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400 | """Heroes"" (David Bowie song)" | "performance thus grows in intensity precisely as ever more ambience infuses his delivery until, by the final verse, he has to shout just to be heard...The more Bowie shouts just to be heard, in fact, the further back in the mix Visconti's multi-latch system pushes his vocal tracks, creating a stark metaphor for the situation of Bowie's doomed lovers"". ""Heroes"" was released in a variety of languages and lengths (""a collector's wet dream"" in the words of ""NME"" editors Roy Carr and Charles Shaar Murray). In contrast to the bewildering audio situation, the video (directed by Stanley Dorfman) was a" |
401 | """Heroes"" (David Bowie song)" | "stark and simple affair, the singer captured performing the song in what appeared to be a single take with multiple cameras, swaying in front of a spotlight that created a monotone and near-silhouette effect. Despite a large promotional push, including Bowie's first live ""Top of the Pops"" appearance since 1973, ""Heroes"" only reached number 24 in the UK charts, and failed to make the US ""Billboard"" Hot 100. In Italy, the song was certified gold by the Federation of the Italian Music Industry. Writing for ""NME"" on its release, Charlie Gillett slated the record, saying: ""Well he had a pretty" |
402 | """Heroes"" (David Bowie song)" | "good run for our money, for a guy who was no singer. But I think his time has been and gone, and this just sounds weary. Then again, maybe the ponderous heavy riff will be absorbed on the radio, and the monotonous feel may just be hypnotic enough to drag people into buying it. I hope not."" Despite the poor review it featured at number 6 in the NME's end of year critics poll for 1977. Later assessments were more favourable. In February 1999, ""Q Magazine"" listed ""Heroes"" as one of the 100 greatest singles of all time as voted" |
403 | """Heroes"" (David Bowie song)" | "by the readers. In March 2005, the same magazine placed it at number 56 in its list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Tracks. In 2004, ""Rolling Stone"" rated ""Heroes"" number 46 in its list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. It was included in 2008's ""The Pitchfork Media 500: Our Guide to the Greatest Songs from Punk to the Present"". John J. Miller of ""National Review"" rated ""Heroes"" number 21 on a list of ""the 50 greatest conservative rock songs"" due to its anti-Soviet political context. It has also become a gay anthem. ""Uncut"" placed ""Heroes"" as number" |
404 | """Heroes"" (David Bowie song)" | "1 in its 30 greatest Bowie songs in 2008. Moby has said that ""Heroes"" is one of his favourite songs ever written, calling it ""inevitable"" that his music would be influenced by the song, and Dave Gahan, the lead singer of Depeche Mode, was hired into the band when band founder Vince Clarke heard him singing ""Heroes"" at a jam session. Bowie regularly performed the song in concert. It was used in Chris Petit's film ""Radio On"" two years after its release. The song has become a mainstay of advertising in recent years, gracing efforts by Microsoft, Kodak, CGU Insurance," |
405 | """Heroes"" (David Bowie song)" | "HBO Olé (HBO Latin America) and various sporting promoters throughout the world. It was also used as the intro to the video game ""NHL 99"", released in 1998. ""Heroes"" also appears as downloadable content in the music video game series ""Rock Band"" in a three-song pack along with other Bowie songs ""Moonage Daydream"" and ""Queen Bitch"". The Australian television mockumentary """" (title outside Australia: ""The Nominees"") took its title from ""Heroes"". A cover of the single was used as ITV's theme song for its coverage of the 2006 FIFA World Cup. ""Heroes"" is the main track of the 1981 german" |
406 | """Heroes"" (David Bowie song)" | "movie ""Wir Kinder vom Bahnhof Zoo"", for which Bowie provided the music. The song was played during the party scene in the 2001 film ""Antitrust"". In 2009, the song was played over the closing credits of both the documentary ""The Cove"", and ""What Goes Up"", and also featured in that film, important to the plot's message. In May 2010, the song was played over the extended closing credits of the final episode of ""Ashes to Ashes"", in keeping with the various David Bowie allusions throughout that series (and its predecessor ""Life on Mars""). In 2012 the track was played as" |
407 | """Heroes"" (David Bowie song)" | "athletes from Great Britain entered the Olympic Stadium during the 2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony, and after medal ceremonies during the Olympics. It was also used as the Great Britain Paralympic team entered the stadium during the opening ceremony on 29 August 2012. The same year, it was featured in the film ""The Perks of Being a Wallflower"". First heard on a pick-up truck radio by the main characters, the song is important to both ""flying through the tunnel"" scenes and played over the closing credits. In 2013, the song was featured in the Daniel Radcliffe horror fantasy film, ""Horns""." |
408 | """Heroes"" (David Bowie song)" | "In 2014, the song was featured in the premiere trailer for the Brazilian film ""Praia do Futuro"". The song was also played in ""You Don't Have to Live Like a Referee"", an episode of ""The Simpsons"" as Lisa is trying to figure out how to make Homer into a hero for a speech contest at school. In the days following Bowie's death in January 2016, the song was streamed on Spotify more than any other Bowie song. On Twitter the German Foreign Office paid homage to Bowie for ""helping to bring down the wall."" It reached a new peak of" |
409 | """Holy...""" | """Holy…!"" (for example ""Holy cow!"", ""Holy mackerel!"" or ""Holy smoke!"") is an exclamation of surprise used mostly in English-speaking countries. Robin of the ""Batman"" TV series is noted for his many catchphrase ""Holy…"" exclamations. The lines in the 1960s TV series were uttered by Burt Ward who played Robin, who delivered the exclamations in a nasal voice. Many of the camp quips are directly related to the plot; for example, ""Holy Graf Zeppelin!"" is uttered by Robin upon seeing an aerial balloon. According to New York wellness expert Scott A. Morofsky, Robin would ""inevitably refer to an intense experience with" |
410 | """Holy...""" | "a loud, 'Holy... Batman, what do we do now?'"". Bradley J. Ricca, comic book scholar at Case Western Reserve University, suggests that: ""Robin exists as a media entity inextricably linked with Batman and shares nearly as much ubiquity in American culture"". He considers Robin's famous ""Holy..."" catchphrases to have been grossly overused in the series, popularizing it in the American vernacular. Cartoons such as ""The Super Friends"" continued to make use of Robin and his catchphrases, ""spouting 'Holy' in front of every noun imaginable"" and Robin's exclamations still remain closely associated with his character in popular culture. American author David" |
411 | """Holy...""" | "Shields notes how much in contrast Robin's ""Holy..."" outbursts, his alliteration and assonance, his fast riffs"" were to the laconic Batman. According to film critics Deborah Cartmell and Imelda Whelehan, Robin's quip ""Holey Rusted Metal!"" in ""Batman Forever"" was an ""explicit in-joke"". Camp humour, through Robin's exclamations and other circumstances in the Batman series, have led some commentators to speculate on homosexual undertones in the relationship between Batman and Robin. Image Entertainment paid homage to Robin's quips with the title ""Batman: Holy Batmania"" in a 2004 2-disc DVD release containing four documentaries discussing the sixties TV series. The DVD title" |
412 | """How's my driving?"" sign" | "A ""how's my driving"" sign (or """"how is my driving"""" or similar) is a decal posted or painted on a back of a fleet vehicle or other vehicle operated by an employee driver. The decal usually has a phone number or website address and other identifying information so that the public can call and report on the behavior of the vehicle's driver. Depending on the company, the phone number or website is monitored by the vehicle's owner or by a third-party company. Similar programs have also been implemented for vehicles driven by teenagers in hopes of improving the safety of" |
413 | """How's my driving?"" sign" | "teenage drivers and with drunk drivers. Use of ""How’s My Driving"" regimes for systems other than traffic have been discussed, also in relation to eBay and Wikipedia. The purpose of the decal is to increase traffic safety, as those who know they are driving a vehicle with a decal would want to drive more safely in order to not draw complaints. About 10% of vehicles bearing this decal become the target of complaints. The most common complaints fielded are tailgating, improper lane changes, speeding, and running red lights, though it has been found that many bored motorists who have cell" |
414 | """How's my driving?"" sign" | "phones will call in petty complaints. A small percentage of calls are to compliment drivers. Studies have found that vehicles displaying the decal are involved in 22% fewer accidents and result in a 52% reduction in accident-related costs. Some insurance companies offer discounts to fleets that display the decal. Other countries are starting to experiment with similar programs, for example Germany. When a complaint is made, the receptionist who fields the complaint will generally ask for basic information regarding the vehicle and incident, such as the vehicle's description (e.g. ""a white van""), the location of the incident, and the weather" |
415 | """I AM"" Activity" | "The ""I AM"" Movement is the original Ascended Master Teachings religious movement founded in the early 1930s by Guy Ballard (1878–1939) and his wife Edna Anne Wheeler Ballard (1886–1971) in Chicago, Illinois. It is an offshoot of theosophy and a major precursor of several New Age religions including the Church Universal and Triumphant. The movement had up to a million followers in 1938 and is still active today on a smaller scale. According to the official website of the parent organization, the Saint Germain Foundation, its worldwide headquarters is located in Schaumburg, Illinois, and there are approximately 300 local groups" |
416 | """I AM"" Activity" | "worldwide under several variations of the names ""I AM"" Sanctuary, ""I AM"" Temple, and other similar titles. As of 2007, the organization states that its purpose is ""spiritual, educational and practical,"" and that no admission fee is charged for their activities. The term ""I AM"" is a reference to the ancient Sanskrit mantra ""So Ham"", meaning ""I Am that I Am"". The movement believes in the existence of a group called the Ascended Masters, a hierarchy of supernatural beings that includes the original Theosophical Masters such as Jesus Christ, El Morya Khan, Maitreya, and in addition several dozen more beyond" |
417 | """I AM"" Activity" | "the original 20 Masters of the Ancient Wisdom of the original Theosophists as described by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky. These ""Ascended Masters"" are believed to be humans who have lived in a succession of reincarnations in physical bodies. Over time they became highly advanced souls, able to move beyond the cycles of ""re-embodiment"" and karma, and attained their ""Ascension"", becoming immortal. The Ascended Masters are believed to communicate to humanity through certain trained messengers per Blavatsky, including Guy and Edna Ballard. Because Jesus is believed to be one of the Ascended Masters, making the ""Christ Light"" available to seekers who wish" |
418 | """I AM"" Activity" | "to move out of darkness, many of the members of the ""I AM"" Activity consider it to be a Christian religion. According to the ""Los Angeles Magazine"", Ballard said he was the re-embodiment of George Washington, an Egyptian priest, and a noted French musician. The ""I AM"" Activity was the continuation of the teachings received by H. P. Blavatsky and William Quan Judge. Ballard was always guided and inspired by the writings of William Quan Judge (1851-1896), who used the pseudonym David Lloyd due to the persecution of his enemies in the Theosophical Society. Then Ballard came in contact with" |
419 | """I AM"" Activity" | "the Mahatma called ""Ascended Master"" Saint Germain. Ballard died in 1939. In 1942 his wife and son were convicted of fraud, a conviction which was overturned in a landmark Supreme Court decision, ruling that the question of whether the Ballards believed their religious claims should not have been submitted to a jury. The ""I AM"" Activity was founded by Guy Ballard (pseudonym Godfré Ray King) in the early 1930s. Ballard was well-read in theosophy and its offshoots, and while hiking on Mount Shasta looking for a rumored branch of the Great White Brotherhood known as ""The Brotherhood of Mount Shasta""," |
420 | """I AM"" Activity" | "he claimed to have met and been instructed by a man who introduced himself as ""Saint Germain."" Saint Germain is regular component of theosophical religions as an Ascended Master, based on the historical Comte de Saint-Germain, an 18th-century adventurer. The Ballards said they began talking to the Ascended Masters regularly. They founded a publishing house, ""Saint Germain Press"", to publish their books and began training people to spread their messages across the United States. These training sessions and ""Conclaves"" were held throughout the United States and were open to the general public and free of charge. A front-page story in" |
421 | """I AM"" Activity" | "a 1938 edition of the ""Chicago Herald and Examiner"" noted that the Ballards ""do not take up collections or ask for funds"". Some of the original members of I AM were recruited from the ranks of William Dudley Pelley’s organization the Silver Shirts. Meetings became limited to members only after hecklers began disrupting their open meetings. Over their lifetimes, the Ballard's recorded nearly 4,000 Live dictations, which they said were from the Ascended Masters. Guy Ballard, his wife Edna, and later his son Donald became the sole ""Accredited Messengers"" of the Ascended Masters. The Ballards' popularity spread, including up to" |
422 | """I AM"" Activity" | "a million followers in 1938. They accepted donations (called ""love gifts"") from their followers across the country, though no such donation or dues were required. The first of many ""Conclaves"" held in scores of cities in their national tours was Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, October 10–19, 1934. According to a ""Los Angeles Magazine"" article, in August 1935, the Ballards hosted a gathering at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles that drew a crowd of 6,000. Guy Ballard spoke under the pseudonym he used in authoring his books, Godfre Ray King, and his wife used the pseudonym Lotus. The meeting included teachings they" |
423 | """I AM"" Activity" | "described as being received directly from the Ascended Masters. They led the audience in prayers and affirmations that they called decrees, including adorations to God and invocations for abundance of every good thing, including love, money, peace, and happiness. At the height of his popularity, Guy Ballard died from arteriosclerosis at 5:00 A.M. on December 29, 1939, in Los Angeles, in the home of his son Donald. On December 31 his body was cremated. On New Year's Day during the annual ""Christmas Class"", Edna Ballard stated that Guy had completed his Ascension at midnight December 31, 1939, from the ""Royal" |
424 | """I AM"" Activity" | "Teton Retreat"". Students of the ""I Am"" Activity believe in death as a change, not an ending. The ""I AM"" activity believe ""Ascension"" can mean Entering heaven alive, that is, to ""raise one's body""—physically translating to a higher form of existence, as in the Ascension of Jesus. This is what Guy Ballard had claimed his followers would be able to do if they followed his instructions. Recorded in a dictation prior to Guy W Ballard's death a new dispensation to make the Ascension after the passing of death and cremation was given, and is recorded at the Saint Germain Foundation." |
425 | """I AM"" Activity" | "Students using this more traditional definition would have to conclude that Mrs. Ballard did not tell the full teaching, since Mr. Ballard had died a quite ordinary death and his body had been cremated. There had also been questions raised about devout members who had died without entering heaven alive. At this time, Edna Ballard defined ""Ascension"" as dying an ordinary death, but going to a higher level of heaven than a normal person because one has balanced ""51% of one's karma"". This modified and more practical definition of ""ascension"" is used by all Ascended Master Teachings religions today, although" |
426 | """I AM"" Activity" | they still believe that a select few, the higher level Ascended Masters such as Jesus and St. Germain, entered heaven alive. In 1942, Edna Ballard and her son Donald were charged with eighteen counts of mail fraud on the basis of claims made in books sent through the mail. The presiding judge instructed the jury not to consider the truth or falsity of the religious beliefs, but only whether the Ballards sincerely believed the claims or did not, and the jury found them guilty. The Ninth Circuit overturned the conviction on the grounds that the judge improperly excluded the credibility |
427 | """I AM"" Activity" | "of their religious beliefs from consideration, and the government appealed to the Supreme Court. In ""United States v. Ballard"", the Supreme Court in a 5-4 landmark decision held that the question of whether Ballards believed their religious claims should not have been submitted to the jury, and remanded the case back to the Ninth Circuit, which affirmed the fraud conviction. Interpreting this decision, the Ninth Circuit later found that the Court did not go so far as to hold that ""the validity or veracity of a religious doctrine cannot be inquired into by a Federal Court."" On a second appeal," |
428 | """I AM"" Activity" | "the Supreme Court in 1946 vacated the fraud conviction, on the grounds that women were improperly excluded from the jury panel. In March 1942, Edna Ballard moved the western branch of the ""Saint Germain Press"" and her residence to Santa Fe, where she recorded live before an audience thousands more dictations she said were from the Ascended Masters. Despite the ultimate dismissal of the court cases, it was not until 1954 that the organization's right to use the mail was restored. The Internal Revenue Service revoked their tax-exempt status in 1941, stating it did not recognize the movement as ""a" |
429 | """I AM"" Activity" | "religion"". A court ruling in 1957 overturned the ruling of the IRS and re-established the group's tax-exempt status. As of 2007, Saint Germain Foundation maintains a reading room in Mount Shasta, California, and its headquarters in Schaumburg, Illinois. Several annual conclaves are held at their 12-story """"I AM Temple"""" at 176 West Washington Street in downtown Chicago. Among the hundreds attending, there are usually dozens of ""I AM"" students from other nations. Classes and conclaves are regularly held in approximately 300 locations in America, Europe, Latin America, Australia, and Africa. The ""Saint Germain Press"", a subsidiary of the ""Saint Germain" |
430 | """I AM"" Activity" | "Foundation"", publishes the historical books and related artwork and audio recordings of the Ballards' teachings, and a monthly magazine available by subscription, titled """"The Voice of the 'I AM'"""". It has been estimated that the ""Saint Germain Press"" has printed and put into circulation over one million books. The Saint Germain Foundation presents the """"I AM"" COME!"" Pageant every August at Mount Shasta, and has done so each year since 1950. Their website states that the performance is open to the public at no cost, and describes the Pageant as a portrayal of ""the life of Beloved Jesus, focusing on" |
431 | """I AM"" Activity" | "His Miracles of Truth and Healing, and the example of the Ascension which He left to the world."" According to the group's teachings, Ascended Masters are believed to be individuals who have left the reincarnation cycle of re-embodiment. The ""I AM"" Activity calls itself Christian, because Jesus is considered to be one of the more important Ascended Masters. It also refers to itself as patriotic because Ascended Master St. Germain is believed to have inspired and guided the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. Followers claim that St. Germain belonged to the same Masonic Lodge as George Washington and Benjamin" |
432 | """I AM"" Activity" | Franklin. However, Guy Ballard tended to downplay any relation of his ideas to Freemasonry because of his great discordance with Franklin Delano Roosevelt, a famous Freemason. Thus the notion that Saint-Germain belonged to a Masonic Lodge was more part of general occult lore than part of Ballard's emphasis. The movement teaches that the omnipotent, omniscient and omnipresent creator God ('I AM' – Exodus 3:14) is in all of us as a spark from the Divine Flame, and that we can experience this presence, love, power and light – and its power of the Violet Consuming Flame of Divine Love – |
433 | """I AM"" Activity" | "through quiet contemplation and by repeating 'affirmations' and 'decrees'. By affirming something one desires, one may cause it to happen. The group teaches that the ""Mighty I AM Presence"" is God existing in and as each person's Higher Self, and that a light known as the ""Violet Flame"" is generated by the ""I AM Presence"" and may surround each person who calls forth the action of the Holy Spirit for expression of mercy or forgiveness. The group believes that by tapping into these internalized powers in accordance with the teachings of the Ascended Masters, one can use one's relationship to" |
434 | """I AM"" Activity" | "the ""Presence"" to amplify the expressions of virtue such as justice, peace, harmony, and love; to displace or abate the expression of evil (relative absence of good) in the world; and to minimize personal difficulties in one's life. The spiritual goal of the teachings is that, through a process of self-purification, the believer may attain the perfected condition of the saints, or become an Ascended Master when leaving their body, contrasted to common concepts of 'ordinary death'. The process of attaining these results includes one or another of interior practices to facilitate resonance and alignment with the ""I AM Presence"":" |
435 | """I AM"" Activity" | "self-assessment in light of saintly exemplars such as Jesus, care in the use of language, devotion (to the Divine), gratitude, meditation, invocations and affirmations; and external practices such as ""decrees"" (repeated prayers given aloud with conviction), all of which are said to amplify the energetic presence of the divine in one's experience, resulting in the desired positive changes. Members believe there is actual science behind decrees and affirmations and claim these practices are acknowledged by medicine as effective. The group also emphasizes personal freedom, embracing patriotic symbols, and often displays American flags in its Temples or other offices. These ""positive" |
436 | """I Am"": Eucharistic Meditations on the Gospel" | """I Am"": Eucharistic Meditations on the Gospel is a book of Roman Catholic meditations written in 1912 by the Venerable Concepcion Cabrera de Armida (often simply called ""Conchita""), a Mexican mystic who is in the process of beatification. The writings that constitute the book were the results of meditations in the presence of the Holy Eucharist. They aim to clarify the words with which Jesus defines Who He is in a variety of statements beginning with the words: ""I am"". The book thus aims to lead the reader to a better understanding of the mystery of Jesus Christ. These 31" |
437 | """I Want"" song" | "The ""I Want"" song (also called an ""I wish"" song) is a popular type of song featured in musical theatre, and has become a particularly popular term through its use to describe a series of songs featured in 1990s Disney animated features that had the main character singing about how they are unsatisfied with their current life, and what they are searching for. The term ""'I Want' song"" is believed to have been coined by Lehman Engel. Composer Stephen Schwartz explains the concept in regard to the 1995 Disney film ""Pocahontas"": Musical 101 explains: ""The Main ""I Want"" Song comes" |
438 | """I Want"" song" | "early in the first act, with one or more of the main characters singing about the key motivating desire that will propel everyone (including the audience) through the remainder of the show. It is often followed by a reprise. In many cases, these songs literally include the words ""I want"", ""I wish"" or ""I've got to"". Classic examples include ""My Fair Lady""s ""Wouldn't It Be Loverly"", ""Carnival""s ""Mira"", ""The Sound of Music""s ""I Have Confidence"", 'The Wizard and I"" from ""Wicked"", ""You and Me (But Mostly Me)"" from ""The Book of Mormon"". and ""King of Broadway"" in ""The Producers"". One" |
439 | """I Want"" song" | "popular current example is ""My Shot,"" the third number in ""Hamilton: An American Musical."" Bob Fosse said there were only three types of show songs from a director's point of view: ""I Am"" songs – a song that explains a character/situation, ""I Want"" songs – desire/motivations, and New songs – A song that doesn't fit the other categories. Schwartz also notes ""I Want"" songs are usually those which have a life beyond the music they were featured in: Schwartz has also written ""I Want"" songs for live action musicals, including ""Corner of the Sky"" for ""Pippin"" and ""The Wizard and" |
440 | """I Want"" song" | "I"" for ""Wicked"". The Walt Disney Company has a long tradition of ""I Want"" songs in Disney animated musicals going back to the Disney Renaissance era. The term has retroactively been used to describe older ""I Want"" songs. In a top ten list of Disney, ""The Daily Dot"" ranked ""Robin Hood""s ""Not in Nottingham"" as the best ""I Want"" song. The site also noted that these could be sung by antagonists, ranking ""The Hunchback of Notre Dame""s ""Hellfire"" at number 5. FanPop listed ""Part of Your World"" from ""The Little Mermaid"" as the best song of this type. The WFPL" |
441 | """I quit"" match" | "An ""I quit"" match is a type of professional wrestling match in which the only way to win is to make the opponent say the words ""I quit"" (usually into a microphone). It is a variation of submission match as it can only be won by submission, but it is special in that the submission has to take the form of the forfeiting opponent saying ""I quit"". Generally, whenever a wrestler knocks down their opponent with a move or inflicts a submission move, the opponent will be asked—either by the referee or the opponent—to say the words into a microphone." |
442 | """I quit"" match" | """I quit"" matches are commonly used to settle kayfabe grudges and embarrass rivals since saying ""I quit"" is usually a sign of admitted inferiority. The first ""I quit"" match was in the National Wrestling Alliance/Jim Crockett Promotions at Starrcade on November 28, 1985. Magnum T. A. defeated Tully Blanchard in a match (with a cage around the ring) for Blanchard's NWA United States Heavyweight Championship. Near the end of that match, Magnum used a piece of wood with a nail in it to pierce Blanchard's forehead. At that point, Blanchard screamed ""Yes! Yes!"" into the microphone, indicating that he was" |
443 | """I quit"" match" | "quitting the match and Magnum won the championship. One of the most famous ""I quit"" matches took place on January 24, 1999 at the Royal Rumble between The Rock and Mick Foley (as Mankind) in the World Wrestling Federation. The match lasted just over 20 minutes, ending after Foley took eleven unprotected chair shots to the head while his hands were handcuffed behind his back. The Rock eventually won the match, but it was later revealed that Foley was completely unconscious and The Rock had played a tape of Foley saying ""I quit"" over the public address system. The following" |
444 | """I quit"" match" | "night on ""Raw"", The Rock's ""I quit!"" match against Triple H ended when Triple H was extorted into saying ""I quit"" because Kane was about to chokeslam Chyna. John Cena retained his WWE Championship by defeating John Bradshaw Layfield in an ""I quit"" match at Judgment Day on May 22, 2005. At Breaking Point on September 13, 2009, Cena defeated his long time rival Randy Orton in an ""I quit"" match, forcing Orton to say ""I quit"" while he was handcuffed and Cena simultaneously had applied his submission hold, the STF. ""I quit"" matches involving women have been rare. At" |
445 | """I quit"" match" | "No Mercy on October 19, 2003, there was an intergender match between WWE chairman Vince McMahon and his daughter Stephanie partly under ""I quit"" rules. However, the match was decided when Stephanie's mother Linda threw in the towel for her daughter, giving Vince the victory. The first ""I quit"" match between WWE Divas was contested at One Night Stand on June 1 2008, when Beth Phoenix defeated Melina. On the May 14, 2009 episode of ""Impact"", Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), now known as Impact Wrestling, put on its first ""I quit"" match, where Booker T defeated Jethro Holiday after" |
446 | """I quit"" match" | "an axe kick. TNA had another ""I quit"" match on May 24, 2009, where A.J. Styles defeated Booker T to retain the TNA Legends Championship after Jenna Morasca threw a towel into the ring for Booker T. On the May 4, 2016 episode of ""Lucha Underground"", Sexy Star defeated Mariposa in the promotion's first ""I quit"" match, known in Spanish as a ""no mas"" match. An ""I respect you"" match is a variation of the ""I quit"" match as to win a wrestler must make their opponent say the words ""I respect you"". The first ""I respect you"" match was" |
447 | """I"" Is for Innocent" | """I"" Is for Innocent is the ninth novel in Sue Grafton's ""Alphabet"" series of mystery novels and features Kinsey Millhone, a private eye based in Santa Teresa, California. After being unceremoniously fired by California Fidelity Insurance, Kinsey has found herself new office space with her attorney, Lonnie Kingman. Lonnie has a case with which he wants Kinsey's help. Six years earlier, David Barney was acquitted of killing his estranged wife, talented but insecure society house-designer Isabelle Barney, by shooting her dead through the spy hole of her front door. David's desperation to rebuild the marriage after the split netted him" |
448 | """I"" Is for Innocent" | an injunction for harassment, so he was the obvious suspect, particularly since he inherited Isabelle's multimillion-dollar business, but the prosecution could not make it stick. Now Isabelle's previous husband, Kenneth Voigt, is trying again in the civil courts, in an attempt to secure the fortune for his and Isabelle's daughter Shelby, and Lonnie needs some evidence. The previous PI on the case, Morley Shine, has just died of a heart attack, and Lonnie asks Kinsey to step in. Kinsey agrees, and knowing Morley of old, is surprised to find his files in a mess, with crucial witness statements missing. One |
449 | """I"" Is for Innocent" | new witness has come forward: Curtis MacIntyre, a habitual jailbird who shared a cell with Barney for a night and claims that Barney confessed to his guilt just after the acquittal. Kinsey is very doubtful of this story, especially when she finds out Curtis was in custody on another matter on the date in question. In trying to fill in the other blanks, she uncovers more evidence in Barney's favor than against him, not least that Barney appears to have a cast-iron alibi; he was the victim of a hit and run whilst out jogging at the time of the |
450 | """I"" Is for Innocent" | murder some miles away. Kinsey tracks down both the driver - Tippy, the daughter of Isabelle's best friend Rhe Parsons - and a witness who can swear that Barney was knocked down by her. Kinsey also finds out that Tippy, drunk and in her father's pick-up truck, was the perpetrator of a previous and fatal hit-and-run on the same night, the victim being an elderly man called Noah McKell. She realises Morley was on the same track, and begins to have suspicions about his death. She eventually establishes that Morley was poisoned by a pastry left at his office made |
451 | """I"" Is for Innocent" | with lethal mushrooms. She also finds out that Kenneth Voigt has been paying Curtis 'expense money' for years, which casts further doubt on his testimony. Curtis comes up with an alternative story: the confession was actually made some time after the acquittal during a drunken evening at Barney's home. This sounds even more unlikely to Kinsey's skeptical ears. She begins to suspect that someone else from Isabelle's immediate circle might be the guilty party - Isabelle's sister Simone, Ken Voigt's new wife Francesca, or Isabelle's former business partner, Peter Weidmann and/or his wife Yolanda. Meanwhile, at home, her octogenarian landlord, |
452 | """I"" Is for Innocent" | Henry Pitts, is entertaining his hypochondriac elder brother, William, for a visit. Both Henry and Kinsey are astonished to find romance beginning to bloom between William and Rosie. Rosie is the proprietor of Kinsey's local Hungarian tavern, which has recently been taken over as a favorite haunt by some local sports fans. Rosie charms William with her acceptance of his imagined illnesses. Back on the case, Kinsey has a sudden flash of inspiration looking at the time gap between Tippy killing Mr. McKell and knocking down Barney. Tippy admits that, panic-stricken after the first accident, she went to confess what |
453 | """I"" Is for Innocent" | she had done to her 'aunt' Isabelle, but did not get an answer at the door. Kinsey realises Barney's alibi is worthless: having just killed Isabelle, he could have hitched on Tippy's pick-up and then rolled off it later at an appropriate time in front of witnesses, to establish his alibi miles away. Kinsey's train of thought is interrupted by a call from Curtis, asking her to meet him at the bird refuge. He sounds terrified, and Kinsey suspects he has been taken hostage. She arranges for Jonah, her ex-boyfriend cop, to provide back-up and calls in at the office |
454 | """I"" Is for Innocent" | "to pick up her gun on the way. Barney has anticipated that she would do this and is waiting for her, along with Curtis's corpse. They play a cat-and-mouse version of Russian roulette with their respective guns until Kinsey, in possession of a gun with an extra round in the chamber, emerges victorious, having shot and killed Barney. In the 2006 film ""Stranger than Fiction"", the character Professor Jules Hilbert is shown reading a plastic-wrapped copy of """"I"" Is for Innocent"" while on lifeguard duty. Kinsey's prized Volkswagen Beetle, a mirror of the one author Sue Grafton owns in real" |
455 | """Irish"" Teddy Mann" | """Irish"" Teddy Mann (born September 5, 1951) is the professional nickname of former world-rated middleweight boxing pro, Theodore A. Mannschreck, also known as Ted ""The Irish"" Man. Born in Point Pleasant, New Jersey, he moved to the Forked River section of Lacey Township, New Jersey while very young, and it was there that he first developed his lifelong love for the sport of boxing. As an amateur, Ted amassed an impressive record and fought some tough competitors including A.A.U. Champion, Curtis Parker and several golden gloves champs. While attending Central Regional High School, in Forked River, he broke more than" |
456 | """Irish"" Teddy Mann" | "one track and cross county school record and was captain of the cross country team. After turning pro on August 24, 1977, Mannschreck shortened his name to ""Mann"" at the suggestion of his manager, Carmen Graziano. Early on in his career his prospects looked very promising and going into his contest with ""Bad"" Bennie Briscoe, in 1979, at the Philadelphia Spectrum, he had garnered a record of 18-1. That fight proved to be the turning point of his career as it resulted in Mann sustaining an injury to his right hand from which he never fully recovered. Several years later," |
457 | """Isis"" of the Suebi" | "In Roman historian Tacitus's first century CE book ""Germania"", Tacitus describes the veneration of what he deems as an ""Isis"" of the Suebi. Due to Tacitus's usage of ""interpretatio romana"" elsewhere in the text, his admitted uncertainty, and his reasoning for referring to the veneration of an Egyptian goddess by the Suebi—a group of Germanic peoples—scholars have generally held that Tacitus's identification is incorrect, and have debated what goddess Tacitus refers to. In chapter 9 of ""Germania"", Tacitus, employing ""interpretatio romana"" (a process in which what an author deems Roman equivalents are listed in place of non-Roman deity names), says" |
458 | """Isis"" of the Suebi" | "that the Suebi principally venerate ""Mercury"", and that they regard it as sacral to offer him both human and non-human sacrifices on specific dates (unprovided). The Suebi also worship ""Mars"" and ""Hercules"", who they appease by offering animals in a traditional manner. Tacitus adds that a part of the Suebi, however, venerate ""Isis"", although he admits that he doesn't know how worship of Isis could have been imported: While Tacitus's ""Mercury"", ""Mars"", and ""Hercules"" are generally held to refer to Odin, Tyr, and Thor respectively, the identity of ""Isis"" has been a matter of debate. In his translation of ""Germania""," |
459 | """Isis"" of the Suebi" | "scholar J. B. Rives comments that while, in Tacitus's time, the cult of Isis was widespread and is well attested in provinces on the border of Germania, Tacitus's identification is problematic because the cult of Isis seems to have spread with Greco-Roman culture. Rives comments that ""most scholars believe that Tacitus has misidentified a native Germanic ritual that bore some resemblance to a well-known Isiac ritual that involved a ship [...]"". In a 2012 paper, Joseph S. Hopkins and Haukur Þorgeirsson propose a connection between a Vanir goddess, particularly Freyja, and the ship symbolism of the ""Isis"" of the Suebi." |
460 | """J"" Is for Judgment" | """J"" Is for Judgment is the tenth novel in Sue Grafton's ""Alphabet"" series of mystery novels and features Kinsey Millhone, a private eye based in Santa Teresa, California. The novel is set in 1984 and features a significant development in Kinsey's personal back-story, as she discovers that she has extensive family living in the Lompoc area. July 1984 contains two surprises for Kinsey Millhone, both connected to her past. First, California Fidelity Insurance reappears in her life in the form of Mac Voorhies, who wants her help with a case some seven months after his boss Gordon Titus terminated Kinsey's" |
461 | """J"" Is for Judgment" | "loose employment relationship with CFI. Secondly, in the course of the investigation, Kinsey makes a shocking discovery about her own past when she discovers she has a family she knew nothing about. The case Mac hires Kinsey to investigate is that of Wendell Jaffe, assumed to have died five years previously when his boat, the ""Captain Stanley Lord"", was found drifting off the Baja coast. He left behind a suicide note, a whole bunch of creditors who had invested in what turned out to be a Ponzi scheme, and a family: wife Dana, and sons Michael and Brian. It seemed" |
462 | """J"" Is for Judgment" | certain Jaffe had killed himself to avoid the disgrace and jail sentence which fell instead to his business partner, Carl Eckert, but with no body to prove death, CFI made Dana wait the full statutory five years to presume death before paying out on Jaffe's half million insurance claim, and she has been making ends meet by working as a wedding planner. Michael, now 22, has coped reasonably well with suddenly being the man of the house, and is a new husband and father himself. Eighteen-year-old Brian on the other hand is in a mess, currently residing in juvenile hall. |
463 | """J"" Is for Judgment" | Two months after the insurance money was finally paid, a former colleague of Mac's has spotted a man he is convinced is Jaffe in Viento Negro, Mexico. Mac hires Kinsey to go there and check it out. After a little hotel room breaking and entering, she finds Wendell is now known as Dean DeWitt Huff, travelling with a woman called Renata Huff, who has a residence on the quays in Perdido, near Santa Teresa, as well as a boat of her own. Before Kinsey can prove his identity, they skip out; on the same day, Brian is arrested in the |
464 | """J"" Is for Judgment" | middle of a botched escape attempt in which a female motorist, as well as his three conspirators, are killed. Kinsey is convinced Wendell will be heading back to California to reconnect with his son. Doing a door-to-door back in California, Kinsey is astonished to be asked if she is related to the Burton Kinsey family of Lompoc, as she looks so like them. Kinsey denies the connection, but undertakes a little detective work on her behalf and is amazed to find her mother's father was indeed Burton Kinsey. Far from being family-less, Kinsey has cousins, aunts and a grandmother living |
465 | """J"" Is for Judgment" | less than an hour away. Her cousin Liza shows up to tell her the family scandal: Kinsey's mother was cut off from her family for marrying Kinsey's father. Kinsey is aghast that no one has tried to track her down in the 29 years since her parents were killed and is resentful of any intrusion into her solitude at this late date. Her thoughts are dragged back to the case at hand when through an apparent police clerical error, Brian is suddenly released from prison. Kinsey is certain Wendell has engineered it, and is planning to slip through her fingers |
466 | """J"" Is for Judgment" | "again with Brian. Renata catches Kinsey red-handed searching on her property but when Kinsey turns the tables (and her own gun) on her, Renata admits Wendell is visiting Michael. At last, Kinsey has tracked Jaffe down, but her success is short-lived when someone takes potshots at them both, and Wendell escapes once more. The day after, the ""Captain Stanley Lord"", where Eckert has been living for the past few years, also goes missing while Eckert is away, and when it's found drifting uninhabited a few miles off-shore there's a distinct sense of ""deja-vu"" about Wendell's disappearance. Nevertheless, it's enough for" |
467 | """J"" Is for Judgment" | "CFI: Kinsey has proved Jaffe didn't die and therefore the insurance money can be reclaimed from Dana. But Kinsey is dissatisfied... she wants the truth, and is prepared to pursue it on her own time. She finds Brian, and also finds out from Eckert that there was three million dollars from their fraudulent business scheme on board the missing boat. Renata confesses that she killed Wendell, dumped his body at sea and then set the ""Lord"" adrift, making her way back to shore in her own dinghy. She then wades out into the sea to kill herself, and Kinsey is" |
468 | """K"" Is for Killer" | """K"" Is for Killer is the 11th novel in Sue Grafton's ""Alphabet"" series of mystery novels and features Kinsey Millhone, a private eye based in Santa Teresa, California. The novel was a ""New York Times"" bestseller with a reported 600,000-copy first printing. Vice cop Cheney Phillips is introduced in this novel. Kinsey Millhone is hired by Janice Kepler to investigate the death of her daughter, Lorna Kepler. Lorna had been found dead and badly decomposed ten months earlier in her lonely cabin home. The police at the time suspected it might have been a murder case, but from lack of" |
469 | """K"" Is for Killer" | evidence as to cause of death, the official line was that Lorna died naturally, as a result of an allergic reaction. Now someone has sent Janice a tape of a porn movie Lorna apparently made before her death, and Janice, who has coped badly with her daughter's death, wants Kinsey to find out the truth. Mace, Janice's husband, and her two surviving daughters, Berlyn and Trinny, seem less keen on the investigation, and Mace and Berlyn, in particular, become positively hostile to Kinsey as she sets out to find out what happened to Lorna. With some help from Officer Cheney |
470 | """K"" Is for Killer" | Phillips, Kinsey quickly learns that Lorna, who was a receptionist at the water treatment plant by day, had accumulated a modest fortune as a high class prostitute by night. Lorna was a beautiful loner, but had some friends - mainly people who like her tended to be up and about at night. Kinsey finds herself having to abandon her usual day-time routine in order to get herself into Lorna's world. Lorna's body was found by Serena Bonney, night-shift nurse and estranged wife of Lorna's boss at the water treatment plant, Roger Bonney. Serena's father, Clark Esselmann, is a powerful business |
471 | """K"" Is for Killer" | tycoon with a number of enemies. She also befriends Danielle, a teenage colleague of Lorna's in her night-time occupation, who obliges Kinsey by giving her a badly needed haircut. When Danielle is savagely attacked in her home, Kinsey becomes convinced there's a link to Lorna's death, and her quest to discover the truth becomes more personal. Meanwhile, Kinsey has a terrifying Mafia-style encounter with a man describing himself as an attorney for a Los Angeles man to whom Lorna was engaged. He asks Kinsey to keep him abreast of any developments in the case by giving her a telephone number. |
472 | """K"" Is for Killer" | Kinsey soon uncovers a variety of secrets: Berlyn actually discovered Lorna's body, but kept quiet about in order to lift some of Lorna's money, and also sent her mother the porn video. Leda had bugged Lorna's cabin because she was worried (needlessly, as it turned out) that Lorna and JD were having an affair - and still has the tape. With the help of Lorna's friend, late-night radio DJ Hector Mereno, Kinsey transcribes a phone conversation Lorna had before her death which seems to have upset Lorna, but she can't make sense of it until Clark Esselmann is electrocuted in |
473 | """K"" Is for Killer" | his swimming pool. Kinsey realizes that the conversation on the tape is someone telling Lorna the plot - and surmises that having objected to it, Lorna was killed so that the plot could still be carried out. Her suspicions turn to Stubby Stockton, a business opponent of Esselmann's, and to Roger Bonney, since Kinsey now knows, from Berlyn's admission of the discovery of the body, that Lorna was already dead when Roger claimed he spoke to her for the last time. He is also the one with the necessary knowledge and access to his father-in-law's pool to have set up |
474 | """K"" Is for Killer" | the electrocution. The final link in the chain is when Kinsey, in the course of cleaning up Danielle's trashed apartment while she's still in hospital, finds a photo of Lorna and Danielle with Stockton and Bonney. Kinsey talks to Cheney about her suspicions of Roger, but he points out there is no evidence. Frustrated that Bonney is likely to get away with murder, Kinsey is further infuriated by learning that Danielle has died in hospital. Impulsively, she phones the secret number and reports that Bonney is the killer. Overcome with guilt, she immediately tries to warn him, but he misunderstands, |
475 | """K"" Is for Killer" | "thinking she has come to confront him with the murder, and stuns her with a tazer. While Kinsey lies powerless on the floor, the Mafia types arrive and escort Bonney away. In the epilogue, Kinsey discusses the enormity of what she has done, disclosing that Roger Bonney was never seen again. She ends on an existential note, wondering if she can return from the ""shadows"" she has strayed into. It was originally going to be titled """"K"" Is for Kidnap"", until Sue Grafton's initial research revealed that kidnapping was a federal crime and realized that the FBI would never consult" |
476 | """King"" Bennie Nawahi" | """King"" Bennie Nawahi (July 3, 1899 – January 29, 1985) was an American steel guitarist from Hawaii who was popular in the U.S. during the 1920s and 1930s. Benjamin Keakahiawa Nawahi was born in Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii, one of 12 children. While not of royal descent, he was eventually nicknamed ""King"" as many show business personalities are for their particular genre. Nawahi learned to play guitar in the parks of Honolulu for pennies, often teaming with Sol Hoʻopiʻi, who would later become his rival for the title ""King of the Hawaiian Guitar"", along with Sam Ku West. He was" |
477 | """King"" Bennie Nawahi" | "also known as ""King of the Ukulele"". In 1919 Nawahi played with his brother Joe's band, the Hawaiian Novelty Five, on the Matsonia passenger liner that sailed between Honolulu and San Francisco. The group eventually became a staple on the Orpheum vaudeville circuit's North America tour. Bennie Nawahi separated from the group and embarked on a solo career as a singing ukulele player. Master showman Sid Grauman proclaimed him ""King of the Ukulele"" and the nickname stuck. In 1920 an act of the United States Congress established ""Hawaii National Park"" (later split into Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park and Haleakalā National" |
478 | """King"" Bennie Nawahi" | "Park), shining a spotlight on the islands. The 1920s became a heydey for all things Hawaiian, including novelty acts of the vaudeville genre. Among Nawahi's novelty stunts was playing ""Turkey in the Straw"" on Hawaiian guitar with his feet. Tin Pan Alley went with the Hawaii craze and between 1915 and 1929 produced such ditties as ""Hello Hawaii How Are You?"" (1915) (when many pronounced the state's name as How-Wah-Yah), ""Oh How She Could Yacki Hacki Wiki Wacki Woo"" (1916), ""Hula Hula Dream Girl"" (1924) and ""That Aloha Waltz"" (1928). There is some evidence Bennie Nawahi also used the name" |
479 | """King"" Bennie Nawahi" | """J. Nawahi"", as the Victor Library lists the tune ""Hula Blues"" by ""J. Nawahi (instrumentalist : steel guitar)"". By 1928 Nawahi had begun recording for multiple record labels, including Columbia, Victor, Q.R.S. and Grey Gull, under multiple names (including Red Devils, Q.R.S. Boys, Slim Smith, Hawaiian Beach Combers, Georgia Jumpers, Four Hawaiian Guitars and King Nawahi & the International Cowboys), with bandmates that included soon to be Sons of the Pioneers, Tim Spencer (singer) and Leonard Slye (later to become cowboy star Roy Rogers). One night in 1935 while driving home from a performance, Nawahi was suddenly struck blind. No" |
480 | """King"" Bennie Nawahi" | "medical cause was ever identified. The loss of vision was permanent, but he never allowed it to impede his life, as he continued performing and touring until the 1970s, when he was partially paralyzed by a stroke. Nawahi set a remarkable swimming record for blind people in 1946. He swam the 22 miles of choppy Pacific Ocean waters from San Pedro, California to Santa Catalina Island in just over 22 hours, guided only by coach John Sonnichson and a bell on a lead boat. He appeared briefly in the 1985 Academy Award-nominated documentary film on Roy Smeck, ""Wizard of the" |
481 | """L"" Is for Lawless" | """L"" Is for Lawless is the 12th novel in Sue Grafton's ""Alphabet"" series of mystery novels and features Kinsey Millhone, a private eye based in Santa Teresa, California. Kinsey is asked by her landlord Henry Pitts to help out Bucky, the grandson of their recently deceased neighbor Johnny Lee. Bucky is trying to ensure his grandfather has a military burial. Ray Rawson and Gilbert Hays, old acquaintances of Johnny Lee, turn up unexpectedly and are interested in the meager contents of Johnny's garage apartment. The two are at cross-purposes, seeking the proceeds of a bank robbery they committed together with" |
482 | """L"" Is for Lawless" | Johnny forty years ago. Gilbert, a violent psychopath, pursues Ray, Kinsey and Laura Huckaby (Ray's daughter and Gilbert's common-law wife) from Santa Teresa to Dallas, TX to Louisville, KY, in search of the money buried in a secret location by Johnny before his death. Catching up with them in Louisville, Gilbert takes Laura hostage to force Ray and Kinsey to piece together Johnny's clues and find the stash. Gilbert, intending to double-cross Ray after it is found, finds himself double-crossed by Ray, who had surreptitiously disabled his firearm. Shooting Gilbert dead to avenge all the deaths he is responsible for, |
483 | """Left-Wing"" Communism: An Infantile Disorder" | """Left-Wing"" Communism: An Infantile Disorder (, ) is a work by Vladimir Lenin attacking assorted critics of the Bolsheviks who claimed positions to their left. Most of these critics were proponents of ideologies later described as left communism. The book was written in 1920 and published in Russian, German, English and French later in the year. A copy was then distributed to each delegate at the 2nd World Congress of the Comintern, several of whom were mentioned by Lenin in the work. Lenin's manuscript was subtitled ""A Popular Exposition of Marxist Strategy and Tactics"", but this was not applied to" |
484 | """Left-Wing"" Communism: An Infantile Disorder" | "any edition brought out during his lifetime. The book is divided into ten chapters and an appendix. Lenin points out that the Russian Revolution has considerable international significance, and criticises the leaders of the Second International, including Karl Kautsky, for failing to recognize the international relevance of Soviet power as a revolutionary model. To illustrate their move away from revolutionary politics, he supplies a quote from a 1902 work of Kautsky which concludes that ""Western Europe is becoming a bulwark of reaction and absolutism in Russia."" Lenin asserts that in a war against the bourgeoisie, ""iron discipline"" is an ""essential" |
485 | """Left-Wing"" Communism: An Infantile Disorder" | "condition"". He then describes the circumstances which led the Bolsheviks to this conclusion in their success at taking state power in Russia. The third chapter divides the history of Bolshevism into the ""years of preparation of the revolution"" (1903–05), the ""years of revolution"" (1905–07), the ""years of reaction"" (1907–10), the ""years of rise"" (1910–14), the ""first imperialist world war"" (1914–17) and the ""second revolution in Russia"". He describes the changing circumstances for revolutionaries in Russia and the reaction of the Bolsheviks to them. Lenin describes the enemies of the working class as opportunists, petty-bourgeois revolutionaries, which he links to anarchism," |
486 | """Left-Wing"" Communism: An Infantile Disorder" | "and the ""Left"" Bolsheviks (expelled from the Bolshevik group in 1909), whom he links with those who criticised the Peace of Brest-Litovsk. He ends by criticizing the Mensheviks, Socialist Revolutionaries and members of the Socialist International who were prepared to compromise with the German leaders in defence of a capitalist system. The fifth, sixth and seventh chapters discuss a section of the Communist Party of Germany which split between the writing of the document and its publication to form the Communist Workers Party of Germany (KAPD). As an example, he takes Karl Erler's article ""The Dissolution of the Party"". Lenin" |
487 | """Left-Wing"" Communism: An Infantile Disorder" | "criticised the group's anti-trade union attitude, their anti-parliamentarism and Erler's proposal of a dictatorship of the masses as a counterpoint to the ""dictatorship of the party"" he claims the Russian Revolution has led to. Lenin notes that the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) rely on the Russian trade unions, and that a reactionary labour aristocracy is inevitable, but must be fought within the union movement. In contrast to the KAPD, he holds that so long as much of the proletariat holds illusions in parliaments, that communists must work inside such reactionary organisations. Lenin then compares the anti-Parliamentarism of the Dutch left, and" |
488 | """Left-Wing"" Communism: An Infantile Disorder" | "of Amadeo Bordiga. He then criticises the slogan ""no compromises"", noting that the Bolsheviks had made many compromises in their history. He believes that this is using theory as dogma, rather than as a ""guide to action"". Lenin also criticises National Bolshevism and some lefts for not recognising the Treaty of Versailles. Lenin critiques the Workers Socialist Federation's opposition to Parliamentary action, and in particular, to affiliation to the Labour Party, through texts written by Sylvia Pankhurst and Willie Gallacher. He proposes that all the main socialist groups in the country should form a Communist Party of Great Britain, and" |
489 | """Left-Wing"" Communism: An Infantile Disorder" | "that they should offer an electoral coalition with Labour. He concludes that the party would gain whether or not Labour accepted the offer. In a famous turn of phrase, he says that they should support Labour General Secretary Arthur Henderson ""in the same way as the rope supports a hanged man"". Lenin concludes that in each country, communism must struggle against Menshevism and ""Left-Wing"" communism. He claims that communism has already won over the vanguard of the workers, but that to win over the masses, it must relate to the differences between the Hendersons, the Lloyd Georges (liberals) and the" |
490 | """Left-Wing"" Communism: An Infantile Disorder" | "Churchills (conservatives). Despite certain defeats, he believes that the communist movement is ""developing magnificently"". He describes ""Left-Wing"" communism as the same mistake as that of the social democrats, but ""the other way round"", that it must be corrected, and that because ""Left-Wing"" communism is only a young trend, it is ""at present a thousand times less dangerous and less significant than the mistakes of Right doctrinairism"". Several appendices were added to the document before publication, in response to new developments in Germany around the formation of the KAPD and new studies by Lenin of the Italian left. A final appendix" |
491 | """Left-Wing"" Communism: An Infantile Disorder" | acknowledged a letter on behalf of the Communist Party of Holland, David Wijnkoop complaining that the positions Lenin accorded to their organisation were only those of a minority in the group. Lenin invited Pankhurst and Gallagher to the Second Conference of the Comintern. He convinced them to argue for their party, by then renamed the Communist Party (British Section of the Third International), to join the Communist Party of Great Britain. The CP(BSTI) did join, and Gallagher remained a loyal member, although Pankhurst was expelled from the CPGB in 1921 and subsequently allied her remaining group with the KAPD, supporting |
492 | """Left-Wing"" Communism: An Infantile Disorder" | "the Communist Workers' International. Herman Gorter replied to Lenin in an Open Letter, arguing that the smaller numbers of peasants in Western Europe constituted a key difference to the class struggle to that in Russia. In the introduction, he stated: ""It has taught me a great deal, as all your writings have done ... Many a trace, and many a germ of this infantile disease, to which without a doubt, I also am a victim, has been chased away by your brochure, or will yet be eradicated by it. Your observations about the confusion that revolution has caused in many" |
493 | """Left-Wing"" Communism: An Infantile Disorder" | "brains, is quite right too. I know that. The revolution came so suddenly, and in a way so utterly different from what we expected. Your words will be an incentive to me, once again, and to an even greater extent than before, to base my judgement in all matters of tactics, also in the revolution, exclusively on reality, on the actual class-relations, as they manifest themselves politically and economically. ""After having read your brochure I thought all this is right. ""But after having considered for a long time whether I would cease to uphold this ""Left Wing"", and to write" |
494 | """Little"" North Western Railway" | "The North Western Railway (NWR) was an early British railway company in the north-west of England. It was commonly known as the ""Little"" North Western Railway, to distinguish it from the larger London and North Western Railway (LNWR). The NWR was first leased, and later taken over, by the Midland Railway (MR). The MR used part of the line for its London to Scotland Settle and Carlisle main line. The NWR main line, which ran from Skipton in the West Riding of Yorkshire to Morecambe on the Lancashire coast, gave the MR access to the west coast in an area" |
495 | """Little"" North Western Railway" | dominated by the rival LNWR. Part of the line, between Lancaster and Morecambe, was used in the early twentieth century for pioneering overhead electrification. Two-thirds of the line, in North Yorkshire, is still in use today, mainly for local services. Of the dismantled Lancashire section, two-thirds has been reused as a combined cyclepath and footpath. The North Western Railway was incorporated on 26 June 1846 to build a railway from on the Leeds and Bradford Extension Railway to on the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway, to carry Yorkshire-to-Scotland rail traffic. There would be a branch at Clapham, Yorkshire to Lancaster, to |
496 | """Little"" North Western Railway" | make an end-on connection with an associated company. The Morecambe Harbour and Railway Company was incorporated on 16 July 1846 to build a harbour on Morecambe Bay, close to the village of Poulton-le-Sands, and of railway to a new station at . The single-track line opened on Whit Monday 12 June 1848. On 18 December 1849 a short connecting curve opened between Lancaster Green Ayre and on the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway. The company amalgamated with the NWR within months of its incorporation, although technically it remained a separate company until absorption by the Midland Railway on 1 June 1871. |
497 | """Little"" North Western Railway" | The railway and harbour on Morecambe Bay led to the development of a settlement around them which absorbed Poulton-le-Sands, and later Bare and Torrisholme, and which eventually adopted the name of Morecambe. What was the original 'main line' opened between and Ingleton, on 31 July 1849. However, due to economic recession, work on the Ingleton-to-Low Gill section was suspended, so the NWR was forced to concentrate on the branch to Lancaster. Soon after, the line eastwards along the Lune valley from to opened on 17 November 1849. The line extended further east to by 2 May 1850 and finally to |
498 | """Little"" North Western Railway" | where it joined the already completed line from Skipton, a month later on 1 June 1850. A horse bus had been used to bridge the gap between Wennington and Clapham during construction. Upon completion of the Morecambe-to-Skipton line, the Clapham-to-Ingleton section was closed, just ten months after opening, as the prospect of completion of the partly built branch to Low Gill seemed remote. The whole line was originally single track. By 1850, the -to- section had been doubled, extending to Skipton by 1853. However, Morecambe-to-Lancaster remained single track until 1877, and Lancaster-to-Hornby until 1889. The curve between the two Lancaster |
499 | """Little"" North Western Railway" | stations was never doubled. From 1 June 1852, the NWR was worked by the Midland Railway (MR). Later, on 1 January 1859, both the NWR and the MH&R were leased to the MR, and on 30 July 1874 the NWR was absorbed by the MR. After considerable manoeuvring between rival companies, in 1857 it was the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway, worked by the London and North Western Railway (LNWR), that was authorised to take over construction of the abandoned Ingleton-to-Low Gill line. The line opened to passengers on 16 September 1861, but to the LNWR's own station at Ingleton. The |