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Documents Creation Time: <t0>01/04/2020, 16:44:16</t0> Somers moved to Dalkey, County Dublin in 1908 with her mother who was again taking a position as the town postmistress. From here Somers was an active member of The Gaelic League and Sinn Féin, as well as a supporter of Cumann na mBan and the Irish Volunteers. She eventually became the secretary of the local Cumann na mBan unit. Somers' campaign against Irish recruitment into the British Army in 1915 led to her mother losing her job as postmistress of Dalkey. This made her the first civil servant to lose her job due to her association with Irish republicanism. Her persistent lobbying of Matthew Nathan through correspondence led to her mother being reinstated at the end of <e0>World War I</e0>. Her brother, D.C. Somers, was sentenced to five years' penal servitude due to his participation in Easter 1916, and lost his job in the civil service. These led to the family suffering financially. Both her brothers, D.C. and Michael, served in the IRA during the Irish War of Independence. Somers was a public speaker and raised funds for Sinn Féin from 1917 onwards.[1][4]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/24/2022, 06:36:35</t0> Carter was widely blamed for the return of the long gas lines in the summer of 1979 that were last seen just after the 1973 Yom Kippur War. He planned on delivering his fifth major speech on energy, but he felt that the American people were no longer listening. Carter left for the presidential retreat of Camp David. "For more than a week, a veil of secrecy enveloped the proceedings. Dozens of prominent Democratic Party leaders—members of Congress, governors, labor leaders, academics and clergy—were summoned to the mountaintop retreat to confer with the beleaguered president." His pollster, Pat Caddell, told him that the American people simply faced a crisis of confidence because of the assassinations of John F. Kennedy, Robert F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr.; the Vietnam War; and <e0>Watergate</e0>.[6] On July 15, 1979, Carter gave a nationally televised address in which he identified what he believed to be a "crisis of confidence" among the American people. This came to be known as his "Malaise speech", although Carter never used the word in the speech.[7]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/24/2022, 06:36:35</t0> In September 1980, former <e0>Watergate scandal</e0> prosecutor Leon Jaworski accepted a position as honorary chairman of Democrats for Reagan.[31] Five months earlier, Jaworski had harshly criticized Reagan as an "extremist"; he said after accepting the chairmanship, "I would rather have a competent extremist than an incompetent moderate."[31]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/02/2023, 05:06:23</t0> Bernstein and Robbins decided to expand the ballet into a musical and invited Comden and Green to write the book and lyrics. On the Town opened on Broadway's Adelphi Theatre on December 28, 1944. The show resonated with audiences during <e0>World War II</e0>, and it broke race barriers on Broadway: Japanese-American dancer Sono Osato in a leading role; a multiracial cast dancing as mixed race couples; and a Black concertmaster, Everett Lee, who eventually took over as music director of the show.[51] On the Town became an MGM motion picture in 1949, starring Gene Kelly, Frank Sinatra, and Jules Munshin as the three sailors. Only part of Bernstein's score was used in the film and additional songs were provided by Roger Edens.[52]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/22/2022, 12:58:51</t0> On January 22, 2016, WWE announced that Aries would be joining their <e0>NXT</e0> brand.[127] On the March 2 episode of NXT, he made his debut as a face. He was introduced by general manager William Regal before being attacked by Baron Corbin.[128][129][130] A match was booked between the two at NXT TakeOver: Dallas on April 1, where Aries defeated Corbin.[131] On the May 18 episode of NXT, Aries teamed with NXT Champion Shinsuke Nakamura to defeat the team of Blake and Murphy.[132] On the May 25 episode of NXT, Aries declared his intention to become the next NXT Champion, which prompted a response from Nakamura. Regal scheduled a match between the two at NXT TakeOver: The End on June 8,[133] which Nakamura won.[134] On the June 22 episode of NXT, Aries came out to seemingly thank No Way José for reminding him that wrestling was about having fun, only to attack him after an impromptu dance party, turning heel in the process.[135] Aries defeated No Way José by submission at NXT TakeOver: Brooklyn II.[136] Aries and Roderick Strong entered the second Dusty Rhodes Tag Team Classic tournament. They defeated Tucker Knight and Otis Dozovic in the first round,[137] and were scheduled to face TM-61 in the second. However, Aries withdrew from the tournament due to injury. Strong faced Shane Thorne in a singles match instead, but was defeated.[138]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/21/2023, 06:54:44</t0> After German troops entered Warsaw on 5 August 1915, they wanted to gain the sympathy of Poles and allowed University of Warsaw and the Warsaw University of Technology to open with Polish as the language of instruction. The grand opening of both universities was held on 15 November 1915. Zygmunt Straszewicz was the first rector of the Warsaw University of Technology. <e0>World War I</e0>, together with the events connected with the restitution of the Polish State and the Polish-Bolshevik war did not help the development of the school. Daily lectures only started in November 1920. The school taught the young future engineers at the faculties of Mechanics, Electrical Engineering, Chemistry, Architecture, Civil Engineering, Aquatic Engineering, and Geodesy (or, since 1925, Measuring). The last three faculties were merged on the basis of the new Academic Schools Law of 13 March 1933. The Polish Cabinet issued a decree on 25 September 1933, in which the new Faculty of Engineering was created.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/21/2023, 06:54:44</t0> During <e0>World War II</e0>, despite enormous material losses and repressive measures, the Warsaw University of Technology continued to operate underground. Teaching continued in clandestine and open courses, in vocational schools, and from 1942, in a two-year State Higher Technical School. Approximately 3,000 students took part in the clandestine courses and 198 earned engineer diplomas. Scientific research was conducted, as 20 PhD and 14 assistant-professorship qualifying theses were written. Considerable work served the reconstruction of Poland after the war and constitute the foundation for the development of science. Students and professors secretly worked on projects. Professors Janusz Groszkowski, Marceli Struszyński, and Józef Zawadzki conducted a detailed analysis of the radio and steering devices of the German V-2 rockets, at the request of Polish Home Army Intelligence.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/02/2023, 19:48:15</t0> Art names came into vogue during the <e0>Tang dynasty</e0>, during which time they could either be coined by the persons themselves, or given to them as a name by others. Most Hao can be placed within a few categories:[citation needed]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/02/2023, 19:48:15</t0> By the <e0>Song dynasty</e0>, the majority of literati called each other by their art names, which in turn often changed; this situation continued up to the 20th century.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/18/2023, 19:40:07</t0> Apple's focus on design and build quality has helped establish the Mac as a high-end, premium brand. The company's emphasis on creating iconic and visually appealing designs for its computers has given them a "human face" and made them stand out in a crowded market.[162] Apple has long made use of product placements in high-profile movies and television shows to showcase Mac computers, like Mission: Impossible, Legally Blonde, and <e0>Sex and the City</e0>.[163] Apple is known for not allowing producers to show villains using Apple products.[164] Its own shows produced for the Apple TV+ streaming service also feature prominent use of MacBooks.[165]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/20/2023, 16:46:09</t0> Although <e0>World War II</e0> ended in August 1945, three of the starters from the 1945 squad were inducted into the military in early 1946. They were: Wally Teninga, who started seven games at left halfback and was the team's leading scorer in 1945; Donovan Hershberger, who started eight games at end in 1945; and Gene Hinton, who started all 10 games at right tackle in 1945.[6][7][8] Bob Ballau, a tackle from New York, was awarded the Chicago Alumni Club trophy as the team'smost improved player during spring practice.[9]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/29/2023, 22:05:17</t0> In 1944, when <e0>World War II</e0> became more and more dangerous for the life of Hungarians, Langlet still worked at the university and the embassy. He saw the cruel persecution not only of Jews, but also other people not favored by the fascist regime. Together with his wife Nina, he initiated humanitarian work under the protection of the Swedish Red Cross. At first, he helped his own acquaintances one at a time. But little by little the group grew, and soon he had a long line of people at his door begging his help.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/21/2023, 11:07:16</t0> During the final years of <e0>World War II</e0>, numerous plants and factories in Berlin and other major cities were destroyed by Allied air raids. To prevent further losses, manufacturing was therefore moved to alternative places and regions not affected by the air war. The goal was to secure continued production of important war-related and everyday goods. According to records, Siemens was operating almost 400 alternative or relocated manufacturing plants at the end of 1944 and in early 1945.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>03/27/2023, 12:35:22</t0> Initially conceived as purely a metrology agency, the Bureau of Standards was directed by Herbert Hoover to set up divisions to develop commercial standards for materials and products.[13] Some of these standards were for products intended for government use, but product standards also affected private-sector consumption. Quality standards were developed for products including some types of clothing, automobile brake systems and headlamps, antifreeze, and electrical safety. During <e0>World War I</e0>, the Bureau worked on multiple problems related to war production, even operating its own facility to produce optical glass when European supplies were cut off. Between the wars, Harry Diamond of the Bureau developed a blind approach radio aircraft landing system. During World War II, military research and development was carried out, including development of radio propagation forecast methods, the proximity fuze and the standardized airframe used originally for Project Pigeon, and shortly afterwards the autonomously radar-guided Bat anti-ship guided bomb and the Kingfisher family of torpedo-carrying missiles.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/11/2023, 12:26:07</t0> Most Tijuana bibles were obscene parodies of popular newspaper comic strips at the time, such as "Blondie", "Barney Google", "Moon Mullins", "Popeye", "Tillie the Toiler", "The Katzenjammer Kids", "Dick Tracy", "Little Orphan Annie", and "Bringing Up Father". Others made use of characters based on popular movie and sports stars of the day such as Mae West, W.C. Fields, Clark Gable, Joan Crawford, The Marx Brothers, Cary Grant, Jean Harlow, Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, and Joe Louis, sometimes with names only subtly changed. Before <e0>World War II</e0>, almost all the stories were humorous, cartoon versions of well-known dirty jokes that had been making the rounds for decades.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/11/2023, 12:26:07</t0> In some senses, Tijuana bibles were the first underground comix. They featured original material at a time when legitimate American comic books were still reprinting newspaper strips. After <e0>World War II</e0>, the quality and the popularity of the Tijuana bible declined.[1]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/21/2019, 01:35:36</t0> The regiment served in many wars and conflicts throughout its long existence, including the Second Boer War, the <e0>First World War</e0> and the <e1>Second World War</e1>. In 1968, the regiment was amalgamated with the other regiments of the Fusilier Brigade – the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers, the Royal Warwickshire Fusiliers and the Lancashire Fusiliers – to form a new large regiment, the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/21/2019, 01:35:36</t0> The regiment then took part in the Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo in January 1812,[29] the Siege of Badajoz in spring 1812[30] and the Battle of Salamanca in July 1812[31] as well as the Battle of Vitoria in June 1813.[32] It then pursued the French Army into France and fought at the Battle of the Pyrenees in July 1813,[33] the Battle of Orthez in February 1814[34] and the Battle of Toulouse in April 1814.[35] It returned to England later that year[36] before embarking for Canada and seeing action at the capture of Fort Bowyer in February 1815 during the <e0>War of 1812</e0>.[37]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/21/2019, 01:35:36</t0> The 3rd and 4th Battalions were disbanded at Aldershot on 15 July 1922. The London Regiment having fallen into abeyance, the 1st–4th Londons reverted to their Royal Fusiluers affiliation. When the London Regiment was formally abolished they became the 8th (1st City of London), 9th (2nd City of London) and 10th (3rd City of London) Battalions (the 4th Londons had already been converted into 60th (City of London) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery). In the period of rearmament before the outbreak of <e0>World War II</e0>, the 8th and 9th Battalions each formed a duplicate battalion (11th and 12th respectively) while 10th Battalion was converted into 69th (3rd City of London) Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery.[2][64]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/20/2023, 17:49:27</t0> The spa town of Băile Herculane has a long history of human habitation. Numerous archaeological discoveries show that the area has been inhabited since the <e0>Paleolithic</e0> era. The Peștera Hoților (Cave of the Thieves), contains multiple levels, including one from the Mousterian period, one from the <e1>Mesolithic</e1> period (late Epigravettian) and several from the later <e2>Neolithic</e2> periods.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/20/2023, 17:49:27</t0> In modern times, the spa town has been visited for its supposedly natural healing properties: hot springs with sulfur, chlorine, sodium, calcium, magnesium and other minerals, as well as negatively ionized air. Before <e0>World War II</e0>, when the first modern hotel was built (i.e. H Cerna, 1930) it remained a popular destination with Western Europeans.[4] During the Communist era, mass tourism facilities were built, such as the 8- to 12-storied concrete hotels Roman, Hercules A, Hercules B, Afrodita, Minerva, Diana, UGSR, etc. which dominate the skyline. It was visited by all kinds of people but was especially popular with employees and retirees, who would spend their state-allotted vacation vouchers there, hoping to improve their health. Today, they share the town with a younger crowd. New privately owned pensions and hotels appeared after 1989, along the Cerna/Tiena river banks, spread from the train station to the end of the hydroelectrical dam. Some of the Austro-Hungarian era buildings have become derelict, including many of the baths, because of bad management after privatization.[5] In the late 2010s, an NGO called the Herculane Project was established to stabilise the buildings and eventually restore them.[6]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/28/2023, 16:13:18</t0> Once <e0>World War II</e0> began and Hitler invaded France, the family of four fled over the Pyrenees Mountains to Spain on foot.[1] After a time the family was able to emigrate to the United States, sailing on the ship Nea Hellas in 1940.[2] They settled in Brooklyn.[3][1] Vera's parents later divorced when she was 12 years old, and her mother was known as Raissa Goodman for the remainder of her life.[1]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/12/2023, 10:56:11</t0> The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, also known as the Tiananmen Square Massacre, June 4th Incident, or the Political Turmoil between Spring and Summer of <e0>1989</e0> by the government of the People's Republic of China, were a series of demonstrations led by students, intellectuals and labour activists in the People's Republic of China between April 15, 1989 and June 4, 1989. The demonstrations centred on Tiananmen Square in Beijing, but large scale protests also occurred in cities throughout China, such as in Shanghai. (Read more...)

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/12/2023, 10:56:11</t0> Du Fu or Tu Fu (712–770) was a prominent Chinese poet of the <e0>Tang dynasty</e0>. Along with Li Bai (Li Po), he is frequently called the greatest of the Chinese poets. His own greatest ambition was to help his country by becoming a successful civil servant, but he proved unable to make the necessary accommodations. His life, like the whole country, was devastated by the An Lushan Rebellion of 755, and the last 15 years of his life were a time of almost constant unrest.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/11/2023, 18:23:19</t0> "Underdog" was used in the credits of the 2010 film Takers. Snooker player Mark Selby has used "Underdog" as his walk-on music.[1] "Underdog" is currently used as the run out music by English League One football teams Colchester United and Peterborough United, until Dave Robertson took over in February 2015, with the first match without "Underdog" being played a 2–0 win over Bradford City. The music also featured in the Carlsberg England team talk advertisement for the 2010 World Cup, as did the band themselves. During the 2011 Rugby League Four Nations, an instrumental version of the song was used as music during video referee decisions. The song was played during the fourth episode of the first series of the BBC Three sitcom Mongrels. The song, like many other Kasabian tracks, is also used in at least one episode of BBC Two's <e0>Top Gear</e0>. It was also used on a highlight video for the 2009 European Grand Prix on the official Formula 1 website.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/08/2023, 23:51:44</t0> The United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and others used the concept of propaganda, which later[when?] evolved into public relations, to rally domestic support and to demonize enemies during the World Wars (compare journalism). <e0>World War I</e0> (1914–1918), which affected not only military but whole populations, is considered to be "modern propaganda's launching pad".[23] This led to more sophisticated commercial publicity efforts as public-relations talent entered the private sector.[citation needed] Most[quantify] historians believe modern-day public relations was first established in the US by Ivy Lee (1877–1934) in 1903 when he started working as the image maker for and corporate advisor for Rockefeller. Edward Bernays (1891–1995), who handled the publicity of theatrical associations in 1913.[which?], then spread internationally.[citation needed] Meanwhile, in the nascent Soviet Russia of the 1920s, artists and poets (such as Mayakovsky[24]) engaged in public-relations campaigns for various state agencies and causes (note for example Likbez).

Documents Creation Time: <t0>01/27/2019, 20:30:59</t0> Even after the station opened in 1928, efforts to extend the line past Flushing persisted. In 1928, the New York City Board of Transportation (BOT) proposed allowing IRT trains to build a connection to use the Whitestone branch, but the IRT did not accept the offer since this would entail upgrading railroad crossings and the single-tracked line. Subsequently, the LIRR abandoned the branch in 1932.[7]: 72  As part of the 1929 IND Second System plan, the Flushing Line would have had branches to College Point and Bayside east of Main Street.[7]: Chapter 3 [20][21] That plan was revived in 1939.[22] The BOT kept proposing an extension of the Flushing Line past Main Street until 1945, when <e0>World War II</e0> ended and new budgets did not allow for a Flushing extension.[7]: 72  In 1956, the Queens Chamber of Commerce and Queens Transit Committee again proposed the extensions east of the station to Bayside and College Point, along with a new spur along Kissena Boulevard running south to Sutphin Boulevard in Jamaica and eventually leading to John F. Kennedy International Airport.[23] Since then, several New York City Transit Authority proposals for an eastward extension have all failed.[7]: 72 

Documents Creation Time: <t0>01/27/2019, 20:30:59</t0> Following the station's opening, Downtown Flushing evolved into a major commercial and transit center, as development sprung around the section of Main Street near the station.[7]: 73–74  On April 24, 1939, express trains began operating to and from the station, in conjunction with the reconstruction of the Willets Point station for the 1939 World's Fair.[24][25] Due to the high level of passenger use, beginning in 1940 local residents requested an additional exit at the east end of the station, and the widening of existing staircases.[26][27][28][29] A new eastern entrance was added after <e0>World War II</e0>.[7]: 72 [30] Ground broke on the new entrance on November 5, 1947,[31][32] and it opened on October 28, 1948 with two new street stairs and an additional token booth.[33][32][34] Upon its initial opening, the new entrance did little to relieve crowding at the main fare control area.[33][32]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/23/2023, 11:35:04</t0> Continuously inhabited since the <e0>Paleolithic</e0> Age, the territory of modern-day Serbia faced Slavic migrations in the 6th century, establishing several regional states in the early Middle Ages at times recognised as tributaries to the Byzantine, Frankish and Hungarian kingdoms. The Serbian Kingdom obtained recognition by the Holy See and Constantinople in 1217, reaching its territorial apex in 1346 as the Serbian Empire. By the mid-16th century, the Ottomans annexed the entirety of modern-day Serbia; their rule was at times interrupted by the Habsburg Empire, which began expanding towards Central Serbia from the end of the 17th century while maintaining a foothold in Vojvodina. In the early 19th century, the Serbian Revolution established the nation-state as the region's first constitutional monarchy, which subsequently expanded its territory.[10] In 1918, in the aftermath of <e1>World War I</e1>, the Kingdom of Serbia united with the former Habsburg crownland of Vojvodina; later in the same year it joined with other South Slavic nations in the foundation of Yugoslavia, which existed in various political formations until the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s. During the breakup of Yugoslavia, Serbia formed a union with Montenegro,[11] which was peacefully dissolved in 2006, restoring Serbia's independence as a sovereign state for the first time since 1918.[12] In 2008, representatives of the Assembly of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence, with mixed responses from the international community while Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own sovereign territory.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/23/2023, 11:35:04</t0> Approximately around 6,500 years BC, during the <e0>Neolithic</e0>, the Starčevo and Vinča cultures existed in the region of modern-day Belgrade. They dominated much of Southeast Europe (as well as parts of Central Europe and Anatolia). Several important archaeological sites from this era, including Lepenski Vir and Vinča-Belo Brdo, still exist near the banks of the Danube.[19][20]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/23/2023, 11:35:04</t0> According to Tito himself, Serbs made up the vast majority of anti-fascist fighters and Yugoslav Partisans for the whole course of <e0>World War II</e0>.[118] The Republic of Užice was a short-lived liberated territory established by the Partisans and the first liberated territory in World War II Europe, organised as a military mini-state that existed in the autumn of 1941 in the west of occupied Serbia. By late 1944, the Belgrade Offensive swung in favour of the partisans in the civil war; the partisans subsequently gained control of Yugoslavia.[119] Following the Belgrade Offensive, the Syrmian Front was the last major military action of World War II in Serbia. A study by Vladimir Žerjavić estimates total war related deaths in Yugoslavia at 1,027,000, including 273,000 in Serbia.[120]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/23/2023, 11:35:04</t0> Serbia has an emerging market economy in upper-middle income range.[289] According to the International Monetary Fund, Serbian nominal GDP in 2022 is officially estimated at $65.697 billion or $9,561 per capita while purchasing power parity GDP stood at $153.076 billion or $22,278 per capita.[290] The economy is dominated by services which accounts for 67.9% of GDP, followed by industry with 26.1% of GDP, and agriculture at 6% of GDP.[291] The official currency of Serbia is Serbian dinar (<e0>ISO</e0> code: RSD), and the central bank is National Bank of Serbia. The Belgrade Stock Exchange is the only stock exchange in the country, with market capitalisation of $8.65 billion and BELEX15 as the main index representing the 15 most liquid stocks.[292] The country is ranked 52nd on the Social Progress Index[293] as well as 51st on the Global Peace Index.[294]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/23/2023, 11:35:04</t0> Folk music in its original form has been a prominent music style since <e0>World War I</e0> following the early success of Sofka Nikolić. The music has been further promoted by Danica Obrenić, Anđelija Milić, Nada Mamula, and during the 60s and 70s with performers like Silvana Armenulić, Toma Zdravković, Lepa Lukić, Vasilija Radojčić, Vida Pavlović and Gordana Stojićević.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/16/2023, 03:47:52</t0> Numerous factories, including Volkswagen (later became the Datsun/Nissan plant), Wilke Printing, Robert Bosch GmbH and Repco were opened after the <e0>Second World War</e0>. Clayton South and Westall are closer to the sandbelt areas, with the Spring Valley Golf Club, The Grange Reserve and Heatherton Park. Sanitary landfill sites occupy former sand quarries.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/01/2023, 18:33:50</t0> Crucible steel, formed by slowly heating and cooling pure iron and carbon (typically in the form of charcoal) in a crucible, was produced in Merv by the 9th to 10th century AD.[35] In the 11th century, there is evidence of the production of steel in <e0>Song China</e0> using two techniques: a "berganesque" method that produced inferior, inhomogeneous steel, and a precursor to the modern Bessemer process that used partial decarburization via repeated forging under a cold blast.[47]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/01/2023, 18:33:50</t0> Steel manufactured after <e0>World War II</e0> became contaminated with radionuclides by nuclear weapons testing. Low-background steel, steel manufactured prior to 1945, is used for certain radiation-sensitive applications such as Geiger counters and radiation shielding.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/04/2023, 16:48:15</t0> When <e0>World War II</e0> broke out, Shockley's prior research was interrupted and he became involved in radar research in Manhattan (New York City). In May 1942, he took leave from Bell Labs to become a research director at Columbia University's Anti-Submarine Warfare Operations Group.[18] This involved devising methods for countering the tactics of submarines with improved convoying techniques, optimizing depth charge patterns, and so on. Shockley traveled frequently to the Pentagon and Washington to meet high-ranking officers and government officials.[19]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>01/29/2019, 05:19:40</t0> Initially conceived as purely a metrology agency, the Bureau of Standards was directed by Herbert Hoover to set up divisions to develop commercial standards for materials and products.[13] Some of these standards were for products intended for government use, but product standards also affected private-sector consumption. Quality standards were developed for products including some types of clothing, automobile brake systems and headlamps, antifreeze, and electrical safety. During <e0>World War I</e0>, the Bureau worked on multiple problems related to war production, even operating its own facility to produce optical glass when European supplies were cut off. Between the wars, Harry Diamond of the Bureau developed a blind approach radio aircraft landing system. During World War II, military research and development was carried out, including development of radio propagation forecast methods, the proximity fuze and the standardized airframe used originally for Project Pigeon, and shortly afterwards the autonomously radar-guided Bat anti-ship guided bomb and the Kingfisher family of torpedo-carrying missiles.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/09/2020, 13:30:47</t0> He built an impressive international contact network at IFK and dominated the development of the club for 15 years.[17] He brought Danish multi-athlete Nils Middelboe's football philosophy and knowledge to Sweden in 1913,[26] and introduced pre-season training camps in 1917 (a revolutionary concept in Sweden at the time), an idea he had discovered in England during a field trip.[27] As football influences shifted from British to more Central European after the <e0>First World War</e0>,[28] Linde visited Hungary in 1920 and was impressed by the quick short-passing play of MTK Budapest.[29] A year later, IFK Göteborg contracted Sándor Bródy to coach the club.[2] Bródy became the first Central European head coach in Swedish football.[29] The hiring was the start of an influx of coaches from continental Europe to Sweden, including Willy Meisl, Imre Schlosser, and József Nagy.[29]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/09/2020, 13:30:47</t0> During <e0>World War II</e0>, all the potential national team opponents were either occupied by Nazi Germany, allied with them, or only reachable through their territory, which limited the selection of internationals.[105] As such, Sweden played Germany in a famous match at Olympiastadion in Berlin in 1942.[106] On the day of travel, the players noted that Carl Linde was missing from the airplane.[106] Linde was one of three officials travelling with the national team, appointed as trip leader alongside the manager and team coach.[107] His entry visa had been refused the day before, and the association hushed the matter up so as not to hurt relations with Germany.[106] Linde's replacement Hilding Hallgren [sv] had no difficulty in obtaining an entry visa on short notice, and the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs recommended not to cancel the trip.[108] As Linde had good relations with German sports officials—he was asked to cicerone a German Football Association visit to Sweden a short time before the incident—, and had no problems obtaining a German entry visa for a trip to Hamburg in november 1941, the reason for the refusal was not only Linde as a person.[109] The reasons for the denied visa likely included Linde's now averse stance against Germany, his close relations with uncompromising anti-Nazi Torgny Segerstedt,[106] and the harsh criticism against the Nazis by Linde's editor-in-chief Torsten Tegnér at Idrottsbladet.[105] The Germans had developed a greater aversion against the Swedish press during 1942, and even though there was no official reason for the visa refusal, it was likely part of a political reprisal against Idrottsbladet specifically, and the Swedish press in general.[110]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/10/2023, 16:02:27</t0> The PRT announced a project to bury the elevated tracks between 23rd to 46th streets in the 1920s.[4] The tunnel from 23rd to 32nd streets was completed by 1933, but construction on the remaining segment was put on hiatus due to the Great Depression and <e0>World War II</e0>.[4] The PRT went bankrupt in 1939 and was reorganized as the PTC,[5] which began building the rest of the tunnel in 1947.[4]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>01/22/2021, 20:16:40</t0> The Independent Order of Odd Fellows Building, at 123-125 North Market in Benton, Arkansas, is a historic building that served as an Independent Order of Odd Fellows meeting hall. E. Y. Stinson built the building in 1913 on land purchased from Saline Odd Fellows Lodge No. 174; the Odd Fellows bought the building back the following year. The Odd Fellows used the second floor of the building as a meeting hall; the ground floor was sold to a hardware store, as Odd Fellows lodges were discouraged from meeting on the ground floor of a building. During its time in the building, the Odd Fellows Lodge included several prominent local businessmen and politicians as members, including a Saline County sheriff. The lodge was also responsible for hosting major Benton social events, such as Fourth of July picnics. The lodge's membership began to decline during <e0>World War II</e0>, and it sold the building in 1971.[2]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/02/2023, 21:45:48</t0> The Eurovision Song Contest 2000 was the 45th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Stockholm, Sweden, following the country's victory at the <e0>1999 contest</e0> with the song "Take Me to Your Heaven" by Charlotte Nilsson. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Sveriges Television (SVT), the contest was held at the Globe Arena on 13 May 2000. The contest was presented by Swedish television presenters Kattis Ahlström and Anders Lundin.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/02/2023, 21:45:48</t0> The 2000 contest took place in Stockholm, Sweden, following the country's victory at the <e0>1999 edition</e0> with the song "Take Me to Your Heaven", performed by Charlotte Nilsson. It was the fourth time that Sweden had staged the contest, following the editions held in 1975, 1985 and 1992, held in Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö, respectively. It was the first time since 1996 that the contest was held on mainland Europe, having in the interim been held in Ireland, the United Kingdom and Israel.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/08/2023, 00:31:39</t0> Otlet founded the Institut International de Bibliographie (IIB) in 1895, later renamed as (in English) the International Federation for Information and Documentation (FID). In 1894, he had <e0>Art Nouveau</e0> architect Octave van Rysselberghe build his mansion in Brussels, the so-called Hotel Otlet.[5][6]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/08/2023, 00:31:39</t0> In 1913, La Fontaine won the Nobel Peace Prize, and invested his winnings into Otlet and La Fontaine's bibliographic ventures, which were suffering from lack of funding. Otlet journeyed to the United States in early 1914 to try to get additional funding from the U.S. Government, but his efforts soon came to a halt due to the outbreak of <e0>World War I</e0>. Otlet returned to Belgium, but quickly fled after it became occupied by the Germans; he spent the majority of the war in Paris and various cities in Switzerland. Both his sons fought in the Belgian army, and one of them, Jean, died during the war in the Battle of the Yser.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/08/2023, 00:31:39</t0> In the wake of <e0>World War II</e0>, the contributions of Otlet to the field of information science were lost sight of in the rising popularity of the ideas of American information scientists such as Vannevar Bush, Douglas Engelbart, Ted Nelson and by such theorists of information organization as Seymour Lubetzky.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/28/2023, 07:06:34</t0> In 1961, New York City doo-wop group The Dellwoods (recording then as the "Sweet Sickteens") had released a novelty single on RCA Victor, written by Norman Blagman and Sam Bobrick, "The Pretzel" (a satiric take on then-current dance songs such as "The Twist"), <e0>b/w</e0> "Agnes (The Teenage Russian Spy)". Both songs were later included on Mad "Twists" Rock 'N' Roll. (The Sweet Sickteens were Victor Buccellato (lead singer), Mike Ellis (tenor), Andy Ventura (tenor), Amadeo Tese (baritone), and Saul Zeskand (bass),[97][101][better source needed][102][better source needed]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/21/2021, 15:47:51</t0> As per the agreement reached during the San Remo conference of 1920, the French state received the 25% share held by Deutsche Bank in the Turkish Petroleum Company (TPC) as part of the compensation for war damages caused by Germany during <e0>World War I</e0>. The French government's stake in TPC was transferred to CFP,[5] and the Red Line agreement in 1928 rearranged the shareholding of CFP in TPC (later renamed the Iraq Petroleum Company in 1929) to 23.75%.[6] The company from the start was regarded as a private sector company in view of its listing on the Paris Stock Exchange in 1929.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/21/2021, 15:47:51</t0> On 30 March 2023, Total sold a shipment of LNG which it sourced from UAE to CNOOC on the Shanghai Petroleum and Natural Gas Exchange. It was reportedly the first trade to be settled in the <e0>renminbi</e0> (Chinese yuan) currency on the SHPGX.[65][66]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/10/2023, 18:18:32</t0> Valangaiman Sankaranarayana Srinivasa Sastri CH PC (22 September 1869 – 17 April 1946) was an Indian politician, administrator, educator, orator and Indian independence activist. He was acclaimed for his oratory and command over the English language.[1][2] Srinivasa Sastri was born to a poor temple priest in the village of Valangaiman near Kumbakonam, India. He completed his education at Kumbakonam and worked as a school teacher and later, headmaster in Triplicane, Madras. He entered politics in 1905 when he joined the Servants of India Society. Sastri served as a member of the Indian National Congress from 1908 to 1922, but later resigned in protest against the Non-Cooperation movement. Sastri was one of the founding members of the <e0>Indian Liberal Party</e0>. In his later days, he was strongly opposed to the partition of India.[3]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/10/2023, 18:18:32</t0> In 1922, Sastri resigned his membership of the Indian National Congress after disagreeing with its leadership on the issue of non-cooperation and established the <e0>Indian Liberal Party</e0> along with Tej Bahadur Sapru.[3] He consequently served as a President of the Indian Liberal Federation. In 1924, he accompanied Annie Besant on a visit to England demanding Home Rule for India.[5] He also participated in the first and second round table conferences.[5]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/08/2023, 08:54:55</t0> The earliest settlers on Islay were nomadic hunter-gatherers who may have first arrived during the Mesolithic period after the retreat of the Pleistocene ice caps. A flint arrowhead, which was found in a field near Bridgend in 1993 and dates from 10,800 BC, is amongst the earliest evidence of a human presence found so far in Scotland.[52][Note 5] Stone implements of the Ahrensburgian culture found at Rubha Port an t-Seilich near Port Askaig by foraging pigs in 2015 probably came from a summer camp used by hunters travelling round the coast in boats.[55][56] <e0>Mesolithic</e0> finds have been dated to 7000 BC using radiocarbon dating of shells and debris from kitchen middens.[57][58] By the <e1>Neolithic</e1>, settlements had become more permanent,[59] allowing for the construction of several communal monuments.[60]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/08/2023, 08:54:55</t0> During <e0>World War I</e0> two troop ships foundered off Islay within a few months of each other in 1918.[118] The SS Tuscania, a converted British liner carrying American Doughboys to France, was torpedoed by SM UB-77 on 5 February with the loss of over 160 lives and now lies in deep water 6.4 km (4 mi) west of the Mull of Oa.[119] On 6 October HMS Otranto was involved in a collision with HMS Kashmir in heavy seas while similarly transporting American Doughboys from New York Harbor. Otranto lost steering and drifted towards the west coast of the Rinns. Answering her SOS the destroyer HMS Mounsey attempted to come alongside and managed to rescue over 350 men. Nonetheless, the Otranto was wrecked on the shore near Machir Bay with a total loss of 431 lives.[120] A monument was erected on the coast of The Oa by the American Red Cross to commemorate the sinking of these two ships.[121] A military cemetery was created at Kilchoman where the dead from both nations in the latter disaster were buried (all but one of the American bodies were later exhumed and returned home).[118][122]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/08/2023, 08:54:55</t0> During <e0>World War II</e0>, the RAF built an airfield at Glenegedale which later became the civil airport for Islay. There was also an RAF Coastal Command flying boat base at Bowmore from 13 March 1941 using Loch Indaal.[123] In 1944 an RCAF 422 Squadron Sunderland flying boat's crew were rescued after their aircraft landed off Bowmore but broke from her moorings in a gale and sank.[124] There was an RAF Chain Home radar station at Saligo Bay and RAF Chain Home Low station at Kilchiaran.[125][126]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/15/2023, 19:11:07</t0> The year <e0>2010</e0> in television in Hong Kong.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/25/2023, 20:31:14</t0> Following the 1914–15 edition, the competition was suspended due to the <e0>First World War</e0>, and did not resume until 1919–20. The 1923 FA Cup Final, commonly known as the "White Horse Final", was the first final to be played in the newly opened Wembley Stadium (known at the time as the Empire Stadium). The 1927 final saw "Abide with Me" being sung for the first time at the Cup final, which has become a pre-match tradition.[4] Due to the outbreak of <e1>World War II</e1>, the competition was not played between the 1938–39 and 1945–46 editions. Due to the wartime breaks, the competition did not celebrate its centenary year until 1980–81; fittingly the final featured a goal by Ricky Villa which was later voted the greatest goal ever scored in an FA Cup Final, but has since been replaced by Steven Gerrard.[5]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/25/2023, 20:31:14</t0> The final is normally held the Saturday after the Premier League season finishes in May. The only seasons in recent times when this pattern was not followed were: 1999–2000, when most rounds were played a few weeks earlier than normal as an experiment; 2010–11 and 2012–13 when the FA Cup Final was played before the Premier League season had finished, to allow Wembley Stadium to be ready for the UEFA Champions League final,[22] as well as in 2011–12 to allow England time to prepare for that summer's <e0>European Championships</e0>;,[23] 2019–20 when the final was delayed until August due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom,[24][25] and the 2021-22 when the final was held a week before the end of the league.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/25/2023, 20:31:14</t0> Portsmouth have the distinction of being the football club which has held the FA Cup trophy for the longest uninterrupted period - seven years. Portsmouth had defeated Wolverhampton Wanderers 4–1 in the 1939 FA Cup Final and were awarded the trophy as 1938–39 FA Cup winners. But with the outbreak of <e0>World War II</e0> in September 1939, the regular Football League and FA Cup competitions for the 1939–40 season were cancelled for the duration of the war. Portsmouth's manager Jack Tinn was rumoured to have kept the FA Cup trophy 'safe under his bed' throughout the duration of the war, but this is an urban myth. Because the naval city of Portsmouth was a primary strategic military target for German Luftwaffe bombing, the FA Cup trophy was actually taken ten miles to the north of Portsmouth, to the nearby Hampshire village of Lovedean, and there it resided in a quaint thatched roof country pub called The Bird in Hand for the seven years of the war.[49] After the conclusion of World War II, the FA Cup trophy was presented back to the Football Association by the club in time for the 1946 FA Cup Final.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/25/2022, 19:36:12</t0> During the Axis occupation of Greece (1941–1945), strong resistance developed within the city, the factories and the military airport, which once stationed Squadron 80, the squadron that Roald Dahl[29] was assigned to in the RAF. After <e0>World War II</e0>, workers from all parts of Greece moved to Elefsina to work in the industries in the region. Industrial activity, however, developed anarchically on the antiquities and next to the residential area.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/23/2023, 09:25:32</t0> Alix has seen little translation into English. In 1971 the London publisher Ward Lock &amp; Co issued two titles, The Sacred Helmet (La tiare d'Oribal), and The Black Claw (La griffe noire). These books are now considered relatively rare. Two more titles, The Lost Legions (Les légions perdues), and The Altar of Fire (Le dernier Spartiate) were also projected for publication that year, but never appeared. A reviewer for the Times Literary Supplement found Alix singularly lacking in humour compared to <e0>Asterix</e0>, effectively killing prospects for continued publication in a market not yet accustomed to the wider Franco-Belgian tradition.[3]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/23/2023, 09:25:32</t0> In Sweden, Alix was presumably the second most popular adventure albums, after Tintin. However, the funny magazines <e0>Asterix</e0> and Lucky Luke sold better than Alix.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/13/2023, 16:38:18</t0> Incheon became a China-friendly city after the modern opening of late 1800s. Korea started modern trade by signing the China–Korea Treaty of 1882.[9] Incheon's Chinatown area came into being with the opening of the Incheon Port in 1883 and Incheon's designation as an extraterritoriality of the <e0>Qing dynasty</e0>.[8] After this, 'Incheon Chinese Society' (華僑) begun in earnest following the establishment of the Chinese concession of Incheon in today's Incheon in 1884.[10][9] An 1883 report indicated that 63 Chinese people lived there. And they increased to 235 people in one year. In 1892, they increased to 637 people, and they increased to about 1000 people in early 1900.[11] Overseas Chinese who currently live in Incheon in 2015 number 50,000 people.[12] 'Incheon Chinatown' improved the relationship of Korea and China.[9] Incheon Chinatown street name will change to China's well-known street or city names in 2016.[13] Today, the Chinese residents of Chinatown are mostly 2nd or 3rd generation descendents of the early Chinese settlers.[8]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/14/2023, 17:26:59</t0> The film depicts Lawrence's experiences in the Ottoman provinces of Hejaz and Greater Syria during the <e0>First World War</e0>, in particular his attacks on Aqaba and Damascus and his involvement in the Arab National Council. Its themes include Lawrence's emotional struggles with the violence inherent in war, his identity and his divided allegiance between his native Britain with its army, and his new-found comrades within the Arabian desert tribes.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/14/2023, 17:26:59</t0> During the <e0>First World War</e0>, Lawrence is a misfit British Army lieutenant, notable for his insolence and education. Over the objections of General Murray, Mr. Dryden of the Arab Bureau sends him to assess the prospects of Prince Faisal in his revolt against the Turks. On the journey, his Bedouin guide Tafas is killed by Sherif Ali ibn el Kharish for drinking from his well without permission. Lawrence later meets Colonel Brighton, who orders him to keep quiet, make his assessment, and leave. Lawrence ignores Brighton's orders when he meets Faisal; his outspokenness piques the prince's interest.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/14/2023, 17:26:59</t0> <e0>Time</e0> magazine felt that while Lawrence of Arabia "falls far short of Kwai in dramatic impact, it nevertheless presents a vivid and intelligent spectacle." It further praised O'Toole's performance, writing he "continually dominates the screen, and he dominates it with professional skill, Irish charm and smashing good looks."[88] Chicago Tribune wrote the photography was "no less than superb" and felt the script "is taut and expressive and the musical score deftly attuned to the tale. Director David Lean has molded his massive material with skill, but personally I felt the film was too long, the running time is 221 minutes, or 20 minutes short of 4 hours and in the latter part, unnecessarily bloody."[89] A review in Newsweek praised the film as "an admirably seriously film ... The size, the scope, the fantastical scale of his personality and his achievement is triumphantly there." It also praised the ensemble cast as "all as good as they ought to be. And Peter O'Toole is not only good; he is an unnerving look-alike of the real Lawrence. He is reliably unreliable, steadily mercurial."[90]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/19/2023, 04:16:22</t0> Since <e0>World War I</e0>, the word howitzer has been changing to describe artillery pieces that previously would have belonged to the category of gun-howitzers – relatively long barrels and high muzzle velocities combined with multiple propelling charges and high maximum elevations. This is particularly true in the armed forces of the United States, where gun-howitzers have been officially described as howitzers since <e1>World War II</e1>. Because of this practice, the word howitzer is used in some armies as a generic term for any kind of artillery piece that is designed to attack targets using indirect fire. Thus, artillery pieces that bear little resemblance to howitzers of earlier eras are now described as howitzers, although the British call them guns.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/19/2023, 04:16:22</t0> The onset of trench warfare after the first few months of the <e0>World War I</e0> greatly increased the demand for howitzers that gave a steep angle of descent, which were better suited than guns to the task of striking targets in a vertical plane (such as trenches), with large amounts of explosive and considerably less barrel wear. The German army was well equipped with howitzers, having far more at the beginning of the war than France.[25]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/19/2023, 04:16:22</t0> During <e0>World War II</e0>, the military doctrine of Soviet deep battle called for extensive use of heavy artillery to hold the formal line of front. Soviet doctrine was remarkably different from the German doctrine of Blitzkrieg and called for a far more extensive use of artillery. As a result, howitzers saw most of the action on the Eastern front. Most of the howitzers produced by the USSR at the time were not self-propelled. Notable examples of Soviet howitzers include the M-10, M-30 and D-1.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/02/2023, 19:19:03</t0> Accounting is thousands of years old and can be traced to <e0>ancient</e0> civilizations.[12][13][14] One early development of accounting dates back to ancient Mesopotamia, and is closely related to developments in writing, counting and money;[12] there is also evidence of early forms of bookkeeping in ancient Iran,[15][16] and early auditing systems by the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians.[13] By the time of Emperor Augustus, the Roman government had access to detailed financial information.[17]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/30/2023, 08:45:10</t0> There is no longer a single, centralized cohesive Fourth International. Throughout most of its existence and history, the Fourth International was hunted by agents of the NKVD, subjected to political repression by countries such as France and the United States, and by supporters of the Soviet Union. The Fourth International struggled to maintain contact under these conditions of crackdowns and repression during <e0>World War II</e0> due to the fact that subsequent proletarian uprisings were often under the influence of Soviet-aligned Stalinists and militant nationalist groups, leading to defeats for the Fourth International and the Trotskyists, who subsequently never managed to obtain meaningful influence.[2]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/30/2023, 08:45:10</t0> After the International Workingmen's Association disbanded in 1876, several attempts were made to revive the organisation, culminating in the formation of the Socialist International (Second International) in 1889. This was disbanded in 1916 following disagreements over <e0>World War I</e0>. Although the organisation reformed in 1923 as the Labour and Socialist International, supporters of the October Revolution and the Bolsheviks had already set up the Communist International (Comintern), which they regarded as the Third International.[10] This was organised on a democratic centralist basis, with component parties required to fight for policies adopted by the body as a whole.[11]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/30/2023, 08:45:10</t0> The foundation of the Fourth International was therefore spurred in part by a desire to form a stronger political current, rather than being seen as the communist opposition to the Comintern and the Soviet Union. Trotsky believed that its formation was all the more urgent for the role he saw it playing in the impending <e0>World War</e0>.[1]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/30/2023, 08:45:10</t0> The foundation of the Fourth International was seen as more than just the simple renaming of an international tendency that was already in existence. It was argued that the Third International had now degenerated completely and was therefore to be seen as a counter-revolutionary organisation that would in time of crisis defend capitalism. Trotsky believed that the coming <e0>World War</e0> would produce a revolutionary wave of class and national struggles, rather as <e1>World War I</e1> had done.[1]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/30/2023, 08:45:10</t0> At the outbreak of <e0>World War II</e0>, in 1939, the International Secretariat was moved to New York City. The resident International Executive Committee failed to meet, largely because of a struggle in the U.S. Socialist Workers Party (SWP) between Trotsky's supporters and the tendency of Max Shachtman, Martin Abern and James Burnham. The secretariat was composed of those committee members who happened to be in the city, most of whom were co-thinkers of Shachtman.[27] The disagreement centred on the Shachtmanites' disagreements with the SWP's internal policy,[28] and over the FI's unconditional defence of the USSR.[29]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/02/2023, 14:24:28</t0> By the post-<e0>World War II</e0> period and its economic consensus and expansion, most social democrats in Europe had abandoned their ideological connection to orthodox Marxism. They shifted their emphasis toward social policy reform as a compromise between capitalism to socialism.[98] According to Michael Harrington, the primary reason for this was the perspective that viewed the Stalinist-era Soviet Union as having succeeded in usurping the legacy of Marxism and distorting it in propaganda to justify totalitarianism.[99] In its foundation, the Socialist International denounced the Bolshevik-inspired communist movement, "for [it] falsely claims a share in the Socialist tradition".[100] Furthermore, core tenets of Marxism have been regarded by social democrats as having become obsolete, including the prediction that the working class was the decisive class with the development of capitalism. In their view, this did not materialize in the aftermath of mass industrialization during World War II.[99]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/29/2023, 22:06:13</t0> Performing <e0>astronomy</e0> from ground-based observatories on Earth is limited by the filtering and distortion of electromagnetic radiation (scintillation or twinkling) due to the atmosphere.[1] A telescope orbiting Earth outside the atmosphere is subject neither to twinkling nor to light pollution from artificial light sources on Earth. As a result, the angular resolution of space telescopes is often much higher than a ground-based telescope with a similar aperture. Many larger terrestrial telescopes, however, reduce atmospheric effects with adaptive optics.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/11/2022, 04:30:40</t0> SM UC-114 was a German Type UC III minelaying submarine or U-boat built for the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during <e0>World War I</e0>.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>02/19/2023, 04:18:23</t0> As of June 2019, the Khan Academy channel on YouTube has more than 4.8 million subscribers and the Khan Academy videos have been viewed more than 1.6 billion times.[2] In 2012, <e0>Time</e0> named Salman Khan in its annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world.[3] In the same year, Forbes magazine featured Khan on its cover, with the story "$1 Trillion Opportunity."[4]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/16/2023, 21:01:06</t0> In The New Yorker, Penelope Gilliatt said it was "some kind of great film, and an unforgettable endeavor ... The film is hypnotically entertaining, and it is funny without once being gaggy, but it is also rather harrowing."[142] Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times wrote that it was "the picture that science fiction fans of every age and in every corner of the world have prayed (sometimes forlornly) that the industry might some day give them. It is an ultimate statement of the science fiction film, an awesome realization of the spatial future ... it is a milestone, a landmark for a spacemark, in the art of film."[143] Louise Sweeney of The Christian Science Monitor felt that 2001 was "a brilliant intergalactic satire on modern technology. It's also a dazzling 160-minute tour on the Kubrick filmship through the universe out there beyond our earth."[144] Philip French wrote that the film was "perhaps the first multi-million-dollar supercolossal movie since D.W. Griffith's Intolerance fifty years ago which can be regarded as the work of one man ... Space Odyssey is important as the high-water mark of science-fiction movie making, or at least of the genre's futuristic branch."[145] The Boston Globe's review called it "the world's most extraordinary film. Nothing like it has ever been shown in Boston before or, for that matter, anywhere ... The film is as exciting as the discovery of a new dimension in life."[146] Roger Ebert gave the film four stars in his original review, saying the film "succeeds magnificently on a cosmic scale".[48] He later put it on his Top 10 list for Sight &amp; Sound.[147] <e0>Time</e0> provided at least seven different mini-reviews of the film in various issues in 1968, each one slightly more positive than the preceding one; in the final review dated 27 December 1968, the magazine called 2001 "an epic film about the history and future of mankind, brilliantly directed by Stanley Kubrick. The special effects are mindblowing."[148]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/16/2023, 21:01:06</t0> On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a "Certified Fresh" rating of 92% based on 118 reviews, with an average rating of 9.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads: "One of the most influential of all sci-fi films – and one of the most controversial – Stanley Kubrick's 2001 is a delicate, poetic meditation on the ingenuity – and folly – of mankind."[111] Review aggregator Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, has assigned the film a score of 84 out of 100, based on 25 critic reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[157] 2001 was the only science fiction film to make Sight &amp; Sound's 2012 list of the ten best films,[158] and tops the <e0>Online Film Critics Society</e0> list of greatest science fiction films of all time.[159] In 2012, the Motion Picture Editors Guild listed the film as the 19th best-edited film of all time based on a survey of its membership.[160] Other lists that include the film are 50 Films to See Before You Die (#6), The Village Voice 100 Best Films of the 20th century (#11), and Roger Ebert's Top Ten (1968) (#2). In 1995, the Vatican named it one of the 45 best films ever made (and included it in a sub-list of the "Top Ten Art Movies" of all time.)[161] In 1998, Time Out conducted a reader's poll and 2001: A Space Odyssey was voted as #9 on the list of "greatest films of all time".[162] Entertainment Weekly voted it no. 26 on their list of 100 Greatest Movies of All Time.[163] In 2017, Empire magazine's readers' poll ranked the film 21st on its list of "The 100 Greatest Movies".[164] In the Sight &amp; Sound poll of 480 directors published in December 2022, 2001: A Space Odyssey was voted as the Greatest Film of All Time, ahead of Citizen Kane and The Godfather.[165][166]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>01/29/2023, 18:29:38</t0> The presidium of newly created academy and its first academicians (three to each department) were appointed by the Ukrainian government, while the future members were expected to be elected by those academicians (as an active members).[8] Among the first academicians were historians Dmytro Bahaliy and Orest Levytsky, economists Mykhailo Tuhan-Baranovsky and Volodymyr Kosynsky, eastern studies Ahathanhel Krymsky and Nikolai Petrov, linguist Stepan Smal-Stotsky, geologists Volodymyr Vernadsky and Pavlo Tutkovsky, biologist Mykola Kashchenko, mechanic Stepan Tymoshenko, law studies Fedir Taranovsky. For the post of the President of the Academy, the Hetman of Ukraine (head of state) Pavlo Skoropadsky invited Mykhailo Hrushevsky[a] who at that time was the president of the Ukrainian Science Society and before the <e0>World War I</e0> served as the president of the Shevchenko Scientific Society in Lemberg, neighboring Austria-Hungary, but Hrushevsky declined the invitation[10] yet later (sometime after 1923) became a major figure in the Ukrainian Academy of Science (UAS) in Kyiv.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>08/29/2023, 20:31:22</t0> If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a <e0>wiki</e0>, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the Edit this page link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/15/2023, 22:08:49</t0> In foreign affairs, the United States generally pursued a noninterventionist policy of "avoiding foreign entanglements" before <e0>World War II</e0>. After the war, when America became a superpower, for many decades the country embraced internationalism, seeking allies to contain Communism and foster economic cooperation.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/19/2023, 01:37:05</t0> Buick is one of China's most popular, best-selling automobiles.[6] In 2016, General Motors sold over 1.1 million Buicks in China.[51] Buicks have always been popular in China. In pre-<e0>World War II</e0> China, one in five cars was a Buick.[52] Buicks were used by the last emperor Puyi, the first president Sun Yat-sen, and the first premier Zhou Enlai.[6]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/09/2022, 13:08:17</t0> The squadron, which served on the Eastern Front of the <e0>European theatre of World War II</e0> with the 1st Air Army, is notable as one of only three units from Western Allied countries to see combat on the Eastern Front during the war and was the only Western Allied unit which fought with Soviet forces until the end of the war in Europe.[2][3] The 3rd Fighter Group (Groupe de Chasse 3, or GC 3) in the Free French Air Forces was initially a group of French fighter pilots sent to aid Soviet forces on the Eastern Front at the suggestion of Charles de Gaulle, leader of the Free French Forces, who felt it important that French servicemen serve on all fronts of the war. The group, first commanded by Jean Tulasne, fought in three campaigns on behalf of the Soviet Union between 22 March 1943 and 9 May 1945. It destroyed 273 enemy aircraft and received a number of orders, citations and decorations from the Free French and Soviet governments, including the French Légion d'Honneur and the Soviet Order of the Red Banner. Joseph Stalin named the squadron Niemen for its participation in the Battle of the Niemen River.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/04/2022, 17:04:23</t0> Borås Arena is a football stadium in Borås, Sweden, and it is the home ground of IF Elfsborg and Norrby IF. Borås Arena has an artificial turf pitch, and was changed to the most modern synthetic turf on the market during the <e0>UEFA Euro 2012</e0>[4] at a cost of £500,000. The capacity of the arena is 14,500–17,800 depending on usage, 14,800 is mostly the capacity during international matches, because Uefa would not approve the installation of seats on the standing because of fire risk which means a lower capacity is needed to be approved by Uefa. Borås Arena is located next to Elfsborg's old home ground Ryavallen, both of the stadiums are built together at the roofs, which means that the new stadium is still attached to the old historical Ryavallen.[5]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/04/2023, 01:40:14</t0> On their next two albums, ATLiens (1996) and Aquemini (1998), Outkast experimented with their sound by adding elements of trip hop, soul, and jungle. The albums were also influenced by a return to traditional black music genres, with funk being the most prominent example. Outkast's style and lyricism again received commercial and critical acclaim. With the duo's portrayal of themselves as out-of-place extraterrestrials in ATLiens, Benjamin's lyrics, in particular, were noted for their <e0>surreal</e0>, space-age tinge: "the funkadelic, futuristic, and seemingly unfamiliar, weird, or eccentric persona projected by André 3000 creates the chance to transcend the more pronounced characterizations of gangstas and pimps so regularly assumed by black men rap artists."[13] During the recording of these albums, Benjamin took up guitar, painting, and a relationship with singer Erykah Badu.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/30/2022, 14:23:48</t0> Biden has said he is against regime change, but for providing non-military support to opposition movements.[559] He opposed direct U.S. intervention in Libya,[560][217] voted against U.S. participation in the Gulf War,[561] voted in favor of the Iraq War,[562] and supports a two-state solution in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.[563] Biden has pledged to end U.S. support for the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen and to reevaluate the United States' relationship with Saudi Arabia.[257] Biden supports extending the <e0>New START</e0> arms control treaty with Russia to limit the number of nuclear weapons deployed by both sides.[564][565] In 2021, Biden officially recognized the Armenian genocide, becoming the first U.S. president to do so.[566][e]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>03/16/2023, 23:18:25</t0> During <e0>World War II</e0> the United States government went around to most theaters and confiscated all the brass which it recycled for war materials. At the time, the owners of the Palace Theatre painted all the brass in the theater white, so that when the government came in, they were tricked into thinking the theater contained no brass. The brass was left this way and generally forgotten until the recent renovation, when the paint was removed and the rare brass ornamentation was rediscovered and restored to its original condition.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/28/2023, 00:15:44</t0> While the concept has a geological origin, it is an indication of the effect of both Charles Darwin and Matthew F. Maury on the Earth sciences. The biosphere's ecological context comes from the 1920s (see Vladimir I. Vernadsky), preceding the 1935 introduction of the term "ecosystem" by Sir Arthur Tansley (see ecology history). Vernadsky defined ecology as the science of the biosphere. It is an interdisciplinary concept for integrating <e0>astronomy</e0>, geophysics, meteorology, biogeography, evolution, geology, geochemistry, hydrology and, generally speaking, all life and Earth sciences.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/13/2023, 04:01:05</t0> A large part of Mercator's income came from sales of terrestrial and celestial globes. For sixty years they were considered the finest in the world, and were sold in such numbers that there are many surviving examples. This was a substantial enterprise involving the manufacture of the spheres, printing the gores, building substantial stands, packing and distributing them all over Europe. He was also renowned for his scientific instruments, particularly his astrolabes and astronomical rings used to study the geometry of <e0>astronomy</e0> and astrology.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>01/02/2023, 10:44:45</t0> To <e0>D.Lazard</e0>, regarding the recent revert, I justify the need for a compactness section because a careful reading reveals that the term compactness is used for the definition of a term in the section 'absolute continuity', as well as the statement that continuous functions are uniformly continuous on compact sets. It is unjustifiable not to define such an important real analysis concept. As for the charge that the section is irrelevant, I point to the focus on the closed and bounded definition as the most relevant for real analysis.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/16/2023, 14:54:15</t0> In the central coast of Peru, around the beginning of the 1st millennium AD, Moche (100 BC – 700 AD, at the northern coast of Peru), Paracas and Nazca (400 BC – 800 AD, Peru) cultures flourished with centralized states with permanent militia improving agriculture through irrigation and new styles of ceramic art. At the Altiplano, Tiahuanaco or <e0>Tiwanaku</e0> (100 BC – 1200 AD, Bolivia) managed a large commercial network based on religion.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/16/2023, 14:54:15</t0> In the new century, as wars became less violent and less frequent, Brazil entered into a small conflict with Bolivia for the possession of the Acre, which was acquired by Brazil in 1902. In 1917 Brazil declared war on the Central Powers, joined the allied side in the <e0>First World War</e0> and sent a small fleet to the Mediterranean Sea and some troops to be integrated with the British and French forces in the region. Brazil was the only South American country that participated in the First World War.[59][60] Later in 1932 Colombia and Peru entered a short armed conflict for territory in the Amazon. In the same year Paraguay declared war on Bolivia for possession of the Chaco, in a conflict that ended three years later with Paraguay's victory. Between 1941 and 1942 Peru and Ecuador fought for territories claimed by both that were annexed by Peru, usurping Ecuador's frontier with Brazil.[61]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/16/2023, 14:54:15</t0> Also in this period, the first major naval battle of <e0>World War II</e0> took place in the South Atlantic close to the continental mainland: the Battle of the River Plate, between a British cruiser squadron and a German pocket battleship.[62] The Germans still made numerous attacks on Brazilian ships on the coast, causing Brazil to declare war on the Axis powers in 1942, being the only South American country to fight in this war (and in both World Wars). Brazil sent naval and air forces to combat German and Italian submarines off the continent and throughout the South Atlantic, in addition to sending an expeditionary force to fight in the Italian Campaign.[63][64]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/16/2023, 14:54:15</t0> Revolutionary movements and right-wing military dictatorships became common after <e0>World War II</e0>, but since the 1980s, a wave of democratization passed through the continent, and democratic rule is widespread now.[68] Nonetheless, allegations of corruption are still very common, and several countries have developed crises which have forced the resignation of their governments, although, on most occasions, regular civilian succession has continued.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>01/02/2023, 13:37:42</t0> The City Hall was built around 1660, and remains standing today despite being damaged during <e0>World War II</e0>. The city was occupied by Nazi Germany during the German occupation of Hungary, and remained as such until the Red Army captured the city on 24 October.[6][7]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/19/2023, 08:04:57</t0> Apollo 16 (April 16–27, 1972) was the tenth crewed mission in the United States <e0>Apollo space program</e0>, administered by NASA, and the fifth and penultimate to land on the Moon. It was the second of Apollo's "J missions", with an extended stay on the lunar surface, a focus on science, and the use of the Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV). The landing and exploration were in the Descartes Highlands, a site chosen because some scientists expected it to be an area formed by volcanic action, though this proved not to be the case.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/19/2023, 08:04:57</t0> For projects <e0>Mercury</e0> and Gemini, a prime and a backup crew had been designated, but for Apollo, a third group of astronauts, known as the support crew, was also designated. Slayton created the support crews early in the Apollo Program on the advice of Apollo crew commander James McDivitt, who would lead Apollo 9. McDivitt believed that, with preparation going on in facilities across the U.S., meetings that needed a member of the flight crew would be missed. Support crew members were to assist as directed by the mission commander.[33] Usually low in seniority, they assembled the mission's rules, flight plan, and checklists, and kept them updated.[34][35] For Apollo 16, they were: Anthony W. England, Karl G. Henize, Henry W. Hartsfield Jr., Robert F. Overmyer and Donald H. Peterson.[6]