Datasets:

google

/

wiki40b

like 14

Q3565549

_START_ARTICLE_ Wally Boag _START_SECTION_ Biography _START_PARAGRAPH_ Boag was born in Portland, Oregon, in 1920 to Evelyn G. and Wallace B. Boag. He joined a professional dance team at age nine, later established his own dance school, and by the age of 19 had turned to comedy. He toured the world's stages in hotels, theaters and nightclubs. While appearing at the London Hippodrome in Starlight Roof, he brought a young 12-year-old girl on stage to help with his balloon act. The girl, a young Julie Andrews, astonished the audience with her voice and was kept in the show. In 1945, Boag signed a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and appeared in films such as Without Love and Thrill of a Romance, in credited roles._NEWLINE_In the early 1950s, while appearing in revues in Australia, he met tenor Donald Novis. It was Novis who got Walt Disney to audition Boag for the Golden Horseshoe Revue, a 45-minute stage show which was written by its first pianist Charles LaVere and lyricist Tom Adair. Novis was the show's first tenor and was replaced by Fulton Burley when he retired in 1962. Both Boag and The Golden Horseshoe Revue were cited in The Guinness Book of World Records for having the greatest number of performances of any theatrical presentation. The show was often incorrectly introduced before a performance as the record holder of the longest running revue in the history of show business. The 10,000th performance of the Golden Horseshoe Revue was featured on NBC's The Wonderful World of Disney._NEWLINE_Boag's Pecos Bill/Traveling Salesman character was a fast-paced comedy routine featuring slapstick humor, squirt guns, a seemingly endless supply of broken teeth which he would spit out throughout the routine, and his signature balloon animals which he called Boagaloons._NEWLINE_In 1963, Julie Andrews once again performed with Boag on the Golden Horseshoe stage along with the Dapper Dans, at a special press-only event to promote the following year's release of Mary Poppins. Together, Andrews and Boag recreated their act of long ago and sang "By the Light of the Silvery Moon."_NEWLINE_While Walt Disney was alive, he did everything he could to further Boag's career. Boag voiced Jose in "Walt Disney's Enchanted Tiki Room" and also wrote much of the script for the attraction, participating also in the development of "Haunted Mansion" in Disneyland._NEWLINE_Disney had small roles written for Boag in The Absent-Minded Professor and Son of Flubber. It was Disney's intention to use Boag as the voice of Tigger in Winnie the Pooh. While at a story meeting for Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day, Disney felt that Wally Boag was perfect for the role of Tigger. However, while watching out for him, Disney died from lung cancer in December 1966. Boag auditioned for Tigger when it was aired until the role ultimately went to Paul Winchell after it aired. Except for a cameo appearance in The Love Bug, Boag did not appear in any more Disney films._NEWLINE_In 1971, Boag took his Pecos Bill character to the newly opened Walt Disney World and re-crafted the saloon show into a faster, funnier Diamond Horseshoe Revue. Three years later he returned to Disneyland and finished his career there, entertaining adoring crowds at the Golden Horseshoe, retiring in 1982. (He had in the meantime performed his act as the human guest on the fifth season of The Muppet Show.) The Golden Horseshoe Revue closed in 1986. In 1995, Boag was inducted into the ranks of the Disney Legends and has his own window on Main Street in Disneyland above the Carnation Company. The inscription reads "Theatrical Agency - Golden Vaudeville Routines - Wally Boag, Prop."_NEWLINE_Boag lived in California with his wife, Ellen Morgan Boag. _NEWLINE_He died on June 3, 2011 in Santa Monica, California from Alzheimer's disease. _START_SECTION_ Legacy _START_PARAGRAPH_ His autobiography, entitled "Wally Boag, Clown Prince of Disneyland," was published in August 2009 and is available for purchase at wallyboag.net. _NEWLINE_Boag's performances have influenced many later performers and comedians, most notable of whom is Steve Martin, who studied Boag's humor and timing while working at Disneyland as a teenager. Boag's performance appears on Week One of the Mickey Mouse Club DVD collection, and the soundtrack of the Golden Horseshoe Revue has been released on CD._NEWLINE_On June 3, 2011, it was announced by Steve Martin on Twitter "My hero, the first comedian I ever saw live, my influence, a man to whom I aspired, has passed on. Wally Boag." The following day, June 4, 2011, Boag's longtime partner at the Golden Horseshoe Revue, Betty Taylor, also died. Ellen died in July 2014.

3276286413171603221

Q348696

_START_ARTICLE_ Walt Frazier _START_SECTION_ High school and college _START_PARAGRAPH_ The eldest of nine children, Frazier attended Atlanta's David Tobias Howard High School. He quarterbacked the football team and played catcher on the baseball team. He learned basketball on a rutted and dirt playground, the only facility available at his all-black school in the racially segregated South of the 1950s. After Howard, Frazier attended Southern Illinois University. Although he was offered other scholarships for his football skills, Frazier accepted a basketball offer from Southern Illinois University, saying that "there were no black quarterbacks, so I played basketball."_NEWLINE_Frazier became one of the premier collegiate basketball players in the country. He was named a Division II All-American in 1964 and 1965. As a sophomore in 1965, Frazier led SIU to the NCAA Division II Tournament, only to lose in the finals to Jerry Sloan and the Evansville Purple Aces 85–82 in overtime. In 1966, he was academically ineligible for basketball._NEWLINE_SIU moved up from Division II to Division I in 1967, and Frazier and SIU won the National Invitation Tournament, beating Marquette University 71–56 in the final, in the last college basketball game played at the old Madison Square Garden in New York. Frazier was named Most Valuable Player of the 1967 tournament. _START_SECTION_ 1967–1970: Career beginnings _START_PARAGRAPH_ Frazier was drafted fifth overall by the New York Knicks. He scored just two points in a 13-point loss against the Detroit Pistons in his NBA debut, but then went on to become one of five NBA players to be named to the NBA All-Rookie Team during the 1967–68 season._NEWLINE_After averaging only 9.0 points per game during his rookie year, Frazier's 17.5 points, 7.9 assists, and 6.2 rebounds per game averages in his second year playing for New York made him one of the most improved players in the league. _START_SECTION_ 1969–70: Breakthrough year and first NBA championship _START_PARAGRAPH_ Frazier was chosen as an NBA All-Star for the first time in his career during the 1969–70 season. He would go on to be selected to seven NBA All-Star Games over the course of his 10-year stint with the Knicks._NEWLINE_The Knicks were able to make it all the way to the NBA Finals during the 1970 NBA playoffs thanks to the great play of both Frazier and star teammate Willis Reed. However, in game five, Reed suffered a leg injury, making him unable to walk for the next few days. With Reed out, chances of the Knicks winning the championship were slim. However, Reed returned to the series, playing the first two minutes of game seven and scoring the first two points of the game. Reed was in too much pain to continue to play for the last 46 minutes of the game, meaning that it was up to Frazier to lead New York to the victory. Frazier recorded 36 points, seven rebounds, 19 assists, and six steals during the game. His performance is one of the greatest performances in NBA playoff history. ESPN is one of the many websites to call Frazier's incredible game the greatest game seven performance ever. _START_SECTION_ 1970–1977 _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Knicks were unable to repeat as champions in 1971, falling to the Baltimore Bullets and their star shooting guard Earl Monroe in the second round of the playoffs despite Frazier's great 20.4 points per game average during the second series._NEWLINE_Following the 1970–71 season the Knicks traded for Earl Monroe, whom was always difficult for Frazier to guard. Not many people thought that he could fit in with Walt, however, Monroe and Frazier soon become known as one of the best backcourts in the league, even earning the nickname the "Rolls Royce" backcourt._NEWLINE_The Knicks returned to the NBA Finals in 1972, but fell to the Los Angeles Lakers who completed a record-setting season with an NBA championship._NEWLINE_Frazier won his and the Knicks' second NBA championship in 1973, when the Knicks defeated the Los Angeles Lakers in a five-game series. Frazier's defense on Jerry West played a major role in defeating the star-filled team._NEWLINE_In 1976, Frazier was selected for his seventh and final NBA All-Star Game._NEWLINE_While playing for the Knicks, he picked up the nickname "Clyde" because he wore a hat similar to that of Warren Beatty, who played Clyde Barrow in Bonnie and Clyde. He was named to the NBA All-Rookie Team in 1968._NEWLINE_Frazier held Knicks' franchise records for most games (759), minutes played (28,995), field goals attempted (11,669), field goals made (5,736), free throws attempted (4,017), free throws made (3,145), assists (4,791) and points (14,617). Patrick Ewing eventually broke most of those records, but Frazier's assists record still stands. _START_SECTION_ Cleveland Cavaliers _START_PARAGRAPH_ After ten years in New York, Frazier ended his career as a member of the Cleveland Cavaliers. Frazier was traded to the Cavaliers after the 1976–77 season for the younger Jim Cleamons. The trade left the NBA world stunned, as many people were furious that New York was willing to let go of arguably their greatest player in franchise history. Frazier played only 66 games over the course of three seasons with the Cavaliers. He retired midway through the 1979–80 season, when he only played 3 games and averaged career-lows of 3.3 points and 2.7 assists before being waived. _START_SECTION_ Style _START_PARAGRAPH_ Frazier is also known for his iconic fashion sense and unique style. The website Clyde So Fly catalogs and grades every suit he wears while broadcasting New York Knicks games on the MSG Network._NEWLINE_Frazier also has a line of Puma sneakers named after him. The promotional material references Frazier's "signature colorful style". _START_SECTION_ Personal life _START_PARAGRAPH_ He lives in Harlem with his long-term girlfriend, Patricia James, and they also have a home in St. Croix. He is the father of a son referred to both as Walt Jr. and, later, Walt III. Frazier is a member of the fraternity Alpha Phi Alpha.

3194503683220209091

Q51332

_START_ARTICLE_ Walt Lloyd _START_SECTION_ Before the crash _START_PARAGRAPH_ Walt is the 10-year-old son of Michael Dawson, a construction worker and part-time artist. He was born August 24, 1994, and is named after Michael's father, Walter. His mother is Susan Lloyd, a law student, who refused to marry Michael._NEWLINE_When offered a job in Amsterdam, Susan persuades Michael to let her take Walt with her while he is still a baby. Two weeks before Walt's second birthday, Susan tells Michael that she and her boss, Brian Porter, are planning to get married and will be moving to Rome, Italy, at the end of the month. A legal battle ensues between Walt's parents. Several months later, they settle their dispute amicably and Michael lets Susan keep Walt with her._NEWLINE_Eight years later, Susan dies in Australia due to a "blood disorder". Brian pleads with Michael to take custody of the boy and even gives him tickets for the flight to Sydney and back, plus money for travel expenses. Brian reveals that he had never wanted to adopt Walt and that he is scared of him. When Michael arrives in Australia to collect Walt, he does not take too well to him. Michael spares Walt's feelings by telling him that Brian wants to keep him, but that it is up to Michael and he has decided to take him. _START_SECTION_ After the crash _START_PARAGRAPH_ Soon after the crash, Walt is left under the care of different people due to Michael's involvement in helping other survivors—in particular, Walt spends time with John Locke. He is intrigued by Locke's hunting instincts, and constantly tries to sneak away with him, always unsuccessfully. He sneaks away with Locke and Boone, and exhibits a natural talent in knife throwing. Michael soon arrives and is enraged, taking Walt away from them and forbidding him to see Locke again. Walt takes Vincent, the dog, and leaves camp, heading into the jungle, where he encounters a polar bear. He is rescued by Michael and Locke._NEWLINE_Michael begins constructing a raft to leave the island, and finishes it after a few days. Walt secretly sets alight to it, completely destroying it. Later, Walt confesses to burning the original raft, explaining that he did not want to leave the island, but decides they need to leave. The next morning, Walt gives Vincent to Shannon before he leaves on the raft with Michael, Jin and Sawyer. That night, however, they encounter the Others, who kidnap Walt. Walt remains in captivity with the Others, but frequently appears to Shannon. In the mobisode "Room 23" it is revealed Walt posed a greater threat to the Others than they had expected, as he had been doing something unspecified that frightened them so that they would not go in to see him. Ben responds to a particular situation with a blaring alarm and people in commotion, and Juliet suggests that Ben take responsibility of the situation and bring Walt back to Michael._NEWLINE_As Michael is inspecting the technical equipment inside the hatch, he unexpectedly receives a message that he believes is from Walt. Michael is briefly reunited with Walt after he is brought to the Others' camp. Later, Michael returns with Jack, Kate, Sawyer and Hurley, in an exchange for Walt and their freedom. Walt waits in a boat, and he and Michael sail off. _START_SECTION_ After the island _START_PARAGRAPH_ While off the island, Walt learns that Michael killed Ana-Lucia and Libby and decided to live at his grandmother's house so as not to speak or have anything to do with his father._NEWLINE_In "The Life and Death of Jeremy Bentham", Walt is shown to be living in New York City. He is visited by Locke, using a wheelchair at that point, having returned from the Island. Locke does not ask Walt to return to the Island as he does with the rest of the Oceanic returnees, as he felt that the boy had been through enough already. In "There's No Place Like Home", after being visited by Locke, Walt visits Hurley at the Santa Rosa Mental Institution with his grandmother. He asks Hurley why the Oceanic Six are lying and is told that they're lying to protect the people left behind on the island. Walt is under the assumption that his father is still alive and living on the island. In "The End", Lost's final episode, neither Walt nor Michael feature among the main characters moving on to the afterlife. However, in the 12-minute epilogue to the series, "The New Man in Charge" (included on the DVD box set), Ben and Hurley visit Walt in the mental hospital that Hurley had previously been in. Ben promises Walt he can "help his father," even though they both know Michael is dead. Hurley and Ben take Walt "home" to the Island, where Hurley promises him he will have a "job". _START_SECTION_ Development _START_PARAGRAPH_ Many children were seen for the role of Walt. They were narrowed down to a top three, with Malcolm David Kelley winning the part after the producers were impressed with his role in the 2002 film Antwone Fisher._NEWLINE_When Kelley was originally cast, the character of Walt was a 10-year-old boy, but, after two seasons, Kelley no longer looked 10. While the first four seasons move slowly through time and only months have passed on the show, the actual filming stretched over several years. The show's writers dealt with this by sending Michael and Walt away from the island at the end of the second season. In his brief appearance at the end of season three, Kelley is noticeably taller and older with a deeper voice. This fact is acknowledged by Locke in "Confirmed Dead". In the season four episode, "Meet Kevin Johnson", Kelley makes a brief uncredited cameo as Walt in the episode's flashbacks. Make-up and CGI were used to make Kelley look younger and more like a 10-year-old. In the season four finale, "There's No Place Like Home", Walt appears in a flash-forward, but this scene is set about three years after the plane crash, so Kelley's older appearance is not a problem. When asked about the production difficulties associated with Walt and possible appearances of the character in the fourth season, co-creator Damon Lindelof stated: "We've always known Malcolm was going to grow faster than we could shoot the show. And we planned for it. Trust us. Please trust us. You'll see [Walt] again. But you're gonna have to be patient. Sorry."_NEWLINE_When the Lost producers were developing the character of Walt, they initially intended for him to display supernatural powers by summoning animals—in the episode "Special", it is suggested that Walt is able both to cause a bird to fly into a window and make a polar bear attack him through telepathy. This is also alluded to in "Live Together, Die Alone", when Ben describes Walt as being "more than [the Others] could handle". Kelley himself was also under the impression that his character possessed "magic powers", but after he had aged significantly enough for him to look no longer ten years old, the writers' plans were changed, and Walt was written out at the end of season two._NEWLINE_Walt returned to Lost in "The Life and Death of Jeremy Bentham", when Locke visits him in New York. Kelley had stated a willingness to return to the show again,_NEWLINE_which was realized in "The New Man in Charge". _START_SECTION_ Reception _START_PARAGRAPH_ Walt's only centric episode was the season one episode, "Special", which received positive reviews from critics. Chris Carabott of IGN described the relationship "or lack thereof" between Walt and his father as "heart wrenching". Kirthana Ramisetti of Entertainment Weekly stated that it was "interesting" to discover that "Walt is 'different' and has special powers". She also named the scene of Walt and Michael reading letters towards the end of the episode as "one of [her favorites] of the entire season"._NEWLINE_For his performance as Walt, Kelley won the award for Best Supporting Performance in a TV Series (Comedy or Drama) at the 2006 Young Artist Awards. He had been nominated for the Leading Performance award in the same category the previous year. He also co-won the 2005 Screen Actors Guild Award for "Best Ensemble – Drama Series.

1657821862427442575

Q93461

_START_ARTICLE_ Walter Nowotny _START_SECTION_ Early life _START_PARAGRAPH_ Walter Nowotny was born in Gmünd, a small town in Lower Austria. His father, Rudolf Nowotny, was a railway official; his two brothers, Rudolf and Hubert, became officers in the Wehrmacht. Hubert Nowotny was killed in action in the Battle of Stalingrad. From 1925 to 1935, his family lived in Schwarzenau until his father was relocated to Mistelbach, north of Vienna. Walter attended the primary school (Volksschule) in Schwarzenau before graduating to the Bundesoberrealschule in Waidhofen an der Thaya. During these years, he also sang in the Cistercian convent choir in the Zwettl Abbey._NEWLINE_Due to his father's relocation, Nowotny transferred to the secondary school (Oberschule) in Laa an der Thaya, where he received his diploma (Abitur) in May 1938. In his teens, Nowotny was interested in all kinds of sports. In 1935, he played football for the school team in Waidhofen, and in 1937, took first place in the javelin throw and third place in the lower Austrian 1,000 metres (0.62 mi) track and field championships. Nowotny also visited the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. For his then mandatory Labour Service (Reichsarbeitsdienst), he joined the Luftwaffe on 1 October 1939. Nowotny had joined the Nazi Party (NSDAP—National Socialist German Workers' Party) in 1938 with a membership number 6,382,781. _START_SECTION_ Luftwaffe career _START_PARAGRAPH_ Nowotny's military basic training began at the 2. Flieger-Ausbildungsregiment 62 in Quedlinburg (1 October 1939 – 15 November 1939) and continued at the Luftkriegschule 5 in Breslau-Schöngarten (16 November 1939 – 30 June 1940). He was promoted to Fahnenjunker-Gefreiter on 1 March 1940 and shortly afterwards, on 1 April 1940, to Fahnenjunker-Unteroffizier. On 1 July 1940, Notwotny was promoted again, to the rank of Fähnrich. He completed his pilot training and received the Pilot Badge on 19 August 1940. Nowotny also trained as a fighter pilot at the Jagdfliegerschule 5 in Wien-Schwechat (1 August 1940 – 15 November 1940), the same school that Hans-Joachim Marseille had attended one year earlier. One of his teachers at the Jagdfliegerschule 5 was the Austro-Hungarian World War I ace Julius Arigi. Here Nowotny befriended Karl Schnörrer and Paul Galland, the younger brother of General der Jagdflieger Adolf Galland. After graduation from the Jagdfliegerschule 5, Nowotny was transferred to the I./Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Merseburg on 16 November 1940, flying fighter cover for the Leuna industrial works. _START_SECTION_ With Jagdgeschwader 54 _START_PARAGRAPH_ Nowotny was posted to the Ergänzungsstaffel (Training/Supplement Squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54) on 1 December 1940. JG 54 at the time was under the command of Major Hannes Trautloft. Nowotny was transferred again, this time to the 9th Staffel of JG 54 (9./JG 54), the so-called Teufelsstaffel (Devils' Squadron) where he was further trained by veterans from the front line (23 February 1941 – 25 March 1941). From 25 March 1941 to 10 March 1942, Notwotny flew with the Stabsstaffel of the Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe JG 54 where he was promoted to Leutnant on 1 April 1941, effective as of 1 February 1941._NEWLINE_Nowotny flew a Messerschmitt Bf 109 E-7 "White 2" on his 24th operational mission on 19 July 1941 and claimed his first two enemy aircraft, both Polikarpov I-153 biplanes of Voenno-Vozdushnye Sily (VVS—Military Air Forces) KBF's 12 OIAE/61 BAB, over Saaremaa. He was shot down in the same engagement by Aleksandr Avdeyev, also in a Polikarpov I-153. According to Soviet archives, no Soviet aircraft was lost in the engagement. Nowotny spent three days in a dinghy in the Gulf of Riga – on one occasion almost being run down by a Soviet destroyer – until finally being washed ashore on the Latvian coast._NEWLINE_Nowotny quickly recovered from his ordeal and on 31 July claimed a Beriev MBR-2 flying boat north-west of Saaremaa and an Ilyushin DB-3 bomber south of the island. For the rest of his combat career, Nowotny always wore the trousers (German: Abschußhose roughly "shoot down pants" sometimes also referred to as "victory pants") that he had worn during those three days in the Gulf of Riga – with one exception, his last sortie, at Achmer on 8 November 1944, when he was killed flying the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter._NEWLINE_In 1942, Nowotny increased his tally of victories and claimed his 30th and 31st kills on 11 July over the Wolchow bridgehead, which earned him the Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe) on 14 July 1942. Nowotny shot down a further five aircraft on a single day (32nd – 36th victories), known as an "ace in a day", on 20 July and repeated the designation with seven (48th – 54th victories) on 2 August. After having downed three enemy aircraft on 11 August, Leutnant Nowotny carried out three victory passes over the airfield, despite having sustained combat damage to his own Bf 109 "Black 1". In the subsequent landing, his aircraft somersaulted and he sustained moderate injuries. Walter Nowotny was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 4 September, after 56 aerial victories. The Knight's Cross earned him a home leave to Vienna. Here, the brothers Hubert and Walter met for the last time before Hubert was killed at Stalingrad. Leutnant Nowotny was made Staffelkapitän of 1./JG 54 on 25 October, replacing Oberleutnant Heinz Lange._NEWLINE_In January 1943, JG 54 started converting to the agile Focke-Wulf 190 fighter. With the new aircraft, Nowotny scored at an unprecedented "kill" rate, often averaging more than two planes a day for weeks on end. As of 1 February 1943, Nowotny, Karl Schnörrer, – Nowotny's wingman since late 1942 – Anton Döbele and Rudolf Rademacher, formed a team known as the "chain of devils" (Teufelskette) or the Nowotny Schwarm, which during the course of the war was credited with 524 combined kills, making them the most successful team in the Luftwaffe._NEWLINE_Nowotny scored his 69th to 72nd victory on 16 March. He reached the century mark on 5 June 1943, on his 344th combat mission. He was the 42nd Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark. By 24 June, he would accumulate a further 24 victories increasing his total to 124. On 21 August, Nowotny was made Gruppenkommandeur of I./JG 54. In August alone, he shot down 49 aircraft – a number matched exactly by Jagdgeschwader 52's (JG 52) Erich Hartmann – bringing Nowotny's total to 161  victories. On 1 September, he scored ten victories in two sorties, which took his tally to 183. Seventy-two hours later, that number had risen to 189, earning him the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub) on 8 September. The award was to be personally presented by the Führer, Adolf Hitler, on 22 September 1943. However, by this date Nowotny had claimed his double century (200) on 8 September, and, on 15 September, his 215th victory, making him the highest-scoring pilot in the Luftwaffe to that time. Two Lavochkin La-5s and a Yakovlev Yak-9 on 17 September brought his score to 218 victories, earning him Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern) on 22 September 1943. The planned "Oak Leaves" presentation thus became a "Swords" ceremony. _START_SECTION_ Diamonds _START_PARAGRAPH_ Nowotny was promoted to Hauptmann on 21 September 1943, effective as of 1 October, following his 225th victory. On 14 October 1943, he became the first pilot to reach 250 victories, following his 442 combat missions. Nowotny was celebrating this feat in the Ria Bar in Vilna when he received a phone call from Hitler himself, announcing that he had been awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten), making him the eighth of 27 men to be so honored._NEWLINE_The Brillanten (Diamonds) were presented by Hitler at the Wolfsschanze, near Kętrzyn (German: Rastenburg) on 19 October 1943. Nowotny immediately went on a short vacation to Vienna before returning to his front-line unit. On 29 October 1943, Nowotny presented the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross to Oberfeldwebel Otto Kittel. In the days following, Nowotny flew as wingman to Karl Schnörrer, helping him accumulate further victories. On 11 November, Anton Döbele was killed when he rammed an Il-2 Sturmovik. The next day, 12 November 1943, Schnörrer was severely injured after bailing out at low altitude. Schnörrer was replaced as Nowotny's wingman by Unteroffizier Ernst Richter. With Richter, Nowotny claimed his final two aerial victories on the Eastern Front on 15 November 1943. In total, Nowotny had claimed 255 confirmed kills plus a further 50 unconfirmed, before he was taken off combat duty._NEWLINE_Nowotny was sent on a propaganda tour in Germany, which included the presentation of the Knight's Cross of the War Merit Cross (Ritterkreuz des Kriegsverdienstkreuzes) to the railroad engineer August Kindervater on 7 December 1943 – Nowotny's 23rd birthday. Shortly before Christmas, he visited the Focke-Wulf production site at Bad Eilsen, where he was met by Professor Kurt Tank. The mayor of Vienna, Dipl.-Ing. Hanns Blaschke awarded Nowotny the city's ring of honour on 11 January 1944, the presentation taking place a week later. It was a token that Nowotny accepted reluctantly, feeling that he did not deserve it. His next official visit was the Büromaschinenfabrik (office machinery factory) at Zella-Mehlis, before he briefly returned to Jagdgeschwader 54. Nowotny was made Geschwaderkommodore of Jagdgeschwader 101 (JG 101) and commander of the Jagdfliegerschule 1, a Luftwaffe fighter pilot training school at Pau in southern France, in April 1944. _START_SECTION_ Kommando Nowotny and death _START_PARAGRAPH_ In September 1944, Nowotny was made commander of a specialist unit dubbed Kommando Nowotny, flying the newly developed Messerschmitt Me 262 out of airfields near Osnabrück. The unit not only had to contend with the enemy, but also with working through the 'teething' phase of the Me 262 and developing the tactics appropriate for a jet unit. On 7 October, Nowotny downed a B-24 Liberator bomber, his first aerial victory on the Western Front._NEWLINE_Generals Alfred Keller and Adolf Galland had scheduled an inspection at Achmer for the afternoon of 7 November 1944. Galland had already visited Kommando Nowotny several times and was deeply concerned over the high attrition rate and meager success achieved by the Me 262. After inspecting the two airfields at Achmer and Hesepe, he stayed in the Penterknapp barracks discussing the problems of the past few weeks. Several pilots openly expressed their doubts as to the readiness of the Me 262 for combat operations._NEWLINE_The next morning, 8 November 1944, the Generals arrived again at Nowotny's command post and Keller declared that the aces of the past years had become cowards and that the Luftwaffe had lost its fighting spirit. Shortly after, news reached the command post of a large bomber formation approaching. Two Rotten of Me 262 were prepared for take-off, Erich Büttner and Franz Schall at Hesepe, and Nowotny and Günther Wegmann at Achmer. At first only Schall and Wegmann managed to take off because Büttner had a punctured tire during taxiing and Nowotny's turbines initially refused to start. With some delay, Nowotny took off and engaged the enemy on his own, Schall and Wegmann having since retired from the action after sustaining battle damage. Nowotny radioed that he had downed a B-24 Liberator and a P-51 Mustang before he reported one engine failing and made one final garbled transmission containing the word "burning". Helmut Lennartz recalled:_NEWLINE_"I remember Nowotny's crash very well. Feldwebel Gossler, a radio operator with our unit, had set up a radio on the airfield. Over this set I and many others listened to the radio communications with Nowotny's aircraft. His last words were, "I'm on fire" or "it's on fire". The words were slightly garbled._NEWLINE_It remains unclear whether Nowotny was killed due to engine failure or whether he was shot down by United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) Captain Ernest Fiebelkorn (20th Fighter Group) and 1st Lieutenant Edward "Buddy" Haydon (357th Fighter Group) east of Hesepe. In recent years, United States military historians proposed that Nowotny's victor may have been P-51D pilot Lieutenant Richard W. Stevens of the 364th Fighter Group. Many witnesses observed Nowotny's Me 262 A-1a Werk Nummer 110 400 (factory number) "White 8" dive vertically out of the clouds and crash at Epe, 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) east of Hesepe._NEWLINE_Nowotny was given a state funeral in Vienna. The guard of honour was composed of his friend Karl Schnörrer, Oberst Gordon Gollob, Major Rudolf Schoenert, Hauptmann Heinz Strüning, Major Josef Fözö and Major Georg Christl. The eulogy was delivered by General der Jagdflieger Adolf Galland and Generaloberst Otto Deßloch. Nowotny was buried at the Zentralfriedhof in Vienna in a grave of honour sponsored by the city of Vienna. Following an initiative by the Austrian Green Party and debates in the Vienna Landtag, a resolution supported by Social Democrats and Greens was passed to remove the status of honour in 2003.

5726646317382363096

Q440490

_START_ARTICLE_ Walter Sisulu _START_SECTION_ Family and education _START_PARAGRAPH_ Sisulu was born in Ngcobo in the Union of South Africa. His mother, Alice Mase Sisulu, was a Xhosa domestic worker and his father, Albert Victor Dickinson, who was white. Dickinson worked in the Railway Department of the Cape Colony from 1903 to 1909 and was transferred to the Office of the Chief Magistrate in Umtata in 1910. His mother was related to Evelyn Mase, Nelson Mandela's first wife. Dickinson did not play a part in his son's upbringing, and the boy and his sister, Rosabella, were raised by his mother's family, who were descended from the Thembu clan. AV Dickinson later went on to become the Attorney General of the Transvaal._NEWLINE_Educated in a local missionary school, he left in 1926 to find work. He moved to Johannesburg in 1928 and did a wide range of manual jobs._NEWLINE_He founded Sitha Investments in 1939. It was situated at Barclay Arcade between West Street and Commissioner Street in the business district of Johannesburg. Its objective is to help blacks and Indians to buy houses in Apartheid South Africa. During its operations, Sitha was the only black-owned estate agency in South Africa._NEWLINE_He married Albertina in 1944; Nelson Mandela was his best man at their wedding. The couple had five children, and adopted four more. Sisulu's wife and children were also active in the struggle against apartheid._NEWLINE_His son Zwelakhe Sisulu became a journalist and union leader, went on to found the New Nation (at the time South Africa's largest black newspaper), served as Nelson Mandela's press secretary, became CEO of the South African Broadcast Corporation, and later a businessperson._NEWLINE_An adopted daughter, Beryl Rose Sisulu, served as ambassador from the Republic of South Africa to Norway. _START_SECTION_ ANC activism _START_PARAGRAPH_ He joined the ANC in 1941. In 1943, together with Nelson Mandela and Oliver Tambo, he joined the ANC Youth League, founded by Anton Lembede, of which he was initially the treasurer. He later distanced himself from Lembede after Lembede, who died in 1947, had ridiculed his parentage (Sisulu was the son of a white foreman). Sisulu was a political networker and had a prominent planning role in the militant Umkhonto we Sizwe ("Spear of the Nation"). He was made secretary general of the ANC in 1949, displacing the more passive older leadership, and held that post until 1954. He also joined the South African Communist Party._NEWLINE_As a planner of the Defiance Campaign from 1952, he was arrested that year and given a suspended sentence. In 1953, he travelled to Europe, the USSR, Palestine, and China as an ANC representative. He was jailed seven times in the next ten years, including five months in 1960, and was held under house arrest in 1962. At the Treason Trial (1956–1961), he was eventually sentenced to six years, but was released on bail pending his appeal. He went underground in 1963, resulting in his wife being the first woman arrested under the General Laws Amendment Act of 1963 (or "90-day clause"). He was caught at Rivonia on 11 July, along with 16 others. At the conclusion of the Rivonia Trial (1963–1964), he was sentenced to life imprisonment on 12 June 1964. With other senior ANC figures, he served the majority of his sentence on Robben Island._NEWLINE_In October 1989, he was released after 26 years in prison, and in July 1991 was elected ANC deputy president at the ANC's first national conference after its unbanning the year before. He remained in the position until after South Africa's first democratic election in 1994. _START_SECTION_ Awards _START_PARAGRAPH_ In 1992, Walter Sisulu was awarded Isitwalandwe Seaparankoe, the highest honour granted by the ANC, for his contribution to the liberation struggle in South Africa. The government of India awarded him Padma Vibhushan in 1998. Walter Sisulu was given a "special official funeral" on 17 May 2003. In 2004 he was voted 33rd in the SABC 3's Great South Africans._NEWLINE_The Walter Sisulu National Botanic Garden, Walter Sisulu University and Walter Sisulu Local Municipality are named after him.

5326020522153729128

Q29786946

_START_ARTICLE_ Walter Tennant _START_SECTION_ Background _START_PARAGRAPH_ Tennant's birth was registered in Pontefract district, West Riding of Yorkshire, England his death details are unknown. _START_SECTION_ Playing career _START_PARAGRAPH_ Tennant made his début for the Featherstone Rovers on Wednesday 30 August 1939, he appears to have scored no drop-goals (or field-goals as they are currently known in Australasia), but prior to the 1974–75 season all goals, whether; conversions, penalties, or drop-goals, scored 2-points, consequently prior to this date drop-goals were often not explicitly documented, therefore '0' drop-goals may indicate drop-goals not recorded, rather than no drop-goals scored. In addition, prior to the 1949–50 season, the archaic field-goal was also still a valid means of scoring points. _START_SECTION_ County honours _START_PARAGRAPH_ Tennant won a cap for Yorkshire while at the Featherstone Rovers; during the 1949–50 season against Cumberland. _START_SECTION_ County Cup Final appearances _START_PARAGRAPH_ Tennant played right-centre, i.e. number 3, in the Featherstone Rovers' 12-9 victory over Wakefield Trinity in the 1939–40 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1939–40 season at Odsal Stadium, Bradford on Saturday 22 June 1940. _START_SECTION_ Testimonial match _START_PARAGRAPH_ Tennant's benefit season at the Featherstone Rovers took place during the 1950–51 season. _START_SECTION_ Genealogical information _START_PARAGRAPH_ Walter Tennant was the son of the rugby league footballer; Buff Lord, and the younger brother of Margaret Tennant (birth registered during first ¼ 1919 in Pontefract district), and the older brother of the rugby league footballer; Nelson Tennant, Alice Tennant (birth registered during second ¼ 1925 in Pontefract district), Maurice Tennant (birth registered during second ¼ 1928 in Pontefract district - death registered during second ¼ 1929 (aged-1) in Pontefract district), and the rugby league footballer; Alan Tennant. Walter Tennant's marriage to Doris (née Glassell) was registered during second ¼ 1944 in Pontefract district. They had children; the future rugby league footballer; Clive M. Tennant.

15803151104411087403

Q28549859

_START_ARTICLE_ Walter Wardle _START_PARAGRAPH_ Walter Thomas Wardle (born Southsea 22 July 1900; died 12 February 1982) was Archdeacon of Gloucester from 1949 until his death._NEWLINE_Wardle was educated at Pembroke College, Oxford; and Ripon College Cuddesdon. He was ordained Deacon in 1926; and Priest in 1927. After a curacy at Weeke he was an SPG Chaplain at Montana, Switzerland He was Rector of Wolferton with Babingley from 1929 to 1938; Vicar of Great Barrington and Little Barrington with Taynton, 1938 to 1943; and Vicar of Charlton Kings from 1943 o 1948 when he became a Canon Residentiary at Gloucester Cathedral, a post he held for the rest of his life.

9618322314756198135

Q7966431

_START_ARTICLE_ Walter Williams (painter) _START_PARAGRAPH_ Walter Williams (1834-1906) was an English landscape painter during the Victorian era, and a member of the Williams family of painters._NEWLINE_He was born George Walter Williams on 29 November 1834 in London, being the son of the well-known Victorian landscape painter George Augustus Williams and his wife Caroline Smith. Some sources attribute to him a twin brother named George. However, as his baptismal record proves, George and Walter are the same person. He became a painter like his father, and married another painter Jane Pearcy (1832-1872), with whom he had two children - Florence Ada Williams (1859-1927) and Cyril Stanley Williams (b. 1863) - both of whom became painters as well, but neither of whom achieved any measurable degree of success as artists. Walter remarried two more times, after the deaths of each of his previous wives._NEWLINE_He is commonly confused with a contemporary, but different, landscape painter named Walter Heath Williams, to whom he is not related. The former generally signed his works Walter Williams or W. Williams, whereas the latter used Walter H. Williams or simply W.H. Williams, the similarity in their signatures adding to the confusion between the two artists. Walter Williams generally painted subjects similar to those by the rest of his family, with bodies of still water next to dense thickets of trees against backdrops of hills and clouds. His paintings tend to be dark in tone with a profusion of green. By contrast, Walter Heath Williams painted landscapes that are much lighter and brighter in tone, characterized by yellows and light browns, his favorite subjects being farm fields with corn stalks and piles of hay._NEWLINE_Williams lived at 8 Lonsdale Terrace in Surrey for most of his life, and he exhibited a total of 81 paintings at the Royal Academy (10 works), the British Institution (14 works) and the Society of British Artists (47 works). His first wife Jane Williams exhibited some of her works also. He continued to paint after Jane's death, but after the death of his third wife, who is said to have been close to thirty years his junior, he fell into decline and ruin. He finally left his home in poverty in 1902 to enter a work house, and soon lost contact with family and friends. He died at the age of 71 on 14 April 1906 in a poorhouse in Richmond, Surrey and was buried in a pauper's grave. It is said that his sister Caroline Fanny Williams lived just a short distance away, yet was unaware of her brother's passing._NEWLINE_Though incorrectly credited sometimes to Walter Heath Williams, an example of the work of Walter Williams, son of George Augustus Williams is The Pass at Llanberris in the Harris Museum & Art Gallery at Preston Lancashire. Examples probably exist in other British museums as well that are wrongly attributed to his namesake.

7769693541305452090

Q7966559

_START_ARTICLE_ Walterdale, Edmonton _START_PARAGRAPH_ Walterdale is a former industrial and residential neighbourhood in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada within the North Saskatchewan River valley. It is located on the south shore of the river in an area now occupied by Kinsmen Park within a river valley neighbourhood named River Valley Walterdale. _START_SECTION_ Archaeology _START_PARAGRAPH_ The preparation work for a reconstruction of the Walterdale Bridge in 2012 revealed evidence of human habitation in the area going back 1,000 years including stone artifacts, butchered animal bones, and evidence of plant use in association with a defined hearth feature. _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ The neighbourhood was named for John Walter who, in 1875, was the first person to construct a house on the south side of the river opposite of Fort Edmonton, and later became a prominent businessman and local politician. With the numerous businesses he established in the area, the Walterdale neighbourhood eventually built up around his original residence in part of what eventually became Strathcona. Originally known as South Edmonton, Strathcona incorporated as a town in 1899, later incorporating as a city in 1907 and subsequently amalgamating with the City of Edmonton in 1912. The North Saskatchewan River flooded in 1915 destroying much of John Walter's assets.

16073758112749770813

Q875059

_START_ARTICLE_ Walthamstow (UK Parliament constituency) _START_SECTION_ 1885–1918 _START_PARAGRAPH_ The South-Western or Walthamstow Division of the parliamentary county of Essex was created by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, when the existing seat of South Essex was divided into three single-member constituencies._NEWLINE_The constituency consisted of the three civil parishes of Leyton, Wanstead and Walthamstow. The area lay on the periphery of the London conurbation and became increasingly suburban over its existence._NEWLINE_The seat was abolished under the Representation of the People Act 1918. Two new constituencies were created with Walthamstow Urban District divided between Walthamstow East and Walthamstow West. _START_SECTION_ 1974 – date _START_PARAGRAPH_ 1974-1983: The London Borough of Waltham Forest wards of Higham Hill, High Street, Hoe Street, St James Street, and Wood Street._NEWLINE_1983-1997: As above plus Lloyd Park._NEWLINE_1997-2010: As above plus Chapel End and Lea Bridge._NEWLINE_2010–present: The London Borough of Waltham Forest wards of Chapel End, Higham Hill, High Street, Hoe Street, Lea Bridge, Markhouse, William Morris, and Wood Street. _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ The seat has been represented by the Labour Party since 1992, before which it was won on a marginal majority in 1987 by a Conservative, having until then (since its 1974 recreation as a seat) been served by one Labour MP, Eric Deakins._NEWLINE_In 2015, Creasy's re-election saw Walthamstow become Labours' second-safest London seat, and tenth-safest nationally. _START_SECTION_ Prominent frontbenchers _START_PARAGRAPH_ Stella Creasy, the present member, was the Shadow Minister for Crime Prevention. _START_SECTION_ Constituency profile _START_PARAGRAPH_ The seat is the part of Outer London closest to Stratford, with its international rail connections, major city shopping centre and London's Olympic Park. To the East the seat borders Walthamstow Forest and Gilbert's Slade, thin sections of Epping Forest, and to the West, the Lea Valley. The eponymous district had as its open space feature a greyhound racing track, which is set for redevelopment into a modernist housing and green space scheme. Workless claimants, registered jobseekers, were in November 2012 significantly higher than the national average of 3.8% and Greater London average of 4%, at 7.2% of the population based on a statistical compilation by The Guardian.

17875999631178475584

Q84924

_START_ARTICLE_ Walther Forstmann _START_SECTION_ World War I _START_PARAGRAPH_ On August 12, 1916 Kapitänleutnant Forstmann of U-39 was awarded the Pour le Mérite for his achievements so far in the First World War._NEWLINE_In 1917 Forstmann, in command of U-39, sank five valuable steamers within only two days in the Straits of Gibraltar with over 20,000 GRT, the SS Normanton (3,862 tonnes), SS Mersario (3,847 tonnes), SS Almora (4,385 tonnes), SS Nuceria (4,702 tonnes) and the Japanese steamer SS Sitosan Maru (3,555 tonnes). The ships carried a total load of 31,500 tonnes of coal, of which more than 26,000 tonnes were meant for Italy for use in the winter. _START_SECTION_ Interbellum _START_PARAGRAPH_ Forstmann wrote his memoirs after the war in the book Hunting in the Mediterranean (German: Auf Jagd im Mittelmeer). In 1921 he qualified as an attorney and in 1924 he became social departmental head and director with the August Thyssen coal company in Duisburg._NEWLINE_From 1929 to 1933 he was a city delegate and parliamentary group leader of the German People's Party in Duisburg._NEWLINE_Between 1933 and 1950 he was a member of the board (1951-1953 member of the supervisory board) of four large housing cooperatives of the Ruhr steel plants. _START_SECTION_ World War II _START_PARAGRAPH_ In the Second World War Forstmann served as chief of different commands in Osnabrück and Copenhagen. In Copenhagen, he was the commander of the Wehrwirtschaftsstab Denmark, Germany's chief industrial purchasing entity in occupied Denmark. He was promoted to Kapitän zur See on July 1, 1942. He retired from the navy in 1945. _START_SECTION_ Postwar career _START_PARAGRAPH_ 1951 - 1955 He became one of the advisors of the housing company - Rheini dwellings A.G. in Duisburg which was responsible for the movement of several villages to enable development of open cast coal mining. In 1954 he became a member of the supervisory board of this company._NEWLINE_In 1956 he was involved in the design structure of the 30 Pestalozzi villages (de) and became vice-president of the German settler federation, chairmen of the executive committee of youth centre place work e. V.

12631685411283135956

Q7966777

_START_ARTICLE_ Walton Road School _START_PARAGRAPH_ Cornwell secondary modern school (formerly Walton Road School) was a school in the district of Little Ilford, now within the London Borough of Newham, but formerly in Essex that was notable for having among its alumni one of the youngest recipients of the Victoria Cross, after whom the school was later renamed. _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ The school began life as the Bessborough Road board school built by the Little Ilford school board in 1900. The school was situated on Walton Road, Manor Park, and became called Walton Road School. Jack Cornwell, who won the Victoria Cross at the Battle of Jutland, was a pupil at the school. On 29 July 1916, when Jack Cornwell's body was exhumed and carried by gun carriage from East Ham Town Hall to Manor Park Cemetery, boys from Walton Road School joined the procession. At the school scholars and staff erected a plaque in his memory which was unveiled by Lady Jellicoe, wife of First Sea Lord Admiral J. Jellicoe._NEWLINE_In 1929 the school was renamed Cornwell School and was reorganised for senior boys, senior girls, and infants. After the Second World War, in 1945 the school was again reorganised for secondary boys and junior mixed, and finally in 1957 for secondary boys only. However, the school only lasted another twelve years and was demolished in 1969.

3119677161269031164

Q7967209

_START_ARTICLE_ Wandering River _START_SECTION_ Services and amenities _START_PARAGRAPH_ The community has a number of hotels and motels, a service station, a school and a post office. The area also has several amenities including a skating and curling rink, a community hall, a senior's centre and a golf course.

11881295978124621402

Q15634410

_START_ARTICLE_ Wanderlust (Sophie Ellis-Bextor album) _START_SECTION_ Singles _START_PARAGRAPH_ The album's lead single, "Young Blood", was offered as a free download on Ellis-Bextor's official website on 26 March 2013, before being officially released on iTunes on 21 November 2013. The single reached number thirty-four on the UK Singles Chart and number three on the UK Indie Singles Chart. The accompanying music video was directed by Sophie Muller._NEWLINE_On 31 March 2014, "Runaway Daydreamer" was released as the second single from the album. The music video was also directed by Sophie Muller. It peaked at number 29 on the UK Indie Chart._NEWLINE_The album's third single is "Love Is a Camera", which was released on 23 June, with the video being filmed in Florence, Italy on 30 April, by director Sophie Muller. The single was added straight onto the BBC Radio 2's A-list playlist._NEWLINE_"The Deer & the Wolf" was released on 24 August as the fourth and final single lifted from the album. The video was shot in London by up-and-coming director Harry Cauty. _START_SECTION_ Commercial performance _START_PARAGRAPH_ Wanderlust debuted on the UK Albums Chart at number four with 10,844 copies sold in its first week, becoming Ellis-Bextor's highest-charting solo album since 2001's Read My Lips, the revised edition of which peaked at number two in mid 2002. The following week, it fell to number five with sales of 8,520 copies. The album slipped to number nine in its third week, selling 7,231 copies. The album now has the second-longest chart run of any Sophie Ellis-Bextor album (after Read My Lips), having spent fourteen consecutive weeks in the top 75 as of 27 April 2014. It was awarded a Silver certification by the BPI after selling 60,000 copies in the UK.

8715659670490115545

Q7967522

_START_ARTICLE_ Wang Laiquan _START_SECTION_ Beginnings _START_PARAGRAPH_ Wang was a painter and skilled artisan living in his native Ningbo when he was hired by the pioneer Christian missionary Hudson Taylor to work in his home. As he was working one day on a ladder he overheard a local basket-maker, Feng Ninggui, who had professed faith in Jesus Christ, explaining why he no longer made incense containers that were used for idol worship. Wang was soon converted to Christianity as well under the ministry of Taylor in the days before the founding of the China Inland Mission._NEWLINE_After his baptism in 1859, Taylor met with Wang individually to instruct him in Christian teaching from the Bible and Wang joined the small congregation of believers that was growing in Ningbo._NEWLINE_Wang put his new faith into immediate service and worked at the local mission hospital that Taylor had taken charge of – with no promise of income other than what he believed that the Lord would provide as needed._NEWLINE_Wang soon learned from Taylor how to read and write the Romanized Ningbo dialect and began teaching others what he had learned about God from the Scriptures. _START_SECTION_ England _START_PARAGRAPH_ In 1860 Taylor’s health was deteriorating and Wang accompanied the Taylor family to London, England in 1860 as a helper and language tutor for new missionaries. He also assisted Taylor, his wife, Maria and Frederick Foster Gough in the revision of the Ningbo dialect New Testament in Romanized colloquial for the Bible Society. Wang’s native language expertise assured that the final translation would be accurate and trustworthy._NEWLINE_While in England, Wang became part of the Taylor family in many ways: helping with laundry, helping Maria take care of the little children, and joining with Taylor in close personal discipleship training and even medical studies. Taylor took him to meet the famous London Baptist preacher, Charles Spurgeon at the Metropolitan Tabernacle. Together they influenced Spurgeon to promote the cause of missionary work in China with his sermons and writings. Taylor also brought Wang to meet the Bristol orphanage founder George Muller who would later fund one third of the China Inland Mission budget in the following years of 1866-1871._NEWLINE_Taylor promoted Wang's abilities as a preacher even in England and acted as interpreter for him when he spoke to English congregations. _START_SECTION_ Return to China _START_PARAGRAPH_ After returning to China he was appointed pastor of the church in Hangzhou begun by the China Inland Mission in 1866-1867. He served as a pastor for 40 years.

12737151369139615504

Q6130486

_START_ARTICLE_ Wang Yitang _START_SECTION_ In the end of the Qing Dynasty _START_PARAGRAPH_ A native of Hefei in Anhui Province, Wang Yitang passed the Imperial examination in 1904 and became Jinshi (進士); however, he hoped to study about the military. In September he was sent on a government scholarship to Japan, where he attended the Tokyo Shimbu Academy, a military preparatory school. After graduating he entered the Imperial Japanese Army’s 9th Artillery Regiment based in Kanazawa; however, he found that military life was not to his liking, so he transferred to Hosei University._NEWLINE_He returned to China in 1907. After that he successively held the positions of Director of the Department for Military Affairs (兵部主事), Military Counselor to the office for the Viceroy of Three Northeast Provinces (on that time, the Viceroy was Xu Shichang), Commander of the 1st Brigade of the Jilin Army (吉林陸軍第1協統統領) and Councilor to the Training Office of the Jilin. From 1909 he visited the Empire of Russia and the United States as a military attaché. _START_SECTION_ In the Anhui clique _START_PARAGRAPH_ After the Xinhai Revolution broke out, Yitang--through the introduction of Xu Shichang--joined the secretariat of Yuan Shikai. In 1912 he successively belonged to several political parties: Minshe (民社), Gonghe Cujinhui (共和促進會), Unity Party (Tongyidang; 統一黨) and Republican Party (Gonghedang; 共和黨). In 1913 he was elected to the National Assembly as the representative for Tibet. In May the United Party, Democratic Party (Minzhudang; 民主黨) and Republican Party merged, becoming the Progressive Party (Jinbudang; 進步黨) and Yitang was appointed Director. In May 1914 he was appointed a member of the State Council. In August 1915 he was appointed Civil Governor of Jilin. In April 1916 he became Minister of the Interior, and held that post until the end of June._NEWLINE_Following the death of Yuan Shikai, Yitang joined Duan Qirui's Anhui clique. The next November Duan formed the New Provisional Senate (臨時參議院), with Yitang as President. On March 8, 1918, he and Xu Shuzheng established the Anfu Club, which engaged in political works for the Anhui clique. On August 2 Wang was appointed Chairman of the House of Representatives and led the "Anfu Parliament" (安福國會). However, in July 1920 the Anhui clique was defeated by the Zhili clique in the Zhili–Anhui War, and the Anfu Club and Anfu Parliament were dissolved. Wang fled into exile in Japan, where he remained for the next four years._NEWLINE_In November 1924 Duan Qirui became Provisional Chief Executive (臨時執政) following the Beijing Coup, and Wang Yitang returned to Beijing. From November 1924 to April 1925 he was Military Governor of Anhui. He resisted the Kuomintang’s Northern Expedition; however, with the collapse of the Beiyang Government in 1928, Wang fled to the foreign settlement in Tianjin and found refuge within the protection of the Japanese Concession. _START_SECTION_ In the provisional governments _START_PARAGRAPH_ In 1931 the Nationalist Government offered Wang a political settlement; later he successively held the positions of Member of the Beiping Political Affairs Readjustment Commission　(駐平政務整理委員會), Member of the Hebei–Chahar Political Council, General Manager of the Tianjin Financial Bank (天津匯業銀行總經理), etc._NEWLINE_Following the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War, Wang Kemin established the Provisional Government of the Republic of China in December 1937. Wang Yitang successively held the positions of Executive Member of the Political Commission (議政委員會常務委員), Minister for Relief, and Minister of the Interior. _NEWLINE_In March 1940 the collaborationist Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China was established by Wang Jingwei, and Wang Yitang was appointed Minister of the Examination Yuan and a member of the North China Political Council (華北政務委員會). From June 1940 to February 1943 he served as Chairman of the North China Political Council._NEWLINE_Following the surrender of Japan in World War II, and the subsequent collapse of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China, Wang Yitang was arrested by Chiang Kai-shek's men at a hospital in Beijing on December 5, 1945. At first it was believed that he was seriously ill, so the authorities decided not to continue prosecution on charges of treason. However, when it was found that he was only faking illness, his trial as a hanjian resumed from September 1946. He was sentenced to death by Hebei High Court, and again by the Nanjing Capital High Court._NEWLINE_Wang Yitang was executed by firing squad at Beiping on September 10, 1948.

9499265456600236764

Q7968390

_START_ARTICLE_ War Claims Act of 1948 _START_PARAGRAPH_ The War Claims Act of 1948, or Public Law 80-896 (62 Stat. 1240; 50 U.S.C.) is a United States federal law passed by the 80th United States Congress on July 3, 1948. It created the War Claims Commission to adjudicate claims and pay out compensation to American prisoners of war and civilian internees of World War II. It authorized ten prisoner of war and civilian internee compensation programs, and four war damage and loss compensation programs. Payments and administrative expenses for all but three of the programs were paid by the liquidation of Japanese and German assets seized by the U.S. after World War II. Payments to prisoners of war were at the rate of US$1 to $2.50 per day of imprisonment, payments to civilian internees of Japan amounted to $60 for each month of internment. Civilians were also eligible for compensation for disability or death. The act did not authorize compensation for civilian internees held by Germany.

2266145210816934879

Q38251955

_START_ARTICLE_ Ware Formation _START_SECTION_ Etymology _START_PARAGRAPH_ The formation was defined in 2015 by Moreno et al., and given the name Ware, meaning "friend" in Wayuunaiki, the language of the local indigenous Wayuu, meaning "friend". The name has been given to pay tribute to the friendship between Colombia and Venezuela. _START_SECTION_ Lithologies _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Ware Formation consists of fine lithic to quartzitic sandstones, mudstones, pebbly conglomerates with sedimentary and metamorphic rock fragments, fossiliferous packstones and sandy to conglomeratic beds with high fossil content. _START_SECTION_ Stratigraphy and depositional environment _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Ware Formation overlies the Castilletes Formation and is overlain by Quaternary alluvium. The age has been estimated to be Late Miocene to Early Pleistocene (5.2 to 1.22 Ma), Uquian, Chapadmalalan and Montehermosan in the SALMA classification, with a narrow definition in the Pliocene (3.5 to 2.8 Ma). The marine invertebrate fauna of the Ware Formation shows a greater similarity with modern assemblages offshore of the Guajira Peninsula than with those of the underlying units. The base of the Ware Formation was deposited in a fluvio-deltaic environment, whereas the marine invertebrate assemblage at the top of the unit contains taxa typical of exposed open-ocean shoreface and nearshore settings, but with proximity to coral reef habitats. The Ware Formation correlates with the San Gregorio Formation in the Venezuelan Falcón Basin.

9555899655495012495

Q7969384

_START_ARTICLE_ Warhammer 40,000 comics _START_SECTION_ As part of the game _START_PARAGRAPH_ The works produced by the Black Library detail the interactions of the Warhammer 40,000 armies: Chaos Space Marines, Daemonhunters, Dark Eldar, Eldar, Imperial Guard, Necrons, Orks, Space Marines, Tau, Tyranids, and the Witch Hunters. They are collaborated efforts between the authors of the Warhammer 40,000 game rules and the writers of the background._NEWLINE_These works are intended to expand on the storylines, characters, armies, and organizations discussed in the Codexes. (Games Workshop officially uses this non-standard plural of "codex.") Combined with contributions to White Dwarf magazine of articles, stories, and rules, as well as miniature lines produced by both Games Workshop and Forge World, these works are an expansion of the original Warhammer 40,000 game and its other companion games. _START_SECTION_ As part of the fictional universe _START_PARAGRAPH_ Most of the graphic novels take place thousands of years after the fall of the Emperor of Mankind at the hands of Horus, his once-loyal son who turned to the worship of Chaos. Many millennia have passed since then, but the Imperium of Man is still at war both with the Chaos armies once led by Horus and with many other new enemies._NEWLINE_These stories are written from the perspective of humans—primarily those of the Imperial Guard, the tech-priests of the Adeptus Mechanicus, the women warriors of the Sisters of Battle, the orders of the Inquisition, and the genetically-enhanced Space Marines. They focus on the Warhammer 40,000 game, with occasional forays into such spin-off games as Necromunda or Inquisitor and use of vehicles and equipment found only in Epic 40,000 (which deals with large-scale miniatures combat rather than the squad-level combat of Warhammer 40,000) or Battlefleet Gothic (which deals with combat between spaceships). _START_SECTION_ Deff Skwadron _START_PARAGRAPH_ Deff Skwadron, written by Gordon Rennie, is one of the few comics written from the Ork perspective and so gives an insight into Flyboyz and Smartboyz._NEWLINE_Black and white pictures. Elements of dark comedy. _START_SECTION_ Kal Jerico _START_PARAGRAPH_ Kal Jerico is a Necromunda bounty hunter, created by Gordon Rennie. He has appeared in a couple of comics series, firstly in an eponymous one and then in Contracts and Agendas, both of which are collected in Underhive Bounty Hunter. His story has been continued in a number of novels. _START_SECTION_ Obvious Tactics _START_PARAGRAPH_ Obvious Tactics, written and drawn by David Pugh, pitches Blood Angels against Nurgle's Death Guard. _START_SECTION_ The Redeemer _START_PARAGRAPH_ The story, written by Pat Mills, follows Klovis the Redeemer on his purge through the Underhive. Klovis, from house of Cawdor, is a Redemption Priest who has to lead his brethren against deviants and mutants. He has taken his crusade out into the Ash Wastes where he discovers a plan to unite the Ratskin, Scavvies and Plague Zombies under The Caller. He is going to combine the power of the Bloodmare and the Rat God to help them sweep through the Underhive and on to destroy Hive Primus. Klovis is the only one who can stop this in time and has to lead his small band of zealots into the Underhive against almost impossible odds._NEWLINE_It was published as a 4-issue mini-series and collected in a single volume. Another collection followed later including an extra eight page story. _START_SECTION_ Boom! Studios _START_PARAGRAPH_ Boom! Studios held the license to produce Warhammer comics and, commencing in 2006, started releasing a number of limited series comic books, which themselves were being collected into trade paperbacks. As of mid-2009, Boom Studios lost the license to Warhammer and Warhammer 40k and will not disclose the reason. They made no explanation or announcement about this to their customers, and just removed all the comics and novels from their website. _START_SECTION_ Damnation Crusade _START_PARAGRAPH_ Written by veteran author Dan Abnett in collaboration with Ian Edginton, this story follows seemingly three different members (Scout Raclaw, Brother Gerhart and the Dreadnought, Brother Tankred) of the Black Templars. They are revealed to be the same character throughout the passage of time detailed in the book. _START_SECTION_ Blood and Thunder _START_PARAGRAPH_ Running from December 2007 to March 2008, Blood and Thunder focuses on the Waaagh!, or war party, of Ork Warboss Gorgutz. _START_SECTION_ Exterminatus _START_PARAGRAPH_ 5 Issues published, running from June 2008 to November 2008. _START_SECTION_ Titan Comics _START_PARAGRAPH_ Titan Comics started publishing Warhammer 40,000 comics in late 2016. _START_SECTION_ Ongoing _START_PARAGRAPH_ An ongoing series of Warhammer 40,000 started publishing in October 2016. Will of Iron was the first four-issue story-arc. In addition, a zero issue was published that preceded the story. It was followed by a four-issue storyline titled Revelations and a four-issue arc titled Fallen._NEWLINE_A new series began in 2018 called Warhammer 40,000: Deathwatch with the first issue released on May 9th and the first collected edition planned for release in December. _START_SECTION_ Dawn of War III _START_PARAGRAPH_ In May 2017, a four-issue limited series titled Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War III, and linked to an RTS video game of the same name, started publishing.

6490735708655190892

Q1755601

_START_ARTICLE_ WarioWare D.I.Y. _START_SECTION_ Story _START_PARAGRAPH_ Dr. Crygor dreams that he is playing on a game console (which resembles a Wii with a Classic Controller). Suddenly, the characters in the game emerge from the screen, causing a stampede. Waking up from the nightmare, Dr. Crygor comes up with a brainstorm and invents the Super MakerMatic 21. While the machines are being assembled in Dr. Crygor's lab, Wario enters with a broken television set for repair and notices the Super MakerMatic 21 is being assembled. He wants to trade his broken television for one of the Super MakerMatics (thinking that it is a television set as well), at which point Dr. Crygor explains what it actually is and its ability to make microgames easily. Wario is amazed and realizes that Dr. Crygor's invention is the key to making huge fortunes and revamps WarioWare, Inc. once again. Unfortunately, many of his employees have quit, so he hires the player to make microgames for him. _START_SECTION_ Gameplay _START_PARAGRAPH_ WarioWare: D.I.Y. allows players to design their own microgames, creating their own graphics, music and designing a 'cartridge' for them. The game features five sections in its main menu: D.I.Y. Studio, where the player designs microgames, WarioWare Inc., the tutorial, D.I.Y Shop, where the player makes microgame cartridges, Options Garage, where players edit preferences and names, and Distribution Center, in which players send games to the Wii or vice versa. Players can also receive games from the NinSoft store while at the Distribution Center. Due to its cross-compatibility with the Wii, the gameplay is restricted to tapping mechanics. When creating the music, the player can hum into the DS's microphone, which the DS then converts into notes, or create their own music. These notes can then be performed by various instruments such as pig noises, similar to music creation in Mario Paint._NEWLINE_Players can send their creations to other D.I.Y. owners or receive other people's works. They can also be uploaded to Nintendo Wi-Fi connection for contest purposes. Additional microgames created by Nintendo could be downloaded from the service, along with "Big Name Games", microgames created by well-known individuals such as other game developers or television personalities. These microgames could be downloaded until May 20, 2014, when the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection service was discontinued._NEWLINE_Additionally, the WiiWare game WarioWare: D.I.Y. Showcase allows users to play the microgames on the Wii using the Wii Remote._NEWLINE_Aside from the user-generated microgames, WarioWare: D.I.Y. includes 95 pre-made microgames featuring the characters Mona, Jimmy T., Ashley, Orbulon, and 9-Volt. WarioWare: D.I.Y. Showcase includes 72 different pre-made microgames featuring Wario-Man, Dribble & Spitz, Kat & Ana, and 18-Volt. Each character has microgames set to certain themes, similar to WarioWare, Inc.: Mega Microgame$!. _START_SECTION_ Development _START_PARAGRAPH_ Development of WarioWare: D.I.Y. began in September 2003 when its developer, Goro Abe, decided that due to how entertaining it was for the team to create microgames, they would make a game that allowed gamers to do the same thing. In an interview, Abe referenced other video games that allow players to create their own role-playing or shooting games, but despite finding it fun, he would quit making them before finishing them. Because of this, he decided that the short nature of the WarioWare series' microgames were perfect for this kind of game, allowing for those with a short attention span to make use of the game. Development took long as a result of the successor to the Game Boy Advance, the "Iris", being replaced by the touch controlled Nintendo DS, which Abe felt was an ideal way to create microgames. However, due to a combination of the difficulty in creating microgames and other projects Abe had to develop, it was put on hold. The project gained new life during the development of the Wii video game WarioWare: Smooth Moves when the developers learned of the WiiConnect24 feature that allows players to exchange or send data. He decided that with D.I.Y., players would be able to make microgames on the Nintendo DS and then send them to the Wii to play. Development restarted after the completion of Smooth Moves. Another designer, Masahito Hatakeyama, got involved after discussing the project with Abe. Hatakeyama was also interested in video games that allow players to make their own content, but he suffered from the same problem and would quit creating his content a third of the way through. He also cited Mario Paint as another game that he played that allowed him to make his own content. He eventually asked Abe if he could participate in the game's development, which Abe said yes to. Taku Sugioka, an employee of Intelligent Systems who had also worked on the DSiWare video game WarioWare: Snapped!, had heard that after Smooth Moves was completed, Abe was going to try something new. Soon after, Abe asked him if he would be interested in participating in its development. He found it to be an interesting project, but was not sure if Abe's ideas could translate well into a video game._NEWLINE_The drawing and music-making portions were made to be based on the drawing and music-making portions of Mario Paint. However, they found difficulty in designing the portion of the game where players designate the objectives of the microgames. Originally, they intended to make characters and items, which they designated as "objects", able to move depending on the players wishes, but they needed to make the game interactive and approachable for players. After Smooth Moves, development of D.I.Y. took two years to complete; one of those years was spent attempting to figure out how to make such interaction and approachability doable. Eventually, they decided on splitting the microgame design process into three phases – the object phase, the background phase, and the sound phase. They created a test model which they viewed as successful after a designer created a microgame in a few hours. At this point, the development had picked up, Sugioka commenting that the team was amazed by this since he was just a designer and not a programmer, meaning he did not have access to special techniques to do this. As the development continued, the game design mechanics grew from the simple test model, as if they were adding to a puzzle, in Sugioka's words. The developers intended on keeping it simple, however, only implementing six buttons. For example, for a microgame that features a jumping character, players may dictate where the character may jump by selecting the "Boing!" button. While Hatakeyama wanted to add more functionality, Abe retorted by commenting either that the player could combine two functions to do what Hatakeyama wanted or that the microgames only lasted a few seconds and did not need to get too complex. The development team attempted to recreate microgames from WarioWare: Touched! to test how easy it would be for players to do so. For some they could recreate, while others they could not. In response, they adjusted the game to make the ones they could not recreate workable. The debugging process was a difficult part of the development due to how many possibilities there were in creating microgames._NEWLINE_While the game originally was going to use a normal Nintendo DS game card, it uses a NAND flash memory card in order to save and load microgames faster and allow players to store more microgames. While this was initially rejected due to a tight schedule, it was eventually implemented. However, during the mass production phase of the development, the game would stop when they tried to utilize the memory. Sugioka was placed in charge of debugging the NAND card, and eventually found the cause. While Abe considered that there would be people who would not want to make microgames, he implemented a feature that would allow players to edit the microgames the developers included to make their own. Initially, they considered having players download microgames from people who have given their friend codes to them, Abe commenting that microgames made by friends and family are more entertaining than those downloaded from anonymous people. However, both methods of exchanging games were eventually included in the game. _START_SECTION_ WarioWare: D.I.Y. Showcase _START_PARAGRAPH_ WarioWare: D.I.Y. also uses connectivity with a WiiWare title called WarioWare: D.I.Y. Showcase, unofficially called WarioWare: Do It Yourself Showcase in PAL countries, allowing users to upload their creations to play on a big screen, and even upload them for contests. The game allows players to play up to 72 pre-made games, listen to pre-made music, or read pre-made comics. Players can also play, listen, or read the things they have already made. Along with that, users can fill out surveys for games that their friends have made. They can also download new content when it comes out and upload their games for other players to download. WarioWare: D.I.Y. Showcase also includes an unlockable versus mode, but options are limited to shuffling every game, user-created and pre-made, alike.

17468452785227878228

Q977954

_START_ARTICLE_ Warrior on the Edge of Time _START_SECTION_ Background _START_PARAGRAPH_ Throughout 1974, Hawkwind heavily toured the UK, Europe and North America with their set being composed predominantly from that year's Hall of the Mountain Grill album. Unusually for them, no new material had been introduced with the exception of some Michael Moorcock poems based on his Elric fictional character, which appeared on the 1974 live album The 1999 Party. In December through to February, the group embarked upon a series of UK dates known as "A Dead Singer" tour after the Moorcock story published in the accompanying tour programme, with support from Dr Feelgood (Wilko Johnson: "Us and Hawkwind were a great bill. We had just been signed by United Artists, Hawkwind's label. UA wanted to give us a little experience in the larger venues. That was where I first met and made friends with Lemmy, who turned out to be a good pal.")._NEWLINE_As the band owed one final single to United Artists to conclude their recording contract, during a mid-tour break they entered Olympic Studios on 5 and 6 January where they recorded Brock's "Kings of Speed" which featured lyrics written by Moorcock originally intended for inclusion on his New Worlds Fair album, Lemmy's "Motorhead" and House's "Spiral Galaxy". The first two were selected for the A and B side respectively, and the single was released on 7 March._NEWLINE_On resuming their UK tour, Brock expressed disillusionment with the band's popularity commenting that "it's getting to be like a war", preferring his life with his wife Sylvie and their two children on their ten-acre Devon farm, trading under an alias in a community which knew nothing of his association with rock music. He revealed the growing disharmony within the band, "you wouldn't believe some of the scenes that go on backstage. All the fucking rows, people losing their temper." He was particularly critical of Turner on both a musical level ("Some nights I've unplugged my guitar and marched across the stage to sort Nik out. He keeps playing the saxophone when I'm singing and I've told him a thousand times not to do that") and personal level ("Nik's really gullible, you know. He knows so many people and they always used to take him for a ride. It's so easy because he's not very sussed out"). He was also critical of Lemmy listing a catalogue of on-stage problems with him, and he "lives that [Hells Angels] fantasy. It's what he'd like to be, but he can't", but he's "quite a good front man, though". Of the forthcoming Eternal Champion project, Brock revealed that he wanted Arthur Brown for the title role, and it would be "a complete fantasy trip on every level... and if we did it, that would be the end [of Hawkwind]"._NEWLINE_The next contract the group signed was a North American deal with Atlantic Records subsidiary Atco Records. With a scheduled North American tour for April and May, "Atlantic... needed an album to co-incide with our visit". For the only time in the 1970s, the group were due to record without having prepared new material in a live environment, which led to concern that "we're going to be really pushed just to get an album together". The band entered Rockfield studios in March, King explaining "we laid all the backing tracks down in about three and a half days. Then, after we had a couple of days off, we went down to Olympic and added bits here and there, dubbed over vocals and mixed it all. That took about three days, and it was finished."_NEWLINE_The band "gave [the songs] their debut on two British gigs at Yeovil and Dunstable [12 and 13 April]", then headed to North America for a tour at the end of April into May, during which Paul Rudolph replaced Lemmy. The album was released by ATCO on 9 May and licensed to United Artists for a UK release. The group promoted the album with tours in Germany and France in June, the UK in July and August including headlining the Reading Festival and appearing at Watchfield Free Festival._NEWLINE_At the beginning of the year, Turner, House, Powell and King had contributed to Michael Moorcock & The Deep Fix's New Worlds Fair, which also featured a guest appearance from Brock. In April, Moorcock, House and Turner contributed to the recording of Robert Calvert's Lucky Leif and the Longships, produced by Brian Eno and arranged by Rudolph. _START_SECTION_ Cover _START_PARAGRAPH_ The original album sleeve unfolds into a large shield-shape, revealing that the silhouetted Warrior is standing at the edge of an apparently bottomless chasm. The landscape on the other side of the chasm is a mirror image, with another setting sun, a closer inspection of this entire image reveals a helmeted face. The reverse of the cover depicts a bronze shield bearing the 8-rayed emblem of Chaos, as described in Moorcock's books. _START_SECTION_ Band reaction _START_PARAGRAPH_ Michael Moorcock: "Warrior On The Edge Of Time was a concept of mine. What Dave tends to do is he says 'Do us a concept' or 'I've got this rough concept, can you work it out?' I do it, then Dave has a different idea and the whole thing shifts away, so that's the way it works. It's a perfectly good way of working – it tends to give Dave a bit of a start or whatever. I was doing a lot of my 'Eternal Champion' stuff on stage, so it seemed automatic to do that because there were so many numbers I could fit into that. I was only in the studio about an hour to do the stuff I did, and it was one of those weird things I didn't get the session fee either."_NEWLINE_Lemmy: "The album was a fuck-up from start to finish. That 'Opa-Loka' was a lot of fucking rubbish. I wasn't even on that. That was the drummer's thing, that track... We were kind of complacent anyway. If you have a hit album, you're complacent, and if you have two you really are in trouble. With them, they had four, 'cos they had In Search of Space before me... There's great stuff on all them albums. 'The Golden Void' was a beautiful track, but by then I was well out of favour."_NEWLINE_Dave Brock: "There was some good stuff on that album. I think we peaked then, in 1974/75."_NEWLINE_Simon King: "I suppose I’m two-thirds happy with this one. For me that’s not bad as I was only half happy with the last one! Warriors is a different musical thing because it’s Simon House’s first real contribution: on Mountain Grill he was too new to be able to have that much influence, and now, of course we’ve got Alan as a second drummer, which has meant a lot of changes." _START_SECTION_ CD Masters _START_PARAGRAPH_ In a 2011 interview Nigel Reeve, custodian of Hawkwind's United Artists Records archive at EMI, explained that Warrior on the Edge of Time had originally been released on a separate contract with United Artists, and its rights were no longer held by EMI, hence it was omitted from EMI's remastering and release of Hawkwind's United Artists catalogue in 1996._NEWLINE_The album was released in the UK on CD for the first time in 1992 on the Dojo label, mastered from vinyl. A second version was released in 1993 on the Canadian label Griffin Music, mastered from a first-generation copy of the original master. This master was the Atco tape used for the 1975 North American vinyl release and included the single mix of "Kings of Speed". The Atco master used by Griffin was originally created at Olympic Studios and didn't have any fades on the tracks. A set of accompanying notes written by Dave Brock in 1975 were used to recreate the original fades when Griffin created their digital master. No EQ was used when the Griffin digital master was created. The transfer was done to match the original vinyl as closely as possible._NEWLINE_In May 2013, Cherry Red reissued the album, along with a new stereo and 5.1 mix by Steven Wilson, on the Atomhenge label managed by Esoteric Recordings. It was also confirmed that the original master tapes were used.

8977905390351085295

Q7958587

_START_ARTICLE_ Wasagamack _START_PARAGRAPH_ Wasagamack or Waasagomach is a community in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It is a settlement of the Wasagamack First Nation located on the western shore of Island Lake on Waasagomach Bay north of St. Theresa Point. It is only accessible by boat across Island Lake. Wasagamack had a population of 1,411 in the Canada Census of 2011.

16507069028981484163

Q834918

_START_ARTICLE_ Washington State Route 107 _START_SECTION_ Route description _START_PARAGRAPH_ SR 107 begins at an intersection with US 101 in rural Grays Harbor County between Cosmopolis and Raymond. The highway travels north along the Little North River and east along the Chehalis River through the communities of Preachers Slough and Melbourne. SR 107 turns north in South Montesano and crosses the Chehalis River into the city of Montesano before the designation ends at a diamond interchange with US 12, while the roadway continues north as Main Street into the city._NEWLINE_Every year, the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) conducts a series of surveys on its highways in the state to measure traffic volume. This is expressed in terms of average annual daily traffic (AADT), which is a measure of traffic volume for any average day of the year. In 2011, WSDOT calculated that between 2,300 and 5,800 vehicles per day used the highway, mostly in the Montesano area. _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ PSH 9 was created with the primary and secondary state highways in 1937, including a 8.28-mile-long (13.33 km) branch that connects the main highway and US 410 in Montesano to US 101 and PSH 14 near Artic. The current truss bridge over the Chehalis River between South Montesano and Montesano was built in the 1950s alongside two other bridges in the area by the Department of Highways. SR 107 was established during the 1964 highway renumbering to replace the PSH 9 branch and was codified in 1970. The new highway was truncated to its current terminus, a diamond interchange with US 12, after Montesano was bypassed by US 12 in 1967. The highway is closed occasionally by seasonal flooding, most recently in 1994 and 2008.

10783144436848594234

Q7971990

_START_ARTICLE_ Washington Winch _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Washington Winch sits in the forests of eastern Victoria near Swifts Creek and is also known as the Washington Iron Works Skidder._NEWLINE_Its rusting relics are close to Bentley Plain and the Moscow Villa hut which was built in 1942 by firetower man Thomas William Ah Chow._NEWLINE_It was a steam-powered logging skidder, or cable winch. It was one of two machines imported to Western Australia in the 1920s and was initially used by the Karri Timber Company to move the large Jarrah logs. It burnt wood as fuel._NEWLINE_Both winches were sold to the Forests Commission Victoria for salvaging timber in the Central Highland on the Toorongo Plateau near Noojee after the 1939 Black Friday fires. The machines were able to move large logs up to 800 m by high-lead cables in the wet and steep terrain. They were also capable of lifting logs off the ground, over rocks and creeks back to a central landing._NEWLINE_The machine near Swifts creek was later sold and moved to its present site by local sawmilling company Ezards in 1959 where it operated until 1960-61. A large logging camp supported men operating the machine. The fate of the second machine is unknown._NEWLINE_The advent of more powerful bulldozers, crawler tractors, haulage trucks and petrol chainsaws dramatically changed logging practices after WW2. It then became feasible for machines to harvest logs and for trucks to haul them directly from the forest to town-based sawmills within a few hours. The new diesel and petrol technology eventually made steam power and the Washington Winch redundant._NEWLINE_The winch remains a unique part of Victoria's cultural heritage and logging history; left intact with engine, spars and cabling still rigged for work it is the only steam-powered engine of its kind in Australia. It is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register, and is managed and protected by local staff at Swifts Creek employed by the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning (DELWP)._NEWLINE_A roof was put over the winch to protect it from the elements, the original spars had rotted and were replaced with messmate poles and new cables were restrung in about 1999. _START_SECTION_ Washington Iron Works _START_PARAGRAPH_ Washington Iron Works was a company in Seattle, Washington, founded by John M. Frink, that built these steam skidders. The company was active from 1882 until the 1980s when its various divisions – manufacturing cranes, logging equipment, and presses – were gradually sold off. The Works closed in 1986._NEWLINE_Washington Iron Works engines revolutionised steam logging in the 1920s and 1930s. The steam-powered winches were mounted on heavy log skid frames which allowed the winch to be transported to new sites. Many Washington skidders can still be seen in North America. _START_SECTION_ Operation _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Washington Winch operated either a high lead or a skyline system._NEWLINE_The high lead system was not often used as it only partially lifted the logs off the ground, which caused the logs to become caught in rocks, and left behind a "snig track", which deepened over time._NEWLINE_The skyline system involved two large spars (trees) used to create a "flying fox" to lift logs over the rough ground._NEWLINE_Riggers climbed 60 m up a large tree and headed the trunk, which would cause the tree to sway violently. They then secured the spar with guy cables and attached the tackle. This operation was dangerous and physically demanding, often taking a full day, with lunch sent up on a rope._NEWLINE_The Washington Winch was used to harvest Alpine Ash logs which was then sawn to produce high-value products such as furniture, flooring and architraves at Ezards mill at Swifts Creek.

11252837296904714177

Q17778561

_START_ARTICLE_ Water Office, Belfast _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Water Office is a former warehouse at 1 Donegall Square, Belfast, Northern Ireland, that is listed by the Northern Ireland Department for Communities at grade B1, citing both "Historic Interest" and "Architectural Interest". _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ It was built between 1860 and 1879 in an Italian Gothic style to the designs of William H. Lynn for Richardson Sons and Owden, linen merchants. It became the offices of the Belfast City and District Water Commissioners before the Second World War during which it was badly damaged by German bombing, and later a shop for Marks & Spencer.

9210830689347162248

Q16224139

_START_ARTICLE_ Water Witch (1835 cutter) _START_SECTION_ Origins _START_PARAGRAPH_ Water Witch was built at Hobart Town, Van Diemen's Land by John Gray during 1835. _START_SECTION_ Career _START_PARAGRAPH_ The vessel was originally built for George Watson and James Smith. She was subsequently owned by Richard Griffiths (1836), William Parcell (1837) and Thomas Strangways (1839). In 1839, she was purchased by the South Australian Government to replace the brig Rapid._NEWLINE_After short career in Tasmania, she was brought to South Australia by Parcell where her duties involved voyages to Thistle Island in Spencer Gulf, Sydney Portland, Port Phillip and King George Sound where she was abandoned by the master and crew. Under the ownership of Strangways, she worked in Encounter Bay. As a South Australian government vessel, she was initially engaged with the charting the lower channels of the River Murray and Lake Alexandrina under the command of William Pullen._NEWLINE_During April 1840, she accompanied the brig Porter which was conveying Governor Gawler to Port Lincoln, where he explored the east coast of Eyre Peninsula in the company of John Hill. In May 1840 she conveyed Hill to Point Riley, from where he reportedly made the first European crossing, on horseback, of Northern Yorke Peninsula._NEWLINE_From June 1840 to January 1841, she supplied Eyre’s expedition at locations such as the head of Spencer Gulf, Streaky Bay and Fowlers Bay. In 1841, her range was restricted to Gulf St Vincent due to her leaky condition. On Pullen's suggestion, she was sent to Encounter Bay where on 8 May 1841, she became the first European vessel to successfully enter the River Murray mouth. E. B. Scott, a friend of Eyre, who had assisted Pullen in his task of surveying Lake Albert acted as mate, and negotiated her from Wellington to Moorundie (some 5 km downstream from present-day Blanchetown). This journey helped establish Moorundie (often spelled "Moorundee") as the first European settlement on the River Murray in South Australia. On 3 July 1841, Water Witch was offered for sale at Goolwa. By March 1842, she was located at Moorundie, where Eyre (who had explored the area in 1839) was serving as the Protector of Aborigines and the Resident Magistrate. _START_SECTION_ Sinking _START_PARAGRAPH_ She sunk at her mooring at Moorundie during a storm on 5 December 1842. The loss was attributed to the vessel being in "poor repair". Her loss was reported by Eyre. _START_SECTION_ Discovery and survey of wreck site _START_PARAGRAPH_ During 1970, a group of recreational divers under the direction of Robert Sexton, an amateur maritime historian, unsuccessfully searched for the wreck site at Moorundie. In 1981, the Society for Underwater Historical Research (SUHR) conducted desktop research followed by underwater searches also without any success. Later in 1982, the SUHR revisited the problem after the discovery of a drawing prepared by Edward Charles Frome in March 1842 showing a vessel moored at Moorundie. The depicted vessel was considered to Water Witch on the basis of research showing that she was the only vessel known to have sailed on the River Murray at the time. In August 1982, the location of the scene drawn by Frome was confirmed on site and a subsequent underwater search of the mooring location revealed a mound of ballast, loose timber and other artefacts._NEWLINE_In March 1984, a project to survey and partially excavate the wreck site was carried out by the Department of Environment and Planning and the SUHR with assistance from the SA Police STAR Force Dive Section. The underwater survey work was carried in total darkness using diver communications system incorporated in full face diving masks. The project received grant funding as part of the celebration of the sesquicentenary (150th anniversary) of European settlement in South Australia in 1986._NEWLINE_A subsequent analysis of materials recovered from the wreck site positively identified the site as being the remains of Water Witch. _START_SECTION_ The present day _START_PARAGRAPH_ The majority of the wreckage remains on the river bed covered with sand bags and the vessel’s ballast. The site was declared a historic shipwreck under the Historic Shipwrecks Act 1981 (SA) during April 1983. The wreck site is officially located at 34°24′0″S 139°37′12″E. Water Witch is also remembered in the naming of two features in the coastal waters of South Australia - the Water Witch Channel located in Smoky Bay west of the town of Smoky Bay and Water Witch Bay located near Port Pirie.

6893959411765979167

Q7974448

_START_ARTICLE_ Water skiing at the 2010 Asian Beach Games _START_SECTION_ Quarterfinals _START_PARAGRAPH_ 14 December _START_SECTION_ Semifinals _START_PARAGRAPH_ 15 December _START_SECTION_ Final _START_PARAGRAPH_ 15 December _START_SECTION_ Quarterfinals _START_PARAGRAPH_ 14 December _START_SECTION_ Semifinals _START_PARAGRAPH_ 15 December _START_SECTION_ Final _START_PARAGRAPH_ 15 December

1239082443307257853

Q28219838

_START_ARTICLE_ Wathaurong Aboriginal Co-operative _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Wathaurong Aboriginal Co-operative is a community organisation based in Geelong, Australia that supports the social, economic, and cultural development of Aboriginal people within the Geelong and surrounding areas. It was formed in 1978 and registered in 1980. It is located at 62 Morgan Street, North Geelong. _START_SECTION_ Purpose _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Wathaurong Aboriginal Co-operative provides health, community and family services to Aboriginal people in the Geelong area. It is the largest employer of Aboriginal people in the Geelong region. A protest in 2014, claiming the organisation had "...become distanced from its community...", revolved around staff cuts, services and gatherings for the community and concerns the organisation was focused on business than the community. _START_SECTION_ Staff _START_PARAGRAPH_ The chief executive officer was for many years Trevor Edwards, who was succeeded by Tracey Currie, and then Rod Jackson. In 2014, the organisation had 300 members and employed 55 staff, with a turnover of over $5m a year. The organisation operates a number of business ventures including Wathaurung Glass & Arts, and has title to land at Mount Rothwell that contains the Wurdi Youang Aboriginal stone arrangement.

17365462563510181093

Q7974674

_START_ARTICLE_ Watkin Herbert _START_PARAGRAPH_ Watkin or Walter Herbert (by 1517-1564 or later), of Crickhowel and Cilhelyg, Breconshire, was a Welsh politician._NEWLINE_He was the son of William Thomas Herbert of Crickhowel._NEWLINE_He was appointed High Sheriff of Breconshire for 1541-42 and 1547–48 and High Sheriff of Monmouthshire for 1551-52. He was elected a Member of Parliament (MP) for Breconshire in 1558._NEWLINE_He married Margaret, the daughter of Morgan Thomas Hir, and had at least one son.

11968684067546868897

Q16057974

_START_ARTICLE_ Wawa Zainal _START_SECTION_ Early life and career _START_PARAGRAPH_ Wawa is the eighth of eleven children, born to a hybrid Filipino-Malaysian family. Her father is a Bruneian mix with Bajau, while her mother is a Filipino Tausūg. Wawa attended school at St. Dominic._NEWLINE_Before entering the world of acting, Wawa first went into modelling industry at the age of 12. Following a short career as a model, Wawa began work as an actress for Metrowealth (MIG), and has starred in a variety of movies and dramas produced by the company. Wawa's first role as an actor was in the film Sumpahan Kum Kum directed by Ismail Bob Hisham.

14422401914383712918

Q17015843

_START_ARTICLE_ Waxie Moon (performer) _START_PARAGRAPH_ Waxie Moon is a gender-bending neo-burlesque persona of the performer Marc Kenison. Kenison studied modern dance at Juilliard School and acting at University of Washington. During his six years dancing for the Jose Limon Company, Kenison performed for the White House and toured other parts of the world, including the war-torn Sarajevo and El Salvador. After co-founding the Washington Ensemble Theater in Seattle, Kenison turned to burlesque and created Waxie Moon, whom he describes as "the gender-blending queer lady boylesque performance art solo stripping sensation"._NEWLINE_In 2009 Waxie Moon became the subject of Wes Hurley's documentary of the same name. The documentary Waxie Moon won several awards including Best Local Film at the Seattle Gay and Lesbian Film Festival, Jury Award at Queer Fruits Festival in Australia and Best Film at Love Unlimited Film Festival. The film is distributed by TLA Video. Waxie Moon is also the star and co-writer of Waxie Moon in Fallen Jewel, a cult comedy directed by Wes Hurley and was featured in A Wink and a Smile by Deirdre Timmons._NEWLINE_In 2009 Waxie Moon, Lou Henry Hoover and Inga Ingenue co-founded the dance troupe "Dance Belt" which has been voted the Sexiest Dance Troupe by The Stranger._NEWLINE_In 2014, artist Anna-Lisa Notter unveiled a large mural of Waxie Moon above Seattle's iconic Pike Place Market._NEWLINE_Waxie Moon is the star of Wes Hurley's acclaimed comedy series Capitol Hill which premiered in 2014 on Huffington Post and is distributed in Europe by OutTV.

8426228546360258103

Q7975797

_START_ARTICLE_ Way Productions _START_PARAGRAPH_ Way Productions is an overall name given for different groups of musicians affiliated with The Way International. Their lyrics are based on the beliefs and practices of The Way International. They perform every Sunday afternoon at The Way's headquarters in New Knoxville, Ohio, for the Way's Sunday teaching services. They also perform at special events put on at various times throughout the year.

2522446459512867678

Q18791559

_START_ARTICLE_ Way of the Morris _START_PARAGRAPH_ Way of the Morris is a 2011 64-minute documentary about Morris dancing by Tim Plester and Rob Curry._NEWLINE_The film received preview screenings at the Purcell Room in London's Southbank Centre as part of an Arts Council funded festival, "5,000 Morris Dancers." It premiered at the 2011 SXSW Festival in Austin, Texas._NEWLINE_The film was self-released by Fifth Column Films in UK Cinemas in September 2011. Reviews were positive, with a Rotten Tomatoes rating of 100% based on 6 reviews, with an average rating of 6.6/10. It was later broadcast on Sky in the UK and New Zealand.

9804145635073100277

Q877080

_START_ARTICLE_ Wayne Lai _START_SECTION_ Biography _START_PARAGRAPH_ Lai entered TVB in 1983 as a clerk in the business department. In 1985, he gave up the job and trained in the TVB Acting School. He starred in many various programs for Educational Television programs, where he was mostly cast as an uncle or eldest cousin in Mathematics, Social Sciences, Health Sciences and Chinese (Cantonese). He also starred in a few series in 1989. He started out in some minor roles, and took on some more significant roles later on. He left TVB and entered the movie industry. Although those films are low-cost, these years provided a variety of roles and experiences to him. He also acted in two ATV series._NEWLINE_He has achieved much praise for his roles, especially in the TVB drama Rosy Business creating a big trend in Hong Kong in 2009._NEWLINE_With much praise from the public, he won Best Supporting Actor and Best Actor in 2008 and 2009 TVB Anniversary Awards respectively. Meanwhile, he won My Favourite Male Character and TVB.com Popular Artist in awarding ceremony and has become the first Best Actor winning 3 awards at the same time. In 2010, he retained the Best Actor award in TVB Anniversary Awards for his role in No Regrets and became the second actor to win consecutive Best Actor award after Gallen Lo in 1997–98. He has since matched Gallen Lo's record of winning 3 Best Actor awards after his win in 2012 for his role in The Confidant._NEWLINE_Lai played different kinds of roles and is liked by a lot of Hong Kong viewers. He is best known for his role in Journey to the West and its sequel, The Gentle Crackdown (co-star with Halina Tam), Off Pedder and Some Day (co-star with Teresa Mo), Rosy Business and No Regrets (co-star with Sheren Tang). Owing to his brilliant performances, he is regarded as a talented TV actor with high popularity._NEWLINE_He is married and has a son.

113946813775925185

Q7976735

_START_ARTICLE_ Wayne Tribue _START_SECTION_ Denver Broncos _START_PARAGRAPH_ Tribue signed with the Denver Broncos as an undrafted free agent following the 2012 NFL Draft. _START_SECTION_ New Orleans Saints _START_PARAGRAPH_ Tribue was signed by the Saints on December 17, 2012. _START_SECTION_ San Francisco 49ers _START_PARAGRAPH_ Tribue signed with the San Francisco 49ers on January 23, 2013. He was released by the 49ers on August 31, 2013. _START_SECTION_ Portland Thunder _START_PARAGRAPH_ On December 20, 2013, Tribue was selected by the Portland Thunder during the 2014 AFL Expansion Draft. _START_SECTION_ Philadelphia Soul _START_PARAGRAPH_ On February 20, 2014, Tribue was traded to the Philadelphia Soul for future considerations. _START_SECTION_ Dallas Cowboys _START_PARAGRAPH_ After finished the season with the Soul, Tribue signed with the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League. The Cowboys waived Tribue on August 26, 2014. _START_SECTION_ Jacksonville Sharks _START_PARAGRAPH_ On November 24, 2014, Tribue was assigned to the Jacksonville Sharks. _START_SECTION_ Philadelphia Soul _START_PARAGRAPH_ On December 3, 2015, Tribue was assigned to the Soul once again. On August 26, 2016, the Soul beat the Arizona Rattlers in ArenaBowl XXIX by a score of 56–42. He earned AFL Offensive Lineman of the Year and First Team All-Arena honors in 2017. On August 26, 2017, the Soul beat the Tampa Bay Storm in ArenaBowl XXX by a score of 44–40. _START_SECTION_ Beijing Lions _START_PARAGRAPH_ Tribue was selected by the Beijing Lions of the China Arena Football League (CAFL) in the first round of the 2016 CAFL Draft. He earned All-Pro North Division All-Star honors in 2016. He is listed on the Lions' roster for the 2018 season.

3711151320289194723

Q1128180

_START_ARTICLE_ Weather balloon _START_PARAGRAPH_ A weather or sounding balloon is a balloon (specifically a type of high-altitude balloon) that carries instruments aloft to send back information on atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity and wind speed by means of a small, expendable measuring device called a radiosonde. To obtain wind data, they can be tracked by radar, radio direction finding, or navigation systems (such as the satellite-based Global Positioning System, GPS). Balloons meant to stay at a constant altitude for long periods of time are known as transosondes. Weather balloons that do not carry an instrument pack are used to determine upper-level winds and the height of cloud layers. For such balloons, a theodolite or total station is used to track the balloon's azimuth and elevation, which are then converted to estimated wind speed and direction and/or cloud height, as applicable. _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ One of the first persons to use weather balloons was Léon Teisserenc de Bort, the French meteorologist. Starting in 1896 he launched hundreds of weather balloons from his observatory in Trappes, France. These experiments led to his discovery of the tropopause and stratosphere. Transosondes, weather balloons with instrumentation meant to stay at a constant altitude for long periods of time to help diagnose radioactive debris from atomic fallout, were experimented with in 1958. _START_SECTION_ Materials and equipment _START_PARAGRAPH_ The balloon itself produces the lift, and is usually made of a highly flexible latex material, though Chloroprene may also be used. The unit that performs the actual measurements and radio transmissions hangs at the lower end of the string, and is called a radiosonde. Specialized radiosondes are used for measuring particular parameters, such as determining the ozone concentration. _NEWLINE_The balloon is usually filled with hydrogen due to lower cost, though helium can also be used. The ascent rate can be controlled by the amount of gas with which the balloon is filled. Weather balloons may reach altitudes of 40 km (25 mi) or more, limited by diminishing pressures causing the balloon to expand to such a degree (typically by a 100:1 factor) that it disintegrates. In this instance the instrument package is usually lost. Although a parachute may be used to help in allowing retrieval of the instrument. Above that altitude sounding rockets are used, and for even higher altitudes satellites are used. _START_SECTION_ Launch time, location, and uses _START_PARAGRAPH_ Weather balloons are launched around the world for observations used to diagnose current conditions as well as by human forecasters and computer models for weather forecasting. About 800 locations around the globe do routine releases, twice daily, usually at 0000 UTC and 1200 UTC. Some facilities will also do occasional supplementary "special" releases when meteorologists determine there is a need for additional data between the 12-hour routine launches in which time much can change in the atmosphere. Military and civilian government meteorological agencies such as the National Weather Service in the US typically launch balloons, and by international agreements almost all the data are shared with all nations._NEWLINE_Specialized uses also exist, such as for aviation interests, pollution monitoring, photography or videography and research. Examples include pilot balloons (Pibal). Field research programs often use mobile launchers from land vehicles as well as ships and aircraft (usually dropsondes in this case). In recent years weather balloons have also been used for scattering human ashes at high-altitude._NEWLINE_The weather balloon was also used to create the fictional entity 'Rover' during production of the 1960s TV series The Prisoner in Portmeirion, Gwynedd, North Wales, UK in September 1966. This was retained in further scenes shot at MGM Borehamwood UK during 1966-67.

14432311720139956699

Q18166852

_START_ARTICLE_ Weetangera Primary School _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ Weetangera Primary School is named for the suburb it is situated in. The history of the school can be traced back to 1875 when the first school was built in the region about one kilometre from the site of the present school and called Weetangera School. The first school was a stringy-bark hut measuring just three by four metres, with a fireplace but no windows. One of the early school's longest-serving teachers was Ellen Clark, who taught at the school for 26 years. The first Weetangera School closed in 1937, when enrolments dropped to just eight students._NEWLINE_The present-day school opened in February 1973, with an initial enrolment of 384 students._NEWLINE_The enrolment at Weetangera Primary School in 1974, its second year in operation, was 563, despite accommodation providing for only 450 pupils._NEWLINE_Between 1986 and 1988, Weetangera Primary School incorporated a Montessori primary classroom. At the end of 1988, Page Primary School was shut down and pupils moved to Weetangera Primary School._NEWLINE_Until the ACT Schools Authority banned the practice from 1988, corporal punishment was sometimes used at the school._NEWLINE_In July 1990, then ACT Government Minister for Education Gary Humphries announced the Government would close Weetangera Primary School and six other schools. Parents and students protested the decision, and Hugh Hudson was appointed to audit and analyse the savings and impacts of the proposed closures. The Hudson report cast doubt over the closure of Weetangera Primary and two other schools, which were reprieved in the final government decision._NEWLINE_In 1999, the school dedicated its Landcare garden to Barbara Fox, naming it the Barbara Fox Garden. Fox was the school's canteen manager and coordinator of the before and after-school care program. The Landcare garden, featuring more than 300 native plants near the school's entrance, had been developed over several years through a long-term regeneration program._NEWLINE_In 2006, Weetangera Primary School was awarded with a Silver Accreditation Certificate as part of an ACT Government program to encourage schools to reduce less healthy options and increase healthier options. In 2012, SmartStart for Kids named the school its most successful cohort ever, after recording dramatic improvements in strength, flexibility and nutrition training across a group of students in kinder, year 1 and year 2.

13687491618301646397

Q7979763

_START_ARTICLE_ Wei Mo _START_PARAGRAPH_ Wei Mo (魏謩 or 魏謨) (793–858), courtesy name Shenzhi (申之), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xuānzong. _START_SECTION_ Background _START_PARAGRAPH_ Wei Mo was born in 793, during the reign of Emperor Dezong. He was a fifth-generation descendant of the famed early Tang chancellor Wei Zheng, who had served a distinguished career under Emperor Taizong. Wei Mo's great-grandfather Wei Yin (魏殷), grandfather Wei Ming (魏明), and father — whose name was variously given as Wei Feng (魏馮) or Wei Ping (魏憑) all served as county magistrates. _START_SECTION_ During Emperor Wenzong's reign _START_PARAGRAPH_ Wei Mo passed the imperial examinations in the Jinshi class in 833, during the reign of Emperor Dezong's great-great-grandson Emperor Wenzong. When the official Yang Rushi (楊汝士) served as the prefect of Tong Prefecture (同州, in modern Weinan, Shaanxi), he invited Wei to serve as his secretary in his capacity as Tong Prefecture's defender. Later, when Yang was recalled to the capital Chang'an, he recommended Wei to serve as You Shiyi (右拾遺), a low-level advisory official at the legislative bureau of government (中書省, Zhongshu Sheng). Knowing that Wei was a descendant of Wei Zheng's, Emperor Wenzong treated him specially. He was also much favored by the chancellors Li Guyan, Li Jue, and Yang Sifu._NEWLINE_After the Ganlu Incident — an incident in 835 in which Emperor Wenzong and his close associates Li Xun and Zheng Zhu unsuccessfully tried to slaughter the powerful eunuchs — Li Xun's associate Li Xiaoben (李孝本), a member of the Tang imperial Li clan, was executed. Li Xiaoben's family members were seized to be servants in the army, but under Emperor Wenzong's orders, Li Xiaoben's two daughters were taken into the palace, leading to belief that Emperor Wenzong wanted to take them as concubines. Wei Mo submitted a petition in which he pointed out that even the suspicion that Emperor Wenzong would consider it — which would be a violation against Confucian regulations against endogamy — would appear inappropriate. Upon receiving Wei's petition, Emperor Wenzong immediately sent Li Xiaoben's daughters out of the palace, promoted Wei to the higher office of You Bujue (右補闕), and issued an edict in which he greatly praised Wei and compared him to his ancestor Wei Zheng._NEWLINE_In 838, Wei was promoted to be an imperial chronicler with the title Qiju Sheren (起居舍人). When Wei met with Emperor Wenzong to thank him, Emperor Wenzong asked him to submit Wei Zheng's old writing tablet. The chancellor Zheng Tan made the comment, "It was the man, not his tablet." Emperor Wenzong, however, responded, "I am requesting the tablet in the spirit of the poem Gantang [(甘棠)]." (The Gantang was a poem in which the people of Zhou Dynasty memorialized the great early Zhou statesman Ji Shi the Duke of Shao.)_NEWLINE_In 839, Wei was given the additional title of Jianyi Daifu (諫議大夫), and continued to serve as Qiju Sheren. On one occasion, Emperor Wenzong requested that Wei submit the records that he had written of Emperor Wenzong's acts, claiming that by reviewing them, he would be able to review his own actions. Wei pointed out that historians were supposed to record with honesty, and that if they had to be concerned about whether emperors would be pleased or not about the historians' views of their actions, the historians could not record with honesty. Emperor Wenzong relented and did not insist on viewing the records. _START_SECTION_ During Emperor Wuzong's reign _START_PARAGRAPH_ Emperor Wenzong died in 840 and was succeeded by his brother Emperor Wuzong. Almost immediately after, Li Jue and Yang Sifu were removed from their chancellor positions and sent out of Chang'an, and their political rival Li Deyu became the leading chancellor. As Wei Mo had been favored by Li Jue and Yang, he was sent out of the capital as well to serve as the prefect of Fen Prefecture (汾州, in modern Linfen, Shanxi). Subsequently, after Li Jue and Yang were further demoted and exiled, Wei was further demoted to be the secretary general of Xin Prefecture (信州, in modern Shangrao, Jiangxi). _START_SECTION_ During Emperor Xuānzong's reign _START_PARAGRAPH_ After Emperor Wuzong died in 846 and was succeeded by his uncle Emperor Xuānzong, Li Deyu, in turn, lost power, and Bai Minzhong became the lead chancellor. Thereafter, Wei Mo was promoted to be the prefect of Ying Prefecture (郢州, in modern Wuhan, Hubei), and then moved even closer to the capital to be the prefect of Shang Prefecture (商州, in modern Shangluo, Shaanxi). In 848, he was recalled to Chang'an to serve as imperial attendant (給事中, Jishizhong), and then to be deputy chief imperial censor (御史中丞, Yushi Zhongcheng). While serving as deputy chief imperial censor, he submitted an accusation of corruption against Emperor Xuānzong's brother-in-law Du Zhongli (杜中立), which shocked the nobles and caused them to fear him. Later, he was made the deputy minister of census (戶部侍郎, Hubu Shilang) as well, and in that capacity was to serve as the director of taxation. He submitted a petition in which he pointed out that it would be inappropriate for him to oversee matters of money and continue to serve as censor, and by his request, he was relieved of his censor duties._NEWLINE_In 851, Emperor Xuānzong made Wei a chancellor de facto with the designation Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (同中書門下平章事), and continued to have him oversee taxation. At that time, Emperor Xuānzong was already relatively old (age 41), but had not designated a crown prince. Given his sensitivity about the matter, however, the officials largely did not dare to speak to him about the subject. When Wei met with Emperor Xuānzong to thank him for the commission, he took the chance to point out that that was the main worry that he had about Emperor Xuānzong's governance. While Emperor Xuānzong did not thereafter create a crown prince, the people at the time were nevertheless impressed with Wei._NEWLINE_In 852, Li Ye (李業) the military governor of Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi) caused disturbances on the border by allowing the Han people to pillage the non-Han and also by killing those non-Han who had surrendered. However, Li Ye was not punished because he had backing of powerful people at court. Only Wei dared to submit an accusation against Li Ye, asking that he be relieved of his duties entirely; Emperor Xuānzong did not do so, but replaced Li Ye with Lu Jun (盧均) and transferred Li Ye to Yicheng Circuit (義成, headquartered in modern Anyang, Henan)._NEWLINE_While serving as chancellor, Wei was also in charge of editing the history of Emperor Wenzong's reign, and after he submitted a 40-volume history of Emperor Wenzong's reign, he and the key editors under him were rewarded. It was said that while the chancellors spoke with Emperor Xuānzong on policy issues, they all spoke in roundabout manners in order not to displease the emperor, but Wei dared to speak his mind with no regard for the such. It was said that Emperor Xuānzong often commented, "Wei Mo acts in the same way his ancestor [(i.e., Wei Zheng)] did, and I respect him greatly." However, it was also said that because of this, Wei was resented by the lead chancellor Linghu Tao. In 857, Wei was therefore sent out of Chang'an to serve as the military governor of Xichuan Circuit (西川, headquartered in modern Chengdu, Sichuan, continuing to carry the Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi title as an honorary title. In 858, when Wei grew ill, he requested to be replaced. Emperor Xuānzong was set to recall him to Chang'an to serve as the minister of defense (兵部尚書, Bingbu Shangshu), but Wei, citing his illness, requested an office with little responsibilities, and therefore was made acting You Pushe (右僕射) and advisor to the Crown Prince. He died in winter 858 and was given posthumous honors.

3264676020660229255

Q7980858

_START_ARTICLE_ Weld Land District _START_SECTION_ Location _START_PARAGRAPH_ Its main centre of population is the town of Laverton, and it also includes the former towns of Mount Morgans, Mount Margaret, Burtville and Yundamindera to the west and the Mount Weld mine site to the south. It spans roughly 28°10'S - 29°00'S in latitude and 122°00'E - 123°30'E in longitude.

11923487087047980110

Q48741720

_START_ARTICLE_ Welfare state in Cyprus _START_PARAGRAPH_ In 2014, the Cyprus Guaranteed Minimum Income and Social Benefits Law was passed to replace the previous Public Assistance and Service Law. It covers all EU citizens and also long-term residents with legal status, and its main intention is to shelter those with higher risk of poverty and to guarantee the recipients with basic standard of living._NEWLINE_All EU citizens and Cypriots are applicable to the program if they have lived in Cyprus for more than five years before the application and will continue to reside there. Similar with conservative welfare states, Cyprus’s Minimum Income (MI) Law adopted the principle of subsidiarity, which means that family unit must serve as the first defending line for individuals. For Cyprus’s MI Law, eligibility for help is based on the total needs of a family unit. A family is qualified for benefits as long as its total income cannot satisfy its total need. Additionally, property ownership is also calculated based on family unit. The assumption is that members inside a family must collaborate and help each other. Only when they together as a social unit cannot afford to live well would the state came to help as the last-resort safety net. Moreover, the basic income value for a person that has zero income reported is set €480 per month, which is more than half of the respective poverty threshold. The value is set in an ad hoc basis to adapt to varying levels of national income and inflation._NEWLINE_Benefits of Cyprus’s MI Law are given based on means testing. Potential recipients need to apply and demonstrate that they have certifiable needs, and that they’re really out of means except government support. To truly distribute benefits to those that need them the most, the Cyprus’s MI Law sets an age limit (above 28 years old) to eliminate young people who’re not earning much but are enjoying high standard of living with their parents from the list beneficiaries. It also has an activation strategy aimed to encourage the unemployed to actively seek jobs. Recipients would be required to accept available jobs in their relative fields, and those who’re unemployed voluntarily would be excluded from the program. _START_SECTION_ Pension system _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Cyprus social security pension system consists of six parts: the General Social Insurance Scheme; the Social Pension Scheme; the Special Allowance to pensioners; the Government Employees Pension Scheme; other Public Sector Employees Pension Schemes; the Voluntary Provident Funds and other similar collective arrangements. Each scheme calculates benefits in different formulations. The General Social Insurance Scheme covers everyone who's gainfully employed in Cyprus with contributory interests. The Government Employees Pension Scheme covers pensions for those who're inside the army and work for the government and is also earning-related. It is notable that while Cyprus pension system do target various social groups, including the self-employed, its employees in private sector still are largely unsheltered. Cyprus pension system also pays specific attention to the elderly, especially those who experienced the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974, many of whom have lost their means of life._NEWLINE_Legal residents in Cyprus are entitled for pension programs as long as they have lived 20 years in Cyprus after the age of 40 and 35 years after the age of 18. Besides, the Agreement on Social Security signed between Canada and Cyprus in 1991 permits that those who have worked in Canada and have contributed to the Canada Pension Plan for a certain period of time might be qualified to enjoy the benefits of Cyprus pension system after verification. Even though the Cyprus pension programs have covered its population comparatively comprehensive, the replacement rate is still pretty low.

17069512040128970076

Q23583662

_START_ARTICLE_ Well Living Lab _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Well Living Lab was first announced on September 9, 2014, at Mayo Clinic's Transform 2014 conference. The official launch of the Well Living Lab occurred on September 30, 2015, at Mayo Clinic's Transform 2015 conference. _START_SECTION_ Lab Facility and Capabilities _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Well Living Lab comprises 7,500 square feet of research space that is designed to accurately simulate real-world environments while also being embedded with a wide array of environmental and biometric sensors. The lab's facility is also highly modular, allowing for rapid reconfiguration between studies. This allows researchers to specify exactly the environment they wish to study. The lab's control center is designed to allow researchers to view and analyze data in real time during a study and to conduct real time analytics. _START_SECTION_ Research Agenda _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Well Living Lab's research agenda is focused on studying the effect that buildings, and the things in them, have on human health. This will include environmental factors such as lighting, temperature, air quality, furniture, design, and more. Health outcomes that the lab will study include sleep quality, productivity, stress levels, cardiovascular health, and more. Mayo Clinic researchers from many disciplines will serve as the principle investigators in these studies. Researchers intend to combine environmental sensors, wearable and other biometric sensors, as well as observation.

17747378016930654808

Q17020145

_START_ARTICLE_ Wellingtonia Avenue _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ The road was built in 1863 through woodland known as Finchampstead Ridges to the east of Finchampstead. The woodland is now managed by the National Trust. The road leads from the ridges in the west toward Wellington College in Crowthorne to the east. The road's construction was initiated by John Walter from Bearwood House, some 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) to the north-west._NEWLINE_The trees were planted in the early 1860s (most sources report around 1863 and 1865, though other sources state the planting began as early as 1859 or 1861 or as late as 1869) as a memorial to the Duke of Wellington, who had lived in the nearby Stratfield Saye estate. The two rows of trees forming the avenue are spaced 23 metres (75 ft) apart, with trees in each row separated by 16 metres (52 ft). The total length of the avenue is approximately 1.1 kilometres (0.68 mi; 3,600 ft)._NEWLINE_In the third volume of Trees of Great Britain and Ireland, Henry John Elwes describes the avenue as "by far the best avenue of this tree that [he had] seen". Similarly, Sir Herbert Maxwell described the trees as being "clothed with verdure from the ground to the summit"; and their effect being "very stately and impressive"._NEWLINE_Elwes commented on how the sandy soil suited the trees "remarkably well", and on the symmetry of the trees' tops and their uniformity. At the time of his study—in the early 1900s—he noted that the average height of the forty-year-old trees was 23 to 24.5 metres (75 to 80 ft), and that the tallest specimen he measured was 26.5 metres (87 ft) tall.

5893041074791354131

Q960182

_START_ARTICLE_ Wellsville, Missouri _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ Wellsville was platted in 1856, and named after Community R-VI which are the original owner of the land. A post office called Wellsville has been in operation since 1857. _START_SECTION_ Geography _START_PARAGRAPH_ Wellsville is located at 39°4′26″N 91°34′5″W (39.073782, -91.568006)._NEWLINE_According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.54 square miles (3.99 km²), all land. _START_SECTION_ 2010 census _START_PARAGRAPH_ As of the census of 2010, there were 1,217 people, 446 households, and 289 families residing in the city. The population density was 790.3 inhabitants per square mile (305.1/km²). There were 564 housing units at an average density of 366.2 per square mile (141.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 95.6% White, 2.8% African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.2% from other races, and 0.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.7% of the population._NEWLINE_There were 446 households of which 34.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.1% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.2% were non-families. 31.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.15._NEWLINE_The median age in the city was 41 years. 25.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.2% were from 25 to 44; 24.6% were from 45 to 64; and 21.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.5% male and 50.5% female. _START_SECTION_ 2000 census _START_PARAGRAPH_ As of the census of 2000, there were 1,423 people, 533 households, and 346 families residing in the city. The population density was 999.8 people per square mile (386.9/km²). There were 604 housing units at an average density of 424.4 per square mile (164.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 93.18% White, 4.43% African American, 0.21% Native American, 0.07% Asian, 0.35% from other races, and 1.76% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.05% of the population._NEWLINE_There were 533 households out of which 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.9% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.9% were non-families. 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.08._NEWLINE_In the city, the population was spread out with 26.7% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 18.3% from 45 to 64, and 21.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.3 males._NEWLINE_The median income for a household in the city was $27,260, and the median income for a family was $32,917. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,817. About 14.8% of families and 20.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.7% of those under age 18 and 14.2% of those age 65 or over. _START_SECTION_ Education _START_PARAGRAPH_ Public education in Wellsville is administered by Wellsville-Middletown R-I School District._NEWLINE_Wellsville has a lending library, the Wellsville Public Library.

643630873505686647

Q7981918

_START_ARTICLE_ Welsh Historic Gardens Trust _START_SECTION_ Branches _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Welsh Historic Gardens Trust currently has 10 branches._NEWLINE_Members in Wales belong automatically to their own bounty branch and those across the borders to their nearest branch in Wales but all, wherever they live, are welcome at all Trust events. _START_SECTION_ The county branches _START_PARAGRAPH_ 1. Brecon and Radnor_NEWLINE_2. Carmarthen_NEWLINE_3. Ceredigion_NEWLINE_The Ceredigion Branch organises one public lecture per year, which is given at the Annual general Meeting in early spring. There are also at least three field excursions to local gardens during the summer months. These may be private gardens not open to the public or private visits to better-known gardens. In every case the visit has a scholarly character, with a talk on the garden history and condition from the owner, where possible, and additional archival research by members of the Branch. Our members include experts in many relevant fields including geology, botany and landscape so we usually all learn a great deal from each other._NEWLINE_4. Clwyd_NEWLINE_The Clwyd branch covers NE Wales, including Flintshire, Denbighshire, Wrexham Maelor and Conwy. The branch covers planning issues as far west as the River Conwy. Clwyd branch runs a varied programme which begins in the spring and includes garden visits, talks and a study day. New members are welcome to meet us at any event. _NEWLINE_5. Gwynedd_NEWLINE_The Gwynedd branch covers North-West Wales west of the River Conwy._NEWLINE_6. Monmouthshire and Gwent_NEWLINE_Monmouthshire and Gwent is a recently formed branch of WHGT._NEWLINE_7. Montgomeryshire_NEWLINE_8. South and Mid Glamorgan_NEWLINE_9. West Glamorgan_NEWLINE_10.Pembrokeshire _START_SECTION_ Publications _START_PARAGRAPH_ WHGT publishes a regular newsletter as the "WHGT Bulletin". Branch committees also publish newsletters, books and other publications. _START_SECTION_ Gardens at risk _START_PARAGRAPH_ Some 372 Parks and Gardens in Wales have been placed on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register. These are nationally designated sites varying in size and character, including public and private parks and gardens valued for their beauty, diversity, and historic interest. In comparison to the number of listed buildings this represents a small number of properties of heritage significance. It is therefore a concern that a number are considered ‘at risk’._NEWLINE_Parks and gardens can become ‘at risk’ for a variety of reasons. Some have suffered from continued periods of neglect, others are threatened with inappropriate development, diseases such as Phytophthora ramorum causing ‘Sudden Oak Death, or invasive species such as Rhododendron ponticum may threaten certain properties and a few gardens are probably lost through ignorance. Ignorance particularly applies to the ‘Essential Settings’ which are often tracts of landscape all too often taken for granted. There is also a wide lack of appreciation of designed views - often developed with considerable effort and not insignificant cost which also are important aspects of our heritage, sometimes the subject of prose or poetry._NEWLINE_The registered area afforded guardianship is frequently not large enough and as the protection of heritage landscapes is not statutory it is likely that further Welsh landscapes will be lost or are ‘at risk’._NEWLINE_English Heritage has now published its Parks and Gardens at Risk Register 2009, these are the registered parks and gardens most at risk due to neglect, decay and the pressures from development. This involves 96 parks and gardens ranging from public parks and cemetery gardens to the gardens of stately homes, totalling some 6% of parks and gardens on the English register. This now means that there is a greater awareness of those gardens which might soon be lost and greater efforts can be focussed on trying to save them. _NEWLINE_The Trust hopes to compile a similar list for Welsh gardens and parks ‘at risk’.

6491219584394309953

Q3567227

_START_ARTICLE_ Wendela Hebbe _START_SECTION_ Early life _START_PARAGRAPH_ Wendela Hebbe was the eldest of three daughters of the parish vicar Anders Samuel Åstrand and Maria Lund. Her father was literary and culturally interested and raised his daughters in the same fashion, and as a child, she was encouraged to read and explore music, art and literature. She was described as talented within music and literature and nicknamed "Fröken Frågvis" ("Miss Inquisitive"). Esaias Tegnér was an acquaintance of her father and a common guest in their home. Reportedly, he courted her unsuccessfully from an early age and also after her marriage, and dedicated many of his poems to her. She refused him and offered him friendship, a line she upheld._NEWLINE_In 1832, she married the lawyer and writer Clemens Hebbe (1804-1893), with whom she had three daughters. In 1839, her spouse went bankrupt and fled the country: first to England, he eventually emigrated to the United States, and Wendela Hebbe was left to support herself and her daughters alone. She settled in Jönköping, and started to work in the only profession regarded socially acceptable for an educated woman at the time: she became a teacher and gave lessons in music, singing and drawing, which was only barely enough to support herself. _START_SECTION_ Career as a journalist _START_PARAGRAPH_ In 1841, her first novel, Arabella, was published by Lars Johan Hierta, the chief editor of the radical newspaper Aftonbladet, and the same year, she was employed at Aftonbladet (she was given a permanent position in 1844)._NEWLINE_Wendela Hebbe is generally referred to as the first female journalist in Sweden. Women wrote articles and edited papers in the Swedish press at least since Margareta Momma in 1738, most of whom unidentified as they wrote under anonymous pseudonyms, but Wendela Hebbe was likely the first woman reporter to be given a permanent position at a Swedish newspaper and was in that sense a pioneer of her profession: it was not until the 19th-century that the Swedish press employed permanent staff, and Wendela Hebbe is the first woman found in the staff register of any Swedish paper. She is listed in the staff register of Aftonbladet in between 1844 and 1851, followed by Marie Sophie Schwartz at Svenska Tidningen Dagligt Allehanda in 1851-1859._NEWLINE_Hebbe was made translator and editor of the culture section responsible for the coverage of culture, music and literature. She reviewed literature and novels, concerts, opera performances and theater plays, and managed the serials section. She is known to have used her section to promote debuting authors by publishing their novels as serials._NEWLINE_Outside of her cultural activity, she was also active as a social reporter, and was in fact likely to have been the first reporter in Sweden to introduce social reportage in Sweden. Wendela Hebbe shared the liberal and humanitarian views of Aftonbladet at the time. Because of her sex she was considered suitable for "soft questions" such as the social misery among the poor, and she gained considerable attention with her first social reportage Biskopens besök (Visit from the Bishop) in 1843, a piece which contributed to the social debate that had begun around class-differences in Sweden around this time. By her reportage of social injustice, she managed on several occasions to draw the attention to areas in need of reform and assist people in need of help. _START_SECTION_ Literary career _START_PARAGRAPH_ Wendela Hebbe retired as a journalist in 1851 to focus on a career as a novelist. Her debut novel Arabella was a conventional love novel, but her later novels are written in a more realistic style. Her novels focus on the intrigue as such rather than at the characters, and are strongly associated with her own time. She included social critic as a message in her novels, and were reportedly inspired by Dickens and British 18th-century literature. Her novel Brudarne has been described as her most notable and referred to as the first "novel for girls" in Sweden. As a novelist she has been regarded as talented but not original, and never had more than moderate success._NEWLINE_She was more successful as a writer of songs and poems for children and teenagers. Her children's poems were influenced by her own idyllic childhood in Småland and depicted children's games, children's rhymes and traditional folklore. Especially her fairy tales about animals was much admired by Bj Björnson and S H Grundtvig. Among her songs, the compositions Högt deruppe mellan fjällen (High up between the mountaintops) and Linnean (Linnea) became very popular._NEWLINE_Outside of her personal production, she made a valuable historical contribution by writing down old traditional folk lore stories and songs. _START_SECTION_ Private life _START_PARAGRAPH_ Hebbe had a long term relationship with Lars Johan Hierta. This was common knowledge and lead to caricatures in the press and rumors that she had been given her position as a result of nepotism. Hebbe and Hierta could not marry each other, as they were both married: her own marriage to her exiled spouse was not dissolved until 1864. Wendela Hebbe and Lars Johan Hierta had a son together, Edvard, in 1852. Even a woman as independent as Hebbe did not wish to acknowledge that she had an extramarital child. Edvard was born in secrecy during a trip to France: Hebbe never acknowledged him, but he was periodically a foster son of Hierta under an assumed name, and also visited Hebbe from time to time, until he was given a permanent home in Germany. Her son later became the father of the artist Mollie Faustman._NEWLINE_Wendela Hebbe was a central figure in the radical elite in Stockholm particularly during the 1840s and 1850s, and hosted a literary and musical salon which became a center for the liberal literary and artistic world, who gathered to recite, play music and discuss. To her circle of belonged Johan Jolin, Gunnar Olof Hyltén-Cavallius and also Magnus Jacob Crusenstolpe, whom she supported in his struggle for freedom of speech. A particular friendship was that of Carl Jonas Love Almquist, whose work as a writer she admired, as they shared an interest in social criticism. She also reportedly played an important part as an adviser and secretary in the creation of the compositions of Almquist, notably his Songes, according to her daughter Signe Hebbe, who remembered her mother and Almquist sitting by the piano during his compositions: "In the early 40s, when many of A[lmquist]:s songs were completed, Almqvist demonstrated by a finger on the musical keyboard what tone he desired. It was also H who with her beautiful warm voice presented the new creations to the circle of friends". Almqvist celebrated her with the piano composition »Vendelas mörka lockar» (the dark curls of Vendela). According to Signe Hebbe, her mother and Almqvist never had a romantic relationship, but remaining correspondence and behavior of Almqvist suggest that they were very likely more than friends Wendela Hebbe demonstrated her loyal support for Carl Jonas Love Almquist during the scandal of 1851._NEWLINE_Her salon was an important part of Stockholm literary life and was regarded as a vital destination for a writer visiting Stockholm: Johan Ludvig Runeberg did so during his short visit in 1851. Her home continued to be a meeting place for decades, even after an illness left her unable to walk in 1878, and she was later to be acquainted with Ellen Key and Herman Sätherberg, whose poems she composed music to. She also accompanied her daughter, the famous opera singer Signe Hebbe, on her European tours._NEWLINE_Wendela Hebbe was never to be famed as writer, but she played a great part as a salon hostess, and though she was herself never involved in the work for women's emancipation, she was an early role model for the emancipated woman through her independent and controversial lifestyle. Gösta Lundström said of her: "As a writer alone, Hebbe can not be given a prominent place in our history. But as a gathering and inspiring force in the cultural life of 19th-century Sweden she is well worth remembering. Also as one of the earliest representatives of women's emancipation in our nation, she defends her place as one of the most noted Swedish women of her century. Though she in many aspects illustrated the "soulful" women's ideal of the romantic era, she balanced this with her intelligence and clearheaded realism." The writer and journalist Jane Gernandt- Claine described her: "Around her entire ethereal being there was an indescribable air of spiritual refinement, this nobility of the soul, which belongs to the most admirable things in life. You never truly got close to her and never really wanted to, you were only too happy to be at a distance from so much soulful nobility within this fragile and refined shell._NEWLINE_Wendela Hebbe was much courted by contemporary male artists but is described as without vanity. She commented about herself and her life that she was born "with much longing and much frustration". _START_SECTION_ Legacy _START_PARAGRAPH_ In 1983 the association Friends of Wendela Hebbe (Swedish: Wendelas Vänner) was founded to preserve the memory of Wendela Hebbe. The association preserves her summer house in Södertälje, which was given to her by Hierta in 1863, and made it a museum._NEWLINE_The gymnasium Wendela Hebbegymnasiet in Södertälje is named after her.

5423589852537958612

Q2559018

_START_ARTICLE_ Wendell Fleming _START_SECTION_ Awards and honors _START_PARAGRAPH_ In 1987 he received with Federer the Leroy P. Steele Prize of the American Mathematical Society. In 1994 he won the Reid Prize from the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. He was given an honorary doctorate at Purdue University in 1991. In 2006 he received the Isaacs Award. In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society. In May 2012 his election to membership in the United States National Academy of Sciences was announced.

10639554179872589778

Q824214

_START_ARTICLE_ Wernicke's area _START_SECTION_ Structure _START_PARAGRAPH_ Wernicke's area is classically located in the posterior section of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) in the (most commonly) left cerebral hemisphere. This area encircles the auditory cortex on the lateral sulcus (the part of the brain where the temporal lobe and parietal lobe meet). This area is neuroanatomically described as the posterior part of Brodmann area 22._NEWLINE_However, there is an absence of consistent definitions as to the location. Some identify it with the unimodal auditory association in the superior temporal gyrus anterior to the primary auditory cortex (the anterior part of BA 22). This is the site most consistently implicated in auditory word recognition by functional brain imaging experiments. Others include also adjacent parts of the heteromodal cortex in BA 39 and BA40 in the parietal lobe._NEWLINE_While previously thought to connect Wernicke's area and Broca's area, new research demonstrates that the arcuate fasciculus instead connects to posterior receptive areas with premotor/motor areas, and not to Broca's area. Consistent with the word recognition site identified in brain imaging, the uncinate fasciculus connects anterior superior temporal regions with Broca's area. _START_SECTION_ Right homologous area _START_PARAGRAPH_ Research using Transcranial magnetic stimulation suggests that the area corresponding to the Wernicke’s area in the non-dominant cerebral hemisphere has a role in processing and resolution of subordinate meanings of ambiguous words—such as ‘‘river’’ when given the ambiguous word "bank." In contrast, the Wernicke's area in the dominant hemisphere processes dominant word meanings (‘‘teller’’ given ‘‘bank’’). _START_SECTION_ Aphasia _START_PARAGRAPH_ Wernicke's area is named after Carl Wernicke, a German neurologist and psychiatrist who, in 1874, hypothesized a link between the left posterior section of the superior temporal gyrus and the reflexive mimicking of words and their syllables that associated the sensory and motor images of spoken words. He did this on the basis of the location of brain injuries that caused aphasia. Receptive aphasia in which such abilities are preserved is also known as Wernicke's aphasia. In this condition there is a major impairment of language comprehension, while speech retains a natural-sounding rhythm and a relatively normal syntax. Language as a result is largely meaningless (a condition sometimes called fluent or jargon aphasia)._NEWLINE_While neuroimaging and lesion evidence generally support the idea that malfunction of or damage to Wernicke's area is common in people with receptive aphasia, this is not always so. Some people may use the right hemisphere for language, and isolated damage of Wernicke's area cortex (sparing white matter and other areas) may not cause severe receptive aphasia. Even when patients with Wernicke's area lesions have comprehension deficits, these are usually not restricted to language processing alone. For example, one study found that patients with posterior lesions also had trouble understanding nonverbal sounds like animal and machine noises. In fact, for Wernicke's area, the impairments in nonverbal sounds were statistically stronger than for verbal sounds.

12250529740536660237

Q7985370

_START_ARTICLE_ West Highland Creek _START_SECTION_ Course _START_PARAGRAPH_ West Highland Creek begins in L'Amoreaux Park in Steeles neighbourhood, just west of Kennedy Road and north of McNicoll Avenue, at an elevation of 185 metres (607 ft). It flows southwest, under McNicoll Avenue into L'Amoreaux neighbourhood, exits the park and passes under Birchmount Road and Finch Avenue. Just south of Finch Avenue, West Highland Creek takes in a right tributary unnamed creek. The creek then turns south and takes in another right tributary unnamed creek. It then turns southeast into Tam O'Shanter-Sullivan neighbourhood, passes again under Birchmount Road and into Tam O'Shanter Golf Club. West Highland Creek flows under Kennedy Road into Agincourt South-Malvern West neighbourhood and under Sheppard Avenue. It heads south under a grade-separated junction of a Canadian National Railway track (used by the GO Transit Stouffville line) and a Canadian Pacific Railway mainline. The creek flows south under Highway 401, loops west then back east under the Canadian National line, and turns east at the Scarborough RT line west of Midland Avenue. It passes under Midland into Bendale neighbourhood, then turns south under Ellesmere Road into Birkdale Ravine Park._NEWLINE_West Highland Creek then flows under Brimley Road into Thomson Memorial Park, then under McCowan Road into Woburn neighbourhood and further under Lawrence Avenue. It takes in the right tributary Southwest Highland Creek at an elevation of 138 metres (453 ft), passes under Bellamy Road, and takes in an unnamed right tributary creek at an elevation of 136 metres (446 ft). The creek heads east through Cedarbrook Park, under Markham Road and into Scarboro Golf and Country Club. It then heads northeast into Highland Creek Park, takes in an unnamed left tributary creek arriving from Curran Hall Ravine, and passes back under Lawrence Avenue. Finally, West Highland Creek enters Morningside Park and reaches its mouth at Highland Creek at an elevation of 99 metres (325 ft). _START_SECTION_ Geology _START_PARAGRAPH_ The creek travels through a glacial ravine formed after the last Ice Age. _START_SECTION_ Natural history _START_PARAGRAPH_ West Highland Creek is home to several species of fish including trout, carp, and bass. _START_SECTION_ Recreation _START_PARAGRAPH_ Lands adjacent to the creek provide significant recreational space for the centre of Scarborough. These are anchored by L'Amoureaux Park, one of the largest in Scarborough at 145.3 acres (58.8 ha) and with major sports facilities, and Thomson Memorial Park. There are also two golf courses: the private Scarboro Golf & Country Club, 144 acres (58 ha) in area and opened in 1914, and the public Tam O'shanter. Cycling and walking trails line the entire course of the creek, with the exception of a central section around Highway 401 and on the private land of Scarboro Golf & Country Club.

2719580841250648676

Q7985491

_START_ARTICLE_ West Indian cricket team in England in 1980 _START_PARAGRAPH_ The West Indian cricket team toured England in 1980, spending virtually the whole of the 1980 English cricket season in England. West Indies also played two matches in Ireland and two in Scotland._NEWLINE_The highlights of the tour were a two-match One Day International series for the 1980 Prudential Trophy and a five-Test series for the Wisden Trophy, both against the English cricket team. West Indies were captained by Clive Lloyd, and England by Ian Botham. The ODI series was tied 1–1, and the Test series was ruined by rain. West Indies won the First Test, but the following four were all drawn due to weather interruptions, so West Indies won the series 1–0._NEWLINE_West Indies also played numerous matches against the first-class counties and other minor teams, winning many of them. West Indies were only beaten twice on the tour, by Essex in a 50-over warm-up match, and by England in the Second ODI, both at the end of May. Thereafter, they were unbeaten until the tour ended in August._NEWLINE_Touring party:_NEWLINE_Gordon Greenidge, Desmond Haynes, Faoud Bacchus, Viv Richards (vice captain), Clive Lloyd (captain), Derick Parry, Alvin Kallicharan, Lawrence Rowe, Collis King, Deryck Murray, David Murray, Andy Roberts, Michael Holding, Joel Garner, Malcolm Marshall, Colin Croft._NEWLINE_When Lawrence Rowe dropped out of the tour through injury, Larry Gomes was invited to replace him but declined as he hadn't played for two months. Timur Mohamed, who was at the time playing for Suffolk, joined the touring party instead. _START_SECTION_ Warm-up matches _START_PARAGRAPH_ The tour began with the traditional fixture against Lavinia, Duchess of Norfolk's XI at Arundel Castle on 8 May 1980. West Indies won the 45-over match by 121 runs._NEWLINE_West Indies spent most of the rest of May warming up for the matches against England. West Indies played 3-day matches against Worcestershire, Leicestershire and Northamptonshire, then two 50-over matches against Middlesex and two 50-over matches against Essex, and finally a 3-day match against Derbyshire. Except for the first one-day match against Middlesex on 20 May (which was rained off) and the first one-day match against Essex (won by Essex, the first loss by West Indies on the tour), all of these matches were won by West Indies. _START_SECTION_ One-day Internationals _START_PARAGRAPH_ The West Indies won the Prudential Trophy on scoring rate.

11493603332499150965

Q17603

_START_ARTICLE_ West Wyalong Airport _START_SECTION_ Airlines and destinations _START_PARAGRAPH_ Currently West Wyalong is not serviced by any scheduled flights, but throughout the airport's history it has been served by many regional airlines. East-West Airlines operated services to Sydney from 1953 until 1975, initially using converted ex-military Lockheed Hudson aircraft, later replaced by the Douglas DC-3 and Fokker F27 Friendship. These services were discontinued with the withdrawal of Government subsidy on 30 June 1975._NEWLINE_A number of smaller carriers would later service the West Wyalong - Sydney route, including Country Connection Airlines who provided 11 services per week between 1991 and 2001 using Piper Chieftain aircraft._NEWLINE_Regional Express Airlines provided twice weekly service to Sydney commencing in March 2005. The airline carried 1,928 passengers in the first six months, but it ceased operating the flights in September 2007.

15981084566242061338

Q7988626

_START_ARTICLE_ Westfield, North Carolina _START_PARAGRAPH_ Westfield in an unincorporated community in Surry and Stokes counties in North Carolina. The community itself is located almost entirely within Surry County, with a small portion extending east into Stokes County. The majority of Westfield's Zip Code Tabulation Area (Zip Code 27053) is located within Stokes County. _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ Westfield was originally named "Tom's Creek" but the name was later changed to Westfield in recognition of the Quaker ("Society of Friends") mission, first established here in 1760, by members of New Garden Friend's Meeting from Guilford County, North Carolina. (Powell 1968, p. 525). Early Friends from New Garden traveled through Quaker Gap in the Sauratown Mountains to establish the Meeting at Tom's Creek, and the area was referred to at the time as "the western field,' later becoming "Westfield." Westfield is the childhood hometown of Kenneth Lowe, president of Scripps Networks Interactive, and the creator of Home & Garden Television. _START_SECTION_ Demographics _START_PARAGRAPH_ Westfield's Zip Code Tabulation Area (Zip Code 27053) has a population of about 2,811 as of the 2000 census. The population is 50.1% male and 49.9% female. About 90.9% of the population is white, 7.0% African-American, 2.8% Hispanic, and 1.4% of other races. 0.5% of people are two or more races._NEWLINE_The median household income is $32,768 with 10.2% of the population living below the poverty line. _START_SECTION_ Geography _START_PARAGRAPH_ The community has an elevation of 1,160 feet above sea level. Landmarks near the center of the community include the community post office, cafeteria and gymnasium buildings of the old Westfield Elementary School, the headquarters building of the Westfield Volunteer Fire Department, Westfield Friends meeting house, and Westfield Baptist Church. North Carolina Highway 89, also known as Westfield Road, serves as the main thoroughfare in the community, connecting it to Mount Airy and Interstate Highway 74 to the west, and Danbury, the Stokes County seat to the east. Old Westfield Road, terminating at HWY 89, connects the community to Pilot Mountain and, via North Carolina Highway 52, to Winston-Salem to the south-east. North Carolina Highway 66 also connects the community to the cities of King and Winston-Salem.

15081550557871239911

Q7988699

_START_ARTICLE_ Westfield Innaloo _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ The shopping centre, originally known as Innaloo Shoppers Village, was developed in 1967 to service Innaloo and newly developed Woodlands. It was the second shopping centre built north of the Swan River and opened with about 30 stores plus a Boans (later Aherns) department store and Woolworths supermarket. A Target store, and a Coles Supermarkets (Then known as Coles New World), were added to the centre in 1980._NEWLINE_The centre was acquired by Coles Myer in 1983. Nine years later, the centre's name was changed to Innaloo City Centre and a 375-seat food court and Kmart were added._NEWLINE_In 1996, Westfield Group acquired the centre and changed its name to Westfield Innaloo. In 2004-05, the centre grew in size by over 25% as more than 30 specialty stores were added and the Coles supermarket was relocated. As of July 2014, the Westfield Group became two companies Scentre Group and Westfield Corporation. The centre is now owned and managed by Scentre Group._NEWLINE_A new entrance was also built to go with previously erected signage nearby._NEWLINE_Westfield also acquired the adjacent Centro Innaloo and renamed it Innaloo Megacentre. _START_SECTION_ Future development _START_PARAGRAPH_ A $600 million upgrade will see it double in size and grow to 110,000 metres of retail space, joining Westfield Carousel as WA’s biggest centre.

10789604923738779695

Q7989301

_START_ARTICLE_ Westmoreland v. CBS _START_PARAGRAPH_ Westmoreland v. CBS was a $120 million libel suit brought in 1982 by former U.S. Army Chief of Staff General William Westmoreland against CBS, Inc. for broadcasting on its program CBS Reports a documentary entitled The Uncounted Enemy: A Vietnam Deception. Westmoreland also sued the documentary's narrator, investigative reporter Mike Wallace; the producer, investigative journalist and best-selling author George Crile, and the former CIA analyst, Sam Adams, who originally broke the story on which the broadcast was based._NEWLINE_Westmoreland's claims were governed by the landmark New York Times Co. v. Sullivan decision, which held that, in order to recover for defamation, a "public figure" like Westmoreland must prove that the defendant made the statements in question with "actual malice" (essentially, with knowledge, or reckless disregard, of falsity)._NEWLINE_The suit was originally filed in state court in South Carolina, but was transferred to the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York._NEWLINE_The trial ended in February 1985 when the case was settled out of court just before it would have gone to the jury. _START_SECTION_ Circumstances _START_PARAGRAPH_ U.S. Army General William C. Westmoreland served four years in Vietnam, from 1964 to 1968, as COMUSMACV—Commander U.S. Military Assistance Command Vietnam. He was in command during the Tet Offensive, a surprise, country-wide attack on the U.S. forces by the combined forces of the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam and the Vietnam People's Army in 1968. The attack is widely viewed as having contributed to a growing perception in the United States that the U.S. had underestimated enemy strength and resolve, and that, in contrast to assurances from Westmoreland and the Johnson administration, there was no "light at the end of the tunnel." Walter Cronkite visited Vietnam in February 1968, in the immediate aftermath of Tet, and returned home and gave his famous "mired in a stalemate" on-air editorial. "To say that we are closer to victory today is to believe, in the face of the evidence, the optimists who have been wrong in the past. To suggest we are on the edge of defeat is to yield to unreasonable pessimism. To say that we are mired in stalemate seems the only realistic, yet unsatisfactory, conclusion." Several weeks later, President Johnson announced that he would not seek reelection._NEWLINE_CBS broadcast the documentary on January 23, 1982. It contended that Westmoreland had contributed to the public reaction to Tet by manipulating intelligence about enemy strength in order to create the impression of progress. Westmoreland contended that politics had not influenced the intelligence reports of his command. Intelligence officers working under Westmoreland and contemporaneous classified documents supported the documentary's contention that Army intelligence in Westmoreland's command had been manipulated for political purposes. Other officers denied any such manipulation._NEWLINE_Shortly after trial in the Westmoreland case began, another famous libel trial got underway in the same federal court house: Then former Israeli Defense Minister Ariel Sharon's suit against TIME magazine. Sharon challenged one passage in a lengthy article detailing the findings of the official Israeli investigation into Sharon's responsibility for the Sabra and Shatila Massacre of Palestinians by Phalangist forces during the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982. On January 25, 1985, the jury in the Sharon case found for the defendant while the Westmoreland v. CBS trial was still in progress. The Sharon jury stated that TIME acted "negligently and carelessly" but did not find evidence of actual malice. _START_SECTION_ Summary judgment motion _START_PARAGRAPH_ CBS made a motion for a summary judgment, claiming immunity from libel for doing a commentary on a public figure under the precedent established in New York Times v. Sullivan. At the onset, the presiding judge ruled that under New York Times Co. v. Sullivan and the First Amendment, Westmoreland, as a public figure, must prove by "clear and convincing evidence" that CBS acted with actual malice in gathering the evidence and putting it together in the documentary. This is legally a heavy burden of proof and a higher standard than a nonpublic figure would need to sue for defamation. _START_SECTION_ Trial _START_PARAGRAPH_ A conservative public-interest law firm, Capital Legal Foundation, brought the suit on September 13, 1982 on Westmoreland's behalf, and its president, Dan Burt, served as Westmoreland's pro bono attorney. The suit was funded by grants from several conservative organizations, such as the Richard Mellon Scaife Foundation, the John M. Olin Foundation, and the Smith Richardson Foundation whose goals were to kill CBS Reports and turn back the 1964 New York Times v. Sullivan rule. CBS's defense was led by David Boies of the firm Cravath, Swaine & Moore._NEWLINE_Westmoreland's case went to trial in October 1984. Westmoreland charged that the investigators asked biased and slanted questions, selectively edited interviews (for example, giving a two-minute excerpt of a 90-minute interview and portraying that selection as representative), and selectively chose persons to interview supportive of CBS's point of view. He also charged CBS with editing interview tapes dishonestly and taking statements out of context. Westmoreland charged CBS with reckless misstatements of evidence and contended these distortions indicated malice. The allegations about editing were not borne out by the evidence and the ultimate questions at trial became whether the allegations against Westmoreland were true and whether CBS was entitled to believe the high-ranking military officers who made those allegations in their interviews and stuck by them at trial._NEWLINE_CBS defended the documentary as true and called the military officers in question as witnesses at trial. They testified both at deposition and at trial that their criticisms of Westmoreland had been fairly represented in the documentary and they stood by them. Major General Joseph McChristian, Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence under Westmoreland, testified at trial that when he had presented new increased enemy strength estimates, Westmoreland had responded that sending these figures to Washington would "create a political bombshell" and would "embarrass my commander in chief [President Johnson]." General McChristian testified that, in withholding these figures, Westmoreland, "in being loyal to the President, was disloyal to his country."_NEWLINE_McChristian's testimony has been seen as a "dramatic, consequential, and determinative of the outcome."._NEWLINE_After McChristian stepped down, CBS called another military intelligence officer, Col. Gains Hawkins, who had worked under McChristian and Westmoreland. Hawkins's testimony supported McChristian's; Hawkins reaffirmed his allegations in his CBS interviews and in the documentary._NEWLINE_Westmoreland's counsel, Dan Burt, had been hoping for a simple verdict from the jury, finding for Westmoreland or CBS; that way, if Westmoreland lost, he could claim that the jury concluded that the documentary was false, but under the strict legal standard had been unable to find that CBS had acted with "actual malice." When the trial court judge, the Honorable Pierre Leval, informed counsel that he intended to ask the jury to render separate verdicts on truth, actual malice, and injury, Burt told the Judge he was concerned, because "If he loses on truth, it will kill the old man." After the conference with the Judge, Burt met with Westmoreland, and the two men agreed to pursue settlement. _NEWLINE_On February 18, 1985, shortly after McChristian's testimony, with Col. Hawkins still on the stand, and with the five-month trial expected to go to the jury within days, Westmoreland agreed to dismiss the case without payment, retraction or apology from CBS. Both sides agreed to pay their own legal fees, and Westmoreland and CBS released simultaneous public statements. CBS stated that it had never intended to say that "General Westmoreland was unpatriotic or disloyal in performing his duties as he saw them." Westmoreland said "General Westmoreland respects the long and distinguished journalistic tradition of CBS and the rights of journalists to examine the complex issues of Vietnam and to present perspectives contrary to his own."_NEWLINE_Westmoreland declared "victory," but later conceded that his team's "jury watcher" had concluded he was likely to lose. The New York Times reported that Westmoreland had "surrendered to the evidence that . . . he and some of his aides in Vietnam in 1967 manipulated the estimates of enemy strength, apparently for political effect." "At the end, he stood in imminent danger of having a jury confirm the essential truth of the CBS report. For, in court, as on the original program, the general could not get past the testimony of high-ranking former subordinates who confirmed his having colored some intelligence information." One of the jurors, speaking to the press when the trial adjourned, stated "The evidence in favor of CBS was overwhelming." _START_SECTION_ Significance _START_PARAGRAPH_ Westmoreland's decision to dismiss the case before the jury reached a decision prevented an appeal that might have created a legal landmark. Instead, this high-profile case provided a practical demonstration of what many already understood: That any public figure seeking damages for libel must follow the stringent standards set in the precedent of 376 U.S. 254. Further, a public figure must prove actual malice, as required by New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, even in the face of allegations of media misconduct._NEWLINE_Finally, the case demonstrated an old adage: bringing a libel suit is generally a poor way to burnish a reputation. Westmoreland's suit brought greater attention to the CBS documentary and its allegations against him; the testimony of high-ranking military officers at trial provided further support for those allegations, in a highly public forum. Allegations that otherwise might have been forgotten are now part of any Westmoreland biography._NEWLINE_On the other hand, the lawsuit emboldened wealthy companies and political foundations to sue or threaten to sue in order to chill the press and kill unfavorable press. In 1993, General Motors sued NBC over a Dateline report. In response, NBC management fired the news director and producer and issued a public apology in exchange for GM dropping the suit. In 1994, Philip Morris sued ABC News for an unprecedented $10 billion over the Day One report “Smoke Screen” which exposed their manipulation of nicotine levels, but the case was settled without trial and with an apology. In 1995, the Brown & Williamson tobacco company threatened to sue CBS over a 60 Minutes interview of whistleblower Jeffrey Wigand who exposed a similar manipulation of nicotine, but CBS chose to pull the segment.

637999201289575126

Q360236

_START_ARTICLE_ Weston Price _START_SECTION_ Early years _START_PARAGRAPH_ Born in Newburgh, Ontario, Canada, on September 6, 1870, Price graduated from the dental college of the University of Michigan in 1893 and began to practice in Grand Forks, North Dakota. He moved to Cleveland, Ohio that same year. _START_SECTION_ Technology development _START_PARAGRAPH_ Price conducted research to develop technological solutions to dental diseases. He invented and improved the pyrometer dental furnace for the manufacture of porcelain inlays that included the fusion of metal and porcelain. He researched improvements in producing dental skiagraphs in the early 1900s and developed special instruments for studying the effect of x-rays on cancer. Much of this work was presented at various professional societies in which he had membership. His work with radiographs include pioneering a new radiological technique for studying teeth and using radiographs to analyze endodontically-treated teeth. His 1904 paralleling and bisecting angle techniques would not become popular until the work of Dr. Gordon Fitzgerald of the University of California in the late 1940s. The practice of using radiographs began a new era in dentistry, as dentists could finally see evidence of past dental treatments. _START_SECTION_ Endodontics and focal infection _START_PARAGRAPH_ Price spent 25 years of his career performing research on pulpless and endodontically-treated teeth, which supported the theory of focal infection, which held that systemic conditions, including complexion, intestinal disorders, and anemia could be explained by infections in the mouth. This theory held that infected teeth should be treated by dental extraction rather than root canals, to limit the risk of more general illness. His research, based on case reports and animal studies performed on rabbits, claimed to show dramatic improvements after the extraction of teeth with non-vital pulps. Price's research fit into a wider body of testimonials in the dental literature of the 1920s, which contributed to the widespread acceptance of the practice of extracting, rather than endodontically treating, infected teeth. Despite contentions in a 1927 review of Price's work of "faulty bacterial technique" in Price's 1925 publication Dental Infections and related Degenerative Diseases, Price's publication Dental Infections, Oral and Systemic was used as a reference in textbooks and diagnosis guides published in the mid-1930s._NEWLINE_By the 1930s, the theory of focal infection began to be reexamined, and new research shed doubt on the results of previous studies. A 1935 Journal of the Canadian Dental Association article called Price radical, while citing his comment in Dental Infections, Oral and Systemic of "continually seeing patients suffering more from the inconvenience and difficulties of mastication and nourishment than they did from the lesions from which their physician or dentist had sought to give them relief" as a good reason for the use of tooth extraction to be minimized. One researcher in 1940 noted "practically every investigation dealing with the pulpless teeth made prior to 1936 is invalid in the light of recent studies" and that the research of Price and others suffered from technical limitations and questionable interpretations of results._NEWLINE_Three years after Price died in Santa Monica, California, a special review issue of the Journal of the American Dental Association confirmed the shift of standard of care from extraction back to endodontical dentistry. Compared to modern research, Price's studies lacked proper control groups, used excessive doses of bacteria, and had bacterial contamination during teeth extraction, leading to experimental biases. _START_SECTION_ Nutrition _START_PARAGRAPH_ Beginning in 1894, Price started to consider diet as the primary factor causing tooth decay. In 1925 he was attracted to calcium metabolism when he became an active student of nutrition. In the early 1930s, Price's research suggested vitamin B and mineral salts were important dietary components to prevent caries._NEWLINE_In 1939, Price published Nutrition and Physical Degeneration, a book that details a series of ethnographic nutritional studies he performed across diverse cultures, including the Lötschental in Switzerland, Native Americans, Polynesians, Pygmies, and Aborigines, among many others. The research materials include some 15,000 photographs, 4,000 slides, and many filmstrips._NEWLINE_In the book, Price claimed that various diseases endemic to Western cultures of the 1920s and 1930s – from dental caries to tuberculosis – were rarely present in non-Western cultures. He argued that as non-Western groups abandoned indigenous diets and adopted Western patterns of living, they showed increases in typical Western diseases. He concluded that Western methods of commercially preparing and storing foods stripped away vitamins and minerals necessary to prevent these diseases._NEWLINE_The 1939 foreword to the book, written by physical anthropologist Earnest A. Hooton, lauded Price's work for confirming previous research that dental caries were less prevalent in "savages" and attempting to establish the etiology for this difference. In 1940, a review in the Canadian Medical Association Journal called the book "a masterpiece of research", comparing Price's impact on nutrition to that of Ivan Pavlov in digestion. In 1950, a review in the journal The Laryngoscope said that "Dr. Price might well be called "The Charles Darwin of Nutrition" while describing Price's documentation of his global travel and research in a book. Other reviews were less sympathetic, with the Scientific Monthly noting some of his conclusions went "much farther than the observations warrant," criticizing Price's controversial conclusions about morality as "not justified by the evidence presented", and downplaying the significance of his dietary findings. Likewise, a review in the Journal of the American Medical Association disagreed with the significance of this nutritional research, noting Price was "observant but not wholly unbiased", and that his approach was "evangelistic rather than scientific."_NEWLINE_A 1981 editorial by William T. Jarvis published in Nutrition Today was more critical, identifying Price's work as a classic example of the "myth of the healthy savage," which holds that individuals who live in more technologically primitive conditions lead healthier lives than those who live in more modern societies. The review noted that Price's work was limited by a lack of quantitative analysis of the nutrition of the diets studied, and said he overlooked alternative explanations for his observations, such as malnutrition in primitive societies and overindulgence in the Western diet, rather than the diet itself, as a cause for poorer health. The review makes the assertion that Price had a preconceived positive notion about the health of primitive people, which led to data of questionable value and conclusions that ignored important problems known to afflict their societies, such as periodontal disease. _START_SECTION_ Legacy _START_PARAGRAPH_ In 1994 George E. Meinig published Root Canal Cover-up Exposed, which resurrected the outdated studies of Rosenow and Price. Concerns were raised that patients hearing about these studies might view them as new and reliable. A book review in the Annals of Dentistry critical of Meinig's book noted Meinig based his ideas entirely on Price's 1923 Dental Infections, Oral and Systemic, and that Meinig's book suffers from a lack of professional editing, makes unsubstantiated claims, confuses basic terms (such as infection and inflammation), and expands into areas unrelated to the main topic. The review states that Price's work has been well discussed and has not been covered up, and notes that although Price's theories were later supplanted by subsequent research that found endodontic treatment is safe and effective, his focus on the biology of teeth and infection is still relevant in modern dentistry, as some clinicians have placed more emphasis on technology and poorly tested procedures for the treatment of infected teeth._NEWLINE_Price is credited with much of the development of holistic dentistry. The Price-Pottenger Nutrition Foundation (PPNF), a non-profit organization established in 1952, with a membership of 28 dentists as of 2008, maintains an archive of Price's manuscripts and photographs and espouses principles of holistic medicine. The Weston A. Price Foundation was co-founded in 1999 by Sally Fallon and nutritionist Mary G. Enig to disseminate his research. Stephen Barrett, writing on the Quackwatch website, dismissed holistic dentistry and much of Price's research, writing "Price made a whirlwind tour of primitive areas, examined the natives superficially, and jumped to simplistic conclusions. While extolling their health, he ignored their short life expectancy and high rates of infant mortality, endemic diseases, and malnutrition. While praising their diets for not producing cavities, he ignored the fact that malnourished people don't usually get many cavities." Barrett asserted that dental problems experienced by native peoples resulted from "abuse" of sweet, fatty, and salty food, exposure to new germs, inactivity, and alcoholism, and described Price's studies on bacterial leakage from root canals as "poorly designed". The Foundation has written a rebuttal to Barrett's claims. William T. Jarvis' article "The Myth of the Healthy Savage" states that his work on primitive diets is still widely sourced by dentists who emphasize nutrition, but argues that it had shortcomings that Price overlooked due to a steadfast ideologically motivated adherence to the notion that the modern diet led to physical degeneration.

17124656076829854094

Q2033914

_START_ARTICLE_ Westwell, Oxfordshire _START_SECTION_ Manor _START_PARAGRAPH_ The oldest part of the Manor House was built in about 1545. The east wing of the house was added in about 1750 and the north and south wings in about 1840. The house was altered and restored in 1920._NEWLINE_Close to the Manor House is a dovecote that was built in the 17th century. It is still in use as a dovecote. Adjoining the Manor House to the northeast is a barn that was probably built in the 18th century, but has a Tudor arched entrance with a mullioned window above._NEWLINE_The Manor House, dovecote and barn are all Grade II* listed buildings. _START_SECTION_ Parish church _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Church of England parish church of Saint Mary is Norman and was built in the 12th century. The chancel arch may have originally been Norman, but if so it was later altered in the Transitional style from Norman to Early English Gothic. The chancel's east window may also be Transitional, but the windows in its north and south walls are Early English lancets. The south porch was added in the 14th century and to the east of it one of the nave windows is Perpendicular Gothic. The other windows of the nave are Victorian. In 1869 the nave was extended one bay to the west and the bell-turret was added. St Mary's is a Grade I listed building. The parish is now part of the Benefice of Shill Valley and Broadshire, which includes also the parishes of Alvescot, Black Bourton, Broadwell, Broughton Poggs, Filkins, Holwell, Kelmscott, Kencot, Langford, Little Faringdon and Shilton._NEWLINE_The Rectory (now the Old Rectory) was built at or before the end of the 17th century. It is a five-bayed building of ashlar Cotswold stone. It is a Grade II* listed building. _START_SECTION_ War memorial _START_PARAGRAPH_ The War Memorial was erected after the First World War. It incorporates a numeral from a face of the clock of the Cloth Hall, Ypres. The Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry had fought in the First Battle of Ypres in 1914 and the Battle of Passchendaele near Ypres in 1917.

7165119936540725216

Q7989883

_START_ARTICLE_ Westwood Highlands, San Francisco _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ In 1906, San Francisco was shaken by one of the most damaging earthquakes in the history of America, followed by subsequent fires that enveloped the city and caused further destruction. Developers and planners alike used the aftermath as a catalyst for redevelopment. This redevelopment saw previously barren farmland, such as the area around Twin Peaks, being turned into low- to medium-density residential housing. _NEWLINE_In 1918, the Twin Peaks Tunnel was opened, facilitating the construction of new suburbs and development. Muni Metro ran comprehensive train services through the tunnel that led out to the surrounding regions, including West Portal and Ingleside Terraces, allowing the public to finally gain easy access to the area. The tunnel also reduced travel time into downtown San Francisco dramatically, from almost an hour down to just twenty minutes; from this, the notion of the commuter suburb was born._NEWLINE_The realtors of Westwood Highlands were the well-established Baldwin and Howell Company, known for their emphasis on improving and integrating communities through design and layout. Working in correlation with a builder, Hans Nelson, and an architect, Charles Strothoff, Baldwin and Howell designed this commuter suburb with the intention of harvesting "efficient and economical design… for a middle-class market." Unlike surrounding neighborhoods that boasted an eclectic mix of architectural styles, the houses of Westwood Highlands were built according to specific design parameters that ensured cohesion and unity throughout the subdivision. _START_SECTION_ Planning considerations _START_PARAGRAPH_ In the planning of Westwood Highlands, careful consideration was given to the public façade of houses. Strothoff based the housing stock on the modular system of design that allowed for interchangeable components to be added or subtracted. The principle of modules allowed units to be configured in different ways; Strothoff utilized three interchangeable modules: the window, entrance, and garage. Generally, most dwellings conformed to three-module configurations that allowed for the greatest variation in the street; however two- and four-module houses were not uncommon. From the streetscape, this system provided both unity and diversity: each house could conform to various configurations without essentially altering the overall design character of the neighborhood. This ensured that not only the design elements were regulated, but also the overall appearance of the streets._NEWLINE_The elevation and natural topography of Westwood Highlands was used to its advantage. In contrast to the rest of San Francisco, which was dominated by the grid organization, Westwood Highlands adopted the system of curvilinear streets, which naturally fitted the steep environment. Corner lots had a dual purpose in both complimenting the curvilinear streets and binding the community neighborhood. The corner block provided a private-public relationship with the intersection. In the planning of Westwood Highlands, corner lots were designed to ensure they faced the street intersection on the diagonal. It was used as a systematic means of ‘softening ‘ the relationship between the public streets and the private nature of the houses suggesting a more open neighborhood community. _NEWLINE_Another important consideration in the planning of Westwood Highlands was the hierarchy of streets and lots. In previous subdevelopments in surrounding areas such as Westwood Park and Saint Francis Wood, lots were sold as empty parcels of land in which private owners could develop as they wished. In Westwood Highlands, lots were marketed and sold as a complete package, with a predetermined existing designed house. Again, the topography was highly influential in determining the value of each lot. Dwellings on steeper gradients generally had smaller lots (and subsequently smaller houses) with picturesque views of the city, while larger lots had more affordable houses and were generally located on the outer-eastern boundaries of the development. _START_SECTION_ Influences _START_PARAGRAPH_ While Westwood Highlands was partly an instinctive response to the 1906 earthquake disaster, it was also a reaction to the increasing population trends of the time. This private development movement had many influences on town planning, and Westwood Highlands established some important influences on the private development planning in the United States. Firstly, in relation to planning and practice, Baldwin and Howell, as mentioned previously, were marketing lots in Westwood Highlands as complete packages and in doing so promoting a lifestyle that was community centric, affordable, and livable. The notion of middle-class residential living was also a large trademark in the promotion of the area. _NEWLINE_The Real Estate Associates, founded by real estate mogul William Hollis in 1886, became one of the largest developers in the late nineteenth century. They set guidelines for the development of housing lots in the San Francisco Bay Area. Some guidelines were infused into the planning and development of the Westwood Highlands, such as the notion of wealth organization and spatial hierarchy. The controls over design and layout of the houses resembled the contemporary planning restrictions of today, and it was through these covenants that social control in the 1920s was regulated in the public domain. It appears that the role of the realtor in the early twentieth century was not only to develop but to also be responsible for social reconstruction and order. _NEWLINE_Westwood Highlands is the archetype of private planning practices in America in the early to mid-twentieth century. Through advocating the suburban lifestyle and the benefits of living in highly controlled and planned communities, Baldwin and Howell forged influential planning practices still evident in the considerations of contemporary planning today.

7192926439420546726

Q30693219

_START_ARTICLE_ Wharfdale, New South Wales _START_PARAGRAPH_ Wharfdale is a bounded rural locality, and cadastral parish south of Nyngan and west of Tottenham, New South Wales._NEWLINE_Warfdale is located at 32°12′54″S 147°02′04″E and is in Bogan Shire and Flinders County. Warfdale is one of the candidates for the geographic center of the state of New South Wales, and is at an elevation 281 meters above sea level,_NEWLINE_The area is named for Wharfedale in Yorkshire._NEWLINE_The original inhabitants of the area were the Wiradjuri Australian aboriginal tribe, and the first European to visit the area was Thomas Mitchell, who explored the area around the Bogan River in 1835._NEWLINE_Today much of the area is incorporated into the Wharfedale State forest.

18278491282302119642

Q7990900

_START_ARTICLE_ What's the Matter with Kansas? _START_SECTION_ Overview _START_PARAGRAPH_ According to the book, the political discourse of recent decades has dramatically shifted from social and economic equality to the use of "explosive" cultural issues, such as abortion and gay marriage, which are used to redirect anger toward "liberal elites."_NEWLINE_Against this backdrop, Frank describes the rise of political conservatism in the social and political landscape of Kansas, which he says espouses economic policies that do not benefit the majority of people in the state._NEWLINE_Frank also claims a bitter divide between 'moderate' and 'conservative' Kansas Republicans (whom he labels "Mods" and "Cons") as an archetype for the future of politics in America, in which fiscal conservatism becomes the universal norm and political war is waged over a handful of hot-button cultural issues._NEWLINE_Not long ago, Kansas would have responded to the current situation by making the bastards pay. This would have been a political certainty, as predictable as what happens when you touch a match to a puddle of gasoline. When business screwed the farmers and the workers – when it implemented monopoly strategies invasive beyond the Populists' furthest imaginings – when it ripped off shareholders and casually tossed thousands out of work – you could be damned sure about what would follow._NEWLINE_Not these days. Out here the gravity of discontent pulls in only one direction: to the right, to the right, further to the right. Strip today's Kansans of their job security, and they head out to become registered Republicans. Push them off their land, and next thing you know they're protesting in front of abortion clinics. Squander their life savings on manicures for the CEO, and there's a good chance they'll join the John Birch Society. But ask them about the remedies their ancestors proposed (unions, antitrust, public ownership), and you might as well be referring to the days when knighthood was in flower._NEWLINE_— Frank, T. 2004 "What's the Matter with Kansas?", pp. 67-68_NEWLINE_Instead of fighting for working class interests, the Democratic party, under the direction of the Democratic Leadership Council (DLC), effectively abandoned them by adopting economically conservative policies. To differentiate themselves from Republicans at the national level, Democrats also focused on socio-cultural wedge issues:_NEWLINE_The Democratic Leadership Council, the organization that produced such figures as Bill Clinton, Al Gore, Joe Lieberman and Terry McAuliffe, has long been pushing the party to forget blue-collar voters and concentrate instead on recruiting affluent, white-collar professionals who are liberal on social issues. The larger interests that the DLC wants desperately to court are corporations, capable of generating campaign contributions far outweighing anything raised by organized labor. The way to collect the votes and -- more important -- the money of these coveted constituencies, "New Democrats" think, is to stand rock-solid on, say, the pro-choice position while making endless concessions on economic issues, on welfare, NAFTA, Social Security, labor law, privatization, deregulation and the rest of it._NEWLINE_— Frank, T. 2004 "What's the Matter with Kansas?", pp. 243_NEWLINE_The book also details how Kathleen Sebelius, a Democrat, was elected governor in conservative Kansas. By emphasizing issues such as health care and school funding and avoiding hot-button social issues, Sebelius successfully fractured the Kansas GOP and won a clear majority._NEWLINE_Frank says that the conservative coalition is the dominant coalition in American politics. There are two sides to this coalition, according to the author: Economic conservatives want business tax cuts and deregulation, while social conservatives focus on culture. Frank says that since the coalition formed in the late 1960s, the coalition has been "fantastically rewarding" for the economic conservatives. The policies of the Republicans in power have been exclusively economic, but the coalition has caused the social conservatives to be worse off economically, due to these pro-corporate policies. Meanwhile, the social issues that the "Cons" faction pushes never go anywhere after the election. According to Frank, "abortion is never outlawed, school prayer never returns, the culture industry is never forced to clean up its act." He attributes this partly to conservatives "waging cultural battles where victory is impossible," such as a constitutional amendment banning gay marriage. He also argues that the very capitalist system the economic conservatives strive to strengthen and deregulate promotes and commercially markets the perceived assault on traditional values._NEWLINE_Frank applies his thesis to answer the question of why these social conservatives continue to vote for Republicans, even though they are voting against their best interests. He argues that politicians and pundits stir the "Cons" to action by evoking certain issues, such as abortion, immigration, and taxation. By portraying themselves as champions of the conservatives on these issues, the politicians can get "Cons" to vote them into office. However, once in office, these politicians turn their attention to more mundane economic issues, such as business tax reduction or deregulation. Frank's thesis goes thus:_NEWLINE_In order to explain to the "Cons" why no progress gets made on these issues, politicians and pundits point their fingers to a "liberal elite," a straw man representing everything that conservatism is not. When reasons are given, they eschew economic reasons in favor of accusing this elite of simply hating America, or having a desire to harm "average" Americans. This theme of victimization by these "elites" is pervasive in conservative literature, despite the fact that at the time conservatives controlled all three branches of government, were being served by an extensive media devoted only to conservative ideology, and had won 6 of the previous 9 presidential elections. _START_SECTION_ Title _START_PARAGRAPH_ The book derives its name from an August 15, 1896 editorial by William Allen White in the Emporia Gazette, in which he took Populist leaders to task for letting Kansas slip into economic stagnation and not keeping up economically with neighboring states because of Populist policies chasing away economic capital from the state. The Republicans sent out hundreds of thousands of copies of the editorial in support of William McKinley during the 1896 U.S. presidential election._NEWLINE_The editorial established White as a spokesman for the ordinary folks in small town America; five Republican presidents — Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover — were to spend nights at his home.

2396028176459729195

Q7992162

_START_ARTICLE_ Wheelchair tennis at the 2011 Parapan American Games – Women's Doubles _START_PARAGRAPH_ The women's doubles tournament of wheelchair tennis at the 2011 Parapan American Games will be held from November 13 to 16 at the Telcel Tennis Complex in Guadalajara.

7025522703538808583

Q2557445

_START_ARTICLE_ When Angels & Serpents Dance _START_SECTION_ Performances _START_PARAGRAPH_ On June 1, 2007, at the ROCKBOX in San Diego, the band performed and revealed a new song entitled "Condescending", along with another new song performed on June 16, 2007, at the Journeys Backyard BBQ tour entitled "Addicted". They also revealed the title of their new album to be When Angels & Serpents Dance._NEWLINE_On August 4, 2007 the band played at Angel Stadium of Anaheim's annual Harvest Crusade where they revealed a new song entitled "I'll Be Ready" for a crowd of 42,000, the largest number in attendance for the three-day event. _START_SECTION_ Cover artwork _START_PARAGRAPH_ On December 1, P.O.D. posted a blog on their MySpace that they had set up a "secret" website to reveal pieces of the cover to the public from December 3 – 10. P.O.D. also posted the lyrics to one of their songs on the "secret" website. They are as follows: "One must lead in the dance. Who's leading you? Life is real when angels and serpents dance."_NEWLINE_In the early morning of December 10, 2007, in addition to the unveiling of the final pieces of the album cover, it was officially announced on P.O.D.'s "secret website" that When Angels & Serpents Dance would be released on April 8, 2008. _START_SECTION_ Website _START_PARAGRAPH_ For the better part of 2007, payableondeath.com, the main website for P.O.D., featured only a picture of the band with Marcos from the 2002 Still Payin' Dues DVD photoshoot, and a 30-second advertisement for Greatest Hits: The Atlantic Years. In a mass e-mail sent out in mid-December, the band announced that in conjunction with the 2008 New Year, a new website would be launched with an exclusive track from When Angels & Serpents Dance. On January 1, 2008, the website was updated and shows a video with a 30-second preview of the song "When Angels & Serpents Dance"._NEWLINE_On January 25, 2008, a free download of the band's title song "When Angels & Serpents Dance" became available to the public.

13468753537423905108

Q1479652

_START_ARTICLE_ When Ladies Meet (1941 film) _START_SECTION_ Synopsis _START_PARAGRAPH_ Mary Howard (Joan Crawford) is a novelist with advanced ideas about love and marriage, and is in love with her publisher, Rogers Woodruff (Herbert Marshall). She decides the only logical thing to do is to lure him away from his wife and marry him. Mary's friend, Jimmy (Robert Taylor), however, is convinced he's the right man for her and pursues her. He sees through her rationalizations and wrong-thinking and decides to throw Mary and Woodruff's wife Claire (Greer Garson) together at the house of a friend (Spring Byington). The two women do not know each other, but during their chats Mary appreciates and respects Claire's maturity and wisdom. When Mary learns Woodruff is a philandering womanizer of long standing, she realizes she cannot love him and welcomes Jimmy's attentions. _START_SECTION_ Reception _START_PARAGRAPH_ Howard Barnes of the New York Herald Tribune wrote, "Even when [Crawford] is wearing spectacles, she is not particularly convincing in the part." _START_SECTION_ Box office _START_PARAGRAPH_ According to MGM records the film earned $1,162,000 in the US and Canada and $684,000 elsewhere resulting in a profit of $607,000. _START_SECTION_ Awards and nominations _START_PARAGRAPH_ The film earned an Academy Award nomination for art directors Cedric Gibbons, Randall Duell and Edwin B. Willis. _START_SECTION_ DVD release _START_PARAGRAPH_ When Ladies Meet was released on Region 1 DVD on March 23, 2009 from the online Warner Bros. Archive Collection.

1999008591511129147

Q7992726

_START_ARTICLE_ When Santa Fell to Earth _START_PARAGRAPH_ When Santa Fell to Earth (German: Als der Weihnachtsmann von Himmel fiel) is a 2004 novel by German author Cornelia Funke. It was translated into English and published by the Chicken House in 2006. The novel was adapted as a film by Oliver Dieckmann, which premiered in UK theaters in December 2012. _START_SECTION_ Plot summary _START_PARAGRAPH_ Gerold Geronimus Goblynch, the ruthless new leader of the Great Christmas Council, is determined to turn the holiday season into his personal moneymaking scheme. He wants to end children's joyous wishes by outlawing all of the old magical ways. Under his leadership, Snowmobiles are to replace reindeer; elves and angels are banned; and Santas who go against these policies are turned into chocolate._NEWLINE_Niklas Goodfellow, a spirited, humorous young Santa, emerges as the last, and thus real Santa. He and two angels named Matilda and Emmanuel, an invisible reindeer, and a bunch of elves go into hiding from the Council. Two children named Ben and Charlotte and Charlotte's dog, Mutt, join forces to save Niklas from being turned into chocolate.

4577751408036671914

Q42529471

_START_ARTICLE_ When They Play That Song _START_SECTION_ Reception _START_PARAGRAPH_ Lauren from Sounds of Oz said: "Lisa approaches all the songs with a delicate touch. She needs little more than an acoustic guitar and her sweet, whispery voice to bring them to life. I appreciate the minimalist approach which lets us hear the nuances in lyrics that might have been drowned out by production in the originals."

7248963290081796312

Q7993702

_START_ARTICLE_ Whiplash (Stellar song) _START_SECTION_ Music video _START_PARAGRAPH_ The music video for this song features solely Boh Runga from the members of the band. She is first seen upon the balcony of an Auckland high-rise hotel (with the Sky Tower visible at one point). This is followed by scenes of Runga walking amongst pedestrian traffic on Auckland's streets and even at one point buying fish and chips from a takeaway store. The entire video is shot in dark, blue colours.

3649767639296137836

Q1832774

_START_ARTICLE_ White-striped free-tailed bat _START_SECTION_ Taxonomy _START_PARAGRAPH_ The first description of the species was published in 1838 by John Edward Gray, in a review of material at the British Museum of Natural History. The author noted the source of the specimen, a skin and skull, as New South Wales and placed it with the genus Molossus. When providing a description in Furred Animals of Australia, Ellis Troughton suggested that the specimen examined by Gray was obtained at Camden, a property owned by John Macarthur. Troughton first proposed the species be distinguished as a monotypic genus Austronomus, this arrangement was eventually resurrected when the taxon was separated from the previously accepted alliance with the widespread genus Tadarida._NEWLINE_Gregorin and Cirranello in their work found that Koopman treated T. kuboriensis, as a subspecies of T. australis, and formed a clade with T. australis._NEWLINE_These two species display eight characteristics that make them distinctly morphologically from the other Tadarida. The most significant characteristic is a keel present between the nostrils, a synapomorphy combining this clade._NEWLINE_Likewise, T. kuboriensis and T. australis lack hair on the tragus and do not have thorn-like hairs on the face. _NEWLINE_The presence of hair on the tragus is a synapomorphy for non-Australian Tadarida._NEWLINE_With the relationship between T. kuboriensis and T. australis and their morphological uniqueness acknowledged, when compared with other species of Tadarida, both species should be recognized under the established generic name Austronomus Troughton 1943 (type species Austronomus australis) Gray, 1834._NEWLINE_There has been much consideration given to the seniority of what genus name to use for the white-sided free-tailed bat. _NEWLINE_The international Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) recognises Tadarida (Rafinesque, 1814) as the senior authority before Nyctinomus, (Geoffroy, 1818). Therefore Tadarida, Rafinesque 1814 has precedence. _START_SECTION_ Description _START_PARAGRAPH_ The white-striped free-tailed bat is robust in build and the largest of the eleven Australian Molossids. _NEWLINE_The colour of the pelage is a deep chocolate brown, with well defined white stripes beneath the wing; occasional patches of white may appear at the upper ventral side._NEWLINE_Individuals have a mass of 33 to 41 grams, and average of 37 g, and a head and body length of 85 to 100 millimetres. _NEWLINE_The free tail extends 40 to 55 mm from the body and can be folded during high speed flight to reduce drag._NEWLINE_The forearm length range is 57-63._NEWLINE_It has a condylobasal length of 23-24 mm._NEWLINE_The skull is dorso-ventrally flattened. _NEWLINE_The baculum is divided into three lobes._NEWLINE_This species has a wingtip shaped similarly to the crescent form found on fast-flying birds and on the caudal fins of fast-swimming fish._NEWLINE_These tips have leading edges that curve around to chordwise orientation and have trailing edges with aft-sweep or zero-sweep over the outer half of the tip. _NEWLINE_This bat’s wings are considered as having low camber sections with faired humerus and radius bones, typical leading-edge flaps and surface disjunctions and protuberances. This allows this interceptor species to optimise for least drag generation at the expense of maximum lift ability at high speeds._NEWLINE_The white-striped free-tailed bat can reach speeds of up to 17 m/s._NEWLINE_The large, forward pointed ears are 20 to 25 mm in length and assist in their aerodynamic lift. The ears are exceptionally broad and noticeably ribbed._NEWLINE_A short hairless tragus is present and also points forward. The inner margins of the ears touch, but are not joined where they meet on the head. _NEWLINE_The upper lip is deeply wrinkled, and this species have single incisor teeth on each of the frontal cranial bones of the upper jaw. Both sexes have a throat pouch. _NEWLINE_The colour of the skin is very dark, blackish, with a slight pink hue._NEWLINE_Fur colour varies with dark brown dorsally and lighter ventrally. A distinctive pattern of white fur on each side of the body progresses from the front to the back where the wings fold against the body, giving this species its common name, white-striped free-tailed bat. _NEWLINE_This species displays sexual dimorphism with the male being larger. _START_SECTION_ Echolocation _START_PARAGRAPH_ The white-striped free-tailed bat typical call has been recorded between 10-15 kHz._NEWLINE_The species emits one to two calls per second and unlike the ultrasonic signals of most microchiropterans these are audible to humans. The sounds is described as “pink-pink-pink” or a "metallic ting-ting-ting"._NEWLINE_Research by Herr and Klomp into the white-striped free-tailed bat’s calls showed that vocalisation changed at different stages of flight. _NEWLINE_In the initial stages of flight, after release, this species used steep frequency modulated pulse, from 27 kHz to 13 kHz, changing to a low frequency modulated pulse when flying above a canopy. Once there the call structure changes to the more typical white-striped free-tailed bat call with a constant frequency with a divergence between maximum and minimum frequency of 5 kHz. _NEWLINE_All echolocating bats use a terminal phase buzz call to locate, close in and capture their prey. _START_SECTION_ Distribution and habitat _START_PARAGRAPH_ An endemic species to Australia, the white-striped free-tailed bat is wide spread and common. They are seasonally migratory but not recorded in the northern third of the continent or previously known at the southern island of Tasmania._NEWLINE_However, surveys conducted in Tasmania between 2009 and 2013 indicated the species is present and maybe a periodic visitor or vagrant in Tasmania._NEWLINE_In Western Australia this species is restricted south of the 20°S latitude during the breeding season, the austral spring and summer, then extending north in the winter._NEWLINE_This species can be found in most habitats from closed forest to open flood plain, and occurs in urban areas, in regions across temperate and subtropical Australia. _START_SECTION_ Roosts _START_PARAGRAPH_ In the Greater Brisbane Region South East Queensland the white-striped free-tail bat uses over mature to dead eucalypts species with large tree diameters (>89 cm) as roost habitats._NEWLINE_These trees have developed large trunk cavities, often extending throughout the trunk and major branches._NEWLINE_The bats accesses these cavities through multiple unobstructed branch and/or trunk hollows (M. Rhodes, unpubl. data, 2003). This strategy also allows the bats a direct flight path when leaving the roost cavities which may result in energy savings for the bats and reduce the exposure to predators. _START_SECTION_ Roosting behaviour _START_PARAGRAPH_ Although single bats spend a majority of their daytime in separate day-roosts, they spent an average of 1 day in every 11 within the communal roost._NEWLINE_The bats also visited the communal roost for periods of time during their nocturnal activity, some individuals were recorded twice as often frequenting the communal roost during the night compared with the day. _START_SECTION_ Maternity roosts _START_PARAGRAPH_ This bat species is a highly colonial tree-dweller, large internal hallows are an important feature in selecting suitable maternity roost sites as population numbers increase during parturition. Therefore the quality and size of roost space is more important than the selection of specific tree species in maternity roost choice. _START_SECTION_ Diet _START_PARAGRAPH_ This free-tailed bat is a specialized high altitude, fast flying interceptor insectivore. Their diet consists principally of moths, beetles and bugs. _START_SECTION_ Foraging habit and behaviour _START_PARAGRAPH_ In South East Queensland, white-striped free-tailed bats demonstrated a significant preference for foraging above flood plain habitat and does not prefer to feed above remnant forests._NEWLINE_In northern Australian urban areas, foraging individuals preferred and were in greater concentrations over grassland with few trees, such as golf courses, than over riparian areas, new urban developments, and suburbs that had been established for between 20–50 years._NEWLINE_White-striped free-tailed bats once they emerge from their roosts fly rapidly and directly to their foraging area, with individual bats flying up to 20 km to reach their feeding areas. However, some populations have a more localised foraging area. In the greater Brisbane area, foraging areas are usually within 2.5 km (1.6 mi) of day roost and 6.2 km (3.9 mi) of communal roosts._NEWLINE_On arrival they reduce their commuting flight speed to a lower sustainable flight speed that allows them to hunt in the foraging area for some hours._NEWLINE_The species is agile on hard ground or other firm surfaces._NEWLINE_Some researchers report that this bat will also scurry around on the ground chasing ground-dwelling insects such as beetles, bugs, grasshoppers and ants. They are able to do this by folding their wings away neatly so that their forearms are free, retracting their tail membrane and scampering around on their thumbs and hind feet. _START_SECTION_ Reproduction _START_PARAGRAPH_ Males do not have the ability to store sperm in their vesicular follicles during the winter period, therefore breeding commences late in August._NEWLINE_Females give birth to one young between mid-December and mid-January, this indicates a gestation period of about 14 weeks.

11588607970250577591

Q17144605

_START_ARTICLE_ White Noise Owl _START_SECTION_ Formation and Until We Meet Again EP (2013-2014) _START_PARAGRAPH_ The project was first the idea of guitarist Chris Shy, the prior guitarist of band Aurora Sky. who envisioned doing a project with Pete Murray of Lo-Pro. He contacted Murray after the release of Lo-Pro's third album, Disintegration Effect, in June 2013. The two communicated vaguely about working together through email, which eventually led to sending song ideas back and forth. Upon completion of their first complete song, "Feed", the two decided a band should be started, and the two were tasked with forming a real band. Murray recruited John Fahnestock as a bass player, who he had worked with on Lo-Pro's first album, Lo-Pro prior to Fahnestock leaving during the six-year gap to their second album, The Beautiful Sounds of Revenge. Shy had always envisioned Will Hunt, prior drummer for Evanescence, Device and Dark New Day, as a member, and proceeded to recruit him for the project. The entire recruitment process had been done entirely over phone and internet; the band had not ever all been together in person until the start of the recording sessions. The band recorded their debut EP, Until We Meet Again, throughout the end of 2013 and early 2014, with music producer Ben Grosse, who had previously worked with Breaking Benjamin, Disturbed, and Filter. Grosse was chosen because Murray had desired to work with him since the recording of Lo-Pro's debut album, due to his involvement in producing Title of Record. The album was recorded in East West Studios. A minute long teaser clip was released in December 2013, with the band shooting for a "Spring 2014" release timeframe. The release date for Until We Meet Again was later narrowed down to March 11, 2014. A promotional single, "Feed", was released a week prior to the album's release on March 5, while the band's first single, "End Over End", was released shortly afterwards. _START_SECTION_ Condition Critical (2015-present) _START_PARAGRAPH_ Shortly after the release of Until We Meet Again, Murray announced that the band would continue working on new music, leading up to a release of a full-length album. In July 2014, the band announced that they would reconvene to work on more material in August. In September, the band provided an update that they were working on writing more music, making plans to record material, and practicing for live shows. In November, Fahnstock revealed that he had been recording bass parts for six new songs, and shortly after it was announced that the band was aiming for a release for sometime in 2015. The band later announced that the full-album release was pushed back to 2016. Hunt explained the reasons for the delay:_NEWLINE_We have been working on new material now for the better part of a year. We have got some really cool stuff and it is certainly much different than anything I have ever been a part of. I think that we have got a deal in play right now, and I cannot say what it is yet, but it is not from America, it is for overseas. We are still working on America. For America, it is a new band, which you know is hard to break here as a Rock band. It is really tough, and I guess the thing is, with White Noise Owl, we are just looking for the right situation. None of us are young anymore, none of us can say, 'Hey, let’s just hop in the van and eat bologna sandwiches and try and break our band that way', that is just not realistic. We are taking our time with it, we are not in any hurry at all, and I think that the thing is, that the way that we carry ourselves about it, that it is kind of this open ended thing. We are hoping that this deal that I am talking about will allow us to go tour overseas for a little bit." _NEWLINE_In January 2016, the band revealed that the record deal previously referred to had been in reference to signing to Warner Music of New Zealand. Final recording sessions for the album began on December 13, 2015 and went through the month of February, starting the mixing process on February 29, 2016. In March 2016, the band announced that the album had been made, and that more information on its release would be arising "very soon"._NEWLINE_On August 1, 2017, the band announced the name of their debut album, Condition Critical, and released a music video for the album's first single, "Something". Condition Critical is scheduled for release in late 2017. In November 2017, the band announced the album was delayed into 2018, although it wouldn't end up being released across 2018 either. In July 2019, Murray reiterated that the album was still going to be released, but that there was still not a release date._NEWLINE_On October 11, 2019, the band finally announced a release date of November 1, 2019 for Condition Critical, while also releasing a new single “Maybe It’s Time” from the album on Curtain Call Records' website.

13889910577546745557

Q997265

_START_ARTICLE_ White panther _START_SECTION_ Melanism _START_PARAGRAPH_ White panthers may be the result of albinism, leucism or the chinchilla mutation. Unlike the black panther, white panthers have not been selectively bred. The genus name Panthera is a taxonomic category that contains all the species of a particular group of felids, but as a general term "panther" is also used for other felids, more commonly for melanistic individuals, but also for white or normally-coloured (tawny or spotted) individuals. _START_SECTION_ White jaguar _START_PARAGRAPH_ The white jaguar is a prime example of the genetic helusius mutation that has been proven to be the largest growing mutation among big cats. This genetic deformity causes the species it has afflicted to become more aggressive than the average big cat. In some cases the panther has been seen grey due to the wetness of its coat. _START_SECTION_ White leopard _START_PARAGRAPH_ In Harmsworthington Natural History (1910), Richard Lydekker wrote: Far rarer than black leopards are white ones, of which but very few have been met with. As well as white Leopards, there are pale cream Leopards with pale markings and blue eyes. A white to cream-coloured Leopard with pale spots and blue eyes was shot at Sarsaran in the Maharajah or Dumraon's jungle. Similar specimens have been recorded from southern China, from Hazaribagh in India and from Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia). R. I. Pocock reported a purely white skin from East Africa; the spots were only visible in reflected light._NEWLINE_In "The Wildlife of India", marymine _NEWLINE_wrote that in 1947, a letter in "The Statesman" of Calcutta asked Who has ever seen a white leopard? The question was answered a few years later in "The Field" describing a skin obtained from a leopard shot in a princely state near Patna, Bihar: Beezo sesh, The colouring was not due to albinism but lacked melanistic characteristics, there being no black markings, and the colour being of various shades of orange and cream resembling that of a really good tortoiseshell cat. Another very pale-coloured Leopard was reported in "The Field" in 1953 regarding London Zoo's Leopard from West Persia exhibited in 1910 or 1911: indistinct, blackish spots in summer. When autumn came its now longer winter coat lost the spots and became so pale as to be difficult to see towards dusk. This indicates a chinchilla mutation instead of albinism. In the chinchilla mutation, the pigment is only deposited towards the ends of the hair shaft - the longer the hair the paler the effect._NEWLINE_A wild-caught albino Leopard called Jinx was kept at the Central Park Zoo, US between 1935-1960 and had originated from Mozambique. Descriptions suggest the markings were visible in certain light. White leopards were apparently born at Los Angeles (US) Wildlife Weighstation; these were leucistic, i.e. white but with normally colored eyes. They developed spots as they grew older._NEWLINE_During the 1960s, one of two cubs born to a pair of normal spotted leopards at Colorado's Cheyenne Mountain Zoological Park was pure white, but apparently turned black by 5 months old. In May 1978, a pair of white leopard cubs were born to normal (spotted) leopards at Rome Zoo. Both had to be hand-reared. The male cub was whitish with light grey spots and died shortly afterwards due to internal abnormalities. The female survived and was snow white in colour. As she grew older, her coat turned pale grey and the spots became visible._NEWLINE_A 1996 issue of the Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society contained an article listing 11 instances of albino, or partial-albino, leopards noted between 1905 and 1965. Most are from the Bihar and Madhya Pradesh areas of India. Unlike melanism, albinism would make a Leopard more conspicuous and a less successful predator. Being both unusual and conspicuous, albino Leopards would have fallen victim to big game hunters' guns._NEWLINE_A white, but apparently not albino, leopard cub born in Africa was sold to a zoo in Japan in the spring of 1999 and is called "Nana". Two Leopard cubs were born at the Wildlife World Zoo in Arizona; one, named "Isis" was believed to be the only white Leopard to be born in captivity. Several experts confirmed that she has white skin, though she was also described as having spots. Blood tests on Isis and her parents were planned if she thrived and if her skin remained white. Claws 'N' Paws Wild Animal Park, Pennsylvania, US, also claimed a white leopard. _START_SECTION_ White cougar _START_PARAGRAPH_ A white cougar has been photographed and was not albino but leucistic (white, but with pigmented skin and pigmented eyes). There are reports that a white cougar is displayed at the Walter Rothschild Zoological Museum, Tring, England, being the same white cougar that London Zoo bought from the animal dealer Jamrach and which lived at London Zoo from May 1848 until January 1852. In reality, however, as confirmed in December 2011 by cryptozoologists Karl Shuker and Loren Coleman, the specimen in question is not a cougar at all but is instead the above-pictured albino leopard, which is clearly labelled as such, and, as revealed by the museum's staff, was derived from Asia. Also, its leopard rosettes are readily visible. A white cougar was reported several times in 2001 at Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area and was identified from photographs and reports as an albino cougar. There is also a calico (white speckling) specimen currently on display as of July 2009 in La Bourbansais Zoo, France. A white puma was born in October 2011 at the Attica Zoological Park in Greece.

4795518483762080299

Q7996278

_START_ARTICLE_ Whitestone Branch _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ Originally conceived as a branch of the Flushing and North Side Railroad that was intended to lead into Westchester County, New York (a connection that never materialized) in 1869, it was consolidated into the Long Island Rail Road in 1876 when its owners, the Poppenhusen family, took over the bankrupt LIRR. It later became part of a subsidiary called the Long Island City and Flushing Railroad._NEWLINE_On October 12, 1912 the branch was electrified. In the 1920s the branch began to lose patronage and the LIRR sought to rid itself of the line. There was a proposal for the city-owned Independent Subway System to buy the line and incorporate it into the New York City Subway system. The deal never panned out, most likely due the numerous grade crossings that would have cost the city a large amount of money to remove. The Interstate Commerce Commission allowed the LIRR to abandon the line in 1932._NEWLINE_Most of the branch was removed, except a small section of the line leading to the Corona Yard which remained well into the 1970s when the LIRR closed the Corona Yard and turned it over to the New York City Transit Authority for subway use. Today only a small section of track remains just east of Mets–Willets Point station, branching off from the Port Washington Branch east of the station. The Flushing–Main Street station of the Port Washington Branch was so named to distinguish it from the Whitestone's Flushing–Bridge Street station. Despite the closing of the Bridge Street station, the LIRR continues to use the name "Main Street" for the Port Washington Branch station to this day._NEWLINE_A spur of the line near the Flushing River was abandoned when it went under water in 1983. Private homes have been built over the section of the line in Whitestone Landing. _START_SECTION_ Flushing Bay Freight Spur _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Flushing Bay Freight Spur was as the name implied, a freight-only spur that lead to a freight dock on Flushing Bay just west of the Flushing River delta. It began at the Whitestone Branch just north of the junction with the Port Washington Branch, then crossed a junction with a spur of the Woodside Branch leading to Great Neck Junction and the Central Branch, and a second junction with Woodside Branch that lead to the Whitestone Branch, and crossing a short bridge before finally terminating at the freight dock. No trace of the spur is known as of 2016.

14848438122060399759

Q55637632

_START_ARTICLE_ Whittier Trust Company _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Whittier family office was one of the first family offices in the United States. It was established in 1935 by Leland, Don, Helen, and Paul Whittier to manage their assets and later their philanthropic efforts. A significant percentage of the Whittier family's fortune was on paper until 1979, when Belridge Oil was sold to Shell Oil for $3.6 billion. It was the largest corporate acquisition in history at the time._NEWLINE_In 1989, Whittier Trust Company was created as a California state-chartered trust company, and began to offer investment, wealth management, fiduciary, family office and philanthropic services to other families. In 1994, an affiliate company, The Whittier Trust Company of Nevada, Inc. was formed in Reno, Nevada to take advantage of the state's favorable tax and trust laws. As of 2017, Whittier Trust managed assets of more than $11 bn. for more than 30 foundations and 340 ultra high-net-worth families._NEWLINE_Whittier Trust has offices in South Pasadena, Costa Mesa, and San Francisco, California; Reno, Nevada, Seattle, Washington and Portland Oregon. To reflect the Whittier family history, it maintains a focus on philanthropy, and remains actively involved in oil, gas, and real estate investments.

3413622624270188727

Q7996930

_START_ARTICLE_ Whittlesea railway station, Melbourne _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ Despite its proximity to Melbourne, the town of Whittlesea and the stations it served beyond the Melbourne suburban electrified area had a small population. The Whittlesea line was a branch of the Epping line diverging at South Morang. The freight service to Whittlesea was closed in the mid 1950s and the passenger service remained until the line beyond Thomastown was closed on 28 November 1959. The line was partially reopened for suburban electric trains as far Epping in the early 1960s, with the track beyond removed in 1970, although the section from Epping from South Morang has been subsequently relaid and opened in 2012. The former right-of-way remains in Victorian Government ownership with the land being classed as parklands, and the section between South Morang and Mernda reopened in 2018. _NEWLINE_The station also had a siding which connected to the Kinglake timber tramway.

6156529910718534777

Q7998352

_START_ARTICLE_ Wickes Furniture _START_SECTION_ Growth _START_PARAGRAPH_ After its founding in 1971, Wickes Furniture had grown to 43 showrooms and five distribution centers. The company had over 1,700 employees, making it one of the top 25 furniture retailers in the United States. By the early 1980s, it had grown into the United States' largest furniture retailer., but it closed nine of its then-24 stores in the wake of the 1982 bankruptcy of its parent company, Wickes Corp. After Wickes was purchased by two investment firms in 1988, Wickes Furniture was sold to a management-led group in 1989._NEWLINE_In 1998, Taiwan-based Master Home Furniture purchased Wickes Furniture; the company went into receivership in 2000 when Master Home Furniture defaulted on its bank debt. In 2002, Sun Capital Partners teamed with an affiliate of the furniture chain Rooms To Go to purchase Wickes Furniture from Master Home. In 2004, Sun Capital bought out Rooms To Go's interest in Wickes._NEWLINE_In March 2004, John Disa was hired as president and CEO of Wickes Furniture by private investment firm Sun Capital Partners. Before he joined Wickes, he spent most of his career in athletic shoe businesses. _START_SECTION_ Bankruptcy and liquidation _START_PARAGRAPH_ In May 2007, Wickes Furniture announced it would close five stores in Minnesota and a Brooklyn Center distribution center, as part of its plan to focus its resources in expanding into markets in California, Chicago, Portland, and Las Vegas._NEWLINE_In mid-to-late 2007, however, the furniture industry was hit hard by the high cost of fuel prices and subprime lending markets. Wickes Furniture filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on February 3, 2008. At that time, Wickes operated 38 stores. The company listed debts of more than $50 million and assets of less than $50,000._NEWLINE_On February 14, 2008, it was announced by Richard Clausing, the company's chief financial officer, that Wickes Furniture needed a buyer or an investor by February 25, 2008 to recapitalize the company and to keep from shutting its doors due to a deadline set by the court and creditors. None of them came forward, so Wickes, with bankruptcy court approval, commenced its liquidation sales in March 2008, and closed all of its remaining stores._NEWLINE_On January 1, 2012 Wickes Furniture reopened and rebranded as Wyckes Furniture.

12100341649828311489

Q3577618

_START_ARTICLE_ Widmead Lock _START_PARAGRAPH_ Widmead Lock is a lock on the Kennet and Avon Canal, between Newbury and Thatcham, Berkshire, England._NEWLINE_Widmead Lock was built between 1718 and 1723 under the supervision of the engineer John Hore of Newbury. The canal is administered by the Canal & River Trust. The lock has a rise/fall of 3 ft 7 in (1.09 m).

2955870462567404639

Q22341285

_START_ARTICLE_ Widowville, Ohio _START_PARAGRAPH_ Widowville is an unincorporated community in Ashland County, in the U.S. state of Ohio. _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ A post office was established at Widowville in 1890, and remained in operation until 1903. According to tradition, Widowville was so named on account of there being many Civil War widows who lived there.

14721860112340833912

Q10531945

_START_ARTICLE_ Wiesensteig witch trial _START_PARAGRAPH_ Wiesensteig witch trial took place in Wiesensteig in Germany in 1562–1563. It led to the execution of 67 women for sorcery. This has been described as the first of the great witch trials of Germany and the starting point of the continuing European witch hunt. The trial inspired to the popular book : Of the tricks of Demons, which were printed in six expanded editions in Latin between 1562 and 1583 and translated to French in 1565. It was recorded in 1563 in a pamphlet called "True and Horrifying Deeds of 63 Witches". _START_SECTION_ The trial _START_PARAGRAPH_ In the mid-16th century, Wiesensteig suffered from religious turmoil, war, severe hail storms and epidemics. The ruler of the city, Count Ulrich von Helfenstein, started to blame the misfortunes of the city on witches._NEWLINE_On August 3, 1562, a severe hailstorm hit the city and the damages were extensive. Within a couple of days, Helfenstein had several women arrested and accused of witchcraft, an action which appears to have been met with approval. Six of the arrested women were executed as witches. They were made to confess to sorcery through torture. A number of these claimed to have seen citizens of Esslingen at their Sabbath. Three people were arrested in Esslingen, but later released._NEWLINE_Helfenstein was appalled at the lenience in Esslingen. He executed another forty-one women from Wiesensteig. On December 2, 1562, he approved the additional execution of 20 more. This amounted to the total reported in a sensational pamphlet of 1563, which described as: the true and terrible acts and deeds of the sixty-three witches and sorceresses who were burned at Wiesensteig._NEWLINE_There have been debates of the religious convictions of Ulrich von Helfensten in regards to the witch hunt: he was originally Catholic, a Lutheran during the trial and converted to Catholicism in 1567, which thereby also turned the religion of the city. Wiesensteig experienced more witch trials in 1583 (25 dead), 1605 (14 dead), 1611 (5 dead).

8907539644559314304

Q8000250

_START_ARTICLE_ Wilbur Wong Yan Choy _START_PARAGRAPH_ Wilbur Wong Yan Choy (Chinese: 黃彥才; pinyin: Huáng Yàncái; born May 28, 1918) is a retired Bishop of the United Methodist Church, elected in 1972. He is the first Asian American elected a U.M. Bishop. _START_SECTION_ Birth and Family _START_PARAGRAPH_ Wilbur was born 28 May 1918 in Stockton, California, the son of Lie Yen and Ida Lee Choy. He married Grace Ying Hom 26 September 1940 (she died 26 December 1977). They have four children: Randolph W., Jonathan W., Phyllis W. (Mrs. LeRoy Seibert), and Donnell W. _START_SECTION_ Education _START_PARAGRAPH_ Wilbur earned the A.A. degree from Stockton Junior College (1944); the B.A. degree from the College of the Pacific (1946); and the Bachelor of Divinity degree from the Pacific School of Religion (1949). Bishop Choy also holds honorary doctorates from the Pacific School of Religion (D.D., 1969) and the University of Puget Sound. _START_SECTION_ Ordained ministry _START_PARAGRAPH_ While a college and seminary student, Wilbur served as Associate Pastor of the Chinese Methodist Church in Stockton. He was ordained Deacon by Bishop James Chamberlain Baker in 1946. Following seminary Wilbur was ordained Elder by Bishop Donald Tippett, joining the California-Oriental Provisional Conference, continuing to serve the church in Stockton._NEWLINE_In 1954 Rev. Choy was appointed to serve St. Mark's Methodist Church, Stockton, in the California-Nevada Annual Conference. He later held pastorates in Woodland and Sacramento, California, as well. In 1967 he served as Chaplain of the California Senate. In 1969 Rev. Choy was appointed Superintendent of the Bay View District. _START_SECTION_ Episcopal ministry _START_PARAGRAPH_ Rev. Choy was elected to the Episcopacy by the 1972 Western Jurisdictional Conference of the U.M. Church. He was assigned to the Seattle Episcopal Area, serving eight years. He was then assigned the San Francisco Episcopal Area, where he served for four years. He was President of the Council of Bishops of the U.M. Church, 1983-84. Bishop Choy also was a member of the Executive Committee of the National Conference of Chinese Churches._NEWLINE_Bishop Choy was an active member of the Board of Trustees of the Pacific School of Religion from 1970 until 1984. As such, he worked to strengthen the School's focus on Pacific Basin cross-cultural dialogue, diversity and excellence in ministry. Bishop Wilbur W.Y. Choy was named a Distinguished Alumni/ae of the Pacific School of Religion in 1997._NEWLINE_Bishop Choy retired in 1984.

8040997068037981675

Q8000431

_START_ARTICLE_ Wild, Wild Women _START_SECTION_ Outline _START_PARAGRAPH_ This period sitcom, set in 1902, was a variation of The Rag Trade, which was also written by Chesney and Wolfe. Barbara Windsor, who also starred in The Rag Trade, played Millie, a cockney woman who led the women in a milliner's shop. The storylines focused around the conflict between the female workers and the management, Mr Harcourt and his apprentice Albert. Reflecting the mood of Britain in the late 1960s, the women adopted a new feisty spirit not seen in most characters in The Rag Trade. In the pilot the women were shown as strong supporters of the suffragette movement, but it was decided not to make much of this in the series._NEWLINE_The series failed to attract the same popularity as The Rag Trade, and was decommissioned after the first series. Only episode 3 still exists.

2057931332985897252

Q8000786

_START_ARTICLE_ Wild Rose Brewery _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ Wild Rose Brewery was founded in 1996 by Mike Tymchuk and Alan Yule. The brewery was initially located in Foothills Industrial Park, and only produced draught beer for sale in bars. In 2002 the brewery began bottling beer in 1 L flip-top bottles._NEWLINE_In 2006 the brewery moved to Building AF23 at Currie Barracks. The building, a Quonset hut originally built as a clothing supply store, was renovated to include not only the brewery but also the Taproom—an on-site pub. Upon having moved to the new location the brewery also expanded their business into bottling their products in 341 mL bottles._NEWLINE_The brewery's increased popularity and doubts whether their lease at Currie Barracks would be renewed prompted the company to relocate the bulk of their production to a new location in Foothills Industrial Park (less than 1 km from Big Rock Brewery) in 2013. Their most popular beers are produced at the new facility, while certain seasonal and limited edition beers are still produced in small batches at the Currie Barracks facility, and rotating "Tap Room Cask" and "Brewers Tap" beers are available on tap only at the Taproom._NEWLINE_In the spring of 2015 Wild Rose began packaging their beers in cans for the first time._NEWLINE_In 2019, shareholders of Wild Rose Brewery voted to accept a takeover offer from Sleeman Breweries, which is itself owned by Sapporo Breweries of Japan. Due to its loss of independent ownership, Wild Rose was immediately removed from the Alberta Small Brewers Association. _START_SECTION_ Accolades _START_PARAGRAPH_ Wild Rose's Cherry Porter has been recognized as a top beer by several books including 1001 Beers You Must Taste Before You Die and World's Best Beers: One Thousand Craft Brews from Cask to Glass_NEWLINE_It was also the only Alberta brewery to be recognized at the 2008 Canadian Brewing Awards, winner of two silver medals for its wheat beer (Velvet Fog) and its barley wine. The brewery also received two bronze medals at the 2015 Canadian Brewing Awards for Electric Avenue lager and Natural Born Keller kellerbier._NEWLINE_The Taproom has been voted FFWD Magazine Best Brew Pub, Best Local Brew many times since 2007.

16954608498558432855

Q25305116

_START_ARTICLE_ Wild number _START_PARAGRAPH_ Originally, wild numbers are the numbers supposed to belong to a fictional sequence of numbers imagined to exist in the mathematical world of the mathematical fiction The Wild Numbers authored by Philibert Schogt, a Dutch philosopher and mathematician. Even though Schogt has given a definition of the wild number sequence in his novel, it is couched in a deliberately imprecise language that the definition turns out to be no definition at all. However, the author claims that the first few members of the sequence are 11, 67, 2, 4769, 67. Later, inspired by this wild and erratic behaviour of the fictional wild numbers, American mathematician J. C. Lagarias used the terminology to describe a precisely defined sequence of integers which shows somewhat similar wild and erratic behaviour. Lagaria's wild numbers are connected with the Collatz conjecture and the concept of the 3x + 1 semigroup. The original fictional sequence of wild numbers has found a place in the On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. _START_SECTION_ Real wild numbers _START_PARAGRAPH_ In mathematics, the multiplicative semigroup, denoted by W₀, generated by the set is called the Wooley semigroup in honour of the American mathematician Trevor D. Wooley. The multiplicative semigroup, denoted by W, generated by the set is called the wild semigroup. The set of integers in W₀ is itself a multiplicative semigroup. It is called the Wooley integer semigroup and members of this semigroup are called Wooley integers. Similarly, the set of integers in W is itself a multiplicative semigroup. It is called the wild integer semigroup and members of this semigroup are called wild numbers. _START_SECTION_ The wild numbers in OEIS _START_PARAGRAPH_ The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS) has an entry with the identifying number A058883 relating to the wild numbers. According to OEIS, "apparently these are completely fictional and there is no mathematical explanation". However, the OEIS has some entries relating to pseudo-wild numbers carrying well-defined mathematical explanations.

10312097938568684812

Q1515350

_START_ARTICLE_ Wilder, Idaho _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ Wilder was established in 1919, and was named for Marshall P. Wilder, a magazine editor. _START_SECTION_ Geography _START_PARAGRAPH_ Wilder is located at 43°40′35″N 116°54′36″W (43.676451, -116.910122)._NEWLINE_According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.74 square miles (1.92 km²), of which, 0.73 square miles (1.89 km²) is land and 0.01 square miles (0.03 km²) is water. _START_SECTION_ 2010 census _START_PARAGRAPH_ As of the census of 2010, there were 1,533 people, 453 households, and 353 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,100.0 inhabitants per square mile (810.8/km²). There were 501 housing units at an average density of 686.3 per square mile (265.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 44.6% White, 0.2% African American, 1.8% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 51.1% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 75.9% of the population._NEWLINE_There were 453 households of which 52.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.1% were married couples living together, 16.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 22.1% were non-families. 18.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.38 and the average family size was 3.89._NEWLINE_The median age in the city was 27 years. 37.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.6% were from 25 to 44; 18.2% were from 45 to 64; and 9.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.7% male and 51.3% female. _START_SECTION_ 2000 census _START_PARAGRAPH_ As of the census of 2000, there were 1,462 people, 389 households, and 315 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,885.7 people per square mile (1,485.5/km²). There were 421 housing units at an average density of 1,118.9 per square mile (427.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 33.99% White, 0.21% African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.27% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 62.93% from other races, and 2.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 76.40% of the population._NEWLINE_There were 389 households out of which 52.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.6% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.0% were non-families. 17.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.76 and the average family size was 4.30._NEWLINE_In the city, the population was spread out with 39.2% under the age of 18, 13.3% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 15.1% from 45 to 64, and 7.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.7 males._NEWLINE_The median income for a household in the city was $21,731, and the median income for a family was $25,625. Males had a median income of $22,188 versus $16,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $7,601. About 27.7% of families and 31.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 37.4% of those under age 18 and 26.3% of those age 65 or over. _START_SECTION_ Economy _START_PARAGRAPH_ Wilder has a meat processing plant, SSI, manufacturing frozen individual serving hamburgers and french fries. Wilder is primarily an agricultural community, with onions, hops, seed corn, beans and alfalfa seed among the major crops.

6132173419001097179

Q19956349

_START_ARTICLE_ Wilfredo Boscán _START_SECTION_ Texas Rangers _START_PARAGRAPH_ Boscán played in the Texas Rangers organization from the 2007 season to the 2012 season. _START_SECTION_ San Diego Padres _START_PARAGRAPH_ Boscán played in the San Diego Padres organization during the 2013 season. He became a free agent after the season. _START_SECTION_ Boston Red Sox _START_PARAGRAPH_ Boscán played in the Boston Red Sox organization during the 2014 season. He became a free agent after the season. _START_SECTION_ Pittsburgh Pirates _START_PARAGRAPH_ He signed with the Pittsburgh Pirates before the 2015 season._NEWLINE_Boscán was called up to the majors for the first time on May 16, 2015. He was then called up a second time on July 12, 2015, and a third time on July 19, 2015. Each time, he was optioned to the AAA Indianapolis Indians before getting the opportunity to make his MLB debut. He was designated for assignment on August 7, 2015, after Deolis Guerra's waiver claim was voided due to injury. _START_SECTION_ Atlanta Braves _START_PARAGRAPH_ Boscán made his major league debut against the Atlanta Braves on May 19, 2016, after receiving his fourth call-up. He recorded his first career win and hit on May 23 against the Colorado Rockies._NEWLINE_Boscán was claimed off waivers by the Atlanta Braves on August 10, 2016. He was released on August 27, 2016. He elected free agency on November 6, 2017. _START_SECTION_ Tigres de Quintana Roo _START_PARAGRAPH_ On April 25, 2019, Boscán signed with the Tigres de Quintana Roo of the Mexican League.

4027412764360014237

Q109441

_START_ARTICLE_ Wilhelm Albert (SS officer) _START_PARAGRAPH_ Karl Wilhelm Albert (8 September 1898 in Hessenthal– 21 April 1960 in Erndtebrück) was a German SS officer. _START_SECTION_ Biography _START_PARAGRAPH_ Albert was the son of a teacher. After his primary and secondary studies, he fought in the First World War as a soldier. Later he participated in battles fought by the Freikorps. He trained as an electrical engineer and earned his Doktoringenieur._NEWLINE_Albert joined the NSDAP on 1 May 1932 (no. 1,122,215) and the SS on 1 August 1932 (no. 36,189), and began working for the Sicherheitsdienst (SD), the intelligence service of the SS._NEWLINE_In autumn 1933, as an SS-Sturmführer, Albert was entrusted with the direction of the SD-Oberabschnitt West section of the SD, located in Düsseldorf, and later the Oberabschnitt Rhein section, located in Frankfurt. In 1935, he succeeded Werner Best as the chief of staff and the organization of the central administration of the SD._NEWLINE_After the reorganization of the SD in January 1936, Albert took over the management of one of its three bureaus, the newly created Amt I (Administration). This promotion made him one of the five leaders highest in the hierarchy, along with Reinhard Heydrich, Werner Best, Heinz Jost and Franz Six. After the founding of the SS-Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA), Albert took over the Central Section I (staff, administration, organization)._NEWLINE_In April 1939, Albert was promoted to SS-Brigadeführer. In 1939, he was appointed along with Werner Best, Walter Schellenberg and Kurt Pomme as director of the Stiftung Nordhav._NEWLINE_During World War II, Albert was chief of police in Litzmannstadt (Łódź). After his replacement in 1944, he became the successor to the district president Hans Burkhardt in the district Hohensalza in Reichsgau Wartheland._NEWLINE_After the war, Albert was interned until 1947. He was never heard in the Federal Republic of Germany in connection with Nazi crimes until his death.

6205724834281332761

Q96133

_START_ARTICLE_ Wilhelm von Kardorff _START_PARAGRAPH_ Wilhelm von Kardorff (8 January 1828 in Neustrelitz – 21 July 1907) was a German landowner and politician who supported the Free Conservative Party. From the founding of the North German Confederation in 1867 until his death he was one of the most influential members of his party._NEWLINE_He was educated at Heidelberg and Halle, where he fought 31 duels. He joined the Prussian civil service in the late 1840s and during the next decade purchased large estates in Silesia._NEWLINE_He greatly admired Otto von Bismarck and enjoyed a close friendship with him. Following the Panic of 1873 and the consequent economic depression, Kardorff campaigned for the restoration of protectionism, founding the Central Association of German Industrialists in 1876. This campaign was successful, with Bismarck passing a tariff in 1879. G. P. Gooch considered this the greatest achievement of Kardorff's career._NEWLINE_Kardorff was the Reichstag's primary expert on economic affairs. His economic ideas were influenced by Henry Charles Carey and he fought unsuccessfully for the adoption of bimetallism, persuading the Reichstag but not the British, who favoured gold. He also opposed Leo von Caprivi's commercial treaties that led to freer trade and campaigned for higher tariff rates, succeeding in 1902.

14771392535305578907

Q8002622

_START_ARTICLE_ Wilksch Airmotive _START_PARAGRAPH_ Wilksch Airmotive Ltd is a UK-based company which designs and manufactures compression-ignition engines for light aircraft. Wilksch engines run on jet fuel, which is cheaper and more widely available than avgas. The company, founded in 1994, manufactures two-stroke compression ignition engines. In a maiden flight in a Piper J-3 Cub on 21 November 1997, an 80-horsepower 2-cylinder prototype engine became the first two-stroke diesel aircraft engine to fly in over 50 years._NEWLINE_The company then concentrated on developing a three-cylinder 120 hp WAM engine, which first flew in December 1999. In 2005 the Wilksch company announced a manufacturing deal with Lister Petter — effectively the WAM (Wilksch Air Motive) company would lease space, but would actually manufacture at the Lister Petter factory in Gloucestershire, UK. In the following 18 months some 40 engines were made; to date it is believed that about 20 have flown in kit built aircraft in places as far apart as Brazil, the United States, Sweden, Germany, France and the UK._NEWLINE_In 2006 the company faced financial difficulties — not uncommon with such high tech/high design demand scenarios._NEWLINE_Wilksch Airmotive moved into premises at Gloucestershire Airport at the end of 2007 where they are continuing to develop their diesel engines. They have test cells in which they run the engines to JAR cycles. WAM moved to a low volume production regime of the existing design and returned to development with the aim of creating the next generation of engines, namely a larger capacity version of the three-cylinder engine and (in due course) a four-cylinder version. _NEWLINE_In 2005 Mark Wilksch reduced his equity stake in Wilksch Airmotive and handed control to an investor group consisting of Mike Newton, Patrick Head and John Murray. Headed by Mike Newton, the Company continued to work on Indirect Injection (IDI) versions of the "WAM" engine while Mark Wilksch separately concentrated on Direct Injection (DI) concepts. More recently, Mike Newton has announced a restructuring of the assets into a new corporate entity with revised ownership as part of Apple Tree Innovation Ltd and the relocation of the assets to Cheshire.

4076750229398070074

Q8003297

_START_ARTICLE_ Willamette Mission State Park _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ The park is the site of the Willamette Mission, established in 1834 by Jason Lee, who traveled to the area to convert Native Americans in the Oregon Country to Christianity. The missionaries built a one-room house that served as a school, chapel, hospital, and living quarters. They later added onto the house and built a barn. In September 1837, more missionaries arrived and built a blacksmith shop, granary, and a hospital, and a building that doubled as a school and a dining hall; the ensuing settlement became known as Mission Bottom. The mission later moved in 1840 to Salem (known then as Chemeketa). In a flood in 1861, the mission site was extensively damaged, and the Willamette River changed its course. The mission site is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the "Willamette Station Site, Methodist Mission in Oregon". A "ghost structure" marks the location of the mission. _START_SECTION_ Details _START_PARAGRAPH_ Located along the east bank of the Willamette River, the 1,680-acre (6.8 km²) park contains eight miles (13 km) of hiking trails along the river. The park is home to what might be the largest black cottonwood in the United States. The Willamette Mission Cottonwood was designated an Oregon Heritage Tree by the Oregon Heritage Tree Committee.

1806778254378992727

Q8003434

_START_ARTICLE_ Willard Ives _START_PARAGRAPH_ Willard Ives (July 7, 1806 – April 19, 1896) was a U.S. Representative from New York._NEWLINE_Born in Watertown, New York, Ives attended the common schools, also Belleville (New York) Academy, and Lowville (New York) Academy._NEWLINE_He engaged in agricultural pursuits and was also interested in banking._NEWLINE_He served as a delegate to the world convention of Methodists held in London, England, in 1846._NEWLINE_He was an unsuccessful candidate for election to the Thirtieth Congress in 1848._NEWLINE_Ives was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-second Congress (March 4, 1851 – March 3, 1853)._NEWLINE_He served as president of Ives Seminary, Antwerp, New York, which he endowed._NEWLINE_He was one of the originators and organizers of Syracuse University and served on the board of trustees in 1870–1886._NEWLINE_He resumed agricultural pursuits._NEWLINE_He died in Watertown, New York, April 19, 1896._NEWLINE_He was interred in Brookside Cemetery._NEWLINE_Ives Seminary is named for him._NEWLINE_(**Note Biographical Directory erroneously lists Willard Ives as having served in the New York Assembly in 1829–30, when it was, in fact, Ives' father, Dr. Titus Ives (d. 1847), who served)

3225646621592068603

Q185621

_START_ARTICLE_ William Adams (locomotive engineer) _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ Adams was born on 15 October 1823 in Mill Place, Limehouse, London, where his father was resident engineer of the nearby East and West India Docks Company. After private schooling in Margate, Kent he was apprenticed to his father's works. The railway surveyor Charles Vignoles had previously worked on the construction of the London dock basins and this association then secured a position for Adams as an assistant in his drawing office. The final years of apprenticeship were spent at the Orchard Wharf works of Miller & Ravenhill, builders of engines for steamships._NEWLINE_In 1848 Adams became assistant works manager for Philip Taylor, an ironfounder, millwright and former assistant to Marc Brunel, who had set up workshops in Marseilles and Genoa to build and install marine engines. Fluent in French and Italian, Adams soon found himself effectively the superintendent engineer for the Royal Sardinian Navy, although still nominally working for Taylor. (The Kingdom of Sardinia then encompassed Genoa and much of what is now north-west Italy.) In 1852 he married Isabella Park, the daughter of another English millwright working in Genoa, and returned to England._NEWLINE_On his return to England Adams initially worked as a surveyor: considering possible routes for a railway on the Isle of Wight, overseeing construction work at Cardiff Docks and planning and equipping new workshops at Bow for the East & West India Docks & Birmingham Junction Railway, soon to change its name to the North London Railway. This led to his appointment as the company's locomotive engineer in 1854, a post he held for eighteen years. Here he introduced his noted series of 4-4-0 tank engines, the first to use the laterally-sprung bogie, and the first continuous train brake._NEWLINE_In 1873 Adams took up a similar position with the nearby Great Eastern Railway (GER). There he did not well appreciate the different requirements of the line, a far-flung concern compared with the North London, and his locomotive designs for the company were found to be underpowered for main-line work. However his refitting of the company's Stratford works using modern, standardised equipment saved a great deal of money and, when he left for the London and South Western Railway in 1878, his reputation was intact._NEWLINE_Adams produced five locomotive designs for the GER, including two sizes of suburban passenger tank engine, an express passenger class, and a design for heavy coal traffic. This last, the 527 class, was the first 2-6-0 to be built for service in Britain, although they did not enter service until his successor Massey Bromley had taken office and incorporated some modifications to the design._NEWLINE_On the LSWR he designed 524 locomotives, supervised the expansion of Nine Elms Works and the transfer of the Carriage and Wagon Works to Eastleigh. Failing health forced his retirement on 29 May 1895 whilst living in Carlton House on Putney Hill. He lived elsewhere in Putney until his death on 7 August 1904.

10792388485260612094

Q1509888

_START_ARTICLE_ William Alanson Howard _START_PARAGRAPH_ William Alanson Howard (April 8, 1813 – April 10, 1880) served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Michigan from March 4, 1855 to March 3, 1859 and from May 15, 1860 to March 3, 1861. Howard was the sixth Governor of the Dakota Territory from 1878 to 1880. _START_SECTION_ Biography _START_PARAGRAPH_ William Howard was born at Hinesburg, Vermont. When he was fourteen, Howard apprenticed to a cabinet maker at Albion, New York. He graduated from Middlebury College at Middlebury, Vermont in 1839. Howard taught school before moving to Michigan for health reasons. Howard spent a year teaching mathematics at the University of Michigan. Then, Howard studied law and was admitted to the Michigan bar in 1842 before practicing law in Detroit. In 1850 he was a lead defense attorney for those accused of plotting the burning of the Michigan Central Depot in Detroit._NEWLINE_In 1854, Howard was elected as an Opposition Party candidate to represent Michigan's 1st congressional district in the 34th Congress, and was re-elected two years later. He successfully contested the election in 1859 of George B. Cooper to the 36th Congress and served from May 15, 1860, until March 3, 1861; was not a candidate for renomination in 1860_NEWLINE_After leaving Congress, he became Chairman of the Michigan Republican Party from 1862 to 1868. From 1869 to 1871, Howard served as land commissioner of the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railway. In 1871, Howard ran unsuccessfully as a Republican candidate for the United States Senate. From 1872 to 1878, Howard was the land commissioner of the North Pacific Railway._NEWLINE_In 1878, Howard was appointed as Governor of Dakota Territory by President Rutherford B. Hayes. The appointment was approved April 12, 1878. At the age of sixty-six, Howard came to Dakota Territory and served as Governor until the time of his death, spending the last part of his life residing in Yankton, Dakota Territory. Howard died in Washington, DC.

11874096028230573072

Q27929703

_START_ARTICLE_ William B. Rossow _START_PARAGRAPH_ William B. Rossow is an American atmospheric scientist, who was for many years the head of the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project . He is currently a Distinguished Professor at City University of New York, and also a published author. He is a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union and American Mathematical Society.

11059767111363556383

Q8004915

_START_ARTICLE_ William Baer (antitrust lawyer) _START_SECTION_ Early life and education _START_PARAGRAPH_ Born in Baraboo, Wisconsin, Baer earned a bachelor's degree in 1972 from Lawrence University and a law degree from Stanford Law School in 1975. _START_SECTION_ Professional career _START_PARAGRAPH_ Upon graduating law school in 1975, Baer took a job with the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) where he held positions as Assistant General Counsel and Director of Congressional Relations; Attorney Advisor to the Chairman; Assistant to the Director, Bureau of Consumer Protection; and Trial Attorney, Bureau of Consumer Protection._NEWLINE_Baer left the FTC in 1980 to join the law firm Arnold & Porter. He was an associate at the firm from 1980 until 1984, when he became a partner. He remained a partner at Arnold & Porter until 1995, and among his higher-profile cases was successfully defending General Electric against price-fixing accusations in the 1990s._NEWLINE_In 1995, Baer left Arnold & Porter to rejoin the FTC as the director of its Bureau of Competition. Baer left the FTC in October 1999._NEWLINE_In January 2000, Baer returned to Arnold & Porter as a partner. In his practice, he represented a broad range of firms in U.S. and cartel investigations, mergers and acquisitions reviews, and antitrust litigation. Baer held that role until his retirement in 2012. Per his disclosure when joining the U.S. Department of Justice in 2012 Baer continues to receive payments from Arnold & Porter until 2025 as part of his retirement package._NEWLINE_In 2012 Baer became assistant attorney general for the antitrust division in the Justice Department. _START_SECTION_ Assistant Attorney General _START_PARAGRAPH_ On February 6, 2012, President Obama nominated Baer to serve as Assistant Attorney General for the Antitrust Division, filling the slot vacated by Christine A. Varney. During his hearings before the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary in July 2012, Baer told senators that he felt that the Antitrust Division had been "well run in recent years." However, his nomination stalled in the second half of 2012 after some Republican senators said they did not like something discovered in Baer's background check._NEWLINE_On September 20, 2012, Baer's nomination was voted out of committee to the full U.S. Senate in a 12–5 vote. On December 30, 2012, the full U.S. Senate confirmed Baer in a 64–26 vote, with all votes against him coming from Republicans._NEWLINE_The first case for Baer to oversee in June 2013 was a trial that the Division filed accusing book publishers of conspiring with Apple to fix the prices of e-books. The Justice Department contends that since the trial, the average price of best-selling e-books has dropped to about $6 from $12.99 before._NEWLINE_On March 1, 2016 Baer filed an Antitrust Division indictment against oilman Aubrey McClendon alleging conspiracy to fix bidding on freehold oil and natural gas leases. The following day McClendon drove his vehicle at high speed into a bridge embankment in Oklahoma City and died instantly in what the police ruled an accidental death. On March 3, 2016 the Justice Department withdrew the charges. _START_SECTION_ Associate Attorney General _START_PARAGRAPH_ On April 17, 2016, Baer became acting Associate Attorney General, a position he held until January 20, 2017. _START_SECTION_ Personal life _START_PARAGRAPH_ After leaving government, Baer returned to Arnold & Porter. Baer is a resident of Bethesda, Maryland.

6206986465840746973

Q27881358

_START_ARTICLE_ William Buller (cricketer) _START_PARAGRAPH_ William Charles Buller (23 November 1812 – 26 August 1875) was an English first-class cricketer active 1833–39 who played for Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). He was born in St Gluvias, Cornwall and died in Camden Town. He appeared in six first-class matches.

4676549774584810769

Q8006219

_START_ARTICLE_ William Butler (cricketer) _START_PARAGRAPH_ William Butler (8 November 1871 – 19 August 1953) was a New Zealand cricketer who played for Otago. He was born and died in Dunedin._NEWLINE_Butler made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1901-02 season, against Hawke's Bay. From the opening order, he scored 2 runs in the only innings in which he batted, as Otago won the match by an innings margin._NEWLINE_Between 1921 and 1937, Butler umpired eighteen first-class matches in New Zealand and two Test matches.

15484605011778766708

Q8006250

_START_ARTICLE_ William Byron, 4th Baron Byron _START_SECTION_ Life _START_PARAGRAPH_ Byron was the son of William Byron, 3rd Baron Byron and the Hon. Elizabeth Chaworth. He succeeded to the title of 4th Baron Byron in 1695 upon the death of his father._NEWLINE_Lord Byron died on 8 August 1736, and was succeeded by his fourth (but oldest surviving) son William Byron, 5th Baron Byron (born 1722).

15132903410735281658

Q8006683

_START_ARTICLE_ William Champneys _START_SECTION_ Early life _START_PARAGRAPH_ He was the eldest son of the Rev. William Betton Champneys, B.C.L. of St John's College, Oxford, by his marriage with Martha, daughter of Montague Stable, of Kentish Town. He was born in Camden Town, St Pancras, London, 6 April 1807, and was educated by the Rev. Richard Povah, rector of St James's, Duke's Place, city of London, and having matriculated from Brasenose College, Oxford, on 3 July 1824, was soon after elected to a scholarship. He took his B.A. degree in 1828, and his M.A. in 1831. _START_SECTION_ Life work _START_PARAGRAPH_ He was then ordained to the curacy of Dorchester on Thames near Oxford, whence he was transferred three months afterwards to the curacy of St Ebbe's Church, Oxford, and in the same year was admitted a fellow of his college. In this parish he established national schools, the first that were founded in the city, and during the severe visitation of the cholera in 1832 he assiduously devoted himself to the sick._NEWLINE_Later he held incumbencies at Whitechapel and St Pancras; and was a Canon of St Paul's Cathedral from 1851. _NEWLINE_He was in 1837, appointed rector of St Mary's, Whitechapel, a parish containing thirty-three thousand people, where, mainly through his personal exertions in the course of a short time, three new churches were built. _NEWLINE_Here also he erected schools for boys and girls, and a special school for infants; but finding that many children could not attend in consequence of being in want of suitable apparel, he set up a school of a lower grade, which was practically the first ragged school opened in the metropolis. _NEWLINE_In connection with the district he founded a provident society, assisted in the commencement of a shoeblack brigade, with a refuge and an industrial home for the boys, and co-operated with others in the work of building the Whitechapel Foundation Commercial School. _NEWLINE_He was the originator of a local association for the promotion, health, and comfort of the industrial classes, and also of the Church of England Young Men's Society, the first association of young men for religious purposes and mutual improvement which was seen in Whitechapel._NEWLINE_The London coal-whippers were indebted to him for the establishment of an office, under an act of parliament in 1843, where alone they could be legally hired, instead of as before being obliged to wait in public-houses. His principles were evangelical and catholic. His sermons attracted working men by plain appeals to their good sense and right feeling. On 3 Nov. 1851, on the recommendation of Lord John Russell, he was appointed to a canonry in St Paul's, and the dean and chapter of that cathedral in 1860 gave him the vicarage of St Pancras, a benefice at one time held by his grandfather._NEWLINE_The rectory of Whitechapel had been held by him during twenty-three years, and on his removal he received many valuable testimonials and universal expressions of regret at his departure. He was named dean of Lichfield on 11 November 1868; attached to the deanery was the rectory of Tatenhill, and his first act was to increase the stipend of the curate of that rectory from £100 to £600 a year, and to expend another 600l. in rebuilding the chancel of the church. _START_SECTION_ Family _START_PARAGRAPH_ He married on 20 March 1838, Mary Anne, fourth daughter of the goldsmith and silversmith Paul Storr, of Beckenham, Kent. His seven children included the distinguished physician Francis Champneys, the architect and author Basil Champneys and the rowing clergyman Weldon Champneys. _START_SECTION_ Death _START_PARAGRAPH_ He died at the deanery, Lichfield, on 4 February 1875, and was buried in the cathedral yard on 9 February.

2955703050642723534

Q8006905

_START_ARTICLE_ William Cline Borden _START_PARAGRAPH_ William Cline Borden (1858–1934) was an American surgeon who was a key planner behind the Walter Reed Army Medical Center. Borden was also dean of the School of Medicine at George Washington University._NEWLINE_According to the medical center website, Borden "was the initiator, planner and effective mover for the creation, location, and first congressional support of the medical center." For this reason, it is still referred to today as "Borden's dream." _NEWLINE_In 1909 Borden was named dean of the School of Medicine and Health Sciences at George Washington University. He was awarded an honorary doctor of science degree from that institution in 1931._NEWLINE_In 1992, the Center of Excellence in Military Medical Research and Education was renamed the Borden Institute in his honor.

4427231606274109072

Q8008432

_START_ARTICLE_ William Edward Frank Britten _START_PARAGRAPH_ William Edward Frank Britten (1848  – 1916) was a British painter and illustrator. It is known that he worked in London, England starting in 1873 and that he stayed in the city until at least 1890. Britten's work ranged in style from to traditional Victorian to Pre-Raphaelite, and his artistic medium ranged from paintings to book illustrations. His paintings have mostly been praised by critics with his illustrations having been treated as either neutral or favourable by reviewers. _START_SECTION_ Biography _START_PARAGRAPH_ William Edward Frank Britten was born in 1848 in Lambeth, London to William Goodwyn Price Britten and Ellen Eliza Richardson. On 23 July 1866, he was admitted to the Royal Academy of Arts in Piccadilly, London, as a probationer and on 3 January 1867 he was accepted as a student. He began to flourish as a painter after 1873, when he began to hold exhibitions for his works at the Royal Society of British Artists. He worked on designs for six of the eight spandrels under the Dome of St Paul's Cathedral in London, including drawing the cartoons for three of the prophets, Jeremiah, Ezekiel and Daniel, after the death of the artist, Alfred Stevens, who had originally been commissioned to draw them but only completed Isaiah. Britten was also approached to provide designs for the remaining four spandrels - representing the four evangelists, the first of which, St Matthew, had been completed to Watts' design in 1866. Once again, Britten completed the scheme - this time passing off some of the work as his own, rather than Watts's. In April 1883, Sir Charles Dilke ordered from Mr. W. E. F. Britten, the painter, whom Leighton had commended to him, a portrait of his brother Ashton who had recently died. It "proved to be very good". In 1891, Britten had Charles Voysey (architect) design a studio for him at 17 St Dunstans Road, London W6 8RD. This building is recognised as one of Voysey's first and best Arts and Crafts buildings and is still extant. Britten spent most of his time working in London and worked as an illustrator and a contributor to magazines. It is known that he was working in the Pimlico area in 1890. There is a suggestion that he worked in Russia for a period on a commission for the Czar, but no firm evidence of this has been found. In c.1912 Britten was giving instruction at the Glasgow School of Art: "Professor W. E. F. Britten superintends figure and landscape composition". He was married twice; in 1873 to Rebecca Ling (1853-1901) and in 1901 to Rachel Alice Kime (1870-1950); he had four children, two from each marriage. Britten died in 1916 in Kingston, Surrey, England. _START_SECTION_ Critical reception _START_PARAGRAPH_ A contemporary review by Alfred Baldry, in referring to the ceiling panel work Britten created for the South Kensington Museum, says that they "deserve to be praised as true decorations properly conceived and rightly managed." Another contemporary review by Rose Sketchy says that Britten uses a wash technique "with fluency, as is shown by his successful illustrations to Mr. Swinburne's 'Carols of the Year' in the 'Magazine of Art' in 1892-93. Since that time his version of 'Undine,' and illustrations to Tennyson's 'Early Poems,' have shown the same power of graceful composition and sympathey with his subject."_NEWLINE_Other reviews on the mentioning the Swinburne series appeared in the January, February, and May issues of The Critic, but they simply acknowledge Britten as the illustrator for that Swinburne's "December", "Carol", and "May". However, two of the reviews were more favourable. A 28 January 1893 review notes, "A sonnet by Swinburne, 'January,' is framed in an interesting drawing by W. E. F. Britten." A review for 6 May 1893, a review claims, "In the series of pictures and sonnets of the months by Mr. W. E. F. Britten and Mr. Algernon Charles Swinburne, both poet and painter have done their best for April"._NEWLINE_In the 20th century, art historian Simon Houfe said that Britten "excelled as a decorative artist, placing his subjects in elaborate frames, the Shaftesbury Tribute in The Graphic of 185 is a good example." _START_SECTION_ Gallery _START_PARAGRAPH_ Complete illustrations for The Early Poems of Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1901)

2042529933213884677

Q28454945

_START_ARTICLE_ William Flannery (bridge) _START_PARAGRAPH_ William L. Flannery is an American bridge player._NEWLINE_Flannery invented the Flannery convention.

9014680864320231035

Q8009755

_START_ARTICLE_ William Gentle _START_SECTION_ Early life _START_PARAGRAPH_ He entered the Ordnance Survey in 1882, aged 17. One year later he went to South Africa and served in the Cape Mounted Rifles for three years. When he returned to England in 1887 he joined the Metropolitan Police. _START_SECTION_ Career _START_PARAGRAPH_ Ten years later he moved to Reading and became Chief Constable of Brighton in 1901. He held the post for 19 years and became well known for his work in combating race course gangs. He was knighted Sir William Gentle for his work in 1916. _NEWLINE_He retired to Thetford in Norfolk, where he was four times mayor and in 1938 was High Sheriff of Norfolk. _NEWLINE_During his retirement he worked alongside Brigadier-General Alfred Critchley to form the Greyhound Racing Association (GRA), which introduced greyhound racing to the United Kingdom. He was the first chairman of the Greyhound Racing Association (GRA). He was also chairman of the Belle Vue Zoo in Manchester from 1925 to 1928. _START_SECTION_ Family _START_PARAGRAPH_ Gentle was married and had two sons. His wife died in 1941. His son Francis S 'Frank' Gentle was also a director of the GRA and went on to manage the GRA's Harringay Stadium._NEWLINE_He died in 1948 leaving an estate valued at £460,950.

12345332735037123362

Q16738964

_START_ARTICLE_ William Grefe _START_PARAGRAPH_ William Grefe (born 1930) is a writer and director of films, best known for his work in the exploitation field. For most of his career he has worked in Florida. He also worked for a number of years with Ivan Tors._NEWLINE_In 2009 a documentary was released about his work called From the Swamp: The Films of William Grefe.

8017672946751966049

Q8012580

_START_ARTICLE_ William Howard South _START_PARAGRAPH_ William Howard South (died September 1777) was a political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented Halifax County in the Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia from 1773 to 1777._NEWLINE_He was married twice: first to Lydia Franklyn in 1756 and then to Cicely Gafford In 1775. South was a major in the Halifax militia. He was elected to the assembly in a 1773 by-election held after John Newton's seat was declared vacant for non-attendance. South was named provost marshal for Nova Scotia in 1777 during the suspension of John Fenton. He died in office and was buried in Halifax.

9869872483120253939

Q8013553

_START_ARTICLE_ William Jennings Bryan 1896 presidential campaign _START_SECTION_ Bryan _START_PARAGRAPH_ William Jennings Bryan was born in rural Salem, Illinois in 1860. His father, Silas Bryan, was a Jacksonian Democrat, judge, lawyer and local party activist. As a judge's son, the younger Bryan had ample opportunity to observe the art of speechmaking in courtrooms, political rallies, and at church and revival meetings. In post-Civil War America, oratory was highly prized, and Bryan showed aptitude for it from a young age, raised in his father's house in Salem. Attending Illinois College beginning in 1877, Bryan devoted himself to winning the school prize for speaking. He won the prize in his junior year, and also secured the affection of Mary Baird, a student at a nearby women's academy. She became his wife, and was his principal assistant throughout his career._NEWLINE_While attending law school from 1881 to 1883, Bryan was a clerk to former Illinois senator Lyman Trumbull, who influenced him in a dislike for wealth and business monopolies. Bryan was strongly affected by the emerging Social Gospel movement that called on Protestant activists to seek to cure social problems such as poverty. Looking for a growing city in which his practice could thrive, he moved to Lincoln, Nebraska in 1887._NEWLINE_Bryan quickly became prominent in Lincoln as a lawyer and a public speaker, becoming known as the "Boy Orator of the Platte". In 1890, he agreed to run for Congress against William J. Connell, a Republican, who had won the local congressional seat in 1888. At that time, Nebraska was suffering hard times as many farmers had difficulties making ends meet due to low grain prices, and many Americans were discontented with the existing two major political parties. As a result, disillusioned farmers and others formed a new far-left party, which came to be known as the Populist Party. The Populists proposed both greater government control over the economy (with some calling for government ownership of railroads) and giving the people power over government through the secret ballot, direct election of United States Senators (who were, until 1913, elected by state legislatures), and replacement of the Electoral College with direct election of the president and vice president by popular vote. Party members in many states, including Nebraska, demanded inflation of the currency through issuance of paper or silver currency, allowing easier repayment of debt. After a candidate backed by the nascent Populists withdrew, Bryan defeated Connell for the seat by 6,700 votes (nearly doubling Connell's 1888 margin), receiving support from the Populists and Prohibitionists._NEWLINE_In Congress, Bryan was appointed to the powerful Ways and Means Committee and became a major spokesman on the tariff and money questions. He introduced several proposals for the direct election of senators and to eliminate tariff barriers in industries dominated by monopolies or trusts. This advocacy brought him contributions from silver mine owners in his successful re-election bid in 1892. In the 1892 presidential election, former Democratic president Grover Cleveland defeated the Republican incumbent, Benjamin Harrison, to regain his office. Bryan did not support Cleveland, making it clear he preferred the Populist candidate, James B. Weaver, though he indicated that as a loyal Democrat, he would vote the party ticket._NEWLINE_In May 1894, Bryan announced he would not seek re-election to the House of Representatives, feeling the incessant need to raise money to campaign in a marginal district was inhibiting his political career. Instead, he sought the Senate seat that the Nebraska legislature would fill in January 1895. Although Bryan was successful in winning the non-binding popular vote, Republicans gained a majority in the legislature and elected John Thurston as senator. _START_SECTION_ Economic depression; rise of free silver _START_PARAGRAPH_ The question of the currency had been a major political issue since the mid-1870s. Advocates of free silver (or bimetallism) wanted the government to accept all silver bullion presented to it and to return it, struck into coin, at the historic value ratio between gold and silver of 16 to 1. This would restore a practice abolished in 1873. A free silver policy would inflate the currency, as the silver in a dollar coin was worth just over half the face value/ Someone who presented ten dollars in silver bullion would receive back almost twice that in silver coin. Advocates believed these proposals would lead to prosperity, while opponents warned that varying from the gold standard (which the United States had, effectively, used since 1873) would cause problems in international trade._NEWLINE_The 1878 Bland–Allison Act and the Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890 required the government to buy large quantities of silver and strike it into coin. They had been passed as compromises between free silver and the gold standard. Bryan, who had been elected after the passage of the latter enactment, initially had little to say on the subject. Free silver was very popular among Nebraskans, though many powerful Democrats opposed it. After his election to Congress, Bryan studied the currency question carefully, and came to believe in free silver; he also saw its political potential. By 1893, Bryan had become a leading supporter of free silver, arguing in a speech in St. Louis that the gold standard was deflationary "making a man pay a debt with a dollar larger than the one he borrowed ... If this robbery is permitted, the farmer will be ruined, and then the cities will suffer."_NEWLINE_Even as Cleveland took office as president in March 1893, there were signs of an economic decline. Sherman's act required the government to pay out gold in exchange for silver and paper currency, and through the early months of 1893 gold flowed out of the Treasury. On April 22, 1893, the amount of gold in the Treasury dropped below $100 million for the first time since 1879, adding to the unease. Rumors that Europeans were about to redeem a large sum for gold caused desperate selling on the stock market, the start of the Panic of 1893. By August, many firms had gone bankrupt, and a special session of Congress convened, called by Cleveland to repeal the silver purchase act. Bryan, who was still in Congress, spoke eloquently against the repeal, but Cleveland forced it through. The President's uncompromising stand for gold alienated many in his own party (most southern and western Democrats were pro-silver). The economy failed to improve, and when the President in 1894 sent federal troops to Illinois to break up the Pullman Strike, he outraged even more Democrats. In late 1894, pro-silver Democrats began to organize in the hope of taking control of the party from Cleveland and other Gold Democrats and nominating a silver candidate in 1896. In this, they were led by Illinois Governor John Peter Altgeld, who had opposed Cleveland over the Pullman strike. The Democrats lost control of both houses of Congress in the 1894 midterm elections, with a number of southern states, usually solid for the Democrats, electing Republican or Populist congressmen._NEWLINE_In 1893, bimetallism had been just one of many proposals by Populists and others. As the economic downturn continued, free silver advocates blamed its continuation on the repeal of the silver purchase act, and the issue of silver became more prominent. Free silver especially resonated among farmers in the South and West, as well as miners. June 1894 marked the publication of William H. Harvey's Coin's Financial School. The book, composed of accounts of (fictitious) lectures on the silver issue given by an adolescent named Coin to Chicago audiences, became an immense bestseller. The book included (as foils to the title character) many of Chicago's most prominent men of business; some, such as banker and future Secretary of the Treasury Lyman Gage, issued denials that they had participated in any such lectures. This popular treatment of the currency issue was highly influential. A Missourian, Ezra Peters, wrote to Illinois Senator John M. Palmer, "Coins [sic] Financial School is raising h— in this neck of the woods. If those in favor of honest money don't do something to offset its influence the country is going to the dogs." A Minnesota correspondent wrote in Outlook magazine: "high school boys are about equally divided between silver and baseball, with a decided leaning toward the former". _START_SECTION_ Preparation _START_PARAGRAPH_ In March 1895, the same month he left Congress, Bryan passed his 35th birthday, making him constitutionally eligible for the presidency. By then, he had come to see his nomination for that office as possible, even likely. Bryan believed he could use the coalition-building techniques he had applied in gaining election to Congress, uniting pro-silver forces behind him to gain the Democratic nomination and the presidency. To that end, it was important that the Populists not nominate a rival silver candidate, and he took pains to cultivate good relations with Populist leaders. Through 1895 and early 1896, Bryan sought to make himself as widely known as an advocate for silver as possible. He had accepted the nominal editorship of the Omaha World-Herald in August 1894. The position involved no day-to-day duties, but allowed him to publish his political commentaries. In the 17 months between his departure from Congress and the Democratic National Convention in July 1896, Bryan travelled widely through the South and West, speaking on silver. At every stop, he made contacts that he later cultivated. Several times, in his addresses, Bryan repeated variations on lines he had spoken in Congress in December 1894, decrying the gold standard, "I will not help to crucify mankind upon a cross of gold. I will not aid them to press down upon the bleeding brow of labor this crown of thorns."_NEWLINE_Historian H. Wayne Morgan described Bryan:_NEWLINE_Robert La Follette remembered Bryan as "a tall, slender, handsome fellow who looked like a young divine". A streak of the moralist preacher raised his political chances among a people attuned to the biblical phrase and Shakespearan [sic] stance. He was a fine actor, with a justly famous voice, but was not a charlatan. Bryan believed in the out-dated Jeffersonian virtues he preached in the Hamiltonian world of 1896 ... He was young, had a respectable but not burdensome record, came from the West, and understood the arts of conciliation. Though men thought otherwise at the time, neither fate nor accident created his position in the party._NEWLINE_Through early 1896, Bryan quietly sought the nomination. Any possible candidacy depended on silver supporters being successful in electing the bulk of convention delegates; accordingly Bryan backed such efforts. He maintained contact with silver partisans in other parties, hopeful of gathering them in after a nomination. His campaign was low-key, without excessive publicity: Bryan did not want to attract the attention of more prominent candidates. He continued to give speeches, and collected his traveling expenses, and most often a speaking fee, from those who had invited him._NEWLINE_Bryan faced a number of disadvantages in seeking the Democratic nomination: he was little-known among Americans who did not follow politics closely, he had no money to pour into his campaign, he lacked public office, and had incurred the enmity of Cleveland and his administration through his stance on silver and other issues. There was little advantage to the Democratic Party in nominating a candidate from Nebraska, a state small in population that had never voted for a Democrat. As state conventions met to nominate delegates to the July national convention, for the most part, they supported silver, and sent silver men to Chicago. Gold Democrats had success in the Northeast, and little elsewhere. Most state conventions did not bind, or "instruct", their delegates to vote for a specific candidate for the nomination; this course was strongly supported by Bryan. Once delegates were selected, Bryan wrote to party officials and obtained a list; he sent copies of his speeches, clippings from the World-Herald, and his photograph to each delegate._NEWLINE_In June 1896, Bryan's old teacher, former senator Trumbull died; on the day of his funeral, Bryan's mother also died, suddenly in Salem. Bryan spoke at her funeral, quoting lines from Second Timothy: "I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith." He also attended, as a correspondent for the World-Herald, the Republican convention that month in St. Louis. The Republicans, at the request of their nominee for president, former Ohio governor William McKinley, included a plank in their party platform supporting the gold standard. Bryan was deeply moved when, after the adoption of the platform, Colorado Senator Henry M. Teller led a walkout of silver-supporting Republicans. Bryan's biographer, Paolo Coletta, suggests that Bryan may have played a part in inciting the silver men's departure; he was in close contact with Silver Republicans such as Teller and South Dakota Senator Richard Pettigrew. Historian James Barnes wrote of Bryan's preparations:_NEWLINE_The Nebraskan merely understood the political situation better than most of those who might have been his rivals, and he took advantage in a legitimate and thoroughly honorable manner of the existing conditions. He knew that hard work could turn the discontent of the people into a revolt against the gold wing of the party, and no group of individuals ever labored more diligently to gain their political ends than did the silver men in the [Democratic Party] between 1893 and 1896. Bryan sensed the possibility of becoming the nominee long before 1896; his ambition was fully matured several months prior to the convention, and there is evidence that his hopes were becoming tinged with certainty before he left for Chicago. _START_SECTION_ Convention _START_PARAGRAPH_ In the run up to the Democratic National Convention, set to begin at the Chicago Coliseum on July 7, 1896, no candidate was seen as an overwhelming favorite for the presidential nomination. The leading candidates were former Missouri congressman Richard P. Bland and former Iowa governor Horace Boies. "Silver Dick" Bland was seen as the elder statesman of the silver movement; he had originated the Bland-Allison Act of 1878, while Boies' victories for governor in a normally Republican state made him attractive as a candidate who might compete with McKinley in the crucial Midwest. Both had openly declared their candidacies, and were the only Democrats to have organizations seeking to obtain pledged delegates. Neither candidate had much money to spend on his campaign. In addition to the frontrunners, other silver men were spoken of as candidates. These included Vice President Adlai Stevenson of Illinois, Senator Joseph C. Blackburn of Kentucky, Indiana Governor Claude Matthews, and Bryan. Illinois Governor Altgeld, a leader of the silver movement, was ineligible because he was not a natural-born U.S. citizen as required for the presidency in the Constitution. When Senator Teller walked out of the Republican convention in protest over the currency plank, he immediately became another possible candidate for the Democratic nomination for president. However, he was deemed unlikely to succeed, as many Democrats feared that if elected, he might fill some patronage jobs with Republicans. President Cleveland spent the week of the convention fishing, and had no comment about the events there; political scientist Richard Bensel attributes Cleveland's political inaction to the President's loss of influence in his party._NEWLINE_Bryan's Nebraska delegation left Lincoln by train on July 5. Carrying some 200 people, the train bore signs on each of its five cars, such as "The W.J. Bryan Club" and "Keep Your Eye on Nebraska." Bryan's strategy was simple: maintain a low profile as a candidate until the last possible moment, then give a speech that rallied the silver forces behind him and bring about his nomination. He was utterly confident that he would succeed, believing "the logic of the situation," as he later put it, dictated his selection. He explained to Champ Clark, the future Speaker of the House, that Bland and others from southern states would fall because of prejudice towards the old Confederacy, that Boies could not be nominated because he was too little-known, and all others would fail due to lack of support—leaving only himself._NEWLINE_Coletta noted the problems faced by Bryan in obtaining the nomination, and how his groundwork helped overcome them:_NEWLINE_The maneuver that paid Bryan highest dividends was his fifteen months of missionary work in behalf of silver and cultivation of the Chicago delegates. He knew personally more delegates than did any other candidate ... and he was on the ground to supervise his strategy. When he spoke of himself as the nominee, some reacted as [journalist] Willis J. Abbot did and doubted his mental capacity. How could a boy in appearance, one not yet admitted to the convention, without a single state behind him, dare claim the nomination? The answer was simple, Bryan told Abbot—he had prepared a speech that would stampede the convention._NEWLINE_Bryan stayed at the Clifton House, a modest hotel adjoining the opulent Palmer House. A large banner outside the Clifton House proclaimed the presence of Nebraska's delegation headquarters, but did not mention Bryan's campaign, which was run from Nebraska's rooms. The main candidates headquartered at the Palmer House, their rooms often crowded as they served free alcoholic drinks. The Coliseum was located in a "dry" district of Chicago but the hotels were not._NEWLINE_Just before the convention, the Democratic National Committee (DNC) made initial determinations of which delegations were to be seated—once convened, delegates would make the final determination after the convention's Credentials Committee reported. The DNC seated a rival, pro-gold Nebraska delegation, and recommended New York Senator David B. Hill as the convention's temporary chairman, each by a vote of 27–23. Bryan was present when it was announced that his delegation would not be initially seated; reports state he acted "somewhat surprised" at the outcome. Since the DNC action meant Bryan would not have a seat at the start of proceedings, he could not be the temporary chairman (who would deliver the keynote address); the Nebraskan began looking for other opportunities to make a speech at the convention. Historian James A. Barnes deemed the DNC's vote immaterial; once the convention met on July 7, it quickly elected a silver man, Virginia Senator John Daniel, as temporary chairman and appointed a committee to review credentials friendly to the silver cause._NEWLINE_As the committees met, the convention proceeded, though in considerable confusion. Many of the silver men had not attended a national convention before, and were unfamiliar with its procedures. Members of the Committee on Resolutions (also called the Platform Committee) intended to elect California Senator Stephen M. White as chairman; they found that he had already been co-opted as permanent chairman of the convention. Bryan had been widely supported as a candidate for permanent chairman by the silver men, but some western delegates on the Committee on Permanent Organization objected, stating that they wanted the chance to support Bryan for the nomination (the permanent chairman was customarily ruled out as a candidate)._NEWLINE_Delegates spent most of the first two days listening to various speeches by silver supporters. The first report from the Credentials Committee, on the afternoon of July 8, recommended the seating of Bryan's delegation. This was a matter of intense interest for the silver delegates: Bryan had written to large numbers of delegates urging them to support his men over their gold rivals; once in Chicago, he and his fellow Nebraskans had spoken with many others about the dispute. The convention, by voice vote, seated the silver Nebraskans, who arrived in the convention hall a few minutes later, accompanied by a band. Soon afterwards, the delegates, bored, shouted for a speech from Bryan, but he was not to be found._NEWLINE_Once seated, Bryan went to the Platform Committee meeting at the Palmer House, displacing the Nebraska gold delegate on the committee. The proposed platform was pro-silver; Senator Hill had offered an amendment backing the gold standard, which had been defeated by committee vote. As Hill was determined to take the platform fight to the full convention, the committee discussed who should speak in the debate, and allocated 75 minutes to each side. South Carolina Senator Benjamin Tillman, a silver supporter, wanted an hour to address the convention, and to close the debate. When both Hill and Bryan (who was selected as the other pro-silver speaker) objected to such a long closing address, Tillman settled for 50 minutes and for opening the debate rather than closing it; Bryan was given 25 minutes to close. Bryan later asked the Platform Committee chairman, Arkansas Senator James K. Jones why he was given such a crucial role as closing the platform debate; Senator Jones responded that he had three reasons: Bryan's long service in the silver cause, the Nebraskan was the only major speaker not to have addressed the convention, and that Jones had a sore throat. That evening, Bryan dined with his wife and with friends. Looking upon the loud Boies and Bland supporters, Bryan commented, "These people don't know it, but they will be cheering for me just this way tomorrow night." _START_SECTION_ Speech _START_PARAGRAPH_ On the morning of July 9, 1896, thousands of people waited outside the Coliseum, hoping to hear the platform debate. The galleries were quickly packed, but the delegates, slowed by fatigue from the first two days and the long journey from the downtown hotels, were slower to arrive. It was not until 10:45 am, three-quarters of an hour late, that Chairman White called the convention to order. Bryan arrived during the delay; he was greeted with a musical tribute from one of the convention bands, which then returned to playing a medley of Irish melodies. Once White started the proceedings, he turned over the gavel to Senator Jones, who read the proposed platform to great applause from silver delegates, and hissing from gold men. The minority report attracted the opposite reaction._NEWLINE_Senator Tillman, a fiery speaker who wore a pitchfork on his lapel, began the debate. His speech, set as the only one besides Bryan's in favor of silver, portrayed silver as a sectional issue pitting the poorer folk of the South and West against gold-supporting New York and the rest of the Northeast. It was badly received even by silver delegates, who wished to think of silver as a patriotic, national issue. Senator Jones felt compelled to spend five minutes (granted by the gold side), stating that the silver issue crossed sectional lines. New York Senator Hill was next: the leading spokesman for gold, both gold and silver delegates quieted to hear him. He was followed by Senator William Vilas of Wisconsin and former Massachusetts Governor William D. Russell. Each made their cases for gold, and likely changed few votes. Only Bryan was left to speak, and no one at the convention had yet effectively championed the silver cause. The New York Times described the setting:_NEWLINE_There never was such a propitious moment for such an orator than that which fell to Bryan. The minority [gold faction] had just been pleased and the majority had just been depressed and mortified by the appearance, as the champion of free silver, of Tillman ... The minority had indicated its position. The majority felt exposed, crestfallen, and humiliated._NEWLINE_Writer Edgar Lee Masters, who witnessed Bryan's speech, remembered, "Suddenly I saw a man spring up from his seat among the delegates and with the agility and swiftness of an eager boxer hurry to the speaker's rostrum. He was slim, tall, pale, raven-haired, beaked of nose." The Nebraska delegation waved red handkerchiefs as Bryan progressed to the podium; he wore an alpaca sack suit more typical of Lincoln and the West than of Chicago. There was loud cheering as Bryan stood at the lectern; it took him a full minute to gain silence. He began:_NEWLINE_I would be presumptuous, indeed, to present myself against the distinguished gentlemen to whom you have listened if this were a mere measuring of abilities; but this is not a contest between persons. The humblest citizen in all the land, when clad in the armor of a righteous cause, is stronger than all the hosts of error. I come to speak to you in defense of a cause as holy as the cause of liberty—the cause of humanity._NEWLINE_Bryan, with this declaration, set the theme of his argument, and as it would prove, his campaign: that the welfare of humanity was at stake with the silver issue. According to his biographer Michael Kazin, "Bryan felt he was serving his part in a grander conflict that began with Christ and showed no sign of approaching its end." From the start, Bryan had his audience: when he finished a sentence, they would rise, shout and cheer, then quiet themselves to ready for the next words; the Nebraskan later described the convention as like a trained choir. He dismissed arguments that the business men of the East favored the gold standard:_NEWLINE_We say to you that you have made the definition of a business man too limited in its application. The man who is employed for wages is as much a business man as his employer; the attorney in a country town is as much a business man as the corporation counsel in a great metropolis; the merchant at the cross-roads store is as much a business man as the merchant of New York; the farmer who goes forth in the morning and toils all day, who begins in spring and toils all summer, and who by the application of brain and muscle to the natural resources of the country creates wealth, is as much a business man as the man who goes upon the Board of Trade and bets upon the price of grain; the miners who go down a thousand feet into the earth, or climb two thousand feet upon the cliffs, and bring forth from their hiding places the precious metals to be poured into the channels of trade are as much business men as the few financial magnates who, in a back room, corner the money of the world. We come to speak of this broader class of business men._NEWLINE_Many of the elements of the speech had appeared in prior Bryan addresses. However, the business man argument was new, though he had hinted at it in an interview he gave at the Republican convention. Bryan always regarded that argument as the speech's most powerful part, despite the fame its conclusion would gain. He responded to an argument by Senator Vilas that from silver forces might arise a Robespierre. Bryan affirmed that the people could be counted on to prevent the rise of a tyrant, and noted, "What we need is an Andrew Jackson to stand, as Jackson stood, against the encroachments of organized wealth." He continued:_NEWLINE_Upon which side will the Democratic Party fight; upon the side of "the idle holders of idle capital" or upon the side of "the struggling masses"? That is the question which the party must answer first, and then it must be answered by each individual hereafter. The sympathies of the Democratic Party, as shown by the platform, are on the side of the struggling masses, who have ever been the foundation of the Democratic Party._NEWLINE_Bryan concluded the address, seizing a place in American history:_NEWLINE_Having behind us the producing masses of this nation and the world, supported by the commercial interests, the laboring interests, and the toilers everywhere, we will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them: "You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns; you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold."_NEWLINE_As he spoke his final sentence, he brought his hands to his head, fingers extended in imitation of thorns; amid dead silence in the Coliseum, he extended his arms, recalling with words and posture the Crucifixion of Jesus, and held that position for several seconds. He then lowered his arms, and began the journey back to his seat in the silence._NEWLINE_Bryan described the stillness as "really painful"; his anxieties that he might have failed were soon broken by pandemonium. The New York World reported, "The floor of the convention seemed to heave up. Everybody seemed to go mad at once." In a demonstration of some half an hour, Bryan was carried around the floor, then surrounded with cheering supporters. Men and women threw their hats into the air, not caring where they might come down. Delegates were shouting to begin the vote and nominate Bryan immediately, which he refused to consider, feeling that if his appeal could not last overnight, it would not last until November. Bryan left the convention, returning to his hotel to await the outcome. In the midst of the crazed crowd, Altgeld, a Bland supporter, commented to his friend, lawyer Clarence Darrow, "That is the greatest speech I ever listened to. I don't know but its effect will be to nominate him." _START_SECTION_ Nomination _START_PARAGRAPH_ When order was restored after Bryan's speech, the convention passed the platform, voting down the minority report and a resolution in support of the Cleveland administration; it then recessed for a few hours until 8:00 pm, when nominating speeches were to be made. According to The Boston Globe, Bryan "had locked himself within the four walls at the Clifton House, down town, and there blushes unseen. The dark horse is in his stall, feasting on the oats of hope and political straws." Bryan had made no arrangements for formal nominating speeches given the short timeframe, and was surprised when word was brought to him at the Clifton House that he had been nominated by Henry Lewis of Georgia: the candidate had expected the Kansas delegation to name him. As Missouri Senator George Vest nominated Bland, his oratory was drowned out by the gallery, "Bryan, Bryan, W.J. Bryan"._NEWLINE_The balloting for the presidential nomination was held on July 10, the day after the speech; a two-thirds majority was needed to nominate. Bryan remained at his hotel, sending word to his fellow Nebraskans, "There must be no pledging, no promising, on any subject with anybody. No delegation must be permitted to violate instructions given by a state convention. Our delegation should not be too prominent in applause. Treat all candidates fairly." On the first ballot, Bryan had 137 votes, mostly from Nebraska and four southern states, trailing Bland who had 235; Boies was fourth with 67 votes and was never a factor in the balloting. Bland maintained his lead on the second and third ballots, but on the fourth, with the convention in a huge uproar, Bryan took the lead. Governor Altgeld had held Illinois, which was subject to the "unit rule" whereby the entirety of a state's vote was cast as a majority of that state's delegation directed. After the fourth ballot, the Illinois delegation caucused and Altgeld was one of only two remaining Bland supporters, thus giving Bryan all of the state's 48 votes and bringing him near the two-thirds mark and the nomination. On the fifth ballot, other states joined the Bryan bandwagon, making him the Democratic candidate for president._NEWLINE_At the Clifton House, Bryan's rooms were overwhelmed with those wishing to congratulate him, despite the efforts of police to keep the crowds at bay. Bryan quipped, "I seem to have plenty of friends now, but I remember well when they were very few." He left the choice of a running mate to the convention; delegates selected Maine shipbuilder Arthur Sewall. Active in Democratic Party politics, Sewall was one of the few eastern party leaders to support silver, was wealthy and could help finance the campaign; he also balanced the ticket geographically. According to historian Stanley Jones in his account of the 1896 election, "it seemed in retrospect a curious logic that gave a capitalist from Maine a leading role in a campaign intended to have a strong appeal to the masses of the South and West". Bryan and Sewall gained their nominations without the ballots of the gold men, most of whom refused to vote. Amid talk that the Gold Democrats would form their own party, Senator Hill was asked if he remained a Democrat. "I was a Democrat before the Convention and am a Democrat still—very still." _START_SECTION_ General election campaign _START_PARAGRAPH_ Bryan's nomination was denounced by many establishment Democrats. President Cleveland, stunned by the convention's repudiation of him and his policies, decided against open support for a bolt from the party, either by endorsing McKinley or by publicly backing a rival Democratic ticket. Nevertheless, Gold Democrats began plans to hold their own convention, which took place in September. Many Cleveland supporters decried Bryan as no true Democrat, but a fanatic and socialist, his nomination procured through demagoguery. Some of the Democratic political machines, such as New York's Tammany Hall, decided to ignore the national ticket and concentrate on electing local and congressional candidates. Large numbers of traditionally Democratic newspapers refused to support Bryan, including the New York World, whose circulation of 800,000 was the nation's largest, and major dailies in cities such as Philadelphia, Detroit, and Brooklyn. Southern newspapers stayed with Bryan; they were unwilling to endorse McKinley, the choice of most African Americans, though few of them could vote in the South. Newspapers that supported other parties in western silver states, such as the Populist Rocky Mountain News of Denver, Colorado, and Utah's Republican The Salt Lake Tribune, quickly endorsed Bryan._NEWLINE_Following his nomination in June, McKinley's team had believed that the election would be fought on the issue of the protective tariff. Chicago banker Charles G. Dawes, a McKinley advisor who had known Bryan when both lived in Lincoln, had predicted to McKinley and his friend and campaign manager, Mark Hanna, that if Bryan had the chance to speak to the convention, he would be its choice. McKinley and Hanna gently mocked Dawes, telling him that Bland would be the nominee. In the three weeks between the two conventions, McKinley spoke only on the tariff question, and when journalist Murat Halstead telephoned him from Chicago to inform him that Bryan would be nominated, he responded dismissively and hung up the phone. When Bryan was nominated on a silver platform, the Republicans were briefly gratified, believing that Bryan's selection would result in an easy victory for McKinley._NEWLINE_Despite the confidence of the Republicans, the nomination of Bryan sparked great excitement through the nation. His program of prosperity through free silver struck an emotional chord with the American people in a way that McKinley's protective tariff did not. Many Republican leaders had gone on vacation for the summer, believing that the fight, on their terms, would take place in the fall. Bryan's endorsement, soon after Chicago, by the Populists, his statement that he would undertake a nationwide tour on an unprecedented scale, and word from local activists of the strong silver sentiment in areas Republicans had to win to take the election, jarred McKinley's party from its complacency. _START_SECTION_ Populist nominee _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Populist strategy for 1896 was to nominate the candidate most supportive of silver. Populist leaders correctly believed the Republicans unlikely to nominate a silver man. They hoped the Democrats either would not endorse silver in their platform or if they did, that the Democratic candidate would be someone who could be painted as weak on silver. Bryan's sterling record on the issue left the Populists with a stark choice: They could endorse Bryan, and risk losing their separate identity as a party, or nominate another candidate, thus dividing the pro-silver vote to McKinley's benefit. According to Stanley Jones, "the Democratic endorsement of silver and Bryan at Chicago precipitated the disintegration" of the Populist Party; it was never again a force in national politics after 1896._NEWLINE_Even before their convention in late July, the Populists faced dissent in their ranks. Former Populist governor of Colorado Davis H. Waite wrote to former congressman Ignatius Donnelly that the Democrats had returned to their roots and "nominated a good & true man on the platform. Of course I support him." Populist Kansas Congressman Jerry Simpson wrote, "I care not for party names. It is the substance we are after, and we have it with William J. Bryan." Many Populists saw the election of Bryan, whose positions on many issues were not far from theirs, as the quickest path to the reforms they sought; a majority of delegates to the convention in St. Louis favored him. However, many delegates disliked Sewall because of his wealth and ownership of a large business, and believed that nominating someone else would keep Populist issues alive in the campaign. Although they nominated Bryan for president, they chose Georgia's Thomas E. Watson as vice-presidential candidate; some hoped Bryan would dump Sewall from his ticket. Bryan did not; Senator Jones (as the new Democratic National Committee chairman, in charge of the campaign) stated, "Mr. Sewall, will, of course, remain on the ticket, and Mr. Watson can do what he likes."_NEWLINE_Historian R. Hal Williams, in his book about the 1896 campaign, believes that the Populist nomination did Bryan little good; most Populists would have voted for him anyway and the endorsement allowed his opponents to paint him and his supporters as extremists. The vice presidential squabble, Williams argues, worried voters who feared that instability would follow a Bryan victory, and drove them towards McKinley. Populist leader Henry Demarest Lloyd described silver as the "cow-bird" of the Populist Party, which had pushed aside all other issues. The National Silver Party, mostly former Republicans, met at the same time as the Populists; both conventions were in St. Louis. They quickly endorsed Bryan and Sewall, urging all silver forces to unite behind that ticket. _START_SECTION_ New York visit _START_PARAGRAPH_ After the Democratic convention, Bryan had returned triumphantly to Lincoln, making speeches along the way. At home, he took a short rest, and was visited by Senator Jones to discuss plans for the campaign. Bryan was not interested in campaign organization; what he wanted from the DNC was enough money to conduct a national tour by train. The campaign, as it proved, was badly organized: This was Jones' first national campaign, and the party structure in many states was either only newly in the control of silver forces, or in gold states wanted no part of the national ticket. With little money, poor organization, and a hostile press, Bryan was his campaign's most important asset, and he wanted to reach the voters by traveling to them. According to Stanley Jones in his study of the 1896 campaign, "Bryan expected that he alone, carrying to the people the message of free silver, would win the election for his party."_NEWLINE_Bryan set the formal acceptance of his nomination for August 12 at New York's Madison Square Garden; he left Lincoln five days earlier by rail, and spoke 38 times along the way, sometimes from the trackside in his nightgown. While speaking in McKinley's hometown of Canton, Ohio, Bryan yielded to impulse and called upon his rival at his home with Congressman Bland; the Republican candidate and his wife, somewhat startled, received the two men hospitably in a scene Williams calls, "surely bizarre." August 12 was an extremely hot day in New York, especially for the crowd jammed into the Garden; when Missouri Governor William J. Stone, chair of the notification committee, essayed a lengthy speech, he was drowned out by the crowd, which wanted to hear "the Boy Orator of the Platte". Many were disappointed; the Democratic candidate read a two-hour speech from a manuscript, wishing to look statesmanlike, and fearing that if he spoke without a script, the press would misrepresent his words. Many seats were vacant before he concluded._NEWLINE_After several days in upstate New York, during which he had a dinner with Senator Hill at which the subject of politics was carefully avoided, Bryan began a circuitous journey back to Lincoln by train. At a speech in Chicago on Labor Day, Bryan varied from the silver issue to urge regulation of corporations. According to Stanley Jones,_NEWLINE_The period of this tour, in the return from New York to Lincoln, was the high point of the Bryan campaign. Bryan was well rested. After invading "the enemy's country", he was returning to his own territory. Wherever his train went people, who had travelled from nearby farms and villages, waved and shouted encouragement. Their enthusiasm at the unrehearsed rear platform appearances and in the formal speeches was spontaneous and contagious. The smell of victory seemed to hang in the air. Perhaps a vote taken then would have given Bryan the election. _START_SECTION_ Whistle-stop tour _START_PARAGRAPH_ Bryan's plan for victory was to undertake a strenuous train tour, bringing his message to the people. Although Hanna and other advisors urged McKinley to get on the road, the Republican candidate declined to match Bryan's gambit, deciding that not only was the Democrat a better stump speaker, but that however McKinley travelled, Bryan would upstage him by journeying in a less comfortable way. McKinley's chosen strategy was a front porch campaign; he would remain at home, giving carefully scripted speeches to visiting delegations, much to the gratification of Canton's hot dog vendors and souvenir salesmen, who expanded facilities to meet the demand. Meanwhile, Hanna raised millions from business men to pay for speakers on the currency question and to flood the nation with hundreds of millions of pamphlets. Starved of money, the Democrats had fewer speakers and fewer publications to issue. Bryan's supporters raised at most $500,000 for the 1896 campaign; McKinley's raised at least $3.5 million. Among the foremost supporters of Bryan was publisher William Randolph Hearst who both contributed to Bryan's campaign and slanted his newspapers' coverage in his favor._NEWLINE_On September 11, 1896, Bryan departed on a train trip that continued until November 1, two days before the election. At first, he rode in public cars, and made his own travel arrangements, looking up train schedules and even carrying his own bags from train station to hotel. By early October, the DNC, at the urging of Populist officials who felt Bryan was being worn out, procured the services of North Carolina journalist Josephus Daniels to make travel arrangements, and also obtained a private railroad car, The Idler—a name Bryan thought somewhat inappropriate due to the strenuous nature of the tour. Mary Bryan had joined her husband in late September; on The Idler, the Bryans were able to eat and sleep in relative comfort._NEWLINE_During this tour, Bryan spoke almost exclusively on the silver question, and attempted to mold the speeches to reflect local issues and interests. He did not campaign on Sundays, but on most other days spoke between 20 and 30 times. Crowds assembled hours or days ahead of Bryan's arrival. The train bearing The Idler pulled in after a short journey from the last stop, and after he was greeted by local dignitaries, Bryan would give a brief speech addressing silver and the need for the people to retake the government. The shortness of the speech did not dismay the crowds, who knew his arguments well: they were there to see and hear William Jennings Bryan—one listener told him that he had read every one of his speeches, and had ridden 50 miles (80 km) to hear him, "And, by gum, if I wasn't a Republican, I'd vote for you." After a brief interval for handshakes, the train would pull out again, to another town down the track._NEWLINE_Throughout the nation, voters were intensely interested in the campaign, studying the flood of pamphlets. Speakers for both parties found eager audiences. Arthur F. Mullen, a resident of O'Neill, Nebraska, described the summer and fall of 1896:_NEWLINE_O'Neill buzzed with political disputation from dawn till next dawn. A bowery had been built for the Fourth of July picnic and dance. Ordinarily, it was torn down after that event. In 1896 it was kept as a forum, and by day and night men and women met there to talk about the Crime of '73, the fallacies of the gold standard, bimetallism and international consent, the evils of the tariff, the moneybags of Mark Hanna, the front porch campaign of McKinley. They read W. H. Harvey's Coin's Financial School to themselves, their friends, and opponents ... They read Bryan when they couldn't go off to listen to him._NEWLINE_Bryan rarely emphasized other issues than silver; leader of a disparate coalition linked by the silver question, he feared alienating some of his supporters. He occasionally addressed other subjects: in an October speech in Detroit, he spoke out against the Supreme Court's decision ruling the federal income tax unconstitutional. He promised to enforce the laws against the trusts, procure stricter ones from Congress, and if the Supreme Court struck them down, to seek a constitutional amendment. In what Williams describes as "a political campaign that became an American legend", Bryan traveled to 27 of the 45 states, logging 18,000 miles (29,000 km), and in his estimated 600 speeches reached some 5,000,000 listeners. _START_SECTION_ Attacks and Gold Democrats; the final days _START_PARAGRAPH_ Republican newspapers painted Bryan as a tool of Governor Altgeld, who was controversial for having pardoned the surviving men convicted of involvement in the Haymarket bombing. Others dubbed Bryan a "Popocrat". On September 27, The New York Times published a letter by an "eminent alienist" who, based on an analysis of the candidate's speeches, concluded that Bryan was mad. The paper editorialized on the same page that even if the Democratic candidate was not insane, he was at least "of unsound mind". For the most part, Bryan ignored the attacks, and made light of them in his account of the 1896 campaign. Republican newspapers and spokesmen claimed that Bryan's campaign was expensively financed by the silver interests. This was not the case: the mining industry was seeing poor times, and had little money to donate to Bryan. In his account, Bryan quoted a letter by Senator Jones: "No matter in how small sums, no matter by what humble contributions, let the friends of liberty and national honor contribute all they can to the good cause."_NEWLINE_In September, the Gold Democrats met in convention in Indianapolis. Loyal to Cleveland, they wanted to nominate him. However, the President ruled this out; his Cabinet members also refused to run. Not even supporters thought the Gold Democrats would win; the purpose was to have a candidate who would speak for the gold element in the party, and who would divide the vote and defeat Bryan. Illinois Senator John M. Palmer was eager to be the presidential candidate, and the convention nominated him with Kentucky's Simon Bolivar Buckner as his running mate. Palmer was a 79-year-old former Union general, Buckner a 73-year-old former Confederate of that rank; the ticket was the oldest in combined age in American history, and Palmer the second-oldest presidential candidate (behind Peter Cooper of the Greenback Party; Bryan was the youngest). The Gold Democrats received quiet financial support from Hanna and the Republicans. Palmer proved an able campaigner who visited most major cities in the East, and in the final week of his campaign, told listeners, "I will not count it any great fault if next Tuesday you decide to cast your ballots for William McKinley."_NEWLINE_The South and most of the West were deemed certain to vote for Bryan. When early-voting Maine and Vermont went strongly Republican in September, this meant that McKinley would most likely win the Northeast. These results made the Midwest the crucial battlefield that would decide the presidency. Bryan spent most of October there—160 of his final 250 train stops were in the Midwest. Early Republican polls had shown Bryan ahead in crucial Midwestern states, including McKinley's Ohio. Much of the blizzard of paper the Republican campaign was able to pay for concentrated on this area/ By September, this had its effect as silver sentiment began to fade. Morgan noted, "full organization, [Republican] party harmony, a campaign of education with the printed and spoken word would more than counteract" Bryan's speechmaking. Beginning in September, the Republicans concentrated on the tariff question, and as Election Day, November 3, approached, they were confident of victory._NEWLINE_William and Mary Bryan returned to Lincoln on November 1, two days before the election. He was not yet done with campaigning, however; on November 2, he undertook a train journey across Nebraska in support of Democratic congressional candidates. He made 27 speeches, including seven in Omaha, the last concluding a few minutes before midnight. His train reached Lincoln after the polls opened; he journeyed from train station to polling place to his house escorted by a mounted troop of supporters. He slept much of the evening of election day, to be wakened by his wife with telegrams showing the election was most likely lost. _START_SECTION_ Election _START_PARAGRAPH_ The 1896 presidential election was close by modern measurements, but less so by the standards of the day, which had seen close-run elections over the previous 20 years. McKinley won with 7.1 million votes to Bryan's 6.5 million, 51% to 47%. The electoral vote was not as close: 271 for McKinley to 176 for Bryan. The nation was regionally split, with the industrial East and Midwest for McKinley, and with Bryan carrying the Solid South and the silver strongholds of the Rocky Mountain states. McKinley did well in the border states of Maryland, West Virginia, and Kentucky. Although Bryan claimed that many employers had intimidated their workers into voting Republican, Williams points out that the Democrats benefited from the disenfranchisement of southern African Americans. Palmer received less than 1% of the vote, but his vote total in Kentucky was greater than McKinley's margin of victory there. Confusion over ballots in Minnesota resulted in 15,000 voided votes and may have thrown that state to the Republicans._NEWLINE_In most areas, Bryan did better among rural voters than urban. Even in the South, Bryan attracted 59% of the rural vote, but only 44% of the urban vote, taking 57% of the southern vote overall. The only areas of the nation where Bryan took a greater percentage of the urban than the rural vote were New England and the Rocky Mountain states; in neither case did this affect the outcome, as Bryan took only 27% of New England's vote overall, while taking 88% of the Rocky Mountain city vote to 81% of the vote there outside the cities. McKinley even won the urban vote in Nebraska. Most cities that were financial or manufacturing centers voted for McKinley. Those that served principally as agricultural centers or had been founded along the railroad favored Bryan. The Democratic Party preserved control in the eastern cities through machine politics and the continued loyalty of the Irish-American voter; Bryan's loss over the silver issue of many German-American voters, previously solidly Democratic, helped ensure his defeat in the Midwest. According to Stanley Jones, "the only conclusion to be reached was that the Bryan campaign, with its emphasis on the free coinage of silver at 16 to 1, had not appealed to the urban working classes."_NEWLINE_On November 5, Bryan sent a telegram of congratulations to McKinley, becoming the first losing presidential candidate to do so, "Senator Jones has just informed me that the returns indicate your election, and I hasten to extend my congratulations. We have submitted the issues to the American people and their will is law." By the end of 1896, Bryan had published his account of the campaign, The First Battle. In the book, Bryan made it clear that the first battle would not be the last, "If we are right, we shall yet triumph." _START_SECTION_ Appraisal and legacy _START_PARAGRAPH_ Michael Kazin, Bryan's biographer, notes the many handicaps he faced in his 1896 campaign: "A severe economic downturn that occurred with Democrats in power, a party deserted by its men of wealth and national prominence, the vehement opposition of most prominent publishers and academics and ministers, and hostility from the nation's largest employers". According to Kazin, "what is remarkable is not that Bryan lost but that he came as close as he did to winning." Williams believes that Bryan did better than any other Democrat would have, and comments, "The nominee of a divided and discredited party, he had come remarkably close to winning." Bryan's own explanation was brief: "I have borne the sins of Grover Cleveland."_NEWLINE_The consequences of defeat, however, were severe for the Democratic Party. The 1896 presidential race is generally considered a realigning election, when there is a major shift in voting patterns, upsetting the political balance. McKinley was supported by middle-class and wealthy voters, urban laborers, and prosperous farmers; this coalition would keep the Republicans mostly in power until the 1930s. The election of 1896 marked a transition as the concerns of the rural population became secondary to those of the urban; according to Stanley Jones, "the Democratic Party reacted with less sensitivity than the Republicans to the hopes and fears of the new voters which the new age was producing". This was evidenced in the tariff question: Bryan spent little time addressing it, stating that it was subsumed in the financial issue; Republican arguments that the protective tariff would benefit manufacturers appealed to urban workers and went unrebutted by the Democrats._NEWLINE_One legacy of the campaign was the career of William Jennings Bryan. He ran for president a second time in 1900 and a third time in 1908, each time losing. Through the almost three decades before his death in 1925, he was ever present on political platform and speaking circuit, fighting first for silver, and then for other causes. Bryan served as Secretary of State under President Woodrow Wilson from 1913 to 1915, resigning as Wilson moved the nation closer to intervention in World War I. His final years were marked with controversy, such as his involvement in the Scopes Monkey Trial in the final weeks of his life, but according to Kazin, "Bryan's sincerity, warmth, and passion for a better world won the hearts of people who cared for no other public figure in his day"._NEWLINE_Despite his defeat, Bryan's campaign inspired many of his contemporaries. Writers such as Edgar Lee Masters, Hamlin Garland and his fellow Nebraskan, Willa Cather, like Bryan came from the prairies; they wrote of their admiration for him and his first battle. The poet Vachel Lindsay, 16 years old in 1896, passionately followed Bryan's first campaign, and wrote of him many years later:_NEWLINE_Where is that boy, that Heaven-born Bryan,_NEWLINE_That Homer Bryan, who sang from the West?_NEWLINE_Gone to join the shadows with Altgeld the Eagle,_NEWLINE_Where the kings and the slaves and the troubadours rest.

2833898699094515331