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Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/12/2023, 13:10:10</t0> The history of the settlement of the local people of Anglesey starts in the <e0>Mesolithic</e0> period. Anglesey and the UK were uninhabitable until after the previous ice age. It was not until 12,000 years ago that the island of Great Britain became hospitable.[22] The oldest excavated sites on Anglesey include Trwyn Du (Welsh: Black nose) at Aberffraw. The Mesolithic site located at Aberffraw Bay (Porth Terfyn) was buried underneath a Bronze Age 'kerb cairn' which was constructed c. 2,000 BC. The bowl barrow (kerb cairn) covered a material deposited from the early Mesolithic period; the archeological find dates to 7,000 BC.[23][24] After millennia of hunter-gather civilisation in the British Isles, the first villages were constructed from 4000 BC. Neolithic settlements were built in the form of long houses, on Anglesey is one of the first villages in Wales, it was built at Llanfaethlu.[25] Also an example permanent settlement on Anglesey is of a Bronze Age built burial mound, Bryn Celli Ddu (English: Dark Grove Hill). The mound started as a henge enclosure around 3000 BC and was adapted several times over a millennium.[26][27]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/08/2023, 20:47:57</t0> Arturo Martini (1889–1947) was a leading Italian sculptor between <e0>World War I</e0> and <e1>II</e1>. He moved between a very vigorous (almost ancient Roman) classicism and modernism. He was associated with public sculpture in fascist Italy, but later renounced his medium altogether.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/26/2023, 12:28:39</t0> During the <e0>Second World War</e0>, Denmark was invaded and occupied by Nazi Germany. The British subsequently made a pre-emptive invasion and occupation of the Faroes, known as Operation Valentine, to prevent a German invasion. Given their strategic location in the North Atlantic, the Faroes could have proved useful to Germany in the Battle of the Atlantic, possibly as a submarine base. Instead, the British forces built an airbase on Vágar, which is still in use as Vágar Airport. Faroese fishing boats also provided a large amount of fish to the UK, which was crucial given food rationing.[21]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/27/2023, 07:01:58</t0> The earliest trace of human habitation near Oftringen is scattered <e0>mesolithic</e0> era finds. A Roman era farm at the intersection of two roads and scattered Alamanni settlements have also been found. The modern municipality of Oftringen is first mentioned in 924 as Ofteringa.[3] The village was under the Herschaft of the Counts of Frohburg from the Middle Ages until 1299, when they came under Habsburg authority. Following the Bernese conquest of the Aargau in 1415 it belonged to the Amt or township of Aarburg. It remained part of Bern until 1798. Under the guidance of Bern, in 1528 the Protestant Reformation entered the village. In 1667 an ecclesiastical court was set up in the village. In 1663 the first schoolhouse was built, and in 1740 a second one was added in the hamlet of Küngoldingen. The district school was built in 1969–70.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/04/2019, 20:51:46</t0> In 1933, the Nazis stripped Schocken of his German citizenship. They forced him to sell his German enterprises to Merkur AG, but he managed to recover some of his property after <e0>World War II</e0>.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/26/2022, 17:44:42</t0> Newby played his junior and senior years of high school prep basketball under head coach Rob Fulford at Mountain State Academy in Beckley, West Virginia. As a junior, his team finished with a record of 29–7 and was considered one of the top-30 in the United States. In Newby's final season, he averaged 10 points, 7 assists, 3 rebounds, and 2 steals, leading the Falcons to a 22–4 record in 2010.[2] Mountain State was ranked within the top-25 high school teams in the country by <e0>USA Today Sports</e0>.[3] He took part in the West Virginia State Scott Brown Memorial Classic All-Star Game and was ranked by ESPN as a two-star recruit and the 103rd best point guard of the Class of 2010.[3][4]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/21/2023, 19:47:51</t0> Now is Tuesday, December 5, <e0>2023</e0>, 08:10 (GMT). Currently there are 6,752,275 articles on the English version of Wikipedia.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/20/2023, 16:19:44</t0> The 1,260 metres (4,130 ft) stone rubble seawall built in 1882, which had been buried by dunes and largely forgotten, played a role in reducing damage to the town by <e0>Hurricane Sandy</e0>.[30][31]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/04/2023, 16:24:37</t0> Zen (Chinese: 禪; pinyin: Chán; Japanese: 禅, romanized: zen; Korean: 선, romanized: Seon; Vietnamese: Thiền) is a school of Mahayana Buddhism that originated in China during the <e0>Tang dynasty</e0> as the Chan School (Chánzong 禪宗, "meditation school") or the Buddha-mind school (foxin zong),"[1] and later developed into various sub-schools and branches. From China, Chán spread south to Vietnam and became Vietnamese Thiền, northeast to Korea to become Seon Buddhism, and east to Japan, becoming Japanese Zen[2]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/04/2023, 16:24:37</t0> During the <e0>Tang dynasty</e0>, gōng'àn (Jp. kōan) literature became popular. Literally meaning "public case", they were stories or dialogues, describing teachings and interactions between Zen masters and their students. These anecdotes give a demonstration of the master's insight. Kōan are meant to illustrate the non-conceptual insight (prajña) that the Buddhist teachings point to. During the Sòng dynasty, a new meditation method was popularized by figures such as Dahui, which was called kanhua chan ("observing the phrase" meditation), which referred to contemplation on a single word or phrase (called the huatou, "critical phrase") of a gōng'àn.[54] In Chinese Chan and Korean Seon, this practice of "observing the huatou" (hwadu in Korean) is a widely practiced method.[55] It was taught by the influential Seon master Chinul (1158–1210), and modern Chinese masters like Sheng Yen and Xuyun. Yet, while Dahui famously criticised "silent illumination,"[56][57] he nevertheless "did not completely condemn quiet-sitting; in fact, he seems to have recommended it, at least to his monastic disciples."[56]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/04/2023, 16:24:37</t0> A widely practiced ritual in Chinese Chan is variously called the "Rite for releasing the hungry ghosts" or the "Releasing flaming mouth". The ritual might date back to the <e0>Tang dynasty</e0>, and was very popular during the Ming and Qing dynasties, when Chinese Esoteric Buddhist practices became diffused throughout Chinese Buddhism.[97] The Chinese holiday of the Ghost Festival might also be celebrated with similar rituals for the dead. These ghost rituals are a source of contention in modern Chinese Chan, and masters such as Sheng Yen criticize the practice for not having "any basis in Buddhist teachings".[98]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/04/2023, 16:24:37</t0> In Chinese Chan, the usage of esoteric mantras in Zen goes back to the <e0>Tang dynasty</e0>. There is evidence that Chan Buddhists adopted practices from Chinese Esoteric Buddhism in findings from Dunhuang.[108] According to Henrik Sørensen, several successors of Shenxiu (such as Jingxian and Yixing) were also students of the Zhenyan (Mantra) school.[109] Influential esoteric dhāraṇī, such as the Uṣṇīṣa Vijaya Dhāraṇī Sūtra and the Nīlakaṇṭha Dhāraṇī, also begin to be cited in the literature of the Baotang school during the Tang dynasty.[110] Many mantras have been preserved since the Tang period and continue to be practiced in modern Chan monasteries. One common example is the Śūraṅgama Mantra, which has been heavily propagated by various prominent Chan monks, such as Venerable Hsuan Hua who founded the City of Ten Thousand Buddhas.[111] Another example of esoteric rituals practiced by the Chan school is the Mengshan Rite for Feeding Hungry Ghosts, which is practiced by both monks and laypeople during the Hungry Ghost Festival.[112][113][114] Chan repentance rituals, such as the Liberation Rite of Water and Land, also involve various esoteric aspects, including the invocation of esoteric deities such as the Five Wisdom Buddhas and the Ten Wisdom Kings.[115][116]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/04/2023, 16:24:37</t0> Chinese Linji school was founded during the <e0>Tang dynasty</e0> by Linji Yixuan. It became the most influential school of Chan during the Song dynasty. It was known for its numerous collections of gongans (Jp: koans), literary stories of past enlightened masters. Since the Song, the hallmark of the school became the contemplation of koans in meditation. This was introcuded by Dahui Zonggao (1089–1163) as "kanhua chan" ("observing the huatou" chan), in which one contemplates a specific phrase or word called the huatou (critical phrase).[162]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/04/2023, 16:24:37</t0> Proto-Chán (c. 500–600) encompasses the Southern and Northern Dynasties period (420 to 589) and Sui Dynasty (589–618 CE). In this phase, Chán developed in multiple locations in northern China. It was based on the practice of dhyana and is connected to the figures of Bodhidharma, Seng-fu and Huike, though there is little actual historical information about these early figures and most legendary stories about their life come from later, mostly <e0>Tang</e0> sources. What is known is that they were considered Mahayana meditation masters.[239][145]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/04/2023, 16:24:37</t0> However, modern scholars have seen much of the literature that presents these "iconoclastic" encounters as being later revisions during the <e0>Song era</e0>, and instead see the Hongzhou masters as not being very radical, instead promoting pretty conservative ideas, such as keeping precepts, accumulating good karma and practicing meditation.[248] The school did produce innovative teachings and perspectives such as Mazu's views that "this mind is Buddha" and that "ordinary mind is the way", which were also critiqued by later figures, such as the influential Guifeng Zongmi (780–841), for failing to differentiate between ignorance and enlightenment.[249]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/04/2023, 16:24:37</t0> In the beginning of the <e0>Qing Dynasty</e0>, Chán was "reinvented", by the "revival of beating and shouting practices" by Miyun Yuanwu (1566–1642), and the publication of the Wudeng yantong ("The strict transmission of the five Chan schools") by Feiyin Tongrong's (1593–1662), a dharma heir of Miyun Yuanwu. The book placed self-proclaimed Chan monks without proper Dharma transmission in the category of "lineage unknown" (sifa weixiang), thereby excluding several prominent Caodong monks.[266]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>01/01/2023, 12:02:57</t0> Outlander is a television drama series based on the Outlander series of historical time travel novels by Diana Gabaldon. Developed by Ronald D. Moore and produced by Sony Pictures Television and Left Bank Pictures for Starz, the show premiered on August 9, 2014. It stars Caitríona Balfe as Claire Randall, a married former <e0>World War II</e0> nurse, later surgeon, who in 1946 finds herself transported back to the Scotland of 1743 where she meets and falls in love with the dashing Highland warrior Jamie Fraser (Sam Heughan) and becomes embroiled in the Jacobite risings.[1][2]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/29/2023, 16:34:01</t0> Irish pubs underwent a major transformation during the 19th century when a growing temperance movement in Ireland forced publicans to diversify their businesses to compensate for declining spirit sales. Thus, the 'Spirit grocery' was established. Pub owners combined the running of the pub with a grocery, hardware or other ancillary business on the same premises (in some cases, publicans also acted as undertakers, and this unusual combination is still common in the Republic of Ireland).[3][4] Spirit groceries continued to operate through <e0>World War I</e0> when British law limited the number of hours that pubs could operate.[5] Some spirit groceries continued after the war, only closing in the 1960s when supermarkets and grocery chain stores arrived. With the arrival of increased competition in the retail sector, many pubs lost the retail end of their business and concentrated solely on the licensed trade. Many pubs in Ireland still resemble grocer's shops of the mid-nineteenth century, with the bar counter and rear shelving taking up the majority of the space in the main bar area, apparently leaving little room for customers. This seemingly counter-productive arrangement is a design artefact dating from earlier operation as a spirit grocery and also accounts for the differing external appearance of British and Irish pubs. Spirit grocers in Northern Ireland were forced to choose between either the retail or the licensed trades upon the partition of Ireland in 1922, so this pub type can no longer be found in the North.[2]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/27/2023, 14:09:25</t0> Kennedy's biggest hit series were You Don't Say! which aired on NBC from 1963 to 1969, and on ABC in 1975; Split Second (1972–75); Name That Tune (1974–81); and Password Plus, which he hosted from 1980 to 1982 following the illness (and later death) of original host Allen Ludden. His other hosting credits include The Big Game (1958), Dr. I.Q. (1958–59), It's Your Bet (1971–72), Break the Bank (1976), 50 Grand Slam (1976), To Say the Least (1977–78), Whew! (1979–80), Body Language (1984–86), a syndicated nighttime version of The Price Is Right (1985–86) and <e0>Wordplay</e0> (1986–87).[citation needed] He briefly hosted a talk show, The Real Tom Kennedy Show, in the early 1970s, and appeared as a guest panelist on To Tell the Truth, Hollywood Squares, Liar's Club and other game shows.[citation needed] As an actor, he made guest appearances on such shows as The Ghost &amp; Mrs. Muir, Rowan &amp; Martin's Laugh-In, Cannon and Hardcastle and McCormick.[citation needed]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/04/2023, 17:19:30</t0> Adventuresoft was remodelled as Adventure Soft Publishing in 1992,[1][2] although the company wasn't incorporated until 1998[13] and the company continued to be referred to as Adventuresoft in the gaming press.[14][15][16] The company continuing the trend towards more graphical gaming with the release of Simon the Sorcerer, their most successful game.[2] The game uses a new engine, the "Adventure Graphic Operating System", written by Alan Cox and based on AberMUD.[2] It also includes voice acting from Roger Blake and Chris Barrie as Simon[14] who played Arnold Rimmer in <e0>Red Dwarf</e0>. Barrie was replaced by Brian Bowles for the sequel when Barrie’s fees became unaffordable.[2] In 1997 Adventure Soft released The Feeble Files, with the lead character being voiced by Robert Llewellyn[2] who played Kryten also in Red Dwarf.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/14/2023, 06:33:06</t0> McCurry's career was launched when, disguised in Afghani garb, he crossed the Pakistan border into rebel-controlled areas of Afghanistan just before the Soviet invasion.[5] "As soon as I crossed the border, I came across about 40 houses and a few schools that were just bombed out," he says. He left with rolls of film sewn into his turban and stuffed in his socks and underwear.[4] These images were subsequently published by The New York Times, <e0>Time</e0> and Paris Match[6] and won him the Robert Capa Gold Medal for Best Photographic Reporting from Abroad.[7]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/14/2023, 06:33:06</t0> When discussing the issue with a writer for <e0>Time</e0>'s Lightbox website, McCurry provided similar comments about being a "visual storyteller", though without suggesting that the manipulation was done by others without his knowledge. In fact, the <e1>Time</e1> writer made the following statement, "Faced with mounting evidence of his own manipulations, McCurry has been forced to address his position in photography." In neither interview did he discuss when the heavy photo manipulation began, or which images have been manipulated. However, considering the controversy it has created, he said that "going forward, I am committed to only using the program in a minimal way, even for my own work taken on personal trips."[25] McCurry also offered the following conclusion to Time Lightbox, "Reflecting on the situation ... even though I felt that I could do what I wanted to my own pictures in an aesthetic and compositional sense, I now understand how confusing it must be for people who think I'm still a photojournalist."

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/14/2023, 10:37:21</t0> The translation process of the Septuagint and from the Septuagint into other versions can be divided into several stages: the Greek text was produced within the social environment of Hellenistic Judaism, and completed by 132 BCE. With the spread of <e0>Early Christianity</e0>, this Septuagint in turn was rendered into Latin in a variety of versions and the latter, collectively known as the Vetus Latina, were also referred to as the Septuagint[30][31][32] initially in Alexandria but elsewhere as well.[17] The Septuagint also formed the basis for the Slavonic, Syriac, Old Armenian, Old Georgian, and Coptic versions of the Christian Old Testament.[33]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/14/2023, 10:37:21</t0> The <e0>Early Christian</e0> church used the Greek texts,[15] since Greek was a lingua franca of the Roman Empire at the time and the language of the Greco-Roman Church, while Aramaic was the language of Syriac Christianity. The relationship between the apostolic use of the Septuagint and the Hebrew texts is complicated. Although the Septuagint seems to have been a major source for the Apostles, it is not the only one. St. Jerome offered, for example, Matthew 2:15 and 2:23, John 19:3,[58] John 7:38,[59] and 1 Corinthians 2:9[60][61] as examples found in Hebrew texts but not in the Septuagint. Matthew 2:23 is not present in current Masoretic tradition either; according to Jerome, however, it was in Isaiah 11:1. The New Testament writers freely used the Greek translation when citing the Jewish scriptures (or quoting Jesus doing so), implying that Jesus, his apostles, and their followers considered it reliable.[62][34][15]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/15/2023, 23:16:36</t0> Television series which originated in Taiwan and began in the year <e0>2011</e0>.Shows that originated in other countries and only later aired in Taiwan should be removed from this category.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>03/30/2020, 07:09:35</t0> In Washington, D.C., protesters presented a sympathetic Senate leadership with a petition for the Equal Rights Amendment at the U.S. Capitol. Influential news sources such as <e0>Time</e0> also supported the cause of the protestors.[49] Soon after the strike took place, activists distributed literature across the country as well.[50] In 1970, congressional hearings began on the ERA.[51]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/20/2023, 17:49:31</t0> The main feud, a staged rivalry between wrestlers, heading into the event from the Raw brand was between John Cena and Randy Orton. On the July 23 episode of Raw, Jonathan Coachman announced Orton as the number one contender to the WWE Championship. Over the proceeding weeks, Orton provoked Cena by interfering and attacking him during his matches. From SmackDown!, the predominant feud was between The Great Khali and Batista. After Khali defeated Batista and Kane in a Triple Threat match, Theodore Long booked Khali to defend the <e0>World Heavyweight Championship</e0> against Batista at SummerSlam. The primary feud from ECW was between John Morrison and CM Punk. By defeating Morrison in a 15 Minutes of Fame match, Punk became the number one contender to the ECW Championship at SummerSlam.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/20/2023, 17:49:31</t0> The main storyline on the SmackDown! brand was between The Great Khali and Batista over the <e0>World Heavyweight Championship</e0>. On the July 6 episode of SmackDown!, Khali issued an open challenge for a match at The Great American Bash, which was accepted by Batista later that night.[19] On SmackDown! the following week, the match between Khali and Batista was made official after a contract signing.[20] That same night, then-World Heavyweight Champion Edge, who was scheduled to face Kane for the title at The Great American Bash, suffered a legitimate injury—a left pectoral muscle tear—after Kane interrupted his Mardi Gras style celebration.[21] On the July 20 episode of SmackDown!, Edge was forced to vacate the World Heavyweight Championship due to the severity of his injury.[21][22] He later commented-

Documents Creation Time: <t0>03/17/2022, 10:07:36</t0> If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a <e0>wiki</e0>, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the Edit this page link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/04/2023, 09:55:34</t0> Llull has appeared in the art and literature of the last century, especially in the genres of <e0>surrealism</e0>, philosophical fantasy, and metafiction. Salvador Dalí's alchemical thought was influenced by Ramon Llull and Dalí incorporated the diagrams from the Lullian Art into his work called Alchimie des Philosophes.[55] In 1937 Jorge Luis Borges wrote a snippet called "Ramon Llull' s Thinking Machine" proposing the Lullian Art as a device to produce poetry.[56] Other notable references to Ramon Llull are: Aldous Huxley's short story "The Death of Lully", a fictionalized account aftermath of Llull's stoning in Tunis, set aboard the Genoese ship that returned him to Mallorca.[57] Paul Auster refers to Llull (as Raymond Lull) in his memoir The Invention of Solitude in the second part, The Book of Memory. Llull is also a major character in The Box of Delights, a children's novel by poet John Masefield.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/30/2023, 19:48:37</t0> Foujita spent three years voyaging through South and North America before returning to Japan in 1933. Foujita became an official war artist during <e0>World War II</e0>, illustrating battle scenes and raise the morale of the Japanese troops. His oil paintings won him acclaim during the war, but the public's view of him turned negative in the wake of the Japanese defeat.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/30/2023, 19:48:37</t0> 1914 marked the outbreak of <e0>World War I</e0> and the beginning of a complicated period for Foujita. Many foreign artists left Paris to fight in the war. Most Japanese artists also chose to return home. However, after having purchased a plot of land on the outskirts of Paris where they built a modest home, Foujita and Kawashima decided to stay.[18] In the coming months, the two artists would work as volunteers, alongside sculptor Ossip Zadkine, for the Red Cross.[18] In September, they returned to their home to find it destroyed. Additionally, Foujita had a financially difficult time because his father was no longer able to send him his annuity due to the war.[18]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/30/2023, 19:48:37</t0> When Foujita returned to Paris in 1930, he was still short on funds,[37] and shared a place with Robert Desnos who he had met in 1928. During this time, Foujita experimented with painting in a more <e0>surrealist</e0> style. By 1931, Youki and Desnos had become a couple,[38] and Foujita, who continued to have problems with his back taxes[39] and suffered bankruptcy[40] left for South America with Madeleine Lequeux,[41] a former dancer known as Mady Dormans who worked at the Casino de Paris.[39]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/30/2023, 19:48:37</t0> Upon return to Tokyo, Foujita dedicated himself to his new path as an artist dedicated solely to the war effort, which included trading in his signature bowl cut for the sobriety of a shaved head.[54]: 172  He became the nation's leading war artist during <e0>World War II</e0>,[58] overseeing special exhibits for the military.[59] He was also one of the most prolific war painters,[60] He received important commissions, like the enormously-praised Battle of Nomonhan, painted in 1941, a painting measuring nearly 1.5 x 4.5 meters.[54]: 175 

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/23/2023, 06:05:53</t0> Economist Jeffrey Sachs described the United States as a corporatocracy in The Price of Civilization (2011).[10] He suggested that it arose from four trends: weak national parties and strong political representation of individual districts, the large U.S. military establishment after <e0>World War II</e0>, large corporations using money to finance election campaigns, and globalization tilting the balance of power away from workers.[10]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/23/2023, 06:05:53</t0> Clara E. Mattei, assistant professor of economics at the New School for Social Research, posits that austerity is less of a means to "fix the economy" and is more of an ideological weapon of class oppression wielded by economic and political elites in order to suppress revolts and unrest by the working class public and close off any alternatives to the capitalist system. She traces the origins of modern austerity to post-<e0>World War I</e0> Britain and Italy, when it served as a "powerful counteroffensive" to rising working class agitation and anti-capitalist sentiment. In this, she quotes British economist G. D. H. Cole writing on the British response to the economic downturn of 1921:

Documents Creation Time: <t0>02/14/2022, 23:08:18</t0> During <e0>World War II</e0> when China was fighting the Japanese invasion, Chiang Kai-shek published a book titled China's Destiny  [zh] on 10 March 1943, with a slogan that "Without the Kuomintang there would be no China." The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) published an editorial entitled "Without the Communist Party there would be no China" in the Jiefang Daily on 25 August 1943 to criticize the book, concluding that "If today's China had no Communist Party of China, there would be no new China." In October 1943, Cao Huoxing [zh], a 19-year-old member of the Communist Party of China, created the lyrics for "Without the Communist Party There Would Be No New China", based on this.[citation needed]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/14/2023, 19:57:42</t0> Near the end of the <e0>Second World War</e0> U.S. policy makers began to experiment on a broader level. In the 1940s, working with the British government, the United States developed two innovations to expand and govern trade among nations: the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the International Trade Organization (ITO). GATT was a temporary multilateral agreement designed to provide a framework of rules and a forum to negotiate trade barrier reductions among nations.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/14/2023, 19:57:42</t0> The 1920s marked a decade of economic growth in the United States following a Classical supply side policy.[11] U.S. President Warren Harding signed the Emergency Tariff of 1921 and the Fordney–McCumber Tariff of 1922. Harding's policies reduced taxes and protected U.S. business and agriculture.[12] Following the Great Depression and <e0>World War II</e0>, the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference brought the Bretton Woods currency agreement followed by the economy of the 1950s and 1960s. In 1971, President Richard Nixon ended U.S. ties to Bretton Woods, leaving the U.S. with a floating fiat currency. The stagflation of the 1970s saw a U.S. economy characterized by slower GDP growth. In 1988, the United States ranked first in the world in the Economist Intelligence Unit "quality of life index" and third in the Economic Freedom of the World Index.[13]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/14/2023, 19:57:42</t0> As of 26 February 2022, The United States has barred most Russian imports including (semiconductors, lasers, liquor, computers) etc. due to the 2022 Russian-Ukraine War. This is the biggest bar on imports in the U.S. since <e0>WWll</e0>. The U.S. and Canada partnered on the ban of liquor and food stuff on 25, February 2022 after it was announced that Russian troops had taken Chernobyl nuclear power plant.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/08/2023, 13:29:16</t0> The Battle of Stalingrad[Note 7] (23 August 1942 – 2 February 1943)[19][20][21] was a major battle on the Eastern Front of <e0>World War II</e0> where Nazi Germany and its allies unsuccessfully fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (later renamed Volgograd) in Southern Russia. The battle was marked by fierce close-quarters combat and direct assaults on civilians in air raids, with the battle epitomizing urban warfare.[22][23][24] It was the bloodiest battle of the Second World War, with both sides suffering enormous casualties.[25][26][27] Today, the Battle of Stalingrad is often regarded as the turning point in the European theatre of war,[28] as it forced the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (German High Command) to withdraw considerable military forces from other areas in occupied Europe to replace German losses on the Eastern Front, ending with the rout of the six field armies of Army Group B, including the destruction of Nazi Germany's 6th Army and an entire corps of its 4th Panzer Army.[29] The Soviet victory energized the Red Army and shifted the balance of power in the favour of the Soviets.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/27/2023, 12:44:18</t0> Ford was involved in British war propaganda after the beginning of <e0>World War I</e0>. He worked for the War Propaganda Bureau, managed by C. F. G. Masterman, along with Arnold Bennett, G. K. Chesterton, John Galsworthy, Hilaire Belloc and Gilbert Murray. Ford wrote two propaganda books for Masterman; When Blood is Their Argument: An Analysis of Prussian Culture (1915), with the help of Richard Aldington, and Between St Dennis and St George: A Sketch of Three Civilizations (1915).

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/31/2023, 21:07:20</t0> Interestingly, for a slave-state, Louisiana harbored escaped Filipino slaves from the Manila Galleons.[63][64][65][66] The members of the Filipino community were then commonly referred to as Manila men, or Manilamen, and later Tagalas,[67] as they were free when they created the oldest settlement of Asians in the United States in the village of Saint Malo, Louisiana,[67][68][69][70] the inhabitants of which, even joined the United States in the <e0>War of 1812</e0> against the British Empire while they were being led by the French-American Jean Lafitte.[69]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/31/2023, 21:07:20</t0> Mobilization for <e0>World War II</e0> created jobs in the state. But thousands of other workers, black and white alike, migrated to California for better jobs in its burgeoning defense industry. Many African Americans left the state in the Second Great Migration, from the 1940s through the 1960s to escape social oppression and seek better jobs. The mechanization of agriculture in the 1930s had sharply cut the need for laborers. They sought skilled jobs in the defense industry in California, better education for their children, and living in communities where they could vote.[100]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/03/2023, 10:36:11</t0> 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1983rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 983rd year of the <e0>2nd millennium</e0>, the 83rd year of the <e1>20th century</e1>, and the 4th year of the 1980s decade.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/28/2023, 03:30:20</t0> In 1904, L'union Amicale, a French chess association, attempted to establish an international chess federation.[15] In April 1914, an initiative was taken in St. Petersburg, Russia, to form an international chess federation.[16][17] Another attempt was made in July 1914 during the Mannheim International Chess Tournament. Further efforts temporarily came to an end as a result of the outbreak of <e0>World War I</e0>. In 1920, another attempt to organize an international federation was made at the Gothenburg Tournament.[18]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/28/2023, 03:30:20</t0> FIDE found itself embroiled in some controversies relating to the American player Bobby Fischer. The first controversy took place when Fischer alleged that, at the 1962 Candidates Tournament in Curaçao, the Soviet players Tigran Petrosian, Paul Keres and Efim Geller had pre-arranged draws in their games played amongst themselves, and that Viktor Korchnoi, another Soviet player, had been instructed to lose to them (Fischer had <e0>placed 4th</e0>, well behind Petrosian, Keres and Geller). Grandmaster Yuri Averbakh, a member of the Soviet delegation at the tournament, confirmed in 2002 that Petrosian, Keres and Geller privately agreed to draw their games.[28] FIDE responded by changing the format of Candidates Tournaments from a multi-round round-robin to a series of elimination matches, initially 10–12 games in duration; however, by the 1970s, the Candidates final would be as long as 24 games.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/29/2021, 02:47:21</t0> María Piedad Moscoso Serrano (Sígsig, 1932 - Cuenca, November 13, <e0>2010</e0>) was an educator, doctor and feminist activist from Ecuador. She is remembered as a pioneer in the struggle for women's right in the providence of Azuay.[1]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>08/19/2023, 23:02:34</t0> The numbers of boys attending the school increased as a result of boarding requirements becoming heavier. With the increased demand for places at the school, more building work on the school site required to take place. As a result, a new dormitory was constructed along with a small refectory and some additional classrooms. Prior to <e0>World War I</e0>, the new wing and tower was completed which consisted of the dormitories and toilets on the upper floor, and the staff refectory and modern kitchen facilities located on the lower floor, were created.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/29/2023, 20:02:50</t0> In the 1980s, Winckler appeared as an actor on TV series such as Remington Steele, Knight Rider, Murder, She Wrote, Doogie Howser, M.D., Designing Women, The Fall Guy, and Short Ribbs starring Billy Barty. Winckler has also provided voice-over work, most notably <e0>Ultraman X</e0> in Ultraman X: The Movie.[2]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/05/2022, 12:42:16</t0> In late 2011, after producing Polka's Not Dead, the band announced an indefinite hiatus. However, they followed this by playing shows occasionally, such as annual Vancouver shows, a two-week European tour in January 2014, and two March gigs with Guttermouth in 2014. On November 11, 2017 they released their fourth full-length album Foreign Skies, a folk-punk concept album about the <e0>First World War.</e0> They followed this up with the acoustic album Into The North on November 15, 2019. Their most recent album Green Willow, which consists entirely of folk-punk renditions of traditional folk songs (with the exception of the final track "Roll Northumbria"), was released digital-only on March 13, 2023.[2]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/08/2023, 08:13:08</t0> Advances in VTOL technologies (helicopter and tiltrotor) since <e0>World War II</e0> have brought increased flexibility, and air assaults have largely been the preferred method of insertion for recent conflicts, but airborne insertion is still maintained as a rapid response capability to get troops on the ground anywhere in the world within hours for a variety of missions.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/08/2023, 08:13:08</t0> An early modern operation was first envisioned by Winston Churchill who proposed the creation of an airborne force to assault behind the German lines in 1917 during the <e0>First World War</e0>.[2] Later in late 1918. Major Lewis H. Brereton and his superior Brigadier General Billy Mitchell suggested dropping elements of the U.S. 1st Division behind German lines near Metz. The operation was planned for February 1919 but the war ended before the attack could be seriously planned. Mitchell conceived that US troops could be rapidly trained to utilize parachutes and drop from converted bombers to land behind Metz in synchronisation with a planned infantry offensive.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/08/2023, 08:13:08</t0> Following the war, the United States Army Air Service experimented with the concept of carrying troops on the wings of aircraft, with them pulled off by the opening of their parachutes. The first true paratroop drop was by Italy in November 1927. Within a few years, several battalions were raised and eventually formed into two Folgore and Nembo divisions.[3] Although they later fought with distinction in <e0>World War II</e0>, they were never used in a parachute drop. Men drawn from the Italian parachute forces were dropped in a special-forces operation in North Africa in 1943 in an attempt to destroy parked aircraft of the United States Army Air Forces.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/08/2023, 08:13:08</t0> With Giant II cancelled, Operation Giant I was reactivated to drop two battalions of the 504th PIR at Capua on September 13. However, significant German counterattacks, beginning on September 12, resulted in a shrinking of the American perimeter and threatened destruction of the Salerno beachhead. As a result, Giant I was cancelled and the 504th PIR instead dropped into the beachhead on the night of September 13 using transponding radar beacons as a guide. The next night the 505th PIR was also dropped into the beachhead as reinforcement. In all, 3,500 paratroopers made the most concentrated mass night drop in history, providing the model for the <e0>American airborne landings in Normandy</e0> in June 1944. An additional drop on the night of September 14–15 of the 509th PIB to destroy a key bridge at Avellino, to disrupt German motorized movements, was badly dispersed and failed to destroy the bridge before the Germans withdrew to the north.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/25/2023, 20:50:13</t0> Korea's military history spans thousands of years, beginning with the ancient nation of Gojoseon and continuing into the present day with the countries of North Korea and South Korea, and is notable for its many successful triumphs over invaders. Throughout its history, Korea has boasted numerous exceptional leaders who gained outstanding victories against numerically superior enemies. Famed leaders credited with defending Korea against foreign invasions include: Eulji Mundeok of Goguryeo, who defeated Sui China during the Goguryeo–Sui War;[1] Yeon Gaesomun of Goguryeo, who defeated Emperor Taizong of <e0>Tang China</e0> during the Goguryeo–Tang War;[2][3] Gang Gam-chan of Goryeo, who defeated the Khitan Empire during the Goryeo-Khitan War;[4] Choe Yeong and Yi Seong-gye of Goryeo, who defeated the Red Turbans during the Red Turban Invasions;[5][6] and Yi Sun-shin of Joseon, who defeated the Japanese at sea during the Imjin War.[7] Other notable leaders include: Gwanggaeto the Great of Goguryeo, who created a great empire in Northeast Asia through conquest,[8] and subjugated the other Korean kingdoms of Baekje, Silla and Gaya to bring about a brief unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea;[9] Geunchogo of Baekje, who captured Pyongyang and established overseas territories to control much of the Korean peninsula and dominate the seas;[10][11] Munmu and Kim Yu-sin of Silla, who united the Three Kingdoms of Korea and defeated Tang China to gain complete control of the Korean peninsula;[12] Dae Jo-yeong, who created Balhae from Goguryeo's ashes and reconquered Goguryeo lands lost during the Goguryeo-Tang War;[13] Jang Bogo of Later Silla, who created a maritime empire and commanded a powerful fleet;[14] Wang Geon, who united the Later Three Kingdoms of Korea and established Goryeo as the successor to Goguryeo;[15] and Yun Gwan of Goryeo, who defeated the Jurchens and constructed nine fortresses in Manchuria.[16]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>02/21/2021, 03:06:43</t0> Of Italian family background, Ferrary took French nationality in 1871,[1] but later became an Austrian national, a fact which ultimately led to the French government seizing, and later auctioning, his stamp collection after his death in 1917, because France and Austria were enemies during the <e0>First World War</e0>.[2] Ferrary also held pro-German views,[1] and his adopted nationality prevented him from returning to France when the war began.[2]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>02/21/2021, 03:06:43</t0> Ferrary adopted a new nationality more than once in his life. He was born an Italian in France, and took French nationality in 1871.[1] After his father died in 1876, he was adopted by Count von Kriegsfeld and took Austrian nationality as mentioned above;[3] he adopted the right of residence in Braunau in 1885, an act equivalent to taking Austrian nationality.[7] In 1908, he took Swiss citizenship but remained an Austrian national.[3] He was in Holland when the <e0>First World War</e0> began, and his nationality prevented him from returning to France.[2] There is also mention that he obtained Serbian nationality through his friendly relations with the ruling Obrenović dynasty.[1]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>02/21/2021, 03:06:43</t0> Wishing to make his unequalled collection accessible to the public, in his will dated 30 January 1915 he bequeathed it to "the German nation" for display in the Postmuseum in Berlin, along with funds for maintenance, 30,000 guldens. He also stipulated that the collection was "not to be integrated into the existing postal museum collection" but was to be "exhibited in a separate room". But as a citizen of Austria living in France, <e0>World War I</e0> put him at risk. Leaving his several hundred albums in the Austrian embassy, he fled to Vienna early in 1915 and then to Switzerland where he died soon afterwards, and so did not see the dismantling of his life's work after the war. The French government confiscated Ferrary's collection, claiming it as a war reparation. The massive assemblage was auctioned off between 1921 and 1926, in 14 separate sales, realizing some 30 million francs.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/13/2023, 03:18:36</t0> The United States developed the first nuclear weapons during <e0>World War II</e0> in cooperation with the United Kingdom and Canada as part of the Manhattan Project, out of the fear that Nazi Germany would develop them first. It tested the first nuclear weapon on 16 July 1945 ("Trinity") at 5:30 am, and remains the only country to have used nuclear weapons in war, devastating the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The project expenditure through 1 October 1945 was reportedly $1.845–$2 billion, in nominal terms,[55][56] roughly 0.8 percent of the US GDP in 1945 and equivalent to about $29 billion in 2020 money.[57]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/25/2022, 18:47:30</t0> At first the neosocialists remained part of the broader left. Déat led his splinter party into the Socialist Republican Union, a merger of various revisionist socialist parties, and participated in the Popular Front coalition of 1936. But disillusionment in democracy eventually caused many neosocialists to distance themselves from the traditional left and call for more authoritarian government. After 1936 many evolved toward a form of participatory and <e0>national socialism</e0> which led them to join with the reactionary right and support the collaborationist Vichy regime during <e1>World War II</e1>. For instance, René Belin and Marcel Déat became members of the Vichy government. As a result, Déat's neosocialism was discredited in France after the war.[citation needed]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/18/2023, 02:40:48</t0> Woodhull interrupted his studies to serve with the New York Militia in the <e0>War of 1812</e0>. He remained active in the militia until resigning his commission in 1830.[3]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/02/2023, 11:08:15</t0> Prince Leopold of Bavaria (Leopold Maximilian Joseph Maria Arnulf; 9 February 1846 – 28 September 1930) was born in Munich, the second son of Prince Regent Luitpold of Bavaria (1821–1912) and his wife Archduchess Augusta of Austria (1825–1864). He was a Field Marshal (Generalfeldmarschall) who commanded German and Austro-Hungarian forces on the Eastern Front in <e0>World War I</e0>.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/24/2021, 14:13:55</t0> Lawrence Gellert was born László Grünbaum on September 14, 1898, in Budapest, Hungary. He came to America at the age of seven and grew up in New York City. His mother was Katica Schwartz, while his father was Ábrahám Grünbaum, was a skilled craftsman (tailor) by trade. Both parents were ethnically Jewish, but Lawrence's mother had converted to Catholicism while in Hungary and remained devoutly Christian all her life. The Grünbaum family had left Hungary in part to keep their five sons from being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian army. Lawrence's oldest brother, Hugo Gellert, was accepted into Cooper Union as an art student, won a scholarship to study in Paris, and was soon doing illustrations for The New York Times and later, The New Yorker. When Hugo adopted the surname "Gellert" after a Hungarian Catholic saint who had championed the poor, the family followed suit.[1] When the United States entered <e0>World War I</e0>, another brother, Ernest (a pacifist and conscientious objector) received a 10-years sentence to a military prison in New Jersey. One morning in March 1918, Ernest was found dead in his cell of a gunshot wound to the head. This was a hugely traumatic event for the family, who were certain Ernest had been tormented and then murdered by the guards.[2] The newspapers reported Ernest's death as a suicide. Hugo Gellert, an impassioned anti-militarist, had fled to Mexico for the duration of the war.[citation needed]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>08/04/2023, 23:45:58</t0> The first naval task forces built around carriers appeared just prior to and during <e0>World War II</e0>. The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) was the first to assemble many carriers into a single task force, known as the Kido Butai. This task force was used with devastating effect in the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The Kido Butai operated as the IJN's main carrier battle group until four of its carriers were sunk at the Battle of Midway. In contrast, the United States Navy deployed its large carriers in separate formations, with each carrier assigned its own cruiser and destroyer escorts. These single-carrier formations would often be paired or grouped together for certain assignments, most notably the Battle of the Coral Sea and Midway. By 1943, however, large numbers of fleet and light carriers became available, which required larger formations of three or four carriers. These groups eventually formed the Fast Carrier Task Force, which became the primary battle unit of the U.S. Third and Fifth Fleets.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>08/04/2023, 23:45:58</t0> The first attempted use of anti-ship missiles against a carrier battle group was part of Argentina's efforts against British armed forces during the Falklands War. This was the last conflict so far in which opposing belligerents employed aircraft carriers, although Argentina made little use of its sole carrier, <e0>ARA Veinticinco de Mayo</e0>, which was originally built in the United Kingdom as HMS Venerable and later served with the Royal Netherlands Navy (1948–1968).

Documents Creation Time: <t0>08/04/2023, 23:45:58</t0> The Global War on Terror has shown the flexibility and responsiveness of the carrier on multiple occasions when land-based air was not feasible or able to respond in a timely fashion. After the 11 September terrorist attacks on the U.S., carriers immediately headed to the Arabian Sea to support Operation Enduring Freedom and took up station, building to a force of three carriers. Their steaming location was closer to the targets in Afghanistan than any land-based assets and thereby more responsive. The USS Kitty Hawk was adapted to be a support base for special operations helicopters. Carriers were used again in Operation Iraqi Freedom and even provided aircraft to be based ashore on occasion and have done so periodically when special capabilities are needed. This precedent was established during <e0>World War II</e0> in the Battle of Guadalcanal.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/27/2023, 14:10:38</t0> From the 14th century Lodi was ruled by the Visconti family, who built a castle there. In 1413, the antipope John XXIII launched the bull by which he convened the Council of Constance from the Duomo of Lodi. The council marked the end of the <e0>Great Schism</e0>.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>02/04/2023, 12:40:06</t0> The Australian satirical TV series <e0>CNNNN</e0> ran a fake cross-promotion for Agadoo: The Musical.[citation needed]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/28/2021, 10:37:43</t0> Franz Alfred Six (12 August 1909 – 9 July 1975) was a <e0>Nazi</e0> official, promoter of the Holocaust and convicted war criminal. He was appointed by Reinhard Heydrich to head department Amt VII, Written Records of the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA). In 1940, he was appointed to direct state police operations in an occupied United Kingdom following invasion.[1] In the post-war period, he worked as a public relations executive and a management consultant.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/17/2023, 12:15:23</t0> This policy of neutrality ended after the experience of German occupation during <e0>World War I</e0>. In the years preceding <e1>World War II</e1>, Belgium tried to return to a policy of neutrality, but once again, Germany invaded the country. In 1948, Belgium signed the Treaty of Brussels with the United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, and one year later became one of the founding members of the Atlantic Alliance.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/28/2023, 01:27:55</t0> In the following centuries, while science fiction addressed many aspects of futuristic science as well as space travel, space travel proved the more influential with the genre's writers and readers, evoking their sense of wonder.[1]: 69 [4] Most works were mainly intended to amuse readers, but a small number, often by authors with a scholarly background, sought to educate readers about related aspects of science, including <e0>astronomy</e0>; this was the motive of the influential American editor Hugo Gernsback, who dubbed it "sugar-coated science" and "scientifiction".[1]: 70  Science-fiction magazines, including Gernsback's Science Wonder Stories, alongside works of pure fiction, discussed the feasibility of space travel; many science-fiction writers also published nonfiction works on space travel, such as Willy Ley's articles and David Lasser's book, The Conquest of Space (1931).[1]: 71 [5]: 743 

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/27/2022, 11:29:31</t0> The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during <e0>World War II</e0>. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded for a wide range of reasons and across all ranks, from a senior commander for skilled leadership of his troops in battle to a low-ranking soldier for a single act of extreme gallantry.[1] A total of 7,321 awards were made between its first presentation on 30 September 1939 and its last bestowal on 17 June 1945.[Note 1] This number is based on the analysis and acceptance of the order commission of the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR). Presentations were made to members of the three military branches of the Wehrmacht—the Heer (Army), Kriegsmarine (Navy) and Luftwaffe (Air Force)—as well as the Waffen-SS, the Reichsarbeitsdienst (RAD—Reich Labour Service) and the Volkssturm (German national militia). There were also 43 recipients in the military forces of allies of the Third Reich.[3]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>03/23/2022, 03:38:17</t0> The Nuremberg trials were held by the Allies against representatives of the defeated Nazi Germany for plotting and carrying out invasions of other countries and atrocities against their citizens in <e0>World War II</e0>.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>03/23/2022, 03:38:17</t0> Between 1939 and 1945, Nazi Germany <e0>invaded many European countries</e0>, including Poland, Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Yugoslavia, Greece, and the Soviet Union.[4] German aggression was accompanied by immense brutality in occupied areas;[5] war losses in the Soviet Union alone included 27 million dead, mostly civilians, which was one seventh of the prewar population.[6] The legal reckoning was premised on the extraordinary nature of Nazi criminality, particularly the perceived singularity of the systematic murder of millions of Jews.[3]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>03/23/2022, 03:38:17</t0> In early 1942, representatives of nine governments-in-exile from German-occupied Europe issued a declaration to demand an international court to try the German crimes committed in occupied countries. The United States and United Kingdom refused to endorse this proposal, citing the failure of war crimes prosecutions after <e0>World War I</e0>.[7][8] The London-based United Nations War Crimes Commission—without Soviet participation—first met in October 1943 and became bogged down in the scope of its mandate, with Belgian jurist Marcel de Baer and Czech legal scholar Bohuslav Ečer [cs] arguing for a broader definition of war crimes that would include "the crime of war".[9][10] On 1 November 1943, the Soviet Union, United Kingdom, and United States issued the Moscow Declaration, warning the Nazi leadership of the signatories' intent to "pursue them to the uttermost ends of the earth…in order that justice may be done".[11] The declaration stated that those high-ranking Nazis who had committed crimes in several countries would be dealt with jointly, while others would be tried where they had committed their crimes.[11][12][9]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>03/23/2022, 03:38:17</t0> Jackson was appointed the United States' chief prosecutor, whom historian Kim Christian Priemel describes as "a versatile politician and a remarkable orator, if not a great legal thinker".[55] The United States prosecution believed that <e0>Nazism</e0> was the product of a German deviation from the West (the Sonderweg thesis) and sought to correct this deviation with a trial that would serve both retributive and educational purposes.[56] As the largest delegation, it would take on the bulk of the prosecutorial effort.[57] At Jackson's recommendation, the United States appointed judges Francis Biddle and John Parker.[58] The British chief prosecutor was Hartley Shawcross, Attorney General for England and Wales, assisted by his predecessor David Maxwell Fyfe.[59][60][61] Although the chief British judge, Sir Geoffrey Lawrence (Lord Justice of Appeal), was the nominal president of the tribunal, in practice Biddle exercised more authority.[58]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>03/23/2022, 03:38:17</t0> One set of trials focused on the actions of German professionals: the Doctors' trial focused on human experimentation and euthanasia murders, the Judges' trial on the role of the judiciary in Nazi crimes, and the Ministries trial on the culpability of bureaucrats of German government ministries, especially the Foreign Office.[228][229] Also on trial were industrialists—in the Flick trial, the IG Farben trial, and the Krupp trial—for using forced labor, looting property from Nazi victims, and funding SS atrocities.[230] Members of the SS were tried in the Pohl trial, which focused on members of the SS Main Economic and Administrative Office that oversaw SS economic activity, including the Nazi concentration camps;[231] the RuSHA trial of Nazi racial policies; and the <e0>Einsatzgruppen trial</e0>, in which members of the mobile killing squads were tried for the murder of more than one million people behind the Eastern Front.[232] Luftwaffe general Erhard Milch was tried for using slave labor and deporting civilians. In the Hostages case, several generals were tried for executing thousands of hostages and prisoners of war, looting, using forced labor, and deporting civilians in the Balkans. Other generals were tried in the High Command Trial for plotting wars of aggression, issuing criminal orders, deporting civilians, using slave labor, and looting in the Soviet Union.[233][234]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>02/24/2023, 16:05:48</t0> Most of his popular science books explain concepts in a historical way, going as far back as possible to a time when the science in question was at its simplest stage. Examples include Guide to Science, the three-volume Understanding Physics, and Asimov's Chronology of Science and Discovery. He wrote on numerous other scientific and non-scientific topics, such as chemistry, <e0>astronomy</e0>, mathematics, history, biblical exegesis, and literary criticism.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>02/24/2023, 16:05:48</t0> From 1942 to 1945 during <e0>World War II</e0>, between his masters and doctoral studies, Asimov worked as a civilian chemist at the Philadelphia Navy Yard's Naval Air Experimental Station and lived in the Walnut Hill section of West Philadelphia.[47][48] In September 1945, he was conscripted into the post-war U.S. Army; if he had not had his birth date corrected while at school, he would have been officially 26 years old and ineligible.[49] In 1946, a bureaucratic error caused his military allotment to be stopped, and he was removed from a task force days before it sailed to participate in Operation Crossroads nuclear weapons tests at Bikini Atoll.[50] He was promoted to corporal on July 11 before receiving an honorable discharge on July 26, 1946.[51][e][52]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/07/2019, 02:25:55</t0> The M25 Tank Transporter was a heavy tank transporter and tank recovery vehicle used in <e0>World War II</e0> and beyond by the US Army. Nicknamed the Dragon Wagon, the M25 was composed of a 6×6 armored tractor (M26) and 40-ton trailer (M15).

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/11/2023, 08:05:57</t0> "Runner" is the last episode where Rainbow Sun Francks (portrayed Aiden Ford) is credited as a regular cast member. Jason Momoa joins the main cast in this episode. While rehearsing scenes for "Duet" where Cadman has control of McKay's body, Jamie Ray Newman would do a scene first, and then David Hewlett would try to mimic her movements, cadence, accent, etc.[1] Alan C. Peterson, who played the Magistrate in "Condemned", previously played Canon in Stargate SG-1s Demons. The episode title of "Trinity" is a reference to the Trinity test.[2] The outdoors parts of "Instinct" were filmed on location at Lynn Valley Canyon, North Vancouver.[3] Jewel Staite, who played Kaylee Frye on the cult Sci-Fi show <e0>Firefly</e0>, is the second Firefly cast member to guest star on a Stargate series, the first being Adam Baldwin in Stargate SG-1 episode "Heroes". She would later go on to play Dr. Keller as a recurring guest star at the end of Season 3, continuing into Season 4 prior to becoming a series regular in season 5.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>03/07/2020, 02:08:27</t0> Marilyn is responsible for a total of thirteen deaths,[1] most due to drowning on boats or offshore. Eleven thousand people were left homeless on the island of St. Thomas, and estimated damages were set at $2 billion (1995 USD)[1] in the USVI. The same area would be struck by Hurricane Bertha the next year, while still repairing from Hurricanes Luis and Marilyn,[2] then successively hit by Hortense, Erika, Georges, Jose, <e0>Lenny</e0> and Debby.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/22/2023, 13:35:20</t0> During <e0>World War II</e0>, Reinhart was interned at Los Baños, Laguna, with the rest of the American Brothers. He would be freed by American troops in 1945 but would refuse to be returned to the United States.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/16/2023, 00:50:06</t0> The most valuable decoration of the church is the argillite sculpture of the Plzeň Madonna (from around 1390) in the middle of the main pseudo-gothic altar designed by the architect Josef Mocker. An extraordinary work of gothic woodcraft is also a monumental group of statues "The Calvary" from the 1460s. There is an entrance from the main nave to the late gothic Sternberg Chapel in the right part of the church, where also the Czech Altar is located – an <e0>Art Nouveau</e0> work of the carver Jan Kastner. In the church, we can also find colourful stained glass windows, such as the window with Calvary motive by local painter Josef Mandl, or works by other influential artists.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/27/2023, 09:07:33</t0> In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident, with two children, of Hasliberg making 150,000 <e0>CHF</e0> was 13.4%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 19.6%.[21] For comparison, the average rate for the entire canton in the same year, was 14.2% and 22.0%, while the nationwide average was 12.3% and 21.1% respectively.[22] In 2009 there were a total of 449 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 108 made over 75,000 CHF per year. There were 7 people who made between 15,000 and 20,000 per year. The greatest number of workers, 136, made between 50,000 and 75,000 CHF per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Hasliberg was 108,113 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF.[23]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/13/2022, 12:01:06</t0> James Lemuel Holloway III (February 23, 1922 – November 26, 2019) was a United States Navy admiral and naval aviator who was decorated for his actions during <e0>World War II</e0>, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. After the Vietnam War, he was posted to The Pentagon, where he established the Navy's Nuclear Powered Carrier Program. He served as Chief of Naval Operations from 1974 until 1978. After retiring from the Navy, Holloway served as President of the Naval Historical Foundation from 1980–1998 and served another ten years as its chairman until his retirement in 2008 when he became chairman emeritus. He was the author of Aircraft Carriers at War: A Personal Retrospective of Korea, Vietnam, and the Soviet Confrontation published in 2007 by the Naval Institute Press.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/13/2022, 12:01:06</t0> Holloway was born in Charleston, South Carolina, on February 23, 1922, the son of Jean Gordon (Hagood) and then-Lieutenant (Junior Grade) James L. Holloway, Jr. (1898–1984), later a full admiral. His maternal grandfather was Major General Johnson Hagood. He graduated from Saint James School, Maryland in 1939 and was appointed to the United States Naval Academy in that year as a member of the Class of 1943. Holloway graduated from the Naval Academy in June 1942 as a member of the first three-year class accelerated by <e0>World War II</e0>.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/26/2023, 22:45:45</t0> Pavlov was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1904. He was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1907,[1] elected an International Member of the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1908,[44] was awarded the Royal Society's <e0>Copley Medal</e0> in 1915, and elected an International Member of the American Philosophical Society in 1932.[45] He became a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1907.[46] Pavlov's dog, the Pavlovian session and Pavlov's typology are named in his honour. The asteroid 1007 Pawlowia and the lunar crater Pavlov were also named after him.[47]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/11/2023, 11:05:31</t0> Many reviews, both online[4] and in print,[5][6] rate Zak McKracken as among the best adventure games ever made, but others disagree. Charles Ardai in Computer Gaming World described Zak McKracken as a good game, but said that it could have been better. He described the game's central flaw in the game's environments, limited to a relatively small number of screens per location, giving each town a movie-set feel compared to the size and detail of Maniac Mansion.[7] PC Computing wrote that Zak McKracken for the PC had a clever story but "grade B animation", concluding that "the result falls short of the magic we expect from George Lucas".[8] <e0>Compute!</e0> favorably reviewed Zak McKracken, but wished that Lucasfilm would next produce a game that did not depend on jokes and puzzles to tell its story.[9] The large number of mazes in the game was also a source of criticism, but David Fox felt it was the best way to maximize the game's size and still have it fit on a single Commodore 64 floppy disk. Other critics complained about the need to enter copy protection codes not once, but multiple times whenever the player flew out of the US.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/19/2023, 04:43:01</t0> The second failure of Samuel Langley's prototype plane on the Potomac was attributed to aeroelastic effects (specifically, torsional divergence).[1] An early scientific work on the subject was George Bryan's Theory of the Stability of a Rigid Aeroplane published in 1906.[2] Problems with torsional divergence plagued aircraft in the <e0>First World War</e0> and were solved largely by trial-and-error and ad hoc stiffening of the wing. The first recorded and documented case of flutter in an aircraft was that which occurred to a Handley Page O/400 bomber during a flight in 1916, when it suffered a violent tail oscillation, which caused extreme distortion of the rear fuselage and the elevators to move asymmetrically. Although the aircraft landed safely, in the subsequent investigation F. W. Lanchester was consulted. One of his recommendations was that left and right elevators should be rigidly connected by a stiff shaft, which was to subsequently become a design requirement. In addition, the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) was asked to investigate the phenomenon theoretically, which was subsequently carried out by Leonard Bairstow and Arthur Fage.[2]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>01/29/2023, 00:05:40</t0> In an interview with <e0>USA Today</e0>, creator Matt Groening dismissed the criticism of the Apu character, saying, "I think it's a time in our culture where people love to pretend they're offended".[36][37] Dana Walden, the CEO of 20th Century Fox Television, said in an August 2018 interview in regard to the Apu controversy that the network trusts the showrunners "to handle it in the way that's best for the show".[38] In October 2018, in the South Park episode "The Problem with a Poo", Mr. Hankey is expelled and sent to a land where "people don't care about bigotry and hate" – Springfield. The episode ended with a title card, #cancelthesimpsons, similar to the promo for South Park that called for the cancellation of itself.[39] However, on the DVD commentary South Park creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone stated that the people on The Simpsons are their friends and that joke was not a jab at The Simpsons but at the documentary and that they found it amusing how many misinterpreted the joke as an attack on The Simpsons.[40] Al Jean also tweeted about the episode "It's actually in favor of us saying people are too critical."[41]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>03/09/2023, 20:16:40</t0> I was wondering if you could take some time out of your schedule to head over to the <e0>Red Dwarf</e0> talkpage and give us an honest peer review. The page has gone through some major changes in the last few months, and it would be fantastic if a prominent editor/contributor like yourself, could head over and give us at the Red Dwarf Wikiproject some sound opinion and ideas on improvements for the page. We have all worked very hard at improving the page, and we need great outside, reliable and trustworthy users to come over and help us improve. If you are interested in joining the peer review discussion with other prominent users/contributors, much like yourself, please follow the link. Thank you very much for your help and your continued effort to improve Wikipedia and its quality! Wikipedia:Peer review/Red Dwarf --Nreive (talk) 11:22, 5 February 2008 (UTC)Reply[reply]<!--__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2008-02-05T11:22:00.000Z","author":"Nreive","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Nreive-2008-02-05T11:22:00.000Z-Red_Dwarf_peer_review","replies":[]}}-->

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/11/2021, 03:47:03</t0> The following year the tournament was re-branded as the Kent Classic and the top professionals returned with an increased prize fund. John Parrott defeated Stephen Hendry in the <e0>final edition</e0> of the tournament.[9]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/31/2021, 22:48:54</t0> On January 31 <e0>2008</e0>, Swedish prosecutors filed charges against four of the individuals behind The Pirate Bay, a torrent tracking website, for "promoting other people's infringements of copyright laws".[1][2] The charges are supported by a consortium of intellectual rights holders led by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI), who have filed individual compensation claims against the owners of The Pirate Bay. The trial, currently ongoing in Stockholm, Sweden, started on February 16 and is scheduled to finish on March 4; it is broadcast live by Swedish public radio.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/10/2023, 07:01:52</t0> The first mention of a lighthouse on the island of Ruhnu is from the year of 1646. The current lighthouse was made in 1877, by Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée, a company based in France. According to rumours, the unusual design of the Ruhnu Lighthouse was made by Gustave Eiffel, however no actual proof has been given. The lighthouse's structure is made out of metal, supported by four counterforts. The lighthouse had a gallery and a sentry room, which was destroyed during <e0>World War I</e0>. The lighthouse was rebuilt in 1937.[3]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/31/2023, 18:37:12</t0> Another pioneering weapon in this role was the Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). Introduced late in <e0>World War I</e0>, it remained in front-line service into the Vietnam War. Intended originally as an automatic rifle capable of delivering suppressing "walking fire" in the advance, the BAR came to be used in the light machine gun role. During <e1>World War II</e1>, as the importance of having a source of mobile automatic fire increased, the number of BARs in a unit also increased, until in some units it represented 1 in 4 of the weapons present in a squad. During its long service in the US military, it was pivotal in the evolution of U.S. fireteam tactics and doctrine that continues to the present day.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/23/2023, 17:55:43</t0> The Single Reentry Vehicle modification enabled the United States ICBM force to abide by the now-voided START II treaty requirements by reconfiguring Minuteman III missiles from three reentry vehicles down to one. Though it was eventually ratified by both parties, START II never entered into force and was essentially superseded by follow-on agreements such as SORT and <e0>New START</e0>, which do not limit MIRV capability. Minuteman III remains fitted with a single warhead due to the warhead limitations in New START.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/09/2023, 06:04:49</t0> During <e0>World War II</e0>, Frankfurt was the location of a Nazi prison for underage girls with several forced labour camps,[19] a camp for Sinti and Romani people (see Romani Holocaust),[20] the Dulag Luft West transit camp for Allied prisoners of war,[21] and a subcamp of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp.[22]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/09/2023, 06:04:49</t0> With a population of 763,380 (2019) within its administrative boundaries[36] and of 2,300,000 in the actual urban area,[37] Frankfurt is the fifth-largest city in Germany, after Berlin, Hamburg, Munich and Cologne. Central Frankfurt has been a Großstadt (a city with at least 100,000 residents by definition) since 1875. With 414,576 residents in 1910, it was the ninth largest city in Germany and the number of inhabitants grew to 553,464 before <e0>World War II</e0>. After the war, at the end of the year 1945, the number had dropped to 358,000. In the following years, the population grew again and reached an all-time-high of 691,257 in 1963. It dropped again to 592,411 in 1986 but has increased since then. According to the demographic forecasts for central Frankfurt, the city will have a population up to 813,000 within its administrative boundaries in 2035[38] and more than 2.5 million inhabitants in its urban area.