, then head of St. Francis Seminary, Milwaukee, was named the first bishop of the La Crosse episcopal see. On May 3, 1905, the territory of the Dioceses of La Crosse and Green Bay was brought together to form the Diocese of Superior,", "id": "6320305" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nuntil the formation of the Diocese of Lacrosse, and the Diocese of Green Bay, which then served the northern region. Finally, in 1905, the Diocese of Superior was created by Pope Pius X, encompassing 16 counties in northern Wisconsin. The oldest Catholic congregation in the state of Wisconsin (in continuous operation to the present-day) is within the Diocese of Superior. On July 27, 1836, Fr. Frederic Baraga arrived at La Pointe, and immediately set to work, building a log church. Fr.", "id": "9474218" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane\n\n\n, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese. The episcopal see was subsequently moved to Seattle, and the diocese was renamed the Diocese of Seattle in 1907. With a growing population in Spokane and other areas of Eastern Washington, church leadership in Seattle realized that a new diocese needed to be formed, and the Diocese of Spokane was canonically erected by Pope Pius X on December 17, 1913. The diocese's first bishop was Augustine Francis Schinner, the bishop emeritus of the Diocese of", "id": "6861839" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 25\n\n\nThe 25th District of the Wisconsin Senate is located in far north-western Wisconsin, and is currently composed of part or all of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Price, Sawyer, Vilas and Washburn counties. The district area is a mostly rural, and covers more land and more counties than any other district in Wisconsin. Janet Bewley is the senator serving the 25th district. She was elected to a four-year term in 2014. Before serving as a senator, she held an office", "id": "19471671" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nBaraga, like the Jesuit missionaries before him, had success evangelizing the native people. His congregation at La Pointe grew, and also included many early European immigrants, primarily French Fur Traders. In 1838, Fr. Baraga built a larger church at La Pointe, on the spot of the present-day location of \"St. Joseph's Catholic Church\". The first Bishop to serve the Diocese of Superior was Augustine Francis Schinner, who was consecrated as Bishop on July 25, 1905. Bishop Schinner faced many challenges, as", "id": "9474219" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\ncreated diocese. He was ordained a bishop on July 25, 1905. Traveling by train with an entourage of over 60 priests from Milwaukee, he arrived at Ashland, Wisconsin, traveled to the Apostle Islands on a short boat tour, and then continued on to Superior. There were 39 diocesan priests, 17 religious order priests serving 38,861 Catholics in 43 parishes with resident pastors, and 50 missions and 33 stations. For Catholic schools, there was 1 high school, 16 elementary and 2 boarding schools with a total enrollment of", "id": "5250914" }, { "contents": "Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway\n\n\nthe Mississippi River, it lies within parts of eight counties in Wisconsin: Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Pierce, Polk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn; and three in Minnesota: Chisago, Pine, and Washington. The upper St. Croix is a nationally renowned smallmouth bass fishery. Other fish species present in the riverway include walleye, northern pike, sturgeon, muskellunge, and catfish. The Namekagon River upstream of Hayward, Wisconsin is well known for its brown and brook trout fishing. Besides fishing, the riverway", "id": "10086875" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento\n\n\nmother church of the diocese, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament. Originally a major part of the defunct Grass Valley Diocese (which included several counties in northern California and Nevada), the present-day diocese was established by Pope Leo XIII on May 28, 1886. Today, the See of Sacramento remains a ceremonial suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the Dioceses of Honolulu, Las Vegas, Oakland, Reno, Salt Lake City, San Jose, Santa Rosa and Stockton", "id": "4599392" }, { "contents": "Saint Raphael's Cathedral (Madison, Wisconsin)\n\n\nthe state capitol. In 1853, Father Francis Etchmann began constructing the most recent church building. The cornerstone was laid on May 28, 1854 by Bishop John Henni of the Diocese of Milwaukee. He dedicated the new building because the parish was under his jurisdiction at the time. The spire and bells were added in 1885. On January 9, 1946, Pope Pius XII created the Diocese of Madison for an 11-county area in the southwestern part of the state. Territory was taken from the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and the Diocese of", "id": "1920566" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst in Australia\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst (in Australia) is a Latin Church suffragan diocese of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1865, covering the Central West and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia. The Cathedral of St Michael and St John the Baptist is the episcopal see of the Bishop of Bathurst, presently Michael McKenna. The Diocese of Bathurst was erected by Pope Pius IX on 20 June 1865. Prior to this date, the area was considered within the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Sydney, its present", "id": "21254493" }, { "contents": "Joseph Maria Koudelka\n\n\n29, 1907, Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland and he was ordained on February 25, 1908 with a special ministry to the Slavic community. On June 24, 1911 Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. He was ordained as the first auxiliary bishop of Milwaukee on September 4, 1911. On August 6, 1913, Pope Pius X appointed Koudelka the second bishop of the Diocese of Superior. He was installed at the pro-cathedral of Sacred Heart in", "id": "18330746" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nThe Archdiocese of Milwaukee () is a Roman Catholic archdiocese headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the United States. It encompasses the City of Milwaukee, as well as the counties of Dodge, Fond du Lac, Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Walworth, Washington and Waukesha, all located in Wisconsin. The Archdiocese of Milwaukee is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milwaukee, which includes the suffragan dioceses of Green Bay, La Crosse, Madison, and Superior. , Jerome Edward Listecki is the Archbishop", "id": "9546478" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering nineteen counties in northwestern Ohio. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The See city for the diocese is Toledo. The eighth and current Bishop of Toledo is Daniel Edward Thomas. Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Pius X erected the diocese April 15, 1910, in territory taken from the Diocese of Cleveland. The arms of the See of Toledo are based upon", "id": "6750935" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin's 7th congressional district\n\n\nWisconsin's 7th congressional district is a congressional district of the United States House of Representatives in northwestern and central Wisconsin; it is the largest congressional district in the state geographically, covering 20 counties (in whole or part), for a total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, St. Croix, Chippewa (partial), Clark, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Jackson (partial), Juneau (partial), Langlade, Lincoln, Marathon,", "id": "8780919" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez () is located in the northern Mexican city of the same name, across the Río Grande from El Paso, Texas. It is part of the ecclesiastical province of Chihuahua and is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Chihuahua . The Diocese of Ciudad Juárez was erected by Pope Pius XII on 10 April 1957 from the Diocese of Chihuahua because of the population growth in the northern part of the state of Chihuahua. Pope Pius named Manuel Talamás Camandari as the first bishop, and by 1966", "id": "13992785" }, { "contents": "Superior, Wisconsin\n\n\nSuperior come from the Duluth market: Superior is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Francis Xavier Catholic Church, located in the East End of Superior, has been noted for its architecture. Christ Evangelical Lutheran Church is the only congregation of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod located in Superior. It recently moved from its original location on Belknap Street to a new campus on North 28th Street. Pilgrim Lutheran Church is located", "id": "4103054" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi (\"Dioecesis Uromiensis\") in Uromi, Edo State, Nigeria was created on December 14, 2005, when it was split off from the Archdiocese of Benin City. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Benin City. Its first bishop was Augustine Obiora Akubeze (who was named Archbishop of Benin City in March 2011). The St Anthony of Padua church in Uromi was selected to be its cathedral. The canonical erection of the diocese and the episcopal ordination of the bishop took", "id": "2286692" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the northwestern United States, comprising the northern regions of the state of Alaska. It is led by a bishop who serves as pastor of the mother church, Sacred Heart Cathedral in the City of Fairbanks. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Anchorage. The See of Fairbanks was established from the Prefecture Apostolic of Alaska on July 27, 1894, which was created from the Diocese of Vancouver Island. It was", "id": "7747608" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough () is a suffragan Latin diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kingston, Ontario that includes part of the federal Province of Ontario in inland Canada. Its episcopal see is the Cathedral of Saint Peter-in-Chains in Peterborough, Ontario. On March 10, 2017, the Pope named former Hamilton Auxiliary Bishop Daniel J. Miehm as the new Bishop of Peterborough. Established on 25 January 1874 as Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Canada, on territory split off from the Diocese of Kingston", "id": "5387249" }, { "contents": "Catholic Diocese of Guiratinga\n\n\nThe Diocese of Guiratinga (Dioecesis Guiratingensis) was a former ecclesiastical circumscription of the Catholic Church in Brazil, belonging to the Ecclesiastical Province of Cuiabá and the West II Regional Bishops' Council of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil, being a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cuiabá. The episcopal see is the Cathedral St. John the Baptist in the city of Guiratinga in the state of Mato Grosso. The Prelature Registry Araguaia (Territorialis Praelatura Registrensis or Territorialis Praelatura registration Araguaia) was erected on May 12, 1914 by Pope Pius X", "id": "4926427" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America encompassing the northwestern third of Wisconsin. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). The faith community comprises 20 interdependent congregations, mostly small and rural. The see and diocesan offices are in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, with Christ Church Cathedral as the mother church. Christ Church in La Crosse is the largest church in the diocese. The roots of the Diocese of Eau Claire begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians", "id": "2071071" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Motherwell\n\n\nCumbernauld and the area of Auchinloch) and South Lanarkshire. The diocese, along with the Diocese of Paisley, was erected as a Suffragan See by the Apostolic Constitution \"Maxime interest\" on 25 May 1947. The new See took part of the Archdiocese of Glasgow (becoming its Suffragan See) and part of the Diocese of Galloway. At present the diocese is vacant. The most recent Bishop of Motherwell was the Right Reverend Joseph Devine, whose resignation was accepted by Pope Francis on 30 May 2013. On Tuesday 29 April", "id": "3729293" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 28\n\n\nBayfield), Pepin, Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix Counties. The first Senator from the 28th was William Wilson of Menomonie, who served in the 1857 session (the tenth session of the Wisconsin Legislature). The district has also been represented by: As of the redistricting of 1861, the 28th now consisted of Ashland, Burnett, Dallas (later renamed Barron), Douglas, La Pointe (later renamed Bayfield), Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix counties (it was not changed in the redistricting of", "id": "2063122" }, { "contents": "List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Northern Ireland\n\n\nIn the Roman Catholic Church, the entirety of Northern Ireland is comprehended by the ecclesiastical province of Armagh. The eponymous archdiocese and five of its suffragan dioceses cover the area of Northern Ireland. The diocesan and archdiocesan boundaries are not coterminous with the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Only two dioceses are entirely contained within Northern Ireland: Down and Connor and the Diocese of Dromore. Three dioceses and the Archdiocese of Armagh straddle the border. The Archdiocese and its suffragans are all part of the Episcopal conference of Ireland", "id": "14015256" }, { "contents": "Anglican Bishop of Nottingham\n\n\nThe Anglican Bishop of Nottingham was an episcopal title used by a Church of England suffragan bishop. The title took its name after the county town of Nottingham and was first created under the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534. Until 1837, Nottingham had been part of the Diocese of York, when it then became part of the Diocese of Lincoln. With the creation of the Diocese of Southwell in 1884, Nottingham became part of that diocese, but the then- (and final) bishop remained suffragan to Lincoln. Since 2005, Nottingham gives", "id": "20176138" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell () is an ecclesiastical diocese of the Catholic Church in Scotland. The diocese, which was erected on 25 May 1947 by Pope Pius XII from the Archdiocese of Glasgow, along with the Diocese of Paisley which was erected on the same day, remains one of two suffragan sees under the Archdiocese. On Tuesday 29 April 2014 - the Feast of St Catherine of Siena - Pope Francis appointed Joseph Toal as the fifth Bishop of Motherwell. In 2004, the Catholic population, proportionately the largest in", "id": "16456386" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nnative people, and baptized over 1,000 converts. During this time, the region was being overseen by French Catholic leaders in Quebec, which became a diocese in 1674, encompassing all of North America east of the Mississippi River. In 1791, the region was transferred to the Diocese of Baltimore, which was the first Catholic diocese created in the then-newly formed United States. In 1843, the Diocese of Milwaukee was established, and consisted of the entire state of Wisconsin. Northern Wisconsin remained within the Diocese of Milwaukee,", "id": "9474217" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nEpiscopal Diocese of Milwaukee, originally the Diocese of Wisconsin is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America located in the southern area of Wisconsin. It is in Province V (for the Midwest region). The Rt. Reverend Steven Miller is the bishop. The see city is Milwaukee. Cathedral Church of All Saints, Milwaukee is the mother church. The diocese was formed after Jackson Kemper was named the Episcopal Church's first missionary bishop and oversaw the church's mission to the Northwest Territories from 1835 to", "id": "2071175" }, { "contents": "Joseph G. Pinten\n\n\nvicar general, in 1919 purchased dormitory property of Northern Normal College and donated it to the diocese to use as a church with conditions that it be named after Saint Michael and that the new parish build a school. On November 30, 1921, Pope Benedict XV appointed Pinten the third bishop of the Superior Diocese. He was ordained bishop on May 3, 1922 at St. Peter Cathedral with Archbishop Sebastian Messmer of Milwaukee presiding. The next day an enthronement ceremony was held a Sacred Heart pro-cathedral in Superior. After his", "id": "18330981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kansas City–Saint Joseph\n\n\nXIII established the Diocese of Kansas City, with territories taken from the Archdiocese of St. Louis. Its first bishop was John Joseph Hogan. On July 2, 1956, the diocese incorporated part of the territory of the Diocese of Saint Joseph, which had been established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868. On the same date in 1956 part of the Diocese of Kansas City's territory went to establish the Diocese of Jefferson City and the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau. The diocese received its present name and boundaries", "id": "13839607" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Kerry\n\n\nThe Bishop of Kerry is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kerry, one of the suffragan dioceses of the Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly in Ireland. The Episcopal see changed its name from Ardfert and Aghadoe to Kerry on 20 December 1952. The bishop's seat (Cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church Saint Mary, Killarney. The current bishop is the Most Reverend Raymond Browne who was appointed Bishop of Kerry by Pope Francis on 2 May 2013 and received episcopal consecration at St Mary's Cathedral, Killarney on 21", "id": "20835420" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle\n\n\nas a result by 1850 the Diocese of Walla Walla was abandoned and its merged-in territory administered from Oregon City. On May 31, 1850, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese, with Augustin Blanchet as bishop. In January 1851, Augustin Blanchet dedicated St. James Church near Fort Vancouver as the new diocese's cathedral. A new St. James Cathedral was built in Vancouver, Washington in 1885. In 1903 Bishop Edward O'Dea, realizing that Vancouver was no longer the economic and", "id": "6861805" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nthe head of the new diocese, including the need to recruit priests to serve the growing number of parishes throughout the diocese. By the time Bishop Schinner resigned as the bishop of Superior in 1913, he saw the pool of priests grow from 39 diocesan priests in 1905 to 62 in 1913. Today, there are now 105 parishes within the Diocese of Superior. The following is a list of the Roman Catholic Bishops of the Diocese of Superior and their years of service: The Diocese of Superior has a membership of 73,638 Catholics", "id": "9474220" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Northern California. The diocese comprises Alameda and Contra Costa Counties in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Cathedral of Christ the Light serves as the bishop's seat, replacing the Cathedral of Saint Francis de Sales which was demolished after the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989. Once a part of the Archdiocese of San Francisco, the Diocese of Oakland remains a suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the", "id": "4599275" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\ndioceses which did not formally claim any continuity with the pre-Elizabethan English dioceses were created. The Vicariate Apostolic of the Northern District was duly elevated to diocese status as the Diocese of Hexham. On 23 May 1861 the diocese became the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, it was assigned to the newly created Province of Liverpool. The present diocese covers an area of 7,700 km²", "id": "3501975" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\n1859. He became provisional bishop of Wisconsin from 1847 to 1854 and first bishop of the Diocese of Wisconsin from 1854 to 1870. In 1875, the Diocese of Fond du Lac was created to serve the northeastern 26 counties of the state. The Diocese of Eau Claire, was carved out of the diocese in 1928 for the counties in the northwestern part of Wisconsin. The Diocese of Wisconsin became the Diocese of Milwaukee in 1886. Over the last few years the membership has declined from 15,000 to 11,000. Nashotah House, in", "id": "2071176" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson\n\n\nThe Diocese of Paterson is a diocese of the Roman Rite of the Latin Catholic Church in the United States, which includes three counties in northern New Jersey: Passaic, Morris, and Sussex. The city of Paterson, third-largest in the state of New Jersey, was chosen as the episcopal see, even though the vast majority of diocesan territory lies west of the city. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Newark, and is part of Region III of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. The", "id": "14672461" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay () was established on March 3, 1868, by Pope Pius IX. It covers the city of Green Bay, as well as Brown, Calumet, Door, Florence, Forest, Kewaunee, Langlade, Manitowoc, Marinette, Menominee, Oconto, Outagamie, Shawano, Waupaca, Waushara and Winnebago counties in Wisconsin. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The earliest trace of the Catholic faith in the Green Bay area was in 1634. Jesuits followed Jean Nicolet to", "id": "9417148" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering the parishes of northern Louisiana, and a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. Its bishop is part of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and belongs to Conference Region V (which includes Alabama, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee). Its mother church is the Cathedral of Saint John Berchmans, in Shreveport. The Diocese of Shreveport was canonically erected on June 16, 1986 when Pope John Paul II split the former Diocese of", "id": "18926928" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids () is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in western Michigan, in the United States. It comprises 102 churches in 11 counties in West Michigan. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Detroit. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of Saint Andrew. On April 18, 2013, Pope Francis accepted Bishop Walter A. Hurley's resignation and appointed the Rev. David J. Walkowiak to be the twelfth Bishop of Grand Rapids. The diocese was created from territory taken from", "id": "221824" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Suacia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Svač (, , ) was a bishopric with see in the town of Svač (Latinized as Suacia), which is today the village lying to the east of Ulcinj in Montenegro that is called in Serbian Шас, in Croat Šas and in Albanian Shas. The area was part of the late Roman province of Dalmatia Superior, and the Catholic Church, which includes the diocese in its list of Latin titular sees, accordingly treats it as a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Doclea. The diocese of Svač (", "id": "4011385" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck () is a Roman Catholic diocese in North Dakota. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop David Kagan. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Bismarck. The Cathedral parish of the diocese is Cathedral of the Holy Spirit. On December 31, 1909 Saint Pius X established the Diocese of Bismarck. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Fargo. The list of bishops of the diocese and their terms of service", "id": "18993019" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fiesole\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fiesole () is a Roman Catholic diocese in Tuscany, central Italy, whose episcopal see is the city of Fiesole. Fiesole was directly subject to the pope until 1420, when the archdiocese of Florence was created and Fiesole was made one of its suffragan bishops. It is still a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Florence. According to local legend the Gospel was first preached at Fiesole by Messius Romulus, said to have been a disciple of St. Peter. Documentary evidence, however, is from the 9th and", "id": "3288239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangalore\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Bangalore () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in India. It was erected as the Diocese of Bangalore on 13 February 1940 by Pope Pius XII, and elevated to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese on 19 September 1953, with the suffragan sees of Belgaum, Bellary, Chikmagalur, Gulbarga, Karwar, Mangalore, Udupi, Mysore, and Shimoga. The archdiocese's mother church and thus seat of its archbishop is the St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral; Bangalore also houses", "id": "9571833" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City () is a Roman Catholic diocese in western South Dakota, United States. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Robert Dwayne Gruss. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Rapid City. The Cathedral parish is the Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. On August 6, 1902 Saint Pius X established the diocese as the Diocese of Lead. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Sioux Falls. The", "id": "18993239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong is a suffragan Latin Rite diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1951, covering the Illawarra and Southern Highlands regions of New South Wales, Australia. St Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Wollongong is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Wollongong, currently Brian Mascord. On 15 November 1951, Pope Pius XII announced that a new diocese would be created from the two archdioceses of Sydney and Canberra & Goulburn. To be named Wollongong, the diocese was officially established on 11 February 1952.", "id": "21254634" }, { "contents": "Cathedral of Christ the King (Superior, Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Cathedral of Christ the King is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior in Superior, Wisconsin. It was named in honor of Christ the King. The building is located at 1111 Belknap Street in Superior. When the Diocese of Superior was established in 1905 Sacred Heart church, which had been established in the 1880s, was designated the pro-cathedral. Sacred Heart continued in this function until 1926. The cathedral construction project was announced in February 1926 and the groundbreaking occurred on June 23, 1926. Bishop", "id": "2884619" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nsuffragan sees were erected in Indiana and Illinois. In 1843 the Illinois portion of the diocese became the Diocese of Chicago. On 8 January 1857 the northern half of Indiana comprised the Diocese of Fort Wayne. On 28 March 1898 the episcopal diocese was transferred from Vincennes to Indianapolis, and the Diocese of Vincennes became the Diocese of Indianapolis. In 1944 Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese and founded two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The city of Vincennes, the former", "id": "4928244" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary () is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States of America. It was founded on December 17, 1956, by Pope Pius XII. It is one of four suffragan dioceses of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Its ecclesiastic territory includes Lake, Porter, LaPorte, and Starke counties in northwestern Indiana. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of the Holy Angels in Gary, Indiana. During the first half of the 20th century, many Catholic immigrants", "id": "17635414" }, { "contents": "Red Cedar River (Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Red Cedar River in northwestern Wisconsin is a tributary of the Chippewa River. According to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the river flows approximately 100 miles from southwestern Sawyer County to its confluence with the Chippewa southeast of Dunnville in southern Dunn County. It drains portions of eight Wisconsin counties: Barron, Chippewa, Dunn, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn. Important tributaries include the Chetek River and the Hay River. Important settlements along the river's course include Cameron, Rice Lake, Colfax,", "id": "2013455" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\n, he chose Indianapolis, the state capital of Indiana and the largest city in the diocese, as the new seat of the episcopal see. Between 1837 and 1882 seventy-five priests were ordained at St. Francis Xavier, including Michael E. Shawe, the first priest ordained in Indiana. In 1898 the episcopal see was moved to Indianapolis and it became the Diocese of Indianapolis. Bishop Chatard was its first bishop. St. Francis Xavier remained under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Indianapolis from 1898 to 1944, when Pope Pius XII elevated", "id": "1660117" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln () is a Catholic diocese in Nebraska, United States, and comprises the majority of the eastern and central portions of the state south of the Platte River. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Omaha. The episcopal see is in Lincoln, Nebraska. Bishop James D. Conley is the current ordinary of the Diocese. The Cathedral of the Risen Christ is the cathedral parish of the diocese. The diocese was established on August 2, 1887, by Pope Leo XIII from the territory", "id": "18992119" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná () is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Concordia and Gualeguaychú. On 13 June 1859, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of Paraná from the Diocese of Buenos Aires. It lost territory to the Diocese of Santa Fe when it was created in 1897 and the Diocese of Corrientes in 1910. The Diocese of Paraná was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope Pius XI on 20 April 1934. It lost territory two more times when the dioceses of Gualeguaychú (1957) and Concordia (1961", "id": "14584212" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nDiocese of Indianapolis. Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese in 1944, and erected two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The Diocese of Gary, Indiana, was erected in 1956. The Evansville Diocese absorbed the city of Vincennes upon its creation. The first four Bishops of Vincennes resided at the seat of the episcopal diocese in Vincennes. Their remains are buried in the crypt of St. Francis Xavier Basilica, Vincennes. Bishop Chatard, who resided in Indianapolis and also served", "id": "4928227" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kumba\n\n\nThe Diocese of Kumba (Latin: \"Diocesis Kumbana;\" French: \"Diocèse de Kumba\") is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the African country of Cameroon. Headquartered in Kumba, the diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart and its bishop is Agapitus Enuyehnyoh Nfon. The diocese was created on 15 March 2016 by Pope Francis from territory in the Diocese of Buéa, and it is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Bamenda. On 15 March 2016, Pope Francis established the Diocese of Kumba", "id": "4860060" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grass Valley\n\n\nThe Diocese of Grass Valley () now a titular see, was formerly a residential diocese of the Catholic Church located in northeastern California, United States. The diocese also included most of Nevada, and, early in its history, Utah and part of Colorado. The particular church that became the Diocese of Grass Valley was erected in by Pope Pius IX in 1860 as the Vicariate Apostolic of Marysville from territory formerly belonging to the Archdiocese of San Francisco, of which it was a suffragan see. In 1868, the see city", "id": "1681182" }, { "contents": "James Patrick Powers\n\n\nJames Patrick Powers (born February 6, 1953) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church and the eleventh bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin. Powers was born in Baldwin, Wisconsin on February 6, 1953. He graduated from St. Croix Central High School, in Hammond, Wisconsin, and from Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Powers was ordained a priest of the Superior Diocese on May 20, 1990. He served as administrator of the diocese from December 2014 to February 2016,", "id": "11695981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Teggiano-Policastro\n\n\nThe Italian Latin Catholic Diocese of (Diano-)Teggiano-Policastro (), in Campania, has existed since 1850, under its present name since 1986. In that year the Diocese of Diano-Teggiano was united with the diocese of Policastro. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno. Its cathedral episcopal see is the Marian Cattedrale di S. Maria Maggiore e S. Michele Arcangelo, in Teggiano. The current bishop is Antonio De Luca. On 29 September 1850, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of", "id": "18017079" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth is a Latin Church Roman Catholic diocese in England. The episcopal see is in the city of Plymouth, Devon, where the bishop's seat (cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church of St Mary and St Boniface. Erected as the Diocese of Plymouth in 1850 by Pope Pius IX, from the Apostolic Vicariate of the Western District, the diocese has remained jurisdictionally constant since. Since 1965, the diocese has been a suffragan see of the Ecclesiastical Province of Southwark; before then, from", "id": "8307114" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson (, ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the southwestern region of the United States. It is a suffragan see of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santa Fe. The diocese was recently led by its seventh bishop, Most Reverend Gerald Frederick Kicanas, who retired on October 3, 2017. The See city for the diocese is Tucson, Arizona, and its cathedral parish is the St. Augustine. Another church of special interest is the Mission San Xavier del Bac, also", "id": "7747261" }, { "contents": "Diocese of Rochester\n\n\n) were added to Rochester, while all West Kent parishes except those in the Rochester Deanery were transferred to the Diocese of Canterbury. In May 1877, Essex and Hertfordshire became part of the newly created Diocese of St Albans. On 1 August 1877, the Diocese of Rochester gained some northern parts of Surrey from the Diocese of Winchester which were later transferred to the Diocese of Southwark at its creation in 1905. The present diocesan bishop, the Bishop of Rochester, is James Langstaff. The diocese also has a suffragan bishop:", "id": "3447784" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the Ecclesiastical Province of Cincinnati covering 23 counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The episcopal see of the diocese is situated at Columbus. The diocese was erected on March 3, 1868 by Pope Pius IX out of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. On October 21, 1944 the diocese lost territory when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Steubenville. The Catholic faith was brought in the area by the Dominican Order in Somerset. They established St. Joseph's Parish", "id": "6750859" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral (Alexandria, Louisiana)\n\n\n, and the clock was installed in 1908. Because of the newly constructed church and Alexandria's central location, Bishop Cornelius Van de Ven petitioned the Roman Curia to transfer the seat of the diocese from Natchitoches to Alexandria. Pope Pius X created the suffragan Diocese of Alexandria on . St. Francis Xavier Church was elevated to the rank of cathedral of the newly created diocese. The current bishop of Alexandria is Sede Vacante, and the rector of the cathedral is Father James A. Ferguson. The cathedral's rose windows are the largest in", "id": "16556508" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of Ohio. Pope Pius IX erected the diocese April 23, 1847, in territory taken from the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The diocese lost territory in 1910 when Pope Pius X erected the Diocese of Toledo, and in 1943 when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Youngstown. It is currently the 17th-largest diocese in the United States by population, encompassing the counties of Ashland, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Medina,", "id": "6750690" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pavia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Pavia () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It has been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan only since 1817. Previous to the reorganization of the hierarchy in northern Italy by Pope Pius VII after the expulsion of the French and the Congress of Vienna, the diocese of Pavia had depended directly upon the Holy See, despite repeated failed attempts on the part of the Archbishops of Milan to claim control. The diocese has produced one Pope and Patriarch of Venice, and three cardinals. The", "id": "9177548" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza () is an archdiocese located in the city of Fortaleza in Brazil. On June 6, 1854, it was established by Pope Pius IX, as the Diocese of Ceará from the Diocese of Olinda. Formerly a part of the Diocese of Pernambuco, the district was erected into a separate diocese, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Bahia. João Guerino Gomes was named as first bishop but did not accept the appointment. Father Gomes, who was famous in his day both as an orator and as", "id": "5595432" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lansing\n\n\nThe Catholic Diocese of Lansing () is located in Lansing, Michigan. It encompasses an area of including the counties of Clinton, Eaton, Genesee, Hillsdale, Ingham, Jackson, Lenawee, Livingston, Shiawassee and Washtenaw. It is a suffragan diocese of the ecclesiastical province of Detroit. Pope Pius XI created the Diocese of Lansing May 22, 1937 by taking territory from the Archdiocese of Detroit. In July 1971, Pope Paul VI separated territory from the Lansing Diocese and territory from the Diocese of Grand Rapids to form the", "id": "4281991" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza () is in Argentina and is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Neuquén and San Rafael. On 20 April 1934, Pope Pius XI established the Diocese of Mendoza from the Diocese of San Juan de Cuyo. It lost territory to the Diocese of San Rafael when it was created in 1961. At the same time, the Diocese of Mendoza was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope John XXIII on 10 April 1961./small On 5 May 2017, Kosaka Kumiko, a Japanese-Argentinian nun,", "id": "15288343" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City () is the Roman Catholic diocese for the northwestern quarter of the US state of Iowa. The diocese comprises 24 counties in northwestern Iowa, and it covers an area of . The See city for the diocese is Sioux City. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The cathedral parish for this diocese is the Epiphany. R. Walker Nickless was ordained as bishop of Sioux City on 20 January 2006. On 24 July, 1900, Pope Leo XIII issued a papal bull", "id": "394842" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis\n\n\nlater period the church first came into the area with the arrival of missionaries and European settlers. The original see was canonically erected by Pope Pius IX on July 19, 1850 as the Diocese of Saint Paul of Minnesota, a suffragan episcopal see of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis. The Diocese's territory was taken from that of Dubuque, and its authority spread over all of Minnesota Territory, which consisted of the area which now composes the states of Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota and also comprises the modern archdiocese's ecclesiastical", "id": "7457113" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Sherborne\n\n\nThe Bishop of Sherborne is an episcopal title which takes its name from the market town of Sherborne in Dorset, England. The see of Sherborne was established in around 705 by St Aldhelm, the Abbot of Malmesbury. This see was the mother diocese of the greater part of southwestern England in Saxon times, but after the Norman Conquest was incorporated into the new Diocese of Salisbury. The title Bishop of Sherborne is now used by the Church of England for a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Salisbury. In 1925, the title", "id": "4184192" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\nthe episcopal see to the Archdiocese of Indianapolis and established two new suffragan diocese in Indiana: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. On 14 March 1970 Pope Paul VI raised the status of St. Francis Xavier Cathedral to a basilica. The present Greek Revival-style basilica dates from 1826, making it the oldest Catholic church in Indiana. It was built on or near the site of two earlier churches. The first chapel, a crude structure measuring 22 feet by 66 feet, with log posts, mud daub,", "id": "1660118" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Caserta\n\n\nThe Diocese of Caserta () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Campania, southern Italy. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Naples. In 1818 Pope Pius VII united this see with the diocese of Caiazzo, but Pope Pius IX made them separate sees. In 2013 in the diocese of Caserta there was one priest for every 1,703 Catholics. It is not known when Caserta became an episcopal see. The first-known bishop was Ranulfo whose election in 1113 was confirmed by Senne, Archbishop of Capua. \"Erected", "id": "16395150" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia\n\n\nThe Italian Catholic Diocese of Pescia () is in Tuscany. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Pisa. In 1519 Pope Leo X withdrew Pescia from the archdiocese of Lucca, raising it to the dignity of a prelacy nullius; and in 1726 it was made a diocese, suffragan of Pisa. Its first bishop was Bartolommeo Pucci (1728). Others were Francesco Vicenti (1773–1801), and Giulio Serafini. On 25 November 2015, Pope Francis appointed as the new Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia,", "id": "15933634" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur\n\n\nLumpur was dedicated to St John the evangelist in 1883, and would be later known as St. John's Cathedral, the Mother Church of Kuala Lumpur. In 1955, the Diocese of Malacca became a Metropolitan Archdiocese, with the newly formed Diocese of Penang and Diocese of Kuala Lumpur as its suffragan sees. Bishop Dominic Vendargon was appointed as the first Bishop of Kuala Lumpur, and was ordained in the same year. In 1972, the Diocese of Kuala Lumpur was elevated into an Archdiocese, with the suffragan dioceses of Penang and", "id": "14666462" }, { "contents": "WESTconsin Credit Union\n\n\nanyone who lives or works in the Wisconsin counties of Barron, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Dunn, Eau Claire, Jackson, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau or Washburn, or the Minnesota counties of Anoka, Chisago, Dakota, Goodhue, Isanti, Ramsey, Wabasha, and Washington with a $5 deposit in a membership share (savings) account. Presently, \"WEST\"consin Credit Union has five fully operational high school offices that are located in Amery,", "id": "1182556" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zamboanga\n\n\nthe future city of Zamboanga. On January 20, 1933, Pope Pius XI divided Mindanao into two areas. Southern Mindanao including the Sulu Archipelago became under the jurisdiction of Zamboanga. Northern Mindanao became under the Diocese of Cagayan de Oro. In 1951 Cagayan de Oro became an archdiocese, the first in the island of Mindanao. All episcopal jurisdictions in Mindanao and Sulu, including Zamboanga, became suffragans of this archdiocese. The Diocese of Zamboanga was further divided when the Prelature Nullius of Davao was established and separated in 1949; the", "id": "18254813" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiavari\n\n\nThe Diocese of Chiavari () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Liguria, northern Italy. It was created on 3 December 1892 by Pope Leo XIII in the Bull \"Romani Pontifices\". It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Genoa. Chiavari became an episcopal see in 1892, but until 1896 it was administered by Tommaso Reggio, the Archbishop of Genoa, to which diocese it originally belonged, through his Auxiliary Bishop and Vicar General, Fortunato Vinelli, titular bishop of Epiphania (Cilicia, Ottoman Empire). The", "id": "15328930" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of El Paso\n\n\nwest Texas were served by travelling priests in car and horseback. After Pinto's efforts, Catholic parishes began to flourish in El Paso. On 3 March 1914, Pope Pius X established the Diocese of El Paso as a suffragan see of Santa Fe. The diocese covered nearly in West Texas and southern New Mexico and was created from parts of the dioceses of Dallas, San Antonio and Tucson. Jesuit priest Father John J. Brown was appointed bishop of the newly created diocese on 22 January 1915 but resigned before his scheduled consecration.", "id": "18993686" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai (; ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Municipality of Shanghai, China. It was erected on December 13, 1933 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Shanghai by Pope Pius XI, and was later elevated to the rank of a diocese on April 11, 1946 by Pope Pius XII. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Nanking. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is St. Ignatius Cathedral; it also houses a minor basilica in Sheshan", "id": "15983488" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta is a suffragan Latin Church diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1986. The Diocese of Parramatta is an organisation of the Roman Catholic Church, with responsibility for the western suburbs of Sydney and the Blue Mountains, in New South Wales, Australia. St Patrick's Cathedral, Parramatta, is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Parramatta. On 5 May 2016, Pope Francis appointed Vincent Long Van Nguyen OFM Conv to be its fourth bishop. His installation took place on 16 June 2016", "id": "21254601" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Utah\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Utah is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States, encompassing the state of Utah, less that part of the Four Corners region which is in the Navajoland Area Mission. It includes a small part of northern Arizona. In 1867, the Episcopal Church was the first Protestant church organized in Utah. The diocesan offices and cathedral, St. Mark's Cathedral, are in Salt Lake City. The current bishop is Scott B. Hayashi, whose consecration took place on November 6, 2010 and was installed", "id": "17667064" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton is a suffragan see of Archdiocese of Philadelphia, established on March 3, 1868. The seat of the bishop is St. Peter's Cathedral in Scranton, PA. Other cities in the diocese are Wilkes-Barre, Williamsport, Hazleton, Nanticoke, Carbondale, and Pittston. The diocese comprises Lackawanna, Luzerne, Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne, Tioga, Sullivan, Wyoming, Lycoming, Pike, and Monroe counties, all in the northeastern part of Pennsylvania. The area of the diocese is .", "id": "10915059" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the United States. It comprises the territory of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agaña. The diocese was canonically erected on 8 November 1984 by Pope John Paul II. Its territories were taken from the archdiocese based in Guam. The Diocese of Chalan Kanoa is led by a prelate bishop who pastors the mother church, the Our Lady of Mount Carmel Cathedral on Saipan.", "id": "5619001" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Mantua\n\n\nThe Diocese of Mantua () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It was erected in 804, and is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan. The diocese has produced one Pope and (Latin) Patriarch of Constantinople, and two cardinals. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is the Cathedral of S. Pietro Apostolo; Mantua also contains the Basilica of Sant'Andrea. The last Bishop of Mantua iss Gianmarco Busca, appointed by Pope Francis on June 3, 2016. The bishops emeriti are Egidio", "id": "9176744" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kota Kinabalu\n\n\nafter its see. On 31 May 1976 the vicariate was elevated to a full Diocese of Kota Kinabalu, suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kuching. The diocese lost territories twice, to create its present suffragans : On 23 May 2008, the diocese was elevated to Metropolitan Archdiocese, whose ecclesiastical province comprises the above suffragan dioceses, both formerly part of the original territory of the diocese of Kota Kinabalu: the Diocese of Keningau and the Diocese of Sandakan. On 21 June 2010, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Rev.", "id": "11660795" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\nthe diocese in 1850, Pius IX appointed Bishop William Hogarth, Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District, to be the first bishop of the diocese. The Parish Church of Saint Mary, Newcastle upon Tyne, designed by Augustus Welby Pugin, was selected as the seat for the new bishop, gaining cathedral status. In 1924, Pope Pius XI withdrew the old counties of Cumberland and Westmorland to incorporate them into a newly created Diocese of Lancaster. For this reason, the Lancaster diocese still considers St Cuthbert as one of its principal", "id": "6620884" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nof the Diocese of Wisconsin. In 1870, Fond du Lac was the second largest city in Wisconsin. The remaining counties continued as the Diocese of Wisconsin until 1888, when it was renamed the Diocese of Milwaukee. In 1875, after three elections, John Henry Hobart Brown accepted election as first bishop and was consecrated December 15, 1875 at St. John's Episcopal Church, Cohoes, New York. Brown declared the city of Fond du Lac and St. Paul's Church as the episcopal See. The other viable location was Christ", "id": "2071144" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fond du Lac is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, encompassing the northeastern third of Wisconsin. The diocese contains about 5,700 baptized members worshipping in 37 locations. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). Diocesan offices are in Appleton, Wisconsin. The Diocesan Archives are maintained in Grafton Hall behind the Cathedral in Fond du Lac. Matthew Gunter is its bishop. The roots of the Diocese of Fond du Lac begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians, removing from", "id": "2071141" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spiš\n\n\nThe Diocese of Spiš (, ) is a Roman Catholic diocese in northern Slovakia. It covers central and eastern parts of the Žilina Region and western part of the Prešov Region. Its seat is in Spišská Kapitula; the diocese covers an area of 7,802 km² with 583,633 people of which 76.6% are of Catholic faith (2004). The current bishop is Štefan Sečka. The diocese was established on 13 March 1776 as a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Esztergom. In 1804, its metropolitan was changed to the Archdiocese of Eger", "id": "12385676" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Salford\n\n\n-Elizabethan English dioceses of which one of these was the diocese of Salford and went on to take up the reins of part of the former Vicariate Apostolic of the Lancashire District. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but a further development was its assignment under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, to a newly created Province of Liverpool. At the diocese's creation the territory assigned to it was the hundreds of Salford and Blackburn. The diocese currently covers an", "id": "3729210" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering twenty-eight counties in Kansas. Pope Pius XII created the diocese on May 19, 1951. John B. Brungardt was appointed Bishop of Dodge City in December 2010. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City encompasses 23,000-square-miles, and 50 parishes in 28 counties. It was established in 1951 from parts of the Diocese of Wichita, the Diocese of Leavenworth, and the Vicariate Apostolic of the Indian Territory established July 19, 1850. At that", "id": "17635532" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It comprises that part of South Dakota east of the Missouri River. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Paul J. Swain. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Sioux Falls. The cathedral parish is St. Joseph Cathedral. On August 12, 1879 Pope Leo XIII established the Vicariate Apostolic of Dakota from territory taken from the Diocese of", "id": "18993545" } ]

[ { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior () encompasses the city of Superior and the counties of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Lincoln, Oneida, Price, Polk, Rusk, Sawyer, St. Croix, Taylor, Vilas, and Washburn in northern Wisconsin, with an area of . Its episcopal see is Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is its mother church. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The diocese was established on May 3, 1905 by", "id": "9474213" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nPope Pius X. It was created from the northern part of the Diocese of La Crosse and the northwestern part of the Diocese of Green Bay, with Augustine Francis Schinner as the first bishop. Prior to the official founding of the diocese in 1905, there had already been a rich history of Catholicism in the region. Centuries earlier, Catholic missionaries had forged a dynamic presence throughout the Lake Superior region of Wisconsin. The early history of Catholicism in the state of Wisconsin started within the territory that the Diocese of Superior now encompasses,", "id": "9474214" }, { "contents": "List of museums in Wisconsin\n\n\nMarathon, Marquette, Menominee, Milwaukee, Oconto, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan Counties in the north central and northwest area: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Langlade, Lincoln, Oneida, Polk, Price, Rusk, Sawyer, Taylor, Vilas, Washburn South central and southwest area along the Mississippi and Chippewa rivers: Buffalo, Chippewa, Crawford, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Jackson, La Crosse, Pepin, Pierce, St. Croix, Trempealeau, Vernon South", "id": "7014980" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nserved for one year as pastor of St. Hubertus parish at Hubertus, Wisconsin. From 1887 to 1893 he was a member of the faculty of St. Francis Seminary. From 1893 to 1905, he served as chancellor and vicar general of the archdiocese of Milwaukee, appointed by Archbishop Frederick Katzer. The Diocese of Superior was established on May 3, 1905, formed from portions of the Diocese of Green Bay and the Diocese of La Crosse. On May 13, 1905, Pope Pius X appointed Schinner the first Bishop of the newly", "id": "5250913" }, { "contents": "United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin\n\n\nheld at Madison. The district comprises the following counties: Adams, Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Green, Iowa, Iron, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, La Crosse, Lafayette, Lincoln, Marathon, Monroe, Oneida, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Portage, Price, Richland, Rock, Rusk, Sauk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Vilas, Washburn and", "id": "19092884" }, { "contents": "2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin\n\n\na total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark (partial), Douglas, Iron, Langlade (partial), Lincoln, Marathon, Oneida, Polk, Portage, Price, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Washburn and Wood. The district is currently represented by Sean Duffy, a Republican. The PVI of the district is R+8. Duffy is running for reelection. The 8th congressional district includes Green Bay and Appleton. It", "id": "2566179" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nAugustine Francis Schinner (May 1, 1863 – February 7, 1937) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the first Bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin (1905-1913) and first Bishop of the Diocese of Spokane, Washington (1914-1925). Schinner was educated at St. Francis Seminary in Wisconsin, and was ordained to the priesthood on March 7, 1886, by Archbishop Michael Heiss of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee at the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist. He", "id": "5250912" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse\n\n\nthe Workman. The Diocese of La Crosse was established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868, from territory that was taken from what was then the Diocese of Milwaukee. It included the part of Wisconsin lying north and west of the Wisconsin River. Michael Heiss, then head of St. Francis Seminary, Milwaukee, was named the first bishop of the La Crosse episcopal see. On May 3, 1905, the territory of the Dioceses of La Crosse and Green Bay was brought together to form the Diocese of Superior,", "id": "6320305" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nuntil the formation of the Diocese of Lacrosse, and the Diocese of Green Bay, which then served the northern region. Finally, in 1905, the Diocese of Superior was created by Pope Pius X, encompassing 16 counties in northern Wisconsin. The oldest Catholic congregation in the state of Wisconsin (in continuous operation to the present-day) is within the Diocese of Superior. On July 27, 1836, Fr. Frederic Baraga arrived at La Pointe, and immediately set to work, building a log church. Fr.", "id": "9474218" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane\n\n\n, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese. The episcopal see was subsequently moved to Seattle, and the diocese was renamed the Diocese of Seattle in 1907. With a growing population in Spokane and other areas of Eastern Washington, church leadership in Seattle realized that a new diocese needed to be formed, and the Diocese of Spokane was canonically erected by Pope Pius X on December 17, 1913. The diocese's first bishop was Augustine Francis Schinner, the bishop emeritus of the Diocese of", "id": "6861839" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 25\n\n\nThe 25th District of the Wisconsin Senate is located in far north-western Wisconsin, and is currently composed of part or all of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Price, Sawyer, Vilas and Washburn counties. The district area is a mostly rural, and covers more land and more counties than any other district in Wisconsin. Janet Bewley is the senator serving the 25th district. She was elected to a four-year term in 2014. Before serving as a senator, she held an office", "id": "19471671" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nBaraga, like the Jesuit missionaries before him, had success evangelizing the native people. His congregation at La Pointe grew, and also included many early European immigrants, primarily French Fur Traders. In 1838, Fr. Baraga built a larger church at La Pointe, on the spot of the present-day location of \"St. Joseph's Catholic Church\". The first Bishop to serve the Diocese of Superior was Augustine Francis Schinner, who was consecrated as Bishop on July 25, 1905. Bishop Schinner faced many challenges, as", "id": "9474219" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\ncreated diocese. He was ordained a bishop on July 25, 1905. Traveling by train with an entourage of over 60 priests from Milwaukee, he arrived at Ashland, Wisconsin, traveled to the Apostle Islands on a short boat tour, and then continued on to Superior. There were 39 diocesan priests, 17 religious order priests serving 38,861 Catholics in 43 parishes with resident pastors, and 50 missions and 33 stations. For Catholic schools, there was 1 high school, 16 elementary and 2 boarding schools with a total enrollment of", "id": "5250914" }, { "contents": "Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway\n\n\nthe Mississippi River, it lies within parts of eight counties in Wisconsin: Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Pierce, Polk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn; and three in Minnesota: Chisago, Pine, and Washington. The upper St. Croix is a nationally renowned smallmouth bass fishery. Other fish species present in the riverway include walleye, northern pike, sturgeon, muskellunge, and catfish. The Namekagon River upstream of Hayward, Wisconsin is well known for its brown and brook trout fishing. Besides fishing, the riverway", "id": "10086875" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento\n\n\nmother church of the diocese, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament. Originally a major part of the defunct Grass Valley Diocese (which included several counties in northern California and Nevada), the present-day diocese was established by Pope Leo XIII on May 28, 1886. Today, the See of Sacramento remains a ceremonial suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the Dioceses of Honolulu, Las Vegas, Oakland, Reno, Salt Lake City, San Jose, Santa Rosa and Stockton", "id": "4599392" }, { "contents": "Saint Raphael's Cathedral (Madison, Wisconsin)\n\n\nthe state capitol. In 1853, Father Francis Etchmann began constructing the most recent church building. The cornerstone was laid on May 28, 1854 by Bishop John Henni of the Diocese of Milwaukee. He dedicated the new building because the parish was under his jurisdiction at the time. The spire and bells were added in 1885. On January 9, 1946, Pope Pius XII created the Diocese of Madison for an 11-county area in the southwestern part of the state. Territory was taken from the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and the Diocese of", "id": "1920566" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst in Australia\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst (in Australia) is a Latin Church suffragan diocese of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1865, covering the Central West and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia. The Cathedral of St Michael and St John the Baptist is the episcopal see of the Bishop of Bathurst, presently Michael McKenna. The Diocese of Bathurst was erected by Pope Pius IX on 20 June 1865. Prior to this date, the area was considered within the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Sydney, its present", "id": "21254493" }, { "contents": "Joseph Maria Koudelka\n\n\n29, 1907, Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland and he was ordained on February 25, 1908 with a special ministry to the Slavic community. On June 24, 1911 Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. He was ordained as the first auxiliary bishop of Milwaukee on September 4, 1911. On August 6, 1913, Pope Pius X appointed Koudelka the second bishop of the Diocese of Superior. He was installed at the pro-cathedral of Sacred Heart in", "id": "18330746" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nThe Archdiocese of Milwaukee () is a Roman Catholic archdiocese headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the United States. It encompasses the City of Milwaukee, as well as the counties of Dodge, Fond du Lac, Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Walworth, Washington and Waukesha, all located in Wisconsin. The Archdiocese of Milwaukee is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milwaukee, which includes the suffragan dioceses of Green Bay, La Crosse, Madison, and Superior. , Jerome Edward Listecki is the Archbishop", "id": "9546478" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering nineteen counties in northwestern Ohio. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The See city for the diocese is Toledo. The eighth and current Bishop of Toledo is Daniel Edward Thomas. Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Pius X erected the diocese April 15, 1910, in territory taken from the Diocese of Cleveland. The arms of the See of Toledo are based upon", "id": "6750935" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin's 7th congressional district\n\n\nWisconsin's 7th congressional district is a congressional district of the United States House of Representatives in northwestern and central Wisconsin; it is the largest congressional district in the state geographically, covering 20 counties (in whole or part), for a total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, St. Croix, Chippewa (partial), Clark, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Jackson (partial), Juneau (partial), Langlade, Lincoln, Marathon,", "id": "8780919" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez () is located in the northern Mexican city of the same name, across the Río Grande from El Paso, Texas. It is part of the ecclesiastical province of Chihuahua and is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Chihuahua . The Diocese of Ciudad Juárez was erected by Pope Pius XII on 10 April 1957 from the Diocese of Chihuahua because of the population growth in the northern part of the state of Chihuahua. Pope Pius named Manuel Talamás Camandari as the first bishop, and by 1966", "id": "13992785" }, { "contents": "Superior, Wisconsin\n\n\nSuperior come from the Duluth market: Superior is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Francis Xavier Catholic Church, located in the East End of Superior, has been noted for its architecture. Christ Evangelical Lutheran Church is the only congregation of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod located in Superior. It recently moved from its original location on Belknap Street to a new campus on North 28th Street. Pilgrim Lutheran Church is located", "id": "4103054" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi (\"Dioecesis Uromiensis\") in Uromi, Edo State, Nigeria was created on December 14, 2005, when it was split off from the Archdiocese of Benin City. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Benin City. Its first bishop was Augustine Obiora Akubeze (who was named Archbishop of Benin City in March 2011). The St Anthony of Padua church in Uromi was selected to be its cathedral. The canonical erection of the diocese and the episcopal ordination of the bishop took", "id": "2286692" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the northwestern United States, comprising the northern regions of the state of Alaska. It is led by a bishop who serves as pastor of the mother church, Sacred Heart Cathedral in the City of Fairbanks. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Anchorage. The See of Fairbanks was established from the Prefecture Apostolic of Alaska on July 27, 1894, which was created from the Diocese of Vancouver Island. It was", "id": "7747608" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough () is a suffragan Latin diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kingston, Ontario that includes part of the federal Province of Ontario in inland Canada. Its episcopal see is the Cathedral of Saint Peter-in-Chains in Peterborough, Ontario. On March 10, 2017, the Pope named former Hamilton Auxiliary Bishop Daniel J. Miehm as the new Bishop of Peterborough. Established on 25 January 1874 as Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Canada, on territory split off from the Diocese of Kingston", "id": "5387249" }, { "contents": "Catholic Diocese of Guiratinga\n\n\nThe Diocese of Guiratinga (Dioecesis Guiratingensis) was a former ecclesiastical circumscription of the Catholic Church in Brazil, belonging to the Ecclesiastical Province of Cuiabá and the West II Regional Bishops' Council of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil, being a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cuiabá. The episcopal see is the Cathedral St. John the Baptist in the city of Guiratinga in the state of Mato Grosso. The Prelature Registry Araguaia (Territorialis Praelatura Registrensis or Territorialis Praelatura registration Araguaia) was erected on May 12, 1914 by Pope Pius X", "id": "4926427" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America encompassing the northwestern third of Wisconsin. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). The faith community comprises 20 interdependent congregations, mostly small and rural. The see and diocesan offices are in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, with Christ Church Cathedral as the mother church. Christ Church in La Crosse is the largest church in the diocese. The roots of the Diocese of Eau Claire begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians", "id": "2071071" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Motherwell\n\n\nCumbernauld and the area of Auchinloch) and South Lanarkshire. The diocese, along with the Diocese of Paisley, was erected as a Suffragan See by the Apostolic Constitution \"Maxime interest\" on 25 May 1947. The new See took part of the Archdiocese of Glasgow (becoming its Suffragan See) and part of the Diocese of Galloway. At present the diocese is vacant. The most recent Bishop of Motherwell was the Right Reverend Joseph Devine, whose resignation was accepted by Pope Francis on 30 May 2013. On Tuesday 29 April", "id": "3729293" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 28\n\n\nBayfield), Pepin, Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix Counties. The first Senator from the 28th was William Wilson of Menomonie, who served in the 1857 session (the tenth session of the Wisconsin Legislature). The district has also been represented by: As of the redistricting of 1861, the 28th now consisted of Ashland, Burnett, Dallas (later renamed Barron), Douglas, La Pointe (later renamed Bayfield), Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix counties (it was not changed in the redistricting of", "id": "2063122" }, { "contents": "List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Northern Ireland\n\n\nIn the Roman Catholic Church, the entirety of Northern Ireland is comprehended by the ecclesiastical province of Armagh. The eponymous archdiocese and five of its suffragan dioceses cover the area of Northern Ireland. The diocesan and archdiocesan boundaries are not coterminous with the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Only two dioceses are entirely contained within Northern Ireland: Down and Connor and the Diocese of Dromore. Three dioceses and the Archdiocese of Armagh straddle the border. The Archdiocese and its suffragans are all part of the Episcopal conference of Ireland", "id": "14015256" }, { "contents": "Anglican Bishop of Nottingham\n\n\nThe Anglican Bishop of Nottingham was an episcopal title used by a Church of England suffragan bishop. The title took its name after the county town of Nottingham and was first created under the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534. Until 1837, Nottingham had been part of the Diocese of York, when it then became part of the Diocese of Lincoln. With the creation of the Diocese of Southwell in 1884, Nottingham became part of that diocese, but the then- (and final) bishop remained suffragan to Lincoln. Since 2005, Nottingham gives", "id": "20176138" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell () is an ecclesiastical diocese of the Catholic Church in Scotland. The diocese, which was erected on 25 May 1947 by Pope Pius XII from the Archdiocese of Glasgow, along with the Diocese of Paisley which was erected on the same day, remains one of two suffragan sees under the Archdiocese. On Tuesday 29 April 2014 - the Feast of St Catherine of Siena - Pope Francis appointed Joseph Toal as the fifth Bishop of Motherwell. In 2004, the Catholic population, proportionately the largest in", "id": "16456386" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nnative people, and baptized over 1,000 converts. During this time, the region was being overseen by French Catholic leaders in Quebec, which became a diocese in 1674, encompassing all of North America east of the Mississippi River. In 1791, the region was transferred to the Diocese of Baltimore, which was the first Catholic diocese created in the then-newly formed United States. In 1843, the Diocese of Milwaukee was established, and consisted of the entire state of Wisconsin. Northern Wisconsin remained within the Diocese of Milwaukee,", "id": "9474217" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nEpiscopal Diocese of Milwaukee, originally the Diocese of Wisconsin is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America located in the southern area of Wisconsin. It is in Province V (for the Midwest region). The Rt. Reverend Steven Miller is the bishop. The see city is Milwaukee. Cathedral Church of All Saints, Milwaukee is the mother church. The diocese was formed after Jackson Kemper was named the Episcopal Church's first missionary bishop and oversaw the church's mission to the Northwest Territories from 1835 to", "id": "2071175" }, { "contents": "Joseph G. Pinten\n\n\nvicar general, in 1919 purchased dormitory property of Northern Normal College and donated it to the diocese to use as a church with conditions that it be named after Saint Michael and that the new parish build a school. On November 30, 1921, Pope Benedict XV appointed Pinten the third bishop of the Superior Diocese. He was ordained bishop on May 3, 1922 at St. Peter Cathedral with Archbishop Sebastian Messmer of Milwaukee presiding. The next day an enthronement ceremony was held a Sacred Heart pro-cathedral in Superior. After his", "id": "18330981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kansas City–Saint Joseph\n\n\nXIII established the Diocese of Kansas City, with territories taken from the Archdiocese of St. Louis. Its first bishop was John Joseph Hogan. On July 2, 1956, the diocese incorporated part of the territory of the Diocese of Saint Joseph, which had been established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868. On the same date in 1956 part of the Diocese of Kansas City's territory went to establish the Diocese of Jefferson City and the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau. The diocese received its present name and boundaries", "id": "13839607" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Kerry\n\n\nThe Bishop of Kerry is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kerry, one of the suffragan dioceses of the Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly in Ireland. The Episcopal see changed its name from Ardfert and Aghadoe to Kerry on 20 December 1952. The bishop's seat (Cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church Saint Mary, Killarney. The current bishop is the Most Reverend Raymond Browne who was appointed Bishop of Kerry by Pope Francis on 2 May 2013 and received episcopal consecration at St Mary's Cathedral, Killarney on 21", "id": "20835420" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle\n\n\nas a result by 1850 the Diocese of Walla Walla was abandoned and its merged-in territory administered from Oregon City. On May 31, 1850, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese, with Augustin Blanchet as bishop. In January 1851, Augustin Blanchet dedicated St. James Church near Fort Vancouver as the new diocese's cathedral. A new St. James Cathedral was built in Vancouver, Washington in 1885. In 1903 Bishop Edward O'Dea, realizing that Vancouver was no longer the economic and", "id": "6861805" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nthe head of the new diocese, including the need to recruit priests to serve the growing number of parishes throughout the diocese. By the time Bishop Schinner resigned as the bishop of Superior in 1913, he saw the pool of priests grow from 39 diocesan priests in 1905 to 62 in 1913. Today, there are now 105 parishes within the Diocese of Superior. The following is a list of the Roman Catholic Bishops of the Diocese of Superior and their years of service: The Diocese of Superior has a membership of 73,638 Catholics", "id": "9474220" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Northern California. The diocese comprises Alameda and Contra Costa Counties in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Cathedral of Christ the Light serves as the bishop's seat, replacing the Cathedral of Saint Francis de Sales which was demolished after the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989. Once a part of the Archdiocese of San Francisco, the Diocese of Oakland remains a suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the", "id": "4599275" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\ndioceses which did not formally claim any continuity with the pre-Elizabethan English dioceses were created. The Vicariate Apostolic of the Northern District was duly elevated to diocese status as the Diocese of Hexham. On 23 May 1861 the diocese became the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, it was assigned to the newly created Province of Liverpool. The present diocese covers an area of 7,700 km²", "id": "3501975" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\n1859. He became provisional bishop of Wisconsin from 1847 to 1854 and first bishop of the Diocese of Wisconsin from 1854 to 1870. In 1875, the Diocese of Fond du Lac was created to serve the northeastern 26 counties of the state. The Diocese of Eau Claire, was carved out of the diocese in 1928 for the counties in the northwestern part of Wisconsin. The Diocese of Wisconsin became the Diocese of Milwaukee in 1886. Over the last few years the membership has declined from 15,000 to 11,000. Nashotah House, in", "id": "2071176" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson\n\n\nThe Diocese of Paterson is a diocese of the Roman Rite of the Latin Catholic Church in the United States, which includes three counties in northern New Jersey: Passaic, Morris, and Sussex. The city of Paterson, third-largest in the state of New Jersey, was chosen as the episcopal see, even though the vast majority of diocesan territory lies west of the city. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Newark, and is part of Region III of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. The", "id": "14672461" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay () was established on March 3, 1868, by Pope Pius IX. It covers the city of Green Bay, as well as Brown, Calumet, Door, Florence, Forest, Kewaunee, Langlade, Manitowoc, Marinette, Menominee, Oconto, Outagamie, Shawano, Waupaca, Waushara and Winnebago counties in Wisconsin. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The earliest trace of the Catholic faith in the Green Bay area was in 1634. Jesuits followed Jean Nicolet to", "id": "9417148" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering the parishes of northern Louisiana, and a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. Its bishop is part of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and belongs to Conference Region V (which includes Alabama, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee). Its mother church is the Cathedral of Saint John Berchmans, in Shreveport. The Diocese of Shreveport was canonically erected on June 16, 1986 when Pope John Paul II split the former Diocese of", "id": "18926928" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids () is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in western Michigan, in the United States. It comprises 102 churches in 11 counties in West Michigan. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Detroit. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of Saint Andrew. On April 18, 2013, Pope Francis accepted Bishop Walter A. Hurley's resignation and appointed the Rev. David J. Walkowiak to be the twelfth Bishop of Grand Rapids. The diocese was created from territory taken from", "id": "221824" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Suacia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Svač (, , ) was a bishopric with see in the town of Svač (Latinized as Suacia), which is today the village lying to the east of Ulcinj in Montenegro that is called in Serbian Шас, in Croat Šas and in Albanian Shas. The area was part of the late Roman province of Dalmatia Superior, and the Catholic Church, which includes the diocese in its list of Latin titular sees, accordingly treats it as a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Doclea. The diocese of Svač (", "id": "4011385" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck () is a Roman Catholic diocese in North Dakota. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop David Kagan. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Bismarck. The Cathedral parish of the diocese is Cathedral of the Holy Spirit. On December 31, 1909 Saint Pius X established the Diocese of Bismarck. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Fargo. The list of bishops of the diocese and their terms of service", "id": "18993019" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fiesole\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fiesole () is a Roman Catholic diocese in Tuscany, central Italy, whose episcopal see is the city of Fiesole. Fiesole was directly subject to the pope until 1420, when the archdiocese of Florence was created and Fiesole was made one of its suffragan bishops. It is still a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Florence. According to local legend the Gospel was first preached at Fiesole by Messius Romulus, said to have been a disciple of St. Peter. Documentary evidence, however, is from the 9th and", "id": "3288239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangalore\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Bangalore () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in India. It was erected as the Diocese of Bangalore on 13 February 1940 by Pope Pius XII, and elevated to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese on 19 September 1953, with the suffragan sees of Belgaum, Bellary, Chikmagalur, Gulbarga, Karwar, Mangalore, Udupi, Mysore, and Shimoga. The archdiocese's mother church and thus seat of its archbishop is the St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral; Bangalore also houses", "id": "9571833" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City () is a Roman Catholic diocese in western South Dakota, United States. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Robert Dwayne Gruss. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Rapid City. The Cathedral parish is the Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. On August 6, 1902 Saint Pius X established the diocese as the Diocese of Lead. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Sioux Falls. The", "id": "18993239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong is a suffragan Latin Rite diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1951, covering the Illawarra and Southern Highlands regions of New South Wales, Australia. St Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Wollongong is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Wollongong, currently Brian Mascord. On 15 November 1951, Pope Pius XII announced that a new diocese would be created from the two archdioceses of Sydney and Canberra & Goulburn. To be named Wollongong, the diocese was officially established on 11 February 1952.", "id": "21254634" }, { "contents": "Cathedral of Christ the King (Superior, Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Cathedral of Christ the King is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior in Superior, Wisconsin. It was named in honor of Christ the King. The building is located at 1111 Belknap Street in Superior. When the Diocese of Superior was established in 1905 Sacred Heart church, which had been established in the 1880s, was designated the pro-cathedral. Sacred Heart continued in this function until 1926. The cathedral construction project was announced in February 1926 and the groundbreaking occurred on June 23, 1926. Bishop", "id": "2884619" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nsuffragan sees were erected in Indiana and Illinois. In 1843 the Illinois portion of the diocese became the Diocese of Chicago. On 8 January 1857 the northern half of Indiana comprised the Diocese of Fort Wayne. On 28 March 1898 the episcopal diocese was transferred from Vincennes to Indianapolis, and the Diocese of Vincennes became the Diocese of Indianapolis. In 1944 Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese and founded two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The city of Vincennes, the former", "id": "4928244" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary () is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States of America. It was founded on December 17, 1956, by Pope Pius XII. It is one of four suffragan dioceses of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Its ecclesiastic territory includes Lake, Porter, LaPorte, and Starke counties in northwestern Indiana. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of the Holy Angels in Gary, Indiana. During the first half of the 20th century, many Catholic immigrants", "id": "17635414" }, { "contents": "Red Cedar River (Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Red Cedar River in northwestern Wisconsin is a tributary of the Chippewa River. According to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the river flows approximately 100 miles from southwestern Sawyer County to its confluence with the Chippewa southeast of Dunnville in southern Dunn County. It drains portions of eight Wisconsin counties: Barron, Chippewa, Dunn, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn. Important tributaries include the Chetek River and the Hay River. Important settlements along the river's course include Cameron, Rice Lake, Colfax,", "id": "2013455" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\n, he chose Indianapolis, the state capital of Indiana and the largest city in the diocese, as the new seat of the episcopal see. Between 1837 and 1882 seventy-five priests were ordained at St. Francis Xavier, including Michael E. Shawe, the first priest ordained in Indiana. In 1898 the episcopal see was moved to Indianapolis and it became the Diocese of Indianapolis. Bishop Chatard was its first bishop. St. Francis Xavier remained under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Indianapolis from 1898 to 1944, when Pope Pius XII elevated", "id": "1660117" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln () is a Catholic diocese in Nebraska, United States, and comprises the majority of the eastern and central portions of the state south of the Platte River. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Omaha. The episcopal see is in Lincoln, Nebraska. Bishop James D. Conley is the current ordinary of the Diocese. The Cathedral of the Risen Christ is the cathedral parish of the diocese. The diocese was established on August 2, 1887, by Pope Leo XIII from the territory", "id": "18992119" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná () is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Concordia and Gualeguaychú. On 13 June 1859, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of Paraná from the Diocese of Buenos Aires. It lost territory to the Diocese of Santa Fe when it was created in 1897 and the Diocese of Corrientes in 1910. The Diocese of Paraná was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope Pius XI on 20 April 1934. It lost territory two more times when the dioceses of Gualeguaychú (1957) and Concordia (1961", "id": "14584212" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nDiocese of Indianapolis. Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese in 1944, and erected two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The Diocese of Gary, Indiana, was erected in 1956. The Evansville Diocese absorbed the city of Vincennes upon its creation. The first four Bishops of Vincennes resided at the seat of the episcopal diocese in Vincennes. Their remains are buried in the crypt of St. Francis Xavier Basilica, Vincennes. Bishop Chatard, who resided in Indianapolis and also served", "id": "4928227" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kumba\n\n\nThe Diocese of Kumba (Latin: \"Diocesis Kumbana;\" French: \"Diocèse de Kumba\") is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the African country of Cameroon. Headquartered in Kumba, the diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart and its bishop is Agapitus Enuyehnyoh Nfon. The diocese was created on 15 March 2016 by Pope Francis from territory in the Diocese of Buéa, and it is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Bamenda. On 15 March 2016, Pope Francis established the Diocese of Kumba", "id": "4860060" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grass Valley\n\n\nThe Diocese of Grass Valley () now a titular see, was formerly a residential diocese of the Catholic Church located in northeastern California, United States. The diocese also included most of Nevada, and, early in its history, Utah and part of Colorado. The particular church that became the Diocese of Grass Valley was erected in by Pope Pius IX in 1860 as the Vicariate Apostolic of Marysville from territory formerly belonging to the Archdiocese of San Francisco, of which it was a suffragan see. In 1868, the see city", "id": "1681182" }, { "contents": "James Patrick Powers\n\n\nJames Patrick Powers (born February 6, 1953) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church and the eleventh bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin. Powers was born in Baldwin, Wisconsin on February 6, 1953. He graduated from St. Croix Central High School, in Hammond, Wisconsin, and from Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Powers was ordained a priest of the Superior Diocese on May 20, 1990. He served as administrator of the diocese from December 2014 to February 2016,", "id": "11695981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Teggiano-Policastro\n\n\nThe Italian Latin Catholic Diocese of (Diano-)Teggiano-Policastro (), in Campania, has existed since 1850, under its present name since 1986. In that year the Diocese of Diano-Teggiano was united with the diocese of Policastro. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno. Its cathedral episcopal see is the Marian Cattedrale di S. Maria Maggiore e S. Michele Arcangelo, in Teggiano. The current bishop is Antonio De Luca. On 29 September 1850, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of", "id": "18017079" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth is a Latin Church Roman Catholic diocese in England. The episcopal see is in the city of Plymouth, Devon, where the bishop's seat (cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church of St Mary and St Boniface. Erected as the Diocese of Plymouth in 1850 by Pope Pius IX, from the Apostolic Vicariate of the Western District, the diocese has remained jurisdictionally constant since. Since 1965, the diocese has been a suffragan see of the Ecclesiastical Province of Southwark; before then, from", "id": "8307114" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson (, ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the southwestern region of the United States. It is a suffragan see of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santa Fe. The diocese was recently led by its seventh bishop, Most Reverend Gerald Frederick Kicanas, who retired on October 3, 2017. The See city for the diocese is Tucson, Arizona, and its cathedral parish is the St. Augustine. Another church of special interest is the Mission San Xavier del Bac, also", "id": "7747261" }, { "contents": "Diocese of Rochester\n\n\n) were added to Rochester, while all West Kent parishes except those in the Rochester Deanery were transferred to the Diocese of Canterbury. In May 1877, Essex and Hertfordshire became part of the newly created Diocese of St Albans. On 1 August 1877, the Diocese of Rochester gained some northern parts of Surrey from the Diocese of Winchester which were later transferred to the Diocese of Southwark at its creation in 1905. The present diocesan bishop, the Bishop of Rochester, is James Langstaff. The diocese also has a suffragan bishop:", "id": "3447784" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the Ecclesiastical Province of Cincinnati covering 23 counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The episcopal see of the diocese is situated at Columbus. The diocese was erected on March 3, 1868 by Pope Pius IX out of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. On October 21, 1944 the diocese lost territory when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Steubenville. The Catholic faith was brought in the area by the Dominican Order in Somerset. They established St. Joseph's Parish", "id": "6750859" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral (Alexandria, Louisiana)\n\n\n, and the clock was installed in 1908. Because of the newly constructed church and Alexandria's central location, Bishop Cornelius Van de Ven petitioned the Roman Curia to transfer the seat of the diocese from Natchitoches to Alexandria. Pope Pius X created the suffragan Diocese of Alexandria on . St. Francis Xavier Church was elevated to the rank of cathedral of the newly created diocese. The current bishop of Alexandria is Sede Vacante, and the rector of the cathedral is Father James A. Ferguson. The cathedral's rose windows are the largest in", "id": "16556508" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of Ohio. Pope Pius IX erected the diocese April 23, 1847, in territory taken from the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The diocese lost territory in 1910 when Pope Pius X erected the Diocese of Toledo, and in 1943 when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Youngstown. It is currently the 17th-largest diocese in the United States by population, encompassing the counties of Ashland, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Medina,", "id": "6750690" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pavia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Pavia () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It has been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan only since 1817. Previous to the reorganization of the hierarchy in northern Italy by Pope Pius VII after the expulsion of the French and the Congress of Vienna, the diocese of Pavia had depended directly upon the Holy See, despite repeated failed attempts on the part of the Archbishops of Milan to claim control. The diocese has produced one Pope and Patriarch of Venice, and three cardinals. The", "id": "9177548" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza () is an archdiocese located in the city of Fortaleza in Brazil. On June 6, 1854, it was established by Pope Pius IX, as the Diocese of Ceará from the Diocese of Olinda. Formerly a part of the Diocese of Pernambuco, the district was erected into a separate diocese, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Bahia. João Guerino Gomes was named as first bishop but did not accept the appointment. Father Gomes, who was famous in his day both as an orator and as", "id": "5595432" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lansing\n\n\nThe Catholic Diocese of Lansing () is located in Lansing, Michigan. It encompasses an area of including the counties of Clinton, Eaton, Genesee, Hillsdale, Ingham, Jackson, Lenawee, Livingston, Shiawassee and Washtenaw. It is a suffragan diocese of the ecclesiastical province of Detroit. Pope Pius XI created the Diocese of Lansing May 22, 1937 by taking territory from the Archdiocese of Detroit. In July 1971, Pope Paul VI separated territory from the Lansing Diocese and territory from the Diocese of Grand Rapids to form the", "id": "4281991" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza () is in Argentina and is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Neuquén and San Rafael. On 20 April 1934, Pope Pius XI established the Diocese of Mendoza from the Diocese of San Juan de Cuyo. It lost territory to the Diocese of San Rafael when it was created in 1961. At the same time, the Diocese of Mendoza was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope John XXIII on 10 April 1961./small On 5 May 2017, Kosaka Kumiko, a Japanese-Argentinian nun,", "id": "15288343" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City () is the Roman Catholic diocese for the northwestern quarter of the US state of Iowa. The diocese comprises 24 counties in northwestern Iowa, and it covers an area of . The See city for the diocese is Sioux City. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The cathedral parish for this diocese is the Epiphany. R. Walker Nickless was ordained as bishop of Sioux City on 20 January 2006. On 24 July, 1900, Pope Leo XIII issued a papal bull", "id": "394842" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis\n\n\nlater period the church first came into the area with the arrival of missionaries and European settlers. The original see was canonically erected by Pope Pius IX on July 19, 1850 as the Diocese of Saint Paul of Minnesota, a suffragan episcopal see of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis. The Diocese's territory was taken from that of Dubuque, and its authority spread over all of Minnesota Territory, which consisted of the area which now composes the states of Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota and also comprises the modern archdiocese's ecclesiastical", "id": "7457113" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Sherborne\n\n\nThe Bishop of Sherborne is an episcopal title which takes its name from the market town of Sherborne in Dorset, England. The see of Sherborne was established in around 705 by St Aldhelm, the Abbot of Malmesbury. This see was the mother diocese of the greater part of southwestern England in Saxon times, but after the Norman Conquest was incorporated into the new Diocese of Salisbury. The title Bishop of Sherborne is now used by the Church of England for a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Salisbury. In 1925, the title", "id": "4184192" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\nthe episcopal see to the Archdiocese of Indianapolis and established two new suffragan diocese in Indiana: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. On 14 March 1970 Pope Paul VI raised the status of St. Francis Xavier Cathedral to a basilica. The present Greek Revival-style basilica dates from 1826, making it the oldest Catholic church in Indiana. It was built on or near the site of two earlier churches. The first chapel, a crude structure measuring 22 feet by 66 feet, with log posts, mud daub,", "id": "1660118" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Caserta\n\n\nThe Diocese of Caserta () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Campania, southern Italy. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Naples. In 1818 Pope Pius VII united this see with the diocese of Caiazzo, but Pope Pius IX made them separate sees. In 2013 in the diocese of Caserta there was one priest for every 1,703 Catholics. It is not known when Caserta became an episcopal see. The first-known bishop was Ranulfo whose election in 1113 was confirmed by Senne, Archbishop of Capua. \"Erected", "id": "16395150" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia\n\n\nThe Italian Catholic Diocese of Pescia () is in Tuscany. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Pisa. In 1519 Pope Leo X withdrew Pescia from the archdiocese of Lucca, raising it to the dignity of a prelacy nullius; and in 1726 it was made a diocese, suffragan of Pisa. Its first bishop was Bartolommeo Pucci (1728). Others were Francesco Vicenti (1773–1801), and Giulio Serafini. On 25 November 2015, Pope Francis appointed as the new Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia,", "id": "15933634" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur\n\n\nLumpur was dedicated to St John the evangelist in 1883, and would be later known as St. John's Cathedral, the Mother Church of Kuala Lumpur. In 1955, the Diocese of Malacca became a Metropolitan Archdiocese, with the newly formed Diocese of Penang and Diocese of Kuala Lumpur as its suffragan sees. Bishop Dominic Vendargon was appointed as the first Bishop of Kuala Lumpur, and was ordained in the same year. In 1972, the Diocese of Kuala Lumpur was elevated into an Archdiocese, with the suffragan dioceses of Penang and", "id": "14666462" }, { "contents": "WESTconsin Credit Union\n\n\nanyone who lives or works in the Wisconsin counties of Barron, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Dunn, Eau Claire, Jackson, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau or Washburn, or the Minnesota counties of Anoka, Chisago, Dakota, Goodhue, Isanti, Ramsey, Wabasha, and Washington with a $5 deposit in a membership share (savings) account. Presently, \"WEST\"consin Credit Union has five fully operational high school offices that are located in Amery,", "id": "1182556" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zamboanga\n\n\nthe future city of Zamboanga. On January 20, 1933, Pope Pius XI divided Mindanao into two areas. Southern Mindanao including the Sulu Archipelago became under the jurisdiction of Zamboanga. Northern Mindanao became under the Diocese of Cagayan de Oro. In 1951 Cagayan de Oro became an archdiocese, the first in the island of Mindanao. All episcopal jurisdictions in Mindanao and Sulu, including Zamboanga, became suffragans of this archdiocese. The Diocese of Zamboanga was further divided when the Prelature Nullius of Davao was established and separated in 1949; the", "id": "18254813" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiavari\n\n\nThe Diocese of Chiavari () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Liguria, northern Italy. It was created on 3 December 1892 by Pope Leo XIII in the Bull \"Romani Pontifices\". It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Genoa. Chiavari became an episcopal see in 1892, but until 1896 it was administered by Tommaso Reggio, the Archbishop of Genoa, to which diocese it originally belonged, through his Auxiliary Bishop and Vicar General, Fortunato Vinelli, titular bishop of Epiphania (Cilicia, Ottoman Empire). The", "id": "15328930" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of El Paso\n\n\nwest Texas were served by travelling priests in car and horseback. After Pinto's efforts, Catholic parishes began to flourish in El Paso. On 3 March 1914, Pope Pius X established the Diocese of El Paso as a suffragan see of Santa Fe. The diocese covered nearly in West Texas and southern New Mexico and was created from parts of the dioceses of Dallas, San Antonio and Tucson. Jesuit priest Father John J. Brown was appointed bishop of the newly created diocese on 22 January 1915 but resigned before his scheduled consecration.", "id": "18993686" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai (; ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Municipality of Shanghai, China. It was erected on December 13, 1933 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Shanghai by Pope Pius XI, and was later elevated to the rank of a diocese on April 11, 1946 by Pope Pius XII. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Nanking. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is St. Ignatius Cathedral; it also houses a minor basilica in Sheshan", "id": "15983488" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta is a suffragan Latin Church diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1986. The Diocese of Parramatta is an organisation of the Roman Catholic Church, with responsibility for the western suburbs of Sydney and the Blue Mountains, in New South Wales, Australia. St Patrick's Cathedral, Parramatta, is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Parramatta. On 5 May 2016, Pope Francis appointed Vincent Long Van Nguyen OFM Conv to be its fourth bishop. His installation took place on 16 June 2016", "id": "21254601" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Utah\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Utah is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States, encompassing the state of Utah, less that part of the Four Corners region which is in the Navajoland Area Mission. It includes a small part of northern Arizona. In 1867, the Episcopal Church was the first Protestant church organized in Utah. The diocesan offices and cathedral, St. Mark's Cathedral, are in Salt Lake City. The current bishop is Scott B. Hayashi, whose consecration took place on November 6, 2010 and was installed", "id": "17667064" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton is a suffragan see of Archdiocese of Philadelphia, established on March 3, 1868. The seat of the bishop is St. Peter's Cathedral in Scranton, PA. Other cities in the diocese are Wilkes-Barre, Williamsport, Hazleton, Nanticoke, Carbondale, and Pittston. The diocese comprises Lackawanna, Luzerne, Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne, Tioga, Sullivan, Wyoming, Lycoming, Pike, and Monroe counties, all in the northeastern part of Pennsylvania. The area of the diocese is .", "id": "10915059" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the United States. It comprises the territory of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agaña. The diocese was canonically erected on 8 November 1984 by Pope John Paul II. Its territories were taken from the archdiocese based in Guam. The Diocese of Chalan Kanoa is led by a prelate bishop who pastors the mother church, the Our Lady of Mount Carmel Cathedral on Saipan.", "id": "5619001" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Mantua\n\n\nThe Diocese of Mantua () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It was erected in 804, and is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan. The diocese has produced one Pope and (Latin) Patriarch of Constantinople, and two cardinals. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is the Cathedral of S. Pietro Apostolo; Mantua also contains the Basilica of Sant'Andrea. The last Bishop of Mantua iss Gianmarco Busca, appointed by Pope Francis on June 3, 2016. The bishops emeriti are Egidio", "id": "9176744" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kota Kinabalu\n\n\nafter its see. On 31 May 1976 the vicariate was elevated to a full Diocese of Kota Kinabalu, suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kuching. The diocese lost territories twice, to create its present suffragans : On 23 May 2008, the diocese was elevated to Metropolitan Archdiocese, whose ecclesiastical province comprises the above suffragan dioceses, both formerly part of the original territory of the diocese of Kota Kinabalu: the Diocese of Keningau and the Diocese of Sandakan. On 21 June 2010, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Rev.", "id": "11660795" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\nthe diocese in 1850, Pius IX appointed Bishop William Hogarth, Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District, to be the first bishop of the diocese. The Parish Church of Saint Mary, Newcastle upon Tyne, designed by Augustus Welby Pugin, was selected as the seat for the new bishop, gaining cathedral status. In 1924, Pope Pius XI withdrew the old counties of Cumberland and Westmorland to incorporate them into a newly created Diocese of Lancaster. For this reason, the Lancaster diocese still considers St Cuthbert as one of its principal", "id": "6620884" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nof the Diocese of Wisconsin. In 1870, Fond du Lac was the second largest city in Wisconsin. The remaining counties continued as the Diocese of Wisconsin until 1888, when it was renamed the Diocese of Milwaukee. In 1875, after three elections, John Henry Hobart Brown accepted election as first bishop and was consecrated December 15, 1875 at St. John's Episcopal Church, Cohoes, New York. Brown declared the city of Fond du Lac and St. Paul's Church as the episcopal See. The other viable location was Christ", "id": "2071144" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fond du Lac is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, encompassing the northeastern third of Wisconsin. The diocese contains about 5,700 baptized members worshipping in 37 locations. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). Diocesan offices are in Appleton, Wisconsin. The Diocesan Archives are maintained in Grafton Hall behind the Cathedral in Fond du Lac. Matthew Gunter is its bishop. The roots of the Diocese of Fond du Lac begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians, removing from", "id": "2071141" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spiš\n\n\nThe Diocese of Spiš (, ) is a Roman Catholic diocese in northern Slovakia. It covers central and eastern parts of the Žilina Region and western part of the Prešov Region. Its seat is in Spišská Kapitula; the diocese covers an area of 7,802 km² with 583,633 people of which 76.6% are of Catholic faith (2004). The current bishop is Štefan Sečka. The diocese was established on 13 March 1776 as a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Esztergom. In 1804, its metropolitan was changed to the Archdiocese of Eger", "id": "12385676" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Salford\n\n\n-Elizabethan English dioceses of which one of these was the diocese of Salford and went on to take up the reins of part of the former Vicariate Apostolic of the Lancashire District. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but a further development was its assignment under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, to a newly created Province of Liverpool. At the diocese's creation the territory assigned to it was the hundreds of Salford and Blackburn. The diocese currently covers an", "id": "3729210" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering twenty-eight counties in Kansas. Pope Pius XII created the diocese on May 19, 1951. John B. Brungardt was appointed Bishop of Dodge City in December 2010. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City encompasses 23,000-square-miles, and 50 parishes in 28 counties. It was established in 1951 from parts of the Diocese of Wichita, the Diocese of Leavenworth, and the Vicariate Apostolic of the Indian Territory established July 19, 1850. At that", "id": "17635532" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It comprises that part of South Dakota east of the Missouri River. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Paul J. Swain. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Sioux Falls. The cathedral parish is St. Joseph Cathedral. On August 12, 1879 Pope Leo XIII established the Vicariate Apostolic of Dakota from territory taken from the Diocese of", "id": "18993545" } ]

[ { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior () encompasses the city of Superior and the counties of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Lincoln, Oneida, Price, Polk, Rusk, Sawyer, St. Croix, Taylor, Vilas, and Washburn in northern Wisconsin, with an area of . Its episcopal see is Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is its mother church. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The diocese was established on May 3, 1905 by", "id": "9474213" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nPope Pius X. It was created from the northern part of the Diocese of La Crosse and the northwestern part of the Diocese of Green Bay, with Augustine Francis Schinner as the first bishop. Prior to the official founding of the diocese in 1905, there had already been a rich history of Catholicism in the region. Centuries earlier, Catholic missionaries had forged a dynamic presence throughout the Lake Superior region of Wisconsin. The early history of Catholicism in the state of Wisconsin started within the territory that the Diocese of Superior now encompasses,", "id": "9474214" }, { "contents": "List of museums in Wisconsin\n\n\nMarathon, Marquette, Menominee, Milwaukee, Oconto, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan Counties in the north central and northwest area: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Langlade, Lincoln, Oneida, Polk, Price, Rusk, Sawyer, Taylor, Vilas, Washburn South central and southwest area along the Mississippi and Chippewa rivers: Buffalo, Chippewa, Crawford, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Jackson, La Crosse, Pepin, Pierce, St. Croix, Trempealeau, Vernon South", "id": "7014980" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nserved for one year as pastor of St. Hubertus parish at Hubertus, Wisconsin. From 1887 to 1893 he was a member of the faculty of St. Francis Seminary. From 1893 to 1905, he served as chancellor and vicar general of the archdiocese of Milwaukee, appointed by Archbishop Frederick Katzer. The Diocese of Superior was established on May 3, 1905, formed from portions of the Diocese of Green Bay and the Diocese of La Crosse. On May 13, 1905, Pope Pius X appointed Schinner the first Bishop of the newly", "id": "5250913" }, { "contents": "United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin\n\n\nheld at Madison. The district comprises the following counties: Adams, Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Green, Iowa, Iron, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, La Crosse, Lafayette, Lincoln, Marathon, Monroe, Oneida, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Portage, Price, Richland, Rock, Rusk, Sauk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Vilas, Washburn and", "id": "19092884" }, { "contents": "2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin\n\n\na total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark (partial), Douglas, Iron, Langlade (partial), Lincoln, Marathon, Oneida, Polk, Portage, Price, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Washburn and Wood. The district is currently represented by Sean Duffy, a Republican. The PVI of the district is R+8. Duffy is running for reelection. The 8th congressional district includes Green Bay and Appleton. It", "id": "2566179" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nAugustine Francis Schinner (May 1, 1863 – February 7, 1937) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the first Bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin (1905-1913) and first Bishop of the Diocese of Spokane, Washington (1914-1925). Schinner was educated at St. Francis Seminary in Wisconsin, and was ordained to the priesthood on March 7, 1886, by Archbishop Michael Heiss of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee at the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist. He", "id": "5250912" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse\n\n\nthe Workman. The Diocese of La Crosse was established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868, from territory that was taken from what was then the Diocese of Milwaukee. It included the part of Wisconsin lying north and west of the Wisconsin River. Michael Heiss, then head of St. Francis Seminary, Milwaukee, was named the first bishop of the La Crosse episcopal see. On May 3, 1905, the territory of the Dioceses of La Crosse and Green Bay was brought together to form the Diocese of Superior,", "id": "6320305" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nuntil the formation of the Diocese of Lacrosse, and the Diocese of Green Bay, which then served the northern region. Finally, in 1905, the Diocese of Superior was created by Pope Pius X, encompassing 16 counties in northern Wisconsin. The oldest Catholic congregation in the state of Wisconsin (in continuous operation to the present-day) is within the Diocese of Superior. On July 27, 1836, Fr. Frederic Baraga arrived at La Pointe, and immediately set to work, building a log church. Fr.", "id": "9474218" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane\n\n\n, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese. The episcopal see was subsequently moved to Seattle, and the diocese was renamed the Diocese of Seattle in 1907. With a growing population in Spokane and other areas of Eastern Washington, church leadership in Seattle realized that a new diocese needed to be formed, and the Diocese of Spokane was canonically erected by Pope Pius X on December 17, 1913. The diocese's first bishop was Augustine Francis Schinner, the bishop emeritus of the Diocese of", "id": "6861839" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 25\n\n\nThe 25th District of the Wisconsin Senate is located in far north-western Wisconsin, and is currently composed of part or all of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Price, Sawyer, Vilas and Washburn counties. The district area is a mostly rural, and covers more land and more counties than any other district in Wisconsin. Janet Bewley is the senator serving the 25th district. She was elected to a four-year term in 2014. Before serving as a senator, she held an office", "id": "19471671" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nBaraga, like the Jesuit missionaries before him, had success evangelizing the native people. His congregation at La Pointe grew, and also included many early European immigrants, primarily French Fur Traders. In 1838, Fr. Baraga built a larger church at La Pointe, on the spot of the present-day location of \"St. Joseph's Catholic Church\". The first Bishop to serve the Diocese of Superior was Augustine Francis Schinner, who was consecrated as Bishop on July 25, 1905. Bishop Schinner faced many challenges, as", "id": "9474219" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\ncreated diocese. He was ordained a bishop on July 25, 1905. Traveling by train with an entourage of over 60 priests from Milwaukee, he arrived at Ashland, Wisconsin, traveled to the Apostle Islands on a short boat tour, and then continued on to Superior. There were 39 diocesan priests, 17 religious order priests serving 38,861 Catholics in 43 parishes with resident pastors, and 50 missions and 33 stations. For Catholic schools, there was 1 high school, 16 elementary and 2 boarding schools with a total enrollment of", "id": "5250914" }, { "contents": "Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway\n\n\nthe Mississippi River, it lies within parts of eight counties in Wisconsin: Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Pierce, Polk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn; and three in Minnesota: Chisago, Pine, and Washington. The upper St. Croix is a nationally renowned smallmouth bass fishery. Other fish species present in the riverway include walleye, northern pike, sturgeon, muskellunge, and catfish. The Namekagon River upstream of Hayward, Wisconsin is well known for its brown and brook trout fishing. Besides fishing, the riverway", "id": "10086875" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento\n\n\nmother church of the diocese, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament. Originally a major part of the defunct Grass Valley Diocese (which included several counties in northern California and Nevada), the present-day diocese was established by Pope Leo XIII on May 28, 1886. Today, the See of Sacramento remains a ceremonial suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the Dioceses of Honolulu, Las Vegas, Oakland, Reno, Salt Lake City, San Jose, Santa Rosa and Stockton", "id": "4599392" }, { "contents": "Saint Raphael's Cathedral (Madison, Wisconsin)\n\n\nthe state capitol. In 1853, Father Francis Etchmann began constructing the most recent church building. The cornerstone was laid on May 28, 1854 by Bishop John Henni of the Diocese of Milwaukee. He dedicated the new building because the parish was under his jurisdiction at the time. The spire and bells were added in 1885. On January 9, 1946, Pope Pius XII created the Diocese of Madison for an 11-county area in the southwestern part of the state. Territory was taken from the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and the Diocese of", "id": "1920566" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst in Australia\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst (in Australia) is a Latin Church suffragan diocese of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1865, covering the Central West and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia. The Cathedral of St Michael and St John the Baptist is the episcopal see of the Bishop of Bathurst, presently Michael McKenna. The Diocese of Bathurst was erected by Pope Pius IX on 20 June 1865. Prior to this date, the area was considered within the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Sydney, its present", "id": "21254493" }, { "contents": "Joseph Maria Koudelka\n\n\n29, 1907, Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland and he was ordained on February 25, 1908 with a special ministry to the Slavic community. On June 24, 1911 Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. He was ordained as the first auxiliary bishop of Milwaukee on September 4, 1911. On August 6, 1913, Pope Pius X appointed Koudelka the second bishop of the Diocese of Superior. He was installed at the pro-cathedral of Sacred Heart in", "id": "18330746" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nThe Archdiocese of Milwaukee () is a Roman Catholic archdiocese headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the United States. It encompasses the City of Milwaukee, as well as the counties of Dodge, Fond du Lac, Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Walworth, Washington and Waukesha, all located in Wisconsin. The Archdiocese of Milwaukee is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milwaukee, which includes the suffragan dioceses of Green Bay, La Crosse, Madison, and Superior. , Jerome Edward Listecki is the Archbishop", "id": "9546478" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering nineteen counties in northwestern Ohio. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The See city for the diocese is Toledo. The eighth and current Bishop of Toledo is Daniel Edward Thomas. Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Pius X erected the diocese April 15, 1910, in territory taken from the Diocese of Cleveland. The arms of the See of Toledo are based upon", "id": "6750935" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin's 7th congressional district\n\n\nWisconsin's 7th congressional district is a congressional district of the United States House of Representatives in northwestern and central Wisconsin; it is the largest congressional district in the state geographically, covering 20 counties (in whole or part), for a total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, St. Croix, Chippewa (partial), Clark, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Jackson (partial), Juneau (partial), Langlade, Lincoln, Marathon,", "id": "8780919" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez () is located in the northern Mexican city of the same name, across the Río Grande from El Paso, Texas. It is part of the ecclesiastical province of Chihuahua and is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Chihuahua . The Diocese of Ciudad Juárez was erected by Pope Pius XII on 10 April 1957 from the Diocese of Chihuahua because of the population growth in the northern part of the state of Chihuahua. Pope Pius named Manuel Talamás Camandari as the first bishop, and by 1966", "id": "13992785" }, { "contents": "Superior, Wisconsin\n\n\nSuperior come from the Duluth market: Superior is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Francis Xavier Catholic Church, located in the East End of Superior, has been noted for its architecture. Christ Evangelical Lutheran Church is the only congregation of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod located in Superior. It recently moved from its original location on Belknap Street to a new campus on North 28th Street. Pilgrim Lutheran Church is located", "id": "4103054" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi (\"Dioecesis Uromiensis\") in Uromi, Edo State, Nigeria was created on December 14, 2005, when it was split off from the Archdiocese of Benin City. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Benin City. Its first bishop was Augustine Obiora Akubeze (who was named Archbishop of Benin City in March 2011). The St Anthony of Padua church in Uromi was selected to be its cathedral. The canonical erection of the diocese and the episcopal ordination of the bishop took", "id": "2286692" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the northwestern United States, comprising the northern regions of the state of Alaska. It is led by a bishop who serves as pastor of the mother church, Sacred Heart Cathedral in the City of Fairbanks. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Anchorage. The See of Fairbanks was established from the Prefecture Apostolic of Alaska on July 27, 1894, which was created from the Diocese of Vancouver Island. It was", "id": "7747608" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough () is a suffragan Latin diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kingston, Ontario that includes part of the federal Province of Ontario in inland Canada. Its episcopal see is the Cathedral of Saint Peter-in-Chains in Peterborough, Ontario. On March 10, 2017, the Pope named former Hamilton Auxiliary Bishop Daniel J. Miehm as the new Bishop of Peterborough. Established on 25 January 1874 as Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Canada, on territory split off from the Diocese of Kingston", "id": "5387249" }, { "contents": "Catholic Diocese of Guiratinga\n\n\nThe Diocese of Guiratinga (Dioecesis Guiratingensis) was a former ecclesiastical circumscription of the Catholic Church in Brazil, belonging to the Ecclesiastical Province of Cuiabá and the West II Regional Bishops' Council of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil, being a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cuiabá. The episcopal see is the Cathedral St. John the Baptist in the city of Guiratinga in the state of Mato Grosso. The Prelature Registry Araguaia (Territorialis Praelatura Registrensis or Territorialis Praelatura registration Araguaia) was erected on May 12, 1914 by Pope Pius X", "id": "4926427" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America encompassing the northwestern third of Wisconsin. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). The faith community comprises 20 interdependent congregations, mostly small and rural. The see and diocesan offices are in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, with Christ Church Cathedral as the mother church. Christ Church in La Crosse is the largest church in the diocese. The roots of the Diocese of Eau Claire begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians", "id": "2071071" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Motherwell\n\n\nCumbernauld and the area of Auchinloch) and South Lanarkshire. The diocese, along with the Diocese of Paisley, was erected as a Suffragan See by the Apostolic Constitution \"Maxime interest\" on 25 May 1947. The new See took part of the Archdiocese of Glasgow (becoming its Suffragan See) and part of the Diocese of Galloway. At present the diocese is vacant. The most recent Bishop of Motherwell was the Right Reverend Joseph Devine, whose resignation was accepted by Pope Francis on 30 May 2013. On Tuesday 29 April", "id": "3729293" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 28\n\n\nBayfield), Pepin, Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix Counties. The first Senator from the 28th was William Wilson of Menomonie, who served in the 1857 session (the tenth session of the Wisconsin Legislature). The district has also been represented by: As of the redistricting of 1861, the 28th now consisted of Ashland, Burnett, Dallas (later renamed Barron), Douglas, La Pointe (later renamed Bayfield), Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix counties (it was not changed in the redistricting of", "id": "2063122" }, { "contents": "List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Northern Ireland\n\n\nIn the Roman Catholic Church, the entirety of Northern Ireland is comprehended by the ecclesiastical province of Armagh. The eponymous archdiocese and five of its suffragan dioceses cover the area of Northern Ireland. The diocesan and archdiocesan boundaries are not coterminous with the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Only two dioceses are entirely contained within Northern Ireland: Down and Connor and the Diocese of Dromore. Three dioceses and the Archdiocese of Armagh straddle the border. The Archdiocese and its suffragans are all part of the Episcopal conference of Ireland", "id": "14015256" }, { "contents": "Anglican Bishop of Nottingham\n\n\nThe Anglican Bishop of Nottingham was an episcopal title used by a Church of England suffragan bishop. The title took its name after the county town of Nottingham and was first created under the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534. Until 1837, Nottingham had been part of the Diocese of York, when it then became part of the Diocese of Lincoln. With the creation of the Diocese of Southwell in 1884, Nottingham became part of that diocese, but the then- (and final) bishop remained suffragan to Lincoln. Since 2005, Nottingham gives", "id": "20176138" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell () is an ecclesiastical diocese of the Catholic Church in Scotland. The diocese, which was erected on 25 May 1947 by Pope Pius XII from the Archdiocese of Glasgow, along with the Diocese of Paisley which was erected on the same day, remains one of two suffragan sees under the Archdiocese. On Tuesday 29 April 2014 - the Feast of St Catherine of Siena - Pope Francis appointed Joseph Toal as the fifth Bishop of Motherwell. In 2004, the Catholic population, proportionately the largest in", "id": "16456386" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nnative people, and baptized over 1,000 converts. During this time, the region was being overseen by French Catholic leaders in Quebec, which became a diocese in 1674, encompassing all of North America east of the Mississippi River. In 1791, the region was transferred to the Diocese of Baltimore, which was the first Catholic diocese created in the then-newly formed United States. In 1843, the Diocese of Milwaukee was established, and consisted of the entire state of Wisconsin. Northern Wisconsin remained within the Diocese of Milwaukee,", "id": "9474217" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nEpiscopal Diocese of Milwaukee, originally the Diocese of Wisconsin is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America located in the southern area of Wisconsin. It is in Province V (for the Midwest region). The Rt. Reverend Steven Miller is the bishop. The see city is Milwaukee. Cathedral Church of All Saints, Milwaukee is the mother church. The diocese was formed after Jackson Kemper was named the Episcopal Church's first missionary bishop and oversaw the church's mission to the Northwest Territories from 1835 to", "id": "2071175" }, { "contents": "Joseph G. Pinten\n\n\nvicar general, in 1919 purchased dormitory property of Northern Normal College and donated it to the diocese to use as a church with conditions that it be named after Saint Michael and that the new parish build a school. On November 30, 1921, Pope Benedict XV appointed Pinten the third bishop of the Superior Diocese. He was ordained bishop on May 3, 1922 at St. Peter Cathedral with Archbishop Sebastian Messmer of Milwaukee presiding. The next day an enthronement ceremony was held a Sacred Heart pro-cathedral in Superior. After his", "id": "18330981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kansas City–Saint Joseph\n\n\nXIII established the Diocese of Kansas City, with territories taken from the Archdiocese of St. Louis. Its first bishop was John Joseph Hogan. On July 2, 1956, the diocese incorporated part of the territory of the Diocese of Saint Joseph, which had been established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868. On the same date in 1956 part of the Diocese of Kansas City's territory went to establish the Diocese of Jefferson City and the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau. The diocese received its present name and boundaries", "id": "13839607" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Kerry\n\n\nThe Bishop of Kerry is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kerry, one of the suffragan dioceses of the Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly in Ireland. The Episcopal see changed its name from Ardfert and Aghadoe to Kerry on 20 December 1952. The bishop's seat (Cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church Saint Mary, Killarney. The current bishop is the Most Reverend Raymond Browne who was appointed Bishop of Kerry by Pope Francis on 2 May 2013 and received episcopal consecration at St Mary's Cathedral, Killarney on 21", "id": "20835420" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle\n\n\nas a result by 1850 the Diocese of Walla Walla was abandoned and its merged-in territory administered from Oregon City. On May 31, 1850, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese, with Augustin Blanchet as bishop. In January 1851, Augustin Blanchet dedicated St. James Church near Fort Vancouver as the new diocese's cathedral. A new St. James Cathedral was built in Vancouver, Washington in 1885. In 1903 Bishop Edward O'Dea, realizing that Vancouver was no longer the economic and", "id": "6861805" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nthe head of the new diocese, including the need to recruit priests to serve the growing number of parishes throughout the diocese. By the time Bishop Schinner resigned as the bishop of Superior in 1913, he saw the pool of priests grow from 39 diocesan priests in 1905 to 62 in 1913. Today, there are now 105 parishes within the Diocese of Superior. The following is a list of the Roman Catholic Bishops of the Diocese of Superior and their years of service: The Diocese of Superior has a membership of 73,638 Catholics", "id": "9474220" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Northern California. The diocese comprises Alameda and Contra Costa Counties in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Cathedral of Christ the Light serves as the bishop's seat, replacing the Cathedral of Saint Francis de Sales which was demolished after the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989. Once a part of the Archdiocese of San Francisco, the Diocese of Oakland remains a suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the", "id": "4599275" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\ndioceses which did not formally claim any continuity with the pre-Elizabethan English dioceses were created. The Vicariate Apostolic of the Northern District was duly elevated to diocese status as the Diocese of Hexham. On 23 May 1861 the diocese became the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, it was assigned to the newly created Province of Liverpool. The present diocese covers an area of 7,700 km²", "id": "3501975" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\n1859. He became provisional bishop of Wisconsin from 1847 to 1854 and first bishop of the Diocese of Wisconsin from 1854 to 1870. In 1875, the Diocese of Fond du Lac was created to serve the northeastern 26 counties of the state. The Diocese of Eau Claire, was carved out of the diocese in 1928 for the counties in the northwestern part of Wisconsin. The Diocese of Wisconsin became the Diocese of Milwaukee in 1886. Over the last few years the membership has declined from 15,000 to 11,000. Nashotah House, in", "id": "2071176" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson\n\n\nThe Diocese of Paterson is a diocese of the Roman Rite of the Latin Catholic Church in the United States, which includes three counties in northern New Jersey: Passaic, Morris, and Sussex. The city of Paterson, third-largest in the state of New Jersey, was chosen as the episcopal see, even though the vast majority of diocesan territory lies west of the city. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Newark, and is part of Region III of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. The", "id": "14672461" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay () was established on March 3, 1868, by Pope Pius IX. It covers the city of Green Bay, as well as Brown, Calumet, Door, Florence, Forest, Kewaunee, Langlade, Manitowoc, Marinette, Menominee, Oconto, Outagamie, Shawano, Waupaca, Waushara and Winnebago counties in Wisconsin. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The earliest trace of the Catholic faith in the Green Bay area was in 1634. Jesuits followed Jean Nicolet to", "id": "9417148" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering the parishes of northern Louisiana, and a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. Its bishop is part of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and belongs to Conference Region V (which includes Alabama, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee). Its mother church is the Cathedral of Saint John Berchmans, in Shreveport. The Diocese of Shreveport was canonically erected on June 16, 1986 when Pope John Paul II split the former Diocese of", "id": "18926928" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids () is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in western Michigan, in the United States. It comprises 102 churches in 11 counties in West Michigan. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Detroit. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of Saint Andrew. On April 18, 2013, Pope Francis accepted Bishop Walter A. Hurley's resignation and appointed the Rev. David J. Walkowiak to be the twelfth Bishop of Grand Rapids. The diocese was created from territory taken from", "id": "221824" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Suacia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Svač (, , ) was a bishopric with see in the town of Svač (Latinized as Suacia), which is today the village lying to the east of Ulcinj in Montenegro that is called in Serbian Шас, in Croat Šas and in Albanian Shas. The area was part of the late Roman province of Dalmatia Superior, and the Catholic Church, which includes the diocese in its list of Latin titular sees, accordingly treats it as a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Doclea. The diocese of Svač (", "id": "4011385" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck () is a Roman Catholic diocese in North Dakota. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop David Kagan. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Bismarck. The Cathedral parish of the diocese is Cathedral of the Holy Spirit. On December 31, 1909 Saint Pius X established the Diocese of Bismarck. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Fargo. The list of bishops of the diocese and their terms of service", "id": "18993019" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fiesole\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fiesole () is a Roman Catholic diocese in Tuscany, central Italy, whose episcopal see is the city of Fiesole. Fiesole was directly subject to the pope until 1420, when the archdiocese of Florence was created and Fiesole was made one of its suffragan bishops. It is still a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Florence. According to local legend the Gospel was first preached at Fiesole by Messius Romulus, said to have been a disciple of St. Peter. Documentary evidence, however, is from the 9th and", "id": "3288239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangalore\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Bangalore () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in India. It was erected as the Diocese of Bangalore on 13 February 1940 by Pope Pius XII, and elevated to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese on 19 September 1953, with the suffragan sees of Belgaum, Bellary, Chikmagalur, Gulbarga, Karwar, Mangalore, Udupi, Mysore, and Shimoga. The archdiocese's mother church and thus seat of its archbishop is the St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral; Bangalore also houses", "id": "9571833" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City () is a Roman Catholic diocese in western South Dakota, United States. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Robert Dwayne Gruss. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Rapid City. The Cathedral parish is the Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. On August 6, 1902 Saint Pius X established the diocese as the Diocese of Lead. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Sioux Falls. The", "id": "18993239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong is a suffragan Latin Rite diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1951, covering the Illawarra and Southern Highlands regions of New South Wales, Australia. St Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Wollongong is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Wollongong, currently Brian Mascord. On 15 November 1951, Pope Pius XII announced that a new diocese would be created from the two archdioceses of Sydney and Canberra & Goulburn. To be named Wollongong, the diocese was officially established on 11 February 1952.", "id": "21254634" }, { "contents": "Cathedral of Christ the King (Superior, Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Cathedral of Christ the King is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior in Superior, Wisconsin. It was named in honor of Christ the King. The building is located at 1111 Belknap Street in Superior. When the Diocese of Superior was established in 1905 Sacred Heart church, which had been established in the 1880s, was designated the pro-cathedral. Sacred Heart continued in this function until 1926. The cathedral construction project was announced in February 1926 and the groundbreaking occurred on June 23, 1926. Bishop", "id": "2884619" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nsuffragan sees were erected in Indiana and Illinois. In 1843 the Illinois portion of the diocese became the Diocese of Chicago. On 8 January 1857 the northern half of Indiana comprised the Diocese of Fort Wayne. On 28 March 1898 the episcopal diocese was transferred from Vincennes to Indianapolis, and the Diocese of Vincennes became the Diocese of Indianapolis. In 1944 Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese and founded two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The city of Vincennes, the former", "id": "4928244" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary () is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States of America. It was founded on December 17, 1956, by Pope Pius XII. It is one of four suffragan dioceses of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Its ecclesiastic territory includes Lake, Porter, LaPorte, and Starke counties in northwestern Indiana. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of the Holy Angels in Gary, Indiana. During the first half of the 20th century, many Catholic immigrants", "id": "17635414" }, { "contents": "Red Cedar River (Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Red Cedar River in northwestern Wisconsin is a tributary of the Chippewa River. According to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the river flows approximately 100 miles from southwestern Sawyer County to its confluence with the Chippewa southeast of Dunnville in southern Dunn County. It drains portions of eight Wisconsin counties: Barron, Chippewa, Dunn, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn. Important tributaries include the Chetek River and the Hay River. Important settlements along the river's course include Cameron, Rice Lake, Colfax,", "id": "2013455" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\n, he chose Indianapolis, the state capital of Indiana and the largest city in the diocese, as the new seat of the episcopal see. Between 1837 and 1882 seventy-five priests were ordained at St. Francis Xavier, including Michael E. Shawe, the first priest ordained in Indiana. In 1898 the episcopal see was moved to Indianapolis and it became the Diocese of Indianapolis. Bishop Chatard was its first bishop. St. Francis Xavier remained under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Indianapolis from 1898 to 1944, when Pope Pius XII elevated", "id": "1660117" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln () is a Catholic diocese in Nebraska, United States, and comprises the majority of the eastern and central portions of the state south of the Platte River. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Omaha. The episcopal see is in Lincoln, Nebraska. Bishop James D. Conley is the current ordinary of the Diocese. The Cathedral of the Risen Christ is the cathedral parish of the diocese. The diocese was established on August 2, 1887, by Pope Leo XIII from the territory", "id": "18992119" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná () is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Concordia and Gualeguaychú. On 13 June 1859, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of Paraná from the Diocese of Buenos Aires. It lost territory to the Diocese of Santa Fe when it was created in 1897 and the Diocese of Corrientes in 1910. The Diocese of Paraná was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope Pius XI on 20 April 1934. It lost territory two more times when the dioceses of Gualeguaychú (1957) and Concordia (1961", "id": "14584212" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nDiocese of Indianapolis. Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese in 1944, and erected two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The Diocese of Gary, Indiana, was erected in 1956. The Evansville Diocese absorbed the city of Vincennes upon its creation. The first four Bishops of Vincennes resided at the seat of the episcopal diocese in Vincennes. Their remains are buried in the crypt of St. Francis Xavier Basilica, Vincennes. Bishop Chatard, who resided in Indianapolis and also served", "id": "4928227" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kumba\n\n\nThe Diocese of Kumba (Latin: \"Diocesis Kumbana;\" French: \"Diocèse de Kumba\") is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the African country of Cameroon. Headquartered in Kumba, the diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart and its bishop is Agapitus Enuyehnyoh Nfon. The diocese was created on 15 March 2016 by Pope Francis from territory in the Diocese of Buéa, and it is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Bamenda. On 15 March 2016, Pope Francis established the Diocese of Kumba", "id": "4860060" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grass Valley\n\n\nThe Diocese of Grass Valley () now a titular see, was formerly a residential diocese of the Catholic Church located in northeastern California, United States. The diocese also included most of Nevada, and, early in its history, Utah and part of Colorado. The particular church that became the Diocese of Grass Valley was erected in by Pope Pius IX in 1860 as the Vicariate Apostolic of Marysville from territory formerly belonging to the Archdiocese of San Francisco, of which it was a suffragan see. In 1868, the see city", "id": "1681182" }, { "contents": "James Patrick Powers\n\n\nJames Patrick Powers (born February 6, 1953) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church and the eleventh bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin. Powers was born in Baldwin, Wisconsin on February 6, 1953. He graduated from St. Croix Central High School, in Hammond, Wisconsin, and from Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Powers was ordained a priest of the Superior Diocese on May 20, 1990. He served as administrator of the diocese from December 2014 to February 2016,", "id": "11695981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Teggiano-Policastro\n\n\nThe Italian Latin Catholic Diocese of (Diano-)Teggiano-Policastro (), in Campania, has existed since 1850, under its present name since 1986. In that year the Diocese of Diano-Teggiano was united with the diocese of Policastro. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno. Its cathedral episcopal see is the Marian Cattedrale di S. Maria Maggiore e S. Michele Arcangelo, in Teggiano. The current bishop is Antonio De Luca. On 29 September 1850, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of", "id": "18017079" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth is a Latin Church Roman Catholic diocese in England. The episcopal see is in the city of Plymouth, Devon, where the bishop's seat (cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church of St Mary and St Boniface. Erected as the Diocese of Plymouth in 1850 by Pope Pius IX, from the Apostolic Vicariate of the Western District, the diocese has remained jurisdictionally constant since. Since 1965, the diocese has been a suffragan see of the Ecclesiastical Province of Southwark; before then, from", "id": "8307114" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson (, ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the southwestern region of the United States. It is a suffragan see of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santa Fe. The diocese was recently led by its seventh bishop, Most Reverend Gerald Frederick Kicanas, who retired on October 3, 2017. The See city for the diocese is Tucson, Arizona, and its cathedral parish is the St. Augustine. Another church of special interest is the Mission San Xavier del Bac, also", "id": "7747261" }, { "contents": "Diocese of Rochester\n\n\n) were added to Rochester, while all West Kent parishes except those in the Rochester Deanery were transferred to the Diocese of Canterbury. In May 1877, Essex and Hertfordshire became part of the newly created Diocese of St Albans. On 1 August 1877, the Diocese of Rochester gained some northern parts of Surrey from the Diocese of Winchester which were later transferred to the Diocese of Southwark at its creation in 1905. The present diocesan bishop, the Bishop of Rochester, is James Langstaff. The diocese also has a suffragan bishop:", "id": "3447784" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the Ecclesiastical Province of Cincinnati covering 23 counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The episcopal see of the diocese is situated at Columbus. The diocese was erected on March 3, 1868 by Pope Pius IX out of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. On October 21, 1944 the diocese lost territory when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Steubenville. The Catholic faith was brought in the area by the Dominican Order in Somerset. They established St. Joseph's Parish", "id": "6750859" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral (Alexandria, Louisiana)\n\n\n, and the clock was installed in 1908. Because of the newly constructed church and Alexandria's central location, Bishop Cornelius Van de Ven petitioned the Roman Curia to transfer the seat of the diocese from Natchitoches to Alexandria. Pope Pius X created the suffragan Diocese of Alexandria on . St. Francis Xavier Church was elevated to the rank of cathedral of the newly created diocese. The current bishop of Alexandria is Sede Vacante, and the rector of the cathedral is Father James A. Ferguson. The cathedral's rose windows are the largest in", "id": "16556508" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of Ohio. Pope Pius IX erected the diocese April 23, 1847, in territory taken from the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The diocese lost territory in 1910 when Pope Pius X erected the Diocese of Toledo, and in 1943 when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Youngstown. It is currently the 17th-largest diocese in the United States by population, encompassing the counties of Ashland, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Medina,", "id": "6750690" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pavia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Pavia () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It has been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan only since 1817. Previous to the reorganization of the hierarchy in northern Italy by Pope Pius VII after the expulsion of the French and the Congress of Vienna, the diocese of Pavia had depended directly upon the Holy See, despite repeated failed attempts on the part of the Archbishops of Milan to claim control. The diocese has produced one Pope and Patriarch of Venice, and three cardinals. The", "id": "9177548" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza () is an archdiocese located in the city of Fortaleza in Brazil. On June 6, 1854, it was established by Pope Pius IX, as the Diocese of Ceará from the Diocese of Olinda. Formerly a part of the Diocese of Pernambuco, the district was erected into a separate diocese, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Bahia. João Guerino Gomes was named as first bishop but did not accept the appointment. Father Gomes, who was famous in his day both as an orator and as", "id": "5595432" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lansing\n\n\nThe Catholic Diocese of Lansing () is located in Lansing, Michigan. It encompasses an area of including the counties of Clinton, Eaton, Genesee, Hillsdale, Ingham, Jackson, Lenawee, Livingston, Shiawassee and Washtenaw. It is a suffragan diocese of the ecclesiastical province of Detroit. Pope Pius XI created the Diocese of Lansing May 22, 1937 by taking territory from the Archdiocese of Detroit. In July 1971, Pope Paul VI separated territory from the Lansing Diocese and territory from the Diocese of Grand Rapids to form the", "id": "4281991" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza () is in Argentina and is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Neuquén and San Rafael. On 20 April 1934, Pope Pius XI established the Diocese of Mendoza from the Diocese of San Juan de Cuyo. It lost territory to the Diocese of San Rafael when it was created in 1961. At the same time, the Diocese of Mendoza was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope John XXIII on 10 April 1961./small On 5 May 2017, Kosaka Kumiko, a Japanese-Argentinian nun,", "id": "15288343" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City () is the Roman Catholic diocese for the northwestern quarter of the US state of Iowa. The diocese comprises 24 counties in northwestern Iowa, and it covers an area of . The See city for the diocese is Sioux City. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The cathedral parish for this diocese is the Epiphany. R. Walker Nickless was ordained as bishop of Sioux City on 20 January 2006. On 24 July, 1900, Pope Leo XIII issued a papal bull", "id": "394842" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis\n\n\nlater period the church first came into the area with the arrival of missionaries and European settlers. The original see was canonically erected by Pope Pius IX on July 19, 1850 as the Diocese of Saint Paul of Minnesota, a suffragan episcopal see of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis. The Diocese's territory was taken from that of Dubuque, and its authority spread over all of Minnesota Territory, which consisted of the area which now composes the states of Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota and also comprises the modern archdiocese's ecclesiastical", "id": "7457113" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Sherborne\n\n\nThe Bishop of Sherborne is an episcopal title which takes its name from the market town of Sherborne in Dorset, England. The see of Sherborne was established in around 705 by St Aldhelm, the Abbot of Malmesbury. This see was the mother diocese of the greater part of southwestern England in Saxon times, but after the Norman Conquest was incorporated into the new Diocese of Salisbury. The title Bishop of Sherborne is now used by the Church of England for a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Salisbury. In 1925, the title", "id": "4184192" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\nthe episcopal see to the Archdiocese of Indianapolis and established two new suffragan diocese in Indiana: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. On 14 March 1970 Pope Paul VI raised the status of St. Francis Xavier Cathedral to a basilica. The present Greek Revival-style basilica dates from 1826, making it the oldest Catholic church in Indiana. It was built on or near the site of two earlier churches. The first chapel, a crude structure measuring 22 feet by 66 feet, with log posts, mud daub,", "id": "1660118" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Caserta\n\n\nThe Diocese of Caserta () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Campania, southern Italy. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Naples. In 1818 Pope Pius VII united this see with the diocese of Caiazzo, but Pope Pius IX made them separate sees. In 2013 in the diocese of Caserta there was one priest for every 1,703 Catholics. It is not known when Caserta became an episcopal see. The first-known bishop was Ranulfo whose election in 1113 was confirmed by Senne, Archbishop of Capua. \"Erected", "id": "16395150" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia\n\n\nThe Italian Catholic Diocese of Pescia () is in Tuscany. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Pisa. In 1519 Pope Leo X withdrew Pescia from the archdiocese of Lucca, raising it to the dignity of a prelacy nullius; and in 1726 it was made a diocese, suffragan of Pisa. Its first bishop was Bartolommeo Pucci (1728). Others were Francesco Vicenti (1773–1801), and Giulio Serafini. On 25 November 2015, Pope Francis appointed as the new Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia,", "id": "15933634" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur\n\n\nLumpur was dedicated to St John the evangelist in 1883, and would be later known as St. John's Cathedral, the Mother Church of Kuala Lumpur. In 1955, the Diocese of Malacca became a Metropolitan Archdiocese, with the newly formed Diocese of Penang and Diocese of Kuala Lumpur as its suffragan sees. Bishop Dominic Vendargon was appointed as the first Bishop of Kuala Lumpur, and was ordained in the same year. In 1972, the Diocese of Kuala Lumpur was elevated into an Archdiocese, with the suffragan dioceses of Penang and", "id": "14666462" }, { "contents": "WESTconsin Credit Union\n\n\nanyone who lives or works in the Wisconsin counties of Barron, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Dunn, Eau Claire, Jackson, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau or Washburn, or the Minnesota counties of Anoka, Chisago, Dakota, Goodhue, Isanti, Ramsey, Wabasha, and Washington with a $5 deposit in a membership share (savings) account. Presently, \"WEST\"consin Credit Union has five fully operational high school offices that are located in Amery,", "id": "1182556" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zamboanga\n\n\nthe future city of Zamboanga. On January 20, 1933, Pope Pius XI divided Mindanao into two areas. Southern Mindanao including the Sulu Archipelago became under the jurisdiction of Zamboanga. Northern Mindanao became under the Diocese of Cagayan de Oro. In 1951 Cagayan de Oro became an archdiocese, the first in the island of Mindanao. All episcopal jurisdictions in Mindanao and Sulu, including Zamboanga, became suffragans of this archdiocese. The Diocese of Zamboanga was further divided when the Prelature Nullius of Davao was established and separated in 1949; the", "id": "18254813" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiavari\n\n\nThe Diocese of Chiavari () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Liguria, northern Italy. It was created on 3 December 1892 by Pope Leo XIII in the Bull \"Romani Pontifices\". It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Genoa. Chiavari became an episcopal see in 1892, but until 1896 it was administered by Tommaso Reggio, the Archbishop of Genoa, to which diocese it originally belonged, through his Auxiliary Bishop and Vicar General, Fortunato Vinelli, titular bishop of Epiphania (Cilicia, Ottoman Empire). The", "id": "15328930" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of El Paso\n\n\nwest Texas were served by travelling priests in car and horseback. After Pinto's efforts, Catholic parishes began to flourish in El Paso. On 3 March 1914, Pope Pius X established the Diocese of El Paso as a suffragan see of Santa Fe. The diocese covered nearly in West Texas and southern New Mexico and was created from parts of the dioceses of Dallas, San Antonio and Tucson. Jesuit priest Father John J. Brown was appointed bishop of the newly created diocese on 22 January 1915 but resigned before his scheduled consecration.", "id": "18993686" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai (; ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Municipality of Shanghai, China. It was erected on December 13, 1933 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Shanghai by Pope Pius XI, and was later elevated to the rank of a diocese on April 11, 1946 by Pope Pius XII. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Nanking. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is St. Ignatius Cathedral; it also houses a minor basilica in Sheshan", "id": "15983488" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta is a suffragan Latin Church diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1986. The Diocese of Parramatta is an organisation of the Roman Catholic Church, with responsibility for the western suburbs of Sydney and the Blue Mountains, in New South Wales, Australia. St Patrick's Cathedral, Parramatta, is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Parramatta. On 5 May 2016, Pope Francis appointed Vincent Long Van Nguyen OFM Conv to be its fourth bishop. His installation took place on 16 June 2016", "id": "21254601" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Utah\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Utah is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States, encompassing the state of Utah, less that part of the Four Corners region which is in the Navajoland Area Mission. It includes a small part of northern Arizona. In 1867, the Episcopal Church was the first Protestant church organized in Utah. The diocesan offices and cathedral, St. Mark's Cathedral, are in Salt Lake City. The current bishop is Scott B. Hayashi, whose consecration took place on November 6, 2010 and was installed", "id": "17667064" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton is a suffragan see of Archdiocese of Philadelphia, established on March 3, 1868. The seat of the bishop is St. Peter's Cathedral in Scranton, PA. Other cities in the diocese are Wilkes-Barre, Williamsport, Hazleton, Nanticoke, Carbondale, and Pittston. The diocese comprises Lackawanna, Luzerne, Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne, Tioga, Sullivan, Wyoming, Lycoming, Pike, and Monroe counties, all in the northeastern part of Pennsylvania. The area of the diocese is .", "id": "10915059" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the United States. It comprises the territory of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agaña. The diocese was canonically erected on 8 November 1984 by Pope John Paul II. Its territories were taken from the archdiocese based in Guam. The Diocese of Chalan Kanoa is led by a prelate bishop who pastors the mother church, the Our Lady of Mount Carmel Cathedral on Saipan.", "id": "5619001" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Mantua\n\n\nThe Diocese of Mantua () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It was erected in 804, and is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan. The diocese has produced one Pope and (Latin) Patriarch of Constantinople, and two cardinals. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is the Cathedral of S. Pietro Apostolo; Mantua also contains the Basilica of Sant'Andrea. The last Bishop of Mantua iss Gianmarco Busca, appointed by Pope Francis on June 3, 2016. The bishops emeriti are Egidio", "id": "9176744" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kota Kinabalu\n\n\nafter its see. On 31 May 1976 the vicariate was elevated to a full Diocese of Kota Kinabalu, suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kuching. The diocese lost territories twice, to create its present suffragans : On 23 May 2008, the diocese was elevated to Metropolitan Archdiocese, whose ecclesiastical province comprises the above suffragan dioceses, both formerly part of the original territory of the diocese of Kota Kinabalu: the Diocese of Keningau and the Diocese of Sandakan. On 21 June 2010, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Rev.", "id": "11660795" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\nthe diocese in 1850, Pius IX appointed Bishop William Hogarth, Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District, to be the first bishop of the diocese. The Parish Church of Saint Mary, Newcastle upon Tyne, designed by Augustus Welby Pugin, was selected as the seat for the new bishop, gaining cathedral status. In 1924, Pope Pius XI withdrew the old counties of Cumberland and Westmorland to incorporate them into a newly created Diocese of Lancaster. For this reason, the Lancaster diocese still considers St Cuthbert as one of its principal", "id": "6620884" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nof the Diocese of Wisconsin. In 1870, Fond du Lac was the second largest city in Wisconsin. The remaining counties continued as the Diocese of Wisconsin until 1888, when it was renamed the Diocese of Milwaukee. In 1875, after three elections, John Henry Hobart Brown accepted election as first bishop and was consecrated December 15, 1875 at St. John's Episcopal Church, Cohoes, New York. Brown declared the city of Fond du Lac and St. Paul's Church as the episcopal See. The other viable location was Christ", "id": "2071144" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fond du Lac is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, encompassing the northeastern third of Wisconsin. The diocese contains about 5,700 baptized members worshipping in 37 locations. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). Diocesan offices are in Appleton, Wisconsin. The Diocesan Archives are maintained in Grafton Hall behind the Cathedral in Fond du Lac. Matthew Gunter is its bishop. The roots of the Diocese of Fond du Lac begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians, removing from", "id": "2071141" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spiš\n\n\nThe Diocese of Spiš (, ) is a Roman Catholic diocese in northern Slovakia. It covers central and eastern parts of the Žilina Region and western part of the Prešov Region. Its seat is in Spišská Kapitula; the diocese covers an area of 7,802 km² with 583,633 people of which 76.6% are of Catholic faith (2004). The current bishop is Štefan Sečka. The diocese was established on 13 March 1776 as a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Esztergom. In 1804, its metropolitan was changed to the Archdiocese of Eger", "id": "12385676" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Salford\n\n\n-Elizabethan English dioceses of which one of these was the diocese of Salford and went on to take up the reins of part of the former Vicariate Apostolic of the Lancashire District. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but a further development was its assignment under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, to a newly created Province of Liverpool. At the diocese's creation the territory assigned to it was the hundreds of Salford and Blackburn. The diocese currently covers an", "id": "3729210" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering twenty-eight counties in Kansas. Pope Pius XII created the diocese on May 19, 1951. John B. Brungardt was appointed Bishop of Dodge City in December 2010. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City encompasses 23,000-square-miles, and 50 parishes in 28 counties. It was established in 1951 from parts of the Diocese of Wichita, the Diocese of Leavenworth, and the Vicariate Apostolic of the Indian Territory established July 19, 1850. At that", "id": "17635532" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It comprises that part of South Dakota east of the Missouri River. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Paul J. Swain. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Sioux Falls. The cathedral parish is St. Joseph Cathedral. On August 12, 1879 Pope Leo XIII established the Vicariate Apostolic of Dakota from territory taken from the Diocese of", "id": "18993545" } ]

[ { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior () encompasses the city of Superior and the counties of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Lincoln, Oneida, Price, Polk, Rusk, Sawyer, St. Croix, Taylor, Vilas, and Washburn in northern Wisconsin, with an area of . Its episcopal see is Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is its mother church. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The diocese was established on May 3, 1905 by", "id": "9474213" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nPope Pius X. It was created from the northern part of the Diocese of La Crosse and the northwestern part of the Diocese of Green Bay, with Augustine Francis Schinner as the first bishop. Prior to the official founding of the diocese in 1905, there had already been a rich history of Catholicism in the region. Centuries earlier, Catholic missionaries had forged a dynamic presence throughout the Lake Superior region of Wisconsin. The early history of Catholicism in the state of Wisconsin started within the territory that the Diocese of Superior now encompasses,", "id": "9474214" }, { "contents": "List of museums in Wisconsin\n\n\nMarathon, Marquette, Menominee, Milwaukee, Oconto, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan Counties in the north central and northwest area: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Langlade, Lincoln, Oneida, Polk, Price, Rusk, Sawyer, Taylor, Vilas, Washburn South central and southwest area along the Mississippi and Chippewa rivers: Buffalo, Chippewa, Crawford, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Jackson, La Crosse, Pepin, Pierce, St. Croix, Trempealeau, Vernon South", "id": "7014980" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nserved for one year as pastor of St. Hubertus parish at Hubertus, Wisconsin. From 1887 to 1893 he was a member of the faculty of St. Francis Seminary. From 1893 to 1905, he served as chancellor and vicar general of the archdiocese of Milwaukee, appointed by Archbishop Frederick Katzer. The Diocese of Superior was established on May 3, 1905, formed from portions of the Diocese of Green Bay and the Diocese of La Crosse. On May 13, 1905, Pope Pius X appointed Schinner the first Bishop of the newly", "id": "5250913" }, { "contents": "United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin\n\n\nheld at Madison. The district comprises the following counties: Adams, Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Green, Iowa, Iron, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, La Crosse, Lafayette, Lincoln, Marathon, Monroe, Oneida, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Portage, Price, Richland, Rock, Rusk, Sauk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Vilas, Washburn and", "id": "19092884" }, { "contents": "2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin\n\n\na total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark (partial), Douglas, Iron, Langlade (partial), Lincoln, Marathon, Oneida, Polk, Portage, Price, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Washburn and Wood. The district is currently represented by Sean Duffy, a Republican. The PVI of the district is R+8. Duffy is running for reelection. The 8th congressional district includes Green Bay and Appleton. It", "id": "2566179" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nAugustine Francis Schinner (May 1, 1863 – February 7, 1937) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the first Bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin (1905-1913) and first Bishop of the Diocese of Spokane, Washington (1914-1925). Schinner was educated at St. Francis Seminary in Wisconsin, and was ordained to the priesthood on March 7, 1886, by Archbishop Michael Heiss of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee at the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist. He", "id": "5250912" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse\n\n\nthe Workman. The Diocese of La Crosse was established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868, from territory that was taken from what was then the Diocese of Milwaukee. It included the part of Wisconsin lying north and west of the Wisconsin River. Michael Heiss, then head of St. Francis Seminary, Milwaukee, was named the first bishop of the La Crosse episcopal see. On May 3, 1905, the territory of the Dioceses of La Crosse and Green Bay was brought together to form the Diocese of Superior,", "id": "6320305" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nuntil the formation of the Diocese of Lacrosse, and the Diocese of Green Bay, which then served the northern region. Finally, in 1905, the Diocese of Superior was created by Pope Pius X, encompassing 16 counties in northern Wisconsin. The oldest Catholic congregation in the state of Wisconsin (in continuous operation to the present-day) is within the Diocese of Superior. On July 27, 1836, Fr. Frederic Baraga arrived at La Pointe, and immediately set to work, building a log church. Fr.", "id": "9474218" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane\n\n\n, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese. The episcopal see was subsequently moved to Seattle, and the diocese was renamed the Diocese of Seattle in 1907. With a growing population in Spokane and other areas of Eastern Washington, church leadership in Seattle realized that a new diocese needed to be formed, and the Diocese of Spokane was canonically erected by Pope Pius X on December 17, 1913. The diocese's first bishop was Augustine Francis Schinner, the bishop emeritus of the Diocese of", "id": "6861839" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 25\n\n\nThe 25th District of the Wisconsin Senate is located in far north-western Wisconsin, and is currently composed of part or all of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Price, Sawyer, Vilas and Washburn counties. The district area is a mostly rural, and covers more land and more counties than any other district in Wisconsin. Janet Bewley is the senator serving the 25th district. She was elected to a four-year term in 2014. Before serving as a senator, she held an office", "id": "19471671" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nBaraga, like the Jesuit missionaries before him, had success evangelizing the native people. His congregation at La Pointe grew, and also included many early European immigrants, primarily French Fur Traders. In 1838, Fr. Baraga built a larger church at La Pointe, on the spot of the present-day location of \"St. Joseph's Catholic Church\". The first Bishop to serve the Diocese of Superior was Augustine Francis Schinner, who was consecrated as Bishop on July 25, 1905. Bishop Schinner faced many challenges, as", "id": "9474219" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\ncreated diocese. He was ordained a bishop on July 25, 1905. Traveling by train with an entourage of over 60 priests from Milwaukee, he arrived at Ashland, Wisconsin, traveled to the Apostle Islands on a short boat tour, and then continued on to Superior. There were 39 diocesan priests, 17 religious order priests serving 38,861 Catholics in 43 parishes with resident pastors, and 50 missions and 33 stations. For Catholic schools, there was 1 high school, 16 elementary and 2 boarding schools with a total enrollment of", "id": "5250914" }, { "contents": "Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway\n\n\nthe Mississippi River, it lies within parts of eight counties in Wisconsin: Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Pierce, Polk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn; and three in Minnesota: Chisago, Pine, and Washington. The upper St. Croix is a nationally renowned smallmouth bass fishery. Other fish species present in the riverway include walleye, northern pike, sturgeon, muskellunge, and catfish. The Namekagon River upstream of Hayward, Wisconsin is well known for its brown and brook trout fishing. Besides fishing, the riverway", "id": "10086875" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento\n\n\nmother church of the diocese, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament. Originally a major part of the defunct Grass Valley Diocese (which included several counties in northern California and Nevada), the present-day diocese was established by Pope Leo XIII on May 28, 1886. Today, the See of Sacramento remains a ceremonial suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the Dioceses of Honolulu, Las Vegas, Oakland, Reno, Salt Lake City, San Jose, Santa Rosa and Stockton", "id": "4599392" }, { "contents": "Saint Raphael's Cathedral (Madison, Wisconsin)\n\n\nthe state capitol. In 1853, Father Francis Etchmann began constructing the most recent church building. The cornerstone was laid on May 28, 1854 by Bishop John Henni of the Diocese of Milwaukee. He dedicated the new building because the parish was under his jurisdiction at the time. The spire and bells were added in 1885. On January 9, 1946, Pope Pius XII created the Diocese of Madison for an 11-county area in the southwestern part of the state. Territory was taken from the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and the Diocese of", "id": "1920566" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst in Australia\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst (in Australia) is a Latin Church suffragan diocese of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1865, covering the Central West and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia. The Cathedral of St Michael and St John the Baptist is the episcopal see of the Bishop of Bathurst, presently Michael McKenna. The Diocese of Bathurst was erected by Pope Pius IX on 20 June 1865. Prior to this date, the area was considered within the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Sydney, its present", "id": "21254493" }, { "contents": "Joseph Maria Koudelka\n\n\n29, 1907, Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland and he was ordained on February 25, 1908 with a special ministry to the Slavic community. On June 24, 1911 Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. He was ordained as the first auxiliary bishop of Milwaukee on September 4, 1911. On August 6, 1913, Pope Pius X appointed Koudelka the second bishop of the Diocese of Superior. He was installed at the pro-cathedral of Sacred Heart in", "id": "18330746" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nThe Archdiocese of Milwaukee () is a Roman Catholic archdiocese headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the United States. It encompasses the City of Milwaukee, as well as the counties of Dodge, Fond du Lac, Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Walworth, Washington and Waukesha, all located in Wisconsin. The Archdiocese of Milwaukee is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milwaukee, which includes the suffragan dioceses of Green Bay, La Crosse, Madison, and Superior. , Jerome Edward Listecki is the Archbishop", "id": "9546478" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering nineteen counties in northwestern Ohio. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The See city for the diocese is Toledo. The eighth and current Bishop of Toledo is Daniel Edward Thomas. Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Pius X erected the diocese April 15, 1910, in territory taken from the Diocese of Cleveland. The arms of the See of Toledo are based upon", "id": "6750935" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin's 7th congressional district\n\n\nWisconsin's 7th congressional district is a congressional district of the United States House of Representatives in northwestern and central Wisconsin; it is the largest congressional district in the state geographically, covering 20 counties (in whole or part), for a total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, St. Croix, Chippewa (partial), Clark, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Jackson (partial), Juneau (partial), Langlade, Lincoln, Marathon,", "id": "8780919" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez () is located in the northern Mexican city of the same name, across the Río Grande from El Paso, Texas. It is part of the ecclesiastical province of Chihuahua and is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Chihuahua . The Diocese of Ciudad Juárez was erected by Pope Pius XII on 10 April 1957 from the Diocese of Chihuahua because of the population growth in the northern part of the state of Chihuahua. Pope Pius named Manuel Talamás Camandari as the first bishop, and by 1966", "id": "13992785" }, { "contents": "Superior, Wisconsin\n\n\nSuperior come from the Duluth market: Superior is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Francis Xavier Catholic Church, located in the East End of Superior, has been noted for its architecture. Christ Evangelical Lutheran Church is the only congregation of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod located in Superior. It recently moved from its original location on Belknap Street to a new campus on North 28th Street. Pilgrim Lutheran Church is located", "id": "4103054" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi (\"Dioecesis Uromiensis\") in Uromi, Edo State, Nigeria was created on December 14, 2005, when it was split off from the Archdiocese of Benin City. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Benin City. Its first bishop was Augustine Obiora Akubeze (who was named Archbishop of Benin City in March 2011). The St Anthony of Padua church in Uromi was selected to be its cathedral. The canonical erection of the diocese and the episcopal ordination of the bishop took", "id": "2286692" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the northwestern United States, comprising the northern regions of the state of Alaska. It is led by a bishop who serves as pastor of the mother church, Sacred Heart Cathedral in the City of Fairbanks. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Anchorage. The See of Fairbanks was established from the Prefecture Apostolic of Alaska on July 27, 1894, which was created from the Diocese of Vancouver Island. It was", "id": "7747608" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough () is a suffragan Latin diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kingston, Ontario that includes part of the federal Province of Ontario in inland Canada. Its episcopal see is the Cathedral of Saint Peter-in-Chains in Peterborough, Ontario. On March 10, 2017, the Pope named former Hamilton Auxiliary Bishop Daniel J. Miehm as the new Bishop of Peterborough. Established on 25 January 1874 as Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Canada, on territory split off from the Diocese of Kingston", "id": "5387249" }, { "contents": "Catholic Diocese of Guiratinga\n\n\nThe Diocese of Guiratinga (Dioecesis Guiratingensis) was a former ecclesiastical circumscription of the Catholic Church in Brazil, belonging to the Ecclesiastical Province of Cuiabá and the West II Regional Bishops' Council of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil, being a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cuiabá. The episcopal see is the Cathedral St. John the Baptist in the city of Guiratinga in the state of Mato Grosso. The Prelature Registry Araguaia (Territorialis Praelatura Registrensis or Territorialis Praelatura registration Araguaia) was erected on May 12, 1914 by Pope Pius X", "id": "4926427" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America encompassing the northwestern third of Wisconsin. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). The faith community comprises 20 interdependent congregations, mostly small and rural. The see and diocesan offices are in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, with Christ Church Cathedral as the mother church. Christ Church in La Crosse is the largest church in the diocese. The roots of the Diocese of Eau Claire begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians", "id": "2071071" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Motherwell\n\n\nCumbernauld and the area of Auchinloch) and South Lanarkshire. The diocese, along with the Diocese of Paisley, was erected as a Suffragan See by the Apostolic Constitution \"Maxime interest\" on 25 May 1947. The new See took part of the Archdiocese of Glasgow (becoming its Suffragan See) and part of the Diocese of Galloway. At present the diocese is vacant. The most recent Bishop of Motherwell was the Right Reverend Joseph Devine, whose resignation was accepted by Pope Francis on 30 May 2013. On Tuesday 29 April", "id": "3729293" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 28\n\n\nBayfield), Pepin, Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix Counties. The first Senator from the 28th was William Wilson of Menomonie, who served in the 1857 session (the tenth session of the Wisconsin Legislature). The district has also been represented by: As of the redistricting of 1861, the 28th now consisted of Ashland, Burnett, Dallas (later renamed Barron), Douglas, La Pointe (later renamed Bayfield), Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix counties (it was not changed in the redistricting of", "id": "2063122" }, { "contents": "List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Northern Ireland\n\n\nIn the Roman Catholic Church, the entirety of Northern Ireland is comprehended by the ecclesiastical province of Armagh. The eponymous archdiocese and five of its suffragan dioceses cover the area of Northern Ireland. The diocesan and archdiocesan boundaries are not coterminous with the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Only two dioceses are entirely contained within Northern Ireland: Down and Connor and the Diocese of Dromore. Three dioceses and the Archdiocese of Armagh straddle the border. The Archdiocese and its suffragans are all part of the Episcopal conference of Ireland", "id": "14015256" }, { "contents": "Anglican Bishop of Nottingham\n\n\nThe Anglican Bishop of Nottingham was an episcopal title used by a Church of England suffragan bishop. The title took its name after the county town of Nottingham and was first created under the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534. Until 1837, Nottingham had been part of the Diocese of York, when it then became part of the Diocese of Lincoln. With the creation of the Diocese of Southwell in 1884, Nottingham became part of that diocese, but the then- (and final) bishop remained suffragan to Lincoln. Since 2005, Nottingham gives", "id": "20176138" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell () is an ecclesiastical diocese of the Catholic Church in Scotland. The diocese, which was erected on 25 May 1947 by Pope Pius XII from the Archdiocese of Glasgow, along with the Diocese of Paisley which was erected on the same day, remains one of two suffragan sees under the Archdiocese. On Tuesday 29 April 2014 - the Feast of St Catherine of Siena - Pope Francis appointed Joseph Toal as the fifth Bishop of Motherwell. In 2004, the Catholic population, proportionately the largest in", "id": "16456386" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nnative people, and baptized over 1,000 converts. During this time, the region was being overseen by French Catholic leaders in Quebec, which became a diocese in 1674, encompassing all of North America east of the Mississippi River. In 1791, the region was transferred to the Diocese of Baltimore, which was the first Catholic diocese created in the then-newly formed United States. In 1843, the Diocese of Milwaukee was established, and consisted of the entire state of Wisconsin. Northern Wisconsin remained within the Diocese of Milwaukee,", "id": "9474217" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nEpiscopal Diocese of Milwaukee, originally the Diocese of Wisconsin is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America located in the southern area of Wisconsin. It is in Province V (for the Midwest region). The Rt. Reverend Steven Miller is the bishop. The see city is Milwaukee. Cathedral Church of All Saints, Milwaukee is the mother church. The diocese was formed after Jackson Kemper was named the Episcopal Church's first missionary bishop and oversaw the church's mission to the Northwest Territories from 1835 to", "id": "2071175" }, { "contents": "Joseph G. Pinten\n\n\nvicar general, in 1919 purchased dormitory property of Northern Normal College and donated it to the diocese to use as a church with conditions that it be named after Saint Michael and that the new parish build a school. On November 30, 1921, Pope Benedict XV appointed Pinten the third bishop of the Superior Diocese. He was ordained bishop on May 3, 1922 at St. Peter Cathedral with Archbishop Sebastian Messmer of Milwaukee presiding. The next day an enthronement ceremony was held a Sacred Heart pro-cathedral in Superior. After his", "id": "18330981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kansas City–Saint Joseph\n\n\nXIII established the Diocese of Kansas City, with territories taken from the Archdiocese of St. Louis. Its first bishop was John Joseph Hogan. On July 2, 1956, the diocese incorporated part of the territory of the Diocese of Saint Joseph, which had been established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868. On the same date in 1956 part of the Diocese of Kansas City's territory went to establish the Diocese of Jefferson City and the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau. The diocese received its present name and boundaries", "id": "13839607" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Kerry\n\n\nThe Bishop of Kerry is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kerry, one of the suffragan dioceses of the Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly in Ireland. The Episcopal see changed its name from Ardfert and Aghadoe to Kerry on 20 December 1952. The bishop's seat (Cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church Saint Mary, Killarney. The current bishop is the Most Reverend Raymond Browne who was appointed Bishop of Kerry by Pope Francis on 2 May 2013 and received episcopal consecration at St Mary's Cathedral, Killarney on 21", "id": "20835420" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle\n\n\nas a result by 1850 the Diocese of Walla Walla was abandoned and its merged-in territory administered from Oregon City. On May 31, 1850, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese, with Augustin Blanchet as bishop. In January 1851, Augustin Blanchet dedicated St. James Church near Fort Vancouver as the new diocese's cathedral. A new St. James Cathedral was built in Vancouver, Washington in 1885. In 1903 Bishop Edward O'Dea, realizing that Vancouver was no longer the economic and", "id": "6861805" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nthe head of the new diocese, including the need to recruit priests to serve the growing number of parishes throughout the diocese. By the time Bishop Schinner resigned as the bishop of Superior in 1913, he saw the pool of priests grow from 39 diocesan priests in 1905 to 62 in 1913. Today, there are now 105 parishes within the Diocese of Superior. The following is a list of the Roman Catholic Bishops of the Diocese of Superior and their years of service: The Diocese of Superior has a membership of 73,638 Catholics", "id": "9474220" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Northern California. The diocese comprises Alameda and Contra Costa Counties in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Cathedral of Christ the Light serves as the bishop's seat, replacing the Cathedral of Saint Francis de Sales which was demolished after the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989. Once a part of the Archdiocese of San Francisco, the Diocese of Oakland remains a suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the", "id": "4599275" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\ndioceses which did not formally claim any continuity with the pre-Elizabethan English dioceses were created. The Vicariate Apostolic of the Northern District was duly elevated to diocese status as the Diocese of Hexham. On 23 May 1861 the diocese became the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, it was assigned to the newly created Province of Liverpool. The present diocese covers an area of 7,700 km²", "id": "3501975" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\n1859. He became provisional bishop of Wisconsin from 1847 to 1854 and first bishop of the Diocese of Wisconsin from 1854 to 1870. In 1875, the Diocese of Fond du Lac was created to serve the northeastern 26 counties of the state. The Diocese of Eau Claire, was carved out of the diocese in 1928 for the counties in the northwestern part of Wisconsin. The Diocese of Wisconsin became the Diocese of Milwaukee in 1886. Over the last few years the membership has declined from 15,000 to 11,000. Nashotah House, in", "id": "2071176" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson\n\n\nThe Diocese of Paterson is a diocese of the Roman Rite of the Latin Catholic Church in the United States, which includes three counties in northern New Jersey: Passaic, Morris, and Sussex. The city of Paterson, third-largest in the state of New Jersey, was chosen as the episcopal see, even though the vast majority of diocesan territory lies west of the city. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Newark, and is part of Region III of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. The", "id": "14672461" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay () was established on March 3, 1868, by Pope Pius IX. It covers the city of Green Bay, as well as Brown, Calumet, Door, Florence, Forest, Kewaunee, Langlade, Manitowoc, Marinette, Menominee, Oconto, Outagamie, Shawano, Waupaca, Waushara and Winnebago counties in Wisconsin. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The earliest trace of the Catholic faith in the Green Bay area was in 1634. Jesuits followed Jean Nicolet to", "id": "9417148" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering the parishes of northern Louisiana, and a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. Its bishop is part of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and belongs to Conference Region V (which includes Alabama, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee). Its mother church is the Cathedral of Saint John Berchmans, in Shreveport. The Diocese of Shreveport was canonically erected on June 16, 1986 when Pope John Paul II split the former Diocese of", "id": "18926928" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids () is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in western Michigan, in the United States. It comprises 102 churches in 11 counties in West Michigan. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Detroit. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of Saint Andrew. On April 18, 2013, Pope Francis accepted Bishop Walter A. Hurley's resignation and appointed the Rev. David J. Walkowiak to be the twelfth Bishop of Grand Rapids. The diocese was created from territory taken from", "id": "221824" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Suacia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Svač (, , ) was a bishopric with see in the town of Svač (Latinized as Suacia), which is today the village lying to the east of Ulcinj in Montenegro that is called in Serbian Шас, in Croat Šas and in Albanian Shas. The area was part of the late Roman province of Dalmatia Superior, and the Catholic Church, which includes the diocese in its list of Latin titular sees, accordingly treats it as a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Doclea. The diocese of Svač (", "id": "4011385" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck () is a Roman Catholic diocese in North Dakota. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop David Kagan. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Bismarck. The Cathedral parish of the diocese is Cathedral of the Holy Spirit. On December 31, 1909 Saint Pius X established the Diocese of Bismarck. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Fargo. The list of bishops of the diocese and their terms of service", "id": "18993019" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fiesole\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fiesole () is a Roman Catholic diocese in Tuscany, central Italy, whose episcopal see is the city of Fiesole. Fiesole was directly subject to the pope until 1420, when the archdiocese of Florence was created and Fiesole was made one of its suffragan bishops. It is still a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Florence. According to local legend the Gospel was first preached at Fiesole by Messius Romulus, said to have been a disciple of St. Peter. Documentary evidence, however, is from the 9th and", "id": "3288239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangalore\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Bangalore () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in India. It was erected as the Diocese of Bangalore on 13 February 1940 by Pope Pius XII, and elevated to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese on 19 September 1953, with the suffragan sees of Belgaum, Bellary, Chikmagalur, Gulbarga, Karwar, Mangalore, Udupi, Mysore, and Shimoga. The archdiocese's mother church and thus seat of its archbishop is the St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral; Bangalore also houses", "id": "9571833" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City () is a Roman Catholic diocese in western South Dakota, United States. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Robert Dwayne Gruss. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Rapid City. The Cathedral parish is the Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. On August 6, 1902 Saint Pius X established the diocese as the Diocese of Lead. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Sioux Falls. The", "id": "18993239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong is a suffragan Latin Rite diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1951, covering the Illawarra and Southern Highlands regions of New South Wales, Australia. St Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Wollongong is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Wollongong, currently Brian Mascord. On 15 November 1951, Pope Pius XII announced that a new diocese would be created from the two archdioceses of Sydney and Canberra & Goulburn. To be named Wollongong, the diocese was officially established on 11 February 1952.", "id": "21254634" }, { "contents": "Cathedral of Christ the King (Superior, Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Cathedral of Christ the King is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior in Superior, Wisconsin. It was named in honor of Christ the King. The building is located at 1111 Belknap Street in Superior. When the Diocese of Superior was established in 1905 Sacred Heart church, which had been established in the 1880s, was designated the pro-cathedral. Sacred Heart continued in this function until 1926. The cathedral construction project was announced in February 1926 and the groundbreaking occurred on June 23, 1926. Bishop", "id": "2884619" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nsuffragan sees were erected in Indiana and Illinois. In 1843 the Illinois portion of the diocese became the Diocese of Chicago. On 8 January 1857 the northern half of Indiana comprised the Diocese of Fort Wayne. On 28 March 1898 the episcopal diocese was transferred from Vincennes to Indianapolis, and the Diocese of Vincennes became the Diocese of Indianapolis. In 1944 Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese and founded two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The city of Vincennes, the former", "id": "4928244" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary () is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States of America. It was founded on December 17, 1956, by Pope Pius XII. It is one of four suffragan dioceses of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Its ecclesiastic territory includes Lake, Porter, LaPorte, and Starke counties in northwestern Indiana. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of the Holy Angels in Gary, Indiana. During the first half of the 20th century, many Catholic immigrants", "id": "17635414" }, { "contents": "Red Cedar River (Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Red Cedar River in northwestern Wisconsin is a tributary of the Chippewa River. According to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the river flows approximately 100 miles from southwestern Sawyer County to its confluence with the Chippewa southeast of Dunnville in southern Dunn County. It drains portions of eight Wisconsin counties: Barron, Chippewa, Dunn, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn. Important tributaries include the Chetek River and the Hay River. Important settlements along the river's course include Cameron, Rice Lake, Colfax,", "id": "2013455" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\n, he chose Indianapolis, the state capital of Indiana and the largest city in the diocese, as the new seat of the episcopal see. Between 1837 and 1882 seventy-five priests were ordained at St. Francis Xavier, including Michael E. Shawe, the first priest ordained in Indiana. In 1898 the episcopal see was moved to Indianapolis and it became the Diocese of Indianapolis. Bishop Chatard was its first bishop. St. Francis Xavier remained under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Indianapolis from 1898 to 1944, when Pope Pius XII elevated", "id": "1660117" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln () is a Catholic diocese in Nebraska, United States, and comprises the majority of the eastern and central portions of the state south of the Platte River. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Omaha. The episcopal see is in Lincoln, Nebraska. Bishop James D. Conley is the current ordinary of the Diocese. The Cathedral of the Risen Christ is the cathedral parish of the diocese. The diocese was established on August 2, 1887, by Pope Leo XIII from the territory", "id": "18992119" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná () is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Concordia and Gualeguaychú. On 13 June 1859, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of Paraná from the Diocese of Buenos Aires. It lost territory to the Diocese of Santa Fe when it was created in 1897 and the Diocese of Corrientes in 1910. The Diocese of Paraná was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope Pius XI on 20 April 1934. It lost territory two more times when the dioceses of Gualeguaychú (1957) and Concordia (1961", "id": "14584212" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nDiocese of Indianapolis. Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese in 1944, and erected two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The Diocese of Gary, Indiana, was erected in 1956. The Evansville Diocese absorbed the city of Vincennes upon its creation. The first four Bishops of Vincennes resided at the seat of the episcopal diocese in Vincennes. Their remains are buried in the crypt of St. Francis Xavier Basilica, Vincennes. Bishop Chatard, who resided in Indianapolis and also served", "id": "4928227" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kumba\n\n\nThe Diocese of Kumba (Latin: \"Diocesis Kumbana;\" French: \"Diocèse de Kumba\") is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the African country of Cameroon. Headquartered in Kumba, the diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart and its bishop is Agapitus Enuyehnyoh Nfon. The diocese was created on 15 March 2016 by Pope Francis from territory in the Diocese of Buéa, and it is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Bamenda. On 15 March 2016, Pope Francis established the Diocese of Kumba", "id": "4860060" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grass Valley\n\n\nThe Diocese of Grass Valley () now a titular see, was formerly a residential diocese of the Catholic Church located in northeastern California, United States. The diocese also included most of Nevada, and, early in its history, Utah and part of Colorado. The particular church that became the Diocese of Grass Valley was erected in by Pope Pius IX in 1860 as the Vicariate Apostolic of Marysville from territory formerly belonging to the Archdiocese of San Francisco, of which it was a suffragan see. In 1868, the see city", "id": "1681182" }, { "contents": "James Patrick Powers\n\n\nJames Patrick Powers (born February 6, 1953) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church and the eleventh bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin. Powers was born in Baldwin, Wisconsin on February 6, 1953. He graduated from St. Croix Central High School, in Hammond, Wisconsin, and from Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Powers was ordained a priest of the Superior Diocese on May 20, 1990. He served as administrator of the diocese from December 2014 to February 2016,", "id": "11695981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Teggiano-Policastro\n\n\nThe Italian Latin Catholic Diocese of (Diano-)Teggiano-Policastro (), in Campania, has existed since 1850, under its present name since 1986. In that year the Diocese of Diano-Teggiano was united with the diocese of Policastro. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno. Its cathedral episcopal see is the Marian Cattedrale di S. Maria Maggiore e S. Michele Arcangelo, in Teggiano. The current bishop is Antonio De Luca. On 29 September 1850, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of", "id": "18017079" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth is a Latin Church Roman Catholic diocese in England. The episcopal see is in the city of Plymouth, Devon, where the bishop's seat (cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church of St Mary and St Boniface. Erected as the Diocese of Plymouth in 1850 by Pope Pius IX, from the Apostolic Vicariate of the Western District, the diocese has remained jurisdictionally constant since. Since 1965, the diocese has been a suffragan see of the Ecclesiastical Province of Southwark; before then, from", "id": "8307114" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson (, ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the southwestern region of the United States. It is a suffragan see of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santa Fe. The diocese was recently led by its seventh bishop, Most Reverend Gerald Frederick Kicanas, who retired on October 3, 2017. The See city for the diocese is Tucson, Arizona, and its cathedral parish is the St. Augustine. Another church of special interest is the Mission San Xavier del Bac, also", "id": "7747261" }, { "contents": "Diocese of Rochester\n\n\n) were added to Rochester, while all West Kent parishes except those in the Rochester Deanery were transferred to the Diocese of Canterbury. In May 1877, Essex and Hertfordshire became part of the newly created Diocese of St Albans. On 1 August 1877, the Diocese of Rochester gained some northern parts of Surrey from the Diocese of Winchester which were later transferred to the Diocese of Southwark at its creation in 1905. The present diocesan bishop, the Bishop of Rochester, is James Langstaff. The diocese also has a suffragan bishop:", "id": "3447784" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the Ecclesiastical Province of Cincinnati covering 23 counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The episcopal see of the diocese is situated at Columbus. The diocese was erected on March 3, 1868 by Pope Pius IX out of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. On October 21, 1944 the diocese lost territory when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Steubenville. The Catholic faith was brought in the area by the Dominican Order in Somerset. They established St. Joseph's Parish", "id": "6750859" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral (Alexandria, Louisiana)\n\n\n, and the clock was installed in 1908. Because of the newly constructed church and Alexandria's central location, Bishop Cornelius Van de Ven petitioned the Roman Curia to transfer the seat of the diocese from Natchitoches to Alexandria. Pope Pius X created the suffragan Diocese of Alexandria on . St. Francis Xavier Church was elevated to the rank of cathedral of the newly created diocese. The current bishop of Alexandria is Sede Vacante, and the rector of the cathedral is Father James A. Ferguson. The cathedral's rose windows are the largest in", "id": "16556508" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of Ohio. Pope Pius IX erected the diocese April 23, 1847, in territory taken from the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The diocese lost territory in 1910 when Pope Pius X erected the Diocese of Toledo, and in 1943 when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Youngstown. It is currently the 17th-largest diocese in the United States by population, encompassing the counties of Ashland, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Medina,", "id": "6750690" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pavia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Pavia () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It has been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan only since 1817. Previous to the reorganization of the hierarchy in northern Italy by Pope Pius VII after the expulsion of the French and the Congress of Vienna, the diocese of Pavia had depended directly upon the Holy See, despite repeated failed attempts on the part of the Archbishops of Milan to claim control. The diocese has produced one Pope and Patriarch of Venice, and three cardinals. The", "id": "9177548" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza () is an archdiocese located in the city of Fortaleza in Brazil. On June 6, 1854, it was established by Pope Pius IX, as the Diocese of Ceará from the Diocese of Olinda. Formerly a part of the Diocese of Pernambuco, the district was erected into a separate diocese, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Bahia. João Guerino Gomes was named as first bishop but did not accept the appointment. Father Gomes, who was famous in his day both as an orator and as", "id": "5595432" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lansing\n\n\nThe Catholic Diocese of Lansing () is located in Lansing, Michigan. It encompasses an area of including the counties of Clinton, Eaton, Genesee, Hillsdale, Ingham, Jackson, Lenawee, Livingston, Shiawassee and Washtenaw. It is a suffragan diocese of the ecclesiastical province of Detroit. Pope Pius XI created the Diocese of Lansing May 22, 1937 by taking territory from the Archdiocese of Detroit. In July 1971, Pope Paul VI separated territory from the Lansing Diocese and territory from the Diocese of Grand Rapids to form the", "id": "4281991" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza () is in Argentina and is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Neuquén and San Rafael. On 20 April 1934, Pope Pius XI established the Diocese of Mendoza from the Diocese of San Juan de Cuyo. It lost territory to the Diocese of San Rafael when it was created in 1961. At the same time, the Diocese of Mendoza was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope John XXIII on 10 April 1961./small On 5 May 2017, Kosaka Kumiko, a Japanese-Argentinian nun,", "id": "15288343" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City () is the Roman Catholic diocese for the northwestern quarter of the US state of Iowa. The diocese comprises 24 counties in northwestern Iowa, and it covers an area of . The See city for the diocese is Sioux City. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The cathedral parish for this diocese is the Epiphany. R. Walker Nickless was ordained as bishop of Sioux City on 20 January 2006. On 24 July, 1900, Pope Leo XIII issued a papal bull", "id": "394842" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis\n\n\nlater period the church first came into the area with the arrival of missionaries and European settlers. The original see was canonically erected by Pope Pius IX on July 19, 1850 as the Diocese of Saint Paul of Minnesota, a suffragan episcopal see of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis. The Diocese's territory was taken from that of Dubuque, and its authority spread over all of Minnesota Territory, which consisted of the area which now composes the states of Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota and also comprises the modern archdiocese's ecclesiastical", "id": "7457113" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Sherborne\n\n\nThe Bishop of Sherborne is an episcopal title which takes its name from the market town of Sherborne in Dorset, England. The see of Sherborne was established in around 705 by St Aldhelm, the Abbot of Malmesbury. This see was the mother diocese of the greater part of southwestern England in Saxon times, but after the Norman Conquest was incorporated into the new Diocese of Salisbury. The title Bishop of Sherborne is now used by the Church of England for a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Salisbury. In 1925, the title", "id": "4184192" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\nthe episcopal see to the Archdiocese of Indianapolis and established two new suffragan diocese in Indiana: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. On 14 March 1970 Pope Paul VI raised the status of St. Francis Xavier Cathedral to a basilica. The present Greek Revival-style basilica dates from 1826, making it the oldest Catholic church in Indiana. It was built on or near the site of two earlier churches. The first chapel, a crude structure measuring 22 feet by 66 feet, with log posts, mud daub,", "id": "1660118" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Caserta\n\n\nThe Diocese of Caserta () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Campania, southern Italy. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Naples. In 1818 Pope Pius VII united this see with the diocese of Caiazzo, but Pope Pius IX made them separate sees. In 2013 in the diocese of Caserta there was one priest for every 1,703 Catholics. It is not known when Caserta became an episcopal see. The first-known bishop was Ranulfo whose election in 1113 was confirmed by Senne, Archbishop of Capua. \"Erected", "id": "16395150" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia\n\n\nThe Italian Catholic Diocese of Pescia () is in Tuscany. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Pisa. In 1519 Pope Leo X withdrew Pescia from the archdiocese of Lucca, raising it to the dignity of a prelacy nullius; and in 1726 it was made a diocese, suffragan of Pisa. Its first bishop was Bartolommeo Pucci (1728). Others were Francesco Vicenti (1773–1801), and Giulio Serafini. On 25 November 2015, Pope Francis appointed as the new Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia,", "id": "15933634" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur\n\n\nLumpur was dedicated to St John the evangelist in 1883, and would be later known as St. John's Cathedral, the Mother Church of Kuala Lumpur. In 1955, the Diocese of Malacca became a Metropolitan Archdiocese, with the newly formed Diocese of Penang and Diocese of Kuala Lumpur as its suffragan sees. Bishop Dominic Vendargon was appointed as the first Bishop of Kuala Lumpur, and was ordained in the same year. In 1972, the Diocese of Kuala Lumpur was elevated into an Archdiocese, with the suffragan dioceses of Penang and", "id": "14666462" }, { "contents": "WESTconsin Credit Union\n\n\nanyone who lives or works in the Wisconsin counties of Barron, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Dunn, Eau Claire, Jackson, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau or Washburn, or the Minnesota counties of Anoka, Chisago, Dakota, Goodhue, Isanti, Ramsey, Wabasha, and Washington with a $5 deposit in a membership share (savings) account. Presently, \"WEST\"consin Credit Union has five fully operational high school offices that are located in Amery,", "id": "1182556" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zamboanga\n\n\nthe future city of Zamboanga. On January 20, 1933, Pope Pius XI divided Mindanao into two areas. Southern Mindanao including the Sulu Archipelago became under the jurisdiction of Zamboanga. Northern Mindanao became under the Diocese of Cagayan de Oro. In 1951 Cagayan de Oro became an archdiocese, the first in the island of Mindanao. All episcopal jurisdictions in Mindanao and Sulu, including Zamboanga, became suffragans of this archdiocese. The Diocese of Zamboanga was further divided when the Prelature Nullius of Davao was established and separated in 1949; the", "id": "18254813" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiavari\n\n\nThe Diocese of Chiavari () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Liguria, northern Italy. It was created on 3 December 1892 by Pope Leo XIII in the Bull \"Romani Pontifices\". It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Genoa. Chiavari became an episcopal see in 1892, but until 1896 it was administered by Tommaso Reggio, the Archbishop of Genoa, to which diocese it originally belonged, through his Auxiliary Bishop and Vicar General, Fortunato Vinelli, titular bishop of Epiphania (Cilicia, Ottoman Empire). The", "id": "15328930" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of El Paso\n\n\nwest Texas were served by travelling priests in car and horseback. After Pinto's efforts, Catholic parishes began to flourish in El Paso. On 3 March 1914, Pope Pius X established the Diocese of El Paso as a suffragan see of Santa Fe. The diocese covered nearly in West Texas and southern New Mexico and was created from parts of the dioceses of Dallas, San Antonio and Tucson. Jesuit priest Father John J. Brown was appointed bishop of the newly created diocese on 22 January 1915 but resigned before his scheduled consecration.", "id": "18993686" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai (; ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Municipality of Shanghai, China. It was erected on December 13, 1933 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Shanghai by Pope Pius XI, and was later elevated to the rank of a diocese on April 11, 1946 by Pope Pius XII. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Nanking. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is St. Ignatius Cathedral; it also houses a minor basilica in Sheshan", "id": "15983488" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta is a suffragan Latin Church diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1986. The Diocese of Parramatta is an organisation of the Roman Catholic Church, with responsibility for the western suburbs of Sydney and the Blue Mountains, in New South Wales, Australia. St Patrick's Cathedral, Parramatta, is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Parramatta. On 5 May 2016, Pope Francis appointed Vincent Long Van Nguyen OFM Conv to be its fourth bishop. His installation took place on 16 June 2016", "id": "21254601" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Utah\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Utah is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States, encompassing the state of Utah, less that part of the Four Corners region which is in the Navajoland Area Mission. It includes a small part of northern Arizona. In 1867, the Episcopal Church was the first Protestant church organized in Utah. The diocesan offices and cathedral, St. Mark's Cathedral, are in Salt Lake City. The current bishop is Scott B. Hayashi, whose consecration took place on November 6, 2010 and was installed", "id": "17667064" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton is a suffragan see of Archdiocese of Philadelphia, established on March 3, 1868. The seat of the bishop is St. Peter's Cathedral in Scranton, PA. Other cities in the diocese are Wilkes-Barre, Williamsport, Hazleton, Nanticoke, Carbondale, and Pittston. The diocese comprises Lackawanna, Luzerne, Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne, Tioga, Sullivan, Wyoming, Lycoming, Pike, and Monroe counties, all in the northeastern part of Pennsylvania. The area of the diocese is .", "id": "10915059" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the United States. It comprises the territory of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agaña. The diocese was canonically erected on 8 November 1984 by Pope John Paul II. Its territories were taken from the archdiocese based in Guam. The Diocese of Chalan Kanoa is led by a prelate bishop who pastors the mother church, the Our Lady of Mount Carmel Cathedral on Saipan.", "id": "5619001" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Mantua\n\n\nThe Diocese of Mantua () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It was erected in 804, and is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan. The diocese has produced one Pope and (Latin) Patriarch of Constantinople, and two cardinals. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is the Cathedral of S. Pietro Apostolo; Mantua also contains the Basilica of Sant'Andrea. The last Bishop of Mantua iss Gianmarco Busca, appointed by Pope Francis on June 3, 2016. The bishops emeriti are Egidio", "id": "9176744" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kota Kinabalu\n\n\nafter its see. On 31 May 1976 the vicariate was elevated to a full Diocese of Kota Kinabalu, suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kuching. The diocese lost territories twice, to create its present suffragans : On 23 May 2008, the diocese was elevated to Metropolitan Archdiocese, whose ecclesiastical province comprises the above suffragan dioceses, both formerly part of the original territory of the diocese of Kota Kinabalu: the Diocese of Keningau and the Diocese of Sandakan. On 21 June 2010, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Rev.", "id": "11660795" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\nthe diocese in 1850, Pius IX appointed Bishop William Hogarth, Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District, to be the first bishop of the diocese. The Parish Church of Saint Mary, Newcastle upon Tyne, designed by Augustus Welby Pugin, was selected as the seat for the new bishop, gaining cathedral status. In 1924, Pope Pius XI withdrew the old counties of Cumberland and Westmorland to incorporate them into a newly created Diocese of Lancaster. For this reason, the Lancaster diocese still considers St Cuthbert as one of its principal", "id": "6620884" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nof the Diocese of Wisconsin. In 1870, Fond du Lac was the second largest city in Wisconsin. The remaining counties continued as the Diocese of Wisconsin until 1888, when it was renamed the Diocese of Milwaukee. In 1875, after three elections, John Henry Hobart Brown accepted election as first bishop and was consecrated December 15, 1875 at St. John's Episcopal Church, Cohoes, New York. Brown declared the city of Fond du Lac and St. Paul's Church as the episcopal See. The other viable location was Christ", "id": "2071144" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fond du Lac is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, encompassing the northeastern third of Wisconsin. The diocese contains about 5,700 baptized members worshipping in 37 locations. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). Diocesan offices are in Appleton, Wisconsin. The Diocesan Archives are maintained in Grafton Hall behind the Cathedral in Fond du Lac. Matthew Gunter is its bishop. The roots of the Diocese of Fond du Lac begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians, removing from", "id": "2071141" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spiš\n\n\nThe Diocese of Spiš (, ) is a Roman Catholic diocese in northern Slovakia. It covers central and eastern parts of the Žilina Region and western part of the Prešov Region. Its seat is in Spišská Kapitula; the diocese covers an area of 7,802 km² with 583,633 people of which 76.6% are of Catholic faith (2004). The current bishop is Štefan Sečka. The diocese was established on 13 March 1776 as a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Esztergom. In 1804, its metropolitan was changed to the Archdiocese of Eger", "id": "12385676" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Salford\n\n\n-Elizabethan English dioceses of which one of these was the diocese of Salford and went on to take up the reins of part of the former Vicariate Apostolic of the Lancashire District. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but a further development was its assignment under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, to a newly created Province of Liverpool. At the diocese's creation the territory assigned to it was the hundreds of Salford and Blackburn. The diocese currently covers an", "id": "3729210" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering twenty-eight counties in Kansas. Pope Pius XII created the diocese on May 19, 1951. John B. Brungardt was appointed Bishop of Dodge City in December 2010. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City encompasses 23,000-square-miles, and 50 parishes in 28 counties. It was established in 1951 from parts of the Diocese of Wichita, the Diocese of Leavenworth, and the Vicariate Apostolic of the Indian Territory established July 19, 1850. At that", "id": "17635532" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It comprises that part of South Dakota east of the Missouri River. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Paul J. Swain. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Sioux Falls. The cathedral parish is St. Joseph Cathedral. On August 12, 1879 Pope Leo XIII established the Vicariate Apostolic of Dakota from territory taken from the Diocese of", "id": "18993545" } ]

[ { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior () encompasses the city of Superior and the counties of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Lincoln, Oneida, Price, Polk, Rusk, Sawyer, St. Croix, Taylor, Vilas, and Washburn in northern Wisconsin, with an area of . Its episcopal see is Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is its mother church. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The diocese was established on May 3, 1905 by", "id": "9474213" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nPope Pius X. It was created from the northern part of the Diocese of La Crosse and the northwestern part of the Diocese of Green Bay, with Augustine Francis Schinner as the first bishop. Prior to the official founding of the diocese in 1905, there had already been a rich history of Catholicism in the region. Centuries earlier, Catholic missionaries had forged a dynamic presence throughout the Lake Superior region of Wisconsin. The early history of Catholicism in the state of Wisconsin started within the territory that the Diocese of Superior now encompasses,", "id": "9474214" }, { "contents": "List of museums in Wisconsin\n\n\nMarathon, Marquette, Menominee, Milwaukee, Oconto, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan Counties in the north central and northwest area: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Langlade, Lincoln, Oneida, Polk, Price, Rusk, Sawyer, Taylor, Vilas, Washburn South central and southwest area along the Mississippi and Chippewa rivers: Buffalo, Chippewa, Crawford, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Jackson, La Crosse, Pepin, Pierce, St. Croix, Trempealeau, Vernon South", "id": "7014980" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nserved for one year as pastor of St. Hubertus parish at Hubertus, Wisconsin. From 1887 to 1893 he was a member of the faculty of St. Francis Seminary. From 1893 to 1905, he served as chancellor and vicar general of the archdiocese of Milwaukee, appointed by Archbishop Frederick Katzer. The Diocese of Superior was established on May 3, 1905, formed from portions of the Diocese of Green Bay and the Diocese of La Crosse. On May 13, 1905, Pope Pius X appointed Schinner the first Bishop of the newly", "id": "5250913" }, { "contents": "United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin\n\n\nheld at Madison. The district comprises the following counties: Adams, Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Green, Iowa, Iron, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, La Crosse, Lafayette, Lincoln, Marathon, Monroe, Oneida, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Portage, Price, Richland, Rock, Rusk, Sauk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Vilas, Washburn and", "id": "19092884" }, { "contents": "2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin\n\n\na total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark (partial), Douglas, Iron, Langlade (partial), Lincoln, Marathon, Oneida, Polk, Portage, Price, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Washburn and Wood. The district is currently represented by Sean Duffy, a Republican. The PVI of the district is R+8. Duffy is running for reelection. The 8th congressional district includes Green Bay and Appleton. It", "id": "2566179" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nAugustine Francis Schinner (May 1, 1863 – February 7, 1937) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the first Bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin (1905-1913) and first Bishop of the Diocese of Spokane, Washington (1914-1925). Schinner was educated at St. Francis Seminary in Wisconsin, and was ordained to the priesthood on March 7, 1886, by Archbishop Michael Heiss of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee at the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist. He", "id": "5250912" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse\n\n\nthe Workman. The Diocese of La Crosse was established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868, from territory that was taken from what was then the Diocese of Milwaukee. It included the part of Wisconsin lying north and west of the Wisconsin River. Michael Heiss, then head of St. Francis Seminary, Milwaukee, was named the first bishop of the La Crosse episcopal see. On May 3, 1905, the territory of the Dioceses of La Crosse and Green Bay was brought together to form the Diocese of Superior,", "id": "6320305" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nuntil the formation of the Diocese of Lacrosse, and the Diocese of Green Bay, which then served the northern region. Finally, in 1905, the Diocese of Superior was created by Pope Pius X, encompassing 16 counties in northern Wisconsin. The oldest Catholic congregation in the state of Wisconsin (in continuous operation to the present-day) is within the Diocese of Superior. On July 27, 1836, Fr. Frederic Baraga arrived at La Pointe, and immediately set to work, building a log church. Fr.", "id": "9474218" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane\n\n\n, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese. The episcopal see was subsequently moved to Seattle, and the diocese was renamed the Diocese of Seattle in 1907. With a growing population in Spokane and other areas of Eastern Washington, church leadership in Seattle realized that a new diocese needed to be formed, and the Diocese of Spokane was canonically erected by Pope Pius X on December 17, 1913. The diocese's first bishop was Augustine Francis Schinner, the bishop emeritus of the Diocese of", "id": "6861839" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 25\n\n\nThe 25th District of the Wisconsin Senate is located in far north-western Wisconsin, and is currently composed of part or all of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Price, Sawyer, Vilas and Washburn counties. The district area is a mostly rural, and covers more land and more counties than any other district in Wisconsin. Janet Bewley is the senator serving the 25th district. She was elected to a four-year term in 2014. Before serving as a senator, she held an office", "id": "19471671" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nBaraga, like the Jesuit missionaries before him, had success evangelizing the native people. His congregation at La Pointe grew, and also included many early European immigrants, primarily French Fur Traders. In 1838, Fr. Baraga built a larger church at La Pointe, on the spot of the present-day location of \"St. Joseph's Catholic Church\". The first Bishop to serve the Diocese of Superior was Augustine Francis Schinner, who was consecrated as Bishop on July 25, 1905. Bishop Schinner faced many challenges, as", "id": "9474219" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\ncreated diocese. He was ordained a bishop on July 25, 1905. Traveling by train with an entourage of over 60 priests from Milwaukee, he arrived at Ashland, Wisconsin, traveled to the Apostle Islands on a short boat tour, and then continued on to Superior. There were 39 diocesan priests, 17 religious order priests serving 38,861 Catholics in 43 parishes with resident pastors, and 50 missions and 33 stations. For Catholic schools, there was 1 high school, 16 elementary and 2 boarding schools with a total enrollment of", "id": "5250914" }, { "contents": "Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway\n\n\nthe Mississippi River, it lies within parts of eight counties in Wisconsin: Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Pierce, Polk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn; and three in Minnesota: Chisago, Pine, and Washington. The upper St. Croix is a nationally renowned smallmouth bass fishery. Other fish species present in the riverway include walleye, northern pike, sturgeon, muskellunge, and catfish. The Namekagon River upstream of Hayward, Wisconsin is well known for its brown and brook trout fishing. Besides fishing, the riverway", "id": "10086875" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento\n\n\nmother church of the diocese, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament. Originally a major part of the defunct Grass Valley Diocese (which included several counties in northern California and Nevada), the present-day diocese was established by Pope Leo XIII on May 28, 1886. Today, the See of Sacramento remains a ceremonial suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the Dioceses of Honolulu, Las Vegas, Oakland, Reno, Salt Lake City, San Jose, Santa Rosa and Stockton", "id": "4599392" }, { "contents": "Saint Raphael's Cathedral (Madison, Wisconsin)\n\n\nthe state capitol. In 1853, Father Francis Etchmann began constructing the most recent church building. The cornerstone was laid on May 28, 1854 by Bishop John Henni of the Diocese of Milwaukee. He dedicated the new building because the parish was under his jurisdiction at the time. The spire and bells were added in 1885. On January 9, 1946, Pope Pius XII created the Diocese of Madison for an 11-county area in the southwestern part of the state. Territory was taken from the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and the Diocese of", "id": "1920566" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst in Australia\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst (in Australia) is a Latin Church suffragan diocese of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1865, covering the Central West and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia. The Cathedral of St Michael and St John the Baptist is the episcopal see of the Bishop of Bathurst, presently Michael McKenna. The Diocese of Bathurst was erected by Pope Pius IX on 20 June 1865. Prior to this date, the area was considered within the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Sydney, its present", "id": "21254493" }, { "contents": "Joseph Maria Koudelka\n\n\n29, 1907, Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland and he was ordained on February 25, 1908 with a special ministry to the Slavic community. On June 24, 1911 Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. He was ordained as the first auxiliary bishop of Milwaukee on September 4, 1911. On August 6, 1913, Pope Pius X appointed Koudelka the second bishop of the Diocese of Superior. He was installed at the pro-cathedral of Sacred Heart in", "id": "18330746" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nThe Archdiocese of Milwaukee () is a Roman Catholic archdiocese headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the United States. It encompasses the City of Milwaukee, as well as the counties of Dodge, Fond du Lac, Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Walworth, Washington and Waukesha, all located in Wisconsin. The Archdiocese of Milwaukee is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milwaukee, which includes the suffragan dioceses of Green Bay, La Crosse, Madison, and Superior. , Jerome Edward Listecki is the Archbishop", "id": "9546478" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering nineteen counties in northwestern Ohio. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The See city for the diocese is Toledo. The eighth and current Bishop of Toledo is Daniel Edward Thomas. Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Pius X erected the diocese April 15, 1910, in territory taken from the Diocese of Cleveland. The arms of the See of Toledo are based upon", "id": "6750935" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin's 7th congressional district\n\n\nWisconsin's 7th congressional district is a congressional district of the United States House of Representatives in northwestern and central Wisconsin; it is the largest congressional district in the state geographically, covering 20 counties (in whole or part), for a total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, St. Croix, Chippewa (partial), Clark, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Jackson (partial), Juneau (partial), Langlade, Lincoln, Marathon,", "id": "8780919" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez () is located in the northern Mexican city of the same name, across the Río Grande from El Paso, Texas. It is part of the ecclesiastical province of Chihuahua and is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Chihuahua . The Diocese of Ciudad Juárez was erected by Pope Pius XII on 10 April 1957 from the Diocese of Chihuahua because of the population growth in the northern part of the state of Chihuahua. Pope Pius named Manuel Talamás Camandari as the first bishop, and by 1966", "id": "13992785" }, { "contents": "Superior, Wisconsin\n\n\nSuperior come from the Duluth market: Superior is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Francis Xavier Catholic Church, located in the East End of Superior, has been noted for its architecture. Christ Evangelical Lutheran Church is the only congregation of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod located in Superior. It recently moved from its original location on Belknap Street to a new campus on North 28th Street. Pilgrim Lutheran Church is located", "id": "4103054" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi (\"Dioecesis Uromiensis\") in Uromi, Edo State, Nigeria was created on December 14, 2005, when it was split off from the Archdiocese of Benin City. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Benin City. Its first bishop was Augustine Obiora Akubeze (who was named Archbishop of Benin City in March 2011). The St Anthony of Padua church in Uromi was selected to be its cathedral. The canonical erection of the diocese and the episcopal ordination of the bishop took", "id": "2286692" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the northwestern United States, comprising the northern regions of the state of Alaska. It is led by a bishop who serves as pastor of the mother church, Sacred Heart Cathedral in the City of Fairbanks. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Anchorage. The See of Fairbanks was established from the Prefecture Apostolic of Alaska on July 27, 1894, which was created from the Diocese of Vancouver Island. It was", "id": "7747608" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough () is a suffragan Latin diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kingston, Ontario that includes part of the federal Province of Ontario in inland Canada. Its episcopal see is the Cathedral of Saint Peter-in-Chains in Peterborough, Ontario. On March 10, 2017, the Pope named former Hamilton Auxiliary Bishop Daniel J. Miehm as the new Bishop of Peterborough. Established on 25 January 1874 as Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Canada, on territory split off from the Diocese of Kingston", "id": "5387249" }, { "contents": "Catholic Diocese of Guiratinga\n\n\nThe Diocese of Guiratinga (Dioecesis Guiratingensis) was a former ecclesiastical circumscription of the Catholic Church in Brazil, belonging to the Ecclesiastical Province of Cuiabá and the West II Regional Bishops' Council of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil, being a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cuiabá. The episcopal see is the Cathedral St. John the Baptist in the city of Guiratinga in the state of Mato Grosso. The Prelature Registry Araguaia (Territorialis Praelatura Registrensis or Territorialis Praelatura registration Araguaia) was erected on May 12, 1914 by Pope Pius X", "id": "4926427" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America encompassing the northwestern third of Wisconsin. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). The faith community comprises 20 interdependent congregations, mostly small and rural. The see and diocesan offices are in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, with Christ Church Cathedral as the mother church. Christ Church in La Crosse is the largest church in the diocese. The roots of the Diocese of Eau Claire begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians", "id": "2071071" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Motherwell\n\n\nCumbernauld and the area of Auchinloch) and South Lanarkshire. The diocese, along with the Diocese of Paisley, was erected as a Suffragan See by the Apostolic Constitution \"Maxime interest\" on 25 May 1947. The new See took part of the Archdiocese of Glasgow (becoming its Suffragan See) and part of the Diocese of Galloway. At present the diocese is vacant. The most recent Bishop of Motherwell was the Right Reverend Joseph Devine, whose resignation was accepted by Pope Francis on 30 May 2013. On Tuesday 29 April", "id": "3729293" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 28\n\n\nBayfield), Pepin, Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix Counties. The first Senator from the 28th was William Wilson of Menomonie, who served in the 1857 session (the tenth session of the Wisconsin Legislature). The district has also been represented by: As of the redistricting of 1861, the 28th now consisted of Ashland, Burnett, Dallas (later renamed Barron), Douglas, La Pointe (later renamed Bayfield), Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix counties (it was not changed in the redistricting of", "id": "2063122" }, { "contents": "List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Northern Ireland\n\n\nIn the Roman Catholic Church, the entirety of Northern Ireland is comprehended by the ecclesiastical province of Armagh. The eponymous archdiocese and five of its suffragan dioceses cover the area of Northern Ireland. The diocesan and archdiocesan boundaries are not coterminous with the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Only two dioceses are entirely contained within Northern Ireland: Down and Connor and the Diocese of Dromore. Three dioceses and the Archdiocese of Armagh straddle the border. The Archdiocese and its suffragans are all part of the Episcopal conference of Ireland", "id": "14015256" }, { "contents": "Anglican Bishop of Nottingham\n\n\nThe Anglican Bishop of Nottingham was an episcopal title used by a Church of England suffragan bishop. The title took its name after the county town of Nottingham and was first created under the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534. Until 1837, Nottingham had been part of the Diocese of York, when it then became part of the Diocese of Lincoln. With the creation of the Diocese of Southwell in 1884, Nottingham became part of that diocese, but the then- (and final) bishop remained suffragan to Lincoln. Since 2005, Nottingham gives", "id": "20176138" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell () is an ecclesiastical diocese of the Catholic Church in Scotland. The diocese, which was erected on 25 May 1947 by Pope Pius XII from the Archdiocese of Glasgow, along with the Diocese of Paisley which was erected on the same day, remains one of two suffragan sees under the Archdiocese. On Tuesday 29 April 2014 - the Feast of St Catherine of Siena - Pope Francis appointed Joseph Toal as the fifth Bishop of Motherwell. In 2004, the Catholic population, proportionately the largest in", "id": "16456386" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nnative people, and baptized over 1,000 converts. During this time, the region was being overseen by French Catholic leaders in Quebec, which became a diocese in 1674, encompassing all of North America east of the Mississippi River. In 1791, the region was transferred to the Diocese of Baltimore, which was the first Catholic diocese created in the then-newly formed United States. In 1843, the Diocese of Milwaukee was established, and consisted of the entire state of Wisconsin. Northern Wisconsin remained within the Diocese of Milwaukee,", "id": "9474217" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nEpiscopal Diocese of Milwaukee, originally the Diocese of Wisconsin is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America located in the southern area of Wisconsin. It is in Province V (for the Midwest region). The Rt. Reverend Steven Miller is the bishop. The see city is Milwaukee. Cathedral Church of All Saints, Milwaukee is the mother church. The diocese was formed after Jackson Kemper was named the Episcopal Church's first missionary bishop and oversaw the church's mission to the Northwest Territories from 1835 to", "id": "2071175" }, { "contents": "Joseph G. Pinten\n\n\nvicar general, in 1919 purchased dormitory property of Northern Normal College and donated it to the diocese to use as a church with conditions that it be named after Saint Michael and that the new parish build a school. On November 30, 1921, Pope Benedict XV appointed Pinten the third bishop of the Superior Diocese. He was ordained bishop on May 3, 1922 at St. Peter Cathedral with Archbishop Sebastian Messmer of Milwaukee presiding. The next day an enthronement ceremony was held a Sacred Heart pro-cathedral in Superior. After his", "id": "18330981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kansas City–Saint Joseph\n\n\nXIII established the Diocese of Kansas City, with territories taken from the Archdiocese of St. Louis. Its first bishop was John Joseph Hogan. On July 2, 1956, the diocese incorporated part of the territory of the Diocese of Saint Joseph, which had been established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868. On the same date in 1956 part of the Diocese of Kansas City's territory went to establish the Diocese of Jefferson City and the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau. The diocese received its present name and boundaries", "id": "13839607" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Kerry\n\n\nThe Bishop of Kerry is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kerry, one of the suffragan dioceses of the Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly in Ireland. The Episcopal see changed its name from Ardfert and Aghadoe to Kerry on 20 December 1952. The bishop's seat (Cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church Saint Mary, Killarney. The current bishop is the Most Reverend Raymond Browne who was appointed Bishop of Kerry by Pope Francis on 2 May 2013 and received episcopal consecration at St Mary's Cathedral, Killarney on 21", "id": "20835420" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle\n\n\nas a result by 1850 the Diocese of Walla Walla was abandoned and its merged-in territory administered from Oregon City. On May 31, 1850, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese, with Augustin Blanchet as bishop. In January 1851, Augustin Blanchet dedicated St. James Church near Fort Vancouver as the new diocese's cathedral. A new St. James Cathedral was built in Vancouver, Washington in 1885. In 1903 Bishop Edward O'Dea, realizing that Vancouver was no longer the economic and", "id": "6861805" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nthe head of the new diocese, including the need to recruit priests to serve the growing number of parishes throughout the diocese. By the time Bishop Schinner resigned as the bishop of Superior in 1913, he saw the pool of priests grow from 39 diocesan priests in 1905 to 62 in 1913. Today, there are now 105 parishes within the Diocese of Superior. The following is a list of the Roman Catholic Bishops of the Diocese of Superior and their years of service: The Diocese of Superior has a membership of 73,638 Catholics", "id": "9474220" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Northern California. The diocese comprises Alameda and Contra Costa Counties in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Cathedral of Christ the Light serves as the bishop's seat, replacing the Cathedral of Saint Francis de Sales which was demolished after the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989. Once a part of the Archdiocese of San Francisco, the Diocese of Oakland remains a suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the", "id": "4599275" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\ndioceses which did not formally claim any continuity with the pre-Elizabethan English dioceses were created. The Vicariate Apostolic of the Northern District was duly elevated to diocese status as the Diocese of Hexham. On 23 May 1861 the diocese became the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, it was assigned to the newly created Province of Liverpool. The present diocese covers an area of 7,700 km²", "id": "3501975" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\n1859. He became provisional bishop of Wisconsin from 1847 to 1854 and first bishop of the Diocese of Wisconsin from 1854 to 1870. In 1875, the Diocese of Fond du Lac was created to serve the northeastern 26 counties of the state. The Diocese of Eau Claire, was carved out of the diocese in 1928 for the counties in the northwestern part of Wisconsin. The Diocese of Wisconsin became the Diocese of Milwaukee in 1886. Over the last few years the membership has declined from 15,000 to 11,000. Nashotah House, in", "id": "2071176" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson\n\n\nThe Diocese of Paterson is a diocese of the Roman Rite of the Latin Catholic Church in the United States, which includes three counties in northern New Jersey: Passaic, Morris, and Sussex. The city of Paterson, third-largest in the state of New Jersey, was chosen as the episcopal see, even though the vast majority of diocesan territory lies west of the city. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Newark, and is part of Region III of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. The", "id": "14672461" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay () was established on March 3, 1868, by Pope Pius IX. It covers the city of Green Bay, as well as Brown, Calumet, Door, Florence, Forest, Kewaunee, Langlade, Manitowoc, Marinette, Menominee, Oconto, Outagamie, Shawano, Waupaca, Waushara and Winnebago counties in Wisconsin. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The earliest trace of the Catholic faith in the Green Bay area was in 1634. Jesuits followed Jean Nicolet to", "id": "9417148" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering the parishes of northern Louisiana, and a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. Its bishop is part of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and belongs to Conference Region V (which includes Alabama, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee). Its mother church is the Cathedral of Saint John Berchmans, in Shreveport. The Diocese of Shreveport was canonically erected on June 16, 1986 when Pope John Paul II split the former Diocese of", "id": "18926928" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids () is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in western Michigan, in the United States. It comprises 102 churches in 11 counties in West Michigan. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Detroit. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of Saint Andrew. On April 18, 2013, Pope Francis accepted Bishop Walter A. Hurley's resignation and appointed the Rev. David J. Walkowiak to be the twelfth Bishop of Grand Rapids. The diocese was created from territory taken from", "id": "221824" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Suacia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Svač (, , ) was a bishopric with see in the town of Svač (Latinized as Suacia), which is today the village lying to the east of Ulcinj in Montenegro that is called in Serbian Шас, in Croat Šas and in Albanian Shas. The area was part of the late Roman province of Dalmatia Superior, and the Catholic Church, which includes the diocese in its list of Latin titular sees, accordingly treats it as a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Doclea. The diocese of Svač (", "id": "4011385" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck () is a Roman Catholic diocese in North Dakota. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop David Kagan. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Bismarck. The Cathedral parish of the diocese is Cathedral of the Holy Spirit. On December 31, 1909 Saint Pius X established the Diocese of Bismarck. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Fargo. The list of bishops of the diocese and their terms of service", "id": "18993019" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fiesole\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fiesole () is a Roman Catholic diocese in Tuscany, central Italy, whose episcopal see is the city of Fiesole. Fiesole was directly subject to the pope until 1420, when the archdiocese of Florence was created and Fiesole was made one of its suffragan bishops. It is still a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Florence. According to local legend the Gospel was first preached at Fiesole by Messius Romulus, said to have been a disciple of St. Peter. Documentary evidence, however, is from the 9th and", "id": "3288239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangalore\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Bangalore () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in India. It was erected as the Diocese of Bangalore on 13 February 1940 by Pope Pius XII, and elevated to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese on 19 September 1953, with the suffragan sees of Belgaum, Bellary, Chikmagalur, Gulbarga, Karwar, Mangalore, Udupi, Mysore, and Shimoga. The archdiocese's mother church and thus seat of its archbishop is the St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral; Bangalore also houses", "id": "9571833" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City () is a Roman Catholic diocese in western South Dakota, United States. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Robert Dwayne Gruss. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Rapid City. The Cathedral parish is the Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. On August 6, 1902 Saint Pius X established the diocese as the Diocese of Lead. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Sioux Falls. The", "id": "18993239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong is a suffragan Latin Rite diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1951, covering the Illawarra and Southern Highlands regions of New South Wales, Australia. St Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Wollongong is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Wollongong, currently Brian Mascord. On 15 November 1951, Pope Pius XII announced that a new diocese would be created from the two archdioceses of Sydney and Canberra & Goulburn. To be named Wollongong, the diocese was officially established on 11 February 1952.", "id": "21254634" }, { "contents": "Cathedral of Christ the King (Superior, Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Cathedral of Christ the King is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior in Superior, Wisconsin. It was named in honor of Christ the King. The building is located at 1111 Belknap Street in Superior. When the Diocese of Superior was established in 1905 Sacred Heart church, which had been established in the 1880s, was designated the pro-cathedral. Sacred Heart continued in this function until 1926. The cathedral construction project was announced in February 1926 and the groundbreaking occurred on June 23, 1926. Bishop", "id": "2884619" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nsuffragan sees were erected in Indiana and Illinois. In 1843 the Illinois portion of the diocese became the Diocese of Chicago. On 8 January 1857 the northern half of Indiana comprised the Diocese of Fort Wayne. On 28 March 1898 the episcopal diocese was transferred from Vincennes to Indianapolis, and the Diocese of Vincennes became the Diocese of Indianapolis. In 1944 Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese and founded two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The city of Vincennes, the former", "id": "4928244" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary () is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States of America. It was founded on December 17, 1956, by Pope Pius XII. It is one of four suffragan dioceses of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Its ecclesiastic territory includes Lake, Porter, LaPorte, and Starke counties in northwestern Indiana. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of the Holy Angels in Gary, Indiana. During the first half of the 20th century, many Catholic immigrants", "id": "17635414" }, { "contents": "Red Cedar River (Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Red Cedar River in northwestern Wisconsin is a tributary of the Chippewa River. According to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the river flows approximately 100 miles from southwestern Sawyer County to its confluence with the Chippewa southeast of Dunnville in southern Dunn County. It drains portions of eight Wisconsin counties: Barron, Chippewa, Dunn, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn. Important tributaries include the Chetek River and the Hay River. Important settlements along the river's course include Cameron, Rice Lake, Colfax,", "id": "2013455" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\n, he chose Indianapolis, the state capital of Indiana and the largest city in the diocese, as the new seat of the episcopal see. Between 1837 and 1882 seventy-five priests were ordained at St. Francis Xavier, including Michael E. Shawe, the first priest ordained in Indiana. In 1898 the episcopal see was moved to Indianapolis and it became the Diocese of Indianapolis. Bishop Chatard was its first bishop. St. Francis Xavier remained under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Indianapolis from 1898 to 1944, when Pope Pius XII elevated", "id": "1660117" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln () is a Catholic diocese in Nebraska, United States, and comprises the majority of the eastern and central portions of the state south of the Platte River. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Omaha. The episcopal see is in Lincoln, Nebraska. Bishop James D. Conley is the current ordinary of the Diocese. The Cathedral of the Risen Christ is the cathedral parish of the diocese. The diocese was established on August 2, 1887, by Pope Leo XIII from the territory", "id": "18992119" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná () is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Concordia and Gualeguaychú. On 13 June 1859, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of Paraná from the Diocese of Buenos Aires. It lost territory to the Diocese of Santa Fe when it was created in 1897 and the Diocese of Corrientes in 1910. The Diocese of Paraná was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope Pius XI on 20 April 1934. It lost territory two more times when the dioceses of Gualeguaychú (1957) and Concordia (1961", "id": "14584212" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nDiocese of Indianapolis. Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese in 1944, and erected two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The Diocese of Gary, Indiana, was erected in 1956. The Evansville Diocese absorbed the city of Vincennes upon its creation. The first four Bishops of Vincennes resided at the seat of the episcopal diocese in Vincennes. Their remains are buried in the crypt of St. Francis Xavier Basilica, Vincennes. Bishop Chatard, who resided in Indianapolis and also served", "id": "4928227" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kumba\n\n\nThe Diocese of Kumba (Latin: \"Diocesis Kumbana;\" French: \"Diocèse de Kumba\") is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the African country of Cameroon. Headquartered in Kumba, the diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart and its bishop is Agapitus Enuyehnyoh Nfon. The diocese was created on 15 March 2016 by Pope Francis from territory in the Diocese of Buéa, and it is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Bamenda. On 15 March 2016, Pope Francis established the Diocese of Kumba", "id": "4860060" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grass Valley\n\n\nThe Diocese of Grass Valley () now a titular see, was formerly a residential diocese of the Catholic Church located in northeastern California, United States. The diocese also included most of Nevada, and, early in its history, Utah and part of Colorado. The particular church that became the Diocese of Grass Valley was erected in by Pope Pius IX in 1860 as the Vicariate Apostolic of Marysville from territory formerly belonging to the Archdiocese of San Francisco, of which it was a suffragan see. In 1868, the see city", "id": "1681182" }, { "contents": "James Patrick Powers\n\n\nJames Patrick Powers (born February 6, 1953) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church and the eleventh bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin. Powers was born in Baldwin, Wisconsin on February 6, 1953. He graduated from St. Croix Central High School, in Hammond, Wisconsin, and from Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Powers was ordained a priest of the Superior Diocese on May 20, 1990. He served as administrator of the diocese from December 2014 to February 2016,", "id": "11695981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Teggiano-Policastro\n\n\nThe Italian Latin Catholic Diocese of (Diano-)Teggiano-Policastro (), in Campania, has existed since 1850, under its present name since 1986. In that year the Diocese of Diano-Teggiano was united with the diocese of Policastro. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno. Its cathedral episcopal see is the Marian Cattedrale di S. Maria Maggiore e S. Michele Arcangelo, in Teggiano. The current bishop is Antonio De Luca. On 29 September 1850, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of", "id": "18017079" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth is a Latin Church Roman Catholic diocese in England. The episcopal see is in the city of Plymouth, Devon, where the bishop's seat (cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church of St Mary and St Boniface. Erected as the Diocese of Plymouth in 1850 by Pope Pius IX, from the Apostolic Vicariate of the Western District, the diocese has remained jurisdictionally constant since. Since 1965, the diocese has been a suffragan see of the Ecclesiastical Province of Southwark; before then, from", "id": "8307114" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson (, ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the southwestern region of the United States. It is a suffragan see of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santa Fe. The diocese was recently led by its seventh bishop, Most Reverend Gerald Frederick Kicanas, who retired on October 3, 2017. The See city for the diocese is Tucson, Arizona, and its cathedral parish is the St. Augustine. Another church of special interest is the Mission San Xavier del Bac, also", "id": "7747261" }, { "contents": "Diocese of Rochester\n\n\n) were added to Rochester, while all West Kent parishes except those in the Rochester Deanery were transferred to the Diocese of Canterbury. In May 1877, Essex and Hertfordshire became part of the newly created Diocese of St Albans. On 1 August 1877, the Diocese of Rochester gained some northern parts of Surrey from the Diocese of Winchester which were later transferred to the Diocese of Southwark at its creation in 1905. The present diocesan bishop, the Bishop of Rochester, is James Langstaff. The diocese also has a suffragan bishop:", "id": "3447784" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the Ecclesiastical Province of Cincinnati covering 23 counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The episcopal see of the diocese is situated at Columbus. The diocese was erected on March 3, 1868 by Pope Pius IX out of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. On October 21, 1944 the diocese lost territory when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Steubenville. The Catholic faith was brought in the area by the Dominican Order in Somerset. They established St. Joseph's Parish", "id": "6750859" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral (Alexandria, Louisiana)\n\n\n, and the clock was installed in 1908. Because of the newly constructed church and Alexandria's central location, Bishop Cornelius Van de Ven petitioned the Roman Curia to transfer the seat of the diocese from Natchitoches to Alexandria. Pope Pius X created the suffragan Diocese of Alexandria on . St. Francis Xavier Church was elevated to the rank of cathedral of the newly created diocese. The current bishop of Alexandria is Sede Vacante, and the rector of the cathedral is Father James A. Ferguson. The cathedral's rose windows are the largest in", "id": "16556508" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of Ohio. Pope Pius IX erected the diocese April 23, 1847, in territory taken from the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The diocese lost territory in 1910 when Pope Pius X erected the Diocese of Toledo, and in 1943 when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Youngstown. It is currently the 17th-largest diocese in the United States by population, encompassing the counties of Ashland, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Medina,", "id": "6750690" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pavia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Pavia () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It has been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan only since 1817. Previous to the reorganization of the hierarchy in northern Italy by Pope Pius VII after the expulsion of the French and the Congress of Vienna, the diocese of Pavia had depended directly upon the Holy See, despite repeated failed attempts on the part of the Archbishops of Milan to claim control. The diocese has produced one Pope and Patriarch of Venice, and three cardinals. The", "id": "9177548" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza () is an archdiocese located in the city of Fortaleza in Brazil. On June 6, 1854, it was established by Pope Pius IX, as the Diocese of Ceará from the Diocese of Olinda. Formerly a part of the Diocese of Pernambuco, the district was erected into a separate diocese, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Bahia. João Guerino Gomes was named as first bishop but did not accept the appointment. Father Gomes, who was famous in his day both as an orator and as", "id": "5595432" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lansing\n\n\nThe Catholic Diocese of Lansing () is located in Lansing, Michigan. It encompasses an area of including the counties of Clinton, Eaton, Genesee, Hillsdale, Ingham, Jackson, Lenawee, Livingston, Shiawassee and Washtenaw. It is a suffragan diocese of the ecclesiastical province of Detroit. Pope Pius XI created the Diocese of Lansing May 22, 1937 by taking territory from the Archdiocese of Detroit. In July 1971, Pope Paul VI separated territory from the Lansing Diocese and territory from the Diocese of Grand Rapids to form the", "id": "4281991" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza () is in Argentina and is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Neuquén and San Rafael. On 20 April 1934, Pope Pius XI established the Diocese of Mendoza from the Diocese of San Juan de Cuyo. It lost territory to the Diocese of San Rafael when it was created in 1961. At the same time, the Diocese of Mendoza was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope John XXIII on 10 April 1961./small On 5 May 2017, Kosaka Kumiko, a Japanese-Argentinian nun,", "id": "15288343" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City () is the Roman Catholic diocese for the northwestern quarter of the US state of Iowa. The diocese comprises 24 counties in northwestern Iowa, and it covers an area of . The See city for the diocese is Sioux City. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The cathedral parish for this diocese is the Epiphany. R. Walker Nickless was ordained as bishop of Sioux City on 20 January 2006. On 24 July, 1900, Pope Leo XIII issued a papal bull", "id": "394842" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis\n\n\nlater period the church first came into the area with the arrival of missionaries and European settlers. The original see was canonically erected by Pope Pius IX on July 19, 1850 as the Diocese of Saint Paul of Minnesota, a suffragan episcopal see of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis. The Diocese's territory was taken from that of Dubuque, and its authority spread over all of Minnesota Territory, which consisted of the area which now composes the states of Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota and also comprises the modern archdiocese's ecclesiastical", "id": "7457113" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Sherborne\n\n\nThe Bishop of Sherborne is an episcopal title which takes its name from the market town of Sherborne in Dorset, England. The see of Sherborne was established in around 705 by St Aldhelm, the Abbot of Malmesbury. This see was the mother diocese of the greater part of southwestern England in Saxon times, but after the Norman Conquest was incorporated into the new Diocese of Salisbury. The title Bishop of Sherborne is now used by the Church of England for a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Salisbury. In 1925, the title", "id": "4184192" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\nthe episcopal see to the Archdiocese of Indianapolis and established two new suffragan diocese in Indiana: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. On 14 March 1970 Pope Paul VI raised the status of St. Francis Xavier Cathedral to a basilica. The present Greek Revival-style basilica dates from 1826, making it the oldest Catholic church in Indiana. It was built on or near the site of two earlier churches. The first chapel, a crude structure measuring 22 feet by 66 feet, with log posts, mud daub,", "id": "1660118" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Caserta\n\n\nThe Diocese of Caserta () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Campania, southern Italy. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Naples. In 1818 Pope Pius VII united this see with the diocese of Caiazzo, but Pope Pius IX made them separate sees. In 2013 in the diocese of Caserta there was one priest for every 1,703 Catholics. It is not known when Caserta became an episcopal see. The first-known bishop was Ranulfo whose election in 1113 was confirmed by Senne, Archbishop of Capua. \"Erected", "id": "16395150" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia\n\n\nThe Italian Catholic Diocese of Pescia () is in Tuscany. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Pisa. In 1519 Pope Leo X withdrew Pescia from the archdiocese of Lucca, raising it to the dignity of a prelacy nullius; and in 1726 it was made a diocese, suffragan of Pisa. Its first bishop was Bartolommeo Pucci (1728). Others were Francesco Vicenti (1773–1801), and Giulio Serafini. On 25 November 2015, Pope Francis appointed as the new Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia,", "id": "15933634" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur\n\n\nLumpur was dedicated to St John the evangelist in 1883, and would be later known as St. John's Cathedral, the Mother Church of Kuala Lumpur. In 1955, the Diocese of Malacca became a Metropolitan Archdiocese, with the newly formed Diocese of Penang and Diocese of Kuala Lumpur as its suffragan sees. Bishop Dominic Vendargon was appointed as the first Bishop of Kuala Lumpur, and was ordained in the same year. In 1972, the Diocese of Kuala Lumpur was elevated into an Archdiocese, with the suffragan dioceses of Penang and", "id": "14666462" }, { "contents": "WESTconsin Credit Union\n\n\nanyone who lives or works in the Wisconsin counties of Barron, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Dunn, Eau Claire, Jackson, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau or Washburn, or the Minnesota counties of Anoka, Chisago, Dakota, Goodhue, Isanti, Ramsey, Wabasha, and Washington with a $5 deposit in a membership share (savings) account. Presently, \"WEST\"consin Credit Union has five fully operational high school offices that are located in Amery,", "id": "1182556" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zamboanga\n\n\nthe future city of Zamboanga. On January 20, 1933, Pope Pius XI divided Mindanao into two areas. Southern Mindanao including the Sulu Archipelago became under the jurisdiction of Zamboanga. Northern Mindanao became under the Diocese of Cagayan de Oro. In 1951 Cagayan de Oro became an archdiocese, the first in the island of Mindanao. All episcopal jurisdictions in Mindanao and Sulu, including Zamboanga, became suffragans of this archdiocese. The Diocese of Zamboanga was further divided when the Prelature Nullius of Davao was established and separated in 1949; the", "id": "18254813" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiavari\n\n\nThe Diocese of Chiavari () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Liguria, northern Italy. It was created on 3 December 1892 by Pope Leo XIII in the Bull \"Romani Pontifices\". It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Genoa. Chiavari became an episcopal see in 1892, but until 1896 it was administered by Tommaso Reggio, the Archbishop of Genoa, to which diocese it originally belonged, through his Auxiliary Bishop and Vicar General, Fortunato Vinelli, titular bishop of Epiphania (Cilicia, Ottoman Empire). The", "id": "15328930" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of El Paso\n\n\nwest Texas were served by travelling priests in car and horseback. After Pinto's efforts, Catholic parishes began to flourish in El Paso. On 3 March 1914, Pope Pius X established the Diocese of El Paso as a suffragan see of Santa Fe. The diocese covered nearly in West Texas and southern New Mexico and was created from parts of the dioceses of Dallas, San Antonio and Tucson. Jesuit priest Father John J. Brown was appointed bishop of the newly created diocese on 22 January 1915 but resigned before his scheduled consecration.", "id": "18993686" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai (; ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Municipality of Shanghai, China. It was erected on December 13, 1933 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Shanghai by Pope Pius XI, and was later elevated to the rank of a diocese on April 11, 1946 by Pope Pius XII. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Nanking. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is St. Ignatius Cathedral; it also houses a minor basilica in Sheshan", "id": "15983488" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta is a suffragan Latin Church diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1986. The Diocese of Parramatta is an organisation of the Roman Catholic Church, with responsibility for the western suburbs of Sydney and the Blue Mountains, in New South Wales, Australia. St Patrick's Cathedral, Parramatta, is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Parramatta. On 5 May 2016, Pope Francis appointed Vincent Long Van Nguyen OFM Conv to be its fourth bishop. His installation took place on 16 June 2016", "id": "21254601" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Utah\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Utah is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States, encompassing the state of Utah, less that part of the Four Corners region which is in the Navajoland Area Mission. It includes a small part of northern Arizona. In 1867, the Episcopal Church was the first Protestant church organized in Utah. The diocesan offices and cathedral, St. Mark's Cathedral, are in Salt Lake City. The current bishop is Scott B. Hayashi, whose consecration took place on November 6, 2010 and was installed", "id": "17667064" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton is a suffragan see of Archdiocese of Philadelphia, established on March 3, 1868. The seat of the bishop is St. Peter's Cathedral in Scranton, PA. Other cities in the diocese are Wilkes-Barre, Williamsport, Hazleton, Nanticoke, Carbondale, and Pittston. The diocese comprises Lackawanna, Luzerne, Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne, Tioga, Sullivan, Wyoming, Lycoming, Pike, and Monroe counties, all in the northeastern part of Pennsylvania. The area of the diocese is .", "id": "10915059" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the United States. It comprises the territory of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agaña. The diocese was canonically erected on 8 November 1984 by Pope John Paul II. Its territories were taken from the archdiocese based in Guam. The Diocese of Chalan Kanoa is led by a prelate bishop who pastors the mother church, the Our Lady of Mount Carmel Cathedral on Saipan.", "id": "5619001" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Mantua\n\n\nThe Diocese of Mantua () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It was erected in 804, and is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan. The diocese has produced one Pope and (Latin) Patriarch of Constantinople, and two cardinals. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is the Cathedral of S. Pietro Apostolo; Mantua also contains the Basilica of Sant'Andrea. The last Bishop of Mantua iss Gianmarco Busca, appointed by Pope Francis on June 3, 2016. The bishops emeriti are Egidio", "id": "9176744" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kota Kinabalu\n\n\nafter its see. On 31 May 1976 the vicariate was elevated to a full Diocese of Kota Kinabalu, suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kuching. The diocese lost territories twice, to create its present suffragans : On 23 May 2008, the diocese was elevated to Metropolitan Archdiocese, whose ecclesiastical province comprises the above suffragan dioceses, both formerly part of the original territory of the diocese of Kota Kinabalu: the Diocese of Keningau and the Diocese of Sandakan. On 21 June 2010, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Rev.", "id": "11660795" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\nthe diocese in 1850, Pius IX appointed Bishop William Hogarth, Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District, to be the first bishop of the diocese. The Parish Church of Saint Mary, Newcastle upon Tyne, designed by Augustus Welby Pugin, was selected as the seat for the new bishop, gaining cathedral status. In 1924, Pope Pius XI withdrew the old counties of Cumberland and Westmorland to incorporate them into a newly created Diocese of Lancaster. For this reason, the Lancaster diocese still considers St Cuthbert as one of its principal", "id": "6620884" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nof the Diocese of Wisconsin. In 1870, Fond du Lac was the second largest city in Wisconsin. The remaining counties continued as the Diocese of Wisconsin until 1888, when it was renamed the Diocese of Milwaukee. In 1875, after three elections, John Henry Hobart Brown accepted election as first bishop and was consecrated December 15, 1875 at St. John's Episcopal Church, Cohoes, New York. Brown declared the city of Fond du Lac and St. Paul's Church as the episcopal See. The other viable location was Christ", "id": "2071144" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fond du Lac is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, encompassing the northeastern third of Wisconsin. The diocese contains about 5,700 baptized members worshipping in 37 locations. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). Diocesan offices are in Appleton, Wisconsin. The Diocesan Archives are maintained in Grafton Hall behind the Cathedral in Fond du Lac. Matthew Gunter is its bishop. The roots of the Diocese of Fond du Lac begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians, removing from", "id": "2071141" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spiš\n\n\nThe Diocese of Spiš (, ) is a Roman Catholic diocese in northern Slovakia. It covers central and eastern parts of the Žilina Region and western part of the Prešov Region. Its seat is in Spišská Kapitula; the diocese covers an area of 7,802 km² with 583,633 people of which 76.6% are of Catholic faith (2004). The current bishop is Štefan Sečka. The diocese was established on 13 March 1776 as a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Esztergom. In 1804, its metropolitan was changed to the Archdiocese of Eger", "id": "12385676" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Salford\n\n\n-Elizabethan English dioceses of which one of these was the diocese of Salford and went on to take up the reins of part of the former Vicariate Apostolic of the Lancashire District. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but a further development was its assignment under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, to a newly created Province of Liverpool. At the diocese's creation the territory assigned to it was the hundreds of Salford and Blackburn. The diocese currently covers an", "id": "3729210" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering twenty-eight counties in Kansas. Pope Pius XII created the diocese on May 19, 1951. John B. Brungardt was appointed Bishop of Dodge City in December 2010. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City encompasses 23,000-square-miles, and 50 parishes in 28 counties. It was established in 1951 from parts of the Diocese of Wichita, the Diocese of Leavenworth, and the Vicariate Apostolic of the Indian Territory established July 19, 1850. At that", "id": "17635532" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It comprises that part of South Dakota east of the Missouri River. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Paul J. Swain. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Sioux Falls. The cathedral parish is St. Joseph Cathedral. On August 12, 1879 Pope Leo XIII established the Vicariate Apostolic of Dakota from territory taken from the Diocese of", "id": "18993545" } ]

[ { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior () encompasses the city of Superior and the counties of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Lincoln, Oneida, Price, Polk, Rusk, Sawyer, St. Croix, Taylor, Vilas, and Washburn in northern Wisconsin, with an area of . Its episcopal see is Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is its mother church. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The diocese was established on May 3, 1905 by", "id": "9474213" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nPope Pius X. It was created from the northern part of the Diocese of La Crosse and the northwestern part of the Diocese of Green Bay, with Augustine Francis Schinner as the first bishop. Prior to the official founding of the diocese in 1905, there had already been a rich history of Catholicism in the region. Centuries earlier, Catholic missionaries had forged a dynamic presence throughout the Lake Superior region of Wisconsin. The early history of Catholicism in the state of Wisconsin started within the territory that the Diocese of Superior now encompasses,", "id": "9474214" }, { "contents": "List of museums in Wisconsin\n\n\nMarathon, Marquette, Menominee, Milwaukee, Oconto, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan Counties in the north central and northwest area: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Langlade, Lincoln, Oneida, Polk, Price, Rusk, Sawyer, Taylor, Vilas, Washburn South central and southwest area along the Mississippi and Chippewa rivers: Buffalo, Chippewa, Crawford, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Jackson, La Crosse, Pepin, Pierce, St. Croix, Trempealeau, Vernon South", "id": "7014980" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nserved for one year as pastor of St. Hubertus parish at Hubertus, Wisconsin. From 1887 to 1893 he was a member of the faculty of St. Francis Seminary. From 1893 to 1905, he served as chancellor and vicar general of the archdiocese of Milwaukee, appointed by Archbishop Frederick Katzer. The Diocese of Superior was established on May 3, 1905, formed from portions of the Diocese of Green Bay and the Diocese of La Crosse. On May 13, 1905, Pope Pius X appointed Schinner the first Bishop of the newly", "id": "5250913" }, { "contents": "United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin\n\n\nheld at Madison. The district comprises the following counties: Adams, Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Green, Iowa, Iron, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, La Crosse, Lafayette, Lincoln, Marathon, Monroe, Oneida, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Portage, Price, Richland, Rock, Rusk, Sauk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Vilas, Washburn and", "id": "19092884" }, { "contents": "2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin\n\n\na total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark (partial), Douglas, Iron, Langlade (partial), Lincoln, Marathon, Oneida, Polk, Portage, Price, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Washburn and Wood. The district is currently represented by Sean Duffy, a Republican. The PVI of the district is R+8. Duffy is running for reelection. The 8th congressional district includes Green Bay and Appleton. It", "id": "2566179" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nAugustine Francis Schinner (May 1, 1863 – February 7, 1937) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the first Bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin (1905-1913) and first Bishop of the Diocese of Spokane, Washington (1914-1925). Schinner was educated at St. Francis Seminary in Wisconsin, and was ordained to the priesthood on March 7, 1886, by Archbishop Michael Heiss of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee at the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist. He", "id": "5250912" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse\n\n\nthe Workman. The Diocese of La Crosse was established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868, from territory that was taken from what was then the Diocese of Milwaukee. It included the part of Wisconsin lying north and west of the Wisconsin River. Michael Heiss, then head of St. Francis Seminary, Milwaukee, was named the first bishop of the La Crosse episcopal see. On May 3, 1905, the territory of the Dioceses of La Crosse and Green Bay was brought together to form the Diocese of Superior,", "id": "6320305" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nuntil the formation of the Diocese of Lacrosse, and the Diocese of Green Bay, which then served the northern region. Finally, in 1905, the Diocese of Superior was created by Pope Pius X, encompassing 16 counties in northern Wisconsin. The oldest Catholic congregation in the state of Wisconsin (in continuous operation to the present-day) is within the Diocese of Superior. On July 27, 1836, Fr. Frederic Baraga arrived at La Pointe, and immediately set to work, building a log church. Fr.", "id": "9474218" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane\n\n\n, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese. The episcopal see was subsequently moved to Seattle, and the diocese was renamed the Diocese of Seattle in 1907. With a growing population in Spokane and other areas of Eastern Washington, church leadership in Seattle realized that a new diocese needed to be formed, and the Diocese of Spokane was canonically erected by Pope Pius X on December 17, 1913. The diocese's first bishop was Augustine Francis Schinner, the bishop emeritus of the Diocese of", "id": "6861839" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 25\n\n\nThe 25th District of the Wisconsin Senate is located in far north-western Wisconsin, and is currently composed of part or all of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Price, Sawyer, Vilas and Washburn counties. The district area is a mostly rural, and covers more land and more counties than any other district in Wisconsin. Janet Bewley is the senator serving the 25th district. She was elected to a four-year term in 2014. Before serving as a senator, she held an office", "id": "19471671" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nBaraga, like the Jesuit missionaries before him, had success evangelizing the native people. His congregation at La Pointe grew, and also included many early European immigrants, primarily French Fur Traders. In 1838, Fr. Baraga built a larger church at La Pointe, on the spot of the present-day location of \"St. Joseph's Catholic Church\". The first Bishop to serve the Diocese of Superior was Augustine Francis Schinner, who was consecrated as Bishop on July 25, 1905. Bishop Schinner faced many challenges, as", "id": "9474219" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\ncreated diocese. He was ordained a bishop on July 25, 1905. Traveling by train with an entourage of over 60 priests from Milwaukee, he arrived at Ashland, Wisconsin, traveled to the Apostle Islands on a short boat tour, and then continued on to Superior. There were 39 diocesan priests, 17 religious order priests serving 38,861 Catholics in 43 parishes with resident pastors, and 50 missions and 33 stations. For Catholic schools, there was 1 high school, 16 elementary and 2 boarding schools with a total enrollment of", "id": "5250914" }, { "contents": "Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway\n\n\nthe Mississippi River, it lies within parts of eight counties in Wisconsin: Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Pierce, Polk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn; and three in Minnesota: Chisago, Pine, and Washington. The upper St. Croix is a nationally renowned smallmouth bass fishery. Other fish species present in the riverway include walleye, northern pike, sturgeon, muskellunge, and catfish. The Namekagon River upstream of Hayward, Wisconsin is well known for its brown and brook trout fishing. Besides fishing, the riverway", "id": "10086875" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento\n\n\nmother church of the diocese, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament. Originally a major part of the defunct Grass Valley Diocese (which included several counties in northern California and Nevada), the present-day diocese was established by Pope Leo XIII on May 28, 1886. Today, the See of Sacramento remains a ceremonial suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the Dioceses of Honolulu, Las Vegas, Oakland, Reno, Salt Lake City, San Jose, Santa Rosa and Stockton", "id": "4599392" }, { "contents": "Saint Raphael's Cathedral (Madison, Wisconsin)\n\n\nthe state capitol. In 1853, Father Francis Etchmann began constructing the most recent church building. The cornerstone was laid on May 28, 1854 by Bishop John Henni of the Diocese of Milwaukee. He dedicated the new building because the parish was under his jurisdiction at the time. The spire and bells were added in 1885. On January 9, 1946, Pope Pius XII created the Diocese of Madison for an 11-county area in the southwestern part of the state. Territory was taken from the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and the Diocese of", "id": "1920566" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst in Australia\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst (in Australia) is a Latin Church suffragan diocese of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1865, covering the Central West and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia. The Cathedral of St Michael and St John the Baptist is the episcopal see of the Bishop of Bathurst, presently Michael McKenna. The Diocese of Bathurst was erected by Pope Pius IX on 20 June 1865. Prior to this date, the area was considered within the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Sydney, its present", "id": "21254493" }, { "contents": "Joseph Maria Koudelka\n\n\n29, 1907, Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland and he was ordained on February 25, 1908 with a special ministry to the Slavic community. On June 24, 1911 Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. He was ordained as the first auxiliary bishop of Milwaukee on September 4, 1911. On August 6, 1913, Pope Pius X appointed Koudelka the second bishop of the Diocese of Superior. He was installed at the pro-cathedral of Sacred Heart in", "id": "18330746" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nThe Archdiocese of Milwaukee () is a Roman Catholic archdiocese headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the United States. It encompasses the City of Milwaukee, as well as the counties of Dodge, Fond du Lac, Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Walworth, Washington and Waukesha, all located in Wisconsin. The Archdiocese of Milwaukee is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milwaukee, which includes the suffragan dioceses of Green Bay, La Crosse, Madison, and Superior. , Jerome Edward Listecki is the Archbishop", "id": "9546478" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering nineteen counties in northwestern Ohio. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The See city for the diocese is Toledo. The eighth and current Bishop of Toledo is Daniel Edward Thomas. Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Pius X erected the diocese April 15, 1910, in territory taken from the Diocese of Cleveland. The arms of the See of Toledo are based upon", "id": "6750935" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin's 7th congressional district\n\n\nWisconsin's 7th congressional district is a congressional district of the United States House of Representatives in northwestern and central Wisconsin; it is the largest congressional district in the state geographically, covering 20 counties (in whole or part), for a total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, St. Croix, Chippewa (partial), Clark, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Jackson (partial), Juneau (partial), Langlade, Lincoln, Marathon,", "id": "8780919" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez () is located in the northern Mexican city of the same name, across the Río Grande from El Paso, Texas. It is part of the ecclesiastical province of Chihuahua and is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Chihuahua . The Diocese of Ciudad Juárez was erected by Pope Pius XII on 10 April 1957 from the Diocese of Chihuahua because of the population growth in the northern part of the state of Chihuahua. Pope Pius named Manuel Talamás Camandari as the first bishop, and by 1966", "id": "13992785" }, { "contents": "Superior, Wisconsin\n\n\nSuperior come from the Duluth market: Superior is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Francis Xavier Catholic Church, located in the East End of Superior, has been noted for its architecture. Christ Evangelical Lutheran Church is the only congregation of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod located in Superior. It recently moved from its original location on Belknap Street to a new campus on North 28th Street. Pilgrim Lutheran Church is located", "id": "4103054" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi (\"Dioecesis Uromiensis\") in Uromi, Edo State, Nigeria was created on December 14, 2005, when it was split off from the Archdiocese of Benin City. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Benin City. Its first bishop was Augustine Obiora Akubeze (who was named Archbishop of Benin City in March 2011). The St Anthony of Padua church in Uromi was selected to be its cathedral. The canonical erection of the diocese and the episcopal ordination of the bishop took", "id": "2286692" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the northwestern United States, comprising the northern regions of the state of Alaska. It is led by a bishop who serves as pastor of the mother church, Sacred Heart Cathedral in the City of Fairbanks. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Anchorage. The See of Fairbanks was established from the Prefecture Apostolic of Alaska on July 27, 1894, which was created from the Diocese of Vancouver Island. It was", "id": "7747608" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough () is a suffragan Latin diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kingston, Ontario that includes part of the federal Province of Ontario in inland Canada. Its episcopal see is the Cathedral of Saint Peter-in-Chains in Peterborough, Ontario. On March 10, 2017, the Pope named former Hamilton Auxiliary Bishop Daniel J. Miehm as the new Bishop of Peterborough. Established on 25 January 1874 as Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Canada, on territory split off from the Diocese of Kingston", "id": "5387249" }, { "contents": "Catholic Diocese of Guiratinga\n\n\nThe Diocese of Guiratinga (Dioecesis Guiratingensis) was a former ecclesiastical circumscription of the Catholic Church in Brazil, belonging to the Ecclesiastical Province of Cuiabá and the West II Regional Bishops' Council of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil, being a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cuiabá. The episcopal see is the Cathedral St. John the Baptist in the city of Guiratinga in the state of Mato Grosso. The Prelature Registry Araguaia (Territorialis Praelatura Registrensis or Territorialis Praelatura registration Araguaia) was erected on May 12, 1914 by Pope Pius X", "id": "4926427" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America encompassing the northwestern third of Wisconsin. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). The faith community comprises 20 interdependent congregations, mostly small and rural. The see and diocesan offices are in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, with Christ Church Cathedral as the mother church. Christ Church in La Crosse is the largest church in the diocese. The roots of the Diocese of Eau Claire begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians", "id": "2071071" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Motherwell\n\n\nCumbernauld and the area of Auchinloch) and South Lanarkshire. The diocese, along with the Diocese of Paisley, was erected as a Suffragan See by the Apostolic Constitution \"Maxime interest\" on 25 May 1947. The new See took part of the Archdiocese of Glasgow (becoming its Suffragan See) and part of the Diocese of Galloway. At present the diocese is vacant. The most recent Bishop of Motherwell was the Right Reverend Joseph Devine, whose resignation was accepted by Pope Francis on 30 May 2013. On Tuesday 29 April", "id": "3729293" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 28\n\n\nBayfield), Pepin, Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix Counties. The first Senator from the 28th was William Wilson of Menomonie, who served in the 1857 session (the tenth session of the Wisconsin Legislature). The district has also been represented by: As of the redistricting of 1861, the 28th now consisted of Ashland, Burnett, Dallas (later renamed Barron), Douglas, La Pointe (later renamed Bayfield), Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix counties (it was not changed in the redistricting of", "id": "2063122" }, { "contents": "List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Northern Ireland\n\n\nIn the Roman Catholic Church, the entirety of Northern Ireland is comprehended by the ecclesiastical province of Armagh. The eponymous archdiocese and five of its suffragan dioceses cover the area of Northern Ireland. The diocesan and archdiocesan boundaries are not coterminous with the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Only two dioceses are entirely contained within Northern Ireland: Down and Connor and the Diocese of Dromore. Three dioceses and the Archdiocese of Armagh straddle the border. The Archdiocese and its suffragans are all part of the Episcopal conference of Ireland", "id": "14015256" }, { "contents": "Anglican Bishop of Nottingham\n\n\nThe Anglican Bishop of Nottingham was an episcopal title used by a Church of England suffragan bishop. The title took its name after the county town of Nottingham and was first created under the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534. Until 1837, Nottingham had been part of the Diocese of York, when it then became part of the Diocese of Lincoln. With the creation of the Diocese of Southwell in 1884, Nottingham became part of that diocese, but the then- (and final) bishop remained suffragan to Lincoln. Since 2005, Nottingham gives", "id": "20176138" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell () is an ecclesiastical diocese of the Catholic Church in Scotland. The diocese, which was erected on 25 May 1947 by Pope Pius XII from the Archdiocese of Glasgow, along with the Diocese of Paisley which was erected on the same day, remains one of two suffragan sees under the Archdiocese. On Tuesday 29 April 2014 - the Feast of St Catherine of Siena - Pope Francis appointed Joseph Toal as the fifth Bishop of Motherwell. In 2004, the Catholic population, proportionately the largest in", "id": "16456386" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nnative people, and baptized over 1,000 converts. During this time, the region was being overseen by French Catholic leaders in Quebec, which became a diocese in 1674, encompassing all of North America east of the Mississippi River. In 1791, the region was transferred to the Diocese of Baltimore, which was the first Catholic diocese created in the then-newly formed United States. In 1843, the Diocese of Milwaukee was established, and consisted of the entire state of Wisconsin. Northern Wisconsin remained within the Diocese of Milwaukee,", "id": "9474217" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nEpiscopal Diocese of Milwaukee, originally the Diocese of Wisconsin is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America located in the southern area of Wisconsin. It is in Province V (for the Midwest region). The Rt. Reverend Steven Miller is the bishop. The see city is Milwaukee. Cathedral Church of All Saints, Milwaukee is the mother church. The diocese was formed after Jackson Kemper was named the Episcopal Church's first missionary bishop and oversaw the church's mission to the Northwest Territories from 1835 to", "id": "2071175" }, { "contents": "Joseph G. Pinten\n\n\nvicar general, in 1919 purchased dormitory property of Northern Normal College and donated it to the diocese to use as a church with conditions that it be named after Saint Michael and that the new parish build a school. On November 30, 1921, Pope Benedict XV appointed Pinten the third bishop of the Superior Diocese. He was ordained bishop on May 3, 1922 at St. Peter Cathedral with Archbishop Sebastian Messmer of Milwaukee presiding. The next day an enthronement ceremony was held a Sacred Heart pro-cathedral in Superior. After his", "id": "18330981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kansas City–Saint Joseph\n\n\nXIII established the Diocese of Kansas City, with territories taken from the Archdiocese of St. Louis. Its first bishop was John Joseph Hogan. On July 2, 1956, the diocese incorporated part of the territory of the Diocese of Saint Joseph, which had been established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868. On the same date in 1956 part of the Diocese of Kansas City's territory went to establish the Diocese of Jefferson City and the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau. The diocese received its present name and boundaries", "id": "13839607" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Kerry\n\n\nThe Bishop of Kerry is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kerry, one of the suffragan dioceses of the Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly in Ireland. The Episcopal see changed its name from Ardfert and Aghadoe to Kerry on 20 December 1952. The bishop's seat (Cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church Saint Mary, Killarney. The current bishop is the Most Reverend Raymond Browne who was appointed Bishop of Kerry by Pope Francis on 2 May 2013 and received episcopal consecration at St Mary's Cathedral, Killarney on 21", "id": "20835420" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle\n\n\nas a result by 1850 the Diocese of Walla Walla was abandoned and its merged-in territory administered from Oregon City. On May 31, 1850, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese, with Augustin Blanchet as bishop. In January 1851, Augustin Blanchet dedicated St. James Church near Fort Vancouver as the new diocese's cathedral. A new St. James Cathedral was built in Vancouver, Washington in 1885. In 1903 Bishop Edward O'Dea, realizing that Vancouver was no longer the economic and", "id": "6861805" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nthe head of the new diocese, including the need to recruit priests to serve the growing number of parishes throughout the diocese. By the time Bishop Schinner resigned as the bishop of Superior in 1913, he saw the pool of priests grow from 39 diocesan priests in 1905 to 62 in 1913. Today, there are now 105 parishes within the Diocese of Superior. The following is a list of the Roman Catholic Bishops of the Diocese of Superior and their years of service: The Diocese of Superior has a membership of 73,638 Catholics", "id": "9474220" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Northern California. The diocese comprises Alameda and Contra Costa Counties in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Cathedral of Christ the Light serves as the bishop's seat, replacing the Cathedral of Saint Francis de Sales which was demolished after the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989. Once a part of the Archdiocese of San Francisco, the Diocese of Oakland remains a suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the", "id": "4599275" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\ndioceses which did not formally claim any continuity with the pre-Elizabethan English dioceses were created. The Vicariate Apostolic of the Northern District was duly elevated to diocese status as the Diocese of Hexham. On 23 May 1861 the diocese became the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, it was assigned to the newly created Province of Liverpool. The present diocese covers an area of 7,700 km²", "id": "3501975" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\n1859. He became provisional bishop of Wisconsin from 1847 to 1854 and first bishop of the Diocese of Wisconsin from 1854 to 1870. In 1875, the Diocese of Fond du Lac was created to serve the northeastern 26 counties of the state. The Diocese of Eau Claire, was carved out of the diocese in 1928 for the counties in the northwestern part of Wisconsin. The Diocese of Wisconsin became the Diocese of Milwaukee in 1886. Over the last few years the membership has declined from 15,000 to 11,000. Nashotah House, in", "id": "2071176" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson\n\n\nThe Diocese of Paterson is a diocese of the Roman Rite of the Latin Catholic Church in the United States, which includes three counties in northern New Jersey: Passaic, Morris, and Sussex. The city of Paterson, third-largest in the state of New Jersey, was chosen as the episcopal see, even though the vast majority of diocesan territory lies west of the city. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Newark, and is part of Region III of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. The", "id": "14672461" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay () was established on March 3, 1868, by Pope Pius IX. It covers the city of Green Bay, as well as Brown, Calumet, Door, Florence, Forest, Kewaunee, Langlade, Manitowoc, Marinette, Menominee, Oconto, Outagamie, Shawano, Waupaca, Waushara and Winnebago counties in Wisconsin. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The earliest trace of the Catholic faith in the Green Bay area was in 1634. Jesuits followed Jean Nicolet to", "id": "9417148" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering the parishes of northern Louisiana, and a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. Its bishop is part of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and belongs to Conference Region V (which includes Alabama, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee). Its mother church is the Cathedral of Saint John Berchmans, in Shreveport. The Diocese of Shreveport was canonically erected on June 16, 1986 when Pope John Paul II split the former Diocese of", "id": "18926928" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids () is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in western Michigan, in the United States. It comprises 102 churches in 11 counties in West Michigan. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Detroit. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of Saint Andrew. On April 18, 2013, Pope Francis accepted Bishop Walter A. Hurley's resignation and appointed the Rev. David J. Walkowiak to be the twelfth Bishop of Grand Rapids. The diocese was created from territory taken from", "id": "221824" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Suacia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Svač (, , ) was a bishopric with see in the town of Svač (Latinized as Suacia), which is today the village lying to the east of Ulcinj in Montenegro that is called in Serbian Шас, in Croat Šas and in Albanian Shas. The area was part of the late Roman province of Dalmatia Superior, and the Catholic Church, which includes the diocese in its list of Latin titular sees, accordingly treats it as a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Doclea. The diocese of Svač (", "id": "4011385" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck () is a Roman Catholic diocese in North Dakota. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop David Kagan. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Bismarck. The Cathedral parish of the diocese is Cathedral of the Holy Spirit. On December 31, 1909 Saint Pius X established the Diocese of Bismarck. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Fargo. The list of bishops of the diocese and their terms of service", "id": "18993019" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fiesole\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fiesole () is a Roman Catholic diocese in Tuscany, central Italy, whose episcopal see is the city of Fiesole. Fiesole was directly subject to the pope until 1420, when the archdiocese of Florence was created and Fiesole was made one of its suffragan bishops. It is still a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Florence. According to local legend the Gospel was first preached at Fiesole by Messius Romulus, said to have been a disciple of St. Peter. Documentary evidence, however, is from the 9th and", "id": "3288239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangalore\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Bangalore () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in India. It was erected as the Diocese of Bangalore on 13 February 1940 by Pope Pius XII, and elevated to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese on 19 September 1953, with the suffragan sees of Belgaum, Bellary, Chikmagalur, Gulbarga, Karwar, Mangalore, Udupi, Mysore, and Shimoga. The archdiocese's mother church and thus seat of its archbishop is the St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral; Bangalore also houses", "id": "9571833" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City () is a Roman Catholic diocese in western South Dakota, United States. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Robert Dwayne Gruss. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Rapid City. The Cathedral parish is the Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. On August 6, 1902 Saint Pius X established the diocese as the Diocese of Lead. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Sioux Falls. The", "id": "18993239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong is a suffragan Latin Rite diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1951, covering the Illawarra and Southern Highlands regions of New South Wales, Australia. St Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Wollongong is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Wollongong, currently Brian Mascord. On 15 November 1951, Pope Pius XII announced that a new diocese would be created from the two archdioceses of Sydney and Canberra & Goulburn. To be named Wollongong, the diocese was officially established on 11 February 1952.", "id": "21254634" }, { "contents": "Cathedral of Christ the King (Superior, Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Cathedral of Christ the King is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior in Superior, Wisconsin. It was named in honor of Christ the King. The building is located at 1111 Belknap Street in Superior. When the Diocese of Superior was established in 1905 Sacred Heart church, which had been established in the 1880s, was designated the pro-cathedral. Sacred Heart continued in this function until 1926. The cathedral construction project was announced in February 1926 and the groundbreaking occurred on June 23, 1926. Bishop", "id": "2884619" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nsuffragan sees were erected in Indiana and Illinois. In 1843 the Illinois portion of the diocese became the Diocese of Chicago. On 8 January 1857 the northern half of Indiana comprised the Diocese of Fort Wayne. On 28 March 1898 the episcopal diocese was transferred from Vincennes to Indianapolis, and the Diocese of Vincennes became the Diocese of Indianapolis. In 1944 Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese and founded two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The city of Vincennes, the former", "id": "4928244" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary () is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States of America. It was founded on December 17, 1956, by Pope Pius XII. It is one of four suffragan dioceses of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Its ecclesiastic territory includes Lake, Porter, LaPorte, and Starke counties in northwestern Indiana. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of the Holy Angels in Gary, Indiana. During the first half of the 20th century, many Catholic immigrants", "id": "17635414" }, { "contents": "Red Cedar River (Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Red Cedar River in northwestern Wisconsin is a tributary of the Chippewa River. According to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the river flows approximately 100 miles from southwestern Sawyer County to its confluence with the Chippewa southeast of Dunnville in southern Dunn County. It drains portions of eight Wisconsin counties: Barron, Chippewa, Dunn, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn. Important tributaries include the Chetek River and the Hay River. Important settlements along the river's course include Cameron, Rice Lake, Colfax,", "id": "2013455" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\n, he chose Indianapolis, the state capital of Indiana and the largest city in the diocese, as the new seat of the episcopal see. Between 1837 and 1882 seventy-five priests were ordained at St. Francis Xavier, including Michael E. Shawe, the first priest ordained in Indiana. In 1898 the episcopal see was moved to Indianapolis and it became the Diocese of Indianapolis. Bishop Chatard was its first bishop. St. Francis Xavier remained under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Indianapolis from 1898 to 1944, when Pope Pius XII elevated", "id": "1660117" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln () is a Catholic diocese in Nebraska, United States, and comprises the majority of the eastern and central portions of the state south of the Platte River. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Omaha. The episcopal see is in Lincoln, Nebraska. Bishop James D. Conley is the current ordinary of the Diocese. The Cathedral of the Risen Christ is the cathedral parish of the diocese. The diocese was established on August 2, 1887, by Pope Leo XIII from the territory", "id": "18992119" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná () is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Concordia and Gualeguaychú. On 13 June 1859, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of Paraná from the Diocese of Buenos Aires. It lost territory to the Diocese of Santa Fe when it was created in 1897 and the Diocese of Corrientes in 1910. The Diocese of Paraná was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope Pius XI on 20 April 1934. It lost territory two more times when the dioceses of Gualeguaychú (1957) and Concordia (1961", "id": "14584212" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nDiocese of Indianapolis. Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese in 1944, and erected two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The Diocese of Gary, Indiana, was erected in 1956. The Evansville Diocese absorbed the city of Vincennes upon its creation. The first four Bishops of Vincennes resided at the seat of the episcopal diocese in Vincennes. Their remains are buried in the crypt of St. Francis Xavier Basilica, Vincennes. Bishop Chatard, who resided in Indianapolis and also served", "id": "4928227" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kumba\n\n\nThe Diocese of Kumba (Latin: \"Diocesis Kumbana;\" French: \"Diocèse de Kumba\") is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the African country of Cameroon. Headquartered in Kumba, the diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart and its bishop is Agapitus Enuyehnyoh Nfon. The diocese was created on 15 March 2016 by Pope Francis from territory in the Diocese of Buéa, and it is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Bamenda. On 15 March 2016, Pope Francis established the Diocese of Kumba", "id": "4860060" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grass Valley\n\n\nThe Diocese of Grass Valley () now a titular see, was formerly a residential diocese of the Catholic Church located in northeastern California, United States. The diocese also included most of Nevada, and, early in its history, Utah and part of Colorado. The particular church that became the Diocese of Grass Valley was erected in by Pope Pius IX in 1860 as the Vicariate Apostolic of Marysville from territory formerly belonging to the Archdiocese of San Francisco, of which it was a suffragan see. In 1868, the see city", "id": "1681182" }, { "contents": "James Patrick Powers\n\n\nJames Patrick Powers (born February 6, 1953) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church and the eleventh bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin. Powers was born in Baldwin, Wisconsin on February 6, 1953. He graduated from St. Croix Central High School, in Hammond, Wisconsin, and from Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Powers was ordained a priest of the Superior Diocese on May 20, 1990. He served as administrator of the diocese from December 2014 to February 2016,", "id": "11695981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Teggiano-Policastro\n\n\nThe Italian Latin Catholic Diocese of (Diano-)Teggiano-Policastro (), in Campania, has existed since 1850, under its present name since 1986. In that year the Diocese of Diano-Teggiano was united with the diocese of Policastro. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno. Its cathedral episcopal see is the Marian Cattedrale di S. Maria Maggiore e S. Michele Arcangelo, in Teggiano. The current bishop is Antonio De Luca. On 29 September 1850, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of", "id": "18017079" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth is a Latin Church Roman Catholic diocese in England. The episcopal see is in the city of Plymouth, Devon, where the bishop's seat (cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church of St Mary and St Boniface. Erected as the Diocese of Plymouth in 1850 by Pope Pius IX, from the Apostolic Vicariate of the Western District, the diocese has remained jurisdictionally constant since. Since 1965, the diocese has been a suffragan see of the Ecclesiastical Province of Southwark; before then, from", "id": "8307114" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson (, ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the southwestern region of the United States. It is a suffragan see of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santa Fe. The diocese was recently led by its seventh bishop, Most Reverend Gerald Frederick Kicanas, who retired on October 3, 2017. The See city for the diocese is Tucson, Arizona, and its cathedral parish is the St. Augustine. Another church of special interest is the Mission San Xavier del Bac, also", "id": "7747261" }, { "contents": "Diocese of Rochester\n\n\n) were added to Rochester, while all West Kent parishes except those in the Rochester Deanery were transferred to the Diocese of Canterbury. In May 1877, Essex and Hertfordshire became part of the newly created Diocese of St Albans. On 1 August 1877, the Diocese of Rochester gained some northern parts of Surrey from the Diocese of Winchester which were later transferred to the Diocese of Southwark at its creation in 1905. The present diocesan bishop, the Bishop of Rochester, is James Langstaff. The diocese also has a suffragan bishop:", "id": "3447784" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the Ecclesiastical Province of Cincinnati covering 23 counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The episcopal see of the diocese is situated at Columbus. The diocese was erected on March 3, 1868 by Pope Pius IX out of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. On October 21, 1944 the diocese lost territory when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Steubenville. The Catholic faith was brought in the area by the Dominican Order in Somerset. They established St. Joseph's Parish", "id": "6750859" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral (Alexandria, Louisiana)\n\n\n, and the clock was installed in 1908. Because of the newly constructed church and Alexandria's central location, Bishop Cornelius Van de Ven petitioned the Roman Curia to transfer the seat of the diocese from Natchitoches to Alexandria. Pope Pius X created the suffragan Diocese of Alexandria on . St. Francis Xavier Church was elevated to the rank of cathedral of the newly created diocese. The current bishop of Alexandria is Sede Vacante, and the rector of the cathedral is Father James A. Ferguson. The cathedral's rose windows are the largest in", "id": "16556508" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of Ohio. Pope Pius IX erected the diocese April 23, 1847, in territory taken from the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The diocese lost territory in 1910 when Pope Pius X erected the Diocese of Toledo, and in 1943 when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Youngstown. It is currently the 17th-largest diocese in the United States by population, encompassing the counties of Ashland, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Medina,", "id": "6750690" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pavia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Pavia () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It has been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan only since 1817. Previous to the reorganization of the hierarchy in northern Italy by Pope Pius VII after the expulsion of the French and the Congress of Vienna, the diocese of Pavia had depended directly upon the Holy See, despite repeated failed attempts on the part of the Archbishops of Milan to claim control. The diocese has produced one Pope and Patriarch of Venice, and three cardinals. The", "id": "9177548" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza () is an archdiocese located in the city of Fortaleza in Brazil. On June 6, 1854, it was established by Pope Pius IX, as the Diocese of Ceará from the Diocese of Olinda. Formerly a part of the Diocese of Pernambuco, the district was erected into a separate diocese, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Bahia. João Guerino Gomes was named as first bishop but did not accept the appointment. Father Gomes, who was famous in his day both as an orator and as", "id": "5595432" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lansing\n\n\nThe Catholic Diocese of Lansing () is located in Lansing, Michigan. It encompasses an area of including the counties of Clinton, Eaton, Genesee, Hillsdale, Ingham, Jackson, Lenawee, Livingston, Shiawassee and Washtenaw. It is a suffragan diocese of the ecclesiastical province of Detroit. Pope Pius XI created the Diocese of Lansing May 22, 1937 by taking territory from the Archdiocese of Detroit. In July 1971, Pope Paul VI separated territory from the Lansing Diocese and territory from the Diocese of Grand Rapids to form the", "id": "4281991" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza () is in Argentina and is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Neuquén and San Rafael. On 20 April 1934, Pope Pius XI established the Diocese of Mendoza from the Diocese of San Juan de Cuyo. It lost territory to the Diocese of San Rafael when it was created in 1961. At the same time, the Diocese of Mendoza was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope John XXIII on 10 April 1961./small On 5 May 2017, Kosaka Kumiko, a Japanese-Argentinian nun,", "id": "15288343" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City () is the Roman Catholic diocese for the northwestern quarter of the US state of Iowa. The diocese comprises 24 counties in northwestern Iowa, and it covers an area of . The See city for the diocese is Sioux City. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The cathedral parish for this diocese is the Epiphany. R. Walker Nickless was ordained as bishop of Sioux City on 20 January 2006. On 24 July, 1900, Pope Leo XIII issued a papal bull", "id": "394842" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis\n\n\nlater period the church first came into the area with the arrival of missionaries and European settlers. The original see was canonically erected by Pope Pius IX on July 19, 1850 as the Diocese of Saint Paul of Minnesota, a suffragan episcopal see of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis. The Diocese's territory was taken from that of Dubuque, and its authority spread over all of Minnesota Territory, which consisted of the area which now composes the states of Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota and also comprises the modern archdiocese's ecclesiastical", "id": "7457113" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Sherborne\n\n\nThe Bishop of Sherborne is an episcopal title which takes its name from the market town of Sherborne in Dorset, England. The see of Sherborne was established in around 705 by St Aldhelm, the Abbot of Malmesbury. This see was the mother diocese of the greater part of southwestern England in Saxon times, but after the Norman Conquest was incorporated into the new Diocese of Salisbury. The title Bishop of Sherborne is now used by the Church of England for a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Salisbury. In 1925, the title", "id": "4184192" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\nthe episcopal see to the Archdiocese of Indianapolis and established two new suffragan diocese in Indiana: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. On 14 March 1970 Pope Paul VI raised the status of St. Francis Xavier Cathedral to a basilica. The present Greek Revival-style basilica dates from 1826, making it the oldest Catholic church in Indiana. It was built on or near the site of two earlier churches. The first chapel, a crude structure measuring 22 feet by 66 feet, with log posts, mud daub,", "id": "1660118" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Caserta\n\n\nThe Diocese of Caserta () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Campania, southern Italy. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Naples. In 1818 Pope Pius VII united this see with the diocese of Caiazzo, but Pope Pius IX made them separate sees. In 2013 in the diocese of Caserta there was one priest for every 1,703 Catholics. It is not known when Caserta became an episcopal see. The first-known bishop was Ranulfo whose election in 1113 was confirmed by Senne, Archbishop of Capua. \"Erected", "id": "16395150" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia\n\n\nThe Italian Catholic Diocese of Pescia () is in Tuscany. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Pisa. In 1519 Pope Leo X withdrew Pescia from the archdiocese of Lucca, raising it to the dignity of a prelacy nullius; and in 1726 it was made a diocese, suffragan of Pisa. Its first bishop was Bartolommeo Pucci (1728). Others were Francesco Vicenti (1773–1801), and Giulio Serafini. On 25 November 2015, Pope Francis appointed as the new Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia,", "id": "15933634" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur\n\n\nLumpur was dedicated to St John the evangelist in 1883, and would be later known as St. John's Cathedral, the Mother Church of Kuala Lumpur. In 1955, the Diocese of Malacca became a Metropolitan Archdiocese, with the newly formed Diocese of Penang and Diocese of Kuala Lumpur as its suffragan sees. Bishop Dominic Vendargon was appointed as the first Bishop of Kuala Lumpur, and was ordained in the same year. In 1972, the Diocese of Kuala Lumpur was elevated into an Archdiocese, with the suffragan dioceses of Penang and", "id": "14666462" }, { "contents": "WESTconsin Credit Union\n\n\nanyone who lives or works in the Wisconsin counties of Barron, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Dunn, Eau Claire, Jackson, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau or Washburn, or the Minnesota counties of Anoka, Chisago, Dakota, Goodhue, Isanti, Ramsey, Wabasha, and Washington with a $5 deposit in a membership share (savings) account. Presently, \"WEST\"consin Credit Union has five fully operational high school offices that are located in Amery,", "id": "1182556" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zamboanga\n\n\nthe future city of Zamboanga. On January 20, 1933, Pope Pius XI divided Mindanao into two areas. Southern Mindanao including the Sulu Archipelago became under the jurisdiction of Zamboanga. Northern Mindanao became under the Diocese of Cagayan de Oro. In 1951 Cagayan de Oro became an archdiocese, the first in the island of Mindanao. All episcopal jurisdictions in Mindanao and Sulu, including Zamboanga, became suffragans of this archdiocese. The Diocese of Zamboanga was further divided when the Prelature Nullius of Davao was established and separated in 1949; the", "id": "18254813" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiavari\n\n\nThe Diocese of Chiavari () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Liguria, northern Italy. It was created on 3 December 1892 by Pope Leo XIII in the Bull \"Romani Pontifices\". It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Genoa. Chiavari became an episcopal see in 1892, but until 1896 it was administered by Tommaso Reggio, the Archbishop of Genoa, to which diocese it originally belonged, through his Auxiliary Bishop and Vicar General, Fortunato Vinelli, titular bishop of Epiphania (Cilicia, Ottoman Empire). The", "id": "15328930" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of El Paso\n\n\nwest Texas were served by travelling priests in car and horseback. After Pinto's efforts, Catholic parishes began to flourish in El Paso. On 3 March 1914, Pope Pius X established the Diocese of El Paso as a suffragan see of Santa Fe. The diocese covered nearly in West Texas and southern New Mexico and was created from parts of the dioceses of Dallas, San Antonio and Tucson. Jesuit priest Father John J. Brown was appointed bishop of the newly created diocese on 22 January 1915 but resigned before his scheduled consecration.", "id": "18993686" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai (; ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Municipality of Shanghai, China. It was erected on December 13, 1933 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Shanghai by Pope Pius XI, and was later elevated to the rank of a diocese on April 11, 1946 by Pope Pius XII. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Nanking. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is St. Ignatius Cathedral; it also houses a minor basilica in Sheshan", "id": "15983488" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta is a suffragan Latin Church diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1986. The Diocese of Parramatta is an organisation of the Roman Catholic Church, with responsibility for the western suburbs of Sydney and the Blue Mountains, in New South Wales, Australia. St Patrick's Cathedral, Parramatta, is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Parramatta. On 5 May 2016, Pope Francis appointed Vincent Long Van Nguyen OFM Conv to be its fourth bishop. His installation took place on 16 June 2016", "id": "21254601" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Utah\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Utah is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States, encompassing the state of Utah, less that part of the Four Corners region which is in the Navajoland Area Mission. It includes a small part of northern Arizona. In 1867, the Episcopal Church was the first Protestant church organized in Utah. The diocesan offices and cathedral, St. Mark's Cathedral, are in Salt Lake City. The current bishop is Scott B. Hayashi, whose consecration took place on November 6, 2010 and was installed", "id": "17667064" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton is a suffragan see of Archdiocese of Philadelphia, established on March 3, 1868. The seat of the bishop is St. Peter's Cathedral in Scranton, PA. Other cities in the diocese are Wilkes-Barre, Williamsport, Hazleton, Nanticoke, Carbondale, and Pittston. The diocese comprises Lackawanna, Luzerne, Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne, Tioga, Sullivan, Wyoming, Lycoming, Pike, and Monroe counties, all in the northeastern part of Pennsylvania. The area of the diocese is .", "id": "10915059" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the United States. It comprises the territory of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agaña. The diocese was canonically erected on 8 November 1984 by Pope John Paul II. Its territories were taken from the archdiocese based in Guam. The Diocese of Chalan Kanoa is led by a prelate bishop who pastors the mother church, the Our Lady of Mount Carmel Cathedral on Saipan.", "id": "5619001" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Mantua\n\n\nThe Diocese of Mantua () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It was erected in 804, and is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan. The diocese has produced one Pope and (Latin) Patriarch of Constantinople, and two cardinals. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is the Cathedral of S. Pietro Apostolo; Mantua also contains the Basilica of Sant'Andrea. The last Bishop of Mantua iss Gianmarco Busca, appointed by Pope Francis on June 3, 2016. The bishops emeriti are Egidio", "id": "9176744" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kota Kinabalu\n\n\nafter its see. On 31 May 1976 the vicariate was elevated to a full Diocese of Kota Kinabalu, suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kuching. The diocese lost territories twice, to create its present suffragans : On 23 May 2008, the diocese was elevated to Metropolitan Archdiocese, whose ecclesiastical province comprises the above suffragan dioceses, both formerly part of the original territory of the diocese of Kota Kinabalu: the Diocese of Keningau and the Diocese of Sandakan. On 21 June 2010, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Rev.", "id": "11660795" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\nthe diocese in 1850, Pius IX appointed Bishop William Hogarth, Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District, to be the first bishop of the diocese. The Parish Church of Saint Mary, Newcastle upon Tyne, designed by Augustus Welby Pugin, was selected as the seat for the new bishop, gaining cathedral status. In 1924, Pope Pius XI withdrew the old counties of Cumberland and Westmorland to incorporate them into a newly created Diocese of Lancaster. For this reason, the Lancaster diocese still considers St Cuthbert as one of its principal", "id": "6620884" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nof the Diocese of Wisconsin. In 1870, Fond du Lac was the second largest city in Wisconsin. The remaining counties continued as the Diocese of Wisconsin until 1888, when it was renamed the Diocese of Milwaukee. In 1875, after three elections, John Henry Hobart Brown accepted election as first bishop and was consecrated December 15, 1875 at St. John's Episcopal Church, Cohoes, New York. Brown declared the city of Fond du Lac and St. Paul's Church as the episcopal See. The other viable location was Christ", "id": "2071144" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fond du Lac is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, encompassing the northeastern third of Wisconsin. The diocese contains about 5,700 baptized members worshipping in 37 locations. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). Diocesan offices are in Appleton, Wisconsin. The Diocesan Archives are maintained in Grafton Hall behind the Cathedral in Fond du Lac. Matthew Gunter is its bishop. The roots of the Diocese of Fond du Lac begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians, removing from", "id": "2071141" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spiš\n\n\nThe Diocese of Spiš (, ) is a Roman Catholic diocese in northern Slovakia. It covers central and eastern parts of the Žilina Region and western part of the Prešov Region. Its seat is in Spišská Kapitula; the diocese covers an area of 7,802 km² with 583,633 people of which 76.6% are of Catholic faith (2004). The current bishop is Štefan Sečka. The diocese was established on 13 March 1776 as a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Esztergom. In 1804, its metropolitan was changed to the Archdiocese of Eger", "id": "12385676" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Salford\n\n\n-Elizabethan English dioceses of which one of these was the diocese of Salford and went on to take up the reins of part of the former Vicariate Apostolic of the Lancashire District. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but a further development was its assignment under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, to a newly created Province of Liverpool. At the diocese's creation the territory assigned to it was the hundreds of Salford and Blackburn. The diocese currently covers an", "id": "3729210" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering twenty-eight counties in Kansas. Pope Pius XII created the diocese on May 19, 1951. John B. Brungardt was appointed Bishop of Dodge City in December 2010. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City encompasses 23,000-square-miles, and 50 parishes in 28 counties. It was established in 1951 from parts of the Diocese of Wichita, the Diocese of Leavenworth, and the Vicariate Apostolic of the Indian Territory established July 19, 1850. At that", "id": "17635532" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It comprises that part of South Dakota east of the Missouri River. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Paul J. Swain. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Sioux Falls. The cathedral parish is St. Joseph Cathedral. On August 12, 1879 Pope Leo XIII established the Vicariate Apostolic of Dakota from territory taken from the Diocese of", "id": "18993545" } ]

[ { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior () encompasses the city of Superior and the counties of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Lincoln, Oneida, Price, Polk, Rusk, Sawyer, St. Croix, Taylor, Vilas, and Washburn in northern Wisconsin, with an area of . Its episcopal see is Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is its mother church. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The diocese was established on May 3, 1905 by", "id": "9474213" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nPope Pius X. It was created from the northern part of the Diocese of La Crosse and the northwestern part of the Diocese of Green Bay, with Augustine Francis Schinner as the first bishop. Prior to the official founding of the diocese in 1905, there had already been a rich history of Catholicism in the region. Centuries earlier, Catholic missionaries had forged a dynamic presence throughout the Lake Superior region of Wisconsin. The early history of Catholicism in the state of Wisconsin started within the territory that the Diocese of Superior now encompasses,", "id": "9474214" }, { "contents": "List of museums in Wisconsin\n\n\nMarathon, Marquette, Menominee, Milwaukee, Oconto, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan Counties in the north central and northwest area: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Langlade, Lincoln, Oneida, Polk, Price, Rusk, Sawyer, Taylor, Vilas, Washburn South central and southwest area along the Mississippi and Chippewa rivers: Buffalo, Chippewa, Crawford, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Jackson, La Crosse, Pepin, Pierce, St. Croix, Trempealeau, Vernon South", "id": "7014980" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nserved for one year as pastor of St. Hubertus parish at Hubertus, Wisconsin. From 1887 to 1893 he was a member of the faculty of St. Francis Seminary. From 1893 to 1905, he served as chancellor and vicar general of the archdiocese of Milwaukee, appointed by Archbishop Frederick Katzer. The Diocese of Superior was established on May 3, 1905, formed from portions of the Diocese of Green Bay and the Diocese of La Crosse. On May 13, 1905, Pope Pius X appointed Schinner the first Bishop of the newly", "id": "5250913" }, { "contents": "United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin\n\n\nheld at Madison. The district comprises the following counties: Adams, Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Green, Iowa, Iron, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, La Crosse, Lafayette, Lincoln, Marathon, Monroe, Oneida, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Portage, Price, Richland, Rock, Rusk, Sauk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Vilas, Washburn and", "id": "19092884" }, { "contents": "2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin\n\n\na total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark (partial), Douglas, Iron, Langlade (partial), Lincoln, Marathon, Oneida, Polk, Portage, Price, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Washburn and Wood. The district is currently represented by Sean Duffy, a Republican. The PVI of the district is R+8. Duffy is running for reelection. The 8th congressional district includes Green Bay and Appleton. It", "id": "2566179" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nAugustine Francis Schinner (May 1, 1863 – February 7, 1937) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the first Bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin (1905-1913) and first Bishop of the Diocese of Spokane, Washington (1914-1925). Schinner was educated at St. Francis Seminary in Wisconsin, and was ordained to the priesthood on March 7, 1886, by Archbishop Michael Heiss of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee at the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist. He", "id": "5250912" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse\n\n\nthe Workman. The Diocese of La Crosse was established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868, from territory that was taken from what was then the Diocese of Milwaukee. It included the part of Wisconsin lying north and west of the Wisconsin River. Michael Heiss, then head of St. Francis Seminary, Milwaukee, was named the first bishop of the La Crosse episcopal see. On May 3, 1905, the territory of the Dioceses of La Crosse and Green Bay was brought together to form the Diocese of Superior,", "id": "6320305" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nuntil the formation of the Diocese of Lacrosse, and the Diocese of Green Bay, which then served the northern region. Finally, in 1905, the Diocese of Superior was created by Pope Pius X, encompassing 16 counties in northern Wisconsin. The oldest Catholic congregation in the state of Wisconsin (in continuous operation to the present-day) is within the Diocese of Superior. On July 27, 1836, Fr. Frederic Baraga arrived at La Pointe, and immediately set to work, building a log church. Fr.", "id": "9474218" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane\n\n\n, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese. The episcopal see was subsequently moved to Seattle, and the diocese was renamed the Diocese of Seattle in 1907. With a growing population in Spokane and other areas of Eastern Washington, church leadership in Seattle realized that a new diocese needed to be formed, and the Diocese of Spokane was canonically erected by Pope Pius X on December 17, 1913. The diocese's first bishop was Augustine Francis Schinner, the bishop emeritus of the Diocese of", "id": "6861839" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 25\n\n\nThe 25th District of the Wisconsin Senate is located in far north-western Wisconsin, and is currently composed of part or all of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Price, Sawyer, Vilas and Washburn counties. The district area is a mostly rural, and covers more land and more counties than any other district in Wisconsin. Janet Bewley is the senator serving the 25th district. She was elected to a four-year term in 2014. Before serving as a senator, she held an office", "id": "19471671" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nBaraga, like the Jesuit missionaries before him, had success evangelizing the native people. His congregation at La Pointe grew, and also included many early European immigrants, primarily French Fur Traders. In 1838, Fr. Baraga built a larger church at La Pointe, on the spot of the present-day location of \"St. Joseph's Catholic Church\". The first Bishop to serve the Diocese of Superior was Augustine Francis Schinner, who was consecrated as Bishop on July 25, 1905. Bishop Schinner faced many challenges, as", "id": "9474219" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\ncreated diocese. He was ordained a bishop on July 25, 1905. Traveling by train with an entourage of over 60 priests from Milwaukee, he arrived at Ashland, Wisconsin, traveled to the Apostle Islands on a short boat tour, and then continued on to Superior. There were 39 diocesan priests, 17 religious order priests serving 38,861 Catholics in 43 parishes with resident pastors, and 50 missions and 33 stations. For Catholic schools, there was 1 high school, 16 elementary and 2 boarding schools with a total enrollment of", "id": "5250914" }, { "contents": "Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway\n\n\nthe Mississippi River, it lies within parts of eight counties in Wisconsin: Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Pierce, Polk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn; and three in Minnesota: Chisago, Pine, and Washington. The upper St. Croix is a nationally renowned smallmouth bass fishery. Other fish species present in the riverway include walleye, northern pike, sturgeon, muskellunge, and catfish. The Namekagon River upstream of Hayward, Wisconsin is well known for its brown and brook trout fishing. Besides fishing, the riverway", "id": "10086875" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento\n\n\nmother church of the diocese, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament. Originally a major part of the defunct Grass Valley Diocese (which included several counties in northern California and Nevada), the present-day diocese was established by Pope Leo XIII on May 28, 1886. Today, the See of Sacramento remains a ceremonial suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the Dioceses of Honolulu, Las Vegas, Oakland, Reno, Salt Lake City, San Jose, Santa Rosa and Stockton", "id": "4599392" }, { "contents": "Saint Raphael's Cathedral (Madison, Wisconsin)\n\n\nthe state capitol. In 1853, Father Francis Etchmann began constructing the most recent church building. The cornerstone was laid on May 28, 1854 by Bishop John Henni of the Diocese of Milwaukee. He dedicated the new building because the parish was under his jurisdiction at the time. The spire and bells were added in 1885. On January 9, 1946, Pope Pius XII created the Diocese of Madison for an 11-county area in the southwestern part of the state. Territory was taken from the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and the Diocese of", "id": "1920566" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst in Australia\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst (in Australia) is a Latin Church suffragan diocese of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1865, covering the Central West and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia. The Cathedral of St Michael and St John the Baptist is the episcopal see of the Bishop of Bathurst, presently Michael McKenna. The Diocese of Bathurst was erected by Pope Pius IX on 20 June 1865. Prior to this date, the area was considered within the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Sydney, its present", "id": "21254493" }, { "contents": "Joseph Maria Koudelka\n\n\n29, 1907, Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland and he was ordained on February 25, 1908 with a special ministry to the Slavic community. On June 24, 1911 Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. He was ordained as the first auxiliary bishop of Milwaukee on September 4, 1911. On August 6, 1913, Pope Pius X appointed Koudelka the second bishop of the Diocese of Superior. He was installed at the pro-cathedral of Sacred Heart in", "id": "18330746" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nThe Archdiocese of Milwaukee () is a Roman Catholic archdiocese headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the United States. It encompasses the City of Milwaukee, as well as the counties of Dodge, Fond du Lac, Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Walworth, Washington and Waukesha, all located in Wisconsin. The Archdiocese of Milwaukee is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milwaukee, which includes the suffragan dioceses of Green Bay, La Crosse, Madison, and Superior. , Jerome Edward Listecki is the Archbishop", "id": "9546478" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering nineteen counties in northwestern Ohio. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The See city for the diocese is Toledo. The eighth and current Bishop of Toledo is Daniel Edward Thomas. Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Pius X erected the diocese April 15, 1910, in territory taken from the Diocese of Cleveland. The arms of the See of Toledo are based upon", "id": "6750935" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin's 7th congressional district\n\n\nWisconsin's 7th congressional district is a congressional district of the United States House of Representatives in northwestern and central Wisconsin; it is the largest congressional district in the state geographically, covering 20 counties (in whole or part), for a total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, St. Croix, Chippewa (partial), Clark, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Jackson (partial), Juneau (partial), Langlade, Lincoln, Marathon,", "id": "8780919" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez () is located in the northern Mexican city of the same name, across the Río Grande from El Paso, Texas. It is part of the ecclesiastical province of Chihuahua and is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Chihuahua . The Diocese of Ciudad Juárez was erected by Pope Pius XII on 10 April 1957 from the Diocese of Chihuahua because of the population growth in the northern part of the state of Chihuahua. Pope Pius named Manuel Talamás Camandari as the first bishop, and by 1966", "id": "13992785" }, { "contents": "Superior, Wisconsin\n\n\nSuperior come from the Duluth market: Superior is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Francis Xavier Catholic Church, located in the East End of Superior, has been noted for its architecture. Christ Evangelical Lutheran Church is the only congregation of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod located in Superior. It recently moved from its original location on Belknap Street to a new campus on North 28th Street. Pilgrim Lutheran Church is located", "id": "4103054" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi (\"Dioecesis Uromiensis\") in Uromi, Edo State, Nigeria was created on December 14, 2005, when it was split off from the Archdiocese of Benin City. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Benin City. Its first bishop was Augustine Obiora Akubeze (who was named Archbishop of Benin City in March 2011). The St Anthony of Padua church in Uromi was selected to be its cathedral. The canonical erection of the diocese and the episcopal ordination of the bishop took", "id": "2286692" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the northwestern United States, comprising the northern regions of the state of Alaska. It is led by a bishop who serves as pastor of the mother church, Sacred Heart Cathedral in the City of Fairbanks. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Anchorage. The See of Fairbanks was established from the Prefecture Apostolic of Alaska on July 27, 1894, which was created from the Diocese of Vancouver Island. It was", "id": "7747608" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough () is a suffragan Latin diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kingston, Ontario that includes part of the federal Province of Ontario in inland Canada. Its episcopal see is the Cathedral of Saint Peter-in-Chains in Peterborough, Ontario. On March 10, 2017, the Pope named former Hamilton Auxiliary Bishop Daniel J. Miehm as the new Bishop of Peterborough. Established on 25 January 1874 as Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Canada, on territory split off from the Diocese of Kingston", "id": "5387249" }, { "contents": "Catholic Diocese of Guiratinga\n\n\nThe Diocese of Guiratinga (Dioecesis Guiratingensis) was a former ecclesiastical circumscription of the Catholic Church in Brazil, belonging to the Ecclesiastical Province of Cuiabá and the West II Regional Bishops' Council of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil, being a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cuiabá. The episcopal see is the Cathedral St. John the Baptist in the city of Guiratinga in the state of Mato Grosso. The Prelature Registry Araguaia (Territorialis Praelatura Registrensis or Territorialis Praelatura registration Araguaia) was erected on May 12, 1914 by Pope Pius X", "id": "4926427" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America encompassing the northwestern third of Wisconsin. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). The faith community comprises 20 interdependent congregations, mostly small and rural. The see and diocesan offices are in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, with Christ Church Cathedral as the mother church. Christ Church in La Crosse is the largest church in the diocese. The roots of the Diocese of Eau Claire begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians", "id": "2071071" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Motherwell\n\n\nCumbernauld and the area of Auchinloch) and South Lanarkshire. The diocese, along with the Diocese of Paisley, was erected as a Suffragan See by the Apostolic Constitution \"Maxime interest\" on 25 May 1947. The new See took part of the Archdiocese of Glasgow (becoming its Suffragan See) and part of the Diocese of Galloway. At present the diocese is vacant. The most recent Bishop of Motherwell was the Right Reverend Joseph Devine, whose resignation was accepted by Pope Francis on 30 May 2013. On Tuesday 29 April", "id": "3729293" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 28\n\n\nBayfield), Pepin, Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix Counties. The first Senator from the 28th was William Wilson of Menomonie, who served in the 1857 session (the tenth session of the Wisconsin Legislature). The district has also been represented by: As of the redistricting of 1861, the 28th now consisted of Ashland, Burnett, Dallas (later renamed Barron), Douglas, La Pointe (later renamed Bayfield), Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix counties (it was not changed in the redistricting of", "id": "2063122" }, { "contents": "List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Northern Ireland\n\n\nIn the Roman Catholic Church, the entirety of Northern Ireland is comprehended by the ecclesiastical province of Armagh. The eponymous archdiocese and five of its suffragan dioceses cover the area of Northern Ireland. The diocesan and archdiocesan boundaries are not coterminous with the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Only two dioceses are entirely contained within Northern Ireland: Down and Connor and the Diocese of Dromore. Three dioceses and the Archdiocese of Armagh straddle the border. The Archdiocese and its suffragans are all part of the Episcopal conference of Ireland", "id": "14015256" }, { "contents": "Anglican Bishop of Nottingham\n\n\nThe Anglican Bishop of Nottingham was an episcopal title used by a Church of England suffragan bishop. The title took its name after the county town of Nottingham and was first created under the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534. Until 1837, Nottingham had been part of the Diocese of York, when it then became part of the Diocese of Lincoln. With the creation of the Diocese of Southwell in 1884, Nottingham became part of that diocese, but the then- (and final) bishop remained suffragan to Lincoln. Since 2005, Nottingham gives", "id": "20176138" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell () is an ecclesiastical diocese of the Catholic Church in Scotland. The diocese, which was erected on 25 May 1947 by Pope Pius XII from the Archdiocese of Glasgow, along with the Diocese of Paisley which was erected on the same day, remains one of two suffragan sees under the Archdiocese. On Tuesday 29 April 2014 - the Feast of St Catherine of Siena - Pope Francis appointed Joseph Toal as the fifth Bishop of Motherwell. In 2004, the Catholic population, proportionately the largest in", "id": "16456386" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nnative people, and baptized over 1,000 converts. During this time, the region was being overseen by French Catholic leaders in Quebec, which became a diocese in 1674, encompassing all of North America east of the Mississippi River. In 1791, the region was transferred to the Diocese of Baltimore, which was the first Catholic diocese created in the then-newly formed United States. In 1843, the Diocese of Milwaukee was established, and consisted of the entire state of Wisconsin. Northern Wisconsin remained within the Diocese of Milwaukee,", "id": "9474217" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nEpiscopal Diocese of Milwaukee, originally the Diocese of Wisconsin is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America located in the southern area of Wisconsin. It is in Province V (for the Midwest region). The Rt. Reverend Steven Miller is the bishop. The see city is Milwaukee. Cathedral Church of All Saints, Milwaukee is the mother church. The diocese was formed after Jackson Kemper was named the Episcopal Church's first missionary bishop and oversaw the church's mission to the Northwest Territories from 1835 to", "id": "2071175" }, { "contents": "Joseph G. Pinten\n\n\nvicar general, in 1919 purchased dormitory property of Northern Normal College and donated it to the diocese to use as a church with conditions that it be named after Saint Michael and that the new parish build a school. On November 30, 1921, Pope Benedict XV appointed Pinten the third bishop of the Superior Diocese. He was ordained bishop on May 3, 1922 at St. Peter Cathedral with Archbishop Sebastian Messmer of Milwaukee presiding. The next day an enthronement ceremony was held a Sacred Heart pro-cathedral in Superior. After his", "id": "18330981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kansas City–Saint Joseph\n\n\nXIII established the Diocese of Kansas City, with territories taken from the Archdiocese of St. Louis. Its first bishop was John Joseph Hogan. On July 2, 1956, the diocese incorporated part of the territory of the Diocese of Saint Joseph, which had been established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868. On the same date in 1956 part of the Diocese of Kansas City's territory went to establish the Diocese of Jefferson City and the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau. The diocese received its present name and boundaries", "id": "13839607" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Kerry\n\n\nThe Bishop of Kerry is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kerry, one of the suffragan dioceses of the Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly in Ireland. The Episcopal see changed its name from Ardfert and Aghadoe to Kerry on 20 December 1952. The bishop's seat (Cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church Saint Mary, Killarney. The current bishop is the Most Reverend Raymond Browne who was appointed Bishop of Kerry by Pope Francis on 2 May 2013 and received episcopal consecration at St Mary's Cathedral, Killarney on 21", "id": "20835420" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle\n\n\nas a result by 1850 the Diocese of Walla Walla was abandoned and its merged-in territory administered from Oregon City. On May 31, 1850, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese, with Augustin Blanchet as bishop. In January 1851, Augustin Blanchet dedicated St. James Church near Fort Vancouver as the new diocese's cathedral. A new St. James Cathedral was built in Vancouver, Washington in 1885. In 1903 Bishop Edward O'Dea, realizing that Vancouver was no longer the economic and", "id": "6861805" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nthe head of the new diocese, including the need to recruit priests to serve the growing number of parishes throughout the diocese. By the time Bishop Schinner resigned as the bishop of Superior in 1913, he saw the pool of priests grow from 39 diocesan priests in 1905 to 62 in 1913. Today, there are now 105 parishes within the Diocese of Superior. The following is a list of the Roman Catholic Bishops of the Diocese of Superior and their years of service: The Diocese of Superior has a membership of 73,638 Catholics", "id": "9474220" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Northern California. The diocese comprises Alameda and Contra Costa Counties in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Cathedral of Christ the Light serves as the bishop's seat, replacing the Cathedral of Saint Francis de Sales which was demolished after the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989. Once a part of the Archdiocese of San Francisco, the Diocese of Oakland remains a suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the", "id": "4599275" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\ndioceses which did not formally claim any continuity with the pre-Elizabethan English dioceses were created. The Vicariate Apostolic of the Northern District was duly elevated to diocese status as the Diocese of Hexham. On 23 May 1861 the diocese became the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, it was assigned to the newly created Province of Liverpool. The present diocese covers an area of 7,700 km²", "id": "3501975" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\n1859. He became provisional bishop of Wisconsin from 1847 to 1854 and first bishop of the Diocese of Wisconsin from 1854 to 1870. In 1875, the Diocese of Fond du Lac was created to serve the northeastern 26 counties of the state. The Diocese of Eau Claire, was carved out of the diocese in 1928 for the counties in the northwestern part of Wisconsin. The Diocese of Wisconsin became the Diocese of Milwaukee in 1886. Over the last few years the membership has declined from 15,000 to 11,000. Nashotah House, in", "id": "2071176" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson\n\n\nThe Diocese of Paterson is a diocese of the Roman Rite of the Latin Catholic Church in the United States, which includes three counties in northern New Jersey: Passaic, Morris, and Sussex. The city of Paterson, third-largest in the state of New Jersey, was chosen as the episcopal see, even though the vast majority of diocesan territory lies west of the city. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Newark, and is part of Region III of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. The", "id": "14672461" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay () was established on March 3, 1868, by Pope Pius IX. It covers the city of Green Bay, as well as Brown, Calumet, Door, Florence, Forest, Kewaunee, Langlade, Manitowoc, Marinette, Menominee, Oconto, Outagamie, Shawano, Waupaca, Waushara and Winnebago counties in Wisconsin. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The earliest trace of the Catholic faith in the Green Bay area was in 1634. Jesuits followed Jean Nicolet to", "id": "9417148" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering the parishes of northern Louisiana, and a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. Its bishop is part of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and belongs to Conference Region V (which includes Alabama, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee). Its mother church is the Cathedral of Saint John Berchmans, in Shreveport. The Diocese of Shreveport was canonically erected on June 16, 1986 when Pope John Paul II split the former Diocese of", "id": "18926928" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids () is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in western Michigan, in the United States. It comprises 102 churches in 11 counties in West Michigan. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Detroit. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of Saint Andrew. On April 18, 2013, Pope Francis accepted Bishop Walter A. Hurley's resignation and appointed the Rev. David J. Walkowiak to be the twelfth Bishop of Grand Rapids. The diocese was created from territory taken from", "id": "221824" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Suacia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Svač (, , ) was a bishopric with see in the town of Svač (Latinized as Suacia), which is today the village lying to the east of Ulcinj in Montenegro that is called in Serbian Шас, in Croat Šas and in Albanian Shas. The area was part of the late Roman province of Dalmatia Superior, and the Catholic Church, which includes the diocese in its list of Latin titular sees, accordingly treats it as a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Doclea. The diocese of Svač (", "id": "4011385" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck () is a Roman Catholic diocese in North Dakota. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop David Kagan. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Bismarck. The Cathedral parish of the diocese is Cathedral of the Holy Spirit. On December 31, 1909 Saint Pius X established the Diocese of Bismarck. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Fargo. The list of bishops of the diocese and their terms of service", "id": "18993019" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fiesole\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fiesole () is a Roman Catholic diocese in Tuscany, central Italy, whose episcopal see is the city of Fiesole. Fiesole was directly subject to the pope until 1420, when the archdiocese of Florence was created and Fiesole was made one of its suffragan bishops. It is still a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Florence. According to local legend the Gospel was first preached at Fiesole by Messius Romulus, said to have been a disciple of St. Peter. Documentary evidence, however, is from the 9th and", "id": "3288239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangalore\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Bangalore () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in India. It was erected as the Diocese of Bangalore on 13 February 1940 by Pope Pius XII, and elevated to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese on 19 September 1953, with the suffragan sees of Belgaum, Bellary, Chikmagalur, Gulbarga, Karwar, Mangalore, Udupi, Mysore, and Shimoga. The archdiocese's mother church and thus seat of its archbishop is the St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral; Bangalore also houses", "id": "9571833" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City () is a Roman Catholic diocese in western South Dakota, United States. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Robert Dwayne Gruss. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Rapid City. The Cathedral parish is the Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. On August 6, 1902 Saint Pius X established the diocese as the Diocese of Lead. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Sioux Falls. The", "id": "18993239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong is a suffragan Latin Rite diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1951, covering the Illawarra and Southern Highlands regions of New South Wales, Australia. St Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Wollongong is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Wollongong, currently Brian Mascord. On 15 November 1951, Pope Pius XII announced that a new diocese would be created from the two archdioceses of Sydney and Canberra & Goulburn. To be named Wollongong, the diocese was officially established on 11 February 1952.", "id": "21254634" }, { "contents": "Cathedral of Christ the King (Superior, Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Cathedral of Christ the King is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior in Superior, Wisconsin. It was named in honor of Christ the King. The building is located at 1111 Belknap Street in Superior. When the Diocese of Superior was established in 1905 Sacred Heart church, which had been established in the 1880s, was designated the pro-cathedral. Sacred Heart continued in this function until 1926. The cathedral construction project was announced in February 1926 and the groundbreaking occurred on June 23, 1926. Bishop", "id": "2884619" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nsuffragan sees were erected in Indiana and Illinois. In 1843 the Illinois portion of the diocese became the Diocese of Chicago. On 8 January 1857 the northern half of Indiana comprised the Diocese of Fort Wayne. On 28 March 1898 the episcopal diocese was transferred from Vincennes to Indianapolis, and the Diocese of Vincennes became the Diocese of Indianapolis. In 1944 Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese and founded two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The city of Vincennes, the former", "id": "4928244" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary () is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States of America. It was founded on December 17, 1956, by Pope Pius XII. It is one of four suffragan dioceses of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Its ecclesiastic territory includes Lake, Porter, LaPorte, and Starke counties in northwestern Indiana. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of the Holy Angels in Gary, Indiana. During the first half of the 20th century, many Catholic immigrants", "id": "17635414" }, { "contents": "Red Cedar River (Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Red Cedar River in northwestern Wisconsin is a tributary of the Chippewa River. According to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the river flows approximately 100 miles from southwestern Sawyer County to its confluence with the Chippewa southeast of Dunnville in southern Dunn County. It drains portions of eight Wisconsin counties: Barron, Chippewa, Dunn, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn. Important tributaries include the Chetek River and the Hay River. Important settlements along the river's course include Cameron, Rice Lake, Colfax,", "id": "2013455" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\n, he chose Indianapolis, the state capital of Indiana and the largest city in the diocese, as the new seat of the episcopal see. Between 1837 and 1882 seventy-five priests were ordained at St. Francis Xavier, including Michael E. Shawe, the first priest ordained in Indiana. In 1898 the episcopal see was moved to Indianapolis and it became the Diocese of Indianapolis. Bishop Chatard was its first bishop. St. Francis Xavier remained under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Indianapolis from 1898 to 1944, when Pope Pius XII elevated", "id": "1660117" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln () is a Catholic diocese in Nebraska, United States, and comprises the majority of the eastern and central portions of the state south of the Platte River. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Omaha. The episcopal see is in Lincoln, Nebraska. Bishop James D. Conley is the current ordinary of the Diocese. The Cathedral of the Risen Christ is the cathedral parish of the diocese. The diocese was established on August 2, 1887, by Pope Leo XIII from the territory", "id": "18992119" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná () is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Concordia and Gualeguaychú. On 13 June 1859, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of Paraná from the Diocese of Buenos Aires. It lost territory to the Diocese of Santa Fe when it was created in 1897 and the Diocese of Corrientes in 1910. The Diocese of Paraná was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope Pius XI on 20 April 1934. It lost territory two more times when the dioceses of Gualeguaychú (1957) and Concordia (1961", "id": "14584212" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nDiocese of Indianapolis. Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese in 1944, and erected two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The Diocese of Gary, Indiana, was erected in 1956. The Evansville Diocese absorbed the city of Vincennes upon its creation. The first four Bishops of Vincennes resided at the seat of the episcopal diocese in Vincennes. Their remains are buried in the crypt of St. Francis Xavier Basilica, Vincennes. Bishop Chatard, who resided in Indianapolis and also served", "id": "4928227" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kumba\n\n\nThe Diocese of Kumba (Latin: \"Diocesis Kumbana;\" French: \"Diocèse de Kumba\") is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the African country of Cameroon. Headquartered in Kumba, the diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart and its bishop is Agapitus Enuyehnyoh Nfon. The diocese was created on 15 March 2016 by Pope Francis from territory in the Diocese of Buéa, and it is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Bamenda. On 15 March 2016, Pope Francis established the Diocese of Kumba", "id": "4860060" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grass Valley\n\n\nThe Diocese of Grass Valley () now a titular see, was formerly a residential diocese of the Catholic Church located in northeastern California, United States. The diocese also included most of Nevada, and, early in its history, Utah and part of Colorado. The particular church that became the Diocese of Grass Valley was erected in by Pope Pius IX in 1860 as the Vicariate Apostolic of Marysville from territory formerly belonging to the Archdiocese of San Francisco, of which it was a suffragan see. In 1868, the see city", "id": "1681182" }, { "contents": "James Patrick Powers\n\n\nJames Patrick Powers (born February 6, 1953) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church and the eleventh bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin. Powers was born in Baldwin, Wisconsin on February 6, 1953. He graduated from St. Croix Central High School, in Hammond, Wisconsin, and from Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Powers was ordained a priest of the Superior Diocese on May 20, 1990. He served as administrator of the diocese from December 2014 to February 2016,", "id": "11695981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Teggiano-Policastro\n\n\nThe Italian Latin Catholic Diocese of (Diano-)Teggiano-Policastro (), in Campania, has existed since 1850, under its present name since 1986. In that year the Diocese of Diano-Teggiano was united with the diocese of Policastro. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno. Its cathedral episcopal see is the Marian Cattedrale di S. Maria Maggiore e S. Michele Arcangelo, in Teggiano. The current bishop is Antonio De Luca. On 29 September 1850, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of", "id": "18017079" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth is a Latin Church Roman Catholic diocese in England. The episcopal see is in the city of Plymouth, Devon, where the bishop's seat (cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church of St Mary and St Boniface. Erected as the Diocese of Plymouth in 1850 by Pope Pius IX, from the Apostolic Vicariate of the Western District, the diocese has remained jurisdictionally constant since. Since 1965, the diocese has been a suffragan see of the Ecclesiastical Province of Southwark; before then, from", "id": "8307114" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson (, ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the southwestern region of the United States. It is a suffragan see of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santa Fe. The diocese was recently led by its seventh bishop, Most Reverend Gerald Frederick Kicanas, who retired on October 3, 2017. The See city for the diocese is Tucson, Arizona, and its cathedral parish is the St. Augustine. Another church of special interest is the Mission San Xavier del Bac, also", "id": "7747261" }, { "contents": "Diocese of Rochester\n\n\n) were added to Rochester, while all West Kent parishes except those in the Rochester Deanery were transferred to the Diocese of Canterbury. In May 1877, Essex and Hertfordshire became part of the newly created Diocese of St Albans. On 1 August 1877, the Diocese of Rochester gained some northern parts of Surrey from the Diocese of Winchester which were later transferred to the Diocese of Southwark at its creation in 1905. The present diocesan bishop, the Bishop of Rochester, is James Langstaff. The diocese also has a suffragan bishop:", "id": "3447784" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the Ecclesiastical Province of Cincinnati covering 23 counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The episcopal see of the diocese is situated at Columbus. The diocese was erected on March 3, 1868 by Pope Pius IX out of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. On October 21, 1944 the diocese lost territory when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Steubenville. The Catholic faith was brought in the area by the Dominican Order in Somerset. They established St. Joseph's Parish", "id": "6750859" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral (Alexandria, Louisiana)\n\n\n, and the clock was installed in 1908. Because of the newly constructed church and Alexandria's central location, Bishop Cornelius Van de Ven petitioned the Roman Curia to transfer the seat of the diocese from Natchitoches to Alexandria. Pope Pius X created the suffragan Diocese of Alexandria on . St. Francis Xavier Church was elevated to the rank of cathedral of the newly created diocese. The current bishop of Alexandria is Sede Vacante, and the rector of the cathedral is Father James A. Ferguson. The cathedral's rose windows are the largest in", "id": "16556508" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of Ohio. Pope Pius IX erected the diocese April 23, 1847, in territory taken from the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The diocese lost territory in 1910 when Pope Pius X erected the Diocese of Toledo, and in 1943 when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Youngstown. It is currently the 17th-largest diocese in the United States by population, encompassing the counties of Ashland, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Medina,", "id": "6750690" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pavia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Pavia () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It has been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan only since 1817. Previous to the reorganization of the hierarchy in northern Italy by Pope Pius VII after the expulsion of the French and the Congress of Vienna, the diocese of Pavia had depended directly upon the Holy See, despite repeated failed attempts on the part of the Archbishops of Milan to claim control. The diocese has produced one Pope and Patriarch of Venice, and three cardinals. The", "id": "9177548" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza () is an archdiocese located in the city of Fortaleza in Brazil. On June 6, 1854, it was established by Pope Pius IX, as the Diocese of Ceará from the Diocese of Olinda. Formerly a part of the Diocese of Pernambuco, the district was erected into a separate diocese, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Bahia. João Guerino Gomes was named as first bishop but did not accept the appointment. Father Gomes, who was famous in his day both as an orator and as", "id": "5595432" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lansing\n\n\nThe Catholic Diocese of Lansing () is located in Lansing, Michigan. It encompasses an area of including the counties of Clinton, Eaton, Genesee, Hillsdale, Ingham, Jackson, Lenawee, Livingston, Shiawassee and Washtenaw. It is a suffragan diocese of the ecclesiastical province of Detroit. Pope Pius XI created the Diocese of Lansing May 22, 1937 by taking territory from the Archdiocese of Detroit. In July 1971, Pope Paul VI separated territory from the Lansing Diocese and territory from the Diocese of Grand Rapids to form the", "id": "4281991" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza () is in Argentina and is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Neuquén and San Rafael. On 20 April 1934, Pope Pius XI established the Diocese of Mendoza from the Diocese of San Juan de Cuyo. It lost territory to the Diocese of San Rafael when it was created in 1961. At the same time, the Diocese of Mendoza was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope John XXIII on 10 April 1961./small On 5 May 2017, Kosaka Kumiko, a Japanese-Argentinian nun,", "id": "15288343" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City () is the Roman Catholic diocese for the northwestern quarter of the US state of Iowa. The diocese comprises 24 counties in northwestern Iowa, and it covers an area of . The See city for the diocese is Sioux City. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The cathedral parish for this diocese is the Epiphany. R. Walker Nickless was ordained as bishop of Sioux City on 20 January 2006. On 24 July, 1900, Pope Leo XIII issued a papal bull", "id": "394842" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis\n\n\nlater period the church first came into the area with the arrival of missionaries and European settlers. The original see was canonically erected by Pope Pius IX on July 19, 1850 as the Diocese of Saint Paul of Minnesota, a suffragan episcopal see of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis. The Diocese's territory was taken from that of Dubuque, and its authority spread over all of Minnesota Territory, which consisted of the area which now composes the states of Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota and also comprises the modern archdiocese's ecclesiastical", "id": "7457113" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Sherborne\n\n\nThe Bishop of Sherborne is an episcopal title which takes its name from the market town of Sherborne in Dorset, England. The see of Sherborne was established in around 705 by St Aldhelm, the Abbot of Malmesbury. This see was the mother diocese of the greater part of southwestern England in Saxon times, but after the Norman Conquest was incorporated into the new Diocese of Salisbury. The title Bishop of Sherborne is now used by the Church of England for a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Salisbury. In 1925, the title", "id": "4184192" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\nthe episcopal see to the Archdiocese of Indianapolis and established two new suffragan diocese in Indiana: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. On 14 March 1970 Pope Paul VI raised the status of St. Francis Xavier Cathedral to a basilica. The present Greek Revival-style basilica dates from 1826, making it the oldest Catholic church in Indiana. It was built on or near the site of two earlier churches. The first chapel, a crude structure measuring 22 feet by 66 feet, with log posts, mud daub,", "id": "1660118" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Caserta\n\n\nThe Diocese of Caserta () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Campania, southern Italy. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Naples. In 1818 Pope Pius VII united this see with the diocese of Caiazzo, but Pope Pius IX made them separate sees. In 2013 in the diocese of Caserta there was one priest for every 1,703 Catholics. It is not known when Caserta became an episcopal see. The first-known bishop was Ranulfo whose election in 1113 was confirmed by Senne, Archbishop of Capua. \"Erected", "id": "16395150" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia\n\n\nThe Italian Catholic Diocese of Pescia () is in Tuscany. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Pisa. In 1519 Pope Leo X withdrew Pescia from the archdiocese of Lucca, raising it to the dignity of a prelacy nullius; and in 1726 it was made a diocese, suffragan of Pisa. Its first bishop was Bartolommeo Pucci (1728). Others were Francesco Vicenti (1773–1801), and Giulio Serafini. On 25 November 2015, Pope Francis appointed as the new Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia,", "id": "15933634" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur\n\n\nLumpur was dedicated to St John the evangelist in 1883, and would be later known as St. John's Cathedral, the Mother Church of Kuala Lumpur. In 1955, the Diocese of Malacca became a Metropolitan Archdiocese, with the newly formed Diocese of Penang and Diocese of Kuala Lumpur as its suffragan sees. Bishop Dominic Vendargon was appointed as the first Bishop of Kuala Lumpur, and was ordained in the same year. In 1972, the Diocese of Kuala Lumpur was elevated into an Archdiocese, with the suffragan dioceses of Penang and", "id": "14666462" }, { "contents": "WESTconsin Credit Union\n\n\nanyone who lives or works in the Wisconsin counties of Barron, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Dunn, Eau Claire, Jackson, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau or Washburn, or the Minnesota counties of Anoka, Chisago, Dakota, Goodhue, Isanti, Ramsey, Wabasha, and Washington with a $5 deposit in a membership share (savings) account. Presently, \"WEST\"consin Credit Union has five fully operational high school offices that are located in Amery,", "id": "1182556" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zamboanga\n\n\nthe future city of Zamboanga. On January 20, 1933, Pope Pius XI divided Mindanao into two areas. Southern Mindanao including the Sulu Archipelago became under the jurisdiction of Zamboanga. Northern Mindanao became under the Diocese of Cagayan de Oro. In 1951 Cagayan de Oro became an archdiocese, the first in the island of Mindanao. All episcopal jurisdictions in Mindanao and Sulu, including Zamboanga, became suffragans of this archdiocese. The Diocese of Zamboanga was further divided when the Prelature Nullius of Davao was established and separated in 1949; the", "id": "18254813" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiavari\n\n\nThe Diocese of Chiavari () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Liguria, northern Italy. It was created on 3 December 1892 by Pope Leo XIII in the Bull \"Romani Pontifices\". It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Genoa. Chiavari became an episcopal see in 1892, but until 1896 it was administered by Tommaso Reggio, the Archbishop of Genoa, to which diocese it originally belonged, through his Auxiliary Bishop and Vicar General, Fortunato Vinelli, titular bishop of Epiphania (Cilicia, Ottoman Empire). The", "id": "15328930" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of El Paso\n\n\nwest Texas were served by travelling priests in car and horseback. After Pinto's efforts, Catholic parishes began to flourish in El Paso. On 3 March 1914, Pope Pius X established the Diocese of El Paso as a suffragan see of Santa Fe. The diocese covered nearly in West Texas and southern New Mexico and was created from parts of the dioceses of Dallas, San Antonio and Tucson. Jesuit priest Father John J. Brown was appointed bishop of the newly created diocese on 22 January 1915 but resigned before his scheduled consecration.", "id": "18993686" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai (; ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Municipality of Shanghai, China. It was erected on December 13, 1933 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Shanghai by Pope Pius XI, and was later elevated to the rank of a diocese on April 11, 1946 by Pope Pius XII. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Nanking. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is St. Ignatius Cathedral; it also houses a minor basilica in Sheshan", "id": "15983488" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta is a suffragan Latin Church diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1986. The Diocese of Parramatta is an organisation of the Roman Catholic Church, with responsibility for the western suburbs of Sydney and the Blue Mountains, in New South Wales, Australia. St Patrick's Cathedral, Parramatta, is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Parramatta. On 5 May 2016, Pope Francis appointed Vincent Long Van Nguyen OFM Conv to be its fourth bishop. His installation took place on 16 June 2016", "id": "21254601" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Utah\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Utah is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States, encompassing the state of Utah, less that part of the Four Corners region which is in the Navajoland Area Mission. It includes a small part of northern Arizona. In 1867, the Episcopal Church was the first Protestant church organized in Utah. The diocesan offices and cathedral, St. Mark's Cathedral, are in Salt Lake City. The current bishop is Scott B. Hayashi, whose consecration took place on November 6, 2010 and was installed", "id": "17667064" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton is a suffragan see of Archdiocese of Philadelphia, established on March 3, 1868. The seat of the bishop is St. Peter's Cathedral in Scranton, PA. Other cities in the diocese are Wilkes-Barre, Williamsport, Hazleton, Nanticoke, Carbondale, and Pittston. The diocese comprises Lackawanna, Luzerne, Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne, Tioga, Sullivan, Wyoming, Lycoming, Pike, and Monroe counties, all in the northeastern part of Pennsylvania. The area of the diocese is .", "id": "10915059" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the United States. It comprises the territory of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agaña. The diocese was canonically erected on 8 November 1984 by Pope John Paul II. Its territories were taken from the archdiocese based in Guam. The Diocese of Chalan Kanoa is led by a prelate bishop who pastors the mother church, the Our Lady of Mount Carmel Cathedral on Saipan.", "id": "5619001" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Mantua\n\n\nThe Diocese of Mantua () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It was erected in 804, and is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan. The diocese has produced one Pope and (Latin) Patriarch of Constantinople, and two cardinals. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is the Cathedral of S. Pietro Apostolo; Mantua also contains the Basilica of Sant'Andrea. The last Bishop of Mantua iss Gianmarco Busca, appointed by Pope Francis on June 3, 2016. The bishops emeriti are Egidio", "id": "9176744" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kota Kinabalu\n\n\nafter its see. On 31 May 1976 the vicariate was elevated to a full Diocese of Kota Kinabalu, suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kuching. The diocese lost territories twice, to create its present suffragans : On 23 May 2008, the diocese was elevated to Metropolitan Archdiocese, whose ecclesiastical province comprises the above suffragan dioceses, both formerly part of the original territory of the diocese of Kota Kinabalu: the Diocese of Keningau and the Diocese of Sandakan. On 21 June 2010, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Rev.", "id": "11660795" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\nthe diocese in 1850, Pius IX appointed Bishop William Hogarth, Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District, to be the first bishop of the diocese. The Parish Church of Saint Mary, Newcastle upon Tyne, designed by Augustus Welby Pugin, was selected as the seat for the new bishop, gaining cathedral status. In 1924, Pope Pius XI withdrew the old counties of Cumberland and Westmorland to incorporate them into a newly created Diocese of Lancaster. For this reason, the Lancaster diocese still considers St Cuthbert as one of its principal", "id": "6620884" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nof the Diocese of Wisconsin. In 1870, Fond du Lac was the second largest city in Wisconsin. The remaining counties continued as the Diocese of Wisconsin until 1888, when it was renamed the Diocese of Milwaukee. In 1875, after three elections, John Henry Hobart Brown accepted election as first bishop and was consecrated December 15, 1875 at St. John's Episcopal Church, Cohoes, New York. Brown declared the city of Fond du Lac and St. Paul's Church as the episcopal See. The other viable location was Christ", "id": "2071144" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fond du Lac is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, encompassing the northeastern third of Wisconsin. The diocese contains about 5,700 baptized members worshipping in 37 locations. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). Diocesan offices are in Appleton, Wisconsin. The Diocesan Archives are maintained in Grafton Hall behind the Cathedral in Fond du Lac. Matthew Gunter is its bishop. The roots of the Diocese of Fond du Lac begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians, removing from", "id": "2071141" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spiš\n\n\nThe Diocese of Spiš (, ) is a Roman Catholic diocese in northern Slovakia. It covers central and eastern parts of the Žilina Region and western part of the Prešov Region. Its seat is in Spišská Kapitula; the diocese covers an area of 7,802 km² with 583,633 people of which 76.6% are of Catholic faith (2004). The current bishop is Štefan Sečka. The diocese was established on 13 March 1776 as a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Esztergom. In 1804, its metropolitan was changed to the Archdiocese of Eger", "id": "12385676" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Salford\n\n\n-Elizabethan English dioceses of which one of these was the diocese of Salford and went on to take up the reins of part of the former Vicariate Apostolic of the Lancashire District. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but a further development was its assignment under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, to a newly created Province of Liverpool. At the diocese's creation the territory assigned to it was the hundreds of Salford and Blackburn. The diocese currently covers an", "id": "3729210" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering twenty-eight counties in Kansas. Pope Pius XII created the diocese on May 19, 1951. John B. Brungardt was appointed Bishop of Dodge City in December 2010. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City encompasses 23,000-square-miles, and 50 parishes in 28 counties. It was established in 1951 from parts of the Diocese of Wichita, the Diocese of Leavenworth, and the Vicariate Apostolic of the Indian Territory established July 19, 1850. At that", "id": "17635532" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It comprises that part of South Dakota east of the Missouri River. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Paul J. Swain. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Sioux Falls. The cathedral parish is St. Joseph Cathedral. On August 12, 1879 Pope Leo XIII established the Vicariate Apostolic of Dakota from territory taken from the Diocese of", "id": "18993545" } ]

[ { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior () encompasses the city of Superior and the counties of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Lincoln, Oneida, Price, Polk, Rusk, Sawyer, St. Croix, Taylor, Vilas, and Washburn in northern Wisconsin, with an area of . Its episcopal see is Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is its mother church. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The diocese was established on May 3, 1905 by", "id": "9474213" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nPope Pius X. It was created from the northern part of the Diocese of La Crosse and the northwestern part of the Diocese of Green Bay, with Augustine Francis Schinner as the first bishop. Prior to the official founding of the diocese in 1905, there had already been a rich history of Catholicism in the region. Centuries earlier, Catholic missionaries had forged a dynamic presence throughout the Lake Superior region of Wisconsin. The early history of Catholicism in the state of Wisconsin started within the territory that the Diocese of Superior now encompasses,", "id": "9474214" }, { "contents": "List of museums in Wisconsin\n\n\nMarathon, Marquette, Menominee, Milwaukee, Oconto, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan Counties in the north central and northwest area: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Langlade, Lincoln, Oneida, Polk, Price, Rusk, Sawyer, Taylor, Vilas, Washburn South central and southwest area along the Mississippi and Chippewa rivers: Buffalo, Chippewa, Crawford, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Jackson, La Crosse, Pepin, Pierce, St. Croix, Trempealeau, Vernon South", "id": "7014980" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nserved for one year as pastor of St. Hubertus parish at Hubertus, Wisconsin. From 1887 to 1893 he was a member of the faculty of St. Francis Seminary. From 1893 to 1905, he served as chancellor and vicar general of the archdiocese of Milwaukee, appointed by Archbishop Frederick Katzer. The Diocese of Superior was established on May 3, 1905, formed from portions of the Diocese of Green Bay and the Diocese of La Crosse. On May 13, 1905, Pope Pius X appointed Schinner the first Bishop of the newly", "id": "5250913" }, { "contents": "United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin\n\n\nheld at Madison. The district comprises the following counties: Adams, Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Green, Iowa, Iron, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, La Crosse, Lafayette, Lincoln, Marathon, Monroe, Oneida, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Portage, Price, Richland, Rock, Rusk, Sauk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Vilas, Washburn and", "id": "19092884" }, { "contents": "2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin\n\n\na total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark (partial), Douglas, Iron, Langlade (partial), Lincoln, Marathon, Oneida, Polk, Portage, Price, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Washburn and Wood. The district is currently represented by Sean Duffy, a Republican. The PVI of the district is R+8. Duffy is running for reelection. The 8th congressional district includes Green Bay and Appleton. It", "id": "2566179" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nAugustine Francis Schinner (May 1, 1863 – February 7, 1937) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the first Bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin (1905-1913) and first Bishop of the Diocese of Spokane, Washington (1914-1925). Schinner was educated at St. Francis Seminary in Wisconsin, and was ordained to the priesthood on March 7, 1886, by Archbishop Michael Heiss of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee at the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist. He", "id": "5250912" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse\n\n\nthe Workman. The Diocese of La Crosse was established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868, from territory that was taken from what was then the Diocese of Milwaukee. It included the part of Wisconsin lying north and west of the Wisconsin River. Michael Heiss, then head of St. Francis Seminary, Milwaukee, was named the first bishop of the La Crosse episcopal see. On May 3, 1905, the territory of the Dioceses of La Crosse and Green Bay was brought together to form the Diocese of Superior,", "id": "6320305" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nuntil the formation of the Diocese of Lacrosse, and the Diocese of Green Bay, which then served the northern region. Finally, in 1905, the Diocese of Superior was created by Pope Pius X, encompassing 16 counties in northern Wisconsin. The oldest Catholic congregation in the state of Wisconsin (in continuous operation to the present-day) is within the Diocese of Superior. On July 27, 1836, Fr. Frederic Baraga arrived at La Pointe, and immediately set to work, building a log church. Fr.", "id": "9474218" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane\n\n\n, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese. The episcopal see was subsequently moved to Seattle, and the diocese was renamed the Diocese of Seattle in 1907. With a growing population in Spokane and other areas of Eastern Washington, church leadership in Seattle realized that a new diocese needed to be formed, and the Diocese of Spokane was canonically erected by Pope Pius X on December 17, 1913. The diocese's first bishop was Augustine Francis Schinner, the bishop emeritus of the Diocese of", "id": "6861839" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 25\n\n\nThe 25th District of the Wisconsin Senate is located in far north-western Wisconsin, and is currently composed of part or all of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Price, Sawyer, Vilas and Washburn counties. The district area is a mostly rural, and covers more land and more counties than any other district in Wisconsin. Janet Bewley is the senator serving the 25th district. She was elected to a four-year term in 2014. Before serving as a senator, she held an office", "id": "19471671" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nBaraga, like the Jesuit missionaries before him, had success evangelizing the native people. His congregation at La Pointe grew, and also included many early European immigrants, primarily French Fur Traders. In 1838, Fr. Baraga built a larger church at La Pointe, on the spot of the present-day location of \"St. Joseph's Catholic Church\". The first Bishop to serve the Diocese of Superior was Augustine Francis Schinner, who was consecrated as Bishop on July 25, 1905. Bishop Schinner faced many challenges, as", "id": "9474219" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\ncreated diocese. He was ordained a bishop on July 25, 1905. Traveling by train with an entourage of over 60 priests from Milwaukee, he arrived at Ashland, Wisconsin, traveled to the Apostle Islands on a short boat tour, and then continued on to Superior. There were 39 diocesan priests, 17 religious order priests serving 38,861 Catholics in 43 parishes with resident pastors, and 50 missions and 33 stations. For Catholic schools, there was 1 high school, 16 elementary and 2 boarding schools with a total enrollment of", "id": "5250914" }, { "contents": "Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway\n\n\nthe Mississippi River, it lies within parts of eight counties in Wisconsin: Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Pierce, Polk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn; and three in Minnesota: Chisago, Pine, and Washington. The upper St. Croix is a nationally renowned smallmouth bass fishery. Other fish species present in the riverway include walleye, northern pike, sturgeon, muskellunge, and catfish. The Namekagon River upstream of Hayward, Wisconsin is well known for its brown and brook trout fishing. Besides fishing, the riverway", "id": "10086875" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento\n\n\nmother church of the diocese, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament. Originally a major part of the defunct Grass Valley Diocese (which included several counties in northern California and Nevada), the present-day diocese was established by Pope Leo XIII on May 28, 1886. Today, the See of Sacramento remains a ceremonial suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the Dioceses of Honolulu, Las Vegas, Oakland, Reno, Salt Lake City, San Jose, Santa Rosa and Stockton", "id": "4599392" }, { "contents": "Saint Raphael's Cathedral (Madison, Wisconsin)\n\n\nthe state capitol. In 1853, Father Francis Etchmann began constructing the most recent church building. The cornerstone was laid on May 28, 1854 by Bishop John Henni of the Diocese of Milwaukee. He dedicated the new building because the parish was under his jurisdiction at the time. The spire and bells were added in 1885. On January 9, 1946, Pope Pius XII created the Diocese of Madison for an 11-county area in the southwestern part of the state. Territory was taken from the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and the Diocese of", "id": "1920566" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst in Australia\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst (in Australia) is a Latin Church suffragan diocese of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1865, covering the Central West and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia. The Cathedral of St Michael and St John the Baptist is the episcopal see of the Bishop of Bathurst, presently Michael McKenna. The Diocese of Bathurst was erected by Pope Pius IX on 20 June 1865. Prior to this date, the area was considered within the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Sydney, its present", "id": "21254493" }, { "contents": "Joseph Maria Koudelka\n\n\n29, 1907, Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland and he was ordained on February 25, 1908 with a special ministry to the Slavic community. On June 24, 1911 Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. He was ordained as the first auxiliary bishop of Milwaukee on September 4, 1911. On August 6, 1913, Pope Pius X appointed Koudelka the second bishop of the Diocese of Superior. He was installed at the pro-cathedral of Sacred Heart in", "id": "18330746" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nThe Archdiocese of Milwaukee () is a Roman Catholic archdiocese headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the United States. It encompasses the City of Milwaukee, as well as the counties of Dodge, Fond du Lac, Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Walworth, Washington and Waukesha, all located in Wisconsin. The Archdiocese of Milwaukee is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milwaukee, which includes the suffragan dioceses of Green Bay, La Crosse, Madison, and Superior. , Jerome Edward Listecki is the Archbishop", "id": "9546478" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering nineteen counties in northwestern Ohio. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The See city for the diocese is Toledo. The eighth and current Bishop of Toledo is Daniel Edward Thomas. Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Pius X erected the diocese April 15, 1910, in territory taken from the Diocese of Cleveland. The arms of the See of Toledo are based upon", "id": "6750935" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin's 7th congressional district\n\n\nWisconsin's 7th congressional district is a congressional district of the United States House of Representatives in northwestern and central Wisconsin; it is the largest congressional district in the state geographically, covering 20 counties (in whole or part), for a total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, St. Croix, Chippewa (partial), Clark, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Jackson (partial), Juneau (partial), Langlade, Lincoln, Marathon,", "id": "8780919" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez () is located in the northern Mexican city of the same name, across the Río Grande from El Paso, Texas. It is part of the ecclesiastical province of Chihuahua and is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Chihuahua . The Diocese of Ciudad Juárez was erected by Pope Pius XII on 10 April 1957 from the Diocese of Chihuahua because of the population growth in the northern part of the state of Chihuahua. Pope Pius named Manuel Talamás Camandari as the first bishop, and by 1966", "id": "13992785" }, { "contents": "Superior, Wisconsin\n\n\nSuperior come from the Duluth market: Superior is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Francis Xavier Catholic Church, located in the East End of Superior, has been noted for its architecture. Christ Evangelical Lutheran Church is the only congregation of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod located in Superior. It recently moved from its original location on Belknap Street to a new campus on North 28th Street. Pilgrim Lutheran Church is located", "id": "4103054" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi (\"Dioecesis Uromiensis\") in Uromi, Edo State, Nigeria was created on December 14, 2005, when it was split off from the Archdiocese of Benin City. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Benin City. Its first bishop was Augustine Obiora Akubeze (who was named Archbishop of Benin City in March 2011). The St Anthony of Padua church in Uromi was selected to be its cathedral. The canonical erection of the diocese and the episcopal ordination of the bishop took", "id": "2286692" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the northwestern United States, comprising the northern regions of the state of Alaska. It is led by a bishop who serves as pastor of the mother church, Sacred Heart Cathedral in the City of Fairbanks. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Anchorage. The See of Fairbanks was established from the Prefecture Apostolic of Alaska on July 27, 1894, which was created from the Diocese of Vancouver Island. It was", "id": "7747608" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough () is a suffragan Latin diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kingston, Ontario that includes part of the federal Province of Ontario in inland Canada. Its episcopal see is the Cathedral of Saint Peter-in-Chains in Peterborough, Ontario. On March 10, 2017, the Pope named former Hamilton Auxiliary Bishop Daniel J. Miehm as the new Bishop of Peterborough. Established on 25 January 1874 as Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Canada, on territory split off from the Diocese of Kingston", "id": "5387249" }, { "contents": "Catholic Diocese of Guiratinga\n\n\nThe Diocese of Guiratinga (Dioecesis Guiratingensis) was a former ecclesiastical circumscription of the Catholic Church in Brazil, belonging to the Ecclesiastical Province of Cuiabá and the West II Regional Bishops' Council of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil, being a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cuiabá. The episcopal see is the Cathedral St. John the Baptist in the city of Guiratinga in the state of Mato Grosso. The Prelature Registry Araguaia (Territorialis Praelatura Registrensis or Territorialis Praelatura registration Araguaia) was erected on May 12, 1914 by Pope Pius X", "id": "4926427" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America encompassing the northwestern third of Wisconsin. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). The faith community comprises 20 interdependent congregations, mostly small and rural. The see and diocesan offices are in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, with Christ Church Cathedral as the mother church. Christ Church in La Crosse is the largest church in the diocese. The roots of the Diocese of Eau Claire begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians", "id": "2071071" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Motherwell\n\n\nCumbernauld and the area of Auchinloch) and South Lanarkshire. The diocese, along with the Diocese of Paisley, was erected as a Suffragan See by the Apostolic Constitution \"Maxime interest\" on 25 May 1947. The new See took part of the Archdiocese of Glasgow (becoming its Suffragan See) and part of the Diocese of Galloway. At present the diocese is vacant. The most recent Bishop of Motherwell was the Right Reverend Joseph Devine, whose resignation was accepted by Pope Francis on 30 May 2013. On Tuesday 29 April", "id": "3729293" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 28\n\n\nBayfield), Pepin, Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix Counties. The first Senator from the 28th was William Wilson of Menomonie, who served in the 1857 session (the tenth session of the Wisconsin Legislature). The district has also been represented by: As of the redistricting of 1861, the 28th now consisted of Ashland, Burnett, Dallas (later renamed Barron), Douglas, La Pointe (later renamed Bayfield), Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix counties (it was not changed in the redistricting of", "id": "2063122" }, { "contents": "List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Northern Ireland\n\n\nIn the Roman Catholic Church, the entirety of Northern Ireland is comprehended by the ecclesiastical province of Armagh. The eponymous archdiocese and five of its suffragan dioceses cover the area of Northern Ireland. The diocesan and archdiocesan boundaries are not coterminous with the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Only two dioceses are entirely contained within Northern Ireland: Down and Connor and the Diocese of Dromore. Three dioceses and the Archdiocese of Armagh straddle the border. The Archdiocese and its suffragans are all part of the Episcopal conference of Ireland", "id": "14015256" }, { "contents": "Anglican Bishop of Nottingham\n\n\nThe Anglican Bishop of Nottingham was an episcopal title used by a Church of England suffragan bishop. The title took its name after the county town of Nottingham and was first created under the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534. Until 1837, Nottingham had been part of the Diocese of York, when it then became part of the Diocese of Lincoln. With the creation of the Diocese of Southwell in 1884, Nottingham became part of that diocese, but the then- (and final) bishop remained suffragan to Lincoln. Since 2005, Nottingham gives", "id": "20176138" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell () is an ecclesiastical diocese of the Catholic Church in Scotland. The diocese, which was erected on 25 May 1947 by Pope Pius XII from the Archdiocese of Glasgow, along with the Diocese of Paisley which was erected on the same day, remains one of two suffragan sees under the Archdiocese. On Tuesday 29 April 2014 - the Feast of St Catherine of Siena - Pope Francis appointed Joseph Toal as the fifth Bishop of Motherwell. In 2004, the Catholic population, proportionately the largest in", "id": "16456386" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nnative people, and baptized over 1,000 converts. During this time, the region was being overseen by French Catholic leaders in Quebec, which became a diocese in 1674, encompassing all of North America east of the Mississippi River. In 1791, the region was transferred to the Diocese of Baltimore, which was the first Catholic diocese created in the then-newly formed United States. In 1843, the Diocese of Milwaukee was established, and consisted of the entire state of Wisconsin. Northern Wisconsin remained within the Diocese of Milwaukee,", "id": "9474217" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nEpiscopal Diocese of Milwaukee, originally the Diocese of Wisconsin is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America located in the southern area of Wisconsin. It is in Province V (for the Midwest region). The Rt. Reverend Steven Miller is the bishop. The see city is Milwaukee. Cathedral Church of All Saints, Milwaukee is the mother church. The diocese was formed after Jackson Kemper was named the Episcopal Church's first missionary bishop and oversaw the church's mission to the Northwest Territories from 1835 to", "id": "2071175" }, { "contents": "Joseph G. Pinten\n\n\nvicar general, in 1919 purchased dormitory property of Northern Normal College and donated it to the diocese to use as a church with conditions that it be named after Saint Michael and that the new parish build a school. On November 30, 1921, Pope Benedict XV appointed Pinten the third bishop of the Superior Diocese. He was ordained bishop on May 3, 1922 at St. Peter Cathedral with Archbishop Sebastian Messmer of Milwaukee presiding. The next day an enthronement ceremony was held a Sacred Heart pro-cathedral in Superior. After his", "id": "18330981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kansas City–Saint Joseph\n\n\nXIII established the Diocese of Kansas City, with territories taken from the Archdiocese of St. Louis. Its first bishop was John Joseph Hogan. On July 2, 1956, the diocese incorporated part of the territory of the Diocese of Saint Joseph, which had been established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868. On the same date in 1956 part of the Diocese of Kansas City's territory went to establish the Diocese of Jefferson City and the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau. The diocese received its present name and boundaries", "id": "13839607" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Kerry\n\n\nThe Bishop of Kerry is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kerry, one of the suffragan dioceses of the Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly in Ireland. The Episcopal see changed its name from Ardfert and Aghadoe to Kerry on 20 December 1952. The bishop's seat (Cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church Saint Mary, Killarney. The current bishop is the Most Reverend Raymond Browne who was appointed Bishop of Kerry by Pope Francis on 2 May 2013 and received episcopal consecration at St Mary's Cathedral, Killarney on 21", "id": "20835420" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle\n\n\nas a result by 1850 the Diocese of Walla Walla was abandoned and its merged-in territory administered from Oregon City. On May 31, 1850, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese, with Augustin Blanchet as bishop. In January 1851, Augustin Blanchet dedicated St. James Church near Fort Vancouver as the new diocese's cathedral. A new St. James Cathedral was built in Vancouver, Washington in 1885. In 1903 Bishop Edward O'Dea, realizing that Vancouver was no longer the economic and", "id": "6861805" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nthe head of the new diocese, including the need to recruit priests to serve the growing number of parishes throughout the diocese. By the time Bishop Schinner resigned as the bishop of Superior in 1913, he saw the pool of priests grow from 39 diocesan priests in 1905 to 62 in 1913. Today, there are now 105 parishes within the Diocese of Superior. The following is a list of the Roman Catholic Bishops of the Diocese of Superior and their years of service: The Diocese of Superior has a membership of 73,638 Catholics", "id": "9474220" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Northern California. The diocese comprises Alameda and Contra Costa Counties in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Cathedral of Christ the Light serves as the bishop's seat, replacing the Cathedral of Saint Francis de Sales which was demolished after the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989. Once a part of the Archdiocese of San Francisco, the Diocese of Oakland remains a suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the", "id": "4599275" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\ndioceses which did not formally claim any continuity with the pre-Elizabethan English dioceses were created. The Vicariate Apostolic of the Northern District was duly elevated to diocese status as the Diocese of Hexham. On 23 May 1861 the diocese became the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, it was assigned to the newly created Province of Liverpool. The present diocese covers an area of 7,700 km²", "id": "3501975" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\n1859. He became provisional bishop of Wisconsin from 1847 to 1854 and first bishop of the Diocese of Wisconsin from 1854 to 1870. In 1875, the Diocese of Fond du Lac was created to serve the northeastern 26 counties of the state. The Diocese of Eau Claire, was carved out of the diocese in 1928 for the counties in the northwestern part of Wisconsin. The Diocese of Wisconsin became the Diocese of Milwaukee in 1886. Over the last few years the membership has declined from 15,000 to 11,000. Nashotah House, in", "id": "2071176" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson\n\n\nThe Diocese of Paterson is a diocese of the Roman Rite of the Latin Catholic Church in the United States, which includes three counties in northern New Jersey: Passaic, Morris, and Sussex. The city of Paterson, third-largest in the state of New Jersey, was chosen as the episcopal see, even though the vast majority of diocesan territory lies west of the city. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Newark, and is part of Region III of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. The", "id": "14672461" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay () was established on March 3, 1868, by Pope Pius IX. It covers the city of Green Bay, as well as Brown, Calumet, Door, Florence, Forest, Kewaunee, Langlade, Manitowoc, Marinette, Menominee, Oconto, Outagamie, Shawano, Waupaca, Waushara and Winnebago counties in Wisconsin. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The earliest trace of the Catholic faith in the Green Bay area was in 1634. Jesuits followed Jean Nicolet to", "id": "9417148" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering the parishes of northern Louisiana, and a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. Its bishop is part of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and belongs to Conference Region V (which includes Alabama, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee). Its mother church is the Cathedral of Saint John Berchmans, in Shreveport. The Diocese of Shreveport was canonically erected on June 16, 1986 when Pope John Paul II split the former Diocese of", "id": "18926928" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids () is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in western Michigan, in the United States. It comprises 102 churches in 11 counties in West Michigan. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Detroit. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of Saint Andrew. On April 18, 2013, Pope Francis accepted Bishop Walter A. Hurley's resignation and appointed the Rev. David J. Walkowiak to be the twelfth Bishop of Grand Rapids. The diocese was created from territory taken from", "id": "221824" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Suacia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Svač (, , ) was a bishopric with see in the town of Svač (Latinized as Suacia), which is today the village lying to the east of Ulcinj in Montenegro that is called in Serbian Шас, in Croat Šas and in Albanian Shas. The area was part of the late Roman province of Dalmatia Superior, and the Catholic Church, which includes the diocese in its list of Latin titular sees, accordingly treats it as a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Doclea. The diocese of Svač (", "id": "4011385" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck () is a Roman Catholic diocese in North Dakota. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop David Kagan. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Bismarck. The Cathedral parish of the diocese is Cathedral of the Holy Spirit. On December 31, 1909 Saint Pius X established the Diocese of Bismarck. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Fargo. The list of bishops of the diocese and their terms of service", "id": "18993019" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fiesole\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fiesole () is a Roman Catholic diocese in Tuscany, central Italy, whose episcopal see is the city of Fiesole. Fiesole was directly subject to the pope until 1420, when the archdiocese of Florence was created and Fiesole was made one of its suffragan bishops. It is still a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Florence. According to local legend the Gospel was first preached at Fiesole by Messius Romulus, said to have been a disciple of St. Peter. Documentary evidence, however, is from the 9th and", "id": "3288239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangalore\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Bangalore () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in India. It was erected as the Diocese of Bangalore on 13 February 1940 by Pope Pius XII, and elevated to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese on 19 September 1953, with the suffragan sees of Belgaum, Bellary, Chikmagalur, Gulbarga, Karwar, Mangalore, Udupi, Mysore, and Shimoga. The archdiocese's mother church and thus seat of its archbishop is the St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral; Bangalore also houses", "id": "9571833" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City () is a Roman Catholic diocese in western South Dakota, United States. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Robert Dwayne Gruss. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Rapid City. The Cathedral parish is the Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. On August 6, 1902 Saint Pius X established the diocese as the Diocese of Lead. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Sioux Falls. The", "id": "18993239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong is a suffragan Latin Rite diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1951, covering the Illawarra and Southern Highlands regions of New South Wales, Australia. St Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Wollongong is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Wollongong, currently Brian Mascord. On 15 November 1951, Pope Pius XII announced that a new diocese would be created from the two archdioceses of Sydney and Canberra & Goulburn. To be named Wollongong, the diocese was officially established on 11 February 1952.", "id": "21254634" }, { "contents": "Cathedral of Christ the King (Superior, Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Cathedral of Christ the King is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior in Superior, Wisconsin. It was named in honor of Christ the King. The building is located at 1111 Belknap Street in Superior. When the Diocese of Superior was established in 1905 Sacred Heart church, which had been established in the 1880s, was designated the pro-cathedral. Sacred Heart continued in this function until 1926. The cathedral construction project was announced in February 1926 and the groundbreaking occurred on June 23, 1926. Bishop", "id": "2884619" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nsuffragan sees were erected in Indiana and Illinois. In 1843 the Illinois portion of the diocese became the Diocese of Chicago. On 8 January 1857 the northern half of Indiana comprised the Diocese of Fort Wayne. On 28 March 1898 the episcopal diocese was transferred from Vincennes to Indianapolis, and the Diocese of Vincennes became the Diocese of Indianapolis. In 1944 Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese and founded two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The city of Vincennes, the former", "id": "4928244" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary () is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States of America. It was founded on December 17, 1956, by Pope Pius XII. It is one of four suffragan dioceses of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Its ecclesiastic territory includes Lake, Porter, LaPorte, and Starke counties in northwestern Indiana. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of the Holy Angels in Gary, Indiana. During the first half of the 20th century, many Catholic immigrants", "id": "17635414" }, { "contents": "Red Cedar River (Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Red Cedar River in northwestern Wisconsin is a tributary of the Chippewa River. According to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the river flows approximately 100 miles from southwestern Sawyer County to its confluence with the Chippewa southeast of Dunnville in southern Dunn County. It drains portions of eight Wisconsin counties: Barron, Chippewa, Dunn, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn. Important tributaries include the Chetek River and the Hay River. Important settlements along the river's course include Cameron, Rice Lake, Colfax,", "id": "2013455" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\n, he chose Indianapolis, the state capital of Indiana and the largest city in the diocese, as the new seat of the episcopal see. Between 1837 and 1882 seventy-five priests were ordained at St. Francis Xavier, including Michael E. Shawe, the first priest ordained in Indiana. In 1898 the episcopal see was moved to Indianapolis and it became the Diocese of Indianapolis. Bishop Chatard was its first bishop. St. Francis Xavier remained under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Indianapolis from 1898 to 1944, when Pope Pius XII elevated", "id": "1660117" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln () is a Catholic diocese in Nebraska, United States, and comprises the majority of the eastern and central portions of the state south of the Platte River. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Omaha. The episcopal see is in Lincoln, Nebraska. Bishop James D. Conley is the current ordinary of the Diocese. The Cathedral of the Risen Christ is the cathedral parish of the diocese. The diocese was established on August 2, 1887, by Pope Leo XIII from the territory", "id": "18992119" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná () is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Concordia and Gualeguaychú. On 13 June 1859, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of Paraná from the Diocese of Buenos Aires. It lost territory to the Diocese of Santa Fe when it was created in 1897 and the Diocese of Corrientes in 1910. The Diocese of Paraná was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope Pius XI on 20 April 1934. It lost territory two more times when the dioceses of Gualeguaychú (1957) and Concordia (1961", "id": "14584212" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nDiocese of Indianapolis. Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese in 1944, and erected two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The Diocese of Gary, Indiana, was erected in 1956. The Evansville Diocese absorbed the city of Vincennes upon its creation. The first four Bishops of Vincennes resided at the seat of the episcopal diocese in Vincennes. Their remains are buried in the crypt of St. Francis Xavier Basilica, Vincennes. Bishop Chatard, who resided in Indianapolis and also served", "id": "4928227" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kumba\n\n\nThe Diocese of Kumba (Latin: \"Diocesis Kumbana;\" French: \"Diocèse de Kumba\") is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the African country of Cameroon. Headquartered in Kumba, the diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart and its bishop is Agapitus Enuyehnyoh Nfon. The diocese was created on 15 March 2016 by Pope Francis from territory in the Diocese of Buéa, and it is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Bamenda. On 15 March 2016, Pope Francis established the Diocese of Kumba", "id": "4860060" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grass Valley\n\n\nThe Diocese of Grass Valley () now a titular see, was formerly a residential diocese of the Catholic Church located in northeastern California, United States. The diocese also included most of Nevada, and, early in its history, Utah and part of Colorado. The particular church that became the Diocese of Grass Valley was erected in by Pope Pius IX in 1860 as the Vicariate Apostolic of Marysville from territory formerly belonging to the Archdiocese of San Francisco, of which it was a suffragan see. In 1868, the see city", "id": "1681182" }, { "contents": "James Patrick Powers\n\n\nJames Patrick Powers (born February 6, 1953) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church and the eleventh bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin. Powers was born in Baldwin, Wisconsin on February 6, 1953. He graduated from St. Croix Central High School, in Hammond, Wisconsin, and from Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Powers was ordained a priest of the Superior Diocese on May 20, 1990. He served as administrator of the diocese from December 2014 to February 2016,", "id": "11695981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Teggiano-Policastro\n\n\nThe Italian Latin Catholic Diocese of (Diano-)Teggiano-Policastro (), in Campania, has existed since 1850, under its present name since 1986. In that year the Diocese of Diano-Teggiano was united with the diocese of Policastro. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno. Its cathedral episcopal see is the Marian Cattedrale di S. Maria Maggiore e S. Michele Arcangelo, in Teggiano. The current bishop is Antonio De Luca. On 29 September 1850, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of", "id": "18017079" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth is a Latin Church Roman Catholic diocese in England. The episcopal see is in the city of Plymouth, Devon, where the bishop's seat (cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church of St Mary and St Boniface. Erected as the Diocese of Plymouth in 1850 by Pope Pius IX, from the Apostolic Vicariate of the Western District, the diocese has remained jurisdictionally constant since. Since 1965, the diocese has been a suffragan see of the Ecclesiastical Province of Southwark; before then, from", "id": "8307114" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson (, ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the southwestern region of the United States. It is a suffragan see of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santa Fe. The diocese was recently led by its seventh bishop, Most Reverend Gerald Frederick Kicanas, who retired on October 3, 2017. The See city for the diocese is Tucson, Arizona, and its cathedral parish is the St. Augustine. Another church of special interest is the Mission San Xavier del Bac, also", "id": "7747261" }, { "contents": "Diocese of Rochester\n\n\n) were added to Rochester, while all West Kent parishes except those in the Rochester Deanery were transferred to the Diocese of Canterbury. In May 1877, Essex and Hertfordshire became part of the newly created Diocese of St Albans. On 1 August 1877, the Diocese of Rochester gained some northern parts of Surrey from the Diocese of Winchester which were later transferred to the Diocese of Southwark at its creation in 1905. The present diocesan bishop, the Bishop of Rochester, is James Langstaff. The diocese also has a suffragan bishop:", "id": "3447784" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the Ecclesiastical Province of Cincinnati covering 23 counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The episcopal see of the diocese is situated at Columbus. The diocese was erected on March 3, 1868 by Pope Pius IX out of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. On October 21, 1944 the diocese lost territory when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Steubenville. The Catholic faith was brought in the area by the Dominican Order in Somerset. They established St. Joseph's Parish", "id": "6750859" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral (Alexandria, Louisiana)\n\n\n, and the clock was installed in 1908. Because of the newly constructed church and Alexandria's central location, Bishop Cornelius Van de Ven petitioned the Roman Curia to transfer the seat of the diocese from Natchitoches to Alexandria. Pope Pius X created the suffragan Diocese of Alexandria on . St. Francis Xavier Church was elevated to the rank of cathedral of the newly created diocese. The current bishop of Alexandria is Sede Vacante, and the rector of the cathedral is Father James A. Ferguson. The cathedral's rose windows are the largest in", "id": "16556508" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of Ohio. Pope Pius IX erected the diocese April 23, 1847, in territory taken from the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The diocese lost territory in 1910 when Pope Pius X erected the Diocese of Toledo, and in 1943 when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Youngstown. It is currently the 17th-largest diocese in the United States by population, encompassing the counties of Ashland, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Medina,", "id": "6750690" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pavia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Pavia () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It has been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan only since 1817. Previous to the reorganization of the hierarchy in northern Italy by Pope Pius VII after the expulsion of the French and the Congress of Vienna, the diocese of Pavia had depended directly upon the Holy See, despite repeated failed attempts on the part of the Archbishops of Milan to claim control. The diocese has produced one Pope and Patriarch of Venice, and three cardinals. The", "id": "9177548" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza () is an archdiocese located in the city of Fortaleza in Brazil. On June 6, 1854, it was established by Pope Pius IX, as the Diocese of Ceará from the Diocese of Olinda. Formerly a part of the Diocese of Pernambuco, the district was erected into a separate diocese, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Bahia. João Guerino Gomes was named as first bishop but did not accept the appointment. Father Gomes, who was famous in his day both as an orator and as", "id": "5595432" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lansing\n\n\nThe Catholic Diocese of Lansing () is located in Lansing, Michigan. It encompasses an area of including the counties of Clinton, Eaton, Genesee, Hillsdale, Ingham, Jackson, Lenawee, Livingston, Shiawassee and Washtenaw. It is a suffragan diocese of the ecclesiastical province of Detroit. Pope Pius XI created the Diocese of Lansing May 22, 1937 by taking territory from the Archdiocese of Detroit. In July 1971, Pope Paul VI separated territory from the Lansing Diocese and territory from the Diocese of Grand Rapids to form the", "id": "4281991" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza () is in Argentina and is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Neuquén and San Rafael. On 20 April 1934, Pope Pius XI established the Diocese of Mendoza from the Diocese of San Juan de Cuyo. It lost territory to the Diocese of San Rafael when it was created in 1961. At the same time, the Diocese of Mendoza was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope John XXIII on 10 April 1961./small On 5 May 2017, Kosaka Kumiko, a Japanese-Argentinian nun,", "id": "15288343" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City () is the Roman Catholic diocese for the northwestern quarter of the US state of Iowa. The diocese comprises 24 counties in northwestern Iowa, and it covers an area of . The See city for the diocese is Sioux City. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The cathedral parish for this diocese is the Epiphany. R. Walker Nickless was ordained as bishop of Sioux City on 20 January 2006. On 24 July, 1900, Pope Leo XIII issued a papal bull", "id": "394842" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis\n\n\nlater period the church first came into the area with the arrival of missionaries and European settlers. The original see was canonically erected by Pope Pius IX on July 19, 1850 as the Diocese of Saint Paul of Minnesota, a suffragan episcopal see of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis. The Diocese's territory was taken from that of Dubuque, and its authority spread over all of Minnesota Territory, which consisted of the area which now composes the states of Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota and also comprises the modern archdiocese's ecclesiastical", "id": "7457113" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Sherborne\n\n\nThe Bishop of Sherborne is an episcopal title which takes its name from the market town of Sherborne in Dorset, England. The see of Sherborne was established in around 705 by St Aldhelm, the Abbot of Malmesbury. This see was the mother diocese of the greater part of southwestern England in Saxon times, but after the Norman Conquest was incorporated into the new Diocese of Salisbury. The title Bishop of Sherborne is now used by the Church of England for a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Salisbury. In 1925, the title", "id": "4184192" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\nthe episcopal see to the Archdiocese of Indianapolis and established two new suffragan diocese in Indiana: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. On 14 March 1970 Pope Paul VI raised the status of St. Francis Xavier Cathedral to a basilica. The present Greek Revival-style basilica dates from 1826, making it the oldest Catholic church in Indiana. It was built on or near the site of two earlier churches. The first chapel, a crude structure measuring 22 feet by 66 feet, with log posts, mud daub,", "id": "1660118" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Caserta\n\n\nThe Diocese of Caserta () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Campania, southern Italy. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Naples. In 1818 Pope Pius VII united this see with the diocese of Caiazzo, but Pope Pius IX made them separate sees. In 2013 in the diocese of Caserta there was one priest for every 1,703 Catholics. It is not known when Caserta became an episcopal see. The first-known bishop was Ranulfo whose election in 1113 was confirmed by Senne, Archbishop of Capua. \"Erected", "id": "16395150" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia\n\n\nThe Italian Catholic Diocese of Pescia () is in Tuscany. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Pisa. In 1519 Pope Leo X withdrew Pescia from the archdiocese of Lucca, raising it to the dignity of a prelacy nullius; and in 1726 it was made a diocese, suffragan of Pisa. Its first bishop was Bartolommeo Pucci (1728). Others were Francesco Vicenti (1773–1801), and Giulio Serafini. On 25 November 2015, Pope Francis appointed as the new Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia,", "id": "15933634" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur\n\n\nLumpur was dedicated to St John the evangelist in 1883, and would be later known as St. John's Cathedral, the Mother Church of Kuala Lumpur. In 1955, the Diocese of Malacca became a Metropolitan Archdiocese, with the newly formed Diocese of Penang and Diocese of Kuala Lumpur as its suffragan sees. Bishop Dominic Vendargon was appointed as the first Bishop of Kuala Lumpur, and was ordained in the same year. In 1972, the Diocese of Kuala Lumpur was elevated into an Archdiocese, with the suffragan dioceses of Penang and", "id": "14666462" }, { "contents": "WESTconsin Credit Union\n\n\nanyone who lives or works in the Wisconsin counties of Barron, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Dunn, Eau Claire, Jackson, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau or Washburn, or the Minnesota counties of Anoka, Chisago, Dakota, Goodhue, Isanti, Ramsey, Wabasha, and Washington with a $5 deposit in a membership share (savings) account. Presently, \"WEST\"consin Credit Union has five fully operational high school offices that are located in Amery,", "id": "1182556" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zamboanga\n\n\nthe future city of Zamboanga. On January 20, 1933, Pope Pius XI divided Mindanao into two areas. Southern Mindanao including the Sulu Archipelago became under the jurisdiction of Zamboanga. Northern Mindanao became under the Diocese of Cagayan de Oro. In 1951 Cagayan de Oro became an archdiocese, the first in the island of Mindanao. All episcopal jurisdictions in Mindanao and Sulu, including Zamboanga, became suffragans of this archdiocese. The Diocese of Zamboanga was further divided when the Prelature Nullius of Davao was established and separated in 1949; the", "id": "18254813" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiavari\n\n\nThe Diocese of Chiavari () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Liguria, northern Italy. It was created on 3 December 1892 by Pope Leo XIII in the Bull \"Romani Pontifices\". It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Genoa. Chiavari became an episcopal see in 1892, but until 1896 it was administered by Tommaso Reggio, the Archbishop of Genoa, to which diocese it originally belonged, through his Auxiliary Bishop and Vicar General, Fortunato Vinelli, titular bishop of Epiphania (Cilicia, Ottoman Empire). The", "id": "15328930" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of El Paso\n\n\nwest Texas were served by travelling priests in car and horseback. After Pinto's efforts, Catholic parishes began to flourish in El Paso. On 3 March 1914, Pope Pius X established the Diocese of El Paso as a suffragan see of Santa Fe. The diocese covered nearly in West Texas and southern New Mexico and was created from parts of the dioceses of Dallas, San Antonio and Tucson. Jesuit priest Father John J. Brown was appointed bishop of the newly created diocese on 22 January 1915 but resigned before his scheduled consecration.", "id": "18993686" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai (; ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Municipality of Shanghai, China. It was erected on December 13, 1933 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Shanghai by Pope Pius XI, and was later elevated to the rank of a diocese on April 11, 1946 by Pope Pius XII. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Nanking. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is St. Ignatius Cathedral; it also houses a minor basilica in Sheshan", "id": "15983488" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta is a suffragan Latin Church diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1986. The Diocese of Parramatta is an organisation of the Roman Catholic Church, with responsibility for the western suburbs of Sydney and the Blue Mountains, in New South Wales, Australia. St Patrick's Cathedral, Parramatta, is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Parramatta. On 5 May 2016, Pope Francis appointed Vincent Long Van Nguyen OFM Conv to be its fourth bishop. His installation took place on 16 June 2016", "id": "21254601" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Utah\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Utah is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States, encompassing the state of Utah, less that part of the Four Corners region which is in the Navajoland Area Mission. It includes a small part of northern Arizona. In 1867, the Episcopal Church was the first Protestant church organized in Utah. The diocesan offices and cathedral, St. Mark's Cathedral, are in Salt Lake City. The current bishop is Scott B. Hayashi, whose consecration took place on November 6, 2010 and was installed", "id": "17667064" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton is a suffragan see of Archdiocese of Philadelphia, established on March 3, 1868. The seat of the bishop is St. Peter's Cathedral in Scranton, PA. Other cities in the diocese are Wilkes-Barre, Williamsport, Hazleton, Nanticoke, Carbondale, and Pittston. The diocese comprises Lackawanna, Luzerne, Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne, Tioga, Sullivan, Wyoming, Lycoming, Pike, and Monroe counties, all in the northeastern part of Pennsylvania. The area of the diocese is .", "id": "10915059" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the United States. It comprises the territory of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agaña. The diocese was canonically erected on 8 November 1984 by Pope John Paul II. Its territories were taken from the archdiocese based in Guam. The Diocese of Chalan Kanoa is led by a prelate bishop who pastors the mother church, the Our Lady of Mount Carmel Cathedral on Saipan.", "id": "5619001" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Mantua\n\n\nThe Diocese of Mantua () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It was erected in 804, and is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan. The diocese has produced one Pope and (Latin) Patriarch of Constantinople, and two cardinals. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is the Cathedral of S. Pietro Apostolo; Mantua also contains the Basilica of Sant'Andrea. The last Bishop of Mantua iss Gianmarco Busca, appointed by Pope Francis on June 3, 2016. The bishops emeriti are Egidio", "id": "9176744" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kota Kinabalu\n\n\nafter its see. On 31 May 1976 the vicariate was elevated to a full Diocese of Kota Kinabalu, suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kuching. The diocese lost territories twice, to create its present suffragans : On 23 May 2008, the diocese was elevated to Metropolitan Archdiocese, whose ecclesiastical province comprises the above suffragan dioceses, both formerly part of the original territory of the diocese of Kota Kinabalu: the Diocese of Keningau and the Diocese of Sandakan. On 21 June 2010, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Rev.", "id": "11660795" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\nthe diocese in 1850, Pius IX appointed Bishop William Hogarth, Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District, to be the first bishop of the diocese. The Parish Church of Saint Mary, Newcastle upon Tyne, designed by Augustus Welby Pugin, was selected as the seat for the new bishop, gaining cathedral status. In 1924, Pope Pius XI withdrew the old counties of Cumberland and Westmorland to incorporate them into a newly created Diocese of Lancaster. For this reason, the Lancaster diocese still considers St Cuthbert as one of its principal", "id": "6620884" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nof the Diocese of Wisconsin. In 1870, Fond du Lac was the second largest city in Wisconsin. The remaining counties continued as the Diocese of Wisconsin until 1888, when it was renamed the Diocese of Milwaukee. In 1875, after three elections, John Henry Hobart Brown accepted election as first bishop and was consecrated December 15, 1875 at St. John's Episcopal Church, Cohoes, New York. Brown declared the city of Fond du Lac and St. Paul's Church as the episcopal See. The other viable location was Christ", "id": "2071144" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fond du Lac is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, encompassing the northeastern third of Wisconsin. The diocese contains about 5,700 baptized members worshipping in 37 locations. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). Diocesan offices are in Appleton, Wisconsin. The Diocesan Archives are maintained in Grafton Hall behind the Cathedral in Fond du Lac. Matthew Gunter is its bishop. The roots of the Diocese of Fond du Lac begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians, removing from", "id": "2071141" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spiš\n\n\nThe Diocese of Spiš (, ) is a Roman Catholic diocese in northern Slovakia. It covers central and eastern parts of the Žilina Region and western part of the Prešov Region. Its seat is in Spišská Kapitula; the diocese covers an area of 7,802 km² with 583,633 people of which 76.6% are of Catholic faith (2004). The current bishop is Štefan Sečka. The diocese was established on 13 March 1776 as a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Esztergom. In 1804, its metropolitan was changed to the Archdiocese of Eger", "id": "12385676" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Salford\n\n\n-Elizabethan English dioceses of which one of these was the diocese of Salford and went on to take up the reins of part of the former Vicariate Apostolic of the Lancashire District. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but a further development was its assignment under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, to a newly created Province of Liverpool. At the diocese's creation the territory assigned to it was the hundreds of Salford and Blackburn. The diocese currently covers an", "id": "3729210" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering twenty-eight counties in Kansas. Pope Pius XII created the diocese on May 19, 1951. John B. Brungardt was appointed Bishop of Dodge City in December 2010. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City encompasses 23,000-square-miles, and 50 parishes in 28 counties. It was established in 1951 from parts of the Diocese of Wichita, the Diocese of Leavenworth, and the Vicariate Apostolic of the Indian Territory established July 19, 1850. At that", "id": "17635532" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It comprises that part of South Dakota east of the Missouri River. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Paul J. Swain. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Sioux Falls. The cathedral parish is St. Joseph Cathedral. On August 12, 1879 Pope Leo XIII established the Vicariate Apostolic of Dakota from territory taken from the Diocese of", "id": "18993545" } ]

[ { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior () encompasses the city of Superior and the counties of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Lincoln, Oneida, Price, Polk, Rusk, Sawyer, St. Croix, Taylor, Vilas, and Washburn in northern Wisconsin, with an area of . Its episcopal see is Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is its mother church. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The diocese was established on May 3, 1905 by", "id": "9474213" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nPope Pius X. It was created from the northern part of the Diocese of La Crosse and the northwestern part of the Diocese of Green Bay, with Augustine Francis Schinner as the first bishop. Prior to the official founding of the diocese in 1905, there had already been a rich history of Catholicism in the region. Centuries earlier, Catholic missionaries had forged a dynamic presence throughout the Lake Superior region of Wisconsin. The early history of Catholicism in the state of Wisconsin started within the territory that the Diocese of Superior now encompasses,", "id": "9474214" }, { "contents": "List of museums in Wisconsin\n\n\nMarathon, Marquette, Menominee, Milwaukee, Oconto, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan Counties in the north central and northwest area: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Langlade, Lincoln, Oneida, Polk, Price, Rusk, Sawyer, Taylor, Vilas, Washburn South central and southwest area along the Mississippi and Chippewa rivers: Buffalo, Chippewa, Crawford, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Jackson, La Crosse, Pepin, Pierce, St. Croix, Trempealeau, Vernon South", "id": "7014980" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nserved for one year as pastor of St. Hubertus parish at Hubertus, Wisconsin. From 1887 to 1893 he was a member of the faculty of St. Francis Seminary. From 1893 to 1905, he served as chancellor and vicar general of the archdiocese of Milwaukee, appointed by Archbishop Frederick Katzer. The Diocese of Superior was established on May 3, 1905, formed from portions of the Diocese of Green Bay and the Diocese of La Crosse. On May 13, 1905, Pope Pius X appointed Schinner the first Bishop of the newly", "id": "5250913" }, { "contents": "United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin\n\n\nheld at Madison. The district comprises the following counties: Adams, Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Columbia, Crawford, Dane, Douglas, Dunn, Eau Claire, Grant, Green, Iowa, Iron, Jackson, Jefferson, Juneau, La Crosse, Lafayette, Lincoln, Marathon, Monroe, Oneida, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Portage, Price, Richland, Rock, Rusk, Sauk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau, Vernon, Vilas, Washburn and", "id": "19092884" }, { "contents": "2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin\n\n\na total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark (partial), Douglas, Iron, Langlade (partial), Lincoln, Marathon, Oneida, Polk, Portage, Price, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Washburn and Wood. The district is currently represented by Sean Duffy, a Republican. The PVI of the district is R+8. Duffy is running for reelection. The 8th congressional district includes Green Bay and Appleton. It", "id": "2566179" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\nAugustine Francis Schinner (May 1, 1863 – February 7, 1937) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the first Bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin (1905-1913) and first Bishop of the Diocese of Spokane, Washington (1914-1925). Schinner was educated at St. Francis Seminary in Wisconsin, and was ordained to the priesthood on March 7, 1886, by Archbishop Michael Heiss of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee at the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist. He", "id": "5250912" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of La Crosse\n\n\nthe Workman. The Diocese of La Crosse was established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868, from territory that was taken from what was then the Diocese of Milwaukee. It included the part of Wisconsin lying north and west of the Wisconsin River. Michael Heiss, then head of St. Francis Seminary, Milwaukee, was named the first bishop of the La Crosse episcopal see. On May 3, 1905, the territory of the Dioceses of La Crosse and Green Bay was brought together to form the Diocese of Superior,", "id": "6320305" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nuntil the formation of the Diocese of Lacrosse, and the Diocese of Green Bay, which then served the northern region. Finally, in 1905, the Diocese of Superior was created by Pope Pius X, encompassing 16 counties in northern Wisconsin. The oldest Catholic congregation in the state of Wisconsin (in continuous operation to the present-day) is within the Diocese of Superior. On July 27, 1836, Fr. Frederic Baraga arrived at La Pointe, and immediately set to work, building a log church. Fr.", "id": "9474218" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane\n\n\n, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese. The episcopal see was subsequently moved to Seattle, and the diocese was renamed the Diocese of Seattle in 1907. With a growing population in Spokane and other areas of Eastern Washington, church leadership in Seattle realized that a new diocese needed to be formed, and the Diocese of Spokane was canonically erected by Pope Pius X on December 17, 1913. The diocese's first bishop was Augustine Francis Schinner, the bishop emeritus of the Diocese of", "id": "6861839" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 25\n\n\nThe 25th District of the Wisconsin Senate is located in far north-western Wisconsin, and is currently composed of part or all of Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Iron, Price, Sawyer, Vilas and Washburn counties. The district area is a mostly rural, and covers more land and more counties than any other district in Wisconsin. Janet Bewley is the senator serving the 25th district. She was elected to a four-year term in 2014. Before serving as a senator, she held an office", "id": "19471671" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nBaraga, like the Jesuit missionaries before him, had success evangelizing the native people. His congregation at La Pointe grew, and also included many early European immigrants, primarily French Fur Traders. In 1838, Fr. Baraga built a larger church at La Pointe, on the spot of the present-day location of \"St. Joseph's Catholic Church\". The first Bishop to serve the Diocese of Superior was Augustine Francis Schinner, who was consecrated as Bishop on July 25, 1905. Bishop Schinner faced many challenges, as", "id": "9474219" }, { "contents": "Augustine Francis Schinner\n\n\ncreated diocese. He was ordained a bishop on July 25, 1905. Traveling by train with an entourage of over 60 priests from Milwaukee, he arrived at Ashland, Wisconsin, traveled to the Apostle Islands on a short boat tour, and then continued on to Superior. There were 39 diocesan priests, 17 religious order priests serving 38,861 Catholics in 43 parishes with resident pastors, and 50 missions and 33 stations. For Catholic schools, there was 1 high school, 16 elementary and 2 boarding schools with a total enrollment of", "id": "5250914" }, { "contents": "Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway\n\n\nthe Mississippi River, it lies within parts of eight counties in Wisconsin: Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Pierce, Polk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn; and three in Minnesota: Chisago, Pine, and Washington. The upper St. Croix is a nationally renowned smallmouth bass fishery. Other fish species present in the riverway include walleye, northern pike, sturgeon, muskellunge, and catfish. The Namekagon River upstream of Hayward, Wisconsin is well known for its brown and brook trout fishing. Besides fishing, the riverway", "id": "10086875" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento\n\n\nmother church of the diocese, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament. Originally a major part of the defunct Grass Valley Diocese (which included several counties in northern California and Nevada), the present-day diocese was established by Pope Leo XIII on May 28, 1886. Today, the See of Sacramento remains a ceremonial suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the Dioceses of Honolulu, Las Vegas, Oakland, Reno, Salt Lake City, San Jose, Santa Rosa and Stockton", "id": "4599392" }, { "contents": "Saint Raphael's Cathedral (Madison, Wisconsin)\n\n\nthe state capitol. In 1853, Father Francis Etchmann began constructing the most recent church building. The cornerstone was laid on May 28, 1854 by Bishop John Henni of the Diocese of Milwaukee. He dedicated the new building because the parish was under his jurisdiction at the time. The spire and bells were added in 1885. On January 9, 1946, Pope Pius XII created the Diocese of Madison for an 11-county area in the southwestern part of the state. Territory was taken from the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and the Diocese of", "id": "1920566" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst in Australia\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst (in Australia) is a Latin Church suffragan diocese of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1865, covering the Central West and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia. The Cathedral of St Michael and St John the Baptist is the episcopal see of the Bishop of Bathurst, presently Michael McKenna. The Diocese of Bathurst was erected by Pope Pius IX on 20 June 1865. Prior to this date, the area was considered within the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Sydney, its present", "id": "21254493" }, { "contents": "Joseph Maria Koudelka\n\n\n29, 1907, Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland and he was ordained on February 25, 1908 with a special ministry to the Slavic community. On June 24, 1911 Pope Pius X appointed him auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. He was ordained as the first auxiliary bishop of Milwaukee on September 4, 1911. On August 6, 1913, Pope Pius X appointed Koudelka the second bishop of the Diocese of Superior. He was installed at the pro-cathedral of Sacred Heart in", "id": "18330746" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nThe Archdiocese of Milwaukee () is a Roman Catholic archdiocese headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the United States. It encompasses the City of Milwaukee, as well as the counties of Dodge, Fond du Lac, Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Walworth, Washington and Waukesha, all located in Wisconsin. The Archdiocese of Milwaukee is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milwaukee, which includes the suffragan dioceses of Green Bay, La Crosse, Madison, and Superior. , Jerome Edward Listecki is the Archbishop", "id": "9546478" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering nineteen counties in northwestern Ohio. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The See city for the diocese is Toledo. The eighth and current Bishop of Toledo is Daniel Edward Thomas. Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Pius X erected the diocese April 15, 1910, in territory taken from the Diocese of Cleveland. The arms of the See of Toledo are based upon", "id": "6750935" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin's 7th congressional district\n\n\nWisconsin's 7th congressional district is a congressional district of the United States House of Representatives in northwestern and central Wisconsin; it is the largest congressional district in the state geographically, covering 20 counties (in whole or part), for a total of 18,787 sq mi. The district contains the following counties: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, St. Croix, Chippewa (partial), Clark, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Jackson (partial), Juneau (partial), Langlade, Lincoln, Marathon,", "id": "8780919" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Ciudad Juárez () is located in the northern Mexican city of the same name, across the Río Grande from El Paso, Texas. It is part of the ecclesiastical province of Chihuahua and is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Chihuahua . The Diocese of Ciudad Juárez was erected by Pope Pius XII on 10 April 1957 from the Diocese of Chihuahua because of the population growth in the northern part of the state of Chihuahua. Pope Pius named Manuel Talamás Camandari as the first bishop, and by 1966", "id": "13992785" }, { "contents": "Superior, Wisconsin\n\n\nSuperior come from the Duluth market: Superior is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior, and the Cathedral of Christ the King in Superior is the mother church of the diocese. Saint Francis Xavier Catholic Church, located in the East End of Superior, has been noted for its architecture. Christ Evangelical Lutheran Church is the only congregation of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod located in Superior. It recently moved from its original location on Belknap Street to a new campus on North 28th Street. Pilgrim Lutheran Church is located", "id": "4103054" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Uromi (\"Dioecesis Uromiensis\") in Uromi, Edo State, Nigeria was created on December 14, 2005, when it was split off from the Archdiocese of Benin City. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Benin City. Its first bishop was Augustine Obiora Akubeze (who was named Archbishop of Benin City in March 2011). The St Anthony of Padua church in Uromi was selected to be its cathedral. The canonical erection of the diocese and the episcopal ordination of the bishop took", "id": "2286692" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Fairbanks () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the northwestern United States, comprising the northern regions of the state of Alaska. It is led by a bishop who serves as pastor of the mother church, Sacred Heart Cathedral in the City of Fairbanks. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Anchorage. The See of Fairbanks was established from the Prefecture Apostolic of Alaska on July 27, 1894, which was created from the Diocese of Vancouver Island. It was", "id": "7747608" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Peterborough () is a suffragan Latin diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kingston, Ontario that includes part of the federal Province of Ontario in inland Canada. Its episcopal see is the Cathedral of Saint Peter-in-Chains in Peterborough, Ontario. On March 10, 2017, the Pope named former Hamilton Auxiliary Bishop Daniel J. Miehm as the new Bishop of Peterborough. Established on 25 January 1874 as Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Canada, on territory split off from the Diocese of Kingston", "id": "5387249" }, { "contents": "Catholic Diocese of Guiratinga\n\n\nThe Diocese of Guiratinga (Dioecesis Guiratingensis) was a former ecclesiastical circumscription of the Catholic Church in Brazil, belonging to the Ecclesiastical Province of Cuiabá and the West II Regional Bishops' Council of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil, being a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cuiabá. The episcopal see is the Cathedral St. John the Baptist in the city of Guiratinga in the state of Mato Grosso. The Prelature Registry Araguaia (Territorialis Praelatura Registrensis or Territorialis Praelatura registration Araguaia) was erected on May 12, 1914 by Pope Pius X", "id": "4926427" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America encompassing the northwestern third of Wisconsin. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). The faith community comprises 20 interdependent congregations, mostly small and rural. The see and diocesan offices are in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, with Christ Church Cathedral as the mother church. Christ Church in La Crosse is the largest church in the diocese. The roots of the Diocese of Eau Claire begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians", "id": "2071071" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Motherwell\n\n\nCumbernauld and the area of Auchinloch) and South Lanarkshire. The diocese, along with the Diocese of Paisley, was erected as a Suffragan See by the Apostolic Constitution \"Maxime interest\" on 25 May 1947. The new See took part of the Archdiocese of Glasgow (becoming its Suffragan See) and part of the Diocese of Galloway. At present the diocese is vacant. The most recent Bishop of Motherwell was the Right Reverend Joseph Devine, whose resignation was accepted by Pope Francis on 30 May 2013. On Tuesday 29 April", "id": "3729293" }, { "contents": "Wisconsin Senate, District 28\n\n\nBayfield), Pepin, Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix Counties. The first Senator from the 28th was William Wilson of Menomonie, who served in the 1857 session (the tenth session of the Wisconsin Legislature). The district has also been represented by: As of the redistricting of 1861, the 28th now consisted of Ashland, Burnett, Dallas (later renamed Barron), Douglas, La Pointe (later renamed Bayfield), Pierce, Polk, and St. Croix counties (it was not changed in the redistricting of", "id": "2063122" }, { "contents": "List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Northern Ireland\n\n\nIn the Roman Catholic Church, the entirety of Northern Ireland is comprehended by the ecclesiastical province of Armagh. The eponymous archdiocese and five of its suffragan dioceses cover the area of Northern Ireland. The diocesan and archdiocesan boundaries are not coterminous with the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Only two dioceses are entirely contained within Northern Ireland: Down and Connor and the Diocese of Dromore. Three dioceses and the Archdiocese of Armagh straddle the border. The Archdiocese and its suffragans are all part of the Episcopal conference of Ireland", "id": "14015256" }, { "contents": "Anglican Bishop of Nottingham\n\n\nThe Anglican Bishop of Nottingham was an episcopal title used by a Church of England suffragan bishop. The title took its name after the county town of Nottingham and was first created under the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534. Until 1837, Nottingham had been part of the Diocese of York, when it then became part of the Diocese of Lincoln. With the creation of the Diocese of Southwell in 1884, Nottingham became part of that diocese, but the then- (and final) bishop remained suffragan to Lincoln. Since 2005, Nottingham gives", "id": "20176138" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Motherwell () is an ecclesiastical diocese of the Catholic Church in Scotland. The diocese, which was erected on 25 May 1947 by Pope Pius XII from the Archdiocese of Glasgow, along with the Diocese of Paisley which was erected on the same day, remains one of two suffragan sees under the Archdiocese. On Tuesday 29 April 2014 - the Feast of St Catherine of Siena - Pope Francis appointed Joseph Toal as the fifth Bishop of Motherwell. In 2004, the Catholic population, proportionately the largest in", "id": "16456386" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nnative people, and baptized over 1,000 converts. During this time, the region was being overseen by French Catholic leaders in Quebec, which became a diocese in 1674, encompassing all of North America east of the Mississippi River. In 1791, the region was transferred to the Diocese of Baltimore, which was the first Catholic diocese created in the then-newly formed United States. In 1843, the Diocese of Milwaukee was established, and consisted of the entire state of Wisconsin. Northern Wisconsin remained within the Diocese of Milwaukee,", "id": "9474217" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\nEpiscopal Diocese of Milwaukee, originally the Diocese of Wisconsin is the diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America located in the southern area of Wisconsin. It is in Province V (for the Midwest region). The Rt. Reverend Steven Miller is the bishop. The see city is Milwaukee. Cathedral Church of All Saints, Milwaukee is the mother church. The diocese was formed after Jackson Kemper was named the Episcopal Church's first missionary bishop and oversaw the church's mission to the Northwest Territories from 1835 to", "id": "2071175" }, { "contents": "Joseph G. Pinten\n\n\nvicar general, in 1919 purchased dormitory property of Northern Normal College and donated it to the diocese to use as a church with conditions that it be named after Saint Michael and that the new parish build a school. On November 30, 1921, Pope Benedict XV appointed Pinten the third bishop of the Superior Diocese. He was ordained bishop on May 3, 1922 at St. Peter Cathedral with Archbishop Sebastian Messmer of Milwaukee presiding. The next day an enthronement ceremony was held a Sacred Heart pro-cathedral in Superior. After his", "id": "18330981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kansas City–Saint Joseph\n\n\nXIII established the Diocese of Kansas City, with territories taken from the Archdiocese of St. Louis. Its first bishop was John Joseph Hogan. On July 2, 1956, the diocese incorporated part of the territory of the Diocese of Saint Joseph, which had been established by Pope Pius IX on March 3, 1868. On the same date in 1956 part of the Diocese of Kansas City's territory went to establish the Diocese of Jefferson City and the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau. The diocese received its present name and boundaries", "id": "13839607" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Kerry\n\n\nThe Bishop of Kerry is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kerry, one of the suffragan dioceses of the Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly in Ireland. The Episcopal see changed its name from Ardfert and Aghadoe to Kerry on 20 December 1952. The bishop's seat (Cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church Saint Mary, Killarney. The current bishop is the Most Reverend Raymond Browne who was appointed Bishop of Kerry by Pope Francis on 2 May 2013 and received episcopal consecration at St Mary's Cathedral, Killarney on 21", "id": "20835420" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle\n\n\nas a result by 1850 the Diocese of Walla Walla was abandoned and its merged-in territory administered from Oregon City. On May 31, 1850, Pope Pius IX created the Diocese of Nesqually out of the defunct Walla Walla diocese, with Augustin Blanchet as bishop. In January 1851, Augustin Blanchet dedicated St. James Church near Fort Vancouver as the new diocese's cathedral. A new St. James Cathedral was built in Vancouver, Washington in 1885. In 1903 Bishop Edward O'Dea, realizing that Vancouver was no longer the economic and", "id": "6861805" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior\n\n\nthe head of the new diocese, including the need to recruit priests to serve the growing number of parishes throughout the diocese. By the time Bishop Schinner resigned as the bishop of Superior in 1913, he saw the pool of priests grow from 39 diocesan priests in 1905 to 62 in 1913. Today, there are now 105 parishes within the Diocese of Superior. The following is a list of the Roman Catholic Bishops of the Diocese of Superior and their years of service: The Diocese of Superior has a membership of 73,638 Catholics", "id": "9474220" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Northern California. The diocese comprises Alameda and Contra Costa Counties in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Cathedral of Christ the Light serves as the bishop's seat, replacing the Cathedral of Saint Francis de Sales which was demolished after the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989. Once a part of the Archdiocese of San Francisco, the Diocese of Oakland remains a suffragan of the ecclesiastical province of San Francisco. Its fellow suffragans include the", "id": "4599275" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\ndioceses which did not formally claim any continuity with the pre-Elizabethan English dioceses were created. The Vicariate Apostolic of the Northern District was duly elevated to diocese status as the Diocese of Hexham. On 23 May 1861 the diocese became the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, it was assigned to the newly created Province of Liverpool. The present diocese covers an area of 7,700 km²", "id": "3501975" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee\n\n\n1859. He became provisional bishop of Wisconsin from 1847 to 1854 and first bishop of the Diocese of Wisconsin from 1854 to 1870. In 1875, the Diocese of Fond du Lac was created to serve the northeastern 26 counties of the state. The Diocese of Eau Claire, was carved out of the diocese in 1928 for the counties in the northwestern part of Wisconsin. The Diocese of Wisconsin became the Diocese of Milwaukee in 1886. Over the last few years the membership has declined from 15,000 to 11,000. Nashotah House, in", "id": "2071176" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson\n\n\nThe Diocese of Paterson is a diocese of the Roman Rite of the Latin Catholic Church in the United States, which includes three counties in northern New Jersey: Passaic, Morris, and Sussex. The city of Paterson, third-largest in the state of New Jersey, was chosen as the episcopal see, even though the vast majority of diocesan territory lies west of the city. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Newark, and is part of Region III of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. The", "id": "14672461" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay () was established on March 3, 1868, by Pope Pius IX. It covers the city of Green Bay, as well as Brown, Calumet, Door, Florence, Forest, Kewaunee, Langlade, Manitowoc, Marinette, Menominee, Oconto, Outagamie, Shawano, Waupaca, Waushara and Winnebago counties in Wisconsin. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The earliest trace of the Catholic faith in the Green Bay area was in 1634. Jesuits followed Jean Nicolet to", "id": "9417148" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shreveport () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering the parishes of northern Louisiana, and a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. Its bishop is part of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and belongs to Conference Region V (which includes Alabama, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee). Its mother church is the Cathedral of Saint John Berchmans, in Shreveport. The Diocese of Shreveport was canonically erected on June 16, 1986 when Pope John Paul II split the former Diocese of", "id": "18926928" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids () is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in western Michigan, in the United States. It comprises 102 churches in 11 counties in West Michigan. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Detroit. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of Saint Andrew. On April 18, 2013, Pope Francis accepted Bishop Walter A. Hurley's resignation and appointed the Rev. David J. Walkowiak to be the twelfth Bishop of Grand Rapids. The diocese was created from territory taken from", "id": "221824" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Suacia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Svač (, , ) was a bishopric with see in the town of Svač (Latinized as Suacia), which is today the village lying to the east of Ulcinj in Montenegro that is called in Serbian Шас, in Croat Šas and in Albanian Shas. The area was part of the late Roman province of Dalmatia Superior, and the Catholic Church, which includes the diocese in its list of Latin titular sees, accordingly treats it as a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Doclea. The diocese of Svač (", "id": "4011385" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Bismarck () is a Roman Catholic diocese in North Dakota. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop David Kagan. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Bismarck. The Cathedral parish of the diocese is Cathedral of the Holy Spirit. On December 31, 1909 Saint Pius X established the Diocese of Bismarck. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Fargo. The list of bishops of the diocese and their terms of service", "id": "18993019" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Fiesole\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fiesole () is a Roman Catholic diocese in Tuscany, central Italy, whose episcopal see is the city of Fiesole. Fiesole was directly subject to the pope until 1420, when the archdiocese of Florence was created and Fiesole was made one of its suffragan bishops. It is still a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Florence. According to local legend the Gospel was first preached at Fiesole by Messius Romulus, said to have been a disciple of St. Peter. Documentary evidence, however, is from the 9th and", "id": "3288239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangalore\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Bangalore () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in India. It was erected as the Diocese of Bangalore on 13 February 1940 by Pope Pius XII, and elevated to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese on 19 September 1953, with the suffragan sees of Belgaum, Bellary, Chikmagalur, Gulbarga, Karwar, Mangalore, Udupi, Mysore, and Shimoga. The archdiocese's mother church and thus seat of its archbishop is the St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral; Bangalore also houses", "id": "9571833" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Rapid City () is a Roman Catholic diocese in western South Dakota, United States. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Robert Dwayne Gruss. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Rapid City. The Cathedral parish is the Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. On August 6, 1902 Saint Pius X established the diocese as the Diocese of Lead. Its territory was taken from the Diocese of Sioux Falls. The", "id": "18993239" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Wollongong is a suffragan Latin Rite diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1951, covering the Illawarra and Southern Highlands regions of New South Wales, Australia. St Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Wollongong is the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Wollongong, currently Brian Mascord. On 15 November 1951, Pope Pius XII announced that a new diocese would be created from the two archdioceses of Sydney and Canberra & Goulburn. To be named Wollongong, the diocese was officially established on 11 February 1952.", "id": "21254634" }, { "contents": "Cathedral of Christ the King (Superior, Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Cathedral of Christ the King is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Superior in Superior, Wisconsin. It was named in honor of Christ the King. The building is located at 1111 Belknap Street in Superior. When the Diocese of Superior was established in 1905 Sacred Heart church, which had been established in the 1880s, was designated the pro-cathedral. Sacred Heart continued in this function until 1926. The cathedral construction project was announced in February 1926 and the groundbreaking occurred on June 23, 1926. Bishop", "id": "2884619" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nsuffragan sees were erected in Indiana and Illinois. In 1843 the Illinois portion of the diocese became the Diocese of Chicago. On 8 January 1857 the northern half of Indiana comprised the Diocese of Fort Wayne. On 28 March 1898 the episcopal diocese was transferred from Vincennes to Indianapolis, and the Diocese of Vincennes became the Diocese of Indianapolis. In 1944 Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese and founded two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The city of Vincennes, the former", "id": "4928244" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Gary () is a particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States of America. It was founded on December 17, 1956, by Pope Pius XII. It is one of four suffragan dioceses of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Its ecclesiastic territory includes Lake, Porter, LaPorte, and Starke counties in northwestern Indiana. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of the Holy Angels in Gary, Indiana. During the first half of the 20th century, many Catholic immigrants", "id": "17635414" }, { "contents": "Red Cedar River (Wisconsin)\n\n\nThe Red Cedar River in northwestern Wisconsin is a tributary of the Chippewa River. According to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the river flows approximately 100 miles from southwestern Sawyer County to its confluence with the Chippewa southeast of Dunnville in southern Dunn County. It drains portions of eight Wisconsin counties: Barron, Chippewa, Dunn, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, and Washburn. Important tributaries include the Chetek River and the Hay River. Important settlements along the river's course include Cameron, Rice Lake, Colfax,", "id": "2013455" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\n, he chose Indianapolis, the state capital of Indiana and the largest city in the diocese, as the new seat of the episcopal see. Between 1837 and 1882 seventy-five priests were ordained at St. Francis Xavier, including Michael E. Shawe, the first priest ordained in Indiana. In 1898 the episcopal see was moved to Indianapolis and it became the Diocese of Indianapolis. Bishop Chatard was its first bishop. St. Francis Xavier remained under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Indianapolis from 1898 to 1944, when Pope Pius XII elevated", "id": "1660117" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Lincoln () is a Catholic diocese in Nebraska, United States, and comprises the majority of the eastern and central portions of the state south of the Platte River. It is a suffragan see to the Archdiocese of Omaha. The episcopal see is in Lincoln, Nebraska. Bishop James D. Conley is the current ordinary of the Diocese. The Cathedral of the Risen Christ is the cathedral parish of the diocese. The diocese was established on August 2, 1887, by Pope Leo XIII from the territory", "id": "18992119" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná () is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Concordia and Gualeguaychú. On 13 June 1859, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of Paraná from the Diocese of Buenos Aires. It lost territory to the Diocese of Santa Fe when it was created in 1897 and the Diocese of Corrientes in 1910. The Diocese of Paraná was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope Pius XI on 20 April 1934. It lost territory two more times when the dioceses of Gualeguaychú (1957) and Concordia (1961", "id": "14584212" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana\n\n\nDiocese of Indianapolis. Pope Pius XII elevated the Indianapolis diocese to an archdiocese in 1944, and erected two new Indiana dioceses: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. The Diocese of Gary, Indiana, was erected in 1956. The Evansville Diocese absorbed the city of Vincennes upon its creation. The first four Bishops of Vincennes resided at the seat of the episcopal diocese in Vincennes. Their remains are buried in the crypt of St. Francis Xavier Basilica, Vincennes. Bishop Chatard, who resided in Indianapolis and also served", "id": "4928227" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Kumba\n\n\nThe Diocese of Kumba (Latin: \"Diocesis Kumbana;\" French: \"Diocèse de Kumba\") is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the African country of Cameroon. Headquartered in Kumba, the diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart and its bishop is Agapitus Enuyehnyoh Nfon. The diocese was created on 15 March 2016 by Pope Francis from territory in the Diocese of Buéa, and it is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Bamenda. On 15 March 2016, Pope Francis established the Diocese of Kumba", "id": "4860060" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Grass Valley\n\n\nThe Diocese of Grass Valley () now a titular see, was formerly a residential diocese of the Catholic Church located in northeastern California, United States. The diocese also included most of Nevada, and, early in its history, Utah and part of Colorado. The particular church that became the Diocese of Grass Valley was erected in by Pope Pius IX in 1860 as the Vicariate Apostolic of Marysville from territory formerly belonging to the Archdiocese of San Francisco, of which it was a suffragan see. In 1868, the see city", "id": "1681182" }, { "contents": "James Patrick Powers\n\n\nJames Patrick Powers (born February 6, 1953) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church and the eleventh bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin. Powers was born in Baldwin, Wisconsin on February 6, 1953. He graduated from St. Croix Central High School, in Hammond, Wisconsin, and from Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Powers was ordained a priest of the Superior Diocese on May 20, 1990. He served as administrator of the diocese from December 2014 to February 2016,", "id": "11695981" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Teggiano-Policastro\n\n\nThe Italian Latin Catholic Diocese of (Diano-)Teggiano-Policastro (), in Campania, has existed since 1850, under its present name since 1986. In that year the Diocese of Diano-Teggiano was united with the diocese of Policastro. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno. Its cathedral episcopal see is the Marian Cattedrale di S. Maria Maggiore e S. Michele Arcangelo, in Teggiano. The current bishop is Antonio De Luca. On 29 September 1850, Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of", "id": "18017079" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth is a Latin Church Roman Catholic diocese in England. The episcopal see is in the city of Plymouth, Devon, where the bishop's seat (cathedra) is located at the Cathedral Church of St Mary and St Boniface. Erected as the Diocese of Plymouth in 1850 by Pope Pius IX, from the Apostolic Vicariate of the Western District, the diocese has remained jurisdictionally constant since. Since 1965, the diocese has been a suffragan see of the Ecclesiastical Province of Southwark; before then, from", "id": "8307114" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson (, ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the southwestern region of the United States. It is a suffragan see of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santa Fe. The diocese was recently led by its seventh bishop, Most Reverend Gerald Frederick Kicanas, who retired on October 3, 2017. The See city for the diocese is Tucson, Arizona, and its cathedral parish is the St. Augustine. Another church of special interest is the Mission San Xavier del Bac, also", "id": "7747261" }, { "contents": "Diocese of Rochester\n\n\n) were added to Rochester, while all West Kent parishes except those in the Rochester Deanery were transferred to the Diocese of Canterbury. In May 1877, Essex and Hertfordshire became part of the newly created Diocese of St Albans. On 1 August 1877, the Diocese of Rochester gained some northern parts of Surrey from the Diocese of Winchester which were later transferred to the Diocese of Southwark at its creation in 1905. The present diocesan bishop, the Bishop of Rochester, is James Langstaff. The diocese also has a suffragan bishop:", "id": "3447784" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Columbus () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the Ecclesiastical Province of Cincinnati covering 23 counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The episcopal see of the diocese is situated at Columbus. The diocese was erected on March 3, 1868 by Pope Pius IX out of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. On October 21, 1944 the diocese lost territory when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Steubenville. The Catholic faith was brought in the area by the Dominican Order in Somerset. They established St. Joseph's Parish", "id": "6750859" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral (Alexandria, Louisiana)\n\n\n, and the clock was installed in 1908. Because of the newly constructed church and Alexandria's central location, Bishop Cornelius Van de Ven petitioned the Roman Curia to transfer the seat of the diocese from Natchitoches to Alexandria. Pope Pius X created the suffragan Diocese of Alexandria on . St. Francis Xavier Church was elevated to the rank of cathedral of the newly created diocese. The current bishop of Alexandria is Sede Vacante, and the rector of the cathedral is Father James A. Ferguson. The cathedral's rose windows are the largest in", "id": "16556508" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of Ohio. Pope Pius IX erected the diocese April 23, 1847, in territory taken from the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The diocese lost territory in 1910 when Pope Pius X erected the Diocese of Toledo, and in 1943 when Pope Pius XII erected the Diocese of Youngstown. It is currently the 17th-largest diocese in the United States by population, encompassing the counties of Ashland, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, Medina,", "id": "6750690" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pavia\n\n\nThe Diocese of Pavia () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It has been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan only since 1817. Previous to the reorganization of the hierarchy in northern Italy by Pope Pius VII after the expulsion of the French and the Congress of Vienna, the diocese of Pavia had depended directly upon the Holy See, despite repeated failed attempts on the part of the Archbishops of Milan to claim control. The diocese has produced one Pope and Patriarch of Venice, and three cardinals. The", "id": "9177548" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza () is an archdiocese located in the city of Fortaleza in Brazil. On June 6, 1854, it was established by Pope Pius IX, as the Diocese of Ceará from the Diocese of Olinda. Formerly a part of the Diocese of Pernambuco, the district was erected into a separate diocese, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Bahia. João Guerino Gomes was named as first bishop but did not accept the appointment. Father Gomes, who was famous in his day both as an orator and as", "id": "5595432" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Lansing\n\n\nThe Catholic Diocese of Lansing () is located in Lansing, Michigan. It encompasses an area of including the counties of Clinton, Eaton, Genesee, Hillsdale, Ingham, Jackson, Lenawee, Livingston, Shiawassee and Washtenaw. It is a suffragan diocese of the ecclesiastical province of Detroit. Pope Pius XI created the Diocese of Lansing May 22, 1937 by taking territory from the Archdiocese of Detroit. In July 1971, Pope Paul VI separated territory from the Lansing Diocese and territory from the Diocese of Grand Rapids to form the", "id": "4281991" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mendoza () is in Argentina and is a metropolitan diocese. Its suffragan sees include Neuquén and San Rafael. On 20 April 1934, Pope Pius XI established the Diocese of Mendoza from the Diocese of San Juan de Cuyo. It lost territory to the Diocese of San Rafael when it was created in 1961. At the same time, the Diocese of Mendoza was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope John XXIII on 10 April 1961./small On 5 May 2017, Kosaka Kumiko, a Japanese-Argentinian nun,", "id": "15288343" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux City () is the Roman Catholic diocese for the northwestern quarter of the US state of Iowa. The diocese comprises 24 counties in northwestern Iowa, and it covers an area of . The See city for the diocese is Sioux City. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The cathedral parish for this diocese is the Epiphany. R. Walker Nickless was ordained as bishop of Sioux City on 20 January 2006. On 24 July, 1900, Pope Leo XIII issued a papal bull", "id": "394842" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis\n\n\nlater period the church first came into the area with the arrival of missionaries and European settlers. The original see was canonically erected by Pope Pius IX on July 19, 1850 as the Diocese of Saint Paul of Minnesota, a suffragan episcopal see of the Archdiocese of Saint Louis. The Diocese's territory was taken from that of Dubuque, and its authority spread over all of Minnesota Territory, which consisted of the area which now composes the states of Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota and also comprises the modern archdiocese's ecclesiastical", "id": "7457113" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Sherborne\n\n\nThe Bishop of Sherborne is an episcopal title which takes its name from the market town of Sherborne in Dorset, England. The see of Sherborne was established in around 705 by St Aldhelm, the Abbot of Malmesbury. This see was the mother diocese of the greater part of southwestern England in Saxon times, but after the Norman Conquest was incorporated into the new Diocese of Salisbury. The title Bishop of Sherborne is now used by the Church of England for a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Salisbury. In 1925, the title", "id": "4184192" }, { "contents": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library\n\n\nthe episcopal see to the Archdiocese of Indianapolis and established two new suffragan diocese in Indiana: the Diocese of Evansville and the Diocese of Lafayette. On 14 March 1970 Pope Paul VI raised the status of St. Francis Xavier Cathedral to a basilica. The present Greek Revival-style basilica dates from 1826, making it the oldest Catholic church in Indiana. It was built on or near the site of two earlier churches. The first chapel, a crude structure measuring 22 feet by 66 feet, with log posts, mud daub,", "id": "1660118" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Caserta\n\n\nThe Diocese of Caserta () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Campania, southern Italy. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Naples. In 1818 Pope Pius VII united this see with the diocese of Caiazzo, but Pope Pius IX made them separate sees. In 2013 in the diocese of Caserta there was one priest for every 1,703 Catholics. It is not known when Caserta became an episcopal see. The first-known bishop was Ranulfo whose election in 1113 was confirmed by Senne, Archbishop of Capua. \"Erected", "id": "16395150" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia\n\n\nThe Italian Catholic Diocese of Pescia () is in Tuscany. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Pisa. In 1519 Pope Leo X withdrew Pescia from the archdiocese of Lucca, raising it to the dignity of a prelacy nullius; and in 1726 it was made a diocese, suffragan of Pisa. Its first bishop was Bartolommeo Pucci (1728). Others were Francesco Vicenti (1773–1801), and Giulio Serafini. On 25 November 2015, Pope Francis appointed as the new Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pescia,", "id": "15933634" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kuala Lumpur\n\n\nLumpur was dedicated to St John the evangelist in 1883, and would be later known as St. John's Cathedral, the Mother Church of Kuala Lumpur. In 1955, the Diocese of Malacca became a Metropolitan Archdiocese, with the newly formed Diocese of Penang and Diocese of Kuala Lumpur as its suffragan sees. Bishop Dominic Vendargon was appointed as the first Bishop of Kuala Lumpur, and was ordained in the same year. In 1972, the Diocese of Kuala Lumpur was elevated into an Archdiocese, with the suffragan dioceses of Penang and", "id": "14666462" }, { "contents": "WESTconsin Credit Union\n\n\nanyone who lives or works in the Wisconsin counties of Barron, Buffalo, Burnett, Chippewa, Clark, Dunn, Eau Claire, Jackson, Pepin, Pierce, Polk, Rusk, St. Croix, Sawyer, Taylor, Trempealeau or Washburn, or the Minnesota counties of Anoka, Chisago, Dakota, Goodhue, Isanti, Ramsey, Wabasha, and Washington with a $5 deposit in a membership share (savings) account. Presently, \"WEST\"consin Credit Union has five fully operational high school offices that are located in Amery,", "id": "1182556" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zamboanga\n\n\nthe future city of Zamboanga. On January 20, 1933, Pope Pius XI divided Mindanao into two areas. Southern Mindanao including the Sulu Archipelago became under the jurisdiction of Zamboanga. Northern Mindanao became under the Diocese of Cagayan de Oro. In 1951 Cagayan de Oro became an archdiocese, the first in the island of Mindanao. All episcopal jurisdictions in Mindanao and Sulu, including Zamboanga, became suffragans of this archdiocese. The Diocese of Zamboanga was further divided when the Prelature Nullius of Davao was established and separated in 1949; the", "id": "18254813" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiavari\n\n\nThe Diocese of Chiavari () is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Liguria, northern Italy. It was created on 3 December 1892 by Pope Leo XIII in the Bull \"Romani Pontifices\". It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Genoa. Chiavari became an episcopal see in 1892, but until 1896 it was administered by Tommaso Reggio, the Archbishop of Genoa, to which diocese it originally belonged, through his Auxiliary Bishop and Vicar General, Fortunato Vinelli, titular bishop of Epiphania (Cilicia, Ottoman Empire). The", "id": "15328930" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of El Paso\n\n\nwest Texas were served by travelling priests in car and horseback. After Pinto's efforts, Catholic parishes began to flourish in El Paso. On 3 March 1914, Pope Pius X established the Diocese of El Paso as a suffragan see of Santa Fe. The diocese covered nearly in West Texas and southern New Mexico and was created from parts of the dioceses of Dallas, San Antonio and Tucson. Jesuit priest Father John J. Brown was appointed bishop of the newly created diocese on 22 January 1915 but resigned before his scheduled consecration.", "id": "18993686" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Shanghai (; ) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Municipality of Shanghai, China. It was erected on December 13, 1933 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Shanghai by Pope Pius XI, and was later elevated to the rank of a diocese on April 11, 1946 by Pope Pius XII. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Nanking. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is St. Ignatius Cathedral; it also houses a minor basilica in Sheshan", "id": "15983488" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Parramatta is a suffragan Latin Church diocese of the Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1986. The Diocese of Parramatta is an organisation of the Roman Catholic Church, with responsibility for the western suburbs of Sydney and the Blue Mountains, in New South Wales, Australia. St Patrick's Cathedral, Parramatta, is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Parramatta. On 5 May 2016, Pope Francis appointed Vincent Long Van Nguyen OFM Conv to be its fourth bishop. His installation took place on 16 June 2016", "id": "21254601" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Utah\n\n\nThe Episcopal Diocese of Utah is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States, encompassing the state of Utah, less that part of the Four Corners region which is in the Navajoland Area Mission. It includes a small part of northern Arizona. In 1867, the Episcopal Church was the first Protestant church organized in Utah. The diocesan offices and cathedral, St. Mark's Cathedral, are in Salt Lake City. The current bishop is Scott B. Hayashi, whose consecration took place on November 6, 2010 and was installed", "id": "17667064" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton is a suffragan see of Archdiocese of Philadelphia, established on March 3, 1868. The seat of the bishop is St. Peter's Cathedral in Scranton, PA. Other cities in the diocese are Wilkes-Barre, Williamsport, Hazleton, Nanticoke, Carbondale, and Pittston. The diocese comprises Lackawanna, Luzerne, Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne, Tioga, Sullivan, Wyoming, Lycoming, Pike, and Monroe counties, all in the northeastern part of Pennsylvania. The area of the diocese is .", "id": "10915059" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Chalan Kanoa () is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the United States. It comprises the territory of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agaña. The diocese was canonically erected on 8 November 1984 by Pope John Paul II. Its territories were taken from the archdiocese based in Guam. The Diocese of Chalan Kanoa is led by a prelate bishop who pastors the mother church, the Our Lady of Mount Carmel Cathedral on Saipan.", "id": "5619001" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Mantua\n\n\nThe Diocese of Mantua () is a see of the Catholic Church in Italy. It was erected in 804, and is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan. The diocese has produced one Pope and (Latin) Patriarch of Constantinople, and two cardinals. The diocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its bishop is the Cathedral of S. Pietro Apostolo; Mantua also contains the Basilica of Sant'Andrea. The last Bishop of Mantua iss Gianmarco Busca, appointed by Pope Francis on June 3, 2016. The bishops emeriti are Egidio", "id": "9176744" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kota Kinabalu\n\n\nafter its see. On 31 May 1976 the vicariate was elevated to a full Diocese of Kota Kinabalu, suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Kuching. The diocese lost territories twice, to create its present suffragans : On 23 May 2008, the diocese was elevated to Metropolitan Archdiocese, whose ecclesiastical province comprises the above suffragan dioceses, both formerly part of the original territory of the diocese of Kota Kinabalu: the Diocese of Keningau and the Diocese of Sandakan. On 21 June 2010, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Rev.", "id": "11660795" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle\n\n\nthe diocese in 1850, Pius IX appointed Bishop William Hogarth, Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District, to be the first bishop of the diocese. The Parish Church of Saint Mary, Newcastle upon Tyne, designed by Augustus Welby Pugin, was selected as the seat for the new bishop, gaining cathedral status. In 1924, Pope Pius XI withdrew the old counties of Cumberland and Westmorland to incorporate them into a newly created Diocese of Lancaster. For this reason, the Lancaster diocese still considers St Cuthbert as one of its principal", "id": "6620884" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nof the Diocese of Wisconsin. In 1870, Fond du Lac was the second largest city in Wisconsin. The remaining counties continued as the Diocese of Wisconsin until 1888, when it was renamed the Diocese of Milwaukee. In 1875, after three elections, John Henry Hobart Brown accepted election as first bishop and was consecrated December 15, 1875 at St. John's Episcopal Church, Cohoes, New York. Brown declared the city of Fond du Lac and St. Paul's Church as the episcopal See. The other viable location was Christ", "id": "2071144" }, { "contents": "Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac\n\n\nThe Diocese of Fond du Lac is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, encompassing the northeastern third of Wisconsin. The diocese contains about 5,700 baptized members worshipping in 37 locations. It is part of Province 5 (the upper Midwest). Diocesan offices are in Appleton, Wisconsin. The Diocesan Archives are maintained in Grafton Hall behind the Cathedral in Fond du Lac. Matthew Gunter is its bishop. The roots of the Diocese of Fond du Lac begin in 1822 when the Oneida Indians, removing from", "id": "2071141" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Spiš\n\n\nThe Diocese of Spiš (, ) is a Roman Catholic diocese in northern Slovakia. It covers central and eastern parts of the Žilina Region and western part of the Prešov Region. Its seat is in Spišská Kapitula; the diocese covers an area of 7,802 km² with 583,633 people of which 76.6% are of Catholic faith (2004). The current bishop is Štefan Sečka. The diocese was established on 13 March 1776 as a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Esztergom. In 1804, its metropolitan was changed to the Archdiocese of Eger", "id": "12385676" }, { "contents": "Bishop of Salford\n\n\n-Elizabethan English dioceses of which one of these was the diocese of Salford and went on to take up the reins of part of the former Vicariate Apostolic of the Lancashire District. In the early period from 1850 the diocese was a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Westminster, but a further development was its assignment under Pope Pius X, on 28 October 1911, to a newly created Province of Liverpool. At the diocese's creation the territory assigned to it was the hundreds of Salford and Blackburn. The diocese currently covers an", "id": "3729210" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City () is a Roman Catholic diocese covering twenty-eight counties in Kansas. Pope Pius XII created the diocese on May 19, 1951. John B. Brungardt was appointed Bishop of Dodge City in December 2010. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City encompasses 23,000-square-miles, and 50 parishes in 28 counties. It was established in 1951 from parts of the Diocese of Wichita, the Diocese of Leavenworth, and the Vicariate Apostolic of the Indian Territory established July 19, 1850. At that", "id": "17635532" }, { "contents": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls\n\n\nThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Sioux Falls () is a Roman Catholic diocese in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It comprises that part of South Dakota east of the Missouri River. The current bishop of the diocese is Bishop Paul J. Swain. It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The See city for the diocese is Sioux Falls. The cathedral parish is St. Joseph Cathedral. On August 12, 1879 Pope Leo XIII established the Vicariate Apostolic of Dakota from territory taken from the Diocese of", "id": "18993545" } ]