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2271
[ "Meanwhile,", "finding", "a", "good", "mapping", "from", "the", "original", "task", "labels", "to", "tokens", "(i.e.,", "label", "engineering)", "is", "also", "critical", "to", "few-shot", "performance,", "as", "found", "in", "Schick", "et", "al.", "(2020);", "Gao", "et", "al.", "(2021)." ]
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2272
[ "Many", "attempts", "have", "been", "made", "in", "this", "emerging", "direction", "of", "prompt", "engineering", "(Shin", "et", "al.,", "2020;", "Gao", "et", "al.,", "2021)." ]
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2273
[ "In", "prompting,", "the", "design", "of", "prompts", "often", "plays", "an", "important", "role." ]
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2274
[ "Prompt-based", "learning", "(i.e.,", "prompting)", "aims", "to", "use", "a", "template", "to", "convert", "the", "original", "input", "into", "a", "prompt-based", "input", "with", "some", "unfilled", "masked" ]
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2275
[ "Furthermore,", "recent", "works", "(Schick", "and", "Schütze,", "2021a,b;", "Gao", "et", "al.,", "2021)", "show", "that", "prompts", "can", "also", "help", "the", "model", "generalize", "better", "in", "fine-tuning." ]
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2276
[ "The", "use", "of", "prompts", "can", "strengthen", "the", "explicit", "connection", "between", "input", "and", "output,", "helping", "the", "model", "exploit", "the", "knowledge", "learned", "from", "pretraining", "in", "a", "better", "way." ]
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2277
[ "This", "setting", "of", "few-shot", "learning", "is", "closer", "to", "how", "humans", "learn", "to", "solve", "a", "task,", "often", "without", "many", "examples", "as", "in", "a", "traditional", "deep", "learning", "paradigm." ]
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2278
[ "These", "works", "demonstrate", "the", "potential", "of", "using", "natural", "language", "prompts", "to", "encourage", "the", "model", "to", "recall", "similar", "patterns", "in", "its", "training", "corpus", "and", "thus", "make", "accurate", "predictions." ]
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2279
[ "Since", "the", "release", "of", "GPT-3", "(Brown", "et", "al.,", "2020),", "several", "studies", "have", "focused", "on", "exploiting", "pretrained", "language", "models", "with", "only", "a", "few", "training", "examples", "(Brown", "et", "al.,", "2020;", "Gao", "et", "al.,", "2021;", "Shin", "et", "al.,", "2020)." ]
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2280
[ "Introduction" ]
[ 0 ]
2281
[ "Our", "experiments", "demonstrate", "that", "AMuLaP", "achieves", "competitive", "performance", "on", "the", "GLUE", "benchmark", "without", "human", "effort", "or", "external", "resources.1" ]
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2282
[ "Our", "method", "exploits", "one-to-many", "label", "mappings", "and", "a", "statistics-based", "algorithm", "to", "select", "label", "mappings", "given", "a", "prompt", "template." ]
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2283
[ "In", "this", "paper,", "we", "propose", "Automatic", "Multi-Label", "Prompting", "(AMuLaP),", "a", "simple", "yet", "effective", "method", "to", "automatically", "select", "label", "mappings", "for", "few-shot", "text", "classification", "with", "prompting." ]
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2284
[ "Prompt-based", "learning", "(i.e.,", "prompting)", "is", "an", "emerging", "paradigm", "for", "exploiting", "knowledge", "learned", "by", "a", "pretrained", "language", "model." ]
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2285
[ "Abstract" ]
[ 0 ]
2286
[ "Simple", "and", "Interpretable", "Few-Shot", "Classification" ]
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2287
[ "Automatic", "Multi-Label", "Prompting:" ]
[ 1, 2, 2 ]
2288
[ "One", "should", "be", "careful", "to", "apply", "our", "proposed", "model", "and", "all", "other", "prompt", "tuning", "methods", "in", "high-stakes", "areas", "without", "a", "comprehensive", "test." ]
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2289
[ "However,", "if", "the", "backbone", "model", "stored", "online", "is", "attacked,", "whether", "IDPG", "could", "still", "work", "well", "remains", "unknown." ]
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2290
[ "It", "tunes", "small", "portion", "parameters", "while", "directly", "employs", "backbone", "model", "parameters", "without", "any", "changing." ]
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2291
[ "Our", "proposed", "model", "IDPG", "is", "a", "novel", "efficient", "transfer", "learning", "method." ]
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2292
[ "A.8", "Potential", "Risks" ]
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2293
[ "IDPG", "shows", "its", "stability", "when", "scaling", "to", "larger", "models", "with", "longer", "prompts." ]
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2294
[ "We", "present", "the", "impact", "of", "prompt", "length", "among", "several", "prompt", "tuning", "methods", "in", "Figure", "9." ]
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2295
[ "A.7", "Ablation", "Study", "on", "Prompt", "Length" ]
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2296
[ "We", "present", "the", "cosine", "similarity", "distributions", "when", "k", "=", "100", "and", "k", "=", "300", "in", "Figure", "8a", "and", "in", "Figure", "8b,", "respectively." ]
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2297
[ "A.6", "Cosine", "Similarity", "Distributions", "in", "STS-B" ]
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2298
[ "It", "is", "interesting", "that", "IDPG", "achieves", "best", "results", "in", "position", "0", "while", "the", "standard", "prompt-tuning", "achieves", "the", "best", "results", "in", "position", "4", "for", "both", "single-sentence", "and", "sentence-pair", "tasks." ]
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2299
[ "Figure", "7(b)", "illustrates", "the", "effect", "of", "prompt", "position", "on", "the", "supplementary", "training", "phase." ]
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