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-3995871984744853423 | Tierra del Fuego - wikipedia <H1> Tierra del Fuego </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the archipelago of Tierra del Fuego . For the island , see Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego . For other uses , see Tierra del Fuego ( disambiguation ) . <Table> Tierra del Fuego archipelago <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Tierra del Fuego archipelago in the bottom half of the image </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Tierra del Fuego archipelago Political map of Tierra del Fuego and mainland South America </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Geography </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Pacific Ocean , Atlantic Ocean </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Major islands </Th> <Td> Tierra del Fuego , Hoste , Navarino , Gordon , Wollastone , Noir , Staten , Hermite , Santa Inés , Clarence , Dawson , Capitán Aracena , Londonderry , Picton , Lennox , Nueva , Diego Ramírez , O'Brien , and Desolación Islands among many others </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Highest point </Th> <Td> Mount Darwin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Administration </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Chile </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Region </Th> <Td> Magallanes y Antártica Chilena </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Provinces </Th> <Td> Tierra del Fuego Province and Antártica Chilena </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Communes </Th> <Td> Cabo de Hornos , Antártica , Porvenir , Primavera , Timaukel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Argentina </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Province </Th> <Td> Tierra del Fuego </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Demographics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Population </Th> <Td> > 135,000 ( 2010 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ethnic groups </Th> <Td> Argentines , Chileans , Croats , Selknams , Yaghans </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Tierra del Fuego ( / tiˈɛərə dɛl ˈfweɪɡoʊ / , Spanish : ( ˈtjera ðel ˈfweɣo ) ; Spanish for `` Land of Fire '' ) is an archipelago off the southernmost tip of the South American mainland , across the Strait of Magellan . The archipelago consists of the main island , Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego , with an area of 48,100 km ( 18,572 sq mi ) , and a group of many islands , including Cape Horn and Diego Ramírez Islands . Tierra del Fuego is divided between Chile and Argentina , with the latter controlling the eastern half of the main island and the former the western half plus the islands south of Beagle Channel . The southernmost extent of the archipelago is at about latitude 55 S . </P> <P> The earliest known human settlement in Tierra del Fuego dates to around 8,000 B.C. Europeans first explored the islands during Ferdinand Magellan 's expedition of 1520 ; Tierra del Fuego and similar namings stem from sightings of the many bonfires that the natives built . Settlement by those of European descent and the great displacement of the native populations did not begin until the second half of the 19th century , at the height of the Patagonian sheep farming boom and of the local gold rush . Today , petroleum extraction dominates economic activity in the north of Tierra del Fuego , while tourism , manufacturing , and Antarctic logistics are important in the south . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Prehistory and European exploration </Li> <Li> 1.2 European colonization and extinction of Native Americans ( 1860 -- 1910 ) </Li> <Li> 1.3 Recent history ( 1940 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Geography <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Geology </Li> <Li> 2.2 Climate </Li> <Li> 2.3 Flora </Li> <Li> 2.4 Fauna </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Economy </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 Notes </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Prehistory and European exploration ( edit ) </H3> Selknam men hunting <P> The earliest human settlement occurred around 8,000 BC . The Yaghan were some of the earliest known humans to settle in Tierra del Fuego . Archeological sites with characteristics of their culture have been found at locations such as Navarino Island . </P> <P> The name Tierra del Fuego derives from the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan ; sailing for the Spanish Crown , in 1520 he was the first European to visit these lands . He believed he was seeing the many fires ( fuego in Spanish ) of the Yaghan , which were visible from the sea , and that the `` Indians '' were waiting in the forests to ambush his armada . </P> <P> In 1525 Francisco de Hoces was the first to speculate that Tierra del Fuego was one or more islands rather than part of what was then called Terra Australis . Francis Drake in 1578 and a Dutch VOC expedition in 1616 learned more about the geography . The latter expedition named Cape Horn . </P> <P> On his first voyage with the HMS Beagle in 1830 , Robert FitzRoy picked up four native Fuegians , including `` Jemmy Button '' ( Orundellico ) and brought them to England . The surviving three were taken to London to meet the King and Queen and were , for a time , celebrities . They returned to Tierra del Fuego in the Beagle with FitzRoy and Charles Darwin , who made extensive notes about his visit to the islands . </P> <H3> European colonization and extinction of native Americans ( 1860 -- 1910 ) ( edit ) </H3> View of Puerto Williams The city of Ushuaia See also : Tierra del Fuego gold rush , Selknam Genocide , and Patagonian sheep farming boom <P> During the second half of the 19th century , the archipelago began to come under Chilean and Argentine influence . Both countries sought to claim the whole archipelago based on de jure Spanish colonial titles . Salesian Catholic missions were established in Río Grande and Dawson Island . </P> <P> Anglican missions were established by British colonists at Keppel Island in the Falklands in 1855 and in 1870 at Ushuaia on the main island , which continued to operate through the 19th century . Thomas Bridges ( 1842 -- 1898 ) learned the language and compiled a 30,000 - word Yaghan grammar and dictionary while he worked at Ushuaia . It was published in the 20th century and considered an important ethnological work . </P> <P> An 1879 Chilean expedition led by Ramón Serrano Montaner reported large amounts of placer gold in the streams and river beds of Tierra del Fuego . This prompted massive immigration to the main island between 1883 and 1909 . Numerous Argentines , Chileans and Croatians settled in the main island , leading to increased conflicts with native Selk'nam . </P> <P> Julius Popper , a Romanian explorer , was one of the most successful entrepreneurs in the region . Granted rights by the Argentine government to exploit any gold deposits he found in Tierra del Fuego , Popper has been identified as a central figure in the Selk'nam Genocide . </P> <P> Following contact with Europeans , the native Selk'nam and Yaghan populations were greatly reduced by unequal conflict and persecution by settlers , by infectious diseases to which the indigenous people had no immunity , and by mass transfer to the Salesian mission of Dawson Island . Despite the missionaries ' efforts , many natives died . Today , only a few Selk'nam remain . Some of the few remaining Yaghan have settled in Villa Ukika in Navarino Island ; others have scattered across Chile and Argentina . </P> <P> Following the signing of the Boundary Treaty of 1881 , Tierra del Fuego was divided between Argentina and Chile ; previously , it had been claimed in its entirety by both countries . </P> <P> The gold rushes of the late 19th century led to the founding of numerous small settlements by immigrants such as the Argentine settlements of Ushuaia and Río Grande and the Chilean settlements of Porvenir and Puerto Toro . </P> <H3> Recent history ( 1940 -- present ) ( edit ) </H3> See also : Beagle conflict <P> In 1945 a division of Chilean CORFO ( Spanish acronym for Production Development Corporation ) engaged in oil exploration made a breakthrough discovery of oil in northern Tierra del Fuego . Extraction began in 1949 , and in 1950 the state created ENAP ( National Petroleum Company ) to deal with oil extraction and prospecting . Until 1960 , most oil extracted in Chile came from Tierra del Fuego . </P> <P> During the 1940s Chile and Argentina formulated their Antarctic claims . The governments realized the key role of Tierra del Fuego 's geographical proximity in backing their claims as well as in supplying their Antarctic bases . In the 1950s , the Chilean military founded Puerto Williams to counter Ushuaia 's monopoly as the only settlement in the Beagle Channel , a zone where Argentina disputed the 1881 borders . </P> <P> In the 1960s and 1970s , sovereignty claims by Argentina over Picton , Lennox and Nueva Islands in Tierra del Fuego led the two countries in December 1978 to the brink of war . In response to the threat of an Argentine invasion , minefields were deployed and bunkers built on the Chilean side in some areas of Tierra del Fuego . The threat of war caused the Chilean Pinochet regime to give logistical support and information to the British during the Falklands War of 1982 . Chilean radar supplied the British with information on Argentine jet movements in Tierra del Fuego , from where the Argentine Air Force launched raids on targets in the Falklands . </P> <P> In 1986 the Argentine congress decided that the Argentine part of Tierra del Fuego should be a new province ; the law was not promulgated until 26 April 1990 . </P> <H2> Geography ( edit ) </H2> <P> The archipelago consists of a main island , Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego , often called simply Tierra del Fuego or Isla Grande , with an area of 48,100 km ( 18,572 sq mi ) , and a group of smaller islands . The main island is split between two countries : 18,507.3 km ( 7,146 sq mi ) , 38.57 % of the total area , belongs to Argentina , while 29,484.7 km ( 11,384 sq mi ) , 61.43 % of the total area , belongs to Chile . The archipelago is divided by an east -- west channel , the Beagle Channel , immediately south of the main island . The largest islands south of the Beagle Channel are Hoste and Navarino . </P> <P> The western part of the main island , and almost all the other islands , belong to Chile . They are part of the Magallanes y Antártica Chilena Region , the capital and chief town of which is Punta Arenas , situated on the mainland across the strait . The biggest Chilean towns are Porvenir , capital of the Chilean Province of Tierra del Fuego , located on the main island ; and , on Navarino Island , Puerto Williams , which is the capital of the Antártica Chilena Province . Puerto Toro lies a few kilometers south of Puerto Williams and is arguably the southernmost village in the world . The mostly uninhabited islands north and west of the main island are part of Magallanes Province . </P> <P> The eastern part of the main island , and a few small islands in the Beagle Channel , belong to Argentina . They are part of the Tierra del Fuego , Antarctic Territory and South Atlantic Islands Province , whose capital is Ushuaia , the biggest city of the archipelago . The other important city in the region is Río Grande on the Atlantic coast . </P> <P> The Cordillera Darwin in the southwestern part of the main island contains many glaciers that reach the ocean . Mount Darwin is the highest peak at 2,488 metres ( 8,163 feet ) . </P> <H3> Geology ( edit ) </H3> See also : Andean orogeny <P> The geology of the archipelago is characterized by the effects of the Andean orogeny and | Tierra del Fuego is located | [
"off the southernmost tip of the South American mainland, across the Strait of Magellan"
] | 304 | Where is the tierra del fuego located on a map? |
4186485631454362041 | G League team , see South Bay Lakers . For any other use , see Laker . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Los Angeles Lakers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2017 -- 18 Los Angeles Lakers season </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Conference </Th> <Td> Western </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Division </Th> <Td> Pacific </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founded </Th> <Td> 1947 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> History </Th> <Td> Minneapolis Lakers 1947 -- 1960 Los Angeles Lakers 1960 -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Arena </Th> <Td> Staples Center </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Los Angeles , California </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Team colors </Th> <Td> Purple , gold , black , white </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Main sponsor </Th> <Td> Wish </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> President </Th> <Td> Jeanie Buss </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> General manager </Th> <Td> Rob Pelinka </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Head coach </Th> <Td> Luke Walton </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ownership </Th> <Td> Buss Family Trusts ( majority ) , Philip Anschutz , Edward P. Roski , and Patrick Soon - Shiong ( minority ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Affiliation ( s ) </Th> <Td> South Bay Lakers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Championships </Th> <Td> 16 ( 1949 , 1950 , 1952 , 1953 , 1954 , 1972 , 1980 , 1982 , 1985 , 1987 , 1988 , 2000 , 2001 , 2002 , 2009 , 2010 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Conference titles </Th> <Td> 31 ( 1949 , 1950 , 1952 , 1953 , 1954 , 1959 , 1962 , 1963 , 1965 , 1966 , 1968 , 1969 , 1970 , 1972 , 1973 , 1980 , 1982 , 1983 , 1984 , 1985 , 1987 , 1988 , 1989 , 1991 , 2000 , 2001 , 2002 , 2004 , 2008 , 2009 , 2010 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Division titles </Th> <Td> 23 ( 1971 , 1972 , 1973 , 1974 , 1977 , 1980 , 1982 , 1983 , 1984 , 1985 , 1986 , 1987 , 1988 , 1989 , 1990 , 2000 , 2001 , 2004 , 2008 , 2009 , 2010 , 2011 , 2012 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Retired numbers </Th> <Td> 11 ( 8 , 13 , 22 , 24 , 25 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 42 , 44 , 52 , MIC ) Honored : ( VM , GM , JP , SM , JK , CL ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.nba.com/lakers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Uniforms </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Home </Td> <Td> Away </Td> <Td> Third </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles . The Lakers compete in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , as a member of the league 's Western Conference Pacific Division . The Lakers play their home games at Staples Center , an arena shared with the NBA 's Los Angeles Clippers , the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women 's National Basketball Association , and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League . The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA , and have won 16 NBA championships ( 11 in Los Angeles ) , their last being in 2010 . </P> <P> The franchise began with the 1947 purchase of a disbanded team , the Detroit Gems of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) . The new team began playing in Minneapolis , calling themselves the Minneapolis Lakers in honor of the state 's nickname , `` Land of 10,000 Lakes '' . Initially a member of the NBL , the Lakers won the 1948 NBL championship before joining the rival Basketball Association of America and winning five of the next six BAA and NBA championships in Minneapolis after the NBA formed in 1949 . The team was propelled by center George Mikan , who is described by the NBA 's official website as the league 's `` first superstar '' . After struggling financially in the late 1950s following Mikan 's retirement , they relocated to Los Angeles before the 1960 -- 61 season . </P> <P> Led by Hall of Famers Elgin Baylor and Jerry West , Los Angeles made the NBA Finals six times in the 1960s , but lost each series to the Boston Celtics , beginning their long and storied rivalry . In 1968 , the Lakers acquired four - time NBA Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) Wilt Chamberlain to play center , and after losing in the Finals in 1969 and 1970 , they won their sixth NBA title -- and first in Los Angeles -- in 1972 , led by new head coach Bill Sharman . After the retirement of West and Chamberlain , the team acquired another center , Kareem Abdul - Jabbar , who had won multiple MVP awards , but was unable to make the Finals in the late 1970s . The 1980s Lakers were nicknamed `` Showtime '' due to their Magic Johnson - led fast break - offense , and won five championships in a 9 - year span , including their first ever Finals championship against the Celtics in 1985 . This team featured Hall of Famers in Johnson , Abdul - Jabbar , and James Worthy , and a Hall of Fame coach , Pat Riley . After Abdul - Jabbar and Johnson 's retirement , the team struggled in the early 1990s before acquiring Shaquille O'Neal and Kobe Bryant in 1996 . Led by O'Neal , Bryant , and another Hall of Fame coach , Phil Jackson , Los Angeles won three consecutive titles between 2000 to 2002 , securing the franchise its second `` three - peat '' . After losing both the 2004 and 2008 NBA Finals , the Lakers won two more championships by defeating the Orlando Magic in 2009 and Boston in 2010 . </P> <P> The Lakers hold the record for NBA 's longest winning streak , 33 straight games , set during the 1971 -- 72 season . 21 Hall of Famers have played for Los Angeles , while four have coached the team . Four Lakers -- Abdul - Jabbar , Johnson , O'Neal , and Bryant -- have won the NBA MVP Award for a total of eight awards . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Team history <Ul> <Li> 1.1 1947 -- 1959 : Beginnings and Minneapolis dynasty </Li> <Li> 1.2 1959 -- 1968 : Move to Los Angeles and Celtics rivalry </Li> <Li> 1.3 1968 -- 1973 : Wilt arrives </Li> <Li> 1.4 1973 -- 1979 : Building `` Showtime '' </Li> <Li> 1.5 1979 -- 1991 : `` Showtime '' </Li> <Li> 1.6 1991 -- 1996 : Post - `` Showtime '' dry spell </Li> <Li> 1.7 1996 -- 2016 : The Kobe Bryant era <Ul> <Li> 1.7. 1 2004 -- 2007 : Rebuilding </Li> <Li> 1.7. 2 2007 -- 2011 : Return to championship form </Li> <Li> 1.7. 3 2011 -- 2016 : Post-Jackson era </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.8 2016 -- present : Post-Bryant era </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Rivalries <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Boston Celtics </Li> <Li> 2.2 Detroit Pistons </Li> <Li> 2.3 Los Angeles Clippers </Li> <Li> 2.4 San Antonio Spurs </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Ownerships , financial history , and fanbase </Li> <Li> 4 Name , logo and uniforms </Li> <Li> 5 Season - by - season records </Li> <Li> 6 Franchise and NBA records </Li> <Li> 7 Home arenas </Li> <Li> 8 Players <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Current roster </Li> <Li> 8.2 Retained draft rights </Li> <Li> 8.3 Draft picks </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Head coaches </Li> <Li> 10 Hall of Famers , retired and honored numbers <Ul> <Li> 10.1 FIBA Hall of Famers </Li> <Li> 10.2 Retired numbers </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Media </Li> <Li> 12 References </Li> <Li> 13 Further reading </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Team history </H2> Main article : History of the Los Angeles Lakers <H3> 1947 -- 1959 : beginnings and Minneapolis Dynasty </H3> Hall of Famer George Mikan ( # 99 ) led the Lakers franchise to their first five NBA championships . He is described by the NBA 's official website as the `` first superstar '' in league history . <P> The Lakers ' franchise began in 1947 when Ben Berger and Morris Chalfen of Minnesota purchased the recently disbanded Detroit Gems of the National Basketball League ( NBL ) for $15,000 from Gems owner Maury Winston . Minneapolis sportswriter Sid Hartman played a key behind the scenes role in helping put together the deal and later the team . Inspired by Minnesota 's nickname , `` Land of 10,000 Lakes '' , the team christened themselves the Lakers . Hartman helped them hire John Kundla from College of St. Thomas , to be their first head coach , by meeting with him and selling him on the team . </P> <P> The Lakers had a solid roster , which featured forward Jim Pollard , playmaker Herm Schaefer , and center George Mikan , who became the most dominant player in the NBL . In their first season , they led the league with a 43 -- 17 record , later winning the NBL Championship that season . </P> Minneapolis team co-owner Benjamin Berger <P> In 1948 , the Lakers moved from the NBL to the Basketball Association of America ( BAA ) , and Mikan 's 28.3 point per game ( ppg ) scoring average set a BAA record . In the 1949 BAA Finals they won the championship , beating the Washington Capitols four games to two . The following season , the team improved to 51 -- 17 , repeating as champions . In the 1950 -- 51 season , Mikan won his third straight scoring title at 28.4 ppg and the Lakers went 44 -- 24 to win their second straight division title . One of those games , a 19 -- 18 loss against the Fort Wayne Pistons , became infamous as the lowest scoring game in NBA history . In the playoffs , they defeated the Indianapolis Olympians in three games but lost to the Rochester Royals in the next round . </P> <P> During the 1951 -- 52 season , the Lakers won 40 games , finishing second in their division . They faced the New York Knicks in the NBA Finals , which they won in seven games . In the 1952 -- 53 season , Mikan led the NBA in rebounding , averaging 14.4 rebounds per game ( rpg ) , and was named MVP of the 1953 NBA All - Star Game . After a 48 -- 22 regular season , the Lakers defeated the Fort Wayne Pistons in the Western playoffs to advance to the NBA Finals . They then defeated the New York Knicks to win their second straight championship . Though Lakers star George Mikan suffered from knee problems throughout the 1953 -- 54 season , he was still able to average 18 ppg . Clyde Lovellette , who was drafted in 1952 , helped the team win the Western Division . The team won its third straight championship in the 1950s and fifth in six seasons when it defeated the Syracuse Nationals in seven games . </P> <P> Following Mikan 's retirement in the 1954 off - season , the Lakers struggled but still managed to win 40 games . Although they defeated the Rochester Royals in the first round of the playoffs , they were defeated by the Fort Wayne Pistons in the semifinals . Although they had losing records the next two seasons , they made the playoffs each year . Mikan came back for the last half of the 1955 -- 56 season , but struggled and retired for good after the season . Led by Lovellette 's 20.6 points and 13.5 rebounds , | The Los Angeles Lakers last won a championship in | [
"2010"
] | 1,049 | When was the last time the los angeles lakers won a championship? |
-2622854017829301835 | Cory - wikipedia <H1> Cory </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Cory ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Cory </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gender </Th> <Td> Unisex </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Origin </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Meaning </Th> <Td> `` Ravine , Seething pool , Cauldron '' in Scots Gaelic , `` Hollow '' in Irish Gaelic , `` Chosen '' in Old English , `` Horn '' in French , translated from the word `` cornell '' , or derived from the French word for `` Heart . '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Other names </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related names </Th> <Td> Corey , Corrie </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> As a given name , Cory is used by both males and females . As a surname , it has a number of possible derivations , including an Old Norse personal name Kori of uncertain meaning , which is found in Scandinavia and England . As an Irish surname it comes from Ó Comhraidhe ( descendant of Comhraidheh ) . </P> <P> Alternative spellings for Cory are Corey , Coire , Corie , Corrie , Curry ( surname ) , Correy , Kory , Khouri , and Kori . </P> <P> Notable persons with the name Cory include : </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Surname </Li> <Li> 2 Given name </Li> <Li> 3 Nickname </Li> <Li> 4 Fictional characters </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> </Ul> <H2> Surname ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Annie Sophie Cory ( 1868 -- 1952 ) , English author </Li> <Li> Asa Howe Cory ( 1814 -- 1892 ) , American Civil War captain </Li> <Li> Arthur Cory , American politician </Li> <Li> Charles B. Cory ( 1857 -- 1921 ) , American ornithologist and golfer </Li> <Li> Donald Webster Cory , pen name for Edward Sagarin ( 1913 -- 1986 ) </Li> <Li> Eleanor Cory ( born 1943 ) , American composer </Li> <Li> Fanny Cory , illustrator of the Little Miss Muffet comic book </Li> <Li> Florence Elizabeth Cory ( 1851 - 1902 ) , American industrial designer and school founder </Li> <Li> George Cory ( 1862 -- 1935 ) , South African chemist and historian </Li> <Li> George Norton Cory ( 1874 -- 1968 ) , Canadian Lieutenant - General </Li> <Li> J. Campbell Cory ( 18672 -- 1925 ) , American cartoonist </Li> <Li> John Cory ( 1828 -- 1910 ) , British philanthropist , coal - owner , and ship - owner </Li> <Li> Judith A. Cory , Oscar nominated make - up artist </Li> <Li> Kate Cory ( 1861 -- 1958 ) , American photographer and painter of Hopi </Li> <Li> Peter deCarteret Cory ( born 1925 ) , Canadian judge </Li> <Li> Robert Towerson Cory Knightbridge Professor of Philosophy </Li> <Li> William Johnson Cory ( 1823 -- 1892 ) , English educator and poet </Li> <Li> William Wallace Cory ( 1865 -- 1943 ) , Canadian politician </Li> </Ul> <H2> Given name ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Cory Aldridge ( born 1979 ) , American baseball player </Li> <Li> Cory Alexander ( born 1973 ) , American basketball player </Li> <Li> Corey Anderson ( born 1990 ) , New Zealand cricket player </Li> <Li> Cory Arcangel ( born 1978 ) , American digital artist </Li> <Li> Corey Ashe ( born 1986 ) , American soccer player </Li> <Li> Cory Booker ( born 1969 ) , United States Senator from New Jersey </Li> <Li> Cory Bowles ( born 1973 ) , Canadian actor and choreographer </Li> <Li> Cory Carr ( born 1975 ) , American - Israeli basketball player for the Israeli team Elitzur Ramla B.C. </Li> <Li> Cory Conacher ( born 1989 ) , Canadian ice hockey player </Li> <Li> Cory Cotton ( born 1987 ) , Writer and a member of the American Sports Group Dude Perfect </Li> <Li> Cory Cyrenne ( born 1977 ) , Canadian ice hockey player </Li> <Li> Cory Doctorow ( born 1971 ) , Canadian journalist and author </Li> <Li> Cory Edwards , American writer and director </Li> <Li> Cory Everson ( born 1958 ) , American bodybuilder and actress </Li> <Li> Corey Feldman ( born 1971 ) , American actor and singer </Li> <Li> Cory Fong ( born 1972 ) , American public servant </Li> <Li> Cory Gibbs ( born 1980 ) , American association footballer </Li> <Li> Corey Haim ( born 1971 ) , Canadian actor </Li> <Li> Cory Jane ( born 1983 ) , New Zealand rugby union footballer </Li> <Li> Cory Kahaney ( born 1963 ) , American comedian </Li> <Li> Cory Kennedy ( born 1990 ) , American model </Li> <Li> Cory La Quay , American drummer of the post-hardcore band A Skylit Drive </Li> <Li> Cory Lee ( born 1984 ) , Canadian singer - songwriter and actress </Li> <Li> Cory Lerios , American pianist and vocalist </Li> <Li> Cory Lidle ( 1972 -- 2006 ) , former pitcher for the New York Yankees </Li> <Li> Cory McGrath ( born 1979 ) , Australian rules footballer </Li> <Li> Cory Monteith ( 1982 -- 2013 ) , Canadian actor </Li> <Li> Cory Morgan ( ice hockey ) ( born 1978 ) , Canadian ice hockey player </Li> <Li> Cory Morrow ( born 1972 ) , American singer - songwriter </Li> <Li> Cory Nelms ( born 1988 ) , American football player </Li> <Li> Cory Paterson ( born 1987 ) , Australian rugby league footballer </Li> <Li> Cory Pecker ( born 1981 ) , Canadian ice hockey player </Li> <Li> Corey Brent Penn Sr. ( born 1968 ) , American rapper CL Smooth </Li> <Li> Cory Philpot ( born 1970 ) , Canadian Football League player </Li> <Li> Cory Quirino ( born 1953 ) , Filipino TV host </Li> <Li> Cory Redding ( born 1980 ) , American NFL player </Li> <Li> Corey Robin , American political theorist , journalist , and professor </Li> <Li> Cory Rooney , American songwriter and record producer </Li> <Li> Cory Sarich ( born 1978 ) , Canadian ice hockey player </Li> <Li> Cory Schlesinger ( born 1972 ) , American footballer </Li> <Li> Cory Spinks , ( born 1978 ) , American boxer </Li> <Li> Cory Stillman ( born 1973 ) , Canadian ice hockey player </Li> <Li> Cory Sullivan ( born 1979 ) , American baseball player </Li> <Li> Corey Taylor ( born 1973 ) , American singer , songwriter and actor </Li> <Li> Cory Wade ( born 1983 ) , American baseball player </Li> <Li> Cory Walker ( born 1980 ) , American comic book artist </Li> <Li> Cory Wells ( 1941 -- 2015 ) , American singer </Li> <Li> Cory T. Williams , American attorney and Democratic politician </Li> <Li> Cory Williams ( born 1981 ) , YouTube personality also known as `` Mr. Safety '' </Li> <Li> Latif ( singer - songwriter ) ( Corey Williams , born 1981 ) , American R&B singer and songwriter </Li> <Li> Cory Witherill ( born 1971 ) , American race car driver </Li> </Ul> <H2> Nickname ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Corazon Aquino , 11th President of the Philippines </Li> </Ul> <H2> Fictional characters ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> The Cory family , on the soap opera Another World </Li> <Li> Cory Matthews , on the TV series Boy Meets World and Girl Meets World </Li> <Li> Cory Dollanganger , from the 1979 novel Flowers in the Attic by V.C. Andrews </Li> <Li> Cory Baxter , on the TV series That 's So Raven , and Cory in the House </Li> <Li> the subject of `` Richard Cory '' , an 1897 narrative poem by Edwin Arlington Robinson </Li> <Li> Corey Riffin from the animated Canadian television show , Grojband . </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Cory - Wright baronets <Ul> <Li> Cory Cory - Wright ( 1838 -- 1909 ) , 1st baronet </Li> <Li> Arthur Cory - Wright ( 1869 -- 1951 ) , 2nd baronet </Li> <Li> Geoffrey Cory - Wright ( 1892 -- 1969 ) , 3rd Baronet </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Hanks , Patrick ; Flavia Hodges ; A.D. Mills ; Adrian Room ( 2002 ) . The Oxford Names Companion . Oxford : Oxford University Press . p. 143 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Hanks , Patrick ; Flavia Hodges ; A.D. Mills ; Adrian Room ( 2002 ) . The Oxford Names Companion . Oxford : Oxford University Press . p. 143 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This page or section lists people that share the same given name or the same family name . If an internal link led you here , you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cory&oldid=807655268 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Given names </Li> <Li> Surnames </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> All set index articles </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 29 October 2017 , at 09 : 51 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> | There are several different ways to spell the boy's name Corey, including | [
"Corey, Coire, Corie, Corrie, Curry (surname), Correy, Kory, Khouri, and Kori"
] | 185 | Different ways to spell corey for a boy? |
3480908309420822259 | Should 've Been a cowboy - wikipedia <H1> Should 've Been a cowboy </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Should 've Been a Cowboy '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Toby Keith </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Toby Keith </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Some Kinda Good Kinda Hold on Me '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> February 8 , 1993 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 7 '' </Li> <Li> CD </Li> <Li> cassette </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Country </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Polygram / Mercury 864990 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Toby Keith </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nelson Larkin </Li> <Li> Harold Shedd </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Toby Keith singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Should 've Been a Cowboy '' ( 1993 ) </Td> <Td> `` He Ai n't Worth Missing '' ( 1993 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Should 've Been a Cowboy '' ( 1993 ) </Td> <Td> `` He Ai n't Worth Missing '' ( 1993 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Should 've Been a Cowboy '' is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Toby Keith . It was released on February 8 , 1993 as his debut single , and was served as the first single released from Keith 's self - titled debut studio album , Toby Keith . On June 5 , 1993 , it reached number one on the US Hot Country Songs chart and the Canadian RPM Country Tracks . It also peaked at number 93 on the Billboard Hot 100 , making it a minor crossover hit . </P> <P> It has received more than three million spins on country radio , making it the most - played country song of the 1990s . </P> <P> The song was formerly a staple following sporting events at Oklahoma State University ( home of the Cowboys ) , often played over the venue 's PA system several times in succession as fans emptied the stadium or arena . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Content </Li> <Li> 2 Music video </Li> <Li> 3 Other media </Li> <Li> 4 Chart positions <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Certifications </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Content ( edit ) </H2> <P> The lyrics romanticize the cowboy lifestyle through references to old Westerns . The first verse references Gunsmoke , in which cowboy hero Marshall Dillon never settled down with love interest Miss Kitty . The second verse tells of his own adventures if the narrator were a cowboy : having `` a sidekick with a funny name '' ( possibly a reference to sidekicks like Tonto or Festus or Gordito ) , travelling west to California ( including the historical quote `` Go West , young man '' ) , hunting down Western outlaw Jesse James , joining up with the Texas Rangers , and so on . The chorus refers to famous singing cowboys Gene Autry and Roy Rogers , and lists common patterns depicted in Westerns such as six shooters ( revolvers ) and cattle drives . </P> <H2> Music video ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` Should 've Been a Cowboy '' was Keith 's first music video . It was filmed in Las Cruces , New Mexico and was directed by Marc Ball and premiered on CMT in March 1993 . A second version of the video was made featuring clips of the 1992 Dallas Cowboys . </P> <H2> Other Media ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song is available as downloadable content on the music video game , Rock Band . </P> <H2> Chart positions ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` Should 've Been a Cowboy '' debuted at number 69 on the Hot Country Songs chart for the week of March 6 , 1993 . It became Keith 's first number one single on the chart dated June 5 , 1993 , remaining there for two weeks . It was certified Gold by the RIAA on November 28 , 2012 , almost twenty years after its release . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1993 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada Country Tracks ( RPM ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 93 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Hot Country Songs ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1993 ) </Th> <Th> Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada Country Tracks ( RPM ) </Td> <Td> 73 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Country Songs ( Billboard ) </Td> <Td> 39 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Certifications ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Region </Th> <Th> Certification </Th> <Th> Certified units / Sales </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> United States ( RIAA ) </Th> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> 500,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <P> sales figures based on certification alone shipments figures based on certification alone </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Shelburne , Craig ( 1 March 2007 ) . `` Toby Keith Jams , Notches 50 Million Airplays '' . CMT . Retrieved 4 October 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ McDonnell , Brandy ( 10 October 2009 ) . `` Toby Keith discusses his `` weird connection '' to OU and OSU `` . newsok.com . Retrieved 4 June 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` American single certifications -- Toby Keith -- Should 've Been a Cowboy '' . Recording Industry Association of America . If necessary , click Advanced , then click Format , then select Single , then click SEARCH </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Top RPM Country Tracks : Issue 0991 . '' RPM . Library and Archives Canada . June 26 , 1993 . Retrieved August 5 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Toby Keith Chart History ( Hot 100 ) '' . Billboard . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Toby Keith Chart History ( Hot Country Songs ) '' . Billboard . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` RPM Top 100 Country Tracks of 1993 '' . RPM . December 18 , 1993 . Retrieved August 5 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Best of 1993 : Country Songs '' . Billboard . Prometheus Global Media . 1993 . Retrieved August 5 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` American single certifications -- Toby Keith -- Should % 27ve Been a Cowboy '' . Recording Industry Association of America . Retrieved December 12 , 2012 . If necessary , click Advanced , then click Format , then select Single , then click SEARCH </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` I Love the Way You Love Me '' by John Michael Montgomery </Td> <Td> Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks number - one single June 5 -- 12 , 1993 </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` Blame It on Your Heart '' by Patty Loveless </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` Tell Me Why '' by Wynonna </Td> <Td> RPM Country Tracks number - one single June 26 , 1993 </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` Hometown Honeymoon '' by Alabama </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Toby Keith </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Toby Keith </Li> <Li> Boomtown </Li> <Li> Blue Moon </Li> <Li> Dream Walkin ' </Li> <Li> How Do You Like Me Now ? ! </Li> <Li> Pull My Chain </Li> <Li> Unleashed </Li> <Li> Shock'n Y'all </Li> <Li> Honkytonk University </Li> <Li> White Trash with Money </Li> <Li> Big Dog Daddy </Li> <Li> That Do n't Make Me a Bad Guy </Li> <Li> American Ride </Li> <Li> Bullets in the Gun </Li> <Li> Clancy 's Tavern </Li> <Li> Hope on the Rocks </Li> <Li> Drinks After Work </Li> <Li> 35 MPH Town </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Compilation albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Greatest Hits Volume One </Li> <Li> 20th Century Masters -- The Millennium Collection : The Best of Toby Keith </Li> <Li> Greatest Hits 2 </Li> <Li> 35 Biggest Hits </Li> <Li> The Bus Songs </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Christmas albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Christmas to Christmas </Li> <Li> A Classic Christmas </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Singles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Should 've Been a Cowboy '' </Li> <Li> `` He Ai n't Worth Missing '' </Li> <Li> `` A Little Less Talk and a Lot More Action '' </Li> <Li> `` Wish I Did n't Know Now '' </Li> <Li> `` Who 's That Man '' </Li> <Li> `` Upstairs Downtown '' </Li> <Li> `` You Ai n't Much Fun '' </Li> <Li> `` Big Ol ' Truck '' </Li> <Li> `` Does That Blue Moon Ever Shine on You '' </Li> <Li> `` A Woman 's Touch '' </Li> <Li> `` Me Too '' </Li> <Li> `` We Were in Love '' </Li> <Li> `` I 'm So Happy I Ca n't Stop Crying '' ( with Sting ) </Li> <Li> `` Dream Walkin ' '' </Li> <Li> `` Double Wide Paradise '' </Li> <Li> `` Getcha Some '' </Li> <Li> `` How Do You Like Me Now ? ! '' </Li> <Li> `` Country Comes to Town '' </Li> <Li> `` You Should n't Kiss Me Like This '' </Li> <Li> `` I 'm Just Talkin ' About Tonight '' </Li> <Li> `` I Wanna Talk About Me '' </Li> <Li> `` My List '' </Li> <Li> `` Courtesy of the Red , White and Blue ( The Angry American ) '' </Li> <Li> `` Who 's Your Daddy ? '' </Li> <Li> `` Rock You Baby '' </Li> <Li> `` Beer for My Horses '' </Li> <Li> `` I Love This Bar '' </Li> <Li> `` American Soldier '' </Li> <Li> `` Whiskey Girl '' </Li> <Li> `` Stays in Mexico '' </Li> <Li> `` Mockingbird '' </Li> <Li> `` Honkytonk U '' </Li> <Li> `` As Good as I Once Was '' </Li> <Li> `` Big Blue Note '' </Li> <Li> `` Get Drunk and Be Somebody '' </Li> <Li> `` A Little Too Late '' </Li> <Li> `` Crash Here Tonight '' </Li> <Li> `` High Maintenance Woman '' </Li> <Li> `` Love Me If You Can '' </Li> <Li> `` Get My Drink On '' </Li> <Li> `` She 's a Hottie '' </Li> <Li> `` She Never Cried in Front of Me '' </Li> <Li> `` God Love Her '' </Li> <Li> `` Lost You Anyway '' </Li> <Li> `` American Ride '' </Li> <Li> `` Cryin ' for Me ( Wayman 's Song ) '' </Li> <Li> `` Every Dog Has Its Day '' </Li> <Li> `` Trailerhood '' </Li> <Li> `` Bullets in the Gun '' </Li> <Li> `` Somewhere Else '' </Li> <Li> `` Made in America '' </Li> <Li> `` Red Solo Cup '' </Li> <Li> `` Beers Ago '' </Li> <Li> `` I Like Girls That Drink Beer '' </Li> <Li> `` Hope on the Rocks '' </Li> <Li> `` Drinks After Work '' </Li> <Li> `` Drunk Americans '' </Li> <Li> `` 35 MPH Town '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related articles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Discography </Li> <Li> Show Dog - Universal Music </Li> <Li> Krystal Keith </Li> <Li> Scotty Emerick </Li> <Li> Toby Keith 's I Love This Bar & Grill </Li> <Li> | The song "Should've Been a Cowboy" was sung by | [
"Toby Keith"
] | 265 | Who sang the song should have been a cowboy? |
-4198273171611748168 | List of counties in Georgia ( U.S. state ) - wikipedia <H1> List of counties in Georgia ( U.S. state ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search See also : List of United States counties and county - equivalents <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Counties of Georgia </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> State of Georgia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Number </Th> <Td> 159 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Populations </Th> <Td> Greatest : 1,010,562 ( Fulton ) Least : 1,680 ( Taliaferro ) Average : 64,845 ( 2016 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Areas </Th> <Td> Largest : 903 square miles ( 2,340 km ) ( Ware ) Smallest : 121 square miles ( 310 km ) ( Clarke ) Average : 374 square miles ( 970 km ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Government </Th> <Td> County government </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Subdivisions </Th> <Td> Cities , towns , unincorporated communities , census designated place </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The U.S. State of Georgia is divided into 159 counties , more than any other state except for Texas , which has 254 counties . Under the Georgia State Constitution , all of its counties are granted home rule to deal with problems that are purely local in nature . Also , eight consolidated city - counties have been established in Georgia : Athens -- Clarke County , Augusta -- Richmond County , Columbus -- Muscogee County , Georgetown -- Quitman County , Statenville -- Echols County , Macon -- Bibb County , Cusseta -- Chattahoochee County , and Preston - Webster County . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Changed names of counties </Li> <Li> 3 Defunct counties </Li> <Li> 4 Fictional counties </Li> <Li> 5 Counties listing </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> From 1732 until 1758 , the minor civil divisions were districts and towns . In 1758 , the Province of Georgia was divided into eight parishes , and another four parishes were partitioned in 1765 ; in 1777 , the original eight counties of the state were created . These were Burke , Camden , Chatham , Effingham , Glynn , Liberty , Richmond and Wilkes , all created on February 5 , 1777 . </P> <P> Georgia has the second largest number of counties of any state in the United States , following Texas , which has 254 counties . One traditional reasoning for the creation and location of so many counties in Georgia was that a country farmer , rancher , or lumberman should be able to travel to the legal county seat town or city , and then back home , in one day on horseback or via wagon . However , about 25 counties in Georgia were created in the first quarter of the 20th century , after the use of the railroad , automobile , truck , and bus had become possible . The last new county to be established in Georgia was Peach County , established in 1924 . </P> <P> The proliferation of counties in Georgia led to multiple state constitutional amendments attempting to establish a limit on the number of counties in the state . The most recent such amendment , ratified in 1945 , limited the number to 159 counties , although there had been 161 counties from 1924 to 1931 . In a very rare consolidation of counties , both Campbell County and Milton County were annexed into Fulton County in 1932 as a financial move during the Great Depression , since those two county governments were nearly bankrupt . </P> <P> Fulton County contains Atlanta , and it was thought that tax revenues from Atlanta and its suburbs would help to support the rural areas of the discarded counties , which had very little tax income of their own -- mostly from property taxes on farms and forests , which did not amount to much . </P> <P> Georgia is the only state which still allows sole commissioner county government . Currently only nine of the state 's 159 counties operate under that system . </P> <H2> Changed names of counties ( edit ) </H2> <P> A few counties in Georgia have had their names changed . Jasper County was originally named `` Randolph County '' . Later , the present - day Randolph County was founded . Webster County was once named `` Kinchafoonee County '' , and the former Cass County was renamed Bartow County . </P> <H2> Defunct counties ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> St. George , St. Mary 's , St. Thomas , St. Phillip , Christ Church , St. David , St. Matthews , St. Andrew , St. James , St. Johns , and St. Paul parishes were all dissolved in 1777 with the establishment of the charter counties . </Li> <Li> Campbell ( 1828 -- 1932 ) : Formed from Carroll and Coweta in 1828 , half northwest of Chattahoochee River became Douglas in 1870 , remainder was merged into southwest Fulton in 1932 . </Li> <Li> Milton ( 1857 -- 1932 ) : Formed from northeast Cobb , southeast Cherokee , and southwest Forsyth in 1857 ( and later northern DeKalb ) , was merged into north Fulton in 1932 . </Li> </Ul> <P> There was a previous Walton County in Georgia , which was actually located in what is now western North Carolina . A brief skirmish , the so - called Walton War , was fought between North Carolina and Georgia in 1810 , before Georgia relinquished its claim on that area after the 1811 survey of Ellicott Rock . </P> <H2> Fictional counties ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( December 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Film </P> <Ul> <Li> Deliverance ( 1972 ) is set in a North Georgia county marked on the sheriff 's car as Aintry . </Li> <Li> Diggstown ( 1992 ) takes place in the fictional Olivera County . </Li> <Li> Tank takes place in the fictional Clemmons County . Although set near Tennessee , the filming location was at or near Fort Benning . </Li> <Li> Ghost Fever ( 1987 ) takes place in the county of Greendale , likely inspired by Greene County . </Li> </Ul> <P> Television </P> <Ul> <Li> The Dukes of Hazzard ( 1979 -- 1985 ) takes place in Hazzard County , Georgia . </Li> <Li> The Following 's ( 2013 -- 2015 ) season one episode , `` Let Me Go '' , mentions moving Joe Carroll to the Jesup County Federal Correctional Facility . Although there is an existing town named Jesup , it is located in Wayne County . </Li> <Li> The Misadventures of Sheriff Lobo ( 1979 -- 1981 ) takes place in Orly County , Georgia . </Li> <Li> Rectify ( 2013 -- present ) , the SundanceTV original series , takes place in Paulie County , Georgia . </Li> <Li> Squidbillies ( 2005 -- present ) , an animated Adult Swim series about anthropomorphic cephalopods , is set in rural Dougal County ( a possible reference to Douglas County ) in the hills of North Georgia . </Li> <Li> The Walking Dead ( 2010 -- present ) names three fictional counties in Georgia : King , Linden , and Mert County . </Li> </Ul> <P> Theatre </P> <Ul> <Li> The Foreigner ( 1983 ) , a play by Larry Shue , takes place in Tilghman County , Georgia . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Counties Listing ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> County </Th> <Th> FIPS code </Th> <Th> County seat </Th> <Th> Established </Th> <Th> Origin </Th> <Th> Etymology </Th> <Th> Density </Th> <Th> Population </Th> <Th> Area </Th> <Th> Map </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Appling County </Td> <Td> 001 </Td> <Td> Baxley </Td> <Td> 1818 </Td> <Td> Land ceded by the Creek Indians in the Treaty of Fort Jackson in 1814 and the Treaty of the Creek Agency in 1818 </Td> <Td> Colonel Daniel Appling ( 1787 -- 1818 ) , a hero of the War of 1812 </Td> <Td> 36.09 </Td> <Td> 7004183680000000000 ♠ 18,368 </Td> <Td> 7002509000000000000 ♠ 509 sq mi ( 7003131800000000000 ♠ 1,318 km ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Atkinson County </Td> <Td> 003 </Td> <Td> Pearson </Td> <Td> 1917 </Td> <Td> Clinch and Coffee Counties </Td> <Td> William Yates Atkinson ( 1854 -- 99 ) , governor of Georgia ( 1894 -- 98 ) and speaker of the Georgia House of Representatives </Td> <Td> 24.51 </Td> <Td> 7003828400000000000 ♠ 8,284 </Td> <Td> 7002338000000000000 ♠ 338 sq mi ( 7002875000000000000 ♠ 875 km ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bacon County </Td> <Td> 005 </Td> <Td> Alma </Td> <Td> 1914 </Td> <Td> Appling , Pierce and Ware Counties </Td> <Td> Augustus Octavius Bacon ( 1839 -- 1914 ) , U.S. Senator ( 1895 -- 1914 ) ; President pro tempore of the United States Senate </Td> <Td> 39.29 </Td> <Td> 7004111980000000000 ♠ 11,198 </Td> <Td> 7002285000000000000 ♠ 285 sq mi ( 7002738000000000000 ♠ 738 km ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Baker County </Td> <Td> 007 </Td> <Td> Newton </Td> <Td> 1825 </Td> <Td> Early County </Td> <Td> Colonel John Baker ( died 1792 ) , a hero of the American Revolutionary War </Td> <Td> 9.81 </Td> <Td> 7003336600000000000 ♠ 3,366 </Td> <Td> 7002343000000000000 ♠ 343 sq mi ( 7002888000000000000 ♠ 888 km ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Baldwin County </Td> <Td> 009 </Td> <Td> Milledgeville </Td> <Td> 1803 </Td> <Td> Creek cessions of 1802 and 1805 </Td> <Td> Abraham Baldwin ( 1754 -- 1807 ) , a Founding Father ; U.S. Senator ( 1799 -- 1807 ) ; one of the Georgia delegates who signed the U.S. Constitution </Td> <Td> 179.72 </Td> <Td> 7004463670000000000 ♠ 46,367 </Td> <Td> 7002258000000000000 ♠ 258 sq mi ( 7002668000000000000 ♠ 668 km ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Banks County </Td> <Td> 011 </Td> <Td> Homer </Td> <Td> 1859 </Td> <Td> Franklin and Habersham Counties </Td> <Td> Dr. Richard Banks ( 1784 -- 1850 ) , local physician noted for treating natives with smallpox </Td> <Td> 78.27 </Td> <Td> 7004183160000000000 ♠ 18,316 </Td> <Td> 7002234000000000000 ♠ 234 sq mi ( 7002606000000000000 ♠ 606 km ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Barrow County </Td> <Td> 013 </Td> <Td> Winder </Td> <Td> 1914 </Td> <Td> Gwinnett , Jackson and Walton counties </Td> <Td> `` Uncle Dave '' David Crenshaw Barrow Jr. ( 1852 -- 1929 ) , chancellor of the University of Georgia ( 1906 -- 29 ) </Td> <Td> 433.14 </Td> <Td> 7004701690000000000 ♠ 70,169 </Td> <Td> 7002162000000000000 ♠ 162 sq mi ( 7002420000000000000 ♠ 420 km ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bartow County </Td> <Td> 015 </Td> <Td> Cartersville </Td> <Td> 1832 </Td> <Td> Created from a portion of Cherokee County in 1832 and originally called Cass County after General Lewis Cass </Td> <Td> General Francis S. Bartow ( 1816 -- 61 ) , Confederate political leader ; first Confederate general killed in the American Civil War </Td> <Td> 218.83 </Td> <Td> 7005100661000000000 ♠ 100,661 </Td> <Td> 7002460000000000000 ♠ 460 sq mi ( 7003119100000000000 ♠ 1,191 km ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ben Hill County </Td> <Td> 017 </Td> <Td> Fitzgerald </Td> <Td> 1906 </Td> <Td> Irwin and Wilcox counties </Td> <Td> Benjamin Harvey Hill ( 1823 -- 82 ) , U.S. Senator ( 1877 -- 82 ) </Td> <Td> 69.60 </Td> <Td> 7004175380000000000 ♠ 17,538 </Td> <Td> 7002252000000000000 ♠ 252 sq mi ( 7002653000000000000 ♠ 653 km ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Berrien County </Td> <Td> 019 </Td> <Td> Nashville </Td> <Td> 1856 </Td> <Td> Coffee , Irwin , and Lowndes counties </Td> <Td> John MacPherson Berrien ( 1781 -- 1856 ) , U.S. Senator ; U.S. Attorney General </Td> <Td> 42.13 | The state of Georgia has | [
"159 counties"
] | 171 | How many counties does the state of georgia have? |
1278533364941960992 | ring finger is called respectively - bansur ( meaning `` victory '' ) - and kmitsa ( meaning `` taking a handful '' ) . </P> <P> In anatomy , the ring finger is called digitus medicinalis , the fourth finger , digitus annularis , digitus quartus , or digitus IV . It may also be referred to as the third finger , excluding the thumb . In Latin , the word anulus means `` ring '' , digitus means `` finger '' , and quartus means `` fourth '' . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Wedding ring <P> Before medical science discovered how the circulatory system functioned , people believed that a vein ran directly from the fourth finger on the left hand to the heart . Because of the hand -- heart connection , they chose the descriptive name vena amoris , Latin for the vein of love , for this particular vein . </P> <P> Based upon this name , their contemporaries , purported experts in the field of matrimonial etiquette , wrote that it would only be fitting that the wedding ring be worn on this finger . By wearing the ring on the fourth finger of the left hand , a married couple symbolically declares their eternal love for each other . </P> <H2> Contemporary customs ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Western customs ( edit ) </H3> <P> In Western cultures , a wedding ring is traditionally worn on the ring finger . This developed from the Roman `` anulus pronubis '' when a man would give a ring to the woman at their betrothal ceremony . Blessing the wedding ring and putting it on the bride 's finger dates from the 11th century . In medieval Europe , during the Christian wedding ceremony the ring was placed in sequence on the thumb , index , middle , and ring fingers of the left hand . The ring was then left on the ring finger . In a few European countries , the ring is worn on the left hand prior to marriage , then transferred to the right during the ceremony . For example , a Greek Orthodox bride wears the ring on the left hand prior to the ceremony , then moves it to the right hand after the wedding . In England , the 1549 Prayer Book declared `` the ring shall be placed on the left hand '' . By the 17th and 18th centuries the ring could be found on any finger after the ceremony -- even on the thumb . </P> <P> The wedding ring is generally worn on the ring finger of the left hand in the former British Empire , certain parts of Western Europe , certain parts of Catholic Central and Eastern Europe ( and some not so ) , Mexico and Bolivia . These include : Australia , Botswana , Canada , Egypt , Ireland , New Zealand , South Africa , the UK , and the US ; France , Italy , Portugal , Sweden , and Finland ; Czech Republic , Slovakia , Switzerland , Romania , Croatia , and Slovenia . </P> <P> The wedding ring is worn on the ring finger of the right hand in some Orthodox and a small number of Catholic European countries , some Protestant Western European , as well as some Central and South American Catholic countries . In Eastern Europe , these include : Bulgaria , Georgia , Latvia , Lithuania , Macedonia , Russia , and Serbia . In Central or Western Europe , these include : Austria , Denmark , Greece , Germany , Hungary , Poland , Netherlands ( if not Catholic ) , Norway , and ( Catholic ) Spain . In Central or South America , these include : Colombia , Cuba , Peru , Venezuela . </P> <P> The ring is worn on the right hand until the actual wedding day , when it is moved to the left hand in Turkey , Lebanon , and Syria as well as in Brazil . </P> <P> In a traditional Jewish wedding ceremony , the wedding ring is placed on the bride 's left hand index finger , but other traditions place it on the middle finger or the thumb , most commonly in recent times . Today , the ring usually is moved to the left hand ring finger after the ceremony . Some Jewish grooms have adopted wearing a wedding ring . </P> <H3> Non-western customs ( edit ) </H3> <P> In Sinhala and Tamil culture , the groom wears the wedding ring on his right hand and bride wears it on her left hand ring finger . This can be seen in countries like Sri Lanka where there is a rich Sinhala and Tamil cultural influence in the society . </P> <P> A wedding ring is not a traditional part of the religious Muslim wedding and wedding rings are not included in most Islamic countries , However , if a wedding ring is worn in an Islamic country , it may be worn on either the left ( such is the custom in Iran ) or the right ring finger ( as in Jordan ) . As opposed to the wedding ring , use of a ring to denote betrothal or engagement is quite prevalent in Muslim countries , especially those in West and South Asia . Muslim engagement rings are typically worn on the right finger by men , and the left finger by women . </P> <P> Rings are not traditional in an Indian wedding . However , in modern society it is becoming a practice to wear rings for engagements and not for actual marriage . Though the left hand is considered inauspicious for religious activities , a ring ( not to be called wedding ring ) is still worn on the left hand . Men generally wear the rings on the right hand and the women on the left hands . If a wedding ring is worn , the ring is worn on the left ring finger mostly for men . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Digit ratio , comparative lengths of the index finger and ring finger and androgen levels in utero </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Magyar , László A. `` Digitus Medicinalis -- the Etymology of the Name '' Actes du Congr . Intern . d'Hist . de Med . XXXII. , Antwerpen. 175 - 179. , 1990 , retrieved September 2 , 2009 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Third finger '' . Dictionary.com Unabridged . Random House . Retrieved 2012 - 08 - 05 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mukherji , Subha ( 2006 ) , Law and Representation in Early Modern Drama , Cambridge University Press , pp. 35 − 36 , ISBN 0521850355 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Why in the Orthodox tradition do we wear the wedding ring on the left hand ? , antiochian.org </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ David Sperber , in : Daniel Sperber , Minhagei Yisrael Vol. 4 , Jerusalem 1995 , pp. 92 - 93 ( Hebrew ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` A Sri Lankan Tamil Hindu Wedding '' ( PDF ) . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ring fingers . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Look up ring finger in Wiktionary , the free dictionary . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Archive of a 1998 article in a Flemish newspaper about the place of the wedding ring in the Low Countries </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Human regional anatomy </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Head </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ear </Li> <Li> Face <Ul> <Li> Cheek </Li> <Li> Chin </Li> <Li> Eye </Li> <Li> Mouth </Li> <Li> Nose </Li> <Li> Forehead </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Jaw </Li> <Li> Occiput </Li> <Li> Scalp </Li> <Li> Temple </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Neck </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Adam 's apple </Li> <Li> Throat </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Trunk </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Abdomen <Ul> <Li> Waist </Li> <Li> Midriff </Li> <Li> Navel </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Back </Li> <Li> Thorax <Ul> <Li> Breast </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Pelvis <Ul> <Li> Sex organs </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Limbs </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Arm </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Shoulder </Li> <Li> Axilla </Li> <Li> Brachium </Li> <Li> Elbow </Li> <Li> Forearm </Li> <Li> Wrist </Li> <Li> Hand </Li> <Li> Finger <Ul> <Li> Thumb </Li> <Li> Index </Li> <Li> Middle </Li> <Li> Ring </Li> <Li> Little </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Leg </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Buttocks </Li> <Li> Hip </Li> <Li> Thigh </Li> <Li> Knee </Li> <Li> Calf </Li> <Li> Foot <Ul> <Li> Ankle </Li> <Li> Heel </Li> <Li> Sole </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Toe </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Écorché </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> General anatomy : systems and organs , regional anatomy , planes and lines , superficial axial anatomy , superficial anatomy of limbs </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ring_finger&oldid=817554929 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Fingers </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Medicine infobox template using Dorlands parameter </Li> <Li> All articles with unsourced statements </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from February 2016 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Aragonés </Li> <Li> ܐܪܡܝܐ </Li> <Li> Bân - lâm - gú </Li> <Li> Български </Li> <Li> Bosanski </Li> <Li> Brezhoneg </Li> <Li> Català </Li> <Li> Čeština </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> ދިވެހިބަސް </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> Esperanto </Li> <Li> Euskara </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Frysk </Li> <Li> Gàidhlig </Li> <Li> Galego </Li> <Li> ગુજરાતી </Li> <Li> 한국어 </Li> <Li> हिन्दी </Li> <Li> Bahasa Indonesia </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> Basa Jawa </Li> <Li> Kiswahili </Li> <Li> Latina </Li> <Li> Lumbaart </Li> <Li> मराठी </Li> <Li> Bahasa Melayu </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> 日本 語 </Li> <Li> Norsk </Li> <Li> Occitan </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> संस्कृतम् </Li> <Li> Slovenčina </Li> <Li> Soomaaliga </Li> <Li> Српски / srpski </Li> <Li> Suomi </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> <Li> தமிழ் </Li> <Li> ไทย </Li> <Li> Türkçe </Li> <Li> Українська </Li> <Li> اردو </Li> <Li> ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche </Li> <Li> Tiếng Việt </Li> <Li> Winaray </Li> <Li> 粵語 </Li> <Li> 中文 </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 29 December 2017 , at 03 : 58 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> | In India, the ring finger for a male is | [
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-4323000711881657078 | Bernard Hill - wikipedia <H1> Bernard Hill </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Bernard Hill </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Bernard Hill in September 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> ( 1944 - 12 - 17 ) 17 December 1944 ( age 72 ) Blackley , Manchester , England </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nationality </Th> <Td> British </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Education </Th> <Td> Xaverian College </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alma mater </Th> <Td> Manchester Metropolitan University </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Actor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1975 -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spouse ( s ) </Th> <Td> Marianne Hill ( ? -- present ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Children </Th> <Td> Gabriel Hill </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Bernard Hill ( born 17 December 1944 ) is an English film , stage and television actor . He is known for playing Yosser Hughes , the troubled ' hard man ' whose life is falling apart in Alan Bleasdale 's groundbreaking 1980s TV drama Boys from the Blackstuff and , more recently , as the Duke of Norfolk in the BBC adaptation of Dame Hilary Mantel 's Wolf Hall . He is also known for roles in blockbuster films , including Captain Edward Smith in Titanic , King Théoden in The Lord of the Rings film trilogy and Luther Plunkitt , the Warden of San Quentin Prison in the Clint Eastwood film True Crime . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early life </Li> <Li> 2 Career <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Boys from the Blackstuff </Li> <Li> 2.2 Later roles </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Personal life </Li> <Li> 4 Selected stage and screen credits <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Theatre </Li> <Li> 4.2 Filmography </Li> <Li> 4.3 Television </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Video games </Li> <Li> 6 References and notes </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Hill was born in Blackley , Manchester . He was brought up in a Catholic family of miners . Hill attended Xaverian College , and then Manchester Polytechnic School of Drama at the same time as Richard Griffiths . He graduated with a diploma in theatre in 1970 . </P> <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Boys from the Blackstuff ( edit ) </H3> <P> Hill first came to prominence as Yosser Hughes , a Liverpool working class man ultimately driven to the edge by an uncaring system , in Alan Bleasdale 's BBC Play for Today programme , The Black Stuff , and its more famous series sequel , Boys from the Blackstuff . His character 's much - repeated phrase Gizza job ( `` Give us a job '' ) became popular with protesters against Margaret Thatcher 's government , because of the high unemployment of the time . </P> <P> With his bemused brood of kids never let out of his sight , Bernard Hill 's powerful depiction of a man crumbling before the audience 's eyes brought him numerous awards but , as he later revealed , almost `` drove him to the edge of insanity '' . </P> <H3> Later roles ( edit ) </H3> <P> Hill then appeared as Sergeant Putnam in Gandhi ( 1982 ) , directed by Richard Attenborough . Though Hill did not figure prominently in the cast , he benefited from being part of an Oscar - winning film . Next up for Hill was Roger Donaldson 's The Bounty ( 1984 ) , a fourth dramatisation of the famed mutiny on HMS Bounty . </P> <P> He had previously taken smaller parts in a number of British television dramas , appearing in the acclaimed I , Claudius in 1976 as Gratus , the no - nonsense soldier of Caligula 's bodyguard who drew Claudius from his hiding - place in the palace , and presented him as the proper heir to the empire , and also as Richard Plantagenet , Duke of York in the BBC Television Shakespeare 1982 productions of Shakespeare 's Henry VI plays . </P> <P> In 1985 , he played the lead role in a TV dramatisation of John Lennon 's life , A Journey in the Life . In addition to TV roles , Hill appeared on stage in The Cherry Orchard , and the title roles in Macbeth and A View from the Bridge . </P> <P> Hill then received critical acclaim for his performance as Joe Bradshaw in Shirley Valentine ( 1989 ) , about a Liverpool housewife ( Pauline Collins ) who was a former anti-establishment rebel and engages in an extramarital affair . Hill added more prominent films to his resume , including Mountains of the Moon ( 1990 ) , Skallagrigg ( 1994 ) and Madagascar Skin ( 1995 ) . </P> <P> In the mid-1990s , Hill began appearing in films more regularly . His first major role came in The Ghost and the Darkness ( 1996 ) , starring Val Kilmer as a bridge - building engineer who must trust a big game hunter ( Michael Douglas ) despite their mutual animosity ; Hill portrayed the role of Dr. Hawthorne . Hill then went down with the ship when he played Captain Edward J. Smith on the ill - fated Titanic ( 1997 ) , by James Cameron , with whom Hill got along quite well -- an experience not shared by most working on the film . Being in the then biggest grossing film of all time attracted attention to his career , as Hill became more sought - after for more prominent parts . </P> <P> Hill played Philos in The Scorpion King ( 2002 ) , starring Dwayne `` The Rock '' Johnson , Michael Clarke Duncan and Kelly Hu . </P> <P> Hill became known to a worldwide audience when he was cast in the role of King Théoden of Rohan in Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings film trilogy based on Tolkien 's novel of the same name . Before casting him as King Théoden , director Peter Jackson considered Hill for the part of Gandalf . When he was due to leave the set at the end of production , Jackson gave Hill two gifts , Théoden 's helmet and sword Herugrim . </P> <P> At the 2006 BAFTA TV Awards and International Emmy Award , Hill was nominated for his portrayal of David Blunkett in the one - off satirical drama , A Very Social Secretary . </P> <P> Hill is one of the few actors who have acted in three films that went on to win the Academy Award for Best Picture . He did this with Gandhi ( 1982 ) , Titanic ( 1997 ) and The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King ( 2003 ) . </P> <P> He held a minor role in the 2008 film Valkyrie , as the commanding general of the German Afrika Korp X Panzer Division , and as a voice actor for Sir Walter Beck in Fable III ( 2010 ) . </P> <P> Due to his affinity and links to the region , along with his extensive CV in film , Hill was announced as a new patron and judge of the Norwich Film Festival , that was held on March 2012 . </P> <P> He plays Samuel Cotton , who runs a sweet factory with his son in the 2014 three - part BBC drama series about Manchester From There To Here . </P> <P> Hill appears as Thomas Howard , 3rd Duke of Norfolk in the 2015 six - part BBC adaptation of Hilary Mantel 's novels , Wolf Hall . </P> <H2> Personal life ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( June 2012 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Hill currently lives in Suffolk . He is married to Marianne Hill , and has a son named Gabriel . </P> <H2> Selected stage and Screen credits ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Theatre ( edit ) </H3> Hill at a Lord of the Rings convention in Bonn , Germany , October 2004 <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Play </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Theatre </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> John , Paul , George , Ringo ... and Bert </Td> <Td> John Lennon </Td> <Td> Lyric Theatre , London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1978 </Td> <Td> Twelfth Night </Td> <Td> Toby Belch </Td> <Td> Young Vic , London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Short List </Td> <Td> Howard </Td> <Td> Hampstead Theatre , London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> The Plough and the Stars </Td> <Td> Fluther Good </Td> <Td> Royal Exchange , Manchester </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1986 </Td> <Td> Macbeth </Td> <Td> Macbeth </Td> <Td> Haymarket Theatre , Leicester </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> The Cherry Orchard </Td> <Td> Lopakhin </Td> <Td> Aldwych Theatre , London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td> Gasping </Td> <Td> Sir Chiffley Lockheart </Td> <Td> Theatre Royal , Haymarket , London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1995 </Td> <Td> A View from the Bridge </Td> <Td> Eddie Carbone </Td> <Td> Strand Theatre , London </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Filmography ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Film </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> It Could Happen to You </Td> <Td> Syph </Td> <Td> Film also known as Intimate Teenage Secrets </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1976 </Td> <Td> Trial by Combat </Td> <Td> Blind Freddie </Td> <Td> Film also known as Dirty Knights Work </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1978 </Td> <Td> The Sailor 's Return </Td> <Td> Carter </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1978 </Td> <Td> The Spongers </Td> <Td> Sullivan </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1982 </Td> <Td> Gandhi </Td> <Td> Sergeant Putnam </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Squaring the Circle </Td> <Td> Narrator </Td> <Td> Documentary </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Runners </Td> <Td> Trevor Field </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1984 </Td> <Td> The Bounty </Td> <Td> Cole </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1985 </Td> <Td> Restless Natives </Td> <Td> Will 's father </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Chain </Td> <Td> Nick </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Samson and Delilah </Td> <Td> Willie Naknervis </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1986 </Td> <Td> Milwr Bychan </Td> <Td> Officer </Td> <Td> Film also known as Boy Soldier </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New World </Td> <Td> John Billington </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> No Surrender </Td> <Td> Bernard </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bellman and True </Td> <Td> Hiller </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Drowning by Numbers </Td> <Td> Henry Madgett </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1989 </Td> <Td> Shirley Valentine </Td> <Td> Joe Bradshaw </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1990 </Td> <Td> Mountains of the Moon </Td> <Td> Dr. David Livingston </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1991 </Td> <Td> The Law Lord </Td> <Td> Martin Allport </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Name of the Game </Td> <Td> Ignatius `` Iggy '' Smith </Td> <Td> Film also known as Run Rabbit Run and Double X </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1993 </Td> <Td> Shepherd on the Rock </Td> <Td> Tam Ferrier </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1994 </Td> <Td> Skallagrigg </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Drug Taking and the Arts </Td> <Td> Presenter and narrator </Td> <Td> Documentary </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1995 </Td> <Td> Madagascar Skin </Td> <Td> Flint </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Ghost and the Darkness </Td> <Td> Dr. Hawthorne </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Wind in the Willows </Td> <Td> Engine driver </Td> <Td> Film also known as Mr. Toad 's Wild Ride </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Titanic </Td> <Td> Captain Edward J. Smith </Td> <Td> Nominated -- Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture One of two films in which Hill stars | The role of King Theoden in the Lord of the Rings was played by | [
"Bernard Hill"
] | 130 | Who played king theoden in lord of the rings? |
-2664158830468622213 | and stop her evil plans to steal the girl 's pure soul ! </P> <P> The bonus gameplay is called `` The Oriental Cinderella '' . It tells the story of a Chinese Princess , Shan Mao , a `` Cinderella '' , who was turned into a nine - tailed fox by the Spider Witch , who is in fact her evil stepsister , Princess Chi . You , the player , play as the Prince , ( whose marriage proposal Princess Shan Mao has accepted ) , as he goes on a quest to save Shan , with the help of Godmother ( before she turned evil , showing how she met Geppetto ) , from Princess Chi . </P> <P> After the end credits , it reveals that the next installment will center around `` Jack and the Beanstalk '' . </P> <H3> Part 6 - Jack and the Sky Kingdom ( edit ) </H3> <P> Dark Parables : Jack and the Sky Kingdom is the sixth installment in the Dark Parables series released on February 6 , 2014 . Accompanied by a legendary and infamous Robin Hood - esq fortune hunter called Jack , the Fairytale Detective ventures up to the Sky Kingdom , ( a mythical floating kingdom ) , after chunks of it have rained down upon a town in Alblasserwaard , South Holland , and discover the history behind the chaos and stop the Sky Kingdom King and Princes ' wreaking havoc and destruction . The bonus gameplay is called `` Rumpelstiltskin and the Queen '' . It tells the story of how the young Queen of the Sky Kingdom , ( the miller 's daughter from `` Rumpelstiltskin '' ) rescues her infant daughter from Rumpelstiltskin . </P> <H3> Part 7 - Ballad of Rapunzel ( edit ) </H3> <P> Dark Parables : Ballad of Rapunzel is the seventh installment in the Dark Parables series , released on June 26 , 2014 . As revealed on the game 's beta demo , the events of the seventh installment are set at `` the ruins of the ancient Floralia kingdom , ( named for the kingdom 's patron , the Roman goddess , Flora ) on this mountain , '' Mount Sněžka , Czech Republic , in Central Europe , and the game is set 10 - years after the events of ' Rise of the Snow Queen ' . Along with Gerda and Prince Ross Red ( Snow White 's estranged fraternal twin brother ) , the player explores the cause of the waves of deadly pollen that is building to spread across the land . </P> <P> The Bonus Chapter gameplay is called `` The Thumbelina Curse '' . Following the events of The Ballad of Rapunzel , the player play as Gerda , the Golden Child ( descendant of Hansel , the first Golden Child ) , as she seeks to locate Kai , who disappeared at the beginning of the Main game . </P> <H3> Part 8 - the Little mermaid and the Purple Tide ( edit ) </H3> <P> Dark Parables : The Little Mermaid and the Purple Tide is the eighth installment in the Dark Parables series . It is the first sequel developed by Eipix Entertainment . The Collector 's Edition was released on November 13 , 2014 for PC and Mac , with an iOS version released afterwards . The events of the eighth installment are set the Island of Crete , off of the coast of Greece , in the Mediterranean Sea . As the Detective , the player must investigate the `` Legendary Sunken Kingdom of Prasino '' ( under the patronage of the ancient Greek Goddess , Thalassa ) , after reports of a Purple Tide approaching the coastline , killing all marine life in its path and flooding a coastal village . </P> <P> The Bonus Chapter gameplay in this game is called `` Trusty John and King Bluebeard '' . </P> <H3> Part 9 - the Queen of Sands ( edit ) </H3> <P> Dark Parables : The Queen of Sands is the ninth installment of the Dark Parables series , once again developed by Eipix Entertainment . The Collector 's Edition was released on May 21 , 2015 for PC and Mac , with iOS and Android versions to be released at a later date . </P> <P> In the ( fictional ) town of Montafleur , provincial France , the streets are overrun by a purple mist created by the `` Queen of Sands '' , transforming all of the townsfolk exposed into nightmarish creatures . </P> <P> The Bonus chapter is centred around the Parable of The Seven Ravens . </P> <H3> Part 10 - Goldilocks and the Fallen Star ( edit ) </H3> <P> Dark Parables : Goldilocks and the Fallen Star is the tenth game of Dark Parables franchise . The CE was released on November 19 , 2015 . The Kingdom of Barsia has been invaded by mechanical beasts that are attacking its citizens . </P> <H3> Part 11 - the Swan Princess and the Dire Tree ( edit ) </H3> <P> Dark Parables : The Swan Princess and The Dire Tree is the eleventh installment of the Dark Parables series . It was released on July 7 , 2016 as Collector 's Edition version . </P> <H3> Part 12 - the thief and the tinderbox ( edit ) </H3> <P> The 12th game of this series was released on September 22 , 2016 as a Collector 's Edition version . The player investigates a rogue arsonist who is setting the Mountain Kingdom 's forests on fire . </P> <H3> Part 13 - requiem for the forgotten shadow ( edit ) </H3> <P> The 13th game of this series. The BETA edition was released on November 17 , 2016 . On February 24th , 2017 , the Collector 's Edition was released on the web . </P> <H3> Part 14 - Return of the salt Princess ( edit ) </H3> <P> The 14th game of this series. The BETA game was released in September 2017 . This episode will be developed by Blue Tea Games who return to the series since 2014 . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section is empty . You can help by adding to it . ( October 2015 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( January 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Big Fish Games presents the Blue Tea Games collection '' . Big Fish Games . Retrieved 2012 - 09 - 23 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Series Spotlight : Dark Parables '' . Big Fish Games . 21 September 2012 . Retrieved 2012 - 09 - 23 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Dark Parables : Curse of the Briar Rose Collector 's Edition Game Download for PC '' . Big Fish Games . Retrieved 2012 - 09 - 23 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Dark Parables : The Exiled Prince Collector 's Edition Game Download for PC '' . Big Fish Games . Retrieved 2012 - 09 - 23 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Dark Parables : Rise of the Snow Queen Collector 's Edition Game Download for PC '' . Big Fish Games . Retrieved 2012 - 09 - 23 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Dark Parables : The Red Riding Hood Sisters Collector 's Edition Game Download for PC '' . Big Fish Games . Retrieved 2012 - 09 - 23 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Dark Parables : The Swan Princess and The Dire Tree Collector 's Edition '' . Big Fish Games . Retrieved 2016 - 08 - 27 . </Li> </Ol> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dark_Parables&oldid=806052418 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Big Fish Games games </Li> <Li> Casual games </Li> <Li> Video game franchises </Li> <Li> 2010 video games </Li> <Li> Video games featuring female antagonists </Li> <Li> Video games featuring female protagonists </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with topics of unclear notability from December 2013 </Li> <Li> All articles with topics of unclear notability </Li> <Li> Articles to be expanded from October 2015 </Li> <Li> All articles to be expanded </Li> <Li> Articles with empty sections from October 2015 </Li> <Li> All articles with empty sections </Li> <Li> Articles using small message boxes </Li> <Li> Articles needing additional references from January 2015 </Li> <Li> All articles needing additional references </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Nederlands </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 19 October 2017 , at 10 : 45 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> Developers </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> | The Dark Parables: Return of the Salt Princess | [
"BETA game was released in September 2017"
] | 2,562 | Dark parables return of the salt princess release date? |
-3556174730654201439 | Outlier - wikipedia <H1> Outlier </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the statistical term . For other uses , see Outlier ( disambiguation ) . Figure 1 . Box plot of data from the Michelson -- Morley experiment displaying four outliers in the middle column , as well as one outlier in the first column . <P> In statistics , an outlier is an observation point that is distant from other observations . An outlier may be due to variability in the measurement or it may indicate experimental error ; the latter are sometimes excluded from the data set . An outlier can cause serious problems in statistical analyses . </P> <P> Outliers can occur by chance in any distribution , but they often indicate either measurement error or that the population has a heavy - tailed distribution . In the former case one wishes to discard them or use statistics that are robust to outliers , while in the latter case they indicate that the distribution has high skewness and that one should be very cautious in using tools or intuitions that assume a normal distribution . A frequent cause of outliers is a mixture of two distributions , which may be two distinct sub-populations , or may indicate ' correct trial ' versus ' measurement error ' ; this is modeled by a mixture model . </P> <P> In most larger samplings of data , some data points will be further away from the sample mean than what is deemed reasonable . This can be due to incidental systematic error or flaws in the theory that generated an assumed family of probability distributions , or it may be that some observations are far from the center of the data . Outlier points can therefore indicate faulty data , erroneous procedures , or areas where a certain theory might not be valid . However , in large samples , a small number of outliers is to be expected ( and not due to any anomalous condition ) . </P> <P> Outliers , being the most extreme observations , may include the sample maximum or sample minimum , or both , depending on whether they are extremely high or low . However , the sample maximum and minimum are not always outliers because they may not be unusually far from other observations . </P> <P> Naive interpretation of statistics derived from data sets that include outliers may be misleading . For example , if one is calculating the average temperature of 10 objects in a room , and nine of them are between 20 and 25 degrees Celsius , but an oven is at 175 ° C , the median of the data will be between 20 and 25 ° C but the mean temperature will be between 35.5 and 40 ° C. In this case , the median better reflects the temperature of a randomly sampled object ( but not the temperature in the room ) than the mean ; naively interpreting the mean as `` a typical sample '' , equivalent to the median , is incorrect . As illustrated in this case , outliers may indicate data points that belong to a different population than the rest of the sample set . </P> <P> Estimators capable of coping with outliers are said to be robust : the median is a robust statistic of central tendency , while the mean is not . However , the mean is generally more precise estimator . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Occurrence and causes <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Causes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Detection <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Peirce 's criterion </Li> <Li> 2.2 Tukey 's fences </Li> <Li> 2.3 In anomaly detection </Li> <Li> 2.4 Modified Thompson Tau test </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Working with outliers <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Retention </Li> <Li> 3.2 Exclusion </Li> <Li> 3.3 Non-normal distributions </Li> <Li> 3.4 Set - membership uncertainties </Li> <Li> 3.5 Alternative models </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Occurrence and causes ( edit ) </H2> Relative probabilities in a normal distribution <P> In the case of normally distributed data , the three sigma rule means that roughly 1 in 22 observations will differ by twice the standard deviation or more from the mean , and 1 in 370 will deviate by three times the standard deviation . In a sample of 1000 observations , the presence of up to five observations deviating from the mean by more than three times the standard deviation is within the range of what can be expected , being less than twice the expected number and hence within 1 standard deviation of the expected number -- see Poisson distribution -- and not indicate an anomaly . If the sample size is only 100 , however , just three such outliers are already reason for concern , being more than 11 times the expected number . </P> <P> In general , if the nature of the population distribution is known a priori , it is possible to test if the number of outliers deviate significantly from what can be expected : for a given cutoff ( so samples fall beyond the cutoff with probability p ) of a given distribution , the number of outliers will follow a binomial distribution with parameter p , which can generally be well - approximated by the Poisson distribution with λ = pn . Thus if one takes a normal distribution with cutoff 3 standard deviations from the mean , p is approximately 0.3 % , and thus for 1000 trials one can approximate the number of samples whose deviation exceeds 3 sigmas by a Poisson distribution with λ = 3 . </P> <H3> Causes ( edit ) </H3> <P> Outliers can have many anomalous causes . A physical apparatus for taking measurements may have suffered a transient malfunction . There may have been an error in data transmission or transcription . Outliers arise due to changes in system behaviour , fraudulent behaviour , human error , instrument error or simply through natural deviations in populations . A sample may have been contaminated with elements from outside the population being examined . Alternatively , an outlier could be the result of a flaw in the assumed theory , calling for further investigation by the researcher . Additionally , the pathological appearance of outliers of a certain form appears in a variety of datasets , indicating that the causative mechanism for the data might differ at the extreme end ( King effect ) . </P> <H2> Detection ( edit ) </H2> <P> There is no rigid mathematical definition of what constitutes an outlier ; determining whether or not an observation is an outlier is ultimately a subjective exercise . There are various methods of outlier detection . Some are graphical such as normal probability plots . Others are model - based . Box plots are a hybrid . </P> <P> Model - based methods which are commonly used for identification assume that the data are from a normal distribution , and identify observations which are deemed `` unlikely '' based on mean and standard deviation : </P> <Ul> <Li> Chauvenet 's criterion </Li> <Li> Grubbs ' test for outliers </Li> <Li> Dixon 's Q test </Li> <Li> ASTM E178 Standard Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations </Li> <Li> Mahalanobis distance and leverage are often used to detect outliers , especially in the development of linear regression models . </Li> <Li> Subspace and correlation based techniques for high - dimensional numerical data </Li> </Ul> <H3> Peirce 's criterion ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Peirce 's criterion <P> It is proposed to determine in a series of m ( \ displaystyle m ) observations the limit of error , beyond which all observations involving so great an error may be rejected , provided there are as many as n ( \ displaystyle n ) such observations . The principle upon which it is proposed to solve this problem is , that the proposed observations should be rejected when the probability of the system of errors obtained by retaining them is less than that of the system of errors obtained by their rejection multiplied by the probability of making so many , and no more , abnormal observations . ( Quoted in the editorial note on page 516 to Peirce ( 1982 edition ) from A Manual of Astronomy 2 : 558 by Chauvenet . ) </P> <H3> Tukey 's fences ( edit ) </H3> <P> Other methods flag observations based on measures such as the interquartile range . For example , if Q 1 ( \ displaystyle Q_ ( 1 ) ) and Q 3 ( \ displaystyle Q_ ( 3 ) ) are the lower and upper quartiles respectively , then one could define an outlier to be any observation outside the range : </P> <Dl> <Dd> ( Q 1 − k ( Q 3 − Q 1 ) , Q 3 + k ( Q 3 − Q 1 ) ) ( \ displaystyle ( \ big ( ) Q_ ( 1 ) - k ( Q_ ( 3 ) - Q_ ( 1 ) ) , Q_ ( 3 ) + k ( Q_ ( 3 ) - Q_ ( 1 ) ) ( \ big ) ) ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> for some nonnegative constant k ( \ displaystyle k ) . John Tukey proposed this test , where k = 1.5 ( \ displaystyle k = 1.5 ) indicates an `` outlier '' , and k = 3 ( \ displaystyle k = 3 ) indicates data that is `` far out '' . </P> <H3> In anomaly detection ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Anomaly detection <P> In the data mining task of anomaly detection , other approaches are distance - based and density - based such as Local Outlier Factor ( LOF ) , and most of them use the distance to the k - nearest neighbors to label observations as outliers or non-outliers . </P> <H3> Modified Thompson Tau test ( edit ) </H3> <P> The modified Thompson Tau test is a method used to determine if an outlier exists in a data set . The strength of this method lies in the fact that it takes into account a data set 's standard deviation , average and provides a statistically determined rejection zone ; thus providing an objective method to determine if a data point is an outlier . Note : Although intuitively appealing , this method appears to be unpublished ( it is not described in Thompson ( 1985 ) ) and one should use it with caution . </P> <P> How it works : First , a data set 's average is determined . Next the absolute deviation between each data point and the average are determined . Thirdly , a rejection region is determined using the formula : Rejection Region = t α / 2 ( n − 1 ) n n − 2 + t α / 2 2 ( \ displaystyle ( \ text ( Rejection Region ) ) ( = ) ( \ frac ( ( t_ ( \ alpha / 2 ) ) ( \ left ( n - 1 \ right ) ) ) ( ( \ sqrt ( n ) ) ( \ sqrt ( n - 2 + ( t_ ( \ alpha / 2 ) ^ ( 2 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ; where t α / 2 ( \ displaystyle ( t_ ( \ alpha / 2 ) ) ) is the critical value from the Student t distribution with n - 2 degrees of freedom , n is the sample size , and s is the sample standard deviation . To determine if a value is an outlier : Calculate δ = ( X - mean ( X ) ) / s . If δ > Rejection Region , the data point is an outlier . If δ ≤ Rejection Region , the data point is not | The outliers in a data set are | [
"an observation point that is distant from other observations"
] | 68 | What are the outliers in a data set? |
-3126002400370149073 | South Dakota elections , 2018 - wikipedia <H1> South Dakota elections , 2018 </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th> Elections in South Dakota </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Federal government ( show ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Presidential Elections </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1892 </Li> <Li> 1896 </Li> <Li> 1900 </Li> <Li> 1904 </Li> <Li> 1908 </Li> <Li> 1912 </Li> <Li> 1916 </Li> <Li> 1920 </Li> <Li> 1924 </Li> <Li> 1928 </Li> <Li> 1932 </Li> <Li> 1936 </Li> <Li> 1940 </Li> <Li> 1944 </Li> <Li> 1948 </Li> <Li> 1952 </Li> <Li> 1956 </Li> <Li> 1960 </Li> <Li> 1964 </Li> <Li> 1968 </Li> <Li> 1972 </Li> <Li> 1976 </Li> <Li> 1980 </Li> <Li> 1984 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1992 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 2000 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 2008 </Li> <Li> 2012 </Li> <Li> 2016 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Presidential Primaries </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Dl> <Dt> Democratic </Dt> <Dd> 2008 </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> Republican </Dt> <Dd> 2008 </Dd> <Dd> 2012 </Dd> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> U.S. Senate elections </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1980 </Li> <Li> 1986 </Li> <Li> 1992 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1998 </Li> <Li> 2002 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 2008 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 2014 </Li> <Li> 2016 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> U.S. House elections </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 2002 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 2006 </Li> <Li> 2008 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 2012 </Li> <Li> 2014 </Li> <Li> 2016 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Special elections </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> At - large , 2004 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> State government ( show ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> General elections </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> 2014 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gubernatorial elections </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1889 </Li> <Li> 1890 </Li> <Li> 1892 </Li> <Li> 1894 </Li> <Li> 1896 </Li> <Li> 1898 </Li> <Li> 1900 </Li> <Li> 1902 </Li> <Li> 1904 </Li> <Li> 1906 </Li> <Li> 1972 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1978 </Li> <Li> 1982 </Li> <Li> 1986 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1998 </Li> <Li> 2002 </Li> <Li> 2006 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 2014 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ballot measures ( show ) <Dl> <Dt> 2006 </Dt> <Dd> Amendment C </Dd> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> A general election will be held in the U.S. state of South Dakota on November 6 , 2018 . All of South Dakota 's executive officers will be up for election as well as South Dakota 's at - large seat in the United States House of Representatives . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 United States House of Representatives <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Republican primary </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Governor and Lieutenant Governor </Li> <Li> 3 Attorney General <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Republican primary </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Secretary of State <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Republican primary </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 State Treasurer <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Republican primary </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 State Auditor </Li> <Li> 7 Commissioner of School and Public Lands </Li> <Li> 8 Public Utilities Commissioner </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> United States House of Representatives ( edit ) </H2> Main article : United States House of Representatives election in South Dakota , 2018 South Dakota GOP Primary Neal Tapio Businessman , Trump Campaign Manager , and state senator . Declared Candidates for South Dakota 's GOP primary . <P> Incumbent Republican U.S. Representative Kristi Noem is not running for re-election and is instead running for governor . </P> <H3> Republican primary ( edit ) </H3> <P> On November 15th , 2016 , Dusty Johnson announced bid shortly after Kristi Noem announced intentions to run for Governor of South Dakota . </P> <P> On January 28th , 2018 , Neal Tapio announced bid to become a Republican candidate for U.S. Representative for South Dakota 's at - large congressional district . </P> <H2> Governor and lieutenant governor ( edit ) </H2> Main article : South Dakota gubernatorial election , 2018 <P> Incumbent Republican Governor Dennis Daugaard is term - limited and can not seek re-election to a third consecutive term . </P> <H2> Attorney General ( edit ) </H2> <P> Incumbent Republican Attorney General Marty Jackley is term - limited and can not run for re-election to a third term . Jackley is running for governor . </P> <H3> Republican primary ( edit ) </H3> <P> Lawrence County State 's Attorney John Fitzgerald , Chief Deputy Attorney General Charlie McGuigan , and attorney and 2014 U.S. Senate candidate Jason Ravnsborg are running for the Republican nomination . </P> <H2> Secretary of State ( edit ) </H2> <P> Incumbent Republican Secretary of State Shantel Krebs is not running for re-election and is instead running for Congress . </P> <H3> Republican primary ( edit ) </H3> <P> State Auditor Steve Barnett is running for the Republican nomination . </P> <H2> State treasurer ( edit ) </H2> <P> Incumbent Republican State Treasurer Rich Sattgast is term - limited and can not run for re-election to a third term . </P> <H3> Republican primary ( edit ) </H3> <P> Josh Haeder , Northeast Director for Senator Mike Rounds , is running for the Republican nomination . </P> <H2> State Auditor ( edit ) </H2> <P> Incumbent Republican State Auditor Steve Barnett is term - limited and can not run for re-election to a third term . </P> <H2> Commissioner of School and Public Lands ( edit ) </H2> <P> Incumbent Republican Commissioner of School and Public Lands Ryan Brunner has not announced whether he will run for re-election to a second term . </P> <H2> Public Utilities Commissioner ( edit ) </H2> <P> Incumbent Republican Public Utilities Commission Chair Kristie Fiegen has not announced whether she will run for re-election to a second six - year term in office . </P> <P> </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Ellis , Jonathan ( November 14 , 2016 ) . `` Noem announces historic bid for governor '' . Argus Leader . Retrieved November 15 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Ferguson , Dana . `` Former Trump state campaign director Neal Tapio announces bid for U.S. Hous '' . Argus Leader . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Griffith , Tom ( March 17 , 2017 ) . `` Lawrence County State 's Attorney in race for state AG '' . Rapid City Journal . Retrieved June 24 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Powers , Pat ( March 13 , 2017 ) . `` Deputy AG McGuigan informs State 's Atty 's of his intention to run for AG '' . South Dakota War College . Retrieved June 24 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Dockendorf , Randy ( February 21 , 2017 ) . `` Ravnsborg Announces Run For S.D. Attorney General '' . Yankton Daily Press & Dakotan . Retrieved June 24 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Ferguson , Dana ( March 13 , 2017 ) . `` Krebs announces bid for U.S. House seat '' . Argus Leader . Retrieved March 14 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Taylor , Jack ( April 24 , 2017 ) . `` Steve Barnett wants Shantel Kreb 's job '' . KELO . Retrieved June 24 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Huron man announces bid for S.D. state treasurer '' . Argus Leader . Associated Press . March 21 , 2017 . Retrieved June 24 , 2017 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> ( 2017 ← ) 2018 United States elections ( → 2019 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> U.S. Senate </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Arizona </Li> <Li> California </Li> <Li> Connecticut </Li> <Li> Delaware </Li> <Li> Florida </Li> <Li> Hawaii </Li> <Li> Indiana </Li> <Li> Maine </Li> <Li> Maryland </Li> <Li> Massachusetts </Li> <Li> Michigan </Li> <Li> Minnesota <Ul> <Li> special </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Mississippi <Ul> <Li> special </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Missouri </Li> <Li> Montana </Li> <Li> Nebraska </Li> <Li> Nevada </Li> <Li> New Jersey </Li> <Li> New Mexico </Li> <Li> New York </Li> <Li> North Dakota </Li> <Li> Ohio </Li> <Li> Pennsylvania </Li> <Li> Rhode Island </Li> <Li> Tennessee </Li> <Li> Texas </Li> <Li> Utah </Li> <Li> Vermont </Li> <Li> Virginia </Li> <Li> Washington </Li> <Li> West Virginia </Li> <Li> Wisconsin </Li> <Li> Wyoming </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> U.S. House </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Alabama </Li> <Li> Alaska </Li> <Li> American Samoa </Li> <Li> Arizona <Ul> <Li> 8th , special </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Arkansas </Li> <Li> California </Li> <Li> Colorado </Li> <Li> Connecticut </Li> <Li> Delaware </Li> <Li> District of Columbia </Li> <Li> Florida </Li> <Li> Georgia </Li> <Li> Guam </Li> <Li> Hawaii </Li> <Li> Idaho </Li> <Li> Illinois </Li> <Li> Indiana </Li> <Li> Iowa </Li> <Li> Kansas </Li> <Li> Kentucky </Li> <Li> Louisiana </Li> <Li> Maine </Li> <Li> Maryland </Li> <Li> Massachusetts </Li> <Li> Michigan <Ul> <Li> 13th , special </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minnesota </Li> <Li> Mississippi </Li> <Li> Missouri </Li> <Li> Montana </Li> <Li> Nebraska </Li> <Li> Nevada </Li> <Li> New Hampshire </Li> <Li> New Jersey </Li> <Li> New Mexico </Li> <Li> New York <Ul> <Li> 25th , special </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> North Carolina </Li> <Li> North Dakota </Li> <Li> Northern Mariana Islands </Li> <Li> Ohio <Ul> <Li> 12th , special </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Oklahoma </Li> <Li> Oregon </Li> <Li> Pennsylvania <Ul> <Li> 18th , special </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Rhode Island </Li> <Li> South Carolina </Li> <Li> South Dakota </Li> <Li> Tennessee </Li> <Li> Texas <Ul> <Li> 27th , special </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Utah </Li> <Li> Vermont </Li> <Li> Virginia </Li> <Li> U.S. Virgin Islands </Li> <Li> Washington </Li> <Li> West Virginia </Li> <Li> Wisconsin </Li> <Li> Wyoming </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Governors </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Alabama </Li> <Li> Alaska </Li> <Li> Arizona </Li> <Li> Arkansas </Li> <Li> California </Li> <Li> Colorado </Li> <Li> Connecticut </Li> <Li> Florida </Li> <Li> Georgia </Li> <Li> Guam </Li> <Li> Hawaii </Li> <Li> Idaho </Li> <Li> Illinois </Li> <Li> Iowa </Li> <Li> Kansas </Li> <Li> Maine </Li> <Li> Maryland </Li> <Li> Massachusetts </Li> <Li> Michigan </Li> <Li> Minnesota </Li> <Li> Nebraska </Li> <Li> Nevada </Li> <Li> New Hampshire </Li> <Li> New Mexico </Li> <Li> New York </Li> <Li> Northern Mariana Islands </Li> <Li> Ohio </Li> <Li> Oklahoma </Li> <Li> Oregon </Li> <Li> Pennsylvania </Li> <Li> Rhode Island </Li> <Li> South Carolina </Li> <Li> South Dakota </Li> <Li> Tennessee </Li> <Li> Texas </Li> <Li> U.S. Virgin Islands </Li> <Li> Vermont </Li> <Li> Wisconsin </Li> <Li> Wyoming </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mayoral </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Louisville </Li> <Li> Newark </Li> <Li> Oakland </Li> <Li> Phoenix </Li> <Li> San Francisco ( special ) </Li> <Li> San Jose </Li> <Li> Shreveport </Li> <Li> Washington , D.C. </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> States and territories </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Alabama </Li> <Li> Alaska </Li> <Li> American Samoa </Li> <Li> Arizona </Li> <Li> Arkansas </Li> <Li> California </Li> <Li> Colorado </Li> <Li> Connecticut </Li> <Li> Delaware </Li> <Li> Florida </Li> <Li> Georgia </Li> <Li> Guam </Li> <Li> Hawaii </Li> <Li> Idaho </Li> <Li> Illinois </Li> <Li> Indiana </Li> <Li> Iowa </Li> <Li> Kansas </Li> <Li> Kentucky </Li> <Li> Louisiana </Li> <Li> Maine </Li> <Li> Maryland </Li> <Li> Massachusetts </Li> <Li> Michigan </Li> <Li> Minnesota </Li> <Li> Mississippi </Li> <Li> Missouri </Li> <Li> Montana </Li> <Li> Nebraska </Li> <Li> Nevada </Li> <Li> New Hampshire </Li> <Li> New Jersey </Li> <Li> New Mexico </Li> <Li> New York </Li> <Li> North Carolina </Li> <Li> North Dakota </Li> <Li> Ohio </Li> <Li> Oklahoma </Li> <Li> Oregon </Li> <Li> Pennsylvania </Li> <Li> Puerto Rico </Li> <Li> Rhode Island </Li> <Li> South Carolina </Li> <Li> South Dakota </Li> <Li> Tennessee </Li> <Li> Texas </Li> <Li> U.S. Virgin Islands </Li> <Li> Utah </Li> <Li> Vermont </Li> <Li> Virginia </Li> <Li> Washington </Li> <Li> West Virginia </Li> <Li> Wisconsin | The candidate running for South Dakota Attorney General is | [
"Lawrence County State's Attorney John Fitzgerald"
] | 771 | Who is running for south dakota attorney general? |
9078092620239351027 | was n't with Tom . Summer puts her hand on Tom 's and says she is glad to see he is doing well . As she leaves , Tom tells her he really hopes she is happy . </P> <P> Twelve days later , on Wednesday , May 23 , Tom attends a job interview and meets a girl who is also applying for the same job . He finds that she shares his favorite spot and dislike for the parking lots . As he is entering the interview , he invites her for coffee afterwards . She politely declines , then changes her mind . Her name is Autumn . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Joseph Gordon - Levitt as Tom Hansen , a trained architect who works as a writer at a greeting card company . </Li> <Li> Zooey Deschanel as Summer Finn , assistant to Tom 's boss and Tom 's love interest . </Li> <Li> Geoffrey Arend as McKenzie , Tom 's co-worker at the greeting card company . </Li> <Li> Chloë Grace Moretz as Rachel Hansen , Tom 's younger half - sister . </Li> <Li> Matthew Gray Gubler as Paul , one of Tom 's friends . </Li> <Li> Clark Gregg as Vance , Tom 's boss . </Li> <Li> Patricia Belcher as Millie </Li> <Li> Rachel Boston as Alison , Tom 's blind date . </Li> <Li> Minka Kelly as Autumn </Li> <Li> Maile Flanagan as Rhoda </Li> <Li> Yvette Nicole Brown as Vance 's New Secretary </Li> <Li> Olivia Bagg as Young Summer </Li> <Li> Richard McGonagle as Narrator </Li> <Li> Harrison Ford as Han Solo ( cameo ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Writing ( edit ) </H3> <P> The style of film is presented in a nonlinear narrative . Each scene is introduced using a title card showing which of the 500 days it is . Co-writer of the film Scott Neustadter admitted the film was based on a real romance . Neustadter explains that when he met the real girl who inspired the character Summer as a student at the London School of Economics in 2002 , he was rebounding from a bad breakup back home , and promptly fell `` crazily , madly , hopelessly in love '' with the girl who `` returned his kisses but not his ardor . '' The ending of the relationship was `` painfully and unforgettably awful , '' which prompted him to co-write the film with Michael H. Weber . When Neustadter later showed the script to Summer 's real life counterpart , she said she related more to the Tom character . Weber also stated that , `` we 've all been in the trenches of love , we 've all gone through the highs and lows , so Scott and I felt that the only way to tell this story was to come at it from a completely real place . It was pretty interesting for us because Scott was just going through a break - up and I was in a long - term relationship , so we each brought a totally opposite perspective , living it and not living it , and I think that tension helped to bring out more of the comedy '' . </P> <H3> Direction ( edit ) </H3> <P> Director Marc Webb has described the film as more of a `` coming of age '' story as opposed to a `` rom - com '' . He stated , `` We arrive at a different conclusion , for one thing . Plus , most romantic comedies are more loyal to a formula than to emotional truth . It 's about happiness , and learning that you 'll find it within yourself , rather than in the big blue eyes of the girl in the cubicle down the hall . I wanted to make an unsentimental movie and an uncynical movie . In my mind , I wanted it to be something you could dance to . That 's why we put a parenthesis in the title -- it 's like a pop song in movie form . It 's not a big film . It 's not about war or poverty . It 's about 500 days in a young guy 's relationship , but it 's no less deserving of scrutiny . When your heart is first broken , it consumes you . And it 's an emotion I wanted to make a movie about , before I forgot how it felt '' . Webb also stated that Deschanel 's character , Summer , is based on a stock character type ; `` Yes , Summer is an immature view of a woman . She 's Tom 's view of a woman . He does n't see her complexity and the consequence for him is heartbreak . In Tom 's eyes , Summer is perfection , but perfection has no depth . Summer 's not a girl , she 's a phase . '' Gordon - Levitt explained that he was drawn to the role of Tom because of his relatability to the character . `` I 've had my heart broken before . Truly , truly broken . But when I look back at me in my heartbroken phase , it 's pretty hilarious , because it felt so much more extreme than it really was . One of the things I love about 500 Days of Summer is that it does n't make light of what we go through in romances , but it is honest about it and shows it for what it is , which is often profoundly funny '' . </P> <H3> Filming locations ( edit ) </H3> The Bradbury Building in Los Angeles was a filming location . <P> David Ng of the Los Angeles Times describes architecture as a star of the film . Tom is seen reading Alain de Botton 's The Architecture of Happiness . The film was originally set in San Francisco but was later moved to Los Angeles and the script rewritten to make better use of the location . Buildings used include the Los Angeles Music Center ( which includes the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion ) and the towers of California Plaza . The older Fine Arts Building is featured in the film , in a scene where Tom shows it to Summer and mentions its designers , Walker and Eisen , two of his favorite architects , although he incorrectly gives the partners ' names as `` Walker and Eisner . '' </P> <P> Christopher Hawthorne of the Los Angeles Times describes the film as having `` finely honed sense of taste '' to include the Bradbury Building where Tom goes for his job interview . </P> <H3> Marketing ( edit ) </H3> <P> To help promote the film , Gordon - Levitt and Deschanel starred in the debut episode of Microsoft Zune and Mean Magazine 's `` Cinemash '' series . In the episode , they `` mash '' the characters from the film Sid and Nancy with story elements from 500 Days of Summer . </P> <P> Marc Webb created a music video as a companion piece to the film , titled `` The Bank Heist '' . It features Deschanel and Gordon - Levitt dancing to `` Why Do You Let Me Stay Here ? '' , a song by Deschanel 's folk group She & Him . Webb remarked , `` when we did n't include Zooey in the dance sequence ( in 500 Days ) , she was a little heartbroken and I felt like I needed to remedy that . '' </P> <H2> Release ( edit ) </H2> Joseph Gordon - Levitt and Zooey Deschanel at the film 's premiere in March 2009 <P> The film made its debut at the 25th Sundance Film Festival . It proved a huge success and received a standing ovation from festival crowds upon screening . In Europe , 500 Days of Summer premiered in Switzerland as the opening film of the 62nd Locarno Film Festival . </P> <P> Filmed independently , it was picked up for distribution by Fox Searchlight Pictures and opened in the United States and Canada on July 17 , 2009 , later expanding to wide release on August 7 , 2009 . It was later also released on September 2 , 2009 , in Ireland and the United Kingdom , and opened in Australia on September 17 , 2009 . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Box Office ( edit ) </H3> <P> Upon the film 's initial limited release in the U.S , it was expected to become the `` breakout indie hit of the summer '' . Later , during its full opening weekend , the film grossed twenty - seven times its original budget cost , making it one of the most successful `` sleeper hits '' of the year . By September 8 , the film had taken in $1.9 million from 318 screens in the United Kingdom . This was regarded as a successful five - day opening by Fox Searchlight , earning around half as much as the science - fiction blockbuster District 9 , which took in $3.5 million . As of February 25 , 2010 the film had grossed $32,391,374 in the United States and Canada and $60,722,734 worldwide . </P> <P> </P> <H3> Critical response ( edit ) </H3> <P> 500 Days of Summer received positive reviews , with critics particularly praising the screenplay and Gordon - Levitt 's performance . On Rotten Tomatoes , the film is `` Certified Fresh '' with a rating of 85 % , based on 215 reviews with an average rating of 7.6 / 10 . The site 's critical consensus reads , `` A clever , offbeat romantic comedy , 500 Days of Summer is refreshingly honest and utterly charming . '' Later , at the website 's year - end `` Golden Tomato Awards '' , which honored the best reviewed films of 2009 , the film placed second in the romantic category . On Metacritic , the film received an average score of 76 / 100 based on 36 reviews , indicating `` generally favorable reviews '' . </P> <P> Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun - Times gave the film four stars out of four . He described the film as `` a delightful comedy , alive with invention '' . He particularly praised the strong performances of Gordon - Levitt and Deschanel and summarized his review by adding , `` Here is a rare movie that begins by telling us how it will end and is about how the hero has no idea why '' . Premiere also awarded the film four stars out of four , stating `` Much like the actual summer ( the season , not the character ) , we never wanted it to end '' . </P> <P> Michael Ordoña of the Los Angeles Times gave a positive review . He wrote , `` 500 Days of Summer is something seldom seen : an original romantic comedy . It bristles with energy , emotion and intellect , as it flits about the dizzying highs and weeping - karaoke lows of a passionate entanglement '' . Dana Stevens of Slate also praised the film and described it as `` a keeper . It 's fun both to watch and to talk about afterward , and it possesses the elusive rom - com sine qua non : two equally appealing leads who bounce wonderfully off each other '' . </P> <P> Lou Lumenick of the New York Post awarded the film three stars out of four . He praised the directing of Marc Webb , stating , `` it 's the oldest bittersweet story in the book , of course , but music - video director Marc Webb approaches his feature debut with great confidence , flair and a minimum of schmaltz . That 's the whole guy - centric point of 500 Days of Summer , though . Sometimes you never , ever truly figure out | The movie "500 Days of Summer" was filmed in | [
"Los Angeles"
] | 2,431 | Where was the movie 500 days of summer filmed? |
4747795168824294053 | Claire Holt - Wikipedia <H1> Claire Holt </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Claire Holt </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Holt in 2014 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Claire Rhiannon Holt ( 1988 - 06 - 11 ) 11 June 1988 ( age 29 ) Brisbane , Queensland , Australia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nationality </Th> <Td> Australian </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Education </Th> <Td> Stuartholme School </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Actress </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 2006 -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Known for </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> H O : Just Add Water </Li> <Li> The Vampire Diaries </Li> <Li> The Originals </Li> <Li> Aquarius </Li> <Li> 47 Meters Down </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spouse ( s ) </Th> <Td> Matthew Kaplan ( m . 2016 ; separated 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Partner ( s ) </Th> <Td> Andrew Joblon ( 2017 - present ) ( engaged ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Claire Rhiannon Holt ( born 11 June 1988 ) is an Australian actress , known for her roles as Rebekah Mikaelson in the television series The Vampire Diaries and its spinoff series The Originals , Samara Cook in Pretty Little Liars , Emma in H O : Just Add Water , and Kate in the survival horror film 47 Meters Down . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early life </Li> <Li> 2 Career </Li> <Li> 3 Personal life </Li> <Li> 4 Filmography </Li> <Li> 5 Awards and nominations </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Holt was born in Brisbane , Queensland , Australia . </P> <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 2006 , Holt won the role of Emma Gilbert in the Network Ten children 's television series H O : Just Add Water . The show has earned a Logie Award and Nickelodeon Australia Kids ' Choice Award . While the series was renewed for a third series , Holt left the show after series two after signing on for the sequel to the 2007 film The Messengers , titled Messengers 2 : The Scarecrow . Filming took place in Sofia throughout 2008 . Starring alongside Norman Reedus and Heather Stephens , the film was released 21 July 2009 straight - to - DVD . </P> <P> In addition to television and film roles , Holt has appeared in advertisements for Dreamworld , Sizzler , and Queensland Lifesaving . BuddyTV ranked her number 55 on its TV 's 100 Sexiest Women of 2011 list . </P> <P> In August 2011 , Holt was confirmed to be in the TV series The Vampire Diaries as Rebekah . On 13 January 2013 , The CW announced that Holt had joined the cast for the backdoor pilot of The Vampire Diaries spin - off The Originals , where she reprised her role as Rebekah Mikaelson . She exited the show as a series regular in the sixteenth episode of the first season , which aired in the U.S. on 11 March 2014 . Holt returned to her role in the season one finale on 13 May 2014 , and continues to periodically guest star on the series . </P> <P> In 2014 , Holt was linked to CBS ' Supergirl although she chose not pursue it . She starred in NBC `` event series '' Aquarius as Charmain Tully . In 2016 , she was cast in the romantic comedy film The Divorce Party , playing the role of Susan . </P> <P> In 2017 , Holt had a starring role , Kayla , in the ABC thriller drama television pilot Doomsday . Also that year , Holt starred as Kate in the underwater survival thriller film 47 Meters Down , opposite Mandy Moore and Matthew Modine , which was released in theaters on 16 June 2017 . </P> <H2> Personal Life ( edit ) </H2> <P> In July 2015 , Holt became engaged to longtime boyfriend , TV producer Matthew Kaplan . The two were married in April 2016 . On 27 April 2017 , Kaplan filed for divorce from Holt , citing `` irreconcilable differences '' . Holt subsequently filed in response on 2 May 2017 , also asking for her name to be changed from Kaplan back to Holt . On 3 December 2017 , Holt announced her engagement to real estate executive Andrew Joblon . </P> <H2> Filmography ( edit ) </H2> Holt at the Ian Somerhalder Foundation 's Influence Affair Red Carpet 2012 <Table> Film roles <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> Messengers 2 : The Scarecrow </Td> <Td> Rollins , Lindsay Lindsay Rollins </Td> <Td> Main role </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> Blue Like Jazz </Td> <Td> Penny </Td> <Td> Main role </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> 47 Meters Down </Td> <Td> Kate </Td> <Td> Main role </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> The Divorce Party </Td> <Td> Susan </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> Irreplaceable You </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> A Violent Separation </Td> <Td> Abbey </Td> <Td> Filming </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> Television roles <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 -- 2008 </Td> <Td> H O : Just Add Water </Td> <Td> Gilbert , Emma Emma Gilbert </Td> <Td> Main role ( seasons 1 -- 2 ) , 51 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> Mean Girls 2 </Td> <Td> Meyer , Chastity Chastity Meyer </Td> <Td> Television film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> Pretty Little Liars </Td> <Td> Cook , Samara Samara Cook </Td> <Td> Recurring role , 5 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 -- 2013 </Td> <Td> Vampire Diaries , The The Vampire Diaries </Td> <Td> Mikaelson , Rebekah Rebekah Mikaelson </Td> <Td> Recurring role , 38 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 -- present </Td> <Td> Originals , The The Originals </Td> <Td> Mikaelson , Rebekah Rebekah Mikaelson </Td> <Td> Main role ( season 1 ) ; recurring role ( season 2 -- 5 ) ; 34 episodes to date </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 -- 2016 </Td> <Td> Aquarius </Td> <Td> Tully , Charmain Charmain Tully </Td> <Td> Main role , 22 episodes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> Becoming </Td> <Td> Lisa </Td> <Td> Filming </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> Wolf in the Wild </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Filming </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> Music video roles <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Song </Th> <Th> Artist </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> `` We Are Done '' </Td> <Td> The Madden Brothers </Td> <Td> Cameo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> `` Small Town Boy '' </Td> <Td> Dustin Lynch </Td> <Td> Main Role </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Awards and nominations ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Award </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> Work </Th> <Th> Result </Th> <Th> Refs </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Teen Choice Awards </Td> <Td> Choice TV Actress : Sci - Fi / Fantasy </Td> <Td> The Originals </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Claire Holt Biography '' . TVGuide.com . Archived from the original on 26 July 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` TV 's 100 Sexiest Women of 2011 '' . BuddyTV. 2011 . Retrieved 13 January 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Naoreen , Nuzhat ( 9 August 2011 ) . `` ' Vampire Diaries ' Casts Stefan 's Ex : 5 Theories On Why She 's Coming To Town '' . MTV.com . Retrieved 7 November 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Swift , Andy ( 13 February 2013 ) . `` ' The Originals ' Scoop : Claire Holt Joins The ' Vampire Diaries ' Spin - Off '' . Hollywood Life . Retrieved 14 February 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Wieselman , Jarett ( 11 March 2014 ) . `` Claire Holt Exits The Originals '' . Buzzfeed . Retrieved 12 March 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Steinbeiser , Andrew ( 9 December 2014 ) . `` Claire Holt Not Expected To Play Supergirl '' . Comicbook.com . Retrieved 2 October 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` ' The Divorce Party ' Casting Call for Featured Roles '' . Project Casting. 4 November 2016 . Retrieved 2 October 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Andreeva , Nellie ( 2 March 2017 ) . `` Claire Holt To Topline ' Doomsday ' ABC Drama Pilot '' . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved 12 March 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ McNary , Dave ( 25 July 2016 ) . `` Mandy Moore 's Shark Tale ' 47 Meters Down ' Bought From Weinsteins '' . Variety . Retrieved 22 November 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Corinthios , Aurelie ( 14 July 2015 ) . `` Claire Holt Is Engaged ! Check out the Aquarius Actress 's Ring '' . People . Retrieved 30 April 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Former ' The Originals ' star Claire Holt gets married '' . AOL.com. 29 April 2016 . Retrieved 30 April 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Stone , Natalie ( 4 May 2017 ) . `` The Originals ' Actress Claire Holt 's Husband Files for Divorce One Day Before 1 - Year Anniversary '' . People . Retrieved 4 May 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Petit , Stephanie ( 3 December 2017 ) . `` The Originals Star Claire Holt Engaged to Andrew Joblon -- 7 Months After Split From Matthew Kaplan '' . People . Retrieved 3 December 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Mean Girls 2 '' . TV Guide . Retrieved 2 October 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` FIRST WAVE OF `` TEEN CHOICE 2014 '' NOMINEES ANNOUNCED `` . Teen Choice Awards . 18 June 2014 . Archived from the original on 1 July 2014 . Retrieved 18 June 2014 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Claire Holt . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikiquote has quotations related to : Claire Holt </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Claire Holt on Twitter </Li> <Li> Claire Holt on IMDb </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> VIAF : 100931370 </Li> <Li> LCCN : no2012109537 </Li> <Li> ISNI : 0000 0001 2031 5956 </Li> <Li> BNF : cb165208323 ( data ) </Li> <Li> SNAC : w6fv29m1 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Claire_Holt&oldid=821287389 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1988 births </Li> <Li> 21st - century Australian actresses </Li> <Li> Actresses from Brisbane </Li> <Li> Australian child actresses </Li> <Li> Australian expatriate actresses in the United States </Li> <Li> Australian film actresses </Li> <Li> Australian television actresses </Li> <Li> Living people </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Use Australian English from December 2011 </Li> <Li> All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English </Li> <Li> Use dmy dates from October 2017 </Li> <Li> Articles with hCards </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles with SNAC - ID identifiers </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> | The role of Emma in the TV series "H2O: Just Add Water" was played by | [
"Claire Rhiannon Holt"
] | 169 | Who played emma in h2o just add water? |
-1368633715963532113 | Carbon cycle - wikipedia <H1> Carbon cycle </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the thermonuclear reaction involving carbon that powers some stars , see CNO cycle . For organic chemical ring - shaped structures , see Cyclic compounds . <P> </P> Movement of carbon between land , atmosphere , and ocean in billions of tons per year . Yellow numbers are natural fluxes , red are human contributions , white are stored carbon . The effects of volcanic and tectonic activity are not included . <P> The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere , pedosphere , geosphere , hydrosphere , and atmosphere of the Earth . Carbon is the main component of biological compounds as well as a major component of many minerals such as limestone . Along with the nitrogen cycle and the water cycle , the carbon cycle comprises a sequence of events that are key to make Earth capable of sustaining life . It describes the movement of carbon as it is recycled and reused throughout the biosphere , as well as long - term processes of carbon sequestration to and release from carbon sinks . </P> <P> The carbon cycle was initially discovered by Joseph Priestley and Antoine Lavoisier , and popularized by Humphry Davy . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Main components <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Atmosphere </Li> <Li> 1.2 Terrestrial biosphere </Li> <Li> 1.3 Ocean </Li> <Li> 1.4 Earth 's interior </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Human influence </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 Further reading </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Main components ( edit ) </H2> <Table> Carbon pools in the major reservoirs on earth . <Tr> <Th> ( show ) Pool </Th> <Th> Quantity ( gigatons ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Atmosphere </Td> <Td> 720 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ocean ( total ) </Td> <Td> 38,400 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Total inorganic </Td> <Td> 37,400 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Total organic </Td> <Td> 1,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Surface layer </Td> <Td> 670 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Deep layer </Td> <Td> 36,730 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lithosphere </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sedimentary carbonates </Td> <Td> > 60,000,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kerogens </Td> <Td> 15,000,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Terrestrial biosphere ( total ) </Td> <Td> 2,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Living biomass </Td> <Td> 600 - 1,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dead biomass </Td> <Td> 1,200 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Aquatic biosphere </Td> <Td> 1 - 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fossil fuels ( total ) </Td> <Td> 4,130 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Coal </Td> <Td> 3,510 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Oil </Td> <Td> 230 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Gas </Td> <Td> 140 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Other ( peat ) </Td> <Td> 250 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The global carbon cycle is now usually divided into the following major reservoirs of carbon interconnected by pathways of exchange : </P> <Ul> <Li> The atmosphere </Li> <Li> The terrestrial biosphere </Li> <Li> The ocean , including dissolved inorganic carbon and living and non-living marine biota </Li> <Li> The sediments , including fossil fuels , fresh water systems and non-living organic material . </Li> <Li> The Earth 's interior ( mantle and crust . These carbon stores interact with the other components through geological processes . </Li> </Ul> <P> The carbon exchanges between reservoirs occur as the result of various chemical , physical , geological , and biological processes . The ocean contains the largest active pool of carbon near the surface of the Earth . The natural flows of carbon between the atmosphere , ocean , terrestrial ecosystems , and sediments is fairly balanced , so that carbon levels would be roughly stable without human influence . </P> <H3> Atmosphere ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Atmospheric carbon cycle Epiphytes on electric wires . This kind of plant takes both CO and water from the atmosphere for living and growing . <P> Carbon in the Earth 's atmosphere exists in two main forms : carbon dioxide and methane . Both of these gases absorb and retain heat in the atmosphere and are partially responsible for the greenhouse effect . Methane produces a larger greenhouse effect per volume as compared to carbon dioxide , but it exists in much lower concentrations and is more short - lived than carbon dioxide , making carbon dioxide the more important greenhouse gas of the two . </P> <P> Carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere primarily through photosynthesis and enters the terrestrial and oceanic biospheres . Carbon dioxide also dissolves directly from the atmosphere into bodies of water ( ocean , lakes , etc . ) , as well as dissolving in precipitation as raindrops fall through the atmosphere . When dissolved in water , carbon dioxide reacts with water molecules and forms carbonic acid , which contributes to ocean acidity . It can then be absorbed by rocks through weathering . It also can acidify other surfaces it touches or be washed into the ocean . </P> <P> Human activities over the past two centuries have significantly increased the amount of carbon in the atmosphere , mainly in the form of carbon dioxide , both by modifying ecosystems ' ability to extract carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and by emitting it directly , e.g. , by burning fossil fuels and manufacturing concrete . </P> <H3> Terrestrial biosphere ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Terrestrial biological carbon cycle A portable soil respiration system measuring soil CO flux <P> The terrestrial biosphere includes the organic carbon in all land - living organisms , both alive and dead , as well as carbon stored in soils . About 500 gigatons of carbon are stored above ground in plants and other living organisms , while soil holds approximately 1,500 gigatons of carbon . Most carbon in the terrestrial biosphere is organic carbon , while about a third of soil carbon is stored in inorganic forms , such as calcium carbonate . Organic carbon is a major component of all organisms living on earth . Autotrophs extract it from the air in the form of carbon dioxide , converting it into organic carbon , while heterotrophs receive carbon by consuming other organisms . </P> <P> Because carbon uptake in the terrestrial biosphere is dependent on biotic factors , it follows a diurnal and seasonal cycle . In CO measurements , this feature is apparent in the Keeling curve . It is strongest in the northern hemisphere , because this hemisphere has more land mass than the southern hemisphere and thus more room for ecosystems to absorb and emit carbon . </P> <P> Carbon leaves the terrestrial biosphere in several ways and on different time scales . The combustion or respiration of organic carbon releases it rapidly into the atmosphere . It can also be exported into the ocean through rivers or remain sequestered in soils in the form of inert carbon . Carbon stored in soil can remain there for up to thousands of years before being washed into rivers by erosion or released into the atmosphere through soil respiration . Between 1989 and 2008 soil respiration increased by about 0.1 % per year . In 2008 , the global total of CO released by soil respiration was roughly 98 billion tonnes , about 10 times more carbon than humans are now putting into the atmosphere each year by burning fossil fuel ( this does not represent a net transfer of carbon from soil to atmosphere , as the respiration is largely offset by inputs to soil carbon ) . There are a few plausible explanations for this trend , but the most likely explanation is that increasing temperatures have increased rates of decomposition of soil organic matter , which has increased the flow of CO . The length of carbon sequestering in soil is dependent on local climatic conditions and thus changes in the course of climate change . </P> <H3> Ocean ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Oceanic carbon cycle <P> The ocean contains the greatest quantity of actively cycled carbon in this world and is second only to the lithosphere in the amount of carbon stored . Its surface layer holds large amounts of dissolved inorganic carbon that is exchanged rapidly with the atmosphere . The deep layer 's concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon ( DIC ) is about 15 % higher than that of the surface layer . DIC is stored in the deep layer for much longer periods of time . Thermohaline circulation exchanges carbon between these two layers . </P> <P> Carbon enters the ocean mainly through the dissolution of atmospheric carbon dioxide , which is converted into carbonate . It can also enter the ocean through rivers as dissolved organic carbon . It is converted by organisms into organic carbon through photosynthesis and can either be exchanged throughout the food chain or precipitated into the ocean 's deeper , more carbon rich layers as dead soft tissue or in shells as calcium carbonate . It circulates in this layer for long periods of time before either being deposited as sediment or , eventually , returned to the surface waters through thermohaline circulation . </P> <P> Oceanic absorption of CO is one of the most important forms of carbon sequestering limiting the human - caused rise of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere . However , this process is limited by a number of factors . Because the rate of CO dissolution in the ocean is dependent on the weathering of rocks and this process takes place slower than current rates of human greenhouse gas emissions , ocean CO uptake will decrease in the future . CO absorption also makes water more acidic , which affects ocean biosystems . The projected rate of increasing oceanic acidity could slow the biological precipitation of calcium carbonates , thus decreasing the ocean 's capacity to absorb carbon dioxide . </P> <H3> Earth 's interior ( edit ) </H3> <P> The geologic component of the carbon cycle operates slowly in comparison to the other parts of the global carbon cycle . It is one of the most important determinants of the amount of carbon in the atmosphere , and thus of global temperatures . </P> <P> Most of the earth 's carbon is stored inertly in the earth 's lithosphere . Much of the carbon stored in the earth 's mantle was stored there when the earth formed . Some of it was deposited in the form of organic carbon from the biosphere . Of the carbon stored in the geosphere , about 80 % is limestone and its derivatives , which form from the sedimentation of calcium carbonate stored in the shells of marine organisms . The remaining 20 % is stored as kerogens formed through the sedimentation and burial of terrestrial organisms under high heat and pressure . Organic carbon stored in the geosphere can remain there for millions of years . </P> <P> Carbon can leave the geosphere in several ways . Carbon dioxide is released during the metamorphosis of carbonate rocks when they are subducted into the earth 's mantle . This carbon dioxide can be released into the atmosphere and ocean through volcanoes and hotspots . It can also be removed by humans through the direct extraction of kerogens in the form of fossil fuels . After extraction , fossil fuels are burned to release energy , thus emitting the carbon they store into the atmosphere . </P> <H2> Human influence ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Global warming Human activity since the industrial era has changed the balance in the natural carbon cycle . Units are in gigatons . CO in Earth 's atmosphere if half of global - warming emissions are not absorbed . ( NASA computer simulation ) . <P> Since the industrial revolution , human activity has modified the carbon cycle by changing its components ' functions and directly adding carbon to the atmosphere . </P> <P> The largest human impact on the carbon cycle is through direct emissions from burning fossil fuels , which transfers carbon from the | Carbon can be found in the biosphere | [
"in all land-living organisms, both alive and dead, as well as carbon stored in soils"
] | 946 | Where can carbon be found in the biosphere? |
-1173252802989599019 | Bigg Boss Kannada 5 - Wikipedia <H1> Bigg Boss Kannada 5 </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Bigg Boss Kannada </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> ◄ Series 5 ( 2017 / 2018 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="4"> ( show ) Housemates </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Name </Td> <Td> Entered </Td> <Td> Exited </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chandan </Td> <Td> Day 1 </Td> <Td> Day 106 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Divakar </Td> <Td> Day 1 Day 83 </Td> <Td> Day 77 Day 106 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Karthik </Td> <Td> Day 1 </Td> <Td> Day 106 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Niveditha </Td> <Td> Day 1 </Td> <Td> Day 105 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Shruthi </Td> <Td> Day 1 </Td> <Td> Day 105 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sameer </Td> <Td> Day 1 Day 77 </Td> <Td> Day 71 Day 99 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Anupama </Td> <Td> Day 1 </Td> <Td> Day 98 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Riaz </Td> <Td> Day 1 </Td> <Td> Day 91 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Krishi </Td> <Td> Day 1 Day 42 </Td> <Td> Day 35 Day 84 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sreenivasan </Td> <Td> Day 1 </Td> <Td> Day 77 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lasya </Td> <Td> Day 58 </Td> <Td> Day 70 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Samyuktha </Td> <Td> Day 58 </Td> <Td> Day 66 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jagan </Td> <Td> Day 1 </Td> <Td> Day 63 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ashitha </Td> <Td> Day 1 </Td> <Td> Day 56 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Vaishnavi </Td> <Td> Day 50 </Td> <Td> Day 54 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chandru </Td> <Td> Day 1 </Td> <Td> Day 49 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tejaswini </Td> <Td> Day 1 Day 26 </Td> <Td> Day 25 Day 28 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dayal </Td> <Td> Day 1 </Td> <Td> Day 21 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Megha </Td> <Td> Day 1 </Td> <Td> Day 14 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Suma </Td> <Td> Day 1 </Td> <Td> Day 7 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Winner </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Runner </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Evicted </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Walked </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Ejected </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Second Runner up </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Bigg Boss Kannada 5 ( BBK5 ) was the fifth season of the Kannada television series Bigg Boss Kannada , that premiered on 15 October 2017 . Sudeep reprised his role as the host of the show . The finale of the season took place 28 January 2018 , and rapper Chandan Shetty was declared the winner of the show and was awarded the prize money of ₹ 50 lakh . Sales representative Diwaker was voted the runner - up . </P> <P> Sudeep had signed a ₹ 20 crore ( US $3.1 million ) deal with the channel Colors Kannada to host the next five seasons starting from the previous season . During the grand finale of Bigg Boss Kannada 4 , it was announced that the next season will start with new contestants and a renovated Bigg Boss house built for the previous season in the Innovative Film City at Bidadi , Bangalore . This will be the first season to allow non-celebrities to the Bigg Boss house with online auditions taking place from July 2017 . </P> <P> The application process of the auditions for non-celebrities was exclusively carried by mobile app called Voot. . Nagendra Bhat was the reality writer for this season . </P> <P> The show was extended by one week ( 106 days ) instead of 98 days . Among the five finalists Niveditha and Divakar are auditioned contestants , where as Chandan , Karthik and Shruti are celebrities . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Housemates <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Wild - Card Entries </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Episodes </Li> <Li> 3 Voting History <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Notes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Vote Count </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Housemates ( edit ) </H2> <P> Along with the usual celebrity contestants , the housemates of this season includes contestants selected through online audition process . The total of 17 housemates are contain 11 celebrities and 6 commoners . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Housemates </Th> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Th> Status </Th> <Th> Ref . </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chandan Shetty </Td> <Td> Rapper </Td> <Td> Winner </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Divakar </Td> <Td> Sales representative </Td> <Td> Runner - up </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Karthik Jayaram </Td> <Td> Television and film actor </Td> <Td> Second runner - up </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Niveditha Gowda </Td> <Td> Student </Td> <Td> Evicted on day 105 , 4th place </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Shruti Prakash </Td> <Td> Singer and television actress </Td> <Td> Evicted on day 105 , 5th place </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sameer Acharya </Td> <Td> Priest </Td> <Td> Evicted on day 99 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Anupama Gowda </Td> <Td> Television actress </Td> <Td> Evicted on day 98 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Riyaz Basha </Td> <Td> Radio jockey </Td> <Td> Evicted on day 91 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Krishi Thapanda </Td> <Td> Model and actress </Td> <Td> Evicted on day 35 , re-entered on day 42 , re-evicted on day 84 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jaya Sreenivasan </Td> <Td> Numerologist </Td> <Td> Evicted on day 77 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jagannath Chandrashekhar </Td> <Td> Television actor </Td> <Td> Evicted on day 63 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ashitha Chandrappa </Td> <Td> Television actress </Td> <Td> Evicted on day 56 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sihi Kahi Chandru </Td> <Td> Actor and television presenter </Td> <Td> Evicted on day 49 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tejaswi Prakash </Td> <Td> Film and television actress </Td> <Td> Walked on day 25 , re-entered on day 26 ; evicted on day 28 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dayal Padmanabhan </Td> <Td> Film director , producer and actor </Td> <Td> Evicted on day 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Megha </Td> <Td> Student </Td> <Td> Evicted on day 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Suma Rajkumar </Td> <Td> Homemaker and ventriloquist </Td> <Td> Evicted on day 7 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Wild - card entries ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Housemate </Th> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Th> Contestant type </Th> <Th> Status </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Vaishnavi </Td> <Td> Film actress </Td> <Td> Wild card Contestant </Td> <Td> Entered on day 50 ; walked on day 54 due to health problem </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Akul Balaji </Td> <Td> Television presenter and actor </Td> <Td> Long - term guest </Td> <Td> Entered on day 51 and exit on day 54 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lasya </Td> <Td> Actress </Td> <Td> Wild card contestant </Td> <Td> Entered on day 58 ; evicted on day 70 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Samyuktha Hegde </Td> <Td> Actress </Td> <Td> Long - term Guest </Td> <Td> Entered on day 58 ; ejected on day 66 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Four contestants entered the house through wild cards . Presenter Akul Balaji was the second entrant who promoted his new dance reality television reality show Master Dancer . Actresses Lasya and Samyuktha Hegde were the final two entrants . Hegde was evicted from the house a few days later after she assaulted Sameer Acharya for allegedly touching her inappropriately . However , later she admitted in the confession room that Acharya was not at fault and that she reacted at the `` heat of the moment '' . </P> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> <P> The episodes were broadcast on Colors Super between 8 : 00 and 9 : 30 p.m. ( IST ) daily . The episodes and highlights were also released on the website and app Voot after the telecast . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> Monday </Th> <Th> Tuesday </Th> <Th> Wednesday </Th> <Th> Thursday </Th> <Th> Friday </Th> <Th> Saturday </Th> <Th> Sunday </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Event </Th> <Td> Captaincy Task Nominations </Td> <Td colspan="4"> Weekly Task </Td> <Td> Varada Kathe Kicchana Jothe & Eviction </Td> <Td> Super Sunday with Sudeepa & Kicchan time </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Voting history ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> Week 1 </Th> <Th> Week 2 </Th> <Th> Week 3 </Th> <Th> Week 4 </Th> <Th> Week 5 </Th> <Th> Week 6 </Th> <Th> Week 7 </Th> <Th> Week 8 </Th> <Th> Week 9 </Th> <Th> Week 10 </Th> <Th> Week 11 </Th> <Th> Week 12 </Th> <Th> Week 13 </Th> <Th> Week 14 </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Week 15 Final </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> House Captain </Th> <Td> Anupama </Td> <Td> Shruthi </Td> <Td> Sameer </Td> <Td> Riaz </Td> <Td> Chandan </Td> <Td> Nivedita </Td> <Td> Karthik </Td> <Td> Jagan </Td> <Td> Krishi </Td> <Td> None </Td> <Td> Riaz </Td> <Td> Sameer </Td> <Td> Anupama </Td> <Td colspan="3"> None </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Captain 's Nomination </Th> <Td> Niveditha </Td> <Td> Karthik </Td> <Td> Anupama </Td> <Td> Karthik </Td> <Td> Riaz </Td> <Td> Chandru </Td> <Td> Diwakar </Td> <Td> None </Td> <Td> Sameer </Td> <Td> Diwakar </Td> <Td> Anupama </Td> <Td> Chandan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="17"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Vote to : </Th> <Td> Evict </Td> <Td> Save </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Evict </Td> <Td> Save </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Evict </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td> Evict </Td> <Td> - </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Evict </Td> <Td colspan="3"> - </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="17"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chandan </Th> <Td> Karthik , Riaz </Td> <Td> Krishi , Karthik </Td> <Td> Niveditha , Dayal </Td> <Td> Anupama , Chandru </Td> <Td> House Captain </Td> <Td> Shruthi , Riaz </Td> <Td> Diwakar , Niveditha </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> Chandan </Td> <Td> Samyuktha , Krishi </Td> <Td> Sreenivasan , Karthik </Td> <Td> Karthik , Shruthi </Td> <Td> Shruthi , Riaz </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Winner ( Day 106 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Diwakar </Th> <Td> Sreenivasan , Karthik </Td> <Td> Krishi , Jagan </Td> <Td> Niveditha , Chandru </Td> <Td> Tejaswini , Jagan </Td> <Td> Jagan , Krishi </Td> <Td> Shruthi , Anupama </Td> <Td> Chandan , Ashitha </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> Diwakar </Td> <Td> Anupama , Niveditha </Td> <Td> Niveditha , Krishi </Td> <Td> Secret Room </Td> <Td> Niveditha , Riaz </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Runner - Up ( Day 106 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Karthik </Th> <Td> Diwakar , Krishi </Td> <Td> Sameer , Diwakar </Td> <Td> Riaz , Sreenivasan </Td> <Td> Niveditha , Sreenivasan </Td> <Td> Riaz , Diwakar </Td> <Td> Riaz , Sreenivasan </Td> <Td> House Captain </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> Jagan </Td> <Td> Samyuktha , Niveditha </Td> <Td> Sameer , Niveditha </Td> <Td> Riaz , Chandan </Td> <Td> Diwakar , Sameer </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Third place ( Day 106 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Niveditha </Th> <Td> Diwakar , Jagan </Td> <Td> Sameer , Diwakar </Td> <Td> Dayal , Sreenivasan </Td> <Td> Jagan , Anupama </Td> <Td> Anupama , Ashitha </Td> <Td> House Captain </Td> <Td> Chandan , Sreenivasan </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> Chandan </Td> <Td> Sameer , Sreenivasan </Td> <Td> Sreenivasan , Krishi </Td> <Td> Shruthi , Krishi </Td> <Td> Karthik , Riaz </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Fourth place ( Day 105 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Shruthi </Th> <Td> Sameer , Niveditha </Td> <Td> House Captain </Td> <Td> Niveditha , Riaz </Td> <Td> Niveditha , Sameer </Td> <Td> Niveditha , Riaz </Td> <Td> Chandan , Anupama </Td> <Td> Chandru , Jagan </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> Shruthi </Td> <Td> Sameer , Diwakar </Td> <Td> Sameer , Niveditha </Td> <Td> Niveditha , Riaz </Td> <Td> Sameer , Niveditha </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Fifth place ( Day 105 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sameer </Th> <Td> Jagan , Suma </Td> <Td> Karthik , Ashita </Td> <Td> House Captain </Td> <Td> Chandru , Tejaswini </Td> <Td> Chandru , Jagan </Td> <Td> Sreenivasan , Shruthi </Td> <Td> Riaz , Anupama </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> <Td> Diwakar </Td> <Td> Samyuktha , Anupama </Td> <Td> Krishi Shruthi </Td> <Td> House Captain </Td> | The winner of Bigg Boss Kannada season is | [
"Chandan Shetty"
] | 466 | Who is the winner of bigg boss kannada season? |
-8950878510839541193 | Kansas Brigade , led by Captain Terrill . </P> <P> After grieving and burying his wife and son , Wales joins a group of pro-Confederate Missouri Bushwhackers led by William T. Anderson and fights in the Civil War . At the conclusion of the war , Captain Fletcher persuades the guerrillas to surrender , saying they have been granted amnesty . Wales refuses to surrender . As a result , he and one young man are the only survivors when Captain Terrill 's Redlegs massacre the surrendering men . Wales intervenes and guns down several Redlegs with a Gatling gun . </P> <P> Senator Lane forces Fletcher to work with Terrill in tracking down Wales and puts a $5,000 bounty on Wales , who is now on the run from Union militia and bounty hunters . Along the way , despite wishing to be left alone , he accumulates a diverse group of companions . They include an old Cherokee named Lone Watie , a young Navajo woman , and an elderly woman from Kansas and her granddaughter Laura Lee , whom Wales rescues from Comancheros . At Santo Rio , two men , Travis and Chato , join their group . </P> <P> Wales and his companions find the abandoned ranch owned by Laura 's father and inhabit it after Wales parleys and makes peace with the neighboring Comanche tribe leader , Ten Bears . Meanwhile , a bounty hunter who identified Wales at Santo Rio , guides Captain Terrill and his men to the town . The following morning , the ranch is attacked by the Redlegs . Wales ' companions take shelter in the fortified ranch house and open fire , gunning down all of Terrill 's men . A wounded Wales , despite being out of ammunition , pursues the fleeing Terrill . When he corners him , Wales dry fires his four pistols through all the empty chambers before stabbing and killing Terrill with his own cavalry sword . </P> <P> At the bar in Santa Rio , Wales finds Fletcher with two Texas Rangers . The locals at the bar , who refer to Wales as `` Mr. Wilson , '' tell the Rangers that Wales was killed in a shoot - out in Monterrey , Mexico . The Rangers accept this story and move on . Fletcher refuses to believe the story , but pretends to not recognize Wales and says that he will go to Mexico to look for Wales himself , and try to convince him that the war is over , because he owes him that . Wales says that they all died a little in the war , before riding off . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Clint Eastwood as Josey Wales </Li> <Li> Chief Dan George as Lone Watie </Li> <Li> Sondra Locke as Laura Lee </Li> <Li> Bill McKinney as Terrill </Li> <Li> John Vernon as Fletcher </Li> <Li> Paula Trueman as Grandma Sarah </Li> <Li> Sam Bottoms as Jamie </Li> <Li> Charles Tyner as Zukie Limmer </Li> <Li> Geraldine Keams as Little Moonlight </Li> <Li> Woodrow Parfrey as Carpetbagger </Li> <Li> Joyce Jameson as Rose </Li> <Li> Sheb Wooley as Travis Cobb </Li> <Li> Royal Dano as Ten Spot </Li> <Li> Matt Clark as Kelly </Li> <Li> Will Sampson as Ten Bears </Li> <Li> John Quade as Comanchero Leader </Li> <Li> John Russell as `` Bloody Bill '' Anderson </Li> <Li> William O'Connell as Sim Carstairs </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> Pahreah site in Utah , filming location of the film . <P> The Outlaw Josey Wales was inspired by a 1972 novel by Forrest Carter , and was originally titled The Rebel Outlaw : Josey Wales and later retitled Gone to Texas . The script was worked on by Sonia Chernus and producer Bob Daley at Malpaso , and Eastwood himself paid some of the money to obtain the screen rights . Michael Cimino and Philip Kaufman later oversaw the writing of the script , aiding Chernus . Kaufman wanted the film to stay as close to the novel as possible in style and retained many of the mannerisms in Wales 's character which Eastwood would display on screen , such as his distinctive lingo with words like `` reckon '' , `` hoss '' ( instead of `` horse '' ) , and `` ye '' ( instead of `` you '' ) and spitting tobacco juice on animals and victims . The characters of Wales , the Cherokee chief , Navajo woman , and the old settler woman and her daughter all appeared in the novel . Contrariwise , Kaufman was less happy with the novel 's political stance ; he felt that it had been `` written by a crude fascist '' and that `` the man 's hatred of government was insane '' . He also felt that that element of the script needed to be severely toned down , but , he later said , `` Clint did n't , and it was his film '' . Kaufman was later fired by Eastwood , who took over the film 's direction himself . </P> <P> Cinematographer Bruce Surtees , James Fargo , and Fritz Manes scouted for locations and eventually found sites in Utah , Arizona , Wyoming , and Oroville , California even before they saw the final script . Kaufman cast Chief Dan George , who had been nominated for an Academy Award for Supporting Actor in Little Big Man , as the old Cherokee Lone Watie . Sondra Locke , also a previous Academy Award nominee , was cast by Eastwood against Kaufman 's wishes as the granddaughter of the old settler woman , Laura Lee . This marked the beginning of a close relationship between Eastwood and Locke that would last six films and the beginning of a romance that would last into the late 1980s . Ferris Webster was hired as the film 's editor and Jerry Fielding as composer . </P> <P> Principal photography began on October 6 , 1975 in Lake Powell . A rift between Eastwood and Kaufman developed during the filming . Kaufman insisted on filming with a meticulous attention to detail , which caused disagreements with Eastwood , not to mention the attraction the two shared towards Locke and apparent jealousy on Kaufman 's part in regards to their emerging relationship . One evening , Kaufman insisted on finding a beer can as a prop to be used in a scene , but while he was absent , Eastwood ordered Surtees to quickly shoot the scene as light was fading and then drove away , leaving before Kaufman had returned . Soon after , filming moved to Kanab , Utah . On October 24 , 1975 , Kaufman was fired at Eastwood 's command by producer Bob Daley . The sacking caused an outrage amongst the Directors Guild of America and other important Hollywood executives , since the director had already worked hard on the film , including completing all of the pre-production . Pressure mounted on Warner Bros. and Eastwood to back down , but their refusal to do so resulted in a fine , reported to be around $60,000 for the violation . This resulted in the Director 's Guild passing new legislation , known as ' the Eastwood Rule ' , which prohibits an actor or producer from firing the director and then becoming the director himself . From then on , the film was directed by Eastwood himself with Daley second - in - command , but with Kaufman 's planning already in place , the team were able to finish making the film efficiently . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> `` Eastwood is such a taciturn and action - oriented performer that it 's easy to overlook the fact that he directs many of his movies -- and many of the best , most intelligent ones . Here , with the moody , gloomily beautiful , photography of Bruce Surtees , he creates a magnificent Western feeling '' <P> Roger Ebert , Chicago Sun - Times , January 1 , 1976 </P> <P> Upon release in August 1976 , The Outlaw Josey Wales was widely acclaimed by critics , many of whom saw Eastwood 's role as an iconic one , relating it with much of America 's ancestral past and the destiny of the nation after the American Civil War . The film was pre-screened at the Sun Valley Center for the Arts and Humanities in Idaho in a six - day conference entitled Western Movies : Myths and Images . Academics such as Bruce Jackson , critics such as Jay Cocks and Arthur Knight and directors such as King Vidor , Henry King , William Wyler and Howard Hawks were invited to the screening . The film would later appear in Time magazine 's Top 10 films of the year . Roger Ebert compared the nature and vulnerability of Eastwood 's portrayal of Josey Wales with his `` Man with No Name '' character in the Dollars Trilogy and praised the atmosphere of the film . On The Merv Griffin Show , Orson Welles lauded the film , calling Eastwood `` one of America 's finest directors . '' </P> <P> Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes retrospectively gave the film a 95 % rating based on reviews from 38 critics . </P> <H3> Awards ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Outlaw Josey Wales was nominated for the Academy Award for Original Music Score . In 1996 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry . It was also one of the few Western films to receive critical and commercial success in the 1970s at a time when the Western was thought to be dying as a major genre in Hollywood . </P> <P> Clint Eastwood says on the 1999 DVD release that the movie is `` certainly one of the high points of my career ... in the Western genre of filmmaking . '' </P> <H2> Meaning ( edit ) </H2> <P> Eastwood has called The Outlaw Josey Wales an anti-war film . In an interview with The Wall Street Journal , he said : </P> <P> As for Josey Wales , I saw the parallels to the modern day at that time . Everybody gets tired of it , but it never ends . A war is a horrible thing , but it 's also a unifier of countries ... Man becomes his most creative during war . Look at the amount of weaponry that was made in four short years of World War II -- the amount of ships and guns and tanks and inventions and planes and P - 38s and P - 51s , and just the urgency and the camaraderie , and the unifying . But that 's kind of a sad statement on mankind , if that 's what it takes . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Munn , p. 156 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Outlaw Josey Wales '' . Box Office Mojo . Retrieved January 23 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Variety film review ; June 30 , 1976 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Barra , Allen. `` The Education of Little Fraud '' , Salon.com , December 20 , 2001 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Return of Josey Wales '' . The New York Times . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : McGilligan ( 1999 ) , p. 257 </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : McGilligan ( 1999 ) , p. 258 </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : McGilligan ( 1999 ) , p. 261 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Clint Eastwood gets top role in outlaw film '' . Greeley Daily Tribune . Greeley , Colorado . July 7 , 1975 . p. 24 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ McGilligan ( 1999 ) , p. 262 </Li> <Li> Jump | The 1976 Western film "The Outlaw Josey Wales" starring Clint Eastwood was filmed at | [
"Lake Powell"
] | 1,603 | Where was the outlaw of josey wales filmed? |
445108246725869963 | highest - grossing live - action musical film , and making it the highest - grossing film of 2017 and the 10th - highest - grossing film of all time . The film received four nominations at the 23rd Critics ' Choice Awards and two nominations at the 71st British Academy Film Awards . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Cast notes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Development </Li> <Li> 3.2 Casting </Li> <Li> 3.3 Filming </Li> <Li> 3.4 Music </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Release <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Marketing </Li> <Li> 4.2 Home media </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Reception <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Box office <Ul> <Li> 5.1. 1 North America </Li> <Li> 5.1. 2 Outside North America </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5.2 Critical response </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Accolades </Li> <Li> 7 Controversies <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Gay character </Li> <Li> 7.2 Belle and the Beast 's relationship </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Notes </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> In Rococo - era France , an enchantress disguised as an old beggar woman arrives at a castle during a ball and offers the host , a coldhearted prince , a rose for shelter . When he refuses , she transforms him into a beast and his servants into household objects , and erases the castle , the prince and his servants from the memories of their loved ones . She casts a spell on the rose and warns the prince that the curse will never lift unless he learns to love another , and earn their love in return , before the last petal falls . </P> <P> Some years later , in the small town of Villeneuve , Belle dreams of adventure and brushes off advances from Gaston , an arrogant former soldier . Lost in the forest , Belle 's father Maurice seeks refuge in the Beast 's castle , but the Beast imprisons him for stealing a rose from his garden as a birthday gift to Belle . Belle ventures out in search for him , and finds him locked in the castle dungeon . The Beast agrees to let her take Maurice 's place . </P> <P> Belle befriends the castle 's servants , who invite her to a spectacular dinner . When she wanders into the forbidden west wing and finds the rose , the Beast , enraged , scares her into the woods . She is ambushed by a pack of wolves , but the Beast rescues her , and is injured in the process . As Belle nurses his wounds , a friendship develops between them . The Beast shows Belle a gift from the enchantress , a book that transports readers wherever they want . Belle uses it to visit her childhood home in Paris , where she discovers a plague doctor mask and realizes that she and her father were forced to leave her mother 's deathbed when her mother succumbed to the plague . </P> <P> In Villeneuve , Gaston sees rescuing Belle as an opportunity to win her hand in marriage , and agrees to help Maurice . When Maurice learns of his ulterior motive and rejects him , Gaston abandons him to the wolves . Maurice is rescued by the hermit Agathe , but when he tells the townsfolk of Gaston 's crime but is unable to provide solid evidence , Gaston convinces them to send Maurice to an insane asylum . </P> <P> After sharing a romantic dance with the Beast , Belle discovers her father 's predicament using a magic mirror . The Beast releases her to save Maurice , giving her the mirror to remember him with . At Villeneuve , Belle proves Maurice 's sanity by revealing the Beast in the mirror to the townsfolk . Realizing that Belle loves the Beast , Gaston claims she has been charmed by dark magic , and has her thrown into the asylum carriage with her father . He rallies the villagers to follow him to the castle to slay the Beast before he curses the whole village . Maurice and Belle escape , and Belle rushes back to the castle . </P> <P> During the battle , Gaston abandons his companion LeFou , who then sides with the servants to fend off the villagers . Gaston attacks the Beast in his tower , who is too depressed to fight back , but regains his spirit upon seeing Belle return . He overpowers Gaston , but spares his life before reuniting with Belle . However , Gaston fatally shoots the Beast from a bridge , but it collapses when the castle crumbles , and he falls to his death . The Beast dies as the last petal falls , and the servants become inanimate . When Belle tearfully professes her love to him , Agathe reveals herself as the enchantress and undoes the curse , repairing the crumbling castle , and restoring the Beast 's and servants ' human forms and the villagers ' memories . The Prince and Belle host a ball for the kingdom , where they dance happily . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Emma Watson as Belle , a young benevolent bibliophile woman who develops feelings for the Beast and begins to see the humanity within him . <Ul> <Li> Daisy Duczmal portrays an infant Belle . </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Dan Stevens as Beast , a cold - hearted prince who is transformed into a beast and forced to earn back his humanity by learning to truly love and be loved in return . <Ul> <Li> Adam Mitchell portrays the younger version of the prince . </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Luke Evans as Gaston , a narcissistic and arrogant hunter and veteran of the French Royal Army who is willing to go as far as it takes to have Belle as his trophy wife . </Li> <Li> Kevin Kline as Maurice , Belle 's protective widowed father . <Ul> <Li> Jolyon Coy portrays the young Maurice . </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Josh Gad as LeFou , Gaston 's flamboyant and long - suffering sidekick who bolsters his friend 's ego but gets very little in return . </Li> <Li> Ewan McGregor as Lumière , the Beast 's charismatic bouteiller who has been transformed into a candelabra . </Li> <Li> Stanley Tucci as Maestro Cadenza , the neurotic court composer and Madame de Garderobe 's husband who has been transformed into a harpsichord . </Li> <Li> Audra McDonald as Madame de Garderobe , a world - renowned opera singer and Cadenza 's wife who has been transformed into a wardrobe . </Li> <Li> Gugu Mbatha - Raw as Plumette , one of the castle maids and Lumière 's lover who has been transformed into a feather duster . </Li> <Li> Ian McKellen as Cogsworth , the Beast 's gruff but loyal majordomo and the head of the household staff who has been transformed into a mantel clock . </Li> <Li> Emma Thompson as Mrs. Potts , the castle 's motherly head housekeeper who has been transformed into a teapot . </Li> <Li> Hattie Morahan as Agathe , an impoverished hermit and resident of Villeneuve who , in reality , is the enchantress responsible for cursing the Prince . Morahan also narrates the prologue . <Ul> <Li> Rita Davies portrays the enchantress in her beggar woman form . The film was released posthumously after Davies ' death . </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Nathan Mack as Chip , Mrs. Potts ' plucky son who has been transformed into a teacup . </Li> <Li> Adrian Schiller as Monsieur D'Arque , the sly warden of the local asylum who is bribed by Gaston to have Maurice institutionalized . </Li> <Li> Gerard Horan as Monsieur Jean Potts , an absent - minded potter and resident of Villeneuve who is later revealed to be Mrs. Potts ' husband and Chip 's father . </Li> <Li> Haydn Gwynne as Clothilde , a fishmonger and resident of Villeneuve who is later revealed to be Cogsworth 's wife . </Li> <Li> Michael Jibson as the Tavern Keeper , the owner and keeper of Villeneuve 's local tavern where Gaston and the village residents drink . </Li> <Li> Ray Fearon as Père Robert , Villeneuve 's local chaplain who encourages Belle to borrow the books in the chapel 's meager library . </Li> <Li> Sophie Reid , Rafaëlle Cohen , and Carla Nella as the Village Lasses , a trio of women who fawn over Gaston and have a jealousy for Belle . </Li> <Li> Jimmy Johnston , Dean Street , and Alexis Loizon as Tom , Dick , and Stanley , a trio of men who serve as Gaston 's henchmen . </Li> <Li> Zoe Rainey as Belle 's mother , Maurice 's late wife who contracted the plague and died when Belle was an infant . </Li> <Li> Clive Rowe as Cuisinier , the castle 's head chef who has been transformed into a stove . </Li> <Li> Gizmo as Frou - Frou , Maestro Cadenza 's and Madame de Garderobe 's pet Yorkshire Terrier who has been transformed into a footstool . </Li> <Li> Thomas Padden as Chapeau , the prince 's valet who has been transformed into a coat rack . </Li> <Li> Tom Turner as The King , the prince 's father who , following his wife 's death , raised his son to be just as selfish and arrogant as he was . </Li> <Li> Harriet Jones as The Queen , the prince 's mother who died of an illness when he was a child . </Li> <Li> Dale Branston as Villeneuve 's residential baker . </Li> <Li> Chris Andrew Mellon as Nasty Headmaster , the unnamed headmaster of an all boys school in Villeneuve that disapproves of Belle teaching a young girl how to read . </Li> <Li> Vivian Parry as the Village Lass ' mother , an unnamed seamstress . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Cast notes ( edit ) </H3> <P> ^ In the initial theatrical release , Mitchell was miscredited as Rudi Gooman in the cast , but listed under his real name in the soundtrack credits . </P> <P> ^ In the initial theatrical release , Turner is miscredited as Henry Garrett in the cast . </P> <P> Stephen Merchant also appeared in the film as Monsieur Toilette , a servant who was turned into a toilet . This character was cut from the film , but is featured in the deleted scenes . </P> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Development ( edit ) </H3> <P> Previously , Disney had begun work on a film adaptation of the 1994 Broadway musical . However , in a 2011 interview , composer Alan Menken stated the planned film version of the Beauty and the Beast stage musical `` was canned '' . </P> <P> By April 2014 , Walt Disney Pictures had already begun developing a new live - action version and remake of Beauty and the Beast after making other live - action fantasy films such as Alice in Wonderland , Maleficent , Cinderella and The Jungle Book . In June 2014 , Bill Condon was signed to direct the film from a script by Evan Spiliotopoulos . Later in September of that same year , Stephen Chbosky ( who had previously directed Watson in The Perks of Being a Wallflower ) was hired to re-write the script . </P> <P> Before Condon was hired to direct the film , Disney approached him with a proposal to remake the film in a more radical way as Universal Studios had remade Snow White and the Huntsman ( 2012 ) . Condon later explained that `` after Frozen opened , the studio saw that there was this big international audience for an old - school - musical approach . But initially , they said , ' We 're interested in a musical to a degree , but only half full of songs . ' | The role of the dad in the new Beauty and the Beast is played by | [
"Kevin Kline"
] | 1,645 | Who plays the dad in the new beauty and the beast? |
3249143050053167368 | the house for a family meal are usually unsuccessful ; when he does come , conversation is difficult and he does n't stay long . He avoids social contact , finding it difficult to interact with his family , co-workers , or members of his church . A co-worker , Margo , is interested in him , but he avoids anything more than brief encounters . </P> <P> One day a large package arrives ; that evening Lars tells Gus and Karin that he has a visitor whom he met via the Internet , a wheelchair - mobile missionary of Brazilian and Danish descent named Bianca . They discover that Bianca is a lifelike doll which Lars apparently ordered from an adult website . Concerned about his mental health , they convince Lars to take Bianca for a checkup to the family doctor , Dagmar , who is also a psychiatrist . Dagmar diagnoses Bianca with low blood pressure and advises Lars to bring her in for weekly treatments . Her aim is to have regular contact with Lars , hoping to get to the root of his behavior . She explains to Gus and Karin that his delusion is a manifestation of an underlying problem that needs to be addressed . She urges them to assist with his therapy by treating Bianca as a real person . </P> <P> Lars begins to introduce Bianca as his girlfriend to the townspeople . Due to their concern for Lars , everyone treats Bianca as a real person . Lars soon finds himself interacting more with people . During this time , Margo has begun to date another co-worker , which silently bothers Lars . </P> <P> Lars asks his brother when he knew he had become a man and what being a man means . Gus says when he began doing the right things for the right reasons , even when it hurts . Gus gives several examples , including their father keeping them , and taking care of them , even though he did n't know how . Gus says that he never should have left Lars alone with their father , and he apologizes for being selfish . Their conversation seems to reach Lars and his dependence on Bianca immediately seems to shift . </P> <P> When a co-worker with whom Margo has been playing pranks goes a bit too far , Lars comforts her . During the ensuing conversation , Margo reveals she has broken up with her boyfriend . She invites Lars to go bowling , which he initially declines before reconsidering . The two spend a pleasant evening together along with some other townsfolk . Lars is quick to remind Margo he could never cheat on Bianca . Although obviously disappointed , Margo replies that the thought never crossed her mind . As they part , Lars takes his glove off to shake Margo 's hand -- a significant advance in his ability to interact with others ; he earlier explained to the doctor that others ' touch felt like `` burning '' . </P> <P> One morning soon after , Lars announces that Bianca is unresponsive , and an ambulance rushes her to the hospital . Once there , he tells his family that her prognosis is not good and that Bianca would like to be brought home . The news spreads through town , and everyone whose life has been touched by Bianca sends flowers or sits with Lars at the Lindstrom home . Gus and Karin ask Dagmar why this is happening , and she reveals that it indicates a significant shift for Lars . They suggest that Lars and Bianca join them for a visit to the lake . While the couple is hiking , Lars gives Bianca a very sad farewell kiss . As Gus and Karin make their way back from the hike , they discover despondent Lars in the lake with a ' dying ' Bianca . </P> <P> Bianca is given a full - fledged funeral that is well - attended by the townspeople . After Bianca is buried in the local cemetery , Lars and Margo linger at the grave site . When Margo states that she should catch up with everyone else , Lars asks her to take a walk with him instead , to which she happily agrees . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Ryan Gosling as Lars Lindstrom </Li> <Li> Emily Mortimer as Karin Lindstrom </Li> <Li> Paul Schneider as Gus Lindstrom </Li> <Li> R.D. Reid as Reverend Bock </Li> <Li> Kelli Garner as Margo </Li> <Li> Nancy Beatty as Mrs. Gruner </Li> <Li> Doug Lennox as Mr. Hofstedtler </Li> <Li> Joe Bostick as Mr. Shaw </Li> <Li> Liz Gordon as Mrs. Schindler </Li> <Li> Nicky Guadagni as Mrs. Petersen </Li> <Li> Patricia Clarkson as Dagmar Berman , MD </Li> <Li> Karen Robinson as Cindy </Li> <Li> Maxwell McCabe - Lokos as Kurt </Li> <Li> Billy Parrott as Erik </Li> <Li> Sally Cahill as Deb </Li> <Li> Angela Vint as Sandy </Li> <Li> Liisa Repo - Martell as Laurel </Li> <Li> Boyd Banks as Russell </Li> <Li> Darren Hynes as Moose </Li> <Li> Víctor Gómez as Hector </Li> <Li> Tommy Chang as Nelson </Li> <Li> Arnold Pinnock as Baxter </Li> <Li> Joshua Peace as Jerry </Li> <Li> Aurora Browne as Lisa </Li> <Li> Alec McClure as Steve </Li> <Li> Tannis Burnett as Nurse Amy </Li> <Li> Lauren Ash as Holly </Li> <Li> Lindsey Connell as Victoria </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> In The Real Story of Lars and the Real Girl , a special feature on the DVD release of the film , screenwriter Nancy Oliver reveals the inspiration for her script was an actual website , RealDoll.com , which is featured prominently in the film . While researching `` weird websites '' for an article , Oliver found RealDoll.com . She wrote the script in 2002 . </P> <P> The film , set in the American state of Wisconsin , was filmed with a US $ 12 million budget on location in Alton , Elora , King Township , Toronto , Uxbridge , and Whitevale , all located in the Canadian province of Ontario . Film credits include Rosalie MacKintosh as `` Bianca wrangler '' and Karly Bowen as `` assistant Bianca wrangler . '' </P> <H2> Release ( edit ) </H2> <P> The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2007 before going into limited release in the U.S. on October 12 , 2007 . It initially opened on seven screens in New York City , New York ; and Los Angeles , California , and earned $90,418 on its opening weekend . It later expanded to 321 theaters and remained in release for 147 days , earning $5,972,884 domestically and $5,320,639 in foreign markets for a worldwide box - office total of $11,293,663 . </P> <P> The film was featured at the Austin Film Festival , the Heartland Film Festival , the Torino Film Festival , the Glasgow Film Festival , and the Las Palmas de Gran Canaria International Film Festival . </P> <H2> Critical reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> Lars and the Real Girl received overwhelming positive reviews from critics , with Gosling 's performance being universally acclaimed . On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes , 81 % of critics gave the film positive reviews , based on 134 reviews with the consensus stating `` Lars and the Real Girl could 've so easily been a one - joke movie . But the talented cast , a great script , and direction never condescend to its character or the audience . '' On Metacritic , the film has an average score of 70 out of 100 , based on 32 reviews . </P> <P> Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun - Times observed , `` The film wisely never goes for even one moment that could be interpreted as smutty or mocking . There are so many ways ( it ) could have gone wrong that one of the film 's fascinations is how adroitly it sidesteps them . Its weapon is absolute sincerity . It has a kind of purity to it . '' </P> <P> Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle called the film `` a gentle comedy , offbeat but never cute , never lewd and never going for shortcut laughs that might diminish character . '' </P> <P> Manohla Dargis of The New York Times said , `` American self - nostalgia is a dependable racket , and if the filmmakers had pushed into the realm of nervous truth , had given Lars and the town folk sustained shadows , not just cute tics and teary moments , it might have worked . Instead the film is palatable audience bait of average accomplishment that superficially recalls the plain style of Alexander Payne , but without any of the lacerating edges or moral ambiguity . '' </P> <P> Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times described it as `` the sweetest , most innocent , most completely enjoyable film around , '' `` a film whose daring and delicate blend of apparent irreconcilables will sweep you off your feet if you 're not careful . The creators of this film were fiercely determined not to go so much as a millimeter over the line into sentiment , tawdriness or mockery . It 's the rare film that is the best possible version of itself , but Lars fits that bill . '' </P> <P> Lou Lumenick of the New York Post awarded the film three out of four stars , calling it `` an offbeat comedy that plays as if Preston Sturges came back to life and collaborated with the Coen Brothers on an updated version of the Jimmy Stewart film Harvey ( 1950 ) . He added the script `` eschews cheap laughs for character - driven humanist comedy , and is sensitively directed by Craig Gillespie . '' </P> <P> Alissa Simon of Variety stated , `` Craig Gillespie 's sweetly off - kilter film plays like a Coen brothers riff on Garrison Keillor 's Lake Wobegon tales , defying its lurid premise with a gentle comic drama grounded in reality ... what 's fresh and charming is the way the characters surrounding the protagonist also grow as they help him through his crisis . '' </P> <P> The film has received favorable reviews from Christian faith - based media , and has been recommended as an instructional tool and a means for opening a dialogue on tolerance . </P> <H2> Accolades ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Award </Th> <Th> Date of ceremony </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> Recipients and nominees </Th> <Th> Result </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Academy Awards </Td> <Td> February 24 , 2008 </Td> <Td> Best Original Screenplay </Td> <Td> Nancy Oliver </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chicago Film Critics Association </Td> <Td> December 13 , 2007 </Td> <Td> Best Actor </Td> <Td> Ryan Gosling </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Most Promising Director </Td> <Td> Craig Gillespie </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Critics ' Choice Awards </Td> <Td> January 7 , 2007 </Td> <Td> Best Actor </Td> <Td> Ryan Gosling </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Best Screenplay </Td> <Td> Nancy Oliver </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Golden Globe Awards </Td> <Td> January 13 , 2008 </Td> <Td> Best Actor -- Motion Picture Musical or Comedy </Td> <Td> Ryan Gosling </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Humanitas Prize </Td> <Td> September 17 , 2008 </Td> <Td> Feature Film </Td> <Td> Nancy Oliver </Td> <Td> Won </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> National Board of Review </Td> <Td> January 15 , 2008 </Td> <Td> Top Ten Films </Td> <Td> Lars and the Real Girl </Td> <Td> Won </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Best Original Screenplay </Td> <Td> Nancy Oliver </Td> <Td> Won </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Satellite Awards </Td> <Td> December 16 , 2007 </Td> <Td> Best Film -- Musical or Comedy </Td> <Td> Lars and the Real Girl </Td> <Td> Nominated </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Best Actor -- Motion | The movie Lars and the Real Girl was filmed | [
"on location in Alton, Elora, King Township, Toronto, Uxbridge, and Whitevale, all located in the Canadian province of Ontario"
] | 1,578 | Where was lars and the real girl filmed? |
7723222099975907336 | cited example of modern extinction <P> Currently an important aspect of extinction is human attempts to preserve critically endangered species . These are reflected by the creation of the conservation status `` extinct in the wild '' ( EW ) . Species listed under this status by the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) are not known to have any living specimens in the wild , and are maintained only in zoos or other artificial environments . Some of these species are functionally extinct , as they are no longer part of their natural habitat and it is unlikely the species will ever be restored to the wild . When possible , modern zoological institutions try to maintain a viable population for species preservation and possible future reintroduction to the wild , through use of carefully planned breeding programs . </P> <P> The extinction of one species ' wild population can have knock - on effects , causing further extinctions . These are also called `` chains of extinction '' . This is especially common with extinction of keystone species . </P> <H3> Pseudoextinction ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Pseudoextinction <P> Extinction of a parent species where daughter species or subspecies are still extant is called pseudoextinction or phyletic extinction . Effectively , the old taxon vanishes , transformed ( anagenesis ) into a successor , or split into more than one ( cladogenesis ) . </P> <P> Pseudoextinction is difficult to demonstrate unless one has a strong chain of evidence linking a living species to members of a pre-existing species . For example , it is sometimes claimed that the extinct Hyracotherium , which was an early horse that shares a common ancestor with the modern horse , is pseudoextinct , rather than extinct , because there are several extant species of Equus , including zebra and donkey . However , as fossil species typically leave no genetic material behind , one can not say whether Hyracotherium evolved into more modern horse species or merely evolved from a common ancestor with modern horses . Pseudoextinction is much easier to demonstrate for larger taxonomic groups . </P> <H3> Lazarus taxa ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Lazarus taxa <P> The coelacanth , a fish related to lungfish and tetrapods , was considered to have been extinct since the end of the Cretaceous Period until 1938 when a specimen was found , off the Chalumna River ( now Tyolomnqa ) on the east coast of South Africa . Museum curator Marjorie Courtenay - Latimer discovered the fish among the catch of a local angler , Captain Hendrick Goosen , on December 23 , 1938 . A local chemistry professor , JLB Smith , confirmed the fish 's importance with a famous cable : `` MOST IMPORTANT PRESERVE SKELETON AND GILLS = FISH DESCRIBED '' . </P> <P> Far more recent possible or presumed extinctions of species which may turn out still to exist include the thylacine , or Tasmanian tiger ( Thylacinus cynocephalus ) , the last known example of which died in Hobart Zoo in Tasmania in 1936 ; the Japanese wolf ( Canis lupus hodophilax ) , last sighted over 100 years ago ; the ivory - billed woodpecker ( Campephilus principalis ) , last sighted for certain in 1944 ; and the slender - billed curlew ( Numenius tenuirostris ) , not seen since 2007 . </P> <H2> Causes ( edit ) </H2> The passenger pigeon , one of hundreds of species of extinct birds , was hunted to extinction over the course of a few decades <P> As long as species have been evolving , species have been going extinct . It is estimated that over 99.9 % of all species that ever lived are extinct . The average lifespan of a species is 1 -- 10 million years , although this varies widely between taxa . There are a variety of causes that can contribute directly or indirectly to the extinction of a species or group of species . `` Just as each species is unique '' , write Beverly and Stephen C. Stearns , `` so is each extinction ... the causes for each are varied -- some subtle and complex , others obvious and simple '' . Most simply , any species that can not survive and reproduce in its environment and can not move to a new environment where it can do so , dies out and becomes extinct . Extinction of a species may come suddenly when an otherwise healthy species is wiped out completely , as when toxic pollution renders its entire habitat unliveable ; or may occur gradually over thousands or millions of years , such as when a species gradually loses out in competition for food to better adapted competitors . Extinction may occur a long time after the events that set it in motion , a phenomenon known as extinction debt . </P> <P> Assessing the relative importance of genetic factors compared to environmental ones as the causes of extinction has been compared to the debate on nature and nurture . The question of whether more extinctions in the fossil record have been caused by evolution or by catastrophe is a subject of discussion ; Mark Newman , the author of Modeling Extinction , argues for a mathematical model that falls between the two positions . By contrast , conservation biology uses the extinction vortex model to classify extinctions by cause . When concerns about human extinction have been raised , for example in Sir Martin Rees ' 2003 book Our Final Hour , those concerns lie with the effects of climate change or technological disaster . </P> <P> Currently , environmental groups and some governments are concerned with the extinction of species caused by humanity , and they try to prevent further extinctions through a variety of conservation programs . Humans can cause extinction of a species through overharvesting , pollution , habitat destruction , introduction of invasive species ( such as new predators and food competitors ) , overhunting , and other influences . Explosive , unsustainable human population growth is an essential cause of the extinction crisis . According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) , 784 extinctions have been recorded since the year 1500 , the arbitrary date selected to define `` recent '' extinctions , up to the year 2004 ; with many more likely to have gone unnoticed . Several species have also been listed as extinct since 2004 . </P> <H3> Genetics and demographic phenomena ( edit ) </H3> See also : Extinction vortex , Genetic erosion , and Mutational meltdown <P> If adaptation increasing population fitness is slower than environmental degradation plus the accumulation of slightly deleterious mutations , then a population will go extinct . Smaller populations have fewer beneficial mutations entering the population each generation , slowing adaptation . It is also easier for slightly deleterious mutations to fix in small populations ; the resulting positive feedback loop between small population size and low fitness can cause mutational meltdown . </P> <P> Limited geographic range is the most important determinant of genus extinction at background rates but becomes increasingly irrelevant as mass extinction arises . Limited geographic range is a cause both of small population size and of greater vulnerability to local environmental catastrophes . </P> <P> Extinction rates can be affected not just by population size , but by any factor that affects evolvability , including balancing selection , cryptic genetic variation , phenotypic plasticity , and robustness . A diverse or deep gene pool gives a population a higher chance in the short term of surviving an adverse change in conditions . Effects that cause or reward a loss in genetic diversity can increase the chances of extinction of a species . Population bottlenecks can dramatically reduce genetic diversity by severely limiting the number of reproducing individuals and make inbreeding more frequent . </P> <H3> Genetic pollution ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Genetic pollution <P> Purebred wild species evolved to a specific ecology can be threatened with extinction through the process of genetic pollution -- i.e. , uncontrolled hybridization , introgression genetic swamping which leads to homogenization or out - competition from the introduced ( or hybrid ) species . Endemic populations can face such extinctions when new populations are imported or selectively bred by people , or when habitat modification brings previously isolated species into contact . Extinction is likeliest for rare species coming into contact with more abundant ones ; interbreeding can swamp the rarer gene pool and create hybrids , depleting the purebred gene pool ( for example , the endangered wild water buffalo is most threatened with extinction by genetic pollution from the abundant domestic water buffalo ) . Such extinctions are not always apparent from morphological ( non-genetic ) observations . Some degree of gene flow is a normal evolutionarily process , nevertheless , hybridization ( with or without introgression ) threatens rare species ' existence . </P> <P> The gene pool of a species or a population is the variety of genetic information in its living members . A large gene pool ( extensive genetic diversity ) is associated with robust populations that can survive bouts of intense selection . Meanwhile , low genetic diversity ( see inbreeding and population bottlenecks ) reduces the range of adaptions possible . Replacing native with alien genes narrows genetic diversity within the original population , thereby increasing the chance of extinction . </P> Scorched land resulting from slash - and - burn agriculture <H3> Habitat degradation ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Habitat destruction <P> Habitat degradation is currently the main anthropogenic cause of species extinctions . The main cause of habitat degradation worldwide is agriculture , with urban sprawl , logging , mining and some fishing practices close behind . The degradation of a species ' habitat may alter the fitness landscape to such an extent that the species is no longer able to survive and becomes extinct . This may occur by direct effects , such as the environment becoming toxic , or indirectly , by limiting a species ' ability to compete effectively for diminished resources or against new competitor species . </P> <P> Habitat degradation through toxicity can kill off a species very rapidly , by killing all living members through contamination or sterilizing them . It can also occur over longer periods at lower toxicity levels by affecting life span , reproductive capacity , or competitiveness . </P> <P> Habitat degradation can also take the form of a physical destruction of niche habitats . The widespread destruction of tropical rainforests and replacement with open pastureland is widely cited as an example of this ; elimination of the dense forest eliminated the infrastructure needed by many species to survive . For example , a fern that depends on dense shade for protection from direct sunlight can no longer survive without forest to shelter it . Another example is the destruction of ocean floors by bottom trawling . </P> <P> Diminished resources or introduction of new competitor species also often accompany habitat degradation . Global warming has allowed some species to expand their range , bringing unwelcome competition to other species that previously occupied that area . Sometimes these new competitors are predators and directly affect prey species , while at other times they may merely outcompete vulnerable species for limited resources . Vital resources including water and food can also be limited during habitat degradation , leading to extinction . </P> The golden toad was last seen on May 15 , 1989 . Decline in amphibian populations is ongoing worldwide <H3> Predation , competition , and disease ( edit ) </H3> See also : Island restoration <P> In the natural course of events , species become extinct for a number of reasons , including but not limited to : extinction of a necessary host , prey or pollinator , inter-species competition , inability to deal with evolving diseases and changing environmental conditions ( particularly sudden changes ) which can act to introduce novel predators , or to remove prey . Recently in geological | The most important reason species are going extinct is | [
"Explosive, unsustainable human population growth"
] | 2,554 | What is the most important reason that species are going extinct? |
-5745040113272333526 | North Saskatchewan River - wikipedia <H1> North Saskatchewan River </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> North Saskatchewan River </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Headwaters of the North Saskatchewan in Banff National Park </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> Canada </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Provinces </Th> <Td> Alberta , Saskatchewan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Tributaries </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> - left </Td> <Td> Brazeau River </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> - right </Td> <Td> Clearwater River , Vermilion River , Battle River </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cities </Th> <Td> Edmonton , AB , North Battleford , SK , Prince Albert , SK </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Source </Th> <Td> Rocky Mountains </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> - location </Td> <Td> Saskatchewan Glacier , Alberta </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> - elevation </Td> <Td> 2,080 m ( 6,824 ft ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> - coordinates </Td> <Td> 52 ° 09 ′ 22 '' N 117 ° 10 ′ 54 '' W / 52.15611 ° N 117.18167 ° W / 52.15611 ; - 117.18167 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mouth </Th> <Td> Saskatchewan River </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> - location </Td> <Td> Saskatchewan River Forks , Saskatchewan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> - elevation </Td> <Td> 380 m ( 1,247 ft ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> - coordinates </Td> <Td> 53 ° 14 ′ 07 '' N 105 ° 04 ′ 58 '' W / 53.23528 ° N 105.08278 ° W / 53.23528 ; - 105.08278 Coordinates : 53 ° 14 ′ 07 '' N 105 ° 04 ′ 58 '' W / 53.23528 ° N 105.08278 ° W / 53.23528 ; - 105.08278 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 1,287 km ( 800 mi ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Basin </Th> <Td> 122,800 km ( 47,413 sq mi ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Discharge </Th> <Td> for Prince Albert , Saskatchewan , 53 km ( 33 mi ) from the mouth </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> - average </Td> <Td> 238 m / s ( 8,405 cu ft / s ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> - max </Td> <Td> 5,660 m / s ( 199,881 cu ft / s ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> - min </Td> <Td> 19 m / s ( 671 cu ft / s ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The North Saskatchewan River drainage basin </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The North Saskatchewan River is a glacier - fed river that flows from the Canadian Rockies continental divide east to central Saskatchewan , where it joins with another major river to make up the Saskatchewan River . Its water flows eventually into the Hudson Bay . </P> <P> The Saskatchewan River system is the largest shared between the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan . Its watershed includes most of southern and central Alberta and Saskatchewan . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Course </Li> <Li> 2 Geography </Li> <Li> 3 Geology </Li> <Li> 4 History </Li> <Li> 5 Recreation </Li> <Li> 6 Fish species </Li> <Li> 7 Flooding </Li> <Li> 8 Commercial navigation </Li> <Li> 9 Dams and hydroelectric development </Li> <Li> 10 Tributaries </Li> <Li> 11 Photo gallery </Li> <Li> 12 See also </Li> <Li> 13 Further reading </Li> <Li> 14 References </Li> <Li> 15 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Course ( edit ) </H2> <P> The North Saskatchewan River has a length of 1,287 kilometres ( 800 mi ) , and a drainage area of 122,800 square kilometres ( 47,400 sq mi ) . At its end point at Saskatchewan River Forks it has a mean discharge of 245 cubic metres per second ( 8,700 cu ft / s ) . The yearly discharge at the Alberta -- Saskatchewan border is more than 7 cubic kilometres ( 1.7 cu mi ) . </P> <P> The river begins above 1,800 metres ( 5,900 ft ) at the toe of the Saskatchewan Glacier in the Columbia Icefield , and flows southeast through Banff National Park alongside the Icefields Parkway . At the junction of the David Thompson Highway ( Highway 11 ) , it initially turns northeast for 10 kilometres ( 6.2 mi ) before switching to a more direct eastern flow for about 30 kilometres ( 19 mi ) . At this point , it turns north where it eventually arrives at Abraham Lake . Bighorn Dam constricts the north end of Abraham Lake , where the North Saskatchewan emerges to track eastward to Rocky Mountain House . At Rocky Mountain House , the river abruptly turns north again for 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) where it switches east towards Edmonton , Alberta . In Edmonton , the river passes through the centre of the city in a northeasterly direction and out towards Smoky Lake at which point it quickly changes to the southeast and then more to the east as it makes its way to the Alberta -- Saskatchewan boundary . </P> <P> From the border , the river flows southeast between North Battleford and Battleford and on in the direction of Saskatoon . About 40 kilometres ( 25 mi ) northwest of Saskatoon , near Langham , the river veers to the northeast where it passes through the City of Prince Albert . About 30 kilometres ( 19 mi ) downstream of Prince Albert , the North Saskatchewan River joins the South Saskatchewan River at Saskatchewan River Forks to become the Saskatchewan River . From there , the river flows east to Tobin Lake and into Manitoba , eventually emptying into Lake Winnipeg . </P> <H2> Geography ( edit ) </H2> A view of the river looking south from Edmonton 's Glenora neighbourhood <P> The river course can be divided into five distinct sections . The first , the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains , is the smallest area geographically , although the largest in terms of run - off and contributed water flow . The glaciers and perpetual snows of the mountain peaks feed the river year - round . Mountains , with little vegetation , experience fast - melting snow cover . The second section of the river comprises the foothills region . The terrain is hilly and rough , with a deeper and more defined valley . This area is well covered with forest and muskeg , and run - off into the river is much more constant and stable than in the mountains . </P> <P> From Edmonton to the mouth of the Vermilion River , the North Saskatchewan flows through the plains - parkland divide , with occasional stretches of prairie . The North Saskatchewan River valley parks system ; the largest expanses of urban parkland in Canada . Cutting across Edmonton and the Capital Region . The river runs in a well - defined valley with deep cuts in the landscape. The fourth section , from the Vermilion River to Prince Albert is principally prairie with a few small stretches of timber and secondary forest cover . The valley of the river is much wider , and the river itself spreads out across shallow water and flows over many shifting sand bars . Low - lying , flat areas , border the river for much of this section . </P> <P> The final section of the river , from Prince Albert to the Saskatchewan River Forks , has many rapids . The valley is more shallow than the previous sections of the river , and the channel is much better defined . There is little prairie and much tree cover in this section . </P> <H2> Geology ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( May 2011 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Bridge River Ash is in the vicinity of the North Saskatchewan River , which erupted from the Mount Meager massif in southwestern British Columbia about 2350 years ago . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The river is shown on a Hudson 's Bay Company map from 1760 , labeled as the Beaver River . </P> <P> Its Cree name is kisiskâciwanisîpiy ( swift current ) . From this name is derived the name Saskatchewan , used as well for the South Saskatchewan River and the Saskatchewan River ( to which the North Saskatchewan is a major tributary ) , and the province of that name . </P> <P> Its Blackfoot name is omaka - ty ( big river ) . </P> The North Saskatchewan in Edmonton circa 1913 . Note steamboats in the foreground , construction of the High Level Bridge in the background , and mid-river piers for future Walterdale Bridge between . <P> The section of the North Saskatchewan river that falls within the Banff National Park boundaries has been designated a Canadian Heritage River in 1989 , for its importance in the development of western Canada . </P> <P> The river demarcates the prairie -- parkland divide for much of its course and acted as a natural boundary between plains Blackfoot and woodland Cree First Nations people for thousands of years . With the westward expansion of the fur trade spearheaded by the North West Company and followed by the Hudson 's Bay Company , the river became an important transportation route for fur trade brigades ' York boats , to which it was especially well suited as it follows an eastern trend toward Hudsons Bay , the entry point for the HBC into Canada . Many fur trade posts were constructed on the river , including Fort Edmonton ( 1795 ) and Rocky Mountain House , the uppermost post reached by canoe navigation . The river 's importance continued after the amalgamation of the Hudson 's Bay Company and the North West Company . The river was plied by a number of steamboats right up to WWI , although for everyday freight the growing web of railway lines in the western prairies eventually replaced them . The river was used commercially for many years - to carry flatboats of settlers goods and construction materials downstream from Edmonton , to float thousands of logs in the annual log drive downstream to Edmonton prior to WWI , as a source of ice blocks for home owners ' iceboxes . </P> <H2> Recreation ( edit ) </H2> <P> Edmonton 's North Saskatchewan River valley parks system is the largest system of urban parks in North America , and covers both sides of the river valley 's course through Edmonton . </P> <H2> Fish species ( edit ) </H2> <P> Fish species include : walleye , sauger , yellow perch , northern pike , goldeye , mooneye , lake sturgeon , mountain whitefish , burbot , longnose sucker , white sucker and shorthead redhorse . </P> <H2> Flooding ( edit ) </H2> <P> Like all rivers , the North Saskatchewan is subject to periodic flooding , beginning with rapid snowmelt in the mountains or prolonged periods of rain in the river basin . With the establishment of permanent communities along the river 's course , and the rise of an administrative / government structure , records exist recording floods in the North Saskatchewan for the past century . The Bighorn Dam , constructed in the early 1970s near Nordegg , Alberta , and the Brazeau Dam , constructed in the mid-1960s , have not reduced flooding potential on the North Saskatchewan River ( Alberta Environment 1981 ) </P> 29 June 1915 cover of the Edmonton Daily Bulletin <P> List of notable flood years </P> This list is incomplete ; you can help by expanding it . <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Edmonton </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Prince Albert </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Peak date </Th> <Th> mean daily flow ( m3 / s ) </Th> <Th> Peak date </Th> <Th> Peak flow ( m3 / s ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1899 </Td> <Td> 18 August </Td> <Td> 4570 </Td> <Td> August </Td> <Td> 3960 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1912 </Td> <Td> 10 July </Td> <Td> 2100 </Td> | The Saskatchewan River originates and terminates in | [
"central Saskatchewan"
] | 440 | Where does the saskatchewan river start and end? |
4869593212087031152 | Do n't You Worry Child - wikipedia <H1> Do n't You Worry Child </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Do n't You Worry Child '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Swedish House Mafia featuring John Martin </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Until Now </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 14 September 2012 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> Digital download </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 2011 -- 2012 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Progressive house </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 3 : 32 ( radio edit ) </Li> <Li> 6 : 43 ( original mix ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Virgin </Li> <Li> EMI </Li> <Li> Polydor </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Axel Hedfors </Li> <Li> Steve Angello </Li> <Li> Sebastian Ingrosso </Li> <Li> John Martin Lindström </Li> <Li> Michel Zitron </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Swedish House Mafia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Swedish House Mafia singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Greyhound '' ( 2012 ) </Td> <Td> `` Do n't You Worry Child '' ( 2012 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Greyhound '' ( 2012 ) </Td> <Td> `` Do n't You Worry Child '' ( 2012 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> John Martin singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Save the World '' ( 2011 ) Save the World 2011 </Td> <Td> `` Do n't You Worry Child '' ( 2012 ) Do n't You Worry Child2012 </Td> <Td> `` Reload '' ( 2013 ) Reload 2013 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Do n't You Worry Child '' is the sixth and final single released by Swedish house music supergroup Swedish House Mafia . It is the last single from their second and final studio album Until Now , featuring vocals from Swedish singer John Martin . In the United States , it is the act 's second number - one single on Billboard 's Dance / Mix Show Airplay chart , following `` Save the World '' . It received a Grammy nomination for Best Dance Recording in the 2013 Grammy Awards , as did its predecessor , `` Save the World '' , the previous year . The song is written in the key of B minor . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Chart and sales performance </Li> <Li> 3 Music video </Li> <Li> 4 Track listing <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Remixes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Covers </Li> <Li> 6 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 7 Charts and certifications <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 7.2 Year - end charts </Li> <Li> 7.3 Certifications </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Release history </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( Edit ) </H2> <P> The song was announced during the Swedish House Mafia 's tour of Australia while they played at Future Music Festival 2012 . They say it was made from the inspiration they took from the beauty of Australia . The title `` Do n't You Worry Child '' was mentioned a few times , with hints from the group members themselves on their Twitter pages . When it was announced that the tour the Swedish House Mafia was about to set on would be their last , a farewell single was also announced -- `` Do n't You Worry Child '' being that single . The song had its live debut at the Swedish House Mafia 's Milton Keynes Bowl concert and its radio debut on Pete Tong 's BBC Radio 1 show on 10 August 2012 . The song contains a sample from the song `` Be My World '' by Italian dance act Milky . </P> <P> The song was included on their tour One Last Tour , which ended in Miami where they parted ways forever . </P> <H2> Chart and sales performance ( Edit ) </H2> <P> In the United Kingdom , `` Do n't You Worry Child '' made its debut at number one with first week sales of 135,000 copies . It sold 632,000 copies in the United Kingdom in 2012 , the 13th best - selling single of that year . </P> <P> In the United States , the song became Swedish House Mafia 's biggest hit , peaking at number 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 , making it their first and only top ten single . The song has sold over 3 million copies in the United States as of March 2014 , and over 5.5 million copies worldwide . </P> <H2> Music video ( Edit ) </H2> <P> A music video for the song was released on 14 September 2012 , filmed on location at the group 's final British performance on 14 July 2012 at the National Bowl in Milton Keynes . As of October 2017 , the music video has over 450 million views on YouTube . </P> <H2> Track listing ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> Digital download -- EP </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Length </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 . </Td> <Td> `` Do n't You Worry Child '' ( Radio Edit ) </Td> <Td> 3 : 32 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2 . </Td> <Td> `` Do n't You Worry Child '' ( Extended Mix ) </Td> <Td> 6 : 43 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3 . </Td> <Td> `` Do n't You Worry Child '' ( Acoustic Version ) </Td> <Td> 4 : 17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4 . </Td> <Td> `` Save the World '' ( Zedd Remix ) </Td> <Td> 6 : 21 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Remixes ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Length </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 . </Td> <Td> `` Do n't You Worry Child '' ( Tom Staar & Kryder Remix ) </Td> <Td> 6 : 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2 . </Td> <Td> `` Do n't You Worry Child '' ( Promise Land Remix ) </Td> <Td> 5 : 45 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3 . </Td> <Td> `` Do n't You Worry Child '' ( Joris Voorn Remix ) </Td> <Td> 7 : 03 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Covers ( Edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> The pop a cappella group Pentatonix performed a mash - up of the song with `` Save the World '' , also by Swedish House Mafia , on their YouTube channel in February 2013 . </Li> <Li> In March 2013 , British singer Olly Murs did a cover of the song for BBC Radio 1 's Live Lounge . </Li> <Li> The Dutch symphonic metal band Within Temptation also made a cover of the song for their cover album , The Q - Music Sessions , in 2013 . </Li> <Li> The Belgian Flemish boyband 3M8S released a cover that charted on the Belgian Ultratop Singles Chart . </Li> <Li> The Piano Guys performed a Hindi version of the song ( `` Khushnuma '' ) , with lyrics sung by Shweta Subram . </Li> <Li> TG Lurgan in Ireland recorded a version of the song in the Irish language called Ná Bí Buartha . </Li> <Li> Anthem Lights included a version on their album `` Covers '' in 2013 . </Li> <Li> The X Factor Australia season five contestant Joelle Hadjia sang this song during her audition . </Li> <Li> Kingsland Road sang this song as their room audition for The X Factor UK 2013 . </Li> <Li> The act Sons of Serendip performed their arrangement of the song on America 's Got Talent live on 26 August 2014 . Their arrangement is also included in their self - titled debut album . </Li> <Li> Lebanese musician Hadi Sarieddine released an ambient / mellow cover of this song on his official YouTube channel in April 2015 . </Li> <Li> British recording artist Rick Astley , best known for his hit single `` Never Gonna Give You Up , '' performed this song during several of his live shows . </Li> <Li> Postmodern Jukebox recorded and released a cover of this song . </Li> </Ul> <H2> In popular culture ( Edit ) </H2> <P> The track has been used during various television programmes around the world . It was featured as one of the opening tracks during the Grand Final of the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 in Stockholm , Sweden . It was performed by a group of children in the British soap opera Emmerdale at the funeral of the character Gemma Andrews . The song is playable in the video games Just Dance 2014 and Just Dance 2015 . </P> <H2> Charts and certifications ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2012 -- 14 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Australia ( ARIA ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Austria ( Ö3 Austria Top 40 ) </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Belgium ( Ultratop 50 Flanders ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Belgium ( Ultratop 50 Wallonia ) </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Brazil ( Billboard Brasil Hot 100 ) </Th> <Td> 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Brazil Hot Pop Songs </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Canada ( Canadian Hot 100 ) </Th> <Td> 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Colombia ( National - Report ) </Th> <Td> 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Czech Republic ( Rádio Top 100 ) </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Czech Republic ( Singles Digitál Top 100 ) </Th> <Td> 64 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Denmark ( Tracklisten ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Finland ( Suomen virallinen lista ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> France ( SNEP ) </Th> <Td> 37 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Germany ( Official German Charts ) </Th> <Td> 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Greece Digital Songs ( Billboard ) </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hungary ( Dance Top 40 ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hungary ( Rádiós Top 40 ) </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hungary ( Single Top 40 ) </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ireland ( IRMA ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Italy ( FIMI ) </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Luxembourg Digital Songs ( Billboard ) </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mexico Top 20 Anglo ( Monitor Latino ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Netherlands ( Dutch Top 40 ) </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> New Zealand ( Recorded Music NZ ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Norway ( VG - lista ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Poland ( Dance Top 50 ) </Th> <Td> 17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Portugal ( Billboard ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Scotland ( Official Charts Company ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Slovakia ( Rádio Top 100 ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spain ( PROMUSICAE ) </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sweden ( Sverigetopplistan ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Switzerland ( Schweizer Hitparade ) </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Turkey ( Turkish Singles Chart ) </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> UK Singles ( Official Charts Company ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> UK Dance ( Official Charts Company ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Billboard Hot 100 </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Hot Dance / Electronic Songs ( Billboard ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Adult Top 40 ( Billboard ) </Th> <Td> 14 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Dance Club Songs ( Billboard ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Hot Latin Songs ( Billboard ) | The music video for "Don't You Worry Child" was filmed | [
"on location at the group's final British performance on 14 July 2012 at the National Bowl in Milton Keynes"
] | 857 | Where was don't you worry child filmed? |
-1701212376306091221 | Pint glass - wikipedia <H1> Pint glass </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` Conical '' pint glass <P> A pint glass is a form of drinkware made to hold either a British ( `` imperial '' ) pint of 20 imperial fluid ounces ( 568 ml ) or an American pint of 16 US fluid ounces ( 473 ml ) . These glasses are typically used to serve beer , and also often for cider . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Current shapes </Li> <Li> 2 History <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Older styles </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 United Kingdom law </Li> <Li> 4 Other countries </Li> <Li> 5 Nucleated pint glasses </Li> <Li> 6 Collecting </Li> <Li> 7 Use as weapon </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Current shapes ( edit ) </H2> `` Nonik '' pint glasses : full and a half pint <P> The common shapes of pint glass are : </P> <Ul> <Li> Conical ( or sleevers ) glasses are shaped , as the name suggests , as an inverted truncated cone around 6 inches ( 15 cm ) tall and tapering by about 1 inch ( 25 mm ) in diameter over its height . Also called a `` shaker pint '' in the United States , as the glass can be used as one half of a Boston shaker . The most common size found in the US holds 16 oz to the rim . </Li> <Li> The nonik ( or nonic , pronounced `` no - nick '' ) a variation on the conical design , where the glass bulges out a couple of inches from the top ; this is partly for improved grip , partly to prevent the glasses from sticking together when stacked , and partly to give strength and stop the rim from becoming chipped or `` nicked '' . This design was invented by Hugo Pick , of Albert Pick & Co. , who was awarded two US patents : design patent 44,616 ( September 2 , 1913 ) and patent 1,107,700 ( August 18 , 1914 ) -- though the design patent was invalidated -- and which was commercialized as Nonik ( for `` no - nick '' ) . The design was preceded by many other bulged glass designs , dating to the mid-19th century , which differed in having a severe bulge and different purposes ( a stop for a jar cover , or placement in a soda glass holder ) , rather than the shallow bulge of this design . The original motivation for the glass was to reduce breakage when stacking ( 40 % greater crushing strength and curved surface where rim touches ) , reduce breakage when tipped over ( due to the bulge protecting the rim from impact ) , improve grip , and facilitate cleaning ( due to shallow curves , compared to more severe curves ) . In the United Kingdom , this style was popularized after World War II , with Ravenhead glass introducing a Nonik glass in 1948 . </Li> <Li> Jug glasses , or `` dimple mugs '' , are shaped more like a large mug with a handle . They are moulded with a grid pattern of thickened glass on the outside , somewhat resembling the segmentation of a Mills bomb . The dimples prevent the glass slipping out of the fingers in a washing - up bowl , and the design of the glass emphasises strength , helping to withstand frequent manual washing . These design features became less important when manual washing was superseded by machine washing from the 1960s onwards . Dimpled glasses are now rarer than the other types and are regarded as more traditional . This sort of glass is also known as a `` Handle '' or `` Jug '' due to the handle on the glass . </Li> <Li> Tulip is a more modern glass having a taller shape , usually flaring out towards the top ; these designs are more commonly associated with continental lagers or promotional campaigns by breweries , and are frequently etched or marked with the beer 's label . </Li> <Li> Can - shaped glasses are shaped like a standard beer or beverage can , with straight cylindrical sides and an inverted lip . They are less prone to tipping over than a conical glass , and without the need for a heavy base for stability , they are around 40 % lighter . </Li> </Ul> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> Pint glasses became popular in the United Kingdom in the early / mid-20th century , replacing tankards ( pewter , ceramic , and glass ) . This change is notably lamented by George Orwell in his 1946 essay `` The Moon Under Water '' . </P> <H3> Older styles ( edit ) </H3> <P> Older styles include : </P> <Ul> <Li> Decorative Toby jugs , although these would not have been for everyday use . Mid 1700s onwards . </Li> <Li> Pewter tankards . 1500s to 1900s </Li> <Li> Ceramic tankards with strap handles . Late 1800s to early 1900s . </Li> <Li> 10 - sided glass tankards . 1920s and 1930s . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> <P> A wooden tankard found on board the 16th century carrack Mary Rose . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Pewter tankard </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Glass tankard </P> </Li> </Ul> <H2> United Kingdom law ( edit ) </H2> A dimpled glass pint jug showing ' PINT TO LINE ' and Crown certification mark `` Tulip '' shaped glass , showing Crown stamp . <P> In the United Kingdom , draught beer must be sold in Imperial measure ( see Pint § Effects of metrication ) . United Kingdom law requires certain steps be taken to ensure that a pint of beer is indeed a pint . Though this can be achieved using `` metered dispense '' ( calibrated pumps ) , the more common solution is to use certified one - pint glasses . Until recently these had a crown stamp indicating that the certification had been done by an agency of the Crown . The number etched upon the glasses stands for the manufacturing company or site . Most pint glasses used in the United Kingdom today have actually been produced in France . </P> <P> Under the EU Measuring Instruments Directive ( Directive 2004 / 22 / EC ) , the certification of measuring instruments and devices used in trade ( including beer mugs , weighbridges , petrol pumps and the like ) can be done by third parties anywhere within the EU with governments taking `` only the legislative and enforcement ( market surveillance ) functions '' and `` ensuring that the system of third party assessment ... has sufficient technical competence and independence '' ( or , in simple language , calibration services were privatised ) . Glasses that have been certified by authorised firms anywhere within the EU have the letters CE etched on with the certifying agency 's identification number . Conservatives campaigning to have dual markings of crown and CE were informed by EU Commissioner Günter Verheugen that `` a Crown stamp look - alike could naturally be affixed to the glass , as long as it is done in such a way that it is not confused with the CE marking '' . </P> <P> Selling beer in unmeasured glasses without using some other form of calibrated measure is illegal . Half - pint , one - third pint and two - thirds pint ( schooners ) glasses are also available , and are subject to the same laws . </P> <P> Although the glass must be accurately - calibrated , industry guidelines only require a pint to be at least 95 % liquid , allowing 5 % of the pint to consist of the foamy ' head ' . The Campaign for Real Ale ( CAMRA ) has described this practice as selling a short measure , and says that it costs drinkers £ 1m a day in beer they have paid for but not received . The British Beer and Pub Association has issued guidelines for bar staff to give a ' top up ' to any drinker who is unsatisfied with the measure they receive . </P> <P> CAMRA recommends the use of `` lined '' or `` oversized '' glasses in pubs . These have a line near the top ( usually labelled `` pint to line '' ) to which the beer should be poured , with the head forming above it . In the past a number of breweries supplied these glasses to their pubs ; this is now rarely the case and lined glasses are found mostly at enthusiasts ' events such as beer festivals , serious cask ale pubs , and breweries ' own bars . </P> <H2> Other countries ( edit ) </H2> Pint glass with PINT / CE logo <P> Beer in Australia is formally measured in metric units , but draught beer is commonly ordered and sold in glasses approximating imperial measures , including a 570 ml pint . ( In the state of South Australia , `` pint '' refers to a 425 ml ( 3⁄4 pint ) glass , known as a schooner in the rest of Australia . ) As in the UK , certified glassware must be used ; the capacity of the beer glass is defined by either the brim or , where present , the capacity line . There are no legally prescribed sizes for beer volumes , but the stated capacities , which are a legal requirement , must be formally tested by the hotelliers and breweries . </P> <P> In Canada , Federal law mandates a standard imperial pint . However , this law is rarely enforced , and establishments typically sell US pints or other measures as `` pints . '' </P> <P> The Republic of Ireland uses the imperial 20 fl oz pint measure ( ≈ 568 ml ) , where legal metrology marks are used to show that a glass has passed inspection by the National Standards Authority of Ireland , a state - run body which enforces a number of standard rulings . Starting in 2006 , the NSAI `` pint '' mark , a circle featuring two wavy lines , between which `` PINT '' is written , with a year mark ( last two digits ) , and a three digit batch code either side ; has begun to be phased out with a European standard `` PINT '' / CE logo stamp . Smaller Pint glasses have been used in pubs and nightclubs though . </P> <P> In Israel , although officially defined as 568ml , pubs use the term rather arbitrarily and the `` pints '' served constitute a wide range of volumes ( 360ml -- 440ml ) . In the past , the custom was to serve beer in 330ml or 500ml in the original beer manufacture 's glass . After the reform in the alcohol taxes in July 2012 the tax rate doubled . Each liter of beer is charged with 4.2 nis tax . In order to avoid raising prices at the pubs , and as a result , the loss of customers , a new `` magic '' appeared , called `` pint '' . The customers do n't really know the vague term of a pint , and it varies from place to place . Some of the places did n't even change the menu , and it 's served as 500 ml . </P> <P> In the United States , a pint is 16 US fluid ounces ( 473 mL ) . However , the typical conical `` pint '' glass holds 16 oz. to its rim . With a half inch of foam , the actual liquid fill is roughly 14 oz . Recently ( as of 2008 ) , some restaurants have replaced 16 - ounce pint glasses ( 473 mL ) with 14 ouncers ( 415 mL ) to which customers have | The "m" number on a pint glass represents the measurement in | [
"imperial fluid ounces"
] | 42 | What does the m number mean on a pint glass? |
-1665528830781573810 | Waiting for a Star to Fall - wikipedia <H1> Waiting for a Star to Fall </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Waiting for a Star to Fall '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Boy Meets Girl </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Reel Life </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> A-side </Th> <Td> `` Waiting for a Star to Fall '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` No Apologies '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> June 10 , 1988 ( U.S. ) November 30 , 1988 ( UK ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 '' single , 12 '' single , CD single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Pop </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 32 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> RCA </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Shannon Rubicam , George Merrill </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> George Merrill , Arif Mardin & Thomas Hart </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Boy Meets Girl singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Oh Girl '' ( 1985 ) </Td> <Td> `` Waiting for a Star to Fall '' ( 1988 ) </Td> <Td> `` Bring Down the Moon '' ( 1988 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Oh Girl '' ( 1985 ) </Td> <Td> `` Waiting for a Star to Fall '' ( 1988 ) </Td> <Td> `` Bring Down the Moon '' ( 1988 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Waiting for a Star to Fall '' is a song released by the pop duo Boy Meets Girl in 1988 . It was a worldwide hit and became their signature song . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Release and reception </Li> <Li> 3 Music video </Li> <Li> 4 Personnel </Li> <Li> 5 Covers and remixes </Li> <Li> 6 Charts <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 6.2 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song was inspired by an actual falling star that Shannon Rubicam had seen at one of Whitney Houston 's concerts at the Greek Theatre . Initially , the duo did not consider recording it , and instead submitted the song to Clive Davis hoping he would decide to use it on Houston 's next album . He rejected it , suggesting that it did not suit her . The song was then offered to and recorded by Belinda Carlisle for her 1987 release Heaven on Earth , at the insistence of her label , but Carlisle disliked it and refused to include it on the album . This version has , however , circulated on an unofficial compilation of that album 's outtakes . </P> <P> The alto saxophone solo on the Boy Meets Girl version was provided in a session recording early in the career of Andy Snitzer who later found success as a solo artist . </P> <H2> Release and reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> Merrill and Rubicam decided to record the song themselves for their second album Reel Life . Released as a single on June 10 , 1988 , it became a hit in the United States , slowly climbing the charts and eventually reaching # 1 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary Chart . Released in the UK on November 30 , 1988 , the song reached # 9 in the UK charts during January 1989 , having entered the chart in December 1988 . It also reached # 35 on Australia 's ARIA Charts in April 1989 . </P> <P> The song was used as the closing track to the 1990 movie Three Men and a Little Lady , and the single was re-released as a movie tie - in , with a new picture sleeve featuring the actors of the film . It peaked at # 76 in the UK . </P> <P> The video game Grand Theft Auto IV included the song in the playlist for the in - game radio station Vice City FM . </P> <P> Johnny Loftus of AllMusic remarked that the song was `` just classic '' , and that `` the urgency as it drives toward its chorus is a clinic for durable songwriting . '' </P> <H2> Music video ( edit ) </H2> <P> The video for the song , directed by Australian director Claudia Castle , features scenes of Merrill and Rubicam singing it on a beach and inside a house . Also featured are scenes of a group of children playing with bubbles , including the couple 's young daughter Hilary . </P> <H2> Personnel ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> George Merrill : lead vocals , piano , synthesizer , bass guitar , drum programming </Li> <Li> John Goux : guitar </Li> <Li> Denny Fongheiser : drums </Li> <Li> Michael Jochum : additional drums </Li> <Li> Andy Snitzer : saxophone </Li> <Li> Shannon Rubicam , Susan Boyd : vocals </Li> <Li> Joe Mardin : `` Crowning Touch '' ( synthesizer ) </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Star to Fall '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Cabin Crew </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 2005 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> CD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Dance - pop , house </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Shannon Rubicam , George Merrill </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Covers and remixes ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song has been remixed several times , resulting each time in new interest in both the original and the Boy Meets Girl duo . The dance outfit Cabin Crew originally remixed the song as `` Star to Fall '' ( a.k.a. `` Star2Fall '' ) , but were refused use of sample of the original lyrics by SonyBMG . Liking what Cabin Crew had done , however , George Merrill agreed to re-record the vocals for their version , so it may actually be counted as more of a cover than a remix . Cabin Crew 's version made number 4 in the UK charts in March 2005 . Meanwhile , SonyBMG had Sunset Strippers remix the original track under the title `` Falling Stars , '' which was released a week after the Cabin Crew version , and made number 3 in the UK charts . This caused some confusion at the time , with two songs being released into the charts around the same time that sounded essentially the same . </P> <Ul> <Li> The track `` In My Arms '' by British electronic musician Mylo sampled the song and was featured on Mylo 's album Destroy Rock & Roll . His version also sampled Kim Carnes 's `` Bette Davis Eyes '' and made it to # 13 in the UK in 2005 . </Li> <Li> In 2007 , German hardstyle musician Dan Winter recorded a remix titled `` Carry Your Heart '' . </Li> <Li> In December 2013 , a folk cover of the song by Icelandic singer Yohanna surfaced on the Internet . </Li> <Li> In March 2014 , a folk cover of the song by English singer Diana Vickers surfaced on the Internet . </Li> <Li> In September 2017 , Australian singer George Maple interpolated the song as part of her single ' Hero ' </Li> </Ul> <H2> Charts ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1988 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canadian The Record Singles Chart </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Radio & Records CHR / Pop Airplay Chart </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Billboard Adult Contemporary </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australian ARIA Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 35 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Irish Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> German Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dutch Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 62 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1991 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 76 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1989 ) </Th> <Th> Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada Top Singles ( RPM ) </Td> <Td> 93 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Belinda Carlisle - Waiting for a Star To Fall . 2 March 2010 -- via YouTube . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Boy Meets Girl Chart History '' . billboard.com . Retrieved 6 December 2009 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Boy Meets Girl UK Chart History '' . chartstats.com . Archived from the original on 23 July 2012 . Retrieved 6 December 2009 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ VICE CITY FM : Boy Meets Girl - Waiting For A Star To Fall . 16 May 2010 -- via YouTube . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Johnny Loftus . `` Reel Life -- Boy Meets Girl -- Review '' . Allmusic . Retrieved March 5 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Boy Meets Girl - Waiting for a Star to Fall . 21 February 2014 -- via YouTube . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Boy Meets Girl - Reel Life LP ( lists song - by - song personnel ) @ Discogs.com Retrieved 7 - 11 - 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Dan Winter - Carry Your Heart '' . Discogs . Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 17 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Song `` Waiting For A Star To Fall '' `` . www.yohanna.de . Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 17 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jord C ( 2014 - 03 - 20 ) , Diana Vickers - Waiting For a Star to Fall , retrieved 2017 - 12 - 17 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-H02qzUofVo </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Canadian Singles Chart from Nanda Lwin ; Top 40 Hits : The Essential Chart Guide ( 2000 ) '' </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Waiting for a Star to Fall UK Top 40 database . Accessed : September 27 , 2009 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://wweb.uta.edu/faculty/gghunt/charts/bmg.html </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://wweb.uta.edu/faculty/gghunt/charts/Songruns/B/boymeetsgirlwaiting_for_a_star_to_fall.htm </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Top Singles - Volume 51 , No. 8 , December 23 , 1989 '' . RPM . December 23 , 1999 . Retrieved November 22 , 2017 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Full lyrics at Boy Meets Girl Music ( 2 ) </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` Giving You the Best That I Got '' by Anita Baker </Td> <Td> Billboard Adult Contemporary Chart number - one single December 17 , 1988 </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` Two Hearts '' by Phil Collins </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Boy Meets Girl </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> George Merrill </Li> <Li> Shannon Rubicam </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Boy Meets Girl </Li> <Li> Reel Life </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Singles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Waiting for a Star to Fall '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Record labels </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> A&M Records </Li> <Li> RCA Records </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Waiting_for_a_Star_to_Fall&oldid=838361576 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1988 singles </Li> <Li> 2005 singles </Li> <Li> Billboard Adult Contemporary number - one singles </Li> | The song "Waiting for a Star to Fall" by Boy Meets Girl was released in | [
"1988"
] | 302 | When boy meets girl waiting for a star to fall? |
4289442278067074619 | Skat ( card game ) - wikipedia <H1> Skat ( card game ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the German card game . For the American draw - and - discard card game , see Thirty - one ( game ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article 's lead section does not adequately summarize key points of its contents . Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article . Please discuss this issue on the article 's talk page . ( August 2014 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> Skat <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Die Skatpartie by Josef Wagner - Höhenberg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Origin </Th> <Td> Germany </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Trick - taking </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Players </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Skills required </Th> <Td> Hand evaluation , counting , cooperation </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cards </Th> <Td> 32 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Deck </Th> <Td> German or French </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Play </Th> <Td> Clockwise </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Card rank ( highest to lowest ) </Th> <Td> ( J ) A 10 KQ 9 8 7 AKQJ 10 9 8 7 ( only for Null - Games ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Playing time </Th> <Td> 3 - 5 minutes per hand played </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Random chance </Th> <Td> Low </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Related games </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Doppelkopf , Schafkopf , Sheepshead </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Skat ( German pronunciation : ( ˈskaːt ) ) is a 3 - player trick - taking card game devised in early 19th - century Germany . Along with Doppelkopf it is the most popular card game in Germany and Silesia . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Rules <Ul> <Li> 2.1 General principles </Li> <Li> 2.2 Deck </Li> <Li> 2.3 Dealing </Li> <Li> 2.4 Bidding <Ul> <Li> 2.4. 1 Game value <Ul> <Li> 2.4. 1.1 Suit game </Li> <Li> 2.4. 1.2 Grand game </Li> <Li> 2.4. 1.3 Null game </Li> <Li> 2.4. 1.4 Examples </Li> <Li> 2.4. 1.5 More examples </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.4. 2 Bidding mechanics <Ul> <Li> 2.4. 2.1 Order of bidding </Li> <Li> 2.4. 2.2 Possible calls </Li> <Li> 2.4. 2.3 Passing out </Li> <Li> 2.4. 2.4 Example auction </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.5 Declaring <Ul> <Li> 2.5. 1 Variants </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.6 Playing <Ul> <Li> 2.6. 1 Suit game </Li> <Li> 2.6. 2 Grand game </Li> <Li> 2.6. 3 Null game </Li> <Li> 2.6. 4 Conceding and claiming </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.7 Counting and scoring <Ul> <Li> 2.7. 1 Winning conditions for declarer <Ul> <Li> 2.7. 1.1 Overbid hands </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.7. 2 Scoring </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Game variants <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Ramsch </Li> <Li> 3.2 Two - player skat </Li> <Li> 3.3 Officer 's skat </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 North American skat <Ul> <Li> 4.1 The games in North American ( tournée ) skat </Li> <Li> 4.2 Scoring in North American ( tournée ) skat </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Organization of players </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> Skat was developed by the members of the Brommesche Tarok - Gesellschaft between 1810 and 1817 in Altenburg , in what is now the State of Thuringia , Germany , based on the three - player game of Tarock , also known as Tarot , and the four - player game of Schafkopf ( equivalent to the American game Sheepshead ) . It has become the most loved and widely played German card game , especially in German - speaking regions . In the earliest known form of the game , the player in the first seat was dealt twelve cards and the other two players ten each . He then made two discards , constituting the Skat , and announced a contract . But the main innovation of this new game was that of the bidding process . </P> <P> The first book on the rules of Skat was published in 1848 by a secondary school teacher J.F.L. Hempel . Nevertheless , the rules continued to differ from one region to another until the first attempt to set them in order was made by a congress of Skat players on 7 August 1886 in Altenburg . These were the first official rules finally published in a book form in 1888 by Theodor Thomas of Leipzig . The current rules , followed by both the ISPA and the German Skat Federation , date from Jan. 1 , 1999 . </P> <P> The word Skat is a Tarok term derived from the Latin word scarto , scartare , which means to discard or reject , and its derivative scatola , a box or a place for safe - keeping . The word scarto is still used in some other Italian card games to this day , and is not to be confused with the American game called scat </P> <H2> Rules ( edit ) </H2> <P> Note : Because of the many variations in the rules of Skat , the rules below are necessarily general , although rules not found in official German tournament play are marked as such . </P> <H3> General principles ( edit ) </H3> <P> Skat is a game for three players . At the beginning of each round , one player becomes declarer and the other two players become the defending team . The two defenders are not allowed to communicate in any way except by their choice of cards to play . The game can also be played by four players . In this case , the dealer will sit out the round that was dealt . </P> <P> A central aspect of the game are the three coexisting varieties called `` Suit '' , `` Grand '' and `` Null '' game , that differ in suit order , scoring and even overall goal to achieve . </P> <P> Each round of the game starts with a bidding phase to determine declarer and the required minimum Game Value ( explained below ) . Then , ten tricks are played , allowing players to take trick points . Each card has a face value ( except in Null games ) and is worth that number of points for the player winning the trick . The total face value of all cards is 120 points . Declarer 's goal is to take at least 61 points in tricks in order to win that round of the game . Otherwise , the defending team wins the round . Points from tricks are not directly added to the players ' overall score , they are used only to determine the outcome of the game ( win or loss for declarer ) , although winning by certain margins may increase the score for that round . </P> <P> After each round a score is awarded in accordance with the Game Value . If declarer wins he is awarded a positive score , if he loses the score is doubled and subtracted from declarer 's tally ( i.e. a negative score ) . </P> <H3> Deck ( edit ) </H3> Skat deck with tournament face <P> The French deck consists of 32 cards which are Ace , King , Queen , Jack , 10 , 9 , 8 and 7 in all four suits ( Clubs , Spades , Hearts and Diamonds ) . Some players in Eastern and Southern Germany and Austria prefer German decks with the suits of Acorns , Leaves , Hearts and Bells . The 32 cards in the German deck are Daus ( 2 ) , King , Ober , Unter , 10 , 9 , 8 , and 7 in all four suits . Until recently in Saxony and Thuringia , for example , German - suited decks were used almost exclusively . By contrast , regions of the former West Germany had adopted a French - suited ( ♣ ♠ ♥ ) deck ( of which the Anglo - American deck is a variant ) . </P> <P> Since German reunification , a compromise Turnierbild deck is used in tournaments that uses the shapes of the French suits but with corresponding German suit colors , notably green Spades ♠ and yellow Diamonds . The choice of deck does not affect the rules . </P> <H3> Dealing ( edit ) </H3> <P> At the beginning of each round each player is dealt ten cards , with the two remaining cards ( the so - called Skat ) being put face down in the middle of the table . Dealing follows this pattern : deal three cards each , then deal the Skat , then four cards each , then three cards again ( `` three -- Skat -- four -- three '' ) . In four - player rounds , the dealer does not receive any cards and skips actual play of the round . He or she may peek into the hand of one other player ( if allowed to do so ) but never into the Skat . </P> <P> Dealing rotates clockwise around the table , so that the player sitting to the left of the dealer will be dealer for the next round . </P> <H3> Bidding ( edit ) </H3> <P> After the cards have been dealt , and before the deal is played out , a bidding or auction ( German : Reizen ) is held to decide : </P> <Ul> <Li> Who will be declarer for the round , and thus eligible for picking up the Skat </Li> <Li> The minimum Game Value needed in order for declarer to win </Li> </Ul> <P> The goal for each player during the bidding is to bid a Game Value as high as his or her card holding would allow , but never higher than necessary to win the auction . How the actual Game Value is determined is explained in detail below and is necessary to understand in order to know how high one can safely bid . </P> <P> It is possible for a player to overbid , which leads to an automatic loss of the game in question . Often this does not become obvious before the player picks up the Skat , or even not before the end of the game in question ( in case of a Hand game , when the Skat is not picked up ) . Players have therefore to exercise careful scrutiny during bidding , as not to incur an unnecessary loss . </P> <P> The bidding may also give away some information about what cards a player may or may not hold . Experienced players will be able to use this to their advantage . </P> Game Value ( edit ) <P> The Game Value ( also called Hand Value ) ( German : Spielwert ) is what the game will be worth after all tricks have been played . It is determined not only by the 10 cards held , but also by the two - card Skat . The Skat always belongs to the declarer , and if it contains certain high cards this may change the Game Value . It is therefore not possible in general to determine the exact Game Value before knowing the Skat . </P> <P> The Game Value is determined by the type of the game and the Game Level as explained below for the Suit , Grand and Null games . </P> Suit game ( edit ) <P> In a Suit game ( German : Farbspiel ) , one of the four suits is the trump suit . </P> <P> Each suit has a Base Value , as follows : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> suit ( French deck ) </Th> <Th> suit ( German deck ) </Th> <Th> value </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Clubs ( German : Kreuz ) ( ♣ ) </Td> <Td> Acorns ( German : Eichel ) ( | The trick-taking card game name derived from Spanish for "man" is | [
"Skat"
] | 257 | Trick taking card game name derived from spanish for man? |
7110705857253017304 | </Td> <Td> Harold , Erika Erika Harold </Td> <Td> Illinois </Td> <Td> Urbana </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Classical vocal `` Habanera '' </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Sept. 20 , 2003 </Td> <Td> Dunlap , Ericka Ericka Dunlap </Td> <Td> Florida </Td> <Td> Orlando </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Vocal `` If I Could '' </Td> <Td> Finished in third place on The Amazing Race 15 with her then - husband , Brian Kleinschmidt </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> Sept. 18 , 2004 </Td> <Td> Downs , Deidre Deidre Downs </Td> <Td> Alabama </Td> <Td> Birmingham </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Vocal `` I 'm Afraid This Must Be Love '' </Td> <Td> Won Miss Alabama on her fifth try </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> Jan. 21 , 2006 </Td> <Td> Berry , Jennifer Jennifer Berry </Td> <Td> Oklahoma </Td> <Td> Tulsa </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> Preliminary Talent </Td> <Td> Ballet en Pointe `` Within '' </Td> <Td> Won Miss Oklahoma on her fifth try </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> Jan. 29 , 2007 </Td> <Td> Nelson , Lauren Lauren Nelson </Td> <Td> Lawton </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> Preliminary Lifestyle & Fitness </Td> <Td> Vocal `` You 'll Be in My Heart '' </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> Jan. 26 , 2008 </Td> <Td> Haglund , Kirsten Kirsten Haglund </Td> <Td> Michigan </Td> <Td> Farmington Hills </Td> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> Preliminary Lifestyle & Fitness </Td> <Td> Vocal `` Over the Rainbow '' </Td> <Td> Grandmother competed at Miss America as Miss Detroit </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 </Td> <Td> Jan. 24 , 2009 </Td> <Td> Stam , Katie Katie Stam </Td> <Td> Indiana </Td> <Td> Seymour </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> Preliminary Lifestyle & Fitness </Td> <Td> Vocal `` Via Dolorosa '' </Td> <Td> First Miss Indiana crowned </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Jan. 30 , 2010 </Td> <Td> Cameron , Caressa Caressa Cameron </Td> <Td> Virginia </Td> <Td> Fredericksburg </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> Preliminary Talent </Td> <Td> Vocal `` Listen '' from Dreamgirls </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> Jan. 15 , 2011 </Td> <Td> Scanlan , Teresa Teresa Scanlan </Td> <Td> Nebraska </Td> <Td> Gering </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> Preliminary Talent </Td> <Td> Piano `` White Water Chopped Sticks '' by Calvin Jones </Td> <Td> Youngest Miss America winner since 1933 First Miss Nebraska crowned </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> Jan. 14 , 2012 </Td> <Td> Kaeppeler , Laura Laura Kaeppeler </Td> <Td> Wisconsin </Td> <Td> Kenosha </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> Preliminary Talent </Td> <Td> Operatic vocal `` Il Bacio '' by Luigi Arditi </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 </Td> <Td> Jan. 12 , 2013 </Td> <Td> Hagan , Mallory Mallory Hagan </Td> <Td> New York </Td> <Td> Brooklyn </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Tap dance `` Get Up Offa That Thing '' by James Brown </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Sept. 15 , 2013 </Td> <Td> Davuluri , Nina Nina Davuluri </Td> <Td> Fayetteville </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Bollywood Fusion dance `` Dhoom Tana '' from the film Om Shanti Om </Td> <Td> First Indian American winner First to perform a Bollywood dance at Miss America pageant </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> Sept. 14 , 2014 </Td> <Td> Kazantsev , Kira Kira Kazantsev </Td> <Td> Manhattan </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Vocal with plastic cup percussion `` Happy '' by Pharrell Williams </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> Sept. 13 , 2015 </Td> <Td> Cantrell , Betty Betty Cantrell </Td> <Td> Georgia </Td> <Td> Warner Robins </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> Preliminary Talent </Td> <Td> Classical vocal `` Tu ? Tu ? Piccolo Iddio ! '' from Madama Butterfly </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> Sept. 11 , 2016 </Td> <Td> Savvy Shields </Td> <Td> Arkansas </Td> <Td> Fayetteville </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> Preliminary Talent </Td> <Td> Jazz dance , `` They Just Keep Moving the Line '' from the NBC show Smash </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2018 </Td> <Td> Sept. 10 , 2017 </Td> <Td> Cara Mund </Td> <Td> North Dakota </Td> <Td> Bismarck </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Jazz Dance , `` The Way You Make Me Feel '' by Michael Jackson </Td> <Td> First Miss North Dakota crowned </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Winners by state ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> State </Th> <Th> Number of Titles Won </Th> <Th> Year ( s ) Won </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss New York </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 1945 , 1976 , 1984 , 2013 , 2014 , 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss Oklahoma </Td> <Td> 1926 , 1967 , 1981 , 1996 , 2006 , 2007 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss California </Td> <Td> 1925 , 1941 , 1943 , 1946 , 1955 , 1983 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss Ohio </Td> <Td> 1922 , 1923 , 1938 , 1963 , 1972 , 1978 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss Michigan </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 1939 , 1961 , 1970 , 1988 , 2008 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss Illinois </Td> <Td> 1927 , 1969 , 1991 , 1998 , 2003 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss Pennsylvania </Td> <Td> 1924 , 1935 , 1936 , 1940 , 1954 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss Mississippi </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1959 , 1960 , 1980 , 1986 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss Arkansas </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1964 , 1982 , 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss Virginia </Td> <Td> 1979 , 1999 , 2010 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss Alabama </Td> <Td> 1951 , 1995 , 2005 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss Kansas </Td> <Td> 1966 , 1968 , 1997 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss Minnesota </Td> <Td> 1948 , 1977 , 1989 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss New Jersey </Td> <Td> 1932 , 1937 , 1984 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss Texas </Td> <Td> 1942 , 1971 , 1975 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss Colorado </Td> <Td> 1956 , 1958 , 1974 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss Georgia </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1953 , 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss Wisconsin </Td> <Td> 1973 , 2012 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss Florida </Td> <Td> 1993 , 2004 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss Hawaii </Td> <Td> 1992 , 2001 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss South Carolina </Td> <Td> 1957 , 1994 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss Tennessee </Td> <Td> 1947 , 1987 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss Utah </Td> <Td> 1952 , 1985 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss Arizona </Td> <Td> 1949 , 1965 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss District of Columbia </Td> <Td> 1921 , 1944 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss North Dakota </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss Nebraska </Td> <Td> 2011 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss Indiana </Td> <Td> 2009 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss Oregon </Td> <Td> 2002 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss Kentucky </Td> <Td> 2000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss Missouri </Td> <Td> 1990 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss North Carolina </Td> <Td> 1962 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miss Connecticut </Td> <Td> 1933 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Dl> <Dt> Notes </Dt> </Dl> <P> Competed as Miss Columbus , Ohio Competed as Miss Tulsa , Oklahoma Competed as Miss Philadelphia , Pennsylvania Competed as Miss Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania Competed as Miss Greater Camden , New Jersey Competed as Miss Bertrand Island , New Jersey Competed as Miss Memphis , Tennessee The initial 1984 winner was forced to resign and give her title seven weeks prior to the end of her reign </P> <P> There have been no Miss America winners from the following eighteen states and two U.S. territories : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Miss Alaska </Li> <Li> Miss Delaware </Li> <Li> Miss Idaho </Li> <Li> Miss Iowa </Li> <Li> Miss Louisiana </Li> <Li> Miss Maine </Li> <Li> Miss Maryland </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Miss Massachusetts </Li> <Li> Miss Montana </Li> <Li> Miss Nevada </Li> <Li> Miss New Hampshire </Li> <Li> Miss New Mexico </Li> <Li> Miss Puerto Rico </Li> <Li> Miss Rhode Island </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Miss South Dakota </Li> <Li> Miss Vermont </Li> <Li> Miss Virgin Islands </Li> <Li> Miss Washington </Li> <Li> Miss West Virginia </Li> <Li> Miss Wyoming </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ No `` Miss America 1950 '' was officially crowned . Since majority of titleholder 's reign occurs during year following coronation , the organization began referring to titleholder using upcoming year . </Li> </Ol> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ American Experience : Miss America </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Miss America : 1985 '' . Miss America . Archived from the original on June 5 , 2008 . Retrieved 2014 - 02 - 07 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://hubmesh.com/mark-steines-annoyed-that-his-divorce-with-wife-leanza-cornett-is-taking-so-long.html </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Miss America titleholders . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Miss America official website </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Miss America </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> 1921 </Li> <Li> 1922 </Li> <Li> 1923 </Li> <Li> 1924 </Li> <Li> 1925 </Li> <Li> 1926 </Li> <Li> 1927 </Li> <Li> 1928 </Li> <Li> 1929 </Li> <Li> 1930 </Li> <Li> 1931 </Li> <Li> 1932 </Li> <Li> 1933 </Li> <Li> 1934 </Li> <Li> 1935 </Li> <Li> 1936 </Li> <Li> 1937 </Li> <Li> 1938 </Li> <Li> 1939 </Li> <Li> 1940 </Li> <Li> 1941 </Li> <Li> 1942 </Li> <Li> 1943 </Li> <Li> 1944 </Li> <Li> 1945 </Li> <Li> 1946 </Li> <Li> 1947 </Li> <Li> 1948 </Li> <Li> 1949 </Li> <Li> 1950 </Li> <Li> 1951 </Li> <Li> 1952 </Li> <Li> 1953 </Li> <Li> 1954 </Li> <Li> 1955 </Li> <Li> 1956 </Li> <Li> 1957 </Li> <Li> 1958 </Li> <Li> 1959 </Li> <Li> 1960 </Li> <Li> 1961 </Li> <Li> 1962 </Li> <Li> 1963 </Li> <Li> 1964 </Li> <Li> 1965 </Li> <Li> 1966 </Li> <Li> 1967 </Li> <Li> 1968 </Li> <Li> 1969 </Li> <Li> 1970 </Li> <Li> 1971 </Li> <Li> 1972 </Li> <Li> 1973 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1976 </Li> <Li> 1977 </Li> <Li> 1978 </Li> <Li> 1979 </Li> <Li> 1980 </Li> <Li> 1981 </Li> <Li> 1982 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1984 </Li> <Li> 1985 </Li> <Li> 1986 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1988 </Li> <Li> 1989 </Li> <Li> 1990 </Li> <Li> 1991 </Li> <Li> 1992 </Li> <Li> 1993 </Li> <Li> 1994 </Li> <Li> 1995 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 1997 </Li> <Li> 1998 </Li> <Li> 1999 </Li> <Li> 2000 </Li> <Li> 2001 </Li> <Li> 2002 </Li> <Li> 2003 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 2005 </Li> <Li> 2006 </Li> <Li> 2007 </Li> <Li> 2008 </Li> <Li> 2009 </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> 2011 </Li> <Li> 2012 </Li> <Li> 2013 </Li> <Li> 2014 </Li> <Li> 2015 </Li> <Li> 2016 </Li> <Li> 2017 </Li> <Li> 2018 </Li> <Li> 2019 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Titleholders </Li> <Li> Award winners </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Outstanding Teen </Li> <Li> MAOT State pageants </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Miss America state pageants </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Alabama </Li> <Li> Alaska </Li> <Li> Arizona </Li> <Li> Arkansas </Li> <Li> California </Li> <Li> Colorado </Li> <Li> Connecticut </Li> <Li> Delaware </Li> <Li> District of Columbia </Li> <Li> Florida </Li> <Li> Georgia </Li> <Li> Hawaii </Li> <Li> Idaho </Li> <Li> Illinois </Li> <Li> Indiana </Li> <Li> Iowa </Li> <Li> Kansas </Li> <Li> Kentucky </Li> <Li> Louisiana </Li> <Li> Maine </Li> <Li> Maryland </Li> <Li> Massachusetts </Li> <Li> Michigan </Li> <Li> Minnesota </Li> <Li> Mississippi </Li> <Li> Missouri </Li> <Li> Montana </Li> <Li> Nebraska </Li> <Li> Nevada </Li> <Li> New Hampshire </Li> <Li> New Jersey </Li> <Li> New Mexico </Li> <Li> New York </Li> <Li> North Carolina </Li> <Li> North Dakota </Li> <Li> Ohio </Li> <Li> Oklahoma </Li> <Li> Oregon </Li> <Li> Pennsylvania </Li> <Li> Puerto Rico </Li> <Li> Rhode Island </Li> <Li> South Carolina </Li> <Li> South | The last time Miss Texas won Miss America was in | [
"1975"
] | 5,107 | When was the last time miss texas won miss america? |
-3653614166480549899 | you ! -- drives up and sees a mob around that studio , he will never come in . '' On the same night , Quincy Jones ' associate producer and vocal arranger , Tom Bahler , was given the task of matching each solo line with the right voice . Bahler stated , `` It 's like vocal arranging in a perfect world . '' Jones disagreed , stating that the task was like `` putting a watermelon in a Coke bottle '' . The following evening , Lionel Richie held a `` choreography '' session at his home , where it was decided who would stand where . </P> <P> The final night of recording was held on January 28 , 1985 , at A&M Recording Studios in Hollywood . Michael Jackson arrived at 9 pm , earlier than the other artists , to record his solo section and record a vocal chorus by himself . He was subsequently joined in the recording studio by the remaining USA for Africa artists , who included Ray Charles , Billy Joel , Diana Ross , Cyndi Lauper , Bruce Springsteen , and Smokey Robinson . Also in attendance were five of Jackson 's siblings : Jackie , La Toya , Marlon , Randy , and Tito . Many of the participants came straight from an American Music Award ceremony , which had been held that same night . Invited musician Prince , who would have had a part in which he and Michael Jackson sang to each other , did not attend the recording session . The reason given for his absence has varied . One newspaper claimed that the singer did not want to record with other acts . Another report , from the time of `` We Are the World '' 's recording , suggested that the musician did not want to partake in the session because organizer Bob Geldof called him a `` creep '' . Prince did , however , donate an exclusive track , `` 4 The Tears In Your Eyes '' , for the We Are the World album . In all , more than 45 of America 's top musicians participated in the recording , and another 50 had to be turned away . Upon entering the recording studio , the musicians were greeted by a sign pinned to the door which read , `` Please check your egos at the door . '' They were also greeted by Stevie Wonder , who proclaimed that if the recording was not completed in one take , he and Ray Charles , two blind men , would drive everybody home . </P> I think what 's happening in Africa is a crime of historic proportions ... You walk into one of the corrugated iron huts and you see meningitis and malaria and typhoid buzzing around the air . And you see dead bodies lying side by side with the live ones . In some of the camps you see 15 bags of flour for 27,000 people . And I assume that 's why we 're all here tonight . Bob Geldof , addressing his fellow USA for Africa musicians during one of the recording session of `` We Are the World '' on January 28 , 1985 . <P> Each of the performers took their position at around 10 : 30 pm and began to sing . Several hours passed before Stevie Wonder announced that he would like to substitute a line in Swahili for the `` sha - lum sha - lin - gay '' sound . At this point , Waylon Jennings left the recording studio for a short time when it was suggested by some that the song be sung in Swahili . A heated debate ensued , in which several artists also rejected the suggestion . The `` sha - lum sha - lin - gay '' sound ran into opposition as well and was subsequently removed from the song . Jennings returned to the studio and participated in the recording , which bears his name in the end credits . The participants eventually decided to sing something meaningful in English . They chose to sing the new line `` One world , Our children '' , which most of the participants enjoyed . </P> <P> In the early hours of the morning , two Ethiopian women , guests of Stevie Wonder , were brought into the recording studio -- it had been decided that a portion of the proceeds raised would be used to bring aid to those affected by the recent famine in Ethiopia . They thanked the singers on behalf of their country , bringing several artists to tears , before being led from the room . Wonder attempted to lighten the mood , by joking that the recording session gave him a chance to `` see '' fellow blind musician Ray Charles . `` We just sort of bumped into each other ! '' The solo parts of the song were recorded without any problems . The final version of `` We Are the World '' was completed at 8 am . </P> <H2> Music and vocal arrangements ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` We Are the World '' The structuring of `` We Are the World '' is said to `` create a sense of continuous surprise and emotional buildup '' . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Problems playing this file ? See media help . </Td> </Tr> </Table> Stevie Wonder was a featured soloist . <P> `` We Are the World '' is sung from a first person viewpoint , allowing the audience to `` internalize '' the message by singing the word we together . It has been described as `` an appeal to human compassion '' . The first lines in the song 's repetitive chorus proclaim , `` We are the world , we are the children , we are the ones who make a brighter day , so let 's start giving '' . `` We Are the World '' opens with Lionel Richie , Stevie Wonder , Paul Simon , Kenny Rogers , James Ingram , Tina Turner , and Billy Joel singing the first verse . Michael Jackson and Diana Ross follow , completing the first chorus together . Dionne Warwick , Willie Nelson , and Al Jarreau sing the second verse , before Bruce Springsteen , Kenny Loggins , Steve Perry , and Daryl Hall go through the second chorus . Co-writer Jackson , Huey Lewis , Cyndi Lauper , and Kim Carnes follow with the song 's bridge . This structuring of the song is said to `` create a sense of continuous surprise and emotional buildup '' . `` We Are the World '' concludes with Bob Dylan and Ray Charles singing a full chorus , Wonder and Springsteen duetting , and ad libs from Charles and Ingram . </P> <H2> USA for Africa musicians ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Conductor </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Quincy Jones </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Soloists ( in order of appearance ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lionel Richie </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Stevie Wonder </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Paul Simon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kenny Rogers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> James Ingram </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tina Turner </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Billy Joel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Michael Jackson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Diana Ross </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dionne Warwick </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Willie Nelson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Al Jarreau </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bruce Springsteen </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kenny Loggins </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Steve Perry </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Daryl Hall </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Huey Lewis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cyndi Lauper </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kim Carnes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bob Dylan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ray Charles </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chorus ( alphabetically ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dan Aykroyd </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Harry Belafonte </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lindsey Buckingham </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mario Cipollina </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Johnny Colla </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sheila E . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bob Geldof </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bill Gibson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chris Hayes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sean Hopper </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jackie Jackson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> La Toya Jackson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Marlon Jackson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Randy Jackson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tito Jackson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Waylon Jennings </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bette Midler </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> John Oates </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jeffrey Osborne </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Pointer Sisters </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Smokey Robinson </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Instrument players </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> David Paich -- synthesizers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Michael Boddicker -- synthesizers , programming </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Paulinho da Costa -- percussion </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Phil Collins -- percussion </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Louis Johnson -- synth bass </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Michael Omartian -- keyboards </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Greg Phillinganes -- keyboards </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> John Robinson -- drums </Td> </Tr> </Table> Bob Geldof sang as part of the chorus . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Release and reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> On March 8 , 1985 , `` We Are the World '' was released as a single , in both 7 '' and 12 '' format . The song was the only one released from the We Are the World album and became a chart success around the world . In the US , it was a number one hit on the R&B singles chart , the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart and the Billboard Hot 100 , where it remained for a month . The single had initially debuted at number 21 on the Hot 100 , the highest entry since Michael Jackson 's `` Thriller '' entered the charts at number 20 the year before . It took four weeks for the song to claim the number one spot -- half the time a single would normally have taken to reach its charting peak . On the Hot 100 , the song moved from 21 to 5 to 2 and then number 1 . `` We Are the World '' might have reached the top of the Hot 100 chart sooner , if it were not for the success of Phil Collins ' `` One More Night '' , which received a significant level of support from both pop and rock listeners . `` We Are the World '' also entered Billboard 's Top Rock Tracks and Hot Country Singles charts , where it peaked at numbers 27 and 76 respectively . The song became the first single since The Beatles ' `` Let It Be '' to enter Billboard 's Top 5 within two weeks of release . Outside of the US , the single reached number one in Australia , France , Ireland , Italy , New Zealand , The Netherlands , Norway , Sweden , Switzerland and the UK . The song peaked at number 2 in only two countries : Germany and Austria . </P> <P> The single was also a commercial success : the initial shipment of 800,000 `` We Are the World '' records sold out within three days of release . The record became the fastest - selling American pop single in history . At one Tower Records store on Sunset Boulevard in West Hollywood , 1,000 copies of the song were sold in two days . Store worker Richard Petitpas commented , `` A number one single sells about 100 to 125 copies a week . This is absolutely unheard of . '' By the end of 1985 , `` We Are the World '' had become the best selling single of the year . Five years later it was revealed that the song had become the biggest single of the 1980s . `` We Are the World '' was eventually cited as the biggest selling single in both US and pop music history . The song | The first line of "We Are the World" was sung by | [
"Lionel Richie"
] | 3,190 | Who sang first line of we are the world? |
-6284503594240226071 | History of Maryland - wikipedia <H1> History of Maryland </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( March 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> The flag of Maryland <P> The recorded history of Maryland dates back to when Europeans began exploring the area , starting with the Italian / Venetian John Cabot ( c. 1450 -- c. 1500 ) , exploring the coast of the continent of North America for England in 1498 . The first European settlements were made in 1634 , when the English arrived in significant numbers and created a permanent colony . Maryland was notable for having been established with religious freedom for Roman Catholics . Like other colonies of the Chesapeake Bay , its economy was based on tobacco as a commodity crop , cultivated primarily by African slave labor , although many young people came from Britain as indentured servants in the early years . </P> <P> In 1778 , during the American Revolutionary War ( 1775 -- 1783 ) , Maryland became the seventh state admitted to the United States by ratification of the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union . After the war , numerous planters freed their slaves as the economy changed . Baltimore grew to become one of the largest cities on the eastern seaboard , and a major economic force in the country . Although Maryland was still a slave state in the 1860s , by that time nearly half the African American population was already free , due mostly to manumissions after the American Revolution . Maryland was among the four divided border states that officially remained in the Union during the American Civil War ( 1861 -- 1865 ) , although large numbers of Marylanders `` went south '' to fight for the rebelling / seceded Confederacy . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Pre-colonial history </Li> <Li> 2 Early European exploration </Li> <Li> 3 Colonial Maryland <Ul> <Li> 3.1 City planning </Li> <Li> 3.2 Mason -- Dixon Line </Li> <Li> 3.3 Horse racing and gentry values </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 The Revolutionary period </Li> <Li> 5 Maryland , 1789 -- 1849 <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Quasi-war with France </Li> <Li> 5.2 The War of 1812 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Economic development <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Transportation initiatives </Li> <Li> 6.2 Industrial Revolution </Li> <Li> 6.3 Educational institutions </Li> <Li> 6.4 Immigration and religion </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Maryland in the Civil War <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Maryland 's mixed sympathies </Li> <Li> 7.2 The war on Maryland soil </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 1865 -- 1920 <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Post-Civil War political developments </Li> <Li> 8.2 Progressive era reforms </Li> <Li> 8.3 Great Baltimore Fire </Li> <Li> 8.4 The World War I era </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Maryland in the 20th century <Ul> <Li> 9.1 The Ritchie administration </Li> <Li> 9.2 The Great Depression , World War II , and aftermath </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 References </Li> <Li> 12 Further reading <Ul> <Li> 12.1 Surveys </Li> <Li> 12.2 Colonial to 1860 </Li> <Li> 12.3 Since 1860 </Li> <Li> 12.4 Primary sources </Li> <Li> 12.5 Online essays </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 13 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Pre-colonial history ( edit ) </H2> See also : Pre-Colonial America <Table> <Tr> <Th> History of Maryland </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> By year </Li> <Li> Pre-statehood </Li> <Li> American Revolution </Li> <Li> U.S. Civil War </Li> <Li> Post-Civil War </Li> <Li> Topics : Maritime history </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Maryland portal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> It appears that the first humans to arrive in the area that would become Maryland appeared around the 10th millennium BC , about the time that the last ice age ended . They were hunter - gatherers organized into semi-nomadic bands . They adapted as the region 's environment changed , developing the spear for hunting as smaller animals , like deer , became more prevalent , and by about 1500 BC oysters had become an important food resource in the region . With the increased variety of food sources , Native American villages and settlements started appearing and their social structures increased in complexity . By about 1000 BC pottery was being produced . With the eventual rise of agriculture more permanent Native - American villages were built . But even with the advent of farming , hunting and fishing were still important means of obtaining food . The bow and arrow were first used for hunting in the area around the year 800 . They ate what they could kill , grow or catch in the rivers and other waterways . </P> Some of the historical Native languages of Maryland <P> By 1000 CE , there were about 8,000 Native Americans , all Algonquian - speaking , living in what is now the state , in 40 different villages . By the 17th century , the state was populated by a mix of Iroquoian & Algonquian peoples . These were the Susquehannocks ( west of the Delaware River ) , the Tuscarora & Tockwogh ( On the Delmarva Peninsula between the Delaware & Indian Rivers ) , the Piscataway ( surrounding the Potomac River from Washington D.C. south ) & the Nanticoke ( Delmarva Peninsula , south of the Indian River ) . John Smith labelled the Tuscarora as the Kuskarawock on an early map from 1606 , but they shortly thereafter moved west to join the Meherrin & Nottoway in Virginia . Meanwhile , the Tockwogh may have moved to New York and / or been given refuge by the Susquehannock . They are noted as the Akhrakovaetonon & Trakwaerronnons , which seems similar to Tockwogh . They were extinct as a people by the end of the 17th century , however . </P> <P> The following Piscataway tribes lived on the eastern bank of the Potomac , from south to north : Yaocomicoes , Chopticans , Nanjemoys , Potopacs , Mattawomans , Piscataways , Patuxents , and Nacotchtanks . The area in which the Nacotchtank lived is now the District of Columbia . On the west bank of the Potomac river in what is now Virginia were the related tribes of the Patawomeck and the Doeg . Further west in the Appalachian Mountains , the Shawnee lived near Oldtown at a site abandoned around 1731 . On the Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake , from south to north , there were the Nanticoke tribes : Annemessex , Assateagues , Wicomicoes , Nanticokes , Chicacone , and , on the north bank of the Choptank River , the Choptanks . The Tockwogh tribe lived near the headwaters of the Chesapeake near what is now Delaware . They were driven further north by enemies and eventually broke apart , with some staying in the region , others merging with the Nanticoke & others , known as the Conoy , migrated west into West Virginia . Some show up around the end of the 18th century at Fort Detroit in Michigan . </P> <P> When Europeans began to settle in Maryland in the early 17th century , the main tribes included the Nanticoke on the Eastern Shore , and the Iroquoian speaking Susquehannock . Early exposure to new European diseases brought widespread fatalities to the Native Americans , as they had no immunity to them . Communities were disrupted by such losses . Furthermore , The Susquehannock , already incorrectly considered savages and cannibals by the first Spanish explorers , made massive moves to control local trade with the first Swedish , Dutch and English settlers of the Chesapeake Bay region . As the century wore on , the Susquehannock would be caught up in the Beaver Wars , a war with the neighboring Lenape , a war with the Dutch , a war with the English , and a series of wars with the colonial government of Maryland . Due to colonial land claims , the exact territory of the Susquehannock was originally limited to the territory immediately surrounding the Susquehanna River , however archaeology has discovered settlements of theirs dating to the 14th and 15th centuries around the Maryland - West Virginia border , and beyond . It could generally be assumed that most of Maryland 's southern border is based on the borders of their own land . All of these wars , coupled with disease , destroyed the tribe and the last of their people were offered refuge from the Iroquois Confederacy to the north shortly thereafter . </P> <P> The closest living language to them are the languages of the Mohawk & Tuscarora Iroquois , who once lived immediately north and south of them . The English and Dutch came to call them the Minqua , from Lenape , which breaks into min - kwe & translates to `` as a woman . '' As to when they arrived , some early records detailing their oral history seem to point to the fact that they descended from an Iroquoian group who conquered Ohio centuries before , but were pushed back east again by Siouan and Algonquin enemies . They also conquered and absorbed other unknown groups in the process , which probably explains how languages like Tuscarora came to be so completely divergent from other Iroquoian languages . It also appears possible that the word `` Iroquois '' actually derived from their language . </P> <P> The Nanticoke seem to have been largely confined to Indian Towns , but were later relocated to New York in 1778 . Afterwards , they dissolved , with groups joining the Iroquois & Lenape . </P> <P> Also , as Susquehannocks began to abandon much of their western-most territory due to their own hardships , a group of Powhatan split off , becoming known as the Shawnee and migrated into the western regions of Maryland & Pennsylvania briefly before moving on . At the time , they were relatively small , but they eventually made the Ohio River , migrating all the way into Ohio and merged with other nations there to become the powerful , military force that they were known to be during the 18th & 19th centuries . </P> <H2> Early European exploration ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1498 the first European explorers sailed along the Eastern Shore , off present - day Worcester County . In 1524 Giovanni da Verrazzano , sailing under the French flag , passed the mouth of Chesapeake Bay . In 1608 John Smith entered the bay and explored it extensively . His maps still exist today , and although technically crude they are surprisingly accurate given the technology of those times ( the maps are ornate but crude by modern technical standards ) . </P> <P> The region was depicted in a map by Estêvão Gomes and Diego Gutiérrez , made in 1562 , in the context of the Spanish Ajacán Mission of the sixteenth century . </P> <H2> Colonial Maryland ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Province of Maryland Map of the Maryland colony The Founding of Maryland , 1634 . Colonists depicted meeting Native Americans in St. Mary 's City , Maryland , the site of Maryland 's first colonial settlement . The painting represents the main traditionally held elements of Maryland 's centuries old founding narrative . The presentation is a mythic depiction and is an assembly of traditional tales about Maryland 's founding . The painting is an iconographic artists representation of a meeting between the new colonists and the people of the Yaocomico branch of the Piscatawy Indian Nation . Father Andrew White , a Jesuit missionary , is believed to be on the left ; other elements may be as follows : in front of him Leonard Calvert , the colonists ' leader and the son of the first Lord | The colony of Maryland was formed and first settled by | [
"the English"
] | 127 | Who formed and first came to the colony of maryland? |
-5619449023065425861 | Cammie King - wikipedia <H1> Cammie King </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Cammie King </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> As `` Bonnie Blue Butler '' in Gone With the Wind ( 1939 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Eleanore Cammack King ( 1934 - 08 - 05 ) August 5 , 1934 Los Angeles , California , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> September 1 , 2010 ( 2010 - 09 - 01 ) ( aged 76 ) Fort Bragg , California , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cause of death </Th> <Td> Lung cancer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Resting place </Th> <Td> Holy Cross Cemetery , Culver City </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Actress </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1939 -- 1942 </Td> </Tr> </Table> Clark Gable and Cammie King in Gone With the Wind ( 1939 ) <P> Eleanore Cammack `` Cammie '' King ( August 5 , 1934 -- September 1 , 2010 ) was an American child actress . She is best known for her portrayal of `` Bonnie Blue Butler '' in Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) . She also provided the voice for the doe `` Faline '' as a fawn in the animated Disney film , Bambi ( 1942 ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Life and career </Li> <Li> 2 Filmography </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Life and career ( edit ) </H2> <P> King was born in Los Angeles , California to Winfred Cammack King ( 1898 - 1966 ) and Eleanore `` Helen '' Brodie ( 1905 - 1990 ) . While her acting career only spanned four years during her childhood , she appeared in two of the biggest movies of the era , Gone with the Wind and Bambi . </P> <P> Her parents divorced a few years after the filming of Gone With the Wind . Her mother , Eleanore , was a columnist for the Los Angeles Examiner . She was the godchild of Herbert Kalmus , co-founder of Technicolor , and became his stepchild in 1949 when he married her mother . </P> <P> King graduated from USC with a bachelor 's degree in communications in 1956 and went to work as a production assistant on Climax ! , a CBS - TV anthology series . </P> <P> She married Walter `` Ned '' Pollock in 1957 . Together they adopted two children , Matthew and Katharine . Pollock died of cancer in 1968 . She then married Michael W Conlon in 1971 , and he adopted her two children . She and Conlon divorced in 1975 . Her father - in - law from her second marriage , Judd Conlon , was a musical arranger for many Disney films including Alice in Wonderland ( 1951 ) and Peter Pan ( 1953 ) . </P> <P> In 1980 , she moved to Northern California and had a long public - relations career that included working for the Mendocino Coast Chamber of Commerce . In the early 2000s , King made a guest appearance as a contestant on the TV game show To Tell the Truth , hosted by John O'Hurley . Upon reflecting on her film career , King once joked , `` I peaked at 5 . '' She spent 40 years working as a marketing coordinator for the Fort Bragg - Mendocino Coast Chamber of Commerce . </P> <P> King privately published a small book Bonnie Blue Butler : A Gone With the Wind Memoir in 2009 , mainly selling copies directly to fans via personal appearances and the internet . King died on September 1 , 2010 , at her home in Fort Bragg , California , at age 76 , from lung cancer , survived by her two children Matthew Ned Conlon of Chicago and Katie Conlon Byrne of Hawaii . </P> <H2> Filmography ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> 1939 : Blondie Meets the Boss -- Millie ( uncredited ) </Li> <Li> 1939 : Gone with the Wind -- Bonnie Butler </Li> <Li> 1942 : Bambi -- Young Faline ( uncredited ) </Li> <Li> 2010 : Change in the Wind -- Herself - Narrator ( voice ) ( final film role ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Ancestry.com . Various records on her family and marriages . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : September 03 , 2010 By Valerie J. Nelson , Los Angeles Times </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Boone , Christine ( 2010 - 09 - 02 ) . `` Actress who played Rhett and Scarlett 's daughter dies '' . The Atlanta Journal - Constitution . Archived from the original on 2010 - 09 - 07 . Retrieved 2010 - 09 - 02 . Conlon , who married twice and had two children , eventually settled north of San Francisco , working as a marketing coordinator for the Fort Bragg - Mendocino Coast Chamber of Commerce . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Soares , Andre ( 2010 - 09 - 02 ) . `` Cammie King Dies : Played Clark Gable and Vivien Leigh 's Daughter in GONE WITH THE WIND '' . Alt Film Guide . Retrieved 2010 - 09 - 02 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Biography portal </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Cammie King on IMDb </Li> <Li> Cammie King at Find a Grave </Li> <Li> Cammie King Conlon obituary </Li> <Li> Obituary : Cammie King Conlon dies at 76 ; actress played Bonnie Blue Butler in ' Gone With the Wind ' - latimes.com </Li> <Li> Interview , biography and photos </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> VIAF : 102986670 </Li> <Li> LCCN : no2009174318 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cammie_King&oldid=809040160 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1934 births </Li> <Li> 2010 deaths </Li> <Li> American child actresses </Li> <Li> Actresses from Los Angeles </Li> <Li> Deaths from lung cancer </Li> <Li> Deaths from cancer in California </Li> <Li> Burials at Holy Cross Cemetery , Culver City </Li> <Li> 20th - century American actresses </Li> <Li> People from Fort Bragg , California </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with hCards </Li> <Li> All articles with unsourced statements </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from September 2010 </Li> <Li> Find a Grave template with ID same as Wikidata </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers </Li> <Li> Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Latina </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> Simple English </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 6 November 2017 , at 19 : 47 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> | Rhett Butler's daughter in Gone with the Wind is | [
"Eleanore Cammack \"Cammie\" King"
] | 151 | Rhett butler's daughter in gone with the wind? |
4829683075369336935 | FA Cup - wikipedia <H1> FA Cup </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see FA Cup ( disambiguation ) . <P> </P> <Table> FA Cup <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Organising body </Th> <Td> The Football Association </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founded </Th> <Td> 1871 ; 147 years ago ( 1871 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Region </Th> <Td> England Wales </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Number of teams </Th> <Td> 737 ( 2017 -- 18 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Qualifier for </Th> <Td> UEFA Europa League </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Domestic cup ( s ) </Th> <Td> FA Community Shield </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Current champions </Th> <Td> Arsenal ( 13th ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Most successful club ( s ) </Th> <Td> Arsenal ( 13 titles ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Television broadcasters </Th> <Td> BBC BT Sport </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> FA Cup </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> 2017 -- 18 FA Cup </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The FA Cup , known officially as The Football Association Challenge Cup , is an annual knockout football competition in men 's domestic English football . First played during the 1871 -- 72 season , it is one of the oldest association football competitions in the world . It is organised by and named after The Football Association ( The FA ) . For sponsorship reasons , from 2015 through to 2018 it is also known as The Emirates FA Cup . A concurrent women 's tournament is also held , the FA Women 's Cup . </P> <P> The competition is open to any eligible club down to Level 10 of the English football league system -- all 92 professional clubs in the Premier League ( Level 1 ) and the English Football League ( Levels 2 to 4 ) , and several hundred `` non-league '' teams in Steps 1 to 6 of the National League System ( Levels 5 to 10 ) . A record 763 clubs competed in 2011 -- 12 . The tournament consists of 12 randomly drawn rounds followed by the semi-finals and the final . Entrants are not seeded , although a system of byes based on league level ensures higher ranked teams enter in later rounds -- the minimum number of games needed to win the competition ranges from six to fourteen . </P> <P> The first six rounds are the Qualifying Competition , from which 32 teams progress to the first round of the Competition Proper , meeting the first of the 48 professional teams from Leagues One and Two . The last entrants are the Premier League and Championship clubs , into the draw for the Third Round Proper . In the modern era , only one non-league team has ever reached the quarter - finals , and teams below Level 2 have never reached the final . As a result , as well as who wins , significant focus is given to those `` minnows '' ( smaller teams ) who progress furthest , especially if they achieve an unlikely `` giant - killing '' victory . </P> <P> Winners receive the FA Cup trophy , of which there have been two designs and five actual cups ; the latest is a 2014 replica of the second design , introduced in 1911 . Winners also qualify for the Europa League and a place in the FA Community Shield match . Arsenal are the current holders , having beaten Chelsea 2 -- 1 in the 2017 final to win the cup for the 13th time in their history and become the tournament 's most successful club . Arsenal 's Arsène Wenger is the most successful manager in the competition with seven finals won . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Eligibility </Li> <Li> 3 Competition format <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Overview </Li> <Li> 3.2 Schedule </Li> <Li> 3.3 The draw </Li> <Li> 3.4 Tiebreaking </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Qualification for subsequent competitions <Ul> <Li> 4.1 European football </Li> <Li> 4.2 FA Community Shield </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Venues <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Competition rounds </Li> <Li> 5.2 Semi-finals </Li> <Li> 5.3 Final </Li> <Li> 5.4 Artificial turf </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Trophy <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Original design <Ul> <Li> 6.1. 1 1871 original </Li> <Li> 6.1. 2 1895 replica </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6.2 Current design <Ul> <Li> 6.2. 1 1911 original </Li> <Li> 6.2. 2 1992 replica </Li> <Li> 6.2. 3 2014 replica </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Medals </Li> <Li> 8 Sponsorship </Li> <Li> 9 Records and statistics <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Final <Ul> <Li> 9.1. 1 Team </Li> <Li> 9.1. 2 Individual </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9.2 All rounds </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 Cup runs and giant killings <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Early years </Li> <Li> 10.2 Non-league giant killings </Li> <Li> 10.3 Non-league cup runs </Li> <Li> 10.4 Giant killings between league clubs </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Winners and finalists <Ul> <Li> 11.1 Consecutive winners </Li> <Li> 11.2 Winning managers </Li> <Li> 11.3 Doubles / Trebles </Li> <Li> 11.4 Outside England </Li> <Li> 11.5 Outside the top division </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 12 Media coverage <Ul> <Li> 12.1 Domestic broadcasters </Li> <Li> 12.2 Overseas broadcasters </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 13 References <Ul> <Li> 13.1 Notes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> See also : History of the FA Cup Harry Hampton scores one of his two goals in the 1905 FA Cup Final where Aston Villa defeated Newcastle United <P> In 1863 , the newly founded Football Association ( the FA ) published the Laws of the Game of Association Football , unifying the various different rules in use before then . On 20 July 1871 , in the offices of The Sportsman newspaper , the FA Secretary C.W. Alcock proposed to the FA committee that `` it is desirable that a Challenge Cup should be established in connection with the Association for which all clubs belonging to the Association should be invited to compete '' . The inaugural FA Cup tournament kicked off in November 1871 . After thirteen games in all , Wanderers were crowned the winners in the final , on 16 March 1872 . Wanderers retained the trophy the following year . The modern cup was beginning to be established by the 1888 -- 89 season , when qualifying rounds were introduced . </P> <P> Following the 1914 -- 15 edition , the competition was suspended due to the First World War , and did not resume until 1919 -- 20 . The 1922 -- 23 competition saw the first final to be played in the newly opened Wembley Stadium ( known at the time as the Empire Stadium ) . Due to the outbreak of World War II , the competition was not played between the 1938 -- 39 and 1945 -- 46 editions . Due to the wartime breaks , the competition did not celebrate its centenary year until 1980 -- 81 ; fittingly the final featured a goal by Ricky Villa which was later voted the greatest goal ever scored at Wembley Stadium , but has since been replaced by Steven Gerrard . </P> <P> Having previously featured replays , the modern day practice of ensuring the semi-final and final matches finish on the day , was introduced from 2000 onwards . Redevelopment of Wembley saw the final played outside of England for the first time , the 2001 -- 2006 finals being played at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff . The final returned to Wembley in 2007 , followed by the semi-finals from 2008 . </P> <H2> Eligibility ( edit ) </H2> <P> The competition is open to any club down to Level 10 of the English football league system which meets the eligibility criteria . All clubs in the top four levels ( the Premier League and the three divisions of the Football League ) are automatically eligible . Clubs in the next six levels ( non-league football ) are also eligible provided they have played in either the FA Cup , FA Trophy or FA Vase competitions in the previous season . Newly formed clubs , such as F.C. United of Manchester in 2005 -- 06 and also 2006 -- 07 , may not therefore play in the FA Cup in their first season . All clubs entering the competition must also have a suitable stadium . </P> <P> It is very rare for top clubs to miss the competition , although it can happen in exceptional circumstances . Manchester United did not defend their title in 1999 -- 2000 , as they were already in the inaugural Club World Championship . The club stated that entering both tournaments would overload their fixture schedule and make it more difficult to defend their Champions League and Premier League titles . The club claimed that they did not want to devalue the FA Cup by fielding a weaker side . The move benefited United as they received a two - week break and won the 1999 -- 2000 league title by an 18 - point margin , although they did not progress past the group stage of the Club World Championship . The withdrawal from the FA Cup , however , drew considerable criticism as this weakened the tournament 's prestige and Sir Alex Ferguson later admitted his regret regarding their handling of the situation . </P> <P> Welsh sides that play in English leagues are eligible , although since the creation of the League of Wales there are only six clubs remaining : Cardiff City ( the only non-English team to win the tournament , in 1927 ) , Swansea City , Newport County , Wrexham , Merthyr Town and Colwyn Bay . In the early years other teams from Wales , Ireland and Scotland also took part in the competition , with Glasgow side Queen 's Park losing the final to Blackburn Rovers in 1884 and 1885 before being barred from entering by the Scottish Football Association . In the 2013 -- 14 season the first Channel Island club entered the competition when Guernsey F.C. competed for the first time . </P> <P> The number of entrants has increased greatly in recent years . In the 2004 -- 05 season , 660 clubs entered the competition , beating the long - standing record of 656 from the 1921 -- 22 season . In 2005 -- 06 this increased to 674 entrants , in 2006 -- 07 to 687 , in 2007 -- 08 to 731 clubs , and for the 2008 -- 09 and 2009 -- 10 competitions it reached 762 . The number has varied slightly but remained roughly stable since then , with 759 clubs participating in 2010 -- 11 , a record 763 in 2011 -- 12 , 758 for 2012 -- 13 , 737 for 2013 -- 14 and 736 for 2014 -- 15 . By comparison , the other major English domestic cup , the League Cup , involves only the 92 members of the Premier League and Football League . </P> <H2> Competition format ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Overview ( edit ) </H3> <P> Beginning in August , the competition proceeds as a knockout tournament throughout , consisting of twelve rounds , a semi-final and then a final , in May . A system of byes ensures clubs above Level 9 and 10 enter the competition at later stages . There is no seeding , the fixtures in each round being determined by a random draw . Prior to the quarter - finals , fixtures ending in a tie are replayed once only . The first six rounds are qualifiers , with the draws organised on a regional basis . The next six rounds are the `` proper '' rounds where all clubs are in one draw . </P> <H3> Schedule ( edit ) </H3> <P> Entrants from the bottom two levels ( 9 and 10 ) begin the competition in the Extra Preliminary Round . Clubs from higher levels are then added in later rounds , as | The last team to win the FA Cup outside of the top flight was | [
"Arsenal"
] | 115 | Last team to win fa cup outside top flight? |
-4529708874973104813 | List of most - liked Instagram pictures - wikipedia <H1> List of most - liked Instagram pictures </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Kylie Jenner currently has the most - liked picture on Instagram . <P> This list contains the top ten pictures with the most likes on the social photo - sharing platform Instagram ; Instagram does not provide an official list . As of April 2018 , the name announcement of Kylie Jenner 's first child is the most - liked picture with over 17 million likes . Additionally , Kylie Jenner has the most pictures in the top ten with four , including the top three overall . Most of Jenner 's top pictures feature her newborn daughter , Stormi Webster . </P> <H2> Top pictures ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> Account name </Th> <Th> Owner </Th> <Th> Post description </Th> <Th> Likes ( millions ) </Th> <Th> Date posted </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 . </Td> <Td> @ kyliejenner </Td> <Td> Jenner , Kylie Kylie Jenner </Td> <Td> Stormi Webster 's name announcement </Td> <Td> 17.9 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 02 - 06 - 0000 February 6 , 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2 . </Td> <Td> Selfies with her daughter Stormi </Td> <Td> 14.4 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 03 - 23 - 0000 March 23 , 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3 . </Td> <Td> First picture with her daughter Stormi </Td> <Td> 13.0 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 03 - 01 - 0000 March 1 , 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4 . </Td> <Td> @ cristiano </Td> <Td> Ronaldo , Cristiano Cristiano Ronaldo </Td> <Td> Fourth child 's birth announcement </Td> <Td> 11.3 </Td> <Td> 000000002017 - 11 - 12 - 0000 November 12 , 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 . </Td> <Td> @ beyonce </Td> <Td> Beyoncé , Beyoncé </Td> <Td> Twins pregnancy announcement </Td> <Td> 11.2 </Td> <Td> 000000002017 - 02 - 01 - 0000 February 1 , 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 . </Td> <Td> @ kyliejenner </Td> <Td> Jenner , Kylie Kylie Jenner </Td> <Td> Pregnancy / birth announcement </Td> <Td> 10.6 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 02 - 04 - 0000 February 4 , 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 . </Td> <Td> @ selenagomez </Td> <Td> Gomez , Selena Selena Gomez </Td> <Td> Kidney transplant </Td> <Td> 10.5 </Td> <Td> 000000002017 - 09 - 14 - 0000 September 14 , 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 . </Td> <Td> @ beyonce </Td> <Td> Beyoncé , Beyoncé </Td> <Td> Twins birth announcement </Td> <Td> 10.3 </Td> <Td> 000000002017 - 07 - 14 - 0000 July 14 , 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 . </Td> <Td> @ therock </Td> <Td> Johnson , Dwayne Dwayne Johnson </Td> <Td> First picture with his daughter Tiana </Td> <Td> 10.0 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 04 - 23 - 0000 April 23 , 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 . </Td> <Td> @ selenagomez </Td> <Td> Gomez , Selena Selena Gomez </Td> <Td> Justin Bieber 's birthday post </Td> <Td> 9.4 </Td> <Td> 000000002018 - 03 - 01 - 0000 March 1 , 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="6"> As of April 25 , 2018 </Th> </Tr> </Table> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> List of most - followed Instagram accounts </Li> <Li> List of most - liked tweets </Li> <Li> List of most - retweeted tweets </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Most Liked Pictures - Popular Chips Instagram Stats Instagram Statistics '' . Popular Chips . Retrieved May 9 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Kylie Jenner baby pic causes social media Storm ( i ) '' . BBC News . February 7 , 2018 . Retrieved February 7 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Davies - Day , Rachel ( February 7 , 2018 ) . `` Kylie Jenner 's First Photo Of Daughter Stormi Just Became The Most Liked Instagram Photo Ever '' . MTV ( UK ) . Retrieved February 7 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kylie Jenner ( February 6 , 2018 ) . `` Instagram post by Kylie Feb 6 , 2018 at 3 : 42pm UTC '' . Instagram . Retrieved February 6 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kylie Jenner ( March 23 , 2018 ) . `` Instagram post by Kylie March 23 , 2018 '' . Instagram . Retrieved March 24 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kylie Jenner ( March 1 , 2018 ) . `` Kylie on Instagram : `` my angel baby is 1 month old today '' `` . Instagram . Retrieved March 2 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Cristiano Ronaldo ( November 12 , 2017 ) . `` Instagram post by Cristiano Ronaldo Nov 12 , 2017 at 8 : 19pm UTC '' . Instagram . Retrieved November 25 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Beyoncé ( February 1 , 2017 ) . `` Instagram post by Beyoncé Feb 1 , 2017 at 6 : 39pm UTC '' . Instagram . Retrieved November 25 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kylie Jenner ( February 4 , 2018 ) . `` Instagram post by Kylie Jenner February 4 , 2018 at 5 : 21pm UTC '' . Instagram . Retrieved February 4 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Selena Gomez . `` Instagram post by Selena Gomez September 14 , 2017 '' . Instagram . Retrieved September 14 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Beyoncé ( July 14 , 2017 ) . `` Beyoncé on Instagram : `` Sir Carter and Rumi 1 month today '' . Instagram . Retrieved July 14 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Dwayne Johnson ( April 23 , 2018 ) . `` @ therock on Instagram : `` Skin to skin . Our mana . Blessed and proud to bring another strong girl into this world . Tiana Gia Johnson came into this world like a ... '' `` . Instagram . Retrieved April 25 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Selena Gomez ( March 1 , 2018 ) . `` Instagram post by Selena Gomez Mar 1 , 2018 at 5 : 43am UTC '' . Instagram . 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Graham </Li> <Li> Reed Hastings </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive officers </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Current </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mark Zuckerberg ( Chairman and CEO ) </Li> <Li> Sheryl Sandberg ( COO ) </Li> <Li> David Wehner ( CFO ) </Li> <Li> Mike Schroepfer ( CTO ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Former </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sean Parker ( 4 % , formerly ) </Li> <Li> Owen Van Natta </Li> <Li> Gideon Yu </Li> <Li> Adam D'Angelo </Li> <Li> Chris Kelly </Li> <Li> Bret Taylor </Li> <Li> David Ebersman </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Notable employees </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Current </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chris Cox ( VP of Product ) </Li> <Li> Elliot Schrage ( VP of Global Communications , Marketing and Public Policy ) </Li> <Li> Lars Rasmussen ( Graph Search director ) </Li> <Li> John Carmack ( CTO of Oculus VR ) </Li> <Li> Hugo Barra ( VP of Oculus VR ) </Li> <Li> Naomi Gleit ( VP of social good ) </Li> <Li> Caryn Marooney ( VP of Communications ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Former </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Blake Ross ( Director of Product ) </Li> <Li> Ted Ullyot ( VP , General Counsel , and Secretary ) </Li> <Li> Matt Cohler </Li> <Li> Charlie Cheever </Li> <Li> Randi Zuckerberg </Li> <Li> Yishan Wong </Li> <Li> George Hotz </Li> <Li> Joe Lockhart </Li> <Li> Andrei Alexandrescu ( research scientist ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Open source </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Apache Cassandra </Li> <Li> Apache Hive </Li> <Li> Apache Thrift </Li> <Li> Buck </Li> <Li> FQL </Li> <Li> Hack </Li> <Li> HHVM </Li> <Li> HipHop for PHP </Li> <Li> MyRocks </Li> <Li> Open Compute Project </Li> <Li> Phabricator </Li> <Li> React </Li> <Li> RocksDB </Li> <Li> Scribe </Li> <Li> Tornado ( web server ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mass media </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Facebook Effect </Li> <Li> The Accidental Billionaires </Li> <Li> The Social Network </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Concepts </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Activity stream </Li> <Li> Social graph </Li> <Li> Friending and following </Li> <Li> Reblogging </Li> <Li> Fan - gating </Li> <Li> Facebook diplomacy </Li> <Li> Facebook like button </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Business </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> History </Li> <Li> Timeline </Li> <Li> Acquisitions </Li> <Li> f8 conference </Li> <Li> IPO </Li> <Li> Censorship </Li> <Li> Criticism <Ul> <Li> Cambridge Analytica data scandal </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Litigation </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Divisions </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Facebook AI Research </Li> <Li> Facebook Creative Labs </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Priscilla Chan ( wife of Mark Zuckerberg ) </Li> <Li> Chan Zuckerberg Initiative </Li> <Li> Aquila Internet relay drone </Li> <Li> Willow Village </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_most-liked_Instagram_pictures&oldid=838463632 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 21st century - related lists </Li> <Li> Lists of Internet - related superlatives </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with hCards </Li> <Li> Articles containing potentially dated statements from April 2018 </Li> <Li> All articles containing potentially dated statements </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 27 April 2018 , at 05 | The most liked picture on Instagram in 2018 was | [
"the name announcement of Kylie Jenner's first child"
] | 70 | Whats the most liked picture on instagram 2018? |
2162587275527723755 | Edinburgh Festival Fringe - wikipedia <H1> Edinburgh Festival Fringe </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Edinburgh Festival Fringe </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> A street performer on the High Street in 2010 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Arts festival </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dates </Th> <Td> 2017 : 4 -- 28 August ( exact dates vary each year ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location ( s ) </Th> <Td> Edinburgh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> Scotland , UK </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1947 -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founded </Th> <Td> 1947 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Website </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> edfringe.com </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Edinburgh Festival Fringe ( often referred to as simply The Fringe ) is the world 's largest arts festival , which in 2017 spanned 25 days and featured 53,232 performances of 3,398 shows in 300 venues . Established in 1947 as an alternative to the Edinburgh International Festival , it takes place annually in Edinburgh , Scotland , in the month of August . </P> <P> It is an open access ( or `` unjuried '' ) performing arts festival , meaning there is no selection committee , and anyone may participate , with any type of performance . The official Fringe Programme categorises shows into sections for theatre , comedy , dance , physical theatre , circus , cabaret , children 's shows , musicals , opera , music , spoken word , exhibitions and events . Comedy is the largest section and the one that in modern times has the highest public profile , due in part to the Edinburgh Comedy Awards . </P> <P> The Festival is supported by the Festival Fringe Society , which publishes the programme , sells tickets to all events from a central physical box office and website , and offers year - round advice and support to performers . The Society 's permanent location is at the Fringe Shop on the Royal Mile , and in August they also manage Fringe Central , a separate collection of spaces in Appleton Tower and other University of Edinburgh buildings , dedicated to providing support for Fringe participants during their time at the festival . </P> <P> The Fringe board of directors is drawn from members of the Festival Fringe Society , who are often Fringe participants themselves -- performers or administrators . Elections are held once a year , in August , and Board members serve a term of four years . The Board appoints the Fringe Chief Executive ( formerly known as the Fringe Administrator or Director ) , currently Shona McCarthy who assumed the role in March 2016 . The Chief Executive operates under the chair , currently Professor Sir Timothy O'Shea . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History and origins <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Early years </Li> <Li> 1.2 1960s and 1970s </Li> <Li> 1.3 1980s </Li> <Li> 1.4 1990s and 2000s </Li> <Li> 1.5 The Fringe today </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Venues </Li> <Li> 3 Shows <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Notable shows </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 People <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Officials and administrators </Li> <Li> 4.2 Promoters and artistic directors </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Ethos </Li> <Li> 6 Influence </Li> <Li> 7 Controversies <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Subject matter </Li> <Li> 7.2 Ticket prices </Li> <Li> 7.3 Costs to performers </Li> <Li> 7.4 Costs to venues </Li> <Li> 7.5 Pay - To - Play </Li> <Li> 7.6 Domination by comedy </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Reviews and awards <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Sources of reviews </Li> <Li> 8.2 Awards </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Statistics </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 References </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> <Li> 13 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 14 Further reading </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History and origins ( edit ) </H2> 1971 Festival Fringe Club Membership Card <H3> Early years ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Fringe started life when eight theatre companies turned up uninvited to the inaugural Edinburgh International Festival in 1947 . With the `` official '' festival using the city 's major venues , these companies took over smaller , alternative venues for their productions . Seven performed in Edinburgh , and one undertook a version of the medieval morality play `` Everyman '' in Dunfermline Abbey , about 20 miles north , across the River Forth in Fife . These groups aimed to take advantage of the large assembled theatre crowds to showcase their own alternative theatre . Although at the time it was not recognised as such , this was the first Edinburgh Festival Fringe . </P> <P> This meant that two defining features of the future Fringe were established at the very beginning -- the lack of official invitations to perform and the use of unconventional venues . Originally , these groups referred to themselves as the `` Festival Adjuncts '' and were also referred to as the `` semi-official '' festival . It was not until the following year , 1948 , that Robert Kemp , a Scottish playwright and journalist , is credited with coining the title `` Fringe '' when he wrote during the second Edinburgh International Festival : </P> <P> Round the fringe of official Festival drama , there seems to be more private enterprise than before ... I am afraid some of us are not going to be at home during the evenings ! </P> <P> The word `` fringe '' had in fact been used in a review of Everyman in 1947 , when a critic remarked it was a shame the show was so far out `` on the fringe of the Festival '' . In 1950 , it was still being referred to in similar terms , with a small ' f ' : </P> <P> On the fringe of the official Festival there are many praiseworthy `` extras , '' including presentations by the Scottish Community Drama Association and Edinburgh University Dramatic Society -- Dundee Courier , 24 August 1950 </P> <P> The Fringe did not benefit from any official organisation until 1951 , when students of the University of Edinburgh set up a drop - in centre in the YMCA , where cheap food and a bed for the night were made available to participating groups . </P> <P> Late night revues , which would become a feature of Fringes , began to appear in the early 50s . The first one was the New Drama Group 's After The Show , a series of sketches taking place after Donald Pleasence 's Ebb Tide , in 1952 . Among the talent to appear in early Fringe revues were Ned Sherrin in 1955 , and Ken Loach and Dudley Moore with the Oxford Theatre Group in 1958 . Due to many reviewers only being able to attend Fringe events late night after the official festival was finished , the Fringe came to be seen as being about revues . </P> <P> It was a few years before an official programme for the Fringe was created . John Menzies compiled a list of shows under the title `` Other Events '' in their omnibus festival brochure , but it was printer C.J. Cousland who was the first to publish a listings guide , in 1954 . This was funded by participating companies and was entitled `` Additional Entertainments '' , since the name `` Fringe '' was still not yet in regular usage . It also used a strange cover motif . </P> <P> By that year , the Fringe was attracting around a dozen companies , and a meeting was held to discuss creating `` a small organisation to act as a brain for the Fringe '' , or what The Scotsman called an `` official unofficial festival '' . A first attempt was made to provide a central booking service in 1955 by students from the university , although it lost money , which was blamed on those who had not taken part . </P> <P> Formal organisation progressed in 1959 , with the formation of the Festival Fringe Society . The push for such an organisation was led by Michael Imison , director of Oxford Theatre Group . A constitution was drawn up , in which the policy of not vetting or censoring shows was set out , and the Society produced the first guide to Fringe shows . Nineteen companies participated in the Fringe in that year . By that time it provided a `` complete ... counter-festival programme '' . </P> <P> Not long after came the first complaints that the Fringe had become too big . Director Gerard Slevin claimed in 1961 that `` it would be much better if only ten halls were licensed '' . </P> <H3> 1960s and 1970s ( edit ) </H3> <P> The artistic credentials of the Fringe were established by the creators of the Traverse Theatre , John Calder , Jim Haynes and Richard Demarco , in 1963 . While their original objective was to maintain something of the Festival atmosphere in Edinburgh all year round , the Traverse Theatre quickly and regularly presented cutting - edge drama to an international audience at both the Edinburgh International Festival and the Fringe during August . It set a standard to which other companies on the Fringe aspired . The Traverse is occasionally referred to as `` The Fringe venue that got away '' , reflecting its current status as a permanent and integral part of the Edinburgh arts scene . </P> <P> The Pleasance , a venue since the first year of the Fringe , was also important in setting the artistic tone . Christopher Richardson , founder of the Pleasance Theatre Trust , became a major Fringe figure . </P> <P> Over the first two decades of the Fringe , each performing group used its own performing space , or venue . However , by the late 1960s , the concept of sharing a venue became popular , principally as a means of cutting costs . It soon became common for halls to host up to six or seven different shows per day . The obvious next step was to partition a venue into two or more performing spaces ; the majority of today 's major venues fit into this category . </P> <P> For many years , the Fringe Club ( variously in the High Street from 1971 and at Teviot Row House from 1981 ) provided nightly showcases of Fringe fare to allow audiences to sample shows . In its earlier years the club also provided a significant space for after - hours socialising at a time when Edinburgh 's strict licensing laws meant a 10pm pub closing time . </P> <P> Problems then began to arise as the Fringe became too big for students and volunteers to deal with . Eventually in 1969 , the Fringe Society became a constituted body , and in 1970 it employed its first administrator , John Milligan , who stayed until 1976 . </P> <P> Between 1976 and 1981 , under the direction of Alistair Moffat , the number of companies performing rose from 182 to 494 , thus the Fringe ascended to its current position as the largest arts festival in the world . This was a deliberate policy by Moffat , who found it difficult to promote the Fringe on merit given the Society 's position of neutrality . Increasing show numbers was therefore a way of attracting more attention . At this point , the Fringe operated on only two full - time members of staff . </P> <H3> 1980s ( edit ) </H3> <P> The early 1980s saw the arrival of the `` super-venue '' -- locations that contained multiple performing spaces . By 1981 when William Burdett - Coutts set up the Assembly Theatre in the empty Georgian building Assembly Rooms on George Street ( formerly the EIF Festival Club ) , the investment in staging , lighting and sound meant that the original amateur or student theatricals were left behind . </P> <P> Fringe Sunday started in the High Street in 1981 | The Edinburgh Fringe Festival takes place | [
"in Edinburgh, Scotland"
] | 172 | Where does the edinburgh fringe festival take place? |
8926902974073457645 | Safe Haven ( novel ) - wikipedia <H1> Safe Haven ( novel ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Safe Haven <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Author </Th> <Td> Nicholas Sparks </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Realism Romance </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> Grand Central Publishing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication date </Th> <Td> July 2011 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Media type </Th> <Td> Print ( Hardcover , Paperback ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pages </Th> <Td> 432 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ISBN </Th> <Td> 978 - 0446547598 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Safe Haven is a romantic novel by American novelist Nicholas Sparks . It was published in 2010 . According to WorldCat , the book is held in 2242 libraries </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Adaptation </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> Erin flees her abusive alcoholic husband , Kevin , takes on a different identity and changes her name to Katie . She arrives in Southport , North Carolina . Finding work at a seafood restaurant , she becomes friends with her neighbor , Jo , and gets to know the town 's general store owner , Alex . </P> <P> Katie is interested in Alex , who is a widower with two children . Alex and Katie 's relationship becomes romantic , encouraged by Jo. Alex 's former job had trained him to recognize signs of an abuse victim . Katie reveals her past to Alex , who wants to know why she did not go seek help from the police . She explains that Kevin is a police detective . She fled from his abuse because she knew he would kill her if he located her . Her created identity is based on a neighbor 's dead daughter who resembled her . </P> <P> Kevin is furious with his wife for leaving and drank more to dull his pain . He learns of Erin 's new identity and searches for her . Kevin arrives in Southport , while Katie is caring for Alex 's children . Kevin sets the house on fire , thinking it would kill both Katie and Alex. She fights Kevin , and the children escape . Alex , arriving home , finds his children and takes them to Katie 's house where he thinks they will be safe . He returns to the fire and finds Kevin attempting to harm Katie . Desperate , Alex drives toward Kevin who is firing a gun at him . The vehicle hits Kevin , breaking his hand and disarming him . Katie retrieves Kevin 's gun , and she and Alex are reunited . Kevin , however , is able to drive away . He goes to Katie 's house . When she learns that Alex left the children at her house , she is terrified , knowing that Kevin will hunt her down at her house , putting the children 's lives in danger . As they reach Katie 's house , Kevin attacks Alex with a crowbar . Kevin is going to shoot and kill Katie , but when he fires the gun , the bullet hits Kevin in the stomach and he dies in front of Katie . </P> <P> Alex had been given an unopened letter from his dead wife , Carly . After he and Katie recover from their injuries , they locate the safe in the ashes of the burnt home . He gives Katie the unopened letter to read . She goes home to read it and is shocked when she sees Jo 's house looking like no one had ever lived in it . Startled , she begins to think that Jo had been a complete figment of her imagination . Upon reading the letter , Katie realizes that it was written by Alex 's late wife , Carly Jo , whom friends called `` Jo '' . Katie realizes that her friend Jo was really Carly 's spirit . In the letter , Carly Jo asked Katie to take care of Alex and the children . After Katie reads the letter , she sees lights in her neighbor 's house and Jo standing in the window , waving farewell . The next time she glances at Jo 's house , it is dark and has returned to the appearance that no one has lived in the house for years . </P> <H2> Adaptation ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Safe Haven ( film ) <P> Safe Haven was adapted into a feature film in 2013 . The film was directed by Lasse Hallström . It starred Julianne Hough as Katie , Josh Duhamel as Alex , David Lyons as Kevin , and Cobie Smulders as Jo . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ WorldCat item record </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Safe Haven '' . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved October 12 , 2013 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Safe Haven in Goodreads </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Nicholas Sparks </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Novels </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Notebook ( 1996 ) </Li> <Li> Message in a Bottle ( 1998 ) </Li> <Li> A Walk to Remember ( 1999 ) </Li> <Li> The Rescue ( 2000 ) </Li> <Li> A Bend in the Road ( 2001 ) </Li> <Li> Nights in Rodanthe ( 2002 ) </Li> <Li> The Guardian ( 2003 ) </Li> <Li> The Wedding ( 2003 ) </Li> <Li> True Believer ( 2005 ) </Li> <Li> At First Sight ( 2006 ) </Li> <Li> Dear John ( 2006 ) </Li> <Li> The Choice ( 2007 ) </Li> <Li> The Lucky One ( 2008 ) </Li> <Li> The Last Song ( 2009 ) </Li> <Li> Safe Haven ( 2010 ) </Li> <Li> The Best of Me ( 2011 ) </Li> <Li> The Longest Ride ( 2013 ) </Li> <Li> See Me ( 2015 ) </Li> <Li> Two by Two ( 2016 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Non-fiction </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Wokini : A Lakota Journey to Happiness and Self - Understanding ( 1990 ) </Li> <Li> Three Weeks with My Brother ( 2004 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Film adaptations </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Message in a Bottle ( 1999 ) </Li> <Li> A Walk to Remember ( 2002 ) </Li> <Li> The Notebook ( 2004 ) </Li> <Li> Nights in Rodanthe ( 2008 ) </Li> <Li> Dear John ( 2010 ) </Li> <Li> The Last Song ( 2010 ) </Li> <Li> The Lucky One ( 2012 ) </Li> <Li> Safe Haven ( 2013 ) </Li> <Li> The Best of Me ( 2014 ) </Li> <Li> The Longest Ride ( 2015 ) </Li> <Li> The Choice ( 2016 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Safe_Haven_(novel)&oldid=835354130 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 2010 American novels </Li> <Li> American romance novels </Li> <Li> Novels by Nicholas Sparks </Li> <Li> American novels adapted into films </Li> <Li> Novels set in North Carolina </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Pages to import images to Wikidata </Li> <Li> Use mdy dates from October 2013 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Bahasa Indonesia </Li> <Li> Українська </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 8 April 2018 , at 05 : 24 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> | The novel "Safe Haven" by Nicholas Sparks takes place in | [
"Southport, North Carolina"
] | 206 | Where does safe haven take place in the book? |
8445703091969850957 | Baby boomers - wikipedia <H1> Baby boomers </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` Baby Boomer '' redirects here . For the video game , see Baby Boomer ( video game ) . For further information , see Post -- World War II baby boom . <Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series on </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Generations </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Lost Generation </Li> <Li> G.I. Generation </Li> <Li> Silent Generation </Li> <Li> Baby boomers </Li> <Li> Generation X </Li> <Li> Millennials </Li> <Li> Generation Z </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Baby boomers are the demographic cohort following the Silent Generation . There are no precise dates for when this cohort starts or ends ; demographers and researchers typically use starting birth years ranging from the early - to - mid 1940s and ending birth years ranging from 1960 to 1964 . </P> <P> The term `` baby boomer '' is also used in a cultural context , so it is difficult to achieve broad consensus of a precise date definition . Different people , organizations , and scholars have varying opinions on who is a baby boomer , both technically and culturally . Ascribing universal attributes to such a generation is difficult , and some believe it is inherently impossible , but many have attempted to determine their cultural similarities and historical impact , and the term has thus gained widespread popular usage . </P> <P> Baby boomers are associated with a rejection or redefinition of traditional values . Many commentators , however , have disputed the extent of that rejection , noting the widespread continuity of values with older and younger generations . In Europe and North America , boomers are widely associated with privilege , as many grew up in a time of widespread government subsidies in post-war housing and education , and increasing affluence . </P> <P> As a group , baby boomers were the wealthiest , most active , and most physically fit generation up to the era in which they arrived , and were amongst the first to grow up genuinely expecting the world to improve with time . They were also the generation that received peak levels of income ; they could therefore reap the benefits of abundant levels of food , apparel , retirement programs , and sometimes even `` midlife crisis '' products . The increased consumerism for this generation has been regularly criticized as excessive . </P> <P> One feature of the boomers was that they have tended to think of themselves as a special generation , very different from those that had come before . In the 1960s , as the relatively large numbers of young people became teenagers and young adults , they , and those around them , created a very specific rhetoric around their cohort , and the changes they were bringing about . This rhetoric had an important impact in the self perceptions of the boomers , as well as their tendency to define the world in terms of generations , which was a relatively new phenomenon . The baby boom has been described variously as a `` shockwave '' and as `` the pig in the python . '' </P> <P> The term `` Generation Jones '' is sometimes used to describe those born roughly between 1954 and 1964 . The term is typically used to refer to the later years of the Baby boomer cohort and the early years of Generation X . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Definition </Li> <Li> 2 Characteristics <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Size and economic impact </Li> <Li> 2.2 Cultural identity </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Healthcare </Li> <Li> 4 Aging and end - of - life issues </Li> <Li> 5 Impact on history and culture </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 Notes </Li> <Li> 8 Further reading </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Definition ( edit ) </H2> United States birth rate ( births per 1,000 population ) . The segment for the years 1946 to 1964 is highlighted in red , with birth rates peaking in 1949 and dropping steadily around 1958 reaching pre-war depression era levels in 1963 . The drop in 1970 was due to excluding births to nonresidents of the United States . <P> The phrase baby boom refers to a noticeable increase in the birth rate . The post-war population increase was described as a `` boom '' by various newspaper reporters , including Sylvia F. Porter in a column for the May 4 , 1951 , edition of the New York Post , based on the increase in the population of the U.S. of 2,357,000 in 1950 . According to the Oxford English Dictionary , the first recorded use of `` baby boomer '' is from 1970 in an article in The Washington Post . Various authors have delimited the baby boom period differently . Landon Jones , in his book Great Expectations : America and the Baby Boom Generation ( 1980 ) , defined the span of the baby - boom generation as extending from 1943 through 1960 , when annual births increased over 4,000,000 . Authors William Strauss and Neil Howe , well known for their generational theory , define the social generation of Boomers as that cohort born from 1943 to 1960 , who were too young to have any personal memory of World War II , but old enough to remember the postwar American High . </P> <P> In the U.S. , the generation can be segmented into two broadly defined cohorts : The Leading - Edge Baby Boomers are individuals born between 1946 and 1955 , those who came of age during the Vietnam War era . This group represents slightly more than half of the generation , or roughly 38,002,000 people of all races . The other half of the generation was born between 1956 and 1964 . Called Late Boomers , or Trailing - Edge Boomers , this second cohort includes about 37,818,000 individuals , according to Live Births by Age and Mother and Race , 1933 -- 98 , published by the Center for Disease Control 's National Center for Health Statistics . </P> <P> An ongoing battle for `` generational ownership '' has motivated a handful of marketing mavens and cultural commentators to coin and / or promote their own terms for sub ‐ segments of the baby - boomer generation . These monikers include , but are not limited to , `` golden boomers '' , `` generation Jones '' , `` alpha boomers '' , `` hippies '' , `` yippies '' , `` yuppies '' , `` zoomers '' , and `` cuspers . '' Advocates of these `` cultural segments '' are often zealous and overstated in their attempts to redefine generational boundaries , often claiming wide adoption and sometimes advancing self - promotional agendas . </P> <P> In Ontario , Canada , one attempt to define the boom came from David Foot , author of Boom , Bust and Echo : Profiting from the Demographic Shift in the 21st century ( 1997 ) . He defines a Canadian boomer as someone born from 1947 to 1966 , the years that more than 400,000 babies were born . However , he acknowledges that is a demographic definition , and that culturally it may not be as clear - cut . </P> <P> Doug Owram argues that the Canadian boom took place from 1943 to 1960 , but that culturally boomers everywhere were born between the late war years and about 1955 or 1956 . He notes that those born in the years before the actual boom were often the most influential people among boomers ; for example , musicians such as The Beatles , Bob Dylan , and The Rolling Stones , or writers like Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg , who were either slightly or vastly older than the boomer generation . Those born in the 1960s might feel disconnected from the cultural identifiers of the earlier boomers . </P> <P> Bernard Salt places the Australian baby boom between 1943 and 1960 , while the Australian Bureau of Statistics defines the boom as 1946 to 1964 . </P> <H2> Characteristics ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Size and economic impact ( edit ) </H3> <P> 76 million American children were born between 1946 and 1964 , representing a cohort that is significant on account of its size alone . In 2004 , the British baby boomers held 80 % of the UK 's wealth and bought 80 % of all top of the range cars , 80 % of cruises and 50 % of skincare products . </P> <P> In addition to the size of the group , Steve Gillon has suggested that one thing that sets the baby boomers apart from other generational groups is the fact that `` almost from the time they were conceived , Boomers were dissected , analyzed , and pitched to by modern marketers , who reinforced a sense of generational distinctiveness . '' This is supported by the articles of the late 1940s identifying the increasing number of babies as an economic boom , such as a 1948 Newsweek article whose title proclaimed `` Babies Mean Business '' , or a 1948 Time magazine article called `` Baby Boom . '' </P> <P> The age wave theory suggests an economic slowdown when the boomers started retiring during 2007 -- 2009 . Projections for the aging U.S. workforce suggest that by 2020 , 25 % of employees will be at least 55 years old . </P> <P> A survey found that nearly a third of baby boomer multimillionaires polled in the United States would prefer to pass on their inheritance to charities rather than pass it down to their children . Fifty - seven percent of these boomers believed it was important for each generation to earn their own money ; fifty four percent believed it was more important to invest in their children while they were growing up . </P> <H3> Cultural identity ( edit ) </H3> <P> Boomers grew up at a time of dramatic social change . In the United States , that change marked the generation with a strong cultural cleavage , between the proponents of change and the more conservative individuals . Some analysts believe this cleavage played out politically since the time of the Vietnam War to the mid ‐ 2000s , to some extent defining the political landscape and division in the country . Starting in the 1980s , the boomers became more conservative , many of them regretting the cultural changes they brought in their youth . </P> <P> In 1993 , Time magazine reported on the religious affiliations of baby boomers . Citing Wade Clark Roof , a sociologist at the University of California at Santa Barbara , the articles stated that about 42 % of baby boomers were dropouts from formal religion , 33 % had never strayed from church , and 25 % of boomers were returning to religious practice . The boomers returning to religion were `` usually less tied to tradition and less dependable as church members than the loyalists . They are also more liberal , which deepens rifts over issues like abortion and homosexuality . '' </P> <P> The early and mid-boomers were coming of age at the same time across the world , so that they experienced events like Beatlemania and Woodstock , organizing against the Vietnam War , or fighting and dying in the same war . Boomers in Italy were dressing in mod clothes and `` buying the world a Coke . '' Boomers in India were seeking new philosophical discoveries . Some American boomers in Canada had found a new home after escaping the draft . Canadian Boomers were organizing support for Pierre Trudeau . It is precisely because of these experiences that many believe those born in the second half of the birth boom belong to another generation , as events that defined their coming of age have little in common with leading or core boomers . Politically , early Boomers in | The term "baby boomer" was coined by | [
"The Washington Post"
] | 818 | Who came up with the term baby boomer? |
-3997272399784107764 | How the Grinch Stole Christmas ! - Wikipedia <H1> How the Grinch Stole Christmas ! </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the book by Dr. Seuss . For other uses , see How the Grinch Stole Christmas ( disambiguation ) . <Table> How the Grinch Stole Christmas ! <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Book cover </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Author </Th> <Td> Dr. Seuss </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Children 's literature </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> Redbook ( magazine ) Random House ( book ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication date </Th> <Td> October 12 , 1957 ( Redbook ) November 24 , 1957 ( renewed 1985 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Media type </Th> <Td> Print </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pages </Th> <Td> 69 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ISBN </Th> <Td> 0 - 394 - 80079 - 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> OCLC </Th> <Td> 178325 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> How the Grinch Stole Christmas ! is a children 's story by Theodor `` Dr. Seuss '' Geisel written in rhymed verse with illustrations by the author . It follows the Grinch , a grouchy , solitary creature who attempts to put an end to Christmas by stealing Christmas - themed items from the homes of the nearby town Whoville on Christmas Eve . Despite his efforts , Whoville 's inhabitants still celebrate the holiday , so the Grinch returns everything that he stole and is the guest of honor at the Whos ' Christmas dinner . </P> <P> The story was published as a book by Random House in 1957 , and at approximately the same time in an issue of Redbook . The book criticizes the commercialization of Christmas . Based on a 2007 online poll , the National Education Association named it one of its `` Teachers ' Top 100 Books for Children '' . In 2012 it was ranked number 61 among the `` Top 100 Picture Books '' in a survey published by School Library Journal -- the fourth of five Dr. Seuss books on the list . </P> <P> The book was adapted as a Christmas special twice , a 1966 animated TV film starring Boris Karloff as both the narrator and the voice of the Grinch and a 2000 live - action feature film starring Jim Carrey . There will also be a computer - animated film adaptation , starring Benedict Cumberbatch scheduled for release on November 9 , 2018 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Creation and publication </Li> <Li> 3 Reception </Li> <Li> 4 Analysis </Li> <Li> 5 Adaptations </Li> <Li> 6 Legacy </Li> <Li> 7 Notes </Li> <Li> 8 Sources </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Grinch is a bitter , grouchy , cave - dwelling creature with a heart `` two sizes too small '' who is living as a hermit on the snowy Mount Crumpit , a steep high mountain just north of the town of Whoville , home of the merry and warm - hearted Whos . His only companion is his unloved , but loyal dog , Max . From his cave , the Grinch can hear the noisy Christmas festivities that take place in Whoville . Continuously annoyed , he decides to devise a wicked scheme by stealing their presents , trees , and food for their Christmas feast . He crudely disguises himself as Santa Claus , and forces Max , disguised as a reindeer , to drag a sleigh down the mountain towards Whoville . Once at Whoville , the Grinch slides down the chimney of one house and steals all of the Whos ' Christmas presents , the Christmas tree , and the log for their fire . He is briefly interrupted in his burglary by Cindy Lou , a little Who girl , but concocts a crafty lie to effect his escape from her home . After stealing from one house , he does the same thing to all the other houses in the village of Whoville . </P> <P> After spending all night stealing stuff from the houses of Whoville , the Grinch prepares his journey back to Mount Crumpit , and intends to dump all of the Christmas stuff into the abyss , but Max , utilizing every last of his strength to pull the sleigh upward , causes the sleigh to get stuck on a cliff . As dawn arrives , the Grinch expects the people in Whoville to let out bitter and sorrowful cries , but is confused to hear them singing a joyous Christmas song instead . He puzzles for a moment until it dawns on him that `` maybe Christmas , perhaps , means a little bit more '' than just presents and feasting . The Grinch 's shrunken heart suddenly grows three sizes . The reformed and liberated Grinch begins having second thoughts , and returns to the village to give back all of the Whos ' Christmas stuff . The Grinch is warmly invited to the Whos ' feast , where he has the honor of carving the Roast Beast . </P> <H2> Creation and publication ( edit ) </H2> Dr. Seuss working on How the Grinch Stole Christmas ! in early 1957 . <P> The Grinch first appeared in a 32 - line illustrated poem by Dr. Seuss called `` The Hoobub and the Grinch , '' which was originally published in the May 1955 edition of Redbook magazine . Dr. Seuss began work on How the Grinch Stole Christmas ! a couple years later , around the beginning of 1957 . He had recently completed The Cat in the Hat and was in the midst of founding Beginner Books with Phyllis and Bennett Cerf and his wife , Helen Palmer Geisel . Helen , who had ongoing medical problems and had suffered a small stroke in April 1957 , nevertheless acted as an unofficial editor , as she had with previous Dr. Seuss books . Dr. Seuss wrote the book quickly and was mostly finished with it within a few weeks . Biographers Judith and Neil Morgan wrote , `` It was the easiest book of his career to write , except for its conclusion . '' According to Dr. Seuss , </P> <P> `` I got hung up getting the Grinch out of the mess . I got into a situation where I sounded like a second - rate preacher or some biblical truisim ... Finally in desperation ... without making any statement whatever , I showed the Grinch and the Whos together at the table , and made a pun of the Grinch carving the ' roast beast . ' ... I had gone through thousands of religious choices , and then after three months it came out like that . '' </P> <P> By mid-May 1957 , the book was finished and in the mail to the Random House offices in New York . In June , the Dr. Seuss and his wife took a month - long vacation to Hawaii , where he checked and returned the book 's galley proof . The book debuted in December 1957 , in both a book version published by Random House and in an issue of Redbook . Dr. Seuss dedicated the book to Theodor `` Teddy '' Owens , the one - year - old son of his niece , Peggy Owens . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> M.S. Libby , writing in the New York Herald Tribune , compared the book favorably to Dr. Seuss 's earlier works : `` His peculiar and original genius in line and word is always the same , yet , so rich are the variations he plays on his themes , always fresh and amusing . '' Kirkus Reviews wrote , `` Youngsters will be in transports over the goofy gaiety of Dr. Seuss 's first book about a villain . '' The reviewer called the Grinch `` easily the best Christmas - cad since Scrooge . '' Ellen Lewis Buell , in her review in The New York Times , praised the book 's handling of its moral , as well as its illustrations and verse . She wrote , </P> <P> `` Even if you prefer Dr. Seuss in a purely antic mood , you must admit that if there 's a moral to be pointed out , no one can do it more gaily . The reader is swept along by the ebullient rhymes and the weirdly zany pictures until he is limp with relief when the Grinch reforms and , like the latter , mellow with good feelings . '' </P> <P> The review for The Saturday Review of Literature stated : `` The inimitable Dr. Seuss has brought off a fresh triumph in his new picture book ... The verse is as lively and the pages are as bright and colorful as anyone could wish . '' The reviewer suggested that parents and older siblings reading the book to young children would also enjoy its moral and humor . Charlotte Jackson of the San Francisco Chronicle called the book `` wonderful fantasy , in the true Dr. Seuss manner , with pictures in the Christmas colors . '' </P> <H2> Analysis ( edit ) </H2> <P> Some writers , including Dr. Seuss himself , have made a connection between the Grinch and Dr. Seuss . In the story , the Grinch laments that he has had to put up with the Whos ' celebration of Christmas for 53 years . As both Thomas Fensch and Charles Cohen note , Dr. Seuss was 53 when he wrote and published the book . Dr. Seuss himself asserted the connection in an article in the December 1957 edition of Redbook : `` I was brushing my teeth on the morning of the 26th of last December when I noticed a very Grinch - ish countenance in the mirror . It was Seuss ! So I wrote about my sour friend , the Grinch , to see if I could rediscover something about Christmas that obviously I 'd lost . '' Seuss 's step - daughter , Lark Dimond - Cates , stated in a speech in 2003 , `` I always thought the Cat ... was Ted on his good days , and the Grinch was Ted on his bad days . '' Cohen notes that Seuss drove a car with a license plate that read `` GRINCH '' . </P> <P> Thomas Fensch notes that the Grinch is the first adult and the first villain to be a main character in a Dr. Seuss book . </P> <H2> Adaptations ( edit ) </H2> <P> The book has been adapted into a variety of media , including stage and film . Chuck Jones and Ben Washam ( Co-Director ) adapted the story as an animated special in 1966 , featuring narration by Boris Karloff , who also provided the Grinch 's voice . Thurl Ravenscroft sang `` You 're a Mean One Mr. Grinch '' with lyrics written by Dr. Seuss himself . A musical stage version was produced by the Old Globe Theatre , San Diego , in 1998 . It also was produced on Broadway and a limited - engagement US tour in 2008 . The North American Tour began in the fall of 2010 and has subsequently toured every fall since . It will begin its 6th tour in October 2015 . In 2000 , the book was adapted into a live - action film , directed by Ron Howard and starring Jim Carrey as the Grinch . Illumination Entertainment is also developing a 3D animated feature film , titled The Grinch with Peter Candeland and Yarrow Cheney set to direct it and Benedict Cumberbatch voicing the Grinch . It was originally scheduled to be released on November 10 , 2017 , but in June 2016 , it was pushed back to November 9 , | The dog's name in the movie "How the Grinch Stole Christmas" is | [
"Max"
] | 558 | Dogs name in the grinch who stole christmas? |
119543419987074002 | Anne ( TV series ) - wikipedia <H1> Anne ( TV series ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Anne </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Also known as </Th> <Td> Anne with an E </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Drama </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Moira Walley - Beckett </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomery </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> Moira Walley - Beckett </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Amybeth McNulty </Li> <Li> Geraldine James </Li> <Li> R.H. Thomson </Li> <Li> Lucas Jade Zumann </Li> <Li> Dalila Bela </Li> <Li> Corrine Koslo </Li> <Li> Aymeric Jett Montaz </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opening theme </Th> <Td> `` Ahead by a Century '' by The Tragically Hip </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> Canada </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 7 ( list of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Elizabeth Bradley </Li> <Li> Alex Sapot </Li> <Li> Sally Catto </Li> <Li> Debra Hayward </Li> <Li> Alison Owen </Li> <Li> Miranda de Pencier </Li> <Li> Moira Walley - Beckett </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Susan Murdoch </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Bobby Shore </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 44 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Pelican Ballet </Li> <Li> Northwood Entertainment </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> Netflix </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> CBC Television Netflix ( worldwide ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> 4K ( Ultra HD ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Audio format </Th> <Td> Dolby Digital 5.1 with Descriptive Video Service track </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> March 19 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 19 ) -- present ( present ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Website </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Anne ( titled Anne with an E for international distribution on Netflix ) is a Canadian drama television series based on the 1908 novel Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomery , and adapted by Emmy Award - winning writer and producer Moira Walley - Beckett . It airs on CBC in Canada , and elsewhere in the world it is available for streaming on Netflix . The first season consists of seven episodes , with Niki Caro directing the 90 - minute season premiere . The series premiered on March 19 , 2017 , on CBC , the season finale airing on April 30 , 2017 . </P> <P> On August 3 , 2017 , both CBC and Netflix renewed the series for a 10 - episode second season to premiere in 2018 . Season 2 began production in November 2017 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Premise </Li> <Li> 2 Cast <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Main </Li> <Li> 2.2 Others </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Personnel </Li> <Li> 3.2 Casting </Li> <Li> 3.3 Filming locations </Li> <Li> 3.4 Music </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Themes </Li> <Li> 5 Broadcast and release </Li> <Li> 6 Episodes <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Season 1 ( 2017 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Reception <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Critical response </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Premise ( edit ) </H2> <P> Brother and sister Matthew and Marilla Cuthbert , both in late middle age ( Matthew is 60 ) , decide to take on an orphan boy to help out around their ancestral farm of Green Gables , on the outskirts of the town of Avonlea , on Prince Edward Island . When Matthew goes to pick the child up at the railway station , he finds not a boy , but a high - spirited and talkative girl , Anne Shirley . At first , the Cuthberts are inclined to send her back , particularly after Marilla 's brooch goes missing , and Anne , in despair , runs away . Reconciled and settled in her new home and school , Anne once again displays boundless enthusiasm which is nevertheless easily turned into despair when things go wrong , which they often do . Slowly , her ebullient nature wins over those around her . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Main ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Amybeth McNulty as Anne Shirley </Li> <Li> Geraldine James as Marilla Cuthbert </Li> <Li> R.H. Thomson as Matthew Cuthbert </Li> <Li> Dalila Bela as Diana Barry </Li> <Li> Lucas Jade Zumann as Gilbert Blythe </Li> <Li> Corrine Koslo as Rachel Lynde </Li> <Li> Aymeric Jett Montaz as Jerry Baynard </Li> </Ul> <H3> Others ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Jonathan Holmes as Mr. William Barry </Li> <Li> Helen Johns as Mrs. Eliza Barry </Li> <Li> Ryan Kiera Armstrong as Minnie Mary Barry </Li> <Li> Deborah Grover as Josephine Barry </Li> <Li> Wayne Best as John Blythe </Li> <Li> Phillip Williams as Thomas Lynde </Li> <Li> David Ingram as Mr. Harmon Andrews </Li> <Li> Janet Porter as Mrs. Andrews </Li> <Li> Christian Martyn as Billy Andrews </Li> <Li> Lia Pappas - Kemps as Jane Andrews </Li> <Li> Ella Jonas Farlinger as Prissy Andrews </Li> <Li> Jim Annan as Mr. Gillis </Li> <Li> Fiona Byrne as Mrs. Gillis </Li> <Li> Kyla Matthews as Ruby Gillis </Li> <Li> Jacob Ursomarzo as Moody Spurgeon </Li> <Li> Stephen Tracey as Mr. Phillips </Li> <Li> Cory Gruter - Andrew as Cole Mackenzie </Li> <Li> Miranda McKeon as Josie Pye </Li> <Li> Glenna Walters as Tillie Boulter </Li> <Li> Katelyn Wells as Mary Joe </Li> <Li> Jacob Horsley as Charlie Sloane </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> According to executive producer Miranda de Pencier , this adaptation of the novel has a different look and feel to past productions , aiming for a `` documentary level of realism '' , as reflected in the extraordinary detail which has gone into the design of sets and costumes . </P> <H3> Personnel ( edit ) </H3> <P> Besides the show itself having a larger number of female characters than male , women serving as executive producer and showrunner , the series has several female directors . For the second season , showrunner and scriptwriter Moira Walley - Beckett is joined by a team of women writers . </P> <H3> Casting ( edit ) </H3> <P> Approximately 1800 girls on three continents auditioned for the role of Anne Shirley . Amybeth McNulty was chosen for her ability to deliver dialogue which is `` incredibly thick and dynamic and beautiful '' , according to Miranda de Pencier . Walley - Beckett describes her as at once `` luminous , '' transparent , smart , soulful and emotional . </P> <H3> Filming locations ( edit ) </H3> <P> The series is filmed partially in Prince Edward Island as well as locations in Southern Ontario ( including Millbrook and Caledon ) . </P> <H3> Music ( edit ) </H3> <P> The opening theme is the song `` Ahead by a Century '' performed and originally composed by Canadian band The Tragically Hip . </P> <H2> Themes ( edit ) </H2> <P> Moira Walley - Beckett had this to say about her treatment , which is darker than the previous productions : `` In this day and age , themes of identity , prejudice , bullying , being an outsider , searching for a way to be accepted and how to belong are entirely topical and super relevant , and those are themes that are built into the story of ' Anne . ' '' She went on to call Anne Shirley an `` accidental feminist '' , and how she `` really wanted to tell this story now . '' </P> <H2> Broadcast and Release ( edit ) </H2> <P> The series initially premiered on March 19 , 2017 , on CBC and aired on a weekly basis , the season finale airing on April 30 , 2017 . </P> <P> The series debuted on Netflix on May 12 , 2017 , under the title Anne with an E . </P> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Season 1 ( 2017 ) ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Th> Can . viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` Your Will Shall Decide Your Destiny '' </Td> <Td> Niki Caro </Td> <Td> Moira Walley - Beckett </Td> <Td> March 19 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 19 ) </Td> <Td> 0.999 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> When a miscommunication brings a girl , Anne Shirley , to Green Gables instead of a boy , Marilla and Matthew Cuthbert are faced with a life - changing decision . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` I Am No Bird , and No Net Ensnares Me '' </Td> <Td> Helen Shaver </Td> <Td> Moira Walley - Beckett </Td> <Td> March 26 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 26 ) </Td> <Td> 0.780 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Hoping all is not lost , Matthew races to catch up with Anne while Marilla anxiously hopes and waits for their return to Green Gables . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` But What Is So Headstrong as Youth ? '' </Td> <Td> Sandra Goldbacher </Td> <Td> Moira Walley - Beckett </Td> <Td> April 2 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 02 ) </Td> <Td> 0.994 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Anne is excited to begin school and make friends , but is unprepared for the bullying that occurs when she does n't fit in . Marilla too , is testing new waters as she accepts an invitation to join a `` Progressive Mothers '' group . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> `` An Inward Treasure is Born '' </Td> <Td> David Evans </Td> <Td> Moira Walley - Beckett </Td> <Td> April 9 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 09 ) </Td> <Td> 0.654 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Anne is faced with the decision of whether or not to return to school . But a fire at the Gillis house and Anne 's generous actions help her in her choice . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5 </Th> <Td> `` Tightly Knotted to a Similar String '' </Td> <Td> Patricia Rozema </Td> <Td> Moira Walley - Beckett </Td> <Td> April 16 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 16 ) </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Anne must deal with the inevitability of womanhood when she gets her first period . At the same time , Marilla and Matthew acclimatize to parenthood and revisit moments of their youth through Anne . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> `` Remorse Is the Poison of Life '' </Td> <Td> Paul Fox </Td> <Td> Moira Walley - Beckett </Td> <Td> April 23 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 23 ) </Td> <Td> 0.656 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> When her little sister Minnie May becomes ill , Diana runs to Anne for help . Meanwhile , the Blythe farm sees change , as Marilla is reminded of what she gave up and Matthew receives some unsettling news . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 7 </Th> <Td> `` Wherever You Are Is My Home '' </Td> <Td> Amanda Tapping </Td> <Td> Moira Walley - Beckett </Td> <Td> April 30 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 30 ) </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> The Cuthberts vow to do whatever it takes to save the farm which reminds Anne of the strength of friendship and love . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Critical | The role of Anne in the TV series "Anne with an E" was played by | [
"Amybeth McNulty"
] | 807 | Who played anne in anne with an e? |
3977993332190439710 | One Thing Leads to Another - Wikipedia <H1> One Thing Leads to Another </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the Pet Shop Boys song , see Very ( Pet Shop Boys album ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` One Thing Leads to Another '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by The Fixx </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Reach the Beach </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> Opinions ( 7 inch ) Reach the Beach ( Dub ) ( 12 inch ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 9 August 1983 ( US ) ; September 1983 ( UK ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 `` , 12 '' single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> New wave , dance - rock , art rock </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 23 ( remixed edited version ) ; 3 : 18 ( album version ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> MCA </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Cy Curnin , Adam Woods , Jamie West - Oram , Rupert Greenall </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Rupert Hine </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Fixx singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Saved by Zero '' ( 1983 ) </Td> <Td> `` One Thing Leads to Another '' ( 1983 ) </Td> <Td> `` The Sign of Fire '' ( 1983 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Saved by Zero '' ( 1983 ) </Td> <Td> `` One Thing Leads to Another '' ( 1983 ) </Td> <Td> `` The Sign of Fire '' ( 1983 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` One Thing Leads to Another '' is a song by new wave rock band The Fixx , from their album Reach the Beach . </P> <P> `` One Thing Leads to Another '' is the group 's most successful single . Entering the chart at # 65 on August 27 , 1983 , it reached # 4 on the US Billboard Hot 100 in November 1983 . </P> <P> It also hit # 2 on the U.S. Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and went to # 1 in Canada as well . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Music video </Li> <Li> 2 Personnel </Li> <Li> 3 Cover versions </Li> <Li> 4 In media and popular culture </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Music video ( edit ) </H2> <P> The video begins at a science lab where Adam Woods is looking into a microscope observing a new dimension ( the wrist shackle in the video on the wall is seen on the cover of Reach the Beach ) . It shows a dimension in a black tunnel with lights on top where Cy Curnin is dancing in a classy navy blue double - breasted suit and open - necked white shirt . He is then in a bright tube , wearing a gray sleeveless shirt with his arms and shoulders exposed . Then , in a blue tunnel , he is running with a dog . It ends with the tunnel in a 3 - dimensional angle to see throughout the tube with the band members singing the rest of the song . </P> <H2> Personnel ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Cy Curnin -- vocals </Li> <Li> Rupert Greenall -- keyboards </Li> <Li> Jamie West - Oram -- guitar </Li> <Li> Adam Woods -- percussion , drums </Li> </Ul> <P> Additional musicians </P> <Ul> <Li> Alfie Agius -- bass </Li> </Ul> <H2> Cover versions ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` One Thing Leads to Another '' has been covered by the following artists : </P> <Ul> <Li> Jazz musician Joseph Patrick Moore on the 2004 album Drum & Bass Society , Volume 1 . </Li> <Li> Steven Strait covered it in the 2005 film Sky High . </Li> <Li> Color Theory covered this song in 2005 . This version was released on The Fixx : An Electronic Tribute . </Li> <Li> Oh My God covered this song on their 2009 album The Night Undoes the Work of the Day . </Li> <Li> Powerman 5000 covered the song on their 2011 album Copies , Clones & Replicants . </Li> <Li> American indie rock band Here We Go Magic performed a version of the song in November 2015 for The A.V. Club 's A.V. Undercover series . </Li> </Ul> <H2> In media and popular culture ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song is featured in the video game Grand Theft Auto : Vice City on the fictional radio station Flash FM . It was also featured in an episode of Everybody Hates Chris and in the 2009 horror film The House of the Devil . The song is featured in the Veronica Mars episode `` Ruskie Business ''. Featured in the `` Trauma '' episode of the HBO series Snowfall . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ https://www.discogs.com/Fixx-One-Thing-Leads-To-Another/release/599433 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://www.discogs.com/Fixx-One-Thing-Leads-To-Another/release/261767 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Billboard Hot 100 Chart Listing For The Week Of Nov 05 1983 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Track listing for Joseph Patrick Moore 's Drum & Bass Society , Vol. 1 , allmusic.com </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Sky High Original Soundtrack , allmusic.com </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Fixx : An Electronic Tribute , discogs.com </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Modell , Josh ( 10 November 2015 ) . `` Here We Go Magic covers The Fixx '' . The A.V. Club . Onion , Inc . Retrieved 10 November 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Music Of Veronica Mars : Episode 1 - 15 : `` Ruskie Business '' `` . Mars Investigations : The ( In ) Complete Guide to Veronica Mars . Retrieved January 12 , 2015 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> The Fixx </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Cy Curnin </Li> <Li> Jamie West - Oram </Li> <Li> Rupert Greenall </Li> <Li> Adam Woods </Li> <Li> Dan K. Brown </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Tony McGrail </Li> <Li> Charlie Barrett </Li> <Li> Alfie Agius </Li> <Li> Chris Tate </Li> <Li> Gary Tibbs </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Shuttered Room </Li> <Li> Reach the Beach </Li> <Li> Phantoms </Li> <Li> Walkabout </Li> <Li> Calm Animals </Li> <Li> Ink </Li> <Li> Elemental </Li> <Li> 1011 Woodland </Li> <Li> Want That Life </Li> <Li> Beautiful Friction </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Live albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> React </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Compilations </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ultimate Collection : The Fixx </Li> <Li> Happy Landings and Lost Tracks </Li> <Li> The Twenty - fifth Anniversary Anthology </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Singles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Stand or Fall '' </Li> <Li> `` Red Skies '' </Li> <Li> `` Saved by Zero '' </Li> <Li> `` One Thing Leads to Another '' </Li> <Li> `` Secret Separation '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related articles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Discography </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This 1980s rock song - related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=One_Thing_Leads_to_Another&oldid=802242430 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1983 singles </Li> <Li> 1984 singles </Li> <Li> The Fixx songs </Li> <Li> RPM Top Singles number - one singles </Li> <Li> 1983 songs </Li> <Li> Song recordings produced by Rupert Hine </Li> <Li> MCA Records singles </Li> <Li> 1980s rock song stubs </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> <Li> All articles with unsourced statements </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from March 2016 </Li> <Li> All stub articles </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Русский </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 24 September 2017 , at 22 : 00 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> | The song "One Thing Leads to Another" is sung by the | [
"new wave rock band The Fixx"
] | 311 | Who sings the song one thing leads to another? |
-599106694350296477 | Roar ( song ) - wikipedia <H1> Roar ( song ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Roar '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Katy Perry </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Prism </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> August 10 , 2013 ( 2013 - 08 - 10 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> CD </Li> <Li> digital download </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> March 2013 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Luke 's in the Boo ( Malibu , California ) </Li> <Li> Playback Recording Studio ( Santa Barbara , California ) </Li> <Li> MXM Studios ( Stockholm , Sweden ) </Li> <Li> Secret Garden Studios ( Montecito , California ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Pop </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 42 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Capitol </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Katy Perry </Li> <Li> Lukasz Gottwald </Li> <Li> Max Martin </Li> <Li> Bonnie McKee </Li> <Li> Henry Walter </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dr. Luke </Li> <Li> Max Martin </Li> <Li> Cirkut </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Katy Perry singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Wide Awake '' ( 2012 ) </Td> <Td> `` Roar '' ( 2013 ) </Td> <Td> `` Who You Love '' ( 2013 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Wide Awake '' ( 2012 ) </Td> <Td> `` Roar '' ( 2013 ) </Td> <Td> `` Who You Love '' ( 2013 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> `` Roar '' on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Roar '' is a song by American singer Katy Perry for her fourth studio album , Prism ( 2013 ) . It was released as the lead single from the record on August 10 , 2013 . Perry co-wrote the song with Bonnie McKee and its producers Dr. Luke , Max Martin , and Cirkut . It is a pop song containing elements of arena rock and lyrics centering on standing up for oneself and self - empowerment . Some critics praised the track 's production while others felt that its lyrics contained `` clichés '' . </P> <P> To promote the song , Perry performed under the Brooklyn Bridge at the end of the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards , on The X Factor Australia , at the Sydney Opera House in late October 2013 , and on the German TV show Schlag den Raab . Grady Hall and Mark Kudsi directed the song 's music video , which features Perry trying to adapt to the jungle where she survived a plane crash , and taming a tiger . It garnered generally mixed reviews from music critics . `` Roar '' was nominated for Song of the Year and Best Pop Solo Performance at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards . </P> <P> The song was a commercial success , topping charts in Australia , Austria , Canada , Ireland , Israel , Lebanon , New Zealand , Scotland , Slovenia , South Korea , the United Kingdom , and the United States . By the end of 2013 , `` Roar '' had sold 9.9 million units ( combined sales and track - equivalent streams ) globally according to the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry ( IFPI ) . `` Roar '' has sold over 6 million copies in the US , over 1 million in the UK , and was Australia 's best - selling single of 2013 with 560,000 copies sold within the year . When `` Roar '' was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , Perry became the first artist to have three Diamond certified singles in the country . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Production and composition </Li> <Li> 2 Release </Li> <Li> 3 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 4 Controversy </Li> <Li> 5 Commercial performance <Ul> <Li> 5.1 North America </Li> <Li> 5.2 Europe and Oceania </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Music video <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Synopsis </Li> <Li> 6.2 Reception </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Promotion and live performances </Li> <Li> 8 Cover versions and usage in media </Li> <Li> 9 Formats and track listings </Li> <Li> 10 Credits and personnel </Li> <Li> 11 Charts <Ul> <Li> 11.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 11.2 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 12 Certifications </Li> <Li> 13 See also </Li> <Li> 14 References </Li> <Li> 15 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Production and composition ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Roar '' A 23 second sample of `` Roar '' , a pop song with influences of rock subgenres that lyrically , revolves around a theme of empowerment . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Problems playing this file ? See media help . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The song was mixed by Serban Ghenea at MixStar Studios . `` Roar '' was recorded in four other studios : Luke 's in the Boo , Playback Recording Studio and Secret Garden Studios , all located in the state of California , as well as MXM Studios in Stockholm , Sweden Perry co-wrote the song with Bonnie McKee and its producers Dr. Luke , Max Martin , and Cirkut . All its development took place in March 2013 . McKee told MTV that `` Roar '' is `` kind of a ' pick yourself up and dust yourself off and keep going ' , female - empowerment song '' and `` kind of an epiphany song . '' Perry said she wrote the song after undergoing therapy , saying she was `` sick of keeping all these feelings inside and not speaking up for myself '' . </P> <P> Musically , `` Roar '' is a pop song that features elements of arena rock . Throughout the song , Perry `` flexes diva - like vocals '' , singing the lyric `` Hey ! '' several times in a way resemblant of The Lumineers . The song 's instrumentation is composed of `` pounding '' pianos and `` booming '' bass drums . According to the sheet music published by Alfred Publishing Co. , Inc. on Musicnotes.com , `` Roar '' is composed in the key of B ♭ major and set in a time signature at a moderate tempo of 90 beats per minute . Perry 's vocal range spawns from the low note B ♭ to the high note E ♭ , while the music follows the chord progression of B ♭ -- Cm -- Gm -- E ♭ . The song shares the theme of empowerment with Perry 's single `` Firework '' . Perry described the track as a song speaking about standing up for oneself . </P> <H2> Release ( edit ) </H2> <P> Perry announced `` Roar '' would be the first single from Prism with the release of a video teaser featuring the singer burning a blue wig . More video teasers were released onto YouTube , showing Perry at a funeral with a coffin decorated with the singer 's famous pink and white pinwheels dress , and entering a recording booth while dressed with a `` throwback '' jacket featured in the single 's cover art , which was revealed on August 8 , 2013 . It features a tiger print border around Perry , who wears a blue Japanese silk sukajan jacket , with the image of a tiger printed on its back . On the same day of the song 's digital release , a lyric video for it , produced by Joe Humpay , Aya Tanimura , Tim Zimmer , and Tuan Le , was released onto YouTube . It primarily shows Perry doing daily activities such as eating breakfast , going to the bathroom , and taking a bath , while texting the lyrics of `` Roar '' to friends . Some words are substituted with various Emoji characters . It was target of plagiarism accusations by music producer Dillon Francis , who felt it copied the concept of instant messaging from his video entitled `` Messages '' . </P> <P> The first video teaser for `` Roar '' was released on August 2 , 2013 along with an announcement that the American release was scheduled for August 12 with a subsequent release to mainstream radio on August 13 . However , the song debuted two days earlier than expected by ' leaking ' on August 10 . The UK release was originally scheduled for September 8 , but on August 30 Perry announced the release date would be moved up to September 1 . </P> <H2> Critical reception ( edit ) </H2> Many critics have noted similarities between `` Roar '' and Sara Bareilles 's `` Brave '' <P> Miriam Coleman from Rolling Stone appreciated the songs 's `` easy poppy beat '' and its `` repeated refrains '' , factors she believed contributed to make the song a `` determined note for the new album '' . James Montgomery of MTV described it as `` one of the more perfect pop songs to come down the pipeline in quite a while '' . Gerrick D. Kennedy from Los Angeles Times also gave a positive review , classifying `` Roar '' as a `` sweet , poppy confection with a bit of bite '' . Melinda Newman from HitFix saw the song as a `` change of pace '' for Perry , whilst Andrew Hampp from Billboard believed it to be a return to the style of her album One of the Boys , but criticized its tempo and its lyrics that `` rarely rise above easy clichés and rhymes '' . Sal Cinquemani from Slant Magazine described the song as `` more of a yelp than a roar '' . </P> <H2> Controversy ( edit ) </H2> <P> Upon the release of `` Roar '' , many accused Perry of copying Sara Bareilles ' `` Brave '' . When Bareilles herself was asked about the controversy between the two songs , she responded : `` Katy 's a friend of mine and we 've known each other a really long time '' , and was upset that there was a `` negative spin on two artists that are choosing to share positive messages . '' She also mentioned she had known about `` Roar '' before its release and stated `` If I 'm not mad I do n't know why anybody else is upset '' . In response to the accusations , Dr. Luke tweeted on August 14 , 2013 : `` Roar was written and recorded before Brave came out . '' In direct response to the attention `` Brave '' received as a result of the plagiarism accusations , Bareilles ' record label , Epic Records , decided to promote `` Brave '' to the mainstream pop radio format . </P> <H2> Commercial performance ( edit ) </H2> <H3> North America ( edit ) </H3> <P> On the Billboard Hot 100 , the song debuted at number 85 on the week - ending August 14 , 2013 due to radio airplay . The following week , during its first week on sale , `` Roar '' sold 557,000 digital copies , earning Perry the highest first - week sales numbers of 2013 and also her biggest digital song sales week ever , breaking her previous record held by `` Firework '' , which sold 509,000 digital copies for the week ending January 8 , 2011 . The song soared eighty - three positions to number two in its second week , kept from the top spot by only Robin Thicke 's `` Blurred Lines '' , while becoming Perry 's twelfth top - ten hit single in the United States , and her | The theme of the song "Roar" by Katy Perry is | [
"standing up for oneself"
] | 395 | Theme of the song roar by katy perry? |
6341281025332348318 | the Super Bowl ) . </P> <H3> Salaries ( edit ) </H3> <P> The NFL allows each team a certain amount of money from its salary cap to sign its drafted rookies for their first season . That amount is based on an undisclosed formula that assigns a certain value to each pick in the draft ; thus , having more picks , or earlier picks , will increase the allotment . In 2008 the highest allotment was about $8.22 million for the Kansas City Chiefs , who had 12 picks , including two first - rounders , while the lowest was the $1.79 million for the Cleveland Browns who had only five picks , and none in the first three rounds . The exact mechanism for the rookie salary cap is set out in the NFL 's collective bargaining agreement ( CBA ) with the National Football League Players Association ( NFLPA ) . ( Those numbers represent the cap hits that each rookie 's salary may contribute , not the total amount of money paid out . ) </P> <P> The drafted players are paid salaries commensurate with the position in which they were drafted . High first - round picks get paid the most , and low - round picks get paid the least . There is a de facto pay scale for drafted rookies . After the draft , non-drafted rookies may sign a contract with any team in the league . These rookie free - agents are not usually paid as well as drafted players , nearly all of them signing for the predetermined rookie minimum and a small signing bonus . </P> <P> Two other facets of the rookie salary cap impact the makeup of rosters . First , the base salaries of rookie free agents do not count towards the rookie salary cap , though certain bonuses do . Second , if a rookie is traded , his cap allotment remains with the team that originally drafted him , which make trades involving rookie players relatively rare . ( This rule does not apply , however , to rookies that are waived by the teams that drafted them . ) </P> <P> Teams can also agree to a contract with a draft - eligible player before the draft itself starts . They can only do this if they have the first overall pick , as by agreeing to terms with a player the team has already `` selected '' which player they will draft . A recent example of this would be quarterback Matthew Stafford and the Detroit Lions in the 2009 NFL Draft . The Lions , with the first overall selection in the draft , agreed to a 6 - year , $78 million deal with $41.7 million guaranteed with Stafford a day before the draft officially started . By agreeing to the deal , Stafford had already been chosen as the first overall pick in the draft . </P> <H3> Forfeiture ( edit ) </H3> <P> The commissioner has the ability to forfeit picks the team is allotted in a draft . For example , in the 2007 NFL season , the New England Patriots were penalized for videotaping the Jets ' defensive signals outside of a designated area . As a result , the Patriots forfeited their first - round pick in the 2008 NFL Draft . Similarly , the San Francisco 49ers were forced to forfeit a fifth - round pick in the same draft for tampering with a player under contract to the Chicago Bears , and were also forced to swap third - round selections with the Bears ( moving the 49ers down and the Bears up six spots ) . Also , NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell penalized the New Orleans Saints by taking away their 2nd round picks in the 2012 and 2013 NFL drafts in the wake of the New Orleans Saints bounty scandal . Another time this has happened was in the 2016 NFL Draft where the Patriots ' 1st round pick was taken away for Deflategate . </P> <H3> Team policies ( edit ) </H3> <P> Teams vary greatly in their selection methodologies . Owners , general managers , coaches , and others may or may not participate . For the 1983 draft , for example , the Pittsburgh Steelers ' head coach Chuck Noll had what team executive Art Rooney , Jr. later described as `` the final say '' over picks , even over his father , team owner Art Rooney . New England Patriots head coach Ron Meyer , by contrast , later stated that the team , led by owner Billy Sullivan , excluded the coaching staff from any personnel - related decisions , even prohibiting him from reading scouting reports . Had he had the decision - making authority , Meyer said , he would not have chosen Tony Eason in the first round of the 1983 draft . </P> <H2> Events leading up to the draft ( edit ) </H2> <H3> NFL draft Advisory Board decisions ( edit ) </H3> Main article : NFL Draft Advisory Board <P> College football players who are considering entering the NFL draft but who still have eligibility to play football can request an expert opinion from the NFL - created Draft Advisory Board . The Board , composed of scouting experts and team executives , makes a prediction as to the likely round in which a player would be drafted . This information , which has proven to be fairly accurate , can help college players determine whether to enter the draft or to continue playing and improving at the college level . There are also many famous reporting scouts , such as Mel Kiper Jr . </P> <H3> NFL scouting Combine ( edit ) </H3> Main article : NFL Scouting Combine <P> The NFL Scouting Combine is a six - day assessment of skills occurring every year in late February or early March in Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis , Indiana . College football players perform physical and mental tests in front of NFL coaches , general managers , and scouts . With increasing interest in the NFL draft , the scouting combine has grown in scope and significance , allowing personnel directors to evaluate upcoming prospects in a standardized setting . Its origins have evolved from the National , BLESTO , and Quadra Scouting services in 1977 to the media frenzy it has become today . Athletes attend by invitation only . Implications of one 's performance during the Combine can affect perception , draft status , salary , and ultimately his career . The draft has popularized the term `` Workout Warrior '' ( sometimes known as a `` Workout Wonder '' ) , describing an athlete who , based on superior measurables such as size , speed , and strength , has increased his `` draft stock '' despite having a possibly average or subpar college career . </P> <H3> Pro day ( edit ) </H3> <P> Each university has a Pro Day , during which the NCAA allows NFL scouts to visit the school and watch players participate in NFL Combine events together . ( Some smaller universities join with nearby schools . ) Essentially job fairs for prospective NFL players , Pro Days are held under the belief that players feel more comfortable at their own campus than they do at the Combine , which in turn leads to better performances . College teams which produce a large quantity of NFL prospects generally generate huge interest from scouts and coaches at their Pro Days . </P> <H3> Pre-draft visits ( edit ) </H3> <P> Each NFL team is allowed to transport a maximum of 30 draft - eligible players for the purposes of physical examinations , interviews , and written tests . If a player attends a school or grew up in the same `` metropolitan area '' as the team that is inviting the player , that visit is not counted towards the 30 - player limit . </P> <H2> Tickets ( edit ) </H2> <P> Tickets to the NFL draft are free and made available to fans on a first - come first - served basis . The tickets are distributed at the box office the morning of the draft , one ticket per person . </P> <H2> Venue ( edit ) </H2> <P> The NFL Draft is bid on each year by NFL cities and is held in the city of the winning bid in a process that began in 2015 . The 2006 draft was held at New York City 's Radio City Music Hall , the first time this venue had hosted the gala , and it was held there until 2015 , when the draft was held in Chicago 's Auditorium Theater . The move marked the first time that the Draft had been in Chicago since 1964 . The Theater at Madison Square Garden had hosted the event for a ten - year period , but the NFL moved it to the Javits Convention Center in 2005 following a dispute with the Cablevision - owned arena , who were opposing the West Side Stadium , which would have served as home of the New York Jets and the centerpiece of the New York City bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics , because the new stadium would have competed with the Garden for concerts and other events . </P> `` Selection Square '' for the 2016 NFL Draft at Grant Park 's Buckingham Fountain in Chicago . <P> Chicago : 1938 , 1942 -- 1943 , 1951 , 1962 -- 1964 , 2015 -- 2016 ( 9 ) </P> <Ul> <Li> Auditorium Theatre and Grant Park : 2015 , 2016 ( 2 ) </Li> <Li> Blackstone Hotel : 1951 , 1962 , 1963 , 1964 ( 4 ) </Li> <Li> Palmer House Hotel : 1942 , 1943 ( 2 ) </Li> <Li> Sherman House Hotel : 1938 ( 1 ) </Li> </Ul> <P> Dallas : 2018 ( 1 ) </P> <Ul> <Li> AT&T Stadium : 2018 </Li> </Ul> <P> Los Angeles : 1956 ( 1 ) </P> <Ul> <Li> Ambassador Hotel : 1956 * ( 1 ) </Li> </Ul> <P> Milwaukee : 1940 ( 1 ) </P> <Ul> <Li> Schroeder Hotel : 1940 ( 1 ) </Li> </Ul> The set for the 2010 NFL Draft at Radio City Music Hall in New York City <P> New York City : 1937 , 1939 , 1944 -- 1945 , 1947 , 1952 , 1955 , 1965 -- 2014 ( 57 ) </P> <Ul> <Li> Americana Hotel : 1973 , 1974 ( 2 ) </Li> <Li> Belmont Plaza Hotel : 1968 , 1969 , 1970 , 1971 ( 4 ) </Li> <Li> Essex House : 1972 ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> Gotham Hotel : 1967 ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> Hilton at Rockefeller Center : 1975 ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> Commodore Hotel : 1944 , 1945 , 1947 ( 3 ) </Li> <Li> Hotel Lincoln : 1937 ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> Hotel Statler : 1952 ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> Javits Convention Center : 2005 ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> New York Marriott Marquis 1986 , 1987 , 1988 , 1989 , 1990 , 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 ( 9 ) </Li> <Li> New York Sheraton Hotel / Omni Park Central Hotel : 1980 , 1981 , 1982 , 1983 , 1984 , 1985 ( 6 ) </Li> <Li> New Yorker Hotel : 1939 ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> Radio City Music Hall : 2006 , 2007 , 2008 , 2009 , 2010 , 2011 , 2012 , 2013 , 2014 ( 9 ) </Li> <Li> Roosevelt Hotel 1976 , 1977 , 1978 ( 3 ) </Li> <Li> Summit Hotel : 1965 , 1966 ( 2 ) </Li> <Li> Theater at Madison Square Garden : 1995 , 1996 , 1997 , 1998 , 1999 . 2000 , 2001 , 2002 , 2003 , 2004 ( 10 ) </Li> <Li> Waldorf - Astoria Hotel : 1979 ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> Warwick Hotel : 1955 ( 1 ) </Li> </Ul> The stage for the 2017 | The players in the NFL draft are picked by | [
"NFL coaches, general managers, and scouts"
] | 5,469 | Who picks the players in the nfl draft? |
6797662554091549033 | Rear - view mirror - Wikipedia <H1> Rear - view mirror </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Rear - view mirror ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> hide This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( March 2009 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article possibly contains original research . Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed . ( March 2009 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> Rear - view mirror showing cars parked behind the vehicle containing the mirror <P> A rear - view mirror ( or rearview mirror ) is a mirror in automobiles and other vehicles , designed to allow the driver to see rearward through the vehicle 's rear window ( rear windshield ) . </P> <P> In cars , the rear - view mirror is usually affixed to the top of the windshield on a double - swivel mount allowing it to be adjusted to suit the height and viewing angle of any driver and to swing harmlessly out of the way if impacted by a vehicle occupant in a collision . </P> <P> The rear - view mirror is augmented by one or more side - view mirrors , which serve as the only rear - vision mirrors on motorcycles and bicycles . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Augmentations and alternatives </Li> <Li> 3 Anti-glare <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Automatic dimming </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Trucks and buses </Li> <Li> 5 Motorcycles </Li> <Li> 6 Other uses <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Bicycles </Li> <Li> 6.2 Aircraft </Li> <Li> 6.3 Computer monitors </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Ray Harroun 's Marmon `` Wasp '' with its rear - view mirror mounted on struts above the car on display in the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Hall of Fame Museum . <P> Among the rear - view mirror 's early uses is a mention by Dorothy Levitt in her 1909 book The Woman and the Car which noted that women should `` carry a little hand - mirror in a convenient place when driving '' so they may `` hold the mirror aloft from time to time in order to see behind while driving in traffic '' . However , earlier use is described in 1906 , in a trade magazine noting mirrors for showing what is coming behind now popular on closed bodied automobiles , and to likely be widely adopted in a short time . The same year , a Mr. Henri Cain from France patented a `` Warning mirror for automobiles '' . The Argus Dash Mirror , adjustable to any position to see the road behind , appeared in 1908 . Earliest known rear - view mirror mounted on a racing vehicle appeared on Ray Harroun 's Marmon race car at the inaugural Indianapolis 500 race in 1911 . Harroun himself claimed he got the idea from seeing a mirror used for a similar purpose on a horse - drawn vehicle in 1904 . Harroun also claimed that the mirror vibrated constantly due to the rough brick surface , and it was rendered largely useless . </P> <P> Elmer Berger is usually credited with inventing the rear - view mirror , though in fact he was the first to patent it ( 1921 ) and develop it for incorporation into production streetgoing automobiles by his Berger and Company . </P> <H2> Augmentations and alternatives ( edit ) </H2> <P> Recently , rear - view video cameras have been built into many new model cars , this was partially in response to the rear - view mirrors ' inability to show the road directly behind the car , due to the rear deck or trunk obscuring as much as 3 -- 5 metres ( 10 -- 15 feet ) of road behind the car . As many as 50 small children are killed by SUVs every year in the USA because the driver can not see them in their rear - view mirrors . Camera systems are usually mounted to the rear bumper or lower parts of the car , allowing for better rear visibility . </P> <P> Aftermarket secondary rear - view mirrors are available . They attach to the main rear - view mirror and are independently adjustable to view the back seat . This is useful to enable adults to monitor children in the back seat . </P> <H2> Anti-glare ( edit ) </H2> Glare from a following vehicle 's headlamps in a rear view mirror <Table> Prismatic anti-glare <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Day position Night position Show all In the `` day '' position , the driver sees the road behind by reflection on the ( rear ) metal surface . In the `` night '' position , the driver sees the dimmer reflection on the ( front ) glass coating . The light is attenuated in the second mode , which partially compensates the pupillary response . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> A prismatic rear - view mirror -- sometimes called a `` day / night mirror '' -- can be tilted to reduce the brightness and glare of lights , mostly for high - beam headlights of vehicles behind which would otherwise be reflected directly into the driver 's eyes at night . This type of mirror is made of a piece of glass that is wedge - shaped in cross section -- its front and rear surfaces are not parallel . </P> <P> On manual tilt versions , a tab is used to adjust the mirror between `` day '' and `` night '' positions . In the day view position , the front surface is tilted and the reflective back side gives a strong reflection . When the mirror is moved to the night view position , its reflecting rear surface is tilted out of line with the driver 's view . This view is actually a reflection off the low - reflection front surface ; only a much - reduced amount of light is reflected into the driver 's eyes . </P> <P> `` Manual tilt '' day / night mirrors first began appearing in the 1930s and became standard equipment on most passenger cars and trucks by the early 1970s . </P> <H3> Automatic dimming ( edit ) </H3> <P> In the 1949s , American inventor Jacob Rabinow developed a light - sensitive automatic mechanism for the wedge - type day / night mirror . Several Chrysler Corporation cars offered these automatic mirrors as optional equipment as early as 1959 , but few customers ordered them for their cars and the item was soon withdrawn from the option lists . Several automakers began offering rear - view mirrors with automatic dimming again in 1983 , and it was in the late 1980s that they began to catch on in popularity . </P> <P> Current systems usually use photosensors mounted in the rear - view mirror to detect light and dim the mirror by means of electrochromism . This electrochromic feature has also been incorporated into side - view mirrors allowing them to dim and reduce glare as well . </P> <H2> Trucks and buses ( edit ) </H2> <P> On trucks and buses the load often blocks rearward vision out the backlight . In the U.S. virtually all trucks and buses have a side view mirror on each side , often mounted on the doors and viewed out the side windows , which are used for rear vision . These mirrors leave a large unviewable ( `` blind '' ) area behind the vehicle , which tapers down as the distance increases . This is a safety issue which the driver must compensate for , often with a person guiding the truck back in congested areas , or by backing in a curve . `` Spot mirrors '' , a convex mirror which provides a distorted image of the entire side of the vehicle , are commonly mounted on at least the right side of a vehicle . In the U.S. mirrors are considered `` safety equipment '' , and are not included in width restrictions . </P> <H2> Motorcycles ( edit ) </H2> <P> Depending on the type of motorcycle , the motorcycle may or may not have rear - view mirrors . Street - legal motorcycles are generally required to have rear - view mirrors . Motorcycles for off - road use only normally do not have rear - view mirrors . Rear - view mirrors come in various shapes and designs , and have various methods of mounting the mirrors to the motorcycle , most commonly to the handlebars . Rear - view mirrors can also be attached to the rider 's motorcycle helmet . </P> <H2> Other uses ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Bicycles ( edit ) </H3> A bicycle with rear - view mirrors formerly on an automobile <P> Some bicycles are equipped with a rear - view mirror mounted on a handlebar . Rear - view mirrors may also be fitted to the bicycle frame , on a helmet or the frame of a pair of eyeglasses . This allows what is behind to be checked continuously without turning round . Rear - view mirrors almost never come with a new bicycle and require an additional purchase . </P> <H3> Aircraft ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1956 , the Civil Aeronautical Administration proposed a rear - view mirror mounted right above the pilot to keep an eye when private aircraft are landing or taxiing on the runway to prevent collisions . Fighter aircraft usually have one or more rear - view mirrors mounted on the front canopy frame to watch out for chasing aircraft . </P> <H3> Computer monitors ( edit ) </H3> <P> Some computer monitors are fitted with rear - view mirrors to see if anyone is positioned behind the user where they can see sensitive information , such as names and passwords , being keyed in or on the screen . These are used especially on automated teller machines and similar . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Automatic parking </Li> <Li> Backup collision </Li> <Li> Backup camera </Li> <Li> Blind spot monitor </Li> <Li> Blind spot ( vehicle ) </Li> <Li> Intelligent Parking Assist System </Li> <Li> Experimental Safety Vehicle ( ESV ) </Li> <Li> Intelligent car </Li> <Li> Lane departure warning system </Li> <Li> Objects in mirror are closer than they appear - Discusses use of the safety warning as a catch phrase in other contexts . </Li> <Li> Precrash system </Li> <Li> Wing mirror </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ The Automobile ( weekly ) , Thursday , December 27 , 1906 , p. 910 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Brevet d'invention : dispositif de miroir avertisseur pour automobiles '' . Institut national de la propriété intellectuelle . January 8 , 1907 . Retrieved October 15 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Cycle & Automobile Trade Journal , December 1 , 1908 , p249 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` All female team create award - winning concept car '' . Volvo . Archived from the original on 2006 - 08 - 30 . Retrieved 2006 - 12 - 14 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Ward 's Auto World : Rearview Mirror Archived 26 April 2005 at the Wayback Machine . </Li> <Li> Jump | The mirror used in vehicles for rear view is the | [
"rear-view mirror"
] | 200 | Which mirror is used in vehicles for rear view? |
647605647914971565 | The Phantom of the Opera ( 1986 musical ) - wikipedia <H1> The Phantom of the Opera ( 1986 musical ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` The Phantom of the Opera ( musical ) '' redirects here . For other musicals based on the Gaston Leroux novel , see The Phantom of the Opera ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Phantom of the Opera </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music </Th> <Td> Andrew Lloyd Webber </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Lyrics </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Charles Hart <Ul> <Li> Richard Stilgoe ( additional ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Book </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Andrew Lloyd Webber </Li> <Li> Richard Stilgoe </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Basis </Th> <Td> Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Premiere </Th> <Td> 9 October 1986 : Her Majesty 's Theatre , London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Productions </Th> <Td> See list <Ul> <Li> 1986 West End </Li> <Li> 1988 Broadway </Li> <Li> 1988 Vienna </Li> <Li> 1988 Tokyo </Li> <Li> 1989 Toronto </Li> <Li> 1989 Stockholm </Li> <Li> 1989 Los Angeles </Li> <Li> 1990 Hamburg </Li> <Li> 1990 Melbourne </Li> <Li> 1991 First US Tour </Li> <Li> 1992 Second US Tour </Li> <Li> 1993 San Francisco </Li> <Li> 1993 Scheveningen </Li> <Li> 1996 Basel </Li> <Li> 1997 Auckland </Li> <Li> 1999 Mexico City </Li> <Li> 2000 Copenhagen </Li> <Li> 2001 South Korea </Li> <Li> 2002 Madrid </Li> <Li> 2003 Budapest </Li> <Li> 2004 Film </Li> <Li> 2005 São Paulo </Li> <Li> 2006 Las Vegas Spectacular </Li> <Li> 2007 Melbourne </Li> <Li> 2008 Third US Tour </Li> <Li> 2008 Warsaw </Li> <Li> 2009 Buenos Aires </Li> <Li> 2009 South Korea </Li> <Li> 2011 25th Anniversary </Li> <Li> 2012 UK Tour </Li> <Li> 2013 North American Tour </Li> <Li> 2013 Hamburg </Li> <Li> 2014 Moscow </Li> <Li> 2014 Tartu </Li> <Li> 2014 Prague </Li> <Li> 2015 Helsinki </Li> <Li> 2015 New Zealand Tour </Li> <Li> 2015 Puerto Rico </Li> <Li> 2016 Stockholm </Li> <Li> 2017 Belgrade </Li> <Li> Various international and amateur productions </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Awards </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical </Li> <Li> Tony Award for Best Musical </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Phantom of the Opera is a musical with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Charles Hart and Richard Stilgoe . Lloyd Webber and Stilgoe also wrote the musical 's book together . Based on the French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux , its central plot revolves around a beautiful soprano , Christine Daaé , who becomes the obsession of a mysterious , disfigured musical genius living in the subterranean labyrinth beneath the Opera Populaire . </P> <P> The musical opened in London 's West End in 1986 , and on Broadway in 1988 . It won the 1986 Olivier Award and the 1988 Tony Award for Best Musical , and Michael Crawford ( in the title role ) won the Olivier and Tony Awards for Best Actor in a Musical . It is the longest running show in Broadway history by a wide margin , and celebrated its 10,000 th Broadway performance on 11 February 2012 , the first production ever to do so . It is the second longest - running West End musical , after Les Misérables , and the third longest - running West End show overall , after The Mousetrap . </P> <P> With total estimated worldwide gross receipts of over $ 5.6 billion and total Broadway gross of $845 million , Phantom was the most financially successful entertainment event until The Lion King surpassed it in 2014 . By 2011 , it had been seen by over 130 million people in 145 cities across 27 countries , and continues to play in London and New York . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Development <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Idea </Li> <Li> 1.2 Lyricists </Li> <Li> 1.3 Score </Li> <Li> 1.4 Design , direction , and choreography </Li> <Li> 1.5 First preview at Sydmonton </Li> <Li> 1.6 West End </Li> <Li> 1.7 Broadway </Li> <Li> 1.8 Amateur productions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Synopsis <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Prologue </Li> <Li> 2.2 Act I </Li> <Li> 2.3 Act II </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Casting <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Original casts </Li> <Li> 3.2 West End replacements </Li> <Li> 3.3 Broadway replacements </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Musical numbers </Li> <Li> 5 Orchestra </Li> <Li> 6 Recordings <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Sales and certifications <Ul> <Li> 6.1. 1 Original 1986 London production </Li> <Li> 6.1. 2 Local productions </Li> <Li> 6.1. 3 Highlights From The Phantom of the Opera </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Allegations of plagiarism </Li> <Li> 8 Other productions <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Film version </Li> <Li> 8.2 Phantom : The Las Vegas Spectacular </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Copyright release </Li> <Li> 10 Awards and nominations <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Original London production </Li> <Li> 10.2 Original Broadway production </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Sequel </Li> <Li> 12 See also </Li> <Li> 13 Notes </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Idea ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1984 , Lloyd Webber contacted Cameron Mackintosh , the co-producer of Cats and Song and Dance , to propose a new musical . He was aiming for a romantic piece , and suggested Gaston Leroux 's book The Phantom of the Opera as a basis . They screened both the 1925 Lon Chaney and the 1943 Claude Rains motion picture versions , but neither saw an effective way to make the leap from film to stage . Later , in New York , Lloyd Webber found a second - hand copy of the original , long - out - of - print Leroux novel , which supplied the necessary inspiration to develop a musical : `` I was actually writing something else at the time , and I realised that the reason I was hung up was because I was trying to write a major romantic story , and I had been trying to do that ever since I started my career . Then with the Phantom , it was there ! '' </P> <H3> Lyricists ( edit ) </H3> <P> Lloyd Webber first approached Jim Steinman to write the lyrics because of his `` dark obsessive side '' , but he declined in order to fulfill his commitments on a Bonnie Tyler album . Alan Jay Lerner was then recruited , but he became seriously ill after joining the project and was forced to withdraw ; none of his contributions ( mostly involving the song `` Masquerade '' ) are credited in the show . Richard Stilgoe , the lyricist for Starlight Express , wrote most of the original lyrics for the production . Charles Hart , a young and then - relatively unknown lyricist , later rewrote many of the lyrics , along with original lyrics for `` Think of Me '' . Some of Stilgoe 's original contributions are still present in the final version , however . </P> <H3> Score ( edit ) </H3> <P> Inspired in part by an earlier musical version of the same story by Ken Hill , Lloyd Webber 's score is sometimes operatic in style but maintains the form and structure of a musical throughout . The full - fledged operatic passages are reserved principally for subsidiary characters such as Andre and Firmin , Carlotta , and Piangi . They are also used to provide the content of the fictional `` operas '' that are taking place within the show itself , viz. , Hannibal , Il Muto , and the Phantom 's masterwork , Don Juan Triumphant . `` Here , Lloyd Webber pastiched various styles from the grand operas of Meyerbeer through to Mozart and even Gilbert and Sullivan . '' These pieces are often presented as musical fragments , interrupted by dialogue or action sequences in order to clearly define the musical 's `` show within a show '' format . The musical extracts from the Phantom 's opera , `` Don Juan Triumphant '' , during the latter stages of the show , are dissonant and modern -- `` suggesting , perhaps , that the Phantom is ahead of his time artistically '' . </P> <H3> Design , direction , and choreography ( edit ) </H3> <P> Maria Björnson designed the sets and over 200 costumes , including the elaborate gowns in the `` Masquerade '' sequence . Her set designs , including the chandelier , subterranean gondola , and sweeping staircase , earned her multiple awards . Hal Prince , director of Cabaret , Candide , Follies , and Lloyd Webber 's Evita , directed the production , while Gillian Lynne , associate director and choreographer of Cats , provided the integral musical staging and choreography . </P> <H3> First preview at Sydmonton ( edit ) </H3> <P> A preview of the first act was staged at Sydmonton ( Lloyd Webber 's home ) in 1985 , starring Colm Wilkinson ( later the star of the Toronto production ) as the Phantom , Sarah Brightman as Kristin ( later Christine ) , and Clive Carter ( later a member of the London cast ) as Raoul . This very preliminary production used Richard Stilgoe 's original unaltered lyrics , and many songs sported names that were later changed , such as `` What Has Time Done to Me '' ( `` Think of Me '' ) , and `` Papers '' ( `` Notes '' ) . The Phantom 's original mask covered the entire face and remained in place throughout the performance , obscuring the actor 's vision and muffling his voice . Björnson designed the now - iconic half - mask to replace it , and the unmasking sequence was added . Clips of this preview performance were included on the DVD of the 2004 film production . </P> <H3> West End ( edit ) </H3> <P> Phantom began previews at Her Majesty 's Theatre in London 's West End on 27 September 1986 under the direction of Hal Prince , then opened on 9 October . It was choreographed by Gillian Lynne and the sets were designed by Maria Björnson , with lighting by Andrew Bridge . Michael Crawford starred in the title role with Sarah Brightman as Christine and Steve Barton as Raoul . The production , still playing at Her Majesty 's , celebrated its 10,000 th performance on 23 October 2010 , with Lloyd Webber and the original Phantom , Michael Crawford , in attendance . It is the second longest - running musical in West End ( and world ) history behind Les Misérables , and third overall behind The Mousetrap . </P> <P> A 25th - anniversary stage performance was held in London on 1 and 2 October 2011 at the Royal Albert Hall and was screened live in cinemas worldwide . The production was produced by Cameron Mackintosh , directed by Laurence Connor , musical staging & choreography by Gillian Lynne , set design by Matt Kinley , costume design by Maria Björnson , lighting design by Patrick Woodroffe , and sound design by Mick Potter . The cast included Ramin Karimloo as the Phantom , Sierra Boggess as Christine , Hadley Fraser as Raoul , Wynne Evans as Piangi , Wendy Ferguson as Carlotta , Barry James as Monsieur Firmin , Gareth Snook as Monsieur Andre , Liz Robertson as Madame Giry , and Daisy Maywood as Meg Giry . Lloyd Webber and several original cast members , including Crawford and Brightman , were in attendance . A DVD and Blu - ray of the performance was released in February 2012 , and it began airing in March 2012 on PBS 's `` Great Performances '' television series . </P> <P> In March 2012 , a new production directed by Laurence Connor began a UK and Ireland tour to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the show , beginning at the Theatre Royal Plymouth and travelled to Manchester , Bristol , | The lyrics for Phantom of the Opera were written by | [
"Charles Hart and Richard Stilgoe"
] | 402 | Who wrote lyrics for phantom of the opera? |
6268706985209815767 | Mount & Blade : With Fire & Sword - wikipedia <H1> Mount & Blade : With Fire & Sword </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Mount & Blade : With Fire & Sword </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Developer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Snowberry Connection Sich Studio TaleWorlds </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher ( s ) </Th> <Td> Paradox Interactive 1C Company </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Series </Th> <Td> Mount & Blade </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Platform ( s ) </Th> <Td> Microsoft Windows </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> NA : May 4 , 2011 </Li> <Li> EU : May 4 , 2011 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre ( s ) </Th> <Td> Action role - playing , strategy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mode ( s ) </Th> <Td> Single - player , multiplayer </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Mount & Blade : With Fire & Sword is a stand - alone expansion for the action role - playing video game Mount & Blade . The game is developed by Sich Studio and TaleWorlds and was published by Paradox Interactive in Europe . The game and its storyline is loosely based on the novel With Fire and Sword by Henryk Sienkiewicz , depicting Poland 's 1648 - 51 war against Khmelnytsky Uprising in Ukraine , and its sequels dealing with the invasion of Poland by Sweden and with Polish wars against the Ottoman Empire . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Gameplay </Li> <Li> 2 Reception </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Gameplay ( edit ) </H2> See also : Mount & Blade § Gameplay <P> The gameplay is based on that of Mount & Blade : Warband , with similar controls in regards to melee and archery . Like its predecessors , With Fire and Sword is an action role - playing game . This installment allows the player to fight for one of five factions in an effort to control Eastern Europe , however only three have a proper storyline . The game is set in a later , more modern period than earlier titles with access to pistols , grenades , and other equipment of the post-medieval era . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Reception </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Aggregate scores </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Aggregator </Th> <Th> Score </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> GameRankings </Td> <Td> 66.94 / 100 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Metacritic </Td> <Td> 68 / 100 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Review scores </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication </Th> <Th> Score </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> GameSpot </Td> <Td> 7.5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> IGN </Td> <Td> 7.5 / 10 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> With Fire and Sword received lukewarm reviews from critics and fans alike , bring in a Metacritic score of 68 and GameRankings score of 66.94 . GameZone gave the game 7 / 10 , stating `` Mount & Blade : With Fire and Sword is the right fit for anyone interested in sweeping historical epics as well as incredibly complex and realistic RPGs . A fantastic entry for fans of the genre . '' However , many players complained about the aiming mechanics , and some players on Steam complained that `` Mount & Blade : With Fire and Sword '' was `` more like additional content for classic mode than its own game . '' </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Thomsen , Michael ( 24 January 2011 ) . `` Mount and Blade : With Fire and Sword Preview '' . IGN.com . Retrieved 27 January 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Todd , Brett ( 14 May 2011 ) . `` Mount & Blade : With Fire & Sword Review '' . Gamespot . Retrieved 6 June 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Mount & Blade : With Fire & Sword '' . Metacritic . Retrieved 30 April 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Mount & Blade : With Fire & Sword '' . GameRankings . Retrieved 30 April 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Gesualdi , Vito . `` Mount & Blade : With Fire and Sword Review '' . Gamezone . Archived from the original on 27 May 2012 . Retrieved 30 April 2012 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> TaleWorlds ' website </Li> <Li> Snowberry Connection ' website </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Henryk Sienkiewicz 's Trilogy </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> With Fire and Sword </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Historical figures </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> John Casimir </Li> <Li> Jeremi Wiśniowiecki </Li> <Li> Bohdan Khmelnytsky </Li> <Li> Adam Kisiel </Li> <Li> Ivan Vyhovsky </Li> <Li> Ivan Bohun </Li> <Li> Tugay Bey </Li> <Li> İslâm III Giray </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fictional characters </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jan Skrzetuski </Li> <Li> Onufry Zagłoba </Li> <Li> Michał Wołodyjowski </Li> <Li> Longinus Podbipięta </Li> <Li> Yuri Bohun </Li> <Li> Helena Kurcewiczówna </Li> <Li> Rzędzian </Li> <Li> Horpyna </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Adaptations </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> With Fire and Sword ( 1999 film ) </Li> <Li> Mount & Blade : With Fire & Sword ( video game ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> The Deluge </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Historical figures </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Janusz Radziwiłł </Li> <Li> Bogusław Radziwiłł </Li> <Li> Paweł Jan Sapieha </Li> <Li> John II Casimir Vasa </Li> <Li> Stefan Czarniecki </Li> <Li> Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fictional characters </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Andrzej Kmicic </Li> <Li> Michał Wołodyjowski </Li> <Li> Aleksandra Billewiczówna </Li> <Li> Onufry Zagłoba </Li> <Li> Jan Skrzetuski </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Adaptations </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Deluge ( 1974 film ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fire in the Steppe </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Historical figures </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> John Sobieski </Li> <Li> Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki </Li> <Li> Petro Doroshenko </Li> <Li> Mikołaj Potocki </Li> <Li> Kara Mustafa Pasha </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fictional characters </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Michał Wołodyjowski </Li> <Li> Ketling </Li> <Li> Onufry Zagłoba </Li> <Li> Azja </Li> <Li> Barbara Jeziorkowska </Li> <Li> Krystyna Drohojowska </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Adaptations </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Colonel Wolodyjowski ( 1969 film ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Mount & Blade series </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Games </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mount & Blade </Li> <Li> Warband </Li> <Li> With Fire & Sword </Li> <Li> II : Bannerlord </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Companies </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> TaleWorlds Entertainment </Li> <Li> Paradox Interactive </Li> <Li> 1C Company </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> With Fire and Sword </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mount_%26_Blade:_With_Fire_%26_Sword&oldid=830134186 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Role - playing video games </Li> <Li> Action role - playing video games </Li> <Li> Multiplayer online games </Li> <Li> Open world video games </Li> <Li> TaleWorlds games </Li> <Li> Video game expansion packs </Li> <Li> Video games based on novels </Li> <Li> Windows games </Li> <Li> Windows - only games </Li> <Li> 2011 video games </Li> <Li> Video games developed in Ukraine </Li> <Li> Video games set in the 17th century </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles using Infobox video game using locally defined parameters </Li> <Li> Articles using Wikidata infoboxes with locally defined images </Li> <Li> Articles using Video game reviews template in single platform mode </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Հայերեն </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> ქართული </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> Suomi </Li> <Li> Türkçe </Li> <Li> Українська </Li> <Li> Tiếng Việt </Li> <Li> 中文 </Li> 4 more </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 12 March 2018 , at 23 : 23 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> | The game Mount and Blade: With Fire and Sword is set in the time period of | [
"1648-51"
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736489586755765404 | government to control costs . Family physicians ( often known as general practitioners or GPs in Canada ) are chosen by individuals . If a patient wishes to see a specialist or is counseled to see a specialist , a referral can be made by a GP . </P> <P> Canadians do wait for some treatments and diagnostic services . Survey data shows that the median wait time to see a special physician is a little over four weeks with 89.5 % waiting less than three months . The median wait time for diagnostic services such as MRI and CAT scans is two weeks , with 86.4 % waiting less than three months . The median wait time for surgery is four weeks , with 82.2 % waiting less than three months . </P> <P> While physician income initially boomed after the implementation of a single - payer program , a reduction in physician salaries followed , which many feared would be a long - term result of government - run healthcare . However , by the beginning of the 21st century , medical professionals were again among Canada 's top earners . </P> <H3> Taiwan ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Healthcare in Taiwan <P> Healthcare in Taiwan is administrated by the Department of Health of the Executive Yuan . As with other developed economies , Taiwanese people are well - nourished but face such health problems as chronic obesity and heart disease . </P> <P> In 2002 , Taiwan had nearly 1.6 physicians and 5.9 hospital beds per 1,000 population , and there were a total of 36 hospitals and 2,601 clinics in the country . Health expenditures constituted 5.8 percent of the GDP in 2001 , 64.9 % of which coming from public funds . </P> <P> Despite the initial shock on Taiwan 's economy from increased costs of expanded healthcare coverage , the single - payer system has provided protection from greater financial risks and has made healthcare more financially accessible for the population , resulting in a steady 70 % public satisfaction rating . </P> <P> The current healthcare system in Taiwan , known as National Health Insurance ( NHI ) , was instituted in 1995 . NHI is a single - payer compulsory social insurance plan which centralizes the disbursement of health care funds . The system promises equal access to health care for all citizens , and the population coverage had reached 99 % by the end of 2004 . </P> <P> NHI is mainly financed through premiums , which are based on the payroll tax , and is supplemented with out - of - pocket payments and direct government funding . In the initial stage , fee - for - service predominated for both public and private providers . Most health providers operate in the private sector and form a competitive market on the health delivery side . However , many healthcare providers took advantage of the system by offering unnecessary services to a larger number of patients and then billing the government . </P> <P> In the face of increasing loss and the need for cost containment , NHI changed the payment system from fee - for - service to a global budget , a kind of prospective payment system , in 2002 . Taiwan 's success with a single - payer health insurance program is owed , in part , to the country 's human resources and the government 's organizational skills , allowing for the effective and efficient management of the government - run health insurance program . </P> <H3> South Korea ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Healthcare in South Korea <P> South Korea used to have a multipayer Social health insurance universal healthcare system , similar to systems used in countries like Japan and Germany , with healthcare societies providing coverage for whole populace . Prior to 1977 , the country had voluntary private health insurance , but reforms initiated in 1977 resulted in universal coverage by 1989. . A major healthcare financing reform in 2000 merged all medical societies into the National Health Insurance Service . This new service became a single - payer healthcare system in 2004 . </P> <H2> Regions with ' Beveridge Model ' systems ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Scandinavia ( edit ) </H3> <P> The countries of Scandinavia are sometimes considered to have a single - payer health care services , as opposed to single - payer national health care insurance like Taiwan or Canada . This is a form of the ' Beveridge Model ' of health care systems that features public health providers in addition to public health insurance . </P> <P> The term ' Scandinavian model ' of health care systems has a few common features : largely public providers , limited private health coverage , and regionally - run , devolved systems with limited involvement from the central government. . Due to this third characteristic , they can also be argued to be single - payer only on a regional level , or to be multi-payer systems , as opposed to the nationally run health coverage found in Canada , Taiwan and South Korea . </P> <H3> United Kingdom ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Healthcare in the United Kingdom <P> As in Scandinavia , healthcare in the United Kingdom is a devolved matter , meaning England , Northern Ireland , Scotland and Wales each have their own systems of private and publicly funded healthcare , generally referred to as the National Health Service ( NHS ) . With largely private providers , this also fits into the ' Beveridge Model ' of health care systems , sometimes considered to be single - payer , although unlike Scandinavia , there is a more significant role for both private coverage and providers . Each country 's having different policies and priorities has resulted in a variety of differences existing between the systems . That said , each country provides public healthcare to all UK permanent residents that is free at the point of use , being paid for from general taxation . </P> <P> In addition , each also has a private sector which is considerably smaller than its public equivalent , with provision of private healthcare acquired by means of private health insurance , funded as part of an employer funded healthcare scheme or paid directly by the customer , though provision can be restricted for those with conditions such as AIDS / HIV . </P> <P> The individual systems are : </P> <Ul> <Li> England : National Health Service </Li> <Li> Northern Ireland : Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland ( HSCNI ) </Li> <Li> Scotland : NHS Scotland </Li> <Li> Wales : NHS Wales </Li> </Ul> <P> In England , funding from general taxation is channeled through NHS England , which is responsible for commissioning mainly specialist services and primary care , and Clinical Commissioning Groups ( CCGs ) , which manage 60 % of the budget and are responsible for commissioning health services for their local populations . </P> <P> These commissioning bodies do not provide services themselves directly , but procure these from NHS Trusts and Foundation Trusts , as well as private , voluntary and social enterprise sector providers . </P> <H2> Regions with hybrid single - payer / private insurance systems ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Australia ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Health care in Australia <P> Healthcare in Australia is provided by both private and government institutions . Medicare is the publicly funded universal health care venture in Australia . It was instituted in 1984 and coexists with a private health system . Medicare is funded partly by a 2 % income tax levy ( with exceptions for low - income earners ) , but mostly out of general revenue . An additional levy of 1 % is imposed on high - income earners without private health insurance . </P> <P> As well as Medicare , there is a separate Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme that considerably subsidises a range of prescription medications . The Minister for Health administers national health policy , elements of which ( such as the operation of hospitals ) are overseen by individual states . </P> <H3> Spain ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Spanish National Health System <P> Building upon less structured foundations , in 1963 the existence of a single - payer healthcare system in Spain was established by the Spanish government . The system was sustained by contributions from workers , and covered them and their dependants . </P> <P> The universality of the system was established later in 1986 . At the same time , management of public healthcare was delegated to the different autonomous communities in the country . While previously this was not the case , in 1997 it was established that public authorities can delegate management of publicly funded healthcare to private companies . </P> <P> Additionally , in parallel to the single - payer healthcare system there are private insurers , which provide coverage for some private doctors and hospitals . Employers will sometimes offer private health insurance as a benefit , with 14.8 % of the Spanish population being covered under private health insurance in 2013 . </P> <P> In 2000 , the Spanish healthcare system was rated by the World Health Organization as the 7th best in the world . </P> <H3> United States ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Health care in the United States <P> Medicare in the United States is a single - payer healthcare system , but is restricted to persons over the age of 65 , people under 65 who have specific disabilities , and anyone with End - Stage Renal Disease . </P> <P> A number of proposals have been made for a universal single - payer healthcare system in the United States , among them the United States National Health Care Act ( popularly known as H.R. 676 or `` Medicare for All '' ) originally introduced in the House in February 2003 and repeatedly since . </P> <P> Advocates argue that preventive healthcare expenditures can save several hundreds of billions of dollars per year because publicly funded universal healthcare would benefit employers and consumers , that employers would benefit from a bigger pool of potential customers and that employers would likely pay less , would be spared administrative costs , and inequities between employers would be reduced . </P> <P> Advocates also argue that single - payer could benefit from a more fluid economy with increasing economic growth , aggregate demand , corporate profit , and quality of life . Others have estimated a long - term savings amounting to 40 % of all national health expenditures due to the extended preventive health care , although estimates from the Congressional Budget Office and The New England Journal of Medicine have found that preventive care is more expensive due to increased utilization . </P> <P> Any national system would be paid for in part through taxes replacing insurance premiums , but advocates also believe savings would be realized through preventive care and the elimination of insurance company overhead and hospital billing costs . </P> <P> A 2008 analysis of a single - payer bill by Physicians for a National Health Program estimated the immediate savings at $350 billion per year . The Commonwealth Fund believes that , if the United States adopted a universal health care system , the mortality rate would improve and the country would save approximately $570 billion a year . </P> <P> Opponents argue single - payer does not translate into better health care . Instead , access to health care diminishes under single - payer systems , and the overall quality of care suffers . Opponents also claim that single - payer systems cause shortages of general physicians and specialists and reduce access to medical technology . </P> National policies and proposals ( edit ) <P> Government is increasingly involved in U.S. health care spending , paying about 45 % of the $2.2 trillion the nation spent on individuals ' medical care in 2004 . However , studies have shown that the publicly administered share | In Great Britain, medical bills are paid through | [
"general taxation"
] | 2,225 | Who pays medical bills in great britain where does the money come from to pay these bills? |
-508693030088387759 | Trolls : the Beat Goes on ! - Wikipedia <H1> Trolls : the Beat Goes on ! </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Trolls : The Beat Goes On ! </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Fantasy </Li> <Li> Musical </Li> <Li> Comedy </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> Trolls by DreamWorks Animation </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Developed by </Th> <Td> Matthew Beans </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Voices of </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Amanda Leighton </Li> <Li> Skylar Astin </Li> <Li> Ron Funches </Li> <Li> Kari Wahlgren </Li> <Li> David Flynn </Li> <Li> Sam Lerner </Li> <Li> David Koechner </Li> <Li> Sean T. Krishnan </Li> <Li> Kevin Michael Richardson </Li> <Li> Fryda Wolff </Li> <Li> Walt Dohrn </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Theme music composer </Th> <Td> Jeannie Lurie , Mia Minichiello , and Matias Mora </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opening theme </Th> <Td> `` Hair in the Air '' by Amanda Leighton and Skylar Astin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Alex Geringas </Li> <Li> Alana Da Fonseca ( original songs ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Matthew Beans </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Frank Molieri ( supervising ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 22 minutes ( half - hours ) </Li> <Li> 11 minutes ( segments ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> DreamWorks Animation Television </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> Netflix ( Worldwide ) Pop ( UK ) ABC Me ( Australia ) Family Channel ( Canada ) DreamWorks Channel ( Asia & MENA ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) -- present ( present ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Website </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Trolls : The Beat Goes On ! is a 2018 American animated television series produced by DreamWorks Animation that is based on the 3D computer - animated musical romantic comedy film Trolls . The series premiered on Netflix on January 19 , 2018 exclusively in the United States , Canada , Latin America , United Kingdom , Ireland , Australia , New Zealand , the Nordics , Benelux , and France . Amanda Leighton , Skylar Astin , Kari Wahlgren , Sam Lerner , David Kaye , David Fynn , Sean T. Krishnan , Kevin Michael Richardson , and Fryda Wolff provide the new voices for Poppy , Branch , Bridget , King Gristle , King Peppy , Biggie , Guy Diamond , Smidge , and DJ Suki and Satin & Chenille for this series respectively ; only Ron Funches and Walt Dohrn reprise their roles as Cooper and Cloud Guy , also respectively . Matt Lowe also voices Creek in the series , who returns in `` Creek Week '' . </P> <P> Matthew Beans developed the series , with music from Alex Geringas and original songs by Alana Da Fonseca. 52 11 - minute segments have been made , according to the promotional poster . James Zahn of The Rock Father confirmed that there would be a second season . It was streamed on March 9 and consists of seven episodes . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast and characters </Li> <Li> 3 Episodes <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Season 1 ( 2018 ) </Li> <Li> 3.2 Season 2 ( 2018 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Soundtrack <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Songs </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Broadcast </Li> <Li> 6 Home media </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot </H2> <P> The show picks up where the film Trolls left off ; the series will follow Queen Poppy , her boyfriend Branch , the Snack Pack and the other Trolls , and their Bergen pals , as they experience everyday life in Troll Village . </P> <H2> Cast and characters </H2> <Ul> <Li> Skylar Astin as Branch , an over-cautious Troll survivalist , and Queen Poppy 's boyfriend . </Li> <Li> Amanda Leighton as Poppy , the optimistic queen of the Trolls , and Branch 's girlfriend . </Li> <Li> Kari Wahlgren as Bridget , Poppy 's best friend . <Ul> <Li> Wahlgren also voices Bernice , a Bergen , Bella Brightly , a troll , Harper , another troll who is very artistic , Mags Gumdrop and Old Lady Bergen . </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Sam Lerner as King Gristle , the leader of the Bergens . </Li> <Li> Sean T. Krishnan as Guy Diamond , a glittery , silver naked troll with a highly Auto - tuned voice </Li> <Li> Kevin Michael Richardson as Smidge , a troll with an extremely deep voice . <Ul> <Li> Richardson also voices Groth , a Bergen , and Chad and Todd , the guards of the Royal Bergen family , Eyestalk , Maitre D ' , Foreman and Klaus Von Frousting . </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Fryda Wolff as DJ Suki , the Trolls ' resident disk jockey , Satin and Chenille , twins who are joined by their hair , Dr. Moonbloom , Gemma Fur and Gia Grooves . </Li> <Li> David Fynn as Biggie , a chubby , friendly troll , and Mr. Dinkles , his pet worm . </Li> <Li> Ron Funches as Cooper , a giraffe - like troll who walks on all fours . </Li> <Li> Walt Dohrn as Cloud Guy , an anthropomorphic cloud who often makes fun of Branch . </Li> <Li> Matt Lowe as Creek , a troll with zen - like wisdom . </Li> <Li> David Kaye as King Peppy , the former leader of the Trolls . </Li> <Li> Declan Churchil Carter as Keith , a young troll . </Li> <Li> Abby Ryder Fortson as Priscilla , a young troll . </Li> <Li> Gary Cole as Sky Toronto , the boss and owner of Sky Toronto 's Party Shop </Li> <Li> Utkarsh Ambudkar as Master Controll , a troll . </Li> <Li> Arnie Pantoja as Archer Pastry , a glitter troll . </Li> <Li> Sainty Nelsen as Nova Swift . </Li> <Li> David Koechner as Buzby , a Bergen . </Li> <Li> Pat Pinney as Nangus , a Bergen who is in charge of the dungeon . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Episodes </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Season </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Episodes </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Originally released </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 6 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> January 19 , 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 7 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> March 9 , 2018 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Season 1 ( 2018 ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original release date </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1a </Th> <Td> 1a </Td> <Td> `` A New Bergen - ing '' </Td> <Td> Allan Jacobson , Spencer Laudiero , and Jim Mortensen </Td> <Td> Story by : Hannah Friedman Teleplay by : Matthew Beans Storyboard by : Marcelo De Souza , Naz Ghodrati - Azadi , Ruolin Li , Howie Perry , Stan Ruiz , and Sang Eun Song </Td> <Td> January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Queen Poppy invites the Bergens to a party , leaving the other trolls horrified . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1b </Th> <Td> 1b </Td> <Td> `` Laugh - Out Cloud '' </Td> <Td> Alex Almaguer and Howie Perry </Td> <Td> Written by : Matt Ackels Storyboard by : Noel Belknap </Td> <Td> January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Cloud Guy offers to end a drought , but only if Branch becomes his best friend for a day . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2a </Th> <Td> 2a </Td> <Td> `` Two - Party System '' </Td> <Td> Spencer Laudiero and Jim Mortensen </Td> <Td> Written by : Matt Ackels Storyboard by : Dennis Messner , Stan Ruiz , and Sang Eun Song </Td> <Td> January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Poppy faces a dilemma after she learns that Bridget and Branch both share the same birthday . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 2b </Th> <Td> 2b </Td> <Td> `` Fun Branch '' </Td> <Td> Alex Almaguer </Td> <Td> Written by : Nate Federman Storyboard by : Sang Eun Song </Td> <Td> January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Branch invites the Snack Pack into his bunker in order to prove he 's fun . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 3a </Th> <Td> 3a </Td> <Td> `` Royal Review '' </Td> <Td> Naz Ghodrati - Azadi </Td> <Td> Written by : Caitlin Meares Storyboard by : Kevin Frank </Td> <Td> January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> A nervous Poppy awaits for her performance as queen . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 3b </Th> <Td> 3b </Td> <Td> `` Funishment '' </Td> <Td> Spencer Laudiero and Jim Mortensen </Td> <Td> Written by : Elaine Carroll Storyboard by : Onno De Jong , Marcelo De Souza , Ian Freedman , and Howie Perry </Td> <Td> January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Poppy has to implement discipline in her kingdom when Cooper accidentally steals a Bergen 's pie . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 4a </Th> <Td> 4a </Td> <Td> `` Bad News Bergens '' </Td> <Td> Naz Ghodrati - Azadi </Td> <Td> Written by : Marissa Berlin Storyboard by : Ruolin Li </Td> <Td> January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Poppy signs the trolls up for Bergenball . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 4b </Th> <Td> 4b </Td> <Td> `` Unhealthy Competition '' </Td> <Td> Alex Almaguer </Td> <Td> Written by : Marissa Berlin Storyboard by : Noel Belknap </Td> <Td> January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Smidge 's stoutberry juice and Guy Diamond 's Glitterade are rivaled . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5a </Th> <Td> 5a </Td> <Td> `` Cloudy with a Chance of Hugs '' </Td> <Td> Jim Mortensen </Td> <Td> Written by : John D'Arco Storyboard by : Marcelo De Souza </Td> <Td> January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> When Poppy and Cloud Guy hang out on Hug Day ( a day where Trolls can only hug one another ) , a jealous Branch fears that Poppy 's hug will be gone . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5b </Th> <Td> 5b </Td> <Td> `` Creek Week '' </Td> <Td> Brian Hatfield and Spencer Laudiero </Td> <Td> Written by : Julia Miranda Storyboard by : Stan Ruiz and Portlynn Tagavi </Td> <Td> January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> After he survived being eaten at the end of Trolls , a reformed Creek returns to Troll Village . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6a </Th> <Td> 6a </Td> <Td> `` The Giver '' </Td> <Td> Naz Ghodrati - Azadi and Bryan Newton </Td> <Td> Written by : John D'Arco Storyboard by : Ruolin Li </Td> <Td> January 19 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 19 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="6"> Poppy must figure out who left some gifts every harvest moon . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6b </Th> <Td> 6b </Td> <Td> `` Bellow Bug Day '' </Td> <Td> Alex Almaguer </Td> <Td> Written by : Nate Federman Storyboard by : Noel Belknap </Td> <Td> January | The role of Poppy in the TV show "The Beat Goes On" is played by | [
"Amanda Leighton"
] | 770 | Who plays poppy in the beat goes on? |
6859619293717253541 | The Flash ( season 4 ) - wikipedia <H1> The Flash ( season 4 ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Flash ( season 4 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Promotional poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Grant Gustin </Li> <Li> Candice Patton </Li> <Li> Danielle Panabaker </Li> <Li> Carlos Valdes </Li> <Li> Keiynan Lonsdale </Li> <Li> Neil Sandilands </Li> <Li> Tom Cavanagh </Li> <Li> Jesse L. Martin </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 19 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> The CW </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> October 10 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 10 ) -- present ( present ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Season chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> ← Previous Season 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> List of The Flash episodes </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The fourth season of the American television series The Flash , which is based on the DC Comics character Barry Allen / Flash , follows a crime scene investigator with superhuman speed who fights criminals , including others who have also gained superhuman abilities . It is set in the Arrowverse , sharing continuity with the other television series of the universe , and is a spin - off of Arrow . The season is produced by Berlanti Productions , Warner Bros. Television , and DC Entertainment , with Andrew Kreisberg and Todd Helbing serving as showrunners . </P> <P> The season was ordered in January 2017 , and filming began that July . Grant Gustin stars as Barry , with principal cast members Candice Patton , Danielle Panabaker , Carlos Valdes , Keiynan Lonsdale , Tom Cavanagh , and Jesse L. Martin also returning from previous seasons , and are joined by Neil Sandilands . </P> <P> The fourth season began airing on October 10 , 2017 , and is set to run for 23 episodes on The CW until May 22 , 2018 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Episodes </Li> <Li> 2 Cast and characters <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Main </Li> <Li> 2.2 Recurring </Li> <Li> 2.3 Guest </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Development </Li> <Li> 3.2 Writing </Li> <Li> 3.3 Casting </Li> <Li> 3.4 Filming </Li> <Li> 3.5 Music </Li> <Li> 3.6 Arrowverse tie - ins </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Release <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Broadcast </Li> <Li> 4.2 Marketing </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Reception <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Ratings </Li> <Li> 5.2 Critical response </Li> <Li> 5.3 Accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> See also : List of The Flash episodes <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Th> Prod . code </Th> <Th> U.S. viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 70 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` The Flash Reborn '' </Td> <Td> Glen Winter </Td> <Td> Story by : Andrew Kreisberg Teleplay by : Todd Helbing & Eric Wallace </Td> <Td> October 10 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 10 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13401 </Td> <Td> 2.84 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Iris has been aiding Team Flash in Central City for six months , but refuses to grieve Barry . A flying samurai with superpowers appears in Central City , threatening to destroy the city if the real Flash does not face him . Cisco reveals he has formulated a way to bring back Barry without destabilizing the Speed Force and tracks down Caitlin for help , but is forbidden by Iris to bring Barry back . Against Iris ' orders , Team Flash successfully returns Barry , who rambles random statements and continually writes symbols on the walls . Wally engages the samurai , but is defeated . Cisco deciphers Barry 's writings and finds an apparently meaningless sentence . In an attempt to recover Barry 's memories , Iris gives herself up to the samurai . The plan works and Barry speeds away , rescuing Iris and defeating the samurai , who is revealed to be an android . Caitlin rejoins Team Flash , but is revealed to have been working for a mobster called Amunet , while also continuing to prevent the Killer Frost personality from emerging . The `` Samuroid '' is revealed to have been controlled by the Thinker , whose plan was to draw out the Flash for his next schemes . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 71 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Mixed Signals '' </Td> <Td> Alexandra La Roche </Td> <Td> Jonathan Butler & Gabriel Garza </Td> <Td> October 17 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 17 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13402 </Td> <Td> 2.54 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> When Barry , Joe , and Cisco report to a crime scene , they discover remnants of a mysterious code . Cisco presents Barry with a technologically advanced suit , intended to facilitate his activities . He tests it out , trying to save someone from a haywire car controlled by metahuman Ramsey Deacon . Gypsy arrives on Earth - 1 for a date with Cisco , who is forced to cancel it so as to focus on Deacon . Acting on a suggestion from Caitlin , Iris signs her and Barry up for couples therapy to sort out their relationship . Deacon kidnaps a witness , a former member of a tech team that stole his idea for profit . Barry and Wally go to save him , but Deacon uses his abilities to send Barry 's suit haywire . On Iris ' instruction , Barry throws lightning at himself , shorting out his suit . He then incapacitates Deacon , who is locked up in the meta wing of Iron Heights , revealed to be part of the Thinker 's plan . Cisco finally goes out with Gypsy . Wondering how Deacon gained his powers being absent during the particle accelerator incident , Barry and Joe learn from Deacon that there are `` others . '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 72 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Luck Be a Lady '' </Td> <Td> Armen V. Kevorkian </Td> <Td> Sam Chalsen & Judalina Neira </Td> <Td> October 24 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 24 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13403 </Td> <Td> 2.62 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> In flashbacks , the Thinker observes Becky Sharpe , a woman with seemingly unending bad luck , and determines that she will be easily manipulated . In the present , Becky robs a bank and gets away when Barry slips on marbles . Harry arrives from Earth - 2 and tells Wally that Jesse has decided to break up with him in order to focus on her vigilantism . Cisco deduces that Becky is a metahuman with the power of favorable luck while inducing misfortune to others . Barry realizes that the portal he used to escape the Speed Force exposed an entire busload of people , including Becky and Deacon , to transformative dark matter . Harry informs Cisco that Jesse has expelled him from her crime - fighting team due to his attitude . Becky 's powers expand out of control , reactivating the particle accelerator , which Harry deliberately allows , nullifying Becky 's powers and leading to her incarceration . Cisco and Harry identify twelve new metahumans created on the bus and the latter suspects that an unknown party has manipulated the events surrounding Barry 's return . Wally decides to leave on a journey to find himself . The Thinker is revealed to be spying on S.T.A.R. Labs through the `` Samuroid '' helmet . Joe learns Cecile is pregnant . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 73 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Elongated Journey Into Night '' </Td> <Td> Tom Cavanagh </Td> <Td> Sterling Gates & Thomas Pound </Td> <Td> October 31 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 31 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13404 </Td> <Td> 1.99 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Gypsy 's father , Breacher , attacks Cisco , vowing to hunt and kill him in 24 hours , allowing the romance should he survive . Team Flash learns that the bus driver was murdered and tracks down another passenger , Ralph Dibny , former corrupt CCPD detective exposed by Barry and currently an infamous private investigator . As two thugs attack Dibny , he is revealed to have the power to stretch . Caitlin stabilizes his powers with a serum . The team learns that Ralph has been blackmailing Mayor Bellows for adultery , with the latter revealed to have hired the thugs . Barry confronts Ralph for his actions while the latter scolds him , claiming to have been a `` good cop '' . He later stops blackmailing Bellows , who still attempts to kill him while Breacher mistakes the former for a Plastoid , the species that invaded Earth - 19 previously , and attacks him . Cisco intervenes and saves Ralph , whom Barry , having revealed his alter - ego , convinces to help arrest an escaping Bellows . Admiring Cisco 's gallantry , Breacher allows the relationship . Barry recruits Ralph for Team Flash and learns that someone named DeVoe instructed Ralph to watch Bellows . Barry remembers that Abra Kadabra and Savitar both mentioned DeVoe . Meanwhile , Caitlin finds a message on her apartment door . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 74 </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` Girls Night Out '' </Td> <Td> Laura Belsey </Td> <Td> Lauren Certo & Kristen Kim </Td> <Td> November 7 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 07 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13405 </Td> <Td> 2.38 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> While failing to track DeVoe , Team Flash is visited by Felicity , who joins Iris 's bachelorette party . Mocking Cisco 's plans for Barry 's bachelor party , Ralph takes the men to a strip club , where they learn that Cecile 's daughter , Joanie , is working . Joe confronts her , who states she is only doing feminist research . Ralph incites a brawl , leading to the men 's arrest until Harry posts bail . Meanwhile , Amunet 's enforcer , Norvock , demands Caitlin 's return and attacks the women when she refuses . Killer Frost emerges and repels him , later telling Iris that Caitlin accepted Amunet 's employment in exchange for the means to control Frost . Learning that Amunet is holding a metahuman she calls `` the Weeper '' , whose tears are a strong narcotic , prisoner and intends to sell him , Iris 's party decides to stop her . Though Caitlin refuses to join , she attacks Amunet when seeing her friends in danger . Using a strong magnet , the team robs Amunet 's metal shards , leaving her powerless . Iris dissuades Frost from killing Amunet , who promises revenge . Both parties refuse to tell each other about their adventures . Iris asks Caitlin to be her maid of honor while Joe convinces Joanie to tell Cecile about her research . DeVoe captures the Weeper . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 75 </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` When Harry Met Harry ... '' </Td> <Td> Brent Crowell </Td> <Td> Jonathan Butler & Gabriel Garza </Td> <Td> November 14 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 14 ) </Td> <Td> T27. 13406 </Td> <Td> 2.46 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Barry trains Ralph to use his abilities , with Cisco making a stretchable suit for him . Another bus metahuman , a Lakota Sioux Native named Mina Chayton , who can animate statues , starts attacking Central City & stealing pieces of a Black Bison necklace , which she claims belongs to her tribe . When Barry and Ralph catch up to her , she attacks Barry with a caveman statue and attempts a getaway . Ralph chooses to stop her , but a | Season 4 of The Flash consists of | [
"23 episodes"
] | 341 | How many episodes is season 4 of the flash? |
-1257072979323742586 | Baca family of New Mexico - wikipedia <H1> Baca family of New Mexico </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Baca </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Current region </Th> <Td> New Mexico , United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Etymology </Th> <Td> variant of Vaca </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Place of origin </Th> <Td> Santa Fe de Nuevo México </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The progenitors of the Baca family of New Mexico were Cristóbal Baca ( Vaca ) and his wife Ana Ortiz . Cristóbal was a military captain who arrived in 1600 with his family in order to help reinforce the Spanish colonial Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico province in the Viceroyalty of New Spain ( colonial México ) . At the time , they had three grown daughters and a small son . The Bacas had another son while living in Nuevo Mexico . the family then moved to Grants , New Mexico . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Family history </Li> <Li> 2 Cabeza de Baca family </Li> <Li> 3 Possible origin of the surname </Li> <Li> 4 Genealogical misconceptions <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Ortiz / Pacheco line </Li> <Li> 4.2 Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Notable family members </Li> <Li> 6 Places named after the Baca family </Li> <Li> 7 Other locations of interest </Li> <Li> 8 Footnotes </Li> <Li> 9 Further reading </Li> <Li> 10 Sources </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Family history ( edit ) </H2> <P> Cristóbal , the son of Juan de Vaca , was born in colonial Mexico City around 1567 . His wife , also from that city , was the daughter of Francisco Pacheco . Their children born in Mexico City were Juana de Zamora , Isabel de Bohórquez , María de Villanueva , and Antonio Baca . Of the daughters , Juana married Simón Pérez de Bustillo , Isabel was the wife of Pedro Durán y Chaves , and María married Simón de Abendaño . </P> <P> Antonio Baca was born c. 1600 . He was married to Yumar Pérez de Bustillo who was born c. 1591 . They had three daughters : Gertudris , who married Antonio Jorge ; Ana , who married Francisco López de Aragón , and Antonia , who was the wife of Antonio de Albizu . It does not appear that Antonio had any sons to carry on the Baca name . Antonio was executed on 21 July 1643 for treason against the colonial government . </P> <P> Alonzo Baca , born in Nuevo Mexico , was the youngest sibling . Although he took part in the same conspiracy that resulted in his brother Antonio 's death , Alonzo survived the affair . He may have had at least one son , another Cristóbal Baca . It appears that the Baca surname may have continued through Alonzo 's progeny , including the second Cristóbal Baca . </P> <P> The Pueblo Revolt occurred in 1680 . Subsequently , many Spanish families fled Nuevo Mexico as refugees . When the Spaniards re-conquered the territory in 1693 , a Manuel Baca and his family were among those who returned to Santa Fe . Manuel was born c. 1653 and was the son of the second Cristóbal Baca . Manuel apparently had at least eight children with his wife María de Salazar . After arriving in New Mexico , they soon began living on land in Bernalillo previously owned by Manuel 's father . </P> <H2> Cabeza de Baca family ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Cabeza de Baca family is an offshoot of the Baca family . The progenitor of this family is Luis María Cabeza de Baca . He was born as Luis Maria Baca on 26 October 1754 , the oldest son of Juan Antonio Baca and Maria Romero . He had over 20 children by three different wives . The Cabeza de Baca family are often known by the abbreviated surnames of either C. de Baca or de Baca . </P> <H2> Possible origin of the surname ( edit ) </H2> <P> The surname `` Baca '' is often assumed to be a variation of the name `` Cabeza de Vaca . '' Cabeza de Vaca means `` head of a cow '' in Spanish . There are two possible origins of this name : </P> <Ul> <Li> A Spanish shepherd , Martin Alhaja , was given the name by the Castilian King Alfonso VIII . In 1212 Alhaja placed a cow skull on the road that led over a pass in the mountains . Using this shepherds path to infiltrate soldiers behind the Moorish position led to the victory of the Spanish king over the Moors at the battle of Navas de Tolosa in Andalusia . He was awarded a coat - of - arms that included cow skulls in its design . </Li> <Li> A Spanish knight named Fernan Ruiz distinguished himself in a victory over the Moors at Córdoba in 1235 . For his services , the king added Cabeza de Vaca to Ruiz 's name . This name was taken from the area where the knight was born . Research into Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca 's genealogy indicates that a number of his ancestors and other relatives had the name Fernan Ruiz . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Genealogical misconceptions ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Ortíz / Pacheco line ( edit ) </H3> <P> Some researchers have discovered an erroneous link between Crístobal Baca 's wife Ana Ortíz and Christopher Columbus , among others . As noted previously , Ana Ortíz was the daughter of one Francisco Pacheco . At least three separate articles published in genealogical journals have identified this man as Francisco Pacheco de Cordóva . Not only have researchers found that Pacheco de Córdova had an impressive lineage , but so did his wife Juana de la Cueva y Toledo Colón . </P> <P> Ana Ortíz has also been shown to be related to the famed explorer Francisco Vásquez de Coronado and Francisco Enriques , the Duke of Alburquerque . The problem with this finding is that Francisco Pacheco de Córdova , and presumably his wife , would have been too young to be the parents of Ana Ortíz . Pacheco was born in 1573 , while Ana Ortíz 's daughter Isabel de Bohórquez was born c. 1586 . Thus Pacheco would have been only 13 years older than the woman who would supposedly have been his granddaughter . </P> <H3> Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca ( edit ) </H3> <P> One assumption is that famed Spanish explorer Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca was an ancestor of Juan de Vaca and , consequently , Cristóbal Baca . In 1988 , Dr. Eric Beerman reviewed the research that had been done on Cabeza de Vaca , and did not discover any information that this explorer had any direct descendants . However , he did not completely rule out that possibility . Another researcher , George C ' de Baca , did extensive research but was unable to find a connection between the New Mexico Baca family and the Cabeza de Vaca family in Spain . However , it is still generally assumed that the Baca surname originated from this noble family . </P> <H2> Notable family members ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> John Philip Baca , Congressional Medal of Honor recipient </Li> <Li> Edward D. Baca , first Hispanic head of the National Guard Bureau , Lieutenant General U.S. Army ( ret . ) </Li> <Li> Elfego Baca , frontier personality </Li> <Li> Fabiola Cabeza de Baca Gilbert , writer and educator . </Li> <Li> Jimmy Santiago Baca , Poet </Li> <Li> Jim Baca , former Albuquerque , New Mexico Mayor </Li> <Li> Joe Baca , U.S. Representative from California - born in Belen , New Mexico </Li> <Li> Judy Baca , contemporary artist </Li> <Li> Polly Baca - Barragan , First Mexican - American to serve in the Colorado Legislature </Li> </Ul> <H2> Places named after the Baca family ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Baca County , Colorado </Li> <Li> Baca Ranch in Colorado </Li> <Li> Baca Ranch in New Mexico </Li> <Li> Baca National Wildlife Refuge in Colorado </Li> <Li> Bacaville , New Mexico </Li> <Li> De Baca County , New Mexico </Li> <Li> Trinidad , Colorado - named after Trinidad Baca </Li> <Li> Baca House , Trinidad , Colorado </Li> <Li> Baca Mansion , Las Vegas , New Mexico </Li> <Li> Vacaville , California </Li> </Ul> <H2> Other locations of interest ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Rancho Los Putos </Li> <Li> Valles Caldera </Li> <Li> Vaca Mountains </Li> </Ul> <H2> Footnotes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Chávez , Fray Angélico , Origins of New Mexico Families : A Genealogy of the Spanish Colonial Period , rev . ed . ( Santa Fe : Museum of New Mexico , 1992 ) p. 9 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Chávez , Origins of New Mexico Families ' , p. 9 - 10 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Chávez , Origins of New Mexico Families , , p. 10 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Chávez , Origins of New Mexico Families , p. 10 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Chávez , Origins of New Mexico Families , p. 141 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Chávez , Origins of New Mexico Families , p. 152 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Beerman , Dr. Eric , `` The Ancestors of Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca '' in The Louisiana Genealogical Register , June 1988 : Vol . XXXV , No. 2 , 101 - 110 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Beerman , `` The Ancestors of Alvar Nuñez Cabeza be Vaca '' ; Jaskolski , Ernie , `` The Francisco Vasquez Coronado Connection to New Mexico Descendants '' in The New Mexico Genealogist , September 1995 : Vol . XXXIV , No. 3 ; and , Sanchez , Ernest J. , `` Beyond Origins of New Mexico Families : The Cristóbal Colón ( Christopher Columbus ) , Francisco Vásquez Coronado , and Francisco Enriques ( Duque de Alburquerque ) Connection to Doña Ana María Ortiz '' in Herencia , January 1999 : Vol. 7 , issue 1 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Sanchez , `` Beyond Origins : Crístobal Colón , et al . '' </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Esquibel , Jose Antonio , `` The Baca - Ortiz Family and Don Francisco Pacheco de Córdoba y Bocanegra : Otra Vez '' in Beyond Origins of New Mexico Families ( dead link ) . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Beerman , `` The Ancestors of Alvar Nuñez Cabeza be Vaca '' , p. 112 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ C ' de Baca , George , `` More on the Cabeza de Vaca Debate , '' in Herencia , October 1999 : Volume 7 , issue 4 , pp. 51 - 52 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ John Baca </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ McShane , Becky Jo . Wishart , David J. , ed . `` De Baca , Fabiola Cabeza ( 1898 - 1933 ) '' . Encyclopedia of the Great Plains . University of Nebraska - Lincoln . Retrieved 24 January 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.bookrags.com/biography/polly-baca-barragan/ </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.answers.com/topic/polly-baca-barrag-n </Li> </Ol> <H2> Further reading ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Fray Angélico Chávez , Origins of New Mexico Families : A Genealogy of the Spanish Colonial Period , revised edition . ( Santa Fe Museum of New Mexico , 1992 ) , ( ISBN 978 - 0 - 89013 - 239 - 5 ) . </Li> <Li> David H. Snow , New Mexico 's first colonists : The 1597 - 1600 enlistments for New Mexico under Juan de Oñate , Adelante & Gobernador , ISBN 0 - 9652463 - 0 - 2 , ISBN 978 - 0 - 9652463 - 0 - 9 . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Sources ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Hispanic Genealogical Research Center of New Mexico </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baca_family_of_New_Mexico&oldid=795789986 '' Categories : | The last name Baca originates from | [
"New Mexico"
] | 72 | Where does the last name baca come from? |
1469385897647131068 | an interest in bidding . </P> <P> Of the 10 nations that had expressed formal interest , many withdrew their candidacy in early 2009 . Jamaica was the first to withdraw its candidacy . Russia withdrew in February 2009 to concentrate on bidding for the 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens , Australia and Ireland withdrew in spring 2009 due to financial reasons . Scotland withdrew in April 2009 after they were unable to secure co-hosting partners for the tournament . Wales was the last nation to officially pull out after they failed to submit a bid by 8 May 2009 , but Wales backed England 's bid and some games were played at Cardiff 's Millennium Stadium . </P> <H3> Final bids ( edit ) </H3> <P> The final nations that bid for the right to host the 2015 Rugby World Cup were England , Japan , South Africa and Italy . Four confirmed bids was a record number for the Rugby World Cup . </P> <P> On 28 July 2009 , the IRB confirmed that England would host the 2015 Rugby World Cup , and Japan would host the 2019 event , having voted 16 -- 10 in favour of approving the recommendation from Rugby World Cup Ltd ( RWCL ) that England and Japan should be named hosts . RWCL chairman Bernard Lapasset revealed the result on 28 July 2009 at IRB headquarters . </P> England ( edit ) <P> In September 2007 , The Guardian reported that the Rugby Football Union had decided to submit a bid . BBC News reported in February 2009 that the intent was for a solo bid from the RFU , but with the possibility of some matches being played in Scotland , Wales or Ireland . It was hoped that the 2015 World Cup would add to Britain 's `` Decade of Sport '' ( including the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2014 Commonwealth Games ) . </P> <P> It was also claimed that the bid had a very strong chance of success due to the IRB 's belief that the 2011 tournament might make a loss , therefore making it particularly important to ensure a profit , which was considered a strong point of England 's proposed bid . The chief executive of the Rugby Football Union , Francis Baron , said that the tournament would target sales of 3 million tickets . England 's package was projected to generate £ 300m for the IRB -- £ 220m in commercial returns from broadcasting , sponsorship and merchandising , and the £ 80m tournament fee . </P> Italy ( edit ) <P> Italy stated its desire to host , and an Italian bid to host the Rugby World Cup in 2015 or 2019 was confirmed on 20 July 2008 . Italy declared that it wanted to host `` For the Enlargement of the Frontiers of Our Sport '' . It was a slogan relevant to the then - current landscape of World Cup rugby , given that 2007 was the first time that the Rugby World Cup was hosted by a primarily non-English - speaking country . </P> <P> The Italian bid offered the largest cities and stadiums in the country and promised a fast domestic train system . The Italian Rugby Federation ( FIR ) also included the importance of the population and the growth of rugby since Italy joined the Six Nations in 2000 as reasons for hosting a World Cup . Rugby had been growing increasingly popular in Italy in recent years , with improved crowds at international matches . </P> <P> The Stadio Olimpico in Rome had been proposed as the venue to host the final and the first match of the tournament . Milan and Naples were included as the other large venues . The entire list was a selection of large stadiums spread across the country . Stade Vélodrome in Marseille , France was also included as the tenth proposed venue . </P> Japan ( edit ) Main article : 2019 Rugby World Cup <P> The Japan Rugby Football Union officially submitted its tender to the IRB in May 2009 . Japan was seen as a favourite to host after finishing as runner - up in the bidding for the 2011 event . Japan was seen as having a lot to offer rugby 's growth in Asia . Its population of 127 million , its large economy , and its ability to place rugby before a new Asian audience made it a front - runner for hosting rights . Furthermore , rugby in Japan had developed a following , and with 126,000 registered players , Japan had more players than some of the Six Nations . Japan 's Top League was a showcase for Japanese rugby , and there was excitement about Japan 's entry into the RWC . Japan 's experience in co-hosting the 2002 FIFA World Cup was also seen as a boost , with Japan already possessing the necessary stadiums and infrastructure . </P> South Africa ( edit ) <P> The South African Rugby Union ( SARU ) had confirmed its intent to bid for the 2015 tournament , and in May 2009 South Africa delivered its application to the IRB . South Africa had previously made an unsuccessful bid to host the 2011 RWC . The strengths of a South African bid would be that it is in the same time zone as Europe , the wealthiest television market from a rugby perspective , that South Africa were the current World Cup holders , that they had successfully hosted the 1995 Rugby World Cup , won the 2007 Rugby World Cup and that they were in the process of building large new stadiums for the then - upcoming 2010 FIFA World Cup . </P> <H2> Venues ( edit ) </H2> <P> After England were appointed tournament hosts on 28 July 2009 , the proposed stadia for the tournament were revealed . The final venues were confirmed , along with the tournament 's schedule , on 2 May 2013 . Twelve of the stadia were located in England , while the Millennium Stadium located in Wales was also to be used . In 2011 , the IRB approved the use of the Millennium Stadium , despite being outside of the host country , due to its capacity and strategic location . Of the thirteen venues , two were dedicated rugby union grounds ( Kingsholm Stadium and Sandy Park ) , two were national rugby stadia ( Twickenham and the Millennium Stadium ) , two were multi-purpose stadia ( Wembley Stadium and Olympic Stadium ) , and the remainder were association football grounds . </P> <P> Proposed venues that did not make the final selection were the Stadium of Light in Sunderland , Coventry 's Ricoh Arena , St Mary 's Stadium in Southampton , Pride Park Stadium in Derby , Anfield in Liverpool and Bristol 's Ashton Gate . In April 2013 , Old Trafford was withdrawn from consideration by its owners , Manchester United F.C. , citing commitments to hosting rugby league and its Super League Grand Final and concerns about pitch degradation . The RWCL then approached neighbouring Manchester City about leasing their home stadium as a replacement . City agreed to let their stadium be used for the tournament but only for one match due to footballing commitments -- down from the original three which were to be played at Old Trafford . Etihad Stadium , as it was known for football sponsorship purposes , would be called ' Manchester City Stadium ' by organisers for the duration of the tournament . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> London </Th> <Th colspan="2"> London </Th> <Th colspan="2"> London </Th> <Th> Cardiff </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Wembley Stadium </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Twickenham </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Olympic Stadium </Td> <Td> Millennium Stadium </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Capacity : 90,000 </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Capacity : 85,000 </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Capacity : 56,000 </Td> <Td> Capacity : 74,154 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Newcastle </Th> <Th colspan="4"> Wembley Olympic Stadium Twickenham Villa Park Brighton Community Stadium Manchester City Stadium Sandy Park Millennium Stadium Kingsholm Stadium Elland Road Leicester City Stadium Stadium mk St James ' Park Location of the 13 stadia to host rugby matches at the 2015 IRB World Cup announced on 2 May 2013 </Th> <Th> Manchester </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> St James ' Park </Td> <Td> Manchester City Stadium </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Capacity : 52,409 </Td> <Td> Capacity : 55,097 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Birmingham </Th> <Th> Leeds </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Villa Park </Td> <Td> Elland Road </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Capacity : 42,785 </Td> <Td> Capacity : 37,914 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Leicester </Th> <Th> Brighton </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Milton Keynes </Th> <Th> Gloucester </Th> <Th> Exeter </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Leicester City Stadium </Td> <Td> Brighton Community Stadium </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Stadium mk </Td> <Td> Kingsholm Stadium </Td> <Td> Sandy Park </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Capacity : 32,312 </Td> <Td> Capacity : 30,750 </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Capacity : 30,717 </Td> <Td> Capacity : 16,500 </Td> <Td> Capacity : 12,300 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Source : The Telegraph </P> <H3> Team bases ( edit ) </H3> <P> The 41 venues that acted as team bases for the competing nations were announced on 26 August 2014 . All prospective team bases were subject to a rigorous selection process , which included an expansive and detailed programme of site visits as well as liaison with the competing Rugby World Cup 2015 teams . Each team base would consist of an outdoor and indoor training facility , a swimming pool , gym and hotel and would be used by the competing teams in the lead up to and during the World Cup . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> ( show ) Team </Th> <Th> Venue ( s ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Argentina </Td> <Td> St George 's Park Haileybury School Cheltenham RFC ( Cheltenham RFC , Leisure @ , Gym 66 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> Dulwich College University of Bath </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada </Td> <Td> Leicester Grammar School Cardiff Metropolitan University Swansea University ( Swansea University , Wales National Pool ) West Park Leeds RUFC ( West Park Leeds RUFC , John Charles Centre for Sport ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> England </Td> <Td> Pennyhill Park Hotel Salford ( AJ Bell Stadium , Irlam & Cadishead Leisure Centre ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fiji </Td> <Td> Swansea University ( Swansea University , Wales National Pool ) London Irish RFC ( London Irish RFC , Elmbridge Xcel Leisure Complex ) Milton Keynes & MK Dons ( Woughton on the Green , Bletchley Leisure Centre ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> France </Td> <Td> The Vale Resort Trinity School , Croydon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Georgia </Td> <Td> Woodbury Park & Bicton College ( Woodbury Park Hotel & Golf Club , Bicton College ) Bristol & SGS Wise ( South Gloucestershire & Stroud College , Bradley Stoke Leisure Centre ) Celtic Manor Resort & Newport ( Newport High School / Active Living Centre , The Celtic Academy ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ireland </Td> <Td> St George 's Park Surrey Sports Park Sport Wales National Centre Celtic Manor Resort & Newport ( Newport High School / Active Living Centre , The Celtic Academy ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> Surrey Sports Park Cobham RFC ( Cobham RFC , ACS Cobham ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Japan </Td> <Td> Warwick School Brighton College </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Namibia </Td> <Td> Loughborough University Cobham RFC ( Cobham RFC , ACS Cobham ) Plymouth ( St Mark & St John Uni. , Plymouth RFC , Plymouth Life Centre & Royal Navy RU ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand </Td> <Td> Sport Wales National Centre The Lensbury & St Mary 's University Darlington Mowden Park RFC ( Darlington Mowden Park RFC , Middlesbrough FC ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Romania </Td> <Td> Dulwich College Woodbury Park & Bicton College ( Woodbury Park Hotel & Golf Club , | The 2015 Rugby Union World Cup was held in | [
"England"
] | 1,837 | Where was the 2015 rugby union world cup held? |
-716176363900512091 | Deposition ( phase transition ) - wikipedia <H1> Deposition ( phase transition ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article includes a list of references , related reading or external links , but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations . Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. ( April 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> Water vapor from humid winter - air deposits directly into a solid , crystalline frost pattern on a window , without ever being liquid in the process . <P> Deposition is a thermodynamic process , a phase transition in which gas transforms into solid without passing through the liquid phase . The reverse of deposition is sublimation and hence sometimes deposition is called desublimation . </P> <P> One example of deposition is the process by which , in sub-freezing air , water vapor changes directly to ice without first becoming a liquid . This is how snow forms in clouds , as well as how frost and hoar frost form on the ground or other surfaces . Another example is when frost forms on a leaf . For deposition to occur , thermal energy must be removed from a gas . When the air becomes cold enough , water vapor in the air surrounding the leaf loses enough thermal energy to change into a solid . Even though the air temperature may be below the dew point , the water vapor may not be able to condense spontaneously if there is no way to remove the latent heat . When the leaf is introduced , the supercooled water vapor immediately begins to condense , but by this point is already past the freezing point . This causes the water vapor to change directly into a solid . </P> <P> Another example is the soot that is deposited on the walls of chimneys . Soot molecules rise from the fire in a hot and gaseous state . When they come into contact with the walls they cool , and change to the solid state , without formation of the liquid state . The process is made use of industrially in combustion chemical vapor deposition . </P> <P> There is an industrial coatings process , known as evaporative deposition , whereby a solid material is heated to the gaseous state in a low - pressure chamber , the gas molecules travel across the chamber space and then condense to the solid state on a target surface , forming a smooth and thin layer on the target surface . Again , the molecules do not go through an intermediate liquid state when going from the gas to the solid . See also physical vapor deposition , which is a class of processes used to deposit thin films of various materials onto various surfaces . </P> <P> Deposition releases energy and is an exothermic phase change . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Table> Phase transitions of matter <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Th colspan="4"> To </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Solid </Th> <Th> Liquid </Th> <Th> Gas <P> </P> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> From </Th> <Th> Solid </Th> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> Melting </Td> <Td> Sublimation <P> </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Liquid </Th> <Td> Freezing </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> Evaporation </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gas </Th> <Td> Deposition </Td> <Td> Condensation </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> , </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Jacobson , Mark Z. , Fundamentals of Atmospheric Modeling , Cambridge University Press , 2nd ed. , 2005 , p. 525 ISBN 978 - 0 - 521 - 83970 - 9 </Li> <Li> Moore , John W. , et al. , Principles of Chemistry : The Molecular Science , Brooks Cole , 2009 , p. 387 ISBN 978 - 0 - 495 - 39079 - 4 </Li> <Li> Whitten , Kenneth W. , et al. , Chemistry , Brooks - Cole , 9th ed. , 2009 , p. 7 ISBN 978 - 0 - 495 - 39163 - 0 </Li> <Li> Glencoe Science `` Focus on Physical Science '' </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> States of matter ( list ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> State </Th> <Td> Baryonic matter <Ul> <Li> Solid </Li> <Li> Liquid </Li> <Li> Gas / Vapor </Li> <Li> Plasma </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Low energy </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bose -- Einstein condensate </Li> <Li> Fermionic condensate </Li> <Li> Degenerate matter </Li> <Li> Quantum Hall </Li> <Li> Rydberg matter </Li> <Li> Rydberg polaron </Li> <Li> Strange matter </Li> <Li> Superfluid </Li> <Li> Supersolid </Li> <Li> Photonic matter </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> High energy </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> QCD matter </Li> <Li> Lattice QCD </Li> <Li> Quark -- gluon plasma </Li> <Li> Color - glass condensate </Li> <Li> Supercritical fluid </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other states </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Colloid </Li> <Li> Glass </Li> <Li> Crystal </Li> <Li> Liquid crystal </Li> <Li> Time crystal </Li> <Li> Quantum spin liquid </Li> <Li> Exotic matter </Li> <Li> Programmable matter </Li> <Li> Dark matter </Li> <Li> Antimatter </Li> <Li> Magnetically ordered <Ul> <Li> Antiferromagnet </Li> <Li> Ferrimagnet </Li> <Li> Ferromagnet </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> String - net liquid </Li> <Li> Superglass </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Transitions </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Boiling </Li> <Li> Boiling point </Li> <Li> Condensation </Li> <Li> Critical line </Li> <Li> Critical point </Li> <Li> Crystallization </Li> <Li> Deposition </Li> <Li> Evaporation </Li> <Li> Flash evaporation </Li> <Li> Freezing </Li> <Li> Chemical ionization </Li> <Li> Ionization </Li> <Li> Lambda point </Li> <Li> Melting </Li> <Li> Melting point </Li> <Li> Recombination </Li> <Li> Regelation </Li> <Li> Saturated fluid </Li> <Li> Sublimation </Li> <Li> Supercooling </Li> <Li> Triple point </Li> <Li> Vaporization </Li> <Li> Vitrification </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Quantities </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Enthalpy of fusion </Li> <Li> Enthalpy of sublimation </Li> <Li> Enthalpy of vaporization </Li> <Li> Latent heat </Li> <Li> Latent internal energy </Li> <Li> Trouton 's ratio </Li> <Li> Volatility </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Concepts </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Binodal </Li> <Li> Compressed fluid </Li> <Li> Cooling curve </Li> <Li> Equation of state </Li> <Li> Leidenfrost effect </Li> <Li> Macroscopic quantum phenomena </Li> <Li> Mpemba effect </Li> <Li> Order and disorder ( physics ) </Li> <Li> Spinodal </Li> <Li> Superconductivity </Li> <Li> Superheated vapor </Li> <Li> Superheating </Li> <Li> Thermo - dielectric effect </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deposition_(phase_transition)&oldid=832599453 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Phase transitions </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles lacking in - text citations from April 2011 </Li> <Li> All articles lacking in - text citations </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Català </Li> <Li> Dansk </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Ελληνικά </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> हिन्दी </Li> <Li> Interlingua </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> עברית </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> 日本 語 </Li> <Li> Нохчийн </Li> <Li> Norsk </Li> <Li> Norsk nynorsk </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> Slovenčina </Li> <Li> Suomi </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> <Li> Türkçe </Li> <Li> Українська </Li> <Li> 中文 </Li> 14 more </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 26 March 2018 , at 23 : 06 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> | The phase change from a gas to a solid is called | [
"Deposition"
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-5593761806871287545 | Longest word in English - wikipedia <H1> Longest word in English </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Not to be confused with Longest words . <P> The identity of the longest word in English depends upon the definition of what constitutes a word in the English language , as well as how length should be compared . In addition to words derived naturally from the language 's roots ( without any known intentional invention ) , English allows new words to be formed by coinage and construction ; place names may be considered words ; technical terms may be arbitrarily long . Length may be understood in terms of orthography and number of written letters , or ( less commonly ) phonology and the number of phonemes . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Word </Th> <Th> Letters </Th> <Th> Characteristics </Th> <Th> Dispute </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Methionylthreonylthreonylglutaminylalanyl ... isoleucine </Td> <Td> 189,819 </Td> <Td> Chemical name of titin , the largest known protein </Td> <Td> Technical ; not in dictionary ; disputed whether it is a word </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Methionylglutaminylarginyltyrosylglutamyl ... serine </Td> <Td> 1,909 </Td> <Td> Longest published word </Td> <Td> Technical </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lopadotemachoselachogaleokranioleipsano ... pterygon </Td> <Td> 182 </Td> <Td> Longest word coined by a major author , the longest word ever to appear in literature </Td> <Td> Coined ; not in dictionary ; Ancient Greek transliteration </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis </Td> <Td> 45 </Td> <Td> Longest word in a major dictionary </Td> <Td> Technical ; coined to be the longest word </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious </Td> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> Made popular in the Mary Poppins film and musical </Td> <Td> Coined </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> <Td> Longest non-coined word in a major dictionary </Td> <Td> Technical </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Floccinaucinihilipilification </Td> <Td> 29 </Td> <Td> Longest unchallenged nontechnical word </Td> <Td> Coined </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Antidisestablishmentarianism </Td> <Td> 28 </Td> <Td> Longest non-coined and nontechnical word </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Honorificabilitudinitatibus </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> Longest word in Shakespeare 's works ; longest word in the English language featuring alternating consonants and vowels </Td> <Td> Latin </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Major dictionaries </Li> <Li> 2 Creations of long words <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Coinages </Li> <Li> 2.2 Agglutinative constructions </Li> <Li> 2.3 Technical terms </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Notable long words <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Place names </Li> <Li> 3.2 Personal names </Li> <Li> 3.3 Words with certain characteristics of notable length <Ul> <Li> 3.3. 1 Typed words </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Major dictionaries </H2> <P> The longest word in any of the major English language dictionaries is pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis , a word that refers to a lung disease contracted from the inhalation of very fine silica particles , specifically from a volcano ; medically , it is the same as silicosis . The word was deliberately coined to be the longest word in English , and has since been used in a close approximation of its originally intended meaning , lending at least some degree of validity to its claim . </P> <P> The Oxford English Dictionary contains pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism ( 30 letters ) . </P> <P> Merriam - Webster 's Collegiate Dictionary does not contain antidisestablishmentarianism ( 28 letters ) , as the editors found no widespread , sustained usage of the word in its original meaning . The longest word in that dictionary is electroencephalographically ( 27 letters ) . </P> <P> The longest non-technical word in major dictionaries is floccinaucinihilipilification at 29 letters . Consisting of a series of Latin words meaning `` nothing '' and defined as `` the act of estimating something as worthless '' ; its usage has been recorded as far back as 1741 . </P> <P> Ross Eckler has noted that most of the longest English words are not likely to occur in general text , meaning non-technical present - day text seen by casual readers , in which the author did not specifically intend to use an unusually long word . According to Eckler , the longest words likely to be encountered in general text are deinstitutionalization and counterrevolutionaries , with 22 letters each . </P> <P> A computer study of over a million samples of normal English prose found that the longest word one is likely to encounter on an everyday basis is uncharacteristically , at 20 letters . </P> <P> The word internationalization is abbreviated `` i18n '' , the embedded number representing the number of letters between the first and the last . </P> <H2> Creations of long words </H2> <H3> Coinages </H3> <P> In his play Assemblywomen ( Ecclesiazousae ) , the ancient Greek comedic playwright Aristophanes created a word of 171 letters ( 183 in the transliteration below ) , which describes a dish by stringing together its ingredients : </P> <Dl> <Dd> Lopadotemachoselachogaleokranioleipsanodrimhypotrimmatosilphioparaomelitokatakechymenokichlepikossyphophattoperisteralektryonoptekephalliokigklopeleiolagoiosiraiobaphetraganopterygon . </Dd> </Dl> <P> Henry Carey 's farce Chrononhotonthologos ( 1743 ) holds the opening line : `` Aldiborontiphoscophornio ! Where left you Chrononhotonthologos ? '' </P> <P> Thomas Love Peacock put these creations into the mouth of the phrenologist Mr. Cranium in his 1816 romp Headlong Hall : osteosarchaematosplanchnochondroneuromuelous ( 44 characters ) and osseocarnisanguineoviscericartilaginonervomedullary ( 51 characters ) . </P> <P> James Joyce made up nine 100 - letter words plus one 101 - letter word in his novel Finnegans Wake , the most famous of which is Bababadalgharaghtakamminarronnkonnbronntonnerronntuonnthunntrovarrhounawnskawntoohoohoordenenthurnuk . Appearing on the first page , it allegedly represents the symbolic thunderclap associated with the fall of Adam and Eve . As it appears nowhere else except in reference to this passage , it is generally not accepted as a real word . Sylvia Plath made mention of it in her semi-autobiographical novel The Bell Jar , when the protagonist was reading Finnegans Wake . </P> <P> `` Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious '' , the 34 - letter title of a song from the movie Mary Poppins , does appear in several dictionaries , but only as a proper noun defined in reference to the song title . The attributed meaning is `` a word that you say when you do n't know what to say . '' The idea and invention of the word is credited to songwriters Robert and Richard Sherman . </P> <H3> Agglutinative constructions </H3> <P> The English language permits the legitimate extension of existing words to serve new purposes by the addition of prefixes and suffixes . This is sometimes referred to as agglutinative construction . This process can create arbitrarily long words : for example , the prefixes pseudo ( false , spurious ) and anti ( against , opposed to ) can be added as many times as desired . A word like anti-aircraft ( pertaining to the defense against aircraft ) is easily extended to anti-anti - aircraft ( pertaining to counteracting the defense against aircraft , a legitimate concept ) and can from there be prefixed with an endless stream of `` anti - '' s , each time creating a new level of counteraction . More familiarly , the addition of numerous `` great '' s to a relative , e.g. great - great - great - grandfather , can produce words of arbitrary length . In musical notation , a 8192nd note may be called a semihemidemisemihemidemisemihemidemisemiquaver . </P> <P> Antidisestablishmentarianism is the longest common example of a word formed by agglutinative construction . </P> <H3> Technical terms </H3> Parastratiosphecomyia sphecomyioides <P> A number of scientific naming schemes can be used to generate arbitrarily long words . </P> <P> The IUPAC nomenclature for organic chemical compounds is open - ended , giving rise to the 189,819 - letter chemical name Methionylthreonylthreonyl ... isoleucine for the protein also known as titin , which is involved in striated muscle formation . In nature , DNA molecules can be much bigger than protein molecules and therefore potentially be referred to with much longer chemical names . For example , the wheat chromosome 3B contains almost 1 billion base pairs , so the sequence of one of its strands , if written out in full like Adenilyladenilylguanilylcystidylthymidyl ... , would be about 8 billion letters long . The longest published word , Acetylseryltyrosylseryliso ... serine , referring to the coat protein of a certain strain of tobacco mosaic virus , was 1,185 letters long , and appeared in the American Chemical Society 's Chemical Abstracts Service in 1964 and 1966 . In 1965 , the Chemical Abstracts Service overhauled its naming system and started discouraging excessively long names . </P> <P> John Horton Conway and Landon Curt Noll developed an open - ended system for naming powers of 10 , in which one sexmilliaquingentsexagintillion , coming from the Latin name for 6560 , is the name for 10 = 10 . Under the long number scale , it would be 10 = 10 . Jonathan Bowers has developed a system for even larger numbers ( enneenneconteennahecteika - enneenneconteennahectenedaka - enneenneconteennahecteyodaka - enneenneconteennahectezedaka - enneenneconteennahecteexdaka - enneenneconteennahectepedaka - enneennecontehectetedaka - enneenneconteennahectetradaka - enneenneconteennahectedoka - enneenneconteennahectehendaka - enneenneconteennahectedaka - enneenneconteennahectexenna - enneenneconteennahecteyotta - enneenneconteennahectezetta - enneenneconteennahecteexa - enneenneconteennahectepeta - enneenneconteennahectetera - enneenneconteennahectegiga - enneenneconteennahectemega - enneenneconteennahectekilla - enneenneconteennahectillion for 10 3 ∗ 10 3 ∗ 10 63 − 3 + 3 ( \ displaystyle 10 ^ ( 3 * 10 ^ ( 3 * 10 ^ ( 63 ) - 3 ) + 3 ) ) ) . </P> <P> Gammaracanthuskytodermogammarus loricatobaicalensis is sometimes cited as the longest binomial name -- it is a kind of amphipod . However , this name , proposed by B. Dybowski , was invalidated by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature in 1929 after being petitioned by Mary J. Rathbun to take up the case . </P> <P> Parastratiosphecomyia stratiosphecomyioides is the longest accepted binomial name . It is a species of soldier fly . </P> <P> Aequeosalinocalcalinoceraceoaluminosocupreovitriolic , at 52 letters , describing the spa waters at Bath , England , is attributed to Dr. Edward Strother ( 1675 -- 1737 ) . The word is composed of the following elements : </P> <Ul> <Li> Aequeo : equal ( Latin , aequo ) </Li> <Li> Salino : containing salt ( Latin , salinus ) </Li> <Li> Calcalino : calcium ( Latin , calx ) </Li> <Li> Ceraceo : waxy ( Latin , cera ) </Li> <Li> Aluminoso : alumina ( Latin ) </Li> <Li> Cupreo : from `` copper '' </Li> <Li> Vitriolic : resembling vitriol </Li> </Ul> <H2> Notable long words </H2> <H3> Place names </H3> The sign at Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateapokaiwhenuakitanatahu The station sign at Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch in North Wales Main article : List of long place names <P> The longest officially recognized place name in an English - speaking country is Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateapokaiwhenuakitanatahu ( 57 letters ) , which is a hill in New Zealand . The name is in the Māori language . A longer and widely recognised version of the name is Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateaturipukakapikimaungahoronukupokaiwhenuakitanatahu ( 85 letters ) , which appears on the signpost at the location ( see the photo on this page ) . In Māori , the digraphs ng and wh are each treated as single letters . </P> <P> In Canada , the longest place name is Dysart , Dudley , Harcourt , Guilford , Harburn , Bruton , Havelock , Eyre and Clyde , a township in Ontario , at 61 letters or 68 non-space characters . </P> <P> The longest non-contrived place name in the United Kingdom which is a single non-hyphenated word is Cottonshopeburnfoot ( 19 letters ) and the longest which is hyphenated is Sutton - under - Whitestonecliffe ( 29 characters ) . </P> <P> The longest place name in the United States ( 45 letters ) is Chargoggagoggmanchauggagoggchaubunagungamaugg , a lake in Webster , Massachusetts . It means `` Fishing Place at the Boundaries -- Neutral Meeting Grounds '' and is sometimes facetiously translated as `` you fish your side of the water , I fish my side of the water , nobody fishes the middle '' . The lake | The longest English word in the dictionary is | [
"pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis"
] | 478 | What is the longest english word in the dictionary? |
-774521643378360615 | PH - wikipedia <H1> PH </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see PH ( disambiguation ) . pH values of some common substances <Table> <Tr> <Th> Acids and bases </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> pH </Li> <Li> Reaction </Li> <Li> Titration </Li> <Li> Extraction </Li> <Li> Dissociation constant ( acid ) </Li> <Li> Acid strength </Li> <Li> Acidity function </Li> <Li> Buffer solutions </Li> <Li> Proton affinity </Li> <Li> Self - ionization of water </Li> <Li> Amphoterism </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Acid types </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Brønsted </Li> <Li> Lewis </Li> <Li> Mineral </Li> <Li> Organic </Li> <Li> Strong </Li> <Li> Superacids </Li> <Li> Weak </Li> <Li> Monobasic acid </Li> <Li> Dibasic acid </Li> <Li> Tribasic acid </Li> <Li> Solid </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Base types </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Brønsted </Li> <Li> Lewis </Li> <Li> Organic </Li> <Li> Strong </Li> <Li> Superbases </Li> <Li> Non-nucleophilic </Li> <Li> Weak </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> In chemistry , pH ( / piːˈ ( h ) eɪ tʃ / ) ( potential of hydrogen ) is a numeric scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution . It is approximately the negative of the base 10 logarithm of the molar concentration , measured in units of moles per liter , of hydrogen ions . More precisely it is the negative of the base 10 logarithm of the activity of the hydrogen ion . Solutions with a pH less than 7 are acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic . Pure water is neutral , at pH 7 ( 25 ° C ) , being neither an acid nor a base . Contrary to popular belief , the pH value can be less than 0 or greater than 14 for very strong acids and bases respectively . </P> <P> Measurements of pH are important in agronomy , medicine , biology , chemistry , agriculture , forestry , food science , environmental science , oceanography , civil engineering , chemical engineering , nutrition , water treatment and water purification , and many other applications . </P> <P> The pH scale is traceable to a set of standard solutions whose pH is established by international agreement . Primary pH standard values are determined using a concentration cell with transference , by measuring the potential difference between a hydrogen electrode and a standard electrode such as the silver chloride electrode . The pH of aqueous solutions can be measured with a glass electrode and a pH meter , or an indicator . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Definition and measurement <Ul> <Li> 2.1 pH </Li> <Li> 2.2 p ( H ) </Li> <Li> 2.3 pH indicators </Li> <Li> 2.4 pOH </Li> <Li> 2.5 Extremes of pH </Li> <Li> 2.6 Non-aqueous solutions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Applications <Ul> <Li> 3.1 pH in soil <Ul> <Li> 3.1. 1 Classification of soil pH ranges </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.2 pH in nature </Li> <Li> 3.3 Seawater </Li> <Li> 3.4 Living systems </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Calculations of pH <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Strong acids and bases </Li> <Li> 4.2 Weak acids and bases </Li> <Li> 4.3 General method </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History </H2> <P> The concept of pH was first introduced by the Danish chemist Søren Peder Lauritz Sørensen at the Carlsberg Laboratory in 1909 and revised to the modern pH in 1924 to accommodate definitions and measurements in terms of electrochemical cells . In the first papers , the notation had the `` H '' as a subscript to the lowercase `` p '' , as so : p . </P> <P> The exact meaning of the `` p '' in `` pH '' is disputed , but according to the Carlsberg Foundation , pH stands for `` power of hydrogen '' . It has also been suggested that the `` p '' stands for the German Potenz ( meaning `` power '' ) , others refer to French puissance ( also meaning `` power '' , based on the fact that the Carlsberg Laboratory was French - speaking ) . Another suggestion is that the `` p '' stands for the Latin terms pondus hydrogenii ( quantity of hydrogen ) , potentia hydrogenii ( capacity of hydrogen ) , or potential hydrogen . It is also suggested that Sørensen used the letters `` p '' and `` q '' ( commonly paired letters in mathematics ) simply to label the test solution ( p ) and the reference solution ( q ) . Currently in chemistry , the p stands for `` decimal cologarithm of '' , and is also used in the term pK , used for acid dissociation constants . </P> <H2> Definition and measurement </H2> <H3> PH </H3> <P> pH is defined as the decimal logarithm of the reciprocal of the hydrogen ion activity , a + , in a solution . </P> <Dl> <Dd> p H = − log 10 ( a H + ) = log 10 ( 1 a H + ) ( \ displaystyle \ mathrm ( pH ) = - \ log _ ( 10 ) ( a_ ( ( \ textrm ( H ) ) ^ ( + ) ) ) = \ log _ ( 10 ) \ left ( ( \ frac ( 1 ) ( a_ ( ( \ textrm ( H ) ) ^ ( + ) ) ) ) \ right ) ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> For example , a solution with a hydrogen ion activity of 5 × 10 = 1 / ( 2 × 10 ) ( at that level essentially the number of moles of hydrogen ions per liter of solution ) has a pH of log ( 2 × 10 ) = 5.3 . For a commonplace example based on the facts that the masses of a mole of water , a mole of hydrogen ions , and a mole of hydroxide ions are respectively 18 g , 1 g , and 17 g , a quantity of 10 moles of pure ( pH 7 ) water , or 180 tonnes ( 18 × 10 g ) , contains close to 1 g of dissociated hydrogen ions ( or rather 19 g of H O hydronium ions ) and 17 g of hydroxide ions . </P> <P> Note that pH depends on temperature . For instance at 0 ° C the pH of pure water is 7.47 . At 25 ° C it 's 7.00 , and at 100 ° C it 's 6.14 . </P> <P> This definition was adopted because ion - selective electrodes , which are used to measure pH , respond to activity . Ideally , electrode potential , E , follows the Nernst equation , which , for the hydrogen ion can be written as </P> <Dl> <Dd> E = E 0 + R T F ln ( a H + ) = E 0 − 2.303 R T F p H ( \ displaystyle E = E ^ ( 0 ) + ( \ frac ( RT ) ( F ) ) \ ln ( a_ ( ( \ textrm ( H ) ) ^ ( + ) ) ) = E ^ ( 0 ) - ( \ frac ( 2.303 RT ) ( F ) ) \ mathrm ( pH ) ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> where E is a measured potential , E is the standard electrode potential , R is the gas constant , T is the temperature in kelvins , F is the Faraday constant . For H number of electrons transferred is one . It follows that electrode potential is proportional to pH when pH is defined in terms of activity . Precise measurement of pH is presented in International Standard ISO 31 - 8 as follows : A galvanic cell is set up to measure the electromotive force ( e.m.f. ) between a reference electrode and an electrode sensitive to the hydrogen ion activity when they are both immersed in the same aqueous solution . The reference electrode may be a silver chloride electrode or a calomel electrode . The hydrogen - ion selective electrode is a standard hydrogen electrode . </P> <Dl> <Dd> Reference electrode concentrated solution of KCl test solution H Pt </Dd> </Dl> <P> Firstly , the cell is filled with a solution of known hydrogen ion activity and the emf , E , is measured . Then the emf , E , of the same cell containing the solution of unknown pH is measured . </P> <Dl> <Dd> pH ( X ) = pH ( S ) + E S − E X z ( \ displaystyle ( \ text ( pH ( X ) ) ) = ( \ text ( pH ( S ) ) ) + ( \ frac ( E_ ( \ text ( S ) ) - E_ ( \ text ( X ) ) ) ( z ) ) ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> The difference between the two measured emf values is proportional to pH . This method of calibration avoids the need to know the standard electrode potential . The proportionality constant , 1 / z is ideally equal to 1 2.303 R T / F ( \ displaystyle ( \ frac ( 1 ) ( 2.303 RT / F ) ) \ ) the `` Nernstian slope '' . </P> <P> To apply this process in practice , a glass electrode is used rather than the cumbersome hydrogen electrode . A combined glass electrode has an in - built reference electrode . It is calibrated against buffer solutions of known hydrogen ion activity . IUPAC has proposed the use of a set of buffer solutions of known H activity . Two or more buffer solutions are used in order to accommodate the fact that the `` slope '' may differ slightly from ideal . To implement this approach to calibration , the electrode is first immersed in a standard solution and the reading on a pH meter is adjusted to be equal to the standard buffer 's value . The reading from a second standard buffer solution is then adjusted , using the `` slope '' control , to be equal to the pH for that solution . Further details , are given in the IUPAC recommendations . When more than two buffer solutions are used the electrode is calibrated by fitting observed pH values to a straight line with respect to standard buffer values . Commercial standard buffer solutions usually come with information on the value at 25 ° C and a correction factor to be applied for other temperatures . </P> <P> The pH scale is logarithmic and therefore pH is a dimensionless quantity . </P> <H3> P ( H ) </H3> <P> This was the original definition of Sørensen , which was superseded in favor of pH in 1909 . However , it is possible to measure the concentration of hydrogen ions directly , if the electrode is calibrated in terms of hydrogen ion concentrations . One way to do this , which has been used extensively , is to titrate a solution of known concentration of a strong acid with a solution of known concentration of strong alkaline in the presence of a relatively high concentration of background electrolyte . Since the concentrations of acid and alkaline are known , it is easy to calculate the concentration of hydrogen ions so that the measured potential can be correlated with concentrations . The calibration is usually carried out using a Gran plot . The calibration yields a value for the standard electrode potential , E , and a slope factor , f , so that the Nernst equation in the form </P> <Dl> <Dd> E = E 0 + f 2.303 R T F log ( H + ) ( | The definition of pH in water is | [
"neutral, at pH 7 (25 °C), being neither an acid nor a base"
] | 286 | What is the definition of ph in water? |
-4418682909598136345 | Edible bird 's nest - wikipedia <H1> Edible bird 's nest </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> </P> <Table> Edible bird 's nest <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Edible bird 's nest </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Place of origin </Th> <Td> Cambodia , Indonesia , Malaysia , Thailand and Vietnam </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Region or state </Th> <Td> Southeast Asia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Cookbook : Edible bird 's nest Media : Edible bird 's nest </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Edible bird 's nest </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Traditional Chinese </Th> <Td> 燕窩 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Simplified Chinese </Th> <Td> 燕窝 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Literal meaning </Th> <Td> `` swallow nest '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( show ) Transcriptions </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Standard Mandarin </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hanyu Pinyin </Th> <Td> yànwō </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Wade -- Giles </Th> <Td> yen - wo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> IPA </Th> <Td> ( jɛ̂n. wó ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Yue : Cantonese </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Yale Romanization </Th> <Td> yin - wō </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> IPA </Th> <Td> ( jīːn. wɔ́ː ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Jyutping </Th> <Td> jin3 - wo1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Southern Min </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hokkien POJ </Th> <Td> iàn - o </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Edible bird 's nests are bird nests created by edible - nest swiftlets using solidified saliva , which are harvested for human consumption . They are particularly prized in Chinese culture due to their rarity , and supposedly high nutritional value and exquisite flavor . Edible bird 's nests are among the most expensive animal products consumed by humans , with nests being sold recently at prices up to about US $ 2,000 per kilogram , depending on grading . The type or grading of bird 's nest depends on the type of bird as well as the diet of the bird . It differs in colour from white to dark brown . The Chinese believe that it promotes good health , especially for the skin . The nests have been used in Chinese cooking for over 400 years , most often as bird 's nest soup . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Etymology </Li> <Li> 2 Culinary use </Li> <Li> 3 Harvesting </Li> <Li> 4 Import restrictions </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 Notes </Li> <Li> 7 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Etymology ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Chinese name for edible bird 's nest , 燕窝 ( yàn wō ) , translates literally as `` swallow 's ( or swift 's ) nest '' , in indonesia called `` sarang walet '' and often serves as a synonym for bird 's nest soup . However , 燕窝 ( yàn wō ) strictly speaking is the uncooked nest . </P> <H2> Culinary use ( edit ) </H2> A bowl of bird nest soup in Miri , Malaysia . <P> The most famous use of edible birds nest is bird 's nest soup , a delicacy in Chinese cuisine . When dissolved in water , the birds ' nests have a gelatinous texture used for soup or sweet soup ( tàhng suay ) . It is mostly referred to as 燕窝 ( yàn wō ) unless references are made to the savoury or sweet soup in Chinese cuisine . According to the Qing Dynasty manual of gastronomy , the Suiyuan shidan , bird nest was a delicate ingredient that must not be flavoured or cooked with anything strong tasting or oily . As well , while it is incredibly precious , it must also be served in relatively large quantities otherwise its texture can not be fully experienced and enjoyed . </P> <P> In addition to their use in soup , edible bird 's nests can be used as an ingredient in many other dishes . They can be cooked with rice to produce bird 's nest congee or bird 's nest boiled rice , or they can be added to egg tarts and other desserts . A bird 's nest jelly can be made by placing the bird 's nest in a ceramic container with minimal water and sugar ( or salt ) and double steamed . Ready - to - eat bird 's nest jelly is available in jars as a commercial product . </P> <H2> Harvesting ( edit ) </H2> <P> The most heavily harvested nests are from the edible - nest swiftlet or white - nest swiftlet ( Aerodramus fuciphagus ) and the black - nest swiftlet ( Aerodramus maximus ) . The white nests and the red nests are supposedly rich in nutrients , which are traditionally believed to provide health benefits . </P> <P> Most nests are built during the breeding season by the male swiftlet over a period of 35 days . They take the shape of a shallow cup stuck to the cave wall . The nests are composed of interwoven strands of salivary cement . Both nests have high levels of calcium , iron , potassium , and magnesium . </P> Natural birds ' nests on the Thai island called Bird 's Nest Island . <P> Hong Kong and the United States are the largest importers of these nests . In Hong Kong , a bowl of bird 's nest soup would cost US $30 to US $100 . A kilogram of white nest can cost up to US $2,000 , and a kilogram of red nests can cost up to US $10,000 . The white nests are commonly treated with a red pigment , but methods have been developed to determine an adulterated nest . Natural red cave nests are often only found in limestone caves in a bird nest concession island in Thailand . The high cost and demand has attracted counterfeiters , leading to the halt of Malaysian nest exports to China ; the Malaysian government has undertaken to employ RFID technology to thwart counterfeiting by micro-chipping nests with details about harvesting , packaging and transport . Industrial quality - control techniques such as failure mode and effects analysis have been applied to edible bird 's nest processing at nesting houses in Sarawak , Malaysia and reported by a research team in by Universiti Malaysia Sarawak . </P> <P> The nests were formerly harvested from caves , principally the enormous limestone caves at Gomantong and Niah in Borneo . With the escalation in demand these sources have been supplanted since the late 1990s by purpose - built nesting houses , usually reinforced concrete structures following the design of the Southeast Asian shop - house ( `` rumah toko '' / `` ruko '' ) . These nesting houses are normally found in urban areas near the sea , since the birds have a propensity to flock in such places . This has become an extraordinary industry , mainly based on a series of towns in the Indonesian province of North Sumatra , which have been completely transformed by the activity . From there the nests are mostly exported to the markets in Hong Kong , which has become the centre of the world trade , though most of the final consumers are from mainland China . It has been estimated that the products now account for 0.5 % of the Indonesian GDP , equivalent to about a quarter of the country 's fishing industry . The entire global industry is an estimated US $5 billion . </P> <Ul> <Li> <P> Dried swiftlet nests ready for cooking </P> </Li> <Li> <P> A box of bird nests selling for US $888.99 </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Ko Lao Liang Tai island , in southern Thailand , where bird nests are collected </P> </Li> <Li> <P> A typical nesting house for swiftlets in Baan Laem , Phetchaburi province , Thailand . </P> </Li> </Ul> <H2> Import restrictions ( edit ) </H2> <P> Because the bird 's nest is an animal product , it is subject to strict import restrictions in some countries , particularly with regard to H5N1 avian flu . Import of nests into Australia is strictly prohibited unless imported with an official Customs and Quarantine import permit from the Australian Department of Agriculture . In Canada commercially prepared , canned and sterile bird 's nest preparations are generally acceptable but may be subject to restrictions . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Traditional Chinese medicine </Li> <Li> List of Chinese soups </Li> <Li> List of delicacies </Li> <Li> List of soups </Li> </Ul> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` eBay search : edible bird 's nest , sold '' . Retrieved 7 March 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Maierbrugger , Arno ( 20 August 2013 ) . `` Vietnam seeks investors for edible bird 's nest industry '' . Inside Investor . Retrieved 20 August 2013 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Hobbs , Joseph J. ( 2004 ) . `` Problems in the harvest of edible birds ' nests in Sarawak and Sabah , Malaysian Borneo '' . Biodiversity and Conservation. 13 : 2209 -- 2226 . doi : 10.1023 / b : bioc. 0000047905.79709. 7f . A few species of swift , the cave swifts , are renowned for building the saliva nests used to produce the unique texture of this soup . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Marcone , Massimo F. ( December 2005 ) . `` Characterization of the edible bird 's nest the `` Caviar of the East '' `` . Food Research International . 38 ( 10 ) : 1125 -- 1134 . doi : 10.1016 / j. foodres. 2005.02. 008 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Seafoods 1 : Bird 's Nest ( 燕窩 ) '' . Translating the Suiyuan Shidan. 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Gausset , Quentin ( 2004 ) . `` Chronicle of a Foreseeable Tragedy : Birds ' Nests Management in the Niah Caves ( Sarawak ) '' . Human Ecology. 32 : 487 -- 506 . doi : 10.1023 / b : huec. 0000043517.23277. 54 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Park , Therese ( 8 February 2005 ) . `` Bird - nest Soup , Anyone ? '' . Koreabridge Writings . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Chinese Delicacy Tagged with RFID '' . RFID World . 30 June 2012 . Retrieved 20 January 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jong , Chian Haur ; Tay , Kai Meng ; Lim , Chee Peng ( August 2013 ) . `` Application of the fuzzy Failure Mode and Effect Analysis methodology to edible bird nest processing '' . Computers and Electronics in Agriculture . 96 : 90 -- 108 . doi : 10.1016 / j. compag. 2013.04. 015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Tay , Kai Meng ; Jong , Chian Haur ; Lim , Chee Peng ( July 2014 ) . `` A clustering - based failure mode and effect analysis model and its application to the edible bird nest industry '' . Neural Computing and Applications . pp. 551 -- 560 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Chang , Wui Lee ; Tay , Kai Meng ; Lim , Chee Peng ( Nov 2015 ) . `` Clustering and visualization of failure modes using an evolving tree '' . Expert Systems with Applications. 42 : 7235 -- 7244 . doi : 10.1016 / j. eswa. 2015.04. 036 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Inside of a Successful Bird 's Nest House '' . House of Bird 's Nest . Retrieved 9 January 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Vietnam Seeks Millions for Edible Bird Spit Industry '' . Bloomberg News . Retrieved 9 January 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Egg Products - Import Procedures '' . Canadian Food Inspection Agency . 2014 . Retrieved 29 July 2014 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> Bibliography ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Jordan , David ( 2004 ) . `` | Bird's nest soup originates from | [
"bird nests created by edible-nest swiftlets using solidified saliva"
] | 241 | Where does bird's nest soup come from? |
-4809486218828226485 | Startup neutron source - wikipedia <H1> Startup neutron source </H1> Jump to : navigation , search RBMK reactor control rod positions at the moment of the Chernobyl disaster ; blue = startup neutron sources ( 12 ) , yellow = shortened control rods from the reactor bottom ( 32 ) , grey = pressure tubes ( 1661 ) , green = control rods ( 167 ) , red = automatic control rods ( 12 ) <P> Startup neutron source is a neutron source used for stable and reliable initiation of nuclear chain reaction in nuclear reactors , when they are loaded with fresh nuclear fuel , whose neutron flux from spontaneous fission is insufficient for a reliable startup , or after prolonged shutdown periods . Neutron sources ensure a constant minimal population of neutrons in the reactor core , sufficient for a smooth startup . Without them , the reactor could suffer fast power excursions during startup from state with too few self - generated neutrons ( new core or after extended shutdown ) . </P> <P> The startup sources are typically inserted in regularly spaced positions inside the reactor core , in place of some of the fuel rods . </P> <P> The sources are important for safe reactor startup . The spontaneous fission and cosmic rays serve as weak neutron sources , but these are too weak for the reactor instrumentation to detect ; relying on them could lead to a `` blind '' start , which is an unsafe condition . The sources are therefore positioned so the neutron flux they produce is always detectable by the reactor monitoring instruments . When the reactor is in shutdown state , the neutron sources serve to provide signals for neutron detectors monitoring the reactor , to ensure they are operable . The equilibrium level of neutron flux in a subcritical reactor is dependent on the neutron source strength ; a certain minimum level of source activity therefore has to be ensured in order to maintain control over the reactor when in strongly subcritical state , namely during startups . </P> <P> The sources can be of two types : </P> <Ul> <Li> Primary sources , used for startup of a fresh reactor core ; conventional neutron sources are used . The primary sources are removed from the reactor after the first fuel campaign , usually after few months , as neutron capture resulting from the thermal neutron flux in an operating reactor changes the composition of the isotopes used , and thus reduces their useful lifetime as neutron sources . <Ul> <Li> Californium - 252 ( spontaneous fission ) </Li> <Li> Plutonium - 238 & beryllium , ( α , n ) reaction </Li> <Li> americium - 241 & beryllium , ( α , n ) reaction </Li> <Li> polonium - 210 & beryllium , ( α , n ) reaction </Li> <Li> radium - 226 & beryllium , ( α , n ) reaction </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> When plutonium - 238 / beryllium primary sources are utilized , they can be either affixed to control rods which are removed from the reactor when it is powered , or clad in a cadmium alloy , which is opaque to thermal neutrons ( reducing transmutation of the plutonium - 238 by neutron capture ) but transparent to fast neutrons produced by the source . </P> <Ul> <Li> Secondary sources , originally inert , become radioactive and neutron - producing only after neutron activation in the reactor . Due to this , they tend to be less expensive . Exposure to thermal neutrons also serves to maintain the source activity ( the radioactive isotopes are both burned and generated in neutron flux ) . <Ul> <Li> Sb - Be photoneutron source ; antimony becomes radioactive in the reactor and its strong gamma emissions ( 1.7 MeV for Sb ) interact with beryllium - 9 by an ( γ , n ) reaction and provide photoneutrons . In a PWR reactor one neutron source rod contains 160 grams of antimony , and stay in the reactor for 5 -- 7 years . The sources are often constructed as an antimony rod surrounded by beryllium layer and clad in stainless steel . Antimony - beryllium alloy can be also used . </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> The chain reaction in the first critical reactor , CP - 1 , was initiated by neutron sources generated during its prior subcritical test runs . The very first of those could have been initiated by ambient cosmic - ray neutrons . Similarly , in modern reactors ( after startup ) , delayed neutron emission from fission products suffices to sustain the amplification reaction while yielding controllable growth times . ( In comparison , a bomb is based on immediate neutrons and grows exponentially in nanoseconds . ) </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Atomic Energy of Canada ( 1997 ) . Canada enters the nuclear age : a technical history of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited . McGill - Queen 's Press - MQUP . p. 224 . ISBN 0 - 7735 - 1601 - 8 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : U.S. Patent 4,208,247 Neutron source </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Microsoft Word - lecture25. doc '' ( PDF ) . Archived from the original ( PDF ) on June 29 , 2011 . Retrieved 2010 - 03 - 28 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Ken Kok ( 2009 ) . Nuclear Engineering Handbook . CRC Press . p. 27 . ISBN 1 - 4200 - 5390 - 6 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Integrated Publishing . `` Neutron Sources Summary '' . Tpub.com . Retrieved 2010 - 03 - 28 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Karl - Heinz Neeb ( 1997 ) . The radiochemistry of nuclear power plants with light water reactors . Walter de Gruyter . p. 147 . ISBN 3 - 11 - 013242 - 7 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Memorandum from Raymond L. Murray to Dr. Clifford K. Beck '' . Lib.ncsu.edu . Retrieved 2010 - 03 - 28 . </Li> </Ol> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Startup_neutron_source&oldid=784766060 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Neutron sources </Li> <Li> Nuclear reactors </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 9 June 2017 , at 23 : 05 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> | In nuclear fission, the neutrons come from a | [
"Startup neutron source"
] | 76 | Where do the neutrons come from in nuclear fission? |
5668950355459073907 | of America </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Dark fantasy , science fiction , horror , Western </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Dark Tower is a series of eight books written by American author Stephen King that incorporates themes from multiple genres , including dark fantasy , science fantasy , horror , and Western . It describes a `` gunslinger '' and his quest toward a tower , the nature of which is both physical and metaphorical . The series , and its use of the Dark Tower , expands upon Stephen King 's multiverse and in doing so , links together many of his other novels . King has described the series as his magnum opus . In addition to the eight novels of the series proper that comprise 4,250 pages , many of King 's other books relate to the story , introducing concepts and characters that come into play as the series progresses . </P> <P> The series was chiefly inspired by the poem `` Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came '' by Robert Browning , whose full text was included in the final volume 's appendix . In the preface to the revised 2003 edition of The Gunslinger , King also identifies The Lord of the Rings , Arthurian Legend , and The Good , the Bad and the Ugly as inspirations . He identifies Clint Eastwood 's `` Man with No Name '' character as one of the major inspirations for the protagonist , Roland Deschain . King 's style of location names in the series , such as Mid-World , and his development of a unique language abstract to our own ( High Speech ) , are also influenced by J.R.R. Tolkien 's work . </P> <P> A film based on The Gunslinger and also serving as a sequel to the events of The Dark Tower due to the nature of said book 's ending was released in August 2017 . </P> <P> Stephen King saw the Dark Tower series as a first draft . He planned to rewrite it to eliminate continuity errors and possibly remove himself from the later books , but after revising The Gunslinger , `` he is trying to decide how much he can rewrite . '' </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Overview <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Plot summary </Li> <Li> 1.2 Characters </Li> <Li> 1.3 Language </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Series <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Continuation </Li> <Li> 2.2 Illustrations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Reception </Li> <Li> 4 Other media <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Tie - in books </Li> <Li> 4.2 Prequel comic series </Li> <Li> 4.3 Further comic adaptions </Li> <Li> 4.4 Discordia </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Film adaptation <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Potential sequel </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Audiobooks </Li> <Li> 7 Connections to King 's other works </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Overview ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Plot summary ( edit ) </H3> <P> In the story , Roland Deschain is the last living member of a knightly order known as gunslingers and the last of the line of `` Arthur Eld '' , his world 's analogue of King Arthur . Politically organized along the lines of a feudal society , it shares technological and social characteristics with the American Old West but is also magical . Many of the magical aspects have vanished from Mid-World , but traces remain as do relics from a technologically advanced society . Roland 's quest is to find the Dark Tower , a fabled building said to be the nexus of all universes . Roland 's world is said to have `` moved on '' , and it appears to be coming apart at the seams . Mighty nations have been torn apart by war , entire cities and regions vanish without a trace and time does not flow in an orderly fashion . Sometimes , even the sun rises in the north and sets in the east . As the series opens , Roland 's motives , goals and age are unclear , though later installments shed light on these mysteries . </P> <P> For a detailed synopsis of the novels , see the relevant article for each book . </P> <H3> Characters ( edit ) </H3> Main article : List of The Dark Tower characters <P> Along his journey to the Dark Tower , Roland meets a great number of both friends and enemies . For most of the way he is accompanied by a group of people who together with him form the Ka - tet of the Nineteen and Ninety - nine , consisting of Jake Chambers , Eddie Dean , Susannah Dean , and Oy . Among his many enemies on the way are The Man In Black , Mordred and The Crimson King . </P> <H3> Language ( edit ) </H3> <P> King created a language for his characters , known as the High Speech . Examples of this language include the phrases Thankee , Sai ( `` Thank you , Sir / Ma'am . '' ) and Dan - Tete ( `` Little Savior '' ) . In addition , King uses the term Ka , which is the approximate equivalent of destiny , or fate , in the fictional language High Speech ( and similarly , Ka - tet , a group of people bound together by fate / destiny ) . This term originated in Egyptian mythology and storytelling , and has figured in several other novels and screenplays since 1976 . The term also appears in King 's short story , `` Low Men in Yellow Coats '' , in which Ted describes its meaning to Bobby . </P> <H2> Series ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> # </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Pages </Th> <Th> Words </Th> <Th> Release </Th> <Th> Awards </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Dark Tower : The Gunslinger </Td> <Td> 224 </Td> <Td> 55,376 </Td> <Td> 1982 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Dark Tower II : The Drawing of the Three </Td> <Td> 400 </Td> <Td> 125,948 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Dark Tower III : The Waste Lands </Td> <Td> 512 </Td> <Td> 173,489 </Td> <Td> 1991 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Dark Tower IV : Wizard and Glass </Td> <Td> 787 </Td> <Td> 254,691 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1998 Locus Award nominee </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> The Dark Tower V : Wolves of the Calla </Td> <Td> 714 </Td> <Td> 242,776 </Td> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> 2004 Locus Award nominee </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> The Dark Tower VI : Song of Susannah </Td> <Td> 432 </Td> <Td> 118,221 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2005 Locus Award nominee </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> The Dark Tower VII : The Dark Tower </Td> <Td> 845 </Td> <Td> 272,273 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2005 British Fantasy Award winner </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> The Dark Tower : The Wind Through the Keyhole </Td> <Td> 336 </Td> <Td> 91,857 </Td> <Td> 2012 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> Total </Th> <Th> 4,250 </Th> <Th> 1,334,631 </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Continuation ( edit ) </H3> <P> While the series was declared finished with the publication of the seventh volume in 2004 , King described in an interview in March 2009 an idea for a new short story he 'd recently had : `` And then I thought , ' Well , why do n't I find three more like this and do a book that would be almost like modern fairy tales ? ' Then this thing started to add on bits and pieces so I guess it will be a novel . '' According to King , the idea was a new Dark Tower novel . </P> <P> King said , regarding The Dark Tower , `` It 's not really done yet . Those seven books are really sections of one long über - novel . '' Stephen King confirmed this during his TimesTalk event at The Times Center in New York City on November 10 , 2009 , and the next day King 's official site posted that King will begin working on this novel in about eight months , with a tentative title being The Wind Through the Keyhole . King noted that this novel should be set between the fourth and the fifth books of the series . The book , titled The Dark Tower : The Wind Through the Keyhole , was announced on Stephen King 's official site on March 10 , 2011 , and was published on April 24 , 2012 . </P> <P> In July 2016 , director Nikolaj Arcel confirmed that the Dark Tower film would be a sequel to the novels as well as a direct adaptation , with Roland in the next cycle of his journey to the Tower . </P> <H3> Illustrations ( edit ) </H3> <P> Each book in the series was originally published in hardcover format with a number of full - color illustrations spread throughout . Each book contained works by a single illustrator only . Subsequent printings of each book in trade paperback format usually preserve the illustrations in full , except for books I and IV . Pocket - sized paperback reprints contain only black - and - white chapter or section header illustrations . </P> <P> The illustrators who worked on each book are : </P> <Ol> <Li> Michael Whelan ; The Dark Tower is among his early notable works . </Li> <Li> Phil Hale -- the only Dark Tower illustrator who created a second set of illustrations for a later printing of the book he illustrated . </Li> <Li> Ned Dameron . </Li> <Li> Dave McKean -- the only Dark Tower illustrator to work in photocollages . </Li> <Li> Jae Lee -- an illustrator who had previously worked on the Marvel Comics adaptation of the series , illustrated The Wind Through the Keyhole . </Li> <Li> Bernie Wrightson -- illustrator for 1960s and 1970s horror comics ; he also provided the illustrations for King 's novella `` Cycle of the Werewolf '' ( 1983 ) . </Li> <Li> Darrel Anderson -- the only Dark Tower illustrator who used digital illustration techniques . </Li> <Li> Michael Whelan -- returning more than 20 years later as the only recurring Dark Tower illustrator . </Li> </Ol> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( August 2007 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Bill Sheehan of The Washington Post called the series `` a humane , visionary epic and a true magnum opus '' that stands as an `` imposing example of pure storytelling , '' `` filled with brilliantly rendered set pieces ... cataclysmic encounters and moments of desolating tragedy . '' Erica Noonan of the Boston Globe said , `` There 's a fascinating world to be discovered in the series '' but noted that its epic nature keeps it from being user - friendly . Allen Johnston of The New York Times was disappointed with how the series progressed ; while he marveled at the `` sheer absurdity of ( the books ' ) existence '' and complimented King 's writing style , he said preparation would have improved the series , stating `` King does n't have the writerly finesse for these sorts of games , and the voices let him down . '' Michael Berry of the San Francisco Chronicle , however , called the series ' early installments `` highfalutin hodgepodge '' but the ending `` a valediction '' that `` more than delivers on what has been promised . '' </P> <H2> Other Media ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Tie - in books ( edit ) </H3> <P> The series has prompted related non-fiction books by authors besides King . Robin Furth has published the | The first Dark Tower book was published in | [
"1982"
] | 1,182 | When was the first dark tower book published? |
-873107511766305306 | 0 - wikipedia <H1> 0 </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the number and digit 0 . It is not to be confused with the letter O . `` Zero '' redirects here . For other uses , see 0 ( disambiguation ) and Zero ( disambiguation ) . `` Naught '' redirects here . For the album by Stolen Babies , see Naught ( album ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> ← − 1 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 1 → </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> - 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 → List of numbers -- Integers ← 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 → </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cardinal </Th> <Td> 0 , zero , `` oh '' ( / oʊ / ) , nought , naught , nil </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ordinal </Th> <Td> Zeroth , noughth </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Divisors </Th> <Td> All numbers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Binary </Th> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ternary </Th> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Quaternary </Th> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Quinary </Th> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Senary </Th> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Octal </Th> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Duodecimal </Th> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hexadecimal </Th> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Vigesimal </Th> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Base 36 </Th> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Arabic & Kurdish </Th> <Td> ٠ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Urdu </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Bengali </Th> <Td> ০ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Devanāgarī </Th> <Td> ० </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chinese </Th> <Td> 零 , 〇 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Japanese </Th> <Td> 零 , 〇 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Khmer </Th> <Td> ០ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Thai </Th> <Td> ๐ </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> 0 ( zero ; / ˈzɪəroʊ / ) is both a number and the numerical digit used to represent that number in numerals . The number 0 fulfills a central role in mathematics as the additive identity of the integers , real numbers , and many other algebraic structures . As a digit , 0 is used as a placeholder in place value systems . Names for the number 0 in English include zero , nought ( UK ) , naught ( US ) ( / nɔːt / ) , nil , or -- in contexts where at least one adjacent digit distinguishes it from the letter `` O '' -- oh or o ( / oʊ / ) . Informal or slang terms for zero include zilch and zip . Ought and aught ( / ɔː t / ) , as well as cipher , have also been used historically . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Etymology <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Modern usage </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 History <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Ancient Near East </Li> <Li> 2.2 Pre-Columbian Americas </Li> <Li> 2.3 Classical antiquity </Li> <Li> 2.4 China </Li> <Li> 2.5 India and Southeast Asia <Ul> <Li> 2.5. 1 Epigraphy </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.6 Middle Ages <Ul> <Li> 2.6. 1 Transmission to Islamic culture </Li> <Li> 2.6. 2 Transmission to Europe </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Mathematics <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Elementary algebra </Li> <Li> 3.2 Other branches of mathematics </Li> <Li> 3.3 Related mathematical terms </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Physics </Li> <Li> 5 Chemistry </Li> <Li> 6 Computer science </Li> <Li> 7 Other fields </Li> <Li> 8 Symbols and representations </Li> <Li> 9 Year label </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 Notes </Li> <Li> 12 References </Li> <Li> 13 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Etymology </H2> Main articles : Names for the number 0 and Names for the number 0 in English <P> The word zero came into the English language via French zéro from Italian zero , Italian contraction of Venetian zevero form of ' Italian zefiro via ṣafira or ṣifr . In pre-Islamic time the word ṣifr ( Arabic صفر ) had the meaning `` empty '' . Sifr evolved to mean zero when it was used to translate śūnya ( Sanskrit : शून्य ) from India . The first known English use of zero was in 1598 . </P> <P> The Italian mathematician Fibonacci ( c. 1170 -- 1250 ) , who grew up in North Africa and is credited with introducing the decimal system to Europe , used the term zephyrum . This became zefiro in Italian , and was then contracted to zero in Venetian . The Italian word zefiro was already in existence ( meaning `` west wind '' from Latin and Greek zephyrus ) and may have influenced the spelling when transcribing Arabic ṣifr . </P> <H3> Modern usage </H3> <P> There are different words used for the number or concept of zero depending on the context . For the simple notion of lacking , the words nothing and none are often used . Sometimes the words nought , naught and aught are used . Several sports have specific words for zero , such as nil in association football ( soccer ) , love in tennis and a duck in cricket . It is often called oh in the context of telephone numbers . Slang words for zero include zip , zilch , nada , and scratch . Duck egg and goose egg are also slang for zero . </P> <H2> History </H2> <H3> Ancient near East </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> nfr </Th> <Td> heart with trachea beautiful , pleasant , good </Td> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Ancient Egyptian numerals were base 10 . They used hieroglyphs for the digits and were not positional . By 1770 BC , the Egyptians had a symbol for zero in accounting texts . The symbol nfr , meaning beautiful , was also used to indicate the base level in drawings of tombs and pyramids and distances were measured relative to the base line as being above or below this line . </P> <P> By the middle of the 2nd millennium BC , the Babylonian mathematics had a sophisticated sexagesimal positional numeral system . The lack of a positional value ( or zero ) was indicated by a space between sexagesimal numerals . By 300 BC , a punctuation symbol ( two slanted wedges ) was co-opted as a placeholder in the same Babylonian system . In a tablet unearthed at Kish ( dating from about 700 BC ) , the scribe Bêl - bân - aplu wrote his zeros with three hooks , rather than two slanted wedges . </P> <P> The Babylonian placeholder was not a true zero because it was not used alone . Nor was it used at the end of a number . Thus numbers like 2 and 120 ( 2 × 60 ) , 3 and 180 ( 3 × 60 ) , 4 and 240 ( 4 × 60 ) , looked the same because the larger numbers lacked a final sexagesimal placeholder . Only context could differentiate them . </P> <H3> Pre-columbian Americas </H3> The back of Epi - Olmec stela C from Tres Zapotes , the second oldest Long Count date discovered . The numerals 7.16. 6.16. 18 translate to September , 32 BC ( Julian ) . The glyphs surrounding the date are thought to be one of the few surviving examples of Epi - Olmec script . <P> The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar developed in south - central Mexico and Central America required the use of zero as a place - holder within its vigesimal ( base - 20 ) positional numeral system . Many different glyphs , including this partial quatrefoil -- -- were used as a zero symbol for these Long Count dates , the earliest of which ( on Stela 2 at Chiapa de Corzo , Chiapas ) has a date of 36 BC . </P> <P> Since the eight earliest Long Count dates appear outside the Maya homeland , it is generally believed that the use of zero in the Americas predated the Maya and was possibly the invention of the Olmecs . Many of the earliest Long Count dates were found within the Olmec heartland , although the Olmec civilization ended by the 4th century BC , several centuries before the earliest known Long Count dates . </P> <P> Although zero became an integral part of Maya numerals , with a different , empty tortoise - like `` shell shape '' used for many depictions of the `` zero '' numeral , it is assumed to have not influenced Old World numeral systems . </P> <P> Quipu , a knotted cord device , used in the Inca Empire and its predecessor societies in the Andean region to record accounting and other digital data , is encoded in a base ten positional system . Zero is represented by the absence of a knot in the appropriate position . </P> <H3> Classical antiquity </H3> <P> The ancient Greeks had no symbol for zero ( μηδέν ) , and did not use a digit placeholder for it . They seemed unsure about the status of zero as a number . They asked themselves , `` How can nothing be something ? '' , leading to philosophical and , by the medieval period , religious arguments about the nature and existence of zero and the vacuum . The paradoxes of Zeno of Elea depend in large part on the uncertain interpretation of zero . </P> Example of the early Greek symbol for zero ( lower right corner ) from a 2nd - century papyrus <P> By 130 AD , Ptolemy , influenced by Hipparchus and the Babylonians , was using a symbol for zero ( a small circle with a long overbar ) in his work on mathematical astronomy called the Syntaxis Mathematica , also known as the Almagest . The way in which it is used can be seen in his table of chords in that book . Ptolemy 's zero was used within a sexagesimal numeral system otherwise using alphabetic Greek numerals . Because it was used alone , not just as a placeholder , this Hellenistic zero was perhaps the earliest documented use of a numeral representing zero in the Old World . However , the positions were usually limited to the fractional part of a number ( called minutes , seconds , thirds , fourths , etc . ) -- they were not used for the integral part of a number , indicating a concept perhaps better expressed as `` none '' , rather than `` zero '' in the modern sense . In later Byzantine manuscripts of Ptolemy 's Almagest , the Hellenistic zero had morphed into the Greek letter omicron ( otherwise meaning 70 ) . </P> <P> Another zero was used in tables alongside Roman numerals by 525 ( first known use by Dionysius Exiguus ) , but as a word , nulla meaning `` nothing '' , not as a symbol . When division produced zero as a remainder , nihil , also meaning `` nothing '' , was used . These medieval zeros were used by all future medieval calculators of Easter . The initial `` N '' was used as a zero symbol in a table of Roman numerals by Bede or his colleagues around 725 . </P> <H3> China </H3> This is a depiction of zero expressed in Chinese counting rods , based on the example provided by A History of Mathematics . An empty space is used to represent zero . <P> The Sūnzĭ Suànjīng , of unknown date but estimated to be dated from the 1st to 5th centuries AD , and Japanese records dated from the 18th century , describe how the c. 4th century BC Chinese counting rods system enables one to perform decimal calculations . According to A History of Mathematics , the rods `` gave the decimal representation of a number , with an empty space denoting zero . | Zero was first used in mathematical operations | [
"By 1770 BC"
] | 989 | When was zero first used in mathematical operations? |
-58163792752112756 | South Carolina in the American Civil war - wikipedia <H1> South Carolina in the American Civil war </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> State of South Carolina </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Nickname ( s ) : `` Palmetto Republic '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Flag </Td> <Td> Coat of arms </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Map of the United States with South Carolina highlighted . </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Capital </Th> <Td> Columbia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Largest City </Th> <Td> Charleston </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Admission to confederacy </Th> <Td> February 4 , 1861 ( 1st ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Population </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 703,708 total </Li> <Li> 301,302 free </Li> <Li> 402,406 slave </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Forces supplied </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 23 % of white population total </Li> <Li> 12,992 killed </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Major garrisons / armories </Th> <Td> Fort Sumter , Charleston Harbor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Governor </Th> <Td> Francis Pickens ( 1860 -- 1862 ) Milledge Bonham Andrew Magrath </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Senators </Th> <Td> Robert Woodward Barnwell James Lawrence Orr </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Representatives </Th> <Td> List </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Restored to the Union </Th> <Td> July 9 , 1868 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Part of a series on the </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> History of South Carolina </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Timeline </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Colonial period </Td> <Td> 1651 -- 1774 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> American Revolution </Td> <Td> 1775 -- 1788 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Antebellum period </Td> <Td> 1812 -- 1860 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Civil War era </Td> <Td> 1861 -- 1865 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Reconstruction </Td> <Td> 1865 -- 1877 </Td> </Tr> </Table> State of South Carolina </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> South Carolina portal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Confederate States in the American Civil War </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> South Carolina </Li> <Li> Mississippi </Li> <Li> Florida </Li> <Li> Alabama </Li> <Li> Georgia </Li> <Li> Louisiana </Li> <Li> Texas </Li> <Li> Virginia </Li> <Li> Arkansas </Li> <Li> North Carolina </Li> <Li> Tennessee </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Border states </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Delaware </Li> <Li> Maryland </Li> <Li> West Virginia </Li> <Li> Kentucky </Li> <Li> Missouri </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dual governments </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Missouri </Li> <Li> Kentucky </Li> <Li> West Virginia </Li> <Li> Virginia </Li> <Li> Tennessee </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Territories </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Indian Territory </Li> <Li> Arizona </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union ( Dec. 1860 ) , and was one of the founder members of the Confederacy ( Feb. 1861 ) . The bombardment of the beleaguered U.S. garrison at Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor on April 12 , 1861 is normally reckoned as the first military engagement of the war . </P> <P> South Carolina was a source of troops for the Confederate army , and as the war progressed , also for the Union , as thousands of ex-slaves flocked to join the Union forces . The state also provided uniforms , textiles , food , and war material , as well as trained soldiers and leaders from The Citadel and other military schools . In contrast to most other Confederate states , South Carolina had a well - developed rail network linking all of its major cities without a break of gauge . Relatively free from Union occupation until the very end of the war , South Carolina hosted a number of prisoner of war camps . South Carolina also was the only Confederate state not to harbor pockets of anti-secessionist fervor strong enough to send large amounts of white men to fight for the Union , as every other state in the Confederacy did . </P> <P> Among the leading generals from the Palmetto State were Wade Hampton III , one of the Confederacy 's leading cavalrymen , Maxcy Gregg , killed in action at Fredericksburg , Joseph B. Kershaw , whose South Carolina infantry brigade saw some of the hardest fighting of the Army of Northern Virginia , and James Longstreet who served in that army under Robert E. Lee and in the Army of Tennessee under Gen. Braxton Bragg . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Secession </Li> <Li> 3 American Civil War <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Fort Sumter </Li> <Li> 3.2 Fort Wagner </Li> <Li> 3.3 The war ends </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Battles in South Carolina </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 Notes </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 Further reading </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> The white population of the state had strongly supported the institution of slavery since the 18th century . Political leaders such as Democrats John Calhoun and Preston Brooks had inflamed regional and national passions in support of the institution , and many pro-slavery voices had cried for secession . On the outbreak of war , South Carolina had the highest percentage of slaves of any U.S. state at 57 % of its population enslaved ; 46 % of its families owned at least one slave . </P> <P> For decades , South Carolinian political leaders had promoted regional passions with threats of nullification and secession in the name of southern states ' rights and protection of the interests of the slave power . </P> <P> Alfred P. Aldrich , a South Carolinian politician from Barnwell , stated that declaring secession would be necessary if a Republican candidate were to win the 1860 U.S. presidential election , stating that it was the only way for the state to preserve slavery and diminish the influence of the anti-slavery Republican Party , which , were its goals of abolition realized , would result in the `` destruction of the South '' : </P> <P> If the Republican party with its platform of principles , the main feature of which is the abolition of slavery and , therefore , the destruction of the South , carries the country at the next Presidential election , shall we remain in the Union , or form a separate Confederacy ? This is the great , grave issue . It is not who shall be President , it is not which party shall rule -- it is a question of political and social existence . </P> -- Alfred P. Aldrich , <P> In a January 1860 speech , South Carolinian congressman Laurence Massillon Keitt , summed up this view in an oratory condemning the Republican Party for its anti-slavery views , claiming that slavery was not morally wrong , but rather , justified : </P> <P> The anti-slavery party contends that slavery is wrong in itself , and the Government is a consolidated national democracy . We of the South contend that slavery is right ... </P> -- Laurence Massillon Keitt , Speech to the House , ( January 1860 ) . <P> Later that year , in December , Keitt would state that South Carolina 's declaring of secession was the direct result of slavery : </P> <P> Our people have come to this on the question of slavery . </P> -- Laurence Massillon Keitt , South Carolina secession debates , ( December 1860 ) . <H2> Secession ( edit ) </H2> <P> On November 9 , 1860 the South Carolina General Assembly passed a `` Resolution to Call the Election of Abraham Lincoln as U.S. President a Hostile Act '' and stated its intention to declare secession from the United States . </P> <P> In December 1860 , amid the secession crisis , former South Carolinian congressman John McQueen wrote to a group of civic leaders in Richmond , Virginia , regarding the reasons as to why South Carolina was contemplating secession from the Union . In the letter , McQueen claimed that U.S. president - elect Abraham Lincoln supported equality and civil rights for African Americans as well as the abolition of slavery , and thus South Carolina , being opposed to such measures , was compelled to secede : </P> <P> I have never doubted what Virginia would do when the alternatives present themselves to her intelligent and gallant people , to choose between an association with her sisters and the dominion of a people , who have chosen their leader upon the single idea that the African is equal to the Anglo - Saxon , and with the purpose of placing our slaves on equality with ourselves and our friends of every condition ! and if we of South Carolina have aided in your deliverance from tyranny and degradation , as you suppose , it will only the more assure us that we have performed our duty to ourselves and our sisters in taking the first decided step to preserve an inheritance left us by an ancestry whose spirit would forbid its being tarnished by assassins . We , of South Carolina , hope soon to great you in a Southern Confederacy , where white men shall rule our destinies , and from which we may transmit to our posterity the rights , privileges and honor left us by our ancestors . </P> -- John McQueen , Correspondence to T.T. Cropper and J.R. Crenshaw , ( December 24 , 1860 ) <P> South Carolinian religious leader James Henley Thornwell also espoused a similar view to McQueen 's , stating that slavery was justified under the Christian religion , and thus , those who viewed slavery as being immoral were opposed to Christianity : </P> <P> The parties in the conflict are not merely abolitionists and slaveholders . They are atheists , socialists , communists , red republicans , Jacobins on the one side , and friends of order and regulated freedom on the other . In one word , the world is the battleground -- Christianity and Atheism the combatants ; and the progress of humanity at stake . </P> -- James Henley Thornwell , <P> Other religious institutions in South Carolina also expressed support for slavery . The Southern Presbyterian of S.C. declared that : </P> <P> Anti-slavery is essentially infidel . It wars upon the Bible , on the Church of Christ , on the truth of God , on the souls of men . </P> -- Southern Presbyterian of S.C. , <P> On November 10 , 1860 the S.C. General Assembly called for a `` Convention of the People of South Carolina '' to consider secession . Delegates were to be elected on December 6 . The secession convention convened in Columbia on December 17 and voted unanimously , 169 - 0 , to declare secession from the United States . The convention then adjourned to Charleston to draft an ordinance of secession . When the ordinance was adopted on December 20 , 1860 , South Carolina became the first slave state in the south to declare that it had seceded from the United States . James Buchanan , the United States president , declared the ordinance illegal but did not act to stop it . </P> <P> A committee of the convention also drafted a Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina which was adopted on December 24 . The secession declaration stated the primary reasoning behind South Carolina 's declaring of secession from the Union , which was described as : </P> <P> ... increasing hostility on the part of the non-slaveholding States to the Institution of Slavery ... </P> -- Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina , ( December 24 , 1860 ) . <P> The declaration also claims that secession was declared as a result of the refusal of free states to enforce | One reason South Carolina gave for its decision to secede from the Union was | [
"to preserve slavery"
] | 1,022 | What was one reason south carolina gave for its decision to secede from the union? |
-6482446475869649556 | And I Am Telling You I 'm Not Going - wikipedia <H1> And I Am Telling You I 'm Not Going </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( June 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` And I Am Telling You I 'm Not Going '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Jennifer Holliday </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Dreamgirls : Original Broadway Cast Album </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Fake Your Way to the Top '' by Cleavant Derricks , Loretta Devine , Jennifer Holliday , and Sheryl Lee Ralph </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 1982 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 '' single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1982 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Show tune , soul </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 08 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Geffen </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Tom Eyen , Henry Krieger </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> David Foster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Jennifer Holliday singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` And I Am Telling You I 'm Not Going '' ( 1982 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Am Changing '' ( 1982 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` And I Am Telling You I 'm Not Going '' ( 1982 ) </Td> <Td> `` I Am Changing '' ( 1982 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` And I Am Telling You I 'm Not Going '' ( also known in short as just `` And I Am Telling You '' ) is a torch song from the Broadway musical Dreamgirls , with lyrics by Tom Eyen and music by Henry Krieger . In the context of the musical , `` And I Am Telling You I 'm Not Going '' is sung by the character Effie White , a singer with the girl group The Dreams , to her manager , Curtis Taylor Jr. , whose romantic and professional relationship with Effie is quickly ending . The lyrics to `` And I Am Telling You I 'm Not Going '' , often considered the show 's signature tune , describe Effie 's love for Curtis , both strongly devoted and defiant . She refuses to let Curtis leave her behind , and boldly proclaims to him , `` I 'm staying and you ... you 're gon na love me . '' </P> <P> In addition to its presence in the musical , `` And I Am Telling You I 'm Not Going '' is also notable as the debut single of two women who portrayed Effie . Jennifer Holliday originated the role on Broadway in 1981 and won a Tony Award for her performance as well as the Grammy for Best R&B Performance , Female for its re-release in 1982 for which it became a number - one R&B hit for Holliday . Jennifer Hudson portrayed Effie in the 2006 film adaptation of Dreamgirls , winning an Oscar for the role . Hudson 's version became a Top 20 R&B single , and a number - one dance hit . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Jennifer Holliday version </Li> <Li> 2 Jennifer Hudson version <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Dance remix </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Notable later versions </Li> <Li> 4 Charts </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Jennifer Holliday version ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1982 , Jennifer Holliday , the actress who portrayed Effie in the original Broadway production , released the song as a single . It was her first single release and it met with great success , topping the Billboard R&B charts and attaining top forty positions on both the Billboard Hot 100 and the UK Singles Chart . In 1983 , Holliday won the Grammy Award for Best R&B Vocal Performance , Female for the single . </P> <P> `` And I Am Telling You I 'm Not Going '' was designed as the closing number of Dreamgirls ' first act . Holliday 's performance of the song , in a style owing much to gospel music singing traditions , was regularly staged to thunderous applause ; it was hailed as the highlight of the show in several printed reviews of the musical . In his review of Dreamgirls ' opening night performance , New York Times theatre critic Frank Rich referred to Holliday 's `` And I Am Telling You '' as `` one of the most powerful theatrical coups to be found in a Broadway musical since Ethel Merman sang `` Everything 's Coming Up Roses '' at the end of Act I of Gypsy '' `` And I Am Telling You I 'm Not Going '' remains Holliday 's signature song . </P> <H2> Jennifer Hudson version ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` And I Am Telling You I 'm Not Going '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Jennifer Hudson </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Dreamgirls : Music from the Motion Picture and Jennifer Hudson </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> December 5 , 2006 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> Music download CD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> The Underlab , Los Angeles : March 2006 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Rhythm and blues , soul </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 45 ( highlights version ) 5 : 06 ( soundtrack version ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Music World / Columbia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Tom Eyen , Henry Krieger </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> The Underdogs </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Jennifer Hudson singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` And I Am Telling You I 'm Not Going '' ( 2006 ) </Td> <Td> `` Spotlight '' ( 2008 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` And I Am Telling You I 'm Not Going '' ( 2006 ) </Td> <Td> `` Spotlight '' ( 2008 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` And I Am Telling You I 'm Not Going '' was recorded in 2006 by former American Idol contestant Jennifer Hudson , who portrayed Effie White in the DreamWorks / Paramount motion picture adaptation of Dreamgirls . Her recording of the song , the Dreamgirls film soundtrack 's second single , peaked at number 60 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart , and number 14 on the R&B chart . Hudson won the 2006 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Dreamgirls ; she thanked Holliday in her acceptance speech . The song can be heard on her debut album Jennifer Hudson ( 2008 ) . </P> <P> Hudson 's version received outstanding reviews from multiple movie and music critics , which highlighted her strength as both a vocalist and an actress . New York Observer described Hudson 's performance as `` five mellifluous , molto vibrato minutes ... '' Newsweek said that when moviegoers hear Hudson sing the song , she `` is going to raise goose bumps across the land . '' Variety wrote that Hudson 's performance `` calls to mind debuts like Barbra Streisand in Funny Girl or Bette Midler in The Rose , with a voice like the young Aretha . '' </P> <P> On June 26 , 2007 , the 7th Annual BET Awards opened with Jennifer Holliday and Jennifer Hudson performing `` And I Am Telling You I 'm Not Going '' live in their first duet together . </P> <P> Although it in essence is Hudson 's first single release , it became her fourth top 75 hit in the United Kingdom after a performance on The X Factor in 2009 after being sung by Danyl Johnson . Hudson performed the song again at the 85th Academy Awards , as part of the Dreamgirls section in the tribute to movie musicals . </P> <H3> Dance remix ( edit ) </H3> <P> A club remix was created for this single , engineered by Richie Jones and Eric Kupper , and appears as a bonus track on the `` Deluxe Edition '' of the Dreamgirls soundtrack album . This version of Hudson 's `` And I Am Telling You '' was a chart success , reaching the top of the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart in early 2007 . A shortened edit of the full remix appeared on a Columbia Records promotional - only CD accompanying the Jones & Kupper remix of another Dreamgirls song , the Beyoncé Knowles / Anika Noni Rose / Sharon Leal / Jennifer Hudson rendition of `` One Night Only '' . Also included were the Freemasons remixes of Beyoncé 's singles `` Déjà Vu '' and `` Ring the Alarm '' . </P> <H2> Notable later versions ( edit ) </H2> <P> Whitney Houston performed the song at the beginning of a medley with `` I Have Nothing '' at the 1994 American Music Awards . This performance is included on her 2014 CD / DVD release , Live : Her Greatest Performances . Houston also performed the tune as part of the set list during her Bodyguard Tour in 1993 . </P> <P> In 1994 , Donna Giles scored a minor club hit in the US and UK with her rendition of the song . The track remained a sleeper club hit in the UK throughout 1995 , prompting a spate of re-releases and remixes , including Stonebridge , culminating in a major release on Ore Records in 1996 . This last release would finally take the track to number 27 on the UK Singles Chart in February of that year . On November 20 , 2007 , the original master , Produced by critically acclaimed Eve Nelson , was released digitally by Breaking Records and is available on all major download sites . </P> <P> Jake Gyllenhaal performed it on Saturday Night Live shortly after the film 's release in a mock performance of Jennifer Hudson . He wore a wig , black heels , and a black sequin dress . Three of the regulars on SNL were his `` backup singers '' , also dressed in a black dress , heels , and wigs . </P> <P> In 2006 the 12 years old Bianca Ryan sang this song on her first audition at America Got Talent show . The judge are amazed and Bianca won the America Got Talent contest that year . </P> <P> In 2009 , it was performed by Amber Riley as her character Mercedes Jones in the first - season Glee episode `` Sectionals '' . </P> <P> American Idol runner - up Jessica Sanchez performed the song as one of her two songs in the Top 4 . Her performance during the Top 4 was praised by Jennifer Holliday . She later performed the song with Holliday during the finale of the show 's eleventh season in 2012 . </P> <P> Dami Im , the 2013 winner of the Australian version of The X Factor , performed this song as one of her final three songs . Her performance received a rapturous response from all four judges and the audience . All four judges stood up on the judges table as an indication of their overwhelming adulation of her exquisite performance while the audience applauded strongly for 70 seconds . Her performance debuted number 29 on the Australian ARIA Charts . On 1 December 2013 , Im released a version of the song as part of | The original singer of "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going" (also known as "You're Gonna Love Me") is | [
"Jennifer Holliday"
] | 103 | Who is the original singer of you re going to love me? |
-2812597164906272385 | Possibilism ( geography ) - wikipedia <H1> Possibilism ( geography ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> Possibilism in cultural geography is the theory that the environment sets certain constraints or limitations , but culture is otherwise determined by social conditions . In Cultural ecology Marshall Sahlins used this concept in order to develop alternative approaches to the environmental determinism dominant at that time in ecological studies . Theory by Strabo in 64 BC that humans can make things happen by their own intelligence over time . Strabo cautioned against the assumption that nature and actions of humans were determined by the physical environment they inhabited . He observed that humans were the active elements in a human - environmental partnership . </P> <P> The controversy between geographical possibilism and determinism might be considered as one of ( at least ) three dominant epistemologic controversies of contemporary geography . The other two controversies are 1 ) the `` debate between neopositivists and neokantians about the `` exceptionalism '' or the specificity of geography as a science ( and 2 ) ) the contention between Mackinder and Kropotkin about what is -- or should be -- geography `` . </P> <P> Possibilism in geography is , thus , considered as a distinct approach to geographical knowledge , directly opposed to geographical determinism . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Guns , Germs , and Steel </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Dhillon , Jasbir Singh , S.S. ( 2004 ) . Agricultural geography ( 3rd ed . ) . New Delhi : Tata McGraw - Hill . p. 457 . ISBN 9780070532281 . Retrieved 5 May 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Stadler , Reuel R. Hanks ; contributing author , Stephen J. ( 2011 ) . Encyclopedia of geography terms , themes , and concepts . Santa Barbara , Calif. : ABC - CLIO . pp. 262 -- 263 . ISBN 9781598842951 . Retrieved 5 May 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ José William Vesentini , Controvérsias geográficas : epistemologia e política , Confins ( magazine ) - Revue Franco - Brésilienne de Géographie </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> University of Washington lecture </Li> <Li> Valparaiso University on La Blache </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Possibilism_(geography)&oldid=829799491 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Cultural geography </Li> <Li> History of geography </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> ქართული </Li> <Li> 日本 語 </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> 中文 </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 10 March 2018 , at 21 : 57 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> | The foundation of the school of possibilism was laid by | [
"Marshall Sahlins"
] | 47 | Who laid the foundation of school of possibilism? |
-366699919824131906 | List of Australian capital cities - wikipedia <H1> List of Australian capital cities </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> There are eight capital cities in Australia , each of which function as the seat of government for the state or territory in which they are located . Melbourne was the initial capital following the 1901 Federation of Australia . In 1913 , the seat of national government was moved to the newly created city of Canberra , which continues to serve as the national capital . </P> <P> Each capital city hosts the judicial , administrative and legislative functions for their jurisdiction . In the case of the states and internal territories , their capital cities also happen to be the most populous city in their respective jurisdiction . </P> <P> The Australian external territory of Norfolk Island has its official capital at Kingston , although this acts merely as the administrative centre of government ; its de facto capital is Burnt Pine . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> WESTERN AUSTRALIA NORTHERN TERRITORY SOUTH AUSTRALIA QUEENSLAND NEW SOUTH WALES VICTORIA TASMANIA Perth Adelaide Melbourne Canberra ( ACT ) Sydney Brisbane Hobart Darwin </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> State and Territory Capitals of Australia <Tr> <Th> Jurisdiction </Th> <Th> Capital </Th> <Th> City Population </Th> <Th> State / Territory Population </Th> <Th> Date of statehood </Th> <Th> Capital since </Th> <Th> Image </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia and Australian Capital Territory </Td> <Td> Canberra </Td> <Td> 435,019 </Td> <Td> 403,468 </Td> <Td> Must remain a territory as per s. 125 of the Australian Constitution </Td> <Td> 1913 </Td> <Td> View of Civic from Mount Ainslie , with Telstra Tower in the background </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New South Wales </Td> <Td> Sydney </Td> <Td> 5,029,768 </Td> <Td> 7,759,274 </Td> <Td> 1788 </Td> <Td> 1788 </Td> <Td> Skyline of the Sydney central business district </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Victoria </Td> <Td> Melbourne </Td> <Td> 4,725,316 </Td> <Td> 6,179,249 </Td> <Td> 1851 </Td> <Td> 1851 </Td> <Td> The Melbourne skyline on the Yarra River </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Queensland </Td> <Td> Brisbane </Td> <Td> 2,360,241 </Td> <Td> 4,848,877 </Td> <Td> 1859 </Td> <Td> 1860 </Td> <Td> Brisbane 's CBD , with the Story Bridge in the foreground </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Western Australia </Td> <Td> Perth </Td> <Td> 2,022,044 </Td> <Td> 2,558,951 </Td> <Td> 1829 </Td> <Td> 1829 </Td> <Td> View of Perth CBD skyline </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> South Australia </Td> <Td> Adelaide </Td> <Td> 1,324,279 </Td> <Td> 1,713,054 </Td> <Td> 1836 </Td> <Td> 1836 </Td> <Td> View of Adelaide Skyline . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tasmania </Td> <Td> Hobart </Td> <Td> 224,462 </Td> <Td> 517,588 </Td> <Td> 1825 </Td> <Td> 1826 </Td> <Td> View of the Hobart downtown district and Mount Wellington from Constitution Dock </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Northern Territory </Td> <Td> Darwin </Td> <Td> 145,916 </Td> <Td> 245,740 </Td> <Td> Has not attained Statehood </Td> <Td> 1911 </Td> <Td> View of Darwin CBD </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Although the ACT has its own government , it remains a territory ultimately under Commonwealth rule . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ in 1911 , South Australia transferred responsibility for governing the Northern Territory to the Commonwealth Government of Australia . It was granted self - governance in 1978 , however the Northern Territory is still considered a territory under Commonwealth rule , not a state . </Li> </Ol> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Norfolk Island - Kingston http://www.pitcairners.org/vt_kingston.html Norfolk Island 's Home on the Web </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/3218.0Main+Features12016?OpenDocument </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/3218.02016?OpenDocument </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Capital cities of Australia </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <P> National and ACT Canberra </P> </Td> <Td> <P> NSW Sydney </P> </Td> <Td> <P> NT Darwin </P> </Td> <Td> <P> QLD Brisbane </P> </Td> <Td> <P> SA Adelaide </P> </Td> <Td> <P> TAS Hobart </P> </Td> <Td> <P> VIC Melbourne </P> </Td> <Td> <P> WA Perth </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> List of cities in Australia </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Australia articles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> History </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Timeline </Li> <Li> Bibliography </Li> <Li> Prehistory </Li> <Li> Archaeology </Li> <Li> European Exploration </Li> <Li> Territorial evolution </Li> <Li> 1788 -- 1850 </Li> <Li> 1851 -- 1900 </Li> <Li> 1901 -- 1945 </Li> <Li> Since 1945 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> By topic </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Constitutional </Li> <Li> Diplomatic </Li> <Li> Economic </Li> <Li> Federation </Li> <Li> Immigration </Li> <Li> Indigenous </Li> <Li> Military </Li> <Li> Monarchy </Li> <Li> Railway </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Geography </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Climate </Li> <Li> Continent </Li> <Li> Deserts </Li> <Li> Environment <Ul> <Li> issues </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Earthquakes </Li> <Li> Flora </Li> <Li> Fauna </Li> <Li> Forests </Li> <Li> Geology </Li> <Li> Islands </Li> <Li> Mountains </Li> <Li> Regions </Li> <Li> Protected areas </Li> <Li> Rivers </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Subdivisions </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> States and Territories </Li> <Li> Capitals </Li> <Li> Cities </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Politics </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Constitution </Li> <Li> Courts </Li> <Li> Elections <Ul> <Li> Donations </Li> <Li> Electoral system </Li> <Li> Parties </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Federal budget </Li> <Li> Foreign relations </Li> <Li> Government </Li> <Li> Governor - 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By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> | Perth is the capital of | [
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-6639724600997668931 | Philippine passport - wikipedia <H1> Philippine passport </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( January 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Philippine passport </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The front cover of a contemporary Philippine biometric passport using Trajan font . Hatching has also been added to the national coat - of - arms to indicate correct heraldic tinctures . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The data page of biometric passports issued after August 15 , 2016 . Note the signature field on page 3 , in contrast to previous biometric passports . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date first issued </Th> <Td> 1946 ( first edition ) September 17 , 2007 ( machine - readable passport ) August 11 , 2009 ( first edition biometric passport ) August 15 , 2016 ( new edition biometric passport ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Issued by </Th> <Td> Philippine Department of Foreign Affairs </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type of document </Th> <Td> Passport </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Purpose </Th> <Td> Identification </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Eligibility requirements </Th> <Td> Filipino citizenship </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Expiration </Th> <Td> Pre-January 01 , 2018 5 years from January 01 , 2018 5 years ( below 18 years of age ) 10 years ( over 18 years of age ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cost </Th> <Td> ₱ 950 ( 15 working days processing time ) or ₱ 1200 ( 7 working days processing time ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> A Philippine passport is both a travel document and a primary national identity document issued to citizens of the Philippines since there is no national identity card system in the Philippines . It is issued by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Philippine diplomatic missions abroad , with certain exceptions . </P> <P> The Department of Foreign Affairs began issuing maroon machine - readable passports on September 17 , 2007 , and biometric passports on August 11 , 2009 . The green colored cover non-electronic passports are still valid until they expire . Philippine passports are printed at the APO Production Unit plant in Malvar , Batangas . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Machine - readable passports </Li> <Li> 1.2 Biometric passport </Li> <Li> 1.3 Restrictions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Types <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Regular ( maroon ) </Li> <Li> 2.2 Official ( red ) </Li> <Li> 2.3 Diplomatic ( blue ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Physical appearance <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Front cover </Li> <Li> 3.2 Languages </Li> <Li> 3.3 Data page </Li> <Li> 3.4 Passport note </Li> <Li> 3.5 Signature field </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Visa requirements </Li> <Li> 5 Fees </Li> <Li> 6 Gallery of historic images </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The nature of passports in Pre-Hispanic and Spanish - Era Philippines is generally unknown , and the earliest forms have been issued since the Philippines gained independence from the United States in 1946 . Passports were ordered to be printed in Filipino for the first time under Diosdado Macapagal , to be subsequently implemented under Ferdinand Marcos . Currently , it is printed in Filipino with English translations . </P> <P> With the adoption of the 1987 constitution , the power of issuing passports was transferred from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the current Department of Foreign Affairs . The Philippine Passport Act of 1996 governs the issuance of Philippine passports and travel documents . Philippine passports are only issued to Filipino citizens , while travel documents ( under Section 13 ) may be issued to citizens who have lost their passports overseas as well as permanent residents who can not obtain passports or travel documents from other countries . </P> <P> On May 1 , 1995 , green covers were instituted on regular passports for the first time , and barcodes were inserted in passports in 2004 . The new security - enhanced passport is a prerequisite to the issuance of new machine - readable passports which was first issued to the public on September 17 , 2007 . The Philippines used to be one of the few countries in the world that had not yet issue machine - readable regular passports although machine - readable passports for public officials have been issued since June 18 , 2007 . </P> <P> On October 25 , 2017 , the DFA announced the implementation of Republic Act No. 10928 , an act of extending the passport 's validity from 5 to 10 years , will start on January 1 , 2018 . </P> <H3> Machine - readable passports ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 2006 , the DFA in cooperation with the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas started a five - year passport modernization project designed to issue new Philippine machine - readable passports ( MRP ) . However , an injunction was issued against the project by a lower court , only to be overturned by the Supreme Court and ordering the DFA and the BSP to continue the project . </P> <P> The machine - readable passport is designed to prevent tampering through the use of a special features embedded in the passport cover , similar to other machine - readable passports . It also has more pages than the previous passport ( 44 pages instead of the previous 32 ) and processing times were expected to be accelerated . </P> <P> Personal appearance when applying for the new MRP passport is now required and can not be bypassed . Also , fingerprints are registered into the passport and microprinting is found all over the data page of the passport . </P> <P> Officials from the DFA have clarified that the older , green , non-MRP passports will expire as scheduled on their original expiration dates . However , the International Civil Aviation Organisation ( ICAO ) requires all member states to issue machine - readable passports by April 2010 , hence some countries may deny entry to Filipinos still in possession of the green , hand - written passports . </P> <H3> Biometric passport ( edit ) </H3> <P> In late July 2008 , the DFA has announced plans and the possible implementation of a new Biometric Passport System for new passports . It is expected that the government will start issuing biometric passports by the end of 2009 . On August 11 , 2009 , the first biometric passport was released for President Gloria Macapagal - Arroyo . The e-passport had various security features , including a hidden encoded image ; an ultra-thin , holographic laminate ; and a tamper - proof electronic microchip costing at around 950 pesos for the normal processing of 20 days or 1,200 pesos for the rush processing of 10 days . </P> <P> As of July 2015 , the Philippine Passport is printed in Asian Productivity Organization or APO Productions under the Presidential Communications Group . On August 15 , 2016 , the new generation e-passport was released by the Department of Foreign Affairs with advanced security features such as the upgraded microchip to capture the personal data of the applicant , invisible ultraviolet ( UV ) fluorescent ink and thread , and elaborate design when subject to UV light . Security inks were also used to print the passports to prevent forgery . These inks include intaglio , which are visible inks that have a distinct ridged feel and ultraviolet ink that appears when exposed to infrared lights . Other security features include watermarks , perforated passport numbering , embedded security fibers , among others . Aside from making the new e-passport tamper - proof , each leaf of the 44 - page document depicts Philippine artifacts , cultural icons , historic places , renowned tourist destinations , and even lyrics of the national anthem . </P> <H3> Restrictions ( edit ) </H3> <P> With the declaration of martial law on September 23 , 1972 , travel restrictions were imposed on Philippine citizens . A letter of instruction restricted the issuance of passports to members of the Philippine diplomatic service , although this was relaxed in 1981 with the lifting of martial law . </P> <P> In 1983 , there were orders from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs not to issue any passports to the family of opposition senator Benigno Aquino , Jr ... Despite the government ban , Aquino was able to acquire one with the help of Rashid Lucman , a former congressman from Mindanao . The passport identified him as Marciál Bonifacio , an alias derived from `` martial law '' and Fort Bonifacio , where he was detained . </P> <P> In the late 1980s and early 1990s , passports were stamped with limitations prohibiting travel to South Africa ( because of apartheid ) and Lebanon ( because of the civil war ) . Passports were previously stamped prohibiting travel to Iraq due to the ongoing violence and because of the Angelo de la Cruz kidnapping in 2004 . However , passports printed after July 1 , 2011 no longer bear this stamp . </P> <H2> Types ( edit ) </H2> First editions of the Philippine biometric passport . From left to right : regular , official , and diplomatic . <P> There are three types of Philippine passports issued by the Department of Foreign Affairs . These are currently designated by the colors maroon ( regular ) , red ( official ) , and dark blue ( diplomatic ) . </P> <H3> Regular ( maroon ) ( edit ) </H3> <P> A regular passport is issued to any citizen of the Philippines applying for a Philippine passport . It is the most common type of passport issued and is used for all travel by Philippine citizens and non-official travel by Philippine government officials . Since September 17 , 2007 , all new Philippine passports have been issued with maroon covers . </P> <H3> Official ( red ) ( edit ) </H3> <P> An official passport is issued to members of the Philippine government for use on official business , as well as employees of Philippine diplomatic posts abroad who are not members of the diplomatic service . It is the second of two passports issued to the President and the Presidential family . As such , this passport does not extend the privilege of diplomatic immunity . Government officials are prohibited from using official passports for non-official business , and as such also have regular passports . This passport has a red cover . This passport has a validity of 6 months . </P> Philippine Official ( Red ) passport inside page 2 - 3 <H3> Diplomatic ( blue ) ( edit ) </H3> <P> A diplomatic passport is issued to members of the Philippine diplomatic service , members of the Cabinet , service attachés of other government agencies assigned to Philippine diplomatic posts abroad and Philippine delegates to international and regional organizations . It is the first of two passports issued to the President of the Philippines and the Presidential family . This passport has a dark blue cover and extends the privilege of diplomatic immunity to the bearer . </P> <H2> Physical appearance ( edit ) </H2> <P> Philippine passports are maroon , with the coat of arms of the Philippines emblazoned in the center of the front cover . </P> <H3> Front cover ( edit ) </H3> <P> The word `` PILIPINAS '' is inscribed above the coat of arms , which now has hatchings to indicate the tinctures gules ( red , for the right field ) and azure ( blue , for the left field ) . The word `` PASAPORTE '' is inscribed below , with the biometric passport symbol appearing beneath it . </P> <P> Passports issued during the latter years of the Fourth Republic had the order reversed ( strikingly similar to | The cost of a passport in the Philippines is | [
"₱950"
] | 266 | How much for a passport in the philippines? |
5537254681877187953 | Full - time - wikipedia <H1> Full - time </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject . You may improve this article , discuss the issue on the talk page , or create a new article , as appropriate . ( April 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Full - time employment is employment in which a person works a minimum number of hours defined as such by his / her employer . Full - time employment often comes with benefits that are not typically offered to part - time , temporary , or flexible workers , such as annual leave , sickleave , and health insurance . Part - time jobs are mistakenly thought by some to not be careers . However , legislation exists to stop employers from discriminating against part - time workers so this should not be a factor when making decisions on career advancement . They generally pay more than part - time jobs per hour , and this is similarly discriminatory if the pay decision is based on part - time status as a primary factor . The Fair Labor Standards Act ( FLSA ) does not define full - time employment or part - time employment . This is a matter generally to be determined by the employer ( US Department of Labor ) . The definition by employer can vary and is generally published in a company 's Employee Handbook . Companies commonly require from 35 to 40 hours per week to be defined as full - time and therefore eligible for benefits . </P> <P> Full - Time status varies between company and is often based on the shift the employee must work during each work week . The `` standard '' work week consists of five eight - hour days , commonly served between 9 : 00 AM to 5 : 00 PM or 10 : 00 AM to 6 : 00 PM totaling 40 hours . While a four - day week generally consists of four ten - hour days ; it may also consist of as little as nine hours for a total of a 36 - hour work week . Twelve - hour shifts are often three days per week , unless the company has the intention of paying out the employee overtime . Overtime is legally paid out anytime an employee works more than 40 hours per week . The legal minimum for overtime starts at Base Pay + One - Half . The increased payout is considered to compensate slightly for the increased fatigue which a person experiences on such long shifts . Shifts can also be very irregular , as in retail , but are still full - time if the required number of hours is reached . There are some situations where a person who needs full - time work is dropped to part - time , which is sometimes a form of constructive dismissal to avoid paying unemployment benefits to a laid - off worker . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Definitions by country </Li> <Li> 2 Academic Usage </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Definitions by country ( edit ) </H2> <P> Full - time workweeks : </P> <Ul> <Li> Australia : around 35 -- 40 hours </Li> <Li> Belgium : 38 hours </Li> <Li> Brazil : 40 -- 44 hours </Li> <Li> Chile : 45 hours </Li> <Li> Denmark : 37 hours </Li> <Li> France : 35 hours ( government - mandated ) </Li> <Li> Germany : 35 -- 40 hours </Li> <Li> Iceland : 40 hours </Li> <Li> India : 48 hours ( as per the Factories Act 1948 , a person can not work for more than 48 hours in a week ) </Li> <Li> Taiwan : 40 hours </Li> <Li> Israel : 43 hours </Li> <Li> Italy : 40 hours </Li> <Li> Netherlands : 35 -- 40 hours </Li> <Li> Norway : 40 hours ( often regulated to 37.5 excl . lunch break ) </Li> <Li> Poland : 40 hours </Li> <Li> Russia : 40 hours </Li> <Li> Sweden : 40 hours ( not formally defined ) </Li> <Li> United Kingdom : 35 hours ( not formally defined ) , 37.5 hours , or 40 hours contracts are all commonplace . </Li> <Li> United States : 30 hours or more , according to the definitions in the Affordable Care Act . `` The Fair Labor Standards Act ( FLSA ) does not define full - time employment or part - time employment . This is a matter generally to be determined by the employer . '' </Li> </Ul> <P> A person working more than full - time is working overtime , and may be entitled to extra per - hour wages ( but not salary ) . </P> <H2> Academic usage ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` Full - time '' can also be used in reference to a student ( usually in higher education ) who takes a full load of course work each academic term . The distinction between a full - time and part - time student varies markedly from country to country . As an example , in the United States a student is commonly defined as being in full - time education when they undertake 12 or more credit hours . This translates to 12 `` hours '' ( often of 50 minutes instead of 60 minutes each ) in class per week . `` Lab hours '' often count for less , only as one - half or one - third of a credit hour . </P> <P> International students must maintain full - time status for student visas . Adult students ( typically up to age 22 or 23 ) may also fall under their parents ' health insurance ( and possibly car insurance and other services ) if they are full - time , except for one term per year ( usually summer ) . Students may also be eligible for elected office in student government or other student organizations only if they are full - time . The Department of Labor has a full - time student program which allows employers to pay no less than 85 % of the minimum wage to the student / employee . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Look up full - time in Wiktionary , the free dictionary . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Eight - hour day </Li> <Li> Employment </Li> <Li> Wage labour </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` ANU Policy Library - Home '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Ministère du Travail , de l'Emploi , de la Formation professionnelle et du Dialogue social '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national-news/2015/05/16/436156/Two-days.htm </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` More two - income couples with one full - time job and one large part - time job '' . CBS - Statistics Netherlands . CBS - Statistics Netherlands . Retrieved 21 July 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.nyinorge.no/en/Ny-i-Norge-velg-sprak/New-in-Norway/Work/Employment/Working-hours/ </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Lag 24 SE -- Heltid , deltid samt timanställning '' . Archived from the original on 18 April 2015 . Retrieved 18 April 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Part - time workers ' rights '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/n-12-58.pdf </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` ObamaCare Employer Mandate '' . Obamacare Facts . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Full - Time Employee '' . HealthCare.gov . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Questions and Answers on Employer Shared Responsibility Provisions Under the Affordable Care Act '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Fulltime Employment - United States Department of Labor '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Student Visas '' . United States Department of State . Bureau of Consular Affairs . Archived from the original on 1 April 2011 . Retrieved 7 April 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Full - Time Student Program '' . United States Department of Labor . Washington , D.C. Missing or empty url = ( help ) ; access - date = requires url = ( help ) </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Employment </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Classifications </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Casual </Li> <Li> Contingent </Li> <Li> Full - time </Li> <Li> Part - time </Li> <Li> Self - employed </Li> <Li> Skilled </Li> <Li> Independent contractor </Li> <Li> Temporary </Li> <Li> Tenure </Li> <Li> Unskilled </Li> <Li> Wage labour </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hiring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Application </Li> <Li> Background check </Li> <Li> Business networking </Li> <Li> Contract </Li> <Li> Cover letter </Li> <Li> Curriculum Vitae ( CV ) </Li> <Li> Drug testing </Li> <Li> e-recruitment </Li> <Li> Employment counsellor </Li> <Li> Executive search </Li> <Li> Induction programme </Li> <Li> Job fair </Li> <Li> Job fraud </Li> <Li> Job hunting </Li> <Li> Job interview </Li> <Li> Labour brokering </Li> <Li> Overqualification </Li> <Li> Onboarding </Li> <Li> Personality - job fit theory </Li> <Li> Person - environment fit </Li> <Li> Probation </Li> <Li> Reference </Li> <Li> Résumé </Li> <Li> Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates </Li> <Li> Underemployment </Li> <Li> Work - at - home scheme </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Roles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Co-op </Li> <Li> Employee </Li> <Li> Employer </Li> <Li> Internship </Li> <Li> Job </Li> <Li> Permanent </Li> <Li> Permatemp </Li> <Li> Supervisor </Li> <Li> Volunteer </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Worker class </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Blue - collar </Li> <Li> Gold - collar </Li> <Li> Green - collar </Li> <Li> Grey - collar </Li> <Li> Pink - collar </Li> <Li> White - collar </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Career and training </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Apprenticeship </Li> <Li> Avocation </Li> <Li> Career assessment </Li> <Li> Career counseling </Li> <Li> Career development </Li> <Li> Coaching </Li> <Li> Creative class </Li> <Li> Education <Ul> <Li> Continuing education </Li> <Li> Continuing professional development </Li> <Li> E-learning </Li> <Li> Employability </Li> <Li> Further education </Li> <Li> Graduate school </Li> <Li> Induction training </Li> <Li> Initial Professional Development </Li> <Li> Knowledge worker </Li> <Li> Licensure </Li> <Li> Lifelong learning </Li> <Li> Practice - based professional learning </Li> <Li> Professional association </Li> <Li> Professional certification </Li> <Li> Professional development </Li> <Li> Professional school </Li> <Li> Reflective practice </Li> <Li> Retraining </Li> <Li> Vocational education </Li> <Li> Vocational school </Li> <Li> Vocational university </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Mentorship </Li> <Li> Occupational Outlook Handbook </Li> <Li> Practice firm </Li> <Li> Profession </Li> <Li> Tradesman </Li> <Li> Vocation </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Attendance </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Break </Li> <Li> Career break </Li> <Li> Furlough </Li> <Li> Gap year </Li> <Li> Leave of absence </Li> <Li> Long service leave </Li> <Li> No call , no show </Li> <Li> Sabbatical </Li> <Li> Sick leave </Li> <Li> Time clock </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Schedules </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Four - day week </Li> <Li> Eight - hour day </Li> <Li> Flextime </Li> <Li> Overtime </Li> <Li> Retroactive overtime </Li> <Li> Shift work </Li> <Li> Telecommuting </Li> <Li> Working time </Li> <Li> Workweek and weekend </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Wages and salaries </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Income bracket </Li> <Li> Income tax </Li> <Li> Living wage </Li> <Li> Maximum wage </Li> <Li> National average salary <Ul> <Li> World </Li> <Li> Europe </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Minimum wage <Ul> <Li> Canada </Li> <Li> Hong Kong </Li> <Li> Europe </Li> <Li> United States </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Progressive wage <Ul> <Li> Singapore </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Overtime rate </Li> <Li> Paid time off </Li> <Li> Performance - related pay </Li> <Li> Salary </Li> <Li> Salary cap </Li> <Li> Working poor </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Benefits </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Annual leave </Li> <Li> Casual Friday </Li> <Li> Day care </Li> <Li> Disability | The number of hours of work required to be considered full-time typically ranges | [
"from 35 to 40 hours per week"
] | 274 | Hours of work to be considered full time? |
6309445075358131629 | The Birds and the Bees ( Jewel Akens song ) - wikipedia <H1> The Birds and the Bees ( Jewel Akens song ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( July 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` The Birds and the Bees '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Song by Jewel Akens </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 1964 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Pop , easy listening </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 2 : 08 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Barry Stuart </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` The Birds and the Bees '' was a 1964 single release by Jewel Akens with a lyric based on the `` birds and the bees '' idiom commonly referenced with regard to affording young people their introductory sex education . An international hit in 1965 , `` The Birds and the Bees '' was reminiscent of such 1950s ' honky tonk - style hits as `` Blueberry Hill '' by Fats Domino and `` Kansas City '' by Wilbert Harrison . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` The Birds and the Bees '' is said to have been written by the twelve - year - old son of Era Records ' owner Herb Newman : the songwriting credit on the Jewel Akens ' recording of `` The Birds and the Bees '' reads Barry Stuart which is the song 's standard songwriting credit although some subsequent recordings ( i.e. by artists other than Akens ) identify the composer as Herb Newman himself ( Newman had written `` The Wayward Wind '' a 1956 # 1 hit for Gogi Grant ) . Jewel Akens had recorded one single for Era as frontman for the doo - wop group the Turn - Arounds in 1964 when Newman pitched `` The Birds and the Bees '' as the group 's next recording : as Akens was the only group member to favor the song he recorded it solo , working through four or five different arrangements and thus considerably honing the song 's original format . </P> <P> Recorded at Gold Star Studios - with sound engineer Stan Ross employing the innovative technique of `` chorusing '' by patching the session guitarist into an organ speaker - `` The Birds and the Bees '' afforded Akens a Top Ten hit in the first quarter of 1965 reaching # 2 on the US Cash Box singles chart and # 3 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart : the single also reached # 21 on the US Billboard Black Singles chart . The disc also had strong chart impact internationally reaching # 3 in Australia , # 6 in Belgium ( Flemish Region ) , # 3 in the Netherlands and # 4 in Norway . musicians on the recording included Billy Strange and Ervan Coleman on guitar , Bob West and Arthur Wright on bass , Hal Blaine on drums and Leon Russell on piano . </P> <P> In the UK `` The Birds and the Bees '' afforded Akens a more moderate hit reaching # 29 . with Akens besting a cover version by Johnny Kidd & the Pirates which failed to chart . Alma Cogan is often credited with a UK cover of `` The Birds and the Bees '' : in fact her UK single of that name - # 25 in 1956 - was a recording of `` ( The Same Thing Happens with ) The Birds and the Bees '' . However , Cogan did cover Akens 's hit for release in Scandinavia and was afforded a # 1 hit in Sweden for three weeks in the summer of 1965 , and also a Top Ten hit in both Denmark and Norway , with respective peaks of # 8 and # 4 ( Cogan 's version of `` The Birds and the Bees '' matching the Norwegian chart peak of Akens ' original ) . </P> <P> A 1966 single release by Rufus and Carla Thomas was more simply titled as `` Birds and Bees '' . Bobby G. Rice recorded `` The Birds and the Bees '' in 1971 to serve as B - side for his # 33 C&W chart hit `` Suspicion '' , with `` The Birds and The Bees '' being featured on Rice 's 1972 debut album Hit After Hit . `` The Birds and the Bees '' has also been recorded by the Chicks , the Defenders ( da ) , Jan Keizer , Brenda Lee , Gary Lewis & the Playboys , Dean Martin , Billy Preston , Sha Na Na and Spooky and Sue ( nl ) . </P> <P> An Italian language rendering of `` The Birds and the Bees '' : `` Sulla sabbia c'era lei '' , was recorded by Sonia e le Sorelle ( it ) , and was an entrant in the 1965 Cantagiro festival ; Nicola Salerno wrote the lyrics which typically of the song 's non-English renderings are independent of the English original , the title translating as `` On the sand there was you '' . Also in 1965 , Drafi Deutscher ( de ) & His Magics recorded a German rendering of `` The Birds and the Bees '' entitled `` Heute Male Ich Dein Bild ( today I paint your image ) , Cindy Lou '' which reached No. 3 in Germany and No. 5 in Austria while the French rendering `` Bientôt les vacances '' ( Soon the holidays ) by Monty ( fr ) reached # 11 in France ; Québécois artist Donald Lautrec also recorded a French rendering of `` The Birds and the Bees '' in 1965 , that being `` Tu Dis Des Bêtises '' ( You say the nonsense ) , which spawned a parody recording by Jacques Desrosiers entitled `` Il Y'a Des Bibites '' ( There are some bugs ) . Ambrus Kyri ( hu ) recorded a Hungarian rendering of `` The Birds and the Bees '' entitled `` Madarak és Méhek '' ( Birds and bees ) in 1967 . Rendered in Danish as `` Blomster og bier '' ( flowers and bees ) by Birthe Kjær in 1974 , `` The Birds and the Bees '' was rendered in Swedish as `` Blommor och bin '' ( Flowers and bees ) by lyricist Keith Almgren and recorded by Sten & Stanley ( sv ) on their album Musik , dans & party 8 ( 1993 ) . It was also performed in Finnish by Laila Kinnunen as `` Kuinka kuu katoaa '' . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Jewel Akens '' . Rockabilly.nl. 1940 - 09 - 12 . Retrieved 2013 - 02 - 22 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Stan Ross dies at 82 ; producer - engineer co-founded Gold Star studio '' . Articles.latimes.com. 2011 - 03 - 17 . Retrieved 2015 - 07 - 17 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Roberts , David ( 2006 ) . British Hit Singles & Albums ( 19th ed . ) . London : Guinness World Records Limited . p. 17 . ISBN 1 - 904994 - 10 - 5 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` Bring It On Home to Me '' by the Animals </Td> <Td> Swedish hit parade # 1 record ( Alma Cogan version ) 13 -- 27 July 1965 </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` Bald Headed Woman '' by the Hep Stars </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Birds_and_the_Bees_(Jewel_Akens_song)&oldid=777080376 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1965 songs </Li> <Li> Number - one singles in Sweden </Li> <Li> Sten & Stanley songs </Li> <Li> 1964 songs </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles needing additional references from July 2015 </Li> <Li> All articles needing additional references </Li> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 25 April 2017 , at 03 : 18 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> | The song "Let Me Tell You About the Birds and the Bees" was sung by | [
"Jewel Akens"
] | 165 | Who sang let me tell you about the birds and the bees? |
6230352510064329328 | Radio Network and the Atlantic Packet Satellite network . </P> <P> Stemming from the first specifications of TCP in 1974 , TCP / IP emerged in mid-late 1978 in nearly its final form , as used for the first decades of the Internet , known as `` IPv4 '' . which is described in IETF publication RFC 791 ( September 1981 ) . </P> Decomposition of the quad - dotted IPv4 address representation to its binary value <P> IPv4 uses 32 - bit addresses which limits the address space to 2 addresses , i.e. 4294967296 addresses . The last availble IPv4 address was assigned in January 2011 . IPv4 is being replaced by its successor , called `` IPv6 '' , which uses 128 bit addresses , providing 2 addresses , i.e. 340 282 366 920 938 463 463 374 607 431 768 211 456 . This is a vastly increased address space . The shift to IPv6 is expected to take many years , decades , or perhaps longer , to complete , since there were four billion machines with IPv4 when the shift began . </P> <P> The associated standards for IPv4 were published by 1981 as RFCs 791 , 792 and 793 , and adopted for use . DARPA sponsored or encouraged the development of TCP / IP implementations for many operating systems and then scheduled a migration of all hosts on all of its packet networks to TCP / IP . On January 1 , 1983 , known as flag day , TCP / IP protocols became the only approved protocol on the ARPANET , replacing the earlier NCP protocol . </P> From ARPANET to NSFNET Main articles : ARPANET and NSFNET BBN Technologies TCP / IP Internet map of early 1986 . <P> After the ARPANET had been up and running for several years , ARPA looked for another agency to hand off the network to ; ARPA 's primary mission was funding cutting edge research and development , not running a communications utility . Eventually , in July 1975 , the network had been turned over to the Defense Communications Agency , also part of the Department of Defense . In 1983 , the U.S. military portion of the ARPANET was broken off as a separate network , the MILNET . MILNET subsequently became the unclassified but military - only NIPRNET , in parallel with the SECRET - level SIPRNET and JWICS for TOP SECRET and above . NIPRNET does have controlled security gateways to the public Internet . </P> <P> The networks based on the ARPANET were government funded and therefore restricted to noncommercial uses such as research ; unrelated commercial use was strictly forbidden . This initially restricted connections to military sites and universities . During the 1980s , the connections expanded to more educational institutions , and even to a growing number of companies such as Digital Equipment Corporation and Hewlett - Packard , which were participating in research projects or providing services to those who were . </P> <P> Several other branches of the U.S. government , the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) , the National Science Foundation ( NSF ) , and the Department of Energy ( DOE ) became heavily involved in Internet research and started development of a successor to ARPANET . In the mid-1980s , all three of these branches developed the first Wide Area Networks based on TCP / IP . NASA developed the NASA Science Network , NSF developed CSNET and DOE evolved the Energy Sciences Network or ESNet . </P> T3 NSFNET Backbone , c. 1992 <P> NASA developed the TCP / IP based NASA Science Network ( NSN ) in the mid-1980s , connecting space scientists to data and information stored anywhere in the world . In 1989 , the DECnet - based Space Physics Analysis Network ( SPAN ) and the TCP / IP - based NASA Science Network ( NSN ) were brought together at NASA Ames Research Center creating the first multiprotocol wide area network called the NASA Science Internet , or NSI . NSI was established to provide a totally integrated communications infrastructure to the NASA scientific community for the advancement of earth , space and life sciences . As a high - speed , multiprotocol , international network , NSI provided connectivity to over 20,000 scientists across all seven continents . </P> <P> In 1981 NSF supported the development of the Computer Science Network ( CSNET ) . CSNET connected with ARPANET using TCP / IP , and ran TCP / IP over X. 25 , but it also supported departments without sophisticated network connections , using automated dial - up mail exchange . </P> <P> In 1986 , the NSF created NSFNET , a 56 kbit / s backbone to support the NSF - sponsored supercomputing centers . The NSFNET also provided support for the creation of regional research and education networks in the United States , and for the connection of university and college campus networks to the regional networks . The use of NSFNET and the regional networks was not limited to supercomputer users and the 56 kbit / s network quickly became overloaded . NSFNET was upgraded to 1.5 Mbit / s in 1988 under a cooperative agreement with the Merit Network in partnership with IBM , MCI , and the State of Michigan . The existence of NSFNET and the creation of Federal Internet Exchanges ( FIXes ) allowed the ARPANET to be decommissioned in 1990 . NSFNET was expanded and upgraded to 45 Mbit / s in 1991 , and was decommissioned in 1995 when it was replaced by backbones operated by several commercial Internet Service Providers . </P> Transition towards the Internet <P> The term `` internet '' was adopted in the first RFC published on the TCP protocol ( RFC 675 : Internet Transmission Control Program , December 1974 ) as an abbreviation of the term internetworking and the two terms were used interchangeably . In general , an internet was any network using TCP / IP . It was around the time when ARPANET was interlinked with NSFNET in the late 1980s , that the term was used as the name of the network , Internet , being the large and global TCP / IP network . </P> <P> As interest in networking grew and new applications for it were developed , the Internet 's technologies spread throughout the rest of the world . The network - agnostic approach in TCP / IP meant that it was easy to use any existing network infrastructure , such as the IPSS X. 25 network , to carry Internet traffic . In 1982 , one year earlier than ARPANET , University College London replaced its transatlantic satellite links with TCP / IP over IPSS . </P> <P> Many sites unable to link directly to the Internet created simple gateways for the transfer of electronic mail , the most important application of the time . Sites with only intermittent connections used UUCP or FidoNet and relied on the gateways between these networks and the Internet . Some gateway services went beyond simple mail peering , such as allowing access to File Transfer Protocol ( FTP ) sites via UUCP or mail . </P> <P> Finally , routing technologies were developed for the Internet to remove the remaining centralized routing aspects . The Exterior Gateway Protocol ( EGP ) was replaced by a new protocol , the Border Gateway Protocol ( BGP ) . This provided a meshed topology for the Internet and reduced the centric architecture which ARPANET had emphasized . In 1994 , Classless Inter-Domain Routing ( CIDR ) was introduced to support better conservation of address space which allowed use of route aggregation to decrease the size of routing tables . </P> <H3> TCP / IP goes global ( 1980s ) </H3> CERN , the European Internet , the link to the Pacific and beyond <P> Between 1984 and 1988 CERN began installation and operation of TCP / IP to interconnect its major internal computer systems , workstations , PCs and an accelerator control system . CERN continued to operate a limited self - developed system ( CERNET ) internally and several incompatible ( typically proprietary ) network protocols externally . There was considerable resistance in Europe towards more widespread use of TCP / IP , and the CERN TCP / IP intranets remained isolated from the Internet until 1989 . </P> <P> In 1988 , Daniel Karrenberg , from Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica ( CWI ) in Amsterdam , visited Ben Segal , CERN 's TCP / IP Coordinator , looking for advice about the transition of the European side of the UUCP Usenet network ( much of which ran over X. 25 links ) over to TCP / IP . In 1987 , Ben Segal had met with Len Bosack from the then still small company Cisco about purchasing some TCP / IP routers for CERN , and was able to give Karrenberg advice and forward him on to Cisco for the appropriate hardware . This expanded the European portion of the Internet across the existing UUCP networks , and in 1989 CERN opened its first external TCP / IP connections . This coincided with the creation of Réseaux IP Européens ( RIPE ) , initially a group of IP network administrators who met regularly to carry out coordination work together . Later , in 1992 , RIPE was formally registered as a cooperative in Amsterdam . </P> <P> At the same time as the rise of internetworking in Europe , ad hoc networking to ARPA and in - between Australian universities formed , based on various technologies such as X. 25 and UUCP Net . These were limited in their connection to the global networks , due to the cost of making individual international UUCP dial - up or X. 25 connections . In 1989 , Australian universities joined the push towards using IP protocols to unify their networking infrastructures . AARNet was formed in 1989 by the Australian Vice-Chancellors ' Committee and provided a dedicated IP based network for Australia . </P> <P> The Internet began to penetrate Asia in the 1980s . In May 1982 South Korea became the second country to successfully set up TCP / IP IPv4 network . Japan , which had built the UUCP - based network JUNET in 1984 , connected to NSFNET in 1989 . It hosted the annual meeting of the Internet Society , INET'92 , in Kobe . Singapore developed TECHNET in 1990 , and Thailand gained a global Internet connection between Chulalongkorn University and UUNET in 1992 . </P> The early global `` digital divide '' emerges Internet users in 2015 as a percentage of a country 's population Source : International Telecommunications Union . Main articles : Global digital divide and Digital divide Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions in 2012 as a percentage of a country 's population Source : International Telecommunications Union . Mobile broadband Internet subscriptions in 2012 as a percentage of a country 's population Source : International Telecommunications Union . <P> While developed countries with technological infrastructures were joining the Internet , developing countries began to experience a digital divide separating them from the Internet . On an essentially continental basis , they are building organizations for Internet resource administration and sharing operational experience , as more and more transmission facilities go into place . </P> Africa <P> At the beginning of the 1990s , African countries relied upon X. 25 IPSS and 2400 baud modem UUCP links for international and internetwork computer communications . </P> <P> In August 1995 , InfoMail Uganda , Ltd. , a privately held firm in Kampala now known as InfoCom , and NSN Network Services of Avon , Colorado , sold in 1997 and now known as Clear Channel Satellite , established Africa 's first native TCP / IP high - speed satellite Internet services . The data connection was originally carried by a C - Band RSCC Russian satellite which connected InfoMail 's Kampala offices directly to NSN 's MAE - West point of presence using a private network from | The first time the internet was used was | [
"around the time when ARPANET was interlinked with NSFNET in the late 1980s"
] | 7,098 | When was the first time the internet was used? |
7747650527256300808 | Chernobyl disaster - wikipedia <H1> Chernobyl disaster </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the 1986 nuclear plant accident in Ukraine . For other uses , see Chernobyl ( disambiguation ) . <Table> Chernobyl disaster <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The nuclear reactor after the disaster . Reactor 4 ( centre ) . Turbine building ( lower left ) . Reactor 3 ( centre right ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> 26 April 1986 ( 1986 - 04 - 26 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Time </Th> <Td> 01 : 23 ( Moscow Time , UTC + 3 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Pripyat , Ukrainian SSR , Soviet Union </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cause </Th> <Td> Inadvertent explosion of core during emergency shutdown of reactor whilst undergoing power failure test </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Deaths </Th> <Td> 31 ( direct ) 15 ( estimated indirect deaths up to 2011 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Part of a series on the </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> History of Ukraine </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Prehistory ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Trypillian -- Cucuteni culture </Li> <Li> Yamna culture </Li> <Li> Catacomb culture </Li> <Li> Cimmeria </Li> <Li> Taurica </Li> <Li> Scythia </Li> <Li> Bosporan Kingdom </Li> <Li> Sarmatia </Li> <Li> Zarubintsy culture </Li> <Li> Chernyakhov culture </Li> <Li> Hunnic Empire </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Early history ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Early East Slavs </Li> <Li> Onoghuria </Li> <Li> White Croatia </Li> <Li> Rus ' Khaganate </Li> <Li> Khazars </Li> <Li> Kievan Rus ' </Li> <Li> Galicia -- Volhynia </Li> <Li> Cumania </Li> <Li> Mongol invasion of Rus ' </Li> <Li> Golden Horde </Li> <Li> Principality of Moldavia </Li> <Li> Grand Duchy of Lithuania </Li> <Li> Crimean Khanate </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Early modern history ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Cossacks </Li> <Li> Polish -- Lithuanian Commonwealth </Li> <Li> Zaporozhian Host </Li> <Li> Khmelnytsky Uprising </Li> <Li> The Ruin </Li> <Li> Cossack Hetmanate </Li> <Li> Left bank </Li> <Li> Sloboda Ukraine </Li> <Li> Right bank </Li> <Li> Danube </Li> <Li> Russian Empire </Li> <Li> Little Russia </Li> <Li> New Russia </Li> <Li> Habsburg Monarchy </Li> <Li> Kingdom of Galicia </Li> <Li> Bukovina </Li> <Li> Carpathian Ruthenia </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Modern history ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Ukraine during World War I </Li> <Li> Ukraine after the Revolution </Li> <Li> Ukrainian Civil War </Li> <Li> Ukrainian People 's Republic </Li> <Li> West Ukrainian People 's Republic </Li> <Li> Ukrainian State </Li> <Li> Directorate of Ukraine </Li> <Li> Ukrainian SSR </Li> <Li> Communist Party of Ukraine </Li> <Li> Holodomor </Li> <Li> Ukraine in World War II </Li> <Li> Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists </Li> <Li> Chernobyl </Li> <Li> Cassette Scandal </Li> <Li> Orange Revolution </Li> <Li> Russia -- Ukraine gas disputes </Li> <Li> Euromaidan </Li> <Li> Russian military intervention ( 2014 - ) </Li> <Li> Crimean crisis </Li> <Li> War in Donbass </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Topics by history ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Name of Ukraine </Li> <Li> Historical regions </Li> <Li> Christianity in Ukraine </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ukraine portal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Deceased Chernobyl liquidators portraits used for an anti-nuclear power protest in Geneva <P> The Chernobyl disaster , also referred to as the Chernobyl accident , was a catastrophic nuclear accident . It occurred on 25 -- 26 April 1986 in the No. 4 light water graphite moderated reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant near the now - abandoned town of Pripyat , in northern Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic , Soviet Union , approximately 104 km ( 65 mi ) north of Kiev . </P> <P> The event occurred during a late - night safety test which simulated a station blackout power - failure , in the course of which safety systems were intentionally turned off . A combination of inherent reactor design flaws and the reactor operators arranging the core in a manner contrary to the checklist for the test , eventually resulted in uncontrolled reaction conditions . Water flashed into steam generating a destructive steam explosion and a subsequent open - air graphite fire . This fire produced considerable updrafts for about nine days . These lofted plumes of fission products into the atmosphere . The estimated radioactive inventory that was released during this very hot fire phase approximately equaled in magnitude the airborne fission products released in the initial destructive explosion . This radioactive material precipitated onto parts of the western USSR and Europe . </P> <P> During the accident , steam - blast effects caused two deaths within the facility ; one immediately after the explosion , and the other , compounded by a lethal dose of radiation . Over the coming days and weeks , 134 servicemen were hospitalized with acute radiation symptoms , of which 28 firemen and employees died in the days - to - months afterward from the effects of acute radiation syndrome ( ARS ) . In addition , approximately fourteen radiation induced cancer deaths among this group of 134 hospitalized survivors , were to follow within the next ten years ( 1996 ) . Among the wider population , an excess of 15 childhood thyroid cancer deaths were documented as of 2011 . It will take further time and investigation to definitively determine the elevated relative risk of cancer among the surviving employees , those that were initially hospitalized with ARS and the population at large . </P> <P> The Chernobyl accident is considered the most disastrous nuclear power plant accident in history , both in terms of cost and casualties . It is one of only two nuclear energy accidents classified as a level 7 event ( the maximum classification ) on the International Nuclear Event Scale , the other being the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan in 2011 . The struggle to safeguard against scenarios which were perceived as having the potential for greater catastrophe , together with later decontamination efforts of the surroundings , ultimately involved over 500,000 workers and cost an estimated 18 billion rubles . </P> <P> The remains of the No. 4 reactor building were enclosed in a large cover which was named the `` Object Shelter '' , often known as the sarcophagus . The purpose of the structure was to reduce the spread of the remaining radioactive dust and debris from the wreckage and the protection of the wreckage from further weathering . The sarcophagus was finished in December 1986 at a time when what was left of the reactor was entering the cold shut - down phase . The enclosure was not intended as a radiation shield , but was built quickly as occupational safety for the crews of the other undamaged reactors at the power station , with No. 3 continuing to produce electricity up into 2000 . </P> <P> The accident motivated safety upgrades on all remaining Soviet - designed reactors in the RBMK ( Chernobyl No. 4 ) family , of which eleven continued to power electric grids as of 2013 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Overview <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Cancer projections </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Accident <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Steam turbine tests </Li> <Li> 2.2 Conditions before the accident </Li> <Li> 2.3 Experiment and explosion <Ul> <Li> 2.3. 1 Radiation levels </Li> <Li> 2.3. 2 Plant layout </Li> <Li> 2.3. 3 Individual involvement </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.4 Immediate crisis management <Ul> <Li> 2.4. 1 Radiation levels </Li> <Li> 2.4. 2 Fire containment <Ul> <Li> 2.4. 2.1 Timeline </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.4. 3 Evacuation </Li> <Li> 2.4. 4 Delayed announcement of the accident </Li> <Li> 2.4. 5 Steam explosion risk </Li> <Li> 2.4. 6 Debris removal </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Causes <Ul> <Li> 3.1 INSAG - 1 Report ( 1986 ) </Li> <Li> 3.2 INSAG - 7 Report ( 1992 ) </Li> <Li> 3.3 Analysis of views </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Environmental effects <Ul> <Li> 4.1 National and international spread of radioactive substances </Li> <Li> 4.2 Radioactive release </Li> <Li> 4.3 Residual radioactivity in the environment <Ul> <Li> 4.3. 1 Rivers , lakes and reservoirs </Li> <Li> 4.3. 2 Groundwater </Li> <Li> 4.3. 3 Flora and fauna </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Human impact <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Difficulties in assessment , media hysteria and unscientific claims <Ul> <Li> 5.1. 1 Abortion requests due to `` mutant '' fears </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5.2 Thyroid cancer </Li> <Li> 5.3 Other health disorders </Li> <Li> 5.4 Deaths due to radiation exposure </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Speculation </Li> <Li> 7 Economic and political consequences </Li> <Li> 8 Aftermath <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Decommissioning </Li> <Li> 8.2 Radioactive waste management <Ul> <Li> 8.2. 1 Containment of the reactor </Li> <Li> 8.2. 2 Radioactive materials and waste management </Li> <Li> 8.2. 3 Lava - like fuel - containing materials ( FCMs ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8.3 The Exclusion Zone </Li> <Li> 8.4 Forest fires </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Recovery projects <Ul> <Li> 9.1 The Chernobyl Shelter Fund </Li> <Li> 9.2 The United Nations Development Programme </Li> <Li> 9.3 The International Project on the Health Effects of the Chernobyl Accident </Li> <Li> 9.4 Chernobyl Children International </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 Commemoration </Li> <Li> 11 Cultural impact </Li> <Li> 12 See also </Li> <Li> 13 Notes </Li> <Li> 14 References </Li> <Li> 15 Further reading </Li> <Li> 16 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Overview </H2> Location of Chernobyl nuclear power plant The abandoned city of Pripyat with the Chernobyl facility visible in the distance <P> The disaster began during a systems test on 26 April 1986 at reactor 4 of the Chernobyl plant near Pripyat and in proximity to the administrative border with Belarus and the Dnieper River . There was a sudden and unexpected power surge . When operators attempted an emergency shutdown , a much larger spike in power output occurred . This second spike led to a reactor vessel rupture and a series of steam explosions . These events exposed the graphite moderator of the reactor to air , causing it to ignite . For the next week , the resulting fire sent long plumes of highly radioactive fallout into the atmosphere over an extensive geographical area , including Pripyat . The plumes drifted over large parts of the western Soviet Union and Europe . According to official post-Soviet data , about 60 % of the fallout landed in Belarus . </P> <P> Thirty - six hours after the accident , Soviet officials enacted a 10 - kilometre exclusion zone , which resulted in the rapid evacuation of 49,000 people primarily from Pripyat , the nearest large population centre . Although not communicated at the time , an immediate evacuation of the town following the accident was not advisable as the road leading out of the town had heavy nuclear fallout hotspots deposited on it . Initially , the town itself was comparatively safe due to the favourable wind direction . Until the winds began to change direction , shelter in place was considered the best safety measure for the town . </P> <P> As plumes and subsequent fallout continued to be generated , the evacuation zone was increased from 10 to 30 km about one week after the accident . A further 68,000 persons were evacuated , including from the town of Chernobyl itself . The surveying and detection of isolated fallout hotspots outside this zone over the following year eventually resulted in 135,000 long - term evacuees in total agreeing to be moved . The near tripling in the total number of permanently resettled persons between 1986 and 2000 from the most severely contaminated areas to approximately 350,000 is regarded as largely political in nature , with the majority of the rest evacuated in an effort to redeem loss in trust in the government , which was most common around 1990 . Many thousands of these evacuees would have been `` better off staying home . '' Risk analysis in 2007 , supported by DNA biomarkers , has determined | The nuclear power plant that blew up in Russia was the | [
"Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant"
] | 596 | Nuclear power plant that blew up in russia? |
8654444840445750317 | Steffy Forrester - Wikipedia <H1> Steffy Forrester </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Steffy Forrester </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Jacqueline MacInnes Wood as Steffy Forrester </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Bold and the Beautiful character </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Portrayed by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jacqueline MacInnes Wood ( 2008 -- ) </Li> <Li> ( and child actors ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Duration </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1999 -- 2006 </Li> <Li> 2008 -- 13 </Li> <Li> 2015 -- </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First appearance </Th> <Td> September 21 , 1999 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Introduced by </Th> <Td> Bradley Bell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Book appearances </Th> <Td> Forbidden Affair ( 2013 ) Second Chances ( 2014 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Classification </Th> <Td> Present ; regular </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Profile </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other names </Th> <Td> Stephanie Forrester Steffy Spencer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Businesswoman </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Home </Th> <Td> Malibu , California </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( show ) Family </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Family </Th> <Td> Marone </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Father </Th> <Td> Ridge Forrester </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mother </Th> <Td> Taylor Hayes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Stepfather </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nick Marone ( 2007 -- 08 ) </Li> <Li> Whip Jones ( 2010 -- 11 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Stepmother </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Brooke Logan ( 2009 -- 11 , 2018 -- ) </Li> <Li> Caroline Spencer ( 2015 -- 16 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Brothers </Th> <Td> Thomas Forrester </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sisters </Th> <Td> Phoebe Forrester </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Half - brothers </Th> <Td> R.J. Forrester </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Husband </Th> <Td> Liam Spencer ( 2011 -- 12 , 2013 , 2017 -- ) Wyatt Spencer ( 2016 -- 17 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Grandfathers </Th> <Td> Massimo Marone Jack Hamilton </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Grandmothers </Th> <Td> Stephanie Forrester Sharon Ashford Hamilton </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Uncles </Th> <Td> Thorne Forrester Zachary Hamilton Nick Marone </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Aunts </Th> <Td> Felicia Forrester Kristen Forrester Diana Carter Angela Forrester </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nephews </Th> <Td> Douglas Forrester </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First cousins </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Alexandria Forrester </Li> <Li> Zende Dominguez ( adoptive ) </Li> <Li> Dino Damiano </Li> <Li> Jack Marone </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Steffy Forrester is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful . Introduced by Bradley Bell , she is currently portrayed by Jacqueline MacInnes Wood . Steffy and her twin sister Phoebe ( MacKenzie Mauzy ) were born onscreen as the daughters of supercouple Ridge Forrester ( Ronn Moss , later Thorsten Kaye ) and Taylor Hayes ( Hunter Tylo ) during the episode airing on September 21 , 1999 . For the character 's first five - year period , she appeared as a minor . In 2005 , Steffy was rapidly aged to a teenager , and in 2008 she appeared as an adult when Wood took over the role . Wood portrayed the role continuously until 2013 , when she decided to leave her regular capacity with the series ; following a series of guest appearances , Wood returned as a series regular in 2015 . </P> <P> Steffy has suffered many losses throughout her life , which according to Wood is the reason for her deep - seated issues and puzzling storylines . Wood has also described the character as a `` rich bitch '' . While characterized as being provocative and strong - willed , Steffy is emotionally starved on the inside due to her father 's neglect . The character is known for her relationships with the Spencer men : Bill Spencer , Jr . ( Don Diamont ) , Liam Spencer ( Scott Clifton ) and Wyatt Spencer ( Darin Brooks ) as well as animosities towards the Logan family , particularly her mother 's rival Brooke Logan ( Katherine Kelly Lang ) and her own arch - rival Hope Logan ( Kimberly Matula , later Annika Noelle ) , her cousin Ivy Forrester ( Ashleigh Brewer ) , her ex-mother in law Quinn Fuller ( Rena Sofer ) and her business - rival Sally Spectra ( Courtney Hope ) . For several years , Steffy 's storyline revolved around a love triangle with Hope and Liam . Soaps In Depth called Steffy the soap opera genre 's `` resident diva '' , while journalist Michael Logan referred to her as a `` maddeningly complicated sexbomb '' . Wood 's performance in the role has been met with favorable reception from audiences and critics , having garnered her two consecutive nominations for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series in 2012 and 2013 and her third for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2018 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Casting </Li> <Li> 2 Character development <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Characterization </Li> <Li> 2.2 Phoebe 's death and relationship with Rick </Li> <Li> 2.3 Rivalry with Hope and relationship with Liam </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Storylines </Li> <Li> 4 Reception </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Casting ( edit ) </H2> Jacqueline MacInnes Wood has portrayed Steffy since 2008 . <P> From 1999 to 2003 , Steffy and Phoebe were portrayed by various sets of identical twin child actors . Cameryn McNabb took over the role in 2003 . From January to March 2004 , Jordan Mella played Steffy . In April 2004 , both roles were recast with Keaton and Kylie Rae Tyndall , and Steffy was rapidly aged . Kylie portrayed the role of Steffy until April 2005 , when the role was recast with Addison Hoover , whose twin sister Alex Hoover took over the role of Phoebe . The Hoover twins were downgraded to recurring status in November 2005 , and eventually left the program . In June 2006 , former Guiding Light actress MacKenzie Mauzy took over the role of Phoebe upon the character 's return , while Steffy was written out of the series . Steffy was absent from the soap opera until June 4 , 2008 , when Canadian actress Jacqueline MacInnes Wood took over the part . With the casting of Wood , Phoebe and Steffy were retconned as fraternal twins . A month after Wood 's arrival , Mauzy announced her exit from the show and Phoebe was killed off . Wood finds filming on the show very quick ; saying , `` On the daily ( show ) we can shoot up to 90 pages , that 's 8 to 12 episodes , in 4 days with sometimes no rehearsal ! In films , you shoot 100 pages in 4 months . '' </P> <P> In 2010 , it was announced that Wood would take a brief break from the program to film the fifth installment in the Final Destination film series , Final Destination 5 . Wood recorded several scenes in advance of her planned absence . In May 2012 , when The Bold and the Beautiful was shooting Hope and Liam 's wedding on location in Italy , Wood performed her own stunts in a drowning scene . Wood learned about her Daytime Emmy nomination just before filming a scene in the Adriatic sea , stating , `` I was just about to shoot a scene in the Adriatic sea in Italy . The water was only 54 degrees ! ( Executive Producer / Head Writer ) Brad Bell came up to me and said , `` How does it feel to be Emmy nominated ? '' </P> <P> In May 2013 , news broke that Wood had opted not to renew her contract with the show to take another break . According to Soaps In Depth , `` ( The producers ) threw a lot of money at her to get her to stay , but she thought it was the right time to go '' . A representative for the show stated , `` ( Wood ) is taking short a break , as she has done in the past , from B&B . She remains as the character of ' Steffy Forrester ' and is continuing to tape , currently with episodes airing through July 2013 and then beyond '' . It was later announced that Wood had decided to remain with the series on a recurring basis with episodes airing on July 4 to 12 and September 30 and October 1 . </P> <P> After making sporadic appearances , Wood was then announced to be returning for several episodes from December 12 to 20 , 2013 . Last appearing on the credits in February 2014 , it was confirmed in October 2014 that she would not be returning on a more permanent basis , stating : `` Unfortunately we were n't on the same page contractually / scheduling etc ( ... ) These things happen in this industry and I hope all my fans can understand that . I am a huge supporter of ( executive producer / headwriter ) Brad Bell and the entire cast and crew . '' Wood was also removed from the soap opera 's opening credits . On December 4 , 2014 , Soap Opera Digest broke exclusive news that Wood would be returning to the series . At press time , Wood was scheduled for a `` handful '' of episodes , which began airing on January 30 , 2015 . Wood revealed that she agreed to return to the show after Bell had personally sent her a text message . Of her status with the series , the actress said `` if the timing is right , I 'll always come back '' . In April 2015 , Wood confirmed that she signed a contract deal with the series and would return in the role of Steffy . She made her on - screen return on May 26 , 2015 . Wood said : `` When I left the show ( in 2013 ) , it was n't a real goodbye '' , and mentioned that `` Brad sent me a text with an idea for a storyline . We both got really excited about it and that was it . I was ready to go . '' </P> <H2> Character development ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Characterization ( edit ) </H3> `` My character is the socialite who grew up getting whatever she wanted ... money , fame , everything . She 's like some of those famous girls -- you know who I mean but we do n't need to name them -- who somehow always end up in the tabloids every day . '' <P> -- Wood , TV Insider ( 2015 ) </P> <P> Jamey Giddens of the soap opera website Daytime Confidential characterized Steffy as `` bitch - nasty '' , while Wood has described her as strong - willed and a vixen . The program 's website said that Steffy is a `` stunning fashionista '' and a `` provocative trendsetter '' , and added that `` when it comes to Steffy Forrester , things are never as they seem . On the surface she 's sexy , stylish , clever , and together but below the surface , Ridge and Taylor 's only surviving daughter is emotionally starved and slowly learning how to love and be loved '' . By 2011 , Wood described Steffy as a `` rich bitch '' and stated , `` I love playing her and developing her character . She is so different from me . It 's rather cathartic , and it allows my alter ego to come out on The Bold and The Beautiful set five days a week . '' CBS Soaps In Depth characterized Steffy as the soap opera 's `` resident diva '' . When asked if Steffy was `` | On the Bold and the Beautiful, Stephanie's mom is | [
"Ridge Forrester"
] | 468 | Who is stephanie's mom on the bold and the beautiful? |
5543510584551366341 | Celebrity Big Brother ( U.S. TV series ) - wikipedia <H1> Celebrity Big Brother ( U.S. TV series ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the celebrity edition . For the regular edition , see Big Brother ( U.S. TV series ) . For other uses , see Celebrity Big Brother . <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Celebrity Big Brother </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Winter 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="4"> ( show ) HouseGuests </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Name </Td> <Td> Entered </Td> <Td> Exited </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Marissa </Td> <Td> Day 1 </Td> <Td> Day 26 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ross </Td> <Td> Day 1 </Td> <Td> Day 26 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mark </Td> <Td> Day 1 </Td> <Td> Day 26 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ariadna </Td> <Td> Day 1 </Td> <Td> Day 26 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Omarosa </Td> <Td> Day 1 </Td> <Td> Day 26 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> James </Td> <Td> Day 1 </Td> <Td> Day 24 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brandi </Td> <Td> Day 1 </Td> <Td> Day 24 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Metta </Td> <Td> Day 1 </Td> <Td> Day 20 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Shannon </Td> <Td> Day 1 </Td> <Td> Day 17 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Keshia </Td> <Td> Day 1 </Td> <Td> Day 13 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chuck </Td> <Td> Day 1 </Td> <Td> Day 10 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Winner $250,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Runner - up ( $50,000 ) + America 's Favorite HouseGuest ( $25,000 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Evicted </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Celebrity Big Brother , also known as Big Brother : Celebrity Edition , is a spin - off series of the American reality television series Big Brother . This season aired during the winter of the 2017 -- 18 network television season on CBS and was the second U.S. Big Brother season to air outside the usual summer television season , the first being Big Brother 9 in 2008 . Julie Chen returned as host , with Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan returning as executive producers . The season was produced by Fly on the Wall Entertainment in association with Endemol Shine North America . The season premiered on February 7 , 2018 . </P> <P> The promotional logo was released on December 20 , 2017 . The logo is similar to that used for Big Brother season 19 , with the word `` celebrity '' added . The first teaser was also released the same day . In January 2018 official photos of the house and backyard were released through a press release and an Instagram livestream with Julie Chen . On January 28 , 2018 , the official cast was announced during The 60th Annual Grammy Awards . </P> <P> The season officially concluded on February 25 , 2018 when Marissa Jaret Winokur beat Ross Mathews by a final jury vote of 6 to 3 . Ross was also later named America 's Favorite HouseGuest . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Production <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Series changes </Li> <Li> 2.2 Broadcasts <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 1 International broadcasts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.3 Prize </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 HouseGuests </Li> <Li> 4 Episodes <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Notes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Voting history <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Notes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Reception <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Viewing figures </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background </H2> <P> After the first season of the British version of Big Brother proved to be a success in the ratings for Channel 4 , the network collaborated with the BBC for the first British season of Celebrity Big Brother in aid of Comic Relief . The season ran for a condensed run of eight days and featured six British celebrities moving into the house used for the first British season . Due to the success of the first celebrity edition , a second season was ordered and shown exclusively on Channel 4 in November 2002 . The celebrity version took a two year break before returning for its third season in 2005 , and became a regular staple alongside the regular British version . Starting with the third season , the show began to feature celebrities outside the United Kingdom alongside well known British celebrities . Many notable American celebrities have since taken part in the British version of Celebrity Big Brother . American actor Gary Busey took part in the fourteenth season in the summer of 2014 and became the first American celebrity to win Celebrity Big Brother in the United Kingdom . </P> <P> An American version of Celebrity Big Brother has been speculated since 2002 , along with a celebrity version of Survivor . In an interview , Julie Chen and CBS CEO Leslie Moonves revealed talks of a celebrity edition of Big Brother as far back as Big Brother 2 . It was rumored that CBS was looking to air a celebrity edition in the fall after Big Brother 3 with radio personality Howard Stern speculated as a possible houseguest . Chen revealed that Paris Hilton had agreed to do it and Roseanne Barr initially agreed to take part , but then backed out . Barr would later take part in another celebrity spin - off of Big Brother called Big Brother : Celebrity Hijack in the United Kingdom in 2008 , where she watched over a group of non-celebrity housemates for a day , set tasks and talked to them in the Diary Room . </P> <P> Julie Chen announced on September 7 , 2017 , during a live double eviction episode of Big Brother 19 that Celebrity Big Brother would air sometime during the winter , before the twentieth season of Big Brother in the summer of 2018 . CBS later confirmed via a press release that Julie Chen would return to host the new season , and Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan will be executive producers . The season will be produced by Fly on the Wall Entertainment in association with Endemol Shine North America . </P> <P> On September 13 , 2017 , it was revealed by Chen that her husband , CBS chief executive Leslie Moonves , forced her to take a pay cut for the celebrity edition to happen . Moonves stated , `` You should n't be expected to be paid as if it 's a full series . It 's a condensed version . '' </P> <H2> Production </H2> <P> The format of the show remained similar to the American version of Big Brother . Competitions for Head of Household and Power of Veto had been confirmed to returned for this edition along with live evictions . On December 1 , 2017 , CBS revealed that the series would premiere on February 7 , 2018 and wrap on February 25 , 2018 . </P> <H3> Series changes </H3> <P> Celebrity Big Brother was a condensed version of the game and would not last as long as a regular season of Big Brother , with episodes only shown over two weeks instead of three months . Unlike the parent series Jury members were not sequestered separately and were allowed to return to the outside world as well as watch the show . Beginning with an incident that led to a lawsuit in Big Brother 2 when HouseGuest Justin Sebik got drunk and threatened fellow HouseGuest Krista Stegall by holding a knife to her throat and stating `` Wait , hang on , I 'm going to slash your throat . Would you get mad if I killed you now ? '' there has been an alcohol restriction in the house . The alcohol restriction was lifted for the Celebrity HouseGuests . For the celebrity version of America 's Favorite HouseGuest the term Favorite Celebrity HouseGuest was also being used interchangeably . For the first time since the beginning of the U.S. series , five players were featured in the season 's finale night versus the usual three . </P> <H3> Broadcasts </H3> <P> The main television coverage of Celebrity Big Brother was screened on CBS during the winter of the 2017 -- 18 network television season . CBS decided to schedule the spin - off during the February 2018 sweeps period to counterprogram NBC 's coverage of the 2018 Winter Olympics . Episodes aired on Sundays , Mondays , Wednesdays , and Fridays with two special episodes on Thursday , February 8 and Saturday , February 24 . All episodes aired for one hour and aired from 8 : 00 - 9 : 00 p.m. EST ; the Friday episodes and the season finale , however , ran for two hours each ( from 8 : 00 - 10 : 00 p.m. EST ) . The live Internet feeds returned for the American version of Celebrity Big Brother as part of CBS All Access . Alongside the weekly shows on CBS , the companion series Big Brother : After Dark returned on Pop under the title Celebrity Big Brother : After Dark . The show provided live coverage nightly from inside the House . </P> International broadcasts <P> The series was screened in Canada on Global in simulcast with CBS . </P> <P> The celebrity series is also the first American Big Brother season to be screened in Australia. . The program aired on the Nine Network 's secondary channel ; 9Go ! from the 11th of February and air 5 times a week ( Sundays to Thursdays ) with Sunday and Thursday episodes set to air at 8 : 30pm and with other episodes set to air at 9 : 30pm . Additionally , episodes were made available to Australian viewers on Nine 's streaming service 9Now the shortly after the American airing of the show . However , low ratings saw the series bumped to a later timeslot on 9Go ! </P> <H3> Prize </H3> <P> The HouseGuests competed for the main grand prize of $250,000 . </P> <H2> HouseGuests </H2> Main article : List of Celebrity Big Brother houseguests ( U.S. ) The cast of Celebrity Big Brother L -- R : Metta World Peace , Brandi Glanville , Keshia Knight Pulliam , Ross Mathews , Shannon Elizabeth , Mark McGrath , Omarosa Manigault , James Maslow , Marissa Jaret Winokur , Ariadna Gutiérrez , and Chuck Liddell <P> The HouseGuests were revealed during a live pre-show of the 2018 Grammy Awards on January 28 , 2018 . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Age </Th> <Th> Notoriety </Th> <Th> Residence </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ariadna Gutiérrez </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> Miss Colombia 2014 , runner - up in Miss Universe 2015 </Td> <Td> Miami , Florida </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brandi Glanville </Td> <Td> 45 </Td> <Td> Former The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills star </Td> <Td> Los Angeles , California </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chuck Liddell </Td> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> Mixed martial artist , UFC Hall of Famer </Td> <Td> Calabasas , California </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> James Maslow </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> Big Time Rush singer and actor </Td> <Td> Venice , California </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Keshia Knight Pulliam </Td> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> Former The Cosby Show actress </Td> <Td> Atlanta , Georgia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Marissa Jaret Winokur </Td> <Td> 45 </Td> <Td> Broadway actress </Td> <Td> Toluca Lake , California </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mark McGrath </Td> <Td> 49 </Td> <Td> Singer and television host </Td> <Td> Studio City , California </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Metta World Peace </Td> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> Former NBA player </Td> <Td> Los Angeles , California </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Omarosa Manigault </Td> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> Reality television star and former White House political aide </Td> <Td> Jacksonville , Florida </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ross Mathews </Td> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> Television host </Td> <Td> Palm Springs , California </Td> </Tr> | The celebrities entered the Big Brother house in | [
"2017"
] | 330 | When did the celebrities enter the big brother house? |
6872093854408039409 | Fold mountains - wikipedia <H1> Fold mountains </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Zagros Mountains , seen from space . <P> Fold mountains are mountains that form mainly by the effects of folding on layers within the upper part of the Earth 's crust . Before either plate tectonic theory developed , or the internal architecture of thrust belts became well understood , the term was used for most mountain belts , such as the Himalayas . The term is still fairly common in physical geography literature but has otherwise generally fallen out of use except as described below . The forces responsible for formation of fold mountains are called orogenic movements . The term orogenic has derived from a Greek word meaning mountain building . These forces act at tangent to the surface of the earth and are primarily a result of plate tectonics . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Formation </Li> <Li> 2 Examples </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Formation ( edit ) </H2> <P> Fold mountains form when two tectonic plates move towards each other at a convergent plate boundary . Fold mountains form from sedimentary rocks that accumulate along the margins of continents . When plates and the continents riding on them collide , the accumulated layers of rock may crumple and fold like a tablecloth that is pushed across a table , particularly if there is a mechanically weak layer such as salt . </P> <H2> Examples ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> The Jura mountains - A series of sub-parallel mountainous ridges that formed by folding over a Triassic evaporite decollement due to thrust movements in the foreland of the Alps </Li> <Li> The ' Simply Folded Belt ' of the Zagros Mountains - A series of elongated anticlinal domes , mostly formed as detachment folds over underlying thrusts in the foreland of the Zagros collisional belt , generally above a basal decollement that formed in the late Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian Hormuz evaporite </Li> <Li> The Akwapim - Togo ranges in Ghana </Li> <Li> The Ridge - and - Valley Appalachians in the eastern part of United States . </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Fault - block mountain </Li> <Li> Mountain building </Li> <Li> Aravalli </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Ulmer , S. ( 11 August 2011 ) . `` Fold mountains slip on soft areas '' . ETH Life . ETH Zürich . Retrieved 21 February 2012 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> GND : 4153639 - 3 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fold_mountains&oldid=821879728 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Mountain geomorphology </Li> <Li> Structural geology </Li> <Li> Orogeny </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> বাংলা </Li> <Li> Dansk </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Eesti </Li> <Li> Esperanto </Li> <Li> 한국어 </Li> <Li> हिन्दी </Li> <Li> Kiswahili </Li> <Li> Magyar </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> Simple English </Li> <Li> Српски / srpski </Li> <Li> Українська </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 23 January 2018 , at 04 : 10 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> | The folded mountains of Pennsylvania and the high Himalaya are the result of | [
"a convergent plate boundary"
] | 196 | What tectonic setting is responsible for the folded mountains of pennsylvania and the high himalaya? |
-5491608596844802544 | British anti-invasion preparations of 1803 -- 05 - wikipedia <H1> British anti-invasion preparations of 1803 -- 05 </H1> Jump to : navigation , search James Gillray , Buonaparte , 48 hours after landing ! -- Vide John Bulls home - stroke , armed en masse ( 1803 ) . <P> British anti-invasion preparations of 1803 -- 05 were the military and civilian responses in the United Kingdom to Napoleon 's planned invasion of the United Kingdom . They included mobilization of the population on a scale not previously attempted in Britain , with a combined military force of over 615,000 in December 1803 . Much of the southern English coast was fortified to repel a French landing . However Napoleon never attempted his planned invasion and so the preparations were never put to the test . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 British armed forces <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Regular Army </Li> <Li> 2.2 Army of Reserve </Li> <Li> 2.3 Militia </Li> <Li> 2.4 Volunteers </Li> <Li> 2.5 Royal Navy </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Fortifications <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Martello towers </Li> <Li> 3.2 Royal Military Canal </Li> <Li> 3.3 Western Heights </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Telegraphs </Li> <Li> 5 Contingency plans </Li> <Li> 6 Legacy </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 Notes </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the aftermath of the French Revolution of 1789 Britain and France were at war almost continuously from 1793 to 1802 , and then from 1803 to 1815 , interrupted by the brief Peace of Amiens of 1802 -- 3 and Napoleon 's first exile at Elba in 1814 -- 15 . In late 1797 , Napoleon said to the French Directory that : </P> <P> ( France ) must destroy the English monarchy , or expect itself to be destroyed by these intriguing and enterprising islanders ... Let us concentrate all our efforts on the navy and annihilate England . That done , Europe is at our feet . </P> Napoleon inspecting the army at Boulogne , 15 August 1804 . <P> However Napoleon decided against invading for the time being and instead unsuccessfully attacked British interests in Egypt . In March 1802 the two countries signed the Treaty of Amiens , which brought to an end nearly nine years of war . However both the British Prime Minister Henry Addington and Napoleon viewed the peace as temporary , and so it was , with Britain declaring war on France on 18 May 1803 . William Pitt replaced Addington as Prime Minister on 10 May 1804 . </P> <P> In 1803 Napoleon turned his attention to invading England once more , saying : `` All my thoughts are directed towards England . I want only for a favourable wind to plant the Imperial Eagle on the Tower of London '' . Napoleon now planned an invasion on a bigger scale than 1798 and 1801 , and built a new armada for the effort . He assembled the Grande Armée of over 100,000 at Boulogne . </P> <H2> British armed forces ( edit ) </H2> Commander - in - Chief of the Forces The Prince Frederick , Duke of York and Albany . <H3> Regular army ( edit ) </H3> <P> Addington 's government had kept the Regular army at 132,000 men during the Amiens interlude , with 18,000 in Ireland and 50,000 in Great Britain ( the rest serving abroad ) . </P> <H3> Army of Reserve ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1803 50 of the 93 regiments of the Army gained a second battalion , which became known as the Army of Reserve . These 50,000 men would be raised by ballot within one year . However each recruit was liable to serve in Great Britain only . These Reserve soldiers could volunteer as Regular soldiers and consequently receive money . After 9 months recruiting fewer than 3,000 of the 42,000 men were balloted men . Within one month of recruiting it had enlisted 22,500 men but by the end of 1803 it was short of the required 50,000 by 15,000 so the government stopped recruiting for it . </P> <H3> Militia ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Militia was a territorial - based infantry to be used only for home defence and was not a standing army . It was to be raised by ballot . The government in December 1802 , fearing war , held a Militia ballot . The ballot was run by churchwardens and overseers of the poor in each parish . A list of men aged between eighteen and forty - five , with many exceptions ( such as seamen and Thames watermen ) , was posted on the front of the church door . However , if a man found himself on the list he could get out of serving by paying a fine or getting another man to fill his place . Four months after the ballot , and a week into the war , the Militia was filled to 80 % of the 51,000 required . </P> <H3> Volunteers ( edit ) </H3> Main articles : Volunteer corps ( 1794 -- 1814 ) and Yeomanry <P> The British government had no choice -- in view of Napoleon 's avowed determination to invade the United Kingdom -- but to rely on the patriotism of the people through a volunteer movement . The volunteers ' function , as laid down in July 1803 by the Commander - in - Chief of the Forces , Prince Frederick , Duke of York , was to conduct guerrilla warfare against the French occupying forces . They would operate in small bodies to harass , instill panic and wear out the French army . They were never to get deeply engaged with French troops and to retire when pressed . Local knowledge was to be used as much as possible and they were also expected to cut off French pillaging detachments . In anticipation to criticisms that arming the people was dangerous , the Secretary at War in Addington 's government ( Charles Yorke ) said on 18 July 1803 in introducing a Bill for amending the Defence of the Realm Act : </P> <P> I say , that in these times , it is better to run the hazard even of the people making a bad use of their arms , than that they should be actually left in a state of entire ignorance of the use of them . For my own part , I can safely aver , that I can not see any real danger which is likely to accrue to the internal peace of the Country , when I consider the present dispositions and feelings of the people . </P> <P> William Pitt , in response , agreed : </P> William Pitt . <P> I am sure there is not an heart that palpitates in a British bosom that will not rouse for the common cause , and cordially join for the defence of the country ... That there was a time , Sir , when it would have been dangerous to entrust arms with a great portion of the people of this country , I have strong reasons to know , because it must be in the recollection of every man that incendiaries were at work amongst them ; and so successful in the promulgation of revolutionary doctrines , as to have disposed them to exert any means , however desperate , which they thought could be successful , in subverting the Government and Constitution . But that time is now past ; and , I trust , those who have been so grosly deluded have seen their error . At least I am convinced , that if any such there still remain , the portion is so small , that if armed and dispersed in the same ranks with their loyal fellow subjects , they would be converted by their example ; and , like them , rejoice in the blessings of our happy constitution ; like them glory to live under its auspices , or die in its defence . </P> <P> Even the prominent anti-war MP Charles James Fox supported the Bill : </P> <P> This is the first measure which I could ... come down to support , being a measure for the defence of the country ... the mass of the country ; acting , not in single regiments , but as a great mass of armed citizens , fighting for the preservation of their country , their families , and every thing that is dear to them in life ... an armed mass of the country , who are bound by every feeling and by every tie to defend that country to the last drop of their blood , before they will give way to him and his invading forces . </P> <P> During 1803 the government 's call for volunteers to resist an invasion was met with a massive response . However the government was unprepared for the numbers of volunteers , as within a few weeks 280,000 men had volunteered . On 18 August Addington issued a circular discouraging new volunteers `` in any county where the effective members of those corps , including the yeomanry , shall exceed the amount of six times the militia '' . This had little effect since by the first week of September there were 350,000 volunteers . At least half of the volunteers of the summer and autumn of 1803 were not equipped with their own weapon . When the government tried to issue them with pikes this was met with contempt and attacked by the Opposition leader William Windham . </P> <P> The second half of 1803 marked the height of the invasion scare . When the King reviewed 27,000 volunteers in Hyde Park , London on 26 and 28 October 1803 , 500,000 people were estimated to have turned out on each of the two days to witness the event . The Chief Constable of Bramfield ( John Carrington ) travelled from Hertfordshire to see it , saying : `` I never saw such a sight all my days '' . These were the best - attended of reviews of volunteers which between 1797 and 1805 `` were often of daily occurrence '' . </P> <P> In 1804 returns to Parliament recorded a total of 480,000 volunteers in uniform . In addition there were the regular forces and the militia , which meant that nearly one - in - five able - bodied men were in uniform . The Speaker , addressing the King at the prorogation of Parliament on 13 August 1803 , said `` the whole Nation has risen up in Arms '' . Addington called the volunteer movement on 4 September 1803 `` an insurrection of loyalty '' . The response to the call to arms to resist invasion in these years has impressed some historians : `` If some dissentient voices were heard in 1797 -- 8 when the aftermath of the Revolution still lingered in the land , there was increased enthusiasm in the patriotism of 1801 , and burning ardour coupled with absolute unanimity in that of 1803 -- 5 '' . </P> <H3> Royal navy ( edit ) </H3> First Lord of the Admiralty John Jervis , 1st Earl of St. Vincent . <P> The Royal Navy kept a constant blockade of French harbours from Toulon to the Texel , just outside artillery range , waiting for a French ship to sail close enough to be attacked . Rear - Admiral of the United Kingdom Admiral Cornwallis had a fleet off Brest and Commander - in - Chief of the North Sea Admiral Keith possessed a fleet between the Downs and Selsey Bill . A further line of British ships lay close to the English coast to intercept any French ships that broke through the blockade . The French were unwilling to venture out of their ports and so in the two years only nine flotilla ships had | Britain declared war on France in 1803 because of | [
"Napoleon's planned invasion of the United Kingdom"
] | 68 | Why did britain declare war on france in 1803? |
1065612251914840415 | Say You 'll Haunt Me - wikipedia <H1> Say You 'll Haunt Me </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Say You 'll Haunt Me '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Stone Sour </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Audio Secrecy </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> July 6 , 2010 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 2010 at Blackbird Studios in Nashville , Tennessee , United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Post-grunge , alternative metal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 40 ( Music Video ) 4 : 24 ( Album Version ) 4 : 02 ( Radio Edit ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Roadrunner </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Shawn Economaki , Roy Mayorga , Josh Rand , Jim Root , Corey Taylor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Nick Raskulinecz </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Stone Sour singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Mission Statement '' ( 2010 ) </Td> <Td> `` Say You 'll Haunt Me '' ( 2010 ) </Td> <Td> `` Digital ( Did You Tell ) '' ( 2010 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Mission Statement '' ( 2010 ) </Td> <Td> `` Say You 'll Haunt Me '' ( 2010 ) </Td> <Td> `` Digital ( Did You Tell ) '' ( 2010 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Say You 'll Haunt Me '' is the second single from rock band Stone Sour 's third album Audio Secrecy which was released on September 7 , 2010 via Roadrunner Records . The song was released to the public on July 6 , 2010 . The song has received radio airplay on multiple major rock and metal stations nationally in the US . The digital single was released through Amazon & iTunes on July 20 , 2010 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Music video </Li> <Li> 3 Track listing </Li> <Li> 4 Chart positions </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 Rock Band Music Gaming Platform </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> Frontman Corey Taylor told The Pulse of Radio , that it took him a while to warm up to `` Say You 'll Haunt Me '' during the making of the record . `` It was one of those songs , that I did n't really feel until it was finished , '' he said . `` I enjoyed the lyrics , but I was n't sure about the music . I 'd come in and I 'd sing it , and I put my heart into it , because the lyrics are about my wife and how I feel about my wife , and then I left . And I came back and they ( the rest of the band ) had just made it incredible . Now I ca n't get it out of my head . '' </P> <H2> Music video ( edit ) </H2> <P> The band has shot a music video , directed by Paul R. Brown . The video premiered on July 27 , 2010 . </P> <P> The video begins with a car ( 1972 Plymouth Barracuda ) pulling into a creepy alleyway with Corey Taylor being pulled out of the trunk by his bandmates . He is then lead upstairs to be strapped into a chair and interrogated by a woman ( Joanna Moskawa ) who seems to have an aggression towards him . As this is happening , ghostly images of the band perform in front of each member , the video also features these images solo inside an abandoned warehouse including Taylor . Taylor is then blindfolded and then a weird screen is brought out . Corey then walks into the room from the shadows , with a shaved head , wearing a suit and sunglasses . He takes the sunglasses off and then the blindfold is removed , revealing the woman from before . At the end of the solo and the final `` everything to '' shaved Corey presses the button and the other Corey is then seen singing on the screen . The lady panics from this sight and the rest of the band have smiles on their faces . At the end of the video the band leaves the lady tied . Right before it fades to black , the screen says `` What did you see ? '' This was part of a contest that the band held to see the concept of the video , which had a code which read `` I am you '' which explains the fact Corey was replaced with the woman . </P> <P> The video uses the album version , not the short radio edit . </P> <H2> Track listing ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> iTunes single </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Length </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 . </Td> <Td> `` Say You 'll Haunt Me '' </Td> <Td> 4 : 24 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> Promo CD single Europe </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Length </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 . </Td> <Td> `` Say You 'll Haunt Me '' ( Radio Edit ) </Td> <Td> 4 : 03 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2 . </Td> <Td> `` Say You 'll Haunt Me '' ( Album Version ) </Td> <Td> 4 : 24 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Chart positions ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the week of October 2 , 2010 , `` Say You 'll Haunt Me '' reached No. 1 on both the U.S. Billboard Rock Songs chart and the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart . In doing so , it became Stone Sour 's first single to reach No. 1 on the Rock Songs chart and their second , after `` Through Glass '' , to reach No. 1 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2010 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK Singles ( The Official Charts Company ) </Td> <Td> 198 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Rock Songs </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Alternative Songs </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> List of Rock Songs number - one singles </Li> <Li> List of Billboard Mainstream Rock number - one songs of the 2010s </Li> </Ul> <H2> Rock band music gaming platform ( edit ) </H2> <P> It was made available to download on January 18 , 2011 for use in the Rock Band 3 music gaming platform in both Basic rhythm , and PRO mode which utilizes real guitar / bass guitar , and MIDI compatible electronic drum kits / keyboards in addition to vocals . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` STONE SOUR : ' Audio Secrecy ' Cover Artwork Unveiled '' . Blabbermouth.net . July 6 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Stone Sour , ' Say You 'll Haunt Me ' -- New Song '' . Aolradioblog.com . July 6 , 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ ( 1 ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Patrick Hosken . `` Music -- Music News , New Songs , Videos , Music Shows and Playlists from '' . MTV . Retrieved 2017 - 07 - 06 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Say You 'll Haunt Me - Single '' . iTunes . Retrieved December 27 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Stone Sour - Chart history '' . Billboard . Retrieved 2017 - 07 - 06 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Stone Sour - Chart history '' . Billboard . Retrieved 2017 - 07 - 06 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Stone Sour </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Corey Taylor </Li> <Li> Josh Rand </Li> <Li> Roy Mayorga </Li> <Li> Johny Chow </Li> <Li> Christian Martucci </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Joel Ekman </Li> <Li> Shawn Economaki </Li> <Li> Jim Root </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Stone Sour </Li> <Li> Come What ( ever ) May </Li> <Li> Audio Secrecy </Li> <Li> House of Gold & Bones -- Part 1 </Li> <Li> House of Gold & Bones -- Part 2 </Li> <Li> Hydrograd </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Live albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Live in Moscow </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> EPs </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Meanwhile in Burbank ... </Li> <Li> Straight Outta Burbank ... </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Video albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Live at Brighton </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Singles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Get Inside '' </Li> <Li> `` Bother '' </Li> <Li> `` Inhale '' </Li> <Li> `` 30 / 30 - 150 '' </Li> <Li> `` Through Glass '' </Li> <Li> `` Sillyworld '' </Li> <Li> `` Made of Scars '' </Li> <Li> `` Zzyzx Rd . '' </Li> <Li> `` Mission Statement '' </Li> <Li> `` Say You 'll Haunt Me '' </Li> <Li> `` Digital ( Did You Tell ) '' </Li> <Li> `` Hesitate '' </Li> <Li> `` Gone Sovereign / Absolute Zero '' </Li> <Li> `` Do Me a Favor '' </Li> <Li> `` Tired '' </Li> <Li> `` Song # 3 '' </Li> <Li> `` Rose Red Violent Blue ( This Song Is Dumb & So Am I ) '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Tours </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Music as a Weapon III </Li> <Li> Family Values Tour 2006 </Li> <Li> Uproar Festival 2010 </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related articles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Discography </Li> <Li> Songs </Li> <Li> Demos </Li> <Li> House of Gold & Bones ( comics ) </Li> <Li> Slipknot </Li> <Li> Roadrunner United </Li> <Li> Black President </Li> <Li> Amebix </Li> <Li> Junk Beer Kidnap Band </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Say_You%27ll_Haunt_Me&oldid=808113763 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Stone Sour songs </Li> <Li> 2010 singles </Li> <Li> Billboard Mainstream Rock number - one singles </Li> <Li> Billboard Rock Songs number - one singles </Li> <Li> 2010 songs </Li> <Li> Song recordings produced by Nick Raskulinecz </Li> <Li> Roadrunner Records singles </Li> <Li> Songs written by Corey Taylor </Li> <Li> Songs written by Shawn Economaki </Li> <Li> Songs written by Roy Mayorga </Li> <Li> Songs written by Josh Rand </Li> <Li> Songs written by Jim Root </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> All articles with dead external links </Li> <Li> Articles with dead external links from July 2017 </Li> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 31 October 2017 , at 23 : 29 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia | The girl featured in the Stone Sour music video "Say You'll Haunt Me" is | [
"Joanna Moskawa"
] | 619 | Who is the girl in the stone sour video say you'll haunt me? |
4258647591080003263 | before marrying Nala and having Kiara and Kion with her . </P> <H3> Nala ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Nala ( The Lion King ) <P> Nala ( voiced by Moira Kelly in The Lion King , The Lion King ll : Simba 's Pride , and The Lion King 11⁄2 , Gabrielle Union in The Lion Guard ) is the daughter of Sarafina , the best friend and later mate of Simba and Kiara and Kion 's mother . Although she is a prominent character in The Lion King , she makes minor appearances in Simba 's Pride , The Lion King 11⁄2 , and The Lion Guard . </P> <P> In the first film , she is portrayed as Simba 's childhood friend . After helping Simba enter the elephant graveyard , she has to be rescued by Mufasa when the hyenas attack them . Several years later , Nala encounters Simba as a young adult and develops a romance with him . After returning to Pride Rock , she helps Simba defeat Scar and take his rightful place as King of Pride Rock . In Simba 's Pride , Nala is depicted as slightly older , calmer and less overprotective than her mate . </P> <H3> Timon and Pumbaa ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Timon and Pumbaa <P> Timon and Pumbaa ( voiced by Nathan Lane and Ernie Sabella in the films and TV series , respectively ) are a meerkat and warthog duo . Although they are supporting characters in the first two films , they are featured as the main characters in The Lion King 11⁄2 as well as in the Timon & Pumbaa TV series . In the first film they become friends with Simba and teach him the basics of life in the jungle . After helping Simba stop Scar 's tyrannical reign , the two become Simba 's royal advisors , and as revealed in the TV series The Lion Guard , the adoptive uncles of the honey badger , Bunga . </P> <P> While Lane voiced Timon in early episodes of Timon & Pumbaa , for the majority of the series Timon is voiced by Kevin Schon or Quinton Flynn . Schon voices Timon in The Lion Guard . </P> <H3> Scar ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Scar ( The Lion King ) <P> Scar ( voiced by Jeremy Irons in The Lion King , Jim Cummings in The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride , and David Oyelowo in The Lion Guard ) is the main antagonist of The Lion King franchise , Simba 's paternal uncle and Mufasa 's younger brother . In The Lion King , after he commits a coup d'état by murdering Mufasa and exiling Simba , he becomes `` King of the Pride Lands '' . However , years later , Simba returns to Pride Rock and overthrows Scar to become King of the Pride Lands . </P> <P> The Lion Guard : Return of the Roar reveals that Scar was once the leader of the titular group and , like his great - nephew Kion , once possessed the Roar of the Elders . Scar lost the Roar after using it to destroy the other members of his Lion Guard , as the Roar is meant to be used for good , not evil . </P> <P> In season 2 of The Lion Guard , Kion unknowingly summons Scar back as a fiery spirit in a volcano after using the Roar in anger when Janja the hyena provokes him . Scar then conspires with the animals in the Outlands to take over the Pride Lands and defeat the new Lion Guard and Simba , who were initially unaware that Scar had returned . Later in the season , Kion and the guard find out that Scar has returned while they are in the Outlands getting volcanic ash needed to cure Simba from a scorpion sting . </P> <H3> Mufasa ( edit ) </H3> <P> Mufasa ( voiced by James Earl Jones in the films and Gary Anthony Williams in The Lion Guard ) is Scar 's older brother , Sarabi 's mate , Simba 's father and Kiara and Kion 's paternal grandfather who is introduced as the King of the Pride Lands . The name `` Mufasa '' means `` King '' in the Manazoto language . In The Lion King , he teaches Simba on what a king is supposed to be . However , Mufasa later dies after being thrown into a wildebeest stampede by Scar whilst rescuing Simba . He returns years later as a ghostly apparition in the clouds to help an older Simba return to the Pride Lands and remember who he is as King . </P> <P> In The Lion Guard , Mufasa serves as a spirit guide to his grandson Kion . </P> <P> According to Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff , they knew that Jones ' voice was powerful and similar to the roar of a lion . Jones is scheduled to reprise his role in the upcoming live - action adaptation of the film directed by Jon Favreau . </P> <H3> Sarabi ( edit ) </H3> `` Sarabi '' redirects here . For other uses , see Sarabi ( disambiguation ) . <P> Sarabi ( voiced by Madge Sinclair ) is Mufasa 's mate , Simba 's mother and Kiara and Kion 's paternal grandmother . Her name means `` mirage '' in Swahili . In The Lion King , she serves as the Queen of Pride Rock . Years after Scar usurps the throne , Sarabi helps Simba fight against Scar and his hyenas . When Simba defeats Scar , Nala becomes Queen and Sarabi becomes the Queen Dowager . </P> <H3> Zazu ( edit ) </H3> <P> Zazu ( voiced by Rowan Atkinson in The Lion King , Edward Hibbert in Timon & Pumbaa , The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride , and The Lion King 11⁄2 , and Jeff Bennett in The Lion Guard ) is a red - billed hornbill and majordomo to Mufasa and later Simba . After Mufasa 's death , Zazu becomes a prisoner of Scar before Pumbaa breaks the bone cage releasing him when Simba returns to the Pride Lands . He eventually acts as a scout and advises Simba on royal protocol . In the musical , Zazu is a puppet controlled by an actor dressed in blue striped clothes and a bowler hat , much like a stereotypical butler . Zazu 's blue feathers have been replaced with white and the puppet is partially constructed from parachute silk with a slinky contained in the neck for ease in movement . </P> <H3> Rafiki ( edit ) </H3> <P> Rafiki ( voiced by Robert Guillaume in the films and Timon & Pumbaa and Khary Payton in The Lion Guard ) , whose name means `` friend '' in Swahili , is a mandrill with an unnaturally long tail . He lives in a baobab tree in the Pride Lands and performs shamanistic services for the lions of Pride Rock . </P> <P> In The Lion King , Rafiki is introduced in the opening scene when he travels to Pride Rock to perform newborn Simba 's presentation ceremony . During the film , Rafiki sings a nonsense chant : `` Asante sana , squash banana , wewe nugu , mimi hapana . '' This is a Swahili playground rhyme which translates to `` Thank you very much ( squash banana ) , you 're a baboon and I 'm not ! '' Like `` hakuna matata '' ( no worries ) , the chant was heard by the filmmakers on their research trip to Kenya . Rafiki travels to the jungle where Simba lives with Timon and Pumbaa , and teaches him lessons about learning from the past : `` Yes , the past can hurt but , the way I see it you can either run from it , or learn from it '' . During the battle for Pride Rock , Rafiki saves Simba from a hyena . At the end of the film , Rafiki presents Simba and Nala 's newborn cub . </P> <P> In the sequel The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride , Rafiki is more closely involved with the affairs and politics of the prides and is often seen with the lions . Mufasa 's spirit persuades him to bring Simba 's daughter Kiara and Zira 's son Kovu together as a way of uniting the prides . Rafiki tries to make them fall in love by singing to them about a place called `` Upendi '' , which means `` love '' in Swahili . In the end , he blesses the union of Kovu and Kiara , and Kovu is welcomed into the pride . Rafiki appears briefly in The Lion King 11⁄2 , teaching Timon the philosophy of `` Hakuna Matata '' , talking to Timon 's mother about her son , and later convincing Timon to follow Simba to Pride Rock to confront Scar . </P> <P> In the musical , the character of Rafiki was significantly modified . Because director Julie Taymor felt that the story lacked a strong female character , Rafiki was changed into a female mandrill and sangoma . She acts as narrator throughout the story , at one point speaking to the audience in a click language for comic effect . She sings the opening song `` Circle of Life '' , a keening song called `` Rafiki Mourns '' following Mufasa 's death , and a brief part in Nala 's song `` Shadowland '' , when she blesses Nala for her journey to find help . Instead of detecting Simba 's scent on dust , Rafiki hears Simba 's song `` Endless Night '' on the wind . Rafiki finds Simba and shows him that his father lives on in him through the song `` He Lives in You '' . She is present during the battle , fighting a hyena , and adorns Simba with the king 's mantle after his victory ; the play ends with her at the presentation of Simba and Nala 's newborn cub . </P> <P> Rafiki makes occasional appearances in the Timon and Pumbaa TV series and has his own segments called `` Rafiki Fables '' in the same show . He appears briefly in the Pride Lands world of Kingdom Hearts II . </P> <P> Rafiki serves as a recurring character in The Lion Guard , and takes on an apprentice named Makini in season 2 . </P> <H3> Shenzi , Banzai and Ed ( edit ) </H3> <P> Shenzi ( voiced by Whoopi Goldberg in the films and Tress MacNeille in Timon & Pumbaa and Kingdom Hearts II ) , Banzai ( voiced by Cheech Marin in the films and Kingdom Hearts II and Rob Paulsen in Timon & Pumbaa ) and Ed ( voiced by Jim Cummings ) are the three spotted hyenas who make up Scar 's henchmen . After Scar promises them that they will have food , the hyenas trigger the wildebeest stampede and chase Simba out of Pride Rock . When Simba returns to Pride Rock , Shenzi and Banzai are defeated by Pumbaa . The three turn on Scar when the latter tries to blame them for Mufasa 's death and the ruin of the Pride Lands , and eat him alive during a thunderstorm . </P> <H3> Gopher ( edit ) </H3> <P> Gopher ( voiced by Jim Cummings ) is a gopher who works for Zazu as an informant . In the film he is seen warning Zazu that the hyenas have invaded the Pride Lands . His scene is expanded in the 2003 special edition . He appears during the song The Morning Report and is spotted by Simba who tries to pounce him , but Gopher pops back inside the dirt . Gopher reappears , trying to get Mufasa 's attention , but Simba notices him again , to which the gopher hides back in the dirt | The bird featured in The Lion King is | [
"a red-billed hornbill"
] | 3,161 | What kind of bird is in the lion king? |
6009212502620981150 | included . They are listed under List of closed stadiums by capacity . </Li> <Li> An asterisk ( * ) indicates that the team plays only some ( few ) of its home matches at the venue , and may have another ( primary ) home ground . </Li> <Li> Race tracks ( such as the Indianapolis Motor Speedway and the Tokyo Racecourse ) are not stadiums , and are not included here . For a list of all sports venues by capacity , see List of sports venues by capacity . </Li> <Li> Capacities are taken whenever possible from the figure stated on the official website of the stadium , its tenants , or a sports event it has hosted </Li> </Ul> <H2> List ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Stadium </Th> <Th> Capacity </Th> <Th> City / State </Th> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Tenant ( s ) </Th> <Th> Main use ( s ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rungrado 1st of May Stadium </Td> <Td> 114,000 </Td> <Td> Pyongyang </Td> <Td> North Korea </Td> <Td> Korea DPR national football team * </Td> <Td> Association football , athletics , mass games </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Michigan Stadium </Td> <Td> 107,601 </Td> <Td> Ann Arbor , Michigan </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Michigan Wolverines football </Td> <Td> American football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Beaver Stadium </Td> <Td> 106,572 </Td> <Td> State College , Pennsylvania </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Penn State Nittany Lions football </Td> <Td> American football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ohio Stadium </Td> <Td> 104,944 </Td> <Td> Columbus , Ohio </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Ohio State Buckeyes football </Td> <Td> American football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kyle Field </Td> <Td> 102,733 </Td> <Td> College Station , Texas </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Texas A&M Aggies football </Td> <Td> American football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Neyland Stadium </Td> <Td> 102,455 </Td> <Td> Knoxville , Tennessee </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Tennessee Volunteers football </Td> <Td> American football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tiger Stadium </Td> <Td> 102,321 </Td> <Td> Baton Rouge , Louisiana </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> LSU Tigers football </Td> <Td> American football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bryant -- Denny Stadium </Td> <Td> 101,821 </Td> <Td> Tuscaloosa , Alabama </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Alabama Crimson Tide football </Td> <Td> American football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Darrell K Royal -- Texas Memorial Stadium </Td> <Td> 100,119 </Td> <Td> Austin , Texas </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Texas Longhorns football </Td> <Td> American football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Melbourne Cricket Ground ( MCG ) </Td> <Td> 100,024 </Td> <Td> Melbourne </Td> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> Victorian Bushrangers , Melbourne Stars , Melbourne Cricket Club , Richmond FC , Hawthorn FC , Collingwood FC , Melbourne FC , Australia national cricket team * </Td> <Td> Cricket , Australian rules football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Camp Nou </Td> <Td> 99,354 </Td> <Td> Barcelona </Td> <Td> Spain </Td> <Td> FC Barcelona </Td> <Td> Association football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Soccer City </Td> <Td> 94,736 </Td> <Td> Johannesburg </Td> <Td> South Africa </Td> <Td> South African national football team , Kaizer Chiefs F.C. </Td> <Td> Association football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum </Td> <Td> 93,607 </Td> <Td> Los Angeles </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> USC Trojans football , Los Angeles Rams </Td> <Td> American football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sanford Stadium </Td> <Td> 92,746 </Td> <Td> Athens , Georgia </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Georgia Bulldogs football </Td> <Td> American football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rose Bowl </Td> <Td> 92,542 </Td> <Td> Pasadena , California </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> UCLA Bruins football , Rose Bowl Game </Td> <Td> American football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cotton Bowl Stadium </Td> <Td> 92,100 </Td> <Td> Dallas , Texas </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Dallas Independent School District </Td> <Td> American football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Wembley Stadium </Td> <Td> 90,000 </Td> <Td> London </Td> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> England national football team </Td> <Td> Association football , rugby league , American Football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ben Hill Griffin Stadium </Td> <Td> 88,548 </Td> <Td> Gainesville , Florida </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Florida Gators football </Td> <Td> American football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Gelora Bung Karno Stadium </Td> <Td> 88,306 </Td> <Td> Jakarta </Td> <Td> Indonesia </Td> <Td> Persija Jakarta , Indonesia national football team </Td> <Td> Association football , athletics </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jordan -- Hare Stadium </Td> <Td> 87,451 </Td> <Td> Auburn , Alabama </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Auburn Tigers football </Td> <Td> American football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bukit Jalil National Stadium </Td> <Td> 87,411 </Td> <Td> Kuala Lumpur </Td> <Td> Malaysia </Td> <Td> Malaysia national football team </Td> <Td> Association football , athletics </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Estadio Azteca </Td> <Td> 87,000 </Td> <Td> Mexico City </Td> <Td> Mexico </Td> <Td> Club América , Mexico national football team </Td> <Td> Association football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Memorial Stadium </Td> <Td> 86,047 </Td> <Td> Lincoln , Nebraska </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Nebraska Cornhuskers football </Td> <Td> American football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Borg El Arab Stadium </Td> <Td> 86,000 </Td> <Td> Alexandria </Td> <Td> Egypt </Td> <Td> Egypt national football team </Td> <Td> Association football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Salt Lake Stadium </Td> <Td> 85,000 </Td> <Td> Kolkata </Td> <Td> India </Td> <Td> India national football team * , East Bengal , Mohammedan , Mohun Bagan , United , ATK </Td> <Td> Association football , athletics </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Gaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium </Td> <Td> 84,389 </Td> <Td> Norman , Oklahoma </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Oklahoma Sooners football </Td> <Td> American football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Stadium Australia </Td> <Td> 84,000 </Td> <Td> Sydney </Td> <Td> Australia </Td> <Td> New South Wales Blues , Australia Wallabies * , Australia Socceroos * , Canterbury - Bankstown Bulldogs , South Sydney Rabbitohs , Wests Tigers * Sydney Thunder , Australia Kangaroos * </Td> <Td> Rugby league , rugby union , cricket , Australian rules football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> MetLife Stadium </Td> <Td> 82,500 </Td> <Td> East Rutherford , New Jersey </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> New York Giants , New York Jets </Td> <Td> American football , association football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Croke Park </Td> <Td> 82,300 </Td> <Td> Dublin </Td> <Td> Ireland </Td> <Td> GAA </Td> <Td> Gaelic football , hurling , camogie . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> FedExField </Td> <Td> 82,000 </Td> <Td> Landover , Maryland </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Washington Redskins </Td> <Td> American football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Twickenham Stadium </Td> <Td> 82,000 </Td> <Td> London </Td> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> England national rugby union team </Td> <Td> Rugby union </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Memorial Stadium </Td> <Td> 81,500 </Td> <Td> Clemson </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Clemson Tigers football </Td> <Td> American football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lambeau Field </Td> <Td> 81,441 </Td> <Td> Green Bay , Wisconsin </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Green Bay Packers </Td> <Td> American football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Signal Iduna Park </Td> <Td> 81,359 </Td> <Td> Dortmund </Td> <Td> Germany </Td> <Td> Borussia Dortmund </Td> <Td> Association football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Stade de France </Td> <Td> 81,338 </Td> <Td> Saint - Denis </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> France national football team , France national rugby union team * , Stade Français * , Racing Métro * </Td> <Td> Association football , rugby union , rugby league , athletics </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Estadio Santiago Bernabéu </Td> <Td> 81,044 </Td> <Td> Madrid </Td> <Td> Spain </Td> <Td> Real Madrid C.F. </Td> <Td> Association football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luzhniki Stadium </Td> <Td> 81,000 </Td> <Td> Moscow </Td> <Td> Russia </Td> <Td> none </Td> <Td> Association football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Notre Dame Stadium </Td> <Td> 80,795 </Td> <Td> South Bend , Indiana </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Notre Dame Fighting Irish football </Td> <Td> American football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Shah Alam Stadium </Td> <Td> 80,372 </Td> <Td> Shah Alam </Td> <Td> Malaysia </Td> <Td> PKNS FC </Td> <Td> Association football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Camp Randall Stadium </Td> <Td> 80,321 </Td> <Td> Madison , Wisconsin </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Wisconsin Badgers football </Td> <Td> American football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Williams - Brice Stadium </Td> <Td> 80,250 </Td> <Td> Columbia , South Carolina </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> South Carolina Gamecocks football </Td> <Td> American football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Estadio Monumental </Td> <Td> 80,093 </Td> <Td> Lima </Td> <Td> Peru </Td> <Td> Universitario de Deportes </Td> <Td> Association football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Stadio Giuseppe Meazza ( San Siro ) </Td> <Td> 80,018 </Td> <Td> Milan </Td> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> F.C. Internazionale Milano , A.C. Milan </Td> <Td> Association football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Guangdong Olympic Stadium </Td> <Td> 80,012 </Td> <Td> Guangzhou </Td> <Td> China </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Association football , athletics </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> AT&T Stadium </Td> <Td> 80,000 </Td> <Td> Arlington , Texas </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Dallas Cowboys , Cotton Bowl </Td> <Td> American football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Grand Stade de Casablanca </Td> <Td> 80,000 </Td> <Td> Casablanca </Td> <Td> Morocco </Td> <Td> Raja Casablanca , Wydad Casablanca </Td> <Td> Association football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Beijing National Stadium </Td> <Td> 80,000 </Td> <Td> Beijing </Td> <Td> China </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Athletics , association football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Stade 5 Juillet 1962 </Td> <Td> 80,000 </Td> <Td> Algiers </Td> <Td> Algeria </Td> <Td> MC Algiers </Td> <Td> Association football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Stade des Martyrs </Td> <Td> 80,000 </Td> <Td> Kinshasa </Td> <Td> Democratic Republic of the Congo </Td> <Td> Congo DR national football team </Td> <Td> Association football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Shanghai Stadium </Td> <Td> 80,000 </Td> <Td> Shanghai </Td> <Td> China </Td> <Td> Shanghai East Asia F.C. </Td> <Td> Association football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bobby Bowden Field at Doak Campbell Stadium </Td> <Td> 79,560 </Td> <Td> Tallahassee , Florida </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Florida State Seminoles football </Td> <Td> American football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Arrowhead Stadium </Td> <Td> 79,451 </Td> <Td> Kansas City , Missouri </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Kansas City Chiefs </Td> <Td> American football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Estádio do Maracanã </Td> <Td> 78,838 </Td> <Td> Rio de Janeiro </Td> <Td> Brazil </Td> <Td> Flamengo , Fluminense , Brazil national football team * </Td> <Td> Association football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Azadi Stadium </Td> <Td> 78,116 </Td> <Td> Tehran </Td> <Td> Iran </Td> <Td> Iran national football team , Persepolis , Esteghlal </Td> <Td> Association football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> EverBank Field </Td> <Td> 76,867 </Td> <Td> Jacksonville , Florida </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Jacksonville Jaguars </Td> <Td> American football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sports Authority Field at Mile High </Td> <Td> 76,125 </Td> <Td> Denver </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Denver Broncos , Denver Outlaws </Td> <Td> American football , lacrosse </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Atatürk Olympic Stadium </Td> <Td> 76,092 </Td> <Td> Istanbul </Td> <Td> Turkey </Td> <Td> İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi S.K. </Td> <Td> Association football , athletics </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium </Td> <Td> 76,000 </Td> <Td> Fayetteville , Arkansas </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Arkansas Razorbacks football </Td> <Td> American football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Old Trafford </Td> <Td> 75,639 </Td> <Td> Manchester </Td> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> Manchester United F.C. </Td> <Td> Association football , rugby league </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Spartan Stadium </Td> <Td> 75,025 </Td> <Td> East Lansing , Michigan </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Michigan State Spartans football </Td> <Td> American football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Allianz Arena </Td> <Td> 75,024 </Td> <Td> Munich </Td> <Td> Germany </Td> <Td> Bayern Munich , 1860 Munich </Td> <Td> Association football </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium </Td> <Td> 75,000 </Td> <Td> Kochi </Td> <Td> India </Td> <Td> Indian Cricket Team , Kerala cricket team , FC Kochin , Malabar United FC , Viva Kerala FC , Kerala Blasters FC </Td> <Td> Association football , cricket </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cairo International Stadium </Td> <Td> 75,000 </Td> <Td> | The biggest NFL stadium in the United States is | [
"MetLife Stadium"
] | 1,231 | What's the biggest nfl stadium in the united states? |
-693847391395525804 | Library Literature and information science - wikipedia <H1> Library Literature and information science </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> Library Literature and Information Science is a bibliographic database that indexes over 410 library and information science periodicals published internationally . It also covers books , chapters within books , library school theses , and pamphlets . In 2011 , the H.W. Wilson Company , the firm that created the index , sold it to EBSCO Publishing along with other H.W. Wilson indexes and databases . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Coverage </Li> <Li> 2 References </Li> <Li> 3 External links </Li> <Li> 4 Other important databases covering library and information science </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Coverage ( edit ) </H2> <P> Bibliographical indexing from 1984 to present . Full - text coverage from 1997 , but start date varies for each publication . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Eberhart , George ( 2011 - 06 - 03 ) . `` The Merger of the Century : EBSCO Acquires H.W. Wilson '' . American Libraries . American Library Association . Retrieved 2017 - 12 - 13 . In a surprise announcement June 2 ( 2011 ) , two of the leading names in digital reference publishing told their library customers that they have merged to strengthen the value of their databases and print resources . EBSCO Publishing , a subsidiary of EBSCO Industries founded in 1944 and headquartered in Ipswich , Massachusetts , has acquired the staff and product lines of the H.W. Wilson Company , founded in 1898 and located in the Bronx , New York , since 1917 . Terms of the transaction were not disclosed . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Homepage </Li> </Ul> <H2> Other important databases covering library and information science ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Dissertations Abstracts </Li> <Li> ERIC </Li> <Li> INSPEC </Li> <Li> Library and Information Science Abstracts ( LISA ) </Li> <Li> Library , Information Science & Technology Abstracts </Li> <Li> Social Sciences Citation Index </Li> <Li> Web of Science </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Library_Literature_and_Information_Science&oldid=815292448 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Library science journals </Li> <Li> Bibliographic databases and indexes </Li> <Li> Information science </Li> <Li> EBSCO Industries </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 13 December 2017 , at 23 : 57 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> | Library literature and information science is a type of | [
"bibliographic database"
] | 28 | What type of database is library literature and information science? |
4019335299699332844 | From Russia with Love ( soundtrack ) - wikipedia <H1> From Russia with Love ( soundtrack ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> From Russia with Love </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Soundtrack album by John Barry </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 1963 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> March 1963 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 34 : 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> United Artists ( LP ) Liberty ( 1980 's LP Reissue ) EMI Manhattan Records ( CD ) Capitol ( 2002 CD Re-release ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer </Th> <Td> Frank Collura ( Reissue ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> John Barry chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> ' The Cool Mikado ' </Td> <Td> From Russia with Love </Td> <Td> ' Zulu ' </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> James Bond soundtrack chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Dr. No ( 1962 ) Dr. No 1962 </Td> <Td> From Russia with Love ( 1963 ) From Russia with Love1963 </Td> <Td> Goldfinger ( 1964 ) Goldfinger 1964 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Professional ratings </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Review scores </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Source </Th> <Th> Rating </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> AllMusic </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> From Russia with Love is the soundtrack for the second James Bond film of the same name . This is the first series film with John Barry as the primary soundtrack composer . </P> <P> John Barry , arranger of Monty Norman 's `` James Bond Theme '' for Dr. No , would be the dominant Bond series composer for most of its history and the inspiration for fellow series composer , David Arnold ( who uses cues from this soundtrack in his own for Tomorrow Never Dies ) . The theme song was composed by Lionel Bart of Oliver ! fame and sung by Matt Monro . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Production </Li> <Li> 2 Album and cover versions </Li> <Li> 3 Track listing </Li> <Li> 4 Outside the Film </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 Notes </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> Following the decision of the producers not to use Monty Norman , though keeping his `` James Bond Theme '' , Harry Saltzman decided on using the then popular Lionel Bart of Oliver ! fame . Bart was unable to read or write music , but he offered to compose the music and lyrics for a title song to the film . </P> <P> The producers chose John Barry to score the film . Barry had not only arranged and conducted the `` James Bond Theme '' from the previous film , but had already scored some films such as Beat Girl and Never Let Go . Barry 's group also charted at No. 13 in the November 1962 UK charts with a different arrangement of the Bond theme from that heard in the film . </P> <P> The title song was sung by Matt Monro . Monro 's vocal version is played during the film ( as source music on a radio ) and properly over the film 's end titles . The title credit music is a lively instrumental version of the tune preceded by a brief Barry - composed `` James Bond is Back '' then segueing into the `` James Bond Theme '' . On the original film soundtrack , Alan Haven played a jazzy organ over the theme but this version was not released on the soundtrack album . The tune also appears in a soft string arrangement as a theme for Tania . In Germany , the original release featured an end title track cover version called Die Wolga ist Weit sung by Ruthe Berlé . </P> <P> Originally planning to use local Turkish music as Norman had used Jamaican music on Dr No , Barry accompanied the film crew to Istanbul , however he found nothing suitable for the film . </P> <P> Recalling his visit to Istanbul , John Barry said , `` It was like no place I 'd ever been in my life . ( The Trip ) was supposedly to seep up the music , so Noel Rogers and I used to go ' round to these nightclubs and listen to all this stuff . We had the strangest week , and really came away with nothing , except a lot of ridiculous stories . We went back , talked to Lionel , and then he wrote ' From Russia with Love . ' ' </P> <P> There are different tracks of Turkish - type music in the film that do not appear on the soundtrack ( the track `` Leila Dances '' is not heard in the film ) . </P> <P> In this film , Barry introduced the percussive `` 007 '' that came to be considered the ' secondary James Bond Theme ' . Barry 's instrumental group The John Barry Seven had had a UK chart hit with a cover version of Elmer Bernstein 's The Magnificent Seven ; both that tune and `` 007 '' featured seven beats . It is used in various Bond films starring Sean Connery and also in Moonraker , starring Roger Moore . The arrangement appears twice on this soundtrack album ; the second version , titled `` 007 Takes the Lektor '' , is the one used during the gunfight at the gypsy camp and also during Bond 's theft of the Lektor decoding machine ( the soundtrack album version is not heard in the film ) . </P> <P> The completed film features a holdover from Norman 's Dr. No music -- the post-rocket - launch music from Dr. No ( after Bond disrupts Dr. No 's attempts to jam the takeoff ) appears in From Russia with Love at the conclusion of the helicopter attack , and also at SPECTRE 's attempt to intercept Bond 's speedboat . This cue is absent from the From Russia with Love soundtrack album . The original Barry arrangement of the `` James Bond Theme '' for Dr. No was inserted by the producers in the film when Bond searches his room in Istanbul for microphones . Barry did a new arrangement of the theme used when Bond leaves London and flies into Istanbul titled `` James Bond with Bongos '' that Billy Strange did a cover version of for the US charts . </P> <P> Barry noted that Bart 's lyrics used the film 's title , but had nothing to do with the film 's story , a matter he would rectify when he was assigned the next Bond film , 1964 's Goldfinger , which was the first Bond film for which he had total creative control over the soundtrack , including the theme song 's music ( Leslie Bricusse and Anthony Newley would contribute the theme 's lyrics ) . </P> <P> Barry 's `` Stalking '' , the music for the pre-credit sequence , is echoed by composer Marvin Hamlisch in his score for the 1977 Bond film The Spy Who Loved Me . </P> <H2> Album and cover versions ( edit ) </H2> <P> The soundtrack 's original recordings are thought to be lost and did not appear when the Bond soundtrack albums were issued in remastered form on CD . The album is different from the film with the album 's recording of the main titles sounding slower and not featuring the organ played by Alan Haven . Several tracks on the album do not appear in the completed film . The album was the last of the Bond soundtrack albums to feature more than the usual six tracks per record side . </P> <P> The soundtrack album reached No. 28 on the Variety charts in March 1964 with the title song becoming Unart Music 's most recorded song . Other cover versions of the `` James Bond Theme '' were also released to coincide with the film . Barry also released different cover versions of the title song and `` 007 '' on his Ember records for the pop charts . The Roland Shaw Orchestra performed cover versions of most of the music of Barry 's soundtrack on several albums . </P> <H2> Track listing ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> `` Opening Titles : James Bond Is Back / From Russia with Love / James Bond Theme '' ( different arrangement from that heard in the film ) </Li> <Li> `` Tania Meets Klebb '' </Li> <Li> `` Meeting in St. Sophia '' </Li> <Li> `` The Golden Horn '' * </Li> <Li> `` Girl Trouble '' </Li> <Li> `` Bond Meets Tania '' </Li> <Li> `` 007 '' </Li> <Li> `` Gypsy Camp '' </Li> <Li> `` Death of Grant '' </Li> <Li> `` From Russia with Love '' -- Matt Monro </Li> <Li> `` Spectre Island '' </Li> <Li> `` Guitar Lament '' * </Li> <Li> `` Man Overboard / SMERSH in Action '' </Li> <Li> `` James Bond with Bongos '' </Li> <Li> `` Stalking '' </Li> <Li> `` Leila Dances '' * </Li> <Li> `` Death of Kerim '' </Li> <Li> `` 007 Takes the Lektor '' </Li> </Ol> <P> * Not heard in the film </P> <H2> Outside the film ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> In 1965 , KYW - TV in Philadelphia adopted the `` 007 Takes The Lektor '' track as its longtime theme for its Eyewitness News format . It went on to be used in other Group W stations in Boston , Pittsburgh , Baltimore and San Francisco for their newscasts . Two years later , `` 007 Takes The Lektor '' would be recycled for further Bond use , in the autogyro scene in You Only Live Twice . </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Outline of James Bond </Li> </Ul> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ contains the `` James Bond Theme '' , originally composed for the Dr. No soundtrack </Li> </Ol> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ p. 282 Thompson , Gordon Please Please Me : Sixties British Pop Inside Out 2008 Oxford University Press </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Ruthe Berlé : Die Wolga ist weit ( FRWL ) '' . YouTube . 10 June 2009 . Retrieved 16 February 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ p. 36 Smith , Jim & Lavington , Steven Bond Films 2002 Virgiin Books </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Burlingame , Jon ( 2012 - 11 - 01 ) . The Music of James Bond . Oxford University Press . p. 25 . ISBN 9780199986767 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ p. 125 Lindner , Christop The James Bond Phenonomon : A Critical Reader 2004 Manchester University Press </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> James Bond music </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Themes </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` James Bond Theme '' ( Monty Norman ) </Li> <Li> `` James Bond Is Back '' ( John Barry ) </Li> <Li> `` 007 Theme '' ( John Barry ) </Li> <Li> `` On Her Majesty 's Secret Service '' ( John Barry ) </Li> <Li> `` Bond 77 '' ( Marvin Hamlisch ) </Li> <Li> `` James Bond Theme '' ( Moby ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Soundtracks </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dr. No </Li> <Li> From Russia with Love </Li> <Li> Goldfinger </Li> <Li> Thunderball </Li> <Li> You Only Live Twice </Li> <Li> On Her Majesty 's Secret Service </Li> <Li> Diamonds Are Forever </Li> <Li> Live and Let Die </Li> <Li> The Man with the Golden Gun </Li> <Li> The Spy Who Loved Me </Li> <Li> Moonraker </Li> <Li> For Your Eyes Only </Li> <Li> Octopussy </Li> <Li> A View to a Kill </Li> <Li> The Living Daylights </Li> <Li> Licence | The theme song from the James Bond movie "From Russia with Love" was sung by | [
"Matt Monro"
] | 542 | Who sang the theme song from russia with love? |
5267267408295554461 | Chicago Tylenol murders - wikipedia <H1> Chicago Tylenol murders </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Chicago Tylenol Killings </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Chicago metropolitan area , United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> September 29 / 30 , 1982 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Target </Th> <Td> Tylenol consumers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Attack type </Th> <Td> Poisoning , mass murder </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Weapons </Th> <Td> Cyanide poison </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Deaths </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Perpetrator </Th> <Td> Unknown </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Motive </Th> <Td> Unknown </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Chicago Tylenol murders were a series of poisoning deaths resulting from drug tampering in the Chicago metropolitan area in 1982 . The victims had all taken Tylenol - branded acetaminophen capsules that had been laced with potassium cyanide . A total of seven people died in the original poisonings , with several more deaths in subsequent copycat crimes . </P> <P> These incidents led to reforms in the packaging of over-the - counter substances and to federal anti-tampering laws . The actions of Johnson & Johnson to reduce deaths and warn the public of poisoning risks have been widely praised as an exemplary public relations response to such a crisis . </P> <P> No suspect was ever charged or convicted of the poisonings . New York City resident James William Lewis was considered the prime suspect , and was convicted of extortion for sending a letter to Johnson & Johnson that took credit for the deaths and demanded $1 million to stop them . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Incidents </Li> <Li> 2 Investigations <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Suspects </Li> <Li> 2.2 Ongoing investigations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Aftermath <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Copycats </Li> <Li> 3.2 Johnson & Johnson response </Li> <Li> 3.3 Pharmaceutical changes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 Further reading </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Incidents ( edit ) </H2> <P> On the morning of September 29 , 1982 , twelve - year - old Mary Kellerman of Elk Grove Village , Illinois , died after taking a capsule of Extra-Strength Tylenol . Elsewhere in the Chicago area , Adam Janus of Arlington Heights , Illinois , died in hospital later that day , for unknown reasons at first -- which would later be discovered as including the ingestion of Tylenol . Shortly thereafter , Adam Janus ' brother , Stanley , and sister - in - law , Theresa , of Lisle , Illinois , also died sometime after gathering to mourn his death . Investigations later revealed they had also consumed pills from the same Tylenol bottle . In the coming days , Mary McFarland of Elmhurst , Illinois , Paula Prince of Chicago , and Mary Reiner of Winfield also died in similar incidents . Subsequent investigations by police soon discovered a common denominator : all the victims had recently taken Tylenol . Tylenol samples from each case were examined , and discovered to have been tainted with cyanide . Having now determined the cause of death , police issued urgent warnings via the media , and also sent patrols through the greater Chicago metropolitan area and suburbs issuing warnings over loudspeakers to discontinue use of all Tylenol products . </P> <P> Police , knowing that various sources of Tylenol were tampered with , ruled out manufacturers , as the tampered - with bottles came from different pharmaceutical companies -- and the seven deaths had all occurred in the Chicago area , so sabotage during production , was ruled out . Instead , police concluded that they were likely looking for a culprit who was believed to have acquired bottles of Tylenol from various retail outlets . Furthermore , they concluded the source was most likely supermarkets and drug stores , over a period of several weeks , with the culprit likely adding the cyanide to the capsules , then methodically returning to the stores to place the bottles back on the shelves . In addition to the five bottles that led to the victims ' deaths , three other tampered - with bottles were later discovered . </P> <P> In a concerted effort to reassure the public , Johnson & Johnson distributed warnings to hospitals and distributors and halted Tylenol production and advertising . On October 5 , 1982 , it issued a nationwide recall of Tylenol products ; an estimated 31 million bottles were in circulation , with a retail value of over US $100 million . The company also advertised in the national media for individuals not to consume any of its products that contained acetaminophen after it was determined that only these capsules had been tampered with . Johnson & Johnson offered to exchange all Tylenol capsules already purchased by the public for solid tablets . </P> <H2> Investigations ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Suspects ( edit ) </H3> <P> During the initial investigations , a man named James William Lewis sent a letter to Johnson & Johnson demanding $1 million to stop the cyanide - induced murders . Police were unable to link him with the crimes , as he and his wife were living in New York City at the time . He was convicted of extortion , served 13 years of a 20 - year sentence , and was released in 1995 on parole . WCVB Channel 5 of Boston reported that court documents , released in early 2009 , `` show Department of Justice investigators concluded Lewis was responsible for the poisonings , despite the fact that they did not have enough evidence to charge him '' . Lewis has consistently denied all responsibility for the poisonings for several years . </P> <P> A second man , Roger Arnold , was investigated and cleared of the killings . He had a nervous breakdown due to the media attention , which he blamed on Marty Sinclair , a bar owner . In the summer of 1983 , Arnold shot and killed John Stanisha , whom he mistook for Sinclair . Stanisha was an unrelated man who did not know Arnold . Arnold was convicted in January 1984 and served 15 years of a 30 - year sentence for second - degree murder . He died in June 2008 . </P> <P> In early 1983 , at the FBI 's request , Chicago Tribune columnist Bob Greene published the address and grave location of the first and youngest victim , Mary Kellerman . The story -- written with the Kellerman family 's consent -- was proposed by FBI criminal analyst John Douglas on the theory that the perpetrator might visit the house or gravesite if he were made aware of their locations . Both sites were kept under 24 - hour surveillance for several months , but the killer did not surface . </P> <P> Laurie Dann , who poisoned and shot people in a May 1988 rampage in and around Winnetka , Illinois , was briefly considered as a suspect , but no direct connection was found . </P> <H3> Ongoing investigations ( edit ) </H3> <P> In early January 2009 , Illinois authorities renewed the investigation . Federal agents searched the home of James Lewis in Cambridge , Massachusetts , and seized a number of items . In Chicago , an FBI spokesman declined to comment but said `` we 'll have something to release later possibly '' . Law enforcement officials have received a number of tips related to the case coinciding with its anniversary . In a written statement , the FBI explained , </P> <P> This review was prompted , in part , by the recent 25th anniversary of this crime and the resulting publicity . Further , given the many recent advances in forensic technology , it was only natural that a second look be taken at the case and recovered evidence . </P> <P> In January 2010 , both Lewis and his wife submitted DNA samples and fingerprints to authorities . Lewis stated `` if the FBI plays it fair , I have nothing to worry about '' . </P> <P> On May 19 , 2011 , the FBI requested DNA samples from `` Unabomber '' Ted Kaczynski in connection to the Tylenol murders . Kaczynski denied having ever possessed potassium cyanide . The first four Unabomber crimes happened in Chicago and its suburbs from 1978 to 1980 , and Kaczynski 's parents had a suburban Chicago home in Lombard , Illinois , in 1982 , where he stayed occasionally . </P> <P> In 2011 , Scott Bartz , a Johnson & Johnson whistle - blower and former employee , claimed the poisoned Tylenol had actually been tampered with somewhere along the repackaging and distribution links in Tylenol 's supply chain , rather than at retail locations . </P> <H2> Aftermath ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Copycats ( edit ) </H3> <P> Hundreds of copycat attacks involving Tylenol , other over-the - counter medications , and other products also took place around the United States immediately following the Chicago deaths . </P> <P> Three more deaths occurred in 1986 from tampered gelatin capsules . A woman died in Yonkers , New York , after ingesting `` Extra-Strength Tylenol capsules laced with cyanide '' . Excedrin capsules in Washington state were tampered with , resulting in the deaths of Susan Snow and Bruce Nickell from cyanide poisoning and the eventual arrest and conviction of Nickell 's wife , Stella , of crimes connected to both deaths That same year , Procter & Gamble 's Encaprin was recalled after a spiking hoax in Chicago and Detroit that resulted in a precipitous sales drop and a withdrawal of the pain reliever from the market . </P> <H3> Johnson & Johnson response ( edit ) </H3> <P> Johnson & Johnson received positive coverage for its handling of the crisis ; for example , an article in The Washington Post said , `` Johnson & Johnson has effectively demonstrated how a major business ought to handle a disaster '' . The article further stated that `` this is no Three Mile Island accident in which the company 's response did more damage than the original incident '' , and applauded the company for being honest with the public . In addition to issuing the recall , the company established relations with the Chicago Police Department , the FBI , and the Food and Drug Administration . This way it could have a part in searching for the person who laced the capsules and they could help prevent further tamperings . While at the time of the scare the company 's market share collapsed from thirty - five percent to eight percent , it rebounded in less than a year , a move credited to the company 's prompt and aggressive reaction . In November , it reintroduced capsules but in a new , triple - sealed package , coupled with heavy price promotions and within several years , Tylenol had the highest market share for the over-the - counter analgesic in the U.S. </P> <H3> Pharmaceutical changes ( edit ) </H3> <P> The 1982 incident inspired the pharmaceutical , food , and consumer product industries to develop tamper - resistant packaging , such as induction seals and improved quality control methods . Moreover , product tampering was made a federal crime . The new laws resulted in Stella Nickell 's conviction in the Excedrin tampering case , for which she was sentenced to ninety years in prison . </P> <P> Additionally , the incident prompted the pharmaceutical industry to move away from capsules , which were easy to contaminate as a foreign substance could be placed inside without obvious signs of tampering . Within the year , the FDA introduced more stringent regulations to avoid product tampering . This led to the eventual replacement of the capsule with the solid `` caplet '' , a tablet made in the shape of a capsule , as a drug delivery form and with the addition of tamper - evident safety - seals to bottles | This case of product tampering occurred in | [
"the Chicago metropolitan area"
] | 121 | Where did this case of product tampering occur? |
8095779539186493860 | Commonwealth ( U.S. State ) - wikipedia <H1> Commonwealth ( U.S. State ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about a nomenclature of U.S. states . For U.S. insular areas designated as `` Commonwealths '' , see Commonwealth ( U.S. insular area ) . For other uses , see Commonwealth . Main article : U.S. state The four U.S. states ( red ) that refer to themselves with the term `` Commonwealth '' . <P> Commonwealth is a designation used by four of the 50 states of the United States in their full official state names : Kentucky ( the law creating Kentucky names it the `` State of Kentucky '' but it was originally part of the land grant of the Colony of Virginia ) , Massachusetts , Pennsylvania , and Virginia . Each was , prior to 1776 , a British colony , or parts thereof , and share a strong influence of English common law in some of their laws and institutions . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Definition </Li> <Li> 2 States <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Kentucky </Li> <Li> 2.2 Massachusetts </Li> <Li> 2.3 Pennsylvania </Li> <Li> 2.4 Virginia </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 Notes </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Definition ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Administrative divisions of the United States </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First level </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> State ( Commonwealth ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Federal district </Li> <Li> Territory ( Commonwealth ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Indian reservation ( list ) / Hawaiian home land / Alaska Native tribal entity / Pueblo / Off - reservation trust land </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Second level </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> County / Parish / Borough </Li> <Li> Unorganized Borough / Census area / Villages / District ( USVI ) / District ( AS ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Consolidated city - county </Li> <Li> Independent city </Li> <Li> Municipality </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Unorganized atoll </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> State - recognized tribes </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Third level </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cities , towns , and villages </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Civil township </Li> <Li> Coterminous municipality </Li> <Li> Survey township </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Barrio </Li> <Li> Chapter </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fourth level </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ward </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other areas </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Protected areas ( Conservation district , National Monument , National Park ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Congressional district </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Homeowner association </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Associated state </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Military base </Li> <Li> Federal enclave </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Unincorporated area </Li> <Li> Ghost town </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The term `` commonwealth '' does not describe or provide for any specific political status or legal relationship when used by a state . Those that do use it are equal to those that do not . A traditional English term for a political community founded for the common good , it is used symbolically to emphasize that these states have a `` government based on the common consent of the people '' as opposed to one legitimized through their earlier colonial status that was derived from the British crown . It refers to the common `` wealth '' , or welfare , of the public and is derived from a loose translation of the Latin term res publica . </P> <P> Criminal charges in these four states are brought in the name of the `` commonwealth '' . </P> <P> Besides the four aforementioned states , other states have also , on occasion , used the term `` commonwealth '' to refer to themselves : </P> <Ul> <Li> Vermont uses the term `` commonwealth '' three times in its Constitution , interchangeably with the term `` state '' . </Li> <Li> Delaware was primarily referred to as a `` state '' in its 1776 Constitution , however , the term `` commonwealth '' was also used in one of its articles . </Li> </Ul> <P> Two U.S. territories are also designated as a `` commonwealth '' : Puerto Rico and the Northern Mariana Islands . When used in connection with areas under U.S. sovereignty that are not states , the term broadly describes an area that is self - governing under a constitution of its own adoption and whose right of self - government will not be unilaterally withdrawn by the United States Congress . </P> <H2> States ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Kentucky ( edit ) </H3> <P> On September 28 , 1786 , the residents of Kentucky County began petitioning the Virginia legislature for permission to become a `` free and independent state , to be known by the name of the Commonwealth of Kentucky '' . On June 1 , 1792 , Kentucky County officially became a state . As in Virginia , the official title of the elected local prosecutor in each of Kentucky 's political subdivisions is the `` Commonwealth 's Attorney , '' as opposed to State 's Attorney in other States or the more standard District Attorney . Kentucky is the only state outside of the first 13 that uses commonwealth in its name . </P> <H3> Massachusetts ( edit ) </H3> <P> Massachusetts is officially named `` The Commonwealth of Massachusetts '' by its constitution . The name `` State of Massachusetts Bay '' was used in all acts and resolves up to 1780 and the first draft of the constitution . The current name can be traced to the second draft of the state constitution , which was written by John Adams and ratified in 1780 . </P> <P> In Massachusetts , the term State is occasionally used in an official manner , but usually in a compound structure rather than as a stand - alone noun . This is evident in the name of the agency `` Massachusetts State Police , '' the Massachusetts State House and in `` Bridgewater State Hospital '' . </P> <H3> Pennsylvania ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Seal of Pennsylvania does not use the term , but legal processes are in the name of the Commonwealth and it is a traditional official designation used in referring to the state . In 1776 , Pennsylvania 's first state constitution referred to it as both `` Commonwealth '' and `` State '' , a pattern of usage that was perpetuated in the constitutions of 1790 , 1838 , 1874 , and 1958 . One of Pennsylvania 's two intermediate appellate courts is called the `` Commonwealth Court '' . </P> <H3> Virginia ( edit ) </H3> <P> The name `` Commonwealth of Virginia '' dates back to its independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain . Virginia 's first constitution ( adopted on June 29 , 1776 ) directed that `` Commissions and Grants shall run , In the Name of the commonwealth of Virginia , and bear test by the Governor with the Seal of the Commonwealth annexed . '' The Secretary of the Commonwealth still issues commissions in this manner . </P> <P> Among other references , the constitution furthermore dictated that criminal indictments were to conclude `` against the peace and dignity of the Commonwealth '' . Additionally , the official title of the elected local prosecutor in each of Virginia 's political subdivisions is the `` Commonwealth 's Attorney '' , as opposed to State 's Attorney in other States or the more standard District Attorney . </P> <P> In Virginia , the term state is sometimes used in an official manner , but usually in a compound structure rather than as a stand - alone noun . This is evident in the name of the agency `` Virginia State Corporation Commission '' and in `` Virginia State Police '' , and as in the name of `` Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University '' . The state university in Richmond is known as `` Virginia Commonwealth University '' ; there is also a `` Virginia State University '' , located in Ettrick . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Crown colony </Li> <Li> Proprietary colony </Li> </Ul> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ cf . the 17th - century Commonwealth of England . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Note that In California , Colorado , Illinois , Michigan , and New York , criminal charges are brought in the name of the `` People '' . In all the other states , they are brought in the name of the `` State '' . Regardless of state , federal criminal charges are always brought in the name of the `` United States of America '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ A detailed history describing the origins of Pennsylvania 's government , including its designation as a commonwealth from colonial times , is available from the Secretary of the Commonwealth 's office . </Li> </Ol> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Third Constitution of Kentucky ( 1850 ) , Article 2 , Section 1 ff . Other portions of the same Constitution refer to the `` State of Kentucky '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ United States Congress . `` Public Statutes at Large of the United States of America '' . Statutes at Large : 1st Congress . p. 189 . Retrieved June 4 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts '' . Preamble of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts . Massachusetts General Court . Retrieved 27 October 2016 . , </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Constitution of Pennsylvania , Preamble , </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Hornbook of Virginia History , 4th ed. , page 88 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Paul Reinsch . English Common Law in the Early American colonies . Ph. D. thesis . Un. of Wisconsin . 1898 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ William E. Nelson . The Common Law in Colonial America . Vol . I. Oxford University Press . 2008 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` 7 fam 1120 Acquisition of U.S. Nationality in U.S. Territories and Possessions '' ( PDF ) . U.S. Department of State Foreign Affairs Manual Volume 7 - Consular Affairs . U.S. Department of State . January 3 , 2013 . Retrieved December 13 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ See `` Commonwealth '' , The Columbia Encyclopedia , Sixth Edition , 2001 -- 07 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language , Fourth Edition , 2000 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The Constitution of the State of Vermont , Chapter II , § § 1 , 8 , and 71 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Constitution of Delaware ( 1776 ) , Art . 23 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ CIS : State Symbols </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ PHMC : Pennsylvania History Archived April 3 , 2006 , at the Wayback Machine . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` History of DOS '' ( PDF ) . Retrieved 2012 - 01 - 04 . </Li> </Ol> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_(U.S._state)&oldid=819412022 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Forms of government </Li> <Li> Government of Kentucky </Li> <Li> Government of Massachusetts </Li> <Li> Government of Pennsylvania </Li> <Li> Government of Virginia </Li> <Li> Subdivisions of the United States </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Webarchive template wayback links </Li> <Li> All articles with unsourced statements </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from June 2017 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> | There are four US states that are officially known as commonwealths, and they are Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and | [
"Virginia"
] | 101 | How many us states are commonwealths and which states are they? |
-1739221498934438491 | The Detour ( TV series ) - wikipedia <H1> The Detour ( TV series ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Detour </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Comedy </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jason Jones </Li> <Li> Samantha Bee </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jason Jones </Li> <Li> Natalie Zea </Li> <Li> Ashley Gerasimovich </Li> <Li> Liam Carroll </Li> <Li> Daniella Pineda </Li> <Li> Laura Benanti </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Rob Kolar </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 32 ( list of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jason Jones </Li> <Li> Samantha Bee </Li> <Li> Brennan Shroff </Li> <Li> Tony Hernandez ( Season 2 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Larry Rapaport ( Pilot ) </Li> <Li> Matthew Spiegel ( Season 1 ) </Li> <Li> David Bausch ( Season 2 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Georgia ( Season 1 ) </Li> <Li> New York ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Alaska ( Season 3 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Editor ( s ) </Th> <Td> Edward Chin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Camera setup </Th> <Td> Single - camera </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 22 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> TBS Productions ( Season 1 ) </Li> <Li> Randy & Pam 's Quality Entertainment ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> JAX Media ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Studio T ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Nomadic Productions ( Season 3 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> Warner Bros. Television Distribution </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> TBS </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Picture format </Th> <Td> 16 : 9 HDTV </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> April 11 , 2016 ( 2016 - 04 - 11 ) -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> External links </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Website </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Detour is an American comedy television series created by Jason Jones and Samantha Bee about a family vacation road trip . The series premiered on TBS on April 11 , 2016 . The show was renewed for a second season on April 6 , 2016 , five days prior to the series premiere . The second season premiered on February 21 , 2017 . On April 25 , 2017 , TBS renewed the series for a third season . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Premise </Li> <Li> 2 Cast <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Recurring </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Development </Li> <Li> 4 Episodes <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Series overview </Li> <Li> 4.2 Season 1 ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> 4.3 Season 2 ( 2017 ) </Li> <Li> 4.4 Season 3 ( 2018 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Broadcast </Li> <Li> 6 Reception </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Premise ( edit ) </H2> <P> The series follows Nate Parker , Jr . ( Jason Jones ) , his wife Robin Randall ( Natalie Zea ) , and their kids Delilah ( Ashley Gerasimovich ) and Jared ( Liam Carroll ) as they drive from their home in Syracuse , New York , to Florida for a family vacation . The trip experiences several dramatic delays such as car trouble , run - ins with law enforcement , unforeseen medical mishaps , and intervening locals . Additionally , it is revealed that Nate caused some professional trouble before leaving Syracuse and has ulterior motives for the Florida trip , fueling flashbacks and a framing device involving several law - enforcement agencies and an interrogation into his unspecified crimes . </P> <P> Season 2 , the family settles in New York City as Nate finds a new career but more trouble as pieces of Robin 's past begin to resurface including her relationship with her father , wanted felon J.R. Randall ( James Cromwell ) . The framing device is once again present , with the couple now under interrogation by the United States Postal Inspection Service as an attempt to get at J.R. , led by the overzealous ( and very pregnant ) Agent Edie ( Laura Benanti ) . </P> <P> Season 3 sees the family flee to Alaska . The framing remains but with Nate and Robin discussing their case with their lawyer , Joe Delicious ( Max Casella ) . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Jason Jones as Nate Parker Jr . </Li> <Li> Natalie Zea as Robin Randall </Li> <Li> Ashley Gerasimovich as Delilah Parker </Li> <Li> Liam Carroll as Jared ( Jareb ) Parker </Li> <Li> Daniella Pineda as Vanessa Randall </Li> <Li> Mary Grill as Federal Agent Mary ( Main Season 1 , Guest Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Laura Benanti as USPIS Agent Edie Randall ( Recurring Season 2 , Main Season 3 ) </Li> </Ul> <H3> Recurring ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Phil Reeves as Gene </Li> <Li> Jeffrey Vincent Parise as Carlos ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Tom Amandes as Dr. Rob ( Season 1 ) </Li> <Li> Judge Reinhold as Davey ( Season 1 ) </Li> <Li> Maz Jobrani as Gupta ( Season 1 ) </Li> <Li> Weronika Rosati as Oksana ( Season 1 ) </Li> <Li> Wayne Caparas as Lobsong ( Season 1 ) </Li> <Li> James Cromwell as Jack `` J.R. '' Randall ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Mamoudou Athie as USPIS Agent Carl ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Max Casella as Joe Delicious ( Season 2 - 3 ) </Li> <Li> Darin Cooper as ICE Agent ( Season 1 ) </Li> <Li> Vince Foster as USDA Agent ( Season 1 ) </Li> <Li> Deja Dee as DEA Agent ( Season 1 ) </Li> <Li> Taylor Kowalski as Billy Evans ( Season 1 ) </Li> <Li> Adam Boyer as Morris ( Season 1 ) </Li> <Li> Denitra Isler as Latisha ( Season 1 ) </Li> <Li> Mary Kraft as Shelly </Li> <Li> Angelina Lewis as Svetlana ( Season 1 ) </Li> <Li> Paul Cuneo as Carl ( Season 1 ) </Li> <Li> Sebastian Greco as Caleb ( Season 1 ) </Li> <Li> Britt Rentschler as Melissa ( Season 1 ) </Li> <Li> Samuel Vielma as Marco ( Season 1 ) </Li> <Li> Jonathan D. Williams as Paul ( Season 1 ) </Li> <Li> Jeff Blumenkrantz as Lars ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Teddy Canez as Conrad ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Donshea Hopkins as Chase ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Marceline Hugot as Judith ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Catrina Ganey as Judge ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Meredith Henderhan as Stenographer ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Saverio Guerra as Paddy Greenberg ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Paloma Guzman as Carlita ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Perry Yung as Zhi ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Erik King as Harris ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Jocelyn Bioh as Isabel ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Kevin Townley as Martin ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Akira Ito as IRS Drone ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Jim Santangeli as SWAT Officer ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Amy Shiels as Nicole ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Souleymane Sy Savane as African Man ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Dave Hanson as Agent Randy ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Richard Nwaoko as Bobby ( Season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Fletcher Bee - Jones as Young Nate </Li> <Li> Samantha Bee as Nate 's Mother </Li> <Li> Caitlynne Medrek as Nurse ( Season 3 ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <P> TBS ordered the pilot , written by Jason Jones and Samantha Bee in October 2014 . The show is based on the real life couple 's own experience with family vacations . </P> <P> It was picked up for ten episodes in February 2015 . On April 6 , 2016 , the show was renewed for a second season before the premiere . </P> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Series overview ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Season </Th> <Th> Episodes </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Originally aired </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First aired </Th> <Th> Last aired </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> April 11 , 2016 ( 2016 - 04 - 11 ) </Td> <Td> May 30 , 2016 ( 2016 - 05 - 30 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> February 21 , 2017 ( 2017 - 02 - 21 ) </Td> <Td> April 25 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 25 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> January 23 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 23 ) </Td> <Td> March 27 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 27 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Season 1 ( 2016 ) ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Th> Prod . code </Th> <Th> U.S. viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` The Pilot '' </Td> <Td> Steve Pink </Td> <Td> Jason Jones & Samantha Bee </Td> <Td> April 11 , 2016 ( 2016 - 04 - 11 ) </Td> <Td> 101 </Td> <Td> 1.166 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Nate , Robin and the kids are headed from Syracuse to Ft . Lauderdale in a janky minivan instead of flying . Among truckers , aggressive drivers , and roadside breakfast spots , the family learns nothing on the road is what it seems . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` The Hotel '' </Td> <Td> Steve Pink </Td> <Td> Jason Jones </Td> <Td> April 11 , 2016 ( 2016 - 04 - 11 ) </Td> <Td> 102 </Td> <Td> 1.043 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` The Tank '' </Td> <Td> Steve Pink </Td> <Td> Mike Beaver </Td> <Td> April 18 , 2016 ( 2016 - 04 - 18 ) </Td> <Td> 103 </Td> <Td> 0.841 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` The Restaurant '' </Td> <Td> Brennan Shroff </Td> <Td> Jason Jones </Td> <Td> April 25 , 2016 ( 2016 - 04 - 25 ) </Td> <Td> 104 </Td> <Td> 0.863 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5 </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` The B & B '' </Td> <Td> Jeff Tomsic </Td> <Td> Samantha Bee </Td> <Td> May 2 , 2016 ( 2016 - 05 - 02 ) </Td> <Td> 105 </Td> <Td> 0.771 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` The Wedding '' </Td> <Td> Jeff Tomsic </Td> <Td> Neena Beber </Td> <Td> May 9 , 2016 ( 2016 - 05 - 09 ) </Td> <Td> 106 </Td> <Td> 0.843 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 7 </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> `` The Road '' </Td> <Td> Jason Jones </Td> <Td> Jason Jones </Td> <Td> May 16 , 2016 ( 2016 - 05 - 16 ) </Td> <Td> 107 </Td> <Td> 0.695 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 8 </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> `` The Drop '' </Td> <Td> Joe Kessler </Td> <Td> Chad Carter </Td> <Td> May 23 , 2016 ( 2016 - 05 - 23 ) </Td> <Td> 108 </Td> <Td> 0.837 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 9 </Th> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> `` The Track '' </Td> <Td> Jeff Tomsic </Td> <Td> Brennan Shroff </Td> <Td> May 30 , 2016 ( 2016 - 05 | Season 3 of The Detour was filmed in | [
"Alaska"
] | 249 | Where is season 3 of the detour filmed? |
4989141810567668595 | Kaley Cuoco - wikipedia <H1> Kaley Cuoco </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Kaley Cuoco </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Cuoco in July 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Kaley Christine Cuoco ( 1985 - 11 - 30 ) November 30 , 1985 ( age 32 ) Camarillo , California , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other names </Th> <Td> Kaley Cuoco - Sweeting </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Actress </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1992 -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spouse ( s ) </Th> <Td> Ryan Sweeting ( m . 2013 ; div. 2016 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Kaley Christine Cuoco ( / ˈkeɪli ˈkwoʊkoʊ / KAY - lee KWOH - koh ; born November 30 , 1985 ) is an American actress . After a series of supporting film and television roles in the late 1990s , she landed her breakthrough role as Bridget Hennessy on the ABC sitcom 8 Simple Rules , on which she starred from 2002 to 2005 . Thereafter , Cuoco appeared as Billie Jenkins on the final season of the television series Charmed ( 2005 -- 2006 ) . Since 2007 , she has starred as Penny on the CBS sitcom The Big Bang Theory , for which she has received Satellite , Critics ' Choice , and People 's Choice Awards . Cuoco 's film work includes roles in To Be Fat like Me ( 2007 ) , Hop ( 2011 ) and Authors Anonymous ( 2014 ) . She received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2014 . In October 2017 , Cuoco founded Yes , Norman Productions . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early life </Li> <Li> 2 Career </Li> <Li> 3 Personal life </Li> <Li> 4 Filmography <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Film </Li> <Li> 4.2 Television </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Awards and nominations </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early life </H2> <P> Cuoco was born in Camarillo , California , the elder daughter of Layne Ann ( Wingate ) , a homemaker , and Gary Carmine Cuoco , a realtor . Her father is of Italian descent while her mother is of English and German ancestry . Her sister , Briana , competed on the fifth season of The Voice . As a child , Cuoco was a regionally ranked amateur tennis player , a sport she took up when she was 3 years old . She stopped playing at the age of 16 . </P> <H2> Career </H2> <P> Cuoco made her first feature film appearance as the young Karin Carter in the 1995 action thriller Virtuosity . From 2000 to 2001 , Cuoco appeared on the CBS sitcom Ladies Man and in 2000 she portrayed former The Brady Bunch star Maureen McCormick in the TV movie Growing Up Brady as well as starring in the Disney Channel original film Alley Cats Strike . In September 2002 , Cuoco began a starring role as Bridget Hennessy on the ABC sitcom 8 Simple Rules . Bridget was the oldest child , despite Cuoco being six years younger than Amy Davidson , who played her younger sister . Because of low ratings , ABC canceled the series on May 17 , 2005 . </P> Cuoco at the San Diego Comic - Con in July 2009 <P> In addition to the final season of 8 Simple Rules , Cuoco had starring roles on the NBC miniseries 10.5 , the ABC Family original movie Crimes of Fashion , the independent film Debating Robert Lee , and in the film The Hollow at the same time She also voiced the character of Brandy Harrington , a 14 - year - old anthropomorphic mixed - breed dog , on the Disney Channel cartoon Brandy and Mr. Whiskers . Cuoco voiced the character of Kirstee Smith in Bratz from 2004 to 2005 . In the eighth season of the TV show Charmed , Cuoco appeared as Billie Jenkins , a powerful young witch with the powers of telekinesis and projection . Executive producer Brad Kern stated that Cuoco 's character was initially brought in as a possible spin - off . </P> <P> In September 2007 , Cuoco began starring in the CBS sitcom The Big Bang Theory , playing Penny , a Cheesecake Factory employee and aspiring actress who lives across the hall from physicists Dr. Leonard Hofstadter and Dr. Sheldon Cooper . Prior to the 2010 -- 2011 season , she earned $60,000 an episode for the series , the same as her co-stars . In 2010 , the cast negotiated a raise for each actor to make $200,000 per episode . On September 13 , 2010 , she broke her leg in a horse - riding accident and missed two episodes of the series . In late October 2012 , Cuoco enlisted the help of her sister Briana to organize a flash mob on the set of the show , in which she and the cast and crew surprised the studio audience by suddenly lip syncing and dancing to Carly Rae Jepsen 's song `` Call Me Maybe '' . A video of the event was posted on YouTube and became a viral success . A clip from the performance was also played during Cuoco 's January 8 , 2013 appearance on the late night talk show Conan . As of August 2014 , Cuoco and her co-stars from The Big Bang Theory Johnny Galecki and Jim Parsons , each earn an estimated $1 million per episode . </P> Cuoco at PaleyFest in March 2013 <P> Cuoco starred in the Lifetime film To Be Fat like Me , which premiered on January 8 , 2007 . She played a minor role in the Prison Break episodes `` The Message '' and `` Chicago '' , as well as starring in the comedy horror spoof Killer Movie in 2008 . She also appeared in the 2010 film The Penthouse . In 2011 , Cuoco appeared in Allure magazine 's annual `` Naked Truth '' feature . That same year , she appeared in the films Hop and The Last Ride . She was also chosen to host the Teen Choice Awards in 2011 , as well as the People 's Choice Awards in 2012 and 2013 . Cuoco is a regular on Priceline.com commercials as the daughter of William Shatner 's character . </P> <P> In October 2017 , Cuoco founded Yes , Norman Productions , a film and television production company which entered an exclusive multi-year first look production deal with Warner Bros. Television . The company optioned the rights to The Flight Attendant , a book written by author Chris Bohjalian , which will be developed into an limited series , with Cuoco to star and executive produce . </P> <H2> Personal life </H2> <P> While working on The Big Bang Theory , Cuoco privately dated co-star Johnny Galecki for roughly two years until December 2009 , while their characters on the show were also dating . She told CBS Watch in September 2010 that they have remained on good terms since ending their relationship . She became engaged to addiction specialist Josh Resnik in October 2011 , but they ended their engagement by March 2012 . Cuoco subsequently became engaged to professional tennis player Ryan Sweeting in September 2013 , after three months of dating . They married on December 31 , 2013 , in Santa Susana , California . On September 25 , 2015 , it was announced that the two decided to divorce . The divorce was finalized in May 2016 . Following the split , she began dating equestrian Karl Cook in late 2015 . They became engaged on November 30 , 2017 , Cuoco 's 32nd birthday . </P> <P> Cuoco received significant media attention surrounding a remark she made in an interview with Redbook magazine . When asked if she considered herself a feminist , Cuoco responded : </P> <P> Is it bad if I say no ? I was never that feminist girl demanding equality , but maybe that 's because I 've never really faced inequality ... I cook for Ryan five nights a week : it makes me feel like a housewife . I love that . I know it sounds old - fashioned , but I like the idea of women taking care of their men . </P> <P> In subsequent interviews , Cuoco has apologized for and retracted these statements , telling Cosmopolitan magazine , `` of course I 'm a fucking feminist . Look at me . I bleed feminism . '' </P> <H2> Filmography </H2> <H3> Film </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Quicksand : No Escape </Td> <Td> Connie Reinhardt </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1995 </Td> <Td> Virtuosity </Td> <Td> Karin Carter </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1997 </Td> <Td> Picture Perfect </Td> <Td> Little girl </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1997 </Td> <Td> Toothless </Td> <Td> Lori </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1998 </Td> <Td> Mr. Murder </Td> <Td> Charlotte Stillwater </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> Alley Cats Strike </Td> <Td> Elisa Bowers </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> Growing Up Brady </Td> <Td> Maureen McCormick </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> Ca n't Be Heaven </Td> <Td> Teresa Powers </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 </Td> <Td> Merry Mickey Celebration , AA Merry Mickey Celebration </Td> <Td> Herself </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Debating Robert Lee </Td> <Td> Maralee Rodgers </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Crimes of Fashion </Td> <Td> Brooke Sarto </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Hollow , The The Hollow </Td> <Td> Karen </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 </Td> <Td> Lucky 13 </Td> <Td> Sarah Baker </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> Separated at Worth </Td> <Td> Gabby </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> Wasted </Td> <Td> Katie Cooning </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 </Td> <Td> Bratz : Passion 4 Fashion -- Diamondz </Td> <Td> Kirstee Smith </Td> <Td> Voice </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> To Be Fat like Me </Td> <Td> Alyson Schmidt </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 </Td> <Td> Cougar Club </Td> <Td> Amanda </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 </Td> <Td> Killer Movie </Td> <Td> Blanca Champion </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Penthouse , The The Penthouse </Td> <Td> Erica Roc </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> Hop </Td> <Td> Samantha O'Hare </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> Last Ride , The The Last Ride </Td> <Td> Wanda </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> Authors Anonymous </Td> <Td> Hannah Rinaldi </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> The Wedding Ringer </Td> <Td> Gretchen Palmer </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> Burning Bodhi </Td> <Td> Katy </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 </Td> <Td> Alvin and the Chipmunks : The Road Chip </Td> <Td> Eleanor </Td> <Td> Voice </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 </Td> <Td> Why Him ? </Td> <Td> Justine ( AI ) </Td> <Td> Voice </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2017 </Td> <Td> Handsome : A Netflix Mystery Movie </Td> <Td> Herself </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Television </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1994 </Td> <Td> My So - Called Life </Td> <Td> Young Angela Chase </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Father Figures '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1994 </Td> <Td> Northern Exposure </Td> <Td> Miranda </Td> <Td> Episode : `` Hello , I Love You '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ellen </Td> <Td> Little Ellen Morgan </Td> <Td> Episode : `` The Bubble Gum Incident '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> Do n't Forget Your Toothbrush </Td> <Td> Ashley </Td> <Td> Episode : `` 12 March | The actress who plays Penny on The Big Bang Theory is | [
"Kaley Christine Cuoco"
] | 111 | Who is the actress that plays penny on the big bang theory? |
-6244540977142172176 | </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Albuquerque </Td> <Td> New Mexico </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Amarillo </Td> <Td> Texas </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Anchorage </Td> <Td> Alaska </Td> <Td> 90 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Annette Island </Td> <Td> Alaska </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Atlanta </Td> <Td> Georgia </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Boise </Td> <Td> Idaho </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Boston </Td> <Td> Massachusetts </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Casper </Td> <Td> Wyoming </Td> <Td> 47 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Charleston </Td> <Td> South Carolina </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Charleston </Td> <Td> West Virginia </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Charlotte </Td> <Td> North Carolina </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chicago </Td> <Td> Illinois </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cleveland </Td> <Td> Ohio </Td> <Td> 60 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Concord </Td> <Td> New Hampshire </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dallas </Td> <Td> Texas </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dayton </Td> <Td> Ohio </Td> <Td> 29 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Denver </Td> <Td> Colorado </Td> <Td> 50 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Des Moines </Td> <Td> Iowa </Td> <Td> 50 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Detroit </Td> <Td> Michigan </Td> <Td> 50 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Duluth </Td> <Td> Minnesota </Td> <Td> 97 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fairbanks </Td> <Td> Alaska </Td> <Td> 100 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fargo </Td> <Td> North Dakota </Td> <Td> 83 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Hartford </Td> <Td> Connecticut </Td> <Td> 57 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Helena </Td> <Td> Montana </Td> <Td> 67 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Honolulu </Td> <Td> Hawaii </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Huntington </Td> <Td> West Virginia </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Indianapolis </Td> <Td> Indiana </Td> <Td> 28 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lexington </Td> <Td> Kentucky </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Little Rock </Td> <Td> Arkansas </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Los Angeles </Td> <Td> California </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Louisville </Td> <Td> Kentucky </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Marquette </Td> <Td> Michigan </Td> <Td> 90 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Massena </Td> <Td> New York </Td> <Td> 77 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miami </Td> <Td> Florida </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Milwaukee </Td> <Td> Wisconsin </Td> <Td> 60 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Minneapolis </Td> <Td> Minnesota </Td> <Td> 77 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nashville </Td> <Td> Tennessee </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Newark </Td> <Td> New Jersey </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New York City </Td> <Td> New York </Td> <Td> 22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Oklahoma City </Td> <Td> Oklahoma </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Omaha </Td> <Td> Nebraska </Td> <Td> 44 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Philadelphia </Td> <Td> Pennsylvania </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Phoenix </Td> <Td> Arizona </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Pittsburgh </Td> <Td> Pennsylvania </Td> <Td> 33 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Portland </Td> <Td> Maine </Td> <Td> 83 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Portland </Td> <Td> Oregon </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Providence </Td> <Td> Rhode Island </Td> <Td> 37 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rapid City </Td> <Td> South Dakota </Td> <Td> 47 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Reno </Td> <Td> Nevada </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Richmond </Td> <Td> Virginia </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Salt Lake City </Td> <Td> Utah </Td> <Td> 53 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> San Francisco </Td> <Td> California </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Savannah </Td> <Td> Georgia </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Seattle </Td> <Td> Washington </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Spokane </Td> <Td> Washington </Td> <Td> 70 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> St. Louis </Td> <Td> Missouri </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Topeka </Td> <Td> Kansas </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Washington , D.C. </Td> <Td> Federal district </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Wausau </Td> <Td> Wisconsin </Td> <Td> 93 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Wilmington </Td> <Td> Delaware </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> White Christmases in the United Kingdom ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Th> Probability </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> London </Td> <Td> 6 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Birmingham </Td> <Td> 15 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Aberporth </Td> <Td> 9 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Glasgow </Td> <Td> 35 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Aberdeen </Td> <Td> 53 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Belfast </Td> <Td> 22 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Lerwick </Td> <Td> 75 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bradford </Td> <Td> 14 % ( since 1971 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> St Mawgan </Td> <Td> 10 % ( since 1957 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> In the United Kingdom , white Christmases were more common from the 1550s to the 1850s , during the Little Ice Age ; the last frost fair on the River Thames , however , was in the winter of 1813 -- 14 . The shift from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar in 1752 also slightly reduced the chance of a white Christmas , effectively moving Christmas earlier in the winter . An `` official '' white Christmas is defined by the Met Office as `` one snowflake to be observed falling in the 24 hours of 25 December somewhere in the UK '' , but formerly the snow had to be observed at the Met Office building in London . By the newer measure , over half of all years have white Christmases , with snow being observed 38 times in the 54 years to 2015 . A more `` traditional '' idea of snow - covered ground is less common , however , with only 4 occasions in the 51 years to 2015 reporting snow on the ground at 9am at more than 40 % of weather stations . </P> <P> Although most places in the UK do tend to see some snow in the winter , it generally falls in January and February . However white Christmases do occur , on average every 6 years . </P> <P> Christmas 2009 was a white Christmas in some parts of Britain , with thick lying snow which easterly winds had brought over the previous week . Travel over much of Britain was badly affected by ice and snow on roads , and was made more slippery by partial daytime thaw followed by overnight refreezing . It was the first white Christmas anywhere in the United Kingdom since 2004 . </P> <H2> White Christmases in Ireland ( edit ) </H2> <P> In Ireland , the prospect of early winter snow is always remote due to the country 's mild and wet climate ( snowfall is most common in January and February ) . Bookmakers offer odds every year for a white Christmas , which is officially lying snow being recorded at 09 : 00 local time on Christmas Day , and recorded at either Dublin Airport or Cork Airport ( bets are offered for each airport ) . Since 1961 , countrywide , snow has fallen on 17 Christmas Days ( 1961 , 1962 , 1964 , 1966 , 1970 , 1980 , 1984 , 1990 , 1993 , 1995 , 1998 , 1999 , 2000 , 2001 , 2004 , 2009 and 2010 ) , with nine of these having snow lying on the ground at 09 : 00 ( 1964 , 1970 , 1980 , 1993 , 1995 , 1999 , 2004 , 2009 and 2010 ) . The maximum amount of lying snow ever recorded on Christmas Day was 27 cm ( 11 in ) at Casement Aerodrome in 2010 . </P> <P> At Dublin Airport , there have been 12 Christmas Days with snowfall since 1941 ( 1950 , 1956 , 1962 , 1964 , 1970 , 1984 , 1990 , 1993 , 1995 , 1999 , 2000 and 2004 ) . The statistical likelihood of snow falling on Christmas Day at Dublin Airport is approximately once every 5.9 years . However , the only Christmas Day at the airport ever to have lying snow at 09 : 00 was 2010 ( although no snow actually fell that day ) , with 20 cm ( 7.9 in ) recorded . </P> <H2> White Christmases in Romania ( edit ) </H2> <P> White Christmases in Romania have been rare in recent times , and they will likely continue so , due to the geographic position of Romania and climate change . In recent years , blizzard and snow falls usually start in January and they usually end at the beginning of March . However , at high altitudes , white Christmases are very common . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Th> Probability </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bucharest </Td> <Td> 75 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Iași </Td> <Td> 80 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Timişoara </Td> <Td> 70 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cluj Napoca </Td> <Td> 85 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Constanţa </Td> <Td> 65 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miercurea Ciuc </Td> <Td> 90 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Craiova </Td> <Td> 75 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Braşov </Td> <Td> 85 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Satu Mare </Td> <Td> 75 % </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> White Christmases in Poland ( edit ) </H2> <P> The last White Christmas in Kraków was in 2010 . Rzeszów had a White Christmas in 2016 , the first since 2011 . </P> <H2> White Christmases in other parts of Europe ( edit ) </H2> <P> In Europe , snow at Christmas is common in Norway , Sweden , Finland , the Baltic states , Russia , Ukraine , Belarus , and northeastern Poland . In general , due to the influence of the warm Gulf Stream on European climate , chances of a white Christmas are lower the further west . For example , in southern France a white Christmas is very rare , while in Bucharest , Romania , which is at a similar latitude , it is much more likely . Northern Italy and the mountain regions of central - south Italy may also have a white Christmas . In cities such as Turin , Milan or Bologna a Christmas with falling snow or snow on the ground is not a rarity . White Christmases are also common in the Carpathian Mountains , as well as the Alps . </P> <H2> Southern Hemisphere ( edit ) </H2> <P> Because Christmas occurs during the summer in the Southern Hemisphere , white Christmases are especially rare events there , apart from Antarctica which is generally uninhabited . In 2006 , a snowstorm hit the Snowy Mountains in New South Wales and Victoria , arriving on Christmas Morning and bringing nearly 12 in ( 30 cm ) of snow in higher areas . This was an especially rare event because it occurred during Australia 's typically warm summer . In New Zealand 's Southern Alps snow can fall any day of the year and a white Christmas is very possible . The same situation can be seen at the Andes at elevations above 4000msl , with some locations on the Bolivian altiplano such as El Alto having the theorical possibility of a white Christmas . A white Christmas in the Southern Hemisphere ( specifically those close to Antarctica ) is approximately equivalent to having snow in the Northern Hemisphere on 25 June , and in some ways is even less likely because the major population centers in the Northern Hemisphere tend to be farther from the equator than those in the Southern Hemisphere . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` White Christmas ? '' . National Climatic Data Center . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . 20 August 2008 . Retrieved 2010 - 12 - 25 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Chances vary for a white Christmas '' . CBC News . 24 December 2010 . Retrieved 2010 - 12 - 25 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Will it be a white Christmas ? '' . Met Office . 5 April 2012 . Retrieved 2012 - 11 - 11 | The last time it snowed in England on Christmas Day was in | [
"2009"
] | 2,625 | When was the last time it snowed in england on christmas day? |
-435045979542112632 | Princes in the Tower - wikipedia <H1> Princes in the Tower </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> </P> The Two Princes Edward and Richard in the Tower , 1483 by Sir John Everett Millais , 1878 , part of the Royal Holloway picture collection . Edward V at right wears the garter of the Order of the Garter beneath his left knee . <P> `` The Princes in the Tower '' is an expression frequently used to refer to Edward V , King of England and Richard of Shrewsbury , Duke of York . The two brothers were the only sons of Edward IV of England and Elizabeth Woodville surviving at the time of their father 's death in 1483 . When they were 12 and 9 years old , respectively , they were lodged in the Tower of London by the man appointed to look after them , their uncle , the Lord Protector : Richard , Duke of Gloucester . This was supposedly in preparation for Edward 's forthcoming coronation as king . However , Richard took the throne for himself and the boys disappeared . </P> <P> It is unclear what happened to the boys after they disappeared in the Tower . It is generally assumed that they were murdered ; a common hypothesis is that they were killed by Richard in an attempt to secure his hold on the throne . Their death may have occurred some time in 1483 , but apart from their disappearance , the only evidence is circumstantial . As a result , several other hypotheses about their fates have been proposed , including the suggestion that they were murdered by Henry Stafford , 2nd Duke of Buckingham or Henry VII , among others . It has also been suggested that one or both princes may have escaped assassination . In 1487 , Lambert Simnel initially claimed to be Richard , Duke of York , but later claimed to be Edward Plantagenet , 17th Earl of Warwick . From 1491 until his capture in 1497 , Perkin Warbeck claimed to be Richard , Duke of York , having supposedly escaped to Flanders . Warbeck 's claim was supported by some contemporaries ( including the aunt of the disappeared princes , Margaret of York ) . </P> <P> In 1674 , workmen at the Tower dug up a wooden box containing two small human skeletons . The bones were found in the ground near the White Tower , which is close to one reported site of their burial . The bones were widely accepted at the time as those of the princes , but this has not been proven and is far from certain . King Charles II had the bones buried in Westminster Abbey . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Disappearance </Li> <Li> 3 Evidence <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Rumours </Li> <Li> 3.2 Early writers </Li> <Li> 3.3 Bodies <Ul> <Li> 3.3. 1 Tower of London </Li> <Li> 3.3. 2 St George 's Chapel </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Theories <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Richard III </Li> <Li> 4.2 Henry Stafford , 2nd Duke of Buckingham </Li> <Li> 4.3 Henry VII </Li> <Li> 4.4 Other suspects </Li> <Li> 4.5 Other claims </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Impact </Li> <Li> 6 In popular culture <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Literature <Ul> <Li> 6.1. 1 Fiction </Li> <Li> 6.1. 2 Non-fiction </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6.2 Television </Li> <Li> 6.3 Anime </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> </Ul> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> On 9 April 1483 , Edward IV of England died unexpectedly after an illness lasting around three weeks . At the time , Edward 's son , the new King Edward V , was at Ludlow Castle , and the dead king 's brother , Richard , Duke of Gloucester , was at Middleham Castle in Yorkshire . The news reached Gloucester around 15 April , although he may have been forewarned of Edward 's illness . It is reported that he then went to York Minster to publicly `` pledge his loyalty to his new king '' . The Croyland Chronicle states that , before his death , Edward IV designated his brother Gloucester as Lord Protector . Edward 's request may not have mattered , however , since `` as the precedent of Henry V showed , the council was not bound to follow the wishes of a dead king '' . </P> <P> Edward V and Gloucester set out for London from the west and north respectively , meeting at Stony Stratford on 29 April . The following morning , Gloucester arrested Edward 's retinue including the boys ' uncle , Anthony Woodville , 2nd Earl Rivers , and their half - brother Sir Richard Grey . They were sent to Pontefract Castle in Yorkshire where , on 25 June , they were beheaded . Gloucester then took possession of the prince himself , prompting Elizabeth Woodville to take her other son , Richard , Duke of York , and her daughters into sanctuary at Westminster Abbey . </P> <P> Edward V and Gloucester arrived in London together . Plans continued for Edward 's coronation , but the date was postponed from 4 May to 25 June . On 19 May 1483 Edward was lodged in the Tower of London , then the traditional residence of monarchs prior to coronation . On 16 June , he was joined by his younger brother Richard , Duke of York , who was previously in sanctuary . At this point the date of Edward 's coronation was indefinitely postponed by their uncle , Gloucester . On Sunday 22 June , a sermon was preached at Saint Paul 's Cross claiming Gloucester to be the only legitimate heir of the House of York . On 25 June , `` a group of lords , knights and gentlemen '' petitioned Richard to take the throne . Both princes were subsequently declared illegitimate by Parliament ; this was confirmed in 1484 by an Act of Parliament known as Titulus Regius . The act stated that Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville 's marriage was invalid because of Edward 's pre-contract of marriage with Lady Eleanor Butler . Gloucester was crowned King Richard III of England on 3 July . The declaration of the boys ' illegitimacy has been described by Rosemary Horrox as an ex post facto justification for Richard 's accession . </P> <H2> Disappearance ( edit ) </H2> <P> Dominic Mancini , an Italian friar who visited England in the 1480s and who was in London in the spring and summer of 1483 , recorded that after Richard III seized the throne , Edward and his younger brother Richard were taken into the `` inner apartments of the Tower '' and then were seen less and less until they disappeared altogether . Mancini records that during this period Edward was regularly visited by a doctor , who reported that Edward , `` like a victim prepared for sacrifice , sought remission of his sins by daily confession and penance , because he believed that death was facing him . '' The Latin reference to `` Argentinus medicus '' , was originally translated as `` a Strasbourg doctor '' ; however , D.E. Rhodes suggests it may actually refer to `` Doctor Argentine '' , whom Rhodes identifies as John Argentine , an English physician who would later serve as provost of King 's College , Cambridge , and as doctor to Arthur , Prince of Wales , eldest son of King Henry VII of England ( Henry Tudor ) . </P> <P> There are reports of the two princes being seen playing in the Tower grounds shortly after Richard joined his brother , but there are no recorded sightings of either of them after the summer of 1483 . An attempt to rescue them in late July failed . Their fate remains an enduring mystery . </P> <P> Many historians believe the princes were murdered , some suggesting that the act may have happened towards the end of summer 1483 . Maurice Keen argues that the rebellion against Richard in 1483 initially `` aimed to rescue Edward V and his brother from the Tower before it was too late '' , but that , when the Duke of Buckingham became involved , it shifted to support of Henry Tudor because `` Buckingham almost certainly knew that the princes in the Tower were dead . '' Alison Weir proposes 3 September 1483 as a potential date ; however , Weir 's work has been criticised for `` arriving at a conclusion that depends more on her own imagination than on the uncertain evidence she has so misleadingly presented . '' </P> <P> Sir Clements Markham suggests the princes may have been alive as late as July 1484 , pointing to the regulations issued by Richard III 's household which stated : `` the children should be together at one breakfast '' . James Gairdner , however , argues that it is unclear to whom the phrase `` the children '' alludes , and that it may not have been a reference to the princes . It may refer to Edward , Earl of Warwick ( son of the Duke of Clarence ) and Edward IV 's two youngest daughters ( Catherine and Bridget ) , all of whom were living under Richard 's care at Sheriff Hutton . </P> <H2> Evidence ( edit ) </H2> King Edward V and the Duke of York in the Tower of London by Paul Delaroche . The theme of innocent children awaiting an uncertain fate was popular amongst 19th - century painters . Edward V is again depicted wearing the Order of the Garter . Louvre , Paris . <P> Other than their disappearance , there is no direct evidence that the princes were murdered , and `` no reliable , well - informed , independent or impartial sources '' for the associated events . Nevertheless , following their disappearance , rumours quickly spread that they had been murdered . Only one contemporary narrative account of the boys ' time in the tower exists : that of Dominic Mancini . ( Mancini 's account was not discovered until 1934 , in the Municipal Library in Lille . Later accounts written after the accession of Henry Tudor are often claimed to be biased or influenced by Tudor propaganda . ) </P> <P> Four unidentified bodies have been found which are considered possibly connected with the events of this period : two at the Tower of London and two in Saint George 's Chapel , Windsor Castle . Those found in the Tower were buried in Westminster Abbey , but the Abbey authorities have refused to allow either set of remains to be subjected to DNA analysis to positively identify them as the remains of the princes . </P> <H3> Rumours ( edit ) </H3> <P> Several sources suggest there were rumours of the princes ' deaths in the time following their disappearance . Rumours of murder also spread to France . In January 1484 Guillaume de Rochefort , Lord Chancellor of France , urged the Estates General to `` take warning '' from the fate of the princes , as their own king , Charles VIII , was only 13 . The early reports , including that of Rochefort , Philippe de Commines ( French politician ) , Caspar Weinreich ( contemporary German chronicler ) and Jan Allertz ( Recorder of Rotterdam ) , all state that Richard killed the princes before he seized the throne ( thus before June 1483 ) . De Commines ' Memoirs ( c. 1500 ) , however , identifies the Duke of Buckingham as the person `` who put them to death '' . </P> <P> Only Mancini 's account is truly contemporary , having been written in London before November 1483 . The Croyland Chronicle and de Commines ' account were written three and seventeen years later , respectively ( and thus after Richard III 's death and the accession of Henry VII ) . Markham , writing | The father of the Princes in the Tower was | [
"Edward IV of England"
] | 104 | Who was the father of the princes in the tower? |
-1580637763990313083 | Muhammad Ali - Wikipedia <H1> Muhammad Ali </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` Cassius Clay '' and `` Mohammad Ali '' redirect here . For other names , see Cassius Marcellus Clay and Mohammad Ali ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Muhammad Ali </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Ali in 1967 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr . ( 1942 - 01 - 17 ) January 17 , 1942 Louisville , Kentucky , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> June 3 , 2016 ( 2016 - 06 - 03 ) ( aged 74 ) Scottsdale , Arizona , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cause of death </Th> <Td> Septic shock </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Resting place </Th> <Td> Cave Hill Cemetery , Louisville , Kentucky , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Monuments </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Muhammad Ali Center </Li> <Li> Muhammad Ali Mural , Los Angeles , CA </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other names </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Greatest </Li> <Li> The People 's Champion </Li> <Li> The Louisville Lip </Li> <Li> The King of Boxing </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Education </Th> <Td> Central High School ( 1958 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Criminal charge </Th> <Td> Draft evasion </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Criminal penalty </Th> <Td> Five years in prison ( not served ) , fined $10,000 and banned from boxing for three years </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Criminal status </Th> <Td> Conviction overturned </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spouse ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sonji Roi ( m . 1964 ; div. 1966 ) </Li> <Li> Belinda Boyd ( m . 1967 ; div. 1977 ) </Li> <Li> Veronica Porché Ali ( m . 1977 ; div. 1986 ) </Li> <Li> Yolanda Williams ( m . 1986 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Children </Th> <Td> 9 , including Laila Ali </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Parent ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cassius Marcellus Clay Sr . </Li> <Li> Odessa Grady Clay </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Relatives </Th> <Td> Rahman Ali ( brother ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Awards </Th> <Td> List of awards ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Ring magazine Fighter of the Year ( 6 × ) </Li> <Li> Ring heavyweight champion ( 3 × ) </Li> <Li> lineal heavyweight champion ( 3 × ) </Li> <Li> WBC heavyweight champion ( 2 × ) </Li> <Li> WBA heavyweight champion ( 3 × ) </Li> <Li> NABF heavyweight champion ( 3 × ) </Li> <Li> AAU champion ( 2 × ) </Li> <Li> National Golden Gloves champion ( 2 × ) </Li> <Li> Kentucky Golden Gloves champion ( 6 × ) </Li> <Li> Olympic light heavyweight champion </Li> <Li> Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year </Li> <Li> Associated Press Athlete of the Year </Li> <Li> International Press Athlete of the Year </Li> <Li> Ring Magazine Fight of the Year ( 6 × ) </Li> <Li> BWAA Fighter of the Year ( 3 × ) </Li> <Li> Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Century </Li> <Li> BBC Sports Personality of the Century </Li> <Li> CSHL Double Helix Medal Honoree </Li> <Li> Martin Luther King Memorial Award </Li> <Li> Presidential Citizens Medal </Li> <Li> Presidential Medal of Freedom </Li> <Li> International Boxing Hall of Fame </Li> <Li> Hollywood Walk of Fame </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Boxing career </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Statistics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Weight ( s ) </Th> <Td> Heavyweight </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Height </Th> <Td> 6 ft 3 in ( 191 cm ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Reach </Th> <Td> 78 in ( 198 cm ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Stance </Th> <Td> Orthodox </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Boxing record </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total fights </Th> <Td> 61 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Wins </Th> <Td> 56 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Wins by KO </Th> <Td> 37 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Losses </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Medal record ( hide ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> Men 's amateur boxing </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> Representing United States </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> Olympic Games </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1960 Rome </Td> <Td> Light heavyweight </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> muhammadali.com </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Muhammad Ali ( / ɑː ˈliː / ; born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. ; January 17 , 1942 -- June 3 , 2016 ) was an American professional boxer and activist . He is widely regarded as one of the most significant and celebrated sports figures of the 20th century . From early in his career , Ali was known as an inspiring , controversial , and polarizing figure both inside and outside the ring . </P> <P> Clay was born and raised in Louisville , Kentucky , and began training as an amateur boxer when he was 12 years old . At age 18 , he won a gold medal in the light heavyweight division at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome and turned professional later that year . At age 22 in 1964 , he won the WBA , WBC , and lineal heavyweight titles from Sonny Liston in a major upset . Clay then converted to Islam and changed his name from Cassius Clay , which he called his `` slave name '' , to Muhammad Ali . He set an example of racial pride for African Americans and resistance to white domination during the Civil Rights Movement . </P> <P> In 1966 , two years after winning the heavyweight title , Ali further antagonized the white establishment by refusing to be drafted into the U.S. military , citing his religious beliefs and opposition to American involvement in the Vietnam War . He was eventually arrested , found guilty of draft evasion charges , and stripped of his boxing titles . He successfully appealed the decision to the U.S. Supreme Court , which overturned his conviction in 1971 , by which time he had not fought for nearly four years and thereby lost a period of peak performance as an athlete . Ali 's actions as a conscientious objector to the war made him an icon for the larger counterculture generation . </P> <P> Ali is regarded as one of the leading heavyweight boxers of the 20th century , and remains the only three - time lineal heavyweight champion . His records of beating 21 boxers for the world heavyweight title ( shared with Joe Louis ) , as well as winning 14 unified title bouts ( shared with former welterweight champion José Napoles ) , were unbeaten for 35 years . Ali is the only boxer to be named The Ring magazine Fighter of the Year six times . He was also ranked as the greatest athlete of the 20th century by Sports Illustrated , the Sports Personality of the Century by the BBC , and the third greatest athlete of the 20th century by ESPN SportsCentury . Nicknamed `` the Greatest '' , he was involved in several historic boxing matches . Notable among these were the first Liston fight ; the `` Fight of the Century '' , `` Super Fight II '' and the `` Thrilla in Manila '' against his rival Joe Frazier ; and `` The Rumble in the Jungle '' against George Foreman . </P> <P> At a time when most fighters let their managers do the talking , Ali thrived in and indeed craved the spotlight , where he was often provocative and outlandish . He was known for trash talking , and often freestyled with rhyme schemes and spoken word poetry , both for his trash talking in boxing and as political poetry for his activism , anticipating elements of rap and hip hop music . As a musician , Ali recorded two spoken word albums and a rhythm and blues song , and received two Grammy Award nominations . As an actor , he performed in several films and a Broadway musical . Additionally , Ali wrote two autobiographies , one during and one after his boxing career . </P> <P> As a Muslim , Ali was initially affiliated with Elijah Muhammad 's Nation of Islam ( NOI ) and advocated their black separatist ideology . He later disavowed the NOI , adhering to Sunni Islam , practicing Sufism , and supporting racial integration , like his former mentor Malcolm X . </P> <P> After retiring from boxing at age 39 in 1981 , Ali focused on religion and charity . In 1984 , Ali was diagnosed with Parkinson 's syndrome , which his doctors attributed to boxing - related brain injuries . As his condition worsened , Ali made limited public appearances and was cared for by his family until his death on June 3 , 2016 , in Scottsdale , Arizona . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early life and amateur career </Li> <Li> 2 Professional boxing <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Early career </Li> <Li> 2.2 Heavyweight champion </Li> <Li> 2.3 Exile and comeback <Ul> <Li> 2.3. 1 Fantasy fight against Rocky Marciano </Li> <Li> 2.3. 2 Legal vindication </Li> <Li> 2.3. 3 First fight against Joe Frazier </Li> <Li> 2.3. 4 Fights against Wilt Chamberlain , Jerry Quarry , Floyd Patterson , Bob Foster , and Ken Norton </Li> <Li> 2.3. 5 Second fight against Joe Frazier </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.4 Heavyweight champion ( second reign ) </Li> <Li> 2.5 Later career </Li> <Li> 2.6 Ali Beatles history </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Personal life <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Marriages and children </Li> <Li> 3.2 Religion and beliefs <Ul> <Li> 3.2. 1 Affiliation with the Nation of Islam </Li> <Li> 3.2. 2 Later beliefs </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Vietnam War and resistance to the draft <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Impact of Ali 's draft refusal </Li> <Li> 4.2 NSA and FBI monitoring of Ali 's communications </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Later years <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Illness and death </Li> <Li> 5.2 Tributes </Li> <Li> 5.3 Memorial </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Boxing style <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Trash - talk </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Ali and his contemporaries <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Ali and Frazier <Ul> <Li> 7.1. 1 Friendship </Li> <Li> 7.1. 2 Opponents </Li> <Li> 7.1. 3 Trash talk and altercations </Li> <Li> 7.1. 4 Finale </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Legacy <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Ranking in boxing history </Li> <Li> 8.2 Spoken word poetry and music </Li> <Li> 8.3 In the media and popular culture </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Professional boxing record </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 Notes </Li> <Li> 12 References </Li> <Li> 13 Further reading </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early Life and amateur career </H2> <P> Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. ( / ˈkæʃəs / ) was born on January 17 , 1942 , in Louisville , Kentucky . He had a sister and four brothers . He was named for his father , Cassius Marcellus Clay Sr. ( 1912 -- 1990 ) , who himself was named in honor of the 19th - century Republican politician and staunch abolitionist , Cassius Marcellus Clay , also from the state of Kentucky . Clay 's father 's paternal grandparents were John Clay and Sallie Anne Clay ; Clay 's sister Eva claimed that Sallie was a native of Madagascar . He was a descendant of slaves of the antebellum South , and was predominantly of African descent , with smaller amounts of Irish and English heritage . His father painted billboards and signs , and his mother , Odessa O'Grady Clay ( 1917 -- 1994 ) , was a domestic helper . Although Cassius Sr. was a Methodist , he allowed Odessa to bring up both Cassius Jr. and his younger brother Rudolph `` Rudy '' Clay ( later renamed Rahman Ali ) as Baptists . Cassius Jr. attended Central High School in Louisville . </P> <P> Clay grew up amid racial segregation . His mother recalled one occasion when he was denied a drink of water at a store -- `` They would n't | Muhammad Ali won an Olympic gold medal in | [
"1960"
] | 842 | When did muhammad ali win an olympic gold medal? |
-8153368396899020971 | the ten most popular children 's books were by Dahl , including the one in top place . The only other really popular children 's author of the late 1990s was an American , R.L. Stine . Some of the story elements in Philosopher 's Stone resembled parts of Dahl 's stories . For example , the hero of James and the Giant Peach lost his parents and had to live with a pair of unpleasant aunts -- one fat and one thin rather like Mr. and Mrs. Dursley , who treated Harry as a servant . However Harry Potter was a distinctive creation , able to take on the responsibilities of an adult while remaining a child inside . </P> <P> Librarian Nancy Knapp and marketing professor Stephen Brown noted the liveliness and detail of descriptions , especially of shop scenes such as Diagon Alley . Tad Brennan commented that Rowling 's writing resembles that of Homer : `` rapid , plain , and direct in expression . '' Stephen King admired `` the sort of playful details of which only British fantasists seem capable '' and concluded that they worked because Rowling enjoys a quick giggle and then moves briskly forward . </P> <P> Nicholas Tucker described the early Harry Potter books as looking back to Victorian and Edwardian children 's stories : Hogwarts was an old - style boarding school in which the teachers addressed pupils formally by their surnames and were most concerned with the reputations of the houses with which they were associated ; characters ' personalities were plainly shown by their appearances , starting with the Dursleys ; evil or malicious characters were to be crushed rather than reformed , including Filch 's cat Mrs Norris ; and the hero , a mistreated orphan who found his true place in life , was charismatic and good at sports , but considerate and protective towards the weak . Several other commentators have stated that the books present a highly stratified society including many social stereotypes . However Karin Westerman drew parallels with 1990s Britain : a class system that was breaking down but defended by those whose power and status it upheld ; the multi-ethnic composition of Hogwarts ' students ; the racial tensions between the various intelligent species ; and school bullying . </P> <P> Susan Hall wrote that there is no rule of law in the books , as the actions of Ministry of Magic officials are unconstrained by laws , accountability or any kind of legal challenge . This provides an opportunity for Voldemort to offer his own horrific version of order . As a side - effect Harry and Hermione , who were brought up in the highly regulated Muggle world , find solutions by thinking in ways unfamiliar to wizards . For example , Hermione notes that one obstacle to finding the Philosopher 's Stone is a test of logic rather than magical power , and that most wizards have no chance of solving it . </P> <P> Nel suggested that the unflattering characterisation of the extremely conventional , status - conscious , materialistic Dursleys was Rowling 's reaction to the family policies of the British government in the early 1990s , which treated the married heterosexual couple as the `` preferred norm '' , while the author was a single mother . Harry 's relationships with adult and juvenile wizards are based on affection and loyalty . This is reflected in his happiness whenever he is a temporary member of the Weasley family throughout the series , and in his treatment of first Rubeus Hagrid and later Remus Lupin and Sirius Black as father - figures . </P> <H2> Legacy ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Sequels ( edit ) </H3> <P> The second book , Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets , was originally published in the UK on July 2 , 1998 and later , in the US on June 2 , 1999 . Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban was then published a year later in the UK on July 8 , 1999 and in the US on September 8 , 1999 . Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire was published on 8 July 2000 at the same time by Bloomsbury and Scholastic . Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is the longest book in the series at 766 pages in the UK version and 870 pages in the US version . It was published worldwide in English on June 21 , 2003 . Harry Potter and the Half - Blood Prince was published on July 16 , 2005 and sold 11 million copies in the first 24 hours of its worldwide release . The seventh and final novel , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows , was published on July 21 , 2007 . The book sold 11 million copies within 24 hours of its release : 2.7 million copies in the UK and 8.3 million in the US . </P> <H3> Illustrated version ( edit ) </H3> <P> An illustrated version of Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone was released on October 6 , 2015 , with illustrations by Jim Kay . The book carries over 100 illustrations and will be followed by illustrated versions of all seven books from the series by the same artist . </P> <H3> Film version ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone ( film ) <P> In 1999 , Rowling sold the film rights of the first four Harry Potter books to Warner Bros. for a reported £ 1 million ( $1,982,900 ) . Rowling demanded that the principal cast be kept strictly British but allowed for the casting of Irish actors such as the late Richard Harris as Dumbledore and of foreign actors as characters of the same nationalities in later books . After extensive casting , filming began in September 2000 at Leavesden Film Studios and in London , with production ending in July 2001 . Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone was released in London on 14 November 2001 . Reviewers ' comments were positive , as reflected by an 80 % Fresh rating on Rotten Tomatoes and by a score of 64 % at Metacritic , representing `` generally favourable reviews '' . </P> <H3> Video games ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone ( video game ) <P> Five unique video games by different developers were released between 2001 and 2003 by Electronic Arts , that were loosely based on the film and book : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Developer </Th> <Th> Release date </Th> <Th> Platform </Th> <Th> Genre </Th> <Th> GameRankings </Th> <Th> Metacritic </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> KnowWonder </Td> <Td> 15 November 2001 </Td> <Td> Microsoft Windows </Td> <Td> Adventure / puzzle </Td> <Td> 67.35 % </Td> <Td> 65 / 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Argonaut </Td> <Td> PlayStation </Td> <Td> Action - adventure </Td> <Td> 66.98 % </Td> <Td> 64 / 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Griptonite </Td> <Td> Game Boy Color </Td> <Td> Role - playing game </Td> <Td> 73 % </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Game Boy Advance </Td> <Td> Action puzzle </Td> <Td> 68.37 % </Td> <Td> 64 / 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Aspyr </Td> <Td> 28 February 2002 </Td> <Td> Mac OS X </Td> <Td> Adventure / puzzle </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> Port of Windows version </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Warthog </Td> <Td> 9 December 2003 </Td> <Td> GameCube </Td> <Td> Action - adventure </Td> <Td> 63.31 % </Td> <Td> 62 / 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> PlayStation 2 </Td> <Td> 57.90 % </Td> <Td> 56 / 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Xbox </Td> <Td> 61.82 % </Td> <Td> 59 / 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Uses in Education and business ( edit ) </H3> <P> Writers on education and business subjects have used the book as an object lesson . Writing about clinical teaching in medical schools , Jennifer Conn contrasted Snape 's technical expertise with his intimidating behaviour towards students . Quidditch coach Madam Hooch on the other hand , illustrated useful techniques in the teaching of physical skills , including breaking down complex actions into sequences of simple ones and helping students to avoid common errors . Joyce Fields wrote that the books illustrate four of the five main topics in a typical first - year sociology class : `` sociological concepts including culture , society , and socialisation ; stratification and social inequality ; social institutions ; and social theory '' . </P> <P> Stephen Brown noted that the early Harry Potter books , especially Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , were a runaway success despite inadequate and poorly organised marketing . Brown advised marketing executives to be less preoccupied with rigorous statistical analyses and the `` analysis , planning , implementation , and control '' model of management . Instead he recommended that they should treat the stories as `` a marketing masterclass '' , full of enticing products and brand names . For example , a real - world analogue of Bertie Bott 's Every Flavour Beans was introduced under licence in 2000 by toymaker Hasbro . </P> <H2> Release history ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Release date </Th> <Th> Edition ( Hardback / Paperback ) </Th> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Th> Pages </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada </Td> <Td> 1 December 1998 </Td> <Td> Hardback Children 's Edition </Td> <Td> Raincoast </Td> <Td> 223 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Paperback Adult Edition ( Original ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 November 1999 </Td> <Td> Hardback Signature Special Edition </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 31 August 2000 </Td> <Td> Paperback Children 's Edition </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 October 2002 </Td> <Td> Paperback Magic Edition </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4 October 2004 </Td> <Td> Hardback Adult Edition ( Re-issue with new cover ) </Td> <Td> 336 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 January 2011 </Td> <Td> Paperback Adult Edition ( Re-issue with new cover ) </Td> <Td> Bloomsbury </Td> <Td> 223 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Paperback Harry Potter Signature Edition </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 27 August 2013 </Td> <Td> Paperback Adult Edition ( Re-issue with new cover ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> 26 June 1997 </Td> <Td> Hardback Children 's Edition </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Paperback Children 's Edition </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 September 1998 </Td> <Td> Paperback Adult Edition ( Original ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 27 September 1999 </Td> <Td> Hardback Signature Special Edition </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 October 2001 </Td> <Td> Paperback Special Edition </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 July 2004 </Td> <Td> Hardback Adult Edition ( Re-issue with new cover ) </Td> <Td> 336 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4 October 2004 </Td> <Td> Paperback Adult Edition ( Re-issue with new cover ) </Td> <Td> 223 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 November 2010 </Td> <Td> Paperback Harry Potter Signature Edition </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 18 July 2013 </Td> <Td> Paperback Adult Edition ( Re-issue with new cover ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 October 2015 </Td> <Td> Hardcover Illustrated Edition ( Illustrated by Jim Kay ) </Td> <Td> 256 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> 1 September 1998 </Td> <Td> Hardback </Td> <Td> Arthur A. Levine / Scholastic </Td> <Td> 309 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 September 1999 </Td> <Td> Paperback </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 November 2000 </Td> <Td> Hardback Collector 's Edition </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 November 2001 </Td> <Td> Mass Market Paperback </Td> <Td> 400 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> September 2008 </Td> <Td> Paperback ( Exclusive Scholastic School Market Edition ) </Td> <Td> 309 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 October 2008 </Td> <Td> Hardback 10th Anniversary Edition </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 27 August 2013 </Td> <Td> Paperback ( Re-issue with new cover ) </Td> <Td> 336 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 October 2015 </Td> <Td> Hardcover Illustrated Edition ( Illustrated by Jim Kay ) </Td> <Td> 256 </Td> </Tr> | Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone was released on | [
"14 November 2001"
] | 7,329 | When was harry potter and the philosopher's stone made? |
-2976262139241480610 | NBA Defensive Player of the Year award - wikipedia <H1> NBA Defensive Player of the Year award </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th> ( hide ) National Basketball Association awards and honors </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Championship </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> O'Brien Trophy </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Brown Trophy ( defunct ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Individual awards </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> All - Star Game MVP </Li> <Li> Bill Russell Finals MVP </Li> <Li> Coach of the Year </Li> <Li> Defensive Player of the Year </Li> <Li> Executive of the Year </Li> <Li> J. Walter Kennedy Citizenship </Li> <Li> Community Assist Award </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Most Improved Player </Li> <Li> Most Valuable Player </Li> <Li> Rookie of the Year </Li> <Li> Sixth Man of the Year </Li> <Li> Sportsmanship Award </Li> <Li> Twyman -- Stokes Teammate of the Year </Li> <Li> Lifetime Achievement Award </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Honors </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> All - NBA Team </Li> <Li> All - Rookie Team </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> All - Defensive Team </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Michael Jordan is one of four players to have won both an MVP and a Defensive Player of the Year award in their career . David Robinson won the award in the 1991 -- 92 NBA season . Gary Payton is the only point guard to win the award . Dwight Howard has won the award three consecutive times in his career . <P> The NBA 's Defensive Player of the Year Award is an annual National Basketball Association ( NBA ) award given since the 1982 -- 83 NBA season to the best defensive player of the regular season . The winner is selected by a panel of 124 sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States and Canada , each of whom casts a vote for first , second and third place selections . Each first - place vote is worth five points , second - place voted are worth three points , and a third - place vote is worth one . The player with the highest point total , regardless of the number of first - place votes , wins the award . </P> <P> Since its inception , the award has been given to 21 different players . Dikembe Mutombo and Ben Wallace have each won the award a record four times . Dwight Howard is the only player to ever win the award in three consecutive seasons . Sidney Moncrief , Mark Eaton , Dennis Rodman , Hakeem Olajuwon , Alonzo Mourning , and Kawhi Leonard have each won it twice . The most recent award recipient is Draymond Green of the Golden State Warriors . </P> <P> Although five of the first six winners were perimeter players , the award has traditionally been given to big men who rebound and block shots . Only seven perimeter players have been honored : Moncrief , Alvin Robertson , Michael Cooper , Michael Jordan , Gary Payton , Ron Artest ( known now as Metta World Peace ) , and Kawhi Leonard . Payton is the only point guard to have won . Jordan , Olajuwon , David Robinson , and Kevin Garnett are the only Defensive Player of the Year winners to have won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award ( MVP ) during their careers ; Jordan and Olajuwon won both awards in the same season . In Olajuwon 's case , he is the only one to have also won the Bill Russell NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award and the NBA championship in the same season . On four occasions , the Defensive Player of the Year recipient was not voted to the NBA All - Defensive First Team in the same year . Robertson in 1986 , Mutombo ( 1995 ) , Tyson Chandler ( 2012 ) , and Marc Gasol ( 2013 ) were instead named to the second team . Whereas the Defensive Player of the Year is voted on by the media , the All - Defensive teams were voted on by NBA coaches prior to 2014 . </P> <P> No player trained completely outside the U.S. has won this award . Out of the three winners born outside the U.S. , Mutombo and Olajuwon both played U.S. college basketball , and Gasol played U.S. high school basketball . Joakim Noah has played for the France national basketball team , but was born in New York City , and played both high school and college basketball in the U.S. </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Winners </Li> <Li> 2 Multi-time winners </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 Notes </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Winners ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Denotes player who is still active in the NBA </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> * </Td> <Td> Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Player ( X ) </Td> <Td> Denotes the number of times the player has received the award </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Season </Th> <Th> Player </Th> <Th> Position </Th> <Th> Nationality </Th> <Th> Team </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1982 -- 83 </Td> <Th> Moncrief , Sidney Sidney Moncrief </Th> <Td> Guard </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Milwaukee Bucks </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1983 -- 84 </Td> <Th> Moncrief , Sidney Sidney Moncrief ( 2 ) </Th> <Td> Guard </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Milwaukee Bucks </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1984 -- 85 </Td> <Th> Eaton , Mark Mark Eaton </Th> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Utah Jazz </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1985 -- 86 </Td> <Th> Robertson , Alvin Alvin Robertson </Th> <Td> Guard </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> San Antonio Spurs </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1986 -- 87 </Td> <Th> Cooper , Michael Michael Cooper </Th> <Td> Guard / Forward </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Los Angeles Lakers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1987 -- 88 </Td> <Th> Jordan , Michael Michael Jordan * </Th> <Td> Guard </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Chicago Bulls </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1988 -- 89 </Td> <Th> Eaton , Mark Mark Eaton ( 2 ) </Th> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Utah Jazz </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1989 -- 90 </Td> <Th> Rodman , Dennis Dennis Rodman * </Th> <Td> Forward </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Detroit Pistons </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1990 -- 91 </Td> <Th> Rodman , Dennis Dennis Rodman * ( 2 ) </Th> <Td> Forward </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Detroit Pistons </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1991 -- 92 </Td> <Th> Robinson , David David Robinson * </Th> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> San Antonio Spurs </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1992 -- 93 </Td> <Th> Olajuwon , Hakeem Hakeem Olajuwon * </Th> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> Nigeria </Td> <Td> Houston Rockets </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1993 -- 94 </Td> <Th> Olajuwon , Hakeem Hakeem Olajuwon * ( 2 ) </Th> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> Nigeria </Td> <Td> Houston Rockets </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1994 -- 95 </Td> <Th> Mutombo , Dikembe Dikembe Mutombo * </Th> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> Zaire </Td> <Td> Denver Nuggets </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1995 -- 96 </Td> <Th> Payton , Gary Gary Payton * </Th> <Td> Guard </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Seattle SuperSonics </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1996 -- 97 </Td> <Th> Mutombo , Dikembe Dikembe Mutombo * ( 2 ) </Th> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> Zaire </Td> <Td> Atlanta Hawks </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1997 -- 98 </Td> <Th> Mutombo , Dikembe Dikembe Mutombo * ( 3 ) </Th> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> Democratic Republic of the Congo </Td> <Td> Atlanta Hawks </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1998 -- 99 </Td> <Th> Mourning , Alonzo Alonzo Mourning * </Th> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Miami Heat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1999 -- 00 </Td> <Th> Mourning , Alonzo Alonzo Mourning * ( 2 ) </Th> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Miami Heat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2000 -- 01 </Td> <Th> Mutombo , Dikembe Dikembe Mutombo * ( 4 ) </Th> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> Democratic Republic of the Congo </Td> <Td> Philadelphia 76ers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2001 -- 02 </Td> <Th> Wallace , Ben Ben Wallace </Th> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Detroit Pistons </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2002 -- 03 </Td> <Th> Wallace , Ben Ben Wallace ( 2 ) </Th> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Detroit Pistons </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2003 -- 04 </Td> <Th> Artest , Ron Ron Artest </Th> <Td> Forward </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Indiana Pacers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2004 -- 05 </Td> <Th> Wallace , Ben Ben Wallace ( 3 ) </Th> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Detroit Pistons </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2005 -- 06 </Td> <Th> Wallace , Ben Ben Wallace ( 4 ) </Th> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Detroit Pistons </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2006 -- 07 </Td> <Th> Camby , Marcus Marcus Camby </Th> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Denver Nuggets </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2007 -- 08 </Td> <Th> Garnett , Kevin Kevin Garnett </Th> <Td> Forward / Center </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Boston Celtics </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2008 -- 09 </Td> <Th> Howard , Dwight Dwight Howard ^ </Th> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Orlando Magic </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2009 -- 10 </Td> <Th> Howard , Dwight Dwight Howard ^ ( 2 ) </Th> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Orlando Magic </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2010 -- 11 </Td> <Th> Howard , Dwight Dwight Howard ^ ( 3 ) </Th> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Orlando Magic </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 -- 12 </Td> <Th> Chandler , Tyson Tyson Chandler ^ </Th> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> New York Knicks </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2012 -- 13 </Td> <Th> Gasol , Marc Marc Gasol ^ </Th> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> Spain </Td> <Td> Memphis Grizzlies </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2013 -- 14 </Td> <Th> Noah , Joakim Joakim Noah ^ </Th> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> France </Td> <Td> Chicago Bulls </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2014 -- 15 </Td> <Th> Leonard , Kawhi Kawhi Leonard ^ </Th> <Td> Forward </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> San Antonio Spurs </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2015 -- 16 </Td> <Th> Leonard , Kawhi Kawhi Leonard ^ ( 2 ) </Th> <Td> Forward </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> San Antonio Spurs </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2016 -- 17 </Td> <Th> Green , Draymond Draymond Green ^ </Th> <Td> Forward </Td> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Golden State Warriors </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Multi-time winners ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> Player </Th> <Th> Team </Th> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Years </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Dikembe Mutombo </Td> <Td> Denver Nuggets ( 1 ) / Atlanta Hawks ( 2 ) / Philadelphia 76ers ( 1 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1995 , 1997 , 1998 , 2001 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ben Wallace </Td> <Td> Detroit Pistons </Td> <Td> 2002 , 2003 , 2005 , 2006 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Dwight Howard </Td> <Td> Orlando Magic </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2009 , 2010 , 2011 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Sidney Moncrief </Td> <Td> Milwaukee Bucks </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 1983 , 1984 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mark Eaton </Td> <Td> Utah | The NBA Defensive Player of the Year is voted on by | [
"a panel of 124 sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States and Canada"
] | 380 | Who votes for nba defensive player of year? |
-1043054449143427368 | Life Changes ( Thomas Rhett album ) - wikipedia <H1> Life Changes ( Thomas Rhett album ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Life Changes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Studio album by Thomas Rhett </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> September 8 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 08 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Country pop </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Valory </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Thomas Rhett </Li> <Li> Dann Huff </Li> <Li> Jesse Frasure </Li> <Li> Julian Bunetta </Li> <Li> Joe London </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Thomas Rhett chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Tangled Up ( 2015 ) Tangled Up 2015 </Td> <Td> Life Changes ( 2017 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Singles from Life Changes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ol> <Li> `` Craving You '' Released : April 3 , 2017 </Li> <Li> `` Unforgettable '' Released : July 28 , 2017 </Li> <Li> `` Marry Me '' Released : November 20 , 2017 </Li> </Ol> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Professional ratings </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Review scores </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Source </Th> <Th> Rating </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> AllMusic </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Life Changes is the third studio album from American singer Thomas Rhett . Released on September 8 , 2017 through Valory Music Group , Rhett produced the album alongside Dann Huff , Jesse Frasure , Julian Bunetta and Joe London . It includes the chart - topping singles `` Craving You '' with Maren Morris , and Unforgettable . The album debuted at No. 1 with 123,000 album - equivalent units , giving Rhett his first number one album on the Billboard 200 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Singles <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Promotional singles </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Commercial performance </Li> <Li> 3 Awards </Li> <Li> 4 Track listing </Li> <Li> 5 Personnel </Li> <Li> 6 Charts <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Singles ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` Craving You '' , a duet with Maren Morris , was released digitally on March 31 , 2017 as the record 's lead single . It was promoted to country radio on April 3 , 2017 . The song hit number one on both the US Country Airplay chart and the Canada Country chart . </P> <P> The second single , `` Unforgettable '' , was released to radio on July 28 , 2017 . </P> <P> `` Marry Me '' was released to radio on November 20 , 2017 as the album 's third single . </P> <H3> Promotional singles ( edit ) </H3> <P> A promotional single , `` Sixteen '' , was released on August 11 , 2017 . </P> <P> A second promotional single , `` Grave '' , was released on August 18 , 2017 . </P> <P> The title track was released as the third promotional single on September 1 , 2017 . </P> <P> Rhett released a song , titled `` Sweetheart '' , exclusively to Billboard on September 7 , a day ahead of the release of the album . </P> <H2> Commercial performance ( edit ) </H2> <P> Life Changes debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 , giving Rhett his first chart - topping album . It sold 94,000 copies in the first week ( with 123,000 album - equivalent units total ) , Rhett 's best sales and units week . The album is also the first country album to top the Billboard 200 chart in 2017 . It sold a further 20,400 copies in its second week . It has sold 218,200 copies in the United States as of January 2018 . </P> <H2> Awards ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Association </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> Result </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2018 </Td> <Td> Grammy Awards </Td> <Td> Best Country Album </Td> <Td> Pending </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Track listing ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="4"> Life Changes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Writer ( s ) </Th> <Th> Length </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1 . </Td> <Td> `` Craving You '' ( featuring Maren Morris ) </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dave Barnes </Li> <Li> Julian Bunetta </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 3 : 43 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2 . </Td> <Td> `` Unforgettable '' </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Thomas Rhett </Li> <Li> Jesse Frasure </Li> <Li> Ashley Gorley </Li> <Li> Shane McAnally </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 2 : 37 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 3 . </Td> <Td> `` Sixteen '' </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Rhett </Li> <Li> Sean Douglas </Li> <Li> Joe Spargur </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 2 : 58 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 4 . </Td> <Td> `` Drink a Little Beer '' ( featuring Rhett Akins ) </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Rhett Akins </Li> <Li> Frasure </Li> <Li> Ben Hayslip </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 3 : 34 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 . </Td> <Td> `` Marry Me '' </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Rhett </Li> <Li> Frasure </Li> <Li> Gorley </Li> <Li> McAnally </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 3 : 26 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 . </Td> <Td> `` Leave Right Now '' </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Rhett </Li> <Li> Bunetta </Li> <Li> Edward Drewett </Li> <Li> John Henry Ryan </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 3 : 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 . </Td> <Td> `` Smooth Like the Summer '' </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Rhett </Li> <Li> Frasure </Li> <Li> McAnally </Li> <Li> Josh Osborne </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 2 : 48 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 . </Td> <Td> `` Life Changes '' </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Rhett </Li> <Li> Akins </Li> <Li> Frasure </Li> <Li> Gorley </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 3 : 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 . </Td> <Td> `` When You Look Like That '' </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jessi Alexander </Li> <Li> Matt Dragstrem </Li> <Li> David Lee Murphy </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 3 : 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 . </Td> <Td> `` Sweetheart '' </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Rhett </Li> <Li> Akins </Li> <Li> Douglas </Li> <Li> Spargur </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 3 : 26 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 . </Td> <Td> `` Kiss Me Like a Stranger '' </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Rhett </Li> <Li> Barnes </Li> <Li> Jordan Reynolds </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 3 : 47 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 . </Td> <Td> `` Renegades '' </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Rhett </Li> <Li> Bunetta </Li> <Li> Ryan </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 3 : 43 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 . </Td> <Td> `` Gateway Love '' </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Rhett </Li> <Li> Douglas </Li> <Li> Sam Ellis </Li> <Li> Emily Weisband </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 3 : 26 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 . </Td> <Td> `` Grave '' </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chris DeStefano </Li> <Li> Hillary Lindsey </Li> <Li> Josh Miller </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 3 : 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> Total length : </Td> <Td> 46 : 28 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="4"> ( show ) Target edition </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Writer ( s ) </Th> <Th> Length </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 . </Td> <Td> `` Country Gold '' </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Rhett </Li> <Li> Akins </Li> <Li> Frasure </Li> <Li> Gorley </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 3 : 50 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 . </Td> <Td> `` Cardboard Heart '' </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Rhett </Li> <Li> Akins </Li> <Li> Douglas </Li> <Li> Frasure </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 2 : 46 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 . </Td> <Td> `` When We 're 80 '' </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Rhett </Li> <Li> Frasure </Li> <Li> McAnally </Li> <Li> Osborne </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> 2 : 57 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> Total length : </Td> <Td> 56 : 01 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Personnel ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Rhett Akins -- duet vocals on `` Drink a Little Beer '' </Li> <Li> Jessi Alexander -- background vocals </Li> <Li> Robert Bailey -- background vocals </Li> <Li> Dave Barnes -- background vocals </Li> <Li> Julien Bunetta -- drums , electric guitar , keyboards , programming , background vocals </Li> <Li> Ben Caver -- background vocals </Li> <Li> Matt Dragstrem -- programming , background vocals </Li> <Li> Stuart Duncan -- fiddle </Li> <Li> Skip Edwards -- steel guitar </Li> <Li> Sam Ellis -- keyboards , programming </Li> <Li> Jason Eskridge -- background vocals </Li> <Li> Paul Franklin -- steel guitar </Li> <Li> Jesse Frasure -- programming </Li> <Li> Vicki Hampton -- background vocals </Li> <Li> Dann Huff -- banjo , electric guitar , mandolin </Li> <Li> Charlie Judge -- keyboards , synthesizer , synthesizer strings </Li> <Li> Chris Kimmerer -- drums </Li> <Li> Joe London -- electric guitar , keyboards , programming </Li> <Li> Nate Mercereau -- French horn </Li> <Li> Maren Morris -- background vocals on `` Craving You '' </Li> <Li> Wendy Moten -- background vocals </Li> <Li> David Lee Murphy -- background vocals </Li> <Li> Tom Peyton -- trombone </Li> <Li> Danny Rader -- acoustic guitar </Li> <Li> Jordan Reynolds -- background vocals </Li> <Li> Thomas Rhett -- lead vocals , background vocals </Li> <Li> John Ryan -- programming </Li> <Li> Jimmie Lee Sloas -- bass guitar </Li> <Li> Russell Terrell -- background vocals </Li> <Li> Ilya Toshinsky -- acoustic guitar </Li> <Li> Emily Weisband -- background vocals </Li> <Li> Derek Wells -- electric guitar </Li> </Ul> <H2> Charts ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2017 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Australian Albums ( ARIA ) </Th> <Td> 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Canadian Albums ( Billboard ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> New Zealand Heatseekers Albums ( RMNZ ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Scottish Albums ( OCC ) </Th> <Td> 26 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> UK Albums ( OCC ) </Th> <Td> 54 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> UK Country Albums ( OCC ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Billboard 200 </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Top Country Albums ( Billboard ) </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2017 ) </Th> <Th> Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Billboard 200 </Th> <Td> 123 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Top Country Albums </Th> <Td> 17 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Life Changes -- Thomas Rhett '' . AllMusic . Retrieved 8 September 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Thomas Rhett 's Life Changes Arrives Sept. 8 '' . CMT . Viacom . July 27 , 2017 . Retrieved August 15 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Gage , Gage ( July 27 , 2017 ) . `` Thomas Rhett Plots New Album ' Life Changes ' '' . Rolling Stone . Wenner Media . Retrieved August 15 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Life Changes - Thomas Rhett Release Info '' . AllMusic . Retrieved August 15 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Add Dates '' ( PDF ) . Country Aircheck. 543 : Chart Page 5 . March 27 , 2017 . Retrieved August 15 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Casey , Jim ( July 28 , 2017 ) . `` Listen to Thomas Rhett 's New Single , `` Unforgettable , '' + Lyrics `` . Nash Country Daily . Retrieved August 15 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Future Releases for Country Radio Stations '' . All Access Media Group . Archived from the original on November 16 , 2017 . Retrieved November 16 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mosaki , Lauren . `` Thomas Rhett Gets Nostalgic With New Song ' Sixteen ' '' . HuffPost | Thomas Rhett's new album is scheduled to be released on | [
"September 8, 2017"
] | 245 | When does thomas rhett's new album come out? |
2776741854318333179 | Only Love Can Break Your Heart - wikipedia <H1> Only Love Can Break Your Heart </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Not to be confused with Only Love Can Break a Heart . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( June 2009 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Only Love Can Break Your Heart '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Neil Young and Crazy Horse </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album After the Gold Rush </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Birds '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> September 19 , 1970 October 19 , 1970 ( U.S. 7 '' single ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> March 15 , 1970 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Folk rock </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 05 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Reprise </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Neil Young </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> David Briggs , Neil Young </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Neil Young and Crazy Horse singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Cinnamon Girl '' ( 1970 ) </Td> <Td> `` Only Love Can Break Your Heart '' ( 1970 ) </Td> <Td> `` When You Dance I Can Really Love '' ( 1971 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Cinnamon Girl '' ( 1970 ) </Td> <Td> `` Only Love Can Break Your Heart '' ( 1970 ) </Td> <Td> `` When You Dance I Can Really Love '' ( 1971 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> After the Gold Rush track listing </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` After the Gold Rush '' ( 2 ) </Td> <Td> `` Only Love Can Break Your Heart '' ( 3 ) </Td> <Td> `` Southern Man '' ( 4 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Only Love Can Break Your Heart '' is a song written by Neil Young . It has been covered by many bands , including a 1990 single by Saint Etienne . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Genesis and recording </Li> <Li> 2 Saint Etienne version </Li> <Li> 3 Other cover versions </Li> <Li> 4 Chart performance <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Chart successions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Genesis and recording ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song is the third track on Neil Young 's album After the Gold Rush . The song was supposedly written for Graham Nash after Nash 's split from Joni Mitchell , though Young in interviews has been somewhat tentative in admitting or remembering this . Released as a single in October 1970 , it became Young 's first top 40 hit as a solo artist , peaking at number 33 in the U.S. The single was issued with a Crazy Horse version of `` Birds '' ( rather than the solo piano version of the album ) on the B - side , apparently accidentally . The song is praised as a `` seemingly simple song which display ( s ) considerable attention to detail in the deployment of instruments . '' </P> <H2> Saint Etienne version ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Only Love Can Break Your Heart '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Saint Etienne featuring Moira Lambert </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Foxbase Alpha </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` The Official Saint Etienne World Cup Theme '' ( UK ) `` Filthy '' ( UK reissue ) `` Stoned to Say the Least '' ( United States ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> May 1990 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> January 1990 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Alternative dance , house </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 29 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Heavenly - HVN2 / HVN12 ( reissue ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Neil Young </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Saint Etienne </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Saint Etienne featuring Moira Lambert singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Only Love Can Break Your Heart '' ( 1990 ) </Td> <Td> `` Kiss and Make Up '' ( 1990 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Only Love Can Break Your Heart '' ( 1990 ) </Td> <Td> `` Kiss and Make Up '' ( 1990 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> In 1990 , English band Saint Etienne recorded a cover version of the song , included on their debut album Foxbase Alpha . The vocals are by Moira Lambert , as Sarah Cracknell had not yet joined the band as a permanent member . The band recorded the song in producer Ian Catt 's bedroom studio in Pollards Hill . The recording , made in under two hours , got them a record deal , their first single , and their first hit . Andrew Weatherall later remixed the song , further emphasising its dub bassline : this remix , subtitled `` A Mix of Two Halves '' ( duration 8 : 49 ) , was featured on both releases of the single and on the compilation Casino Classics . The U.S. and European releases contained a different extended mix by Flowered Up ( duration 6 : 19 ) , issued in the UK only on a flexidisc , though it was mistakenly listed as the `` Mix of Two Halves '' . Weatherall had no involvement with this mix . </P> <P> The song was re-released in the UK as a double A-side with the track `` Filthy '' , peaking at number 39 in the UK Singles Chart . `` Filthy '' , was later covered as `` Jungle Pulse '' by Etienne Daho . The song remains Saint Etienne 's only entry in the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 , peaking at number 97 in 1992 . It did , however , top the U.S. Hot Dance Club Play chart . The U.S. b - side to the single was the Foxbase Alpha album track `` Stoned to Say the Least . '' In 2003 , Vibe listed Masters at Work 's remix of the song as one of the `` Top 25 remixes ever created . '' </P> <P> Two videos were released for the single . The original version is mostly in black and white and depicts Lucy from early 90s pop trio Golden miming the vocals ( Lambert refused to appear in the video ) . The second features Cracknell miming to Lambert 's vocals and depicts the band entering a cinema in a small French town where they see themselves in a movie . </P> <H2> Other cover versions ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Jackie DeShannon sang it on her Jackie album ( 1972 ) . </Li> <Li> It is a bonus track on the re-released 1972 John Baldry album Everything Stops for Tea as a duet between Baldry and Joyce Everson . </Li> <Li> British singer Elkie Brooks achieved a UK hit with the song in 1978 , which was taken from her Shooting Star album . </Li> <Li> Crosby , Stills , Nash & Young performed the song during their Live Aid set in 1985 . </Li> <Li> British girl group The Mint Juleps released a cover of the song on Stiff Records in 1986 . </Li> <Li> Psychic TV played the song on The Bridge : A Tribute to Neil Young in 1989 . </Li> <Li> A sampled portion of the Saint Etienne version was used in a remix for Chez Damier 's 1992 single `` Can You Feel It . '' </Li> <Li> Everlast covered the song for the 1999 film Big Daddy . </Li> <Li> The Corrs recorded the song for VH1 Presents : The Corrs , Live in Dublin in 2002 ; The New Rolling Stone Album Guide called their version `` pretty but lightweight . '' </Li> <Li> Juliana Hatfield recorded the song for her 2002 collection Gold Stars 1992 - 2002 . </Li> <Li> Gwyneth Herbert recorded the song for her debut album Bittersweet and Blue in 2004 . Her cover also appears in the film Leap Year . </Li> <Li> The New Standards recorded the song for their eponymous album released in 2005 . </Li> <Li> Bradford Cox aka Atlas Sound covered the song for his blog in 2007 . </Li> <Li> Damien Leith covered the song on his album Catch the Wind : Songs of a Generation in 2008 , which reached number 1 on the ARIA Chart for Australian albums . </Li> <Li> Nils Lofgren covered the song on his album The Loner -- Nils Sings Neil , released in 2008 . </Li> <Li> Kathleen Edwards recorded the song live for her iTunes exclusive Live Session in 2008 . </Li> <Li> Butch Walker released a live version on his iTunes release , Live from Lollapalooza , in 2008 . </Li> <Li> Angie Hart sang it on her Eat My Shadow album in 2009 . </Li> <Li> The S.I.G.I.T. covered this song for their split EP Hertz Dyslexia in 2009 . </Li> <Li> Jenn Grant covered the song on her album Echoes , released in 2009 . </Li> <Li> I Blame Coco has recorded covers of both the Neil Young and Saint Etienne versions of the song . A cover of Young 's version was released with Fyfe Dangerfield in 2010 . A cover of the Saint Etienne version appears on the album The Constant . </Li> <Li> In 2010 , Beccy Cole recorded a version for her album , Preloved . </Li> <Li> Rickie Lee Jones covered it on her album The Devil You Know album , released in 2012 . </Li> <Li> Ida Sand covered the song on her album Young at Heart , released in 2015 . </Li> <Li> Natalie Imbruglia covered the song on her album Male released in 2015 . </Li> <Li> Asami Zdrenka of Neon Jungle covered the Saint Etienne version as part of her A Cover Trilogy series in 2015 . </Li> <Li> Florence and The Machine covered it for the B Side of their Record Store Day Release of `` Delilah '' in 2016 . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Chart performance ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Artist </Th> <Th> Chart ( 1970 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Neil Young </Td> <Td> U.S. Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 33 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Artist </Th> <Th> Chart ( 1991 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Saint Etienne </Td> <Td> UK Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 39 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Artist </Th> <Th> Chart ( 1992 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Saint Etienne </Td> <Td> U.S. Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 97 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Saint Etienne </Td> <Td> U.S. Hot Dance Club Play </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Saint Etienne </Td> <Td> U.S. Modern Rock Tracks </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Chart successions ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` A Deeper Love '' by Civiles & Cole </Td> <Td> Billboard Hot Dance Club Play number - one single ( Saint Etienne version ) February 15 -- 22 , 1992 </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` We Got a Love Thang '' by CeCe Peniston </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Mason , Stewart . `` Only Love Can Break Your Heart '' at AllMusic . Retrieved March 13 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ McDonough , Jimmy ( | The song "Only Love Can Break Your Heart" is sung by | [
"Neil Young"
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-8411583589767613435 | Gas exchange - wikipedia <H1> Gas exchange </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> Gas exchange is the biological process by which gases move passively by diffusion across a surface . Typically , this surface is - or contains - a biological membrane that forms the boundary between an organism and its extracellular environment . </P> <P> Gases are constantly consumed and produced by cellular and metabolic reactions in most living things , so an efficient system for gas exchange between , ultimately , the interior of the cell ( s ) and the external environment is required . Small , particularly unicellular organisms , such as bacteria and protozoa , have a high surface - area to volume ratio . In these creatures the gas exchange membrane is typically the cell membrane . Some small multicellular organisms , such as flatworms , are also able to perform sufficient gas exchange across the skin or cuticle that surrounds their bodies . However , in most larger organisms , which have a small surface - area to volume ratios , specialised structures with convoluted surfaces such as gills , pulmonary alveoli and spongy mesophyll provide the large area needed for effective gas exchange . These convoluted surfaces may sometimes be internalised into the body of the organism . This is the case with the alveoli , which form the inner surface of the mammalian lung , the spongy mesophyll , which is found inside the leaves of some kinds of plant , or the gills of those molluscs that have them , which are found in the mantle cavity . </P> <P> In aerobic organisms , gas exchange is particularly important for respiration , which involves the uptake of oxygen ( O 2 ) and release of carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) . Conversely , in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms such as most land plants , uptake of carbon dioxide and release of both oxygen and water vapour are the main gas - exchange processes occurring during the day . Other gas - exchange processes are important in less familiar organisms : e.g. carbon dioxide , methane and hydrogen are exchanged across the cell membrane of methanogenic archaea . In nitrogen fixation by diazotrophic bacteria , and denitrification by heterotrophic bacteria ( such as Paracoccus denitrificans and various pseudomonads ) , nitrogen gas is exchanged with the environment , being taken up by the former and released into it by the latter , while giant tube worms rely on bacteria to oxidize hydrogen sulfide extracted from their deep sea environment , using dissolved oxygen in the water as an electron acceptor . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Physical principles of gas - exchange <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Diffusion and surface area </Li> <Li> 1.2 Interaction with circulatory systems </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Mammals <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Exchange membrane </Li> <Li> 2.2 Alveolar air </Li> <Li> 2.3 Pulmonary circulation </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Other vertebrates <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Fish </Li> <Li> 3.2 Amphibians </Li> <Li> 3.3 Reptiles </Li> <Li> 3.4 Birds </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Plants </Li> <Li> 5 Invertebrates </Li> <Li> 6 Summary of main gas exchange systems </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Physical principles of gas - exchange ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Diffusion and surface area ( edit ) </H3> <P> The exchange of gases occurs as a result of diffusion down a concentration gradient . Gas molecules move from a region in which they are at high concentration to one in which they are at low concentration . Diffusion is a passive process , meaning that no energy is required to power the transport , and it follows Fick 's Law : </P> <Dl> <Dd> J = − D d φ d x ( \ displaystyle J = - D ( \ frac ( d \ varphi ) ( dx ) ) ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> In relation to a typical biological system , where two compartments ( ' inside ' and ' outside ' ) , are separated by a membrane barrier , and where a gas is allowed to spontaneously diffuse down its concentration gradient : </P> <Ul> <Li> J is the flux , the amount of gas diffusing per unit area of membrane per unit time . Note that this is already scaled for the area of the membrane . </Li> <Li> D is the diffusion coefficient , which will differ from gas to gas , and from membrane to membrane , according to the size of the gas molecule in question , and the nature of the membrane itself ( particularly its viscosity , temperature and hydrophobicity ) . </Li> <Li> φ is the concentration of the gas . </Li> <Li> x is the position across the thickness of the membrane . </Li> <Li> dφ / dx is therefore the concentration gradient across the membrane . If the two compartments are individually well - mixed , then this is simplifies to the difference in concentration of the gas between the inside and outside compartments divided by the thickness of the membrane . </Li> <Li> The negative sign indicates that the diffusion is always in the direction that - over time - will destroy the concentration gradient , i.e. the gas moves from high concentration to low concentration until eventually the inside and outside compartments reach equilibrium . </Li> </Ul> <P> Fig. 1 . Fick 's Law for gas - exchange surface </P> <P> Gases must first dissolve in a liquid in order to diffuse across a membrane , so all biological gas exchange systems require a moist environment . In general , the higher the concentration gradient across the gas - exchanging surface , the faster the rate of diffusion across it . Conversely , the thinner the gas - exchanging surface ( for the same concentration difference ) , the faster the gases will diffuse across it . </P> <P> In the equation above , J is the flux expressed per unit area , so increasing the area will make no difference to its value . However , an increase in the available surface area , will increase the amount of gas that can diffuse in a given time . This is because the amount of gas diffusing per unit time ( dq / dt ) is the product of J and the area of the gas - exchanging surface , A : </P> <Dl> <Dd> d q d t = J A ( \ displaystyle ( \ frac ( dq ) ( dt ) ) = JA ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> Single - celled organisms such as bacteria and amoebae do not have specialised gas exchange surfaces , because they can take advantage of the high surface area they have relative to their volume . The amount of gas an organism produces ( or requires ) in a given time will be in rough proportion to the volume of its cytoplasm . The volume of a unicellular organism is very small , therefore it produces ( and requires ) a relatively small amount of gas in a given time . In comparison to this small volume , the surface area of its cell membrane is very large , and adequate for its gas - exchange needs without further modification . However , as an organism increases in size , its surface area and volume do not scale in the same way . Consider an imaginary organism that is a cube of side - length , L. Its volume increases with the cube ( L ) of its length , but its external surface area increases only with the square ( L ) of its length . This means the external surface rapidly becomes inadequate for the rapidly increasing gas - exchange needs of a larger volume of cytoplasm . Additionally , the thickness of the surface that gases must cross ( dx in Fick 's Law ) can also be larger in larger organisms : in the case of a single - celled organism , a typical cell membrane is only 10 nm thick ; but in larger organisms such as roundworms ( Nematoda ) the equivalent exchange surface - the cuticle - is substantially thicker at 0.5 μm . </P> <H3> Interaction with circulatory systems ( edit ) </H3> Fig. 2 . A comparison between the operations and effects of a cocurrent and a countercurrent flow exchange system is depicted by the upper and lower diagrams respectively . In both it is assumed ( and indicated ) that red has a higher value ( e.g. of temperature or the partial pressure of a gas ) than blue and that the property being transported in the channels therefore flows from red to blue . Note that channels are contiguous if effective exchange is to occur ( i.e. there can be no gap between the channels ) . <P> In multicellular organisms therefore , specialised respiratory organs such as gills or lungs are often used to provide the additional surface area for the required rate of gas exchange with the external environment . However the distances between the gas exchanger and the deeper tissues are often too great for diffusion to meet gaseous requirements of these tissues . The gas exchangers are therefore frequently coupled to gas - distributing circulatory systems , which transport the gases evenly to all the body tissues regardless of their distance from the gas exchanger . </P> <P> Some multicellular organisms such as flatworms ( Platyhelminthes ) are relatively large but very thin , allowing their outer body surface to act as a gas exchange surface without the need for a specialised gas exchange organ . Flatworms therefore lack gills or lungs , and also lack a circulatory system . Other multicellular organisms such as sponges ( Porifera ) have an inherently high surface area , because they are very porous and / or branched . Sponges do not require a circulatory system or specialised gas exchange organs , because their feeding strategy involves one - way pumping of water through their porous bodies using flagellated collar cells . Each cell of the sponge 's body is therefore exposed to a constant flow of fresh oxygenated water . They can therefore rely on diffusion across their cell membranes to carry out the gas exchange needed for respiration . </P> <P> In organisms that have circulatory systems associated with their specialized gas - exchange surfaces , a great variety of systems are used for the interaction between the two . </P> <P> In a countercurrent flow system , air ( or , more usually , the water containing dissolved air ) is drawn in the opposite direction to the flow of blood in the gas exchanger . A countercurrent system such as this maintains a steep concentration gradient along the length of the gas - exchange surface ( see lower diagram in Fig. 2 ) . This is the situation seen in the gills of fish and many other aquatic creatures . The gas - containing environmental water is drawn unidirectionally across the gas - exchange surface , with the blood - flow in the gill capillaries beneath flowing in the opposite direction . Although this theoretically allows almost complete transfer of a respiratory gas from one side of the exchanger to the other , in fish less than 80 % of the oxygen in the water flowing over the gills is generally transferred to the blood . </P> <P> Alternative arrangements are cross current systems found in birds . and dead - end air - filled sac systems found in the lungs of mammals . In a cocurrent flow system , the blood and gas ( or the fluid containing the gas ) move in the same direction through the gas exchanger . This means the magnitude of the gradient is variable along the length of the gas - exchange surface , and the exchange will eventually stop when an equilibrium has been reached ( see upper diagram in Fig. 2 ) . Cocurrent flow gas exchange systems are not known to be used in nature . | The surface area in many kinds of organs is important because the amount of surface determines | [
"effective gas exchange"
] | 200 | Surface area in many kinds of organs is important because the amount of surface determines? |
7520402739582397133 | Film adaptation - wikipedia <H1> Film adaptation </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article includes a list of references , but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations . Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. ( April 2008 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> A film adaptation is the transfer of a work or story , in whole or in part , to a feature film . Although often considered a type of derivative work , recent academic developments by scholars such as Robert Stam conceptualize film adaptation as a dialogic process . </P> <P> A common form of film adaptation is the use of a novel as the basis of a feature film . Other works adapted into films include non-fiction ( including journalism ) , autobiography , comic books , scriptures , plays , historical sources , and even other films . From the earliest days of cinema , in nineteenth - century Europe , adaptation from such diverse resources has been a ubiquitous practice of filmmaking . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Elision and interpolation </Li> <Li> 2 Interpretation as adaptation </Li> <Li> 3 Theatrical adaptation </Li> <Li> 4 Television adaptation </Li> <Li> 5 Radio adaptation </Li> <Li> 6 Comic book adaptation </Li> <Li> 7 Video game adaptation </Li> <Li> 8 Adaptations from other sources </Li> <Li> 9 Awards </Li> <Li> 10 Adaptation of films </Li> <Li> 11 See also </Li> <Li> 12 References </Li> <Li> 13 Further reading </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Elision and interpolation ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1924 , Erich von Stroheim attempted a literal adaptation of Frank Norris 's novel McTeague with his moving picture Greed , and the resulting film was 91⁄2 hours long . It was cut , at studio insistence , to four hours , then without Stroheim 's input , cut again to around two hours . The end result was a film that was largely incoherent . Since that time , few directors have attempted to put everything in a novel into a film . Therefore , elision is all but essential . </P> <P> However , in some cases , film adaptations also interpolate scenes or invent characters . This is especially true when a novel is part of a literary saga . Incidents or quotations from later or earlier novels will be inserted into a single film . Additionally , and far more controversially , filmmakers will invent new characters or create stories that were not present in the source material at all . Given the anticipated audience for a film , the screenwriter , director , or movie studio may wish to increase character time or to invent new characters . For example , William J. Kennedy 's Pulitzer Prize - winning novel Ironweed included a short appearance by a prostitute named Helen . Because the film studio anticipated a female audience for the film and had Meryl Streep for the role , Helen became a significant part of the film . However , characters are also sometimes invented to provide the narrative voice . </P> <P> As Sergei Eisenstein pointed out in his landmark essay on Charles Dickens , films most readily adapt novels with externalities and physical description : they fare poorly when they attempt the modern novel and any fiction that has internal monologue or , worse , stream of consciousness . When source novels have exposition or digressions from the author 's own voice , a film adaptation may create a commenting , chorus - like character to provide what could not be filmed otherwise . Thus , in the adaptation of John Fowles 's The French Lieutenant 's Woman , the director created a contemporary Englishman in a romance with a woman to offer up the ironic and scholarly voice that Fowles provided in the novel , and the film version of Laurence Sterne 's `` unfilmable '' novel , Tristram Shandy had the main actor speak in his own voice , as an actor , to emulate the narrator 's ironic and metafictional voice in the novel . Early on , filmmakers would rely upon voice - over for a main character 's thoughts , but , while some films ( e.g. Blade Runner ) may self - consciously invoke the older era of film by the use of voice over , such devices have been used less and less with time . </P> <H2> Interpretation as adaptation ( edit ) </H2> <P> There have been several nominees for non-plus ultra of inventive adaptation , including the Roland Joffe adaptation of The Scarlet Letter with explicit sex between Hester Prynn and the minister and Native American obscene puns into a major character and the film 's villain . The Charlie Kaufman and `` Donald Kaufman '' penned Adaptation. , credited as an adaptation of the novel The Orchid Thief , was an intentional satire and commentary on the process of film adaptation itself . All of these are cases of Nathaniel Hawthorne 's point . The creators of the Gulliver 's Travels miniseries interpolated a sanity trial to reflect the ongoing scholarly debate over whether or not Gulliver himself is sane at the conclusion of Book IV . In these cases , adaptation is a form of criticism and recreation , as well as translation . </P> <P> Change is essential and practically unavoidable , mandated both by the constraints of time and medium , but how much is always a balance . Some film theorists have argued that a director should be entirely unconcerned with the source , as a novel is a novel , while a film is a film , and the two works of art must be seen as separate entities . Since a transcription of a novel into film is impossible , even holding up a goal of `` accuracy '' is absurd . Others argue that what a film adaptation does is change to fit ( literally , adapt ) , and the film must be accurate to either the effect ( aesthetics ) of a novel or the theme of the novel or the message of the novel and that the filmmaker must introduce changes where necessary to fit the demands of time and to maximize faithfulness along one of these axes . </P> <P> In most cases of adaptation , the films are required to create identities ( for example , a characters ' costume or set decor ) since they are not specified in the original material . In these cases , the influence of film - makers may go unrecognised because there is no comparison in the original material , and even though the new visual identities will affect narrative interpretation . Peter Jackson 's adaptations of The Lord of the Rings trilogy and The Hobbit by author JRR Tolkien represent an unusual case because many visual and stylistic details were specified by Tolkien . For the Harry Potter film series , author JK Rowling was closely consulted by the film - makers and she provided production designer Stuart Craig with a map of Hogwarts ' grounds , and also prevented director Alfonso Cuarón from adding a graveyard scene because the graveyard would appear elsewhere in a later novel . </P> <P> An often overlooked aspect of film adaptation is the inclusion of sound and music . In a literary text , a specific sound effect can often be implied or specified by an event , but in the process of adaptation , the film - makers will have to determine specific sound characteristics which subliminally affects narrative interpretation . In some cases of adaptation , music may have been specified in the original material ( usually diegetic music ) . In Stephenie Meyer 's 2005 Twilight novel , the characters Edward Cullen and Bella Swan both listen to Debussy 's Clair de lune and Edward composes the piece Bella 's Lullaby for the character Bella Swan . While Clair de lune was a pre-existing piece of music , Bella 's Lullaby was not and required original music to be composed for the 2008 movie adaptation . In the 2016 sci - fi film 2BR02B : To Be or Naught to Be adapted from the story by Kurt Vonnegut , the film - makers decided to abandon Vonnegut 's choice of music , stating that they felt it only worked in his prose because it was n't actually heard . In the filmmakers ' test screenings , they found that Vonnegut 's style of music confused audiences and detracted from narrative comprehension . The film 's composer Leon Coward stated `` You can try to be as true to Vonnegut 's material as possible , but at the end of the day also you 're working with the material that you as a team have generated , not just Vonnegut 's , and that 's what you 've got to make work . '' </P> <H2> Theatrical adaptation ( edit ) </H2> <P> Films sometimes use plays as their sources . William Shakespeare has been called the most popular screenwriter in Hollywood . There are not only film versions of most of Shakespeare 's works but also multiple versions of many of the plays . Numerous spinoffs adapt Shakespeare 's plays very loosely , such as West Side Story , Kiss Me , Kate , The Lion King , O , and 10 Things I Hate about You . Adaptations in languages other than English flourish around the globe , such as Akira Kurosawa 's two epic films Throne of Blood ( 1957 ) and Ran ( 1985 ) , and Éric Rohmer 's Conte d'hiver ( A Tale of Winter , 1992 ) . </P> <P> Similarly , hit Broadway plays are frequently adapted , whether from musicals or dramas . On one hand , theatrical adaptation does not involve as many interpolations or elisions as novel adaptation , but on the other , the demands of scenery and possibilities of motion frequently entail changes from one medium to the other . Film critics will often mention if an adapted play has a static camera or emulates a proscenium arch . Laurence Olivier consciously imitated the arch with his Henry V ( 1944 ) , having the camera begin to move and to use color stock after the prologue , indicating the passage from physical to imaginative space . Sometimes , the adaptive process can continue after one translation . Mel Brooks ' The Producers was a film that was adapted into a Broadway musical and then adapted again into a film . </P> <H2> Television adaptation ( edit ) </H2> <P> Feature films are occasionally created from television series or television segments . In these cases , the film will either offer a longer storyline than the usual television program 's format or will offer expanded production values . In the adaptation of The X-Files to film , for example , greater effects and a longer plotline were involved . Additionally , adaptations of television shows will offer the viewer the opportunity to see the television show 's characters without broadcast restrictions . These additions ( nudity , profanity , explicit drug use , and explicit violence ) are only rarely a featured adaptive addition ( film versions of `` procedurals '' such as Miami Vice are most inclined to such additions as featured adaptations ) -- South Park : Bigger , Longer & Uncut is a notable example of a film being more explicit than its parent TV series . </P> <P> At the same time , some theatrically released films are adaptations of television miniseries events . When national film boards and state - controlled television networks co-exist , filmmakers can sometimes create very long films for television that they may adapt solely for time for theatrical release . Both Ingmar Bergman ( notably with Fanny and Alexander but with other films as well ) and Lars von Trier have created long television | The first book was made into a movie in | [
"1924"
] | 293 | When was the first book made into a movie? |
-6324374377150128718 | Satya Nadella - Wikipedia <H1> Satya Nadella </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Satya Nadella </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Satya Nadella in 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Bukkapuram Nadella Satyanarayana ( 1967 - 08 - 19 ) 19 August 1967 ( age 50 ) Hyderabad , Telangana , India </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Citizenship </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alma mater </Th> <Td> Manipal Institute of Technology ( B.E. - Electrical Engineering ) University of Wisconsin -- Milwaukee ( M.S. ) University of Chicago ( MBA ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> CEO of Microsoft Corp ( 2014 -- present ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Employer </Th> <Td> Microsoft ( 1992 -- present ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Salary </Th> <Td> $84.3 million ( 2018 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Net worth </Th> <Td> $1.34 billion ( January 2018 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Board member of </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Starbucks Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spouse ( s ) </Th> <Td> Anupama Priya Nadella ( m . 1992 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Children </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> Satya Nadella - Microsoft.com </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Satya Narayana Nadella ( born 19 August 1967 ) is an Indian American business executive . He is the current Chief Executive Officer ( CEO ) of Microsoft , succeeding Steve Ballmer in 2014 . Before becoming CEO , he was Executive Vice President of Microsoft 's cloud and enterprise group , responsible for building and running the company 's computing platforms , developer tools and cloud computing services . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early life </Li> <Li> 2 Career <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Sun Microsystems </Li> <Li> 2.2 Microsoft </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Personal life </Li> <Li> 4 Publications </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Nadella was born in Hyderabad , Andhra Pradesh , India ( now in the state of Telangana ) , to a brahmin family that is originally from Bukkapuram village in Rayalaseema . His father , Bukkapuram Nadella Yugandher , was a civil servant who worked at the prestigious Indian Administrative Service within the Government of India . </P> <P> Nadella attended the Hyderabad Public School , Begumpet before receiving a bachelor 's in electrical engineering from the Manipal Institute of Technology ( then part of Mangalore University ) in 1988 . Nadella subsequently traveled to the U.S. to study for a M.S. in computer science at the University of Wisconsin -- Milwaukee , receiving his degree in 1990 . Later , he received an MBA from the University of Chicago . </P> <P> Nadella said he `` always wanted to build things '' and that electrical engineering `` was a great way for ( him ) to go discover what turned out to become a passion , '' computer science . </P> <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Sun Microsystems ( edit ) </H3> <P> Nadella worked at Sun Microsystems as a member of its technology staff prior to joining Microsoft in 1992 . </P> <H3> Microsoft ( edit ) </H3> <P> At Microsoft , Nadella has led major projects that included the company 's move to cloud computing and the development of one of the largest cloud infrastructures in the world . </P> <P> Nadella worked as the senior vice-president of Research and Development ( R&D ) for the Online Services Division and vice-president of the Microsoft Business Division . Later , he was made the president of Microsoft 's $19 billion Server and Tools Business and led a transformation of the company 's business and technology culture from client services to cloud infrastructure and services . He has been credited for helping bring Microsoft 's database , Windows Server and developer tools to its Azure cloud . The revenue from Cloud Services grew to $20.3 billion in June 2013 from $16.6 billion when he took over in 2011 . He received $18 million in 2016 pay . </P> <P> Nadella 's 2013 base salary was nearly $700,000 , for a total compensation , with stock bonuses , of $7.6 million . </P> <P> Previous positions held by Nadella include : </P> <Ul> <Li> President of the Server & Tools Division ( 9 February 2011 -- February 2014 ) </Li> <Li> Senior Vice-President of Research and Development for the Online Services Division ( March 2007 -- February 2011 ) </Li> <Li> Vice-President of the Business Division </Li> <Li> Corporate Vice-President of Business Solutions and Search & Advertising Platform Group </Li> <Li> Executive Vice-President of Cloud and Enterprise group </Li> </Ul> <P> On 4 February 2014 , Nadella was announced as the new CEO of Microsoft , the third chief executive in the company 's history , following Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer . </P> <P> In October 2014 , Nadella courted controversy when he made a statement that women should not ask for a raise and should trust the system . The statement was made while he was attending an event on Women in Computing in Phoenix , AZ . Nadella was roundly criticised for the statement and he apologised later on Twitter . He later sent an email to Microsoft employees admitting he was `` Completely wrong '' . </P> <P> Nadella changed the company 's direction after becoming CEO . His tenure has emphasized openness to working with companies and technologies with which Microsoft also competes , including Apple Inc. , Salesforce , IBM , and Dropbox . In contrast to previous Microsoft campaigns against the Linux operating system , Nadella proclaimed that `` Microsoft ♥ Linux '' , and in 2016 , Microsoft joined the Linux Foundation as a Platinum member . </P> <P> Under Nadella Microsoft revised its mission statement to `` empower every person and every organization on the planet to achieve more '' . In comparison to founder Bill Gates 's `` a PC on every desk and in every home , running Microsoft software '' , Nadella says that it is an enduring mission , rather than a temporal goal . His key goal has been transforming Microsoft 's corporate culture into one that values continual learning and growth . He has cited the book Mindset : The New Psychology of Success by Carol Dweck as inspiration for this philosophy around a `` growth mindset '' . </P> <P> Nadella 's leadership of Microsoft included a series of high - profile acquisitions of other companies , to redirect Microsoft 's focus . His first major acquisition was of Mojang , a Swedish game company best known for the popular freeform computer building game Minecraft , in late 2014 , for $2.5 billion . Minecraft was notably a cross-platform game , with versions running on Apple 's iOS mobile devices , and the Sony PlayStation dedicated gaming console , as well as Microsoft 's Xbox . He followed that in 2016 by purchasing Xamarin and LinkedIn . </P> <P> In the years since becoming CEO , Nadella is viewed as having done well , with Microsoft stock having risen more than 130 % since he took over and achieving an all - time high . During his leadership , stock in the company has grown at an annualized rate of 23 % . </P> <H2> Personal life ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1992 , Nadella married Anupama , daughter of his father 's Indian Administrative Service ( IAS ) batchmate , K.R. Venugopal . The couple has three children , a son and two daughters , and lives in Bellevue , Washington . </P> <P> Nadella is an avid reader of business literature and of American and Indian poetry . He also nurses a passion for cricket , having played on his school team . </P> <P> Nadella has authored a book titled Hit Refresh that explores his life , his career in Microsoft and how he believes technology will shape the future . It was announced that the profits from the book would go to Microsoft Philanthropies and through that to nonprofit organizations . </P> <H2> Publications ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Hit Refresh : The quest to rediscover Microsoft 's soul and imagine a better future for everyone , 2017. ISBN 9780062652508 ( audiobook ISBN 9780062694805 ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Happy Birthday Satya Nadella : 9 interesting facts about Microsoft CEO '' . Economic Times . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Satya Nadella makes no mention of his Indian background Archived 27 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine ... Associated Press via hindustantimes.com. 6 February 2014 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ ( ( url = http://www1.salary.com/Satya-Nadella-Salary-Bonus-Stock-Options-for-MICROSOFT-CORP.html%7Ctitle=Compensation Information for Satya Nadella , Chief Executive Officer and Director of MICROSOFT CORP - Salary.com first = Site built by : last = Salary.com website = Salary.com accessdate = 5 November 2017 deadurl = no archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170824174320/http://www1.salary.com/Satya-Nadella-Salary-Bonus-Stock-Options-for-MICROSOFT-CORP.html%7Carchivedate=24 August 2017 df = dmy - all ) ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Starbucks Corporation - Corporate Governance - Board of Directors '' . Starbucks . Archived from the original on 3 September 2017 . Retrieved 28 September 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Board of Trustees '' . Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center . Archived from the original on 29 September 2017 . Retrieved 28 September 2017 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Ovide , Shira ( 5 February 2014 ) . `` Microsoft Board Names Satya Nadella as CEO '' . The Wall Street Journal . Archived from the original on 19 October 2014 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Microsoft Board names Satya Nadella as CEO '' . Microsoft.com. 4 February 2014 . Archived from the original on 26 April 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` ' Studious , hardworking boy has achieved his goal , ' says Satya Nadella 's dad '' . DNA India . 2014 . Archived from the original on 5 February 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ ' Studious , hardworking boy has achieved his goal , ' says Satya Nadella 's dad Archived 5 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine ... Daily News and Analysis . ( 5 February 2014 ) . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Satya , Nadella ( 5 February 2014 ) . `` Well done Satya '' . Eenadu . Archived from the original on 22 February 2014 . Retrieved 5 February 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Anisha Dhiman ( 25 August 2015 ) . `` ' Satya Nadella on the Meaning of Work ' : Satya Nadella '' . Oxy . Archived from the original on 13 September 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Anisha Dhiman ( 29 July 2013 ) . `` ' Never , ever stop learning ' : Satya Nadella '' . Decan Chronicle . Archived from the original on 2 February 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Satya Nadella Archived 24 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine ... news.microsoft.com </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Satya Nadella , President , Server & Tools Business , archived from the original on 2014 - 02 - 09 , retrieved 2017 - 06 - 26 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` MIT thrilled over Nadella being in race to head Microsoft '' . DNA India . Archived from the original on 29 August 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` I went to the United States right when Sachin Tendulkar started to play for India so I look at it and say , wow , I missed the entire Sachin era of Indian cricket '' . Espncricinfo.com . Archived from the original on 11 October 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` UWMilwaukee alum named Microsoft CEO UWM News '' . 5.uwm.edu. 4 February 2014 . Archived from the original on 29 July 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Satya Nadella education '' . 5.uwm.edu . | The salary of the CEO of Microsoft is | [
"$84.3 million"
] | 132 | What is the salary of the ceo of microsoft? |
-7198839892825072919 | 6.1 Comic book adaptation </Li> <Li> 6.2 Video games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Soundtrack </Li> <Li> 8 Cancelled sequel and reboot </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> After saving New York City from the demi - god Gozer , the Ghostbusters -- Egon Spengler , Ray Stantz , Peter Venkman , and Winston Zeddemore -- are sued for the property damage they caused , and barred from investigating the supernatural , forcing them out of business . Ray owns an occult bookstore and works as an unpopular children 's entertainer with Winston , Egon works in a laboratory conducting experiments into human emotion , and Peter hosts a pseudo-psychic television show . Peter 's former girlfriend Dana Barrett has had a son , Oscar , with an ex-husband , and works at the Museum of Modern Art . After an incident in which Oscar 's baby carriage is controlled by an unseen force and drawn to a busy junction , Dana turns to the Ghostbusters for help . Meanwhile , Dana 's colleague Dr. Janosz Poha is indoctrinated by the spirit of Vigo the Carpathian , a powerful legendary sixteenth - century tyrant and magician trapped in a painting in the gallery . Vigo orders Janosz to locate a child that Vigo can possess , allowing him to return to life on the New Year . </P> <P> The Ghostbusters ' investigation leads them to illegally excavate First Avenue at the point where the baby carriage stopped . Lowered underneath , Ray discovers a river of pink slime filling the abandoned Beach Pneumatic Transit line . Attacked by the slime after obtaining a sample , Ray accidentally causes a citywide blackout , and the Ghostbusters are arrested . They are found guilty of investigating the supernatural , but before they can be taken away , the slime taken as evidence reacts to the judge 's angry outburst and explodes , releasing two ghosts who were murderers that the judge had executed that proceed to devastate the courtroom . The Ghostbusters imprison the ghosts in exchange for the dismissal of all charges and that they be allowed to resume their Ghostbusting business . </P> <P> Later , the slime invades Dana 's apartment and attacks her and Oscar . She seeks refuge with Peter , and the two begin to renew their relationship . Investigating the slime and Vigo 's history , the Ghostbusters discover that the slime reacts to emotions , and suspect that it has been generated by the negative attitudes of New Yorkers . While Peter and Dana have dinner together , Egon , Ray , and Winston explore the underground river of slime . While measuring the depth , Winston gets pulled into the flowing river , and Ray and Egon jump in after him . After they escape back to the surface Ray and Winston begin arguing , but Egon realizes that they are being influenced by the slime , so they strip off their clothes . They also learn the river is flowing directly to the museum . </P> <P> The Ghostbusters go to the mayor with their suspicions , but are dismissed ; the mayor 's assistant , Jack Hardemeyer , has them committed to a psychiatric hospital to protect the mayor 's interests as he runs for governor . Meanwhile , a spirit resembling Janosz kidnaps Oscar from Peter 's apartment , and Dana pursues them to the museum alone . After she enters , the museum is covered with a barrier of impenetrable slime . </P> <P> New Year 's Eve sees a sudden increase of supernatural activity as the slime rises from the subway line and onto the city streets , causing widespread paranormal activity with ghosts attacking citizens . In response , the mayor fires Hardemeyer and has the Ghostbusters released . After heading to the museum , they are unable to breach the power of the slime barrier with their proton packs . Determining that they need a symbol of powerful positivity to rally the citizens and weaken the slime , the Ghostbusters use positively - charged mood slime , and a remix of `` Higher and Higher '' to animate the Statue of Liberty and pilot it through the streets before the cheering populace . As they arrive at the museum , the slime begins to recede and they use the Statue 's torch to break through the museum 's ceiling to attack Vigo and Janosz . </P> <P> Janosz is neutralized with positively - charged slime , but Vigo immobilizes the Ghostbusters and attempts a transfer into Oscar 's body . A chorus of `` Auld Lang Syne '' by the citizens outside weakens Vigo , returning him to the painting and freeing the Ghostbusters . Vigo momentarily possesses Ray , and the other Ghostbusters attack him with a combination of proton streams and positively - charged mood slime . Dressed in full Ghostbusters attire , Louis attacks the weakened slime barrier around the building with a proton stream of his own . This combination destroys Vigo and changes the painting to a likeness of the four Ghostbusters standing protectively around Oscar . Outside , the Ghostbusters receive a standing ovation from the crowd and , at a later ceremony to restore the Statue , the Key to the City from the mayor . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> Main article : List of Ghostbusters characters <Ul> <Li> Bill Murray as Peter Venkman </Li> <Li> Dan Aykroyd as Ray Stantz </Li> <Li> Sigourney Weaver as Dana Barrett </Li> <Li> Harold Ramis as Egon Spengler </Li> <Li> Rick Moranis as Louis Tully </Li> <Li> Ernie Hudson as Winston Zeddemore </Li> <Li> Annie Potts as Janine Melnitz </Li> <Li> Peter MacNicol as Dr. Janosz Poha </Li> <Li> Harris Yulin as Judge Stephen Wexler </Li> <Li> Janet Margolin as Prosecuting Attorney `` Kitten '' </Li> <Li> David Margulies as Mayor `` Lenny '' </Li> <Li> Kurt Fuller as Jack Hardemeyer </Li> <Li> William T. Deutschendorf and Hank J. Deutschendorf II as Baby Oscar </Li> <Li> Wilhelm von Homburg as Vigo the Carpathian </Li> <Li> Ivan Reitman as the voice of Slimer </Li> </Ul> <P> Some notable cast members in the film include one of Bill Murray 's siblings , Brian Doyle - Murray , who played the psychiatric doctor , Dan Aykroyd 's niece , Karen Humber , who played one of the school children , and Ben Stein , who played a public works official for the mayor . Jason Reitman , son of director Ivan Reitman , plays the boy who insults the Ghostbusters at a birthday party . Cheech Marin is the dock supervisor who witnesses the arrival of the Titanic , and Philip Baker Hall is the city police chief . Bobby Brown is the doorman to Gracie Mansion when the Ghostbusters go to see the mayor of New York City ( also performing on the soundtrack ) . The physical role of Vigo was played by Wilhelm von Homburg , and his dialog was dubbed by Max von Sydow . </P> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Development ( edit ) </H3> <P> After the success of the first film and the animated series , The Real Ghostbusters , Columbia Pictures pressed the producers to make a sequel . Dan Aykroyd , Harold Ramis and Ivan Reitman were uncomfortable with this , as the original film was intended to be conclusive and they wished to work on other projects . Eventually , they agreed and created a script . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Box office ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( March 2012 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> At its release , Ghostbusters II was the biggest three - day opening weekend gross in history with $29.5 million , a record that was broken one week later by Batman ( $40.5 million ) . Ghostbusters II eventually grossed $112.4 million in North America and $102.9 million internationally for a total of $215.3 million worldwide . </P> <H3> Critical response ( edit ) </H3> <P> On Rotten Tomatoes , the film has an approval rating of 53 % based on 38 reviews , with an average rating of 5.9 / 10 . The site 's critical consensus reads , `` Thanks to the cast , Ghostbusters 2 is reasonably amusing , but it lacks the charm , wit , and energy of its predecessor . '' At Metacritic the film received a weighted average score of 56 out of 100 , based on 14 critics , indicating `` mixed or average reviews '' . Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of `` A -- '' on an A+ to F scale . </P> <P> Variety said the film had amusing visuals and a clever plot , while Nick Shager of Screengrab opined that it `` Effectively slimed everyone 's fond memories of the original '' . On their show , Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert gave the picture two thumbs down , disappointed that the film did not try anything new and like many sequels , merely re-treated the first film . Siskel stated `` The film contains little comic invention . It looks as if the filmmakers , particularly the writers , simply did n't try to do anything special . As if they simply filmed the first draft . '' Ebert stated that he saw the movie in a theater in Michigan and out of a packed house , there was only one laugh . Murray remarked how disappointed he was with it all as `` Those special - effects guys took over . It was too much of the slime and not enough of us . '' </P> <H2> Home Media ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Blu - ray version , released in September 2014 , was scanned and mastered in 4K and preserves the original aspect ratio of 2.35 : 1 . An earlier DVD version was also transferred in the correct scope ratio . The VHS and Laserdisc releases of Ghostbusters II were made differently , however : instead of being produced in either the original 2.35 : 1 or panned and scanned at 1.33 : 1 , the movie was panned and scanned in a 1.66 : 1 frame . This version , often shown on television , shows slightly more image at the edges than a `` proper '' pan and scan version at 1.33 : 1 . </P> <H2> Merchandise ( edit ) </H2> <P> A great deal of merchandise ( such as coloring books ) came out with the release of this film . As was the case with the Real Ghostbusters cartoon , the makers of this material may have wanted to avoid likeness fees and as a result , the main characters in these bear little resemblance to any other version of the characters . </P> <P> As a tie - in with the release of the movie , approximately 3,100 Hardee 's fast food restaurants offered a kids meal - deal that included a toy called the `` Ghostblaster '' , a small noisemaker embossed with the movie 's signature logo on one side and made different sounds when one of two buttons were activated . However , officials at the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission deemed that the toy posed a potential choking hazard to small children because the toy was operated with small watch - sized batteries and recalled at least 2 million units . </P> <H3> Comic book adaptation ( edit ) </H3> <P> During this period , The Real Ghostbusters comic book produced by NOW Comics ran a three - part adaptation of the film , using the cartoon character designs instead of the likenesses of the actors . The overall story received minor alterations to run as a three - part series , and includes several scenes that were in the shooting script but were not included in | The baby in Ghostbusters 2 was | [
"William T. Deutschendorf"
] | 1,419 | Who was the baby in ghost busters 2? |
-4042391161693864280 | Great is Thy faithfulness - wikipedia <H1> Great is Thy faithfulness </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> Great Is Thy Faithfulness is a popular Christian hymn written by Thomas Chisholm ( 1866 -- 1960 ) with music composed by William M. Runyan ( 1870 -- 1957 ) in Baldwin , Kansas , U.S. . </P> <P> The phrase `` great is thy faithfulness '' comes from the Old Testament Book of Lamentations 3 : 23 . These exact words occur in both the King James Bible and the Revised Standard Version . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Covers <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Jordan Smith </Li> <Li> 2.2 Charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Lyrics </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> Thomas O. Chisholm wrote the poem in 1923 about God 's faithfulness over his lifetime . Chisholm sent the song to William Runyan in Kansas , who was affiliated with both the Moody Bible Institute and Hope Publishing Company . Runyan set the poem to music , and it was published that same year by Hope Publishing Company and became popular among church groups . The Biblical lyrics reference Lamentations 3 : 22 - 23 . The song was exposed to wide audiences after becoming popular with Dr. William Henry Houghton of the Moody Bible Institute and Billy Graham , who used the song frequently on his international crusades . Since the middle 20th century , this hymn has been the university hymn of Cairn University which was formerly Philadelphia Biblical University and prior to that Philadelphia College of Bible , founded in 1913 . </P> <H2> Covers ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Jordan Smith ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Great Is Thy Faithfulness '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Song by Jordan Smith </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> November 16 , 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> Digital download </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 2015 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Christian Hymn </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 34 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Republic </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Thomas Chisholm </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> On Monday , November 16 , 2015 , Jordan Smith covered the Selah song pick choice selection playing the piano chord from The Voice of ninth season . </P> <H3> Charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 2015 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> US Billboard Hot 100 </Th> <Td> 30 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Lyrics ( edit ) </H2> <P> Great is Thy faithfulness , O God my Father ; There is no shadow of turning with Thee , Thou changest not , Thy compassions they fail not , As Thou hast been , Thou forever wilt be . </P> <P> Great is Thy faithfulness ! Great is Thy faithfulness ! Morning by morning new mercies I see All I have needed Thy hand hath provided Great is Thy faithfulness , Lord unto me ! </P> <P> Summer and winter and springtime and harvest , Sun , moon , and stars in their courses above ; Join with all nature in manifold witness , To Thy great faithfulness , mercy , and love . </P> <P> </P> <P> Pardon for sin and a peace that endureth , Thine own dear presence to cheer and to guide ; Strength for today , and bright hope for tomorrow Blessings all mine , with ten thousand beside . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Steve Benner , ( 1 ) ( 1999 - 2003 ) ( accessed February 16 , 2012 ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Lamentations 3 : 22 - 23 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kenneth W. Osbeck , 101 hymn stories , ( Kregel Publications , 1982 ) pg. 83 ( 2 ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Jordan Smith Chart History ( Hot 100 ) '' . Billboard . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Song Lyrics </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Great_Is_Thy_Faithfulness&oldid=821658240 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> American Christian hymns </Li> <Li> 1923 songs </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> <Li> All articles with unsourced statements </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from February 2016 </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Billboardhot100 </Li> <Li> Singlechart called without song </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Svenska </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 21 January 2018 , at 21 : 12 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> | The author of the hymn "Great Is Thy Faithfulness" is | [
"Thomas Chisholm"
] | 30 | Author of the hymn great is thy faithfulness? |
7598777188623034272 | Sacred Valley - Wikipedia <H1> Sacred Valley </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the Peruvian valley . For the valley in central Italy , see Rieti Valley . <Table> Sacred Valley <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Sacred Valley of the Incas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Shown within Peru </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alternate name </Th> <Td> Urubamba Valley </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Cuzco Region , Peru </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Coordinates </Th> <Td> 13 ° 20 ′ 00 '' S 72 ° 05 ′ 00 '' W / 13.33333 ° S 72.08333 ° W / - 13.33333 ; - 72.08333 Coordinates : 13 ° 20 ′ 00 '' S 72 ° 05 ′ 00 '' W / 13.33333 ° S 72.08333 ° W / - 13.33333 ; - 72.08333 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> valley </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> History </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cultures </Th> <Td> Inca </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Site notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Condition </Th> <Td> In ruins </Td> </Tr> </Table> The mountain Veronica looms over the Sacred Valley . Sacred Valley of the Incas <P> The Sacred Valley of the Incas ( Spanish : Valle Sagrado de los Incas ; Quechua : Willka Qhichwa ) or the Urubamba Valley is a valley in the Andes of Peru , 20 kilometres ( 12 mi ) at its closest north of the Inca capital of Cusco . It is located in the present - day Peruvian region of Cusco . In colonial documents it was referred to as the `` Valley of Yucay . '' The Sacred Valley was incorporated slowly into the incipient Inca Empire during the period from 1000 to 1400 CE . </P> <P> The scenic and historical Sacred Valley is a major tourist destination . In 2013 , 1.2 million people , 800,000 of them non-Peruvians , are estimated to have visited Machu Picchu , its most famous archaeological site . Many of the same tourists also visited other archaeological sites and modern towns in the Sacred Valley . </P> Machu Picchu <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Geography </Li> <Li> 2 History </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Geography ( edit ) </H2> Inca ruin and andenes ( agricultural terraces ) at Pisac . <P> The valley , running generally west to east , is understood to include everything along the Urubamba River between the town and Inca ruins at Písac westward to Machu Piccu , 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) distant . The Sacred Valley has elevations above sea level along the river ranging from 3,000 metres ( 9,800 ft ) at Pisac to 2,050 metres ( 6,730 ft ) at the Urubamba River below the citadel of Macchu Piccu . On both sides of the river , the mountains rise to much higher elevations , especially to the south where two prominent mountains overlook the valley : Sahuasiray , 5,818 metres ( 19,088 ft ) and Veronica , 5,893 metres ( 19,334 ft ) in elevation . The intensely cultivated valley floor is about 1 kilometre ( 0.62 mi ) wide on average . Side valleys and agricultural terraces ( andenes ) expand the cultivatable area . </P> <P> The valley was formed by the Urubamba river , also known as the Vilcanota River , Willkanuta River ( Aymara , `` house of the sun '' ) or Willkamayu ( Quechua ) . The latter , in Quechua , the still spoken lingua franca of the Inca Empire , means the sacred river . It is fed by numerous tributaries which descend through adjoining valleys and gorges , and contains numerous archaeological remains and villages . The Sacred Valley was the most important area for maize production in the heartland of the Inca Empire and access through the valley to tropical areas facilitated the import of products such as coca leaf and chile peppers to Cuzco . </P> <P> The climate of Urubamba is typical of the valley . Precipitation , concentrated in the months of October through April , totals 527 millimetres ( 20.7 in ) annually and monthly average temperatures range between 15.4 ° C ( 59.7 ° F ) in November , the warmest month , to 12.2 ° C ( 54.0 ° F ) in July , the coldest month . The Incas built extensive irrigation works throughout the valley to counter deficiencies and seasonality in precipitation . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The early Incas lived in the Cuzco area . By conquest or diplomacy , during the period 1000 to 1400 CE , the Inca achieved administrative control over the various ethnic groups living in or near the Sacred Valley . </P> <P> The attraction of the Sacred Valley to the Inca , in addition to its proximity to Cuzco , was probably that it was lower in elevation and therefore warmer than any other nearby area . The lower elevation permitted maize to be grown in the Sacred Valley . Maize was a prestige crop for the Incas , especially to make chicha , a fermented maize drink the Incas and their subjects consumed in large quantities at their many ceremonial feasts and religious festivals . </P> <P> Large scale maize production in the Sacred Valley was apparently facilitated by varieties bred in nearby Moray , either a governmental crop laboratory or a seedling nursery of the Incas . </P> <P> The Inca customarily divided conquered lands into three more - or-less equal parts . One part was for the emperor ( the Sapa Inca ) , one part for the religious establishment , and one part for the communities of farmers themselves . In the 1400s , the Sacred Valley became an area of royal estates and country homes . Once a royal estate was created by an emperor it continued to be owned by descendants of the emperor after his death . The estate of the emperor Yawar Waqaq ( ca . 1380 CE ) was located at Paullu and Lamay ( a few kilometers downstream from Pisac ) ; Huchuy Qosqo , the estate of the emperor Viracocha Inca ( c. 1410 - 1438 ) , overlooks the Sacred Valley ; the estate of Pachacuti ( 1438 - 1471 CE ) was at Pisac ; and the sparse ruins of Quispiguanca . the estate of the emperor Huayna Capac ( 1493 - 1527 CE ) , are in the town of Urubamba . Most archaeologists believe that Machu Picchu was built as an estate for Pachacuti . </P> <P> Agricultural terraces , called andenes , were built up hillsides flanking the valley floor and are today the most visible and widespread signs of the Inca civilization in the Sacred Valley . </P> <P> In 1537 , the Inca Emperor Manco Inca Yupanqui fought and won the Battle of Ollantaytambo against a Spanish army headed by Hernando Pizarro . Nevertheless , Manco soon withdrew from the Sacred Valley and the area came under the control of the Spanish colonialists . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> PeruRail </Li> <Li> Sallqaqucha Wallata Warak'ay </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Bauer , Brian S. ; Covey , R. Alan ( 2002 ) . `` Processes of State Formation in the Inca Heartland ( Cuzco , Peru ) '' . American Anthropologist. 104 ( 3 ) : 846 -- 64 . doi : 10.1525 / aa. 2002.104. 3.846 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ D'Altroy , Terence N. ( 2003 ) . The Incas , Malden , MA : Blackwell Publishing , p. 127 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Google Earth . Another definition of the area of the Sacred Valley is that it is between Pisaq and Ollantaytambo , a distance of about 60 kilometres ( 37 mi ) . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Covey , R. Alan ( 2009 ) , How the Incas built their Heartland , Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press , pp 43 - 44 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Climate : Urubamba , https://en.climate-data.org/location/44993/ , accessed 24 Dec 2016 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ D'Altroy , pp. 127 - 140 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Alan Covey , R ( 2003 ) . `` A processual study of Inka state formation '' . Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. 22 ( 4 ) : 333 -- 57 . doi : 10.1016 / S0278 - 4165 ( 03 ) 00030 - 8 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bauer and Covey , p. 846 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ D'Altroy , p. 189 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Earls , John ( nd ) , `` The Character of Inca and Andean Agriculture , '' pp. 18 - 19 . http://macareo.pucp.edu.pe/~jearls/documentosPDF/theCharacter.PDF , accessed 20 dec 2016 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Plachetka , Uwe Christian ; Pietsch , Stephan A. ( 2009 ) . `` El centro vaviloviano en el Perú : un conjunto socio - ecológico frente a riesgos extremos '' ( The center Vavilov year in Peru : a socio - ecological set against extreme risks ) ( PDF ) . Tikpa Pachapaq ( in Spanish ) . 1 ( 1 ) : 9 -- 16 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ McEwan , pp 87 - 88 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Covey , R. Alan ( 2009 ) , How the Incas built their Heartland , Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press , p. 217 ; Niles , Susan A. ( 1999 ) , The Shape of Inca History , Iowas City : University of Iowa Press , pp. 133 - 153 . Downloaded from Project Muse . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Rowe , John ( 1990 ) . `` Machu Picchu a la luz de documentos de siglo XVI . Historia , 16 ( 1 ) , pp. 139 -- 154 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Guillet , David and others ( 1987 ) , `` Terracing and Irrigation in the Peruvian Highlands , '' Current Anthropology , Vol. 28 , No. 4 , pp. 409 - 410 . Downloaded from JSTOR . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Hemming , John ( 1970 ) , The Conquest of the Incas , New York : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich , pp 213 - 232 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sacred Valley . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Sacred Valley of the Incas . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Archaeological sites in Peru </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Acaray </Li> <Li> Amaru Marka Wasi </Li> <Li> Arhuaturo </Li> <Li> Asana </Li> <Li> Asiru Phat'jata </Li> <Li> Aspero </Li> <Li> Awila Qhincha Mach'ay </Li> <Li> Awkin Punta </Li> <Li> Awkillu Waqra </Li> <Li> Awkimarka ( Apurímac ) </Li> <Li> Awkimarka ( Huánuco ) </Li> <Li> Awqa Punta </Li> <Li> Aya Muqu </Li> <Li> Ayamachay </Li> <Li> Ayawayq'u </Li> <Li> Azángaro </Li> <Li> Baths of Boza </Li> <Li> Bandurria </Li> <Li> Buena Vista </Li> <Li> Cahuachi </Li> <Li> Cajamarquilla </Li> <Li> Cao Viejo </Li> <Li> Carajía </Li> <Li> Caral </Li> <Li> Caves of Sumbay </Li> <Li> Cerro Baúl </Li> <Li> Cerro Pátapo </Li> <Li> Cerro Trinidad </Li> <Li> Chacamarca </Li> <Li> Chan Chan </Li> <Li> Chanquillo </Li> <Li> Chauchilla Cemetery </Li> <Li> Chavín de Huantar </Li> <Li> Chawaytiri </Li> <Li> Chichakuri </Li> <Li> Chipaw Marka </Li> <Li> Choquepuquio </Li> <Li> Choquequirao </Li> <Li> Chuqik'iraw Pukyu </Li> <Li> Churajón </Li> <Li> Chuya </Li> <Li> Ch'iqullu </Li> <Li> Cochabamba </Li> <Li> Colcampata </Li> <Li> Cota Coca </Li> <Li> Coricancha </Li> <Li> Cumbe Mayo </Li> <Li> El Brujo </Li> <Li> El Cañoncillo </Li> <Li> El Ingenio </Li> <Li> El Paraíso </Li> <Li> Garagay </Li> <Li> Gran Pajatén </Li> <Li> Gran Vilaya </Li> <Li> Guitarrero Cave </Li> <Li> Hatun Mach'ay </Li> <Li> Hatun Misapata </Li> <Li> Hatun Rumiyoc </Li> <Li> Hatun Uchku </Li> <Li> Hatun Usnu </Li> <Li> Hatunmarka </Li> <Li> Honcopampa </Li> <Li> Huaca de la Luna | The altitude of the Sacred Valley in Peru ranges from | [
"3,000 metres (9,800 ft) at Pisac to 2,050 metres (6,730 ft) at the Urubamba River"
] | 452 | What is the altitude of the sacred valley in peru? |
-4366283268910846199 | Ark of the Covenant - wikipedia <H1> Ark of the Covenant </H1> Jump to : navigation , search Not to be confused with Noah 's Ark . Joshua passing the River Jordan with the Ark of the Covenant by Benjamin West , 1800 <P> The Ark of the Covenant ( Hebrew : אָרוֹן הַבְּרִית , Modern Arōn Ha'brēt , Tiberian ʾĀrôn Habbərîṯ ) , also known as the Ark of the Testimony , is a gold - covered wooden chest with lid cover described in the Book of Exodus as containing the two stone tablets of the Ten Commandments . According to various texts within the Hebrew Bible , it also contained Aaron 's rod and a pot of manna . Hebrews 9 : 4 describes : `` The ark of the covenant ( was ) covered on all sides with gold , in which was a golden jar holding the manna , and Aaron 's rod which budded , and the tables of the covenant . '' </P> <P> The biblical account relates that , approximately one year after the Israelites ' exodus from Egypt , the Ark was created according to the pattern given to Moses by God when the Israelites were encamped at the foot of biblical Mount Sinai . Thereafter , the gold - plated acacia chest was carried by its staves while en route by the Levites approximately 2,000 cubits ( approximately 800 meters or 2,600 feet ) in advance of the people when on the march or before the Israelite army , the host of fighting men . When carried , the Ark was always hidden under a large veil made of skins and blue cloth , always carefully concealed , even from the eyes of the priests and the Levites who carried it . God was said to have spoken with Moses `` from between the two cherubim '' on the Ark 's cover . When at rest the tabernacle was set up and the holy Ark was placed under the veil of the covering , the staves of it crossing the middle side bars to hold it up off the ground . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Biblical account <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Construction and description </Li> <Li> 1.2 Mobile vanguard </Li> <Li> 1.3 Capture by the Philistines </Li> <Li> 1.4 In the days of King David </Li> <Li> 1.5 In Solomon 's Temple </Li> <Li> 1.6 The Babylonian Conquest and aftermath </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 References in Scripture <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Tanakh </Li> <Li> 2.2 Second Book of Maccabees </Li> <Li> 2.3 The Ark in Islamic sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Possible locations <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Mount Nebo </Li> <Li> 3.2 Ethiopia </Li> <Li> 3.3 Southern Africa </Li> <Li> 3.4 Europe <Ul> <Li> 3.4. 1 Chartres Cathedral , France </Li> <Li> 3.4. 2 Rennes - le - Château , then to the United States </Li> <Li> 3.4. 3 Rome </Li> <Li> 3.4. 4 United Kingdom </Li> <Li> 3.4. 5 Ireland </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.5 Egypt <Ul> <Li> 3.5. 1 Tutankhamun 's tomb </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 In popular culture </Li> <Li> 5 Yom HaAliyah </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 Further reading </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Biblical account ( edit ) </H2> The covered ark and seven priests with rams ' horns , at the Battle of Jericho , in an eighteenth - century artist 's depiction . <H3> Construction and description ( edit ) </H3> <P> According to the Book of Exodus , God instructed Moses on Mount Sinai during his 40 - day stay upon the mountain within the thick cloud and darkness where God was and he was shown the pattern for the tabernacle and furnishings of the Ark to be made of shittim wood to house the Tablets of Stone . Moses instructed Bezalel and Oholiab to construct the Ark . In Deuteronomy , however , the Ark is said to have been built specifically by Moses himself without reference of Bezalel or Oholiab . </P> <P> The Book of Exodus gives detailed instructions on how the Ark is to be constructed . It is to be 21⁄2 cubits in length , 11⁄2 in breadth , and 11⁄2 in height ( approximately 131 × 79 × 79 cm or 52 × 31 × 31 in ) . Then it is to be gilded entirely with gold , and a crown or molding of gold is to be put around it . Four rings of gold are to be attached to its four corners , two on each side -- and through these rings staves of shittim - wood overlaid with gold for carrying the Ark are to be inserted ; and these are not to be removed . A golden lid , the kapporet ( traditionally `` mercy seat '' in Christian translations ) which is covered with 2 golden cherubim , is to be placed above the Ark . Instructions missing from the biblical account include the thickness of the mercy seat , but instruct that the cherubim cover be beaten out the ends of it and details concerning the cherubim except that they form the space that God will appear . The Ark is finally to be placed under the veil of the covering . </P> <H3> Mobile vanguard ( edit ) </H3> Moses and Joshua bowing before the Ark , painting by James Tissot , c. 1900 <P> The biblical account continues that , after its creation by Moses , the Ark was carried by the Israelites during their 40 years of wandering in the desert . Whenever the Israelites camped , the Ark was placed in a separate room in a sacred tent , called the Tabernacle . </P> <P> When the Israelites , led by Joshua toward the Promised Land , arrived at the banks of the Jordan river , the Ark was carried in the lead preceding the people and was the signal for their advance . During the crossing , the river grew dry as soon as the feet of the priests carrying the Ark touched its waters , and remained so until the priests -- with the Ark -- left the river after the people had passed over . As memorials , twelve stones were taken from the Jordan at the place where the priests had stood . </P> <P> In the Battle of Jericho , the Ark was carried round the city once a day for seven days , preceded by the armed men and seven priests sounding seven trumpets of rams ' horns . On the seventh day , the seven priests sounding the seven trumpets of rams ' horns before the Ark compassed the city seven times and , with a great shout , Jericho 's wall fell down flat and the people took the city . After the defeat at Ai , Joshua lamented before the Ark . When Joshua read the Law to the people between Mount Gerizim and Mount Ebal , they stood on each side of the Ark . We next hear of the Ark in Bethel where it was being cared for by the priest Phineas the grandson of Aaron ( where ' Bethel ' is translated ' the House of God ' in the King James Version ) . According to this verse it was consulted by the people of Israel when they were planning to attack the Benjaminites at the battle of Gibeah . Later , however , the Ark was kept at Shiloh , another religious centre some 16 km north of Bethel , at the time of the prophet Samuel 's apprenticeship , where it was cared for by Hophni and Phinehas , two sons of Eli . </P> <H3> Capture by the Philistines ( edit ) </H3> 1728 illustration of the Ark at the erection of the Tabernacle and the sacred vessels , as in Exodus 40 : 17 - 19 Main article : Philistine captivity of the Ark <P> A few years later the elders of Israel decided to take the Ark out onto the battlefield to assist them against the Philistines , after being defeated at the battle of Eben - Ezer . They were , however , heavily defeated with the loss of 30,000 men . The Ark was captured by the Philistines and Hophni and Phinehas were killed . The news of its capture was at once taken to Shiloh by a messenger `` with his clothes rent , and with earth upon his head . '' The old priest , Eli , fell dead when he heard it ; and his daughter - in - law , bearing a son at the time the news of the capture of the Ark was received , named him Ichabod -- explained as `` The glory has departed Israel '' in reference to the loss of the Ark . The mother of the child Ichabod died at his birth . </P> <P> The Philistines took the Ark to several places in their country , and at each place misfortune befell them . At Ashdod it was placed in the temple of Dagon . The next morning Dagon was found prostrate , bowed down , before it ; and on being restored to his place , he was on the following morning again found prostrate and broken . The people of Ashdod were smitten with tumors ; a plague of mice was sent over the land . The affliction of boils was also visited upon the people of Gath and of Ekron , whither the Ark was successively removed . </P> <P> After the Ark had been among them for seven months , the Philistines , on the advice of their diviners , returned it to the Israelites , accompanying its return with an offering consisting of golden images of the tumors and mice wherewith they had been afflicted . The Ark was set up in the field of Joshua the Beth - shemite , and the Beth - shemites offered sacrifices and burnt offerings . Out of curiosity the men of Beth - shemesh gazed at the Ark ; and as a punishment , seventy of them ( fifty thousand and seventy in some translations ) were smitten by the Lord . The Bethshemites sent to Kirjath - jearim , or Baal - Judah , to have the Ark removed ; and it was taken to the house of Abinadab , whose son Eleazar was sanctified to keep it . Kirjath - jearim remained the abode of the Ark for twenty years . Under Saul , the Ark was with the army before he first met the Philistines , but the king was too impatient to consult it before engaging in battle . In 1 Chronicles 13 : 3 it is stated that the people were not accustomed to consulting the Ark in the days of Saul . </P> <H3> In the days of King David ( edit ) </H3> Illustration from the 13th century Morgan Bible of David bringing the Ark into Jerusalem ( 2 Samuel 6 ) . <P> At the beginning of his reign over the United Monarchy , King David removed the Ark from Kirjath - jearim amid great rejoicing . On the way to Zion , Uzzah , one of the drivers of the cart that carried the Ark , put out his hand to steady the Ark , and was struck dead by God for touching it . The place was subsequently named `` Perez - Uzzah '' , literally `` Outburst Against Uzzah '' , as a result . David , in fear , carried the Ark aside into the house of Obed - edom the Gittite , instead of carrying it on to Zion , and there it stayed three months . </P> <P> On hearing that God had blessed Obed - edom because of the presence of the Ark in his house , David had the Ark brought to Zion by the Levites , while he himself , `` girded with a linen ephod ... danced before the | The Ark of the Covenant was built at | [
"the foot of biblical Mount Sinai"
] | 207 | Where was the ark of the covenant built? |
-1317942101497986450 | Game of Thrones ( season 8 ) - wikipedia <H1> Game of Thrones ( season 8 ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Game of Thrones ( season 8 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Promotional poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> See List of Game of Thrones cast </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> HBO </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Season chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> ← Previous Season 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> List of Game of Thrones episodes </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The eighth and final season of the fantasy drama television series Game of Thrones was announced by HBO in July 2016 . Unlike the first six seasons that each had ten episodes and the seventh that had seven episodes , the eighth season will have only six episodes . Like the previous season , it will largely consist of original content not found currently in George R.R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire series , and will instead adapt material Martin has revealed to showrunners about the upcoming novels in the series , The Winds of Winter and A Dream of Spring . </P> <P> The season will be adapted for television by David Benioff and D.B. Weiss . Filming officially began on October 23 , 2017 . The season is scheduled to premiere in 2019 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Episodes </Li> <Li> 2 Cast <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Main cast </Li> <Li> 2.2 Supporting cast </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Crew </Li> <Li> 3.2 Writing </Li> <Li> 3.3 Filming </Li> <Li> 3.4 Episodes </Li> <Li> 3.5 Music </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> See also : List of Game of Thrones episodes <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Th> U.S. viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 68 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> David Nutter </Td> <Td> Dave Hill </Td> <Td> 2019 ( 2019 ) </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 69 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> David Nutter </Td> <Td> Bryan Cogman </Td> <Td> 2019 ( 2019 ) </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 70 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> Miguel Sapochnik </Td> <Td> David Benioff & D.B. Weiss </Td> <Td> 2019 ( 2019 ) </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 71 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> David Nutter </Td> <Td> David Benioff & D.B. Weiss </Td> <Td> 2019 ( 2019 ) </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 72 </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> Miguel Sapochnik </Td> <Td> David Benioff & D.B. Weiss </Td> <Td> 2019 ( 2019 ) </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 73 </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> David Benioff & D.B. Weiss </Td> <Td> David Benioff & D.B. Weiss </Td> <Td> 2019 ( 2019 ) </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> See also : List of Game of Thrones characters Peter Dinklage ( Tyrion Lannister ) Nikolaj Coster - Waldau ( Jaime Lannister ) Lena Headey ( Cersei Lannister ) Emilia Clarke ( Daenerys Targaryen ) <H3> Main cast ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Peter Dinklage as Tyrion Lannister </Li> <Li> Nikolaj Coster - Waldau as Jaime Lannister </Li> <Li> Lena Headey as Cersei Lannister </Li> <Li> Emilia Clarke as Daenerys Targaryen </Li> <Li> Kit Harington as Jon Snow </Li> <Li> Liam Cunningham as Davos Seaworth </Li> <Li> Sophie Turner as Sansa Stark </Li> <Li> Maisie Williams as Arya Stark </Li> <Li> Nathalie Emmanuel as Missandei </Li> <Li> Gwendoline Christie as Brienne of Tarth </Li> <Li> John Bradley as Samwell Tarly </Li> <Li> Isaac Hempstead Wright as Bran Stark </Li> <Li> Rory McCann as Sandor `` The Hound '' Clegane </Li> <Li> Iain Glen as Jorah Mormont </Li> <Li> Conleth Hill as Varys </Li> <Li> Carice van Houten as Melisandre </Li> <Li> Jerome Flynn as Bronn </Li> <Li> Joe Dempsie as Gendry </Li> </Ul> <H3> Supporting cast ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Ben Crompton as Eddison Tollett </Li> <Li> Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson as Gregor Clegane </Li> <Li> Jacob Anderson as Grey Worm </Li> <Li> Rupert Vansittart as Yohn Royce </Li> <Li> Marc Rissmann as Harry Strickland </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Crew ( edit ) </H3> <P> Series creators and executive producers David Benioff and D.B. Weiss will serve as showrunners for the eighth season . The directors for the eighth season were announced in September 2017 . Miguel Sapochnik , who previously directed `` The Gift '' and `` Hardhome '' on season 5 , as well as `` Battle of the Bastards '' and `` The Winds of Winter '' on season 6 will return as director . He will divide up direction of the first five episodes with David Nutter , who had directed two episodes on seasons two , three and five . The final episode of the show will be directed by Benioff and Weiss , who have previously directed one episode each . </P> <P> At the show 's South by Southwest panel on March 12 , 2017 , Benioff and Weiss announced the writers for the show to be Dave Hill ( episode 1 ) and Bryan Cogman ( episode 2 ) . The showrunners will then divide up the screenplay for the remaining four episodes amongst themselves . </P> <H3> Writing ( edit ) </H3> <P> Writing for the eighth season started with a 140 - page outline . Benioff said that the divvying up process and who should write what section became more difficult , being that `` this would be the last time that we would be doing this . '' </P> <H3> Filming ( edit ) </H3> <P> In an interview with Entertainment Weekly , HBO programming president Casey Bloys stated that instead of the series finale being a feature film , the final season would be `` six one - hour movies '' on television . He continued , `` The show has proven that TV is every bit as impressive and in many cases more so , than film . What they 're doing is monumental . '' Filming officially began on October 23 , 2017 . </P> <H3> Episodes ( edit ) </H3> <P> Co-creators David Benioff and D.B. Weiss have said that the seventh and eighth season would likely consist of fewer episodes , stating that after season six , they were `` down to our final 13 episodes after this season . We 're heading into the final lap . '' Benioff and Weiss stated that they were unable to produce 10 episodes in the show 's usual 12 to 14 month time frame , as Weiss said , `` It 's crossing out of a television schedule into more of a mid-range movie schedule . '' HBO confirmed in July 2016 , that the seventh season would consist of seven episodes , and would premiere later than usual in mid-2017 because of the later filming schedule . Benioff and Weiss later confirmed that the eighth season will consist of six episodes , and is expected to premiere later than usual for the same reason . </P> <P> Benioff and Weiss spoke about the end of the show , saying , `` From the beginning we 've wanted to tell a 70 - hour movie . It will turn out to be a 73 - hour movie , but it 's stayed relatively the same of having the beginning , middle and now we 're coming to the end . It would have been really tough if we lost any core cast members along the way , I 'm very happy we 've kept everyone and we get to finish it the way we want to . '' The season is set to air in 2019 . </P> <H3> Music ( edit ) </H3> <P> Ramin Djawadi is set to return as the composer of the show for the eighth season . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Hibberd , James ( July 30 , 2016 ) . `` Game of Thrones : HBO confirms season 8 will be last '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on September 1 , 2016 . Retrieved March 13 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Birnbaum , Debra ( July 30 , 2016 ) . `` HBO Confirms ' Game of Thrones ' Will End With Eighth Season '' . Variety . Archived from the original on September 2 , 2016 . Retrieved March 13 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Hibberd , James ( May 24 , 2016 ) . `` George R.R. Martin revealed 3 huge shocks to Game of Thrones producers '' . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on August 21 , 2016 . Retrieved March 13 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Hooton , Christopher ( September 27 , 2017 ) . `` Game of Thrones season 8 : Directors revealed for all episodes '' . The Independent . Archived from the original on October 20 , 2017 . Retrieved October 20 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Chitwood , Adam ( December 15 , 2017 ) . `` ' Justice League ' DP Fabian Wagner on Zack Snyder 's Cut , Superman 's Black Suit & ' Game of Thrones ' '' . Collider . Archived from the original on December 16 , 2017 . Retrieved December 18 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Carson , Biz ( March 12 , 2017 ) . `` The final season of ' Game of Thrones ' will only be six episodes '' . Business Insider . Archived from the original on April 12 , 2017 . Retrieved April 11 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Game of Thrones Will Return in 2019 '' . HBO . Archived from the original on January 4 , 2018 . Retrieved January 4 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Goldberg , Lesley ( June 21 , 2016 ) . `` ' Game of Thrones ' Stars Score Hefty Pay Raises for Season 8 '' . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on August 22 , 2017 . Retrieved August 28 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Liam Cunningham ( Davos ) talks about the filming schedule for Game of Thrones Season 8 '' . Winteriscoming.net . January 10 , 2017 . Archived from the original on August 28 , 2017 . Retrieved December 18 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Thompson , Avery ( February 15 , 2017 ) . `` Sophie Turner Drops Massive Spoiler About Sansa Stark 's Fate In Season 8 '' . Hollywood Life . Archived from the original on October 2 , 2017 . Retrieved December 18 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Morton , Ashley ( August 28 , 2017 ) . `` Maisie Williams Thinks Arya Went Hunting for Trouble This Season '' . Making Off Game of Thrones . Archived from the original on September 16 , 2017 . Retrieved December 18 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Shepherd , Jack ( October 24 , 2017 ) . `` Game of Thrones season 8 filming looks to be underway as cast members spotted in Belfast '' . The Independent . Archived from the original on October 24 , 2017 . Retrieved December 18 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bradley , John ( August 29 , 2017 ) . `` There 's a new tag team in town . 💪 Hope you enjoyed season 7 . Thanks for watching and we 'll be back . The | Season 8 of Game of Thrones premiered in | [
"2019"
] | 244 | When is season 8 for game of thrones? |
-2751908283042856030 | I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas - wikipedia <H1> I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Gayla Peevey </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Are My Ears on Straight ? '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> November 11 , 1953 ( U.S. ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Christmas , Novelty </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 2 : 38 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Columbia ( no . 4 - 40106 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> John Rox </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas '' is a Christmas novelty song written by John Rox ( 1902 -- 1957 ) and performed by Gayla Peevey ( 10 years old at the time ) in 1953 . The song peaked at number 24 on Billboard magazine 's pop chart in December 1953 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 B - side </Li> <Li> 3 Other releases </Li> <Li> 4 Notes </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> Peevey was a child star ( born in Oklahoma City , Oklahoma ) , before her family moved to Ponca City , Oklahoma , when she was five . When released nationally by Columbia Records the song shot to the top of the charts , and the city zoo acquired a baby hippo named Matilda . </P> <P> Peevey was filmed performing the song on The Ed Sullivan Show in October 1953 , airing on November 15 , 1953 . A video of this performance is available on her website . </P> <P> A popular legend holds that this 1953 hit had been recorded as a fundraiser to bring the city zoo a hippo ; but in a 2007 radio interview with Detroit - based WNIC radio station , Peevey clarified that the song was not originally recorded as a fundraiser . Instead , a local promoter picked up on the popularity of the song and Peevey 's local roots , and launched a campaign to present her with an actual hippopotamus on Christmas . </P> <P> The campaign succeeded , and she was presented with an actual hippopotamus , which she donated to the city zoo . The hippopotamus lived for nearly 50 years . Peevey , by this point 73 years old , was again present when the Oklahoma City Zoo acquired a rare pygmy hippopotamus in 2017 . </P> <P> Gayla Peevey later recorded as Jamie Horton , scoring the Billboard Hot 100 - charter `` My Little Marine '' in 1960 . </P> <H2> B - side ( edit ) </H2> <P> The B - side of the original 78 featured the song `` Are my Ears on Straight ? '' </P> <H2> Other releases ( edit ) </H2> <P> It is a Dr. Demento Christmas staple , and is currently available on Dr. Demento 's The Greatest Novelty Records of All Time Vol. 6 : Christmas . </P> <P> A version by Vicki Dale and the Peter Pan Orchestra was released in 1953 . </P> <P> The Three Stooges also recorded a version in 1959 . </P> <P> Bob Keeshan , as Captain Kangaroo , recorded a version of the song in the 1960s . </P> <P> Captain & Tennille included a version on their 2007 album The Secret of Christmas , and it was released as a single the same year . </P> <P> The American pop band Jonas Brothers covered the song live in 2007 at the Radio Disney Jingle Jam in Katy , Texas . </P> <P> In the 2007 Sesame Street Christmas special `` Elmo 's Christmas Countdown '' , Big Bird sang a duet of the song with Anne Hathaway . However , in that version , they replaced hippopotamus with Snuffleupagus . </P> <P> Country music singer Gretchen Wilson recorded a rendition in late 2009 . It debuted at No. 54 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts dated for January 2 , 2010 . It is included on her album Christmas in My Heart , released in 2013 . </P> <P> American recording artist LeAnn Rimes released her cover of the song as a digital single for her EP , One Christmas : Chapter 1 ( 2014 ) . </P> <P> In 2016 , country music artist Kacey Musgraves recorded a version for her album A Very Kacey Christmas . </P> <P> A version was also recorded by the British entertainer Terry Hall and his puppet Lenny The Lion . </P> <P> Lake Street Dive recorded a version on Holidays Rule ( Vol. 2 ) released on October 13 , 2017 by Capitol Records , UMG Recordings . </P> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Local Song Writer Dies '' , The Winterset Madisonian ( Winterset , Iowa ) , August 14 , 1957 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Alice Pearce 's Nuptials '' , The New York Times , May 23 , 1948 , p. 65 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` John R. Rox '' ( sic ) , The New York Times , August 6 , 1957 , p. 26 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` John J. Rox , Song Writer '' , The Washington Post , August 8 , 1957 , p . B - 2 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` John Jefferson Rox '' in Notable Names in the American Theatre . James T. White & Co. , 1976 . ISBN 0 - 88371 - 018 - 8 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Renewal registration RE0000084409 , February 23 , 1981 , of `` I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas '' , by John Jefferson Rox , U.S. Copyright Office database on - line . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ John J. Rox in : National Archives and Records Administration . U.S. World War II Army Enlistment Records , 1938 -- 1946 ( database on - line ) . Provo , UT , USA : The Generations Network , Inc. , 2005 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Whitburn , Joel ( 2004 ) . Christmas in the Charts ( 1920 -- 2004 ) . Wisconsin : Record Research Inc. p. 53 . ISBN 0 - 89820 - 161 - 6 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Gayla Peevey biography </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Ed Sullivan Show '' . The official site by Gayla Peevey . Retrieved December 8 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Breakfast Club '' morning show . WNIC , Detroit , MI . December 19 , 2007 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` ' I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas ' Singer Welcomes Hippo to Oklahoma City Zoo '' . Associated Press . December 12 , 2017 . Retrieved December 13 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Christmas Music Coundown : Day 9.5 '' , The Portland Mercury . December 15 , 2010 . Retrieved November 1 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Dale , Vicki ; The Peter Pan Orchestra ( 1953 ) . I Want A Hippopotamus For Christmas ( FLAC , MP3 , Ogg ) format = requires url = ( help ) ( 78 rpm record ) . Peter Pan Records . Recording on the Internet Archive . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Three Stooges -- Records '' . Retrieved May 6 , 2009 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas - Single by LeAnn Rimes '' . iTunes Store . Apple Inc . Retrieved October 19 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Conaway , Alanna ( August 8 , 2014 ) . `` LeAnn Rimes Has a New Album , a New Reality TV Show and a New Attitude ( 2014 ) '' . Country Weekly . American Media , Inc . Retrieved October 19 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Holiday Rules ( Vol 2 ) '' . Track 11 I Want a Hippopotamus For Christmas . Apple Inc . Retrieved October 28 , 2017 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_Want_a_Hippopotamus_for_Christmas&oldid=818171646 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1953 songs </Li> <Li> 2009 singles </Li> <Li> Christmas novelty songs </Li> <Li> American Christmas songs </Li> <Li> Songs about animals </Li> <Li> Columbia Records singles </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with Internet Archive links </Li> <Li> Pages using citations with format and no URL </Li> <Li> Use mdy dates from September 2012 </Li> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> <Li> All articles with vague or ambiguous time </Li> <Li> Vague or ambiguous time from August 2017 </Li> <Li> All articles with unsourced statements </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Deutsch </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 2 January 2018 , at 00 : 57 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> | The original "I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas" was sung by | [
"Gayla Peevey"
] | 152 | Who sang original i want a hippopotamus for christmas? |
-4094761539773366482 | Intolerable Acts - wikipedia <H1> Intolerable Acts </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> This article is part of a series about the </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> American Revolution 1765 -- 1783 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Origins ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Sugar Act </Li> <Li> Currency Act </Li> <Li> Quartering Acts </Li> <Li> Stamp Act 1765 </Li> <Li> Declaratory Act </Li> <Li> No taxation without representation </Li> <Li> Townshend Acts </Li> <Li> Tea Act </Li> <Li> Boston Massacre </Li> <Li> Boston Tea Party </Li> <Li> Intolerable Acts </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Revolutionary War ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Continental Army </Li> <Li> Continental Navy </Li> <Li> Minutemen </Li> <Li> Battles </Li> <Li> Intelligence </Li> <Li> Treaty of Paris </Li> <Li> Costs </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Declaration of Independence ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Continental Congress </Li> <Li> Committee of Five </Li> <Li> Lee Resolution </Li> <Li> Articles of Confederation </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United States Constitution ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Philadelphia Convention </Li> <Li> Annapolis Convention </Li> <Li> The Federalist Papers </Li> <Li> Bill of Rights </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> A New Republic ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Republicanism </Li> <Li> American Enlightenment </Li> <Li> Liberalism </Li> <Li> First Great Awakening </Li> <Li> Role of Women </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Legacy ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Atlantic Revolutions </Li> <Li> Bicentennial </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Intolerable Acts was the term used by American Patriots for a series of punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Boston Tea Party . The laws were meant to punish the Massachusetts colonists for their defiance in the Boston Tea Party protest in reaction to changes in taxation by the British to the detriment of Colonial goods . In Great Britain , these laws were referred to as the Coercive Acts . </P> <P> The acts took away self - governance and historic rights of Massachusetts , triggering outrage and resistance in the Thirteen Colonies . They were key developments in the outbreak of the American Revolution in 1775 . </P> <P> Four of the acts were issued in direct response to the Boston Tea Party of December 1773 . The British Parliament hoped these punitive measures would , by making an example of Massachusetts , reverse the trend of colonial resistance to parliamentary authority that had begun with the 1764 Sugar Act . A fifth act , the Quebec Act , enlarged the boundaries of what was then the Province of Quebec and instituted reforms generally favorable to the French Catholic inhabitants of the region ; although unrelated to the other four Acts , it was passed in the same legislative session and seen by the colonists as one of the Intolerable Acts . The Patriots viewed the acts as an arbitrary violation of the rights of Massachusetts , and in September 1774 they organized the First Continental Congress to coordinate a protest . As tensions escalated , the American Revolutionary War broke out in April 1775 , leading in July 1776 to the declaration of an independent United States of America . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Passage </Li> <Li> 3 The Acts </Li> <Li> 4 Effects </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> This Patriot cartoon depicting the Coercive Acts as the forcing of tea on a Native American woman ( a symbol of the American colonies ) was copied and distributed in the Thirteen Colonies . <P> Relations between the Thirteen Colonies and the British Parliament slowly but steadily worsened after the end of the Seven Years ' War ( French and Indian War ) in 1763 . The war had plunged the British government deep into debt , and so the British Parliament enacted a series of measures to increase tax revenue from the colonies . Parliament believed that these acts , such as the Stamp Act of 1765 and the Townshend Acts of 1767 , were legitimate means of having the colonies pay their fair share of the costs of maintaining the British Empire . Although protests led to the repeal of the Stamp and Townshend Acts , Parliament adhered to the position that it had the right to legislate for the colonies `` in all cases whatsoever '' in the Declaratory Act of 1766 . </P> <P> A further tension especially with the Southern colonies was the Somerset v Stewart ruling of 1772 in which chattel slavery of humans was found totally unsupported in common law and as England had no statute for it , unenforceable . As the `` slave owner '' concerned ( Stewart ) was from another British colony ( Jamaica ) this evolution ending slavery at common law was very disturbing to colonists travelling with servants. . </P> <P> Many colonists , either sincerely or with motives to avoid English imposed law as above , developed a different conception of the British Empire . Under the British Constitution , they argued , a British subject 's property could not be taken from him ( in the form of taxes ) without his consent ( in the form of representation in government ) . Therefore , because the colonies were not directly represented in Parliament , some colonists insisted that Parliament had no right to levy taxes upon them , a view expressed by the slogan `` No taxation without representation . '' After the Townshend Acts , some colonial essayists took this line of thinking even further , and began to question whether Parliament had any legitimate jurisdiction in the colonies at all . This question of the extent of Parliament 's sovereignty in the colonies was the issue underlying what became the American Revolution . </P> <H2> Passage ( edit ) </H2> <P> On December 16 , 1773 , a group of Patriot colonists associated with the Sons of Liberty destroyed 342 chests of tea in Boston , Massachusetts , an act that came to be known as the Boston Tea Party . The colonists partook in this action because Parliament had passed the Tea Act , which granted the British East India Company a monopoly on tea sales in the colonies , thereby saving the company from bankruptcy . This made British tea less expensive , which Parliament thought would be a welcome change in the colonies . In addition , there was added a small tax on which the colonists were not allowed to give their consent , but the tea still remained less expensive even with the tax . Again , Parliament taxed the colonists without their representation . This angered the colonists . News of the Boston Tea Party reached England in January 1774 . Parliament responded by passing four laws . Three of the laws were intended to directly punish Massachusetts . This was for destruction of private property , to restore British authority in Massachusetts , and to otherwise reform colonial government in America . </P> <P> On April 22 , 1774 , Prime Minister Lord North defended the programme in the House of Commons , saying : </P> <P> The Americans have tarred and feathered your subjects , plundered your merchants , burnt your ships , denied all obedience to your laws and authority ; yet so clement and so long forbearing has our conduct been that it is incumbent on us now to take a different course . Whatever may be the consequences , we must risk something ; if we do not , all is over . </P> <H2> The Acts ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Boston Port Act , the first of the laws passed in 1774 in response to the Boston Tea Party . It closed the port of Boston until the colonists paid for the destroyed tea and until the king was satisfied that order had been restored . Colonists objected that the Port Act punished all of Boston rather than just the individuals who had destroyed the tea , and that they were being punished without having been given an opportunity to testify in their own defense . </P> <P> The Massachusetts Government Act provoked even more outrage than the Port Act because it unilaterally took away Massachusetts ' charter and brought it under control of the British government . Under the terms of the Government Act , almost all positions in the colonial government were to be appointed by the governor , Parliament , or king . The act also severely limited the activities of town meetings in Massachusetts to one meeting a year , unless the Governor called for one . Colonists outside Massachusetts feared that their governments could now also be changed by the legislative fiat of Parliament . </P> <P> The Administration of Justice Act allowed the Royal governor to order that trials of accused royal officials take place in Great Britain or elsewhere within the Empire if he decided that the defendant could not get a fair trial in Massachusetts . Although the act stipulated for witnesses to be reimbursed after having traveled at their own expense across the Atlantic , it was not stipulated that this would include reimbursement for lost earnings during the period for which they would be unable to work , leaving few with the ability to testify . George Washington called this the `` Murder Act '' because he believed that it allowed British officials to harass Americans and then escape justice . Many colonists believed the act was unnecessary because British soldiers had been given a fair trial following the Boston Massacre in 1770 . </P> <P> The Quartering Act applied to all of the colonies , and sought to create a more effective method of housing British troops in America . In a previous act , the colonies had been required to provide housing for soldiers , but colonial legislatures had been uncooperative in doing so . The new Quartering Act allowed a governor to house soldiers in other buildings if suitable quarters were not provided . While many sources claim that the Quartering Act allowed troops to be billeted in occupied private homes , historian David Ammerman 's 1974 study claimed that this is a myth , and that the act only permitted troops to be quartered in unoccupied buildings . </P> <H2> Effects ( edit ) </H2> <P> Many colonists saw the Coercive Acts ( Intolerable Acts ) as a violation of their constitutional rights , their natural rights , and their colonial charters . They , therefore , viewed the acts as a threat to the liberties of all of British America , not just Massachusetts . Richard Henry Lee of Virginia , for example , described the acts as `` a most wicked System for destroying the liberty of America . '' </P> <P> The citizens of Boston not only viewed this as an act of unnecessary and cruel punishment , but the Coercive Acts drew hatred toward Britain even further . As a result of the Coercive Acts , even more colonists turned against British rule . </P> <P> Great Britain hoped that the Coercive Acts would isolate radicals in Massachusetts and cause American colonists to concede the authority of Parliament over their elected assemblies . It was a calculated risk that backfired , however , because the harshness of some of the acts made it difficult for moderates in the colonies to speak in favor of Parliament . The acts promoted sympathy for Massachusetts and encouraged colonists from the otherwise diverse colonies to form committees of correspondence which sent delegates to the First Continental Congress . The Continental Congress created the Continental Association , an agreement to boycott British goods . Additionally , it was decided that if the Coercive Acts were not reversed after a year , goods were to stop being exported to Great Britain as well . The Congress also pledged to support Massachusetts in case of attack , which meant | After the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed | [
"The Intolerable Acts"
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5639549384591145661 | 2017 NFL season - wikipedia <H1> 2017 NFL season </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the American football season in the United States . For the Gaelic football season in Ireland , see 2017 National Football League ( Ireland ) . <Table> 2017 National Football League season <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Regular season </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Duration </Th> <Td> September 7 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 07 ) -- December 31 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 31 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Playoffs </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Start date </Th> <Td> January 6 , 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> AFC Champions </Th> <Td> New England Patriots </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> NFC Champions </Th> <Td> Philadelphia Eagles </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Super Bowl LII </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> February 4 , 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Site </Th> <Td> U.S. Bank Stadium , Minneapolis , Minnesota </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Pro Bowl </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> January 28 , 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Site </Th> <Td> Camping World Stadium , Orlando , Florida </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> ← 2016 </Li> <Li> NFL seasons </Li> <Li> 2018 → </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The 2017 NFL season is the 98th and current season in the history of the National Football League ( NFL ) . The season began on September 7 , 2017 , with the Kansas City Chiefs defeating the defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots 42 -- 27 in the NFL Kickoff Game . The season will conclude on February 4 , 2018 , with Super Bowl LII which will pit the National Football Conference ( NFC ) champion Philadelphia Eagles against the American Football Conference ( AFC ) champion New England Patriots . </P> <P> For the second consecutive year , a team relocated to the Los Angeles metropolitan area , as the former San Diego Chargers announced their intent to relocate to the area in January 2017 . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Player movements and retirements <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Free agency </Li> <Li> 1.2 Trades </Li> <Li> 1.3 Notable retirements <Ul> <Li> 1.3. 1 Others </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.4 Draft </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Preseason </Li> <Li> 3 Regular season </Li> <Li> 4 In - season scheduling changes </Li> <Li> 5 Regular season standings <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Division </Li> <Li> 5.2 Conference </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Postseason <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Bracket </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Notable events <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Anthem protests </Li> <Li> 7.2 Sale of the Carolina Panthers </Li> <Li> 7.3 2017 deaths <Ul> <Li> 7.3. 1 Dan Rooney </Li> <Li> 7.3. 2 Members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame </Li> <Li> 7.3. 3 Other notable deaths </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Rule changes </Li> <Li> 9 Records , milestones , and notable statistics <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Postseason </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 Awards <Ul> <Li> 10.1 All - Pro team </Li> <Li> 10.2 Players of the week / month </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Head coaching and front office personnel changes <Ul> <Li> 11.1 Head coaches <Ul> <Li> 11.1. 1 Offseason </Li> <Li> 11.1. 2 In - season </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11.2 Front office personnel <Ul> <Li> 11.2. 1 Offseason </Li> <Li> 11.2. 2 In - season </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 12 Stadiums <Ul> <Li> 12.1 Atlanta Falcons </Li> <Li> 12.2 Relocations <Ul> <Li> 12.2. 1 San Diego Chargers ' relocation to Los Angeles </Li> <Li> 12.2. 2 Oakland Raiders ' relocation to Las Vegas </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 12.3 Attendance </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 13 New uniforms and patches </Li> <Li> 14 Media <Ul> <Li> 14.1 Broadcast rights <Ul> <Li> 14.1. 1 Television </Li> <Li> 14.1. 2 Digital </Li> <Li> 14.1. 3 Radio </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 14.2 Commercials </Li> <Li> 14.3 Personnel changes </Li> <Li> 14.4 Most watched regular season games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 15 References </Li> </Ul> <H2> Player movements and retirements ( edit ) </H2> <P> The 2017 NFL League year began on March 9 at 4 : 00 p.m. ET . On March 7 , clubs were allowed to contact and enter into contract negotiations with the agents of players who became unrestricted free agents upon the expiration of their contracts two days later . On March 9 , clubs exercised options for 2017 on players who have option clauses in their contracts , submitted qualifying offers to their restricted free agents with expiring contracts and to whom desire to retain a Right of Refusal / Compensation , submitted a Minimum Salary Tender to retain exclusive negotiating rights to their players with expiring 2016 contracts and who have fewer than three accrued seasons of free agent credit , and teams were required to be under the salary cap using the `` Top - 51 '' definition ( in which the 51 highest paid - players on the team 's payroll must have a collected salary cap hit below the actual cap ) . The 2017 trading period also began the same day . </P> <H3> Free agency ( edit ) </H3> <P> A total of 496 players were eligible for some form of free agency at the beginning of the free agency period . Among the high - profile players who changed teams via free agency were cornerbacks A.J. Bouye ( from Texans to Jaguars ) , Logan Ryan ( from Patriots to Titans ) , and Stephon Gilmore ( from Bills to Patriots ) ; safeties Barry Church ( from Cowboys to Jaguars ) , Johnathan Cyprien ( from Jaguars to Titans ) , Micah Hyde ( from Packers to Bills ) , and Tony Jefferson ( from Cardinals to Ravens ) ; linebackers Jabaal Sheard ( from Patriots to Colts ) , Malcolm Smith ( from Raiders to 49ers ) , and Manti Te'o ( from Chargers to Saints ) ; defensive tackles Johnathan Hankins ( from Giants to Colts ) and Calais Campbell ( from Cardinals to Jaguars ) ; offensive tackles Andrew Whitworth ( from Bengals to Rams ) , Kelvin Beachum ( from Jaguars to Jets ) , Matt Kalil ( from Vikings to Panthers ) , Mike Remmers ( from Panthers to Vikings ) , Ricky Wagner ( from Ravens to Lions ) , Riley Reiff ( from Lions to Vikings ) , and Russell Okung ( from Broncos to Chargers ) ; offensive guards Kevin Zeitler ( from Bengals to Browns ) , Larry Warford ( from Lions to Saints ) , Ronald Leary ( from Cowboys to Broncos ) , and T.J. Lang ( from Packers to Lions ) ; tight ends Martellus Bennett ( from Patriots to Packers ) and Jared Cook ( from Packers to Raiders ) ; wide receivers Alshon Jeffery ( from Bears to Eagles ) , Brandon Marshall ( from Jets to Giants ) , DeSean Jackson ( from Redskins to Buccaneers ) , Kenny Britt ( from Rams to Browns ) , Pierre Garçon ( from Redskins to 49ers ) , Robert Woods ( from Bills to Rams ) , Terrelle Pryor ( from Browns to Redskins ) , and Torrey Smith ( from 49ers to Eagles ) ; running backs Latavius Murray ( from Raiders to Vikings ) , Adrian Peterson ( from Vikings to Saints ) , Eddie Lacy ( from Packers to Seahawks ) , and Jamaal Charles ( from Chiefs to Broncos ) ; fullbacks Mike Tolbert ( from Panthers to Bills ) and Patrick DiMarco ( from Falcons to Bills ) ; quarterback Mike Glennon ( from Buccaneers to Bears ) . </P> <H3> Trades ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> March 9 : The Jacksonville Jaguars traded tight end Julius Thomas to the Miami Dolphins in exchange for a seventh - round draft pick . </Li> <Li> March 9 : The Miami Dolphins traded offensive tackle Branden Albert to the Jacksonville Jaguars in exchange for a 2018 seventh - round draft pick . </Li> <Li> March 9 : The Houston Texans traded quarterback Brock Osweiler , a 2018 second - round draft pick and a sixth - round draft pick to the Cleveland Browns in exchange for a fourth - round compensatory draft pick . </Li> <Li> March 9 : The Indianapolis Colts traded tight end Dwayne Allen and a sixth - round draft pick to the New England Patriots in exchange for a fourth - round draft pick . </Li> <Li> March 9 : The Los Angeles Rams traded defensive end William Hayes along with a seventh - round draft pick to the Miami Dolphins in exchange for a sixth - round draft pick . </Li> <Li> March 10 : The New Orleans Saints traded wide receiver Brandin Cooks and a fourth - round draft pick to the New England Patriots in exchange for a first and third - round draft pick . </Li> <Li> March 10 : The Carolina Panthers traded defensive end Kony Ealy and a third - round draft pick to the New England Patriots in exchange for a second - round draft pick . </Li> <Li> March 15 : The Baltimore Ravens traded center Jeremy Zuttah and a sixth - round draft pick to the San Francisco 49ers for their sixth - round draft pick . </Li> <Li> April 4 : The Baltimore Ravens traded defensive tackle Timmy Jernigan and a third - round draft pick to the Philadelphia Eagles in exchange for a third - round draft pick . </Li> <Li> April 26 : The Seattle Seahawks traded the contract rights of previously retired running back Marshawn Lynch and a 2018 sixth - round draft pick to the Oakland Raiders for a 2018 fifth - round draft pick . </Li> <Li> August 11 : The Buffalo Bills traded wide receiver Sammy Watkins and a 2018 sixth - round draft pick to the Los Angeles Rams for cornerback E.J. Gaines and a 2018 second - round draft pick . That same day , the Bills traded cornerback Ronald Darby to the Philadelphia Eagles for wide receiver Jordan Matthews and a 2018 third - round draft pick . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Notable retirements ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Tony Romo : On April 4 , before his release from the Dallas Cowboys , Romo announced his retirement from professional football . Shortly after his release , it was announced by CBS that he would join the network as a lead NFL game analyst , joining a team also consisting of Jim Nantz and Tracy Wolfson . </Li> <Li> At one point , Jay Cutler had also announced retirement , but later rescinded and signed with the Miami Dolphins . Cutler previously played for the Chicago Bears . </Li> </Ul> Others ( edit ) <Ul> <Li> Anquan Boldin </Li> <Li> Reggie Bush </Li> <Li> Josh Cribbs </Li> <Li> King Dunlap </Li> <Li> Brandon Flowers </Li> <Li> Justin Forsett </Li> <Li> Doug Free </Li> <Li> Chad Greenway </Li> <Li> Percy Harvin </Li> <Li> A.J. Hawk </Li> <Li> Devin Hester </Li> <Li> Rashad Jennings </Li> <Li> Andre Johnson </Li> <Li> James Jones </Li> <Li> Terrance Knighton </Li> <Li> James Laurinaitis </Li> <Li> Jake Long </Li> <Li> Robert Mathis </Li> <Li> Pat McAfee </Li> <Li> Darren McFadden </Li> <Li> Lance Moore </Li> <Li> Rob Ninkovich </Li> <Li> Carson Palmer </Li> <Li> Jerraud Powers </Li> <Li> Steve Smith Sr . </Li> <Li> Stephen Tulloch </Li> <Li> John Urschel </Li> <Li> Michael Vick </Li> <Li> DeMarcus Ware </Li> <Li> Roddy White </Li> <Li> Vince Wilfork </Li> </Ul> <H3> Draft ( edit ) </H3> For more details on this topic , see 2017 NFL draft . <P> The 2017 NFL Draft was held on April 27 -- 29 in Philadelphia . The Cleveland Browns selected Myles Garrett with the first overall pick . </P> <H2> Preseason ( edit ) </H2> <P> Training camps for the 2017 season were held in late July through August . Teams started training camp no earlier than 15 days before the team 's first scheduled preseason game . </P> <P> Prior to the start of the regular season , each | The end of the football season is on | [
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5478391725045473537 | Zachary Quinto - wikipedia <H1> Zachary Quinto </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Zachary Quinto </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Quinto at the 2016 San Diego Comic - Con International </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Zachary John Quinto ( 1977 - 06 - 02 ) June 2 , 1977 ( age 40 ) Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Residence </Th> <Td> Manhattan , New York , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other names </Th> <Td> PY </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alma mater </Th> <Td> Carnegie Mellon University </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Actor </Li> <Li> producer </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 2000 -- present </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Partner ( s ) </Th> <Td> Miles McMillan ( 2013 -- present ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Zachary John Quinto ( / ˈkwɪntoʊ / ; born June 2 , 1977 ) is an American actor and film producer . He is best known for his roles as Sylar on the science fiction drama series Heroes ( 2006 -- 2010 ) , Spock in the reboot Star Trek ( 2009 ) and its sequels Star Trek Into Darkness ( 2013 ) and Star Trek Beyond ( 2016 ) , as well as his Emmy nominated performance in American Horror Story : Asylum . He also appeared in smaller roles on television series such as So NoTORIous , The Slap , and 24 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early life </Li> <Li> 2 Career </Li> <Li> 3 Personal life </Li> <Li> 4 Filmography <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Film </Li> <Li> 4.2 Television </Li> <Li> 4.3 Stage </Li> <Li> 4.4 Video games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Awards and nominations </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Quinto was born in Pittsburgh , and grew up in the suburb of Green Tree , Pennsylvania . He attended Saints Simon and Jude Catholic School ( closed 2010 ) . His mother , Margaret J. `` Margo '' ( née McArdle ) , worked at an investment firm and later at a magistrate 's office . His father , Joseph John `` Joe '' Quinto , a barber , died of cancer when Quinto was seven years old . Quinto and his brother , Joe , were subsequently raised by their mother . He grew up Catholic . His father was of Italian descent , while his mother is of Irish ancestry . Quinto graduated from Central Catholic High School in 1995 , where he participated in its musicals and won the Gene Kelly Award for Best Supporting Actor , and then attended Carnegie Mellon University 's School of Drama , from which he graduated in 1999 . </P> <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> <P> Quinto first appeared on television in the short - lived television series The Others , and appeared as a guest star on shows including CSI , Touched by an Angel , Charmed , Six Feet Under , Lizzie McGuire , and L.A. Dragnet . In 2003 , during the theatrical run of Endgame by Samuel Beckett , directed by Kristina Lloyd at the Odyssey Theatre in Los Angeles playing the role of Clov , he landed a recurring role as computer expert Adam Kaufman on the Fox series 24 ; Quinto appeared in 23 episodes of the third season . </P> Quinto at the premiere party of Heroes ' third season in 2008 <P> In 2006 , Quinto played the role of Sasan : the haughty , gay Iranian - American best friend of Tori Spelling on her VH1 series So NoTORIous . Later that year , he joined the cast of Heroes as Gabriel Gray , better known as the serial killer Sylar . He worked on the series until its cancellation in 2010 after four seasons . </P> <P> His casting as a young Spock in the J.J. Abrams - directed reboot of the Star Trek film franchise was officially announced at the 2007 Comic - Con . </P> <P> Speaking alongside Leonard Nimoy at a press conference to promote the new Star Trek film , Quinto revealed that Nimoy had been given casting approval over who would play the role of the young Spock . `` For me Leonard 's involvement was only liberating , frankly , '' says Quinto . `` I knew that he had approval over the actor that would play young Spock , so when I got the role I knew from the beginning it was with his blessing . '' </P> <P> In a September 2008 interview , Abrams said of Quinto 's performance as Spock : `` Zachary brought a gravity and an incredible sense of humor , which is a wonderful combination because Spock 's character is deceivingly complicated . The revelation for me watching the movie , when I finally got to watch the whole thing after working on sequences , was that he is extraordinary . He was doing things I did n't even realize while we were shooting -- these amazing things to track his story . '' Quinto also made references to Star Trek 's historical record for diversity and inclusiveness in its casting and storylines , and said that he hoped the looming election of Barack Obama would build that dynamic towards the film 's May 2009 release date . </P> <P> After Star Trek , he appeared in the comedy short Boutonniere ( 2009 ) . It `` ... was a movie written and directed by my former landlady and friend , ( actress Coley Sohn ) . She called up and said , ' Would you do me a favor and be in my short film ? ' '' </P> Karl Urban , Quinto , J.J. Abrams , and Chris Pine at the Star Trek Into Darkness Australian movie premiere in Sydney , April 2013 <P> In 2008 , Quinto joined with Corey Moosa and Neal Dodson to form Before the Door Pictures . The company produced projects in film , television , new media , and published two graphic novels in a deal with comic book publisher Archaia Entertainment : they published a graphic novel called Mr. Murder is Dead , created by writer Victor Quinaz , closely followed by LUCID : A Matthew Dee Adventure written by writer / actor Michael McMillian . </P> <P> Quinto also starred in several comedy shorts . He played a strangely lovable kidnapper in `` Hostage : A Love Story '' , written by the comedy duo HoltandSteele , for Before the Door Pictures and www.FunnyOrDie.com . He also played a prospective dog adopter ( based on Quinto 's own experience ) in `` Dog Eat Dog '' , written and directed by Sian Heder , and premiered at the Los Angeles Film Festival in 2012 . </P> <P> Quinto has also kept up his theatre experience , which includes roles in a variety of productions , including classics such as Samuel Beckett 's Endgame at the Los Angeles Odyssey Theatres in 2003 , Shakespeare 's Much Ado About Nothing at the Los Angeles Shakespeare Festival and Intelligent Design of Jenny Chow at the Old Globe Theatre . From October 2010 to February 2011 , Quinto played the lead role of Louis Ironson in an Off - Broadway revival of Tony Kushner 's Angels in America at the Signature Theatre , New York City . For this role , Quinto received the Theatreworld Outstanding Debut Performance award . </P> Quinto at a Midtown Comics signing in 2011 <P> In 2013 , Quinto played the role of Tom Wingfield in the American Repertory Theatre 's production of The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams . He was also in the Broadway reprisal of the production , in 2014 . In February 2016 , Zachary will appear in the New York premiere of MCC Theater 's Smokefall . </P> <P> In 2010 , Quinto 's company Before the Door Pictures produced Margin Call , an independent film about the financial crisis . Quinto played the role of Peter Sullivan in the film , in a cast that included Jeremy Irons , Kevin Spacey , Stanley Tucci , Penn Badgley and Demi Moore . Margin Call premiered in January 2011 at the Sundance Film Festival . Margin Call received an Oscar nomination for Best Original Screenplay , by J.C. Chandor . Quinto was an executive producer for Chandor 's next film All Is Lost ( 2013 ) with Robert Redford as the sole actor . </P> <P> Not leaving television behind , in October 2011 , Quinto began a recurring role on the FX series American Horror Story as Chad , former owner of the house . Quinto returned for the second season in one of the lead roles , as Dr. Oliver Thredson . In 2014 , Zachary and his Before the Door partners produced a Chris Moore project , The Chair , a documentary series on Starz that shows the process of two directors bringing their first feature to the screen . In 2015 , Quinto was a guest on the acclaimed TV series Girls and Hannibal . </P> <P> Movie-wise , Quinto reprised his role of Spock in Star Trek Into Darkness in 2013 and in Star Trek Beyond , released in 2016 . In addition , he played John Smith in Hitman : Agent 47 in 2015 . At the other end of the spectrum from the action - oriented Agent 47 , Quinto appeared opposite James Franco in the drama I Am Michael ( 2015 ) , a film that premiered at the Sundance Film Festival . In 2016 , he portrayed journalist Glenn Greenwald in the Edward Snowden biopic Snowden , narrated , as space scientist Pascal Lee , in the documentary film Passage to Mars , and appeared as himself in the documentary film For the Love of Spock . </P> <P> He has modeled for magazines including GQ and August . </P> <H2> Personal life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Quinto publicly came out as gay in October 2011 . He explained that , after the suicide of bisexual teenager Jamey Rodemeyer , he realized `` that living a gay life without publicly acknowledging it is simply not enough to make any significant contribution to the immense work that lies ahead on the road to complete equality . '' Prior to his coming out , Quinto had long been an active supporter of gay rights and organizations , including the Trevor Project . In 2009 , he appeared in the one - night production Standing on Ceremony : The Gay Marriage Plays , a benefit stage reading in response to the passing of Proposition 8 , as well as in the play The Laramie Project : 10 Years Later , about the 1998 murder of Matthew Shepard . In 2010 , Quinto contributed a video to the It Gets Better Project , an Internet - based campaign that aims to prevent suicide among LGBT youth . In 2012 Quinto campaigned on behalf of Barack Obama , including appearing in the video Obama Pride : LGBT Americans For Obama . </P> <P> Quinto began dating model and painter Miles McMillan in the summer of 2013 . In early 2015 , the couple moved into an apartment in Manhattan they purchased together . In November 2015 Vogue magazine called them `` a power couple whose domain extends across the film , fashion , and art scene . '' </P> <P> In 2017 , Quinto criticized the timing of actor Kevin Spacey 's decision to come out as part of his response to allegations of sexual advances towards then - 14 - year - old actor Anthony Rapp . He called the manner of Spacey 's announcement `` deeply sad and troubling '' , feeling he had not stood up `` as a point of pride -- in the light of all his many awards and accomplishments -- thus inspiring tens of thousands of struggling LGBTQ kids around the world '' , but instead as | In the new Star Trek movies, the role of Spock is played by | [
"Zachary John Quinto"
] | 142 | Who plays spock in the new star trek movies? |
-7438513259629345624 | Alpha Centauri - wikipedia <H1> Alpha Centauri </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about `` α Centauri '' . For `` a Centauri '' , see HD 125823 . For `` A Centauri '' , see A Centauri . For other uses , see Alpha Centauri ( disambiguation ) . `` Toliman '' redirects here . For other uses , see Toliman ( disambiguation ) . <Table> Alpha Centauri <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> α Centauri AB is the bright star to the left , with Proxima Centauri circled in red . The bright star to the right is β Centauri </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Observation data Epoch J2000. 0 Equinox J2000. 0 </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Constellation </Td> <Td> Centaurus </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Alpha Centauri A </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Right ascension </Td> <Td> 14 39 36.49400 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Declination </Td> <Td> -- 60 ° 50 ′ 02.3737 '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Apparent magnitude ( V ) </Td> <Td> + 0.01 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Alpha Centauri B </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Right ascension </Td> <Td> 14 39 35.06311 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Declination </Td> <Td> -- 60 ° 50 ′ 15.0992 '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Apparent magnitude ( V ) </Td> <Td> + 1.33 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Characteristics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spectral type </Th> <Td> G2V </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> U − B colour index </Th> <Td> + 0.24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B − V colour index </Th> <Td> + 0.71 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spectral type </Th> <Td> K1V </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> U − B colour index </Th> <Td> + 0.68 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B − V colour index </Th> <Td> + 0.88 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Astrometry </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Radial velocity ( R ) </Td> <Td> 2998786000000000000 ♠ − 21.4 ± 0.76 km / s </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Proper motion ( μ ) </Td> <Td> RA : − 3679.25 mas / yr Dec. : 473.67 mas / yr </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Parallax ( π ) </Td> <Td> 754.81 ± 4.11 mas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Distance </Td> <Td> 4.37 ly </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Absolute magnitude ( M ) </Td> <Td> 4.38 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Radial velocity ( R ) </Td> <Td> 2998814000000000000 ♠ − 18.6 ± 1.64 km / s </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Proper motion ( μ ) </Td> <Td> RA : − 3614.39 mas / yr Dec. : 802.98 mas / yr </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Parallax ( π ) </Td> <Td> 754.81 ± 4.11 mas </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Distance </Td> <Td> 4.37 ly </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Absolute magnitude ( M ) </Td> <Td> 5.71 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Details </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Alpha Centauri A </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mass </Td> <Td> 1.100 M </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Radius </Td> <Td> 7000122340000000000 ♠ 1.2234 ± 0.0053 R </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luminosity </Td> <Td> 1.519 L </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Surface gravity ( log g ) </Td> <Td> 4.30 cgs </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Temperature </Td> <Td> 5,790 K </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Metallicity ( Fe / H ) </Td> <Td> 0.20 dex </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rotation </Td> <Td> 22 days </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Age </Td> <Td> ≈ 4.4 Gyr </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Alpha Centauri B </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mass </Td> <Td> 0.907 M </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Radius </Td> <Td> 6999863200000000000 ♠ 0.8632 ± 0.0037 R </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Luminosity </Td> <Td> 0.5002 L </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Surface gravity ( log g ) </Td> <Td> 4.37 cgs </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Temperature </Td> <Td> 5,260 K </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Metallicity </Td> <Td> 0.23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rotation </Td> <Td> 41 days </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Age </Td> <Td> ≈ 6.5 Gyr </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Orbit </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Primary </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Companion </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Period ( P ) </Td> <Td> 7001799100000000000 ♠ 79.91 ± 0.011 yr </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Semi-major axis ( a ) </Td> <Td> 7001175700000000000 ♠ 17.57 ± 0.022 '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Eccentricity ( e ) </Td> <Td> 6999517900000000000 ♠ 0.5179 ± 0.000 76 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Inclination ( i ) </Td> <Td> 7001792050000000000 ♠ 79.205 ± 0.041 ° </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Longitude of the node ( Ω ) </Td> <Td> 7002204850000000000 ♠ 204.85 ± 0.084 ° </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Periastron epoch ( T ) </Td> <Td> 7003187566000000000 ♠ 1875. 66 ± 0.012 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Argument of periastron ( ω ) ( secondary ) </Td> <Td> 7002231650000000000 ♠ 231.65 ± 0.076 ° </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Other designations </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Toliman , Bungula , Gliese 559 , FK5 538 , CD − 60 ° 5483 , CCDM J14396 - 6050 , GC 19728 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> α Cen A : Rigil Kentaurus , Rigil Kent , α Centauri , HR 5459 , HD 128620 , GCTP 3309.00 , LHS 50 , SAO 252838 , HIP 71683 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> α Cen B : α Centauri , HR 5460 , HD 128621 , LHS 51 , HIP 71681 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Database references </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> SIMBAD </Td> <Td> AB </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Exoplanet Archive </Td> <Td> data </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ARICNS </Td> <Td> data </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia </Td> <Td> data </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Alpha Centauri ( α Centauri , abbreviated Alpha Cen , α Cen ) is the closest star system to the Solar System , being 4.37 light - years ( 1.34 pc ) from the Sun . It consists of three stars : Alpha Centauri A ( also named Rigil Kentaurus ) and Alpha Centauri B , which form the binary star Alpha Centauri AB , and a small and faint red dwarf , Alpha Centauri C ( also named Proxima Centauri ) , which is loosely gravitationally bound and orbiting the other two at a current distance of about 13,000 astronomical units ( 0.21 ly ) . To the unaided eye , the two main components appear as a single point of light with an apparent visual magnitude of − 0.27 , forming the brightest star in the southern constellation of Centaurus and is the third - brightest star in the night sky , outshone only by Sirius and Canopus . </P> <P> Alpha Centauri A ( α Cen A ) has 1.1 times the mass and 1.519 times the luminosity of the Sun , while Alpha Centauri B ( α Cen B) is smaller and cooler , at 0.907 times the Sun 's mass and 0.445 times its visual luminosity . During the pair 's 79.91 - year orbit about a common centre , the distance between them varies from nearly that between Pluto and the Sun ( 35.6 AU ) to that between Saturn and the Sun ( 11.2 AU ) . </P> <P> Proxima Centauri ( α Cen C ) is at the slightly smaller distance of 4.24 light - years ( 1.30 pc ) from the Sun , making it the closest star to the Sun , even though it is not visible to the naked eye . The separation of Proxima from Alpha Centauri AB is about 13,000 astronomical units ( 0.21 ly ) , equivalent to about 430 times the size of Neptune 's orbit . Proxima Centauri b , an Earth - sized exoplanet in the habitable zone of Proxima Centauri , was discovered in 2016 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Nomenclature </Li> <Li> 2 Nature and components <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Alpha Centauri A </Li> <Li> 2.2 Alpha Centauri B </Li> <Li> 2.3 Alpha Centauri C ( Proxima Centauri ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Observation </Li> <Li> 4 Observational history </Li> <Li> 5 Binary system <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Proxima Centauri </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Kinematics <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Predicted Future Changes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Planets <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Proxima Centauri b </Li> <Li> 7.2 Alpha Centauri Bb & Bc </Li> <Li> 7.3 Possible detection of another planet </Li> <Li> 7.4 Possibility of additional planets </Li> <Li> 7.5 Theoretical planets </Li> <Li> 7.6 Circumstellar discs </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 View from this system <Ul> <Li> 8.1 From Proxima Centauri b </Li> <Li> 8.2 From a hypothetical A or B planet </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Other names </Li> <Li> 10 Exploration </Li> <Li> 11 Distance </Li> <Li> 12 See also </Li> <Li> 13 Notes </Li> <Li> 14 References </Li> <Li> 15 External links <Ul> <Li> 15.1 Hypothetical planets or exploration </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Nomenclature ( edit ) </H2> <P> α Centauri ( Latinised to Alpha Centauri ) is the system 's Bayer designation . It bore the traditional name Rigil Kentaurus , which is a latinisation of the Arabic name رجل القنطورس Rijl al - Qanṭūris , meaning `` Foot of the Centaur '' . </P> <P> Alpha Centauri C was discovered in 1915 by the Scottish astronomer Robert Innes , Director of the Union Observatory in Johannesburg , South Africa , who suggested that it be named Proxima Centauri ( actually Proxima Centaurus ) . The name is from Latin , meaning ' nearest ( star ) of Centaurus ' . </P> <P> In 2016 , the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names ( WGSN ) to catalog and standardize proper names for stars . The WGSN states that in the case of multiple stars the name should be understood to be attributed to the brightest component by visual brightness . The WGSN approved the name Proxima Centauri for Alpha Centauri C on 21 August 2016 and the name Rigil Kentaurus for Alpha Centauri A on 6 November 2016 . They are now both so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names . </P> <H2> Nature and components ( edit ) </H2> Nature timeline view discuss edit - 13 -- -- - 12 -- -- - 11 -- -- - 10 -- -- - 9 -- -- - 8 -- -- - 7 -- -- - 6 -- -- - 5 -- -- - 4 -- -- - 3 -- -- - 2 -- -- - 1 -- -- 0 -- cosmic expansion Earliest light cosmic speed - up Solar System water Single - celled life photosynthesis Multicellular life Land life Earliest gravity Dark energy Dark matter ← Earliest universe ( − 13.80 ) ← Earliest galaxy ← Earliest quasar / sbh ← Omega Centauri forms ← Andromeda Galaxy forms ← Milky Way Galaxy spiral arms form ← Alpha Centauri forms ← Earliest Earth ( − 4.54 ) ← Earliest life ← Earliest oxygen ← Atmospheric oxygen ← Earliest sexual reproduction ← Cambrian explosion ← Earliest humans i f r i m o r d i l Axis scale : billions of years ago . Also see : Human timeline and Life timeline The relative sizes and colours of stars in the Alpha Centauri system , compared to the Sun <P> Alpha Centauri is the name given to what appears as a single star to the naked eye and the brightest star in the southern constellation of Centaurus . At − 0.27 apparent visual magnitude ( calculated from A and B magnitudes ) , it is fainter only than Sirius and Canopus . The next - brightest star in the night sky is Arcturus . Alpha Centauri is a multiple - star system , with its two main stars being Alpha Centauri A ( α Cen A ) and Alpha Centauri B ( α Cen B ) , usually defined to identify them as the different components of the binary α Cen AB . A third companion -- Proxima Centauri ( or Proxima or α Cen C ) -- is much further away than the distance between stars A and B , but is still gravitationally associated with the AB system . As viewed from Earth , it is | Alpha Centauri's approximate distance from Earth is | [
"4.37 light-years"
] | 964 | What is alpha centauri's approximate distance from earth? |
2129315990503064870 | Ouija - wikipedia <H1> Ouija </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th> ( show ) Part of a series of articles on the paranormal </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Main articles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Afterlife </Li> <Li> Angel </Li> <Li> Astral projection </Li> <Li> Aura </Li> <Li> Bilocation </Li> <Li> Clairvoyance </Li> <Li> Close encounter </Li> <Li> Cold spot </Li> <Li> Conjuration </Li> <Li> Deity </Li> <Li> Demon </Li> <Li> Demonic possession </Li> <Li> Demonology </Li> <Li> Devil </Li> <Li> Ectoplasm </Li> <Li> Electronic voice phenomenon </Li> <Li> Exorcism </Li> <Li> Extrasensory perception </Li> <Li> Fairy </Li> <Li> Fear of ghosts </Li> <Li> Forteana </Li> <Li> Ghost </Li> <Li> Ghost hunting </Li> <Li> Ghost story </Li> <Li> God </Li> <Li> Haunted house </Li> <Li> Hypnosis </Li> <Li> Indigo children </Li> <Li> Magic </Li> <Li> Mediumship </Li> <Li> Miracle </Li> <Li> Occult </Li> <Li> Orb </Li> <Li> Ouija </Li> <Li> Paranormal </Li> <Li> Paranormal fiction </Li> <Li> Paranormal television </Li> <Li> Poltergeist </Li> <Li> Precognition </Li> <Li> Psychic </Li> <Li> Psychic reading </Li> <Li> Psychokinesis </Li> <Li> Psychometry </Li> <Li> Reincarnation </Li> <Li> Remote viewing </Li> <Li> Residual haunting </Li> <Li> Retrocognition </Li> <Li> Shadow people </Li> <Li> Soul </Li> <Li> Spirit photography </Li> <Li> Spirit possession </Li> <Li> Spirit world </Li> <Li> Spiritualism </Li> <Li> Stone Tape </Li> <Li> Supernatural </Li> <Li> Telepathy </Li> <Li> UFO </Li> <Li> UFO sightings </Li> <Li> Ufology </Li> <Li> Will - o ' - the - wisp </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> Haunted locations </Dt> <Dd> United Kingdom </Dd> <Dd> United States </Dd> <Dd> World </Dd> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Articles on skepticism </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Cold reading </Li> <Li> Committee for Skeptical Inquiry </Li> <Li> Debunking </Li> <Li> Hoax </Li> <Li> James Randi Educational Foundation </Li> <Li> Magical thinking </Li> <Li> Prizes for evidence of the paranormal </Li> <Li> Pseudoskepticism </Li> <Li> Scientific skepticism </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related articles on science , psychology , and logic </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Agnosticism </Li> <Li> Anomalistics </Li> <Li> Argument from ignorance </Li> <Li> Argumentum ad populum </Li> <Li> Bandwagon effect </Li> <Li> Begging the question </Li> <Li> Cognitive dissonance </Li> <Li> Communal reinforcement </Li> <Li> Fallacy </Li> <Li> Falsifiability </Li> <Li> Fringe science </Li> <Li> Groupthink </Li> <Li> Junk science </Li> <Li> Protoscience </Li> <Li> Pseudoscience </Li> <Li> Scientific evidence </Li> <Li> Scientific method </Li> <Li> Superstition </Li> <Li> Uncertainty </Li> <Li> Urban legend </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related articles on Social change and Parapsychology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Countermovement </Li> <Li> Death and culture </Li> <Li> Parapsychology </Li> <Li> Scientific literacy </Li> <Li> Social movement </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> This article is about the spiritualist use of the ouija board . For other uses , see Ouija ( disambiguation ) . Not to be confused with Ouida . Original Ouija board created in 1894 <Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series on </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ( hide ) Spiritualism </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Spirit </Li> <Li> Spiritualism </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Spiritualist beliefs </Li> <Li> Spiritism </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Practices </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mediumship </Li> <Li> Faith healing </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Psychometry </Li> <Li> Automatic writing </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related topics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Afterlife </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Spirit world </Li> <Li> Spirit guide </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Shamanism </Li> <Li> Animism </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Psychic </Li> <Li> Clairvoyant </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Paranormal </Li> <Li> Occult </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Parapsychology </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The ouija ( / ˈwiːdʒə / WEE - jə or / ˈwiːdʒi / WEE - jee ) , also known as a spirit board or talking board , is a flat board marked with the letters of the alphabet , the numbers 0 -- 9 , the words `` yes '' , `` no '' , `` hello '' ( occasionally ) , and `` goodbye '' , along with various symbols and graphics . It uses a small heart - shaped piece of wood or plastic called a planchette . Participants place their fingers on the planchette , and it is moved about the board to spell out words . `` Ouija '' is a trademark of Hasbro , Inc. , but is often used generically to refer to any talking board . According to Hasbro , players take turns asking questions and then `` wait to see what the planchette spells out '' for them . </P> <P> Following its commercial introduction by businessman Elijah Bond on July 1 , 1890 , the ouija board was regarded as a parlor game unrelated to the occult until American spiritualist Pearl Curran popularized its use as a divining tool during World War I. Spiritualists believed that the dead were able to contact the living and reportedly used a talking board very similar to a modern ouija board at their camps in Ohio in 1886 to ostensibly enable faster communication with spirits . </P> <P> Some Christian denominations have `` warned against using ouija boards '' , holding that they can lead to demonic possession . Occultists , on the other hand , are divided on the issue , with some saying that it can be a positive transformation ; others reiterate the warnings of many Christians and caution `` inexperienced users '' against it . </P> <P> Paranormal and supernatural beliefs associated with Ouija have been harshly criticized by the scientific community , since they are characterized as pseudoscience . The action of the board can be parsimoniously explained by unconscious movements of those controlling the pointer , a psychophysiological phenomenon known as the ideomotor effect . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 China </Li> <Li> 1.2 Talking boards </Li> <Li> 1.3 Commercial parlor game </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Scientific investigation </Li> <Li> 3 Use in creation of literature </Li> <Li> 4 Religious responses </Li> <Li> 5 Notable users </Li> <Li> 6 In popular culture <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Books </Li> <Li> 6.2 Movies </Li> <Li> 6.3 Television </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 Notes </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> China ( edit ) </H3> See also : Fuji ( planchette writing ) Wang Chongyang , founder of the Quanzhen School , depicted in Changchun Temple , Wuhan <P> One of the first mentions of the automatic writing method used in the ouija board is found in China around 1100 AD , in historical documents of the Song Dynasty . The method was known as fuji `` planchette writing '' . The use of planchette writing as an ostensible means of necromancy and communion with the spirit - world continued , and , albeit under special rituals and supervisions , was a central practice of the Quanzhen School , until it was forbidden by the Qing Dynasty . Several entire scriptures of the Daozang are supposedly works of automatic planchette writing . According to one author , similar methods of mediumistic spirit writing have been practiced in ancient India , Greece , Rome , and medieval Europe . </P> <H3> Talking boards ( edit ) </H3> <P> As a part of the spiritualist movement , mediums began to employ various means for communication with the dead . Following the American Civil War in the United States , mediums did significant business in presumably allowing survivors to contact lost relatives . The ouija itself would be created and named in Baltimore , Maryland , in 1890 , but the use of talking boards was so common by 1886 that news reported the phenomenon taking over the spiritualists ' camps in Ohio . </P> <H3> Commercial parlor Game ( edit ) </H3> A modern Ouija board plus planchette <P> Businessman Elijah Bond had the idea to patent a planchette sold with a board on which the alphabet was printed , much like the previously existing talking boards . The patentees filed on May 28 , 1890 for patent protection and thus are credited with the invention of the Ouija board . Issue date on the patent was February 10 , 1891 . They received U.S. Patent 446,054 . Bond was an attorney and was an inventor of other objects in addition to this device . </P> <P> An employee of Elijah Bond , William Fuld , took over the talking board production . In 1901 , Fuld started production of his own boards under the name `` Ouija '' . Charles Kennard ( founder of Kennard Novelty Company which manufactured Fuld 's talking boards and where Fuld had worked as a varnisher ) claimed he learned the name `` Ouija '' from using the board and that it was an ancient Egyptian word meaning `` good luck . '' When Fuld took over production of the boards , he popularized the more widely accepted etymology : that the name came from a combination of the French and German words for `` yes '' . </P> <P> The Fuld name became synonymous with the Ouija board , as Fuld reinvented its history , claiming that he himself had invented it . The strange talk about the boards from Fuld 's competitors flooded the market , and all these boards enjoyed a heyday from the 1920s through the 1960s . Fuld sued many companies over the `` Ouija '' name and concept up until his death in 1927 . In 1966 , Fuld 's estate sold the entire business to Parker Brothers . Hasbro purchased the product line in 1991 and continues to hold all trademarks and patents . About ten brands of talking boards are sold today under various names . </P> <H2> Scientific investigation ( edit ) </H2> <P> The ouija phenomenon is considered by the scientific community to be the result of the ideomotor response . Michael Faraday first described this effect in 1853 , while investigating table - turning . </P> <P> Various studies have been produced , recreating the effects of the ouija board in the lab and showing that , under laboratory conditions , the subjects were moving the planchette involuntarily . A 2012 study found that when answering yes or no questions , ouija use was significantly more accurate than guesswork , suggesting that it might draw on the unconscious mind . Skeptics have described ouija board users as ' operators ' . Some critics noted that the messages ostensibly spelled out by spirits were similar to whatever was going through the minds of the subjects . According to Professor of neurology Terence Hines in his book Pseudoscience and the Paranormal ( 2003 ) : </P> <P> The planchette is guided by unconscious muscular exertions like those responsible for table movement . Nonetheless , in both cases , the illusion that the object ( table or planchette ) is moving under its own control is often extremely powerful and sufficient to convince many people that spirits are truly at work ... The unconscious muscle movements responsible for the moving tables and Ouija board phenomena seen at seances are examples of a class of phenomena due to what psychologists call a dissociative state . A dissociative state is one in which consciousness is somehow divided or cut off from some aspects of the individual 's normal cognitive , motor , or sensory functions . </P> <P> In the 1970s ouija board users were also described as `` cult members '' by sociologists , though this was severely scrutinised in the field . </P> <P> Ouija boards have been criticized in the press since their inception , having been variously described as `` ' vestigial remains ' of primitive belief - systems '' and a con to part fools from their money . Some journalists have described reports of ouija board findings as ' half truths ' and have suggested that their inclusion in | The Ouija board game was first introduced on | [
"July 1, 1890"
] | 803 | When did the ouija board game come out? |
-1425049791898563664 | Do not go gentle into that good night - wikipedia <H1> Do not go gentle into that good night </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> `` Do not go gentle into that good night '' is a poem in the form of a villanelle , and the most famous work of Welsh poet Dylan Thomas ( 1914 -- 1953 ) . Though first published in the journal Botteghe Oscure in 1951 , it was written in 1947 when he was in Florence with his family . It was published , along with other stories previously written , as part of his In Country Sleep , And Other Poems in 1952 . </P> <P> It has been suggested that it was written for Thomas ' dying father , although he did not die until just before Christmas 1952 . It has no title other than its first line , `` Do not go gentle into that good night '' , a line that appears as a refrain throughout . Its other refrain is `` Rage , rage against the dying of the light '' . </P> <P> The poem currently remains under copyright , although the text is available on - line . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Notable use in popular culture </Li> <Li> 2 Notes </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Notable Use in popular culture ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> It was used as the text for the 1954 In Memoriam Dylan Thomas ( Dirge - Canons and Song ) for tenor and chamber ensemble , by Igor Stravinsky . The piece was written soon after Thomas ' death and first performed in 1954 . </Li> <Li> It was the inspiration for three paintings by Swansea - born painter and print - maker Ceri Richards , in 1954 , 1956 , and 1965 , respectively . </Li> <Li> The title of George R.R. Martin 's 1977 novel Dying of the Light references a line from the poem . </Li> <Li> It is the subject of a 1979 tone poem for wind ensemble by Elliot del Borgo . </Li> <Li> In the 1986 film Back to School Thornton Melon played by Rodney Dangerfield recites the poem during an exam board . </Li> <Li> John Cale set the poem to orchestral music for his album Words for the Dying , released in 1989 . </Li> <Li> In the 1996 film Independence Day , the President makes a rousing speech as he prepares to lead the attack against the alien invaders , adapting Thomas ' line , saying , `` We will not go quietly into the night . '' </Li> <Li> It is used as a main inspiration for the protagonist of the 2010 Ally Condie book Matched , the first of a trilogy by that name . </Li> <Li> The refrain is cited by English synth - pop duo Hurts in the song `` Somebody to Die For '' on their 2013 album Exile . </Li> <Li> In Christopher Nolan 's 2014 movie Interstellar it is used repeatedly by Michael Caine 's character Professor John Brand , as well as by several other supporting characters . Leading actors Matthew McConaughey and Anne Hathaway are sent into hyper sleep with the final words `` Do not go gentle into that good night . '' </Li> <Li> In 2015 episode of Doctor Who , `` The Magician 's Apprentice '' , Clara Oswald , played by Jenna Coleman , quotes the first line of this poem when she discovers where the Doctor is and what he is up to . </Li> <Li> It is cited by G - Eazy in `` Intro '' on his 2015 album When It 's Dark Out . </Li> <Li> In 2017 Irish broadcaster RTÉ Sport used the poem in a promotion for the World Cup qualifier second leg between Republic Of Ireland and Denmark , with Brendan Gleeson reading it as footage of famous Irish sporting moments at major tournaments were shown . </Li> <Li> In the song `` Even My Dad Does Sometimes '' , on his 2014 album X , Ed Sheeran paraphrases one of the poem 's lines . </Li> <Li> The black metal band Anaal Nathrakh has a song called `` Rage , rage against the dying of the light '' from the 2004 album Domine Non Es Dignus . </Li> <Li> The phrase `` rage against the dying of the light '' is used in the Metric song `` Lie Lie Lie '' from the 2015 album Pagans in Vegas . </Li> <Li> The champion Lux in the popular video game League of Legends says the phrase `` rage against the dying of the light '' on one of her skins , Elementalist Lux . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ COPYRIGHT : from The Poems of Dylan Thomas , published by New Directions . Copyright © 1952 , 1953 Dylan Thomas . Copyright © 1937 , 1945 , 1955 , 1962 , 1966 , 1967 the Trustees for the Copyrights of Dylan Thomas . Copyright © 1938 , 1939 , 1943 , 1946 , 1971 New Directions Publishing Corp . </Li> </Ol> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Dylan Thomas '' . Academy of American Poets . He took his family to Italy , and while in Florence , he wrote In Country Sleep , And Other Poems ( Dent , 1952 ) , which includes his most famous poem , `` Do not go gentle into that good night . '' </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Ferris , Paul ( 1989 ) . Dylan Thomas , A Biography . New York : Paragon House . p. 283 . ISBN 1 - 55778 - 215 - 6 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Dylan Thomas : Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night '' . BBC Wales . 6 November 2008 . Archived from the original on 27 November 2012 . Retrieved 18 December 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ * Thomas , David N. ( 2008 ) . Fatal Neglect : Who Killed Dylan Thomas ? . Seren . p. 19 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 85411 - 480 - 8 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Do not go gentle into that good night Academy of American Poets '' . Poets.org . Retrieved 1 September 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Keller , Hans ( 1955 ) . `` In Memoriam Dylan Thomas : Strawinsky 's Schoenbergian Technique '' . Tempo ( 35 ) : 13 -- 20 . access - date = requires url = ( help ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Ceri Richards : ' Do not go gentle into that good night ' 1956 '' . tate.org.uk/ . Retrieved 22 October 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night '' , copyright 1979 , Shawnee Press . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Schaeffer , John ( 27 October 2015 ) . `` Five Songs For Dylan Thomas '' . NPR . Retrieved 16 August 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mair , Jan ( 1998 ) . `` American rules , OK : Difference and otherness in ' Independence Day ' '' . Futures . 30 ( 10 ) : 981 -- 991 . doi : 10.1016 / s0016 - 3287 ( 98 ) 00100 - 1 . ( Subscription required ( help ) ) . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Wade , Chris ( 5 November 2014 ) . `` '' Do not go gentle into that good night '' in Interstellar , Back to School , and many other movies : the supercut ( VIDEO ) `` . Slate . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Magician 's Apprentice : The Fact File '' . BBC . Retrieved 10 May 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Thompson , Ben ( 6 December 2015 ) . `` G - Eazy : When It 's Dark Out review -- almost a crossover home run '' . The Guardian . ISSN 0261 - 3077 . Retrieved 18 August 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Denmark v Republic of Ireland preview - Rage against the dying of the light ... on YouTube </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Bibliowiki has original media or text related to this article : Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night ( in the public domain in Canada ) </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Dylan Thomas ( works ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Works </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> A Child 's Christmas in Wales </Li> <Li> Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog </Li> <Li> Under Milk Wood ( radio play ) </Li> <Li> Rebecca 's Daughters ( screenplay ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Poems </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 18 Poems </Li> <Li> Deaths and Entrances </Li> <Li> `` And death shall have no dominion '' </Li> <Li> `` Do not go gentle into that good night '' </Li> <Li> `` Fern Hill '' </Li> <Li> `` In my Craft or Sullen Art '' </Li> <Li> `` The Force That Through the Green Fuse Drives the Flower '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Caitlin Thomas ( wife ) </Li> <Li> Aeronwy Thomas ( daughter ) </Li> <Li> Gwilym Marles ( paternal granduncle ) </Li> <Li> The Kardomah Gang </Li> <Li> Cultural depictions </Li> <Li> The Boathouse </Li> <Li> Dylan Thomas Centre </Li> <Li> Dylan Thomas Theatre </Li> <Li> Dylan Thomas Trail </Li> <Li> Laugharne </Li> <Li> Set Fire to the Stars ( 2014 film ) </Li> <Li> A Poet in New York ( 2014 television film ) </Li> <Li> Dominion ( 2016 film ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Death and mortality in art </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Themes </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Carpe diem </Li> <Li> Consolatio </Li> <Li> Danse Macabre </Li> <Li> Death and the Maiden </Li> <Li> Lamentation of Christ </Li> <Li> Macabre </Li> <Li> Memento mori </Li> <Li> Mono no aware </Li> <Li> Sic transit gloria mundi </Li> <Li> Ubi sunt </Li> <Li> Personifications of death </Li> <Li> Vanitas </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Forms </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Death mask </Li> <Li> Elegy </Li> <Li> Funerary art </Li> <Li> Funerary text </Li> <Li> Lament </Li> <Li> Memorial </Li> <Li> Post-mortem photography </Li> <Li> Requiem </Li> <Li> Tomb </Li> <Li> Tragedy </Li> <Li> Wreath </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Artwork </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Architecture </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Capuchin Crypt </Li> <Li> Sedlec Ossuary </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Film ( category ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Seventh Seal </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Literature </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ars moriendi </Li> <Li> Bardo Thodol </Li> <Li> Book of Job </Li> <Li> Book of the Dead </Li> <Li> Hamlet 's soliloquy </Li> <Li> The Masque of the Red Death </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music ( category ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Danse macabre </Li> <Li> Der Erlkönig </Li> <Li> Der Tod und das Mädchen </Li> <Li> Totentanz </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Painting ( category ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Et in Arcadia ego </Li> <Li> Gather Ye Rosebuds While Ye May </Li> <Li> La Calavera Catrina </Li> <Li> Pyramid of Skulls </Li> <Li> Skull of a Skeleton with Burning Cigarette </Li> <Li> The Ambassadors </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Poetry ( category ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> And death shall have no dominion </Li> <Li> Der Erlkönig </Li> <Li> Do not go gentle into that good night </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> ( 1 ) </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Do_not_go_gentle_into_that_good_night&oldid=822184721 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Anglo - Welsh literature </Li> <Li> 1951 poems </Li> <Li> Poetry by Dylan Thomas </Li> <Li> Works originally published in Italian magazines </Li> <Li> Works | The phrase "I will not go quietly into the night" was said by | [
"Dylan Thomas"
] | 55 | Who said i will not go quietly into the night? |
353421942758169811 | , and the twins ' father . He works with Daddy Pig and Mrs Cat in a top floor office . He appears to be a station master , manager of the museum and ice cream seller in some episodes . He has a Welsh accent , which is a pun on Welsh rarebit . </Li> <Li> Grampy Rabbit ( voiced by Brian Blessed ) -- Rebecca 's , Richard 's , and the twins ' grandfather . He can play the banjo and runs a boat yard as shown in `` Grampy Rabbit 's Boatyard '' . </Li> <Li> Rosie and Robbie Rabbit -- Rebecca 's and Richard 's younger siblings who are identical twins . They were born in the episode `` Mummy Rabbit 's Bump '' </Li> </Ul> <H2> The Sheep </H2> <Ul> <Li> Suzy Sheep ( voiced by Meg Hall in the UK version from series 1 -- 4 , Ava Lovell from series 5 - present in the UK , and Elaine Torres on the short - lived American version that aired on Tickle - U ) -- Suzy is Peppa 's best friend . She wears a pink dress and has an imaginary friend named Leo Lion in one episode . In some episodes she wears a nurse costume . She is allegedly bossy and keeps telling people what to do but she thinks Peppa is the one who is telling people what to do . She is the only kid in the show who does not have a dad that is mentioned or seen . </Li> <Li> Mummy Sheep ( voiced by Debbie MacDonald ) -- Mummy Sheep is the mother of Suzy . She wears a dark pink dress . She is friends with Mummy Pig . </Li> </Ul> <H2> The cats </H2> <Ul> <Li> Candy Cat ( voiced by Daisy Rudd in series 1 , Emma Weston in series 2 , Zara Siddiqi in series 3 -- 4 , and Madison Turner in series 5 ) -- Candy is one of Peppa 's friends . She wears a turquoise dress . </Li> <Li> Mrs. Cat a.k.a. Mummy Cat ( voiced by Morwenna Banks in series 2 and Leila Farzad in series 3 -- 4 ) -- Mrs. Cat is the mother of Candy and a co-worker of Daddy Pig . She is 33 according to the episode `` Dr Hamster 's Tortoise '' . She wears a light red dress . In `` Daddy Pig 's Office '' , it 's revealed her job is drawing shapes on the computer . </Li> <Li> Mr. Cat a.k.a. Daddy Cat -- Mr. Cat is the father of Candy . He is often seen in series 3 and 4 . He wears an indigo shirt and has dark fur . </Li> </Ul> <H2> The dogs </H2> <Ul> <Li> Danny Dog ( voiced by George Woolford in series 1 -- 2 , Jadon Mills in series 3 -- 4 and Joshua Morris in series 5 ) -- Danny is one of Peppa 's friends . He wears purple clothes and has dark brown fur . </Li> <Li> Mummy Dog a.k.a. Mrs. Dog ( voiced by Debbie MacDonald in series 1 , Claire Waxler in series 2 , and Judy Flynn in series 4 & 5 ) -- Mummy Dog is the mother of Danny Dog . </Li> <Li> Granddad Dog ( voiced by David Rintoul ) -- Granddad Dog is the grandfather of Danny Dog and the father of Captain Dog . He is a mechanic and is very good at fixing cars . Even though they sometimes bicker about whose boat is better , Granddad Dog and Grandpa Pig are best friends . Like Grampy Rabbit , his wife has never been shown , so he might be a widower . </Li> <Li> Daddy Dog a.k.a. Captain Dog ( voiced by Alexander Armstrong ) -- Captain Dog is the father of Danny Dog . He was once a sailor and sea captain who traveled the world to make his fortune and thus was gone from home for most of the series . He was one of the last characters make his debut on the show , not appearing until the middle of series four when he retires from sailing and returns home to be with his family . Despite being retired , he often misses his life as a sailor . </Li> </Ul> <H2> The ponies </H2> <Ul> <Li> Pedro Pony ( voiced by Harrison Oldroyd in series 1 -- 2 , Stanley Nickless in series 3 -- 4 , Sammy Price in `` The Golden Boots '' and `` Around the World with Peppa , '' and Rohal Soomro in series 5 ) -- Pedro is one of Peppa 's friends . He wears black eyeglasses and yellow clothes . Characterized by his love for sleep , Pedro can be occasionally forgetful or clumsy and slow to catch on but is otherwise knowledgeable in his areas of interest and always friendly . In many episodes he is late for playgroup . Peppa once kissed Pedro in her school 's play ( from `` Pedro is Late '' ) . He is known for often wearing the wrong costume , as in the episode `` Gym Class , '' where he wears a superhero costume instead of his gym costume . He also is often found wearing a cowboy costume . He is the only kid in Peppa 's playgroup who wears glasses . </Li> <Li> Mummy Pony a.k.a. Mrs. Pony ( voiced by Kate Gribble in series 1 , Madelyn Moore in series 2 , Layla Lewis in series 2 , Jemima Williams in series 3 , Leila Farzad in series 4 and Judy Flynn in series 4 ) -- Mummy Pony is the mother of Pedro . She wears a dark yellow dress </Li> <Li> Daddy Pony a.k.a. Mr. Pony ( voiced by John Sparkes ) -- Daddy Pony is the father of Pedro , and he is an optician . He wears glasses and green clothes . </Li> </Ul> <H2> The zebras </H2> <Ul> <Li> Zoe Zebra ( voiced by Sian Taylor in series 2 -- 4 and Isla Gudgeon in series 5 ) -- Zoe is one of Peppa 's friends . She wears a light purple dress . In the episode `` Teddy 's Day Out , '' it is revealed that she has a stuffed monkey which is named Monkey . In the episode `` Sleepover '' , Zoe mentions that she is taking piano lessons , likely from Mr. Zebra . </Li> <Li> Mummy Zebra a.k.a. Mrs Zebra ( voiced by Morwenna Banks ) -- Mummy Zebra is the mother of Zoe , Zuzu and Zaza Zebra . She wears a bright green dress and has shown to work with pottery in the episode `` Pottery '' . </Li> <Li> Daddy Zebra a.k.a. Mr. Zebra ( voiced by David Graham ) -- Daddy Zebra is the father of Zoe , Zuzu and Zaza and is a postman . He can play the piano as shown in `` Sleepover '' , and plays `` Twinkle Twinkle Little Star '' to make Peppa and her friends fall asleep . </Li> <Li> Zuzu & Zaza Zebra ( both voiced by Alice May from series 2 -- 4 , Matilda Green from series 5 - present ) -- Zuzu and Zaza are Zoe 's younger identical twin sisters . They are also George 's friends . They both wear light pink dresses . They are somewhat younger than George , Richard , and Edmond , and they do not appear at playgroup . </Li> </Ul> <H2> The elephants </H2> <Ul> <Li> Emily Elephant ( voiced by Julia Moss in the UK from series 2 -- 4 , Stara Bal in series 5 - present and Chloe Dolandis on Cartoon Network ) -- Peppa 's friend from playgroup . She made her first appearance in the episode `` Emily Elephant '' . She can make the loudest sound out of all the children and often uses her trunk as an extra hand . She wears a dark yellow dress and is shy most of the time . </Li> <Li> Edmond Elephant ( voiced by Jonny Butler from series 3 -- 4 and Victor Wade in series 5 -- present ) -- Edmond is George 's friend . He is 2 year old , like George and Richard . Unlike George , Richard , and the other toddlers , Edmond is highly intelligent and can speak in full sentences ; his high intelligence comes from his father . Because of this , Edmond is a self - proclaimed clever clogs . Despite this , he as well has toddler traits ; he has fun , giggles , and cries when unhappy . He is voiced by Jonny Butler from series 3 -- 4 , and Victor Wade from series 5 - present . Edmond 's voice appears on the Peppa Pig Rocket kiddie ride . He wears a dark green outfit . </Li> <Li> Doctor Elephant a.k.a. Mr. Elephant ( voiced by Andy Hamilton ) -- Emily 's and Edmond 's father . His job is a dentist . He wears a white shirt and red bow tie . </Li> <Li> Mummy Elephant a.k.a. Mrs. Elephant -- She is Emily 's and Edmond 's mother and not much is known about her . She wears a light purple dress . </Li> </Ul> <H2> The foxes </H2> <Ul> <Li> Freddy Fox ( voiced by Max Miller in half of series 3 and then Jamie Oram onwards ) -- is a friend of Peppa who has a very good sense of smell . His first appearance was in the episode `` Freddy Fox `` . He wears a dark red shirt . </Li> <Li> Mr. Fox ( voiced by John Sparkes ) -- is Freddy 's father and is the owner of a shop that sells everything , usually in boxes of five , but sometimes as matching sets of three . </Li> <Li> Mrs. Fox -- is Freddy 's mother . She works as a nurse as shown in the episode `` Hospital '' . She wears a light blue dress . </Li> </Ul> <H2> The kangaroos </H2> <Ul> <Li> Kylie Kangaroo ( voiced by Macey Danger in the episode of the same name , then Finley Grieg - Byrne , as seen in the credits for series 5 ) -- Kylie Kangaroo is a friend of Peppa and appears in the episode of same name . Since she is a kangaroo , she can jump higher than the other characters . </Li> <Li> Joey Kangaroo ( voiced by Jazlyn Jago , as seen in the credits for series 5 ) -- Joey Kangaroo is Kylie 's younger brother . He stays in Mummy Kangaroo 's pouch and is presumably younger than George , Richard , and Edmond . </Li> <Li> Mummy Kangaroo a.k.a. Mrs Kangaroo ( voiced by Morwenna Banks in the episode , then Elise Grieg , as seen in the credits for series 5 ) -- Mummy Kangaroo is Kylie and Joey 's mother . </Li> <Li> Daddy Kangaroo a.k.a. Mr Kangaroo ( voiced by Alexander Armstrong in the episode , then Tony Byrne , as seen in the credits for series 5 ) -- Daddy Kangaroo is Kylie and Joey 's father . He likes barbecuing corn on the cob . </Li> </Ul> <H2> The wolves </H2> <Ul> <Li> Mr. Wolf ( voiced by Alexander Armstrong , as seen in the credits for series 4 ) -- Mr. Wolf is the father of Wendy Wolf and Mrs. Wolf 's husband . Not much is known about him compared to the other parents . </Li> <Li> Mrs. Wolf ( voiced by Jen Pringle ) -- Mrs. Wolf is the mother of Wendy Wolf and Mr. Wolf 's wife . Like Mr. Wolf not much is known about her . </Li> <Li> Wendy Wolf ( voiced by Chaniya Mahon ) -- Wendy Wolf is Peppa 's friend after Daddy Pig designs a house for the wolves and Mr. Bull builds it . She also becomes a new student in Peppa | The zebra's name in Peppa Pig is | [
"Zoe Zebra"
] | 2,512 | What is the zebras name in peppa pig? |
-2905696611778901658 | Annie , I 'm not Your Daddy - wikipedia <H1> Annie , I 'm not Your Daddy </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( April 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Annie , I 'm Not Your Daddy '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Kid Creole & The Coconuts </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Tropical Gangsters </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` You Had No Intention '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 1982 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 `` , 12 '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Pop , Calypso </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 52 , 6 : 26 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> ZE Records , Island Records </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> August Darnell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Kid Creole & The Coconuts singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Stool Pigeon '' ( 1982 ) </Td> <Td> `` Annie , I 'm Not Your Daddy '' ( 1982 ) </Td> <Td> `` Dear Addy '' ( 1982 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Stool Pigeon '' ( 1982 ) </Td> <Td> `` Annie , I 'm Not Your Daddy <P> `` ( 1982 ) </P> </Td> <Td> `` Dear Addy '' ( 1982 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Annie , I 'm Not Your Daddy is a song written by August Darnell and first recorded by his band Kid Creole and the Coconuts . It was released in 1982 as the 3rd and last single from their album Tropical Gangsters . It is Kid Creole & The Coconuts highest charting single on the UK Singles Chart reaching a peak of no . 2 . It also reached no . 18 on the U.S. Club Play Chart . It has been sampled in songs such as Bob Sinclair & Eddie Amador 's ' Do It ! ' from 2000 & Africanism 's ' Summer Moon ' from 2005 . </P> <P> In a 2011 interview , Darnell stated that the income royalties from this song alone would be enough for him to live on . </P> <H2> Charts ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart </Th> <Th> Peak <P> Position </P> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> German </Td> <Td> 45 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ireland </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Netherlands </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Club Play </Td> <Td> 18 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Paul Lester ( 7 Sep 2011 ) . `` Kid Creole : ' I 'm not a party man any more ' '' . The Guardian . Retrieved 1 April 2018 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Kid Creole and the Coconuts </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> August Darnell </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Coati Mundi </Li> <Li> Fonda Rae </Li> <Li> Cory Daye </Li> <Li> Cheryl Poirier </Li> <Li> Adriana Kaegi </Li> <Li> Taryn Hagey </Li> <Li> Eva Tudor - Jones </Li> <Li> Jimmy Ripp ( Rippetoe ) </Li> <Li> Mark Anthony Jones </Li> <Li> Scott Johnson </Li> <Li> Peter Schott </Li> <Li> Carol Coleman </Li> <Li> Winston Grennan </Li> <Li> Andrew Lloyd </Li> <Li> `` Bongo '' Eddie Folk </Li> <Li> Simon `` Franco '' Frost </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Off the Coast of Me </Li> <Li> Fresh Fruit in Foreign Places </Li> <Li> Tropical Gangsters </Li> <Li> Doppelganger </Li> <Li> In Praise of Older Women ... and Other Crimes </Li> <Li> I , Too , Have Seen the Woods </Li> <Li> Private Waters in the Great Divide </Li> <Li> You Shoulda Told Me You Were ... </Li> <Li> KC2 Plays K2C </Li> <Li> To Travel Sideways </Li> <Li> Kiss Me Before the Light Changes </Li> <Li> The Conquest of You </Li> <Li> Too Cool to Conga ! </Li> <Li> I Wake Up Screaming </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Oh ! What a Night </Li> <Li> Cre ~ Olé : The Best of Kid Creole & the Coconuts </Li> <Li> Kid Creole Redux </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Singles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` I 'm A Wonderful Thing , Baby '' </Li> <Li> `` Stool Pigeon '' </Li> <Li> `` Annie , I 'm Not Your Daddy '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related articles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Discography </Li> <Li> Elbow Bones and the Racketeers </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Annie,_I%27m_Not_Your_Daddy&oldid=833560805 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1982 songs </Li> <Li> 1982 singles </Li> <Li> Kid Creole and the Coconuts songs </Li> <Li> Songs written by August Darnell </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles needing additional references from April 2018 </Li> <Li> All articles needing additional references </Li> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 1 April 2018 , at 09 : 55 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> | The song "Oh Annie, I'm Not Your Daddy" was performed by | [
"Kid Creole and the Coconuts"
] | 307 | Who sang oh annie i not your daddy? |
-8762144002773697012 | Atmosphere of Earth - wikipedia <H1> Atmosphere of Earth </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` Air '' redirects here . For other uses , see Air ( disambiguation ) . `` Qualities of air '' redirects here . It is not to be confused with Air quality . Blue light is scattered more than other wavelengths by the gases in the atmosphere , surrounding Earth in a visibly blue layer when seen from space onboard the ISS at an altitude of 335 km ( 208 mi ) . Composition of Earth 's atmosphere by volume . Lower pie represents trace gases that together compose about 0.038 % of the atmosphere ( 0.043 % with CO at 2014 concentration ) . Numbers are mainly from 1987 , with CO and methane from 2009 , and do not represent any single source . <P> The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases , commonly known as air , that surrounds the planet Earth and is retained by Earth 's gravity . The atmosphere of Earth protects life on Earth by creating pressure allowing for liquid water to exist on the Earth 's surface , absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation , warming the surface through heat retention ( greenhouse effect ) , and reducing temperature extremes between day and night ( the diurnal temperature variation ) . </P> <P> By volume , dry air contains 78.09 % nitrogen , 20.95 % oxygen , 0.93 % argon , 0.04 % carbon dioxide , and small amounts of other gases . Air also contains a variable amount of water vapor , on average around 1 % at sea level , and 0.4 % over the entire atmosphere . Air content and atmospheric pressure vary at different layers , and air suitable for use in photosynthesis by terrestrial plants and breathing of terrestrial animals is found only in Earth 's troposphere and in artificial atmospheres . </P> <P> The atmosphere has a mass of about 5.15 × 10 kg , three quarters of which is within about 11 km ( 6.8 mi ; 36,000 ft ) of the surface . The atmosphere becomes thinner and thinner with increasing altitude , with no definite boundary between the atmosphere and outer space . The Kármán line , at 100 km ( 62 mi ) , or 1.57 % of Earth 's radius , is often used as the border between the atmosphere and outer space . Atmospheric effects become noticeable during atmospheric reentry of spacecraft at an altitude of around 120 km ( 75 mi ) . Several layers can be distinguished in the atmosphere , based on characteristics such as temperature and composition . </P> <P> The study of Earth 's atmosphere and its processes is called atmospheric science ( aerology ) . Early pioneers in the field include Léon Teisserenc de Bort and Richard Assmann . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Composition </Li> <Li> 2 Structure of the atmosphere <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Principal layers <Ul> <Li> 2.1. 1 Exosphere </Li> <Li> 2.1. 2 Thermosphere </Li> <Li> 2.1. 3 Mesosphere </Li> <Li> 2.1. 4 Stratosphere </Li> <Li> 2.1. 5 Troposphere </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.2 Other layers </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Physical properties <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Pressure and thickness </Li> <Li> 3.2 Temperature and speed of sound </Li> <Li> 3.3 Density and mass </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Optical properties <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Scattering </Li> <Li> 4.2 Absorption </Li> <Li> 4.3 Emission </Li> <Li> 4.4 Refractive index </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Circulation </Li> <Li> 6 Evolution of Earth 's atmosphere <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Earliest atmosphere </Li> <Li> 6.2 Second atmosphere </Li> <Li> 6.3 Third atmosphere </Li> <Li> 6.4 Air pollution </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Images from space </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Composition </H2> Main article : Atmospheric chemistry Mean atmospheric water vapor <P> The three major constituents of Earth 's atmosphere , are nitrogen , oxygen , and argon . Water vapor accounts for roughly 0.25 % of the atmosphere by mass . The concentration of water vapor ( a greenhouse gas ) varies significantly from around 10 ppm by volume in the coldest portions of the atmosphere to as much as 5 % by volume in hot , humid air masses , and concentrations of other atmospheric gases are typically quoted in terms of dry air ( without water vapor ) . The remaining gases are often referred to as trace gases , among which are the greenhouse gases , principally carbon dioxide , methane , nitrous oxide , and ozone . Filtered air includes trace amounts of many other chemical compounds . Many substances of natural origin may be present in locally and seasonally variable small amounts as aerosols in an unfiltered air sample , including dust of mineral and organic composition , pollen and spores , sea spray , and volcanic ash . Various industrial pollutants also may be present as gases or aerosols , such as chlorine ( elemental or in compounds ) , fluorine compounds and elemental mercury vapor . Sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide ( SO ) may be derived from natural sources or from industrial air pollution . </P> <Table> Major constituents of dry air , by volume <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Gas </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Volume </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Formula </Th> <Th> in ppmv </Th> <Th> in % </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nitrogen </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 780,840 </Td> <Td> 78.084 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Oxygen </Td> <Td> O </Td> <Td> 209,460 </Td> <Td> 20.946 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Argon </Td> <Td> Ar </Td> <Td> 9,340 </Td> <Td> 0.9340 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Carbon dioxide </Td> <Td> CO </Td> <Td> 400 </Td> <Td> 0.04 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Neon </Td> <Td> Ne </Td> <Td> 18.18 </Td> <Td> 0.001818 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Helium </Td> <Td> He </Td> <Td> 5.24 </Td> <Td> 0.000524 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Methane </Td> <Td> CH </Td> <Td> 1.79 </Td> <Td> 0.000179 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="4"> Not included in above dry atmosphere : </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Water vapor </Td> <Td> H O </Td> <Td> 10 -- 50,000 </Td> <Td> 0.001 % -- 5 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="4"> notes : <P> volume fraction is equal to mole fraction for ideal gas only , also see volume ( thermodynamics ) ppmv : parts per million by volume Water vapor is about 0.25 % by mass over full atmosphere Water vapor strongly varies locally </P> </Th> </Tr> </Table> <P> The relative concentration of gasses remains constant until about 10,000 m ( 33,000 ft ) . </P> <H2> Structure of the atmosphere </H2> Earth 's atmosphere Lower 4 layers of the atmosphere in 3 dimensions as seen diagonally from above the exobase . Layers drawn to scale , objects within the layers are not to scale . Aurorae shown here at the bottom of the thermosphere can actually form at any altitude in this atmospheric layer . <H3> Principal layers </H3> <P> In general , air pressure and density decrease with altitude in the atmosphere . However , temperature has a more complicated profile with altitude , and may remain relatively constant or even increase with altitude in some regions ( see the temperature section , below ) . Because the general pattern of the temperature / altitude profile is constant and measurable by means of instrumented balloon soundings , the temperature behavior provides a useful metric to distinguish atmospheric layers . In this way , Earth 's atmosphere can be divided ( called atmospheric stratification ) into five main layers . Excluding the exosphere , the atmosphere has four primary layers , which are the troposphere , stratosphere , mesosphere , and thermosphere . From highest to lowest , the five main layers are : </P> <Ul> <Li> Exosphere : 700 to 10,000 km ( 440 to 6,200 miles ) </Li> <Li> Thermosphere : 80 to 700 km ( 50 to 440 miles ) </Li> <Li> Mesosphere : 50 to 80 km ( 31 to 50 miles ) </Li> <Li> Stratosphere : 12 to 50 km ( 7 to 31 miles ) </Li> <Li> Troposphere : 0 to 12 km ( 0 to 7 miles ) </Li> </Ul> Exosphere Main article : Exosphere <P> The exosphere is the outermost layer of Earth 's atmosphere ( i.e. the upper limit of the atmosphere ) . It extends from the exobase , which is located at the top of the thermosphere at an altitude of about 700 km above sea level , to about 10,000 km ( 6,200 mi ; 33,000,000 ft ) where it merges into the solar wind . </P> <P> This layer is mainly composed of extremely low densities of hydrogen , helium and several heavier molecules including nitrogen , oxygen and carbon dioxide closer to the exobase . The atoms and molecules are so far apart that they can travel hundreds of kilometers without colliding with one another . Thus , the exosphere no longer behaves like a gas , and the particles constantly escape into space . These free - moving particles follow ballistic trajectories and may migrate in and out of the magnetosphere or the solar wind . </P> <P> The exosphere is located too far above Earth for any meteorological phenomena to be possible . However , the aurora borealis and aurora australis sometimes occur in the lower part of the exosphere , where they overlap into the thermosphere . The exosphere contains most of the satellites orbiting Earth . </P> Thermosphere Main article : Thermosphere <P> The thermosphere is the second - highest layer of Earth 's atmosphere . It extends from the mesopause ( which separates it from the mesosphere ) at an altitude of about 80 km ( 50 mi ; 260,000 ft ) up to the thermopause at an altitude range of 500 -- 1000 km ( 310 -- 620 mi ; 1,600,000 -- 3,300,000 ft ) . The height of the thermopause varies considerably due to changes in solar activity . Because the thermopause lies at the lower boundary of the exosphere , it is also referred to as the exobase . The lower part of the thermosphere , from 80 to 550 kilometres ( 50 to 342 mi ) above Earth 's surface , contains the ionosphere . </P> <P> The temperature of the thermosphere gradually increases with height . Unlike the stratosphere beneath it , wherein a temperature inversion is due to the absorption of radiation by ozone , the inversion in the thermosphere occurs due to the extremely low density of its molecules . The temperature of this layer can rise as high as 1500 ° C ( 2700 ° F ) , though the gas molecules are so far apart that its temperature in the usual sense is not very meaningful . The air is so rarefied that an individual molecule ( of oxygen , for example ) travels an average of 1 kilometre ( 0.62 mi ; 3300 ft ) between collisions with other molecules . Although the thermosphere has a high proportion of molecules with high energy , it would not feel hot to a human in direct contact , because its density is too low to conduct a significant amount of energy to or from the skin . </P> <P> This layer is completely cloudless and free of water vapor . However , non-hydrometeorological phenomena such as the aurora borealis and aurora australis are occasionally seen in the thermosphere . The International Space Station orbits in this layer , between 350 and 420 km ( 220 and 260 mi ) . </P> Mesosphere Main article : Mesosphere <P> The mesosphere is the third highest layer of Earth 's atmosphere , occupying the region above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere . It extends from the stratopause at an altitude of about 50 km ( 31 mi ; 160,000 ft ) to the mesopause at 80 -- 85 km ( 50 -- 53 mi ; 260,000 -- 280,000 ft ) above sea level . </P> <P> Temperatures drop with increasing altitude to the mesopause that marks | The Earth's atmosphere is composed of several gases, including | [
"Nitrogen"
] | 925 | All the gases in the earth's atmosphere? |
4145408349385326530 | Galvez - wikipedia <H1> Galvez </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> Galvez is a Spanish surname . </P> <P> Galvez may also refer to : </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 People </Li> <Li> 2 Places </Li> <Li> 3 Misc </Li> </Ul> <H2> People ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Armando Gálvez </Li> <Li> Balvino Gálvez , former Major League Baseball pitcher </Li> <Li> Bernardo de Gálvez , Count of Gálvez , a Spanish military leader </Li> <Li> Byron Galvez , Mexican artist </Li> <Li> Christian Gálvez , a Chilean football defender </Li> <Li> Ciro Gálvez , a Peruvian lawyer and politician </Li> <Li> Eric Gálvez , professional squash player </Li> <Li> Felicity Galvez , Australian swimmer and Olympic gold medalist </Li> <Li> Gaspar Gálvez Burgos , a Spanish professional footballer </Li> <Li> Isaac Gálvez , a Spanish track and road racing cyclist </Li> <Li> José de Gálvez , a Spanish lawyer and colonial official </Li> <Li> Juan Gálvez , Argentine racecar driver </Li> <Li> Juan Manuel Gálvez , President of Honduras </Li> <Li> Karina Galvez , an Ecuadorian poet </Li> <Li> Manuel Gálvez , an Argentine novelist </Li> <Li> Mariano Gálvez , a jurist and Liberal politician in Guatemala </Li> <Li> Matías de Gálvez y Gallardo , a Spanish general </Li> <Li> Oscar Alfredo Gálvez , racing driver from Argentina </Li> </Ul> <H2> Places ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> United States <Ul> <Li> Galvez , Louisiana </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Argentina <Ul> <Li> Villa Gobernador Gálvez </Li> <Li> Gálvez , Santa Fe </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <H2> Misc ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Gálvez ( Vino de la Tierra ) </Li> <Li> Autódromo Juan y Oscar Gálvez , motor racing circuit in Buenos Aires , Argentina </Li> <Li> José Gálvez FBC , Peruvian football club </Li> <Li> Galvez Hotel , historic hotel located in Galveston , Texas </Li> <Li> Juan Manuel Gálvez International Airport </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Galvez . If an internal link led you here , you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article . </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galvez&oldid=800541091 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Disambiguation pages </Li> <Li> Place name disambiguation pages </Li> <Li> Disambiguation pages with surname - holder lists </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> All article disambiguation pages </Li> <Li> All disambiguation pages </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Cebuano </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 14 September 2017 , at 05 : 00 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> | The last name Galvez originates from a | [
"Spanish surname"
] | 16 | Where does the last name galvez come from? |
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