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500 | """Little"" North Western Railway" | Midland and LNWR stations were at opposite ends of a viaduct, and passengers had to walk between them. However, by 1862 the LNWR trains ran through to the Midland station. Due to continuing friction between the MR and the LNWR over the Ingleton Branch, the MR resolved to build its own line from Settle to , which opened to passengers on 1 May 1876. This line formed part of the MR's main line from to and on to via the Glasgow and South Western Railway. Thus the NWR line between Skipton and gained main line status. Even today, the line |
501 | """Little"" North Western Railway" | is occasionally used for inter-city diversions. The Furness and Midland Joint Railway built a line from on the NWR to , where there was already a junction between the Furness Railway and the LNWR's Lancaster and Carlisle Railway. The line opened to passengers on 6 June 1867. The Lancaster and Carlisle Railway also built a branch from Hest Bank on its main line to meet the NWR just before Morecambe station, opening on 13 August 1864. However, LNWR passenger trains had their own station, initially at and, from 1886, at . The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway extended its line through |
502 | """Little"" North Western Railway" | to a junction with the NWR at on 1 June 1880. Heysham Harbour was opened by the Midland Railway in 1904, to replace the same company's harbour in Morecambe. A branch line from the NWR line had already opened for contractors on 12 November 1898 but was opened to passengers on 1 September 1904. The new line made a triangular junction with the existing NWR line a very short distance east of the junction with the LNWR line from Hest Bank. The line between Lancaster, Morecambe and Heysham pioneered the use of overhead cables for electrification. Heysham-to-Morecambe was electrified on |
503 | """Little"" North Western Railway" | 13 April 1908, extending to on 1 July and to on 14 September. The system used 6.6 kV at 25 Hz, with the electricity provided by a power station at Heysham, supplied via cables suspended from overhead steel archways. After 11 February 1951, steam trains temporarily took over while the system was upgraded to 6.6 kV at 50 Hz. Full electric service resumed on 17 August 1953. Power was supplied from a new substation at Green Ayre. On a section of track, the overhead arches were replaced by experimental cantilever structures, separate for each of the two tracks. The Ingleton |
504 | """Little"" North Western Railway" | Branch closed to passengers on 30 January 1954, but was still used for goods and occasional excursions until closure on 26 July 1966, after which the tracks were lifted. The Wennington-to-Morecambe section of the line was closed under the Beeching Axe. Passenger traffic ceased on 2 January 1966. However, an alternative Wennington-to-Morecambe connection has been maintained using the former Furness and Midland Joint Railway to and thence the former LNWR Morecambe Branch Line, a route still in use today by the Leeds to Morecambe Line. Goods traffic via the Lune Valley line ceased on 4 June 1967, except for a |
505 | """Little"" North Western Railway" | short single-track spur from the Heysham line towards Lancaster which closed on 31 January 1970, and another single-track spur from Lancaster Castle to a power station which closed on 16 March 1976. Almost all of the route of the dismantled line between Caton and Morecambe has been preserved as a combined cyclepath and footpath, except for a short section near Lancaster city centre. Here the line's Greyhound Bridge over the River Lune was converted for use as a road bridge. The Morecambe-to-Heysham branch closed to passengers on 4 October 1975, but reopened on 11 May 1987 for sailings to the |
506 | """Lockkeeper's"" House" | """Lockkeeper's"" House is a historic building located south of Eldon along the Des Moines River in Davis County, Iowa, United States. Local legend associates this stone house with the Des Moines River Improvement Project, which was conceived to build a lock and dam system along the Des Moines River to make it navigable from the Mississippi River to the Raccoon River at Des Moines. While this is the general location for lock and dam #10, and construction did begin on the complex, there is no evidence that this house was built for the lockkeeper, or that it was even built" |
507 | """Looked Up"" Plus Four" | """Looked Up"" Plus Four is an EP by indie rock band The Like Young, composed of Amanda and Joseph Ziemba, formerly of Wolfie and Busytoby. It was released in 2002 by Kittridge Records. The album was positively reviewed as being catchy and well-written, and was generally seen as a good introduction to the music of The Like Young. A review by Cam Lindsay in Exclaim! called the tracks ""catchy, ear-friendly power pop"" with ""monstrous riffs"". Dave Heaton of PopMatters described the album as a ""quick ride but a fantastic one."" He noted that fans of the Ziembas' previous endeavours would" |
508 | """M"" Is for Malice" | """M"" Is for Malice is the 13th novel in Sue Grafton's ""Alphabet"" series of mystery novels and features Kinsey Millhone, a private eye based in Santa Teresa, California. The novel is set in 1986. In January 1986, Tasha Howard hires her cousin Kinsey Millhone to find an heir of the wealthy Malek family. When patriarch Bader Malek died, everyone assumed his $40 million estate would be split between his sons Donovan, who runs the Malek construction empire, Bennet, a would-be entrepreneur, and Jack, a playboy. However, the will also names the supposedly disinherited second son Guy, the black sheep of" |
509 | """M"" Is for Malice" | the family who left home 18 years ago and has not been seen nor heard of by the family since. His unlikeable brothers do not want him back in their lives, nor want him splitting the inherited millions. Kinsey sympathizes with the story of Guy's exile from his family as she struggles to deal with her own family troubles. With illicit help from Darcy Pascoe, a friend at California Fedelity Insurance, Kinsey tracks Guy to the small town of Marcella near Santa Teresa. After being rescued by local pastor Peter Antle and his wife Winnie, Guy has become a devout |
510 | """M"" Is for Malice" | Christian and turned his life around. Kinsey finds him the nicest of the Malek brothers. Despite Kinsey's warnings, Guy agrees to return to his childhood home. Ugly family scenes ensue. Kinsey's worst fears for Guy are exceeded when he is found brutally bludgeoned to death at the family home. Feeling guilty for his death, Kinsey tries to find his killer. At the same time, Kinsey deals with her own personal problems, including the reappearance of Robert Dietz, a private investigator ex. We also learn that Kinsey's ex-boyfriend Jonah Robb, the investigating officer on Guy's death, is back with his wife |
511 | """M"" Is for Malice" | Camilla, while also pursuing a fling with a police colleague. Eventually Kinsey and Dietz resume their relationship, albeit on a transient basis, and Dietz helps her with the case. Initial physical evidence implicates Jack Malek in Guy's murder, and his attorney, Lonnie Kingman, hires Kinsey to investigate further for Jack's defense. Kinsey believes the crime's motive lies in the past, but can't reconcile Guy's misdemeanors with the character of the man she knew. She decides Guy was a scapegoat for crimes he didn't commit: for example, Guy supposedly swindled widow Mrs Maddison out of a fortune in valuable historical documents |
512 | """M"" Is for Malice" | alongside getting daughter Patti pregnant. Kinsey discovers that Bennet and his university friend Paul Trasatti completed the crime under the name Maxwell Outhwaite, a pseudonym constructed from two adjacent books after the fashion of Conan Edogawa. She also connects the name to the murder to the Maddison family, but since Patty Maddison's mother, her sister Claire and other family have died, this appears to be a frustrating dead end. Dietz discovers that the story of Claire's death has been faked. Meanwhile, Enid reports that Myrna has disappeared from the Malek home in circumstances suggestive of foul play. Kinsey realises that |
513 | """M"" Is for Malice" | Myrna is actually Claire, having bided her time to get revenge on the Malek family and Guy in particular. Claire tries to escape on foot but Kinsey catches her and confronts her with her crime against Guy, the blameless brother. After confessing to destroying the will which disinherited Guy, and confessing to the murder itself, Claire commits suicide. In a post-script, Kinsey explains that Tasha used a note Guy wrote to Kinsey as evidence of testamentary to ensure his share of the Malek millions goes to Peter and Winnie's church. The book ends with Kinsey reconciling her grief at losing |
514 | """Mad"" Mike Whiddett" | "Michael Whiddett, (born 1981) also known as ""Mad Mike"", is a New Zealand drifting racer. He is sponsored by Red Bull. Whiddett has also raced motocross from the age of six and placed second at the New Zealand 1997 Pro junior 85cc Motocross Champs. Whiddett has a strong relationship with Mazda and has been drifting in Mazda engines since he started in 2007 in a Mazda RX-7. His cars have all been named in a similar way including: He also owns a Mazda REPU with a 13B twin rotor engine called PITBUL. Whiddett has competed in Formula Drift in the" |
515 | """Major"" John Buchanan" | """Major"" John Buchanan (born in January 12, 1759) was an American frontiersman and one of the founders of present-day Nashville, Tennessee. He is best known for defending his fort, Buchanan Station, from an attack by several hundred Native American Indians on September 30, 1792. The defense at Buchanan's Station saved early Nashville, which was unprepared after dismissing rumors of an incoming Indian onslaught. On their part, the Indians recoiled, splitting into small parties that caused considerable damage to outlying homesteads but abandoned the major attack on Nashville. Nor was any like invasion attempted again. The defense of Buchanan's Station not" |
516 | """Major"" John Buchanan" | only spared Nashville, but raised the morale of the pioneers at a dark and difficult time, and was frequently recalled in the following decades as a symbol of the courage and determination of the founders of the state of Tennessee. Major Buchanan's roots can be traced to Anselan O Kyan, the son of the King of Ulster Dermond O Kyan of Ireland and the founder of the Buchanan clan. Anselan fled Ireland and landed on the northern coast of Argyll, Scotland near The Lennox north of the present day city of Glasgow, around the year 1016. Anselan assisted Malcolm II |
517 | """Major"" John Buchanan" | of Scotland in repelling his old enemies, the Danes, on two different occasions. Anselan received a grant of land in the north of Scotland, East of Loch Lomond. The Buchanan name bears a unique Coat of Arms and specific war cry granted to Anselan. John Buchanan was the great-grandson of Thomas Buchanan, who left Scotland in 1702 as one of six brothers (John, William, George, Thomas, Samuel, and Alexander) and one sister to resettle in County Donegal, Ireland. Thomas Buchanan and his wife, Jane Trimble, emigrated to America as among the earliest colonists in North America, initially settling in Harrisburg, |
518 | """Major"" John Buchanan" | "Pennsylvania, where Major John Buchanan was born in 1759. Twenty-year-old John Buchanan and his family arrived at the future Nashville during the unusually cold winter of 1779–1780, ahead of James Robertson's founding party according to several historians. After losing his brother Alexander at Ft. Nashborough's 1781 ""Battle of the Bluff,"" Buchanan wrote Nashville's first book, ""John Buchanan's Book of Arithmetic"". After living approximately four years at Fort Nashborough, Buchanan and his family moved a few miles east and established Buchanan’s Station on Mill Creek, at today’s Elm Hill Pike and Massman Drive in Nashville. Around 1786, Buchanan married Margaret Kennedy," |
519 | """Major"" John Buchanan" | "who died after giving birth to their first and only child, John Buchanan II, born on May 15, 1787. His second wife, Sarah Ridley, bore thirteen children: George, Alexander, Elizabeth, Samuel, William, Jane T., James B., Moses R., Sarah V., Charles B., Richard G., Henry R., and Nancy M. As G.R. McGee writes in ""A History of Tennessee from 1663 to 1905"", “[i]n the summer of 1780 the Indians began to kill the settlers and hunters that they found alone or in small parties, and this was kept up all the season. There was no open attacks upon the settlements," |
520 | """Major"" John Buchanan" | "but if a man went out to gather corn, to hunt, to feed his stock, or to visit a neighbor he was in constant danger of being shot by an Indian hidden away in a thicket or canebrake."" On September 30, 1792, during the height of the Cherokee–American wars, approximately twenty defenders at Buchanan's Station held off several hundred Native Americans seeking to destroy all the Cumberland settlements. Buchanan and his compatriots stopped them—without the loss of a single stationer—before they could move on to attack the remainder of area settlements. Nineteenth-century historian J.G.M. Ramsey called this victory ""a feat" |
521 | """Major"" John Buchanan" | "of bravery which has scarcely been surpassed in all the annals of border warfare."" Buchanan's Station was located on Mill Creek and consisted of a few buildings surrounded by a picket stockade and a blockhouse at the front gate overlooking the creek some four miles south of the infant settlement of Nashville. For most of the 19th century, Buchanan's Station was widely remembered as a symbol of the determination that created the State of Tennessee. At the time, Nashville consisted of only about sixty families, and it was isolated in a hostile and threatening wilderness. Communications with the nearest settlements," |
522 | """Major"" John Buchanan" | Knoxville in eastern Tennessee and Natchez further south on the Mississippi, were long and precarious. Although the ultimate responsibility for the area had been transferred from North Carolina to the United States federal government in 1790, neither entity had the will or resources to offer the small outpost effective protection. Ranged against it were Native Americans, understandably aggrieved at the loss of traditional territory, and international powers. Threatened by the rise of the new American republic, Britain and Spain both encouraged Indian confederacies to resist its expansion and create a buffer between it and their own colonial possessions. North of |
523 | """Major"" John Buchanan" | the Ohio, the British saw Indians as an essential part of the defense of Canada, while Baron Carondelet, the governor of Spanish territory south of the 31st parallel and west of the Mississippi, armed the southern Indians and urged them to unite against the Americans. It was time, one Spanish correspondent wrote, to “place an obstacle to the rapid western progress of the Americans and raise a barrier between these enterprising people and the Spanish possessions.” In these circumstances the positions of isolated American pioneer settlements was unenviable, and in 1792 Bledsoe’s and Ziegler’s stations north of Nashville were overrun |
524 | """Major"" John Buchanan" | by parties of Indians smaller than the one that attacked Buchanan’s later in the year. The assault on Buchanan’s Station was not a simple raid, but an attempt to wipe out the Nashville settlements entirely, backed by Spanish arms and supplies secured in Pensacola. Over three hundred Lower Cherokees, Creeks, and Shawnees under the command of a mixed blood Cherokee leader named John Watts, advanced on Nashville from their towns on the lower Tennessee River. Supposing that the outlying station of Buchanan could be disposed of quickly, the Indians attempted a surprise attack at midnight. The station contained only a |
525 | """Major"" John Buchanan" | "handful of defenders, some fifteen men, who manned the port-holes while their women and children—led by Buchanan's wife—molded bullets, reloaded muskets and rifles, and supplied sustenance. During a furious fight, the Indians attempted to storm the palisade and to set fire to the roof of the blockhouse, but they were repelled within two hours. It was during this nighttime ""Battle of Buchanan's Station"" that Buchanan's eighteen-year-old wife, Sarah (""Sally"") Ridley Buchanan, in her ninth month of pregnancy with the first of their thirteen children, earned national fame. She encouraged the men, reassured the women and children, molded much-needed ammunition reportedly" |
526 | """Master Harold""...and the Boys" | """Master Harold""...and the boys is a play by Athol Fugard. Set in 1950, it was first produced at the Yale Repertory Theatre in March 1982 and made its premiere on Broadway on 4 May at the Lyceum Theatre, where it ran for 344 performances. The play takes place in South Africa during apartheid era, and depicts how institutionalized racism, bigotry or hatred can become absorbed by those who live under it. It is said to be a semi-autobiographical play, as Athol Fugard's birth name was Harold and his boyhood was very similar to Hally's, including his father being disabled, and" |
527 | """Master Harold""...and the Boys" | "his mother running a tea shop to support the family. His relationship with his family's servants was also similar to Hally's, as he sometimes considered them his friends, but other times treated them like subservient help, insisting that he be called ""Master Harold"", and once spitting in the face of one he had been close to. The play was initially banned from production in South Africa. It was the first of Fugard's plays to premiere outside of South Africa. The play recounts the long, rainy afternoon that Hally (""Master Harold"") spends with Sam and Willie, two middle-aged African servants of" |
528 | """Master Harold""...and the Boys" | his parents' household, in a tea shop owned by Hally's mother. Sam and Willie have cared for seventeen-year-old Hally his whole life. At the start of the play Sam and Willie are practicing ballroom steps in preparation for a major competition, while maintaining the tea shop. Business is slow due to the rain. Sam is quickly revealed as being the more worldly of the two. When Willie, in broken English, describes his ballroom partner and girlfriend as lacking enthusiasm, Sam correctly diagnoses the problem: Willie beats her if she doesn't know the steps. Hally then arrives home from school, and |
529 | """Master Harold""...and the Boys" | "cheerfully asks if the two are ready for the competition. Sam is the unacknowledged yet de facto mentor to the boy since childhood, and has always treated Hally as his nephew/ward. Sam hopes to skillfully guide Hally through the difficult passage from childhood into manhood. And hopefully thereby, takes up those values and viewpoints of an adult; and a man, that Sam, has over the years lain down; and, that all men try to leave as their legacy of shepherding an adolescent boy into manhood. Willie, for his part, has always played the ""loyal black""; who has always called the" |
530 | """Master Harold""...and the Boys" | "white Afrikaner boy (now young man) ""Master Harold""; As if, as a man of forty-five, he was addressing a superior; even when Hally was six. The conversation between the three moves from Hally's school-work, to an intellectual discussion on ""A Man of Magnitude"", where they mention various historical figures of the time and their contribution to society, to flashbacks of Hally, Sam and Willie when they lived in a Boarding House. Hally warmly remembers the simple act of flying a kite Sam had made for him out of junk; we later learn that Sam made it to cheer Hally up" |
531 | """Master Harold""...and the Boys" | "after he was embarrassed greatly by his father's public and continuing drunkenness. Conversation then turns to Hally's 500-word English composition. The play reaches an emotional apex as the beauty of the ballroom dancing floor (""a world without collisions"") is used as a transcendent metaphor for life. Almost immediately despair returns: Sam had early on mentioned why Hally's mother is not present; the hospital had called about his father, who has been there receiving treatment for complications from a leg he lost in World War II, to discharge him, and she had left to bring him home. However, Hally, indicating that" |
532 | """Master Harold""...and the Boys" | his father had been in considerable pain the previous day, insisted that his father wasn't well enough to be discharged, and that the call must've been about a bad turn, rather than a discharge notice. A call from Hally's mother at the hospital confirms that Hally's father, is manipulating the hospital into discharging him, although he is indeed, not feeling any better than before, so it's still unofficial, and Hally remains hopeful that the discharge won't happen. A second call from Hally's mother later reveals that the discharge is official, and Hally's father is now home. Hally is distraught about |
533 | """Master Harold""...and the Boys" | this news, since his father, who in addition to being crippled, is revealed to be a tyrannical alcoholic, and his being home will make home life unbearable with his drinking, fighting, and need for constant treatment, which includes demeaning tasks of having to massage his stump, and empty chamber pots of urine. Hally vents to his two black friends years of anger, and pain, viciously mocking his father and his condition. But when Sam chastises him for doing so, Hally, although ashamed of himself, turns on him, unleashing vicarious racism, that he learned from his father, creating possibly permanent rifts |
534 | """Master Harold""...and the Boys" | "in his relationship with both Sam and Willie. For the first time, apart from hints throughout the play, Hally begins explicitly to treat Sam and Willie as subservient help rather than as friends or playmates, insisting that Sam call him ""Master Harold"" and spitting on him, among other things. Sam is hurt and angry and both he and Willie are just short of attacking Hally, but they both understand that Hally is really causing himself the most pain. There is a glimmer of hope for reconciliation at the end, when Sam addresses Hally by his nickname again and asks to" |
535 | """Master Harold""...and the Boys" | "start over the next day, harkening back to the simple days of the kite. Hally, horrified about what he's done, is barely able to face Sam, responding without looking up ""It's still raining, Sam. You can't fly kites on rainy days, remember,"" then asks Willie to lock up the tea shop, and walks out into the rain, as Sam mentions that the bench Hally sat on as he flew the kite said ""Whites Only"" but Hally was too excited to notice it, and that he can (figuratively) leave it at any time. The play ends while Sam and Willie console" |
536 | """Master Harold""...and the Boys" | "each other by ballroom dancing together. John Simon, writing for the ""New York"" magazine, was measured in his review: Frank Rich of ""The New York Times"" praised the performance at the original Broadway premiere: The principal casts of notable productions of ""Master Harold... and the Boys"" Ivanek left to make the film ""The Sender"" in 1982, which is why he was replaced by Price. The Afrikaans version was translated by Idil Sheard as ""Master Harold en die Boys"". Fugard adapted the play for a television movie produced in 1985, directed by Michael Lindsay-Hogg with stars, Matthew Broderick, Zakes Mokae, and" |
537 | """Moist"" Paula Henderson" | """Moist"" Paula Henderson is a baritone saxophone player. She is a member of Greg Tate's Burnt Sugar Arkestra. She is performing with Melvin Van Peebles' group Wid Laxative. She has also played with The Roots, Gogol Bordello, Amanda Palmer, and TV On The Radio, with whom she appeared on the David Letterman show. In 2013, Henderson contributed a track with Big Boss to a benefit album to raise funds for Donovan Drayton's release from prison. In 2013 she started playing with Tzar, as well as Anderson Henderson White. She has played with Burnt Sugar, Melvin Van Peebles wid Laxative, Anderson" |
538 | """Moist"" Paula Henderson" | "Henderson White, TZAR, and Reverend Vince Anderson. As of 2015, she is involved in the Burnt Sugar side project 'Rebellum'. Henderson has been touring consistently as part of Nick Waterhouse's live band. Deafen County says of Henderson """"You need to see 'Moist' Paula Henderson on bari sax at least once before you die."""" ""The Georgia Straight"" says of his band The Tarots, """"leading the charge was Paula Henderson, whose green cocktail dress, sparkling emerald shoes, fishnet stockings, and '50s sunglasses were accessorized by a baritone sax the size of a small battleship."""" Waterhouse refers to Henderson as """"his favourite sax" |
539 | """Mr. Rowl""" | """Mr. Rowl"", written by D. K. Broster and published in 1924, is an historical romance novel set in England during the Napoleonic Wars. Captain Raoul des Sablières is a French prisoner of war who is unjustly sent to the Plymouth hulks (Prison ship). He escapes and is befriended by a Royal Navy captain, Hervey Barrington, who helps reunite him with the young Englishwoman he loves, and with his repatriation to France. Monsieur Raoul des Sablières, or ""Mr. Rowl"" as he is known by the 'shop people and such', was wounded and captured at the Battle of Salamanca in 1812. He" |
540 | """Mr. Rowl""" | is on 'parole of honour' in England where he meets and falls in love with the Honourable Miss Juliana Forrest, Lord Fulgrave's daughter. Due to the machinations of Juliana's jealous fiancé, Raoul is considered to have broken his parole and is sent to the prison camp at Norman's Cross. He is persuaded to attempt to escape from the camp, during which a guard is seriously injured and Raoul is unjustly blamed for it. He is therefore sent to a prison ship in Plymouth, from which he escapes disguised as a woman, with the help of money from Juliana. The road |
541 | """Mr. Rowl""" | on which Raoul (disguised as a Spanish lady to account for his accent) is travelling, becomes blocked by a fallen tree and a fellow passenger, Captain Hervey Barrington - currently without a ship and on half-pay - offers his assistance and invites Raoul to spend the night at his nearby house. Here, Hervey's sister Lavinia discovers Raoul's secret and Hervey locks Raoul in the spare bedroom for the night, intending to turning him over to the authorities in the morning. During the night, Raoul escapes from the bedroom window. A few days later, when Hervey is out sailing, he rescues |
542 | """Mr. Rowl""" | a man who has been chased into the sea by some locals. It is Raoul who, half-starved and ill, has also broken his wrist when Hervey's guttering gave way in his escape. Realising Raoul is in no condition to be taken to the local gaol, Hervey lies to the sergeant and declares that Raoul drowned. Raoul recovers from a near-fatal illness and a friendship develops between the effervescent Raoul and the reserved Hervey. To atone for the guilt he feels for Raoul's suffering, Hervey reunites him with Juliana and, learning that Raoul had saved the life of an English officer |
543 | """Mr. Rowl""" | in Spain, Lord Fulgrave becomes involved in arranging Raoul's repatriation to France. Hervey's stalled career as a naval officer is meanwhile rescued by his official report of Raoul's drowning having attracted the attention of the Admiralty - he had simply been forgotten. As with D. K. Broster's most successful novel The Flight of the Heron (1925), and 'The Wounded Name', published 1922, the focus of the novel, despite the female love interest, is the close friendship which develops between two very different men. In each case, the more reserved of the men finds that their relationship with the other supplies |
544 | """N"" Is for Noose" | """N"" Is for Noose is the 14th novel in Sue Grafton's ""Alphabet"" series of mystery novels and features Kinsey Millhone, a private eye based in Santa Teresa, California, although much of this novel's action takes place elsewhere in California. The novel was a ""New York Times"" best-seller. The story takes place mainly in the small-town mountain community of Nota Lake, California (population 2,356, elevation 4,312) where Kinsey has inherited a client called Selma Newquist from her periodic boyfriend Robert Dietz. He is temporarily out of action back home in Carson City, where Kinsey has been taking care of him following" |
545 | """N"" Is for Noose" | knee surgery. Selma's brief is vague: she fears her husband Tom, a sheriff's officer who died of a heart attack a few weeks before, had something on his mind at the time of his death, and she wants Kinsey to find out what it was. With very little to go on, Kinsey finds the residents of the insular community are not forthcoming. She finds Tom was held in high respect, while reactions to Selma range from tolerance for Tom's sake to downright dislike. Tom's colleagues in the sheriff's department, including Tom's partner Rafer LaMott and brother Macon Newquist, close ranks |
546 | """N"" Is for Noose" | around his memory, though their respective wives, as well as Selma's 25-year-old son by her first marriage, Brant, are slightly more friendly and helpful to Millhone, as is CHP officer James Tennyson, who found Tom's body. A frustrating search of Tom's home office reveals nothing more than some doodling and a list of phone numbers, but it seems someone is worried about what Kinsey might find when she is first threatened by a masked driver, and then attacked in her temporary accommodation, the dismal Nota Lake Cabins run by Tom's elder sister Cecilia Boden. Retreating to Santa Teresa to lick |
547 | """N"" Is for Noose" | her wounds (two dislocated fingers and a beaten-up jaw), Kinsey follows up leads from the phone numbers she found in Tom's office, from which she finds Tom was interested in the case of a petty criminal, Alfie Toth, whom he had traced to a hotel in Santa Teresa before Toth died in what might have been a murder or a bizarre suicide. Toth's unusual death has curious similarities to that of a prison associate of his, career-criminal, child-abuser and rapist Pinkie Ritter, who died 5 years earlier but whose body only came to light near Nota Lake shortly before Toth |
548 | """N"" Is for Noose" | was killed. Following up more of Tom's recent phone calls, Kinsey traces local sheriff's department officer Colleen Sellers, who had been in love with Tom, who reluctantly assists with information that Tom was suspicious that someone close to him was responsible for the deaths of both Toth and Ritter. When she also finds out that one of Ritter's daughters, Margaret, worked for Tom at the sheriff's department, Kinsey reluctantly realises she has to return to Nota Lake to wrap up the case. Now enduring open hostility in the town and a sinister atmosphere of danger and unsure who she can |
549 | """N"" Is for Noose" | trust, Kinsey discovers that Rafer's daughter Barrett has had Tom's missing field notes since his death - but they are in code. Belatedly, Kinsey cracks the code and realizes that the threat comes not from one of Tom's colleagues, but his step-son, Brant, who had himself been sexually abused by Ritter, killed him in retaliation and then killed witness Toth later when he found out through Tom's investigation where Toth was. It was the realization that Brant had committed murder, and that Brant had found Toth through him, which was causing Tom's anguish before his death. Despite being unwittingly drugged |
550 | """No Flashlight"": Songs of the Fulfilled Night" | """No Flashlight"": Songs of the Fulfilled Night is the first studio album released by the band Mount Eerie. It comes with a very large album fold out with one side showing a large illustration, and the other filled with extensive footnotes and explanations of the songs, with references, clippings, and photos. The drum tracks from this album were later released separately as ""The Drums from ""No Flashlight"" by Mt. Eerie"", with the band claiming: ""We felt the drums on 'No Flashlight' sounded good enough to listen to by themselves."" All songs by Phil Elverum. All songs by Phil Elverum, except" |
551 | """No Snow, No Show"" for the Eskimo" | """No Snow, No Show"" for the Eskimo is a live album by The Mission released in 1993. It was recorded at two shows (*Wembley Arena, December 2, 1988 and **Manchester Apollo, March 15, 1990) for the BBC and was broadcast live by BBC Radio One. These recordings were compiled by Wayne Hussey and Joe Gibb. In 2008 all tracks, except for #6, #8 and #9, and more from both concerts were released as part of the ""Live at the BBC"" boxset. The Eskimo in the title refers to an early name for the die-hard Mission fans who would follow them" |
552 | """O"" (Flowers of Hell album)" | """O"" is the third studio album from the orchestral rock group The Flowers of Hell. It consists of one song lasting 46 minutes in its stereo mix and 42 minutes in its surround sound mix. The release’s liner notes state that the piece is an exploration of band leader Greg Jarvis’s synesthesia and was conceived as a piece of absolute music (music with no specific subject matter). It consists of rehearsed improvisations performed with-in a 12 part fixed song structure, recorded in one take at the end of a 9000 km tour. In a 2010 interview with Spinner, Jarvis said" |
553 | """O"" (Flowers of Hell album)" | "that ""O"" was also designed to explore music’s unique capabilities as an art form that unfolds over time. The album was produced by Jarvis with recording taking place in Toronto with engineer Jon Drew (Stars, Fucked Up). It was mixed in Manchester by Jarvis and fellow synesthete Tom Knott of The Earlies. """"O"""" was initially released by Optical Sounds on a double sided CD / DVD disc, coupled with a concert film, ""Live At The Music Gallery"". The Flowers Of Hell performed """"O"""" live as a seated 12 piece with Jarvis conducting at Toronto’s Yonge-Dundas Square as the closing act" |
554 | """O"" Is for Outlaw" | """O"" Is for Outlaw is the 15th novel in Sue Grafton's ""Alphabet"" series of mystery novels and features Kinsey Millhone, a private eye based in Santa Teresa, California. The novel’s plot has its roots in the Vietnam War, and features information about Kinsey’s previously unnamed first husband, Mickey, and their brief marriage 14 years before. There is no interaction between them in the story because Mickey is in a coma throughout the novel's action. Kinsey’s curiosity is roused when she receives a call from a man who has bought some of her possessions at an auction of defaulted storage locker" |
555 | """O"" Is for Outlaw" | items. She recognizes the box as stuff which she left in the possession of her former husband, Michael Macgruder – whom she met and married during her time on the Santa Teresa Police Force at the age of 21. She walked out after eight months in 1972. Mickey had asked her to give him a false alibi when he was accused of violence against a recently returned Vietnam veteran Benny Quintero, who later died. Kinsey refused to lie, assuming his guilt, and left him. As well as high school and police academy memories, she finds in the box a letter |
556 | """O"" Is for Outlaw" | written to her 14 years before, shortly after she left Mickey, which never reached her. It is from Dixie Hightower, barmaid at an old haunt from that era called the Honky-Tonk, saying that Mickey was with her the night he was accused of killing Benny. Whilst shocked to find out her husband was cheating, Kinsey realises she did Mickey an injustice thinking he killed Benny and sets out to find out what has happened to him. The trail leads her to Shack, a former colleague of Mickey’s, and to Tim Litenberg, the son of another colleague, who is running the |
557 | """O"" Is for Outlaw" | Honky-Tonk, as well as to Dixie herself, living in new-found luxury with her Vietnam vet husband Eric. Kinsey finds out Mickey had been frequenting the Honky-Tonk and is suspicious of his motives, sensing that he had uncovered some sort of illegal activity. She also contacts Mark Bethel, Mickey’s lawyer on the Quintero manslaughter charge, another veteran now running for political office. Two LAPD officers shock Kinsey with the news that Mickey is in a coma, having been shot with a gun registered to her, a present from Mickey she abandoned along with him. She is disconcerted to find this puts |
558 | """O"" Is for Outlaw" | her high on the suspect list, especially since her assurances that she hasn’t spoken to Mickey in years are belied by a record of a 30-minute call from Mickey’s number to her apartment in recent weeks. Illegally breaking into Mickey’s apartment in search of answers, Kinsey finds a stash of weapons, false IDs, and evidence of a trip Mickey made to Louisville, Kentucky, but her search is interrupted by a biker called Carlin Duffy, looking for Mickey, and who has been a frequent visitor in recent months according to Mickey’s neighbor Wary Beason. Duffy, a habitual criminal, turns out to |
559 | """O"" Is for Outlaw" | be Benny Quintero’s half brother, and like his brother, hails originally from Louisville. Clearly he and Mickey shared an interest in finding the truth about Benny’s death. From Duffy, Kinsey learns that Mickey was interested in Benny’s connections to a young Louisville journalist called Duncan Oaks, who was killed in Vietnam. Benny had Duncan’s press pass and dog tags, which Duffy passed to Mickey, and which Kinsey assumes have been stolen from Mickey’ s apartment, though she later find she has them herself, sewn into a jacket of Mickey’s she took from the apartment as a souvenir. Kinsey follows Mickey’s |
560 | """O"" Is for Outlaw" | trail to Louisville. She discovers that Oaks was injured in Vietnam but disappeared in transit for medical treatment, and also that he was a classmate of Mark Bethel’s wife Laddie. She deduces that Duncan and Laddie had some sort of affair, giving Mark Bethel a motive for Duncan’s disappearance in Vietnam. Back in Santa Teresa, the LAPD detectives reappear and confirm they have traced Bethel’s fingerprints in Mickey’s apartment, searching for the missing press pass, and suspect him of shooting Mickey. They compare notes and conclude that Bethel must have pushed Oaks out of the medical helicopter, witnessed by Benny |
561 | """O"" Is for Outlaw" | Quintero. When Quintero headed for California after the war and presumably tried to blackmail Bethel, Bethel killed him and set Mickey up to take the rap. Years later when Mickey finally uncovered the truth, Bethel shot him, implicating Kinsey. Kinsey is reluctantly persuaded by the detectives to attempt to trap Bethel into a confession, an operation which goes badly wrong, and she ends up a target. However Duffy, now understanding Bethel to be the one responsible for his brother’s death, decapitates Bethel with a digger, saving Kinsey. Meanwhile, Kinsey has uncovered the truth at the Honky-Tonk: it is being used |
562 | """O""-Jung.Ban.Hap." | """O""-Jung.Ban.Hap. (stylized as ""O""-正.反.合.), sometimes referred to as ""O""-Union or just O, is the third Korean studio album (fourth overall) by South Korean pop group TVXQ, released on September 29, 2006 by S.M. Entertainment. In a year when Korean music sales had slumped, it was the highest selling album in South Korea in 2006 and won the group several prominent awards in South Korea. The album stayed charted within the top 50 throughout 2007. By 2014, it sold over 475,000 copies. The album's name """"O""-Jung.Ban.Hap"", literally translated to """"O""-Justice.Opposition.Solution"", is based on Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's theory of thesis, antithesis," |
563 | """O""-Jung.Ban.Hap." | "synthesis. The album's mononymous lead single has lyrics that regard global conflicts with a plea for peace and resistance. The album has a balance of fast tempo songs and ballads. The album was released in 4 different versions and packaging, versions A and B, C and D. Versions A and B promote the title song """"""O""-正.反.合."", while versions C and D promote the fantasy theme of the song ""Balloons"" and contain new songs and a DVD in each. The initial versions of the album with the original track listing was released in CD and cassette formats. For the version D," |
564 | """O""-Jung.Ban.Hap." | "the label company did a unique box packaging, with special deck of cards with members' pictures wearing costumes included with the CD and DVD specials. In Hong Kong and Taiwan, the album was released under the names """"O""-Jing.Fan.Hap."" and """"O""-Zheng.Fan.He."" respectively, while in Japan the name of the album is """"O""-Sei.Han.Go."". The Japanese release does not contain the repackaged versions that are available in the Korean release. The lead single is a fast-tempo fusion of rock, hip hop, and electronic trance. The music video took several days to complete as its footage was shot in several different countries. U-Know Yunho's" |
565 | """O""-Jung.Ban.Hap." | "footage was shot in Japan, Micky Yoochun's and Max Changmin's in Prague, Hero Jaejoong's in Thailand, and Xiah Junsu's in South Korea. The music video showcases intense and unique dance choreography with stylized outfits. In drastic contrast to the lead single, ""Balloons"" (""Pungseon"" in Korean) is a bubbly song that features TVXQ members in animal costumes, made to directly appeal to the younger generation, as well as older generations familiar with the original ""Balloons"" by Five Fingers (an old Korean band). The lyrics talk about innocent childhood dreams and memories and how people tend to forget the importance of those" |
566 | """Ode-to-Napoleon"" hexachord" | "In music, the ""Ode-to-Napoleon"" hexachord (also magic hexachord and hexatonic collection or hexatonic set class) is the hexachord named after its use in the twelve-tone piece ""Ode to Napoleon Buonaparte"" (1942) by Arnold Schoenberg (setting a text by Byron). Containing the pitch-classes 014589 (C, C, E, F, G, A) it is given Forte number 6-20 in Allen Forte's taxonomic system. The primary form of the tone row used in the ""Ode"" allows the triads of G minor, E minor, and B minor to easily appear. The ""Ode-to-Napoleon"" hexachord is the six-member set-class with the highest number of interval classes 3" |
567 | """Ode-to-Napoleon"" hexachord" | "and 4 yet lacks 2s and 6s. 6-20 maps onto itself under transposition three times (@0,4,8) and under inversion three times (@1,4,9) (six degrees of symmetry), allowing only four distinct forms, one form overlapping with another by way of an augmented triad or not at all, and two augmented triads exhaust the set as do six minor and major triads with roots along the augmented triad. Its only five-note subset is 5-21 (0,1,4,5,8), the complement of which is 7-21 (0,1,2,4,5,8,9), the only superset of 6-20. The only more redundant hexachord is 6-35. It is also Ernő Lendvai's ""1:3 Model"" scale" |
568 | """P"" Is for Peril" | """P"" Is for Peril is the 16th novel in the ""Alphabet"" series of mystery novels by Sue Grafton. The novel focuses on the disappearance of Dr. Dowan Purcell, a nursing home administrator and doctor at Pacific Meadows Nursing Home, and features Kinsey Millhone, a private eye based in Santa Teresa, California. The novel is set in 1986. Kinsey Millhone is hired by Fiona, the first wife of Dr. Dowan Purcell to move along the stalled investigation by police of his disappearance. He disappeared nine weeks earlier, on September 12, 1986. The first wife is more concerned than present wife Crystal." |
569 | """P"" Is for Peril" | Fiona, embittered by the breakdown of her marriage, is convinced that Dow has engineered his own disappearance, as she alleges Crystal is having an affair and admits that Dow has gone missing a couple of times before. In support of this, his passport and thirty thousand dollars seem to be missing. In contrast, Crystal, a former stripper Dow met on a trip to Las Vegas, is convinced he is dead. Not impressed either with Fiona's haughty personality or the chances of turning up something on a cold trail, Kinsey accepts the case with misgivings. She soon finds evidence that there |
570 | """P"" Is for Peril" | has been fraudulent Medicare/Medicaid activity at Pacific Meadows, the care home at which Purcell worked as medical director following his retirement from general practice. Opinion varies amongst his former colleagues and associates as to whether Purcell could have been responsible, whether deliberately or through administrative incompetence, but since he is missing, he is certainly a convenient scapegoat for any blame which might be assigned by the ongoing official investigation. Kinsey meets an old acquaintance in the form of Dana Glaser, formerly Dana Jaffe, now married to wealthy businessman Joel Glaser, co-director of the management company which owns Pacific Meadows. By |
571 | """P"" Is for Peril" | coincidence, Kinsey's landlord Henry adds to the evidence of fraud when sorting through the finances of Rosie's recently deceased sister, Klothilde, who had stayed at Pacific Meadows. Kinsey struggles to work out whether Dow has done a runner with some illegal gains, killed himself having realized he was going to be implicated, or was entirely innocent but murdered by the real perpetrator of the fraud. In a sub-plot, Kinsey has decided it is time to leave her current rented office space at Kingman and Ives, and finds her dream office space up for rental by brothers Richard and Tommy Hevener. |
572 | """P"" Is for Peril" | After snapping it up with a big advance rent payment, and starting to date the attractive Tommy, Kinsey receives a shocking visit from one Mariah Talbot, who explains that the Heveners are suspects in the murder of their parents in Texas some years before; given Kinsey's blossoming relationship with Tommy, she is hoping Kinsey will help her entrap the brothers. Kinsey is in a dilemma; ultimately Henry carries out the entrapment himself to protect Kinsey after failing to persuade her to steer clear of it. After a dangerous showdown with the Hevener brothers, in which Richard kills Tommy with Kinsey's |
573 | """P"" Is for Peril" | gun, Kinsey finds out that she was duped by Mariah Talbot; she is really the sister of the Heveners' hired accomplice whom they are also suspected of murdering. Meanwhile, Kinsey has become embroiled in Purcell's complex family, and a search for Crystal's tearaway teen daughter Leila leads to Kinsey's discovery of Dow's car in a lake near Fiona's property. When the car is pulled out, Dow's body is in it. Kinsey has technically done her duty to Fiona, but she still wants to know how and why Dow died. She finds that Leila was behind the missing thirty thousand dollars, |
574 | """Pimpernel"" Smith" | """Pimpernel"" Smith (released in the United States as Mister V) is a 1941 British anti-Nazi thriller, produced and directed by its star Leslie Howard, which updates his role in the 1934 ""The Scarlet Pimpernel"" from Revolutionary France to pre-Second World War Europe. The ""British Film Yearbook for 1945"" described his work as ""one of the most valuable facets of British propaganda"". The film helped to inspire the Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg to mount his real-life rescue operation in Budapest that saved tens of thousands of Hungarian Jews from Nazi concentration camps during the last months of the Second World War." |
575 | """Pimpernel"" Smith" | In the spring of 1939, months before the outbreak of the war, eccentric Cambridge archaeologist Horatio Smith (Leslie Howard) takes a group of British and American archaeology students to Nazi Germany to help in his excavations. His research is supported by the Nazis, since he professes to be looking for evidence of the Aryan origins of German civilisation. However, he has a secret agenda: to free inmates of the concentration camps. During one such daring rescue, he hides disguised as a scarecrow in a field and is inadvertently shot by a German soldier idly engaging in a bit of target |
576 | """Pimpernel"" Smith" | "practice. Wounded, he still manages to free a famous pianist from a work gang. Later, his students guess his secret when they see his injury and connect it to a story about the latter-day Scarlet Pimpernel in a newspaper. They enthusiastically volunteer to assist him. German Gestapo general von Graum (Francis Sullivan) is determined to find out the identity of the ""Pimpernel"" and eliminate him. Von Graum forces Ludmilla Koslowska (Mary Morris) to help him by threatening the life of her father, a leading Polish democrat held prisoner by the Nazis. When Smith finds out, he promises her he will" |
577 | """Pimpernel"" Smith" | free Koslowski. Smith and his students, masquerading as American journalists, visit the camp in which Koslowski is being held. They overpower their escort, put on their uniforms, and leave with Koslowski and some other inmates. By now, von Graum is sure Smith is the man he is after, so he stops the train transporting the professor and various packing crates out of the country. However, when he has the crates opened, he is disappointed to find only ancient artefacts from Smith's excavations. Von Graum still has Ludmilla, so Smith comes back for her. The general catches the couple at a |
578 | """Pimpernel"" Smith" | "border crossing. In return for Ludmilla's freedom, Smith agrees to give himself up. Smith tells Graum that the artefacts he has discovered disprove Nazi claims about the Aryan origins of the Germans. He predicts the Nazis will destroy themselves. In the end, Smith manages to distract his adversary and escape into the fog, but promises to come back. Leslie Howard had been aware of the Nazi menace in Europe and had developed a film treatment in 1938 based on the rescue of an Austrian anti-Nazi leader. With the A.G. Macdonell story of """"Pimpernel"" Smith"" taking the classic ""The Scarlet Pimpernel""" |
579 | """Pimpernel"" Smith" | "novel by Baroness Emmuska Orczy into modern times, Howard took on the project as the first film he directed and co-produced. Production on """"Pimpernel"" Smith"" began in early 1941. Released in the United States as ""Mister V"", the film review in ""The New York Times"" noted: ""It is all absurd derring-do, of course, and it follows a routine pattern. It lacks the headlong course of the top-notch British thrillers. But ""Mister V"" becomes a tense excursion because of Mr. Howard's casual direction, and even more because of the consummate ease and the quiet irony of his performance."" During the Second" |
580 | """Pimpernel"" Smith" | "World War, films shown at Chequers were the only recreational activity available to Winston Churchill, who felt that ""the cinema is a wonderful form of entertainment, and takes the mind away from other things."" """"Pimpernel"" Smith"" was the film which he chose to be shown in the wardroom of the battleship HMS ""Prince of Wales"" on 9 August 1941 to share with the ship's officers, as he travelled across the Atlantic for a secret conference with US President Franklin D. Roosevelt at Argentia in Newfoundland. The film was the third most popular movie at the British box office in 1941." |
581 | """Pimpernel"" Smith" | "When """"Pimpernel"" Smith"" reached Sweden in November 1943, the Swedish Film Censorship Board decided to ban it from public viewing, as it was feared that such a critical portrayal of Nazi Germany could harm Sweden's relationship with Germany and thus jeopardise the country's neutrality in the Second World War. Raoul Wallenberg did, however, manage to see it at a private screening, together with his half-sister, Nina Lagergren. She later recalled that on their way home after the screening, ""he told me this was the kind of thing he would like to do."" Since 1941, Wallenberg had made frequent trips to" |
582 | """Pimpernel"" Smith" | "Hungary, and knew how oppressed the Hungarian Jews were. He travelled as a representative and later joint owner of an export-import company that was trading with central Europe and was owned by a Hungarian Jew. Following the mass deportations that had started in April 1944, Wallenberg was sent to Budapest in August 1944, as First Secretary to the Swedish legation, assigned under secret agreement between the US and Swedish governments to organise a rescue programme for the Jews. By issuing ""protective passports"", which identified the bearer as Swedish, and housing them in 32 buildings that he rented and declared Swedish" |
583 | """Polish death camp"" controversy" | """Polish death camp"" and ""Polish concentration camp"" are misnomers that have been a subject of controversy and legislation. Such terms have been used by news media and by public figures in reference to concentration camps that were built and run during World War II by Nazi Germany in German-occupied Poland. When used in relation to the Jewish Holocaust or to the murder of Poles and other nationalities in German-operated facilities, these expressions have been used to refer to the camps' geographic location in German-occupied Poland. However, the expressions have also allegedly been used to undermine Germany's responsibility for the Holocaust," |
584 | """Polish death camp"" controversy" | "and can be misconstrued as meaning ""death camps set up by Poles"" or ""run by Poland"". Polish officials and organizations, and private citizens in Poland and among the Polish diaspora, have objected to such expressions as criminally misleading. In 2018 the Amendment to the Act on the Institute of National Remembrance was signed into law by Polish President Andrzej Duda. It criminalized false public statements that ascribe to the Polish nation collective responsibility in Holocaust-related crimes, crimes against peace, crimes against humanity, or war crimes or which ""grossly reduce the responsibility of the actual perpetrators"". Exempted from such strictures were" |
585 | """Polish death camp"" controversy" | "scholarly studies, discussions of history, and artistic activities. It was generally understood that the law would have criminalized the use of the expressions ""Polish death camp"" and ""Polish concentration camp"". The legislation was controversial; it led to Israeli-Polish consensus-building, cooperation in re-writing the legislation four months later, and a joint statement condemning both antisemitism and anti-Polish sentiment. During World War II, three million Polish Jews (90% of the prewar Polish-Jewish population) were killed as a result of Nazi German genocidal action. At least 2.5 million non-Jewish Polish civilians and soldiers also perished. One million non-Polish Jews were also forcibly transported" |
586 | """Polish death camp"" controversy" | "by the Nazis and killed in German-occupied Poland. After the German invasion, Poland, in contrast to cases such as Vichy France, experienced direct German administration rather than an indigenous puppet government. The western part of prewar Poland was annexed outright by Germany. Some Poles were expelled from the annexed lands to make room for German settlers. Parts of eastern Poland became part of the Reichskommissariat Ukraine and Reichskommissariat Ostland. The rest of German-occupied Poland, dubbed by Germany the ""General Government"", was administered by Germany as occupied territory. The ""General Government"" received no international recognition. It is estimated that the Germans" |
587 | """Polish death camp"" controversy" | "killed more than 2 million non-Jewish Polish civilians. Nazi German planners called for ""the complete destruction"" of all Poles, and their fate, as well as that of many other Slavs, was outlined in a genocidal ""Generalplan Ost"" (General Plan East). Historians have generally stated that relatively few Poles collaborated with Nazi Germany, in comparison with the situations in other German-occupied countries. The Polish Underground judicially condemned and executed collaborators, and the Polish Government-in-Exile coordinated resistance to the German occupation, including help for Poland's Jews. Some Poles were complicit in, or indifferent to, the rounding up of Jews. There are reports" |
588 | """Polish death camp"" controversy" | "of neighbors turning Jews over to the Germans or blackmailing them (see """"szmalcownik""""). In some cases, Poles themselves killed their Jewish fellow citizens, the most notorious examples being the 1941 Jedwabne pogrom and the 1946 Kielce pogrom, after the war had ended. However, many Poles risked their lives to hide and assist Jews. Poles were sometimes exposed by Jews they were helping, if the Jews were found by the Germans—resulting in the murder of entire Polish rescue networks. The number of Jews hiding with Poles was around 450,000. Possibly a million Poles aided Jews; some estimates run as high as" |
589 | """Polish death camp"" controversy" | "three million helpers. Poles have the world's highest count of individuals who have been recognized by Israel's Yad Vashem as Righteous among the Nations — non-Jews who risked their lives to save Jews from extermination during the Holocaust. Occupied Poland was the only territory where the Germans decreed that any kind of help for Jews was punishable by death for the helper and the helper's entire family. Of the estimated 3 million non-Jewish Poles killed in World War II, up to 50,000 were executed by Germany solely for saving Jews. Defenders argue that the expression ""Polish death camps"" refers strictly" |
590 | """Polish death camp"" controversy" | "to the geographical location of the Nazi death camps and does not indicate involvement by the Polish government in France or, later, in the United Kingdom. Some international politicians and news agencies have apologized for using the term, notably Barack Obama in 2012. CTV Television Network News President Robert Hurst defended CTV's usage (see ) as it ""merely denoted geographic location"", but the Canadian Broadcast Standards Council ruled against it, declaring CTV's use of the term to be unethical. Others have not apologized, saying that it is a fact that Auschwitz, Treblinka, Majdanek, Chełmno, Bełżec, and Sobibór were situated in" |
591 | """Polish death camp"" controversy" | "German-occupied Poland. Commenting upon the 2018 bill criminalizing such expressions (see ), Israeli politician Yair Lapid justified the expression ""Polish death camps"" with the argument that ""hundreds of thousands of Jews were murdered without ever meeting a German soldier"". Opponents of the use of these expressions argue that they are inaccurate, as they may suggest that the camps were a responsibility of the Poles, when in fact they were designed, constructed, and operated by the Germans and were used to exterminate both non-Jewish Poles and Polish Jews, as well as Jews transported to the camps by the Germans from across" |
592 | """Polish death camp"" controversy" | "Europe. Historian Geneviève Zubrzycki and the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) have called the expression a misnomer. It has also been described as ""misleading"" by the Washington Post editorial board, The New York Times, the Canadian Broadcast Standards Council, and Nazi hunter Dr. Efraim Zuroff. Holocaust memorial Yad Vashem described it as a ""historical misrepresentation"", and White House spokesman Tommy Vietor referred to its use a ""misstatement"". Abraham Foxman of the ADL described the strict geographical defence of the terms as ""sloppiness of language"", and ""dead wrong, highly unfair to Poland"". Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs Adam Daniel Rotfeld said in 2005" |
593 | """Polish death camp"" controversy" | "that ""Under the pretext that 'it's only a geographic reference', attempts are made to distort history"". As early as 1944, the expression ""Polish death camp"" appeared as the title of a ""Collier's"" magazine article, ""Polish Death Camp"", an excerpt from the 1944 memoir by the Polish resistance fighter Jan Karski, ""Courier from Poland: The Story of a Secret State"" (reprinted in 2010 as ""Story of a Secret State: My Report to the World""). Karski himself, in both the article and the book, used the expression ""Jewish death camp"", not ""Polish death camp"".. As shown by Jacek Gancarson and Natalja Zajtseva," |
594 | """Polish death camp"" controversy" | "the original title of Jan Karski's typescript, ""In the Belzec Death Camp"", was changed by the ""Collier's"" magazine editor to ""Polish Death Camp"". Other early-postwar, 1945 uses of the expression ""Polish death camp"" occurred in the periodicals ""Contemporary Jewish Record"", ""The Jewish Veteran"" and ""The Palestine Yearbook and Israeli Annual"", as well as in a 1947 book, ""Beyond the Last Path"", by Hungarian-born Jew and Belgian resistance fighter Eugene Weinstock and in Polish writer Zofia Nałkowska's 1947 book ""Medallions"". A 2016 article by Matt Lebovic stated that West Germany's Agency 114, which during the Cold War recruited former Nazis to" |
595 | """Polish death camp"" controversy" | "West Germany's intelligence service, worked to popularize the term ""Polish death camps"" in order to minimize German responsibility for, and implicate Poles in, the atrocities. On 30 April 2004 a Canadian Television (CTV) Network News report referred to ""the Polish camp in Treblinka"". The Polish embassy in Canada lodged a complaint with CTV. Robert Hurst of CTV, however, argued that the term ""Polish"" was used throughout North America in a geographical sense, and declined to issue a correction. The Polish Ambassador to Ottawa then complained to the National Specialty Services Panel of the Canadian Broadcast Standards Council. The Council rejected" |
596 | """Polish death camp"" controversy" | "Hurst's argument, ruling that the word ""'Polish'—similarly to such adjectives as 'English', 'French' and 'German'—had connotations that clearly extended beyond geographic context. Its use with reference to Nazi extermination camps was misleading and improper."" In 2009 Zbigniew Osewski, grandson of a Stutthof concentration camp prisoner, announced that he was suing Axel Springer AG for calling Majdanek concentration camp a ""former Polish concentration camp"" in a November 2008 article in the German newspaper ""Die Welt"". The case started in 2012. On 23 December 2009, British historian Timothy Garton Ash wrote in ""The Guardian"": ""Watching a German television news report on the" |
597 | """Polish death camp"" controversy" | "trial of John Demjanjuk a few weeks ago, I was amazed to hear the announcer describe him as a guard in 'the Polish extermination camp Sobibor'. What times are these, when one of the main German TV channels thinks it can describe Nazi camps as 'Polish'? In my experience, the automatic equation of Poland with Catholicism, nationalism and antisemitism – and thence a slide to guilt by association with the Holocaust – is still widespread. This collective stereotyping does no justice to the historical record."" In 2010 the Polish-American Kosciuszko Foundation launched a petition demanding that four major U.S. news" |
598 | """Polish death camp"" controversy" | "organizations endorse use of the expression ""German concentration camps in Nazi-occupied Poland"". Canada's ""Globe and Mail"" reported on 23 September 2011 about ""Polish concentration camps"". Canadian Member of Parliament Ted Opitz and Minister of Citizenship and Immigration Jason Kenney supported Polish protests. In 2013 Karol Tendera, who had been a prisoner at Auschwitz-Birkenau and is secretary of an association of former prisoners of German concentration camps, sued the German television network ZDF, demanding a formal apology and 50,000 zlotys, to be donated to charitable causes, for ZDF's use of the expression ""Polish concentration camps"". ZDF was ordered by the court" |
599 | """Polish death camp"" controversy" | "to make a public apology. Some Poles felt the apology to be inadequate and protested with a truck bearing a banner that read ""Death camps were Nazi German - ZDF apologize!"" They planned to take their protest against the expression ""Polish concentration camps"" 1,600 kilometers across Europe, from Wrocław in Poland to Cambridge, England, via Belgium and Germany, with a stop in front of ZDF headquarters in Mainz. ""The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage"" recommends against using the expression, as does the ""AP Stylebook"", and that of ""The Washington Post"". However, the 2018 Polish bill has been" |